open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Okunyiiga(anger)

Embeera y’obuntu ey’Okunyiiga (the emotion of anger)

Obunyiivu oba okunyiiga kiva ku butali bwenkanya , okuswazibwa oba obuswaavu,obutakwatagana mu ndowooza oba mu bikolwa, obutafiibwako oba okuliibwamu olukwe . 

Okunyiiga bwe kuba kwa bikolwa , omuntu alumba asibuseeko okunyiiga okwo kyokka  bwe kuba kwa kimpowooze , omuntu  anyiigira munda. Mu bunyiivu muyinza okuvaamu  okwekyawa  , ekintu ekireetawo embeera z’obuntu endala nga  okwekyanga  , okulumba ,okukyawa ,okwewera, oba  okuwulira obubi .Waliwo n’okumalibwaamu amaanyi  oba okuggwamu amaanyi  awamu n’okwesisiwala okuviirako  okwegugunga , obulumi  n’okukoowa embeera  .

Obugunjufu  kikwata ku kumanya buvune obuyinza okuteeka abalala mu mbeera ey’okunyiiga awamu n’okumanya engeri gy’ofugamu okunyiiga nga obadde olina ekikunyiizizza.

Okunyiiga kusonjolwa nga okukyankalanyizibwa ebirowoozo. Eno mbeera ya buntu ejjawo nga waliwo omuntu oba embeera ekukyankalanyizza oba ekunyiizizza,  ka tugambe nga oli ayonoonye ebintu byo ,  akuwaayirizza , akuboggoledde, akuswazizza mu bantu, n’ebirala. 

Kyokka n’ekintu oba embeera eteekuusiza ku muntu munno eyinza okukunyiiza. Eky’okulabirako akalippagano k’emotoka ng’obadde mu bwangu, okulemererwa okutuuka ku kiruubiriro kyo oba ekyo abalala kye babadde bakusuubiramu.

Obunyiivu buyinza n’okweyolekera mu njogezamubiri(body language) , naddala mu feesi ,  engeri oli gy’atunula, n’enjogera ye . Kyetaagisa okufuga okunyiiga kubanga okunyiiganyiiga kiyinza okukuviirako okwekandula n’okutuusa obuvune ku balala oba ku bulamu bwo,  so ng’ate era n’obulamu bwo bukosebwa naddala nga okunyiiganyiiga kikulwazizza akanyigirizi k’omusaayi(blood pressure) oba endwadde z’omutima endala.
Obunakuwavu(Sadness)

Embeera y’obuntu ey’Okunakuwala(the emotion  of sadness)

Okunakuwala kuva  ku kufiirwa oba okulemererwa oba obutafiibwaako, n’okuswazibwaswazibwa . Ssinga embeera ey’okunakuwala eyitirira , omuntu afuna okwennyika ,  ekintu ekyeragira mu kusiriikirira, n’okweyawula ku balala . Singa olaba omuntu atandise okweyawula ku banne , yekubagiza ate nga tayogera , buno bubonero bwa kwennyika era omuntu oyo aba yetaaga obuyambi obw’enjawulo kubanga ayinza okwetuusaako obuvune oba n’okutuusa obuvune ku balala oba n’okutabuka omutwe. Okunakuwala n’olwekyo  ye kanaluzaala w’embeera z’obuntu nga okwennyika , okwekubagiza ,ennaku  ,n’ebirowoozo .

Mu kunakuwala era muvaamu embeera z’obuntu nga okuggwaamu essuubi ,  okuwulira obubi, obutasanyusibwa ate okuswaala ne kuvaamu embeera nga okwetya, okwekyaawa , n’okwejjusa. 

Obutafiibwaako oba okusuulirirwa  kuvaamu mbeera z’obuntu nga okwetya , okwesamba abalala, okwagala okubeera wekka,  okutya okuswazibwa ,  n’okwekubagiza .
Okwekubira(Prejudice)

Okwekubira(prejudice)Embeera y’Obuntu ey’Okuwa enkizo abamu , n’ okusosola

Obugunjufu kikwata ku kumanya engeri gy’okwataganyaamu embeera ey’okusuulirirwa ,okusuulibwa ebbali ,  okukyayibwa oba okusosolebwa nga ebaddewo awamu n’okwewala okusuulirira oba okukyawa abalala.

Okutya okusuulibwa ebbali  oba okusuulirirwa kiva ku bintu bingi , omuli n’okuba nga tewafiibwangako nga oli muto , n’okula nga  olowooza nti tolina kwagalibwa olw’enneeyisa y’abantu b’obeeramu . Okutya okusuulirirwa kiyinza okukuviirako okuba nga ova mu mbeera ez’obuntu n’okulemwa okufuga embeera zino.

Mu biseera ebisinga obungi kyotya kyenyini tekibaawo naye eba ndowooza yo ekuleetera okutya n’okwetya kyokka oluusi abantu abakola ebikolwa ebijja bantu bannaabwe mu mbeera be baviirako obuzibu obwo. Eky’okulabirako , okuba nga bakusekerera olw’okuba engeri gye wakulamu so ng’ate enkula yo si ggwe wagisalawo wabula kwali kusalawo kwa Katonda.

Okusomesa omwana obugunjufu kyetaagisa nnyo okubayigiriza okuteeka ebirowoozo ku  bintu birala eby’omugaso mu bulamu nga wabaddewo okukyayibwa oba okusuulibwa ebbali oba okusosolebwa ate era n’okumumanyisa obutateeka balala mu mbeera eyo naddala olw’enkula yabwe etali neyagalire nga obulema ku mubiri oba obulemu ku mubiri, obunene, obumpi n’ebirala.  Okuwa enkizo (prejudice) kikolwa kya kusosola.
Okwekubagiza(Self pity)

Embeera y’Obuntu ey’Okwekubagiza (the emotion of self pity)

Obugunjufu kikwata ku kumanya buvune obuyinza okuva  mu mbeera ey’okwekubagiza  oba okumanya engeri gy’okwataganyaamu embeera eno nga ebaddewo.

Embeera y’okwekubagiza eba mbeera ya gunsinze eva mu kulowooza nti teweemala (inadequacy) oba tolina ky’osobola kwekolera era okubeerawo kwo kutaataganya abalala. Embeera ya gunsinze era eva ku kulowooza nti okoze eky’ekivve ekitakolebwangako muntu mulala era ekitasobola kusonyiyibwa.

Era tuyinza okufuna embeera y’okwekubagiza bwe tuba tulina kye tugaanyi, tulimbye oba kye tukumpanyizza, bino byonna ne bituleetera okulowooza nti tukoze kya buswaavu, ne twennyika n’okwesaasira.

Okwekubagiza kuviirako embeera z’obuntu embi endala n’okulowooza nti tokyalina mugaso mu Ensi. Okwekubagiza kikosa obwongo bwo n’obulamu bwo okutwalira awamu, n’ofuna okulumwa omutwe, okukyankalana mu lubuto, n’obukoowu olumu,  n’okutabuka obwongo. Okwekubagiza kikuleetera okutya okusalawo kyokka singa oba okufuze bulungi kikuyamba okukulaakuna mu neeyisa yo.

Embeera y’obuntu eno ekulowoozesa nti abalala tebafuddeyo ku mbeera y’obulamu gy’olimu oba gy’oyiseemu. Okwekubagiza kuziiyiza essanyu n’okunyumirwa okudda mu bulamu bwo. Okwekubagiza olumu kiva ku nkuza oba engeri gye wakuzibwamu etaakulaga nti obulamu bulimu ebiwonvu n’ebikko by’olina okuyitamu.

Abazadde oba abantu abatasengejja mu bigambo bye boogerera baana nga bakoze ensobi baviirako embeera eno.  Eky’olulabirako omwana ayasizza essowaani, oba akoze ensobi endala, omuzadde n’amulaamiriza “mwana(gwana)  ggwe tojja kubaamu magezi”.Kino kimulowoozesa nti obulamu bwe bwonna tebujja kubaamu kalungi wabula ebizibu byokka.
Okwennyika (Depression)

Embeera y’Obuntu ey’Okwennyika (The emotion of depression)

Obugunjufu kikwata ku kumanya buvune obuyinza okuteeka abalala mu mbeera ey’okwennyika (depression) oba okumanya engeri gy’okwataganyaamu embeera eno nga ebaddewo.

