Ismail Haniyeh, omuwandiisi

**Ismail Haniyeh** (soma Haniya) (1962/1963 – 31 July 2024) yali munnabyabufuzi mu Palestina nga ye yali omukulembeze wa Hamas, mu kiwayi eky'ebyobufuzi. Hamas kibiina kyabyabufuzi  ekifuga mu luwannanda olwe Gaza(ekimu ku bitundu ebikola Palesitayini) okuva mu 2007.  Okuva mu mwaka 2017 okutuuka lwe yattibwa mu 2024, yasinga kuwangalira nnyo mu ggwanga Qatar gyeyali yabuddamira oluvanyuma lw'ebbanga nga ayigibwa gavumenti ya Yisirayiri 

Haniyeh yazaalibwa mu nkambi y'ababundabunda eya al-Shati mu kitundu luwannanda lwe Gaza era nga mu biseera weyazaalibwa awasangibwa enkambi eno waali wafugibwa eggwanga lya Misiri mu mwaka 1962 oba 1963 Haniya mwasubirwa okuba nga yazaalibwa.     Bazadde be baali banoonyi ba bubudamu abaasindiikirizibwa okuva mu kitundu kye Ashkelon mu lutalo lwa Palestina mu 1948 . Haniya yasoma era n'afuna diguli ey'Oluwarabu mu 1987 okuva mu Islamic University of Gaza   era nga eno gyeyasookera  okwenyigira mu bikolwa bya Hamas oluvannyuma lw'obwegugungo bw'Abapalesitiina obwasooka obwamanyibwa ennyo nga Intifada . Mu bwegungungo buno Aba Palesitiina baali bawakanya ekyabannansi ba Yisirayiri okuwamba awamu n'okwesenza ku ttaka lyabwe. Okweguguunga kuno kwaviirako Haniya (kati omugenzi) okusibwa enfunda eziwerera ddala satu yadde nga mu kkomera teyabandaalangayo. Oluvannyuma lw’okuyimbulwa mu nkomyo mu mwaka 1992 Ismael Haniyeh yakakibwa okuwangangukira mu nsi ya  Lebanon wabula oluvanyuma l'omwaka gumu ono yakomawo mu luwannanda lwe Gaza okukulira erimu ku mabanguliro gabayizi ku Islamic university of Gaza. Mu mwaka 1997 Haniyeh yalondebwa okukulira ofiisi ya Hamas era okuva awo teyadda mabega era nagenda nga alinnya amadaala mu Hamas

Haniya yali omu kwabo abavuganya mu okulonda kw’ababaka ba Palamenti okwa 2006, ku kaada ya Hamas era nga mu kalulu ako emiramwa gya Hamas emikulu kweyakolera kampeyini kwaliko okukozesa eryanyi ly'emmundu   okwetakkuluzaako Yisirayiri. Okulonda kuno Hamas yakuwangula era bwe kityo Haniya nafuukaSsaabaminisita w’eggwanga lya Palestina . Wabula oluvanyuma lwakwabanga katono  Mahmoud Abbas, Pulezidenti wa Palestina, yagoba Haniyeh mu ofiisi nga 14 06 2007. Abbas yagoba Haniya Olw’obukuubagano obwali bugenda mu maaso mu kiseera ekyo wakati wekibiina kyebyobufuzi ekya Fatah (kino kye kya Abbas) ne Hamas (ekya Haniya). Haniya teyagondera kiragiro kya Abbas era n’asigala ng’akozesa obuyinza bwa ssaabaminisita mu luwannanda olwe Gaza .  Haniya era ye yali pmukulembeze wa Hamas mu luwannanda olwe Gaza okuva mu 2006 okutuuka mu gwokubiri gwa 2017, lwe yasikizibwa Yahya Sinwar . Haniya okutwaliza awamu yatwalibwanga okuba muzzanganda era omukulembeze atali nnalukalala nyo bwomugerageeranya ne banne abalala mu Hamas. 

