Ekiteggabbugumu ekisukkulumu

KitEkitegabbugumu ekisukkulumu  (The greenhouse effect) ye ngeri "nabbugumya olubugumu" (thermal radiation) ku Ekiteggabbugumu kikwata ku:

	Okukaalaamuka kwa   tempulikya z’Ensi okuva kw’ezo ezekigero ekyetaagisa ebiramu ku Nsi. 

	Kitegeeza kweyongera kwa bungi bwa ggaasi mu nampewo ezitega ebbugumu eriva ku njuba olwensonga bbiri:

        (a) Ebintu ng'amakolero n'ebidduka eyongera obungi bw'omukka ogutega ebbugumu byeyongedde nnyo ku Nsi

        (b) Ennyingizo z'obutonde(natural sinks) eza ggaasi zino naddala kaboni-bbiri-okisayidi, nga gino gy'emiti, ebibira, n'ebimera eby'enjawulo ku Nsi bikendedde olw'okusaanyibwawo abantu.

Jjukira nti ekitegabbugumu kikwata ku kubuguma oba kwokya kw'Ensi olw’okwokya kw’enjuba (solar heat) okutegwa nampewo waffe . Mu nampewo(the atmosphere) mulimu nnabuzimbe  nga ggaasi, enfuufu, n’ebire ebitega ebbugumu eriba liddayo mu bwengula .
Ekitegabbugumu ekisukkulumu (greenhouse  effect) kivaako okwokya kwa saafeesi kwa kamwaka (planet) yonna olw’okuba nga mu namikka/nampewo wa kamwaka mubaamu ggaasi ezitega neziyingiza ebbugumu eliba liddayo mu bwengula. 

Ggaasi ya wozoni mu nampewo ekugira omuntu okutuukibwako olubugumu olwa avi (ultraviolet) olw’obulabe eri obulamu n’olwekyo okukendeera kwayo kuteekwa okukugirwa. Ate zzo ggaasi ezitega ebbugumu mu nampewo nga kaboni-bbiri-okisayidi    zirinnyisa ebbugumu ryeyetaaagisa mu nampewo wonna mu nsi kyokka kino bwe kiyitirira nakyo kiba kya kabenje. 

Wozoni (ozone)   esangibwa mu nampewonibbiri-okisayidi-, ebire n’enfuufu mu nampewo ebyeyongera obungi.

 Omugaso gw'ensengekera y'ekitegabbugumu (the greenhouse gas system)

Okufananamu n’ekiyumba kya nabbuguma (a greenhouse) eky’okukuza ebimera, ggaasi mu nampewo w’ensi zikuumila kamwaka yaffe ku tempulikya ez’ekigero. 

Engeri kino gye kikolebwa ekitegabbugumu

Emigendo gy’enjuba (sun’stays) bwe giyingila nampewo w’ensi (earth’s atmosphere), amasoboza (energy), gakenululwa okuyita mu ggaasi z'ekitegabbugumu. Ekitundu ku masoboza ag’enjuba kyokyesa (kibugumya) ensi ate ekitundu eksinga obungi ne kizziibwaayo (reflected back) mu nampewo.  

N’ekivaamu

Awatali ggaasi za kitegabbugumu, tempulikya ku nsi ziba zikka nnyo ne kileetawo obunnyogovu obwamaanyi ate ggaasi bwe zekwaata ennyo ensi oba kamwaka eba ebuguma nnyo.

Okweyongera kwa ziggaasi kitega lubugumu kwatandika ddi?

Okuva mu nkyuukakyuuka ezaleetawo yindasitule mu myaaka gya 1700, ggaasi kitega lubugumu zeekutte nnyo olw’omukka oguva mu makolelo.
Kwe kiviila

Ggaasi kitega bbugumu zisobola okukuuma ekigelo kyaaso okuyita mu nfulumya y’obutonde okuva mu bintu ku nsi. Ekyokulabilako kwe kuvunda kw’ebilamu (Organic decay) okuvaamu kabokisaidi. Okukamula (extraction) kwa woyilo ne ggaasi ebili mu butonde (Natural oil and gas) bitondekawo metani. Ebibila n’emiddo bitondeka naitwokisaid (nitrous oxide).

Okulabula

Abantu bwe bataataganya ensengekera ezikola ggaasi enkulu, bulangiti ya ggaasi kitega lubugumu zitaataaganyizibwa.
 

