Vitis

Ny ***Vitis*** dia vondron-karazana zavamaniry mianika (vahy) sy kirihitra mandadina, ao amin' ny fianakaviana *[[Vitaceae]]*, ao amin' ny filaharana Vitales. Ahitana ny karazan-javamaniry fantatra amin' ny anarana manazatra hoe "voaloboka" ity vondron-karazana ity. Karazana 72 hatramin' ny 80 no miparitaka manerana ny faritra manana toetany antonony sy sobtrôpikaly, indrindra any amin' ny ila bolantany avaratra (Eorôpa sy ny Atsinanana Afovoany, Azia Atsinanana ary Amerika Avaratra sy Afovoany) izy io. Zava-dehibe ara-toekarena ny karazana sasany ao amin' io vondron-karazana io noho ny voany (atao hoe "voaloboka" ihany koa) izay natao hohanina mivantana na hanamboarana divay.

Amin' ny karazana maro ao aminy, ny tena manan-danja ara-toekarena dia ny voaloboka eorôpeana (*[[Vitis vinifera]]*), izay ambolena indrindra manerana ny faritra manana toetany antonony. Ankoatra an' io karazana io, ny karazana hafa amin' ity vondron-karazana ity dia mifanaraka amin' ny fomba fambolena voaloboka mahazatra dia ny *Vitis labrusca*, ny *Vitis riparia*, ny *Vitis rupestris*, ny *Vitis berlandieri*, ny *Vitis amurensis*, ny *Vitis coignetiae*, ny *Vitis vulpina*, ny *Vitis acerifolia*, ny *Vitis aestivalis*, ary ny *Vitis rotundifolia*.

## Lisitry ny karazana

* *Vitis acerifolia* Raf.
* *Vitis aestivalis* Michx.
* *Vitis amurensis* Rupr. 
* *Vitis ×andersonii* Rehder (*Vitis coignetiae × Vitis riparia*)
* *Vitis arizonica* Engelm.
* *Vitis balansana* Planch.
* *Vitis barbata* Wall.
* *Vitis bashanica* P.C.He
* *Vitis bellula* (Rehder) W.T.Wang
* *Vitis berlandieri* Planch  (= *Vitis cinerea* var. *helleri* (L.H.Bailey) M.O.Moore)
* *Vitis betulifolia* Diels & Gilg
* *Vitis biformis* Rose
* *Vitis blancoi* Munson
* *Vitis bloodworthiana* Comeaux
* *Vitis bourgaeana* Planch.
* *Vitis ×bourquina* Munson ex Viala
* *Vitis bryoniifolia* Bunge
* *Vitis californica* Benth.
* *Vitis ×champinii* Planch.
* *Vitis chunganensis* Hu
* *Vitis chungii* F.P.Metcalf
* *Vitis cinerea* (Engelm.) Engelm. ex Millardet
* *Vitis coignetiae* Pulliat ex Planch.
* *Vitis davidii* (Rom.Caill.) Foëx
* *Vitis ×doaniana* Munson ex Viala
* *Vitis erythrophylla* W.T.Wang
* *Vitis fengqinensis* C.L.Li
* *Vitis ficifolia* Bunge
* *Vitis flexuosa* Thunb.
* *Vitis girdiana* Munson
* *Vitis hancockii* Hance
* *Vitis heyneana* Roem. & Schult.
* *Vitis hui* W.C.Cheng
* *Vitis jacquemontii* R.Parker
* *Vitis jaegeriana* Comeaux
* *Vitis jinggangensis* W.T.Wang
* *[[Vitis labrusca]]* L. 
* *Vitis labruscana* L.H.Bailey
* *Vitis lanceolatifoliosa* C.L.Li
* *Vitis longquanensis* P.L.Chiu
* *Vitis luochengensis* W.T.Wang
* *Vitis menghaiensis* C.L.Li
* *Vitis mengziensis* C.L.Li
* *Vitis monticola* Buckley
* *Vitis mustangensis* Buckley
* *Vitis nesbittiana* Comeaux
* *Vitis ×novae-angliae* Fernald
* *Vitis palmata* Vahl
* *Vitis peninsularis* M.E.Jones
* *Vitis piasezkii* Maxim.
* *Vitis pilosonerva* F.P.Metcalf
* *Vitis popenoei* J.H.Fennel
* *Vitis pseudoreticulata* W.T.Wang
* *Vitis retordii* Rom.Caill. ex Planch.
* *Vitis riparia* Michx. 
* *Vitis romanetii* Rom.Caill.
* *Vitis rotundifolia* Michx.
* *Vitis rupestris* Scheele 
* *Vitis ruyuanensis* C.L.Li
* *Vitis shenxiensis* C.L.Li
* *Vitis shuttleworthii* House
* *Vitis silvestrii* Pamp.
* *Vitis sinocinerea* W.T.Wang
* *Vitis ×slavinii* Rehder (*Vitis argentifolia × Vitis riparia*)
* *Vitis tiliifolia* Humb. & Bonpl. ex Schult.
* *Vitis treleasei* Munson ex L.H.Bailey
* *Vitis tsoii* Merr.
* *[[Vitis vinifera]]* L.
* *Vitis vulpina* L. (= *Vitis cordifolia* Michx)
* *Vitis wenchouensis* C.Ling ex W.T.Wang
* *Vitis wilsonae* hort.Veitch ex anon.
* *Vitis wuhanensis* C.L.Li
* *Vitis yunnanensis* C.L.Li
* *Vitis zhejiang-adstricta* P.L.Chiu

