open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Obwebulungirivu (Perimeter)

Obwebulungirivu(Perimeter) okusinziira ku Charles Muwanga !

Weetegereze nti  mu essomampimo, Obuwanvu okwebulungula enkula etali nnetoloovu(non-circular shape) buyitibwa "obwebulungirivu"(Perimeter).

Okwebulungula ekintu si kye kimu n’okukyetoloola. 

Okukyetoloola kitegeeza nti  akatonnyeze kaakyo ak’amakkati(midpoint) okakozeeko enkula ennetoloovu=entoloovu(circle). Kyokka Okukyebulungula kitegeeza nti tokoze nkula netoloovu. Obuwanvu okwetoloola enkula ennetoloovu=entoloovu(circle) ky’ekiyitibwa Obwetoloovu. Weetegereze ebigambululo bino:

(a) Amagye g'omukago getooloode ekibuga  Kigali.This implies that it is surrounded in circular shape, it is encircled.

(b)Amagye g'omugako gebulungudde ekibuga KIgali. This means that it is surrounded but  not necessarily in a circular shape.
Entakyuka eya Paayi (the Pi constant)

Entakyuka eya Paayi (the Pi constant)okusinziira ku Charles Muwanga.

Buli lw’ogabiza Olusekkati(Diameter) mu obwetoloovu(circumference)  bw’entoloovu yonna oba ofuna entakyuka(constant).

Entakyuka eno eyitibwa “Paayi”(Pi) era ekunuukiriza 3.142
Okukomola Abasajja

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Okukumola abasajja kwe kusalako oluliba lw'omu maaso olubeera ku busajja. Mu kukomola, eddagala erisannyalaza ery'enjawulo litera okukozesebwa, nga kino kiyambako okukendeeza ku bulumi ng'omuntu akomolebwa. Waliwo eddagala erisannyalaza eritera okukozesebwa eryekinnansi erisiigibwa obusiigibwa ku busajja naye ng'ate waliwo n'ezzungu eriyisibwa mu kayiso okusobola okusannyalala.

### Ensonga ezireetera okukomola abasajja

Ebiseera ebisinga wabeerawo okukomolebwa kw'abaana abalenzi n'abasajja abalondemu olw'ensonga z'eddiini oba ebyobuwangwa byabwe.

Kyokka ate omulundi omulala omuntu ayinza okukomolebwa lwa nsonga ya bujjanjabi oba okukendeeza ku mikisa gy'okukwatibwa endwadde. Era oluusi okukomolebwa kukolebwa nga bwe bujjanjabi bwokka obusoboka, gamba nga mu mbeera ng'oluliba olwo olubeera mu maaso g'obusajja lutono nnyo, era nga terukyakkiriza busajja kweyongera kukula, era ng'awo luba lulina okusalwako obusajja bukule. Oba singa wabaawo okukuubagana wakati w'oluliba olwo n'omutwe gw'obusajja, ekitera okuleetawo n'okufuna amabwa, olwo era omuntu aba alina okukomolebwa olw'embeera eno.

N'ekirala okukomolebwa kubaawo okwetangira n'okukendeeza ku mikisa ky'okukwatibwa endwadde ezikwata ebitundu ebikungaanya n'okutambuza omusulo ezitera okuleetebwa obukyafu.

### Okukomola mu nsi yonna

Ebitongole by'ebyobulamu mu nsi yonna bikubiriza abasajja n'abaana abalenzi okwekomoza, naye nga si kya buwaze. Obujulizi bulaga nti okukomolebwa kw'abasajja kukendeeza ku mikisa gy'okukwatibwa kw'akawuka akaleeta endwdde ya Mukenenya (siriimu) naddala mu basajja abeegatta n'abakazi ababeera wansi w'eddungu Sahara mu Afirika, era ekitongole ekikulira ebyobulamu mu nsi yonna kikubiriza abasajja okwekomoza ng'emu ku nkola ey'okwetagiramu endwadde ya siriimu (kikendeeza ku mikisa gy'okukwatibwa siriimu). Era kiyamba n'okwetangira endwadde nga kookolo  w'obusajja, wamu n'endwadde ezikwata nga ziyita mu musulo.

Kiteeberezebwa nti abasajja ebitundu kimu kyakusatu mu nsi yonna bakomole naye gn'abasinga obungi basangibwa mu nsi z'Abayisiraamu ne mu Israel. Mu nsi ezo okukomolebwa kukolebwa lwa nsonga za ddiini. Mu nsi z'e Bulaaya (Europe), Amerika ey'amaserengeta n'ebitundu ebirala nga Asia okukomolebwa kutono nnyo ddala.
Okumaanyuuka enviiri

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Okumanyuuka enviiri kitegeeza omuntu okugenda ng'akuunyuuka enviiri ku mutwe oba okuva mu bitundu by'omubiri ebirala, naye ng'okusingira ddala ku mutwe.
Okumaanyuuka oba okukuunyuuka kw'enviiri kuno tekutera kujja na obulumi oba okulekawo enkovu, newankubadde ng'abamu kitera okubaleetera okutaataagaanyizibwamu mu bwongo bwabwe.

### Ekireetera okumaanyuuka kw'enviiri

Mu bika by'obulwadde buno mulimu okukuunyuuka enviiri okw'abasajja, okw'abakazi, okumera ekiwalaata ssaako n'okuseenyuuka kw'enviiri. Ebiviirako abasajja okukuunyuuka enviiri kuliko ensonga ez'obuzaale ssaako obutaffaali obuba mu mubiri gw'omusajja. Kyokka yo mu bakazi ekiviirako ensonga eno tekyekakasika bulungi.

### Ekireeta ekiwalaata

Naye ekireetawo okumera ekiwalaata kisinga kwesigamizibwa ku ndya embi, nga n'eky'okuseenyuuka enviiri kisinga kuva ku kwerariikirira nnyo buli kiseera, ate era kitera nnyo n'okulabikira mu bakazi abali embuto.

Ebimu ku bireeta okukuunyuuka enviiri nga tafunye buvune bwonna kuliko: omuntu okuba ng'asikaasika nnyo enviiri ze, eddagala eritera okujjanjaba endwadde, okuba n'endwadde ya Mukenenya (Siriimu) ssaako endya embi, omuli n'obutaba na kirungo kya munnyo (*iron*) kimala mu mubiri. Kyokka byo ebireeta okumaanyuuka kw'enviiri okujja n'obulumi era n'okulekawo enkovu kuliko: endwadde ezireetebwa obuwuka gamba ng'ebiguuna, okuteeka omuntu mu byuma bye bakebeza endwadde, gamba ng'ekifaananyi (x-ray) n'ebirala.

Okukebera endwadde eno kisinziira ku kifo w'eba ekutte. Naye mu biyinza okuwonya endwadde eno kuliko okumanyiiza omubiri embeera y'obudde mw'oli, okukozesa eddagala ery'enjawulo, ssaako okulongoosa omutwe gw'omulwadde n'assibwako enviiri endala.
Obulwadde bw’Embwa obuluma abantu

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Obulwadde bw’embwa obuluma abantu (Rabies) buviirako endwadde y’ebizimba mu bwongo, mu bantu ne mu nsolo endala. Embwa bw'eba ndwadde ya bulwadde ate n'eruma omuntu, omuntu oyo afuna abulwadde bw'embwa obwo.

### Obubonero

Obumu ku bubonero bw’obulwadde buno bwe buno wammanga: omusujja n’okujigiza ewakoseddwa era nga obubonero buno bugobererwa n’obulala nga okutya amazzi, okusanyuukirira okususse, okufuna obuzibu mu kwekyusa, okubuzaabuzibwa n’obulala bungi. Oluusi n’okufa nakwo kubaamu oluvannyuma lw'ebbanga eriri wakati w’omwezi ogumu okutuuka n'esatu. oluvannyuma lw’okulumwa embwa endwadde oba etali ngeme newankubadde obudde bw’okufuniramu obubonero buno buyinza okukyuka n’ebubaawo mu wiiki emu oba omwaka gumu nga kino kisinzira ku bbanga obusagwa ly’ebutambulira mu mubiri okutuuka ku nsibuko y’obusimu.

