Ekifulumyalubugumu(Radioactivity)

Ekifulumyalubugumu(Radioactivity)

Okusinziira ku Charles Muwanga , "okufulumya olubugumu"(to emit radiation) kuba kubumbulukuka kwa ndagabuzimbe(elements) nga obuziizi(nuclei) bwazo si buggumivu(are unstable).Kyokka era n'endagabuzimbe nga obuziizi bwazo buggumivu nazo ziyinza okukolebwako ne bufuuka obutali buggumivu. Endagabuzimbe ezirina obuziizi obutali buggumivu(unstable nuclei) mulimu yulaniyaamu. Weetegerezeze  emiramwa gino:

(i) Obuziizi (nuclei)

(ii)Obuziba (atoms)

(iii) Obuziizi obuggumivu(stable nuclei)

(iv) Obuziizi obutali buggumivu (unstable nuclei)

(v) Oluyengo (radiation).Olubugumu lw'amayengo = Oluyengo (radiation)

(vi) Okufulumya olubugumu lw'amayengo=Okufulumya oluyengo ( to  emit radiation)

(vii) Endagabuzimbe (elements). Endagabuzimbe = Ennabuzimbe

(viii)Ekifulumyalubugumu(Radioactivity).Ekifulumyalubugumu = ekikolwa eky'okufulumya olubugumu(radioactivity)

(ix) Ekibumbulukuko(Radioactivity). Ekikolwa eky'obuziizi bw'endagabuzimbe okubumbulukuka ne kiviirako okufulumya olubugumu olw'amayenfo (emission of radiation) kiba kibumbulukuko(radioactivity)

Endagabuzimbe/nabuzimbe(elements) ezisinga zirina "obuziizi obuggumivu"(stable nuclei) n'olwekyo tezirina muze gwa kubumbulukuka(decay) nti zifuukemu ebika by'obuziizi ebirala.

Obuziizi obumu obusangibwa mu butonde , naddala obwo obuli ku nkomerero ya "omweso gw'endagabuzimbe"(table of chemical elements) si buggumivi (are unstable) era bubumbulukuka(the decay) okufuukamu obuziizi obw'enjawulo nga bufulumya obutoffaali(obusirifaali) obulimu amasoboza amayitirivu(highly energetic).

Obuziizi nga obwo (such nuclei)  , bugambibwa okukola "ekifulumyalubugumu eky'obutonde"  (natural radioactivity) era ekiyitibwa "ekibumbulukuko ek'obutonde".

Ekibumbulukuko oba ekifulumyalubugumu kiva mu kubumbulukuka(decay) ky'obuziizi obutali buggumivu(unstable nuclei).

Obukakafu obwasooka ku kifulumyalubuhgumu eky'obutonde(natural radioactivity) bwakolebwa Munnassomabuzimbe Omufaransa(French Physicist) Antoine Henri becquerel (1858-1908) mu 1896 , bwe yazuula nti "ekipooli eky'enkyusabuziba"(chemical compound) ekirimu endagabuzimbe eya yulaniyaamu akabubi ak'ekitangalijjo(Photographic film)akaali akateekeddwa okugiliraana mu kkabada yadde nga akabubi kaali kazingiddwa mu lupapula oluddugavu.

Becquerel yateebereza nti obuziba obumu(some atoms) mu kipooli kya yulaniyaamu bwali bufulumya obutoffaali obusirikitu(obusrifaali) obulina amasoboza agamala okuyita mu lupapula omuzingiddwa akabubi(film) okusobola okulag akabubi k'ekitangalijjo.

Mu kaseera katono , kyakakasibwa nti obuziba bwa yulaniyaamu(uranium atoms) bwe buvaako kino, kuba ssi buggumivu(are unstable) era bubumbulukufu (are radioactive, they decay).

"Butoffaali/busirifaali  ki obufulumizibwa obuziizi obubumbulukufu mu butonde ?" 

Mu nnaku ezasooka mu kunoonyereza ku kifulumyalubuhgumu/ekibumbulukuko(radioactivity) , obutonde bw'obutoffaali(obusirifaali) buno bwali tebumanyiddwa bulungi era Lord Rutherford kye yakola kwe kubwawula nga yeyambisa ennukuta ezisooka essatu eza waliifu w'olugereeki eza:

(a) Alufa (Alpha)

(b) Beta (Beta)

(c) Ggama(Gamma)

Oluvannyuma kyaazuulibwa nti emigendo(rays) egyo girina enkula bweziti:

(i) Emigemdo gya Alufa(Alpha rays). Gino  giba buziizi bwa keriyaamu(herium nuclei) obuba bwambuddwako obusannyalazo bwabwo(stripped of their electrons).

Obuitoffaali bubo obuzito nga obugerageranyizza n'obulala , buggwamu mangu  amasoboza og'okuva nga butomeregenye, butambula ekigeranyo(average) kya yinsi emu mu mpewo ne bulyoka bwegatta n'obusannyalazo obutayaaya(free elecrons) okufuuka obuziba bwa keriyaamu owa bulijjo.

(b) Emigendo gya beta (Beta rays). Buno buba busannyalazo obwa bulijjo (ordinary electrons), obwawukana n'obusannyalazo obusangibwa ku buziba kungulu kwokka kubanga butondekebwawo(they are created) mu kubumbulukuka  kw'obuziizi obubumbulukufu(radioactive nuclei).

(c) Emigendo gya Ggama(Gamma rays).