Abayudaya

**Abayudaya** muluganda ekitegeeza "Abantu ba Yuda "   kibiina kya Bayudaaya mu buvanjuba bwa Uganda, okumpi ne tawuni y'e Mbale . Banyiikivu mu nkola yaabwe, nga bakuuma kashrut era nga bakuuma Shabbat . Waliwo ebyalo eby’enjawulo ebiwerako Abayudaaya mwe babeera. Ekitundu ekyakyuka ne kidda mu ddiini y’Ekiyudaaya mu kyasa eky’amakumi abiri, abantu abasinga obungi mu kitundu kino balina akakwate n’ebibiina by’eddiini y’Ekiyudaaya eby’ennongoosereza n’abakuumaddembe.  Mu Gwomukaaga gwa 2016, Rabbi Shlomo Riskin yakulembera ekibiina kya Beit Din ekyakola okukyusa Abasodokisi eri ekitundu ky’Abaputti  eky'Abayudaaya.  

Abayudaaya bateeberezebwa okuba wakati wa 2,000 ne 3,000;  okufaananako ne baliraanwa baabwe, nabo balima n'okuluunda ebisolo. Abayudaaya abasinga basibuka mu Bagwere . Abamu, bava  Namutumba, Basoga . Boogera Oluganda, Olusoga, oba olugweere, era abamu baayiga n’Olwebbulaniya . 

## Ebibakwatako

### Ekyasa eky’ekkumi n’omwenda
Ekibiina kino ensibuko yaakyo eviira ddala ku mukulembeze w'amagye Semei Kakungulu  eyali Omuganda. Mu kusooka, Kakungulu yakyusibwa n’adda mu ddiini y’Ekikristaayo abaminsani b’Abangereza nga mu mwaka gwa 1880. Yali alowooza nti Abangereza bagya kumukkiriza okubeera omukulembezze w’ebitundu bya Bukedi ne Bugisu, bye yali abawangulidde mu lutalo. Wabula Abangereza bwe baateeka ekoma ku ttaka lye, nebaliteeka ku sayizi entono era ne bagaana okumukkiriza okubeera omukulembeze nga webaali baamusubiza, Kakungulu n’atandika okubesalawo.

### Ekyasa eky’amakumi abiri
Mu 1913, Semei Kakungulu yafuuka mmemba w’ekiwayi ky’Abamalaki, ekyagoberera ng'enkola y’enzikiriza eyagatta ebintu eby’eddiini y’Ekiyudaaya, Obukristaayo, ne Sayansi w’Ekikristaayo, okusinga, okugaana okukozesa eddagala ly’amawanga g’omubugwanjuba (nga yeesigamiziddwa ku nyiriri entono ezaggyibwa mu Ndagaano Enkadde). Kino kyavaako obutakkaanya n’Abangereza, Abamalaki bwe baagaana okugema ente zaabwe. Kyokka bwe yayongera okusoma Bayibuli, Kakungulu yatuuka n’okukkiriza nti empisa n’amateeka ebyogerwaako mu Bitabo Ebitaano ebya Musa ( Tawreeti ) byali bituufu ddala. Mu 1919, Kakungulu bwe yanywerera ku kukomolebwa nga bwe kyalagirwa mu Bayibuli y’Olwebbulaniya, Abamalaki baagaana era ne bamugamba nti singa bakomolebwa, bagya kubeera ng’Abayudaaya . Kakungulu n'addamu nti, "Awo, ndi Muyudaaya!" Yakomola batabani bbe naye kennyini n’alangirira nti ekitundu kye kyali kya Bayudaaya. Okusinziira ku Henry Lubega,  "yaddukira wansi w'olusozi Elgon n'asenga mu kifo ekiyitibwa Gangama gye yatandikira ekiwayi ekyeyawula ekimanyiddwa nga Kibina Kya Bayudaaya Abesiga Katonda (Ekibiina ky'Abayudaaya abeesiga Mukama)." Abangereza baanyiiga nnyo olw’ekikolwa kino era mu butuufu ne basalako enkolagana yonna naye n’abagoberezi be.

