open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ethiopia

**Ethiopia**, ggwanga mu Afirika. Ekibuga ky'ensi ekikulu kiyitibwa Addis Ababa.
* Awamu: 1.104.300 km²
* Abantu: 99.465.819 (2015)
* Ekibangirizi n'abantu: 82.58/km²
Gambia

**Gambia**, ggwanga mu Afirika. Ekibuga ky'ensi ekikulu kiyitibwa Banjul.
* Awamu: 10.689 km²
* Abantu: 1.882.450 (2013)
* Ekibangirizi n'abantu: 176.1/km²
Guinea

**Guinea**, ggwanga mu Afirika. Ekibuga ky'ensi ekikulu kiyitibwa Conakry.
* Awamu: 245.836 km²
* Abantu: 12.877.894 (2021)
* Ekibangirizi n'abantu: 47.3/km²
Guinea-Bissau

**Guinea-Bissau**, ggwanga mu Afirika. Ekibuga ky'ensi ekikulu kiyitibwa Bissau.
* Awamu: 36.125 km²
* Abantu: 1.693.398 (2014)
* Ekibangirizi n'abantu: 44.1/km²
Ivory Coast

**Ivory Coast** (**Côte d'Ivoire**), ggwanga mu Afirika. Ekibuga ky'ensi ekikulu kiyitibwa Yamoussoukro.
* Awamu: 322.463 km²
* Abantu: 26.378.274 (2020)
* Ekibangirizi n'abantu: 63.9/km²
Lesotho

**Lesotho** ggwanga mu Afirika. Ekibuga ky'ensi ekikulu kiyitibwa Maseru.

* Awamu: 30,355 km2
* Abantu: 2,203,821 (2016)
Liberiya

**Liberia** ggwanga mu Afirika. Ekibuga ky'ensi ekikulu kiyitibwa Monrovia.

* Awamu: 111,369 km2
* Abantu: 4,503,000 (2015)
Libya

""Libya"" nsi mu Africa Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Libya ye Tripoli, Libya eri ku nsalo ne Gaza Strip.

* Awamu: 1,759,541 km2
* Abantu: 6,293,253 (2016)
Madagascar

**Madagascar** ggwanga mu Afirika. Ekibuga ky'ensi ekikulu kiyitibwa Antananarivo.

* Awamu: 587,041 km2
* Abantu: 24,894,551 (2016)
Mali

**Mali** ggwanga mu Afirika. Ekibuga ky'ensi ekikulu kiyitibwa Bamako.

* Awamu: 1,240,192 km2
* Abantu: 19,553,397 (2020)
Mauritius

**Mauritius** ggwanga mu Afirika. Ekibuga ky'ensi ekikulu kiyitibwa Port Louis.
* Awamu: 2.040 km²
* Abantu: 1.262.132 (2016)
* Ekibangirizi n'abantu: 618/km²
Morocco

**Morocco** ggwanga mu Afirika. Ekibuga ky'ensi ekikulu kiyitibwa Rabat.
* Awamu: 710.850 km²
* Abantu: 33.848.242 (2014)
* Ekibangirizi n'abantu: 73/km²
Mozambique

**Mozambique** ggwanga mu Afirika. Ekibuga ky'ensi ekikulu kiyitibwa Maputo.
* Awamu: 801.590 km²
* Abantu: 28.829.476 (2016)
* Ekibangirizi n'abantu: 28,7/km²
Namibia

**Namibia** ggwanga mu Afirika. Ekibuga ky'ensi ekikulu kiyitibwa Windhoek.
* Awamu: 825.615 km²
* Abantu: 3.092.816 (2025)
* Ekibangirizi n'abantu: 3,7/km²
Niger

**Niger** ggwanga mu Afirika. Ekibuga ky'ensi ekikulu kiyitibwa Niamey.
* Awamu: 1.267.000 km²
* Abantu: 23.000.000 (2021)
* Ekibangirizi n'abantu: 12,1/km²
Nigeria

**Nigeria** ggwanga mu Afirika. Ekibuga ky'ensi ekikulu kiyitibwa Abuja.
* Awamu: 923.768 km²
* Abantu: 185.989.640 (2016)
* Ekibangirizi n'abantu: 197,2/km²
Rwanda

**Rwanda** ggwanga mu Afirika. Ekibuga ky'ensi ekikulu kiyitibwa Kigali.
* Awamu: 26.338 km²
* Abantu: 11.262.564 (2015)
* Ekibangirizi n'abantu: 445/km²
São Tomé and Príncipe

**São Tomé and Príncipe** ggwanga mu Afirika. Ekibuga ky'ensi ekikulu kiyitibwa São Tomé.
* Awamu: 1.001 km²
* Abantu: 
210.240 (2020)
* Ekibangirizi n'abantu: 187,17/km²
Senegal