Obulwadde bw’embwa busaasaana ng'embwa endwade erumye oba eyagudde ekisolo ekirala oba omuntu. Amalusu agava mu nsolo endwadde nago gasobola okusaasanya obulwadde bw’embwa singa amalusu ago gagenda mu maaso, mu kamwa, oba mu nnyindo. Songa ate emmese tezitera kulumwa bulwadde buno. Akawuka akasaasaanya obulwadde bw’embwa katambulira mu bwongo nga kagoberera obusimu. Obulwadde buno bujjanjabwa oluvannyuma lw’okulaba obubonero obwo waggulu.

### Engeri y'okuziyiza obulwadde buno

Okufuna ekumiro ly’ebisolo n’okugemebwa kw’embwa kukendezeza ku ndwadde y’embwa mu bitundu by’ensi ez'enjawulo. Okugema abantu nga tebannalumwa mbwa ndwadde kiziyiza okufuuna obulwadde buno. So ng'ate okwoza ekifo ekirumiddwa oba ekitakuddwa ne sabbuuni wamu n’amazzi okumala eddakiika kkumi na ttaano kiyinza okuyamba mu kutta obuwuka obumu obusaasaanya ekirwadde kino. Abantu batono abawonye obulwadde bw’embwa oluvannyuma lw’okulaga obubonero ng'era kibawo oluvannyuma lw’obujjanjabi obw'amaanyi obumanyiddwa nga *Milwaukee protocol*.
Abantu 24,000 ku 60,000 be bafa obulwadde bw’embwa buli mwaka mu nsi yonna, nga era obulwadde buno buli mu nsi 150 okuggyako mu Australia, Canada, Japan, Amerika n'ebitundu bya Bulaaya eby'Ebugwanjuba.
Embu z'Amannya

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Mu nnimi z'Abantu, n'Oluganda mwe lugwa, mulimu ekiyitibwa embu z'amannya. Embu zonna ziri 23 naye amannya agali mu Luganda gagwa mu mbu 21 ku ezo 23. Awo nno tugamba nti Oluganda lulina embu z'amannya 21.

### Omweso ogulaga embu z'amannya n'ebyokulabirako

### References

Ashton  et al. (1954) Luganda Grammar. Great Britain: Longmans, Green and Company.
Amatabi g'enambuluzo (Factor Trees)

Amatabi g'ennambuluzo (Factor trees)okusinziira ku Charles Muwanga .

Singa oba osabiddwa okuzuula nambuluzo eziterambulula(Prime numbers) eza 16 nag weyambisa amatabi g'ennambuluzo(Factor Trees) ,Okuzuula nambuluzo eziterambulula eza 16 ng tweyambisa amatabi,  tukola kino:  

Mu matabi ago waggulu olaba ennyingo (nodes) ez’enjawulo okutandika n’ennyingo 16 ey’ensibuko. Ennyingo ey’ensibuko egabizibwamu 2 n’evaamu ennyingo eza wansi bbiri, 8 ne 2. Wano ennyingo 2 terina kyana  wabula ennyingo 8 yo ezaala.

N’olwekyo, ekitondeko ky’ennyingo etalina kyana kye kikuwa nambuluzo za 16  nga  2x2x2x2 

Ansa entuufu eri : 2x2x2x2
Omugerageranyo gw'ekikumi (Ratio of 100, Percentage , % )

IALI NGO has been authorized by terminologist Charles Muwanga to post this article from his Luganda scientific  terminology works on Luganda Wikipedia for free public consumption.

"Emigerageranyo gy’Ekikumi" (%)
                   ( Percentages)

Omugerageranyo gw'ekikumi mu bufunze guyitibwa "omugeranyakikumi" oba "omugeranya100" . 

Emigerageranyo gy’wkikumi (Percentages) kitera kweyambisibwa okulaga emiwendo wakati wa  0 ne 1 kyokka kisoboka okulaga omugerageranyo gwonna ng’ekitundu ku kikumi, eky’okulabirako, 232%, kiba 2.32 ate 46% kiba 0.46.

Omugerageranyo gw'ekikumi (Ratio of 100)   kifundiwazo kya “omugerageranyo gw’ ekikumi  “ ekivvuunulwa  “ratio of 100”. 

Omukumi guba mugerageranyo ogw’’ekikumi (ratio of 100). Mu kibalangulo, omukumi kisonjolwa nga namba oba omugerageranyo (ratio) ogulagibwa nga “omukutule”= emwenkutule =“emu-enkutulemu” (fraction) erina “kinnawansi” (denominator) eya  100. Omugerageranyo gw’ekikumiguragibwa n’akabonero “%".
Eky’okulabirako, 25 % (kisomwa ebitundu abiri mu bitaano ku kikumi) kyenkana 25/100 oba 0.25. 

Omukumi   n’olwekyo guba mugerageranyo gwa kikumi (ratio of a hundred). Guno guba mugerageranyo nga ekinnawansi kya 100 
Tusobola okulaga emikutule   gino nga emigerageranyo egy’ekikumi (percentages or ratios of 100) nga tukozesa akabonero % :

(i)	10/100 = 10%  kisomwa ebitundu kumi ku kikumi

(ii)	25/100 = 25%  kisomwa ebitundu abiri mu bitaano ku kikumi

(iii)	50/100=50%    kisomwa ebitundu ataano ku kikumi

(iv)	75/100=75%  kisomwa ebitundu nsanvu mu bitaano ku kikumi

(v)	99/100 = 99% kisomwa ebitundu kyenda mu mwenda ku kikumi

Ensonjola: Omukumi guba mugerageranyo (ratio) nga ekinnawansi (denominator) kiri 100. Kino kiba kitegeeza ebitundu ku buli kikumi. Mu kibalangulo tukozesa akabonero % okulaga omugerageranyo ku bula kikumi.

Ka tukozese taabulo eno okugerageranya omugerageranyo, omukutule, n’emigerageranyo gy’ekikumi /

Ebitundu	Omukutule	Omugerageranyo bya 100.

10 ku 100	10/100	                 10%
25 ku 100	25/100	                 25%
50 ku 100	50/100	                 50%
75 ku 100	75/100	                 75%
99 ku 100	99/100	                 99%

Ate era buli mugerageranyo gwa kikumi (%) oyinza okuguwandiika nga “omutonnyeze”(Decimal number): 

(a)	10%  = 0.01

(b)	25%=  0.25

(c)	50% = 0.50

(d)	75% = 0.75

(e)	99% = 0.99
Endwadde y’Obulangula

Obulangula (Trachoma) ndwadde y'amaaso ereetebwa obuwuka obuyitibwa *Chlomydia trachomatis*. Obulangula bufuula eriiso okuba nga likambira era nga lisala, ekireetawo obulumi era n'okulwala kw'ekitundu ekibikka ku liiso, sinakindi n'okuzibira ddala amaaso. Obuwuka obuleeta endwadde eno busobola okusaasaanyizibwa singa amaaso gakwataganako n'ebintu ebirina akakwate konna ku maaso oba ennyindo y'omulwadde.

Obulwadde buno businga kusaasaanira mu baana okusinga abakulu. N'ebirala ebisaasaanya obulwadde buno kuliko obujama(obucaafu) obw'amazzi ate n'obwa kaabuyonjo (ttooyi). Ekirala kwe kubeera mu bifo eby'olukale (abantu abangi ennyo).

Engeri mwe tuyinza okuyita okweziyiza Obulangula ze zino: okukozesa amazzi amayonjo ate n'okufuba okukendeeza ku muwendo gw'abo ababulina nga bajjanjabibwa. Kino kiyinza okukolebwa nga wateekeddwawo okujjanjaba kw'abalina obulwadde buno, omulundi gumu, oba okujjanjaba abantu bonna abasangibwa mu bitundu obulwadde buno gye bumanyiddwa ennyo.

Obujjanjabi bwa Trachoma kuliko eddagala erimiribwa obumiribwa mu kamwa eriyitibwa *Azythromycin* oba eritonnyezebwa ku maaso eriyitibwa *Tetracycline*. Kyokka singa obulwadde buno buba bumaze okuleeta enkovu ku bususu obubikka eriiso, olwo amaaso ago gaba geetaaga okulongoosa, okusobola okutereeza obukoowekoowe ate n'okutangira amaaso okuziba.

