Ababundabunda ba Uganda

Uganda lye limu ku mawanga agasinga okukyaza ababundabunda mu nsi yonna,   nga balina ababundabunda 1,529,904 (okutuuka nga 28 mu mwezi gwa Mukutula Nsanja owa 2022  ). Okuyingira okungi kw’ababundabunda kuva ku bintu ebiwerako mu mawanga agaliranye  Uganda naddala entalo n’obutabanguko mu South Sudan ne Democratic Republic of the Congo,  n’obuzibu obukwatagana n’ebyenfuna n’obutali butebenkevu mu by’obufuzi mu bitundu ebyo. Uganda erina enkola ‘ez’omukwano’ eziwa ababundabunda eddembe, gamba ng’eddembe ly’okusoma, okukola, eby’obwannannyini, eby’obulamu n’obuweereza obulala obusookerwako obw’embeera z’abantu. 

## Ebikwata ku bungi bw’abantu
Ababundabunda abasinga mu Uganda bava mu mawanga ag’omuliraano naddala South Sudan ne Democratic Republic of the Congo .  Uganda era erina ababundabunda okuva mu mawanga amalala nga Burundi, Somalia, Rwanda, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan n’amalala. 

* Olukalala lw'ababundabunda abasenga mu Uganda

Kumpi ebitundu 50% ku banoonyi b’obubudamu mu Uganda basangibwa mu nkambi z’ababundabunda eza Bidi Bidi, Pagirinya, ne Rhino, ezisangibwa mu kitundu ky’obukiikakkono bw’amaserengeta g’eggwanga.  Okugatta kwekyo, South Sudan ekola ebitundu 62 ku buli kikumi ku banoonyi b’obubudamu mu Uganda, ate Democratic Republic of the Congo erimu ebitundu 29 ku buli 100. 

## Ababundabunda okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo
Omwaka 2019 we gwaggweerako, ababundabunda okuva mu Congo abasoba mu 900,000 be bakyazibwa mu mawanga ga Africa ag’enjawulo, nga mu kiseera kino ebitundu ebisoba mu 40 ku buli kikumi bali mu Uganda.  Ekitundu kya DR Congo ekiriraanye ensalo ya Uganda kye kifo ababundabunda aba Congo abasinga obungi we basibuka.  Okuyingira kw’ababundabunda okw’amaanyi okusinga kuva ku butabanguko n’okulwana okutaggwaawo okufuze eggwanga lya DR Congo.  Ababundabunda bangi bayingira Uganda nga bayita mu nnyanja Albert mu ssaza ly’e Ituri mu DR Congo, eririraanye ekitundu ky’obukiikakkono bw’amaserengeta ga Uganda.  Ku babundabunda 900,000, kumpi ebitundu 3 ku buli kikumi baba baana abatambula bokka; kumpi ebitundu 2 ku buli kikumi baba bakyala abali mu bulabe; ate 0.2 ku buli kikumi badduka obutabanguko mu kukakibwa eby’okwegatta. 

Okubeerawo kw’ababundabunda mu Uganda kukoze bulungi ku miwendo gy’ababundabunda n’okufuna obuyigirize obw’obwannannyini mu bitundu ebibakyaza.  Kino kiva ku mikutu gy’obusuubuzi okweyongera mu bitundu omuli ababundabunda abangi, n’enkola ezissibwa mu nkola ebibiina ebitali bya gavumenti ezisobozesa abagaba ebyenjigiriza ab’obwannannyini okubeera ennyo mu bitundu ebirimu ababundabunda abangi.

### Ensonga eziviirako okudduka

#### Olutalo lw'e Kivu
Obukuubagano mu kitundu ky’e Kivu mu DR Congo bubaddewo okuva nga olutalo lw’e Congo olusooka terunnabaawo, era mu kiseera kino bukwata ekifaananyi ng’obukuubagano wakati w’amawanga mu Congo obuva mu bannabyabufuzi abalina obuyinza obungi.  Ebibinja by’abalina emmundu okuva mu bitundu by’e Congo okuli  Babembe, Bafuliru, ne Banyindu balwanagana n’Abanyarwanda Banyamulenge, nga Rwanda ekwatagana n’ekitundu ky’e Kivu.  Bangi bagamba nti obukuubagano buno bukwata ku kufuga ettaka n’ebyobugagga, kubanga ekifo kino Kivu kirimu eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka bingi. 

Olutalo luno luvuddeko abantu abasoba mu 200,000 okusengulwa n’okusaanyaawo ebitundu bingi.  Ekirala, ebifo ebikulu bisaanyiziddwaawo omuli amasomero, amalwaliro, n’obulwaliro.  Okuva mu mwezi gwa Muwakanya owa 2019, abantu baabulijjo kumpi 2,000 be battiddwa mu lutalo luno. 

