Lisitra Swadesh

Ny **lisitra Swadesh** dia lisitry teny teny ao anatin' ny voambolana mahatohitra fiovana indrindra, novolavolain' ilay mpahay teny sady antrôpôlôgy amerikana atao hoe Morris Swadesh tamin' ny taompolo 1940-1950. Ampiasaina amin' ny haiteny mampitaha sy amin' ny haiteny ara-tantara ary koa amin' ny antrôpôlôjia izy io mba hamantarana ny voambolana fototra amin' ny fiteny rehetra izay vao sambany anaovana fandalinana, ary koa mba hamaritana ny haavon' ny fifanakaikezan' ny fiteny roa na maromaro.

## Lisitra Swadesh amin' ny teny anglisy

### Lisitra Swadesh farany ahitana teny anglisy miisa 100
Ny lisitra Swadesh farany, navoaka tamin' ny 1971, dia misy teny 100. Ny fanazavana ny teny dia hita ao amin' ny Swadesh 1952 na, izay marihina amin' ny sabatra (†), ao amin' ny Swadesh 1955. Marihina fa io filaharana tany am-boalohany io ihany no manazava ny hevitry ny teny marina izay  tsy milahatra araka ny abidia, ohatra, amin' ny tranga "27. bark" ("hodi-kazo", tany am-boalohany tsy nisy ny famaritana atovana eto).

# I (first person singular pronoun)
# you (second person singular pronoun; 1952 thou & ye)
# we (1955: inclusive)
# this
# that
# who? (“?” not 1971)
# what? (“?” not 1971)
# not
# all (of a number)
# many
# one
# two
# big
# long (not wide)
# small
# woman
# man (adult male human)
# person (individual human)
# fish (noun)
# bird
# dog
# louse
# tree (not log)
# seed (noun)
# leaf (botanics)
# root (botanics)
# bark (of tree)
# skin (1952: person’s)
# flesh (1952 meat, flesh)
# blood
# bone
# grease (1952: fat, organic substance)
# egg
# horn (of bull etc., not 1952)†
# tail
# feather (large, not down)
# hair (on head of humans)
# head (anatomic)
# ear
# eye
# nose
# mouth
# tooth (front, rather than molar)
# tongue (anatomical)
# claw (not in 1952)†
# foot (not leg)
# knee (not 1952)†
# hand
# belly (lower part of body, abdomen)
# neck (not nape)
# breasts (female; 1955 breast)†
# heart
# liver
# drink (verb)
# eat (verb)
# bite (verb)
# see (verb)
# hear (verb)
# know (facts)
# sleep (verb)
# die (verb)
# kill (verb)
# swim (verb)
# fly (verb)
# walk (verb)
# come (verb)
# lie (on side, recline)
# sit (verb)
# stand (verb)
# give (verb)
# say (verb)†
# sun
# moon (not 1952)†
# star
# water (noun)
# rain (noun, 1952 verb)
# stone
# sand
# earth (soil)
# cloud (not fog)
# smoke (noun, of fire)
# fire
# ash(es)
# burn (verb intransitive)
# path (1952 road, trail; not street)
# mountain (not hill)
# red (color)
# green (color)
# yellow (color)
# white (color)
# black (color)
# night
# hot (adjective; 1952 warm, of weather)
# cold (of weather)
# full†
# new
# good
# round (not 1952)†
# dry (substance)
# name

### Lisitra Swadesh farany ahitana teny anglisy miisa 207
Ny lisitra be mpampiasa indrindra amin' izao fotoana izao dia ny lisitry Swadesh aitana teny misa 207, nalaina avy amin' ny Swadesh 1952. Ao amin' ny Wiktionary ("*Swadesh lists by language*", "Lisitra Swadesh isaky ny fiteny"), Panlex sy ao amin' ny "Swadesh Word List of Indo-European languages" ("Lisitry ny Teny Swadesh amin' ny fiteny indô-eorôpeana") an' i Palisto, lisitra Swadesh an-jatony amin' ity endrika ity dia azo jerena.

