open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Okulowooza okusegeevu n'Okulowooza okugereefu(Concrete and abstract thinking)

Okulowooza okusegeevu (Concrete thinking) n’okulowooza okugereefu (abstract thinking) okusinziira ku Charles Muwanga.Sooka omanye enjawulo wakati w'emiramwa gino esatu:

(i)   Okusegeera(sense perception)

(ii)  Okugereesa (to theories, to guess)

(iii) Okutegeera (to understand objectively)

Weetegereze:

(a)Omuntu agereesa aba teyesigamye ku kutegeera kituufu kyennyini wabula okujjakookukozesa obwongo bwokka awatali kunoonya nkakaso(proof).

(b)Okusegeera kiraga kwesigama ku nketteso(body sense) emu yokka.

(c)Okutegeera kitegeeza kwesigama ku nketteso z'omubiri zoona ettaano awamu n'okulambika ebirowoozo(inductive reasoning).

Omuntu alowooza mu busegeevu atunuulira essinzizo nga ekizimbe obuzimbe naye oyo alowooza mu bugereefu atunuulira essinzizo nga ekifo ekiraga obutonde bw’omuntu kalimagezi alaba Sabagezi, Namugereka, Katonda mu kibalo ne sayansi ali emabega w’obutonde n’obwengula.

Katonda oyo ali emabega wa sayansi n’ekibalangulo ekiri emabega w’obutonde agereesebwa okuba ow’ekyewuunyo, asaanidde okutenderezebwa mu kifo eky’enjawulo ekiyitibwa essinzizo. 

Kino kitegeeza nti okulowooza okukoma ku kusegeera, kukoma kw’ekyo ky’olabako n’amaaso go, ky’owunyiriza n’enyindo zo, ekisensera olususu lwo nga okikutteko, ky’owulira n’amatu go; ezo ze fakikya (facts). Yadde nga okulowooza okusegeevu nakwo kulimu enkola za mulegera, kukoma ku fakikya eziba zisegeddwa sensa.

Okulowooza okugereefu (abstract thinking) kwetaagisa okukozesa obwongo oba omulengera gwo okusobola okufuna amakulu amakusike agali mu fakikya z’osegedde ne sensa zo. Abasegeevu (concrete thinkers) bafuna ekifaananyi kimu mu kintu ekiri awamu ate abalowooza abagereefu (abstract thinkers) balina ebifaananyi bya njawulo ebiri emabega w’ekintu ekiri awamu. 

Okulowooza okugereefu kwekuusuza ku kutaputa makulu ag’enjawulo g’ojja mu fakikya z’osegedde n’ennyindo, amaaso, olulimi, okukwatako oba okulegako. Okulowooza okugereefu bwe kuba nga kwekuusiza ku birowoozo, okulowooza okusegeevu kwekuusiza ku fakikya zokka nga bw’oba ozisegedde oba ka tugambe nga bwe ziba ziketteddwa sensa z’omubiri.
Okwetegeera (Selfconsciousness )

Okwetegeera (Self-consciousness) okusinziira ku Charles Muwanga !

Omuntu kalimagezi alina engerekera y’okwetegeera (the instinct self - consciousness) ng’omuntu aliwo olw’okuba omulengera gwe (obwongo bwe) gulina obusobozi okumumanyisa nti w’ali era mulamu. 

Obutafaanana bisolo, omuntu alina obutonde obw’okwetegeera era yeebuuza ku kubaawo kwe, gye yava, ne gy’alaga, ensonga lwaki yefaako okutumbula embeera y’obulamu bwe n’okumanya oba okuteebereza ekigendererwa kya Katonda gyali. 

Okwetegeera era kitegeeza okumanya embeera z’obuntu ennungi n’ezitali nungi. Mu mbeera embi omuntu z’ayinza okubeeramu mulimu obutayagala kugambwako, enge, empiiga, okunyiiga okunyigirizibwa, okwekubagiza, obutayagala kubuulirirwa, obusunguwavu, obutasaasira, obutasonyiwa, obutujju, okwagala ennyo ebyamasanyu, okwerowozaako wekka n’endala. Okwetegeera kitegeeza kubeera waggulu wa mbeera zo ez’obuntu nga ozifuga mu kifo kya zzo okukufuga.

Okwetegeera n’olwekyo kitegeeza kumanya nti:

•	 W’oli, oli mulamu, oli mu ntabaganya era olina entabaganyo mwe wesanga, n’olwekyo olina okwefaako n’okufa ku bantu banno.

•	wetaaga okuyambibwa, nawe yamba abalala,

•	 wetaaga okwagalwa, nawe laga abalala okwagala n’okufiibwaako

•	wetaaga obulamu naawe kuuma obulamu bw’abalala

•	toyagala kulumizibwa nawe tolumya balala

•	 tewetaaga kunyigirizibwa naawe tonyigiriza balala,

•	Tewetaaga kutulugunyizibwa nawe totulugunya balala, 

•	Wetaaga okukulaakulana nawe yamba abalala okukulaakulana.

•	Si ggwe weetonda; manya era osinzenga Katonda wo.

Okwetegeera kitegeeza kumanya enjawulo eriwo wakati w’embeera ez’obuntu ennungi n’embi ozikakkanye zituukane n’ezo ezetaaga okukusobozesa okutabagana obulungi n’abalala.
Okulowooza(thinking)

Okulowooza (thinking)okusinziira ku Charles Muwanga. 

Okulowooza kikolwa kya mulengera (mental process), obusobozi obw’okutondeka ebirowoozo (formation of thoughts). Okufaanana n’ensolo endala, omuntu yenna alowooza ku buli kintu ky’asegeera ne sensa ze ettaano. Buli muntu alowooza ku bintu, ebisolo, abantu, ebifo, enkula, na buli kintu kyonna awatali nsonga lwaki akola kino. Kino akikola ng’ enneeyisa engerekere (instinctive behaviour) awatali kukyefumiitirizako.

Wano omuntu atondeka ekirowoozo (forms a thought) awatali fakikya (facts) oba bukakafu. Kino kitegeeza nti mu mbeera emu, okulowooza kikolwa ekyetaagisa omuntu okutondeka ekirowoozo ku mbeera eriwo nga bw’eri awatali kugyefumiitirizaako.

Guno gwe mutendera ogusooka ogwetaagisa buli muntu yenna okusoobola okukozesa obusobozi bw’omulengera gwe (fakalita z'Omulengera) gwe obulala obw’enkozesa y’obwongo. 

 Okulowooza kuno n’ebikolwa ebigerekere (instinctive acts) oba okumanya okwembagirawo (intuition) tekiri mu bantu bokka, wabula kuli ne mu nsolo ezitalina bwakalimagezi (magezi ga mutendera gwa waggulu) tebiri ku mutindo nga ogw’omuntu. Ziraba ekintu ne zikirowozaako nga bwe kiri kyokka zzo zikoma awo tezeeyongerayo kwefumiitiriza oba kukyefumiitirizaako yadde okwongera okukinoonyerezaako ne sensa endala.