Okutuuka kw'Omuyudaaya omugwira amanyiddwa nga "Yosef", ateeberezebwa okuba nga yava mu nsi ya Ashkenazi, mu 1920 kyayamba nnyo mu kitundu kino okufuna okumanya ku sizoni y'ennaku enkulu z'Abayudaaya, nga Pesach, Shavuot, Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, ne Sukkot, mwe zibeera. Ensonda mu kitundu ky’Abayudaaya zikakasa nti Omuyudaaya eyasooka okukyalira ekitundu kino ye Yosef, eyasula n’okusomesa ekitundu kino okumala emyezi nga mukaaga, era yandirabise ng’eyasooka kuleeta kalenda y’Abayudaaya mu kitundu ky’Abayudaya. 

Okweyongerayo, amateeka agakwata ku kashrut gaasooka kwanjulwa Yosef mu bantu. Abantu b’omukitundu bakyagenda mu maaso n’okukola kashrut olwaleero. Enjigiriza ya Yosef yasikiriza Semei Kakungulu okutandikawo esomero eryakola ng’ekika kya Yeshiva, n’ekigendererwa eky’okuyisa n’okusomesa obukugu n’amagezi agasooka okuva ewa Yosef.

Oluvannyuma lwa Kakungulu okufa ekirwadde kya tatanaansi mu 1928, Samson Mugombe Israeli, omu ku bayigirizwa be, yafuuka omukulembeze w’eby’omwoyo mu kitundu, ekyeyawula olw’okwekuuma.

Mu 1962, Arye Oded, Omuyisirayiri ng’asoma mu yunivasite y’e Makerere, yakyalira Abayudaaya n’asisinkana Samson Mugombe. Guno gwe gwali omulundi ogusoose Abayudaaya okusisinkana Omuyisirayiri, era omulundi ogusoose ekitundu kino okusisinkana Omuyudaaya omugwiira okuva ku Yosef. Oded yayogerako ne Mugombe okumala akabanga n’abakulembeze abalala era n’abannyonnyola engeri Abayudaaya mu Yisirayiri gyebeenyigiramu mu eddiini y’Ekiyudaaya. Olwo Oded n'awandiika ekitabo ("Eddiini n'eby'obufuzi mu Uganda,") n'ebiwandiiko ebiwerako  eby'ekitundu n'empisa zaabwe ekyabayingiza mu Bayudaaya bw'omunsi yonna.

Wabula mu myaka gye 1970 batibwa Idi Amin, eyawera emikolo gy’Abayudaaya n’okusaanyaawo amakuŋŋaaniro . Abamu ku bantu b'omu Bayudaaya baakyuka ne bafuuka Abakristaayo oba Abasiraamu nga boolekedde okuyigganyizibwa mu ddiini . Kyokka, ekibinja ekikulu ekyalimu bammemba nga 300 kyekyasigala nga kyewaddeyo eri eddiini y’Ekiyudaaya, nga basinza mu nkukutu era nga batya nti baandizuulibwa balirwaana baabwe ne babaloopa eri ab’obuyinza. Ekibinja kino oluvannyuma kyatuuma erinnya " She'erit Yisrael "  — Abasigalira ba Yisirayiri — ekitegeeza Abayudaaya (Abannayuganda) abasigaddewo.

Ekitundu kino kyeza obugya mu myaka gye 1980.

### Ekyasa kya 21

Abantu nga 400 ab’omu kitundu ky’Abayudaaya baakyusibwa mu butongole abalabbi bataano ab’ettabi ly’eddiini y’Ekiyudaaya erya Conservative mu Gwokubiri gwa 2002,  era okukyusibwa kwa balabbi aba Conservative kwagenda mu maaso mu myaka egyaddirira.  Mu myaka gya 1990 baali ba luganda n’ekibiina ky’Abayudaaya ekya Messianic (Ekikristaayo) ekyakulemberwa David Finkelstein.