Ebibalo biraga nti abantu obukadde kinaana (80M) balwadde balina Obulangula mu nsi yonna. Obulwadde buno businga kukwata baana ne kuddako abakazi, olw'okuba nti bo babeera nnyo n'abaana okusinga abasajja. Era obulwadde buno buviriiddeko abantu abawererako ddala, obukadde bubiri mu emitwalo abiri, okuziba amaaso
Okuggya

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Okuggya buba buvune ku lususu oba ekitundu ky'omubiri ekirala, ekireetebwa ebintu ng'okuggya omuliro, okukubibwa amasannyalaze, ebidagala ebya kkemiko (chemicals) n'ebirala ebiyinza okwokya omubiri.

Okuggya kuno kuleetebwa ebintu eby'enkula yonna okwo nga kwe kuli n'omuliro gwennyini, naye nga mu bakyala kusinga kwesigamizibwa ku muliro gwe bafumbisa. Ebirala ebiyinza okuleetawo okuggya kuliko ettamiiro, okukommonta (okunywa) ebintu nga ssigala, oba abantu okusalawo bo bennyini ne beeyokya mu ngeri ey'okwesaanyaawo.

### Engeri z'okuggya omuliro

Okuggya okw'ekika ekisooka, kusinga kukoma ku lususu, nga bimyufu era nga bisinga kuwonera mu nnaku nga ssatu. Okuggya okw'omulundi ogwokubiri, byo biba byeyongeddeko munda mu lususu era olususu lusituka ne luzimba ebimmonde ebirimu amazzi (blisters) era biba n'obulumi bungiko. Okuwona kw'ebiwundu bino kwanditwala wiiki nga munaana(8), era ng'oluvannyuma lw'okuwona watera okusigalawo enovu ekiwundu ky'omuiro we kibadde.

Okuggya okw'olundi ogwokusatu, kwekwo okw'obutaffaali bw'olususu lwonna awo mu kifo awaba wayidde, ebintu ng'ennyingo ne biggya n'oluusi n'okutuuka ku ggumba ekiwundu ekyo kitera kuba kimyufu nnyo oba nga kiddugavu.

### Okujjanjaba omuliro

Obujjanjabi bw'ebiwundu bino businziira ku bunene bw'ekiwundu, anti obuwundu bw'omuliro obutonotono butera kwetaagisa ddagala lya bulijjo erikikkakkanya obulumi. Naye byo ebinene ennyo biba bisaana obujjajabi obw'enjawulo obutera okutwala ekiseera ekiwanvuko, okusinziira ku ktundu ky'omubiri ekiba kiyidde.

Ebiwundu biri eby'omulundi ogwokubiri biba byetaagisa okunaaza ng'okozesa ssabbuuni n'amazzi era n'okubisiba ppulasita.
Engeri y'okujjanjabamu ebimmonde ebiba bizimbye ku lususu olw'okuggya si nnambulukufu bulungi, naye oweebwa amagezi bwe kaba katono, kaleke, ate bwe kiba kinene kitulise n'amazzi ogakenenulemu mpolampola. Naye byo ebiwundu ebinene ennyo(eby'omulundi ogwokusatu) bitera kwetaagisa okubijjanjaba nga bakozesa enkola z'ebyokulongoosa, gamba nga enkola eyookusala akafi k'ennyama ku mubiri ewalala ne baziba ewali ekiwundu kyomuliro ekyo, ekiyitibwa 'skin grafting'. Ate era ebiwundu bino ebinene bitera okuviiramu okukwatibwa kw'endwadde nga 'Tetanus', ery'omulwadde yandibadde agemesebwa mangu ddala nga yaakaggya.

Newankubadde omuntu bw'aggya ennyo kiyinza okumuviiramu okufa, naye eddagala erizze livumbulwa okuva eyo mu myaka egy'enkaaga lyongedde okuwonya abantu naddala abaana abato n'abavubuka. Era ebivaamu eri omuntu ayidde byesigamizibwa nnyo ku bunene bw'ebbwa era n'emyaka gy'omulwadde.
Ebbango

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### Enfaanaa y'ebbango

Ebbango kizibu ekibeera mu baana abazaalibwa nga kituukawo oluvannyuma lw’eggumba ery’omu mugongo n’obususu obw’oku lukizi okulemererwa okwebikka. Ebbango erisinga okulabika lye’ryo erikwata wansi mu mugongo wabula nga lisobola n’okukwata mu makkati g’omugongo ne waggulu ku bulago. 

### Ebika

Ebbango lyawulwamu ebika bisatu nga buli buli kimu kibeera n’obubonero bwakyo. Ekika ekya *Occulta* kyo tekiba na bubonero bw’amaanyi nnyo wabula nga osobola okukirabira ku buno; ekipaapi ekiriko obwoya, ebbala ekkwafu, ekinnya ku mubiri, okuzimba okubeerawo ku mugongo mu kifo awabeera wateegatta bulungi. Ekika ekyokubiri kye kya **Meningocele** kyo kiba kya maanyiko era nga kireeta ebizibu nga ekisawo ky’amazzi ekimera mu bbanga olukizi we lwagaana okwegattira. Ekika ekyokusatu kye kya **Myelomeningocele** oba ebbango ery’ebikkudde nga lino lye lisinga okubeera ery’obulabe. 

### Ebizibu ebijja n'ebbango

Ebizibu ebijja n’ebbango kuliko okukaluubirirwa mu kutambula, obuzibu bw’akawago n’ekyenda, n’obuzibu mu kusoma.

### Ebireeta ebbango

Ebbango litwalibwa okuba nga lireetebwawo ensonga eziva mu mubiri gw’omuntu eziyinza okuba ensikire wamu n’ezo eziva ku butonde bw’ensi obumwetoolodde. Singa mwana asoose okuzaalibwa abeera ng’alina ebbango oba ng’omuzadde alina ebbango, emiksa giba 4% omwana addako okuzaalibwa ng’alina ebbango. 

Obutaba na *folic acid* ng’omukyala ali lubuto nakyo kikola omulimu gwamaanyi mu kuleetawo ekizibu kino. Ebirala ebiteeka omuntu mu katyabaga k’okufuna ekizibu kino lye ddagala erikozesebwa okusobola okukkakkanya abo abeesika, obuyimbulukufufu, n’obutafa bulungi ku bulwadde bwa ssukaali eri abo ababulina. 

### Okukebera

Okukeberebwa kusobola okukolebwa ng’omwana tannazaalibwa oba ng’amaze okuzalibwa. Ng’omwana tannazaalibwa omkyala aggyibwako omusaayi era nga singa musangibwamu ekirungo kya *alpha-fetoprotein*, emikisa gy’omwana egy’okuzaalibwa n’ebbango gibeera mingi. Ng’omwana amaze okuzaalibwa asobola okukubibwa ebifaananyi mu ddwaliro okukakasa oba ng’alina ebbango.

### Engeri y'okutangira ebbango

Ebbango lisobola okutangirwa singa maama ng’ali lubuto afuna *folic acid* amala mu mubiri nga tannafuna ne ng’amaze okufuna olubuto. Kyazuulibwa nti singa akwata asidi ono n’amussa mu kawunga kiba kikola bulungi nnyo. bbango ery’ebikkula lisobola okulongoosebwa ng’omwana azaaliddwa oba nga tannazaalibwa ne liziba. Abantu abalina ekizibu kino basobola okuyambibwa nga baweebwa obugaali mwe basobola okutambulira.
Okuzaala omwana omufu

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Okuzaala omwana omufu kitegeeza omwana okufiira munda nga wayiseewo essande 20 ku 28 okuva ng’omukyala afunye olubuto. Omwana okufiira munda oluusi kireetebwawo embeera ya maama ey’okuwulira ng'eyazzizza omusango okufuna olubuto luno. Kino tekifaanagana na kuvaamu lubuto oba omwana okufa nga yaakazaalibwa.

### Ebiviirako okuzaala omwana omufu

Ekireetera omwana okufiira munda tekimanyiddwa nti kye kino wabula ng’ebimu ku bikireeta kuliko: obuzibu mu kuzaala, okutataagana kw’olubuto okugeza entambula y’omusaayi okulinnya, omukyala okuvaamu amazzi ng’ali lubuto nga gava ku nsawo y’omwana ali mu lubuto, ekirira omutambulira emmere okufuna obuzibu, endwadde ng’omusujja gw’ensiri n’endya ya maama embi.