Buli muntu asobola okulowooza naye abantu abamu bakoma ku kulowooza, tebeyongerayo kwefumiitiriza, balowooza bulowooza awatali kwefumiitiriza.  Bakkiririza mu fakikya (facts) oba ebiriwo awatali ku byekebejja na kwekenneenya. Fakikya zino oba ebiriwo nga bw’aba abisegedde, yee abitwala ng’amazima era tafaayo kubyekebejja na kubyekenneenya kusingako awo.
Ebibuuzo ku bulungi (Questions on beauty )

Ebibuuzo ku Bulungi(Questions on beauty) okusinziira ku Charles Muwanga:

•	Ekirungi kye ki? Obulungi kye ki?

•	Ekibi kye ki?

•	Omuntu ayawula atya ekirungi n’ekibi?

•	Enneeyisa enungi y’efaanana etya?

•	Enneeyisa embi y’efaanana etya?

•	Okutondeka ekirungi kye ki?

•	Ekitondekabiringi (art) kye ki?

•	Essomakitondekabirungi (fine art) kye ki?

•	Nakitondekabirungi ez’obusuubuzi (commercial arts) kye ki?

•	Obwakalimagezi obwa nakitondekabirungi kye ki?

•	Obulungi bw’omuntu kye ki? Obulungi bw’omuntu ndabika, mpisa, oba byombi? 

•	Omuzadde asaanye kukkaatiriza ki ng’akuza omwana? Ndabika yokka oba enjogera, empisa ezikakasiddwa oba byonna?

•	Anoonya omubeezi essira asaanye aliteeke ku mpisa, ndabika oba byombi?

•	Ate abanoonya abakozi esira baliteeke ku busobozi bwokka mpisa za buntu oba byombi?

•	Omwana omusomesa otya okwawula ekirungi n’ekibi, omulungi n’omubi, omulabe we n’owomukwano?

•	Omuntu ayawula atya omulungi n’omubi, ow’omukwano n’omutabazitabuzi? Oyo akugamba ky’oyagala okuwulira yadde nga tekiikuyambe oba oyo okugamba kyewetaaga? Enjogera y’omuntu yokka, gamba okwogeza eggonjebwa n’obukkakkamu kimala okumanya obulungi bwe obw’omwoyo? Tewaliiwo abazzi b’emisangu egya kkondo n’obutujju abasendasenda abo be batusaako obuvune n’enjogera ey’eggonjebwa eraga ekisa n’obukkakkamu?
Ebibuuzo ku kumanya (Questions on knowledge)

Ebibuuzo ku Kumanya(Questions on knowledge) okusinziira ku Charles Muwanga !!

Wali osoomozza omulengera gwo(your mind) ku mulamwa gw’okumanya(knowledge) ? 

Mu butuufu tewali muntu asobola kunoonya kumanya nga tamanyi okumanya kye ki? Okusobola okutuuka okumanya ku buli kintu,  yiga okwebuuza ebibuuzo nga bino ku kumanya:

a)	Okumanya (knowledge) kye ki?

b)	Omuntu atuuka atya ku kumanya?

•	ng’atunula n’alaba n’amaaso ge?

•	ng’akwatako?

•	ng’alegako?

•	Nga awuliriza?

•	Oba ng’ogattika byonna?

c)	Njawulo ki eri wakati w’okusegeera (sense perception), okutegeera (understanding), n’okumanya (knowing).

d)	Omanya otya nti omanyi? 

•	Kuyita mu kusegeera okw'enketteso zo ez'omubiri(sense perception using his or her body senses) nga otunula n’olaba, nga owuliriza, nga owunyiriza, nga olegako, oba nga okwatako?

•	Nga okozesa obwongo okwefumiitiriza ku ky’osegedde ne sensa zo ettaano?

•	Ng’okola enkakaso (experimentation)?

•	Oba ng’ogattika byonna?

e)	Omuzadde oyamba otya omwana okuyiga okutuuka ku kumanya okwetengerevu?

•	Ng’amuyigiriza okulambika ensonga?

•	Ng’omuyigiriza okulambulula ensonga

•	Nga omuyigiriza okunoonya fakikya, obutuufu, oba obukakafu?

•	Oba byonna?

 (f) Njawulo ki eri wakati w’okulambika n’okulambulula ensonga.
Ebibuuzo ku Butonde (Questions on nature)

Ebibuuzo ku butonde (Questions on nature) okusinziira ku Charles 

Muwanga !!

Ekimu ku birwiisizzaawo omwana w’omuddugavu okuyitimuka mu sayansi ez’ensibo ne tekinologa kiva mu butebuuza ku butonde mu bulamu bwe obwa bulijjo. 

Okwebuuza  ku butonde  kye kimu ku bifuula omuntu ensolo ya sayansi kubanga  sayansi naye atandika na kwebuuza ku butonde oba emiramwa gy’obutonde, nga omugendo (a ray), okuva (motion), empalirizo esikira ku  Nsi (earth’s gravity),  amasoboza (energy), empalirizo (force), enzitoya (mass), enzitoyo (matter), n’ebirala. 

Bino bye bimu ku bibuuzo buli buli muntu omutegeevu by’alina okwebuuza ku butonde kubanga “buli muntu mu butonde nsolo ya sayansi. Nga tonnaba kwebalira mu bagunjufu, sooka weebuuze oba nga otera okwebuuzizza ebibuzo bino mu bulamu mu kimpowooze mu mulengera wo?

a)	Obwengula busengekeddwa butya?

b)	Ensi kwe tuli, mu butonde, yo eriwo etya? Mpagi ki egiwaniridde mu bwengula?

c)	Obutonde bulina enteekateeka kwe buyimiridde?

d)	Kiki ekiri emabega w’ensengekera z’obutonde (natural systems)?

e)	Obutonde n’obwengula birina akakwate? Obutonde era kitegeeza buli ekiriwo mu bwengula, omuli nabire(nabular clouds), golomola oba ebisinde (galaxies), senkulungo (enjuba oba emmunyenye), enkulungo(planets),  n’emyeezi, awamu n’ensengekera z’ebiramu n’ebitali biramu  (eza atomu ne molekyu),  byonna ebisangibwa  mu bwengula yonna gye biri ?

f)	Ensengekera ya sengendo eziri mu bwengula erimu ki?

g)	Obutonde bulimu emitendera gy’ebiramu emeka era mitendera ki?

h)	Ki ekikola obuzimbe bwa buli kintu ekiriwo nga empewo, ebikulukusi n’enkalubo (ebyekutte)?

i)	Waliwo ekirwo mu buttonde ekitali kya mugaso ku bulamu? Lwaki kyetaagisa okukuuma obutonde bw’Ensi?
Concepts necessary for Luganda Physics discourse on the Duality of nature

IALI NGO has been authorized by Terminologist Charles Muwanga to post this article from his Luganda scientific works on Luganda Wikipedia for Public consumption>

1. The concepts required for any Luganda language Discourse on the Duality of Nature.

The natural sciences require understanding the duality of nature.  What keeps the universe together are contradictions (okukontana). These are the Luganda concepts you need in your discussion:

•	Okukontana		Contradiction ,to be the Opposite of 

•	Obwannabbirye bw’obutonde								the duality of nature

•	Ebintu ebya Kikontana									Opposites

•	Obumu bw’ebikontana							the Unity of Opposites

•	Okukontana Okubezaawo Obwengula    			Contradictions that Keep the Universe together

•	Okukontana wakati  w’Enjuba n’Enkulungo 	Contradiction between the sun and the planets 