Nga Maayi wa 2017, Haniyeh yalondebwa ku bukulembeze bwekiwayi kya Hamas eky'ebyobufuzi era wano yadda mu mu bigere bya Khaled Mashal ; mu kiseera ekyo, Haniyeh yasenguka nava mu luwannanda olwe Gaza nadda mu ggwanga lya Qatar.  kinajjukirwa nti mu kiseera kye nga omukulembeze wa Hamas ow'ekiwayi ekyebyobufuzi, Hamas yakola obulumbaganyi bwa Okitoba 7 2023 ku Yisirayiri era obulumbaganyi buno Haniya yabujaguza nyo ngasinziira mu kibuga Doha.  Oluvannyuma lw’obulumbaganyi bwa Hamas buno, Yisirayiri yalangirira yali yakuyigga era etemule abakulembeze ba Hamas bonna.  Mu May 2024, Karim Khan, omuwaabi wa kkooti y’ensi yonna ewozesa ba kalintalo , yalangirira ekigendererwa kye eky’okusaba okuyisa ekibaluwa ki bakuntumye ku Haniyeh, n’abakulembeze ba Hamas abalala, olw’ebikolobero muntalo n’emisango emirala egyekuusa ku kutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu, ng’omu ku kaweefube wa kooti eno ku kunoonyereza mu Palestine .    Nga 31 ogwomusanvu 2024, Haniyeh yatemulwa, nga kigambibwa nti yatemulwa Yisirayiri, mu maka agamu mu kibuga Tehran bwe yali agenze e Iran mu mikolo gyokulayizapulezidenti waayo eyali yakalondebwa .  

## Emisomo gye n'obuto bwe
Ismail Abdulsalam Ahmed Haniyeh yazaalibwa mu maka g’Abasiraamu Abapalestina mu nkambi y’ababundabunda eya al-Shati mu luwananda lwe Gaza 

ebiseera ebyo olwali lufugwa Misiri .  Bazadde be baali banoonyi babudamuabaagobwa  mu Askeloni mu lutalo lw’e Palestina olwaliwo mu 1948, Askeloni kyali kitundu kw'ebyo ebifo Yisirayiri byeyali yeddiza oluvanyuma lwokutondebwawo.  Mu buvubuka bwe, yakolera mu Isiraeri okusobola okulabirira ab’omu maka ge.  Yasomera mu masomero agaddukanyizibwa ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte era n’atikkirwa diguli mu misomo egyekuusa ku lulimi oluwarabu mu 1987.   Yayingira mu kibiina kya Hamas ng’ali ku yunivasite.  Okuva mu 1985 okutuuka mu 1986, yali akulira olukiiko lw’abayizi olwali lukiikiridde ekibiina kya Muslim Brotherhood .  Yazannyirako ng’omuwuwuttanyi mu ttiimu y’omupiira ey’ekibiina ky’Obusiraamu.  Yatikkirwa mu kiseera nga Obwegugungo bwa Abapalesitiina obwasooka okulwanyisa okuwambibwa kwa Yisirayiri bubaluseewo era nabwetabamu butereevu. 

## Atandika ddi okwenyigira mu kaweefube w'Abapalesitiina
Haniya yeetaba mu bwegugungo bwa Abapalesitiina obwasooka era nakwatibwa bwatyo kkooti y’amagye ga Yisirayiri nemusalira ekibonerezo eky’okusibwa wadde nga kino tekyali kiwanvu nyo.  Yaddamu okusibibwa Yisirayiri mu 1988 okumala emyezi mukaaga.  era ne mu mwaka 1989, yasibwa emyaka esatu. 

Oluvannyuma lw’okuyimbulwa mu 1992, abakulu b’amagye ga Yisirayiri mu bitundu bya Palestina ebyali bimaamiddwa Yisirayiri baamuwangangusa e Lebanon ngali wamu n’abakulembeze ba Hamas ab’oku ntikko Abdel-Aziz al-Rantissi, Mahmoud Zahhar, Aziz Duwaik, n’abavubuka abalala 400.  Bannakisinde bano baamala omwaka mulamba n’okusoba mu Marj al-Zahour mu bukiika ddyo bwa (amasereengeta)  Lebanon, okusinziira ku mukutu gwamawulire ogwa BBC , Hamas “yafuna okumanyisibwa mu mawulire okutabangawo era n’emanyibwa mu nsi yonna”.  Nga wayise omwaka gumu, yaddayo e Gaza n’alondebwa okukulira erimu ku mabanguliro ku Islamic University of Gaza. 

## Omukululo gwe mu byobufuzi
Oluvannyuma lwa Yisirayiri okuyimbula Ahmed Yassin mu kkomera mu 1997, Haniyeh yalondebwa okukulira ofiisi ye.  Obututumufu bwe mu Hamas bwakula olw’enkolagana ye ne Yassin era n’alondebwa ng’omukiise eri gavumenti efuga  Palesitina.  Amanyi ge mu Hamas geeyongera mu kiseera Kyobweguguungo bw'Abapalesitiina obw’okubiri olw’enkolagana ye ne Yassin, n’olw’okuba nga abakulembeze ba Hamas banji baali batemuddwa ab’ebyokwerinda ba Yisirayiri . Haniya yatandika okulondoolwa era n'okuyigibwa amagye ga Yisirayiri olw’ebigambibwa nti yeenyigira mu bulumbaganyi ku bannansi ba Yisirayiri. Oluvannyuma lw’abalumira mwoyo okwetulisizako bbomu mu Yerusaalemi mu 2003, yafuna ebisago ebitonotono ku mukono gwe olw’obulumbaganyi bwa bbomu obwakolwa  Eggye lya Yisirayiri ery'omubbanga bwelyali ligezaako okusaanyawo abakulembeze ba Hamas. Mu December wa 2005, Haniya yakulemberamu   ekibiina kya Hamas mu kalulu akaliwo era Hamas nekawuuta buva.  Haniya era oluvanyuma yasikira Khaled Mashaal 's okukulembera obukulembeze bwa Hamas mu kulonda okwaliwo mu 2016. 

