open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Lulyansolo

**Lulyansolo** kye kiramu ekifuna amasoboza (energy) n'ebiriisa (nutrients) okusingira ddala nga ekikula kyakyo kirya nnyama ya nsolo endala okuyita mu kugajambula n'okuyuza ebiramu (predation) oba okuyigga ensolo ezifudde. Muno mulimu ensolo nga empologoma, goonya, engo, n'endala.

Lulyabimera (Herbivorous) eba nsolo efuna ebiriisa (nutrients) n'amsoboza (energy) gaayo nga okusingira ddala erya bimera. Muno mulimu ente, embuzi, n'endala.

Lulyabimera (Herbivorous) eba nsolo efuna ebiriisa (nutrients) n'amsoboza (energy) gaayo nga okusingira ddala erya bimera. Muno mulimu ente, embuzi, n'endala.

Ate "lulyansolobi" (Omnivorous) efuna ebiriisa byayo n'amasoboza nga erya byombi, ensolo n'ebimera. Weetegereze : Ensolo + Bimera = Ensolobi (Omunivorous). Omuntu naye lulyansolobi.

Bivudde mu kitabo "Essomabiramu"(Biology) ekya Muwanga Charles
Ebinnyonnyozo by'Omukka(Properties of a Gas)

Okusinziira ku nzivuunulo ya Muwanga , "omukka ky'ekyo ekizimbulukuka okubugaana obubangirivu bw'ekiterekero mwe kiba kiteekeddwa mu kyenkanyi"(Gas is a substance which expands to fill uniformly the volume of any contaniner in which it is placed.

"Ebinnyonnyozo by'Omukka"
           (Properties of  Gas)

(a)Obubangirivu(Volume). Kino ky'ekibangirizi oba ebbanga eribuganyeemu omukka>(space occupied by a gas).

(b)Enzitoya(Mass). Guno gwe mugatte gw'enzitoya y'obuziba bwonna oba obuzitoya(molecules) obukola omukka.(the total mass of all the atoms or molecules making up  gas).

(c) Obukwafuwavu(Density).Eno y'enzitoya y'omukka buli namungina y'obubangirivu(the mass of  a gas per unit olume).

(d) Akanyigirizi(Pressure). Akanyigirizi eba mpalirizo buli namunigina y'obwagaagavu ku busimbe bwa safeesi obw'ekiterekero omubugaaanye omukka.( the force per unit area acting perpendicular to the surface of the container holding the gas). Akanyigirizi kapimibwa mu "nnannyigirizi" buli miita eza kyebiriga .

(e)Obwoki(Temperature)Obwoki kipimo kya kwokya oba okunnyogoga gw'ekintu.Okupima obwoki tukozesa "ekipimabwoki(thermometer).
Lulyansolobi(Omnivorous animals)

Lulyansolobi 
   (Omnivorous animals)

"Lulyansolobi"(Omnivorous) eba nsolo efuna  ebiriisa byayo n'amasoboza nga erya byombi, ensolo n'ebimera.

 Weetegereze : 

              Ensolo + Bimera = Ensolobi 

              Lulyansolobi      = Omnivorous animals.

Lulyansolo ky'ekiramu ekifuna  amasoboza(energy) n'ebiriisa (nutrients) okusingira ddala nga ekikula kyakyo kirya nnyama ya nsolo endala okuyita mu kugajambula n'okuyuza ebiramu(predation)oba okuyigga ensolo ezifudde. Muno mulimu ensolo nga empologoma, goonya, engo,n'endala.

Lulyabimera(Herbivorous) eba nsolo efuna ebiriisa(nutrients) n'amsoboza(energy) gayo nga okusingira ddala erya bimera . Muni mulimu  ente, embuzi,n'endala.

Bivudde mu kitabo "Essomabiramu(Biology)" ekya Muwanga Charles
Lulyabimera (Herbivorous animals)

"Lulyabimera" (Herbivorous)

 "Lulyabimera"(Omnivorous animal) efuna  ebiriisa byayo n'amasoboza nga erya bimera okusinga. Lulyabimera zirimu ente, embuzi , n'endala.Lulyabimera zirya emiddo oba ebikoola by'emiti oba byombi.

Ensolo bw'etaba lulyabimera eba lulyansolobi oba lulyansolo.

Bivudde mu kitabo "Essomabiramu"(Biology) , ekya Muwanga Charles.
Lugajambula (Predator)

**Okugajambula** kitegeeza okukwata eky'okulya eky'ennyama n'amaddu mangi n'okiyizayuzaamu obufi okukirya. Abantu tebagajambula nsolo gye bagenda kulya wabula bagibaaga mu ngeri etagirumya nnyo nga bosooka kugisalako mutwe mu bwangu awatali kugiyuzayuza mu ngeri ey'okugirumisa  ennyo.

Okusinziira ku Muwanga , "Lulyansolo"(carnivorous animals)  era oyinza okuziyita "lugajambula" (predators)."Lulyansolo" ky'ekiramu ekifuna  amasoboza(energy) n'ebiriisa (nutrients) okusingira ddala nga ekikula kyakyo kirya nnyama ya nsolo endala okuyita mu kugajambula n'okuyuza ebiramu(predation)oba okuyigga ensolo ezifudde. Muno mulimu ensolo nga empologoma, goonya, engo,n'endala.

Lulyabimera(Herbivorous) eba nsolo efuna ebiriisa(nutrients) n'amasoboza(energy) gayo nga okusingira ddala erya bimera . Muni mulimu  ente, embuzi,n'endala.
Okugajambula(Predation)

Kino ky'ekikolwa ekya lulyansolo eky'okuyuzayuza ensolo gye zigenda okulya oba okuginuunamu omusaayi n'enjala n'amannyo gaazo amayuziso(canine teeth).
Ensolo Lubbira

“Lubbira” zirina ebisonjozo bino:

* Bisinziira ku mazzi okwezaala
* Zibeera kumpi n’awali semazzi(water bodies) nga emyala , emigga, ennyanja, entobazi
* Birina olususu oba oluliba olugonda, olubisi , oluyingiza  amazzi  obulungi , ekizisobozesa okuwangaalira mu mbeera ey’obubisi

Bivudde mu Kitabo "Essomabiramu"(Biology) ekya Muwanga
Obufo,Obusangiro, Obwolekero (Position, Location, and Direction)

Okusinziira ku Muwanga Charles, obufo(Position), obusangiro(Location) , n'obwolekero (direction) miramwa girinaaniganye nnyo mu makulu naye ate mu nsi eya sayansi oba ka tugambe nti mu Luganda olubalanguzi(mathematical Luganda) girina amakulu ga njawulo:

(i) Obusangiro (location)

(ii)Obufo= obusangiro bw'ekifo (position)

(iii) Obwolekero (Direction)

Oluganda we lutuuse omuntu ajja kuba yetaaga okusoma ennyo okwawula buli kintu ku kilara ne bwe biba bifaanagana nnyo. Tewakyaali bigambo bibiri birina makulu ge gamu kukimu ku kikumi.
Ekibuuzabantu n'embuuzamuntu(Survey and Questionaire)

Mu kisengekakalonda (Statistics),  Muwanga akusaba weetegereze emiramwa gino:

(i) Ekibuuzamuntu(Survey)

(ii) Embuuzamuntu(Questionnaire)
Ekibazisambira=Embazamapeesa (Abacus)

“Embazisambira” oba "ekibazisambira"(abacus) 

Ky’olina okumanya ku mbazisambira/ekibazisambira  oba embazamapeesa(abacus) kwe kuba nti:

•	Eno mbalanguziso(culaturator) eriko embira oba amapeesa agasengekeddwa ku kweso(frame) okukozesebwa okubala n’okubaza 
 
•	embira zibalibwa okusinziira ku muwendo gw’ekifo .