**Senegal** ggwanga mu Afirika. Ekibuga ky'ensi ekikulu kiyitibwa Dakar.
* Awamu: 196.712 km²
* Abantu: 15.411.614 (2016)
* Ekibangirizi n'abantu: 68,7/km²
Seychelles

**Seychelles** ggwanga mu Afirika. Ekibuga ky'ensi ekikulu kiyitibwa Victoria.
* Awamu: 459 km²
* Abantu: 94.228 (2016)
* Ekibangirizi n'abantu: 186,2/km²
Chia

**Chia** kirime ekijjudde emigaso eri obulamu bwaffe okusingira dda ekirime kino kyewunyisa nti ensigo zakyo osobola okuziteka mu ma mazzi amafumbe nonywa nabwekityo osobola okula olunaku lulamba nga towulira njala.
Kiruhura

**Kiruhura**, ekibuga mu Kiruhura mu Yuganda.
* Abantu: 14.300 (2012)

## Ekifo wekisangibwa

Kiruhura ekunukiriza , ku luguudo, mu bukiikakkono bw’obuvanjuba bwa Mbarara, ekibuga ekisinga obunene mu kitundu kya Ankole .  Kikunukiriza , ku luguudo, mu bukiikaddyo bw’amaserengeta ga Kampala, ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Uganda. Ensengeka z'ekibuga kino ku maapu ziri 0°12'53.0"S, 30°46'12.0"E (Latitude:-0.214709; Longitude:30.769999).

## Obungi bw'antu

Mu mwaka gwa 2002, okubala abantu mu ggwanga lyonna kwalaga nti omuwendo gw’abantu mu kibuga kino gwali nga 10,240. Mu mwaka gwa 2010, ekitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku bibalo ekya Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) kyabalirira nekitebereza nti abantu bano baali 13,500. Mu mwaka gwa 2011, UBOS yabalirira era netebereza nti omuwendo gw’abantu mu makkati g’omwaka gwali 14,000. https://lg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=specialcontribute&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=draft&from=en&to=lg&page=Kiruhura%2C%20Uganda&section=Population#/sx/sx-editor Mu mwaka gwa 2012, UBOS yateebereza nti abantu b’omu kibuga kino baali 14,300. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Mu mwaka gwa 2020, UBOS yabalirira netebereza nti omuwendo gw’abantu mu kibuga Kiruhura mu myaka wakati akkati gwali 6,900, nga ku bano 3,600 (ebitundu 52.2 ku 100) baali basajja ate 3,300 (ebitundu 47.8 ku buli 100) baali bakazi.
Kraków

**Kraków**, ekibuga, Bupoolo.

Awamu: 327 km²

Abantu: 761 069 (2015)
## Abuntu

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  bar:1931 from:0 till:219300
  bar:1939 from:0 till:259000
  bar:1945 from:0 till:298500
  bar:1955 from:0 till:428231
  bar:1975 from:0 till:684600
  bar:1995 from:0 till:744987

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  bar:1955 at: 428231 text: 428,2 shift:(0)
  bar:1975 at: 684600 text: 684,6 shift:(0)
  bar:1995 at: 744987 text: 744987 shift:(0)
  
## References

## Website
* Kraków 
* Commons Kraków
Mediterranean Sea

**Mediterranean Sea**

Awamu: 2 500 000 km²

## Ensi
* Yitale
* Spain
* Bufalansa
* Monaco
* Malta
* Slovenia
* Croatia
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Montenegro
* Albania
* Buyonaani
* Cyprus
* Turkey
* Syria
* Lebanon
* Israel
* Egypt
* Libya
* Tunisia
* Algeria
* Morocco

## Website
* Commons Mediterranean Sea
Baltic Sea

**Baltic Sea**

Awamu: 415 266 km²
## Ensi
* Finilandi
* Swiiden
* Denimaaka
* Girimane
* Bupoolo
* Lithueenia
* Rwasha
* Estonia
* Latvia

## Website
* Commons Baltic Sea
Black Sea

**Black Sea**

Awamu: 436 402 km²
## Ensi
* Rwasha
* Bulgaria
* Romania
* Georgia (country)
* Turkey
* Yukrein

## Website
* Commons Black Sea
Estonia

**Estonia** kiri ensi mu Bulaaya. E bugwanjuba Estonia erinayo  ne Rwasha, ne Latvia. Ekibuga cha Estonia ecikulu ciyitibwa Tallinn.
* Awamu: 45,339 km²
* Abantu: 1,315,635 (2017)
## Abantu