•	Okukontana Wakati W’enkulungo n’emyezi    		Contradiction Between a planet and its Moon (s)

•	Eggobansonga									    		Dialectics 

•	Omugobansonga									Dialectician

•	Omukontanyi									Dialectician 

•	Eggobansonga mu Butonde						Dialectics In Nature 

•	Ensengeka									Arrangement 

•	Ensengekera									System

•	Ensengekera y’Enjuba									Solar System

•	Ensengekera y’Obwengula							Cosmic System

•	Seng’endo									Celestial Body

•	Ensengekera z’omubiri									Body systems

•	Nabire									Nebular

•	Ekire nabire 									The nebular cloud

•	Enjuba/Emmunyenye										Sun/Star

•	Enkulungo									Planet

•	Akalombolombo ka sayansi							the Scientific Method

•	 Ekisinde									Galaxy

•	Akatoffaalikazimbakintu									The building block of matter 

•	Akaziba oba Atomu									Atom

•	Okukontana Okubezaawo Atomu			Contradiction that keeps the Atom together

•	Endagabuzaale								Genes
•	Akatono/obutono											Very small

•	Akatini 													Miniature , tiny
•	Obutonniinya											Sub atomic particles

•	Obutinniinya											Elementary particles

•	Ekikyusabuziba											To react, reaction

•	Ekikyusabuziba											Chemical reaction

•	Ekitomeggero											Reactor

•	Obuzaale												Genes

•	Essomabuzaale												Genetics

•	Obusekese										Chromosomes

•	Ekikemiko (= ekika ekya kemiko)				Of a chemical nature  

•	Okutomeggana okw’ekikemiko               		Chemical Reaction/reaction of a chemical nature

•	Endagakintu								Element

•	Ekipooli ky'enkyusabuziba								Chemical Compound

•	Molekyo									Molecule

•	Enzitoya									Mass or Heavenly Body

•	Nabuzimbe								Matter

•	Eripuso									Ellipse

•	Ekiwoova 									Oval
Concepts necessary for Luganda discourse on the Universe

The Discourse on the Universe (Obwengula) in Luganda.

Any discourse on the science of the universe or the cosmic arrangement in Luganda requires the following concepts:

•	Obwengula											The Universe

•	Nabire					
										Nebular
•	Ekire nabire										The Nebular  Cloud 

•	Amasoboza											Energy

•	Ekikuubagano								Friction

•	Okubwatuka okunene		Big Bang

•	 Emikka/ggaasi 								Gases

•	Seng’endo												Heavenly bodies or Celestial bodies

•	Enjuba 														(Emmunyenye) Obutabalika	Trillions Of  Suns (Stars)

•	Ebisinde													Galaxies

•	Ebisinde obutabalika		Trillions of Galaxies

•Enjuba																						Suns=Stars	
•Emunnyenye																		Stars=Distant Suns	
	
•	Enkulungo 																			Planets
•	Ebyebulungulo																	Magnetic Or Gravitational Fields
•	Ebibulungulo																		Satellites

•	Ebibulungulo by’enjuba											Solar  
Satellites, Enkulungo
•Omwezi																					Moon 
•	Ebibulungulo by’enkulungo 								Planetary Satellites

•	Ekibulungulo ky’obutonde									Natural Satellite

•	Ebibulungulo ebinonooze		 		 					Engineered (Artificial) Satellites

•	Amasoboza 																		Energy

•	Obuziba oba Atomu																 						Atoms

•	Obutoffaalikazimbakintu									The building blocks of Matter	 

•	Okutomeggana kwa kemiko							Chemical Reactions
•	 
Molekyo																					Molecule 
•	Ebipooli/ebitooli	
											Chemical Compound

•	Ebipooli eby’ekika ekya kemiko					Chemical Compounds
•	Endagakintu																			Elements

•	Ensengekera y’enjuba eya semufu			A Supernova Solar System

•	Okuweweenyuka okwetoloovu						Spinning

•	Okwenyiga ekiddamunda									Contraction

•	Okwesikira munda														Contraction

•	Empalirizo esikira  mu makkati					Centripetal Force

•	Empalirizo  eyewaggula ku makkati		Centrifugal Force

•	Ekisiisi y’enkulungo												Planetary Axis

•	Akatoffaalikazimbakintu				 				The Building Block  Of Matter

•	Ekimette /Ekintu /ekitonde							Anything, matter, substance, 

•	Olusekkati lw’enkulungo									Planetary axis

•	Ekisiisi y’Ensi																	The earth’s axis

•	Olusekkati lw’ensi 													The earth’s axis

•	Obukulungo																	Planetoids

•	Enkulungo 																			Planets/ sphere

•	Ekikulungo																			Hemisphere
•	Obwekulungirivu															Spherical  in nature

•	Ekintu ekyekulungirivu											Something spherical

•	Enkula ennetoloovu													Circle

•	Obwotoloovu																	Circumference 

•	Ekintu ekyetoloovu													Something circular

•	Yikweta																					Sun’s equator 

•	Obwebulungirivu 																				Perimeter
More concepts necessary for Luganda discourse on the Cosmic arrangement

IALI NGO has been authorized by terminologist Charles Muwanga to post this article from his Luganda scientific works on Luganda Wikipedia for free public consumption.

4.	More concepts necessary for any Discourse on the  
cosmic arrangement include;
•	Ensengeka																		Arrangement

•	Ensengekera																	System

•	Ensengekera y’ebisinde									Galaxy system

•	Ekisinde eky’ekitangalijjo								Milky way galaxy

•	 Enjuba yaffe																Our sun

•	Enjuba Muwanga												Our sun

•	Ensengekera y’enjuba yaffe						Our solar system

•	Ensengekera y’enjuba Muwanga			Our solar system 

•	Okwetoloola enjuba mu biripuso			Moving around the sun in ellipses
•	Nampewo																		Atmosphere

•	Ggaasi eya kitondekamazzi						Hydrogen gas

•	 Keriyamu																		Helium 

•	Amoniya																			Ammonia

•	 Meteeni																			Methane

•	Emirangaatira gy’omuzira					   	Ice giants

•	Enkulungo eza nakalanga							Dwarf planets

•	Omwezi gwa kaluuna										Lunar moon

•	Ensengekela y’enjuba muwanga 		Our solar system

•	Bannabwengula													Astronomers 

•	Essomabwengula													Astronomy

•	Ensengeka y’obwengula								Cosmic arrangement

•	Ensengekera y’obwengula						The cosmic system

•	Ekire nabire 																The nabular cloud

•	Seng’endo 																	Cerestial bodies

•	Empalirizo																	Force

•	Enzitoya=seng’endo											Mass, body

•	Enzitoya z’obwengula									Heavenly bodies (celestial bodies)
Concepts necessary for Luganda discourse on the Laws that govern the Universe

IALI NGO has authorised terminologist Charles Muwanga to post this article from his Luganda scientific works on Luganda Wikipedia for public consumption .