Okwennyika mbeera ya mulengera (mental condition) erimu okulowooleza mu kulemererwa n’okuba nga tewali kye wenyigiramu n’abalala .  Omuntu eyennyise tateeka birowoozo bye ku mulamwa ogubaawo, aba takyayagala kulya ,  aba munakuwavu nnyo, yekubagiza, nga takyalina ssuubi mu bulamu.

Okwennyika kuziiyiza omuntu okweyagala n’okubeera omusanyufu mu bulamu era omuntu ayinza okulowooza ku kwetta kubanga alowooza nti asigadde yekka mu ensi , tewakyali amwagala.
Okwegulumiza(Pride)

Embeera y’Obuntu ey’ Okwegulumiza(the emotion of Pride)

Obugunjufu era kikwata ku kumanya obuzibu obuyinza okujjawo ng’omuntu yetaddemu embeera ey’okwegulumiza. Okwegulumiza kweyolekera mu kukudaala, okuduula, n’obutakolagana na balala mu ngeri yonna , naddala nga olaga nti ba wansi oba obasinga.Mu butuufu oyinz aokuba nga obasinga naye si kilungi kulaga nnyo nti obasinga.

Abantu abasinga balowooza nti okwegulumiza   gaba malala  naye ekituufu kiri nti kuba kulowooza na kulaga nti oli waggulu w’abalala mu nkula, n’okumanya , obuyinza , amaanyi, oba  obugagga.

Okwegulumiza kivaamu  amalala, okwemanyamanya, emputtu, n’obutagambwako naye kyokka kya njawulo ku bino. Omuntu ey’egulumiza aba alowooza nti asukkulumye ku balala mu:

	bulungi/endabika y’omubiri.

	magezi (okumanya).

	buyinza n’amaanyi

	bugagga-Kubanga alina ebyobugagga ebisingako eby’abalala.

Omuntu omugunjufu ne bwaba ng’ebyo waggulu abirina teyegulumiza era aba mukkakkamu , omuntu w’abantu, omutabaganyi omulungi yadde ng’alina okuba n’okwekengera okwetaagisa.

Bino bimuviirako obutagambwako n’emputu (obutakyusa mpisa oba nneeyisa embi). Amalala , okusinga eba ntambula oba enjogera n’ennyambala ey’ekivubuka. Amalala gayinza obutaba na kakwate na kwegulumiza ,  naddala  mu bavuvuka abali mu myaka gya kavubuka.

Okwegulumiza  kulowooza nti ggwe otuukiridde okusinga abalala era ggwe buli bbanga oba wegeraageranya n’okuvuganya n’abalala okulaga nti obasinga. Okwemanyamanya kuvaamu okwematira . Okwemanyaamanya kugeraageranye n’embeera ey’okwewa ekitibwa ky’obuntu (self-esteem), okwetya n’okwemotyamotya . Ssinga wali osobola okubaako w’oli mu bwengula n’olaba buli ekikolebwa ensolo eziri ku nsi wandirabye katemba atali musasulire, alimu ebisanyusa, ebyewunyisa, n’ebyennaku. 

Katemba alimu okunyumirwa ayitibwa “katemba ow’okunyumirwa” (comedy); ate oyo akomekkereza ne nnaku, entiisa, obulumi n’okunyolwa ayitibwa “katemba ow’entiisa” (tragedy). Mu katemba ow’entiisa mubaamu bakazannyirizi ab’enjawulo; wabaawo ayitibwa omuzannyi omukulu, ayitibwa omuzira, “omupalattanyi”, (protagonist) oba omuzira ow’ekikolimo.

Ne mu bulamu ku nsi kuno mulimu katemba ow’entiisa mungi , ng’ensibuko  eri mu bintu bisatu:
(iv)	Engerekera (instinct) ey’okuva mu mbeera  ez’obuntubulamu
(v)	Obutaba na bwakalimagezi ku bikolwa bijja abalala mu mbeera ez’obuntubulamu (lack of emotional intelligence).
(vi)	Obutagunjula baana nga bato kufuga mbeerza zaabwe ez’obuntu.
Obujja (Jealousy)

Embeera y’Obuntu ey’Obujja (the emotion of jealousy)

Obugunjufu era kikwata ku kumanya buvune obuyinza okuva  mu mbeera ey’obujja .Obujja kiva mu kulowooleza mu kuvuganya n’omuntu omulala gw’olowooza nti ayinza okuba ng’akusinga . Obujja buviirako embeera z’obuntu nga obulumi, obunyiivu, okunakuwala, okutya okuswala, n’endala. Embeera y’obujja eziiyiza enkolagana n’abalala aba n’omulala .

Awali obujja tewaba nkolagana nnungi ,  obwesigwa yadde okwagala. Obujja kabonero ka kuvuganya okwekimpowooze nga kino kiva  ku kwetwala kuba wansi ku mulala oba kyokka oluusi era kiraga nti  wegwaanyiza okuba nga  olina okuba omulungi mu buli kintu awatali kulowooza nti Katonda buli muntu alina ekirungi kye yamuteekamu, ekiyinza okuba eky’enjawulo ku by’abalala. Kyetaagisa okuyiga okujja embeera ey’obujja mu bulamu bwo.
Ensaalwa(Envy)

Embeera y’obuntu ey’ Ensaalwa (the emotion of envy).

Obugunjufu kikwata ku kumanya buvune obuva mu nsaalwa. Ensaalwa kibuzaabuzibwa n’obujja .  Ensaalwa  kitegeeza okweyagaliza ekirungi ekiri ku mulala oba obuwanguzi omulala bw’atuseeko ng’olowooza nawe oba ggwe wandibadde nakyo oba wandibadde otuuka ku buwanguzi obwo n’otamanya nti buli mbwa erina olunaku lwayo olw’okufuna. Bantu batono nnyo  abakimanyi nti olunaku lwabwe olw’okufuna gye luli , era baleme kufuna nsaalwa olwa bannaabwe  abalina kye bafunye oba kyebatuseeko.

Ensaalwa kibaawo ng’ekirungi kituuse ku mulala oba ng’oli akusinze. Ensaalwa kivaamu obujja n’embeera endala embi ez’obuntu. Ensaalwa kiyinza okuvaamu akabasa nga okuleetera omuntu okutuusa obuvume ku mulala.
Okuggwamu amaanyi(Discouragement)

Embeera y’Obuntu ey’Okuggwamu Amaanyi (the emotion of discouragement).

Obugunjufu kikwata ku kumanya obuvune obuyinza okuteeka abalala mu mbeera ey’okuggwamu amaanyi oba okumanya engeri gy’okwataganyaamu embeera eno nga ebaddewo.

Embeera eno eviirako omuntu okuggwamu essuubi .Buli lw’olowooza nti waliwo ekikuziyiza oba ekikulemesezza okutuuka ku ky’oyagala, ofuna okuggwamu amaanyi  era kino kiyinza okukuleetera okuggwamu essuubi . Okuggwamu amaanyi kikosa obulamu bwo bwonna kubanga toba musanyufu. Era kiyinza okukuleetera okwennyika kubanga tolaba ngeri ki gy’ova mu bizibu byo.
Ky’olina okumanya kwe kuba nti tewali mbeera ya lubeerera.
Obuswavu(Shame)

Embeera y’Obuntu ey’ Obuswavu/Okuswala(the emotion of shame)

Obugunjufu kikwata ku kumanya buvune obuyinza okuteeka abalala mu mbeera ey’obuswavu oba okumanya engeri gy’okwataganyaamu embeera eno nga ebaddewo oba okugyewala.

Oyinza okukola eky’obuswavu mu baana, abavubuka oba abakulu ng’obatulugunya, omuli okubakabawaza, okubawemula, n’okubaboggolera mu maaso ga mikwano gyabwe nga tekisaanidde oba awatali nsonga y’amaanyi kw’osinziira kukola kino. Ebikolwa ebirala ebiyinza okuleetera  omuntu obuswavu mulimu okuvuvuba, n’okukayuka mu lujjude.

