Coffea

Ny ***Coffea*** dia vondron-karazan-javamaniry mamony sy roa ravin-tsioka, ao amin' ny fianakaviana *[[Rubiaceae]]*, ao amin' ny filaharana Gentianales. Atao amin' ny teny malagasy hoa **kafe** izy ireo, indrindra fa ny karazana izay fanao zava-pisotro ny voany. Mahatratra 80 hatramin' ny 130 ny karazan-kafe ka ny sasany tena hazo fa ny sasany indray hazobotry. Any amin' ny faritra manana toetanin-jana-pehintany aty Afrika sy any Azia no fiavian' ny kafe. Ny sasany amin' ireo karazana ireo dia ambolena hahazoana ny voany, izay amokarana zava-pisotro mitovy anarana aminy sady sotroina manerana izao tontolo izao. Karazana roa no tena ambolena, dia ny *[[Coffea arabica]]* sy ny *[[Coffea canephora]]*. Misy ihany ny maboly ilay karazana atao hoe *[[Coffea liberica]]*.

## Karazana

### Lisitry ny karazana

Tamin' ny Janoary 2026 dia manaiky ireto karazana 133 manaraka ireto sy ny safiotra iray ny *[[Plants of the World Online]]*:

* *Coffea abbayesii* J.-F.Leroy
* *Coffea affinis* De Wild.
* *Coffea alleizettii* Dubard
* *[[Coffea ambanjensis]]* J.-F.Leroy
* *[[Coffea ambongensis]]* J.-F.Leroy ex A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
* *[[Coffea andrambovatensis]]* J.-F.Leroy
* *[[Coffea ankaranensis]]* J.-F.Leroy ex A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
* *Coffea anthonyi* Stoff. & F.Anthony
* *[[Coffea arabica]]* L.
* *Coffea arenesiana* J.-F.Leroy
* *Coffea augagneurii* Dubard
* *Coffea bakossii* Cheek & Bridson
* *Coffea benghalensis* B.Heyne ex Roth
* *Coffea bertrandii* A.Chev.
* *[[Coffea betamponensis]]* Portères & J.-F.Leroy
* *Coffea bissetiae* A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
* *[[Coffea boinensis]]* A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
* *Coffea boiviniana* (Baill.) Drake
* *Coffea bonnieri* Dubard
* *Coffea brassii* (J.-F.Leroy) A.P.Davis
* *Coffea brevipes* Hiern
* *Coffea bridsoniae* A.P.Davis & Mvungi
* *Coffea buxifolia* A.Chev.
* *Coffea callmanderi* A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
* *Coffea canephora* Pierre ex A.Froehner
* *Coffea carrissoi* A.Chev.
* *Coffea charrieriana* Stoff. & F.Anthony
* *Coffea cochinchinensis* Pierre ex Pit.
* *Coffea commersoniana* (Baill.) A.Chev.
* *Coffea congensis* A.Froehner
* *Coffea costatifructa* Bridson
* *Coffea coursiana* J.-F.Leroy
* *Coffea dactylifera* Robbr. & Stoff.
* *[[Coffea darainensis]]* A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
* *Coffea decaryana* J.-F.Leroy
* *Coffea dewevrei* De Wild. & T.Durand
* *Coffea dubardii* Jum.
* *Coffea ebracteolata* (Hiern) Brenan
* *Coffea eugenioides* S.Moore
* *Coffea fadenii* Bridson
* *[[Coffea farafanganensis]]* J.-F.Leroy
* *Coffea floresiana* Boerl.
* *Coffea fotsoana* Stoff. & Sonké
* *Coffea fragilis* J.-F.Leroy
* *Coffea fragrans* Wall. ex Hook.f.
* *Coffea gallienii* Dubard
* *Coffea grevei* Drake ex A.Chev.
* *Coffea heimii* J.-F.Leroy
* *Coffea* × *heterocalyx* Stoff.
* *Coffea homollei* J.-F.Leroy
* *Coffea horsfieldiana* Miq.
* *Coffea humbertii* J.-F.Leroy
* *Coffea humblotiana* Baill.
* *Coffea humilis* A.Chev.
* *Coffea jumellei* J.-F.Leroy
* *[[Coffea kalobinonensis]]* A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
* *Coffea kapakata* (A.Chev.) Bridson
* *Coffea kianjavatensis* J.-F.Leroy
* *Coffea kihansiensis* A.P.Davis & Mvungi
* *Coffea kimbozensis* Bridson
* *Coffea kivuensis* Lebrun
* *Coffea klainei* Pierre ex De Wild.
* *Coffea labatii* A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
* *Coffea lancifolia* A.Chev.
* *Coffea lebruniana* Germ. & Kesler
* *Coffea leonimontana* Stoff.
* *Coffea leroyi* A.P.Davis
* *Coffea liaudii* J.-F.Leroy ex A.P.Davis
* *Coffea liberica* W.Bull
* *Coffea ligustroides* S.Moore
* *[[Coffea littoralis]]* A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
* *Coffea lulandoensis* Bridson
* *Coffea mabesae* (Elmer) J.-F.Leroy
* *Coffea macrocarpa* A.Rich.
* *Coffea madurensis* Teijsm. & Binn. ex Koord.
* *Coffea magnistipula* Stoff. & Robbr.
* *Coffea malabarica* (Sivar., Biju & P.Mathew) A.P.Davis
* *[[Coffea mangoroensis]]* Portères
* *Coffea mannii* (Hook.f.) A.P.Davis
* *[[Coffea manombensis]]* A.P.Davis
* *Coffea mapiana* Sonké, Nguembou & A.P.Davis
* *Coffea mauritiana* Lam.
* *Coffea mayombensis* A.Chev.
* *Coffea mcphersonii* A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
* *Coffea melanocarpa* Welw. ex Hiern
* *Coffea merguensis* Ridl.
* *Coffea microdubardii* A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
* *Coffea millotii* J.-F.Leroy
* *Coffea minutiflora* A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
* *Coffea mogenetii* Dubard
* *Coffea mongensis* Bridson
* *Coffea montekupensis* Stoff.
* *Coffea montis-sacri* A.P.Davis
* *[[Coffea moratii]]* J.-F.Leroy ex A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
* *Coffea mufindiensis* Hutch. ex Bridson
* *Coffea myrtifolia* (A.Rich. ex DC.) J.-F.Leroy
* *[[Coffea namorokensis]]* A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
* *Coffea neobridsoniae* A.P.Davis
* *Coffea neoleroyi* A.P.Davis
* *Coffea perrieri* Drake ex Jum. & H.Perrier
* *Coffea pervilleana* (Baill.) Drake
* *Coffea pocsii* Bridson
* *Coffea pseudozanguebariae* Bridson
* *Coffea pterocarpa* A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
* *Coffea pustulata* A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
* *Coffea racemosa* Lour.
* *[[Coffea rakotonasoloi]]* A.P.Davis
* *[[Coffea ratsimamangae]]* J.-F.Leroy ex A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
* *Coffea resinosa* (Hook.f.) Radlk.
* *Coffea rhamnifolia* (Chiov.) Bridson
* *Coffea richardii* J.-F.Leroy
* *Coffea rizetiana* Stoff. & Noirot
* *Coffea rupicola* A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
* *[[Coffea sahafaryensis]]* J.-F.Leroy
* *[[Coffea sakarahae]]* J.-F.Leroy
* *Coffea salvatrix* Swynn. & Philipson
* *[[Coffea sambavensis]]* J.-F.Leroy ex A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
* *Coffea sapinii* (De Wild.) A.P.Davis
* *Coffea schliebenii* Bridson
* *Coffea semsei* (Bridson) A.P.Davis
* *Coffea sessiliflora* Bridson
* *Coffea stenophylla* G.Don
* *Coffea tetragona* Jum. & H.Perrier
* *Coffea togoensis* A.Chev.
* *Coffea toshii* A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
* *Coffea travancorensis* Wight & Arn.
* *Coffea tricalysioides* J.-F.Leroy
* *[[Coffea tsirananae]]* J.-F.Leroy
* *[[Coffea vatovavyensis]]* J.-F.Leroy
* *[[Coffea vavateninensis]]* J.-F.Leroy
* *Coffea vianneyi* J.-F.Leroy
* *[[Coffea vohemarensis]]* A.P.Davis & Rakotonas.
* *Coffea wightiana* Wall. ex Wight & Arn.
* *Coffea zanguebariae* Lour.

