Abu Mayanja

**Abubaker Kakyama Mayanja** (Yazaalibwa Ogwomunaana 1929 – nga 4 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2005) ye yali Ssabawandiisi wa Uganda National Congress party eyasooka, ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekyasookera ddala mu Uganda ekyatandikibwa Ignatius K. Musaazi nga 6 Ogwokusatu 1952. Yafuuka Ssabawandiisi eyasooka ow'ekibiina kya UNC mu buvubukaabwe era nga tannatikkirwa ku Makerere University College, oluvannyuma eyafuuka Yunivasite y'e Makerere. Abu Mayanja yayamba Musaazi okubaga ssemateeka w'ekibiina ki Uganda National Congress party. Abu yali mulwanirizi w'ameefuga mu Uganda ne Afirika, Omukiise ow'amanyi mu palamenti eyali tayagalira ddala kitwatagana na butali bwenkanya. Yali ttoffaali ly'amanyi mu by'obufuzi bya Uganda nga omukugu mu kubaga ssemateeka , omubaka wa palamenti eyeegombesa, minisita wa gavumenti enfunda nnyingi era omukugu mu mateeka. Ebimuwandiikibwako mu ''Tribune'' magazine, *Transition*, *[[:en:Uganda_Argus|Uganda Argus]]* n'empapula z'amawulire ga ''New Vision'' byali birungi era nga biweebwa ekitiibwa.

## Obuto bwe n'emirimu
Abu Mayanja yazaalibwa mu 1929 omwami Abdalla Waswa Kambuga Kakyama n'omukyala Mariantonia Kayaga. Kitaawe  Abdalla yali ava ku kyalo Buga (Ziba, okuliraana Ngogwemu disitulikiti y'e Mukono mu Uganda). Nyina Mariantonia ye yali wa ku bizinga by'e Buvuma. Kitaawe yali mulimi nga musajja musiraamu. Ye nnyina yali mukyala mukulisitaayo.

Abu Mayanja  yeesukkulumya mu by'enjigiriza nga tafudde ku bisoomoza ebyeyolekera mu maka gaabwe wadde yali yava mu maka maavu. Nnyina Mariantonia yamuyigiriza okusoma n'okuwandiika  ng'amukubiriza okusoma amawulire amakadde agaali nga gakozesebwa okusiba kabalagala. Ku ssomero, yabuuka siniya eyookusatu naagenda mu siniya eyookuna, amagezi ge n’enkolagana ye n’ebiwandiiko eyali yeeyongera buli kiseera byali bimusukkulumiza nnyo okusinga banne. Yali musajja mugezi era yatuula  ebibuuzo bye ebya siniya eyoomukaaga ku Old Kampala Senior Secondary School mu 1949. Mu bibuuzo eby'akamalirizo eby'ekibiina eky'omusanvu, yafuna obubonero obw'okuntikko; buno bwe bwali obubonero obwali bukyasinga mu ggwanga lyonna mu kiseera ekyo.

Abu Mayanja yagenda ku King's College Budo mu 1944 nga D.G. R. Herbert ye mukulu w'essomero, era yasulanga mu kisulo kya England. Apollo Kironde yali omu ku basomesa be ku King's College Budo. Abu yagenda ku Makerere University College mu  1950 okusoma  Olungereza, ebiwandiiko, ebyafaayo n'okubala. Nga ali e Makerere yali musunsuzi w'amawulire aga *The Current News* era nga muwandiisi w'akakiiko akakulembera abayizi.

## Okuva e Makerere okudda ku yunivasite y'e Cambridge
Abu Mayanja yagobwa mu Makerere University College mu 1952 olwo kubanga ye ne banne beemulugunya ku mmere gye baali babafumbira era ne batandika n'okwekalakaasa. Nga akyasimbye amakanda ku mirimu gy'ekibiina ki UNC, Abu Mayanja yafaayo okulaba nga addamu okusoma.

Okutuukiriza ebirooto bye eby'okusoma, Abu yasaba obuyambi okuva mu basomesa be ku Makerere University College; ku bbo kwaliko, Professor A. G. Warner, Dr Kenneth Ingham ne  Bernard Debansin. Bonna bakkiriza nti kijja kuba kya buswavu eri Uganda singa Abu Mayanja, omuvubuka omuto omugezi tamaliriza misomo gye egya yunivasite. Baamusemba amalirize emisomo gye.