Obuswavu kya njawulo ku kwekubagiza/gunsinze kubanga embeera ey’okwekubagiza ekulowozesa nti oliko omutawaana kyokka obuswavu toba na kya kubukolera ,  okujjako okuviira embeera mw’oswalidde oba ne wenenya eri b’okozeeko eby’obuswaavu. Naye waliwo obuswavu obuva mu  kumettebwa oba okuwayirizibwa. Sooka okkakkane olyoke okole okwennyonnyolako kyokka oluusi okusirika kuwangula bingi kubanga amazima tegeekweka.
Obubuguumirivu(enthusiasm)

Embeera y’Obuntu ey’ Obubuguumirivu (enthusiasm)

Obubuguumirivu kitegeeza okukyamuukirira ennyo oba okunyumirwa ennyo “omulamwa”.Oyinza okukyamuukirira nga bakuwaanye , nga owangudde, nga ofunye amagoba agatali ga bulijjo oba ng’olina ky’ovumbudde.

Okuyigiriza omwana okukozesa obwongo oba okwefumitiriza ng’alambika ensonga (inductive  reasoning) kimubuguumiriza nnyo okusinga okumulambululira ensonga kubanga mu kulambika ensonga aba yezuulira ku bubwe.

Kyokka okubuguumirira ekisukkulumye  kiyinza okukuleetera okufiirwa n’obutatuuka ku ky’oyagala kubanga oyinza okukola ensobi ng’olowooza nti buli lunaku  bwe kinaabeera oba nga olowooza nti kiwedde so ng’ate tekinnaggwa , kikyakwetaagisa okufunvubira.

Okumala ebiseera ng’okola ebintu ebikusanyusa nakyo kiyinza okukubuguumiriza kyokka waliwo abantu nga bbo mu buttonde bwabwe babuguumirivu (bakyamufu) awatali kwegulumiza , kukudaala, oba okuduula . Obukyamuukirivu obw’okwemanyamanya n’okweragalaga si bulungi.
Ennyiike (too much sadness)

Embeera y’Obuntu ey’ Ennyiike (too much sadness)

Obugunjufu kikwata ku kumanya engeri gy’okwataganyaamu embeera eno nga ebaddewo.

Ennyiike kitegeeza okuwulira ennaku ennyingi oba okwennyika olw’okufiirwa omwagalwa wo, okugobwa ku mulimu, okusuula eky’omuwendo , n’ebirala.

Okukakkanya ennyiike laba nga olya ate wewummuze ekimala. Wewale okunywa ennyo omwenge oba sigala kyokka laba ng’obeera mu b’emikwano egikuwa amaanyi , awamu n’okwekwasa Katonda n’ekigambo kye.
Obunakuwavu(sadness)

Embeera y’Obunty ey’ Obunakuwavu(Emotion of sadness).

Obugunjufu kikwata ne ku kumanya obuvune obuyinza okuteeka abalala mu mbeera ey’obunakuwavu oba okumanya engeri gy’okwataganyaamu embeera eno nga ebaddewo oba engeri gy’oyinza okuyamba ali mu mbeera ey’obunakuwavu.

Obunakuwavu tekitegeeza kwennyika . Obunakuwavu kijjawo oluvanyuma lw’okulemesebwa (disappointment) oba ng’ofiiridwa omukwano oba ow’oluganda oba mu byenfuna

Omuntu era owulira ennaku nga ogezaako okulabirira omuntu ali mu mbeera embi, nawe gye wali oyiseemu kuba nga weteeka mu mbeera eyo singa gwe obadde ogirimu (empathy). Obusaasizi (sympathy) kyangu naye kizibu okutegeera embeera omuntu gy’alimu (empathy) nga togiyitangamu.

Obunakuwavu  n’olwekyo era bulimu  n’okutegeera embeera omuntu omulala  gy’alimu era kitegeeza okuyita mu mbeera eyo okusobola okumanya embeera yennyini munno gy’alimu . Omuzadde anakuwadde olwa muzzadde munne okufiirwako omwana yeteeka mu mbeera nti singa abadde wuwe y’afudde ate era omukazi atazaalangako ayinza obutamanya bulumi muzzadde bwayitamu. Asooka , aba yeteteka  mu mbeera ya munne (empathetic). Ow’okubiri aba musaasizi (sympathetic) .

Kimu ky’olina akumanya kwe kuba nti toli wekka mu buzibu obwo naye bangi ababuyiseemu.
Okunyumirwa nga abalala bali mu bulumi oba mu bunakuwavu(Sadism)

Embeera ey’okusanyukira ennaku y’Abalala(the emotion of sadism)

Waliwo abantu abamu abalina embeera y’obuntu embi ey’okusanyuka ng’abalala bali mu bizibu oba mu mbeera enzibu.

 Abantu bano bafuna okubuguumirira n’okukyamuuukirira ng’omulala ali mu mbeera ey’okunyigirizibwa oba ey’okwennyika. Abantu abalina embera eyo  basaana kwewala ,osigale mu bantu abayinza okukuzzaamu amaanyi nga oli mu buzibu .

 Okunyumirwa obunyumirwa n’okukyakyankya nga munno ali mu buzibu kya kikolimo era bwe kiba mu bulamu bwo kyejjeemu otandika okutandika okunyolwa  nga bantu banno bali mu bizibu. 

Kino nakyo abazadde balina okukiyigiriza abaana mu ngunjula yabwe naddala omwana bw’aseka obusesi oba okugyaganya  nga munne alumiziddwa oba afunye obuzibu, mulage nti ekyo tebakikola kubanga naye enkya ayinza okutuuka ku buzibu bwe bumu.
Embeera y'okwolekera akatyabaga(Vulnarability)

Embeera y’obuntu ekwolekeza akatyabaga(the emotion of vulnerability) 

Embeera eno ya kutya. Obugunjufu kikwata ku kumanya buvune obuyinza okuteeka abalala mu mbeera ez’obulabe oba okuleetawo embeera ey’obulabe oba okumanya engeri gy’okwataganyaamu embeera eno nga ebaddewo.

Okwolekera obuvune,  obulabe , oba obuzibu kwe kubeera mu mbeera esobola okukutusaako obuzibu, obuvune oba obulabe.

Embeera ey’obulabe kintu ekibi. Ddala mu butuufu kibi , naye kiyinza  okukufuula omuntu asobola okwekuuma anti baalugera nti ekizze omanyi kinyaga bitono.

Buli lwe tuyiga okubeera mu mbeera ez’obulabe (vulnerabirities)  kyokka ne twekuuma , kituwa obumativu n’essanyu. Kyetaagisa omuntu okumanya n’abalabe be oba  abo abakuvuganya kyokka n’osigala ng’obalimu mu mukwano yadde mu bwegendereza . 

Ezimu ku mbeera  ez’obulabe  ze tuyigiriza abaana okwekengera  mu bulamu mulimu okwekuuma abatemu, obulyolyomi, enge, effutwa , empiiga , obubenje, ababbi, abataagaliza, ne banneenonyeza byange.
Embeera z'obuntu embi(Bad emotions)

Embeera z'obuntu ezimu nga obusaasizi , okusanyuka n'endala nnungi naye wali wo endala nnyingi embi era nga oyo azirina aba muntu wa mpsa nsiwuufu oba wa mutima mubi.Zirimu:

	Effutwa
	Enge
	Empiiga
	obukyayi. 
        
n'endala
Embeera ey'ebirowoozo

Embeera y’obuntu ey’Ebirowoozo .

Obugunjufu kikwata ku kumanya buvune obuyinza okuteeka abalala mu mbeera ey’ebirowoozo oba okumanya engeri gy’okwataganyaamu embeera eno nga obadde ogifunye.

Okuba mu birowoozo kitegeeza emmeeme etatereera oba okulowooza kino na kiri olw’obuzibu obukwolekedde. Emeeme epakuka oba ebirowoozo kiva mu kuba nga tomanyi kinaddirira, n’ogezaako okulowooza kino na kiri ku ky’olowooza ekinaddirira.

