Ebyobugagga obw'ensibo

IALI NGO has been authorized by terminologist Charles Muwanga to post to Luganda Wikipedia articles from his Luganda scientific translations for free public consumption.

"Ebyobugagga  obw’ensibo"

Eboobugagga  obw’ensibo (Natural resources) bwebwo obusangibwa mu butonde mu mbeera etakulusanyizibwa muntu , ekitegeeza nti busigadde bukyali  mu mbeera yabwo ey’obutonde. 

Ekyobugagga obw’ensibo (natural resource) kiba kisangibwa mu mbeera ey’obulamu  obw’enjawulo (biodiversity) n’obuzimbe bw’ensi obw’enjawulo (geodiversity) mu nsengekera z’etababutonde (ecosystems) ez’enjawulo.Mu by’obugagga obw’ensibo mulimu:

•	 Empewo, embuyaga, ne nampewo.

•	Ensolo

•	Ebyanda(Coal), Amafuta ga nakavundila(fossil fuels), enjazi, ne minero. 

•	Ebibira

•	Ettale, ebisaalu n’entobazi 

•	Ettaka

•	Amazzi, ennyanja, emigga, semayanja, n’amazzi g’omutaka wansi. 

•	Amaanyi g’enjuba

Ebyobugagga obw’ensibo bijjibwa mu mbeera ya butonde (environment) era bingi ku bbyo byetaagisa okusobozesa omuntu okubaawo so ng’ate ebirala byetaagisa okukkusa ebyetaago byaffe. Eby’obugagga eby’ensibo biri mu biti bya njawulo. Waliwo  ebyawulibwa okusinziira ku:

 (i) Nsibuko yabyo. Wano twawula:

(a)	Ensibuko ey’ebiramu (Biotic) – Eby’ensibuko ey’ebilamu bijjibwa mu sifiiya ya bilamu (biosphere) ng’ebibila n’ebilamu ebibeerawo ku bibila bino nga ensolo, ebinyonyi, ebyennyanja n’ensolo endala ez’omumazzi. Amafuta aga minelo (Mineral fuels) nga nakanda (coal) ne petulooliya (petroleum) nabyo bili mu kiti kino kubanga biva mu nakavundila wa bilamu.  

(b)	Ensibuko ey’ebitabangako biramu (Abiotic )– Eby’obugagga obw’ensibo ebitali biramu(Abiotic)  mulimu ebintu byonna  ebitabangako biramu ng’ettaka, amazzi, empewo,  ne minero ng’ebyazuuma(ores) omuli zaabu, kkalwe, kkopa, siriva, n’ebirala.
(ii) Wa we bituuse mu nkulaakulana (stage of development).Wano twawula:

a)	Ebyekusifu (Potential Resources) –Ebyo’obugagga obw’ensibo ebyekusifu by’ebyo ebisuubirwa okuba mu kitundu, biwedde okekebejjebwa era nga bisuubirwa okukozesebwa mu biseera ebyo mu maaso.

b)	Ebyobuliwo (Actual Resources) – Bino by’ebyobugagga obw’ensibo ebimaze okwekebejjebwa n’okwekenneenyezebwa ne bikakasibwa era obungi bwabyo n’omutindo ne bikakasibwa era nga biri mukukozesebwa.  Enkulaakulanya y’ekyobugagga eky’ensibo ekyobuliwo   efugibwa mutindo gwa tekinologia oguba guliwo n’ebisale ebyetaagisa.

c)	Eky’obugagga ebitereke (Reserve Resources) – Kino kiba kitundu ku ky’obugagga ekyobuliwo (actual resource) ekiyinza okukulaakulanyizibwa okuvaamu amagoba mu maaso. 

d)	Eby’obugagga ebizibuwavu (Stock Resources) – Bino biba byabugagga obw’ensibo ebimaze okwekejjebwa naye nga tebisobola kukozesebwa olw’obutaba na tekinologia. 

(iii) Ebisoboka okuzzibwawo (renewability). Muno mulimu: 

(a) Ebizzibwawo (Renewable resources).

Bino by'ebyobugagga obw’ensibo ebisobola okuzzibwaawo, kino ne kiyamba okubisobozesa okugenda mu maaso nga bifulumizibwa. (Replenished)  oba okufulumizibwa obuto (okutondekebwa obuto) mu bwangu. Obumu ku buno ng’omusana, empewo, embuyaga, n’ebirala byo bigenda mu maaso okubaawo era obungi bwabyo tebukosebwa kkukozesebwa muntu Kyokka eby’obugagga obw’ensibo bingi biyinza okumalibwawo (depleted) omuntu kyokka nga biyinza okuzzibwaawo. Ebimu ku bino ng’ebilime byanguwa okuzzibwaawo kyokka ebilala ng’amazzi bilwaawo ate ebirala ng’ebibira ne bilwiirawo ddala.. 

(b)Ebitazzibwawo (Non-renewable resources ) .

Bino bikolebwa okumala ebbanga ddene mu ttaka (geological periods). Minero n’amafuta ga nakavundira biri mu kategole eno. Bitwaala ebbanga ppanvu okwefumba (to form) era tebisobola kuzzibwa bujja ssinga biba biweddewo. Mu bino, minero ez’ekyuma (metalic minerals) ziyinza okuddamu ne zikozesebwa okuyita mu kubilongosaamu (recycling) kyokka nakanda n’amafuta ga navundira tebisobola kulongoosebwaamu.

 (iv) Ebiggwawo n’ebitaggwawo:

(a) Ebitaggwawo (inexhaustible natural resources). Bino bye by’obugagga obw’ensibo ebili mu bungi obutaliiko kkomo era nga kizibu okumalibwaawo omuntu, gamba, omusana, empewo, n’ebilala.- 

(b) Ebiggwawo (Exhaustible natural resources)- Eby’obugagga bno biliko ekkomo kubanga ebikolebwa omuntu biyinza okubimalawo oluvvannyuma lw’ebbanga. Eky’okulabilako, nakanda, petulooli, ggaasi, n’ebilala. 

(v) Okusinziira ku kifo:

•	Ebyolukale.-Bino bya bugagga bwa nsibo ebisangibwa mu buli kifo eky’okulabilako ettaka n’empewo. 

•	Ebitali bya lukale (Localized resources). Bino bisangibwa mu bifo bimu na bimu. Eky’okulabilako minero n’amafuta ga nakavundira. -