Ebyobufuna bya Buganda eyedda(the Political economy of precolonial Uganda)

Ng’abafuzi b’amatwale tebannaba kujja, entabaganya z’abantu ab’enjawulo kati abakola eggwanga eryetongovu, Uganda, zaali zirina obukulembeze obw’engeri emu oba endala, naddala mu bitundu ebyalimu abafuzi ab’ensikirano nga obwakabaka, obugaabe n’obukama.

Mu butuufu entabaganya ez’enjawulo mu bukiikaddyo zaalimu obwakabaka, obugabe oba obukama ate endala naddala mu bukiikakkono nga nabo balina obukulembeze obw’engeri omu oba endala yadde nga buno tebwali ku mutindo nga obwo obwaliwo mu bukiikaddyo.

Yadde ng’abantu, okusinga baali “bannimayakulya” (subsistence farmers), waaliwo ekyefaananyirizaako yindisitule oba obukolero mu bwakabaka obw’enjawulo. Eky’okulabirako mu Buganda mwabangamu okusaanuusa kkalwe naddala mu Kyaggwe era baakolanga obwambe, enkumbi, n’ebyokulwanyisa ng’amafumu. Abaganda era baalinga babumbi awamu n’okubajja amaato ge baakozesanga ku nnyanja n’emigga egiri mu Buganda.

Olw’okuba nga e Toro waaliyo kkopa, abatooro baali bafuuse abasaanuusi ba kkopa. Abanyoro baalina kkalwe (iron) era nabo baasaanusanga kkalwe ne bakola amafumu n’enkumbi. Abanyoro era baabumbanga n’okutunda omunnyo ebweru.

Abasoga baali bazimbi b’amaato era nga batunda agamu ku maato agakozesebwanga ku nnyenja Nalubaale ne kyoga.

Waaliwo okuwanyisaganya obutereevu wakati w’abaweesi, abalimi, n’abalaalo. Olw’okuba buli kitundi kyali kirina eky’enjawulo kye kikola, obusuubuzi bwali bweyongedde era nga bwali bumaze ebikumi n’ebikumi by’emyaka nga bugenda mu maaso wakati w’entabaganya ez’enjawulo. 

Ebintu ebyavanga mu Buganda okutundibwa ebweru byalimu embugo, ebyennyanja ebikalu okuva mu nnyanja Nalubale, Wamala n’emigga ate, omunyo okuva mu nyanja Katwe kyali kya tunzi kuva Toro. Bunyoro yatundanga mafumu, bwambe na nkumbi. Mu Ankole, bawanyisanga amata, ennyama, amaliba n’omuzigo n’entabaganya z’abalimi okufuna amafumu. 

Era waaliwo okusuubula wakati w’entabaganya z’olubalama lwa Semayanja ya Buyindi n’entabaganya ezo munda, naddala mu masanga ge’enjovu ng’abaddugavu bawanyisaganya n’abawalabu engoye.
Abafuzi b’amatwale we bajjira wano, entabaganya za Afrika ey’abaddugavu eziwerako, omuli n’ezimu ku za Uganda nga Bunyoro, Ankole, ne Buganda, zaali zirina ebyobufuna ebirambulukufu. Wansi mu 4.1 njagala okulambulula ebyobufuna by’entabaganya emu, eya Buganda eyedda, okulaga ekifaananyi ekyali mu bitundu bya Afrika eby’enjawulo.

EKY’OKULABIRAKO: EBYOBUFUNA BYA BUGANDA EYEDDA 

Okuva edda n’edda nga ebyobufuna by’abantu ba Uganda nga byesigamye ku bya bulimi na bulunzi, okusuubulagana okutono, okuweesa, ku nkolagana mu mawanga agaliraaniganye mu ngeri emu oba endala.

Ebyobufuna by’abantu ba Uganda ng’abafuzi b’amatwale tebannaba kujja wano, okubitegeera obulungi olina okusooka okunnyonnyoka ebyobufuzi bwa Buganda, ekyali ekifundikwa ky’eggwanga Uganda okuva mu ntandikwa.

Mu kunnyonnyola ebyobufuna bya Buganda ka nsooke na kunnyonnyola erinnya ly’eggwanga, “Buganda” nzizeeko ensibuko y’abantu abayitibwa abaganda.Ky’olina okusooka okumanya kwe kuba nti abaganda bali mu kibinja ky’abantu abayitibwa “Bantu”. Ebyafaayo bikakasa nti abantu bano abayitibwa Bantu mu ntandikwa baava mu bibira bya Kongo (DRC). 