Sooka onoonye ekikuviiriddeko okugenda mu birowoozo , okyenenye . W’ewe okwebaka okumala. Abantu abalina ebirowoozo batera okubulwa otulo oba ne basisimuka ekiro ng’ebirowoozo biyiting’ana mu bwongo bwabwe. Mu mbera eno laba nga olya n’okukola dduyiro(exercise) era ofune okwebaka okumala naye tewebaka kiyitiridde. Wekwase Mukama Katonda atalemererwa.
Omuzira ow'entiisa (Tragic Hero)

Omulamwa gw’Omuzira ow’entiisa mu buwangwa bwaffe 

Omuntu obutafuga mbeera ze ez’obuntu nga obwa nakyemalira ,  okwemanyamanya ,enge, empiiga, obukyayi, obutagambwako,enkwe,obusosoze, n'okunyumirwa ng'abalala bali mu bulumi oba mu kunyigirizibwa  kifuula obulamu bwe  obw’ekikolimo , oluusi n’akomekkereza mu nnaku ,olumu n’okufiira mu maanyi oba mu ntiisa. 

Ono bw’aba nga mukulembeze oba ng’alina ekifo eky’enjawulo mu ntabaganya (society),  ayitibwa “mupalattanyi” (protoganist) , omuzira ow’ekikolimo(cursed hero)  , mukulembeze oba mufuzi wa ntiisa oba omuzira ow’entiisa (tragic hero). Kino kiva ku “kikolwa kazaalabulwa”(tragic flaw) nga okwegulumiza. 

Manya enjawulo wakati w’obwetoowaze , okwegulumiza n’okukuuma ekitiibwa kyo eky’obuntu (self esteem) . Okukuuma ekitiibwa kyo eky’obuntu (self esteem) tekyetaagisa kwegulumiza yadde okwemotyamotya oba kwetya  kuba kuno kuba kweteeka wansi wa kitiibwa kyo eky’obuntu(low self esteem) . Okwegulumiza n’okwemanyamanya kitegeeza kwesukkulumya ku kitiibwa kya buntu .Okwewa ekitiibwa eky’obuntu kintu ekikwenkanyankanya na buli muntu mu buttonde awatali kwefefetta yadde okwegulumiza.

Tandika okuwa abalala ekitiibwa n’okubatwala ng’abantu nga ggwe , yadde buli omu aba n’ebitone bya njawulo. Lekera awo okunoonya ensobi n’ ebikyaamu byokka mu balala naye noonya ebirungi ebibalimu kuba tewali atuukiridde ate era tewali atalina mugaso mu nsi. Okwegulumiza kuziyiza enkolagana ennungi n’abalala.

Singa omuntu alemwa okufuga embeera ze ez’obuntu ayinza okukomekkereza nga muntu wa ntiisa.
Amasomo ga sayansi(Scientific fields of study)

Gakuweebwa Charles Muwanga !!  Weetegereze obuwango obusookeso(prefixes) obw'Oluganda buno::

(i)Essoma..prefix = essomo lya... ,  kivvuunulwa "study of..."

(ii)Eby...prefix = ebyenjigiriza oba ebikolebwa ebya ... kivvuunula  "study of .."

Obuwango buno bwe buyinza okuyamba oluganda okuzimba ebigambo by'amasomo ga sayansi agasinga obungi , omuli na gano:

(a) Essomampimo oba essomankula oba ebyempimo(geometry)

(b) Essomabuziba oba ebyobuziba (Chemistry)

(c)Essomabutonde oba essomabuzimbe oba ebyobuzimbe (Physics)

(d)Essomabiramu oba "ebyebiramu"(Biology),kyokka "ebyobulamu"(health education)

(e) Essomabibuuka(Aeronautics)

(f)Essomansi(Geography)

(g)Essomabwengula(Astronomy)

(h) Ekinonoozo(engineering), omunonooza(engineer) ; Ekitambuzo (mechanics)

Emiramwa gya sayansi emirala emikulu mu Luganda:

(i) Empalirizo (Force)

(ii) Amasoboza , ekitegeeza amaanyi agasobozesa (energy)

(iii) Okuva (motion), omugendo(linear motion),amateeka ga Newton ag'Okuva (Newton'sLaws of Motion)

(iv) Obuwangaaliro(environment) ,ekitegeza obutonde bw'ensi mwe tuwangaalira

(v) Entababutonde(ecology)

(vi)Entababiramu(biomes)

(vii)Entababimera(vegetation) 

(viii) Entuumo y'ebimera (biomass)

(ix) Entabamuliro(Combustion)

(x) Entababantu oba entabaganyabantu oba "entabganya" (Human society), entababuvo(community)

(xi)Essomabulamu obusirikitu(microbiology) , essomabulamu bwa nsolo(animal biology), essomabulamu bwa bimera (plant biology)

(xii) Essomabuzaale(Genetics) , obusekese(chromosomes) ,Endagabutonde(DNA),Endagabuzaale oba Ennambuzaale(Genes), Ennabuzaale ennemu (mutated genes), 

(xiii) Omulengera (the human mind)
Essikirizo (Gravity)

Essikirizo (Gravity).Sooka omanye enjawulo n'akakwate akali wakati wakati w'ensikirizo(attraction) n'essikirizo(gravity)!

Ensonga lwaki buli ekikasukibwa waggulu kimala ne kikka wansi ku Nsi lwa mpalirizo esikira ku nkulungo y’ensi eyiitibwa ‘essikirizo’ (gravity).

Mu butuufu essikirizo y’empalirizo esika seng’endo entono okuva mu seng’endo ennene. Eno y’ensonga lwaki enjuba Muwanga (our sun), esika enkulungo zayo zonna kubanga enjuba enzitoya(mass) nnene nnyo okusinga enkuluingo zayo zonna ng’ozigasse wamu. 

Omuzannyi w’omupiira bw’asimula omupiira gudda waggulu ate amasoboza bwe gaguggwamu ne gukka wansi olw’Essikirizo ly’Ensi (Earth’s Gravity).

Essikirizo(gravity) eba nsikirizo ennene(big attraction)
Empalirizo z'Obuziizi(Nuclear forces)

(Gakuweebwa  Charles Muwanga . Empalirizo z’Obuziizi (nuclear forces).

Singa Uganda ebadde nabuzimbe(matter), District bwe buziba(atom) bwa Uganda ate ebitebe bye District   ne biba nga bwe buziizi(nucleus) bwa Uganda kuba y’entabiro ya Buli district eri Mu Uganda.

Mu sayansi ow’Oluganda, “obuziba” bwe nabuzimbe(matter) buba wala naye ate “obuziizi” buba wala nnyo okusinga obuziba. Obutoffaali obuzimba ekimette (buli kintu) bwe tuyita obuziba (atomu) bwakyo ate “obuziizi” (nucleous) bwakyo ky’ekitundu ky’obuziba (atomu) ekisembayo munda, mu makkati.

Mu “buziba” (atomu) obwo waggulu amakkati bwe “buziizi” (nnyukiriyaasi), ekitegeeza nti amakkati ye nnyukiriyaasi ya atomu. Enkoloboze ziraga “emitendera gy’amasoboza” (energy levels). Ekikube ekyo waggulu kikulaga “obuziizi bw’obuziba” oba ganba “nnyukiriyaasi ya atomu” (the necleous of the atom).
Ennyanguyirizi ezisookerwako(Basic Machines)

Gakuweebwa Charles Muwanga !!!Ennyanguyirizi esisookerwako zino wansi zikozesa maanyi ga mifumbi (muscle power) ng’ensibuko y’amasoboza (energy source), ne zikubisaamu empalirizo eba ekozesebwa okulaba ng’embavu eyetaagisa ekendeera. Zirimu:

o	Kalinjola			 (screw)

o	Ebitendero ebyewunzifu (enclined planes) nga ebiserengeto			 (ramps)
o	Najjolo				 (Chisels)

o	Emisumaali			 (nails)

o	Emisumeeni			 (saws)

o	Ennyondo			 (hammer)

o	Ebigaali 			(wheel barrows)
 
o	Ebisikiso 			(pulleys)

o	Ensuubo			 (Levers)

Awatali nnyanguyirizi, yadde ezisookerwako, omuntu byasobola okukola biba bibale. Ennyanguyirizi zisobozesa omuntu okukola emirimu egy’enjawulo okuva ku myangu (simple tasks), okudda ku mizibu (difficult tasks), okutuuka ku mizibuwavu (complex tasks). “Emizibuwavu” kitegeeza nti giba mizibu kiwanvu.