The Discourse on the laws that govern the Universe in Luganda 

It is also important that you are able to discuss the laws that govern the universe in Luganda; these are the concepts you need in your discussion:

•	Amateeka g’essomabuzimbe				The Laws of  Chemistry 

•	Amateeka g’essomabutonde				The Laws of Physics 

•	Amateeka g’ekibalangulo						The Laws of Mathematics

•	 Seng’endo																Celestial bodies

•	Omugendo																Motion

•	Omugendo Ogutakoma.							Unending (Continuous) 

•	Omugendo  ogw’entakoma					Permanent/unending motion

•	Ensikirizo																	magnetic pull

•	Essikirizo																	Gravity 

•	Okusikiriza																to attract magnetically 

•	Ensikirizo																	Magnetic attraction

•	Ensindikirizo															Magnetic repulsion
•	Okusindikaggana												To repel

•	Okisikaggana														To get atrcted to each othe

•	Newton																							Isaac Netoni

•	 Essikirizo  ly’enkulungo												Planetary gravity

•	 Essikirizo  ly’ Ensi																The Earth’s Gravity

•	Essikirizo l y’Omwezi														The Moon’s Gravity

•	Empalirizo 																					Force

•	Ekyebulungulo ky’ensikirizo										Gravitational Field

•	Ekyebulungulo ky’essikirizo ly’ enjuba 		Solar Gravitational  Field

•	 Empalirizo ezisikira  ku mpuyibbiri					Opposing Forces

•	Empalirizo esikira mu makkati								Centripetal Force

•	Empalirizo eyewaggula ku makkati				Centrifugal Force
•	Ekibulungulo																				Satellite

•	Ekyebulungulo 																		Field
Concepts necessary for Luganda discourse on the opposing forces that keep our solar system together

IALI NGO has  been authorized by terminologist Charles Muwanga to post this article on Luganda wikipedia for free public consumption.

The Luganda discourse on the opposing forces that keep the universe together

Do you know the Luganda concepts you need to know in order to explain the forces that keep the universe together? These are the concepts you need in any discussion on this topic:

•	Empalirizo 																						    Force

•	Amasoboza																						 Energy

•	Empalirizo ezisikira mu mpuyibbiri							Opposing forces

•	Empalirizo esikira mu makkati									Centripetal force

•	Empalirizo eyewaggula ku makkati	 					Centrifugal force

•	Emplairizo eziva ku makakati										centrifugal forces 

•	Okwewaggula ku makkati             		 						flee the center, Fleeing the center
Concept necessary for Luganda discourse on the Laws that govern Planet Earth

7. The Discourse on the laws that govern the Earth.

There are laws that govern the universe in general and those that govern the planet earth in particular. These are the concepts you need in your discussion on this topic:

•	Essikirizo																			Ensikirizo ennene, Gravity,big pull of attraction

•	Ensikirizo									  			 							Magnetic attraction

•	Ensindiikirizo								    		 					Magnetic repulsion

•	Essikirizo ly’Ensi.														Earth’s gravity

•	Ensikirizo za magineeti 									Magnetic attraction

•	Nampewo																		Earth’s atmosphere

•	Namikka																			Planetary atmosphere

•	Ekifo eky’ekibalo.													Habitable zone

•	Emigendo gy’enkulungo y’Ensi.				Movements  of the earth 

•	Okwetoloola enjuba											Rotating around the sun

•	Omugendo  ogutakoma									Unending motion

•	Okwetoloolera ku ekisiisi kya yo			Rotating on its axis	

•	Ensibuko y’ekiro n’emisana							The causes of day and night Time
The Concepts necessary for the discourse on nuclear science in Luganda

IALI NGO was authorised by terminologisty CVharles Muwanga to post this article from his Luganda scientific works on Luganda wikipedia for free public consumption.

8. The Discourse on Nuclear science in Luganda 

This is a world of science and technology. This is the time to gandanise  the science behind nuclear science. Adopt and adapt the following terms in your daily life in Luganda language:

•Endagabuzimbe/Ennabuzimbe			(Matter)

•Ekintu						(thing)

•Sabusitansi					(substance)

•Matiiriyo 					(material)

•	Enzitoya				(mass)

•Obuzito					(weight)

•Obuziba					(Atom)

•Atomu/Akaziba					(Atom)

•Sayansi w’obuziba				(Atomic Science)

•Sayansi wa atomu				(Atomic Science)

• Obuziizi				(Nucleus)

•	Ebyobuziizi				(Nuclear science)

•	Amasoboza ag’ebuziizi)	(Nuclear energy)

•	Sayansi w'obuziizi/Ebyobuziizi	(Nuclear science)

•	Ebyokulwanyisa ebya nnyukiriya			(Nuclear weapons)

•	Amasoboza  ag'obuziizi						(Nuclear energy)

•	Ekyabuluzabuziizi					(Nuclear  fission)

•	Ekyegattisabuziizi					(Nuclear fusion)

i)	Okwegattisa 						(to synthesize , to fuse )

ii)	Ekitangattisa						( photosynthesis)

iii)	Ebintu ebyegattise				        (refers to synthetic materials)
The Concepts necessary for Luganda discourse on the Forces of nature

IALI NGO has been authorized by terminologizt Charles Muwanga to post this article from his Luganda scientific Luganda on Luganda Wikipedia for free public consumption.

The discourse on the forces of nature in Luganda

Empalirizo										(Forces)

	Empalirizo z’Obutonde								(The Forces of Nature)

Essikirizo  											(Gravity)

Ekikuubagano											(Friction). 

Ekigugubiro											(Resistance) 

Kawereege 												(Tension). 

	Amaanyi aga kawereege						(Tensile strength)

	Empalirizo eza Nnyukiriya. 				(Nuclear forces) 

	Empalirizo ez’obuziizi								 (Nuclear forces)

	Empalirizo Za Magineeti.						(magnetic forces) 

Ekikkatiro 											(Compression). 

Ekinyigirizo											(Stress)

Entagenda											(Statics)

	Entagenda ey’amasannyalaze 					(Electrostatics)

Kawereege											(Tension)

Amaleego 										(Tensile Strength)

	Embavu ey’ekiwaniriro								(Yield Strength)

	Embavu ey'entikko 	(Ultimate Strength) 
	Embavu ey’ekitendewalirwo							(Breaking Strength) 

Ekikkatiro														 						(Compression), 

Seppulingi									(Springs)
Empalirizo 											(Forces)
Okuva 														(Motion)
Endagabuzimbe/nabuzimbe																				(Matter)
Amaleego 													(Tensile Strength
	Ekikuubagano																	(Friction
	Empalirizo ez’Essikirizo 										(Gravitational forces) 
	Empalirizo z’ensikirizoo											(Magnetic forces
	Okukola																					(Work)
	Sayansi w’Ekitangaala											(The science of Light) 
	Sayansi w’Obwengula 											(The science of the Universe)
	Taabulo eya  Erementi ez’Ekikemiko		Table of chemical elements)
	Amaanyi 																				(Power) 
•	Embavu																					(Strength)
•	Amasoboza 																		(Energy) 
•	Ekitengejjo																			(Floatation)
•	Obukwafu 																			(Thickness)
•	Obukwafuwavu																(Density)
•	Obukwatufu																		(Viscocity)
•	Okufuma 																				(Corrosion),
•	Obutaravvu                                      						 (Rust)
The concepts necessary for Luganda discourse on the science of electricity

IALI NGO has been authorized by terminologist Charles Muwanga to post articles from his Luganda scientific works on Luganda wikipedia for free public consumption.