Olulimi lwa Bantu lwe lumu naye buli kabinja akaava e Kongo oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera ekiwanvu ekiri eyo mu myaka nkumi na nkumi, kaafuna enjatula n’ebigambo ebimu eby’enjawulo olw’embeera ez’enjawulo ezaasangibwa eyo buli kabinja gye kaagumba. Eno y’ensoga lwaki Buganda eyedda teyakulirirzanga nnyo njawukana z’erina n’abantu abagyetoolodde nga abanyakitala, abagisu n’abalala kubanga yakizuula nti mu lulimi ffena twesanga mu kibinja kye kimu nga buli kabinja kawuliziganya n’akalala mu kwogera.

Oluvannyuma lw’emyaka mingi nga bagumbulukuse okuva mu bibira by’e Kongo, abantu abaasenga wano okukola Buganda bateeberezebwa kuba nga baali mu bibinja bisatu: ekibinja ekyasooka ekyayingirira e Ssese kye kya bannansangawawo abayitibwanga “abalasangeye.

Bano bateeberezebwa okuba nga bayingira mu bizinga by’e Ssese emyaka mingi nga tebanajja ku lukalu lwa Buganda era be baasooka okusenga wano. Ate ekibinja ekyaddako kye ky’abo abajja ne Kabaka Kintu, n`ekyekusatu be bajja ne Kimera okuva e Bunyoro.

Ensibuko y`erinnya Buganda nzibu nnyo okutegeera ng`ensibuko y`abantu abaganda bweri. Okusooka, okutuuka Ssekabaka Kintu bwe yafuuka Kabaka, kigambibwa nti Buganda yali eyitibwa “Muwawa”. Muwawa lyali ggwanga ttono, omwali amasaza, Mawokota, Busiro Kyaddondo n`ebizinga bya Ssese. (Soma munno wa January 1915 empula 6-8 nga kizito Tobi awandiika ku “Ensi Muwawa Buganda”.   

Waaliwo amasomo ga njawulo ku nsibuko y`erinnya Buganda.Okusinziira ku ssomo erimu, omu ku bafuzi ba Buganda eyasembayo okufugira mu bizinga bya ssese yali ayitibwa Buganda. Bwe yava e Ssese olubiri lwe yaluteeka Lunnyo emabega wa Poliisi y’Entebe. Obutafaanana na muganda we Bemba Musota eyamuddira mu bigere, Buganda yali mufuzi wa dembe eyafuga eggwanga “Muwawa” mu ddembe. 

Muganda wabwe omulala Kintu eyaliwo yaddukira ebweru wa Muwawa n’akola ejje eryatta omubi Bbemba Musota abantu ne basalwo eggwanga ne Balibbula mu Sekabaka wabwe Buganda eyali Kabaka ow’eddembe, ne lifuuka Buganda, eggwanga eryeddembe ate abantu bbo ne beeyita Abaganda abantu ab’eddembe.

Abalala bagamba nti yali Kabaka Mukama eyakyusa Muwawa ng’amaze okuzaala omwana we Buganda n’addira erinnya lya mutabani we n’aliwa n’eggwanga. Mukama yali azaala Kato Kintu, Bemba, Kintu ne Buganda. Omulongo wa Kintu omulala y’avaamu abakama ba Bunyoro.

Kyokka ate waliwo essomo erigamba nti erinnya Buganda lyava mu kitundu ekiyitibwa Ganda Kimera we yateeka olubiri lwe ng’akomyewo okuva e Bunyoro.

Ate essomo eddala ligamba nti ku njegoyego z’ennyanja Nalubaale mu bitundu bya Nnyanza ku mbalama waliyo ekintundu kye bayita “Bugando”. Kigambibwa, wano abantu abasenga wano we baafumbekera okumala ebbanga eddene nga tebannaba kugenda mu bizinga bya e Ssese. Kiteeberezebwa nti erinnya Buganda lirina ensibuko yalyo mu kitundu kino ekiri mu Victoria Nnyanza, ng’erinnya ly’ekifo abantu bano abalasangeye we baasooka okubeera. 

Ate ddyo essomo eddala ligamba nti ekigambo Buganda kiva mu kigambo “omuganda”, ekitegeeza ebintu ebiggattidwa awamu nga tekisoboka kubigattulula olw’okuba nga Buganda yakolebwa abantu ab’obuwangwa obwali obw’enjawulo abeegatta awamu okukola Obuganda, bonna awamu ne bayitibwa Baganda, n’obuwangwa bwabwe ne bufuuka bumu, obw’abaganda.

Kyokka abaganda banji balowooza nti abantu abajja ne Kintu n’abo abajja ne Kimera, bonna Balasangeye abaali basasanye mu bitundu olw’ensonga emu oba endala nga kuno kwali kudda ku butaka.
Mu butuufu Buganda ekolebwa abantu ab’enjawulo, omuli Bannakyaggwe, Abasese, Abakooki, Abawokota, Abavuma, Bannabugerere, Bannagomba, Bannabutambala n’abalala bonna wamu abayitibwa Abaganda nga boogera olulimi oluganda mu buwangwa bwa Buganda mu bukulembeze bwa Kabaka waabwe.

