Ensengekera z'Omubiri (Body Systems)

Gakuweebwa Muwanga !

Omubiri gw’omuntu oba ensolo endala yonna gubaamu obutaffaali obulina emirimu egy’enjawulo, emiwuula(tissues), n’ebitundu by’omubiri ebikolaganira awamu  okukola emirimu egy’enjawulo. Ensengekera zino zikwataganyiza wamu okukuuma omubiri gwo nga mulamu. 

Omubiri gwo gulimu ensengekera(systems) ez’enjawulo nga  ensengekera ey’enda( endocrine), ensengekera ey’obusimu(nervous), ensengekera ey’emufumbi n’ebisitukiro(musculoskeletal), ensengekera ey’ebifulumiro(urogenital), ensengekera eya kifulumya kazambi(respiratory), ensengekera ey’ennetoloola y’omusaayi(circulatory), ensengekera ey’okugumya omubiri(immune) , n’ensengekera ey’ekikamula biriisa (digestive systems)
ekiramu okubaawo.

 Ensenkekera y’ensengeka eziyinga okuba enzibuwavu mu mubiri era y’enkulaakulana esembayo waggulu okuva ku butaffaali okudda ku miwuula(tissues) okuyita ku bitundu by’omubiri eby’enjawulo okutuuka ku nsengekera.Ensengekera mu ssomabiramu kiba kibinja kya bitundu bya kiramu(organs) ebikolagana okusobozesa 

Ensengekera zikola zokka awamu n’ensengekera zinne waazo   okusobozesa omubiri gwo okukuuma embeera ey’ekibalo (homeostasis). “Embeera ey’ekibalo”(Homeostasis) kyekuusiza ku mbeeera y’omubiri gwo munda ekusobozesa awamu n’obutaffaali bwo okubeera omulamu  .

Yadde nga buli sengekera ya mubiri gwo yetaagisa okukukuuma nga oli mulamu , ensengekera y’obusimu(nervous system) y’esingayo okuba ey’omugaso. Amaaso go n’obwongo k=mu kaseera kano biri mu kusoma binyukuto bino  era bijjukira ibubaka bunobwonna ku nsengekera. Bw’okirowoozaako , era oba weyambisa ensengekera y’emifumbi(muscular system) ekuyamba okutambuza amaaso go n’okukuumira omutwe gwo waggulu  .

Ebitundu by’omubiri (organs) bitundu ku buli nsengekera.

 Omutimwa gwo gubalibwa nga ekitundu ky’omubiri (organ) so ng’ate era kitundu kya nsengekera  eyetolooza omusaayi mu mubiri (circulatory system). Ebitundu by’omubiri (organs) biyinza okukolagana n’ensengekera ez’enjawulo  ez’omubiri gwo. Ebitundu by’omubiri eby’enjawulo bingi birina obutaffaali n’emiwuula egikola emirimu egy’enjawulo. Amawuggwe ( kidneys) si bitundubutundu bya nsengekera ya kifulumya kazambi(excretory system); era zirina ebitundu eby’enjawulo ebikola mu nsengekera y’endokula  (endocrine system). 

Okutwalira awamu ensengekera z’omubiri enkulu ziri bwe ziti :

Ensengekera ey’ekikugiro

Ensengekera ey’ekikugiro (integumentary system)  ebikkirira n’eziiyiza  ekintu  kyonna okuva mu mbeera ey’ebweru okutuusa obuvunde ku mubiri n naddala ng’ekugira obuwuka obusikriktu obuleeta endwadde  n’embeera z’obudde enkaalamufu nga obunnyogovu oba ebbugumu.

 Ensengekera eno erimu olususu lwo, enviiri, enjala, n’obuvuluzi bw’entuuyo (sweat glands). Olususu lwo, enviiri n’enjala bya kukugira ate obuvuluzi obw’entuuyo bbwo  ne buba bwa kukkakkkanya tempulikya ya mubiri  n’okuyamba okufulumya  ebituuyano(waste excretion). Ng’ojjeeko ekyo enkettanyo(receptors) mu lususu lwo ziwa obubaka ku ki ekikkoonyeko , ebbugumu, obunnyogovu n’obulumi.

Ensengekera y’amasitukiro(skeletal system)

Ensengekera y’emifumbi n’ebisitukiro (musculoskeletal System) ebaamu amagumba, katulaagi (cartilage), ligamenti n’emifumbi. Ensengekera y’’ebisitukiro (skeletal system) y’ekola enkula y’omuntu oba ensolo era n’esobozesa ensolo okutambula ekyeyagalire. Nga ojjeeko okukugira ebitundu by’omubiri ebyo munda, amagumba go gayamba nga ebikwatiro by’emifumbi gyo, okutondeka obutaffaali bw’omusaayi n’okutereka kalusiyamu na fosiforaasi. 

Ensengekera y’obusimu (Nervous system).

Ensengekera eno ekung’anya n’okukola ku bubakla okuva mu sensa okuyita mu busimu (nerves) n’obwongo era n’egamba emifumbi okwesika (contract) okuisobola okuleetawo ebikolwa eby’omubiri.
Ensengekera y’obusimu ebaamu obwongo, emiraatira gy’obubaka obaomuyitiro gw’obubaka(spinal cord), amaswanso g’obusimu(nerves) ne sensa  z’omubiri ettano ng’amaaso, amatu. Olususu, olulimi . 