Ggaasi eza kitegabbugumu (Greenhouse gases)

Ggaasi etega olubugumu (greenhouse gas) ye ggaasi mu nampewo eyingiza n’efulumya olubugumu (radiation) mu kubangiliza kya M-emmyufu (thermal infrared ).  Kino kye kivaako nabbuguma w’ensi(Global warming/greenhouse effect). Ggaasi ezitega olubugumu enkulu mu nampewo w’Ensi mulimu enfuumo y’amazzi (water vapour), kabokisaidi, metani (methane), naitokisaidi (nitrous oxide) ne wozone (ozone). 

Ggaasi
 	Akabonelo

 	Obungi mw’efulumizibwa

Enfuumo y’amazzi	K2W	36 – 72 %  

Kabokisaidi	KW2	9 – 26 %

Metani	KKai4	4 – 9 %  

Ozone	W3	3 – 7 %  

Mu nsengekera y’enjuba Muwanga, namikka (planetary atmospheres) wa Ddungu (Venus) ne Musoke (Mars) naye alimu ggaasi ezileetawo nabbuguma (which cause greenhouse effects). 

Ggaasi ezitega olubugumu lw’enjuba  zikola kinene ku tempulikya z’Ensi; ssinga tezaaliwo, saafeesi y’Ensi  yandibade n’ekigelo (average) kya gigili nga 33 °C (59 °F) , ng’ennyogoga okusinga bweli kati. 

Okuva omulembe gwa yindasitule lwe gwatandia, okwookya amafuta ga nakavundila kyongezza kabokisaidi mu nampewo okuva ku kipimo ekya 280ppm okutuuka ku 390ppm. 

Ggaasi ezitega olubugumu ezireetebwawo abantu (Anthropogenic greenhouse gases)

Ggaasi ezitega olubugumu ezileetebwawo abantu (Global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions) zili mu biti munaana: 

Okuva mu eyo nga mu  1750  ebikolebwa omuntu(human activity) byongedde obungi bwa kabokisaidi ne ggaasi endala ezitega nabbuguma. Ensibuko za kabokisaidi ez’obutonde(Natural sources of carbon dioxide) ezikubisaamu emilundi egisukka mu abili okusinga ezisibuka mu bikolebwa amontu.  Ensibuko ez’obutonde zenkanizibwa enkozesa ez’obutonde(natural sinks) nga ekitangalijja(photosynthesis) ky’ebipooli bya  kabokisaidi(carbondioxide compounds) okuyita mu bimera ne pilankaton ez’omu mazzi (marine planktons).

Olw’okutaataganya omwenkanonkano guno, olubugumu (Warming/radiation) lusuubilwa okutaataganya ebintu ng’amazzi agakozesebwa ensolo, yindasitule, emmele n’ebyobulamu. Ebikolwa by’omuntu ebisinga okuleetawo ggaasi ezitega olubugumu mulimu: 

•	Okwokya amafuta ga nakavundira (burning of fossil fuels) n’okusaanyaawo ebibira (deforestation), ekintu ekiviirako kaboni-bbiri-okisayidi omungi okuwagamira mu nampewo. Okusaanyawo ebibira kiri nnyo mu mawanga gaffe ag’abaddugavu mu Afirika. 

•	Envunza y’obusa bw’ebisolo embi (enteric fermentation) awamu n’envunza ya nakavundira enkyaamu, okulima omukyeere.  

•	Okukozesa ebigimusa mu kulima ebiteeka naitwokisaidi (nitrous oxide) (N2W) omungi mu nampewo. 

Ebisinga okuyingiza kaboni-bbiri-okisayidi ava mu kwokya amafuta ga nakavundila mulimu : 

(a)Ebireetawo okufulumya kabokisaidi ava mu mafuta ga nakavundila	Obungi(%)

(a)Amafuta g'ekikulukusi (Liquid fuels) nga gaasoliini, woilo, nebilala.	36 %

(b)Amafuta eg’enkalubo (Solid fuels) nga kkoolo 	35 %

(c)Amafuta aga ggaasi (Gaseous fuels) nga nakyuggaasi (natural gas)20 %

(d) Okukola sementi 	 3 %

(e)Akkolero ga ggaasi1 %