### Ssaabaminisita

Haniyeh yasunsulwa ku bwa ssaabaminisita nga 16 Ogw'okubir 2006 oluvannyuma lw'obuwanguzi bwa Hamas mu "List of Change and Reform" nga 25 January 2006. Yayanjulwa mu butongole eri pulezidenti Mahmoud Abbas nga 20 Ogwokubiri era n’alayizibwa nga 29 Ogw'okusatu 2006.

#### Yisirayiri nebanywanyi baayo bazaako ki?
Yisirayiri yassa mu nkola ebibonerezo ebiwerako omuli n’okussa envumbo ku by’enfuna bya Gavumenti ya Palestina oluvannyuma lw’okulonda. eyali akola nga Ssaabaminisita Ehud Olmert, yalangirira nti Yisirayiri yali tegenda kukwasa Gavumenti ya Palestina ensimbi ezaali eyo mu bukadde bwa ddoola 50 buli mwezi mu lisiiti z’omusolo ezasoloozebwa Yisirayiri ku lwa Palestina. Haniya  envumbo zino tezamuyigula ttama era n’agamba nti Hamas teyali yakulekera awo kulwana wadde okukkiriza Yisirayiri nga ensi.

Haniya era yalaga obwennyamivu nti Hamas yaweebwa ebibonerezo, n'agattako nti "yo [Israel] yandibadde teyanukula etyo eri okusalawo kwabaPalesitiina kwebakola nga bayita mu kalulu.&#x5B; ** &#x5D;

Amerika yasaba nti ssente obukadde bwa ddoola 50 ez’obuyambi okuva ebweru ezitasaasaanyiziddwa eri Gavumenti ya Palestine ziddizibwe mu Amerika, Minisita w’ebyenfuna mu Palestina , Mazen Sonokrot kye yakkiriza okukola.  Ku kufiirwa obuyambi okuva ebweru okuva mu Amerika n'omukago gwa Bulaaya, Haniya yategeezezza nti: "Amawanga g'abazungu  gaali gakozesa obuyambi bwago okussa akazito ku  ba Palestina." 

oluvanyuma lwemyezi egiwerako nga Hamas ewangudde okulonda mu 2006, Haniya yaweereza ebbaluwa eri Pulezidenti wa Amerika George W. Bush, mwe yasabira "gavumenti ya Amerika okubeera n'enteeseganya obutereevu ne gavumenti eyalondebwa", wasobole okubaawo akalembereza eri Yisirayiri. Haniya era yasaba okutongoza n'okukkiriza eggwanga lya Palestina okusinziira ku nsalo za 1967 era n'asaba okuboola eggwanga lino, ng'agamba nti "kino bwekigenda mumaasa kyongera kuleeta kavuyo nabutali butebenkevu". Gavumenti ya Amerika teyayanukula  era n’esigala ng’egenda mu maaso n’okuboola Palesitiina. 

#### Enkaayana ne Abbas
Endagaano ne Abbas yalina okutuukibwako okulemesa okwagala kwa a Abbas okwokuddamu okulonda okupya. Nga 20 Okitobba 2006, ku lunaku olwakulembera okussa omukono ku ndagaano ey’okumalawo okulwana wakati wa Fatah ne Hamas, oluseregende lw'emotoka za Haniya lwasasirirwa amasasi mu kibuga Gaza era emu ku mmotoka n’eteekeerwa omuliro.  Haniya teyalumiziddwa mu bulumbaganyi buno. Ensonda mu Hamas zaategeezezza nti telwali lukwe luteekeeteeke  kutemula Haniya. Ensonda mu by’okwerinda mu Gavumemti ya Palesitiina zaategeezezza nti abalumbaganyi bano baaluganda lw’omusajja wa Fatah eyattibwa mu kulwanagana ne Hamas. 