Ate era Buganda nsi ya ddembe “ate” abaganda bantu ab’eddembe okujjako nga waliwo abatabadde awo ne balaga obumu bwabwe; anti tuli Buganda

Nga tweyambisa emiramwa gye tumaze okulaba waggulu tuyinza okukuba ttooki mu byobufuna bya Buganda eyedda.  Abazungu we bajjira wano Buganda yalina omusingi gw’ebyenfuna ne sebasitula (economic base and superstructure) ebirambulukufu obulungi. 

Mu “sebasitula” oba “sebuzimbe” mwalimu obukulembeze obulambulukufu obulungi nga ku ntikko waliyo Kabaka ate nga waliwo ebitongole ebikuumaddembe, eby’amateeka ne kooti, eddiini eya Katonda ow’obwanamunigina, n’ebyobuwangwa.

Omusingi gw’ebyenfuna gwali tegwesigamye nnyo ku tekinologiya wa mulembe nga aliwo kati naye era abaganda baalina tekinologiya ow’omulembe ogwo gwebeyambisanga okukola ebikozesebwa mu kulima n’okuweesa enkumbi, obwambe, n’ebyokulwanyisa awamu n’okukomaga embugo omwakolebwanga ebyambalo. 

Sijja kwerabira nti waaliwo n’okusuubulagana n’amawanga agatwetoolodde nga bwe tugenda okulaba wano wansi.

Emikwanaganyo gy’Entabaganya oba enkolagana mu ntabaganya (social relations) mulamwa oguva mu kikolwa eky’okukwanaganya era oyinza okukiyita “enkolagana z’entabaganya, emikwanaganyo gy’entabaganya, emikwanaganyo gy’ebyenfuna (enkolagana z’ebyenfuna). 

Enkolagana z’ebyenfuna (emikwanaganyo gy’ebyenfuna) giyinza okubaamu okutataaganya era gino giyitibwa “emikwanaganyo emitataaganya” (antagonistic relations) era ekiyitibwa enkolagana entataaganya (antagonistic relations).

Emikwanaganyo oba enkolagana z’ebyenfuna bwe zitabaamu kutataaganya ziyitibwa enkolagana ezitali ntataaganya (unantagonistic relations) oba enkolagana ez’omukwano (friendly relations).

Enkolagana z’ebyenfuna ziyinza okuba wakati w’abakozi n’abakozesa naye nga teziriimu ntataaganya yonna. Zino ziba nkolagana za mukwano. Kyokka bwe zibaamu entataaganya kiba kibi eri entabaganya. 

Okukontana okubeerawo wakati w’abakozi n’abakozesa, abagagga n’abaavu kuyinza obutabaamu ntataaganya yonna. Mu kukontana kuno entabaganya ebaamu emitendera era emitendera egimu giba n’enkizo mu byenfuna oluusi okusinziira ku bukugu oli bw’alina oba obuvunaanyizibwa bw’alina mu nsi ey’emirimu. Kyokka singa wabaawo obunyunyunsi, obwanakyemarila n’obukenuzi enkolagana ziba ntataaganyi (antagonistic).

Ng’abafuzi b’amatwale bassitakange okuva ebulaaya tebannajja wano, waaliwo kiraasi bbiri:

(a)	Kiraasi z’abafuzi. Bano tebeetabanga butereevu mu kukola bya bugagga naye nga be batondesi b’enkola ezikuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu n’embeera omukolebwa emirimu egyabeezangawo eggwanga.

(b)	Kiraasi ya Bannansi (bano baalimu abalimi ,abalunzi, abaweesa, n’oluvannyuma abasuubuzi) 
Tewaaliwo muntu yalina nkizo mu byanfuna kubanga ettaka, ensobozeso y’ebyenfuna enkulu, lyali lya bantu bonna abaakolerangako nga balima n’okulunda buli omu okusobola okuliisa ab’enju ye ate era n’okuweereza amakula eri Kabaka n’abaami be, awataali nkola ya misolo gya kusasula nsimbi mu gavumenti.

Obuddu tebwaliwo kubanga abakozi abaakolanga mu lubiri lwa kabaka n’eza baami be basasulwanga mu ngeri emu oba endala nga okufuna ku misolo (ebirime n’ensolo ezirundibwa) egyawebwangayo ng’amakula. 

Kino kitegeeza nti enkolagana z’entabaganya (social relations) tezaali za kaasammeeme era tewaaliwo bunyunyunsi nga bwe kyafuuka ng’abazungu bamaze okujja.