 “Embazisambira”/ekibazisambira  oba “Embazamapeesa”(abacus) eyingizibwamu  obuweke obuyinza okugerageranyizibwa n’embira oba amapeesa nga gegayingidde omuli obuweke, ensonga lwaki njiyise “embazamapeesa”(Abacus) embazisambira kubanga ekozesa embira okusobozesa omuntu okubalira .Eno wansi ogiraba nga eyingiziddwamu obwefaananyirizaamu amapeesa ate era nga ziyinza okuba embira  ezikiikirira emiwendo gy’ekifo egy’enjawulo mu namba 1,504.Okuva eri Muwanga
Ekibanduso (A Primer of Change)

Okusinziira ku Muwanga , "ekibanduso"(Primer of change ) kiva mu bigambo by'oluganda "ekikolwa eky'emmanduso" oba "ekiwandiiko eky'emmanduso( an act or document that triggers a fundamental change). Mu byafaayo by'ensi, enkulaakulana zizze zivugibwa "ebibanduso  eby'enkyukakyuka"(primers of change). Ekibanduso ky'ekyo ekibandula(that which triggers) enkyukakyuka ssinziggu.

Ekimu ku "bibanduso eby'enkyukakyuka" ebikulu mu byafaayo by'ensi , abadde sayansi ne tekinologiya. Olw'okuba sayansi ne tekinologiya kibadde kibanduso ekiteewalika , Charles Muwanga akizudde nti okufuula ennimi zaffe ez'abadddugavu ennimi eza sayansi kibanduso kya nkyukakyuka(primer of change) ssinziggu kye tutayinza kubuusa maaso.

"Omugeye Muwanga agamba nti  omuntu yenna omugezi, eyefumiitiriza era omunoonyerezi  ne bwaba si mukenkufu mu ssomo erimu oba eddala , ayinza okukola "ekibanduso"(primer of change) okukyusa abantu mu ntabaganya ye(in his society) kyokka  alina kufungiza bbiri , anti ajja kusanga ebiwonvu n'ebikko , Muwanga Charles b'alaga okuba  abantu ba biti bisatu:

1. Abantu ebitundu 33% baba bajja kukola buli ekikulemesa.Bano be bayita abantu ab'effutwa, enge , n'empiiga(the reactionaries , retrogressive elements of society )

2. Abantu 33%  tebajja kufaayo ku ky'okola era bajja kukulaga nti  tebibakwatako. Bagamba ebyo bibyo, oba omala biseera oba oli mulalu atalina bya kukola.Bano be bayita abantu abeesuulirayo ogwa naggamba(these are indefferent to social change).

3. Abantu  33% be bantu abajja okukuwa amaanyi, okukuwabula mu mutima omulungi, okukwebaza , n'okukwegattako oba pokukuwa obuwagizi obw'enjawulo bwe wetaaga(progressive elements of society).

Okiraba nti , abasinga obunji tebajja kuba naawe .Kyokka nga omuntu eyekkirirzaamu  era ow'enkyukakyuka ,  lemerangako, onootuuka ku buwanguzi wamu n'aba ababadde bakulemesa. Eno y'ensonga lwaki tuleseewo endowooza ey'omuddugavuwefeeko(blafricanism), topowa(toggwamu maanyi) !!!

Ekibanduso(Primer of change) ky'ekimu ku bintu ebijja okukuyamba okubunyisa enjiri y'ebyo by'ozudde ebigenda okuyamba buli muntu okutuuka ku ntikko !!!
Luyonsa (Mammals)

Luyonsa 
  ( Mammals)

Ebikula bya luyonsa biri eyo mu nkumi nnya , nga ekikula kya luyonsa ekisingayo obutono ke kawundo ek’oluyindo ate ekikula kya luyonsa ekisinga obunene ye lukwata (whale) eya bbulu eno nga ebaako nga fuuti kikumi ate ezitowa ttani  kikumi mw’ataano . Kyokka oba zibeera ku lukalu oba mu mazzi , luyonsa zonna zirina ebisonjozo eby’awawamu . Luyonsa zonna :

•	Nsolo ez’enkizi ( vertebrates) kuba zirina ebikoggo oba olukoggo( backbone or spine).

•	Nsolo ez’omusaayi omubugumu (warm-blooded animals) oba “lwepimirabbugumu “( endothermic animals). Lwepimirabbugumu nsolo ezirina emibiri egifuga obwoki bwagyo, ekintu ekizisobozesa okuwangaalira kumpi mu buli mbeera ya budde ku Nsi. 

•	Zirina obwoya ku mibiri gyazo 

•	Emibiri gyazo gikola amata okuyonsa ebito byazo. Kati nno eno y’ensonga lwaki Muwanga aziyise Luyonsa .

Bivudde mu kitabo "Essomabiramu"(Biology) ekya Muwanga
Ekitojji ky'ensirinngaannyi

## Ensirinngaannyi zirina ekitojji
 awo nga ku mutwe kyebayita [ clitellum] era ensiringanyi bwezimaa okuwanyisiganya enkwaso, enzaazi, amaggi nga gagenda mu ekyo ekitojji. Kino nno ate nga kivako nga kyetugga nga kifuuka essonko oba ekissu kye nsiringanyi. Oluvanyuma lwa sabitti sattu amaggigavamu ensiringanyi eziwereza ddala obuwanvu bwa [2mm] milimita bbiri ate nga ziri mu langi njeru.Bwewayitawo ennaku nga nnya ate zifuuka za langi myufu eyoluberela. ‘’Otadiika otya edundiiro ly’ensiringanyi?’’ Kozesa ekidomola oba sefuliya ejamu ekdomola ky’amazzi, . Giwumulemu ebituli mu ntobo ne mu mabali gayo,. Sefuliya eno gituuze ku matafaali anna empewo esobole okuyitamu. Tekamu omusennyu mutonotno gubikke ebituli ebisooka. Tekako olubaawo ku musennyu ng;olekayo ebanga , totuusa ku sefuliya naye lwetolooze olugoye lwona olunaziyiza ensiringanyi obutafuluma. Wagulu wolubaawo ywako ettaka lya nakavundia otekeko ensiringanyi . ate era wano ogatamu ne ku ttaka eritali lya nakavundira. Esefuliya gibikeko omukeeka oba ekiwempe , otandiike okufukirira okumala ennaku nnya. Muteeke okumala ennaku kumi nga tofukirira, era agya kuleeta ebugumu. Oluvanyuma lwe nnaku ekumi, mugyeko omukeeka awole bulungi. Nakavundiira ono mutabulemu layimu [lime], okusinzira ku bunfi bwe, kilo emu etabula obugazi bwa mita emu [1 cubic metre]. eya nakavundira. ‘’ Okuliisa ensiringanyi’’ Funa akataasa ka kalimbwe w’enkoko, kayiwe ku ngulu mu sefuliya ya nakavundira , obikeko okumala sabiti emu, awo nno ensiringanyi zitandiike okulya nakavundira. Buli sabiti satu obeera otabulamu afune ku mpewo ea osobola nokusekuliramu ebisosonkole bya’amaggi birise ku nsiringanyi. Tosulamu gamba nga ebikuta by’emikyungwa, oba eniimu, omuddo, oba ennyama , bijja kutta ensiringanyi. ‘’Enimiro y’ensiringanyi ogikuuma otya?’’ Esefuliya gyolundiramu ensiringanyi togiteeka mu musana oba mu bunyogovu obuyitiridde. ‘’ Okungula otya ensiringanyi’’ Oluvannyuma lw’emyezi esatu ensiringanyi ziba zituuse okufuluuma. Sabiti eweza emyezi esatu, wagulu wa sefuliya yanakavundira tekako attaka tonotono lija kusittula ensiringanyi zidde wagulu mu sefuliya. Funa ekifo nga emezza otekeko empapula, tekako ettaka lyanakavundira elyawagulu. Ettaka eririwansi mu sefuliya lyawuzemu, erimu likozese mu nimirozo eddala lisigalewo olikozese mu kuzaalukussa ensiringanyi endala. www
Lugirigimba(Reptiles)

Lugirigimmba
   (Reptiles)

Bino by’ebisonjozo bya Lugirigimmba:

(i)	Zirina olususu  olukalubo nga lukaluwavu  oba luyita oluliba  olukalubo nga olukaluwavu. Era Muwanga aziyise Nalukalu olutafulumya mangu mazzi kuva mu mubiri ekizisobozesa okuwangaalira mu mbeera enkaluwavu  era ne ziba nga ziyinza okutambula ne zibeera wala okuba awali amazzi nga emigga, emyala, ennyanja, oba entobazi. Lugirigimba nga enfude zibiika amagi ku lukalu

(ii)	Zirina ebigirigimba.Era Muwanga aziyise Lugirigimba

(iii)	Ezisinga zirina amagulu ana  kyokka  waliwo n’ezitalina magulu nga emisota

(iv)	Zonna zibiika amagi. Muwanga  nga ebinyonyi ebitali mu kikula kyazo.

