Emigattiko( Mixtures)

Gakuweebwa Charles Muwanga !!! Emigattiko (Mixtures)

Okutegeera obulungi ki ekibeerawo mu essomabuzimbe tulina okumanya enkyukakyuka ezo ku ngulu n’enkyukakyuka ezisibuka mu buziba bw’enzitoyo. Twagala twawule emigattiko ku bitoori nga tusooka okulaba “omugattiko kye ki?

Tulaba emigattiko (mixtures) buli wamu. Amazzi ga semayanja ekyokulabirako, mugattiko  gwa  mazzi, omunnyo ne  sabusitansi endala  ate empewo mugattiko gwa  ziggaasi  nga kaboni -bbiri-okisayidi (carbon dioxide), okisigyeni, ne nayitogyeni.

Ensonjola 1: Omugattiko

Omugattiko mugatte gwa sabusitansi bbiri oba okusingawo nga sabusitansi zino si nkwasewaze wamu (not bonded together), ekitegeeza nti tewabaddeewo kikyusabuiziba wakati sabusitansi zino. Ebikyusabuziba bigenda mu maaso mu buziba bwa nambuzimbe (matter) ku mutendera gw’obutnoniinya obuyitibwa "obuziba(atomu). 

Mu mugattiko, sabusitansi ezikola omugattiko:

•	Teziba mu mugerageranyo omugere (not in fixed ratio)

Singa oba ne miri-liita z’amazzi 350 n’ogatta omusenyu mu mazzi gano. Si kikulu oba ogattako gulaamu 30, 60, oba 90 ez’omusenyu mu mazzi gano; kisigala kiyitibwa mugattiko gwa musenyu na mazzi.
•	Gwesigaliza obuzimbe bwagwo obwo ku ngulu (Physical properties).

Mu ky’okulabirako ky’omusenyu n’amazzi, tewali sabusitansi ku zino ekyuse mu buzimbe obwo kungulu mu ngeri yonna nga bigattikiddwa wamu. Omusenyui gukyali musenyu n’amazzi gakyali mazzi. 

•	Gusobola okwawulibwamu   awatali kikyusabuziba .(Without chemical means but by mechanical means)

Okwawula omugattiko awatali kikyusabuziba (without chemical reactions, by mechanical means) kitegeeza nti tewabaddewo kuyingira mu buziba bwa atomu (there is no chemical process involved).

 Ekikola enkyusabuziba(Chemical)kiviira ddala mu buziba bwa sabusitansi ku mutendera gw’akatonniinya akayitibwa akaziba oba atomu, ensonga lwaki kiyitibwa kikyusabuziba. Oyinza okwawula omusenyu n’amazzi nga oyiwa amazzi okuyita mu kakung’unta. Ekintu eky’obuzimbe obwo kungulu (physical) kye kikoleddwa ku mugattiko, si kya buzimbe bwa nkyusabuziba(chemical).

Ate era tuyinza okubinjawaza (grouping) emigattiko nga tugyawulamu emifaanagavu (homogeneous) n’egitali mifaanagavu (heterogeneous).

Emigattiko egitali mifaanagavu (Heterogeneous mixtures)

“Omugattiko ogutali mufaanagavu” (heterogeneous mixture) teguba na bipimo bya kigero. Ekyokulabirako ly’ettaka eribaamu nakavundira, n’buweke bw’omusenyu. Yadde nga oyinza okugatta sabusitansi emu ku ndala, bisigala byeyawudde mu mugattiko nga si bifaanagavu.

Ensonjola 2: Omugattiko ogutali mufaanagavu (Heterogeneous mixture)

Omugattiko ogutali mufaanagavu guba mugattiko ogulimu sabusitansi bbiri oba okusingawo. Si mifaanagavu (non-uniform) era ebirungo eby’enjawulo ebiri mu mugattiko guno bisobola okulabika.  

Emigattiko egitali mifaanagavu era giyinza okwawulibwamu okusinziira kukuba nti migattiko gy’ebikulukusi bibiri, enkalubo n’ekikulukusi oba ekikulukusi ne ggaasi oba ggaasi n’enkalubo. Emigattiko gino giweebwa amannya ag’enjawulo nga wano wansi: 

Omutendera gw’ennabuzimbe	Eriinya ly’omugattiko	Ekyokulabirako

kikulukusi-kikulukusi	Kintabuli ky’ebikulukusi byokka (emulsion)	Amazzi mu woyiro (oil in water)

Nkalubo -kikulukusi	Ekintabuli ky’ebikulukusi n’enkalubo  (suspension)	Amazzi g’ebitaba
(muddy water)

Ggaasi-kikulukusi 	 Ekipempewo (aerosol)	Ebyokunywa ebifuuwa 
(fizzy drinks)

Ggaasi-nkalubo 	Munyale (smoke)	Smog

Emigattiko Emifaanagavu (Homogeneous mixtures)

Omugattiko omufaanagavu (a homogeneous mixture) guba n’ebigero ebipime n’ebisonjozo eby’enjawulo. Mu migattiko emifaanagavu, ebitundu eby’enjawulo tebisobola kulabika nga byeyawuddeyawuddemu mu ngeri yonna.

Ekifaanagazo ky’omunnyo ogumerengukidde mu mazzi kya kulabirako kya kintabuli ekifaanagavu. Omunnyo bwe gumerenguka, gubugaana kye kimu wonna mu mazzi ekifuula ebitundu by’ekifaanagazo byonna okulabika nga bye bimu  n’oba nga tokyasobola kulaba munnyo nga gweyawudde ku mazzi. N’empewo gye tussa nayo kintabuli kifaanagavu kubanga ebaamu ggaasi ez’enjawulo eziri mu mugerageranyo ogw’entakyuka (constant ratio,) kyokka nga tosobola kwawula ggaasi zino ngo’zitunuulidde. 

Manya: “Ekintabuli ky'endagakintu” (alloy)  guba mugattiko mufaanagavu (homogeneous mixture) ogwa erementi bbiri oba okusingawo nga erementi emu ku zino erina okuba ekyuma era matiiriyo eva mu mugattiko guno n’eba n’ebisonnjozo by’ekyuma (metallic properties). Ekyokulabirako sitiiru kintabuli kya kkalwe n’ebipimo bya kaboni ebitonotono (ekikifuula ekikalubo=harder), mangeneezi (okukifuula ekigumu=stronger) ne kolomiyamu (okukiziiyiza okutalagga. 

Ensonjola 3: Omugattiko omufaanagavu (Homogeneous mixture)

Omugattiko omufaanagavu ky’ekintabuli nga toyinza kulaba birungo byakyo eby’enjawulo.

Ekibuuzo:

1. Ku buli gumu ku migattiko gino, laga oba mufaanagavu oba si mufaanagavu:

(i)	Sukaali amerenguse mu mazzi 

(ii)	Obuwunga n’obukalakato bwa kkalwe ( iron filings)