## Website
* Commons Estonia
Łódź

**Łódź**, ekibuga, Bupoolo.

Awamu: 293 km²

Abantu: 700 982 (2015)
## Abuntu

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 bar:1939 at: 672000 text: 672.000 shift:(-18,5)
 bar:1946 at: 496929 text: 496.929 shift:(-18,5)
 bar:1955 at: 674172 text: 674.172 shift:(-18,5)
 bar:1965 at: 744086 text: 744.086 shift:(-18,5)
 bar:1975 at: 798263 text: 798.263 shift:(-18,5)
 bar:1985 at: 847864 text: 847.864 shift:(-18,5)
 bar:1988 at: 854003 text: 854.003 shift:(-18,5)
 bar:1995 at: 823215 text: 823.215 shift:(-18,5)
 bar:2000 at: 793217 text: 793.217 shift:(-18,5)
 bar:2005 at: 767628 text: 767.628 shift:(-18,5)
 bar:2010 at: 737098 text: 737.098 shift:(-18,5)
 bar:2015 at: 700982 text: 700.982 shift:(-18.5)

## References

## Website
* Łódź 
* Commons Łódź
Belarus

**Belarus** kiri ensi mu Bulaaya. E bugwanjuba Belarus erinayo  ne Bupoolo, ne Latvia, ne Lithueenia, ne Rwasha, ne Yukrein. Ekibuga cha Belarus ecikulu ciyitibwa Minsk.
* Awamu: 207,595 km²
* Abantu: 9,498,700 (2016)
## Abantu

## Ekibuga
Abantu (2015)
* Minsk 1,939,800
* Gomel 526,872
* Mogilev 374,644
## Website
* Commons Belarus
Latvia

**Latvia** kiri ensi mu Bulaaya. E bugwanjuba Latvia erinayo  ne Lithueenia, ne Belarus, ne Rwasha, ne Estonia. Ekibuga cha Latvia ecikulu ciyitibwa Riga.
* Awamu: 64,573 km²
* Abantu: 1,978,700 (2015)
## Abantu

## Ekibuga
Abantu (2016)
* Riga 698,529
* Daugavpils 95,467
* Liepāja 78,144
## Website
* Commons Latvia
North America

**North America**
* Awamu: 24,709,000 km²
* Abantu: 565,265,000 (2013)
* Ekibangirizi n'abantu: 23 km²
## Abantu (Amerika + Canada)
 

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  bar:1960 from:0 till:204.318000
  bar:1970 from:0 till:231.284000
  bar:1980 from:0 till:254.454000
  bar:1990 from:0 till:281.162000
  bar:2000 from:0 till:313.289000
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  bar:1960 at: 204.318000 fontsize:S text:204 shift:(-10,5)
  bar:1970 at: 231.284000 fontsize:S text:231 shift:(-10,5)
  bar:1980 at: 254.454000 fontsize:S text:255 shift:(-10,5)
  bar:1990 at: 281.162000 fontsize:S text:281 shift:(-10,5)
  bar:2000 at: 313.289000 fontsize:S text:313 shift:(-10,5)
  bar:2010 at: 344.529000 fontsize:S text:345 shift:(-10,5)



## Ensi (* awamu * abantu)
              
* Amerika * 9,833,517 km² * 324,099,593 (2016)
* Canada
* Mexico
* Honduras
* Costa Rica
* Guatemala
* Nicaragua
* Panama
* El Salvador
*

## Ekibuga (* abantu)
                   
* Mexico City   * 8,918,653 (2015)
* New York City * 8,550,405 (2015)
* Los Angeles   * 4,030,904 (2016)
* Chicago       * 2,720,546 (2015)
* Toronto       * 2,615,060 (2011)
*

## Website
* Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:North_America
Asia

**Asia** (Eezia)
* Awamu: 44,579,000 km²
* Abantu: 4,164,252,000 (2011)
* Ekibangirizi n'abantu: 87 km²

## Abantu

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  bar:1960 from:0 till:1.707682000
  bar:1970 from:0 till:2.134993000
  bar:1980 from:0 till:2.637586000
  bar:1990 from:0 till:3.199481000
  bar:2000 from:0 till:3.719044000
  bar:2010 from:0 till:4.164252000

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  bar:1980 at: 2.637586000 fontsize:S text:2,6 shift:(-10,5)
  bar:1990 at: 3.199481000 fontsize:S text:3,2 shift:(-10,5)
  bar:2000 at: 3.719044000 fontsize:S text:3,7 shift:(-10,5)
  bar:2010 at: 4.164252000 fontsize:S text:4,2 shift:(-10,5)


## Ensi
* Rwasha
* Cayina
* Indonesia
* India
* Saudi Arabia
* Iran
* Mongoolia
* Japan
* South Korea
* North Korea
* Bangladesh
* Myanmar
* Philippines
* Yemen
* Cambodia
* Turkey
* Kazakhstan
* Jooja
* Azerbaijan
* Armenia

