Erythroxylum

Ny ***Erythroxylum*** dia vondron-karazana zavamaniry mamony trôpikaly ao amin' ny fianakaviana *[[Erythroxylaceae]]*, ao amin' ny filaharana Malpighiales. Amin' ny karazana mihoatra ny 200 ao aminy dia maro ny ahitana misy kôkainina izay alkalôida trôpanika, ary ny roa amin' ny karazana ao anatin' io vondon-karazana io, ny *Erythroxylum coca* sy ny *Erythroxylum novogranatense*, izay samy teratany any Amerika Atsimo, no loharanon-karena ara-barotra lehibe indrindra amin' ny kôkainina sy ny dite kôka izay mpanaitra malefaka. Karazana iray hafa, ny *Erythroxylum vaccinifolium* dia ampiasaina amin' ny zavapisotro fanairana ny filan' ny nofo sy atao raokandro breziliana. Nampiasain' ny Abôrijinina aostraliana tamin' ny fanatanterahana fombafomba sy fanao samihafa ny *Erythroxylum australe*.

Loharanon-tsakafo ho an' ny olitry ny lolo sasany ny karazana ao amin' ny *Erythroxylum*, anisan' izany ny karazana lolo maromaro ao amin' ny vondron-karazana *Morpho* sy ny *Dalcera abrasa*, izay hita eny amin' ny *Erythroxylum deciduum*, ary ny karazana lolo ao amin' ny *Agrias*.

## Lisitry ny karazana
Tamin' ny taona 2021 dia nitanisa karazana 259 ny *[[Plants of the World Online]]*:

### A

* *Erythroxylum acrobeles* W.A.Gentner
* *Erythroxylum acuminatum* Ruiz & Pav.
* *Erythroxylum acutum* W.A.Gentner
* *Erythroxylum affine* A.St.-Hil.
* *Erythroxylum alaternifolium* A.Rich.
* *Erythroxylum amazonicum* Peyr.
* *[[Erythroxylum amplifolium]]* Baill. --  menanivana
* *Erythroxylum amplum* Benth.
* *Erythroxylum ampullaceum* Baker
* *Erythroxylum anceps* O.E.Schulz
* *Erythroxylum andrei* Plowman
* *Erythroxylum angelicae* Loiola
* *Erythroxylum anguifugum* Mart.
* *Erythroxylum annamense* Tardieu
* *Erythroxylum apiculatum* Diogo
* *Erythroxylum areolatum* L.
* *Erythroxylum argentinum* O.E.Schulz
* *Erythroxylum armatum* Oviedo & Borhidi
* *Erythroxylum arrojadoi* O.E.Schulz
* *Erythroxylum australe* F.Muell.
* *Erythroxylum ayrtonianum* Loiola & M.F.Sales

### B

* *Erythroxylum badium* O.E.Schulz
* *Erythroxylum banaoense* Oviedo
* *Erythroxylum bangii* Rusby
* *Erythroxylum baracoense* Borhidi
* *Erythroxylum barbatum* O.E.Schulz
* *Erythroxylum bequaertii* Standl.
* *Erythroxylum betulaceum* Mart.
* *Erythroxylum bezerrae* Plowman
* *Erythroxylum bicolor* O.E.Schulz
* *[[Erythroxylum boinense]]* H.Perrier --  taimboalavo
* *Erythroxylum boivinianum* Baill.
* *Erythroxylum bradeanum* O.E.Schulz
* *Erythroxylum brennae* D'Arcy & Schanen
* *Erythroxylum brevipes* DC.
* *Erythroxylum buxifolium* Lam.
* *Erythroxylum buxus* Peyr.