Bivudde mu kitabo "Essomabiramu"(Biology) ekya Muwanga
Obutaffaali n'Obutoffaali(Cells and particles)

Emiramwa eginnyonnyola enjawulo wakati w’akatoffaali n'akataffaali, okusinziira ku Muwanga gye gino:

Akatoffaali(particle) katono nnyo okusinga akataffaali(living cell). Ennyukuta “o”  mu kigambo katoffaali ekkaatiriza obutono bw’akatoffaali yadde byombi akatoffaali n’akataffaali busirikitu obwetaagisa enzimbulukusa okusobola okubulaba n’eriiso eriri  obukunya.

 Okutwalira awamu gino gye miramwa  egyekuusiza ku bigambo ebibiri ebyo :

(i)	Akatoffaali			      	(Particle(katini nnyo okusinga akataffaali)

(ii)	Akataffaali				(cell (kanene okusinga akatoffaali)

(iii)	Akatoffaali kazimbakintu  		( the building block of matter)

(iv)	Akataffaali kazimbakiramu		(cell)

(v)	Akataffaali kazimbamubiri		(animal cell)

(vi)	Akataffaali kazimbakimera		(plant cell)

(vii)	Obutoffaali kazimba buziba=Obutonniinya 	(subatomic particles)

(viii)	Obusirikitu bw'akaziba    (	subatomic particles)

(ix)	Obusirikitu .                		(Muno mulimu  ) 

•	Nampawengwa(nampa)		neutron(nyutirooni)

•	Kikontana (konta)			proton(piratoni)

•	Akasannyalaza			electron(erakitooni)

(x)	Obutoffaali kazimba buziizi		(proton and neutron)

(xi)	Obutoffaali kazimbabwongo			  (neurons)

(xii)	Obutaffaalikazimbabusimu			(neuron))

(xiii)	Obutaffaali kazimba kitangaala		(photons(obupoto)

Akatoffaalikazimbakintu (the building block of matter)  era kayitibwa atomu(obungi-watomu) . Akataffaalikazimbakintu nako kalina obusirikitu obukazimba, obuyitibwa obutoffaalikazimbatomu (subatomic particles). Obutoffaalikazimbatomu buli busatu Obusannyalaza, Konta, ne nampa.

Amakkati g’akaziba(atom)  ge gayitibwa obuziizi (nucleus) era muno mwe musangibwa obusirikitu obuyitibwa  nampa ne konta.  Konta (Protons) ekiggwayo “kikontana” (opposite of) ne nampa, ekiggwayo “nampawengwa” (neutral) bwe busirikitu obukola obuziizi ya atomu .
Munna-words of Luganda experts

Okusinziira ku Muwanga Charles, Munna- kawango kasookeso akeyambisibwa okuzimba emiramwa egiraga obukenkufu mu masomo ag'enjawulo.  Muno mulimu abakugu oba bakakensa nga :

(i) Munnamateeka (Lawyer) = Owebyamateeka

(ii)Munnasayansi (Scientist)=Owebyasayansi

(iii) Munnabwengula (Astronomist) =Owebyobwengula

(iv) Munnassomabiramu (biologist) = Owessomabiramu

(v)Munnassomabutonde(Physicist)= Owebyessomabutonde 

(vi)Munnassomabuziba(Chemist) =Owebyessomabuziba

(vii)Munnabyabufuna(Political economist)=Owebyobufuna

(viii) Munnasssomabibuuka(Earonetic scientist ) =Owebyessomabibuuka

(ix)Munnakatemba(Dramatist)

(x)Munnassomabuzaale(genetic Scientist)

(xi)Munnasayansi wa biramu(Bio scientist)

(xii)Munnabiriisa(Nutritionist)

(xiii)Munnabyanfuna(Economist)

(xiv)Munnambeera za birowoozo(Psychologist)

(xv)Munnasayansi wa bya bufuzi(Political scientist)

(xvi)Munnassomansolo(Zoologist)

(xvii)Munnassomabimera(Botanist)

(xviii)Munnantababutonde(Ecologist)

(xix)Omunonooza (Engineer). Ekinonoozo =Engineering)
Ekikamulabiriisa(Digestion)

Ekikamulabiriisa

        ( Digestion). 

Ensengekera y'ekikamula biriisa(the digestive system) ey’omuntu, erambuluddwa Muwanga mu Luganda bweti:

Mufulumya – lwe lujji lw’emanju ku mubiri gw’omuntu ku nkomerero y’ensengekera ya kikola ku mmere awafulumira obubi atayingiziddwa mu nsengekera ya mubiri(body system).

apendiisi – akasawo akatono akasangibwa ekyenda ekinene we kitandikira 

Omumiro(esofagguusi) -  omuyitiro(opening) omuwanvu wakati w’omumwa n’olubuto . ogukozesa okwenyenyeenya kw’emiwuula okusengeke okuyingiza emmere mu lubuto . 

Akalulwe –kano kalinga kasawo akatono akaliraanye dwodina. Ke  katereka n’okufulumya kemiko eyitibwa boyiro(bire) mu bwenda obutono. Boyiro kemiko ya kikamula mmere(digestive chemical) ekolebwa mu kibumba.  

Ekyenda ekinene – Guno gwe muyitiro omuwanvu ate omugazi omuyita emmere ng’emaze okukolebwaako(okukamulwaamu ebyetaagisa omubiri) mu bwenda obutono. 

Ekibumba – Kino kitundu ekinene ekisangibwa waggulu ne mumaaso g’olubuto. Ekibumba ke kakungunta k’obujama oba obutwa okuva mu musaayi  ate era ne kikola  boyiro(bire) ekutulakutula mu masavu n’ekola ne bizimbamubiri (proteins) ezimu mu masaayi. 

Omumwa – Kino kye kitundu ekisooka mu nsengekera ya kikamula biriisa oba kikola ku mmere (digestive system) , emmere weyingirira mu mubiri. Okugaaya ne enzayimu ezisangibwa mu malusu mu kamwa munda bye bikola entandikwa ya kikamula biriisa nga bikutulakutula mu mmere. 

Akataago- . kano kavuluzi (gland) akafulumya enzayimu esangibwa wansi w’olubuto ne waggulu w’ebyenda. .  Enzayimu okuva mu kataago ziyamba okukola ku bireetamaanyi(digestion of carbohydrates), amazavu , n’ebizimbamubiri( proteins) mu bwenda obutono  .

Ekireeta – Kino kye kitundu kya wansi eky’ekyenda ekinene omuterekwa kazambi nga tannaba kufulumizibwa okuva mu mubiri. 

Obwenda obutono. Guno gwe muyitiro omutono omuwanvu – emmere mwyita era n’ekolebwaako ng’evudde mu lubuto.
 
Olubuto  . Lino ttogero lya asidi , ekitundu ekiringa ekisawo ekyekutte ku mumiro(esofaggaasi). Emmere bw’eyingira mu lubuto esogolwasogolwa mu ttogero lya asidi lino.
Ekivululo

Ekivululo (Secretion)

Muwanga agamba nti omwogezi w'Oluganda yenna kimukakatako okumanya enjawulo wakati  w'ekifulumyakazambi (excretion) n’okuvulula oba ekivululo (secretion)

Okuvulula oba ekivululabibikulukusi kitegeeza  ebitundu by’omubiri okuleeta sebusitansi  naddala etali kazambi okuva mu musaayi oba mu butaffali bw’omubiri. Ekyokulabirako kwe kuvulula amalusu, amaziga, boyiro (bire) ebikemuluzi (hormone) oba amata okuva mu mabeere.Sebusitansi zino ze ziyitibwa ebivululo by’omubiri(body secretions). 

Okuvulula kye kikolwa ( process) eky’okuleeta enkyusabuziba(chemical) oba sebusitansi z'enkyusabuziba (chemical substances)  okuva mu katoffaalikazimbamubiri oba obuvuluzi (glands). Obutafaanana na kifulumyakazambi (excretion), sebusitansi evululibwa eba n’omugaso mu mubiri; teba kazambi (waste).
Ensengekera y'ekitambuzamusaayi(the Blood circulatory system)

Ensengekera y’ekitambuzamusaayi
         (the Blood Circulatory system)

Ensengekera y’ekitambuzamusaayi(the blood circulatory system) etambuza matiiriyo mu mubiri gwo era ensengekera eno erimu omutima, omusaayi, n’emisuwa. Ekisanjabavo (lymphatic part) ekuuma omwenkanyonkanyo gw’obuuvuluzi bw’ensanjabavu (lymph glands).

