Hedyotis

Ny ***Hedyotis*** dia vondron-karazan-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana *[[Rubiaceae]]* ao amin' ny filaharana Gentianales. Karazana maro ao aminy, toy ny *Hedyotis biflora* sy ny *Hedyotis corymbosa* ary ny *Hedyotis diffusa*, no zavamaniry fanao fanafody malaza. Teratany any Azia trôpikaly sy sobtrôpikaly ary any amin' ny nosy maro any avaratra-andrefan' i Pasifika ny *Hedyotis*. Misy karazany 115 eo ho eo izy io. Ny *Hedyotis fruticosa* no karazana fiklamatra. Nomen' i Carl Linnaeus anarana tamin' ny 1753 tao amin' ny *Species Plantarum* ny *Hedyotis*. Io anarana io dia avy amin' ny teny grika roa, *hedys*, "mamy", sy *otos*, "sofina", izay ilazana ny ravina mamy sy miendrika sofina amin' ny karazana sasany.

## Taksônômia
Nofaritan' ny mpanoratra sasany teo aloha tamin' ny fomba malalaka ny *Hedyotis*, ary tafiditra tao aminy ny karazana napetraka ao amin' ny *[[Oldenlandia]]*, ao amin' ny *[[Oldenlandiopsis]]*, ao amin' ny *Houstonia*, ao amin' ny *Kadua*, ary ao amin' ny vondron-karazana hafa. Voafaritra amin' ny fomba tery kokoa izy izao, amin' ny maha vondrona mônôfiletika azy izay mifandray akaiky amin' ny *Agathisanthemum*. Noforonin' i Bremekamp ny vondron-karazana *Pleiocraterium* izay nampidirany ny *Hedyotis verticillaris* ho anisany amin' ny anarana hoe *Pleiocraterium* *verticillare*, toy izany koa ny *Pleiocraterium* *plantaginifolium* any Srilanka, ny *Pleiocraterium* *sumatranum* ary ny *Pleiocraterium* *gentianifolium*, samy any Sumatra. Nahita an' io vondron-karazana io ho ao anatin' ny solontena hafan' ny vondron-karazana *Hedyotis* anefa ny fanadihadiana filôjenetika môlekiolary, ka tsy misy antony hanohanana ny famoronana vondron-karazana misaraka.