N'okusalawo kuno okwomugundu, ensonga yatwalibwa Abu Mayanja eri Latima Mpagi, eyali omukungu w'e Mengo mu biseera ebyo. Kabaka, Sir Edward Mutesa II, ensonga ya Abu Mayanja yagiyitiramu  omufuzi wa matwale Sir Andrew Cohen. We byamutuukirako, Sir Andrew Cohen yali anaatera okugenda e London okuwummulamu era nga ali e London yakolera Abu Mayanja enteekateeka okugenda ku Yunivasite y'e Cambridge. Sir Edward Mutesa II ne Sir Andrew Cohen baali bankizo mu kweyongerayo kw'emisomo gya  Abu Mayanja okumaliriza diguli ye esooka.  Abu Mayanja eyali omugezi era alina obusobozi yaweebwa omukisa okuddamu okusoma ku yunivasite y'ensi yonna eyimiridde.

## Omulwanirizi w'ameefuga
Oluvannyuma lw'okukkirizibwa okusomera mu Yunivasite y'e Cambridge, Abu yalina okutoloka amangu okugenda mu kibuga London olw'ekifo kye mu by'obufuzi. Yali atiisibwatiisibwa okusibibwa abafuzi baamatwale. Yali mu Bungereza okuva 1953 okutuusa 1959. Nga akyali muyizi mu Cambridge University (King's), gyeyasomera ebyafaayo, Abu Mayanja yakiika mu Lukiiko lwa Abafirika bonna olwasooka olwategekebwa mu kibuga Accra, Ghana wakati wa nga 5 –13 Ogwekkumineebiri 1958. Olukungaana lwategekebwa Kwame Nkrumah ne lukulemberwa Tom Mboya. Olukungaana lwe lwaleetawo ekibiina ky'Omukago gw'Amawanga ga Afirika Amagatte (OAU) oluvannyuma ekyafuuka eky'Omukago gwa Afirika (AU).

Abu Mayanja yasisinkana Abaddugavu bangi mu kibuga London abaali banoonya ameefuga mu nsi zaabwe ez'enjawulo. Yawandiika ebiwandiiko ebiwerako ebyafulumizibwa mu Tribune magazine. Yalwanirira ameefuga ga Uganda wamu ne Afirika okuva mu bufuzi bw'amatwale. Abu Mayanja ye musiraamu eyasooka mu Uganda okufuna diguli.

## UNC eyawukanamu ebuwayi
Ekibiina ki Uganda National Congress Party  kyayawukanamu ebiwayi Abu Mayanja  bwe yali agenze mu Bungereza. Bweyakomawo nga 30 Ogwokutaano 1959, ng'amaze okufuna diguli ye esooka okuva ku Yunivasite y'e Cambridge, n'okusoma amateeka (The Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn – okuva Ogwekkumi 1955 okutuuka  Ogwomukaaga 1957); n'oluvannyuma lw'okukolako mu ofiisi ya munnamateeka Roland Brown, Abu Mayanja yasanga ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ki UNC tekikyaliwo. Yagenda mu Amerika okusoma ku bukulembeze era yakomawo mu Uganda mu Gwokubiri 1960.

## Minisita wa gavumenti ya Buganda
Mu  1961 Abu Mayanja  yalondebwa okubeera minisita w'eby'enjigiriza mu gavumenti ya Buganda. Yeetaba mu lukungaana lwa  Lancaster House mu London nga Uganda tennafuna meefuga okuva ku Bungereza nga 9 Ogwekkumi 1962.  Abu Mayanja  yawummula mu Gwokuna 1964 oluvannyuma lwa sipiika, Omwami Eriasafi Kalule eyamuvvoola mu Lukiiko (palamenti ya Buganda). Wabula oluvannyuma yalondebwa olukiiko okubeera omukiise mu palamenti mu Gwomwenda 1964 oluvannyuma lwa Jimmy Simpson okuwummula ng'omukiise wa Kyaggwe owa bukiikakkono obw'obuvanyuba.