Mu 2017, abantu bano babeera kumpi n’ekkuŋŋaaniro lya Stern Synagogue eryaakazimbibwa ku lusozi Nabugoye ebweru w’e Mbale n’ekkuŋŋaaniro eririraanyewo ku kyalo Namanyonyi nga kwogase n’abalala babeera Nasenyi, Nalubembe, Buseta, Nangolo n’ekitundu ky’Abasodokisi kyokka, Putti, byonna mu Disitulikiti y’e Pallisa. Ekyalo eky’omunaana, Namutumba, nga kiriko ekkuŋŋaaniro, kiri mu kyalo Magada, nga 70&nbsp;km mu bukiika kkono. Ekisembayo, ekyalo eky’omwenda, Apac, kiri wala mu bukiika ddyo bwa Mbale. Okubala abantu kwakolebwa mu 2015 abantu b’oku kyalo, kwalaga nti abantu bonna awamu baali 1067.

Namutumba, ekyalo ekisinga obunene, kitundu kya Bayudaaya ekikulaakulana nga kirimu abantu nga 244 nga balina ekkuŋŋaaniro erikozesebwa ennyo. Ekitundu kizimbye esomero lya pulayimale erikwatagana n’enzikiriza - Tikkun Olam Primary School (TOPS) nga liweereza ekitundu ky'ekyalo ekisinga obunene, kirina obukulembeze bw’abavubuka obunyiikivu mu nkulaakulana eby'enfuna era kifuba okutuumbuula obulamu bw’abantu baakyo bonna mu kitundu. Yoash Mayende ye Dayirekita wa TOPS, nga somero erijudde obulungi. Rabbi Levi Shadrach Mugoya ye mukulembeze waabwe mu by'eddiini mu kiseera kino. Omukadde Rabbi Eri yalonda Saddulaaki okumuddira mu bigere, “ekitiibwa kinene era eky'obuvunaanyizibwa obw’amaanyi.” Shadrach yasomera mu Uganda Christian University era yatikkirwa ddiguli mu Kukola entegeka ya pulojekiti  n'okutandikawo emirimu mu 2013. Yasomera mu yeshiva y’omukulu Abayudaya Rabbi, Gershom Sizomu. Kati Saddulaaki agenda mu maaso n’okusoma kwe ne ALEPH (Alliance for Jewish Renewal) asobole okukulembera obulungi abantu be nga rabbi waabwe. Ekibiina kya Conservative Yeshivah mu Yisirayiri yamukirizza okusoma mu  2017 ne 2018.

Gershom Sizomu, omukulembeze ow’eby’omwoyo ow’Abayudaaya ne Rosh Yeshiva, yawandiisibwa mu pulogulaamu ya Ziegler School of Rabbinic Studies ey’okusoma n'okutikirwa oluvannyuma lw'emyaka etaano mu American Jewish University e Los Angeles mu California gye yasomera Olwebbulaniya, ebitabo bya balabbi, Bayibuli, obufirosoofo bw’Abayudaaya, n’amasomo amalala.ng'amaliriza enteekateeka eno, yafuna okutuuzibwa kwe nga Rabbi wansi w’obulabirizi bw’ekibiina kya Conservative mu Gwokutaano mu 19, 2008, n’adda mu Uganda okukulembera ekibiina ky’Abayudaaya. Ye Rabbi omuddugavu eyasooka ng'ava mu mawanga ga Afrika agali wansi w'eddungu.  Era ye mukulembezze wa Rabbi eyasooka mu Uganda.  Mu Gwokubiri, 2016 yalondebwa ng'omubaka wa Palamenti mu Uganda ng'akiikirira Bungokho North ebweru wa Mbale. 