Okutwalira awamu ensengekera y’ekitambuzamusaayi ebunyisa omusaayi okwetoloola omubiri gwo okuyita mu mutima , Atari ne veyini  okuweereza okisigyeni n’ebiriisa mu bitundu by’omubiri n’obutaffaali n’okujja ebizambi(waste) mu mitundi eby’enjawulo.Bivudde mu Kitabo kya Muwanga Charles "Essomabiramu(Biology)"
Ensengekera y'emifumbi(the muscular system)

Ensengekera y’emifumbi 
(Muscular system). 

Okusinziira ku Muwanga , Ensengekera y’emifumbi esobozesa omubiri okutambula ng’ekozesa emifumbi(muscles).
Ensengekera y'ekikyusaganyampewo(the Respiratory System)

Ensengekera y’ekikyusaganyampewo
               (Respiratory System).

Ensengekera y’ekikyusaganyampewo (the respiratory system)erimu amawuggwe n’emiyitiro gy’empewo(airways).Ensengekera eno esobozesa okukyusaganya  empewo(ggaasi/omukka) wakati w’omusaayi n’embeera y’omubiri ey’ebweru  ( body's external environment). 

Naddala ensengekera eno eyingiza okisigyeni  ate n’efulumya ggaasi endala nga               kaboni-bbiri-okisayidi (carbon dioxide).Bivudde mu Kitabo "Essomabiramu"(Biology) ekya Muwanga Charles
Ensengekera y'Ekizaazi(the Reproductive system)

Ensengekera  ey’ekizaazi
     (Reproductive system).

Ensengekera ey’ekizaazi (the urogenital system oba reproductive system))  erimu ebitundu by’omubiri ebizaala ebito  n’okufuyisa omusulo. 

Obusajja (male reproductive organs) n'obukyala(female reproductive organs) bye byegatta mu kikolwa eky'okukola okwegadanda era kino ne kiviirako ekisajja okuwakisa ekikazi olw'empakiso(sperms) eziva mu kisajja ne ziwugira mu mpugiso(semen) okutuuka ku ggi ly'ekikazi eriba llengedde .

Ebisawo by’enkwaso (testes), amagi g’ekikazi(ovaries)  n’obuzimbe obubyekuusizaako bye bisobozesa okuzaala okubaawo.Bivudde mu kitabo "essomabiramu(Biology) ekya Muwanga Charles
Ensengekera y'ekiremesandwadde(the immune system)

Ensengekera ey’ekiremesandwadde 
     (the Immune System)

Okusinziira ku Muwanga , ensengekera ey’ekiremesandwadde oba ensengekera ey'ekiziiyizandwadde oba ensengekera ea kirwanyisandwadde (the immune system) ekugira omubiri obutamala kosebwa buwuka buleeta ndwadde nga bakitiiriya ne vayiraasi. Ensengekera ya kiremesandwadde erimu  obuzimbo bw’ensanjabavu(lymph nodes) n’obutaffaali obulala obw’enjawulo obulawuna  ebitundu by’omubiri gwo  okulwanyisa obuwuka obuyinza okuleeta endwadde nga bubadde bulumbywe. 

Obutaffaali obw’ekiremesandwadde(immune cells)  butondeka ebizimbamubiri(proteins) eby’enjawulo ebiyamba okukuuma omubiri nga gubadde gulumbiddwa obuwuka obuleeta endwadde.
Ensengekera y'Obusimu(the nervous system)

Ensengekera y’obusimu 
      (Nervous system).

Ensengekera eno ekung’anya n’okukola ku bubaka okuva mu kentero z'omubiri(the body senses) okuyita mu busimu (nerves) n’obwongo era n’egamba emifumbi okwesika (contract) okuisobola okuleetawo ebikolwa eby’omubiri.

Ensengekera y’obusimu ebaamu obwongo, emiraatira gy’obubaka obaomuyitiro gw’obubaka(spinal cord), amaswanso g’obusimu(nerves) ne sensa  z’omubiri ettano ng’amaaso, amatu. Olususu, olulimi . 

Ensengekera eno eyingiza , eweereza  n’okulungamya obubaka okuva mu mubiri munda ne wabweru  w’omubiri . Obwongo bwo n’emiraatira gy’obubaka(spinal code)  bye bikola ensengekera y’obusumu eyo mu makkati, so ng’ate  ensengekera y’obusimu ey’amabbali ebaamu ebitundu bya sensa byonna n’obusimu bwonna obugatta emiraatira gy’obusimu ku bitundu by’omubiri byonna  .Bivudde mu Kitabo "Essomabiramu" ekya Muwanga Charles
Ensengekera y'amasitukiro(the Skeletal system)

"Ensengekera y’amasitukiro" 

     (The Skeletal System)

 "Amasitukiro"(skeleton) kiva mu kugattika bigambo(blending) bya Luganda  "amagumba omubiri kwe gusitukira" . Muwanga  agamba nti kino kikkaatiriza nnyo omugaso gw'amagumba gano eri ebiramu okusinga okugayita "ebisigalira" , ebitalaga mugaso gwago eri biramu wabula okulaga nti ekiramu bwe kifa amagumba ge gasigalawo nga omubiri guvunze.

Ensengekera z’amasitukiro (skeletal systems) ziri mu ngeri za njawulo. Waliwo "amasitukiro  agali  ku ngulu"(exoskeleton) ne "amasitukiro agali munda" (exoskeleton) mu mubiri. 

Ebiwuka  n’ebikongojja( Insects and crustaceans) birina ensengekera z’amasitukiro agali ku ngulu  kw’emibiri gyabyo   (exoskeleton) .

Ebiramu nga  ebyennyanja ebimunyeenyo(starfish) tebirina magumba naye ebisitukiro byabyo bikolebwa bitengejjeso munda mwa tyubu  eziri mu mibiri byazo.Ensengekera z’ebisitukiro ebyekitengejjeso(fluid skeretal systems) ziyitibwa nakazzi ez’entagenda(hydrostatic). Namba zonna ezsangibwa wabweru w’amazzi zetaaga ensengekera y’amasitukiro ag’engeri emu oba endala  emibiri gyazo kwe gisitukira n’okuzikugira . 

Okutwalira awamu ekigendererwa ky’ensengekera y’amasitukiro kwe kukuuma ebitundu by’omubiri ebimu ate era n’okusitukirako omubiri gw’ekiramu.

Ensengekera eno ekola ki ? 

Twayogedde dda ku kigendererwa ky’ensengekera y’amasitukiro (skeletal system). Okukuum ebitundu by’omubiri ebiyinza okutuukako amangu obuvune n’okusitukirwako omubiri z’ensonga enkulu ebbiri lwaki ebiramu biba n’ensengekera z’amasitukiro.

Mu mubiri gwo , amasitukiro (the skeleton ) gakolera wamu ddala n’ensengekera y’emifumbi(muscle system) okukusobozesa okutambula (okuva mu kifo). Awatali magumba agakola amasitukiro go , wandibadde nga tyubu y’emiwuula egijjudde amazzi . Amagumba ge gakola ekibago(framework)  emifumbi n’ebitundu byo kwe byekwata. Amasitukiro go era gawa obukuumi ebitundu eby’okwegendereza nga obwongo obukuumirwa mu kawanga(skull) . 

Amagumba g’akawanga ko ge gawa obukuumi  obwongo bwo  ate embiriizi ziwa obukuumi ebitundu byo ebyomunda ebisinga .N’ebisolo ebirina amasitukiro ebyo kungulu(exoskereton) bifuna obukuumi okuva mu kasitukiro kazoo.Amakovu ggo galena ebisosonkole agawa obukuumi ebitundu ebyo munda. 
Bivudde mu kitabo "Essomabiramu" ekya Muwanga Charles
Ensengekera mu Essomabiramu (Systems in Bilogy)

Ensengekera kye ki mu Essomabiramu?