4.4 Ssebasitula y’Entabaganya ya Buganda Eyedda
           (The Superstructure of ancient Buganda)

Okusobola okukola ebyobugagga, walina okubeerawo ebitongole ebiteetaagisa kwenyigira butereevu mu kutondeka bya bugagga naye nga biyamba engeri oby’obugagga gye bikolebwamu okutambula obulungi. Ebitongole bino obigerageranya n’empagi luwaga ebeera mu makkati g’ensiisira, ennyumba yaffe ey’eyedda, era gy’oyinza okuyita sebuzimbe oba sebasitula olw’okuba y’ewanirira obuzimbe bw’ensiisira oba y’esitukirako ensiisira.

Ebitongole ng’ebyo biyamba mu nneeyisa oba mu kukwaanaganya embeera obugagga gye bukolebwamu, ekyokulabirako enkola y’obufuzi, ebitongole by’amateeka, eby’enjigiriza, ebyokwerinda, enkolagana z’amawanga, eby’obuwangwa, enzikiriza z’eddiini, n’ebirala.  Bino bye bikola sebasitula w’entabaganya kubanga bye bisitula eggwanga mu byenfuna n’ebyobufuzi.

Sebasitula w’eggwanga n’olwekyo yeyolekera mu nkola z’ebyobufuzi, ebyenjigiriza, obuwangwa, n’eddini oba enzikiriza.

Empagi luwaga (sebuzimbe/sebasitula) ya Buganda ey’edda yalimu bino wansi:

(i)	Enkola y’ebyobufuzi / obukulembeze eya Buganda

Wano mu Buganda, omuwandiisi Walabyeki Magomba mu katabo ke “Omuganda Owedda”, annyonnyola nti nga Kato Kintu tannaleeta Bwakabaka mu Buganda, waaliwo abakulembeze abaaliwo nga bano balabika baali bafugira eggwanga mu nkola ey’abakulu b’ebika ebyali mu Buganda ng’ekyayitibwa “Muwawa” (Abanyoro bagiyitanga Muhwahwa).

Mu nkola eno abakulu b’ebika beerondangamu Ssentebe omu. Ssentebe w’ebika byonna nafuuka omukulembeze w’eggwanga lyonna. Obukulembeze buno bwali bunafu nyo olwokuba nti Ssentebe ono teyalina buyinza bujjuvu ku bakulu b’ebika baatwala okutuuka Kato Kintu bwe yaleetawo obwakabaka n’ateekawo obufuzi obwalina Gavumenti eyawakati ennyweevu.

N’olwekyo obukulembeze bwa Baganda bwatandikira mu bakulu ba bika abeerondagamu Ssentebe eyafuganga okumala ekiseera ekigere at entebe n’agikwasa omukulu w’ekika omulala mu bukulembeze obwetoololeranga mu Bakulu b’ebika 

Mu katabo ke “Buganda n’Obwakabaka”, Professor J.C. Ssekamwa akulaga ebintu ebimu ebikola sebasitula (sebuzimbe) mu byobufuna bwa Buganda, yadde nga takozesa kigambo “byabufuna” kyennyini, ng’annyonnyola ebyobufuzi n’ebyenfuna ya Buganda ey’edda.

Okusinziira ku kunnyonnyola kwa Kakensa J.C. Sekamwa, sebasitula y’entabaganya ya Buganda yali yeyorekera mu nfuga ey’obwakabaka eyatandikibwawo Ssekabaka Kato Kintu nga eyo mu mwaka gwa 1314 oluvannyuima lw’okulwana olutalo olwawamba obukulembeze obunafu obwaliwo. Nga bwetunaalaba mu maaso, waaliwo akakwate akatasattululwa wakati w’obwakabaka n’enkulaakulanya y’obusobozi mu nkola y’ebyenfuna eyebiseera ebyo. 

Okuva olubereberye, Kabaka Kintu ng’amaze okwezza obuyinza, abakulu b’ebika teyabajjaawo wabula yabaleka balabirire eby’obuwangwa bwa Buganda okusobola okunyweza enfuga y’eggwanga. Kabaka Kintu yasalawo okubeera omukulu w’ebika byonna era n’ayitibwa Ssabataka, na guno gujwa Kabaka ye Sabataka wa Buganda. 

Buli kika kyalina emirimu emitongole mu bwakabaka, ekintu ekyayamba ennyo okukulaakulanya obusobozi mu Buganda ebiseera ebyo. 