## Ekibuga
* Karachi   24,300,000 (2016)
* Shanghai  24,152,700 (2015)
* Beijing   21,700,000 (2015)
* Tokyo     13,617,445 (2016)
* Guangzhou 13,080,500 (2014)
* Mumbai    12,442,373 (2011)
* Seoul      9,971,111 (2016)
* Incheon    2,978,367 (2015)

## Website
* Commons Asia]
South America

**South America**
* Awamu: 17,840,000 km²
* Abantu: 410,013,492 (2015)
* Ekibangirizi n'abantu: 21 km²

## Abantu

Colors=
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  bar:1980 from:0 till:241.018000
  bar:1990 from:0 till:295.835000
  bar:2000 from:0 till:348.246000
  bar:2010 from:0 till:394.021000

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  bar:1960 at: 147.766000 fontsize:S text:147 shift:(-10,5)
  bar:1970 at: 191.562000 fontsize:S text:191 shift:(-10,5)
  bar:1980 at: 241.018000 fontsize:S text:241 shift:(-10,5)
  bar:1990 at: 295.835000 fontsize:S text:295 shift:(-10,5)
  bar:2000 at: 348.246000 fontsize:S text:348 shift:(-10,5)
  bar:2010 at: 394.021000 fontsize:S text:394 shift:(-10,5)



## Ensi (* awamu * abantu)
* Brasil     * 8 511 965 km²     * 208 000 000 
* Argentina  * 2 780 400 km²     * 42 000 000
* Peru       * 1 285 216 km²     * 30 000 000
* Colombia
* Bolivia
* Venezuela
* Chile
* Paraguay
* Ecuador
* Guyana
* Uruguay
* Suriname
* Trinidad and Tobago

## Ekibuga (* abantu)
* São Paulo       * 11,967,825 (2014)
* Lima            * 8,852,000 (2015)
* Bogotá          * 7,878,783 (2015)
* Rio de Janeiro  * 6,453,682 (2015)
* Caracas         * 3,273,863 (2011)
* Buenos Aires    * 2,890,151 (2010)
* Brasília        * 2,556,149 (2011)
* Belo Horizonte  * 2,502,557 (2014)
* Medellín        * 2,441,123 (2013)

## Website
* Commons South America]
Okucaafuwaza Amazzi

## Okucaafuwaza  Amazzi

Amazzi geetaagisa mu bulamu. Tekyetaagisa kukkaatiriza mugaso gwa nsonga eno. Wabula okucaafuwaza amazzi kye kimu ku bizibu eby’entiisa eby’obwebungulule bwaffe ensangi zino.

## Okucaafuwaza amazzi kyeki?
Okucaafuwaza amazzi  kubaawo ng’ebintu eby’obutwa bigenze mu nsibuko z’amazzi ez’enjawulo. Okugeza, mu nnyanja , mu migga , mu gayanja n’ebifo ebirala. Ebintu ebyo bwe bigenda mu mazzi ago, bimulungukiramu era ne bibeera mu go oba ne biteeka ku ntobo yaago. Kino kireetera omutindo gw’amazzi ago okubeera nga gusse nnyo era amazzi ago gaba tegakyali malungi n’akamu.
Amazzi ago bwe gacaafuwala, tekiba kizibu ky’ebyo ebibeeera mu mazzi byokka wabula, obucaafu obwo butambula ne bubuna wonna mu bifo ebivaamu amazzi ge tukozesa. Amazzi ago gye gakkira nga gatuuse ne mu maka gaffe era nga ge gamu kwaago ge tukozesa ewaka. Oluusi twesanga nga ge tunywa.

## Ensibuko n’ebiva mu kucaafuwaza amazzi
Okucaafuwaza amazzi kusobola okuggyawo mu ngeri ez’enjawulo. Emu ku ngeri esingira ddala y’ey’obucaafu obuva mu kibuga ne kasasiro/ebisaaniiko ebiva mu makolero. Engeri endala ezireetera amazzi okucaafuwala z’engeri ze tutasobola kulaba butereevu: kwe kugamba, obucaafu obuyingira mu mazzi nga buva mu ttaka oba mikutu gy’amazzi g’omu ttaka ne mu bbanga nga buyita mu nkuba.
Ettaka n’amazzi g’omu ttaka mubaamu ebisigalira by’ebirime by’abantu wamu n’ebicaafu ebiva mu makolero ebitakwatiddwa bulungi.
Makerere University, Uganda