Ennyanguyirizi ezisookerwako zigonza zitya omulimu?

Ennyanguyirizi esookerwako egonza omulimu nga:

(i)	Etambuza empalirizo okuva mu kifo ekimu okudda mu kirala.

(ii)	Ekyusa obwolekero bw’empalirizo

(iii)	Eyongeza ekipimo ky’empalirizo, eyongeza obuwanvo oba emisinde gy’empalirizo
Ekitendero ekyewunzifu(Inclined Plane)

Gakuweebwa Charles Muwanga !!! Ekitendero ekyewunzivu (Inclined Plane)

Ekitendero ekyewunzifu kiba kiserengeto (ramp) nga enkomerero emu eri waggulu okusinga ku nkomerero ey’okubiri. 

Kikola omulimu mutono, ntegeeza amasoboza matono, okuseetula ekintu okuyita ku kitendero ekyewunzifu okusinga okukisitula mu busimba okukyambusa waggulu. Essikirizo likifuula kyangu okutambuza ekintu okukissa wansi okusinga okukirinnyisa wansi ku kitendero ekyewunzifu.

Ebitendero ebyewunzifu nnyanguyirizi ezisobozesa okutikka oba okutikkula ebintu ebizito ku bimotoka ebya loole oba okusindika abalema mu kagaali okulinnya waggulu ku kizimbe kya kalina okuyita ku kitendero ekyewunzifu. Amadaala geyambisibwa ng’ekitendero ekyewunzifu okulinnya oba okukka okuva mu nsozi oba ebizimbe ebya kalina mu bwangu.

Kino kisobozesa ebizito okuseetuka okuva ku kifo ekiri wansi okwolekera ekigulumivu   oba ekifo ekigulumivu okudda wansi Ekitendero ekyewunzifu (inclined plane) kiyamba okugonza ennyambusa y’ebizito waggulu mu busimba.

Mu nnyanguyirizi ez’ekitendero ekyewuzifu oba omuseetwe omwewunzifu zisangibwa mu nguudo, amadaala, ebiyiringitiro by’eggali y’omukka, “ebikoba ebyetoloola conveyor belts), ebiyitiro by’obugaali bw’abalema, n’ebirala.

Mu sessomo ly’ekibalangulo, waliwo enkula ez’essomampimo ez’ekitendero (plane figures) n’ez’ekigulumiro (prisms) oba ez’enkalubo (solid figures oba ekibangirizo (space figures). Enkula ez’ekitendero ziba ku mutendera gumu, ntegeeza ziba za museetwe nga bw’olaba olupapula oba emmeeza. Mu kitendero ekyewunzifu empalirizo eyetaagisa okuyimusa ekintu okuyita mu buwanvu obugere ekendezebwa nga oyongeza obuwanvu empalirizo mw’eba erina okuteekebwa ku kintu.

Teebereza engeri gy’oyimusa ekintu nga kizitowa emirundi ebiri egy’obuzito bwo okukiteeka waggulu ku fuuti munaana ate era olowooze ekibaawo nga okiyiringisizza (rolling) ku safeesi ennewunzifu. Eno eba eyanguya. Ebitendero ebyewunzifu (enclined planes) era bitera okukozesebwa mu bikozesebwa okusala era ebitendero bibiri ebyewunzifu biteekebwa mugongo ku mugongo okukola ekisaziso (wedge).

Eddaala nalyo kika kya nnyanguyirizi ey’ekitendero ekyewunzifu.

Amadaala amewunzifu mu mitendera egy’enjawulo nga gano nnyanguyirizi ya kika ki?
Empalirizo z'Obuziba(Atomic forces)

“Obuziba” bwe butoffaali obuzimba “nabuzimbe” (the building blocks of matter). Bwe twogera ku “empalirizo z’obuziba” era tuba tutegeeza “empalirizo za atomu” (atomic forces). 

Obuzimbe bw’Obuziba bwefaananyiriza akatoffaali kano wansi nga kazimbulukusiddwa enzimbulukusa (microscope). Mu luganda olwa sayansi bwe twogera ku “buziba” tutegeeza “atomu”.

Obuziba bwa nabuzimbe(matter) mubaamu :

(i) obutonniinyo(=obotoffaali obutono ennyo) ne 

(ii) obutinniinya(=obutoffaali obutini ennyo) omuli akasonnyalazo, akakontanyo, ne nampawengwa
Enjuziso (Wedge)

Gakuweebwa Charles Muwanga !! Enjuziso era eba Ensaziso (Wedge)nga eno eba nnyanguyiriozi eyuza oba esala mu kintu, yadde empewo oba amayengo g'amazzi egayuza oba egasala ne kiyamba ekidduka okwejjawo amangu.

Mu ensazizo (wedge) omugendo ogwakiddamaaso (forward movement) gufuulibwa omugendo ogwabuluza (parting movement), oguba kapendikyula ku safeesi y’olubalama. Zipu eba mugattiko gwa nsaziso bbiri eza wansi ogusiba n’ensaziso eyawaggulu mu kusumulula.
Namuziga n'Ekikono(Wheel and Axle)

Gakuwebwa Charles Muwanga !!

Namuziga  n' Ekikono
(The Wheel, Axle and Gears)

Namuziga (wheels) zisangibwa mu buli kika kya nnyanguyirizi mu by’entambula ebisinga. Namuziga etwalibwa nga ekika ky’ensuubo ekikola omugendo omwetoloovu (circular motion or movement). Ekisinziiro (fulcrum) kya namuziga g’amakkati ga namuziga. Namuziga yetaaga ekikono (axle) kwe yekwata esobole okutambula.

Ekikono (axle) kiba namuziga entono mu makkati ga namuziga ennene. Ekikono bwe kyetoboola nga ne namuziga ennene nayo yetowola era eyinza okutambuza ekizito olugendo oluwanvu. Oyinza okulaba ekikono bw’otunula ku ggaali. Ekikono ye namuziga entono mu makkati ga namuziga ennene.
Ebiwangagano(Gears)

Gakuweebwa Charles Muwanga !!Ebiwangagano oba Ebiwango (gears) nakyo kika kya  namuziga n'enjuziso.
Ennyanguyirizi esookerwako eya namuziga n’ekikono (wheel and axle) esobozesa ekintu okuva mu kifo okuyita mu kwetoloola (rolling) olw’okukendeeza ekikuubagano.

Mu nnyanguyirizi eza namuziga n’ekikono mulimu motoka, eggaali, ekigaali, ebimotoka ebizannyisibwa abato, okunokoolayo ebimu.

Wombi mu nsuubo n’ekitendero ekyewunzifu, empalirizo yeyongera buli lw’okendeeza obuwanvu bw’olugendo. Mu namuziga n’ekikono era kino kye kimu; omugendo gwa namuziga guvaamu omugendo omumpi naye nga gwa maanyi ku kikono. Namuziga n’ekikono kitwalibwa nga ekisuubo ekyetoloovu (circular lever). Ebintu bingi bikolera ku namuziga n’ekikono, gamba nga ekisimiso eky’enjola (screw driver), ne siteeringi (steering wheel).

Eno eggaali (bicycle) nayo nnyanguyirizi ya namuziga n’ekikono
Ekigaali (wheel barrow) nakyo namuziga ya kikono.

Omunyolo guno wansi bw’ogunyoola nagwo gukola nga namuziga n’ekikono. Ate ekkufulu eno ng’obadde otaddemu ekisumuluzo eba nnyanguyirizi ya kika ki? 

Ebiwangagano n’Ebikoba
(Gears and Belts)

Ensengekera ya namuziga n’ekikono efuuka ya mugaso nnyo singa bigattiddwa ku biwangagano n’ebikoba. 

Ekifaananyi kino kiraga ekiwango ekinene n’ekiwango ekitono okuva ku maweto ag’enjawulo abiri. Okutegeera emngeri ebiwango gye bikolamu kyetaagisa ng’obandde oyiga ku nnyanguyirizi ezisookerwako.