Ng’ojjeko obukulembeze bw’ebika obutaali bwa byabufuzi, Obwakabaka bwatambuliranga ku nfuga ya bitundu, mu lungereza eyitibwa “local government” ng’erimu emitendera gino:
•	Ekyalo kyafugibwanga Omutongole
•	Omuluka (ebyalo kumi) gwafugibwanga Owomuluka 
•	Eggombolola (emiruka kkumi) ne lifugibwa Oweggombolola 
•	Essaza (amagombolola kumi) ne lifugibwa Owessaza
•	Katikiro nga yafuga ebyalo, emiruka, amagombolola, n’amasaza gonna mu Buganda ku lwa Kabaka.
Mu Bitongole bya Gavumenti ebirala mwalingamu
•	Olukiiko lwa Kabaka olwatuulangamu abaami Abamasaza n’abakungu ba Kabaka abalala bonna abokuntikko. 
•	Enzirukanya y’emisango okuva ku kyalo okutuuka ku lukiiko lwa Kabaka olwali nga kooti ey’okuntikko.
•	Ebigalagala nga y’eringa Poliisi
•	Nga waliwo n’ebitongole by’amagye 
Obukulembeze bw’ebika:
•	Omukulu e’wekika ow’akasolya 
•	Abakulu b’amasiga 
•	Abakulu b’emituba 
•	Abakulu b’ennyiriri

(ii) Ebyokwerinda mu Buganda eyedda

Abazungu we bajjira wano Buganda yalina ejje eryokuttaka, eryokumazzi, n’abasirikale aba Poliisi abaali eyo mu nkumi n’enkumi. 

Nga tutunulira obufuna bwa Buganda ebw’ebyasa ebyayita tetuyinza kubuusa maaso bukulu bwa ntalo ezaakolebwanga Bakabaka ba Buganda ku mawanga ageetooloddewo okutandika n’ekyasa eky’ekkumi n’omusanvu okuva 1601. Entalo zayamba nnyo okugaziyiya teritoliya ya Buganda n’okwongera ku bungi bw’abantu okuyita mu kunyaga abakazi. Mubutuufu ente teyali nnyo nsolo ya Baganda ng’embuzi, enkoko n’endiga naye okulunda ente kwajjawo oluvanyuma lw’okufuna ze bawambanga mu ntalo. 
Entalo zino, ng’ojjeeko abakazi n’obugagga bw’ensolo obwafunibwanga zaayamba nnyo okugaziya Buganda eyali enfunda, ngekolebwa amasaza agatawera kkumi. 

(iii) Ebyenjigiriza mu Buganda eyedda

Enkola y’ebyenjigiriza kitundu ku Sebasitula era efugwa omusini gw’ebyenfuna (economic base).
Mu “Piizanti Ekonome” ya Buganda ey’ebiseera ebyedda, abaana baafunanga okutendekebwa mu bintu ebyenjawulo ebyemirimu egyali gyetagibwa mu biseera ebyo okugatta ku masomo g’empisa mu mitendera gino. 

a)	Okutendeka Okusooka. Kuno kwe kwalinga okusoma kwa “primary” okuliwo kati. Okusoma kuno kwalinga mu maka ng’essira baliteeka ku kuyigiriza baana obukugu mu mirimu egy’enjawulo ng’omwana akola eno bw’ayiga (home apprenticeship) okutuuka lw’abangulwa. Abalenzi bayigirizibwanga okubumba, okuluka eby’emikono, okuyigga, okusaanuusa ebyuuma, n’ebirala, ng’akola ne taata we n’abasajja abakulu abalala mu kitundu. Abawala nabo bayigirizibwanga emirimu egyekikyala nga bakola ne bamaama baabwe oba n’abakyala abalala abakulu mu kitundu. Mu kutendeka kuno mwalingamu n’emizannyo egy’enjawulo awamu n’okuyimba. Okuzina, n’okukuba ebivuga ng’engoma n’endingidi. 

Amasomo ag’obuyivuwavu (academic studies) gasomesebwanga akawungeezi nga buzibye ng’abakulu basomesa abato engero, ebisoko, ebyafaayo by’ensi yaabwe, okuyimba, okubala, ebikwata ku kika n’enju mwe bava: emizannyo, n’okutendekebwa mu by’entalo. 

Mu mizannyo mwalingamu omweso, okuvuga amaato n’emirala. 
b)	Okutendeka Okwomutendera Ogwokubiri. Kuno kwe kwali nga okusoma kwa siniya. Kuno kwalinga mu bisaakaate by’abaami ba Kabaka. Abaana abatwalidwa eno bayiganga okuweereza abagenyi okuteekateeka n’okukubiriza enkiiko, okuteesa n’okukubaganya ebirowoozo; okusala emisango, obukulembeze, okukunganya emisolo, n’ebirala.
 
c)	Okutendeka Okwomutendera Ogwawagulu. Kuno kwe kwali nga okusoma Settendekero. Kuno kwalinga mu lubiri lwa Kabaka. Abaami ba Kabaka baawerezanga abaana okuva mu bisaakaate byabwe abasukkulumye ku bannaabwe mu kubanguka mu lubiri lwa Kabaka. Abo abakugukanga nga baweebwa ebifo ebyamaanyi mu Gavumenti ya Kabaka.