## Ennyanjula

**Ssettendekero wa Makerere**, lye ttendekero erisinga obunene era nga likwata kyakusatu mu matendekero amakadde ag'ebyengigiriza ebya waggulu. Mu kusooka lyateekebwawo ng'essomero ly'ebyemikono mu 1922. Mu 1963, lyafuuka ettendekero ly'Obuvanjuba bwa Afrika, nga ligaba emisomo egituusa ku ddiguli eziva mu ssetendekero wa London. Mu 1970, University of East Afrika bwe yayawulwamu amatendekero asatu ageetongode, omuli University of Nairobi (Kenya), University of Dar es Salaam (Tanzania), Ssettendekero wa Makerere naye yeetengerera wano mu Uganda. We twogerera, ssettendekero wa Makerere alimu college mwenda ne School emu. Abayizi abalimu bali nga 36,000 ku ddaala lya ddiguli esooka n'abayizi 4,000 ku ddaala lya ddiguli eza waggulu.

Abakulembeze ba Afirika abawerako baatikkirirwa Makerere okuli omukulembeze wa Uganda Milton Obote, Julius Nyerere ne Benjamin Mkapa aba Tanzania.

Omukulembeze wa Democratic Republic of Congo Joseph Kabila n'omukulembeze wa Kenya mwai kibaki nabo batikirilwa Makerere.

Mu myaka egyaddirira ameefuga ga Uganda, ababawandiisi ab'ettutumu bangi abaawandiika ku nsonga z'ameefuga ga Afrika baavanga oba baakoleranga ku ssettendekero wa Makerere. Mu bawandiisi abo mulimu: Nuruddin Farah, Ali Mazrui, David Rubadiri, Okello Oculi, Ngugi wa Thiongo, John Ruganda, Paul Theroux, v. s. Naipaul ne Peter Nazareth.
Ttiimu y’omupiira eya Kampala City Council Football Club

## Ennyanjula
Ttiimu eyabbulwa mu kitongole ekiddukkanya ekibuga kya Uganda ekikulu Kampala ekifunzibwa nga "KCCA FC", ttiimu ya mupiira eya Uganda esangibwa mu Kampala, ekibuga ekisinga obunene era kye kibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda. Ekitongole ekiddukanya Kampala kyasooka kuyitibwa " Kampala City Council" oluvannyuma ekyakyusibwa okufuuka "Kampala Capital City Authority" era n'erinnya lya ttiimu eyo ligenze likyuka okusinziirra ku nkyukakyuka eno.Emikutu mingi n'empapula z'amawulire bikyakozesa erinnya lya ttiimu eno ekkadde erya "Kampala City Council Football Club" erifunzibwa nga "KCC".

## Ebyafaayo

Ttiimu eno yatandikibwawo omugenzi Samuel Wamala mu mwaka gwa 1963 nga yeeyali akulira ettabi ly’ekitongole erikola ku kazambi mu kitundu kyaba yinginiya mu kitongole kya "Kampala City Council" Ttiimu eno okusooka yali esingamu bakozi abakola mu kitundu ekya kazambi naye oluvannyuma kyagaziyizibwa ne kiyingizibwamu n'amatabi amalala mu kitongole kya "KCC"

Mu  mwaka gwa 1965 ttiimu eno yayingira liigi eyali eyitibwa "Kampala and Ditrict Football (KDF) mu kibinja eky'okusatu ng'ekibinja kino kyali kigabanyiziddwamu ebiwayi bibiri, wansi w’ebiragiro by'omutendesi Bidandi ssali wamu ne ssentebe Samuel Wamala era nga kino kyaleetera ttiimu eno okugenda mu maaso.Oluvannyuma lw'okumalira mu kifo eky'omukaaga mu lwetabamu olwasooka, mmu mwaka gwa 1966 baasuumusibwa okuva mu kibinja eky'okusatu eky'amaserengeta oluvannyuma lw'okumalira mu kifo eky'okubiri.
Australia (ssemazinga)

**Australia** ssemazinga.
* Awamu: 8,600,000 km²
* Abantu: 36,000,000 (2009)
* Ekibangirizi n'abantu: 4 km²

## Ansi (* awamu * abantu)
* Australia: awamu - 7.692.024 km², abantu - 24.232.000 (2016)
* Papua New Guinea: awamu - 462.840 km2, abantu - 7.059.653 (2011)

## Akibuga
* Sydney: abantu - 4.921.000 (2015)
* Melbourne: abantu - 4.529.500 (2015)
* Brisbane: abantu - 2.308.700 (2015)
* Perth: abantu - 2.039.200 (2015)

## Website
* Commons Australia
Force

"Empalirizo" ky'ekigambo ky'Oluganda ekivvuunula "force" eky'Olungereza.Empalirizo kyatondekebwawo omunoonyerezi ku nzimba y'emiramwa gya sayansi mu Luganda ono nga Ofiisa wa Poliisi ya Uganda Muwanga Charles.

