Medusmušas

**Medusmušas, medusmušu dzimta** (*Apioceridae*) ir mušveidīgo divspārņu dzimta, kas pieder pie laupītājmušu virsdzimtas (*Asiloidea*). Tā ir neliela monotipiska dzimta, kuras sastāvā ir tikai viena **medusmušu ģints** (*Apiocera*) ar 138 aprakstītām sugām. To tuvākās radinieces ir laupītājmušas (*Asilidae*), kas atšķirībā no medusmušām ir plēsīgas.

## Izplatība
Medusmušas sastopamas sausos, smilšanos tuksneša vai pustuksneša biotopos: Ziemeļamerikas rietumpusē (Kanādā, ASV, Meksikā), Dienvidamerikā (Čīlē un Argentīnā), Dienvidāfrikā un Austrālijā.

## Kopīgās īpašības
Medusmušu pieaugušo īpatņu ķermenis ir masīvs, vidēji liels vai liels, parasti 15—30 mm garumā. Tās ārēji atgādina laupītājmušas un ir tikpat spēcīgas un skaļas lidotājas. Medusmušas barojas ar ziedu nektāru vai saldajiem augu izdalījumiem, kas nopil lejup uz zemes. Tās var ļoti bieži novērot padzeramies no mitrām smiltīm. Arī kāpuri attīstās smiltīs ūdenstilpu krastos. Atšķirībā no pieaugušajiem īpatņiem tie ir plēsīgi.

## Sistemātika
**Medusmušu ģints** (*Apiocera*)
* *[[Apiocera acuticauda]]* Cazier, 1982
* *[[Apiocera acutipalpis]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera afacialis]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera alastor]]* (Walker, 1849)
* *[[Apiocera albanyana]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera aldrichi]]* Painter, 1936
* *[[Apiocera aliena]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera alleni]]* Cazier, 1941
* *[[Apiocera ammophila]]* Cazier, 1982
* *[[Apiocera angusta]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera antennata]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera arena]]* Cazier, 1982
* *[[Apiocera arnaudi]]* Cazier, 1982
* *[[Apiocera asilica]]* Westwood, 1835
* *[[Apiocera asiloides]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera augur]]* Osten Sacken, 1886
* *[[Apiocera aurelia]]* Artigas, 1970
* *[[Apiocera auripilosa]]* Cazier, 1982
* *[[Apiocera australis]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera badipeniculata]]* Yeates, 1994
* *[[Apiocera barri]]* Cazier, 1982
* *[[Apiocera basivillosa]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera beameri]]* Painter, 1936
* *[[Apiocera bibula]]* Cazier, 1982
* *[[Apiocera bigelowi]]* Cazier, 1982
* *[[Apiocera bigotii]]* (Macquart, 1847)
* *[[Apiocera bilineata]]* Painter, 1932
* *[[Apiocera braunsi]]* Melander, 1907
* *[[Apiocera brevicornis]]* (Wiedemann, 1830)
* *[[Apiocera caboae]]* Cazier, 1982
* *[[Apiocera calida]]* Cazier, 1982
* *[[Apiocera caloris]]* Painter, 1936
* *[[Apiocera campbelli]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera canuta]]* Cazier, 1982
* *[[Apiocera cerata]]* Paramonov, 1961
* *[[Apiocera chiltonae]]* Cazier, 1982
* *[[Apiocera chrysolasia]]* Cazier, 1982
* *[[Apiocera clavator]]* Painter, 1936
* *[[Apiocera commoni]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera constricta]]* Cazier, 1985
* *[[Apiocera contrasta]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera convergens]]* Painter, 1936
* *[[Apiocera davidsonorum]]* Cazier, 1982
* *[[Apiocera deforma]]* Norris, 1936
* *[[Apiocera deserticola]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera draperae]]* Cazier, 1982
* *[[Apiocera elegans]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera englishae]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera excepta]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera exta]]* Cazier, 1941
* *[[Apiocera fallax]]* Cazier, 1982
* *[[Apiocera fasciata]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera femoralis]]* Cazier, 1982
* *[[Apiocera ferruginea]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera fisheri]]* Cazier, 1982
* *[[Apiocera flabellata]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera foleyi]]* Cazier, 1982
* *[[Apiocera franckei]]* Cazier, 1982
* *[[Apiocera fullerae]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera goerlingi]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera hamata]]* Cazier, 1982
* *[[Apiocera hardyi]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera haruspex]]* Osten Sacken, 1877
* *[[Apiocera helenae]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera hispida]]* Cazier, 1941
* *[[Apiocera horticolis]]* Cazier, 1982
* *[[Apiocera immedia]]* Hardy, 1940
* *[[Apiocera imminuta]]* Hardy, 1940
* *[[Apiocera infinita]]* Cazier, 1941
* *[[Apiocera interrupta]]* Painter, 1936
* *[[Apiocera intonsa]]* Cazier, 1941
* *[[Apiocera latifrons]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera latipennis]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera lavignei]]* Cazier, 1985
* *[[Apiocera linsleyi]]* Cazier, 1982
* *[[Apiocera longicauda]]* Paramonov, 1961
* *[[Apiocera longitudinalis]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera lugubris]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera mackerrasi]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera macswaini]]* Cazier, 1982
* *[[Apiocera maritima]]* Hardy, 1933
* *[[Apiocera maxima]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera melanura]]* Cazier, 1941
* *[[Apiocera mexicana]]* Cazier, 1954
* *[[Apiocera minckleyi]]* Cazier, 1982
* *[[Apiocera minor]]* Norris, 1936
* *[[Apiocera moderata]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera moerens]]* Westwood, 1841
* *[[Apiocera monticola]]* Artigas, 1970
* *[[Apiocera mortensoni]]* Cazier, 1982
* *[[Apiocera mulegeae]]* Cazier, 1985
* *[[Apiocera newmani]]* Norris, 1936
* *[[Apiocera nicholsoni]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera norrisi]]* Hardy, 1940
* *[[Apiocera norrisiana]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera notata]]* Painter, 1936
* *[[Apiocera oblonga]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera obscura]]* (Philippi, 1865)
* *[[Apiocera ogradyi]]* Cazier, 1982
* *[[Apiocera omniflava]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera ordana]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera orientalis]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera ornata]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera painteri]]* Cazier, 1963
* *[[Apiocera pallida]]* Norris, 1936
* *[[Apiocera parahydra]]* Cazier, 1982
* *[[Apiocera parkeri]]* Cazier, 1941
* *[[Apiocera pearcei]]* Cazier, 1941
* *[[Apiocera philippii]]* Brethes, 1924
* *[[Apiocera pica]]* Norris, 1936
* *[[Apiocera picoides]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera pilosoris]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera powelli]]* Cazier, 1982
* *[[Apiocera pruinosa]]* Cazier, 1982
* *[[Apiocera pulcherrima]]* Paramonov, 1961
* *[[Apiocera pulchra]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera reginae]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera rockefelleri]]* Cazier, 1982
* *[[Apiocera rubrifasciata]]* Cazier, 1982
* *[[Apiocera septentrionalis]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera similis]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera sonorae]]* Cazier, 1954
* *[[Apiocera spectabilis]]* Cazier, 1982
* *[[Apiocera striativentris]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera swani]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera sylvestris]]* Cazier, 1982
* *[[Apiocera tonnoiri]]* Norris, 1936
* *[[Apiocera trimaculata]]* Painter, 1936
* *[[Apiocera tropica]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera unicolor]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera varia]]* Cazier, 1985
* *[[Apiocera vespera]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera victoriae]]* Paramonov, 1953
* *[[Apiocera volucra]]* Cazier, 1982
* *[[Apiocera voragocolis]]* Cazier, 1982
* *[[Apiocera vulpes]]* Hermann, 1909
* *[[Apiocera warneri]]* Cazier, 1985
* *[[Apiocera wilcoxi]]* Cazier, 1982

## Atsauces

## Ārējās saites

*Genus: Apiocera 
*ADW: Apioceridae
*Family Apioceridae. *BugGuide.net*