Ensengekera eno eyingiza , ewereza  n’okulungamya obubaka okuva mu mubiri munda ne wabweru  w’omubiri . Obwongo bwo n’emiraatira gy’obubaka(spinal code)  bye bikola ensengekera y’obusumu eyo mu makkati, so ng’ate  ensengekera y’obusimu ey’amabbali ebaamu ebitundu bya sensa byonna n’obusimu bwonna obugatta emiraatira gy’obusimu ku bitundu by’omubiri byonna  .

Ensengekera y’ekitambuzamusaayi

Ensengekera y’ekitambuzamusaayi(the circulatory system) etambuza matiiriryo mu mubiri gwo era ensengekera eno erimu omutima, omusaayi, n’emisuwa.  consists of cardiovascular and lymphatic divisions. Ekisanjabavo (lymphatic part) ekuuma omwenkanynkanyo gw’obuuvuluzi bw’ensanjabavu (lymph glands)

Okutwalira awau ensengekera y’ekitambuzamusaayi ebunyisa omusaayi okwetoloola omubiri gwo okuyita mu mutima , Atari ne veyini  okuweereza okisigyeni n’ebiriisa mu bitundu by’omubiri n’obutaffaali n’okujja ebizambi(waste) mu mitundi eby’enjawulo.

Ensengekera y’obuvuluzi(Endocrine system) 

Ensengekera y’entomeggano (the endocrine system) erimu obutimbagano bw’obuvuluzi (network of glands) , obuvulula ebikemuluzi(hormones) obuyamba mu mirimu gy’omubiri egy’enjawulo okukwanaganya ebikolebwa mu mubiri eby’enjawulo. .Ensengekera eno ekwanaganya okukula, mutereezabulamu(metabolism) , n’enkulaakulana y’embeera y’ekikazi oba ekisajja .Ensengekera y’entomeggano erimu  pancreas, testes ne ovaries n’buvulizi ako mu mutwe( the pituitary), adrenal, thyroid, parathyroid and pineal glands.

Ensengekera y’entomeggano esobozesa empuliziganya ez’ekikemiko mu mubiri okuyita mu bikemuluzi(using hormones).

Ensengekera y’emifumbi (Muscular system). 

Ensengekera y’emifumbi esobozesa omubiri okutambula ng’ekozesa emifumbi(muscles). 
Ensengekera y’ekikyusaganyampewo(Respiratory System).

“Ensengekera y’ekikyusaganyampewo” (the respiratory system)erimu amawuggwe n’emiyitiro gy’empewo(airways).Ensengekera eno esobozesa okukyusaganya  empewo(ggaasi/omukka) wakati w’omusaayi n’embeera y’omubiri ey’ebweru  ( body's external environment). Naddala ensengekera eno eyingiza okisigyeni  ate n’efulumya ggaasi endala nga kabonibbiri-okisadi (carbon dioxide).

Ensengekera  ey’ekikamulabiriisa (Digestive System)

Ensengekera ey’ekikamula biriisa(the digestive system) erimu omumwa oba akamwa, omuyitiro gwa esofaggasi(esophagus),olubuto  n’ebyenda.  Ebitundu by’omubiri bino bikusobozesa okuyingiza n’okukamula ebiriisa(to digest)  mu mmere n’okuyingiza ebiriisa bino mu mubiri .Obuvuluzi bw’amalusu(salivary glands) ., ekibumba (liver), akawago(gallbladder n’akataago(pancreas) byanguyiriza bino okubaawo nga bifulumya emibisi egiyamba okukamula mu nsengekera y’ekikamulabiriisa(into your digestive system).

Ensengekera  ey’ekizaazi(Reproductive system).

Ensengekera ey’ekizaazi (the urogenital system or reproductive system))  erimu ebitundu by’omubiri ebizaala ebito  n’okufuyisa omusulo. Ebisawo by’enkwaso (testes), amagi g’ekikazi(ovaries)  n’obuzimbe obubyekuusizaako byebisobozesa okuzaala okubaawo. Mu kitundu eky’omusulo (urinaryapart), your kidneys, akawago(bladder) n’obuyitiro((ducts) bwabwo bisobozesa okufulumya amazzi agatetaagibwa mu mubiri omuli n’ago agalimu kazambi .

Ensengekera ey’ekiremesandwadde (Immune System)

Ensengekera ey’ekiremesa ndwadde (the immune system) ekugira omubiri obutakosebwa buwuka buleeta ndwadde nga bakitiiriya ne vayiraasi. Ensengekera ya kiremesandwadde erimu  obuzimbo bw’ensanjabavu(lymph nodes) n’obutaffaali obulala obw’enjawulo obulawuna  ebitundu by’omubiri gwo  okulwanyisa obuwuka obuyinza okuleeta endwadde nga bubadde bulumbywe. Obutaffaali obw’ekiremesandwadde(immune cells)  butondeka ebizimbamubiri(proteins) eby’enjawulo ebiyamba okukuuma omubiri nga gubadde gulumbiddwa obuwuka obuleeta endwadde.