Vakana

Ny **vakana** dia zavatra boribory kely izay namboarina hanana endrika mahafinaritra na voajanahary sady misy loaka ahafahana mampitohy azy maromaro amin' ny alalan' ny tady na kofehy ary iambozonana na ahodidina ny lanton-tanana hatao haingo na fiarovana. Amin' ny fomban-drazana malagasy dia mitana toerana lehibe eo amin' ny fombafomba ara-pivavahana sy eo amin' ny fiarahamonina ary mahakaska ny tontolon' ny tany aman-danitra ny vakana. Mety ho vita amin' ny zavamaniry, vato, tandroka, taolana, akorandriaka, fitaratra, metaly ary plastika ny vakana.

## Famaritana ankapobeny
Ny vakana dia zavatra boribory na boribory lavalava vita amin' ny zavamaniry (voa, taho namboarina), vato, fitaratra (any amin' ny morontsiraka atsinanana sy avaratra), akorandriaka, taolana, indraindray metaly, izay atohitohy ho lasa karazana firavaka ilaina amin' ny fombafomba, ampiasaina ho ody fiaro, ho mariky ny sata ara-piarahamonina misy ny tena, ho zavatra azo tsapain-tanana ifandraisana amin' ny masina.

## Fampiasana ny vakana

### Vakana sy hasina
Ao amin' ny finoan-drazana malagasy dia mifandray matetika amin' ny hasina (fahefana ara-panahy) ny vakana. Heverina ho manana ny lanjany amin' ny lafiny fombafomba amin' ny fifandraisana amin' ny razana ny vakana sasany. Ny vakana no zavatra azo tsapain-tanana ampiasaina ho fitoeran' ny hasina. Miankina amin' ny fiaviany sy ny fombafomba fanokanana azy ary ny firazanan' izay mampiasa azy ny fahombiazan' ny vakana.

### Vakana miaro
Azo ampiasaina ho ody fiaro amin' ny zava-dratsy toy ny mosavy sy ny angatra na matoatoa ny vakana. Matetika ny vakana no manam-pifandraisana amin' ny zavamaniry fanao fanafody sy amin' ny tsodrano ary amin' ny fady.

### Vakana sy satam-piarahamonina
Ara-tantara dia nanana andraikitra ara-piarahamonina sy ara-pôlitika ihany koa ny vakana. Natokana ho an' ny andriana sy ho an' ny mpanandro ary ho an' ny ombiasy ny karazana vakana sasany. Mety manondro ny firazanana sy ny anjara asa eo amin' ny fanatanterahana fombafomba manokana ary ny fahefana hanelanelana amin' ny razana ny  vakana. Any amin' ny faritra sasany dia lovain' ny taranaka ny vakana.

### Vakana sy sikidy
Ampiasaina amin' ny fikarakarana sikidy koa ny vakana: isana ara-pombafomba sy kirakiraina an' ohatra ary ampiarahina amin' ny sikidy. Tsy mahasolo ny sikidy ny vakana, fa azo ampiasaina ho fitaovana fanampiny ho azy.

## Ohabolana momba ny vakana

* Miditra an-tsipiriany, ohatra ny vakan' ny Talaotra.
* Natao ihany ny mandevina lohan' angidina, fa tsy tonga vakan-karanana.
* Vakam-potsin' andevolahy: ka sady an-doha no an-tongotra.
* Vakana tsileondoza: anarany fotsiny ihany fa ny loza no tsy ho avy.