# I
# you (singular)
# they (singular)
# we
# you (plural)
# they (plural)
# this
# that
# here
# there
# who
# what
# where
# when
# how
# not
# all
# many
# some
# few
# other
# one
# two
# three
# four
# five
# big
# long
# wide
# thick
# heavy
# small
# short
# narrow
# thin
# woman
# man (adult male)
# man (human being)
# child
# wife
# husband
# mother
# father
# animal
# fish
# bird
# dog
# louse
# snake
# worm
# tree
# forest
# stick
# fruit
# seed
# leaf
# root
# bark (of a tree)
# flower
# grass
# rope
# skin
# meat
# blood
# bone
# fat (noun)
# egg
# horn
# tail
# feather
# hair
# head
# ear
# eye
# nose
# mouth
# tooth
# tongue (organ)
# fingernail
# foot
# leg
# knee
# hand
# wing
# belly
# guts
# neck
# back
# breast
# heart
# liver
# to drink
# to eat
# to bite
# to suck
# to spit
# to vomit
# to blow
# to breathe
# to laugh
# to see
# to hear
# to know
# to think
# to smell
# to fear
# to sleep
# to live
# to die
# to kill
# to fight
# to hunt
# to hit
# to cut
# to split
# to stab
# to scratch
# to dig
# to swim
# to fly
# to walk
# to come
# to lie (as in a bed)
# to sit
# to stand
# to turn (intransitive)
# to fall
# to give
# to hold
# to squeeze
# to rub
# to wash
# to wipe
# to pull
# to push
# to throw
# to tie
# to sew
# to count
# to say
# to sing
# to play
# to float
# to flow
# to freeze
# to swell
# sun
# moon
# star
# water
# rain
# river
# lake
# sea
# salt
# stone
# sand
# dust
# earth
# cloud
# fog
# sky
# wind
# snow
# ice
# smoke
# fire
# ash
# to burn
# road
# mountain
# red
# green
# yellow
# white
# black
# night
# day
# year
# warm
# cold
# full
# new
# old
# good
# bad
# rotten
# dirty
# straight
# round
# sharp (as a knife)
# dull (as a knife)
# smooth
# wet
# dry
# correct
# near
# far
# right
# left
# at
# in
# with
# and
# if
# because
# name

### Lisitra fohy kokoa
Ny lisitra Swadesh–Yakhontov dia ampahany ahitana teny miisa 35 avy ao amin' ny lisitra Swadesh izay nataon' ilay Rosiana mpahay teny Sergei Yakhontov tamin' ny taona 1960 tany ho any, na dia tamin' ny 1991 aza no navoaka tamin' ny fomba ôfisialy ilay lisitra. Indreto izy ireo:

# I
# you (singular)
# this
# who
# what
# one
# two
# fish
# dog
# louse
# blood
# bone
# egg
# horn
# tail
# ear
# eye
# nose
# tooth
# tongue
# hand
# know
# die
# give
# sun
# moon
# water
# salt
# stone
# wind
# fire
# year
# full
# new
# name

## Ohatra amin' ny lisitra Swadesh an' ny fiteny sasany

### Lisitra Swadesh an' ny fiteny malagasy ahitana teny 207

#### Lisitra Swadesh an' ny fiteny frantsay sy malagasy ahitana teny 207
Inty ny lisitra Swadesh misy teny 207 amin' ny teny frantsay sy amin' ny teny malagasy.

#### Lisitra Swadesh an' ny fiteny anglisy sy malagasy ahitana teny 207
Inty ny lisitra Swadesh misy teny 207 amin' ny teny anglisy sy amin' ny teny malagasy.

### Lisitra Swadesh an' ny fiteny frantsay sy indôneziana ahitana teny 207
Indreto ny lisitra Swadesh misy teny 207 amin' ny teny indôneziana. Raha manana endrika maro ilay teny (fitanisana ny matoanteny, fifanarahana amin' ny kilahivavy, na amin' ny filaza isa, fiovana endrika), dia toy izao manaraka izao ny tsipelina ampiasaina:

* matoanteny: filaza tsy mitanisa
* teny hafa: tsy kandahy tsy kambavy na kandahy, milaza tokana, endrika lazaina.

Ho an' ny tranga manokana (tsy manana endrika tsy mitanisa, anarana kambavy, anarana amin' ny endrika milaza maro foana, ohatra), ny endrika tsotra indrindra no ampiasaina.

#### Lisitra Swadesh an' ny fiteny frantsay sy indôneziana ahitana teny 207
Inty ny lisitra Swadesh misy teny 207 amin' ny teny frantsay sy amin' ny teny indôneziana. 

#### Lisitra Swadesh an' ny fiteny anglisy sy indôneziana ahitana teny 207
Inty ny lisitra Swadesh misy teny 207 amin' ny teny anglisy sy amin' ny teny indôneziana.

*

### Lisitra Swadesh an' ny fiteny soahily ahitana teny 207
Indreto ny lisitra Swadesh misy teny 207 amin' ny teny soahily. Ny teny ialohavan-tsipika (-) dia ny fototenin' ny matoanteny na ny an' ny mpamaritra, izay tokony ampiana tovona raha hampifanarahina amin' ny mpandray anjara asa ao amin' ny fehezanteny.

#### Lisitra Swadesh an' ny fiteny frantsay sy soahily ahitana teny 207
Inty ny lisitra Swadesh misy teny 207 amin' ny teny frantsay amin' ny teny soahily.

#### Lisitra Swadesh an' ny fiteny anglisy sy soahily ahitana teny 207
Inty ny lisitra Swadesh misy teny 207 amin' ny teny anglisy sy amin' ny teny soahily. 

*