Empalirizo (forces) ziva ku kusika(pull), okusindika(push) oba okunyooreza(twist).N'olwekyo empalirizo kyekuusiza ku kusika, okusindika oba okunyooleza. Empalirizo ze ziviirako "okuva"(motion) okwa buli kika, ne bwe kuba kujugumira, kuseetuka yadde omugendo.Empalirizo ze ziviirako ebidduka okuva mu kifo era n'ensolo okutambula oba ekinyonyi okubuuka ziba mpalirizo.Empalirizo n'olwekyo zetaaga amasoboza(energy).

Mu essomabuzimbe(physics) , empalirizo zirina akakwate n'emiramwa nga "okuva"(motion), amasoboza(energy) n'amaanyi(power).

Mu butuufu empalirizo z'obutonde(forces of nature) n'ezitali za butonde  za njawulo.Empalirizo zirimu:
(i) Empalirizo z'essikirizo(gravitational forces)
(ii) Empalirizo z'ensikirizo(forces of attraction).Muno mulimu empalirizo za magineeti(magnetic forces) n'essikirizo(gravity)
(iii) Ekikuubagano(Friction)
(iv)Ekikkatiro(compression)
(v)Ekinyigirizo(Stress)
(vi)Kawereege(Tension)
(vii)Mu essomabibuuka(aeronautics) , waliwo empalirizo ezibeera ku bibuuka nga:
       (a) Ensukuma = empalirizo esukuma (the force of thrust).Ensukuma ebaamu "emsukuma eya    waggulu(upthrust) n'ensukuma eya wansi (down thrust).Ensukuma era oyinza okujiyita 
"amasukuma"=amasoboza agasukuma(energy of thrust).
      (b)Ensitula=Empalirizo esitula(the force of lift).Eno era oyinza okugiyita "amasitula"=amasoboza agasitula (energy of lift)
      (c) Obuzito(weight) oba essikirizo(gravity).Empalirizo y'essikirizo esika edda wansi ku ttaka
      (d)Ekiwalabanyo (drag).Eno mpalirizo egezaako okugugubira omugendo oba ensukuma (thrust)
Emizannyo gy'Abaganda

Buli ggwanga libeera n’ebyalyo bye tuyinza okuyita eby'obuzaaliranwa era eby'ensonga mu kitundu ekyo ne mu bantu aboogerwako. Bwe twogera ku mizannyo, Abaganda nabo baazannyanga emizannyo mingi. Mu mizannyo Abaganda gye baalinanga, mwabangamu egy’abato n’abakulu. Ate ne mu gyo ng’era mulimu egy’abawala n’abalenzi. 

Mu mizannyo egyazannyibwanga mwalingamu ssekitulege, okubaka amayinja, okubuuka, okwekweka, okudduka, okubonga enje, ggogolo, kantuntunu, nkulimbye, ssemufu, nkusibiddaawo, vvaawondye, akawuna, okusiita, okwesuuba, ssewajjuba, katakuliramuliro, okumeggana, okuyiringisa entengo oba obutanga, okubumba, okuzimba ennyumba/obuyumba, okufumbafumba, okuwuga, okwesa, okulwana entooketooke, okulwana ebirumbirumbi, okwebagala ente, okulwanyisa embuzi oba endiga, ekigwo, okubiriga, okukuba enziga, okukuba enkuyo, okufumita emmuli, dduulu, zzaala, okuvuga amaato, okubaka omupiira, okusamba omupiira, nkulimbye, okuwuga, kamesetambula, okulinnya emiti, ffukukutu, kitumwa, obugole (okusiba abagole oba okukola eby'abagole), mpa ndye, ssonko, kaggogo, kibugga, ssemufu, okubuuka omuguwa, ssekkonde n’emirala. Ggwe ku mizannyo egyo omanyiiko giri wa?

Okumanya ng’emizannyo egyo gyabanga mirungi ne Kabaka yennyini yagyenyigirangamu. Era waliwo emizannyo egimanyiddwa nti Kabaka anaalya eŋŋoma alina emizannyo gy’asooka okuzannya. Gamba, omuzannyo gw’ebirumbirumbi n’okuyigga. Abamu baalinga bamanyi n’okumeggana.

Emizannyo gino gyabangamu emiganyulo egy’enjawulo: egimu gyabangamu okukozesa amaanyi bwe gityo nga gizimba omubiri; emirala gyabangamu okufumiitiriza (okukozesa obwongo oba okulowooza), bwe gityo nga giyamba mu kuwagala obwongo so nga n’emirala gyabanga gya kuwummuza birowoozo, kwesanyusa, kutabagana n’ebiringa ebyo.