Okusinziira ku Muwanga Charles, "ensengekera"(system) kiva mu kugattika bigambo(blending) bya Luganda "ensengeka eyemaliria"(selfsustaining arrangement). Mu essomabiramu , kiba kibinja kya bitundu bya kiramu(organs) ebikolagana okusobozesa ekiramu okubaawo. Ensengekera y’ensengeka eziyinza okuba enzibuwavu mu mubiri era y’enkulaakulana esembayo waggulu okuva ku butaffaali okudda ku miwuula(tissues) okuyita ku bitundu by’omubiri eby’enjawulo okutuuka ku nsengekera.

Omubiri gw’omuntu oba ensolo endala yonna gubaamu obutaffaali obulina emirimu egy’enjawulo, emiwuula(tissues), n’ebitundu by’omubiri ebikolaganira awamu  okukola emirimu egy’enjawulo. Ensengekera zino zikwataganyiza wamu okukuuma omubiri gwo nga mulamu. 

Omubiri gwo gulimu ensengekera(systems) ez’enjawulo nga  

(i) ensengekera ey’obuvuluzi( endocrine),

(ii)  ensengekera ey’obusimu(nervous), 

(iii)ensengekera ey’emufumbi(Muscular system)

(iv) ensengekera y’amasitukiro(musculo skeletal),

(v)  ensengekera ey’ebifulumiro(urogenital), 

(vi)ensengekera eya kikyusaganyampewo (respiratory), 

(vii) ensengekera ey’ennetoloola y’omusaayi(circulatory), 

(viii)ensengekera ey’ekiziiyizandwaddei(immune) , 

(ix) ensengekera ey’ekikamulabiriisa (digestive systems).

Ensengekera zikola zokka awamu n’ensengekera zinne waazo   okusobozesa omubiri gwo okukuuma embeera ey’ekibalo (homeostasis). Embeera ey’ekibalo(Homeostasis) kyekuusiza ku mbeeera y’omubiri gwo munda ekusobozesa awamu n’obutaffaali bwo okubeera omulamu  .

Yadde nga buli sengekera ya mubiri gwo yetaagisa okukukuuma nga oli mulamu , ensengekera y’obusimu(nervous system) y’esingayo okuba ey’omugaso. Amaaso go n’obwongo k=mu kaseera kano biri mu kusoma binyukuto bino  era bijjukira ibubaka bunobwonna ku nsengekera. Bw’okirowoozaako , era oba weyambisa ensengekera y’emifumbi(muscular system) ekuyamba okutambuza amaaso go n’okukuumira omutwe gwo waggulu  .

Ebitundu by’omubiri (organs) bitundu ku buli nsengekera. Omutimwa gwo gubalibwa nga ekitundu ky’omubiri (organ) so ng’ate era kitundu kya nsengekera  eyetolooza omusaayi mu mubiri (circulatory system). Ebitundu by’omubiri (organs) biyinza okukolagana n’ensengekera ez’enjawulo  ez’omubiri gwo.

 Ebitundu by’omubiri eby’enjawulo bingi birina obutaffaali n’emiwuula egikola emirimu egy’enjawulo.
Ekigoberero kya Akimeedizi

Ekigoberero kya Akimeddezi 
(the Archimedes' Principle)

Kyekuusiza ku mpalirizo eziteekebwa ebitengejjeso  ku bintu ebiba byetoloolodde ebitengejjeso(fuids).Empalirizo eno eba eteelkeddwa ku kintu ekendeeza obuzito bwakyo nga kiri mu kitengejjeso,  ka kibe kikulukusi oba ggaasi.
Ekigoberero kya Akimeddezi kye ki ?

Buli lw’obuuzibwa  ki ekireetera eryato okutengejja , ansa eba “ntengejjeso”('buoyancy).

Empalirizo y’ekitengejjo(Buoyant force)   eba mpalirizo y’ekitengejjeso esindika ekintu waggulu .

Lumu Akimeeddezi yayingira mu bbaafu erimu amazzi n’akizuula nti amazzi  agaali mu baafu gaalinnya.Yakizuula nti gye yakoma okuyingiza omubiri gwe mu bbaafu y’amazzi, amazzi gye gaakoma okulinnya.

Kino kitegeeza nti obubangirivu (volume) bw’omubiri gwe  gwe yayingiza mu bbaafu  bwali bulina okuseetula(to displace) amazzi asobola okugya mu baafu .N’olwekyo ekiseetuko(displacement) mu mbeera eno kibaawo nga ekintu kiseetula ekitengejjeso (Fuid) kisobole okubugaana obubangirivu ekitengejjeso mwe kibadde. 
 
Emmeeri

Emmeerei ennwanyi ekolebwa mu sitiiru  ate nga okimanyi bulungi nti sitiiru tatengejja .Yo emmeeri ey sitiiru esobola etya okutengejja .

Naye okiraba nti emmeeri ebaamu obubangirivu obukalu (empty volume) . Singa obubangirivu buno obujjuzaamazzi, emmeeri eba ezitowa  nnyo okusingawo  .Mu butuufu eba ezitowa nga emmeeri yonna wamu .

Obuzito bw’amazzi agajjuza emmeeri eno  buba bwe bumu b’emmeeri yonna ‘ ekitegeeza nti amazzi gateeka empalirizo ey’ekitengejjo  ( buoyant force ) n’empalirizo eyo yonna .Kino kye kireetera  emmeeri eya sitiiru okutengejja . 
Kyesatuza ya AyisiSinga oba  oteeka kyesatuza ya ayisi mu giraasi y’amazzi, kyesatuza etengejja kubanga  amazzi gasinga ayisi obukwafuwavu(water is more dense than ice).

Ekigoberero kya Akimeddezi n’olwekyo kigamba  nti:

Ekintu kynna ekitengejja kiseetula obuzito bwakyo bwennyini obw’ekitengejjeso                           (Any floating object displaces its own weight of fluid ).

Ku bintu  ebitengejja oba ebibbidde ekitundu mu ggaasi n’ebitengejjeso , ekigoberero kya akimedezi kiyinza okunnyonnyolwa n’empalirizo(forces) :

Ekintu ekibbidde nu mazzi kyonna oba nga kibbidde kitundu , kiba kitengejjebwa okudda waggulu(is buoyed  up ) olw’empalirizo eyenkana obuzito bw’entengejjeso eseetuddwa  ekintu . 

Ekintu okubbira obubangirivu bw’ekitengejjeso ekiseetuddwa buba bwenkana obubangirivu bw ‘ekintu kyennini .Bya Muwanga
Entengejjeso (Buoyancy)

Entengejjeso (Buoyancy)

Mu essomabuzimbe, entengejjeso(empallirizo etengejjesa ku mazzi ) eba mpalirizo ku kintu ereetera ekintu ekyo okutumbiira oba okudda waggulu  . Entengejjeso ereetebwawo  enjawulo eba wakati w’akanyigirizi akateekebwa  ekitengejjeso ku kuntu  oba empewo  ekintu mwe kiri . 
Entengejjeso ya mugaso nnyo mu bidduka bingi nga amaato, emmeeri , luseyeeya (bbaluuni), okunokoolayo ezimu  .
Njawulo ki eri wakati w’entengejjeso n’ensukuma(Buoyancy and thrust)?

Ensukuma(thrust) eba mpalirizo oba ensukuma. Ensengekera bw’esukuma  oba okutebentesa enzitoya(to accelerate a mass) mu bwolekero bumu, wabaawo ensukuma(=empalirizo esukuma(thrust) nga eteekawo embeera egyenkana okuva mu bwolekero obwa kikontana. Mu ssomabuzimbe n’ekibalangulo kino , kino kinnyonnyolwa amateeka ga  Isaac Newton  ag’okuva ery’okubiri n’ery’okusatu.

Ensukuma(thrust) ekozesebwa okulaga omutindo  ekitondekamaanyi(engine)  kwe kiddukira .Bya Muwanga
Ekiramu kataffaalikamu(Unicelullar organism)

Ekiramu kataffaalikamu(Unicellular life form)

Ekitaffaalikamu kiva mu kugattika bigambo bya Luganda“ ekiramu ekirina akataffaalikamu”(single celled life form). Buno buba bulamu  busirikitu(Microorganisms) .Bya Muwanga
Obuzimbe(Structure)

Obuzimbe (Structure)

Okusinziira ku Muwanga , kino kitegeeza obusitukiro bw’ekintu. 

