Okusegeera (sense Perception)

Okusinziira ku muzimbi w'emiramwa gya sayansi egy'oluganda Charles Muwanga,waliwo akakwate akatasattululwa (dialectic relationship) wakati w'emiramwa "okusegeera"(sesne perception) , okusenserwa oba ensenserwo(sensation), ne  "okutegeera"(understanding).

Okusegeera – Perception-. Kino era kiyitibwa  okusenserwa kw'enketteso (sense perception). Kitegeeza okutegeera okuyita  mu sensa oba enketteso z'omubiri ettaano .Okusenserwa kw'enketteso  oba okusegeera kwe kutegeera oba okumanya kw’ebintu okuyita mu nketteso y’okulaba , enketteso y’okuwulira, enketteso y’okukwatako ,enketteso  ey'okuwunyiriza n’enketteso ey'okulegako.

Enketteso  ey’okulaba eri  mu maaso, ey’okuwulira mu matu, ey’okukwatako ku lususu , ey’okuwunyiriza mu nnyindo , n’eyokulegako ku lulimi. N’olwekyo okusenserwa  okwomutendera ogusooka kuleetebwawo enketteso  zino ettaano . Okusenserwa kikolwa ekisobozesa ebimu ku bikolwa ebigerekere(instinctive acts) ng’okulaba, okulya, okwewulira kw’omubiri gamba ng’okuwulira obulumi  n’ okunyumirwa .

Okusenserwa okw’omutendera ogw’okubiri kwe kuba kwekuusiza ku bumanyirivu mu kintu ; kuno kuyitibwa "kusegeera"(perception). Omuntu ayinza okusenserwa oba okusegeera embeera y’ebyenfuna , ebyobufuzi, obutonde bw’ensi , n’ebirala si lwa kukozesa sensa zokka wabula olw’obumanyirivu  bw’alina ku kintu.

Mu kwogera okwa bulijjo okusenserwa kitegeeza kye kimu n’okusegeera ,ekitegeeza  obusobozi enketteso z'omubiri gye zikusobozesa, okuwunyiriza ,okusenserwa obulumi oba okunyumirwa, okulaba , okuwulira okukutuusa ku kutegeera(understanding)

Okusenserwa kyekusiza ku nkola y’okufuna okutegeera oba okumanya okuyita mu nketteso z'omubiri(body senses). Ekisobozesa omuntu okufuna okumanya kuno kiva mu mulengera ne sensa ettaano ; mulengera alengeza buli sensa ekyagigerekerwa  . Buli sensa erina ekyagigerekerwa ; sensa eyokutunula kyagikerekerwa kulaba, endala ye sensa eyokuwunyiriza, ey’okulega , ey’okuwulira, ey’okukwatako  kwewulira kwa mubiri. 

Omuntu kyasenserwa  kiba n’ekimusikiriza oba ekikisitimula (stimulus). Ekisikiriza/ekisitimula okulaba kutunula, okuwunyiriza kuwunya, okuwuliriza bivuga oba kwogera, okwewulira kw’omubiri bunnyogovu, kwokya, kunyumirwa oba bulumi.

Ate era omuntu ayinza okusenserwa  ekintu olw’obumanyirivu n’ebyo byayiseemu emabega , omuli n’obuwangwa oba ebyobuwangwa bye n’engeri gy’ataputamu ekyo  ekimusensedde .Kuno kuiyitibwa kusegeera.

Okusegeera ekifuulannenge 

Buno buba buzibu bwa kusenserwa.

Okusenserwa kutuwa okumanya ebikwata ku nsi ey’ebweru w’emibiri gyaffe nga bweeri. Kyokka olwa ensonga emu oba endala wajjawo obuzibu okuba ng’ebitundu by’omubiri gyaffe ebikwatibwako kukusensula okwenjawulo bifuna okubuzibwabuzibwa okuva mu bwongo ebintu ne oba ne tubiraba kifuulanenge(irlusion).

 "Okusenserwakifuulannenge" (illusion) buzibu bwa kusenserwa mu kulaba era omuntu akitegeererawo nti olw’ensonga emu oba endala ekintu akirabye kifuulannenge. Ekintu ekirabika kifuulannenge kiba kyekyo kye nnyini kyokka naye ne kirabika mu ngeri ya njawulo .Ekyokulabirako:

•	Ekisenge ekyeru mu langi eya kyenvu kirabika ng’ekya kyenvu. Oyo kifuulannenge wa langi(Colour illusion).