Era nga bw’olaba ne leero nti abato balina emizannyo mingi, n’egyo gye tumenye waggulu egisinga obungi gya bato. Okugeza, okufumbafumba, nkusiddaawo, okuzimba obuyumba, nkulimbye, kaggoggo, okwesuuba, okusiita, vvaawondye, ssekkonde, akawuna n’emirala. So ate egy’abakulu mulimu okukuba enkuyo, okuyigga, okumeggana/ekigwo, okwesa, okulwana entooketooke n'emirala.

Buli gumu ku mizannyo egyo gye twogeddeko gulina amagezi n'ebigendererwa mu gyo. Kyakusaalirwa nti mingi ku gyo tegikyazannyibwa era mingi ku gyo tegimanyiddwa baana bato. Tujja kugenda nga tulambulula gumu ku gumu ku mizannyo egyo nga tulaba engeri gye gizannyibwamu ate n'amagezi agagirimu.
Energy

Amasoboza(Energy)

Amasoboza, empalirizo  n'amaanyi miramwa gya njawulo mu sayansi .

"Amasoboza" mulamwa ogwatondekebwawo omunoonyerezi ku nzimba y'emiramwa gya sayansi mu Luganda ,Muwanga Charles . Amasoboza mulamwa oguli mu ttuluba erimu n'emiramwa "amaanyi"(power) ne "empalirizo"(force).

Amasoboza kiva mu kugattika(blending) ebigambo by'oluganda "amaanyi agasobozesa".Mu kifo ky'okugamba nti "amaanyi agasobozesa" tukiyimpawaza ne kiba "amasoboza" (energy).Amasoboza yadde kiriraaniganye nnyo mu makulu n'omiramwa "amaanyi" n'empalirizo , mulamwa omwawufu ku gino. Amaanyi kiba kipimo ky'amasoboza ate empalirizo zo zetaaga amasoboza ekintu okusobola okukyuka embeera mwe kibadde.

Amasoboza bwe busobozi okukola(ability to do work).Amasoboza nago galimu ebika:

(i) Amasoboza ag'okuva(kinetic or motion energy).Gano ge masoboza agakola
(ii) Amasoboza amatereke(Stored/potential  energy)

Amasoboza ag'okuva galimu:

(a) Amasoboza ag'ekitambuzo (mechanical energy)
(b)Amasoboza agekitangaala(Light energy)
(c) Amasoboza ag'ebivuga(sound energy)
(d) Amasoboza aga nabbugumya(thermal energy).Gano ge masoboza ag'ebbugumu oba okwokya(heat energy).
(e) Amasoboza ag'amasannyalaze(electrical energy)

Amasoboza amatereke (Potential energy)galimu:

(a)Amasoboza ag'ekikyusabuziba(Chemical energy).Muno mulimu amasoboza amatereke mu mmere, mu bbaattule, mu mafuta aga nakavundira(fossil fuels), ebyanda(coal) , amanda (charcoal), mu manda ga lediyo(radio batteries), n'amalala

Mu butuufu awatali masoboza tewali kisoboka kuba tetuyinza kufuna kitangaala yadde ebbugumu ku Nsi.Amasoboza ag'emmere(food energy) ge gatuwa amaanyi okukola emirmi egy'enjawulo. N'ennyanguyirizi nga ekitondekamaanyi(engine) eky'emotoka ziba tezisobola kuva mu kifo awatali masoboza agava mu mafuta agaleetawo entabamuliro(combustion).
Mass

Enzitoya(Mass)

Enzitoya(mass) kyekuusiza ku buzito.Ekintu gye kikoma okubaamu omubiri obungi gye kikoma okuzitowa.Omubiri guno ogukizitoya mu sayansi kye kiyitibwa  enzitoya(mass) kuba kye kiviirako ekintu okuzitowa. 

Osaana okimanye nti buzito(weight) businziira ku bintu bibiri:

(a)Enzitoya(mass)
(b) Essikirizo(gravity)

Jjukira ekigereeso kya Albert Einstein eky'Obusinziiro ekigamba nti "amasoboza gasinziira ku nzitoya (mass) ng'okibisizzaamu emisinde gy'ekitangaala egya kyebiriga.Noonya  Nakyenkanyampuyi ya Albert Einstein ey'Obusinziiro(Look for Albert Einstein's Equation of Relativity).Obusinziiro ye relativity kubanga buli kintu "kisinziira" ku mbeera gye kibaamu.

       A
Nabuzimbe

Nabuzimbe(Matter)

Nabuzimbe(matter) oba endagabuzimbe era oyinza okugamba nti kiva mu bigambo by'oluganda "nakazaala bw'obuzimbe bw'ekintu". Nakazaala w'obuzimbe bwa buli kintu ye nabuzimbe(matter).