10. The discourse on the concept of “Amasannyalaze” (electricity).

(a)	Amasannyalaze																									(electricity )

(b)	
(c)	Okusannyalaza																									(to charge)

(d)	
(e)	Obusannyalazo																									(Electrons)

(f)	
(g)	Ekisannyalazo																										(Charge)

(h)	
(i)	Ebisannyalazo																										(Charges)

(j)	
(k)	Obukontanyo /Konta																				(Protons)

(l)	
(m)	Nampawengwa (Nampa)																			(Neutrons)

(n)	
(o)	Okukontana												(to be the Opposite of  to Contradict)

(p)	
(q)	Okumyansuka 																							      ( to flash)

(r)	
(s)	Ekimyansuko																											(Lightening)

(t)	
(u)	Ebitondekeso by’amasannyalaze 													(Electrical Generators)

(v)	
(w)	Obukaaki bw’amasannyalazi																(Arcs Of Electricity)

(x)	
(y)	Omugendo bw’amasannyalaze														(Electric Current)

(z)	
(aa)	Omugendo bw’amasannyalaze Omutereevu              		(Direct Current)

(bb)	
(cc)	Omugendo gw’amasannyalaze Ogwekyusaganya 		(Alternating Current )

(dd)	
(ee)	Entagenda																												(Statics)

(ff)	
(gg)	Ebisannyalazo Eby’entagenda															(Static Charges)

(hh)	
(ii)	Amasannyalaze Ag’entagenda															(Static Electricity)

(jj)	
(kk)	Ebikugiro by’Amasannyalaze																(Insulators)

(ll)	
(mm)	Entagenda y’Amasannyalaze																(Electrostatics)

(nn)	
(oo)	*Ekibulungulo																										(Satellite)

(pp)	
(qq)	Ebibulungulo																	     									(Satellites)

(rr)	
(ss)	Ebibulungulo eby’obutonde																	(Natural satellites)

(tt)	
(uu)	Ebibulungulo ebitondekewo																	(Artificial satellites )

(vv)	
(ww)	*Ebyebulungulo																									(Electrical or magnetic fields)

(xx)	
(yy)	Ebyebulungulo by’amasannyalaze													(Electrical Fields)

(zz)	
(aaa)	Ebyebulungulo by’ensikirizo																Gravitational Field

(bbb)	
(ccc)	Ebyebulungulo bya Magineeti															(Magnetic Fields)

(ddd)	
(eee)	Ekisannyalazo ky’Amasannyalaze												(Electrical Charge)

(fff)	
(ggg)	Omugendo 																											(Ray)

(hhh)	
(iii)	Ekigendo =ekibalo ky’omugendo								     			(Vector)

(jjj)	
(kkk)	Ekisannyalazo ekya Negatiivu															(Negative Charge)

(lll)	Ekisannyalazo ekya Pozitiivu															(Positive Charge)
The concepts necessary for Luganda discourse on the Green gas effect

IALI NGO has been authorised by Terminologist  to post this article from his Luganda scientific works on Luganda Wikipedia for free public consumption.

The discourse on the Green gas effect  in Luganda 

In order to explain the campaign for environment protection, you need to know the green gas effect. Below are the concepts you need to explain the green gas effect in Luganda:
* Ebbugumu/obwoki/okwokya							(Warmth, heat)
* Olubugumu		(=(oluyengo lw’ebbugumu)			(Radiation)
* Amasoboza ag’ebbugumu								(Heat  energy)
* Amasoboza aga nabbugumya									(Thermal energy)
* Ekiyumba ekigerere										(Greenhouse )
* Ensengekera y’ekitegabbugumu									(Greenhouse system)
* Ggaasi eza kitegabbugumu								Greenhouse gases)
* Obwengula													(Outer space, universe)
* Nampewo														(Atmosphere)
* Bbulangiti ya ggaasi ezitega olubugumu/ebbugumu			(Blanket of greenhouse gases)
* Okuyingiza ebbugumu								(Absorption of heat)
* Okufulumya olubugumu									(Emission of radiation)
* Ebibulungulo									(Satellites)
* Okutema emiti n’ebibira								(Cutting down trees and forests)
* Kaboni afulumizibwa  amakolero									(Industrial carbon emission)
* Kabonibbirokisadi mu nampewo									   (Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere)
* Okwokyerera  kw’enkulungo y’ensi     					 (  Global heating)
* Okubuguumirira kw’enkulungo y’ensi						(Global warming )
* Tempulikya										(Temperature)
* Tempulikya ez’ekigero						(Average temperatures)
* Okulinnya kwa tempumpulikya							(Increase in temperature)
* Safeesi y’ensi										(Earth’s surface)
* Ekitondeko kya kitegabbugumu				(Green Gas effect)
Oluyengo lw’ebbugumu(olubugumu)					 		(Radiation)
Olubugumu olwa nabbugumya						(Thermal radiation)
Okumerenguka kw’omuzira								(Melting of ice)
Amazzi okufuuka ag’ekkekwa			(Shortage of flesh water)
Olububi lwa  Wozoni 										(Ozone layer)
Amayengo agali emabega wa kkala emmyufu						(Infrared waves)
Migendo																(Rays)
Mayengo												(Waves)
Amayengo ga u-vi										(Ultra-violet waves)
Omugaso gwa ekitegabbugumu			)Importance of green gas effect)
Nakivundisa 	biramu												(Organic decay)
Nayitolaasi-okisayidi								(Nitrous oxide )
Metani												(Methane )
The concepts necessary for Luganda scientific discourse on motion

IALI NGO has been authorized  by terminologist Charles Muwanga to post this article from his Luganda scientific works on Luganda Wikipedia  for free public consumption.

 The discourse on Motion in Luganda 

The concepts we need to explain the motion of things in Luganda language include:

•Okuva								(Motion)

•	Omugendo 						(Continuous motion)

•	Omugendo gw’amasanyalaze					(Current, movement of electrons)

•	Omugendo gw’amasoboza							(Movement of energy)

•	Omugendo gw’ekitangaala						(Light ray)

•	Ekisaganda ky’ekitangaala							(Beam of Light)

•	Emisinde																			(Speed)

•	Emisinde gy’ekitangaala								(Speed of light)

•	Eng’enda 																		(Velocity)

•	Okutebentesa/okutebenta							(To accelerate )
•	Entebenta																		(Acceleration)
•	Entelontoka																(Momentum)
•	Okutolontoka															(To increase momentum)

•	Amateeka ga Netoni ag’okuva				(Newton’s laws of motion)

•	Ekikolwa n’okuva mu mbeera					(Action and reaction)

•	
Amateeka ga Netoni ag’Okuva (Newton’s laws of Motion	)								
•	Ekitambuzo																	(mechanics	)

N
The concepts necessary for Luganda discourse on Newton's Laws of Motion

IALI NGO was authorised by Terminologist Charles Muwanga topost this article from his Luganda scientific works on Luganda wikipedia for public consumption.

Amateeka ga Netoni ag’Okuva
         (Newton’s laws of Motion)

In scientific Luganda, a scientific law is called etteeka lya sayansi or ennono ya sayansi. To apply a scientific law is what we call okunonooza and the entire process is called “ekinonoozo” which is “engineering”. The specialist who applies the laws of science to build systems or machines is called “omunonooza”, an engineer. Unlike ekigereeso kya sayansi, ennono ya sayansi is confirmed beyond reasonable doubt that it is valid in all situation and everywhere.