Laba obusitukiro(superstructure) .  Obuzimbe(structure ) mulamwa gwa sayansi owa kakyo kano ekitegeeza obusitukiro  bw’ekintu , ntegeeza, ensengeka y’ebitundu  by’ekintu eby’enjawulo kwe kizimbirwa oba kwe kisitukira oba kwe kisitukira  okulabika nga bw’oba okiraba. Obuzimbe era kikwata ku buzimbe bw’ebitundu by’omubiri ogw’ ekiramu n’ekitali kiramu  oba obutundutundu , patiko oba obusirikitu mu kintu(sebusitansi) oba omubiri.  

Obuzimbe  oba obusitukiro kiyinza okukwata ku bizimbe, masiini n’ebintu ebirala ebikolebwa abantu  awamu n’enjazi , minero, obuziba  oba  obutaffaali n’ebitundu by’ebiramu.

Obuzimbe bw’ekintu(physical structure) kikwata ku nkula oba obusitukiro byakyo bwonna . Kino kitwaliramu n’obuzimbe by’ekiramu  ( the structure of an organism) ng’ekimera, ensolo oba omuntu .Obuzimbe bw’ekintu bwe buvaako endabiko yakyo.
Ekiramu butaffaalibungi(Multicellular organism)

Ekiramu butaffaalibungi(Multicerlular organism)

Ekiramu butaffaalibungi kiva mu kugattika ebigambo ebiri mu kigambululo ky’Oluganda “ekiramu ekirina obutaffaali obungi”( a life form made up of a multitude of cells).Bya Muwanga
Ebiziziina(Eukaryotes)

Ebiziiziina(Eukaryotes)

Ebiziiziina Muwanga akijje mu kugattika bigambo bya Luganda “ebiramu nga obuziizi(nuclei) obwesonjodde obulungi birina”(life forms without werl-defined cells ).
Ebiziziite(Prakaryotes)

( Ebiziizite(Prokaryotes)

Ebiziziite kiva mu kugattika bigambo bya Luganda “ ebiramu nga obuziizi obwesonjodde(life forms well defined nuclei) obulungi tebirina”(life forms without well-defined cells ). Buno okusinga buba bulamu bwa kataffaalikamu, obulamu obusirikitu.Bya Muwanga
Ebikoggona(Vertebrates)

Ebikoggona (Vertebrates)

Okusinziira ku Muwanga , ebikoggona kiva mu kugattika bigambo bya Luganda “ebiramu nga ebikoggo birina”.Bino biramu ebirina enkizi .
Ebikoggote(Invertebrates)

Ebikoggote(Invertebrates)

Ebikoggote kiva mu kugattika bigambo bya Luganda “ebiramu nga ebiramu nga ebikoggo tebiirina”. Bino biba biramu ebitalina nkizi. Bya Muwanga
Okwezaala(Reproduction)

Kyezaala (reproduction)

Buno bwe busobozi okuzaala ebiramu ebito oba ebipya okuyita mu kwegadanga(sexually) kw’ebiramu ebizadde ebibiri oba okutali kwa kwegadanga(asexual)  okubaawo mu kiramu ekyezaalumu kyokka(single parent organism). Bya Muwanga
Omuntu kalimagezi

Omuntu kalimagezi(Homo sapiens)

Ebisigalira by’omuntu kalimagezi ( Homo sapiens ) bya myaaka nga 200,000 egiyise. Omuntu kalimagezi (Homo sapiens) kitegeeza  “omuntu alina obwakalimagezi (intelligent man) era abantu ab’omulembe guno bali mu kikula kino. Omuntu kalimagezi yeeyubula kuva mu muntu omutambuze.( Homo erectus).Okweyubula kuno kusuubirwa okuba nga kwali mu afirika  .
Omuntu omukujjukujju(Homo Habiris)

Omuntu Omukujjukujju( Homo Habiris)

Omuntu omukujjukujju  kitegeeza omuntu alina obwongo obunene(big brain) oba koma erina obwongo obunene . Ebisigalira ebipimiddwa okuba n’emyaka obukadde buibiri bizuuliddwa nga irina obwongo obunene okusinga ebya komowedda(kominids) . manya nti omuntu okuba n’obwongo obunene kyekimusobozesa okubeera kalimagezi kubanga gye bukoma obunene gye bukoma okubaamu ebisenge ebikwanaganya obwa kalimagezi .

Komennene (Homo habiris)  atwalibwa  okuba nga ye muntu eyasooka mu lubu lw’omuntu(genus homo). Homo habiris kitegeeza omuntu eyetoolatoola oba omukujukujju ( “handy human.”) .

Bamemba ba sipiisa eno basobola okukozesa ebikola, ne bazimba aw’okubeera , ne bayiiya n’ebyokwambala era nga baali batambula busimba ku magulu abairi.Komenkujjukujju eteeberezebwa okuba nga ye yaliwo mu biseera by’omulembe gw’amayinja”( Stone Age), ekiseera abantu we baakoera  ebikola(tools) eby’amayinja. Komenkujukujju oluvannyuma yasaanawo n’erekawo Komegenda.
Omuntu omusenguse

Omuntu Omutambuze oba omuntu omusenguse (Homo eructus)

Ekikula ky’omuntu ekyasooka  okwabulira afirika okudda e Bulaaya ne Azia T  kyali  kya Omuntu omutambuze(Homo eructus) . 
Komagenda ye yadda mu kifo kya komenkujukujju . Homegenda yali wa kigero kya muntu ow’omulembe guno era nga yali atambulira ddala bulungi nga yesimbye . Obwongo bwe bwali bunene okusinga obw’ebikula by’omuntu ebyasookawo .

Ebikola bya komagenda byaali bya mulembe okusinga ebya komenkujukujju. Komagenda alabika nga ye yasooka okuyigga n’okukunganyiriza eby’okulya era ateeberezebwa okuba nga kye kikula ky’omuntu ekyasooka okukozesa omuliro. Alabika nga yateekawo n’empuliziganya omuli okuweereza obubaka
1 Gwakutaano

Lunaku Lwabakozi mu nsi yoona. Uganda Elukuza era buli mwaaka, gavumenti entegeka emikolo elukuza.

### Emikolo
Nelson Mandela

**Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela** yali Mukulembeze wa South Africa Eyasoka okuba Omudugavu. Yasimbwa emyaka 27 mukomera olwokuvumirira abazungu or abagwira okufuga bubi South Africa nga bajooga abadugavu.
Ekifumbekero (Acid)

"Ekifumbekero" (Acid)

Omugeye Muwanga Charles akusosootoledde omulamwa gwa "ekifumbekero"(acid).Weetegereze:

(i) Ekifumbekerayidologyeni(hydrogen concentration)

(ii) Ekifumbekero (Acid).

Okiraba nti bwe tusalira omulamwa gwa "ekifumbekerayidologyeni"(hydrogen concentration) tufuna "ekifumbekero:(acid). Mu butuufu singa ekikulukusi(liquid) kiba kifumbekeddemu(having a concentration of)  obuzitoya bwa ayidologyeni(hydrogen molecules), kino kiba "kifumbekero"(acid).Kuno kugaziya makulu(semantic extension).

Ekitali kifumbekero kiba "kijjulungo"(base). Kino kiva mu kusalira kigambo "ekijjulungayidologyeni"(hydrogen dilution).

"Ekipimiso ky'ekifumbekero"(PH Scale). 
Kino kipima bufumbekevu(acidity) bwa kikulukusi(liquid).
Ekijjulungo (Base)

"Ekijjulungo" (Base)

Mu essomabuziba(chemistry) , bwe twogera ku "kifumbekero  n'ekijjulungo" (acid and base)tuba tulaga obufumbekevu(hydrogen concentration, acidity )  oba olujjulungu(hydrogen dilution)  lwa ayidologyeni olubeera mu kikulukusi(liquid).

 "Omugeye Muwanga Charles akusosootoledde omulamwa gwa "obufumbekevu "(acidity).Weetegereze:

(i) Ekijjulungayidologyeni(hydrogen dilution)
(ii) Ekijjulungo(Base).

Okiraba nti bwe tusalira omulamwa gwa "ekijjulungayidologyeni"(hydrogen dilution ) tufuna "ekijjulungo":(base). Mu butuufu singa ekikulukusi(liquid) kiba kirimu ayidologyeni wa lujjulungu(having a low concentration  of hydrogen ) , mu essomabuziba  kiba "kijjulungo"(acid).Kuno kugaziya makulu(semantic extension).