Ebiwangagano bikozesebwa okukyusa obwolekero oba emisinde gy’omugendo kyokka okukyusa emisinde gy’ekyetoloola ekifuulannenge (changing the speed of rotation inversely) kirina kye kikola kumpalirizo eba eweerezebwa. Ekiwangano ekitono (small gear) nga kiwangiddwa n’ekiwangagano ekinene kiba kyetoloola okusingawo kyokka nga kikozesa empalirizo ntono. Waliwo ebiwanganano ebisookerwako birina amaanyo agewangagana.

Amannyo ga Namuziga ey’ebiwangagano emu gawangagana n’amannyo aga namuziga ez’ebiwanagagno endala. Namuziga ez’amannyo emu ereetera namuziga ez’ammannyo endala okuva mu kifo nga yetoloola.

Ebiwangagano bireetera ekidduka okwongeza oba okukendeeza omuliiro n’okwongeza empalirizo ey’okuweta. Ebiwangagano bisangibwa mu bidduka ng’emotoka, eggaali, n’ennyanguyirizi endala.
Engozo n'Engolo(Cams and Cranks)

Gakuweebwa Charles Muwanga !!Engozo n’engolo (Cams and Cranks)  

Byombi, engozo n’engolo byetaagisa singa oba oyagala okuva okw’omundinganwa (repetitive motion). Engozo (cams) zikola okuva okwebonga (rotary motion) nga zijja ekikono mu makakkati. 

Engozo zitera kukiolera wamu n’akakono (rod). Engozo bwe yebonga (rotate) akakono kasigala mu kifo kimu okutuuka nga akebindu k’engozi   nga kasindise akakono okuva ku kakono k’engozo.   

   
Engolo (Cranks) zifuula okuva okw’okwebonga (rotary motion) omugendo omugolokofu (linear motion). Mu kyebongolo namuziga yebongera ku kikono ekiri mu makkati. 

Ekyebongozo kireetera enkunu (pistyon) okwebonga ng’edda wansi ne waggulu mu nkinu (cylinder).
Ekigaaniro (Inertia)

Gakuweebwa Charles Muwanga !! Ekigambiro (Inertia)

Ekigaaniro (Inertia) kinnyonnyozo kya buli kintu. Ekigaaniro  kifundiwazo kya kigambululo “ekigaanira mu mbeera ey'embiro” (an experience of resistance to change when running).

Enkyukakyuka mu mugendo (okuva) teggirawo olw’okutolontoka okubaawo. Okukendeeza ebiro, okwongeza embiro n’okukyusa obwolekero zonna kyukakyuka mu kuva oba mu mugendo gw’ekintu oba omuntu.

Engeri yokka ey’okukyusa omugendo gw’ekintu kwe kuteeka empalirizo (to apply a force) ku kintu ekyo. Bw’osimula omupiira mu kisaawe ekiguleetera okuyimirira kiba mpalirizo za kikuubagano (frictional forces) eziba ziketeekeddwako.

Ekigaaniro  kiba kya mbiro, kino nga kiba kigendana n’enzitoya (proportional to mass), ekitegeeza nti ekintu ekizitowavu (massive) okusingawo kiba kizibuwavu okuseetula oba okuyimiriza okusinga ekiwewufu, yadde ne kusafeesi etalina kikuubagano.
Seppulingi (Spring)

Gakuweebwa Charles Muwanga !!Seppulingi (springs)

Ekintu eky’enkizo mu kutereka amasoboza amatereke ye seppulingi.

 Ebintu bingi, okuva ku masaawa okutuuka ku butida bikozesa seppulingi. Seppulingi zirimu ezo ez’amakata (coil) n’ey'oluuma oba olubaati olwewetamu. Omugaso gwa seppulingi ogusooka kwe kuzza ekintu mu kifo mwe kibadde. 

Seppulingi zikozesebwa okupima empalirizo, nga zino ze seppulingi eziba mu minzaani. Omugaso omulala kwe kutereka amasoboza.

Seppulingi zikola emigaso egyo gyonna  buli kiseera kyokka waliwo ennyanguyirizi ezikolebwa okweyambisa seppulingi mu ngeri ez’enjawulo.
Labbabbandi(Rubberband)

Gakuweebwa Muwanga !!Labbabbandi 

Labbabbandio (Rubber Bands)    nayo kika kya seppulingi lwa kuba nti yo ereguuga okusinga seppulingi
Nayitogyeni(Nitrogen)

Gakuweebwa Charles Muwanga !! "Atomu ya Nayitogyeni" oba "akaziba ka nayitogyeni"(Nitrogen atom) 

Munda mw’omulangaatira gw’enjuba emmyufu (red giant star), enjuba ekwasawaza wamu obuziba obuwewufu(atomu empewufu) okusingawo n’efulumya amasoboza agatondekawo obuziba obuzito( atomu enzito) okusingawo.

Nayitogyeni y’emu ku atomu zino enzito okusingawo ezisigalira ng’enjuba ekwasiwazza atomu za kaboni. 

Omulangaatira gw’enjuba omumyufu bwe gutandika okufuuka semufu (supernova), naitogyeni munda mwayo awaguza n’ayingira mu bwengula n’afuuka ekitundu ku nabire (nebula) oba ekire obwaguuga ekikwafu mu bwengula. Nayitogyeni yenna mu bwengula ava munda mu njuba.

Nayitogyeni asinga mu bwengula abeera mu nabire zino okusinga ng’akwatagana n'obuziba bwa nayitogyeni( atomu za naitogyeni) endala okukola molekyo ez'obuziba bwa nayitogyeni ( atomu za nayitogyeni)  bubiri.

Obuziba bwa nayitogyeni (Atomu za nayitogyeni) buba n’obusannyalazo butaano mu kire kyabwo ekyo ku ngulu kyokka bulina ekifo ekigyamu obusannyalazo munaana.

Butera okukwatagana n'obuziba( atomu) bwa nayitogyeni obulala , buli kamu ne kagabana   obusannyalazo okujjuza ebire kubanga molekyo za nayitogyeni ziba nzigumivu nnyo (are very stable), tezitera nnyo kwegatta na buziba(atomu) bwa bika birala. Kyetaagisa amasoboza mayitirivu okukutula mu molekyo ya nayitogyeni. Kyokka omu ku nayitogyeni mu bwengula yafuuka kitundu ku molekyo za “kaboni owa nakazzi” (hydrocarbon) eziyitibwa “amino asidi” (amino acids).

Ensi bwe yatondekebwawo emyaka nga obukadde busatu n’ekitundu, omu ku naitogyeni n’agwa mu nsika y’ensi (earth’s gravity), nafuuka ekirungo ekisingayo mu mpewo y’ensi. Mu butuufu ebitundu ebisiki mu ¾ eby’empewo y’ensi bya molekyo za naitogyeni.

Obulamu bwe bwali bwakabaawo ku nsi emyaka nga obukadde 3.5 egiyise, obutaffaali bwakozesa nayitogyeni okukola molekyo z’ebizimbamubiri (protein molecules), kino nga kitundu kw’ekyo ekikola obutaffaali, n’okukola molekyu y’endagabutonde (DNA), matiiriyo y’obuzaale esobozesa obutaffaali okwezaala. 

Bakitiriya ezakozesa nayitogyeni ono bwe zaafa, nayitogyeni n’avunda mu mibiri gyazo era amangu ddala ebimera ebizibuwavu (complex plants) okusingawo ne bijjawo nabyo nga bikozesa nayitogyeni ono.

Ebimera bikozesa nayitogyeni nga bakitiriya bwe zimukozesa okukola aminasidi n’ebizimbamubiri. Ensolo, omuli n’abantu zetaaga nayitogyeni lwa nsonga ze zimu. Tufuna naitogyeni waffe okuyita mu kulya ebimera nga kaloti oba lettoosi oba nga tulya ensolo endala.
Ensikiso (Pulleys)

Gakuweebwa Charles Muwanga !! Ensikiso (Pulleys)

Ensikiso nazo zeyambisa namuziga okukola. Ensikiso eba nnyanguyirizi esookerwako ekolebwa mu namuziga ey’akakyaakya (grooved wheel), ekikono n’olukoba oba olugwa olusikibwa nga lusibiddwajko ekizito ku luuyi olulala, ne luyiringitira ku namuziga nga lutwala waggulu ekizito gye giba kyetaagisa okutikkulirwa.