Therefore ennono za Sayansi ez’Okuva or we can say amateeka ga sayansi ag’okuva have been tested and confirmed beyond reasonable doubt that they are the basis of motion in all circumstances and everywhere.

The necessary concepts are :

•	Ekiwummulo																					(State of rest)

•	Ekikolwa n’okuva mu mbeera					(Action and reaction)

•	Ekikolwa																								(The act)

•	Ensindikano																					(Reaction)

•	 Okuva mu mbeera																(Reaction)

 Etteeka ly'Okuva erisooka
      (The First Law of Motion in Luganda)

“Enzitoya bw’eba mu kiwummulo esigala mu kiwummulo oba bw’eba mu mugendo etambulira mu ng’enda ey’entakyuka okutuusa nga eteekeddwako empalirizo envannyuma".

"If a body is at rest it remains at rest or if it is in motion it moves with uniform velocity until it is acted on by a resultant force".Weetegereze:

•	Enzitoya																				(body, mass)
•	Ekiwummulo 																(state of rest)

•	Okusigala mu kiwummulo							(to remain at rest)

•	Omugendo 																	(continuous motion)

•	Eng’enda 																			(velocity)

•	Entakyuka 																		(constant)

•	Eng’enda ey’entakyuka         						(constant velocity)

•	Empalirizo																		force

Etteeka ly'Okuva ery'Okubiri 
             (Second Law of Motion)

“Empalirizo yenkanankana enzitoya nga okubisizzaamu entebenta”.

 Kino kivvuunulwa nti: “
                       Force is equal to mass times acceleration”

Weetegereze:

•	Empalirizo		(force)

•	Enzitoya  			(mass)

•	Entebenta			(acceleration)

Etteeka ly'Okuva ery'Okusatu
         (the Third Law of Motion):

Newton’s third law of motion in Luganda states that: 

“Buli kikolwa kiviirako okuva mu mbeera (ensindikano) okukyenkanankana nga kukyolekezza obwanga"
   (For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction).

Weetegereze :

Ekikolwa 								(action)

•	Okuva mu mbeera								(reaction)

•	Ensindikano 												(reaction)

•	Ekikontana  ekya, owa        		(opposite of)

Note: “okuva mu mbeera” (to react) could also mean “to become emotional”, depending on the contest in which it used. In this case it refers to “ensindikano” (opposite push). Ensindikano is reaction (okuva mu mbeera) but “ensindikirizo” is “magnetic repulsion”.
The concepts necessary for Luganda discourse on Energy

IALI NGO has been authorised by terminologist Charles Muwanga to post this article from his Luganda scientific works on Luganda Wikipedia for free public consumption.

The Discourse on Work, Energy, and Power in Luganda 

These are some of the concepts you need to explain the themes of work, energy, and power in Luganda:

(a)Omulimu								(Work)

(b)Embavu								(effort,strength)

(c)Amaanyi									(Power )

(d)	Amaanyi Ag’amasannyalaze						(Electricity Power )

(e)	Amasoboza g’amasannyalaze					(Electrical Energy)

(f)Amasoboza									(Energy)

(g)	Amasoboza Agali  Mu Kuva 							(Kinetic Energy)	

(h)	Amasoboza Amatereke 									(Potential Energy).

(i)	Amasoboza Ag’ekitambuzo							(Mechanical Energy)

(j)	Amasoboza Eg’ebbugumu								(Heat Energy)

(k)	Amasoboza Aga  Nabbugumya					(Thermal Energy)

(l)	Amasoboza  Ag’ekitangaala							(Light Energy)

(m)	Amasoboza  Ag’nkyusatomu(atomic energy)

(n)	Amasoboza ag’enkyusabuziba								(chemical energy)

(o)	Amasoboza  Ag'obuziizi						(Nuclear Energy)

(p)	Amasoboza  Ag’amasannyalaze				(Electrical Energy)

(q)	Amasoboza  Ag’essikirizo									(Gravitational Energy)

(r)	Amasoboza  Ag’ebivuga									(Sound Energy)

(s)	Amasoboza  Aga Magineeti							(Magnetic Energy)

(t)	Enkyusa Y’amasoboza										(Energy Conversion)

(u)	Ensibuko Z’amasoboza										(Energy Sources)

(v)	Enzitoya  z’ebiramu									(Biomass)

(w)	Obusa bw’ensolo										(Dung from animals)

(x)	Amasobozaeg’emifumbi									(Animate energy)

(y)	Olubugumu lw’enjuba								(Solar radiation)

(z)	Amasoboza ag’embuyaga								(Wind energy)

(aa)	Amafuta aga nakavundira			 					(Fossil fuel)

(bb)	Nabbugumya ava mu ttaka							(Geothermal)
More concepts necessary for Luganda discourse on the forces of Nature

IALI NGO has been authorised by terminologist Charles Muwanga to post articles from his Luganda scientific works on Luganda wikipedia for free public consumption.

Weetegerezeemiramwa gino:

•	Empalirizo z’obutonde	)										(Forces of nature

•	Essikrizo														   					(Planetary or solar gravity 	,gravity)

•	Ensikirizo															  				(Magnetic attraction)

•	Olusikiso																				(A Pulley ,simple machine).

•	Ensindikirizo					(Repulsion)

•	Okusikiriza					(To Pull by gravity or magnetic attraction)

•	Okusindikanya																(To react)

•Ensindikano																		(Reaction.See also “okuva mu mbeera”)

•	Empalirizo ey’essikrizo 										Gravitational force

•	Empalirizo eya Magineeti									(Magnetic force)

•	Empalirizo esikira mu makkati						(Centripetal force)

•	Empalirizo eyewaggula ku makkati			(Centrifugal force)

•	Empalirizo eviira amakkati 								(Centripetal force)

•	Empalirizo ey’essikirizo								(Gravitational force)

•	 Empalirizo eya magineeti								(Magnetic force)

•	Essikirizo ly’enjuba													(Solar gravity)

•	Essikirizo ly’ensi															(Earth’s gravity)

•	Essikirizo ly’enkulungo											(Planetary gravity)

•	Essikirizo ly’omwezi													(Lunar gravity)
The concepts necessary for Luganda discourse on instincts(Engerekera)

IALI NGO has been authorised by terminologist Charles muwanga to post this article from his Luganda scientific works to Luganda Wikipedia for free public consumption.

2.The discourse on Instincts in Luganda 
You can’t understand animal behaviour  if you don’t have the concept of  “instincts” in your vernacular. These are some of the The following are some of the key concepts you need to explain instincts in luganda :

•	Engerekera 																									(instincts)

•	Ebikolwa ebigerekere																		(instinctive acts)

•	Enneeyisa engerekere																		(instinctive behavior)

•	Engerekera y’okwelwanako							(the instict of self-dedfence )

•	Enegerekera y’okulumwa enjala								(the instict of hunger)

•	Engerekera y’okuva mu mbeera								(the instinct of emotion)

•	Engerekera y’okwagala okwegadanga					(the instinct of sex)

•	Engerekera y’okulowooza								(the instinct of thinking)

•	Engerekera y’okumanya okw’embagirawo	 	(the instinct of intuition)

•	Okumanya okw’embagirawo							(intuition)

•	Okutegeera okw’embagirawo                 				  ( intuition)
The concepts necessary for Luganda discourse on the body senses(enketteso z'omubiri)

IALI  NGO has been authorised by terminologist Charles Muwanga to post this article from his Luganda scientific writings on Luganda wikipedia for free public consumption.