### C

* *Erythroxylum caatingae* Plowman
* *Erythroxylum calyptratum* Komada & Tagane
* *Erythroxylum cambodianum* Pierre
* *Erythroxylum campestre* A.St.-Hil.
* *Erythroxylum campinense* Amaral
* *Erythroxylum carajasense* (Plowman) Costa-Lima
* *Erythroxylum carthagenense* Jacq.
* *Erythroxylum cassinoides* Planch. & Linden
* *Erythroxylum cataractarum* Spruce ex Peyr.
* *Erythroxylum catharinense* Amaral
* *Erythroxylum cincinnatum* Mart.
* *Erythroxylum citrifolium* A.St.-Hil.
* *Erythroxylum clarense* Borhidi
* *[[Kôka (zavamaniry)|Erythroxylum coca]]* Lam. --  kokà
* *Erythroxylum coelophlebium* Mart.
* *Erythroxylum cogolloi* Jara
* *Erythroxylum columbinum* Mart.
* *Erythroxylum compressum* Peyr.
* *Erythroxylum confusum* Britton
* *Erythroxylum cordato-ovatum* Huber
* *Erythroxylum coriaceum* Britton & P.Wilson
* *[[Erythroxylum corymbosum]]* Boivin ex Baill. -- hoditrovilahy, hoditrovy, menahilatra
* *Erythroxylum couveleense* Guillaumin
* *Erythroxylum cuneatum* (Miq.) Kurz
* *Erythroxylum cuneifolium* (Mart.) O.E.Schulz
* *Erythroxylum cuspidifolium* Mart.

### D

* *Erythroxylum daphnites* Mart.
* *Erythroxylum davidii* D'Arcy & Schanen
* *Erythroxylum deciduum* A.St.-Hil.
* *Erythroxylum dekindtii* (Engl.) O.E.Schulz
* *Erythroxylum delagoense* Schinz
* *Erythroxylum densum* Rusby
* *Erythroxylum dillonii* Plowman ex Jara
* *[[Erythroxylum discolor]]* Bojer --  taimboalavo
* *Erythroxylum distortum* Mart.
* *Erythroxylum divaricatum* Peyr.
* *Erythroxylum domingense* Oviedo
* *Erythroxylum dumosum* Alain

### E

* *Erythroxylum ecarinatum* Hochr.
* *Erythroxylum elegans* Baill.
* *Erythroxylum ellipticum* R.Br. ex Benth.
* *Erythroxylum emarginatum* Thonn.
* *Erythroxylum engleri* O.E.Schulz

### F

* *[[Erythroxylum ferrugineum]]* Cav. -- hazomainty, hazombiby, hazomby, kompy, menahy
* *Erythroxylum fimbriatum* Peyr.
* *[[Erythroxylum firmum]]* Baker --  menahilahy, menahy
* *Erythroxylum fischeri* Engl.
* *Erythroxylum flavicans* Borhidi
* *Erythroxylum foetidum* Plowman
* *Erythroxylum frangulifolium* A.St.-Hil.

### G

* *Erythroxylum gaudichaudii* Peyr.
* *Erythroxylum gentryi* Jara
* *Erythroxylum gerrardii* Baker
* *Erythroxylum glaucum* O.E.Schulz
* *Erythroxylum glaziovii* O.E.Schulz
* *Erythroxylum gonoclados* (Mart.) O.E.Schulz
* *Erythroxylum gracile* O.E.Schulz
* *Erythroxylum gracilipes* Peyr.
* *Erythroxylum grandifolium* Peyr.
* *Erythroxylum grisebachii* Peyr.
* *Erythroxylum guanchezii* Plowman
* *Erythroxylum guatemalense* Lundell

### H

* *Erythroxylum hamigerum* O.E.Schulz
* *Erythroxylum haughtii* W.A.Gentner
* *Erythroxylum havanense* Jacq.
* *Erythroxylum hildebrandtii* O.E.Schulz
* *Erythroxylum hondense* Kunth
* *Erythroxylum horridum* Borhidi & Oviedo
* *Erythroxylum hypericifolium* Lam.
* *Erythroxylum hypoleucum* Plowman