### Karazana
Tamin' ny Marsa 2023, ny *[[Plants of the World Online]]* dia nanaiky ireto karazana manaraka ireto:

* *Hedyotis acutangula* Champ. ex Benth.
* *Hedyotis aimiriikensis* Kaneh.
* *Hedyotis albonerva* Bedd.
* *Hedyotis articularis* R.Br. ex Wight & Arn.
* *Hedyotis atropurpurea* Merr.
* *Hedyotis austrosinica* L.Wu & L.H.Yang
* *Hedyotis bahaii* J.F.Maxwell
* *Hedyotis bambusetorum* Merr.
* *Hedyotis baotingensis* W.C.Ko
* *Hedyotis barberi* (Gamble) A.N.Henry & Subr.
* *Hedyotis beddomei* Hook.f.
* *Hedyotis benguetensis* (Elmer) Elmer
* *Hedyotis bourdillonii* (Gamble) R.S.Rao & Hemadri ex N.C.Nair, V.J.Nair & R.Ansari
* *Hedyotis brachyantha* Merr.
* *Hedyotis bracteosa* Hance
* *Hedyotis buxifolia* Bedd.
* *Hedyotis cagayanensis* Merr.
* *Hedyotis camarinensis* Merr.
* *Hedyotis cantoniensis* F.C.How ex W.C.Ko
* *Hedyotis cardiophylla* Quisumb. & Merr.
* *Hedyotis catanduanensis* Merr.
* *Hedyotis cathayana* W.C.Ko
* *Hedyotis caudata* Merr.
* *Hedyotis caudatifolia* Merr. & F.P.Metcalf
* *Hedyotis ceylanica* N.Wikstr. & Neupane
* *Hedyotis cheniana* R.J.Wang
* *Hedyotis cinereoviridis* Thwaites
* *Hedyotis communis* W.C.Ko
* *Hedyotis coprosmoides* Trimen
* *Hedyotis cornifolia* Kaneh.
* *Hedyotis cryptantha* Dunn
* *Hedyotis cushingiae* Fosberg
* *Hedyotis cyanantha* Kurz
* *Hedyotis cyanescens* Thwaites
* *Hedyotis decora* E.T.Geddes
* *Hedyotis dendroides* Alston
* *Hedyotis densa* Craib
* *Hedyotis devicolamensis* Deb & Ratna Dutta
* *Hedyotis diffusissima* Merr.
* *Hedyotis divaricata* (Valeton) Hosok.
* *Hedyotis edanoii* Quisumb. & Merr.
* *Hedyotis effusa* Hance
* *Hedyotis equisetiformis* Wernham
* *Hedyotis eualata* (Gamble) A.N.Henry & Subr.
* *Hedyotis eucapitata* Merr.
* *Hedyotis evenia* Thwaites
* *Hedyotis exserta* Merr.
* *Hedyotis fissistipula* Merr.
* *Hedyotis flavescens* Thwaites
* *Hedyotis flexuosa* Ridl.
* *Hedyotis fruticosa* L.
* *Hedyotis fruticulosa* (Volkens) Merr.
* *Hedyotis fumata* Alston
* *Hedyotis gamblei* A.N.Henry & Subr.
* *Hedyotis gardneri* Thwaites
* *Hedyotis garrettii* Craib
* *Hedyotis gartmorensis* Ridsdale
* *Hedyotis gentianifolia* (Bremek.) N.Wikstr. & Neupane
* *Hedyotis globiceps* Ridl.
* *Hedyotis griffithii* Hook.f.
* *Hedyotis hainanensis* (Chun) W.C.Ko
* *Hedyotis hamiguitanensis* Santor, D.D.B.Santiago & Alejandro
* *Hedyotis havilandii* King
* *Hedyotis hirsutissima* Bedd.
* *Hedyotis humilis* Merr.
* *Hedyotis inamoena* Thwaites
* *Hedyotis indirae* K.M.P.Kumar & Aiswarya
* *Hedyotis kamputensis* (Pit.) Wangwasit & Chantar.
* *Hedyotis korrorensis* (Valeton) Hosok.
* *Hedyotis kottangathattiensis* M.B.Viswan. & Manik.
* *Hedyotis kurzii* Merr.
* *Hedyotis laciniata* Kaneh.
* *Hedyotis lancea* Thunb. ex Maxim.
* *Hedyotis laotica* (Pit.) Wangwasit & Chantar.
* *Hedyotis lawsoniae* Wight & Arn.
* *Hedyotis leschenaultiana* DC.
* *Hedyotis lessertiana* Arn.
* *Hedyotis leuserensis* N.Wikstr. & Neupane
* *Hedyotis loganioides* Benth.
* *Hedyotis longiexserta* Merr. & F.P.Metcalf
* *Hedyotis longipedunculata* Merr.
* *Hedyotis longipetala* Merr.
* *Hedyotis luzoniensis* Merr.
* *Hedyotis lychnidifolia* Craib
* *Hedyotis macgregorii* Merr.
* *Hedyotis macraei* Hook.f.
* *Hedyotis macrophylla* Wall. ex Wight & Arn.
* *Hedyotis macrostegia* Stapf
* *Hedyotis maingayi* Hook.f.
* *Hedyotis marginata* (Thwaites ex Trimen) Alston
* *Hedyotis matthewii* Dunn
* *Hedyotis megalantha* Merr.
* *Hedyotis membranacea* Thwaites
* *Hedyotis mindorensis* Quisumb.
* *Hedyotis minutopuberula* Merr. & F.P.Metcalf
* *Hedyotis montana* Merr.
* *Hedyotis nairii* Murug. & V.Balas.
* *Hedyotis nankunshanensis* R.J.Wang & S.J.Deng