## Lisitry ny anaram-bakana
Inty ny lisitry ny anaram-bakana malagasy: aferom-borona - akoran-tsifotra - alakaosy - ampamelona - angareja - atodimpody - atodimpody - atodinosy - atodinosy - atodiosy - bemiorika - bijikely - dian-tsiriry - dosy - famakivola (famaky vola) - fanjaibola (fanjai-bola) - fenomanana - fenomanana - fierenana - hange - hangy - harena tsy maty - harenatsimaty - hasaka - hirijy - ilijavona - jijikely - keliandonaka - kelisahilonaka - lakambazimba - lobaloba - mahafehitena - mahafehitena - maitsomanana - maitsomavana - maizinkitro - malaimisaraka - mananjara - manarimbintana - manavodrevo - manjakabeantany (manjaka be antany) - marojinja - masombola (masom-bola) - masonamboatorana - masondandy - masondandy - moraporitra - ombalahivola -ranolalina - ravimanta - ravimbelo - rongo firaka - rongo vakam-potsy - sainty - samalama - samisamy - sarihangy - soamalama - soamanodidina - tafita - tahonanganala - tain-jaza - tananorana - tanterakala - tohy vandana - tongahasina - tongahasina - tongarivo - tratramborona - tratramborondreo - tsiambandrafy - tsiambanindahy - tsiambanindrafy - tsiambohibatana - tsiambohitrinimanana - tsiatosidahy - tsiatosidahy - tsiatosika - tsiatosika - tsilaiby - tsilaimby - tsilaitra - tsilaitra - tsileomparimbona - tsileondoza - tsileondoza - tsimandrilalana - tsimarofy - tsimatinarivolahy - tsiribihy - tsitiamivonto - tsitiamoty - tsy mandry lalana - vakamaivana - vakambazimba - vakambony - vakambony - vakamiarina - vakamiarina - vakamifidiandriana - vakampotsy - vakampotsy - vakandosy - vakandranolalina - vakanjirika - vakankaranana - vakantainjaza - vakantany - vakantany - vakantody - vakantody - vakantsilaiby - vakantsileondoza - vazanandriana - velomiriaria - velomiriaria - velomody - velomody - velonarivotaona - velonarivotaona - voahanginandriana - voahangindrano - voahangindrano - voahangy - voavola - vodilanitra - vodilanitra - vonibe - vonibezara - vonifotsy - vonikely - vonimbazaha - voniravo - voronosy.

## Fanovozan-kevitra

* Pagès, P. (1971), ''Vakana malagasy'' (''Perles malgaches'')*,* Musée d'art et d’archéologie de l'Université de Madagascar, Tananarive — Travaux et documents, n° 6.
* Bernard-Thierry, Solange (1959),  "Perles magiques à Madagascar", *Journal de la Société des Africanistes*, tome 29, fascicule 1, pp. 33-90.
* Legrip-Randriambelo, Olivia (2020), ''Le plastique, c'est magique ? Circulation et technique de fabrication des perles magico-religieuses à Madagascar''*,* Africanistes (*OpenEdition Journals*).
* Mampionona, Miora (2006, 2015), ''Le système symbolique des assemblages de perles dans la tradition sihanaka''*,* Mémoire de DEA (2006), puis thèse de doctorat en anthropologie (2015), Université de Toliara / Antananarivo.
* Renel, Charles (1919), "Les amulettes malgaches. Ody et sampy"*, Bulletin de l’Académie malgache*, t. II.
* Mantaux, Christian Georges (1970), "Perles malgaches du XIXᵉ et du XXᵉ siècle", *Taloha*. Revue du Musée d’Art et d’Archéologie (Antananarivo), 3:193-208.
* Rasoarifetra, Bako (2011), *[https://journals.openedition.org/africanistes/9955?utm_source=chatgpt.com Les perles de Vohémar. Origine et marqueurs culturels],* Études océan Indien 46-47:178-193.

* Graeber, David (1996), *[https://www.jstor.org/stable/646251 Beads and Money: Notes toward a Theory of Wealth and Power]*, American Ethnologist 23(1):4-24.
* Graeber, David (2007), *[https://journals.openedition.org/africanistes/9955?lang Lost People: Magic and the Legacy of Slavery in Madagascar]*, Indiana University Press.
* Panini, Augusto (2008), *[https://journals.openedition.org/africanistes/9955?lang Middle Eastern and Venetian Glass Beads. Eighth to Twentieth Century]*, Skira, Paris

* Pallaver, Karin (2009), "A Recognized Currency in Beads. Glass Beads as Money in Nineteenth-century East Africa", in *Money in Africa*, British Museum Editions.
* Burguet, Delphine (2014), ''Figures des maîtres rituels. Les devins-guérisseurs dans l'histoire et aujourd'hui : savoir, action et pouvoir à Madagascar''*.*

## Jereo koa

* Ody

* Sapile
* Sampy
* Voahangy
* *[[Coix lacryma-jobi]]*
* *[[Abrus precatorius]]*
* *[[Adenanthera pavonina]]*.

## Loharano