Ebissa omwana mu katyabaga k’okufa nga tannazaalibwa ye maama okubeera ng’emyaka gigenderedde nga gisusse 35, okunywa ssigala, okukozesa obubi eddagala ng’ali lubuto, bwe luba nga lwe lubuto olusoose, n’okuba nga omukyala yayambibwako tekinologiya okusobola okufuna olubuto. Omwana okuba nga yafa nga tannazaalibwa kisoboka okutandika okusuubirwa singa omwana abeera nga takyekyusa mu lubuto. Kino kikakasibwa ng’abasawo bakozesa obuuma obukozesebwa okuwuliriza.

### Engeri y'okuziyiza okuzaala omwana omufu

Abaana abafa nga tebannazaalibwa kisobola okuziyizibwa ng’ebyobulamu byongerwamu amaanyi. Kumpi ekitundutundu ku baana abafa nga tebannazaalibwa bafa mu kiseera nga bagenda okuzaalibwa era nga kino kirabikira nnyo mu mawanga agakyakula okusinga agaakula edda. Okusinziira ku bbanga ly’olubuto lye lulina, abasawo basobola okusalawo okukozesa eddagala erireeta ebisa oba okukozesa ebyuma ebitoolayo omwana mu lubuto. Singa omukyala afuna ekizibu kino, wabaawo obusobozi bw’okuddamu okukifuna ku lubuto olulala wabula nga kisoboka n’obutabaawo olw’ensonga nti buli lubuto luba n’embeera ez’enjawulo. 

### Enfaanana y'ekizibu kino mu nsi yonna

Mu nsi yonna mu mwaka gwa 2015 abaana obukadde bubiri mu emitwalo nkaaga be baafa nga tebannazaalibwa nga kino kyatuukawo ng’embuto ziwezezza essande 28. Mu nsi ezikyakula, buli baana 45 abaazalibwanga omu ku bo yabeeranga mufu. Mu Amerika ku buli baana 167 abazaalibwa omu ku bo abaera mufu. Wabula omwendo gw’abaana abafa nga tebannazaalibwa gukendedde okuva mu myaka gya 1950.
Nnakimu w’omumwa n’ekibuno

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### Enfaanana ya nnakimu

Nnakimu w’omumwa n’ekibuno kye kibinja ky’embeera ezizingiramu nnakimu ow’omumwa n’ekibuno ng’omuntu alina ekimu ku byo oba byombi. Nnakimu ow’omumwa y’oyo abeera ng’omumwa gwa waggulu gwesalamu era nga gusobola n’okweyuza okutuuka ku nnyindo waggulu. Ekituli kino kisobola okubeera ku ludda lw’omumwa ogumu, gyombi oba mu makkati. Nnakimu ow’omumwa y’oyo omumwa ogwa waggulu we gubeereramu ekituli nga kigguka mu nnyindo. Nnakimu ow’ekibuno y’oyo aleetera ekibuno kya waggulu okuba nga kirimu ekituli ekigguka mu nnyindo. Ebizibu bino bisobola okuleetawo obuzibu mu kulya, okwogera, okuwulira n’okufuna endwadde z’amatu olutatadde. 

### Ebireeta obulema bwa nnakimu

Nnakimu ow’omumwa n’ekibuno abeerawo oluvannyuma lw’ebinywa ebikola ffeesi y’omuntu okulemererwa okwegatta obulungi mu kiseera ky’okutonda kw’omwana. Kino kye kimu ku bulemua obubeera mu baana abazaalibwa era nga n’ekikireeta tekimanyiddwa. Ebiyinza okussa omwana mu katyabaga k’okufuna ekizibu kino ye mukyala okunywa ssigala mu kiseera ky’olubuto, suukaali, maama okuzaala ng’akuze nnyo, omugejjo n’okukozesa eddagala erijjanjaba abo abeesika n’okugongobala. Ekizibu kino kisobola okukeberebwa ng’abasawo bakozesa ekyuma ekiwuliriza omwana ali mu lubuto.

### Enzijanjaba ya nnakimu

Nnakimu asoboka okujjanjabibwa obulungi ng’omwana alongoosebwa. Bw’aba nnakimu w’omumwa, kikolebwa mu myezi emitono ng’omwana y’akazaalibwa ate ku nnakimu w’ekibuno, kikolebwa nga tannaweza myezi 18.
Nnakimu ono alabikira mu baana 1-2 ku buli baana 1,000 abazaalibwa mu nsi ezaakula. Nnakimu ow’omumwa alabikira nnyo mu basajja akusinga bwe kibeera mu bakazi, so ng’ate ye nnakimu ow’ekibuno nga tekuli wa mumwa alabikra nnyo mu bakazi okusinga mu basajja. Mu mwaka gwa 2013 kyaviirako okufa kw’abantu abali eyo mu 3,300 mu nsi yonna okuva ku 7,600 abaafa mu 1990. Embeera eno gye buvuddeko yafaanaganyizibwanga omumwa gw’akamyu; wabula kati ekyo kitwalibwa ng’ekivumo.
Endwadde y’omutima

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### Enfaanana y’obulwadde buno

Kino kizibu ekibeerawo mu nzimba y’omutima ng’omwana azaaliddwa. Obubonero bw’obuzibu buno businziira ku kika ky’obulwadde obwo era nga busobola okukyuka okuva mu kubulira ddala okutuuka ku kubeera nga bufuuse ekizibu ku bulamu. Singa omuntu abeera n’ekizibu kino abeera assa nnyo, okufuma kw’olususu, okuwewuka kw’omubiri ng’obuzito bugenda bwesala n’okuwulira ng’omuntu buli kiseera abeera mukoowu. Tekireetawo kulumizibwa mu kifuba era ng’ebiseera ebisinga tekiwerekerwako ndwadde ndala. Ekizibu ekiyinza okuva mu ndwadde y’omutima gwe mutima okulemererwa.

### Ebireeta endwadde y’omutima

Ensibuko y’obulwadde buno temanyiddwa. Kisobka okuba nga buleetebwawo endwadde ezikwata abakyala nga bali mbuto. Okukozesa eddagala oba ebiragalalagala okugeza omwenge oba ssigala, endya embi, omugejjo gwa maama n’ebirala. Okubeera n’omuzadde ng’alina endwadde y’omutima nayo esobola okuba ensonga. 

### Ebika

Obulwadde bw’omutima bwawuluwamu ebibinja ebikulu bibiri okuli nga kisinziira ku lususu lw’omwana okufuuka langi eya bbulu. Ekizibu kino kiyinza okutwaliramu ebisenge by’omutima eby’omunda, obunywa obufuga ennnyingira n’enfuluma y’omusaayi okuva mu mutima, oba emisuwa eminene egiggya n’okuyingiza omusaayi mu mutima.

Obulwadde bw’omutima busobola okuziyizibwa okuyita mu kugema wamu n’okuteeka ekirungo kya iodine mu munnyo oguliibwa mu mmere, n’okuteeka folic acid mu mmere. Ebirwadde ebimu biba tebyetaaga bujjanjabi. Endala zisobola kujjanjabibwa okuyita mu kulongoosa. Okulongoosa kiyiza okwetaagisa okukikola emirundi egiwerako era nga mu mbeera ezimu kiyinza okwetaagisa okukyusa omutima.

Endwadde y’omutima kye kizibu ekisinga okulabikira mu baana abazaalibwa nga mu mwaka gwa 2015 abantu obukadde 34.3 be baalina ekizibu kino mu nsi yonna. Bukosa abaana abali wakati wa 7-75 ku buli baana lukumi abazaalibwa nga kino kisinziira ku ngeri gye bakeberebwamu. Abaana 6-19 bafuna okukosebwa okw’amaanyi era ng’obulwadde buno bwe bumu ku nsonga ezireetera abaana okufa nga baakazaalibwa. Mu 2013 bwaleetera abaana 323,000 okuva ku 366,000 abaafa mu 1990.
Okuziŋŋama obwongo

### Enfaanana y’obulwadde buno

Okuziŋŋama obwongo kitegeeza embeera omuntu w’abeerera n’obuzibu obw’endaga butonde obulimu obungi bw’obutoffaali obusirikitu obwawula omuntu omu ku mulala nga busukka ku bw’omuntu owa bulijjo. Embeera eno etera okuwerekerwa n’okulwawo okukula, okukaluubirirwa mu bisomwa wamu n’enfaanana etali ya bulijjo. Omuntu omukulu alina ekizibu kino enteegera ye ebeera ku 50 ng’eba yenkanankana n’eyomwana alina emyaka 8 oba 10 naye nga kino kisobola okwawuka mu bantu ab’enjawulo.