#### Obutabanguko mu kibuga Ituri
Obukuubagano obuli mu ssaza ly’e Ituri mu DR Congo buvudde ku kulwanagana wakati w’amawanga g’Abahema n’Abalendu. Obutabanguko buno bumaze emyaka mingi, wadde nga gye buvuddeko bwayongera okusajjuka ng’ebyokulwanyisa mu kitundu kino byeyongera.  Okuva mu mwezi gwa Mutunda owa 2018, aba Lendus beeyongera okukola obulumbaganyi obw’effujjo ku ba Hemas, nga waliwo ebikolobero okuva ku kutta abantu, okusobya ku bakazi, n’okusaanyaawo ebifo ebikulu. 

Mu kiseera kyakasana mu mwaka gwa 2019, Pulezidenti Felix Tshisekedi owa DR Congo yavumirira obutabanguko obwaliwo wakati w’amawanga nti bwagezaako okutta abantu.  Mu Gatonya wa 2020, ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte kyafulumya alipoota ng’elangirira obutabanguko mu mawanga mu ssaza ly’e Ituri nti bumenyi bw’amateeka obutyoboola abantu.  Ebikumi n’ebikumi bya ba Congo abanoonya obukuumi n’obutebenkevu basala mu Uganda buli lunaku olw’obukuubagano buno. 

Abantu abasoba mu 700 be battiddwa mu lutalo luno, era ebikumi n’ebikumi batulugunyizibwa mu by’okwegatta.  Abasinga ku bano abakoseddwa bava mu bitundu by’Abahema. 

#### Ekirwadde kya Ebola
Okuva mu 1976, wabaddewo obulwadde bwa Ebola 10 obubalukawo mu DR Congo, ng’eyasembyeyo yatandika mu mwezi gwa Muwakanya owa 2018 n’egenda mu maaso n’okutuusa kati.  Ekirwadde kino mu kiseera kino kisinga kukwata masaza ga Ituri ne North Kivu, era mu butongole omuwendo gw’abalwadde gusukka emitwalo esatu.  Mu mwezi gwa Kasambula owa 2019, ekirwadde kino kyalangirirwa ng’embeera ey’obuzibu ey’ebyobulamu mu ggwanga lyonna era nga yeeraliikiriza ensi yonna okusinzira ku mukiise w’ekitongole ky’ebyobulamu mu nsi yonna owa Uganda. 

Ekirwadde kino kyakendedde mu mwaka gwa 2020, nga omulwadde eyasembayo okukwatibwa yakakasibwa mu mwezi gwa Mukutula Nsanja ku lunnaku olwe 17.  Kuno kwe kubutuka kwe kirwadde kya Ebola okusinga obunene mu DR Congo, era gwe mulundi ogwokubiri mu nsi yonna. 

### Ensonga eziviirako  ababundabunda okujja mu Uganda
Mu kiseera kino Uganda y’esinga okukyaza ababundabunda mu mawanga ga Afrika gonna, ekiyinza okuba nga kiva ku nkola yaabwe ey’okuggulawo emiryango eri ababundabunda.  Mu butuufu, gavumenti y’eggwanga efudde okwaniriza n’okulabirira ababundabunda ekintu ekikulu mu nkola yaayo ey’eggwanga.  Enkola ya Uganda ku babundabunda erimu okwaniriza omuntu yenna anoonya obubudamu mu ggwanga lino, awatali kulowooza ku nsi gy’asibuka. Era zikkiriza ababundabunda eddembe ly’okutambula n’eddembe ly’okunoonya emirimu. Ekirala, amaka g’ababundabunda buli omu aweebwa ekitundu ky’ettaka basobole okuganyulwa mu bulimi. 

Uganda ebadde ewagira Democratic Republic ya Congo okuva gavumenti lwe yayingirira ensi eno eyali ekoseddwa entalo mu 1998. 

## Ebizibu Ababundabunda bye boolekagana nabyo

Omwaka oguwedde, Uganda yayingiza ababundabunda bangi okusinga amawanga amalala mu nsi yonna. Ekimu ku bizibu ebikulu abanoonyi b’obubudamu bye boolekagana nabyo kwe kuba nti abasinga ku bantu bano abasinga baana. Ebimu ku kusoomoozebwa ababundabunda kwe boolekagana nabyo mulimu obutakola bulungi mu by’obulimi, obuzibu mukubunyisa amawulire n’okusaasaanya ebyamaguzi. 