## Ssemateeka wa 1962
Abu Mayanja yali omu ku baalondebwa okukiikirira Uganda mu lukungaana lw'ameefuga mu1962. Yaweebwa obuvunaanyizibwa obwakalabalaba bw'okuteekesa mu nkola ssemateeka wa 1962 mu Buganda, era yali avunaanyizibwa ku kussa ssemateeka wa Buganda mu ssemateeka wa Uganda omukulu.

## Omusango gw'okukuma mu bantu omuliro
Mu Gwekkumi 1968, oluvannyuma lw'okukuba ebituli mu ssemateeka wa 1967 mu Transition Magazine (Ogwokuna 1968); ekyanyiiza gavumenti eyaliko, Abu Mayanja yasibibwa era naavunaanwa okukuma mu bantu omuliro. Mu kiseera ekyo, yali yakawasa mukyalawe asooka, Hadija. Abu yaggyibwako emisango gino kyokka amangu ago n’addamu okukwatibwa mu Kkooti wansi w’obuyinza obw’amangu obw’okusiba abantu obwali bukola mu kiseera ekyo. Amnesty International yamutwala nga omusibe ayawula ekituufu ku kikyamu. Yamala emyaka 2 mu kkomera e Luzira, nga tali na mukyala we Hadija, okutuusa 1970 bweyateebwa.

## "Gavumenti ya sipiidi ey'ekizungirizi"
Abu Mayanja yalondebwa Idi Amin okubeera minisita w'ebyenjigiriza mu 1971, naye nga 30 Ogekkuminoogumu 1972 ye wamu ne baminista ba gavumenti abalala baggyibwa ku mirimu gy'obwa minista, mu biseera ebyo yali minisita w'abakozi. Baminista ba gavumenti abalala abaagobwa mwalimu: Pulofeesa William B. Banage, Apollo Kironde, ne Yekosefati Engur. Mukunnyonnyola ensonga eyabagobya, Idi Amin yagamba ba minista bano nti baali tebasobola kukwatagana na gavumenti ye kubanga yali eddukira ku misinde gya kizungirizi “supersonic speed”.

Yayitibwa n'era okubaako emirimu emirala egy'omugaso gyakola. Mu 1972 Abu Mayanja yatuuza olukiiko olwateekateeka okuzza omubiri gwa Ssekabaka Sir Edward Mutesa II okuva e London, gye yali yafiira mu 1969, okudda e Uganda. Mu 1986 Abu Mayanja yafuuka omuwoleleza wa gavumenti era omumyuka wa ssabaminisita ku bukulembeze bwa Yoweri Kaguta Museveni.

## Lungujja
Obulamu bwe obusinga  Abu Mayanja  yabeeranga  Lungujja, okuliraana  Mengo, ng'ojjeeko ebiseera byeyamalai e Bungereza  ng'asoma ne mu buwangaanguse e Kenya, ne bweyali asibiddwa mu 1960 olw'okuwandiika eggulire ku ssemateeka wa Uganda owa 1967. Yabonabona mu biseera by'abafuzi baamatwale era yasibwako enfunda ntono; era omulundi ogumu ogujjukirwa yali  Mwalimu Julius Nyerere, pulezidenti wa Tanzania omugenzi, eyasasulira omutango ateebwe.

## Omusingi gwa Abu Mayanja
Omusingi gwa  Abu Mayanja gwajukirwanga omusomi era omuwandiisi w'ebyobufuzi Pulofeesa Ali Mazrui nga 30 Ogwomusanvu 2007 ku Rwenzori Ball Room, ku wooteri ya Sheraton mu Kampala. Pulofeesa Mazrui yabeerako era yakolerako mu Uganda mu biseera eby'edda. Yali ku Yunivasity y'e Makerere okuva mu 1965 okutuusa mu 1973 nga akulira essomo lya sayansi w'ebyobufuzi, era nga akulira abayizi ku ssomero lya sayansi w'embeera z'abantu okuva mu 1967–1969. Olunaku lw'okumujjukira olwategekebwa Pulofeesa Ali Mazrui lwatuumiba  *"Between Secular Activism and Religious Observance – Abu Mayanja and Africa's Triple Heritage"*.

## Ebijuliziddwa