Abazadde abazaala omwana ono babeera balamu bulungi era nga obulwadde buno bugwa bugwi, tewali abweyagalira. Tewaliiwo nneeyisa oba mbeera mu butonde bw’ensi eyinza okukyusa kino obutabaawo. Ekizibu kino kisobola okukeberebwa ng’omukyala ali lubuto nga bayita mu ku mwekebejja ng’ali lubuto, okukumukebera ng’azadde wamu n’okukwekebejja endagabutonde ye kko n’omwana. Okwekebeza buli kiseera (buli mwaka) endwadde kigambibwa okuba nga kya mugaso nnyo era kiyamba.

Tewaliiwo ddagala livumula mbeera eno naye ng’okusoma n’okwefaako ekisaanidde kusobola okwongera ku mutindo gw’obulamu. Abaana abato nga balina ekizibu kino batera okusomesebwa mu bibiina eby’etongodde ate bo abalala basomesa bo bokka. Abaana abamu nga balina ekizibu kino basoma ne bamalako eddaala erya haaya era ng’abamu ku bano bafuba ne batuuka mu matendekero agawaggulu. Mu bantu abakulu, okugeza mu nsi eya Amerika baagala gavumenti ebayambeko okubateerawo emirimu egibagyamu, okussa essira ku mateeka agafuga eggwangu ko n’okussaamu ensimbi okusobola okutwala enkola eno mu maaso. Abantu abafa olw’ensonga nti babeera n’emyaka 50-60% newankubadde nga beerabirira bulungi.

Obulemu buno bwe businga okulabikira mu bantu abalina obutaffaali obusukka ku obwo obwawula omuntu ow’ekikula ekimu ku mulala. Obulemu buno bukosa omwana omu ku buli baana 1000 abazaalibwa. Mu 2013, abaana 36,000 baafa olw’ekizibu kino okuva ku abo 43,000 abaafa mu 1990. Endwadde eno yatuumibwa mu Lungereza Down Syndrome, mu Lungereza oluvannyuma lw’omusajja John Langdon Down okuginnyonnyolako mu 1866. Ebirala Jean-Étienne Dominique mu 1938, ne ÉdouardSéguin mu1814. Ensibuko y’obulwadde buno yazuulibwa abasajja Abafannsa mu 1959.
Kookolo w’omu lubuto

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### Enfaanana ya kookolo w'omu lubuto

Kookolo w’omu lubuto y'Oyo akwata ku kasusu ak'omunda ak’omu lubuto. ObubonerO bwe obusooka kuliko: ekikeeto, okulumizibwa waggulu mu lubuto, okusinduukirirwa emmeeme, n’obutaagala kulya. Obubonero obw’oluvannyuma mulimu: omubiri okuwewuka, olususu olwa kyenvu, okusesema, obuzibu mu kumira, omusaayi mu bubi, n’ebirala. Kookolo ono asobola okuva mu lubuto n’asaasaanira ebitundu by’omubiri ebirala nga; ekibumba, amawuggwe, amagumba, ku lubuto ne mu bifo eby’ensanjabavu. 

### Ebireeta kookolo ono n'obubonero

Ekisinga okuleeta kookolo ono ke kawuka ak’ekika kya **bacteria** akayitibwa **Helicobacter pylori** era nga kano kalwaza abantu 60% ku bafuna obulwadde buno. Ekirala ekireeta kookolo ono kwe kulya enva endiirwa ensibe mu mikebe n’okunywa ssigala. Abantu 1-3% bafuna obulwadde buno nga babusikira okuva mu ffamire zaabwe.

Ebiseera ebisinga obulwadde buno bukula mu muntu mu mitendera egy’enjawulo era nga kitwala emyaka. Kookolo ono akeberebwa nga bayita mu kuggya akanyama ku muntu ateeberezebwa okuba ne kookolo ne bakakebera mu kyuma, okumukuba ebifaananyi okulaba oba ng’obulwadde busaaasanye mu bitundu by’omubiri ebirala. 

### Engeri y'okuziyiza kookolo ono

Okulya enva endiirwa, emmere erimu ekiriisa ekya **proteins** ez’ekigero ne butto ava mu binazi bisobola okukendeeza ku katyabaga k’okufuna kookolo ono nga kuno kw'ogatta n’okwewala okunywa ssigala. Singa kookolo w’omulubuto ajjanjabwa mangu, olwo ebizibu bingi byaleeta biba bisobola okuwonyezebwa. Obujjanjabi buzingiramu okulongoosa n’obujjanjabi obulala. Singa abeera ng’ajjanjabiddwa nga buyise kiba kyetaagisa omulwadde oyo okufiibwako mu ngeri ey’enjawulo.
 
Ebivaamu oluusi tebiba birungi ng’omuwendo gw’abo abawangaala okumala emyaka etaano nga bali ku bujjanjabi bali 10% bokka mu nsi yonna. Kino kibaawo olw’ensonga nti abantu abasinga abalina obulwadde buno babugayaalirira ne bukula. Mu Amerika abasobola okubeererawo ku bujjanjabi okumala emyaka etaano bali 28%, mu Korea ey’omu bukiikaddyo bali 65% olw’okunyiikira okwekebezanga.

Mu nsi yonna kookolo w’omu lubuto ye wookutaano mu bika bya kookolo asenkenya abantu era ng’akwata kya kusatu mu bika bya kookolo ebitirimbula abantu. Kookolo ono akola ebitundu 7% eby'abalwadde wamu n’ebitundu 9% eby’abantu abafa. Mu 2012, yakwata abantu emitwalo 950,000 era ng’emitwalo 723,000 be baafa. Ng’emyaka gya 1930 nga teginnaba, mu bitundu by’ensi ebisinga, nga ne Amerika mw’ogitwalidde, kookolo ow’omu lubuto ye yali asinga  okutta abantu. Omuwendo gw’abantu abafa obulwadde buno gugenze gukendeera okuva olwo nga kino kirowoozebwa okuba nga kivudde ku kulya emmere ey’omu mikebe essibwa mu byuma ebinnyogoza okusobola okugikuuma nga nnungi. Kookolo w’omu lubuto ali nnyo mu nsi za Ssemazinga wa Asia ey’obukiika ddyo wamu ne Bulaaya ng’alabikira nnyo mu basajja okusinga bwe kiri mu bakazi.
Kookolo w’obusajja

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### Enfaanana

Ono ye kookolo akwata abasajja mu bitundu byabwe eby’ekyama era ng’akosa n’ensibuko y’enkwaso. Kookolo ono oluusi alabika mu bwangu ate olulala asobola obutalabika okumala ekiseera. Kookolo w’obusajja asobola okuva ku kitundu ekimu okudda ku birala naddala mu magumba wamu n’ebitundu eby’ensanjabavu. Kookolo ono oluusi ayinza obutaleeta oba okulaga akabonero konna. Oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera kino kisobola okuleetawo okubabuukirirwa, okufuuyisa omusaayi, obulumi mu bbunwe, omugongo oba mu kufuuyisa. Obubonero obujja oluvannyuma lw’ebbanaga eddene kwe kuwulira obukoowu nga kino kireetebwawo obutoffaali obukola omusaayi okubeera omutono ddala mu mubiri.

Ebisinga okwongeza ku mikisa gy’omuntu okulwala kookolo ono kwe kubeera ng’omusajja akuze mu myaka, okusikira endwadde okuva ku bazadde, wamu ne langi y’omuntu. Abasajja ebitundu 90% be bafuna obulwadde buno nga bawezezza emyaka egisukka 50. Okubeera n’owooluganda alina obulwadde buno, emikisa gy’okubufuna gikubisaamu mu gya bulijjo emirundi ebiri ku esatu. Ensonga endala ezisobola okuleeta kino kwe kukozesa ennyo ennyama oba ennyama ensibe mu mukebe, oba obutalya nva ndiirwa zimala. Kookolo w’abasajja akeberebwa nga bakozesa enkola ey’okumuggyako akanyama ne kateekebwa mu kyuma ne kakeberebwa. Awo asobola okukubibwa ebifaananyi abasawo balabe oba nga kookolo tasaasaanidde bitundu bya mubiri birala.