Okutendeka n’okubangula kwe ndaze waggulu kwayamba kinene okukulaakulanya empalirizo z’entondeka y’ebikole(Forces of Production) bwa Buganda obwebiseera ebyo, omwalinga okutendeka abaana mu kulima, okuweesa, okukola ebyambalo, okulunda, okusuubulagana, okulwana entalo, n’ebirala.

(vi)	Eddiini n’obuwangwa mu Byobufuna bwa Buganda

Abantu abaasooka babeeranga wamu mu Buwangwa bwabwe era abantu okubeera awamu mu buwangwa bwabwe ye yali engeri y’okukolagana eyasooka.

Omuntu w’obuwangwa teyalina ngabanya ya maanyi mu mirimu ate nga ne tekinologiya gwe yakozesanga yali wa wansi nnyo ekyaviirako okuba nti ebikolebwa byali bitono era nga n’omutindo gwabyo gwa wansi.

Tosobola kulaga mu bujjuvu byabufuna bwa Buganda nga tolaze kakwaate akaaliwo wakati w’ebyobufuzi, ebyanfuna n’eby’obuwangwa mu Buganda eyedda. Ebintu ebikulu mu byobuwangwa bwa Buganda mwalimu bino:

a)	Obukulembeze mu bwakabaka ne mu bika
b)	Emizizo
c)	Emizanyo
d)	Ennyimba
e)	Amazina
f)	Ennyambala
g)	Eddagala
h)	Okusinza
i)	Enkuza y’abaana
j)	Empisa gamba nga enjogera, okubuuza, obuyonjo, okwaniriza abagenyi
k)	Ebikwate-engero, ebisoko, ebikoco
l)	Empisa zo kumikolo nga okufiirwa, okwabya ennyimbe, embaga, okwalula abaana (abalongo)
m)	Obulombolombo bw’ebika
n)	Ebisanyizo (virtues) nga obugumiikiriza, obukakkamu, obuvumu, ekisa, obusaasizi obuyambi, amazima, obwenkanya, obuntubulamu, okwekengera, obwegendereza n’obukujjukujja, obuyiiya.

Mu butuufu kizibu nnyo okwawula ebyobuwangwa ku by’obufuzi kubanga ebintu ebiri mu lusa lw’ebyobuwangwa ng’enzikiriza oba eddini birina akakwate n’ebyobufuzi. Empisa ez’ennono n’obulombolombo obugendera ku mikolo ng’okwabya ennyimbe, okwalula abalongo, okugunjula abaana, obufumbo n’ebyokwerinda byonna kwe kwali kutambulira ebyobufuzi era ng’omuntu alina ebimu ku bisanyizo ebyo waggulu y’alondebwa mu bifo ebyobuvunaanyizibwa mu mu kulembeze bw’eggwanga.
Era mu nju, ekika oba eggwanga mwe mwali ekyefananyirizaako enkola ya yinsuwa y’obulamu eyasookawo kubanga omuntu bwe yalwaalanga oba ng’afudde nga ebenju, ekika oba eggwanga lye bamulabirira mu bulwadde ne mu kufa mu kukungubaga era nga ne bamulekwa nga balabirirwa ab’eng’anda okutuuka lwe bakula.

(v) Ebyokwerinda

Enkola y’ebyokwerinda eyasooka nga tewanabaawo kyefanayirizako Gavumenti yali eyimiriddewo ku nju omuntu mwazalibwa, ekika oba eggwanga lye era enkola ey’okuwoolera eggwanga ye yali enkola ey’okubonereza abo abazizza emisango ng’obutemu, okukwata abakazi oba okunyaga. Kino kyaziyizanga abantu okuzza emisango olwokutya okuviirako okuwoolera eggwanga.Naye abazungu we bajjira wano nga waliwo enkola y’amateeka erimu okuwozesa abazzi bw’emisango. Ekitegeeza nti okuwoolera eggwanga yali tekyali nkola ya buntu mu Buganda.

Ebintu byagenda bikulaakulana era abazungu okujja mu Buganda nga waliwo enkola za gavumenti ennambulukufu, eky’okulabirako mu by’okwerinda bya Buganda nga waliwo ejje ly’eggwanga ery’etongodde eryo ku ttaka n’eryo ku mazzi.

Akakwate wakati w’enzikiriza n’ebyobufuzi

Mu sebasitula wa Buganda ey’edda mwalimu enzikiriza eya Katonda omu kyokka oluvanyuma ne wajjawo okukkiririza n’okusinza balubaale, bakagezimunyu abaafa. Abaganda abamu baatandika okutabulatabula ennyo Katonda ne Balubaale bano. Mu butuufu abazungu we bajjira wano nga Katonda alina Ebiggwa bisatu byokka e Kyaggwe so nga ebiggwa bya balubaale byaali bingi nnyo mu Buganda yonna.