### I

* *Erythroxylum impressum* O.E.Schulz
* *Erythroxylum incrassatum* O.E.Schulz

### J

* *Erythroxylum jaimei* Jara
* *Erythroxylum jamaicense* Fawc. & Rendle

### K

* *Erythroxylum kapplerianum* Peyr.
* *Erythroxylum kochummenii* Ng

### L

* *Erythroxylum laetevirens* O.E.Schulz
* *Erythroxylum lanceolatum* (Wight) Walp.
* *Erythroxylum lanceum* Bojer
* *Erythroxylum lancifolium* Peyr.
* *Erythroxylum laurel* Baill.
* *Erythroxylum laurifolium* Lam.
* *Erythroxylum leal-costae* Plowman
* *Erythroxylum leandrianum* Payens
* *Erythroxylum lenticellosum* Huber
* *Erythroxylum leptoneurum* O.E.Schulz
* *Erythroxylum ligustrinum* DC.
* *Erythroxylum lindemanii* Plowman
* *Erythroxylum lineolatum* DC.
* *Erythroxylum loefgrenii* Diogo
* *Erythroxylum longipes* O.E.Schulz
* *Erythroxylum longisetulosum* Loiola & M.F.Sales
* *Erythroxylum loretense* Plowman
* *Erythroxylum lygoides* O.E.Schulz

### M

* *Erythroxylum macrocalyx* Mart.
* *Erythroxylum macrocarpum* O.E.Schulz
* *Erythroxylum macrochaetum* Miq.
* *Erythroxylum macrophyllum* Cav.
* *Erythroxylum magnoliifolium* A.St.-Hil.
* *Erythroxylum mamacoca* Mart.
* *Erythroxylum mangorense* H.Perrier
* *Erythroxylum mannii* Oliv.
* *Erythroxylum maracasense* Plowman
* *Erythroxylum martii* Peyr.
* *Erythroxylum mattos-silvae* Plowman
* *Erythroxylum membranaceum* Plowman
* *Erythroxylum mexicanum* Kunth
* *Erythroxylum microphyllum* A.St.-Hil.
* *Erythroxylum mikanii* Peyr.
* *Erythroxylum minutifolium* Griseb.
* *[[Erythroxylum mocquerysii]]* DC. --  beandoha
* *Erythroxylum mogotense* Oviedo
* *Erythroxylum monogynum* Roxb.
* *Erythroxylum moonii* Hochr.
* *Erythroxylum mucronatum* Benth.
* *Erythroxylum myrsinites* Mart.
* *[[Erythroxylum myrtoides]]* Bojer -- hazomby

### N

* *Erythroxylum nelson-rosae* Plowman
* *[[Erythroxylum nitidulum]]* Baker --  hazomena, menalaingo, menalengo
* *Erythroxylum nobile* O.E.Schulz
* *Erythroxylum nordestinum* Costa-Lima, Loiola & M.Alves
* *Erythroxylum nossibeense* Baill.
* *Erythroxylum novocaledonicum* O.E.Schulz
* *Erythroxylum novogranatense* (D.Morris) Hieron.
* *Erythroxylum nummularia* Peyr.

### O

* *Erythroxylum obtusifolium* (Wight) Hook.f.
* *Erythroxylum occultum* Plowman
* *Erythroxylum ochranthum* Mart.
* *Erythroxylum opacum* Rusby
* *Erythroxylum oreophilum* (O.E.Schulz ex Pilg.) Steyerm. & Maguire
* *Erythroxylum orinocense* Kunth
* *Erythroxylum ovalifolium* Peyr.
* *Erythroxylum oxycarpum* O.E.Schulz
* *Erythroxylum oxypetalum* O.E.Schulz