### Okukeberebwa

Okukozesa ebyuma okukebera kookolo w’abasajja oluusi kiwakanyizibwa olw’ensonga nti kino kyongera ku buzibu buno wabula ate tekikendeeza ku bantu abafa olw’obulwadde buno. Ekitongole kya Amerika ekya United States Preventive Services Task Force kivumirira enkola eno olw’ensonga nti abantu bakeberebwa nnyo kyokka ng’ate obubonero obumu busigla nga bwekwese. Ekitongole kino era kyongerako nti ebirungi ebiri mu kukebera kuno tebisinga bulabe bukuvaamu. Okwongera mu mubiri ekiriisa ekya vitamin n’ebiriisa ebirala tekirina kye kiyamba mu kukendeeza ku bulabe bw’okufuna kookolo ono.

Kookolo asobola okuwona y’oyo akwata mu busajja mwokka nga tasaasaana. Singa abeera ng’asaasaanidde mu bitundu by’omubiri okugeza mu magumba eddagala erikendeeza obulumi n’obujjanjabi obulala bisobola okubeera eby’omugaso. Ebivaamu mu bujjanjabi buno bisobola okuyitamu okusinziira ku myaka omuntu gy’alina wamu n’ebizibu by’obulamu ebirala wamu n’engeri kookolo ono gy’asasaanyeemu oba gy’akosezzaamu omubiri.

### Kookolo w’obusajja mu nsi yonna

Mu nsi yonna kookolo ono akwata ekifo kyakubiri era ng’akwata kya kutaano mu bika bya kookolo ebisinga okutta abasajja mu nsi yonna. Mu mwaka gwa 2012 yakwata abntu akakadde kamu n’emitwalo kkumi era ng’emitwalo 307,000 be baalusuulamu akaba. Ye kookolo eyali asinga mu basajja okwetoloola amawanga 84 naddala mu nsi ezaakula. Omuwendo gw’abantu gugenze gweyongera mu mawanga agakyakula. Okukebera kookolo ono kwayongerwamu amaanyi mu myaka gya 1980 ne 1990. Mu kutunuulira abasajja abafa nga bafudde ndwadde ndala, ebitundu 30-70% bazuulibwa nga baalina kookolo ono naddala abo abaali basusse emyaka 60.
Ebizibu ebiva ku mwenge ebituuka ku mwana atannazaalibwa

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### Enfaanana y’ekizibu kino

Kano ke katu k’embeera ezituuka ku muntu nga maama we yanywanga omwenge mu kiseera we yabeerera olubuto. Ebizibu bino mulimu enfaanana etali ya bulijjo, okubeera omumpi, okuwewuka, okubeera n’akatwe akatono, ebitundu by’omubiri okulemererwa okukwatagana mu mpulira n’enkola yaabyo, okutegeera okutono, obuzibu mu kuwulira oba okulaba. Abantu ab’ekika kino babeera n’obuzibu mu kugondera amateeka, babasiba nnyo mu makomera era nga beenyigira nnyo mu bikolwa eby’obukaba, okukozesa ennyo omwenge n’ebiragala ebirala.

### Ekireeta obuzibu buno

Obuzibu buno businziira ku bungi bw’omwenge omukyala gw’anywa ng’ali lubuto ebbanga mw’agunyweredde neddi lw’agunywedde. Mu nsonga endala mulimu; omukyala okuzaala ng’akuze, okunywa ssigala wamu ne maama okuba ng’alya bubi. Tewaliiwo kiseera kitali kya bulabe oba kikkirizibwa kunywerako mwenge ng’omukyala ali lubuto. Okunywako akatono ku mwenge kiyinza obutaleeta nfaanana ya mwana mbi wabula embeera y’enneeyisa ye ekosebwa. Omwenge guleetera omusaayi okusala okudda ku bwongo era nga kino kikosa enkula y’omwana. Okukeberebwa kusinziira ku bubonero.

### Engeri y’okuziyiza obuzibu buno

Ebizibu bino bisobola okuziyizibwa ng’omukyala yeewala okunywa omwenge ng’ali lubuto nga n’olwensonga eno bannabyabulamu bakivumirira. Singa embeera eba nga yaalubeerera awo obujjanjabi obw’enjawulo busobola okukozesebwa okusobola okussaawo embeera y’okunyumya n’omwana ali mu lubuto okusobola okumuzimba entegeera n’enneeyisa.

Ebizibu bino biteeberezebwa okuba nga bikosa abantu 2% okutuuka ku 5% mu nsi eya Amerika ne mu bugwanjuba bwa Bulaaya, era nga kikkirizibwa nti bituukawo mu baana 0.2 ne 9 ku buli baana 1000 abazaalibwa mu Amerika ate mu South Afrika bali 9%. Obulabe bw’omwenge ku bulamu bw’omuntu buzzenga bunnyonnyolwa okuviira ddala mu biseera eby’emabega nga kyasooka kukolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1973
Embeera ezibaawo ng’omukazi anaatera okugenda mu nsonga

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### Enfaana y’obuzibu buno

Kino kitegeeza obuzibu obubaawo mu ssande emu oba bbiri ng’omukyala tannnagenda mu nsonga ze. Embeera eno ebeera ekyukakyuka okuva mu mukazi omu okudda ku mulala era nga bubeerawo okutuusiza ddala ng’omusaayi gutandise okujja. Embeera ezisinga okulabika enyo mulimu; okufuukuuka olususu, amabeere okwepika, okuzimba olubuto, okuwulira obukoowu, okubabuukirirwa n’okukyukakyuka mu mbeera. Obubonero buno bubaaawo okumala ennaku mukaaga. Obubonero omukazi bw’afuna ng’anaaatera okugenda mu nsonga busobola okukyuka oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera era nga tebubaawo mu kiseera ng’ali lubuto oba ng’atuuse mu bbanga ly’okulekera awo okugenda mu nsonga.

### Ebireeta embeera eno

Ekireeta embeera zino tekimanyiddwa wabula nga kiteeberezebwa okuba nga kireetebwawo okulya omunnyo omungi wamu n’okunywa omwenge oba okukozesa enjaga. Okukebera omuntu kyetaagisa okubeera ng’omaze ekiseera nga weetegereza obubonero obukwatagana n’endowooza wamu n’obwo obulabikako nga tebikyukakyuka obubaawo ng’omuntu tannagenda mu nsonga olabire ddala kyenkana ki kye bukosa obulamu bw’omuntu owa bulijjo. Obubonero buno tebulina kubaawo mu ntandikwa y’okugenda mu nsonga. Olukalala lw’obuborero obubeerawo mu myezi emitonotono busobola okuyamba mu kwekebejja omuntu. Ebizibu ebirala ebiyinza okuleetebwawo embeera eno byetaaga okusuulibwa ebbali ng’omuntu tannatandika kwekebejjebwa. 

Eri abo abalina obuzibu obw’amaanyi obw’embeera eno, baweebwa amagezi okukendeeza ku munnyo, enjaga, n’okwelaliikirira nga kw’ogatta n’okukozesa omubiri dduyiro. Ekiriisa ekya Calcium wamu n’ekyo ekigumya amagumba ekya Vitamin D bisobola okubeera eby’omugaso mu kumalawo obuzibu obumu. Okutuukira ddala ku bitundu 80% eky’abakazi abatuuse mu myaka egizaala bagamba nti bafuna obubonero kwe balabira nga banaatera okugenda mu nsonga.
Ettalo

Teriba ddogo !! Nedda teriba ddogo !

Ettalo kirwadde ekiyitibwa Osteomyelitis ekireetebwa obuwuka obusirikitu obuyitibwa bbakitiiriya , mayikobbakitiiriya (mycobacteria) oba olufungi(fungi)nga bulumba obusomyo bw'amagumba(bone marrow)okuyita mu biwundu ebirumbiddwa  obuwuka obusirikitu naddala  mu nnyingo .

Ekirwadde kitwale mangu bakebere bakuwe eddagala kuba kiwona singa oba tosookedde mu mmumbwa n'ogenda mangu mu basawo abazungu . 

   

Olina ky'oyongerako ? nawe baako ky'ogamba
Ebika by'entababuvobwawamu (Types of Communities)

IALI NGO has been authorised by Terminologist Charles Muwanga to post this article from his Luganda terminology works on Luganda wikipedia for free public consumption).