Abaganda abedda bakkirizanga nti omuntu akolebwa omwoyo n’omubiri era abazadde Katonda b’akozesa mu kutondebwa kw’omwana. Omuntu bw’afa afuukamu “muzimu” (spirit) ogusigala nga gukolangana n’abantu ab’oluganda abalamu era omuzimu ogwo guba n’ebyetaago nga ebyokunywa, ebbugumu ly’omuliro kyokka ssi mmere.

Okusinziira ku Muganda owedda, obulamu bw’omuntu ku nsi bwe businziirako omuzimu kye gunaabeera, omuntu eyali omulungi mu balamu ng’omuzimu gwe gubeera gwa ddembe.

Bakagezimunyu ne Bassekalowooleza mu Buganda eyedda

Bano be bantu abaali bakagezimunyu (genius persons/philosophers) mu bulamu bwabwe. Balubaale baali bantu abaafa kyokka nga bwe baali bakyali balamu baalina ebitone n’obusobozi ebitali bya bulijjo mu bintu eby’enjawulo.

Olw’obutamanya, abaganda abamu baalowozanga nti balubaale basobola okulabika ng’abantu oba mu bintuntu ebitiisa, ebiyitibwa “amageege” era baalowoozanga nti balubaale bwe beeyolekera mu nsolo, ebinyonyi, oba emisota bayitibwa “misambwa”. Naye ensi bw’egenze ekulaakulana mu magezi agawaggulu ne mu firosofa(okwebuuza ku buli kintu) okutya n’endowooza eno bigenze bifa kuba tebiriiko bukakafu.

Abagezigezi b’ebika

Buli kika kyasuubirwanga okuba ne kagezimunyu wakyo eyayatibwanga “Lubaale w’ekika” ng’amaze okufa. Omu ku Bagezigezi b’ebika abamanyidwa ennyo mwalimu Kisolo Ssebyoto eyali akulira ekika ky’engonge mu biseera bya ebyomulamu era nga yeyali Katikkiro wa Kabaka Kintu. Kigambibwa nti olw’okuba yafa mu ngeri etaategeerekeka ne Kabaka Kintu, ab’ekika kye kwe ku mufuula lubaale. Omulala yali Muwanga (ono si y’omu n’o w’eggwanga okuva e Ssese).

Abagezi b’ Eggwanga

Bano obutafaana na Bakagezimunyu ba Bika, baali Baduumizi ba Bakagezimunyu ba Kabaka mu bintu eby’enjawulo ng’okuteekateeka n’okulwana entalo, Okulagula (devination) oba okutabulaba eddagala lya Kabaka n’okukukola ku nsonga enkakali ez’eggwanga n’eza Kabaka ng’omuntu. Baali butereevu wansi wa Kabaka eyabagabiranga obwami n’obukungu okulabirira enzimba y’ebiggwa n’okumukolera Sadaaka.

Bakagezimunyu bano baasibuka Ssese ne bajja ku lukalu lwa Buganda ku mulembe gwa Kabaka Nakibinge eyali anyigiriziddwa ennyo mu ntalo ne Bunyoro. Bwe baafa ne bafuulibwa balubaale olw’obusobozi bwe baalina obusukkulumye mu biseera byabwe eby’obulamu.

Kirabika Bukulu ye yali omufirisoofa oba kagezimunyu wa Buganda eyasooka.  Bakagezimunyu b’eggwanga bano abasooka Bukulu ne mukazi we Wada baaberanga Ssese ne batendeka bakagezimunyu abalala Wanga ne Musisi. Wanga n’atendeka kagezimunyu Muwanga ate Musisi n’atendeka Wamala, Kitinda ne Wannema.

Wannema n’awasa Nagaddya n’atendeka Kagezimunyu Mukasa ne Kyobe Kibuuka. Mukasa bweyakula, n’awasa Nanziri n’atendeka bakagezimunyu nende, Mirimu, Musoke ne Kirabire.

Abaganda abedda tebaasinzanga Bakagezimunyu bano yadde nga babatenderezanga olw’amagezi gaabwe gebayolekanga mu biseera byabwe eby’obalamu.  Okubatendereza kuno (veneration) kwe kwabayisa ba balubaale. Tebaabasinzanga kubanga abaganda baali basinza Katonda omu owo mu Ggulu e Mukono. Okukkiririza mu Katonda omu kyayamba Abaganda okukkiriza amangu Obukirisitaayo n’obusiraamu, eddiini okuva mu Bulaaya ne mu Buwarabu nazo ezikkiririza mu Katonda omu ow’obwanamunigina.

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4.6 Omusingi gw’ Ebyenfuna mu Buganda eyedda

Ku ntandikwa y’omulamwa guno nkikutegeerezawo nti okukulaakulanya Ssebasitula kiyamba okugaziya omusingi gw’ebyefuna ate nagwo ne guyamba Sebasitula okukulaakulana.