#### Agaanibwa okuddamu okuyingira Gaza
Mu bukuubagano wakati wa Fatah ne Hamas , nga 14 ogw'ekumi n'ebiri 2006, Haniya yagaanibwa okuyingira Gaza okuva e Misiri ku nsalo ya Rafah . Ensalo eno yaggalwa ku biragiro bya minisita wa Yisirayiri ow'ebyokwerinda, Amir Peretz . Haniya yali akomawo e Gaza okuva ku lugendo lwe olutongole olusooka ebweru w’eggwanga nga ssaabaminisita. Haniya yalina n’ensimbi enkalu ezaali zibalirirwamu obukadde bwa doola za Amerika 30, eza gavumenti ya Palesitiina Oluvannyuma ab’obuyinza mu Yisirayiri baategeezezza nti baali bakukkiriza Haniya okusala ensalo adde e Gaza kavuna aleka omusimbi guno e Misiri, oluvanyuma guteekebwe ku akawunti  y’ekibiina kya Arab League . Olutalo lw’emmundu wakati w’abalwanyi ba Hamas n’abakuumi ba Pulezidenti wa Palestina lwabalukawo ku nsalo ya Rafah oluvanyuma lw'obukuubagano buno. Oluvanyuma kyategeerekeka nti abakozi b'omukago gwa Bulaaya gu  EU abaali baddukanya emirimu ku nsalo bataasibwa.  Oluvannyuma Haniyeh bwe yagezezzaako okusala ensalo, okuwanyisiganya amasasi okwaliwo kwavaako omukuumi omu okufa ate ye mutabani wa Haniyeh omukulu n’afuna ebisago. Hamas yavumirira obukubaagano buno era n'ekissa ku  Fatah nti yali ejjiridde bulamu bwa Haniya ekyavaako amasasi okwesooza mu West Bank ne mu luwannanda olwe Gaza wakati w’amagye ga Hamas n’aga Fatah. Haniya yavaayo nategeeza nti amanyi abawoma omutwe mu kikolwa kino, kyokka n’agaana okubasanguza era n’alaajanira  abaPalestina ekusigala obumu. Misiri yawaayo okutabaganya enjuyi zombi. 

#### Gavumenti mugatta eya Palestina : Gwakusatu 2007

Haniyeh yalekulira nga 15 Ogwokubiri 2007 ng’ekimu ku kaweefube wenteekateeka z’okukola gavumenti mugatta wakati wa Hamas ne Fatah.  Yakola gavumenti empya nga 18Ogwokusatu 2007 ng’akulira kabineti empya eyalimu Fatah nga kw’otadde ne bannabyabufuzi ba Hamas. 

Nga 14 Ogw'omukaaga 2007, wakati mu lutalo lw'e Gaza, Pulezidenti Mahmoud Abbas yalangirira okusatululwa kwa gavumenti ey'obumu mu March 2007 n'okulangirira ekiseera ekyakazigizigi .   Haniya yagobwa era Abbas nayisa ekiragiro nga yezza obuyinza okufuga oluwannanda lwe Gaza ne West Bank. 

### Ebyaddirira Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo lw’e Gaza
Nga mu mwaka gwa 2016, Haniya yasenguka okuva e Gaza n’agenda e Qatar .era naggulawo office mu kibuga Doha . 

Nga 13 October 2016, akakiiko k’ebyamateeka ak’olukiiko olufuzi olwa Palestina (PLC) kaawagira okusaba okwokudda kwa gavumenti ya Haniya mu kitundu ky’e Gaza, oluvannyuma lw’okulekulira nga 2 June 2014. Okusalawo kumo kwatuukibwako oluvanyuma lw'okwekenneenya okunoonyereza okwaweebwayo abakiise mu palamenti ya Hamas, nga abayoolesa obutali bumativu  olw’okulemererwa kwa gavumenti eyakwata obuyinza oluvannyuma lwa Haniya okulekulira. Mu bigambo bya Hamas yennyini, yavumirira gavumenti eyawamu  era nejirangira "okuva ku ndagaano ey'omunda wakati wa Hamas n'ebiwayi by'ebibiina ekigatta eddembe lya Palestine okukola gavumenti ey'okukkaanya mu 2014, n'okukyusa baminisita abawerako n'abakulembeze ba Fatah – okugifuula gavumenti ya Fatah." Wadde nga PLC yali ewadde okuwabula na ne Hamas ewadde okunyonyola kwayo,  gavumenti eyawamu n'ekibiina ki Fatah baagaana okusaba kuno, era nebawa ensonga okuyita kiwandiiko kye baafulumya eri bannamawulire omuli ekyokusaba kuno obutaba mu mateeka n’obulabe obuyinza okuviirako enjawukana okweyongera  wakati wa Gaza efugibwa Hamas ne West Bank.