Entabuvobwawamu mu bumpi kifuuka "entababuvo"( Community)

Ebika by’Entababuvobwawamu 
         (Types of Communities)

Muno mulimu entababuvobwawamu ezinnyonyolwa ekifo(locus) , Okuba n’ebikolwa ebifaanagana,Obumu bw’ebyafaayo, Obuzaale Obubagatta .

(a)	Entababuvobwawamu ezekusiza ku Obumu bw’Ebyafaayo .  

Kino kikwata ku bantu ababeera mu kitundu ekimu era n’Ekitundu kino mwe babeera nakyo kiyitibwa ntabaganyi.

Abantu bano batera okuba   n’empisa , obulombolombo , endowooza, ayidologiya, okubikulirwa , ebikolwa , ebikolebwa, obubonero, ebigendererwa, ebiruubirirwa, okunyigirizibwa n’ebirala ebya wamu.

Kikwata ku kabondo akatabaganyi  nga bamemba baako babeera mu kifo ekyetongodde akalimu obukulembeze ng’ebiseera ebisinga baba n’obuwangwa n’ebyafaayo  ebya wamu.

Ekyalo, akabuga, ekibuga nabyo bisobola okuba n’amakulu ge gamu n’entababuvobwawamu olwokuba bikwata ku bubondo bw’abantu ababeera awamu mu ngeri y’okutabagana era nga batera okuba wansi w’amateeka n’ebiragiro ebya wamu yadde nga bakintabuli oba nga bava mu buwangwa bwa njawulo.

(b)	Entababuvobwawamu ezeekusiza ku buzaale. Entababuvobwawamu eno ebaamu abantu ab’ekika, obuwangwa , oba eddiini emu. Kino kitegeeza obujajja bumu , , abaana, bakizibwe, aboluganda , abako n’abemikwano, emirirwano, b’okozeeko nabo, eddiini, n’ebirala.

(c)	Entababuvobwawamu z’enkolagana  oba okwegatta kwa Amawanga. Akabondo k’amawanga agegasse awamu olw’ebigendererwa eby’awamu oba ensibuko emu gamba nga East African Community (Entababuvobwawamu y’amawanga ga E.A).

(d)	Entabagnyi  z’ Obwanakyeewa.  Akabondo mu ntabaganyi ,akeddiini, obukugu, oba ak’engeri endala nga kalina ebikakwatakooba ebigendererwa bye bimu era nga katwalibwaokuba oba keetwaala okuba okuba ak’enjawulo mu ngeri emu oba endala okuva ku ntabagantabantu mwe kali. Gamba nga entababuvobwawamu y’abavubi, entababuvobwawamu y’abayivu oba entababuvobwawamu ya Bannasayansi.

Wano omuntu era asobola okwogera ku “entababuvobwawamu y’ebiruubiriro”, obukugu, ekifo ekirimu ennyumba awookubeera, oba entababuvobwawamu y’ebiramu mu kifo.
Okusoosowaza ebyenfuna (materialism)

Okusinziira ku Charles Muwanga "ekisoosowazabyanfuna" ky'ekikolwa eky'okusoosowaza eby'enfuna(materialism)

Linda ebiddako wano!!
Omusoosowazabyanfuna(Materialist)

Okusinziira ku Charles Muwanga "omuntu asoosowaza ebyenfuna" y'ayitibwa "omusoosowazabyanfuna"(materialist).
Omugereesi (Idealist)

Okusinziira ku Charles muwanga , omugereesi y'oyo adda mu kugereesa obugereesa mu kifo ky'okwesigamya by'alwoozaako oba ky'ayogerako ku fakikya , ekyo ekiriwo kyennyini ekirabika.

Omugereesi (idealist) akontana n'oyo asoosowaza ebiriwo ebirabika, omusoosowazabyanfuna(materialist).
Obulungi bw'Okuyiga sayansi n'ekibalangulo mu Luganda n'Olungereza mu essomeso lye limu

Bwe tuba nga tunayitimuka okutuuka ku mutondo gw'enkulaakulana mu bbanga ettono tulina okutandika nga essira tuliteeka ku kukulaakulanya ennimi zaffe ez'ekinnansi nga Oluganda mu miramwa egy'oluganda nga bwe tulaga egyo gye gikwatagana nagyo mu Lungereza.Lwaki?

Olungereza lwe lumu ku nnimi entono ennyo ezaakulaakulana edda mu sessomo zonna ,  omuli ne sayansi ne tekinologiya.Olungereza lwe lulimi lwa sayansi olw'ensi yonna. Nga bwe tukulaakulanya ennimi zaffe ez'ekinnansi mu miramwa egya sayansi, buli muwandiisi alabe nga  omulamwa gwa sayansi ogw'oluganda alaga omulamwa gw'olungereza gwe gukwatagana nagwo.Eky'okulabirako omuwandiisi singa aba asazeewo kuwandiika ku kirwadde: 

"ettalo"

Aba akoze kirungi naye olw'obwetaavu bw'abalala okwongera okunoonyereza ku mulamwa guno mu biwandiiko by'Olungereza , omuwandiisi yandibadde alaga mu "bukomera" erinnya ly'ettalo ery'olungereza , abasomi basobole okweyongerayo mu senkuluze ez'oluganda okunoonyereza ku sayansi akwata ku kirwadde eky'ettalo abasinga obungi wano kye bayita eddogo so ng'ate mu butuuf kino kirwadde ekireetebwa obuwuka obusirikitu nga bbakitiiriya olw'ensonga ezimanyiddwa obulungi era nga kiyinza okuziiyizibwa n'eddagala ezzungu.

Naawe yongera okuteesa ku kino!!
Ebyenfuna ng'ekintu eky'ebyafaayo(Historical materialism)

Okusinziira ku Charles Muwanga , ekigereeso ky'ebyenfuna nga ekintu eky'ebyafaayo, kigamba nti embeera z'ebyanfuna eziriwo ze zivaamu embeera z'ebyanfuna eziddawo. 

Kino kitegeeza nti embeera z'ebyanfuna ezizze zibaawo ze zibadde ziviirako enkyukakyuka zonna ez'ebyobufuzu n'ebyenfuna.

Embeera z'ebyenfuna za byafaayo oba ka tugambe nti embeera z'ebyenfuna kintu kya byafaayo kubanga embeera z'ebyenfuna ezibaddewo mu byafaayo zirina akakwate n'embeera z'ebyenfuna eziriwo kati.

Ekyo kye kigereeso ky'ebyenfuna nga ekintu eky'ebyafaayo(historical materialism).
DEED

DEED kiva mu bigambo by'Olungereza "Double Exposure Education. Wano mu Uganda kyasalibwawo abaana ab'ebibiina ebya wansi abatandika basomesebwa mu nnimi zaabwe ez'obuzaaliranwa zokka naye ffe abamu tulowooza nti mu essomeso lye limu omwana omulamwa nga  "endwadde y'ettalo" bagubanjulire mu Lulimi lwabwe nga Oluganda era baweebwe ekyagaanya okugukubako ebirowoozo. Kino bwe kiggwa omusomesa alyoke abanjulira omulamwa gwe gumu mu Lungereza kiyambe omwana okugutegeera mu Lulimi  lwe oluzaaliranwa n'olungereza okusobola okugutegeera obulungi.

Eyo ye Double Exposure Education(DEED) IALI NGO gy'egoberera mu nteekateeka zaayo!!
Ebyenjigiriza mu Buganda ng'abafuzi b'amatwale tebannajja(the education system in Precolonial Buganda)

Mwami Charles Muwanga ku lupapula luno agenderedde okulaga nti bajjajjaffe abataayingirako mu mabanguliro na Ssettendekero za kuyiga kwa waggulu ng'eziriwo kati baali bayiiya nnyo era ne bateekawo ensengekera y'ebyenjigiriza(education system) eyalimu emitendera okutuukira ddala waggulu .

"Okubangula (Ebyenjigiriza) mu Buganda eyedda"

Enkola y’ebyenjigiriza kitundu ku Sebasitula oba sebuzimbe(superstructure) era efugwa "omusingi gw’ebyenfuna" (economic base) mu ntabaganya.

Mu “byenfuna ebya nnima ya kulya” mu Buganda ey’ebiseera ebyedda, abaana baafunanga okutendekebwa mu bintu ebyenjawulo ebyemirimu egyali gyetagibwa mu biseera ebyo okugatta ku masomo g’empisa mu mitendera gino. 