### COVID-19 n'ababundabunda
Ekika kya coronavirus ekipya, ekituumiddwa COVID-19, kyasooka kulabika mu kibuga Wuhan e China, nga kyasooka okukwatibwa nga 17 mu mwezi gwa Museenene owa 2019.  Nga 13 mu mwezi gwa Gatonya owa 2020, akawuka kano kaali kasaasaanye okuva e China ne kagenda mu Thailand, nga wano wekyasookera  okukwatibwa nti  COVID-19 ali bweru wa China.  Nga 11 mu mwezi gwa Mugula Nsingo owa 2020, ekitongole ky’ebyobulamu mu nsi yonna kyakkiriza mu butongole ekirwadde kya COVID-19 nga ssennyiga omukambwe . Mu kiseera ekyo, akawuka kano kaali kasaasaanidde mu mawanga agasukka mu 114 era nga kamaze okutta abantu abasoba mu 4,000.  Nga 17 mu mwezi gwa Kafumuula Mpawo owa 2020, kumpi obukadde bubiri n’obukadde 200 bakakasibwa okuba abalwadde ba COVID-19 mu nsi yonna, 55 bakakasibwa mu Uganda, 4 bakakasibwa mu South Sudan, ne 287 bakakasibwa mu Democratic Republic of the Congo.  Nga abakugu mu by’obulamu n’abanoonyereza bakyagenda mu maaso n’okumanya ebisingawo ku kawuka kano, ebibiina eby’enjawulo bituuse mu maaso g’abantu ng’ebibinja eby’akabi ennyo. Ekimu ku bibinja ng’ebyo be banoonyi b’obubudamu.

Ababundabunda n’abantu abalala ababundabunda be basinga okubeera mu bulabe olw’embeera gye babeeramu. Okugeza, ababundabunda bangi babeera mu nkambi oba mu bifo ebisenga abantu abangi mu ngeri etategeerekeka era nga tebalina buweereza bungi. Ababundabunda mu nkambi n’ebifo eby’okusenga nabo basanga obuzibu mu kufuna amawulire agesigika era amatuufu olw’ebiziyiza eby’enjawulo. Ekirala, ababundabunda okwetoloola ensi yonna beesigamye nnyo ku buyambi bw’ebibiina ebiyamba abantu, ebibiina ebitali bya gavumenti, ne gavumenti; olw’ekirwadde kya ssenyiga omukambwe, ebibiina bino byakussa amaanyi n’ensimbi zaabyo ku kawuka kano. 

Ku nkomerero y’omwezi gwa Mugula Nsigo owa 2020, gavumenti ya Uganda yalangirira nga bwegenda okuyimiriza mu butongole okukkiriza ababundabunda n’abanoonyi b’obubudamu okuyingira mu ggwanga olw’omuwendo gw’abalwadde abakakasibwa okweyongera.  Bangi bali batya nti omuwendo gw’abafudde COVID-19 mu Uganda gugenda kweyongera nnyo singa akawuka kano kayingizibwa mu bifo eby’ababundabunda ebingi. Okugatta kw’ekyo, abakiise b’ekitongole ky’amawanga amagatte ekivunaanyizibwa ku banoonyi b’obubudamu beeraliikirivu nti embeera z’ababundabunda ezisenga ziyinza okusobozesa akawuka kano okusaasaana, kubanga okuva ku kufuna amazzi amatono, era n’emmere esaliddwako mu kiseera kino.  Gye buvuddeko ab’obuyinza mu Uganda basanga obuzibu okulaba ng’ababundabunda bagoberera ebiragiro by’ebyobulamu n’ebyokwerinda gavumenti by’eyateeka mu nkola okusobola okukomya okusaasaana kw’ekirwadde kya corona. Musu Ecweru, Minisita wa Uganda avunaanyizibwa ku kwetegekera obutyabaga, annyonnyola nti obutagoberera buno buyinza okuba nga buva ku kuba nti ababundabunda bangi bava mu mawanga gavumenti gye ziteesigika; nga bwe kiri, okugondera obuyinza si kya bulijjo era kizibu. 

## Ebizibu ebiva ku babundabunda
Uganda, olw’okusembeza abagenyi kwonna, efubye okukwata ku banoonyi b’obubudamu abangi abayingira. Ababundabunda bano bajja mu ggwanga nga beetaaga obujjanjabi kuba bangi bagya balwadde oba nga bafunye ebisago okuva mu lugendo lwabwe. Kino kitadde akazito akanene ku bakungu b’ebyobulamu mu ggwanga. Mu Uganda, buli bannansi 24,000 babeera n’omusawo omu, ate ku buli 11,000 wabaawo nnansi omu.  Kino kireese okusoomoozebwa mu kulabirira ababundabunda. Mu kusooka, abanoonyi b’obubudamu baali baweebwa ettaka erimu okulima n’okulabirira amaka gaabwe kyokka olw’omuwendo gw’ababundabunda okweyongera ennyo, eggwanga terikyasobola kukikola ekifuula okukaluubiriza ababundabunda okweriisa.  Okubeerawo kw’abanoonyi b’obubudamu bano tekukoma ku kukifuula kizibu kwoka kubanga okuwa ettaka wabula n’amazzi n’obubudamu.  Mu kitundu, olutalo lw’ababundabunda olw’emmere luvudde ku bakungu abakola enkambi zino okukozesa obubi ssente ezaali zigendereddwamu ababundabunda okwegaggawaza mu kifo ky’ekyo.  Kino kivuddeko okunoonyereza ku bamu ku bakungu bano.

## Laba ne

* Minisitule y'okwetegekera obutyabaga  (  ) .
* Okukozesa ababundabunda mu Uganda mu by’okwegatta
* Olutalo lw'omunda mu South Sudan
* Obukuubagano mu Kivu

## Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa