Union Europea

L**'Union Europea** ie n'union sëuranaziunela y anterguviernativa de 27 stac mëmbri independënc democratics européesc.

## Storia
L'Union européa ie la majera cunfederazion de stac independënc a livel mundiel, crieda sota chëst inuem dl 1992 tres l tratà sun l'Union européa (Tratà de Maastricht). Per n grum d'aspec ejistova l'Union bele dan chësta data tres na sfilza de relazions predezessëures, pian via dal 1951.

Da l ann 2002 ie uni metu it l Euro.

Al mumënt à l'Union européa n marcià chemun unich, fat da n'union duanela, na munëida unica dirijeda da la banca zentrela européa (adurveda per l mumënt da 14 di 27 cumëmbri), na politiga agricula chemuna, na politiga de cumerz chemuna y na politiga chemuna de pëscia. Na politiga furesta y de segurëza chemuna dëssa vester l segond pilier di trëi piliers dl'Union européa. La cunvenzion de Schengen à abolì l cuntrol dl passaport y l cuntrol duanel per n valgun stac dl'Union, crian na lerch de mobilità chemuna per la vita, l lëur, i viages y l'investizions di sentadins dl'UE.

L'istituzions dl'UE plu impuratantes ie l Cunsëi dl'Union européa, la Cumission européa, la Chëurt européa dla Justizia, l Parlamënt europée, l Cunsëi europée y la Banca zentrela européa.

## Stac cumëmbri

;Notes

### Outermost regions

There are a number of overseas member state territories which are legally part of the EU, but have certain exemptions based on their remoteness; see Overseas Countries and Territories Association. These "outermost regions" have partial application of EU law and in some cases are outside of Schengen or the EU VAT area—however they are legally within the EU. They all use the euro as their currency.

### Abbreviations
Abbreviations have been used as a shorthand way of grouping countries by their date of accession.
* **EU15** includes the fifteen countries in the European Union from 1 January 1995 to 1 May 2004. The EU15 comprised Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and United Kingdom. Eurostat still uses this expression.
***EU19** includes the countries in the EU15 as well as the central European member countries of the OECD: Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovak Republic.
* **EU11** is used to refer to the Central, Eastern and Baltic European member states that joined in 2004, 2007 and 2013: in 2004 the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, the Slovak Republic, and Slovenia; in 2007 Bulgaria, Romania; and in 2013 Croatia.
* **EU27** means all the member states. It was originally used in this sense from 2007 until Croatia's accession in 2013, and during the Brexit negotiations from 2017 until the United Kingdom's withdrawal on 31 January 2020 it came to mean all members except the UK.
* **EU28** meant all the member states from the accession of Croatia in 2013 to the withdrawal of the United Kingdom in 2020.

Additionally, other abbreviations have been used to refer to countries which have limited access to the EU labour market.

* A8 is eight of the ten countries that joined the EU in 2004, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, the Slovak Republic, and Slovenia.
* A2 is the countries that joined the EU in 2007, Bulgaria and Romania.

## Fontanas
* Eric Cò, *Unione Europea. Mito o realtà?*, Italian University Press, Genova 2010
* Nicoletta Di Sotto, *Dalla periferia all'Europa. I partiti etnoregionalisti e l'Unione europea*, 2009, Rubbettino Editore, Soveria Mannelli (CZ)
* Timothy Garton Ash, *Storia del presente. Dalla caduta del muro alle guerre dei Balcani*, Mondadori, Milano 2001
* Bino Olivi, *L'Europa difficile. Storia politica dell'integrazione europea*, Il Mulino, Bologna 2001
* Sabino Cassese, *Democrazia e Unione europea*, in “Giornale di Storia costituzionale”, 2002, n. 3, pp.&nbsp;9–16.
* Sabino Cassese, *L’Unione europea come organizzazione pubblica composita*, in “Rivista Italiana di Diritto Pubblico Comunitario”, 2000, n. 5, pp.&nbsp;987–992.

## Liams
*Europa.eu

## Referënzes