Ekitali kijjulungo(base)  kiba "kifumbekero"(acid). Kino kiva mu kusalira kigambo "ekifumbekerayidologyeni"(hydrogen concentration).

"Ekipimiso ky'ekifumbekero"(PH Scale). 

Kino kipima bufumbekevu(acidity) bwa kikulukusi(liquid).
Munnassomabusirikitu(Microbiologist)

Munnassomabusirikitu (Microbiologist) ye kakensa eyakuguga mu bulamu obusirikitu (microbes oba microorganisms). Obulamu obusirikitu bwe bulamu obusingayo okuba obusirikitu era nga bwe busingayo okuba n’obuzimbe obwangu. Obumu ku bulamu buno nga vayiraasi, bubuusibwabuusibwa oba nga ddala bubalibwa mu biramu nga bwe bisonjolwa
Roubaix

**Roubaix** kye ekibuga mu bukiikakkono bwa Bufalansa, ekisangibwa okumpi n’ensalo ya Bubirigi. Mu mwaka gwa 2013, ekibuga ekirimu abantu nga .

* Omukutu gwaffe ogwa Intaneeti **(fr)**
Bubirigi

**Bubirigi**, oba **Obwakabaka bwa Bubirigi**, kiri ensi mu Bulaaya. Ekibuga ky'ensi ekikulu kiyitibwa Brussels.
Bufalansa

**Bufalansa**, oba **Ripabuliki ya Bufalansa**, ly'eggwanga mu Bulaaya. Ekibuga ky'eggwanga ekikulu kiyitibwa Paris.
Brussels

**Brussels** kye ekibuga kya Bubirigi ekikulu. Ekibuga kyirimu abantu  (2017) era kyekisinga obune mu Bubirigi.
Okulambika ebirowoozo(Inductive reasoning)

Okulambika ebirowoozo(inductive reasoning)  kwetaagisa okulambika ensonga (inductive logic)kuba kunoonya nsonga n'ojijjayo bulungi ku lulwo nga osengeka ebirowoozo.

Okulambika ensonga oba okulowooza nga olambika ensonga mu lungereza kiba “inductive reasoning”. Okuyita mu kukozesa obwongo ng’olambika ensonga, omuntu kalimagezi:

•	Alambika ebirowoozo bye okuva wansi okudda waggulu.

•	Atuuka ku kuvumbula oba okumanya ebipya.

•	Kimusobozesa okuyigiriza abalala okwevumbulira oba okwezuulira okumanya okupya.

•	Okulambika ensonga kitendeka omulengera (the mind) n’okukulaakulanya enkola z’omulengera (mental processes) mu bato nga bayiga okwevumbulira ebipya.
•	Kimwetaagisa okukozesa ensonda ez’enjawulo

Okulambika ensonga oba okukozesa obwongo ng’olambika ebirowoozo (inductive reasoning) kiringa kutema kkubo awatali kkubo kubanga otandika tolina ky’omanyi wabula n’okozesa okwekebejja, okwekenneenya, n’okwefumiitiriza okutuuka ku kipya.

Engeri y’okusomesa oba okuyiga ng’olambika ensonga kiringa kutema kkubo awatali kkubo okutuuka ku kigendererwa (okuzuula ekituufu). Mu kutema ekkubo awatali kkubo mulimu okuyita ku busozi n’ebikko ate awo n’okyusaamu okufuna aw’okuyita awatuufu ate nga buli w’otema ogenda olambawo (olambikawo). Okusomesa okulambika ensonga kiyamba nnyo mu baana abato okukulaakulanya enkozesa z’obwongo bwabwe, naddala okwefumiitiriza n’okwetuukira ku kituufu ku bwabwe.

Okulambika ebirowoozo kitegeeza kuyamba muyizi kwetemera mpenda zituuka ku kumanya ekituufu kwekyo kyonoonyerezaako, ng’okozesa obwongo mu kifo ky’omuntu omulala okukubuulira ye ky’amanyi.

Ekituufu kiri nti abato basinga kuganyulwa mu kubayamba okulambika ensonga, omuli okubayigiriza okwezuulira ekituufu mu kifo ky’okubagamba obugambi nti kino oba kiri kye kituufu kubanga obwongo bwabwe buba bukyaalina obusobozi bwa maanyi.

Mu kinonoozo(engineering) kyetaagisa okunnyonnyoka  n’okunonooza amateeka ga sayansi ez’ensibo (natural sciences)kikusobozese okuzimba  ennyanguyirizi(machines) , ebizimbe, enguudo oba ennongoosereza ezetaagisa. Obutafaanana na kulambulula, okulambika kikolwa kya kwevumbululira (okukwekula) na kukozesa mateeka ga sayansi okuyiiya tekinologia omupya nga okola okunoonyereza eno nga bw’ogenda olambika buli mutendera gw’oyitamu naddaala okukola ennongoosereza mu tekinologiya aliwo oba okuvumbula tekinologiya omupya.
Obugobansonga (Dialectics)

Gakuweebwa Muwanga !! Obugobansonga kitegeeza ky'ekimu n'eggobansonga . Obugobansonga kiraga "enneeyisa ey'okugabensonga (okunoonya amazima oba ekituufu ) . Eggobansonga(Dialectics) kiva mu bigambo bya Luganda "essomo erigoba ensonga".Eggobansonga kwe kukontana okutwala entabaganya mu Maaso.Mu kukubaganya ebirowoozo okugoba ensonga kitegeeza:

   (a) Okunoonya okumanya

   (b) Okunoonya amazima

   (c)Okunoonya    ekituufu

   (d)Okunoonya enjawulo eri mu bifaanagavu n’obumu bw’ebyawukanu

   (e)Okunoonya obumu bw’ebikontana

   (f) Okwekebejja ensonga okuva ku buli ludda oba okuva ku nsonda ez’enjawulo

Eggobansonga(dialectics) n’olwekyo ssomo erikwata ku nsonga ezo waggulu.

(ii) Omugobansonga(Dialectician)

Toyinza kunnyonnyoka mulamwa gwa “ntabaganyabantu”( society) nga tofunye kutegeera  mulamwa gwa ggobansonga (akakwate ak’ensonga akali ku buli kintu n’ekirala mu butonde). Eggobansonga (dialectics) kikwata ku bumu bwa kukontana okuli mu butonde ne mu ntabaganya, ekikuumira buli kintu awamu.
Fakikya (fact)

Okusinziira ku Muwanga , fakikya(fact) kitegeeza mazima(truth) , ekyo ekiriwo ekirabika, oba ensonga(premise).
Ebiwunziko n'ebikubampawa(Inferences and arguments)

Muwanga agamba nti ekikozesabwongo oba okukozesa obwongo(reasoning)  kikolwa kya mulengera (mental activity) eky'enjawulo ekirimu " okujjayo ensonga"(indicating premises) n'okuwunzika  oba okukola ebiwunziko(making inferences).
Sayansi omwekebezzi(Imperical science)

Okusinziira ku Muwanga, sayansi omwekebezzi(empirical science) ye sayansi alimu okweyambisa akalombolombo ka sayansi(the scientific method) mu kwekebejja obutonde oba ekintu kyonna ky'aba yekebejja mu ngeri eya sayansi.
Eby'obutonde

**Obutonde bw’ensi** Ebintu ebiri ku nsi ng’ensolo, ettaka, ebibira, emigga, ensozi, emponko, n’ebirala.
Ekitangaala

**Ekitangaala**

Ekitangaala kitusobozesa okulaba. 

Bannasaayansi batugamba nti ekitangaala kika kya jjengo n’akantu akatono ennyo.
Ekitangaala kitambula ku ssipiidi ya 3 x 108 m/s (mmita buli katikitiki)
Ennyanja Nalubaale

**Nnyanja Nalubaale**

Eno ennyanja esangibwa mu afirika y’ebuvanjuba, mu nsi za Yuganda, Kenya ne Tanzania. 

Ye nnyanja esinga obunene ku ssemazinga Afirika.
Langi

# Kyenvu, (yellow)
# Kyeru, (white)
# Kitaka, (brown)
# Kidugavu, (grey)
# Bbululu, (blue)
# Ppinka, (pink)
# Kiragala, (green)
# Kacungwa, (orange)
# Kimyufu (red)
Omugga Kiira

**Mugga Kiira**

Guno gwe mugga ogusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna (mayiro 4150). 