•	Eky’okunywa ekiwoomerera kiyinza okulega ng’ekikaawa singa oli aba y'akamala okulya ekintu ekiwoomerera okusingawo.Ekyo ky'ekifuulanenge kya kulega(illusion of taste).

•	Ekivuga ekyempolampola kiyinza okuwulikika ng’ekireekana singa kiba kumpi nnyo n’omuntu. Oyo kifuulannenge kya bivuga(illusion of sound).

Ate "ekirabampewo" (hallucination) buba buzibu buva ku bwongo omuntu naaba nga atunula naye nga kyagamba nti kyalaba mu butuufu si kye kiriwo. Omuntu alabye ekintu kifuulannenge atera okutegeera nti ekyo kyalabye si bwekirina okubeera olw’obumanyirivu kyokka oyo alaba empewo tamanya nti kyalabye tekiriiwo. Abanywi b’enjaga ne balujuuju batera nnyo okufuna obuzibu bw’okulaba empewo . Okulaba empewo tekitegeeza nti olaba mpewo naye kitegeeza nti obwongo bwo bukulaga ekintu ekitaliiwo olwokukyankalanyizibwa omwenge, enjaga, oba obulwadde. 

Okulaba empewo tekiba kulaba muzimu wabula kiva ku kukyankalana kwa bwongo bwa muntu olw’ensonga z’okukyankalana kw’ensegekera y’obwongo oba olw’okukyakankalana kwa mukolabulamu(metabolism).

Tusegeera ki ?
   (What do we perceive?)

Kakwate ki akali mu bintu mu bbyo mwennyini, engeri gyetubisensulamu n’okutegeera kwaffe? Okutegeera  tekuva mu birowoozo byaffe ebireetebwawo ensensula yaffe ?

Ebisitimuko n’ekisegeerwa

Okusegeera kakuubagano wakati w’ensi mwe tuli okugezaako okukaka ekiriwo(actuality) ku ffe naffe okugezaako okutegeera ekiriwo mu ndowooza yaffe. Okusegeera kuba kugwisa bwenyi wakati w’ekiriwo wabweru wa’emibiri ne mulengera waffe omuli obusobozi n’enkula. Buli ekikwatagana na kino nga kirina amaanyi okusitimula sensa zaffe(gamba nga ebivuga, ebbugumu, embeera etc).

Ekisitimuko (stimulus) kisikiriza obujji bw'enketteso(sensory receptors) zaffe okuyita mu muyitiro(medium) nga amayengo g’amaloboozi/ebivuga (sound waves) bwe gayita mu nampewo oba ebbugumu bwe liyita mu nkalubo(solid). Ekisitimuko  n’ekitambuza oba omudomo   byawuka okuva ku nsensula emu okudda ku ndala.

Ensitimulo bwewerezebwa eri obujji bwa sensa bwaffe, ekyusibwa n’etaputwa  ensengekera y’obusimu(neurological system) ey’omubiri  mu nkola  ey’amasanyalaze . Amakubo g’obusimu(neural  paths) ag’enjawulo  gawereza lizaati okuva mu bujji bwa sensa okudda  mu kifo ekiri mu bwongo.

Ekituwerezebwa nga ekisitimula kiyinza okwawukana ku kyetufuna(ekitutuukako) kubanga omudomo ogw’ebweru guyinza okukyusa ekisitimula ng’amazzi bwe gakyuusa eddoboozi(ekivuga) oba wayinza obutabaawo mudomo kukiweereza ; ekyokulabirako amaloboozi tegasobola kuyita mu kyangaala(vacuum). Ekiwerezebwa eri obujji bwa sensa zaffe tekisobola kuyitamu bulambalamba okugenda mu bwongo. Tusobola kufunako kitundu ky’ebivuga, ebiwunya n’amaanyikasoboza aga ladiyo(radiant energy). 

Omugendo gw’obubaka (message) lutandikira na kisitimula (stimulus), okudda ku muyitiro (medium) okuyita mu bumooli bwa sensa (sensory receptors) okuyita mu *busimu(nueral transmission) okutuuka ku bwongo. Ekituuka mu bwongo bwaffe tekitera kubeera ekyo kyennyini ekiri wabweeru. N’olwekyo okulowooza nti kyetusensudde bwe kiri (realism) kiyinza obutabaayo. Ebituuka mu bwongo olumu si byetusegeera olw’okuba waliwo okukugira kw’obuwangwa . 