Ensikiso zikozesebwa okugonza oba okwanguyiriza ensitula y’ekizito. Ensikiso ekola ng’esika wansi olugwa oluyiringitira ku namuziga. Ekizito olwo kkyo kiba kidda waggulu. Ensikiso bbiri oba okusingawo ziyinza okukozesebwa wamu okuzisobozesa okwanguya okusitula ebizito ebizitowa n’okusingawo.

Eby’okulabirako ky’ennyanguyirizi ez’ensikiso mulimu ebyozangoye (washing machine), ebikazangoye (clothes driers), n’ebisituzo (cranes).

Ennyanguyirizi ezisookerwako eziyitibwa ensikiso zisobozesa okusitula ebizito n’olugwa mu bwangu okuyita mu kukyusa obwolekero bw’empalirizo buli lw’ogattako ensikizo endala.
Mu bungi kisigala “nsikiso” (pulleys). Jjukira nti emiramwa “essikirizo” (gravity), “ensikirizo” (magnetic attraction), ne “ensikiso” (pulley) byonna biva mu kikolwa eky’okusika (to pull). Wetegereze enjawulo mu mpandiika n’amakulu gabyo mu sayansi.

Ensikiso kifundiwavo ky’ekigambululo “ekyo ekisika ekizito”. Ensikiso zikozesebwa okukyusa obwolekero bw’empalirirzo eba eteekeddwa ku kintu oba okuteekawo ekikwanaganyo ky’empalirizo n’obuwanvo (to provide a force/distance trade off) okwongereza ku kukyusa obwolekero. Wano wansi olaba “enkizo ey’ekitambuzo” (mechanical advantage). 

Ng’akozesa enkizo ey’ekitambuzo eya 2 ku 1, omusajja mu nsikirizo eno, omusajja asika olugwa ekiviiramu ekizito okudda waggulu.

Ensikiso zanguya embiibya kubanga zikozesa nkoba oba emigwa okuweereza oba okuyisaawo empalirizo mu kifo ky’ekintu ekigumu nga olubaawo oba ekitayimbwa. Ebikoba biyinza okuyisibwa mu buyitiro obwa buli kika. Ebikoba biyinza okukyusa obwolekero embagirawo mu mpimo satu awatali kutataagagnya kwonna. Ebikobwa biyinzaokwetoloozebwa safuta ya mota nga mota bwe yetoloola.

Bendera ku ewanikibwa okuyita mu nnyanguyirizi ey’ensikiso.

Ensikiso enzibuwavu (Complex pulleys)

Ebikoba birina enkizo kubanga engeri gye bikolamu tekosebwa buwanvu. Singa ekikono ky’ekisuubo kiba kiwanvu nnyo, kiba tekisobola kuwatanya bipimo bya mpalirizo ekyo ekimpi kye kye kiyinza okukolako.

 Mu kisuubo okutambuza obuwanvu obugere nga wakava ku kayiringiro, enkomerero y’ekisuubo erina okutambula obuwanvu obugendana n’obuwanvu bwayo .Obuwanvu bw’ekisuubo bwe bweyongera, obusobozi bw’ekisuubo okukutuka awantu wonna kubuwanvu bwalwo buba bweyongera.
Kalinjola (Screw)

Gakuweebwa Charles Muwanga !! Kalinjola (screws)

Zino z’ennyanguyirizi ez’enjola (Screws).	Ennyanguyirizi ey’enjola kika kya kitendero ekyewunzifu (an inclined plane) ezingiriddwa ku nkinu (cylinder). 

Mu kitendero ekyewunzifu (in an inclined plane0) empalirizo engolokofu (a linear force) mu kitendero ekigalamivu efuulibwa empalirizo esitula ng’edda waggulu mu busimba. 

Kalinjola (screw) bw’enyoolebwa, enjola (screw threads) za kalinjola zisindika waggulu ku muti. Empalirizo ey’ensindikano (a reaction force) okuva mu muti n’esindika wansi okudda emabega ku njola. 

Mu ngeri eno kalinjola edda wansi yadde ng’empalirizo enyoleza kalinjola eri mu kitendero kya bugalamivu. Kalinjola ziba n’ekikuubagano eky’amaanyi (high friction), ensonga lwaki zeyambisibwa okukunywereza ebintu awamu.
Aluminiyamu

Gakuweebwa Charles Muwanga !! Akaziba ka Aluminiyamu era oyinza okukayita Atomu ya Aluminiyamu (Alminium atom) mu Luganda !

Aluminiyaamu:

•	Akabonero: Al 

•	Namba ya akaziba: 13 

•	Kiva mu kya Lulattini alumen, oba"ekikaawa ennyo ".

Aluminiyamu bwe bumu ku buziba(atomu) obuzito ennyo , akatandikira okutondekebwa(okukolebwa) mu mulangaatira gw’enjuba omumyufu nga enjuba etandise okuzikira.

Akaziba (Atomu) ka aluminiyamu kaba n’obukontanyo 13, nampawengwa 14, n’obusannyalazo 13, n’olwekyo aluminiyamu kika kya “kyuma”. Mu kire ekyo ku ngulu mulimu obusannyalazo 3 ate ng’ekire kino kiyinza okwetikka obusannyalazo obutuuka ku kumi na munaana, ekitegeeza nti obusannyalazo buno obusatu buba buyayaanira okwegatta n’obusannyalazo okukola atomu endala eziriranyeewo.

Mu magombe g’ensi mulimu aluminiyamu mungi ddala. Mu butuufu aluminiyaamu y'endagakintu(element) esinga okusangibwa   mu magombe g’Ensi, ng’ojjeko okisigyeni ne sirikoni. 8% ey’amagombe g’Ensi aba aluminiyamu kyokka aluminiyamu ono yenna yegattise  n'obuziba obw’ebika ebirala kubanga aluminiyamu ng’ali yekka taba muggumivu (is unstable). Eky’okurabirako, endagakintu(elements)  zino essatu ezisinga okukyaka zegatta okukola “ebbumba erya kooliini (kaolini clay), lino ng’ababumbi Abachina lye beyambisanga okukola “polisereeni“(Porcelain).

Mu nsi eyadda, abantu tebakozesanga aluminiyamu ku bubwe  yekka kubanga tewaaliwo ngeri ya kumwawula n’ajjibwa mu atomu(obuziba) endala mw’asangibwa. Ku mulembe guno, tuyinza okwawula aluminiyamu nga tukozesea amasanyalaze ag’amaanyi amayitirivu. Tukozesa aluminiyamu mungi kubanga muwewufu ate nga mwangu okukolako ate nga tatalagga.

Ennyonyi okusinga zizimbibwa mu aluminiyamu era n’obukebe bwa sooda bukolebwa mu aluminiyamu. Eno y’ensonga lwaki kyetaagisa nnyo okuzza obugya (recycle) obukebe bwa soda okwewala okukozesa amasanyalaze ge wandikosezza okujja aluminiyaamu omujja mu atomu endala.
Sirikooni(Siricon)

Gakuweebwa Charles Muwanga !!! Akaziba ka Sirikooni era oyinza okukayita  atomu ya Sirikoni (siricon atom)mu Luganda. 

Omulangaatira gw’enjuba omumyufu bwe gukaddiwa ne guggwamu amafuta ga keriyamu (helium fuel), gutandika okukyusa atomu za sirikooni yenna akolebwa mu ngeri eno, munda mw’enjuba emyufu eno omulangaatira.

Sirikooni azitowa okusinga okisegyeni kubanga okisigyeni alina obukontanyo 8 bwokka mu makkati ge ate nga sirikoni alina 14. Enjuba bw’eggwibwako okisigyeni etandika okukyusa sirikoni okumufuula erementi enzito okusingawo eya kkalwe (iron).