The discourse on the Body senses in Luganda

Can you  explain in  your  mother tongue why you can see, hear, feel pain, hot, coldness? These are the concepts you need to know in your vernacular:

•	enketteso						(senses)

•	Enketteso z'omubiri (the body senses)

        Enketteso ey’okuwulira		(the sense of hearing)		
											

•	Enketteso  ey’okulaba				       (the sense	 of seeing)

•															“
•	Enketteso  ey’okuwunyiriza				(sense of smelling)

•	Enketteso oy’okusenserwa 				(sense of feeling /touching)

•											“
•	Enketteso  z’omubiri ettaano  			(the five body senses senses)
•											“
•	Okesegeera    	   (to percieve, to detect (with the senses)

•	Okutegeera 					(to understand )

•	Okusenserwa				(to feel (pain/pleasure)

•	Okusegeera okw'enketteso	( sense perception)
•														“
•	Ebirowoozo ebisegeere (n'enketteso z'omubiri)			(concrete ideas)

•	Ebirowoozo ebigereese						    	(abstract ideas)

•	Okugereesa                                  				(to abstract/ to theorize)
Okuva ku Mwenge

Okuva ku omwenge kabonero akaggyawo ng’omuntu akendeeza ku mwenge gw'abadde anywa okumala ebbanga eddene ng’agukozesa. Obumu ku bubonero bw'omuntu akozesa omwenge kuliko nga okukankana, okusesema, okutuuyana, omutima okukubira okumukumu n'ebirala. Obubonero buno butandika okweyoleka okuva essaawa mukaaga nga omuntu anywedde omwenge era ne bumala wakati w'essaawa 24 ku 72.

Omuntu okuva ku mwenge kiyinza okuba ekigenderere oba ekitali kigenderere. Ekimu ku biyinza okuviirako omuntu okuva ku mwenge kye kitundu ky'obwongo ekya "GABA receptors" okukendeeza ku ngeri gye kikolamu emirimu gyakyo.

Obujjanjabi obuweebwa omuntu avudde ku mwenge buyitibwa "Benzodiazepines". Obujjanjabi obulala businziira ku bubonero obulala omuntu bw'alina. Omuntu avudde ku mwenge alina okufuna eddagala lya "Thiamine" buli lunaku wamu n'okukendeeza ku sukaali gw'anywa.
Mu nsi ezaakula edda, abantu ebitundu 15% banywa omwenge era nga ku bano ebitundu bina biva ku mwenge. Abantu ebitundu 15% bafa olw'ebirwadde ebibakwata oluvannyuma nga bavudde ku mwenge.
Kookolo w’Emimiro

Kansa w'emimiro ye Kookolo (kansa) akwata omumiro omuntu mw'ayisa emmere. Obumu ku bubonero bw'obulwadde buno kuliko omuntu okufuna obuzibu mu kumira, okukogga, okukolola ekifuba ekikalu, okukololakolola olutatadde n'okusesema.

Ebimu ku bika bya kookolo ono ebikulu kuliko, *Squamous-cell-carcinoma* era nga buno businga kulabibwa nnyo mu nsi ezikyakula. Waliwo ne  *Adenorcinoma* nga buno bwo businga kulabibwa mu nsi ezaakula edda. Ebimu Ku biviirako *Squamous -cell- cancer* kuliko okunywa sigala, omwenge, okunywa ennyo ebintu ebyokya n'endya embi. Ekiviirako kookolo ow'ekika kya *Adenocarcinome* kuliko ebintu nga okunywa sigala, omugejjo n'ebirala.

Obulwadde buno busobola okwewalibwa ng'abantu bakendeeza ku kunywa sigala, okulya ebyokya wamu n'endya ennungi. Obujjanjabi obuweebwa omuntu businziira ku ddaala kookolo oyo kw'ali, ekifo ky'azuuliddwamu n'embeera omuntu gy'alimu. Kookolo ow'ekika kya *Squamous-cell-cancer* bw'abeera nga tannakula, omuntu ayinza okulongoosebwa. wabula singa omuntu abeera tali mu mbeera nnungi emusobozesa kulongoosebwa, ateekebwa ku bujjanjabi obw'enjawulo obw'omulembe.

Mu 2012, kyazuulibwa nti Kansa w'emimiro ali mu kifo kya munaana mu nsi yonna mu kukwata abantu era nga buli mwaka akwata abantu 456,000. Mu mwaka gwe gumu ogwo, obulwadde buno bwaviirako abantu 400,000 okufa okuva ku bantu 345,000 abaafa mu 1990. Obulwadde buno businga nnyo mu basajja era nga bukubisaamu emirundi esatu ku obwo obuli mu bakazi.
Obulwadde bw'Obutalaba biri wala

Obutalaba biri wala y'embeera ekitangaala we kikubira kungulu ku liiso, n'ekirema kuyingira munda nga bwe kyandibadde.
Era kino kiviirako omuntu okutandika okuba nga tasobola kulaba biri wala kyokka ng'ebimuli okumpi abiraba bulungi. Mu bubonero obulala kuliko okulumwa omutwe, ssaako okukaluubirizibwa ng'otunula. Obulwadde buno singa busajjuka, omulwadde yandifa akatundu k'eriiso akakuŋŋaanya ekitangaala, okufuna obulwadde bw'ekiyira (cataract) ssaako obwa glaucama.

Ebireeta endwadde eno kirowoozebwa nti kuliko ensonga y'obuzaale wamu n'ebyo ebitwetoolodde, nga mwe muli omuntu okukola omulimu ogumwetaagisa okutunuulira ekintu nga kisemberedde nnyo amaaso, omuntu okumala ekiseera ekiwanvu ng'ali mu kizimbe munda, ssaako okuba nga mu booluganda lwe waliwo omu gwe bwali bukutte.

Okukebera endwadde eno, bakozesa kye bayita ekigezo ky'amaaso, okuzuula ob'asobola okulaba ebiri okumpi era n'ebiri ewala.
Waliwo omukisa gw'abaana abato okuwona endwadde eno ey'obutalaba biri wala, nga mwe muli okutandika okubeeranga wabweru w'enju era nga bafuna ekitangaala ky'obutonde. Oba obulwadde buno buyinza okuggyibwawo ng'omulwadde akozesa gaalubindi, oba okulongoosa amaaso ago.
Obulwadde buno bwe businga okukwata amaaso mu nsi yonna, nga bukwata abantu abawererako ddala, naye ng'omuwendo gw'abalwadde gugenze gweyongera okuva eyo mu myaka egy'ataano (1950), era bwe bumu ku nsibuko y'obuzibe bw'amaaso mu bantu.
Olunekkati (radius)

Olunakkati(Radius)) . 

Olunakkati kiva mu bigambo by’Oluganda  “olukoloboze olusala mu “lusekkati”  ebitundu bibiri”. Mu luganda amannya agatandika ne “n” galaga “kitundu” ate agatandika ne “s” galaga “kiramba”. 