(i)	Okutendeka Okusooka. 

Eno yeyalinga okusoma kwa “primary” okuliwo kati. Okusoma kuno kwalinga mu maka ng’essira baliteeka ku kuyigiriza baana obukugu mu mirimu egyenjawulo ng’omwana akola eno bwayiga (home apprenticeship) okutuuka bwabangulwa. Abalenzi bayigirizibwanga okubumba, okuluka eby’emikono, okuyigga, okusaanuusa ebyuuma, n’ebirala, ng’akola ne taata we n’abasajja abakulu abalala mu kitundu. Abawala nabo bayigirizibwanga emirimu egyekikyala nga bakola nebamaama baabwe oba n’abakyala abalala abakulu mu kitundu. Mukutendeka kuno mwalingamu n’emizannyo egy’enjawulo awamu n’okuyimba. Okuzina, n’okuba ebivuga ng’engoma n’endingidi. 

Amasomo ag’omutwe (academic education) gasomesebwanga akawungeezi nga buzibye ng’abakulu basomesa abato engero, ebisoko, ebyafaayo by’ensi yaabwe, okuyimba, okubala, ebikwata ku kika n’enju mwebava: emizannyo, n’okutendekebwa mu by'entalo. Mumizannyo mwalingamu omweso, okuvuga aato n’emirala. 

(ii)	Okutendeka Okwomutendera Ogwokubiri. Eno yeyalinga okusoma kwa siniya.

 Kuno kwalinga mu bisaakaate by’abaami ba Kabaka. Abaana abatwalidwa eno bayiganga okuweereza abagenyi okuteekateeka n’okukubiriza enkiiko, okuteesa n’okukubaganya ebirowoozo; okusala emisango, obukulembeze, okukunganya emisolo, n’ebirala.
 
(iii)	Okutendeka Okwomutendera Ogwawaggulu. 

okulinga okwa Settendekero eziriwo kati. Kino kwalinga mu lubiri lwa Kabaka. Abaami ba Kabaka baawerezanga abaana okuva mu bisaakaate byabwe abasukkulumye ku bannaabwe mukubanguka mu lubiri lwa Kabaka. Abo abakungukanga nga ebifo ebyamaanyi mu Gavumenti ya Kabaka.
Okutendeka n’okubangula kwendaze waggulu kwayamba kinene okukulaakulanya Obusobozi (Production Forces) bwa Buganda obwebiseera ebye’dda omwalinga okutendeka abaana mu kulima, okuweesa, okukola ebyambalao, okulunda, okusuubulangana, okulwana entalo, n’ebirala.
Okudibaga okwakolebwa abafuzi b'amatwale(the distortions of colonialism)

Munnabyabufuna(Political economist) ayogera bwati ku kudibaga okwakolebwa obufuzi bw’amatwale(the distortions of colonialism).
 
Abazungu webajjira mu Buganda, ebyenfuna yaffe byali ku musinji gwa “bulimiro obutono” nga biyimiriddewo okusinga ku bulimi ku ttaka lya Buganda naye tetwalina baavu lunkupe na bawejjere abaliwo kati. 

Okusooka bajja nga balambuzi, ne bazzaako eddiini, n’ekyasembayo kwezza teritoliya nga bakozesa amaanyi g’emundu etaali mu Afirika. Wano mu Buganda webaateeka ekifundikwa kya Uganda bazooka kuwangangusa Kabaka Mwanga ne bassaako mutabani we omulangira Daudi Chwa nga wa myaka esatu kino nekibasobozesa okukakaatika ku Baganda endagaano ya 1900. Endagaano eno yeyajjawo obwetwaaze bwa Buganda mu byobufuzi n’ebyenfuna kubanga ettaka Kabaka lye yali akuuma olwa buli Muganda lyagabanyagabanyizibwamu, ate Kabaka nagaanibwa okuba n’ejje erikuuma ensi ye awamu n’okusolooza emisolo emikulu egiyimirizaawo eggwanga eryetongodde. 

Mundagaano eno okusinziira ku article 15 ettaka eriweza mailo 1500 eryebibira ne mailo eziri wakati wa 8,000 – 9.000 byaweebwa Kabaka wa Bungereza ate mailo nga 8,000 nekagabanyizibwa mu Kabaka abakungu be, ab’amasaza. Amagombolola, n’amadiini ag’enjawulo agaaliwo mukiseera ekyo. 

Ebbanga Buganda ne Uganda okutwalira awamu gyeyamala ng’eri mu bufuzi bwa Bungereza ebintu bingi ebyakolebwa obufuzi bw’amatwale okudobonkanya ebyenfuna n’ebyobufuzi bwaffe mu lungereza kyewandiyise “the distortions of colonialism” muno mwalimu:

a)	Okuzimba omusinga gw’ebyenfuna omufunda (narrow economic base). Abangereza baaleka omusingi gw’ebyenfuna omufunda ennyo.

b)	Okwawulayawula mu Bantu, Okutambuliza eggwanga mu nkola ezawulayawula mu Bantu okusinziira ku buwangwa n’amadiini. 

c)	Okudibaga obwannannyini n’enkozesa yettaka 

d)	Okuteeka okwemanyamanya, emputtu, n’obutagambwako mu bakulembeze abaddugavu.

e)	Obusosoze mu mawanga n’amadiini

f)	Okkozesa obubi obuyinza, okudiibuuda, obulyake, obuli bw’enguzi, n’obunyunyunsi. 

g)	Enkwe (intrigue and formation of cliques). 

h)	Embeera y’ebyenfuna n’ebyobufuzi eyasiga obukyayi mu batali Baganda ku Baganda oba eri ba Nilotics eri Bantu people. 

Mubutuufu obudibazi bw’obufuzi bw’amatwale bweyorekere mu byenfuna, ebyobufuzi, n’ebyobuwangwa bwaffe obw’omulembe guno. Mu byenfuna Afirika okutwalira awamu yafuuka omusiri omunene omwokujja ebirime ebyetaagisa okuriikiriza Yindasitule mu mawanga amagagga e Bulaaya. Ku ludda olw’ebyofuzi abangereza batukakaatikako enkola z’ebyobufuzi okuva e Bulaaya ezaali zitagya mu mbeera oba enkulaakulana y’abantu ba afirika. 

Mu byobuwangwa tebaatukakatikako bukakaatisi lulimi lwabwe lyokka naye baaleeta wano empisa nnyingi zaabwe ezaali zikontana n’obuwangwa bwaffe. 

Olwensonga ezo waggulu obutafaanana nga bwe kiri ku semazinga endala , Afirika mu kifo ky’okugenda mu maaso ezze eddirirabuddirizi.
Ensenserwo (Sensation)

Okusinziira ku Munoonyerezi Charles Muwanga , "Ensenserwo"(sensations) zinnyonyolwa nga  engeri ey’ekimpowooze(passive) y’okuyingiza okumanya okuva mu mbeera ekwetoolodde okudda mu mubiri okutuuka mu bwongo. 

Ate okusegeera (perception) kwe kukutuusa ku kuteekateeka ,  n’okutaputa ebimanyiddwa ebituuse mu bwongo okuyita mu nketteso osobole okutegeera.
Okusitimula (to stimulate)

Okusinziira ku munoonyerezi Charles Muwanga  ”Okusitimuka (to get stimulated) kitegeeza

1. okugenda  mu mbeera eyagala okukola ekintu.

2. Omubiri okufuna embeera ey’okukyamuka okumala akaseera,

Okusitimula
      (to stimulate)

 Okusitimula(to stimulate) kye kikolwa :

1.	ekireetawo okusitimuka oba okwagala okukola ekintu

2.	eky’omubiri okufuna obwagazi bw’okugenda mu  kikolwa  eky’omukwano wakati w’ekisajja n’ekikazi oba  omusajja n’omukazi.
Ebyenfuna ng'ekivugo ky'ebyafaayo(The materialist conception of history)

Mwamu Charles Muwanga agamba nti ebyenfuno bitunuulirwa ng'empalirizo(force) ekola ebyafaayo. Kino ky'ayita ebyenfuna nga ekivugo ky'ebyafaayo(the materialist conception of history). Ekivugo y,empalirizo evuga ebyafaayo okuleka emikululo n'enkyukakyuka ez'enjawulo.