### Karazana misy eto Madagasikara
Eo anelanelan' ny 45 sy 71 ny karazana *Coffea* izay tsy hita afa-tsy eto Madagasikara. Indfreto ny sasany amin' izy ireo (miisa 64):

* *Coffea abbayesii* 
* *Coffea affinis*
* *Coffea alleizettii*
* *Coffea ambanjensis*
* *Coffea ambodirianensis*
* *Coffea ambongensis* 
* *Coffea andrambovatensis*
* *Coffea ankaranensis*
* *Coffea anthonyi*
* *Coffea arabica*
* *Coffea arenesiana*
* *Coffea augagneurii*
* *Coffea bertrandii*
* *Coffea betamponensis*
* *Coffea bissetiae*
* *Coffea boinensis* 
* *Coffea abbayesii*
* *Coffea boiviniana* 
* *Coffea bonnieri*
* *Coffea brassii*
* *Coffea buxifolia*
* *Coffea callmanderi* 
* *Coffea canephora*
* *Coffea commersoniana*
* *Coffea coursiana*
* *Coffea darainensis* 
* *Coffea decaryana*
* *Coffea dolichophylla*
* *Coffea dubardii* 
* *Coffea farafanganensis*
* *Coffea fragilis*
* *Coffea grevei* 
* *Coffea homollei*
* *Coffea humbertii*
* *Coffea jumellei*
* *Coffea kalobinonensis*
* *Coffea kianjavatensis* 
* *Coffea labatii*
* *Coffea lancifolia* 
* *Coffea leroyi*
* *Coffea liaudii*
* *Coffea littoralis,* 
* *Coffea macrocarpa*
* *Coffea mangoroensis*
* *Coffea manombensis*
* *Coffea mcphersonii*
* *Coffea microdubardii* 
* *Coffea millotii*
* *Coffea minutiflora*
* *Coffea mogenetii*
* *Coffea montis-sacri.*
* *Coffea moratii* 
* *Coffea mufindiensis* 
* *Coffea namorokensis*
* *Coffea perrieri* 
* *Coffea pervilleana*
* *Coffea pterocarpa*
* *Coffea pustulata* 
* *Coffea ratsimamangae*
* *Coffea rhamnifolia*
* *Coffea rupicola* 
* *Coffea sambavensis.*
* *Coffea tsirananae* 
* *Coffea vaughanii*