Yadde nga omusajja yenkanankana n’omukyala ng’abantu, omukyala yatwalibwanga okuba ekitundu ky’omusajja. Mu ngeri ye’emu olunakkati=olukoloboze olw’amakkati g’olusekkati, lutwalibwa okuba ekitundu ky’olusekkati(Diamater).
Olusekkati (Diameter)

Olusekkati(Diameter)

Olusekkati (D)= Olukoloboze olusala mu makkati g’entoloovu. 

Olusekkati lukubisaamu “olunakkati” (Radius) emirundi ebiri.
Okukomola Abakyala

__FORCETOC__

Okukomola abakyala nsonga emaze ebbanga ng'eyogerwako naddala mu mawanga ga Afrika.  Ekitongole ky'Ebyobulamu mu nsi yonna(WHO), kinnyonnyola okukomola abakyala nga emitendera gy'okuggya ebimu ku bitundu mu butonde bw'omukyala nga kikolebwa awatali nsonga yonna yeekuusa ku bya kisawo. Okukomolebwa kw'abakyala kikolebwa nga eky'obuwangwa mu nsi (27) naddala mu bitundu bya Afrika eby'omu masekkati, mu bitundu bya Afrika eby'obuvanjuba, mu mawanga agamu mu ku lukalu lwa Asia, mu mawanga g'Abawarabu, ate era ne mu mawanga agasengukira mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo. 

### Emyaka abakyala kwe bakomoloerwa

Emyaka abakyala kwe babakomoloera gyawukana okusinziira ku mawanga ag'enjawulo. Ebbanga lino libalibwa okuva mu kiseera ng'omuwala yaakazaalibwa okutuuka awo mu kiseera w'addiza omukono emabega. Mu mawanga agamu agalaga emiwendo n'ebikolebwa ku kukomola abakyala, balaga nti abawala abasinga bakomolebwa nga tebannaweza myaka etaanu. 

### Engeri gye bakomola

Enkola eno ezingiramu emitendera egisukka mu gumu era nga gino gikolebwa okusinziira ku ggwanga. Okusala kuno kuzingiramu okusala omusino gwonna oba ekitundu kyagwo. Mu mutendera ekitongole kya WHO gwe kyogerako ng'Okukomolebwa okw'ekiti ekyokusatu, omukyala alekebwawo omwagaanya (akawaatwa) katono ddala okusobola okuyitamu omusulo n'omusaayi singa omukyala abeera agenze mu nsonga era n'obukyala bulekebwawo lwa kwegatta na kuzaala. Kino kiyinza okuviirako omukazi obutafuna lubuto, okulumwa ng'azaala n'okuvaamu omusaayi omungi.

Ekikolwa kino kisinga kukolebwa ku bakyala abakitwala nga eky'omuwendo n'abo abalaba nga nti singa babeera tebakomoddwa abaana baabwe n'abazukulu baba bagya kusosolebwa.

Okukomolebwa kw'abakyala tekuli mu mateeka era kwawerebwa mu nsi ezisinga lwakuba amateeka agateekebwa mu nsi tegateekebwa mu nkola.
Wabaddewo kaweefube okwetoloora ensi yonna okuva mu 1970 okusobola okusikiriza abantu okukomya ekikolwa kino. Mu 2012, Ekibiina ekigatta Amawanga gonna mu nsi, kyalangirira ekikolwa kino nga okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu.
Omutima

Omutima kitundu kya mubiri ekisangibwa mu bantu ne mu bisolo. Ekitundu ekyo kye kivunaanyizibwa ku kutambuza omusaayi. Omusaayi guyamba omubiri okufuna omukka gwa "Oxygen" wamu n'okufulumya obukyafu mu mubiri.

Mu bantu, mu bisolo ne mu binyonyi, omutima gugambibwa nti gulimu ebiwayi bina: ekitundu eky’oku kkono (upper left), eky’oku ddyo (right atria) n’ekitundu eky’oku kkono ekiyitibwa ‘’lower left ne right ventricle". Wabula ate okwawukanako, ebyenyanja byo emitima gyabyo gyawulwamu ebiwayi bibiri ate byo ebisolo ebirina ebigirigimba emitima gyabyo gyawulwamu ebiwayi bisatu. Omutima guterekebwa mu kantu akalinga akasawo akayitibwa "picardium" era omutima gukolebwa ensusu satu "Epicardium", "myocardium" ne "Endocardium".

Omusaayi ogulimu "oxygen " guba mu guyingira mu mu kitundu ky’omutima ekya ddyo ate ne guyitira mu kitundu ekya ddyo (right ventricle) .Bwe guva wano gusindikibwa mu mu misiwa ne gugenda mu mawuggwe gye guggya omukka gwe tussa. Omusaayi ogufunye Oxygen guyita ate mu kitundu ky’omutima ekirala olwo omutima ne gugusindika n’amaanyi okutambula mu bitundu by’omubiri ebirala. 

Emabegako eri, Obulwadde bw’okulemererwa kw’omutima obuyitibwa, *Cardiovascular* bwe bwali businga okutta abantu mu nsi yonna.  Mu 2008, abantu 30% be baafa. Ebimu Ku biviirako akatyabaga kano mulimu nga okunywa sigala, Obutakola dduyiro, omugejjo, sukaali, entunnunsi n'ebirala. Obulwadde bw'omutima buaovola okujjanjabwa.
Okuvaamu olubito

Okuvaamu olubuto kwe kufa kw'omwana abeera akyali mu lubuto ng'akyakula era nga tannakula kutuuka kuzaalibwa. Obumu ku bu bubonera obutera okweyolekera mu kuvaamu kw'olubuto  kuliko, okuvaamu ennyo omusaayi(nga guyita mu bitundu by'ekyama) era nga kino kitera okujjirako n'obulumi. Mu birala kuliko okuvaamu ebintu ebiringa ebitole by'omusaayi n'ebirala.

Ebimu ku biyinza okuleetawo okuvaamu kw'olubuto kuliko ebintu ng'abazadde bombi bakadde, oba ng'omu mukadde, era kyandireetebwa embuto endala eziba zaavaamu edda, okunywa sigala oba okusemberera abamunywa. Mu birala mulimu omugejjo, endwadde ya ssukaali, ssaako ebiragalalagala oba okukozesa ennyo omwenge n'ebiringa ebyo.

Buli mukazi lw'agenda ng'akula okuva ku mwaka ng'asatu(30) emikisa gye okuvaamu embuto nagyo gyeyongera. Embuto ezivaamu kinaana ku buli kikumi(80%) zisinga kuviramu ku bbanga lya wiiki kkumi na bbiri ezisooka, oluvannyuma lw'okufuna olubuto.
Obwetoloovu (Circumference)

Obwetoloovu(Circumference) okusinziira ku Charles Muwanga .

Obuwanvu okwetoloola enkula ennetoloovu=entoloovu(circle) ky’ekiyitibwa Obwetoloovu. Weetegereze nti 
mu essomampimo, obuwanvu(length) okwebulungula enkula etali nnetoloovu(non-circular shape) buyitibwa "obwebulungirivu"(Perimeter).

Okwebulungula ekintu si kye kimu n’okukyetoloola. Okukyetoloola kitegeeza nti  akatonnyeze kaakyo ak’amakkati(midpoint) oketoloolodde mu ndabika ey'enkula ennetoloovu=entoloovu(circle). Kyokka Okukyebulungula kitegeeza nti tokoze ndabika ya nkula ennetoloovu.