Ekkuŋŋaaniro epya erya Stern Synagogue lyatumibwa erinnya lya Ralph ne Sue Stern, Abayudaaya Abamerika abaawaayo ddoola 100,000, kati lizze mu kifo ky’ekkuŋŋaaniro ettono erya Moses Synagogue ku lusozi Nabugoye okutuuka mu 2017. Abalala abakulu abaawaayo ssente ye Eyal, Yael, Leya ne Aely Aronoff. Ekitongole kya Julius ne Ray Charlstein Foundation. Naty ne Debbie Saidoff be baali bakola. Ekkuŋŋaaniro lino, okusinziira ku Rabbi Sizomu, lye lisinga obunene mu mawanga agali mu bukiika kkono bw'eddundu lya Sahara mu Afrika

Enkulaakulana endala yali yakusiima Putti Abayudaaya okusoboka e Yisirayiri n’Abayudaaya Abasodokisi munsi, olw’okufuba kwa Rabbi Shlomo Riskin, eyatandikawo Chief Rabbi wa Efrat era akulira ettendekero lya Ohr Torah Stone, ng’akwatagana n’ekitongole ekiyamba ku kyalo kya Putti (PVAO). Enteekateeka eno yafunamu obuzibu mu 2018 minisitule y'ensonga z'omunda mu Yisirayiri bwe yasalawo nti aba Putti Abayudaaya  wekitaali kibiina kya Bayudaaya ekimanyiddwa era bwe kityo okukyusa kwabwe "tekumanyiddwa n'ekigendererwa eky'okufuna ekifo mu Yisirayiri".  Ekitundu kifugibwa olukiiko olulondeddwa, nga mu kiseera kino lukubirizibwa Tarphon Kamya. Ekyalo Putti kifunye obuwagizi okuva ebweru okuva mu PVAO. 

## Ebitongole
Ng’oggyeeko amakuŋŋaaniro ag'emirundi etaano, amasomero g’Abayudaaya gatandikiddwawo nga gayambibwako ebweru okuva mu bantu ssekinnoomu n’ebibiina omusomesebwa amasomo ag’ensi n’ag’Ekiyudaaya. Obutafaananako masomero mangi agaddukanyizibwa Abakristaayo, okuyiga Olwebbulaniya n’eddiini y’Ekiyudaaya kya kwesalirawo eri abayizi abatali Bayudaaya. Abayizi Abakristaayo, Abasiraamu n’Abayudaaya basomera mu masomero gano. Okusomera obweereere kuweebwa ensonda ez’ebweru zisobozesezza abayizi abamu nabo okugenda mu yunivasite. Bino ebigoberera by'ebimu ku bitongole by’omukitundu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino:

* Esomero lya Hadassah Primary School erisangibwa wakati wa Nabugoye ne Namanyonyi
* Esomero lya Semei Kakungulu High School (Olusozi Nabugoye) .
* Esomero lya Tikkun Olam Primary School (Namutumba) 
* A Yeshiva (ku lusozi Nabugoye) Ekizimbe kya Yeshiva kitekebwaamu ssente eziva mu nteekateeka ya United Synagogue Youth Tikun Olam
* Eddwaliro ly'Abayudaaya epya (Kampala) Galilee Community General Hospital
* Ekuŋŋaaniro epya ery’Abasodokisi ly’Abayudaaya erisangibwa wakati ddala mu Kampala
* Eddwaaliro lya Tobin Medical Center erisangibwa e Mbale ng'aba Be'chol Lashon beebaliteekamu ssente 

## Enkolagana y’abantu b’omukitundu
Baliraanwa Abakristaayo n’Abasiraamu lumu baatunuulira ng'Abayudaaya n’okunyooma n’obukyayi, kyokka enkolagana eteredde nnyo era abamu batunuulira aba Abayudaaya mu ngeri ey’ekitiibwa n’okwegoomba.  Era kisaana okumanyibwa nti ekitundu kibadde kikula ku sipiidi etali ya kukyukakyuka. Abayudaaya mu kiseera Idi Amin weyava mu buyinza bw'okubeera pulezidenti baali 300 bokka, Abayudaaya beeyongeddeko obungi nebawera abantu 2,000 okuva mu kaseera ako.