* *Hedyotis nanlingensis* R.J.Wang
* *Hedyotis neesiana* Arn.
* *Hedyotis neolessertiana* Ridsdale
* *Hedyotis nigrescens* Merr.
* *Hedyotis nodiflora* Wall. ex G.Don
* *Hedyotis nodulosa* Arn.
* *Hedyotis novoguineensis* Merr. & L.M.Perry
* *Hedyotis nutans* (Valeton) P.Royen
* *Hedyotis obscura* Thwaites
* *Hedyotis oligantha* Merr.
* *Hedyotis ovalis* (Korth.) Walp.
* *Hedyotis ovata* Thunb. ex Maxim.
* *Hedyotis papafranciscoi* Alejandro
* *Hedyotis paridifolia* Dunn
* *Hedyotis patens* Ridl.
* *Hedyotis phanerophlebia* Merr.
* *Hedyotis philippensis* (Willd. ex Spreng.) Merr. ex C.B.Rob.
* *Hedyotis pilosissima* Merr.
* *Hedyotis pinaster* Ridl.
* *Hedyotis plantaginifolia* Arn.
* *Hedyotis ponapensis* (Valeton) Kaneh.
* *Hedyotis prostrata* Blume
* *Hedyotis protrusa* Stapf
* *Hedyotis pruinosa* Wight & Arn.
* *Hedyotis puberulifolia* Y.D.Xu & R.J.Wang
* *Hedyotis pubescens* (Valeton) Merr. & L.M.Perry
* *Hedyotis puffii* Wangwasit & Chantar.
* *Hedyotis pulchella* Stapf
* *Hedyotis pulcherrima* Dunn
* *Hedyotis punicea* Craib
* *Hedyotis purpurascens* Hook.f.
* *Hedyotis quinquinervia* Thwaites
* *Hedyotis rajasekaranii* Karupp. & V.Ravich.
* *Hedyotis ramarowii* (Gamble) R.S.Rao & Hemadri
* *Hedyotis resupinata* Ridl.
* *Hedyotis rhinophylla* Thwaites ex Trimen
* *Hedyotis rigida* (Blume) Walp.
* *Hedyotis rivalis* Ridl.
* *Hedyotis rosmarinifolia* (Pit.) Craib
* *Hedyotis rugosa* (Blume) Korth.
* *Hedyotis sachetiana* Fosberg
* *Hedyotis scaberrima* Merr.
* *Hedyotis scaberula* Hook.f.
* *Hedyotis scabridifolia* Kaneh.
* *Hedyotis schlechteri* Merr. & L.M.Perry
* *Hedyotis scoparia* (Pierre ex Pit.) P.H.Hô
* *Hedyotis shenzhenensis* Tao Chen
* *Hedyotis shettyi* K.Ravik. & V.Lakshm.
* *Hedyotis shoolamudi* Sunil, Naveen Kum. & K.M.P.Kumar
* *Hedyotis sibuyanensis* Elmer
* *Hedyotis similis* E.T.Geddes
* *Hedyotis simplex* Merr.
* *Hedyotis simplicissima* (Lour.) Merr.
* *Hedyotis sithiravaraiensis* Muruganand., Devanath., S.Ravik. & D.Naras.
* *Hedyotis srilankensis* Deb & Ratna Dutta
* *Hedyotis stelligera* Ridl.
* *Hedyotis stylosa* R.Br. ex Wight & Arn.
* *Hedyotis suborthogona* Hosok.
* *Hedyotis subvelutina* Elmer
* *Hedyotis subvenosa* Merr.
* *Hedyotis subverticillata* Alston
* *Hedyotis swertioides* Hook.f.
* *Hedyotis symphyllarionoides* Ridsdale
* *Hedyotis taishanensis* G.T.Wang & R.J.Wang
* *Hedyotis tavoyensis* N.P.Balakr.
* *Hedyotis tenuipes* Hemsl.
* *Hedyotis terminaliflora* Merr. & Chun
* *Hedyotis ternata* (Pierre ex Pit.) P.H.Hô
* *Hedyotis tetrandra* (Roxb.) Craib
* *Hedyotis tetrangularis* (Korth.) Walp.
* *Hedyotis thwaitesii* Hook.f.
* *Hedyotis tomentosa* (Valeton) Hosok.
* *Hedyotis tonggulingensis* G.B.Jiang & R.J.Wang
* *Hedyotis travancorica* Bedd.
* *Hedyotis trichoneura* Alston
* *Hedyotis tridentata* Ridsdale
* *Hedyotis trimenii* Deb & Ratna Dutta
* *Hedyotis trisecta* Elmer
* *Hedyotis tuyamae* Hosok.
* *Hedyotis uncinella* Hook. & Arn.
* *Hedyotis vachellii* Hook. & Arn.
* *Hedyotis valetoniana* Merr. & L.M.Perry
* *Hedyotis verticillaris* Wall. ex Wight & Arn.
* *Hedyotis wangii* R.J.Wang
* *Hedyotis whiteheadii* Merr.
* *Hedyotis wuzhishanensis* R.J.Wang
* *Hedyotis xinyiensis* X.Guo & R.J.Wang
* *Hedyotis yangchunensis* W.C.Ko & Zhang
* *Hedyotis yazhouensis* F.W.Xing & R.J.Wang
* *Hedyotis zhihaoana* Huan C.Wang & Xiao Lan Liu

#### Napetraka tao teo aloha

* *Parainvolucrella scabra* (Wall. ex Kurz) M.D.Yuan & R.J.Wang (= *Hedyotis scabra* Wall. ex Kurz)

## Jereo koa

* *[[Oldenlandia]]*
* *[[Oldenlandiopsis]]*
* *[[Houstonia]]* 
* *[[Kadua]]*
* *[[Agathisanthemum]]*. 

* *[[Parainvolucrella]]*