Guviira ddala mu nnyanja Nalubaale (mu Yuganda) ne gutuuka mu ssemayanja Mediterranean (ku lubalama lwa Misiri).
Abantu

Abantu bwe bungi bwonna obw’abantu obutwalibwa ng’okutwalira awamu. Ekozesebwa mu byobufuzi n’amateeka kigambo ekitegeeza ekibiina oba ekitundu ky’eggwanga, eggwanga, eri abantu bonna oba abantu aba bulijjo ab’ebyobufuzi. Nga bwe kiri ndowooza ya mateeka g’eddembe ly’obuntu, amateeka g’ensi yonna wamu n’amateeka ga ssemateeka naddala agakozesebwa ku kwewozaako kw’obufuzi bw’abantu.

Endowooza Kya mateeka Laba ne: Obufuzi bw’abantu Eddembe Nga Likulembera Abantu nga Eugène Delacroix Essuula Esooka, Ennyingo Esooka ey'Endagaano y'Ekibiina ky'Amawanga Amagatte egamba nti "abantu" balina eddembe okwesalirawo.[1] Newankubadde ng’embeera yokka ng’abantu n’eddembe ly’okwesalirawo, nga okugeza mu mbeera y’abantu enzaalwa (abantu, nga mu bantu bonna ab’abantu enzaalwa, so si bantu enzaalwa bonna bokka nga bwe kiri mu bantu enzaalwa), tekikola mu ngeri ya otomatiki obwetwaze obw’obwetwaze n’olwekyo okwekutula.[2][3] Naddala nga bayita mu ddembe ly’ensi yonna ery’abantu enzaalwa, kyannyonnyolwa abantu kye bakola (e.g. shared culture etc.). Ebya Ssemateeka Republic ya Rooma n’Obwakabaka bwa Rooma byombi byakozesa ekigambo ky’Olulattini Senatus Populusque Romanus, (Senati n’Abantu b’e Rooma). Ekigambo kino kyafuulibwa ekifupi (SPQR) okutuuka ku mutindo gw’amagye g’Abaruumi, era ne bwe baali bamaze okutuuka ku mbeera ey’obufuzi obw’obuntu obw’enjawulo obw’obuntu, baagenda mu maaso n’okukozesa obuyinza bwabwe mu linnya lya Senate n’Abantu b’e Rooma. Ekigambo People’s Republic, ekikozesebwa okuva ku mulembe ogw’oluvannyuma, linnya erikozesebwa amawanga, naddala agakwatagana mu ssemateeka n’engeri y’enfuga ey’obusosoze. Eby’obulamuzi Mu mateeka agafuga emisango, mu bitundu ebimu, emisango givunaanibwa mu linnya ly’Abantu. Amasaza ga U.S. agawerako, omuli California, Illinois, ne New York, gakozesa omusono guno.[4] Ebijuliziddwa ebweru w'obuyinza obwogerwako bitera okukyusa erinnya ly'eggwanga mu kifo ky'ebigambo "Abantu" mu bigambo by'omusango.[5] Amasaza ana — Massachusetts, Virginia, Pennsylvania, ne Kentucky — geeyita Commonwealth mu bigambo ebikwata ku misango n’enkola y’amateeka. Amasaza amalala, nga Indiana, gatera okweyita Gavumenti mu bigambo by’emisango n’enkola y’amateeka. Ebweru wa Amerika, emisango mu Ireland ne Philippines givunaanibwa mu mannya g’abantu b’amasaza gaabwe. Endowooza y’ebyobufuzi eri wansi w’enkola eno eri nti okuvunaanibwa emisango kuleetebwa mu linnya lya sovereign; bwe kityo, mu masaza gano aga U.S., "abantu" basalirwa omusango okuba abafuzi, ne bwe kiba nga mu Bungereza n'ebitundu ebirala ebyesigamye ku Nnamulondo ya Bungereza, okuvunaanibwa emisango mu ngeri entuufu kuleetebwa mu linnya ly'Engule. "Abantu" balaga omubiri gwonna ogwa bannansi ab'obuyinza abateekeddwamu obuyinza bw'ebyobufuzi oba abakuŋŋaanyiziddwa olw'ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi.[6]
Kabegyi

## Kabegyi
Tufuna ebiriisa ""vitamini""A,C, ne kalisiyamu okuva mu Kabegyi era emanyiddwa nga emboga. Ebiriisa bino byona  byetagibwa mu mubiri gyaffe. Emboga zamugaso nnyo, zilongoosa embuto zaffe.
^ref:uganda@viagroforestry.org/^
Endiisa y'ebisolo

## Endiisa y'ebisolo
Okuliisa ekisolo kyonna nga mwotwalidde enkoko, embizzi, ente,embuzi nebirala, bwetuba  tuliisa ensolo ezo, tulina  okuziwa emmere n'enva.  Bino wamanga  by'otwala ng'emmere ate era  ne by'otwala okuba enva.
Emmere tutwaliramu:
#omuddo ogw'essubi.
#Kyakyu.
#Ebiwata by'amatooke.
Ate mu enva, tutwaliramu bino:
#Ebibowabowa.
#Ensigo za pamba
Emmere n'enva bibeera ne kipimo. Emmere y'esinga obungi olwokukusa ensolo. Enva zo nga ntonotono olwokusobozesa ekisolo okuwoomerwa emmere gyekiridde.
^ref:wwf/lvceep/^
Ebifaananyampandiika(Homographs)

Okusinziira ku Muwanga Charles, mu kitabo kye "essomamakulu(Semantics)", "ebifaananyampandiika"(homographs) bye bigambo ebiwandiikibwa mu ngeri y'emu naye ng'ate amakulu gabyo si gegamu.
Ebyawukanyanjatula(Heterophones)

Okusinziira ku Muwanga Charles mu kitabo kye "Essomamakulu(Semantics)", "ebyawukanyanjatula"(Heterophons) bye bigambo ebiwandiikibwa mu ngeri y'emu naye nga enjatula za njawulo.
Ennanda y'amakulu(Lexical relations)

Okusinziira ku Muwanga Charles Mu kitabo kye "Essomamakulu(Semantics)", "ennanda y'amakulu"(lexical relations)kikwata ku kulaga engeri  ebigambo gye bikwataganamu mu makulu , empandiika, enjatula, oba okwawukana mu makulu, empandiika n'enjatula. Ennada y'amakulu .
Ebifaananyanjatula(Homophones)

Okusinziira ku Muwanga Charles mu kitabo kye "Essomamakulu (Semantics)", "ebifaananyanjatula"(Homophones)  bye bigambo ebirina enjatula y'emu naye ate nga empandiika n'amakulu bya njawulo.
Ebifaananyamakulu(Synonyms)

Okusinziira ku Muwanga Charles mu kitabo kye "Essomamakulu"(Semantics), ebifaananyamakulu(synonyms) bye bigambo nga birina empandiika za njawulo naye ng'amakulu ge gamu oba nga galiraaniganye nnyo.
Ekirandiro(the root of a word)

Okusinziira ku Muwanga Charles mu kitabo kye "Essomamakulu"(Semantics), "ekirandiro"(the root of a word)  ky'ekitundu ky'ekigambo ekisigalawo nga okikekejjuddeko akawango akasookeso (prefix) n'akawango akavannyuma(suffix).Ekirandiro era oyinza okukiyita "ekimerukiro"(stem).
Ekimerukiro (the stem of a word)

Okusinziira ku Muwanga Charles mu kitabo kye "Essomamakulu(Semantics), "ekimerukiro"(the stem of a word) ky'ekigambo nga okikekejjuddeko "akawango akasookeso"(prefix) n'akawango "akavannyuma"(suffix).Ekimerukiro ky'ekigambo era oyinza okukiyita ekirandiro ky'ekigambo.
Essomabuzimba = Essomabuziba(Chemistry)

Okusinziira ku Muwanga Charles mu kitabo kye "Essomabuzimba(Chemistry), essomabuzimba ly'essomo erikwata ku butoffaali obusirikitu obuyitibwa "obuzimba" oba "obuziba" (atoms) ,  n'engeri gye bwegatta mu bipooli by'enkyusabuziba(chemical compounds)okuzimba ebintu eby'enjawulo, ebiramu n'ebitali biramu.Essomabuzimba n'essomabuziba bifaananyamakulu(are synonyms).