### P

* *Erythroxylum pachyneurum* O.E.Schulz
* *Erythroxylum pacificum* D.R.Simpson
* *Erythroxylum panamense* Turcz.
* *Erythroxylum paraguariense* (Chodat & Hassl.) O.E.Schulz
* *Erythroxylum parvistipulatum* Peyr.
* *Erythroxylum passerinum* Mart.
* *Erythroxylum patentissimum* O.E.Schulz
* *Erythroxylum pauciflorum* Rusby
* *Erythroxylum pauferrense* Plowman
* *Erythroxylum pedicellare* (Griseb.) O.E.Schulz
* *Erythroxylum pelleterianum* A.St.-Hil.
* *[[Erythroxylum pervillei]]* Baill. -- famotisokaka, hary, menahy, tapiakakanga
* *Erythroxylum petrae-caballi* Plowman
* *Erythroxylum pictum* E.Mey. ex Harv. & Sond.
* *[[Erythroxylum platyclados]]* Bojer --  fisatendro, tambolana, tampia
* *Erythroxylum plowmanianum* Cogollo & Pipoly
* *Erythroxylum polygonoides* Mart.
* *Erythroxylum popayanense* Kunth
* *Erythroxylum pruinosum* O.E.Schulz
* *Erythroxylum pulchrum* A.St.-Hil.
* *Erythroxylum pungens* O.E.Schulz
* *Erythroxylum pyan* Costa-Lima
* *[[Erythroxylum pyrifolium]]* Baker -- menahilahy, sakaiala

### R

* *Erythroxylum raimondii* O.E.Schulz
* *Erythroxylum reticulatum* Northr.
* *Erythroxylum revolutum* Mart.
* *Erythroxylum rhodappendiculatum* Costa-Lima
* *Erythroxylum rignyanum* Baill.
* *Erythroxylum rimosum* O.E.Schulz
* *Erythroxylum riparium* T.Araújo & Amorim
* *Erythroxylum riverae* Jara & J.D.García-Gonz.
* *Erythroxylum roigii* Britton & P.Wilson
* *Erythroxylum roraimae* Klotzsch ex O.E.Schulz
* *Erythroxylum rosuliferum* O.E.Schulz
* *Erythroxylum rotundifolium* Lunan
* *Erythroxylum rufum* Cav.
* *Erythroxylum ruizii* Peyr.
* *Erythroxylum ruryi* Plowman

### S

* *Erythroxylum santosii* Plowman
* *Erythroxylum sarawakanum* R.C.K.Chung
* *Erythroxylum schomburgkii* Peyr.
* *Erythroxylum schunkei* Plowman
* *Erythroxylum sechellarum* O.E.Schulz
* *[[Erythroxylum seyrigi]]* H.Perrier --  famotisokaka
* *Erythroxylum shatona* J.F.Macbr.
* *Erythroxylum sideroxyloides* Lam.
* *Erythroxylum simonis* Plowman
* *Erythroxylum sinense* Y.C.Wu
* *Erythroxylum sobraleanum* Loiola & L.S.Cordeiro
* *Erythroxylum socotranum* Thulin
* *Erythroxylum sparsiflorum* Baker
* *[[Erythroxylum sphaeranthum]]* H.Perrier --  fisatendro, menahidrano, menahindrano, menahy
* *Erythroxylum splendidum* Plowman
* *Erythroxylum spruceanum* Peyr.
* *Erythroxylum squamatum* Sw.
* *Erythroxylum stenopetalum* Costa-Lima
* *Erythroxylum steyermarkii* Plowman
* *Erythroxylum stipulosum* Plowman
* *Erythroxylum striiflorum* H.Perrier
* *Erythroxylum striolatum* O.E.Schulz
* *Erythroxylum strobilaceum* Peyr.
* *Erythroxylum suberosum* A.St.-Hil., A.Juss. & Cambess.
* *Erythroxylum subglaucescens* Mart. ex Peyr.
* *Erythroxylum subracemosum* Turcz.
* *Erythroxylum subrotundum* A.St.-Hil.
* *Erythroxylum subsessile* (Mart.) O.E.Schulz
* *Erythroxylum substriatum* O.E.Schulz
* *Erythroxylum subumbellatum* O.E.Schulz

### T

* *Erythroxylum tapacuranum* Costa-Lima
* *Erythroxylum tenue* Plowman
* *Erythroxylum tianguanum* Plowman
* *Erythroxylum timothei* Loiola & M.F.Sales
* *Erythroxylum tortuosum* Mart.
* *Erythroxylum tucuruiense* Plowman