### Karazan-kafe famboly
Maro amin' ny karazana 130 ao amin' ny *Coffea* no mety amin' ny famokarana zava-pisotro, fa ny ''Coffea'' ''arabica'' no tena sarobidy indrindra. Ny karazana hafa — indrindra fa ny ''Coffea'' ''canephora'' (*robusta*) — dia ambolena amin' ny tany tsy mety amin' ny *arabica*. Ny *robusta*, izay mora vidy kokoa sy mora ambolena kokoa noho ny *arabica*, dia ampiasaina amin' ny famokarana zava-pisotro kafe vita eo noho eo. Ny fambolena ''Coffea'' ''stenophylla'', izay manana tsiro tsara toy ny *Coffea* *arabica* tsara indrindra sy mifanaraka amin' ny mari-pana isan-taona ambony kokoa (25 °C fa tsy 19 °C), dia heverina ho fanolo azo atao ho setrin' ny fiovan' ny toetany.
Karazana kafe roa ihany no tena be mpamboly, izay avy aty Afrika: ny *[[Coffea arabica]]* sy ny kafe *[[Coffea canephora]]*. Ny kafe arabika dia avy any Etiôpia ary volena indrindra any Amerika Latina. Ny kafe robusta dia volena indrindra aty Afrika, indrindra ao Kôtidivoara, sy any Atsinanana Indrindra, indrindra ao Vietnamy.

## Fambolena kafe
Efa tany amin’ ny taonjato faha-7 tal. J.K. no nambolen’ ny olona ny kafe, izay vanimpotoana namokarana azy tany Arabia, teny amoron’ ny Ranomasina Mena. Nanomboka tamin’ ny taonjato faha-15 dia niitatra nankany Iemena ny fambolena kafe, avy eo nankany amin’ny Atsinanana manontolo eto amin’ izao tontolo izao.

Nandritra ny taonjato faha-17 dia nitombo tsikelikely ny fisotroana kafe tao Eorôpa. Nanomboka namboly kefe ny Hôlandey tao amin’ ny zanataniny toa an’ i Java sy i Seilana. Nandritra ny ampahefany voalohany amin’ ny taonjato faha-18 dia nanomboka namboly kafe tany Martinika ny Frantsay. Nanomboka namboly kafe amin’ ny tany midadasika tany Jamaika ny Britanika tamin’ ny taona 1723 ary ny Espaniôla tany Filipina tamin’ io taona io ihany. Nitatra nankany Amerika Latina ny fambolena kafe, ny tao Brezily dia efa tamin’ ny taona 1723 no anomboka.

**Ny firenena mpamokatra kafe (taona 2018)**

Miovaova ny filaharan' ny firenena mpamokatra kafe araka ny habetsahan' ny vokatra, nefa i  Brezily no lohalaharana amin’ ny fambolena kafe ao Amerika Atsimo sy manerana izao tontolo izao. Niely aty Afrika koa ny fambolena kafe nandritra ny taonjato faha-20, ka i Madagasikara no lohalaharana taty Afrika, izay arakarahin’ i Kôngô sy i Kamerona ary i Angôla. Tonga tany Azia koa ny fambolena kafe, na dia tsy tena mandroso be aza, toy ny any Indônezia.Tamin' ny taompolo 2000, ny mpamokatra kafe voalohany dia i Brezily, manaraka azy i Kôlômbia, i Indônezia, i Japana, i Kôtidivoara, i Meksika, i Goatemala, i Oganda ary i Etiôpia. Ny ankabetsahan’ ny kafe vokarina maneran-tany dia avy any Amerika, ka ny kafe *arabica* no vokariny amin’ izany.

## Jereo koa

* Lisitry ny karazana ao amin' ny ''Coffea''
* Kafeala

* Kafe (voany)

* Kafe (zava-pisotro)

* Dite (zavamaniry)
* Dite (zava-pisotro)
*Lavanila
*Jirofo
*Dipoavatra