Enjawulo wakati w’Okusegeera n’okusenserwa

Okusegeera n’okusenserwa biwulikika ng’ebitegeeza ekintu kye kimu kyokka bya njawulo yadde buli kimu kirina akakwate ku kirala.  Ensegeero(perceptions) kwe kutegezebwa(information) kwe tufuna okuva mu nketteso  zaffe ez'omubiri n’engeri okutegeezebwa kuno gye kuwerezebwaamu mu bwongo bwaffe okutaputwa(for interpretation).  Okusegeera ku ludda olulala kitegeeza kutaputa(interpretation) kutegeezebwa okufunibwa mu kusenserwa oba ensenserwo(sensations) , okukifuna mu mulengera(mental recognition) ,n’okubifuula ebirowoozo byaffe . Ate era okusegeera ekintu oba tonnatuuka ku kukitegeera. 

Ensenserwo(sensations) zinnyonyolwa nga  engeri ey’ekimpowooze(passive) y’okuyingiza okumanya okuva mu mbeera ekwetoolodde okudda mu mubiri okutuuka mu bwongo. Ate okusegeera kitegeeza enkola etali ya kimpowooze(active) ey’okulondamu, okuteekateeka n’okutaputa ebimanyiddwa ebituuse mu bwongo okuyita mu sensa.

Okusegeera  kitegeeza engeri ebintu hye birabika , obutuufu bw’ebintu. Oli bw’aggamba nti gezaako okuteeka ebintu mu kusegeera(to put things into perspective)  aba ategeeza kutumuulira nsonga oba ekintu  nga bwe kiri(from a realistic point of view).

Okusegeera kintu kya kinnoomu(personal)  era y’engeri gy’olabamu ensonga oba ekintu. Oyinza okutunuulira omuti n’ogulaba mu ngeri emu ate omulala n’agutunuulira n’agulaba mu ngeri ya njawulo nnyo. Ng’ojjeeko obulwadde bw’obwongo obutera okuleeta kino , amaaso gaffe gayinza okulaba ebintu mu ngeri ey’enjawulo okuva bwe biri ;ekyokulabirako kwe kubuzibwabuzibwa kw’endabika(optical irlusions). Ekituufu kiyinza okuba nti obusittale bwonna obuli mu kifaananyi bwenkanankana kyokka engeri gyebuteereddwa mu kifaananyi etuleetera okulaba ng’obumu obunenen okusinga ku bulala.

Ensenserwo(Sensation)  ebaawo nga:

•	Ebitundu by’omubiri ebiketta (sensory organs) biyingiza amasoboza okuva ku sitimula okusangibwa  wabweru w’omubiri.

•	Obujji oba enkufuna z'esenserwo(sensory organs/receptors) bukyusa amasoboza gano okugazza mu biyitiro by'obusimu (sensory impulses) obubuweererza ku bwongo.

Mu kusegeera(Perception):

•	Obwongo buteekateeka ebimanyiddwa ne bubitaputa okujjamu ekintu ekitegeerekeka; ekivaamu okutegeera.

•	Ekintu ekitegeerekeka kikwata ku ki ?  Omanya otya nti okumanya kw’ofunye kwa makulu okuteekeko essira?

(iii)	Okussa omutima ku kintu. Abantu abali mu kereziya balina okuteeka omutima ku mubuulizi byayogera kyokka abo abayita ku kereziya bo tebafa ku ki mubuulizi ky’ayogera kyokka bayinza okuteeka ebirowoozo ku mubuulizi w’enjiri oba ku ndabika ya kereziya.

(iv)	Okusegeera olw’obumanyirivu. Ekyokulabirako oyinza okutunuulira ekifaananyi oli kyakubye n’olemwa okutegeera amakulu agakirimu kyokka oli bwakunyonyola otandika okulaba ebintu mu kifanayi ekyo bye wabadde tosobola kulaba okusooka. Ekirala  bwoba mu Uganda n’olaba ekintu ekiwanvu kyebazinze mu lubugo ofuna okusegeera nti gwandiba omulambo kyokka omuntu ali mu nsi mwebatakozesa mbugo ayinza okubuzaabuzibwa ekintu ekiri mu lubugo olwo.