Omulangaatira gw’enjuba omumyufu bwe gufuuka semufu (supernova) ne gwabika, sirikooni asigaddewo munda mu njuba awaguza n’afuluma okuyingira obwengula n’afuuka ekitundu ku nabire empya. Sirikooni si muggumivu era tasobola kubaawo yekka ku bubwe ng’ali  wabweru w’enjuba. Sirikooni ky’akola kwe kwekwata ku atomu ez’ekika ekirala oba okwekwata ku atomu za sirikooni endala, okukola molekyu.

Enkulungo (planet) bwe zitondekebwawo, ezimu ku atomu za sirikooni zifuuka kitundu ku nkulungo ezo empya. Kimu kya kuna eky’amagombe g’enkulungo y’Ensi galimu atomu za sirikoni.

Enjazi nga “kyalwazi” (quartz), ferisipaali (feldspar) ne golanayiti (granite) zikolebwa “siriko” (silica). Omusenyu gwo ku mbalama z’ennyanja ogusinga nagwo gukolebwa siriko (silica). Ebimera n’ensolo zonna byetaaga ebipimo bya siriko ebitono okubaawo yadde nga siriko wa mugaso okusinga mu bimera.

Kubanga sirikooni alabika nnyo, abantu nabo bakozesa sirikooni okukola ebirawuli ne mu kukola kompyuta. Ne ppati owa siriko (silly putty) naye akolebwa mu sirikooni.
Salufa (Sulphur)

Gakuweebwa Charles Muwanga !! Akaziba ka Salufa era oyinza okukayita Atomu ya Salufa (Sulphur atom) 

Obuziba bwa Salufa buzito  okusinga obwa sirikooni naye buwewufu okusinga obwa kkalwe. Buli kaziba ka salufa kalina obukontanyo 16 ne nampawengwa 16. Okufaanana sirikooni ne kkalwe, obuziba bwa Salufa bwonna bukolebwa munda mwa njuba ezikaddiwa era nga zikozesezza amafuta gaazo naye nga tezinnafuuka semufu (supernovas).

Enjuba bw’efuuka semufu, efulunya Salufa era omu ku salufa ono n’afuuka kitundu ku nkulungo nga Ensi. Era tumanyi nti waliwo salufa mungi nnyo ku gumu ku myezi gya kibuuka (Jupitor).

Ku nsi, salufa atera okufaanana olwazi olugonvu olwa kyenvu.  Waliwo salufa mungi mu njuba z’amagi era salufa ono kye kimu ku bifuula enjuba y’eggi okuba eya kyenvu era bw’owunya ku njuba y’eggi effumbe, ewunya nga molekyo ya“salufadi ne kitondekamazzi” nga (hydron sulfide), eno nga molekyo eya atomu za mazzi ne salufa.

Salufa y’aleetera amagi amavundu okuwunya obubi ennyo. Lwaki enjuba z’amagi zirina salufa mungi nnyo kiva ku kuba nti ekitundu ku “obutaffaali bw’obulamu” (living cells) bwonna, obw’ebimera n’ensolo bukolebwa salufa, ekitegeeza nti eggi bwe liba likula okufuuka akakoko  akato, ako kaba kalina okukozesa salufa oyo okukula. Salufa asimibwa mu nsozi z’ebipuluko (volcanic mountains).
Kololiini

Gakuweebwa Charles Muwanga !!! Akaziba ka kololiini era oyinza okukayita Atomu ya Kololiini (Chlorine acid) !

Kiroliini (Chlorine):

•	akabonero : Cl 

•	namba y'akaziba : 17 

•	kiva mu kya lugereeki khlôros (kiragala)

Kololiini ke kaziba(atomu) akalina obukontanyo 17 ate ng’etera okuba ne nampawengwa 18 oba 20 mu buziizi bwako(in its nucleus)  n’obusannyalazo 17 obuweweenyuka okwetoloola obuziizi bwako.

Obuziba bwa  kololiini okufaanana obulala obuwewufu  okusingako nga obwa okisigyeni, butondekebwa munda mwa njuba ne bulyoka bumansuka  okuyingira mu bwengula ng’enjuba efuuse semufu (supanova).

Ku nsi, kololiini akola molekyo ez'obuziba bwa  kololiini bubiri. Kololiini ggaasi ya kiragala emperuufu (pale green gas). Obuziba bwa kololiinio(Atomu za kololiini) bulina obusannyalazo 2 mu kire ekisambayo ku buziizi(on the nucleus), obusannyalazo 8 mu kire ekyokubiri, obusannyalazo 7 mu kire ekisembayo ku ngulu. Kino kitegeeza nti atomu za kololiini si nzigumivu era zetaagayo okugattako akasannyalazo kamu kokka ku kire kino ekisembayo ku ngulu ekirina obusannyalazo musanvu. Kino kiba kifuula atomu ya kololiini okuba enzigumivu (stable).

Olw’okubaawo akasannyalazo kano akamu akabulako, obuziba(atomu) bwa kololiini, bwanguwa okwegatta n'obuziba obw’ekika ekirala kyonna obuba n’akasannyalazo kamu akayiseemu.

Sodiyaamu, ke kaziba( atomu) ek’ekika kino akasinga okubaawo era mu bwengula ne ku nsi obuziba bwa  sodiyaamu ne kololiini bwegatta nga bweyambisa amazzi okukola molekyo y’omunnyo. 

Kololiini era yegattika mangu n’amazzi okukola molekyo ya asidi okuva mu kaziba ka ayidologyeni, okisigyeni, ne kololiini era tukakozesa okutta bakitiriya mu mazzi, okulaba nga si ga bulabe kuwugiramu na kunywa. 

Amazzi amakolonaate (cholinated water) gatta bbakitiriya kubanga gakutukamu kololiini ne okisegyeni. Kololiini ne okisigyeni byetaaga obusannyalazo obulala era bwegatta mu bwangu ne atomu ez’ebika ebirala.

Bwe bitomera bakitiriyamu, zegatta n’ezimu ku atomu ez’akabubi ka lipido (lipid membrane) ak’akataffaali ka bakitiriyamu. Olwo "akabubi ka lipido" (lipid membrane) ne katonnya. Kaba tekakyasobola kutereka katopulaazi (cytoplasm) munda mwa kataffaali nate era akataffaali kafiirawo.
Kalusiyaamu (Calcium)

Gakuweebwa Charles Muwanga !!! Akaziba ka Kalusiayaamu era kayitibwa Atomu ya Kalusiyaamu (Calcium atom)!!

**Kalisiyaamu** (*Calcium*):
 * Akabonero: Ca
* Namba y'akaziba : 20 
* Okuva mu ky’olulattini  calcis (lime)

Enjuba bw’eba ng’eri mu kukyuka, atomu zayo eza kaboni ne okisegyeni zonna okuzifuula kkalwe (iron), etondekawo atomu ya kalusiyaamu. Akaziba ka kalusiyaamu kamu kaba n’obukontanyo 20 n’obusannyalazo 20 ne nampa 20. Kalusiyaamu kyuma ekiwewufu, nga kigumu okusinga ekikulembero (lead).

Enjuba bw’eba emaze okukyusa atomu zayo okuzizza mu kkalwe, etulika, n’esasaanya atomu za kalusiyaamu mu nabire empya (new nebula). Obuziba bwa  kalusiyaamu mu nabire yaffe, eyafuuka ensengekera y’enjuba Muwanga, bwakolebwa mu kitundu ky’ensi ekimu ekifuula kalusiyaamu okuba endagakintu ey’okutaano esingayo okuba mu magombe g’Ensi (Earth’s crust).

Kalusiyamu asinga ku nsi yegasse ne kaboni okukola molekyo za kalusiyamu ne kaboni eziyitibwa kalusiyamukaboneeti (Calcium carbonate) omuva “enjazi ez’ekitendero” (sedimentary rocks) ng’amayinja ga layimu (limestone) ne kyooka (chalk).

Kyokka kalusiyaamu era y’emu ku atomu ezenyigira mu kukola ebiramu. Sipongi (sponges) n’ensolo endala zikola obuzimbe bwazo obugumu mu kalusiyaamu era ensolo zi kaalugamba (chordates) zikola amagumba gaazo n’ebisosonkole by’amagi mu kalusiyaamu.