### U

* *Erythroxylum ulei* O.E.Schulz
* *Erythroxylum umbrosum* Costa-Lima & M.Alves
* *Erythroxylum umbu* Costa-Lima
* *Erythroxylum undulatum* Plowman
* *Erythroxylum urbanii* O.E.Schulz

### V

* *Erythroxylum vaccinifolium* Mart.
* *Erythroxylum vaginatum* O.E.Schulz
* *Erythroxylum vasquezii* Plowman
* *Erythroxylum vernicosum* O.E.Schulz
* *Erythroxylum virgultosum* Mart.

### W

* *Erythroxylum williamsii* Standl. ex Plowman

### X

* *Erythroxylum xerophilum* H.Perrier

### Z

* *Erythroxylum zambesiacum* N.Robson
* *Erythroxylum zeylanicum* O.E.Schulz

## Karazana misy eto Madagasikara
Eto Madagasikara, ny *Erythroxylum* dia ahitana karazana 25 ka hatramin' ny 27 araka ny fanavaozana bôtianika klasika. Saika tsy misy afa-tsy eto amin' ny Nosy avokoa ireo karazana ireo.  Anisan' ny anarana miverimberina ny hoe "menahy" na "menahi-" (menahidrano, menahilahy, menahilahy, menahilatra, menahindrano, menahivavy, menahivavy, menahy).
* *[[Erythroxylum amplifolium]]* Baill. *--* menanivana
* *[[Erythroxylum boinense]]* *--* taimboalavo
* *[[Erythroxylum boivinianum]]* Baill.
* *[[Erythroxylum buxifolium]]* Lam.
* *[[Erythroxylum capitatum]]* Baker *--* menahivavy
* *[[Kôkà|Erythroxylum coca]]* *--* kokà
* *[[Erythroxylum coffeifolium]]* *--* beandoha, hazorevaka
* *[[Erythroxylum corymbosum]]* Boivin ex Baill. *--* hoditrovilahy, hoditrovy, menahilatra
* *[[Erythroxylum discolor]]* *--* taimboalavo
* *[[Erythroxylum elegans]]* Baill.
* *[[Erythroxylum humbertii]]* Perrier (anisany ny *Erythroxylum excelsum*) *--* menahivavy
* *[[Erythroxylum ferrugineum]]* *--* hazomainty, hazombiby, hazomby, kompy, menahy
* *[[Erythroxylum firmum]]* *--* menahilahy, menahy
* *[[Erythroxylum laurifolium]]* Lam.
* *[[Erythroxylum leandrianum]]* Payens
* *[[Erythroxylum mangorense]]* H. Perrier
* *[[Erythroxylum mocquerysii]]* (var. *beando*) *--* beandoha
* *[[Erythroxylum myrtoides]]* *--* hazomby
* *[[Erythroxylum nitidulum]]* *--* hazomena, menalaingo, menalengo
* *[[Erythroxylum nitidulum]]* subsp. *monticolum* *--* menalengo
* *[[Erythroxylum pervillei]]* *--* famotisokaka, hary, menahy, tapiakakanga
* *[[Erythroxylum platyclados]]* Bojer *--* fisatendro, tambolana, tampia
* *[[Erythroxylum pyrifolium]]* *--* menahilahy, sakaiala
* *Erythroxylum retusum* F.A. Bauer ex Teijsm. & Binn. *--* menahy, montsao, tambolana
* *[[Erythroxylum seyrigii]]* H.Perrier *--* famotisokaka
* *[[Erythroxylum striiflorum]]* H. Perrier
* *[[Erythroxylum sphaeranthum]]* H.Perrier *--* fisatendro, menahidrano, menahindrano, menahy
* *[[Erythroxylum xerophilum]]* H. Perrier

## Jereo koa

* Beandoha

* Hazomainty
* Hazomby
* Hazomena
* Hoditrovy
* Menahilahy
* Menahy
* Menalaingo - menalengo
* Taimboalavo