Mu 2002 emboozi y’Abayudaya yayogerwaako mu kitabo ekiyitibwa *Abayudaya: Abayudaaya ba Uganda*, nga mulimu n'ebifaananyi n’ebiwandiiko bya munamawulire akuba n’ebifaananyi Richard Sobol n’obutambi bw’ennyimba obwakolebwa Jeffrey Summit era ne bufulumizibwa Abbeville Press. Sobol ayongedde okutalaaga n'okusomera ng'akozesa emikutu egy'enjawulo okuyambako Abayudaaya ba Uganda okuva mu kweyawula.

Mu 2007, ttiimu eyetongodde ekola ffirimu eyitibwa Marion Segal Productions, yakola ffirimu ey’ebiwandiiko ku Bayudaaya ku mukutu gw'omukutu gwa South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC-TV). Omutwe gwayo, Ekula lya Afrika,  "Pearls of Africa," gujuliza nti ekitundu kino ekya Africa era kimanyiddwa nga Ekula lya Afrika. Ekiwandiiko kino kyalagirwa era nekiwandikibwa omukozi wa ffirimu, Guy Lieberman, ng’ali wamu n'afulumya ffirimu Marion Segal, bombi Bayudaaya ba South Afrika. Mu kiwandiiko kino mulimu emboozi ne Aaron Kintu Moses, JJ Keki, Enosh K. Mainah, n’abakulembeze abalala Abayudaaya, bombi mu kitundu ky’olusozi Nabugoye ne mu kitundu ky’e Putti. Era mulimu n’emboozi empaanvu zebaakola ku bakyala ababiri abaalaga enteekateeka zaabwe eza Sabbiiti, nga boogera ku kusoma kw’abaana baabwe, n’okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku ludda olw’omukwano olw’obufumbo bw’Abayudaaya n’obwetaavu bw’okufuna mikveh. Ekiwandiiko kino kyaleeta obwagazi bungi mu kibiina ky’Abayudaaya mu South Afrika era ne kisikiriza bammemba okuwaayo ssente n’ebintu ebirala (okugeza ng'ebitabo) eri Abayudaya. Oluvannyuma lw’ekiwandiiko kino, ekibiina ky’Abayudaaya mu South Afrika nakyo kyakyaza babiri ku mulembe omuto ogwa Abayudaaya okugabana emboozi zaabwe ku mikolo gy’Abayudaaya egy’omu kitundu.

Mu 2003, J. J. Keki, omu ku baali mu kibiina ky’Abayudaaya, kyakulembera kaweefube w’okutondawo ekibiina ky’obwegassi ekyegatibwaamu abalimi b'emwaanyi mu kitundu ekyo, nga si ba Bayudaaya mbu bokka beebalima emwaayi, wabula n’abalimi b'emwaayi Abakristaayo n’Abasiraamu. Ekyavaamu ye Mirembe Kawomera, mu luganda nga kye "Emirembe Egiwooma".  Nga bakolagana ne kampuni ya, Thanksgiving Coffee Company eya Fort Bragg, California, ekibiina ky'obwegasi kino kikola mu kuleeta obugagga obupya eri bammemba b’amadiini gonna. 

## Obulamu mu ddiini n'enono
Ng'ekitundu ekyo kyeyongera enkolagana yaakyo n’enkolagana yaakyo n’ebitundu by’Abayudaaya eby’ebweru, kwe kugamba mu Amerika ne Yisirayiri, endowooza n’empisa zaakyo ez’eddiini byakyuka ne bidda mu ddiini y’Ekiyudaaya enkulu. Bammemba bagenda mu kusaba kwa Shabbat okwabuli kiseera ku Lwokutaano akawungeezi n’Olwomukaaga.  Ababeera bazze okusaba bagyamu engatto nga tebinnayingira mu kkuŋŋaaniro.  Enono eno kirowoozebwa nti yali ekolebwa Abayudaaya mu biseera bya Bayibuli ng'era ekyakolebwa nakati n’okutuusa kati ekolebwa ebitundu by’Abayudaaya ebitonotono. Abayudaaya bagoberera kashrut ne basala ebisolo byabwe okusinziira ku ekyo.  