 Okusobola okugaziya omusingi gw’ebyefuna kyetagisa okukulakulanya obusobozi bwaffe nga tuteekawo enkola ennambulukufu okukulakulanya Sayansi, tekinologiya, n’obukulembeze.
Waliwo akakwate akatasattululwa wakati wa Sebasitula n’Omusingi gw’ebyenfuna. Buli Ssebasitula lw’akyuka n’Omusingi gw’Ebyenfuna gukyuka era buli Omusingi gw’ebyenfuna lwe gukyuka ne Ssebasitula akyuka.

Omusingi gw’ebyenfuna mu Buganda eyedda gweyolekeranga mu bino:

•	Ettaka, naddala mu byobulimi nga balima amatooke ag’emmere n’agokuyiisamu omwenge (embidde). Abaganda baalimanga n’emmere endala nga lumonde, balugu kyetutumula, kaama, nandigoya, n’endaggu, awamu n’amayuuni, enva ng’ebbugga, ejjobyo, ensugga, nnakati, entula, empindi, ebijanjaalo enkoolimbo, empande enderema, n’obuyindiyindi.
•	Okuweesa nga basaannuusa ebyuma okubijja mu matale ne babiweesaamu obuwambe, ebiso, enkumbi, amafumu, n’embazzi.
•	Okukola ebyambalo mu mbugo enkomage.
•	Okulunda embuzi, n’endiga. Ente zaalundibwanga kitono.
•	Okusuubulagana ne Bunyoro nga babagulako omunyo ogwavanga e Katwe, enkumbi, ebiso, n’embazzi kubanga n’abanyoro baalinga baweesi balungi ddala olw’ensi yaabwe eyalimu nnyo amatale agaasaanuusibwanga okufunamu ebyuma.
•	N’okulwana entalo.

Obusobozi buno era bweyoresezanga mu mirimu gy’ebyemikolo (Craft) mu biseera ebyo. Muno mwalimu okuluka ensero, ebyagi omuterekwa emmere enkalu, okukola ebibumbe, okubajja, okukola ebyokulwanyisa, ensimbi ebita n’edeku.

Okukola ensero (basketry) kye kimu ku bintu omuganda owedda bye yakugukamu mu byakozesa awaka n’okwerinda – nga bakola ebisaakate n’emmuli, okusereka ennyumba mu ngeri ey’okuluka n’engabo.
Abakyala be bakolanga enkomera/ebisaakate, ebyagi, okubaga emmuli, okusereka, okukola obutego n’ebisero by’omunnimiro. Abakyala era be bakolanga ebbibbo n’obusero obutono obutereka emmere entonotono, emikeeka, ebibikka ku nsuwa.

Okubumba (pottery) nga bakozesa ebbumba kwalimu okukola ensuwa/ensumbi (water pots). Ebibya (bowls) entamu (cooking pot) n’emindi (smoking pipes) ezitoneddwa mu langi enzirugavu, enjeru, n’emyufu.

Ebyakozesebwanga okusala n’okuwaata ebyokulya (Cutlery) nabyo, byakolebwanga mu byuma. Mwalimu embazzi, enkumbi, amalobo, amafumu, ennyondo, n’ebikozesebwa mukusamira. 
Mu kubajja mwalimu obutebe obutonetone, ebikozesebwa eby’omuti ng’oluseke, ekiwujjo, ebyanzi by’amata, ebikuba embugo (fumigator foe barcloths) amaato, ebivuga by’abayimbi, ng’engoma n’endingidi (membra phones). 

Ebyokulwanyisa byakolebwanga okuva mubyuma n’emiti. Muno mwalimu amafumu, obusaale, engabo, n’embukuuli (sticks for clubbing to death).

Obusobozi bwa Buganda obulala bweyolekera mubigambo ebyakikugu mu kukuba ebifananyi nga okutona, okusiiga, kuwawula, kwola, kuwunda, kukuba kifananyi. 

Okutona mulungereza to stain, to dye, to apply colour on something, kwakolebwanga ku mbugo era nga luno baluyita olubugo olutone. 

Okuwunda mulungereza to decorate, to embellish or give fine finish kwakolebwanga mu lubiri lwa Kabaka ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga Kabaka oba mu lungereza biyite King’s objects, insignia, utensils, n’ebirala. Gano ge gayitibwanga “Amakula ga Kabaka” (The King’s Ornamental work). 
Okuwoola mulungereza “engraving” oba “sculpture”, ku bibajje ku mbaawo oba ku mayinja. 
Okusiiga mulungereza “to paint”, okusiiga enkintu mu langi ennungi. 

Okusinziira ku kyenkulaze waggulu awo okiraba nti yadde tewaaliwo nkola ya byanfuna ng’eyomulembe guno, abazungu nga tebannajja wano, tewaaliwo bwavu na buwejjere ng’ebiriwo kati.