### Karazana misy eto Madagasikara
Ankoatry ny voaloboka famboly mahazatra izay nampidirina teto (*[[Vitis vinifera]]*) dia ahitana karazana hafa koa izay samt nampidirina ny eto mba hamokarana divay na hohanina mivantana:

* *Vitis vinifera* (na raha ny tena marina *Vitis vinifera* L. subsp. *vinifera* ) -- voalobobazaha
* *Vitis labrusca* -- voaloboka amerikana
* Voaloboka safiotra (avy amin' ny *Vitis riparia*, ny *Vitis rupestris*, ny *itis berlandieri*, ny *Vitis lincecumii* (= *Vitis aestivalis* subsp. *lincecumii*), voaloboka amerikana hafa ampiasaina ho mpitondra grefy)

Ny karazana tena misy eto Madagasikara izay nataon' ny mpanoratra taloha hoe *Vitis lenticellata* Baker (atao amin' ny teny malagasy hoe vahintakifitra, vahintankifitra, vahintankifotra) dia nafindra vondron-karazana ka lasa antsoina hoe *[[Cissus lenticellata]]* (Baker) Suess., ary ny *Vitis microdiptera* Baker (atao amin'ny teny malagasy hoe famakientana) dia niova vondron-karazana koa ka lasa antsoina hoe *[[Cyphostemma microdipterum]]* (Baker) Desc..

Tsy anisan' ny *Vitis* ireo atao hoe "voaloboka maniry hoazy" na "voaloboka dia" fa ao amin' ny vondron-karazana hafa toa ny *[[Cissus]]* (ahitana karazana tena betsana), ny *[[Cyphostemma]]* (matetika manana taho mitahiry ranony) ary ny *[[Rhoicissus]]*, ny *[[Cayratia]]* ary ny *[[Tetrastigma]]* izay tsypamokatra voa toa ny an' ny karazana ao amin' ny *Vitis*.

## Fampiasana azy
Na dia maro aza ny karazana ao amin' ny vondron-karazana *Vitis* dia ny *Vitis vinifera* no karazana ambolena betsaka indrindra any Eorôpa, sy maneran-tany, dia ny *Vitis vinifera*. Ity karazana ity, raha ny marina, no niandohan' ny ovan-karazana maro, anisan' izany ny atapo amin' ny teny frantsay hoe "cabernet", "chardonnay", "merlot", "pinot", "sauvignon", sns.

Na izany aza dia tsy io ihany karazana volena. Misy karazana hafa azo ampiasaina hamokarana ranom-boankazo, indrindra ny *[[Vitis labrusca]]* any Amerika sy ny *[[Vitis coignetiae]]* any Azia. Tsy mitovy amin' ny an' ny *Vitis vinifera* anefa ny tsiro azo avy amin' ny fanotrehana ny voan' izy ireo ka vitsy ny mpankafy.

Vokatry ny fampivadiana ny *Vitis vinifera* amin' ny karazana hafa (*Vitis berlandieri, Vitis labrusca, Vitis riparia, Vitis rupestris*, sns.) ny ovan-karazana sasany. Farany, ny sasany amin' ireo karazana hafa ireo dia azo ampiasaina ho foto-grefy ho an' ny fambolena ny ovan-karazan' ny *Vitis vinifera*, mba hiarovana azy ireo amin' ny aretina parasitika toy ny filôksera (aretina vokatry hy bakteria *Xylella fastidiosa*) na ny aretina vokatry ny holatra bitika sasany.

## Jereo koa

* Voaloboka (voany)
* Divay
* *[[Cayratia]]*
* *[[Cissus]]*
* *[[Cyphostemma]]*
* *[[Rhoicissus]]*
* *[[Tetrastigma]]*