## Muziki
Muziki abadde kintu kikulu mu bulamu bw’Abayudaaya. Mu myaka egiyise, ekitundu kino kifulumizza obutambi bwamirundi ebbiri  nga bwetololera ku miramwa gy’eddiini.Olumu kubutambi, lwatumibwa, *"Abayudaaya: Music from the Jewish people of Uganda"* lwafulumizibwa Jeffrey Summit era n'erulondebwa okubeera olutambi lw'ensi yonna nga luliko ennyimba z'ekinaansi ku mikolo eya 47th Grammy Awards. 

Ekitundu ky’Abayudaaya kyongedde okusiimibwa n’okuweebwa ekitiibwa mu kibiina ky’Abayudaaya olw’omulimu gwa Noam Katz, omuyimbi Omuyudaaya Omumerika. Akatambi ak'omu 2005, *Mirembe* ("emirembe" mu Luganda), yalimu Abayudaaya mu nnyimba zaayo ezisinga obungi. Ng’ogyeeko okusoma mu seminaliyo, Katz atambudde mu North America yonna, era akola n'ebivulu by'okwetoloola  ebiraga muziki w'Abayudaaya.

Muziki w'Abayudaaya wanjawulo nnyo mu Afirika era mu kiseera kye kimu w'Abayudaaya. Ennyimba nnyingi zigatta ebigambo by’Oluganda n’ebigambo by’Olwebbulaniya . Okugata ku ekyo, Zabbuli n’okusaba by'olekera okubeera ebyawukana kungeri gyebikubamu mu Afrika. Muziki atwalibwa okubeera eky'amaanyi mu kitundu olw’ensonga ezitali zimu. Abamu ku bakadde b'ekitundu kino bategeezezza nti muziki yabayamba ng'okuyita mu mbeera ezitaali nyangu ekyabawalirizibwa okuguma mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bwa Idi Amin .

## Laba nebino

* Enteekateeka ya Uganda

## Ebujuliziddwaamu

## Okweyongerayo mu kusoma

* Sobol, Richard, ne Summit, Jeffrey A.: *Abayudaya:Abayudaaya ba Uganda* 
* Oded, Arye: "Eddiini n'ebyobufuzi mu Uganda: Okunoonyereza ku Busiraamu n'eddiini y'Ekiyudaaya" 1995, East African Educational Publishers, Nairobi
* Oded, Arye: "Abayudaya ba Uganda," IAFA, Yerusaalemi, 2003 (mu Lwebbulaniya)
* Parfitt, Tudor: "Abayudaaya Abaddugavu mu Afrika ne Amerika", Harvard University Press 2013

## Ewalala w'oyinza okubigya

* Abayudaaya: Abayudaaya ba Uganda The Jewish Museum London, 2019
* Putti Village Assistance Organization Mulimu pulojekiti nnyingi eziyamba Abayudaya n’ebikumi n’ebikumi by’obutambi n’ebifaananyi.
* Ekitabo ky'ebifaananyi ekya BBC nga kirimu Abayudaya
* Abayudaya: Abayudaaya ba Uganda Ebifaananyi bya Richard Sobol okuva mu kitabo kye
* Gershom Sizomu, Munnayuganda Abayudaya eyasooka okutuuzibwa mu Ziegler School of Rabbinic Studies American Jewish University, 2007
* Abasodokisi mu Mbale (Abayudaya) Abayudaya mu Kampala. Omukutu gw'Abayudaaya mu Kampala 2013
* Abayudaaya ba Uganda ababuze by Kim Harrisberg. Buli lunaku Maverick 14 April 2014
* Abayudaaya Abayudaya mu Uganda be baani? Ebyafaayo by’ekitundu nga bwe byajjukirwa Rabbi Gershom Sizomu n’amawulire amajjuvu ku pulojekiti z’ebyobulamu n’okutumbula ebyenfuna bya Be’chol Lashon n’abantu b’omu Abayudaya (okuva mu kifo ekikadde ekya Be’chol Lashon)
* Abayudaya Emiko ku mukutu gwa Be'chol Lashon oguliwo kati
* Abayudaya Links ku mukutu gwa Kulanu