Nabuzimbe(matter) ky'ekyo ekibugaana ekibangirizo ate nga kirina enzitoya(mass) n'obuzito(weight). Nambuzimbe ebeera mu mbeera  5:

(a) Embeera ey'Enkalubo(solid state)
(b) Embeera eya kakulukusi oba ekikulukusi(Liquid state)
(c) Embeera ey'omukka oba ggaasi(Gas state)
(d)Embeera ey'ejjengerero(Plasma State)
(e) Embeera ey'oluzira(Bose Einstein State)
Motion (physics)

Okuva(Motion)

Okuva kye kigambo ky'Oluganda ekivvuunula "motion".Mu butuufu mu bwengula buli kintu kiri mu "kuva".Ne atomu ezizimab obutaffaali bw'omubiri gwo ziri mu kuva nga zijugumira , ensonga lwaki omubiri gwo gubuguma.

Omugendo(continuous motion) kikwata ku kuva okweyongerayo(continuous motion).N'olwekyo omugendo nakwo kuva(motion)naye si buli kuva nti guba mugendo kubanga n'okuba nti obuziba(atomu) eziri mu ntebe kw'otudde zijugumira nakwo  kuva naye si tezikola mugendo.Tuyinza okwogera ku 
     (i) omugendo gw'ekitangaala(Light ray)
     (ii) Omugendo gw'amasannyalaze(electric Current). 
     (iii) Amasannyalaze nga omugendo gw'obusannyalazo(electricity as the movement/motion or flow  of electrons)

Manya  : Mu kuvvuunula okwa sayansi wewale okuvvuunula butereevu mu mbeera ezimu kubanga amakulu gayinza obutavaayo bulungi .Togamba  "mukulukuto gwa masannyalaze".Gamba "omugendo gw'amasannyalaze" okutegeeza "electric current".

Kati nno tuyinza okwogera ku "amateeka ga Newton ag'Okuva"(Newton's Laws of Motion)ne kalonda yenna akwata ku kuva kw'ebintu(the Motion of things).

"Okuva" kw'ebintu (the motion of things) tukituseeko nga tusalira(clipping) akagambululo(phrase) "okuva mu kifo"(to move from one place to another).
Ebyobuziba

Mu Luganda olwekusifu atomu era kaba kaziba kubanga akasirikitu kano katini nnyo oba kali wala nnyo n'eriiso eriri obukunya okulaba.Kino kitegeeza nti okulaba akaziba wetaaga enzimbulukusa (ennyanguyirizi eezimbulukus obusirikitu) ey'enjawulo.

Akaziba (*atom*) oba obuziba (*atoms*) bwe butoffaali obutinniinyo(obutini ennyo) obuzimba buli kintu era nga bwe buzimba n'obutaffaali bw'ebiramu (*the cells of living things*).

Essomo lya sayansi erikwata ku buziba bw'ebintu lye liyitibwa:
# Ebyobuziba: *Chemistry*
# Essomabuziba: *Chemistry*

**Essomabuziba** oba **ebyobuziba** (*chemistry*) ligerageranye ne "ebyobuzimbe" oba "essomabuzimbe" (*physics*). Mu butuufu "ebyobuziba"(*chemistry*) kitundu ku "ebyobuzimbe" (*physics*) , lwa kuba ddyo essomabuzimbe lisoma obuzimbe bw'ebintu byonna okuviira ddala ku buziba obusirikitu okutuukira ddala ku bwaguuga bw'ebisinde, enjuba, n'enkuluungo ezooro mu bwengula.

Ebyobuziba oba essomabuziba lisoma ku buzimbe bwa busirikitu nga obuziba (*atomu*) n'obuziizi (*nucleus*), Ebyobuziba lisoma buziba bwa kintu nga obuziba buno bwe butaffaali obusirikitu obuzimba buli kintu. Tusobola okwogera ku:
# Enkyusabuziba: *Chemicals*.
# Ekikyusabuziba: *Chemical reaction*.
# Enkyukakyuka ey'obuziba: *Chemical change*.
# Enkyukakyuka eyo ku ngulu: *Physical change*.
Empalirizo

Empalirizo(Force) gye gimu ku miramwa gya sayansi egy'Oluganda ekizim,biddwa Ssekalowooleza Muwanga Charles.

Empalirizo kiva mu kikolwa eky'okuwaliriza(to force).Kati nno tuyinza okwogera ku "empalirizo ez'obutonde"(forces of nature) awamu n'empalirizo ez'enjawulo mu nsi eya sayansi.
Ebyobuzimbe

**Ebyobuzimbe** oba **Essomabuzimbe** (*Physics*)

Ebyobuzimbe oba essomabuzimbe(Physics) ye sayansi w'obuzimbe n'enneeyisa z'obutonde ku mutendera ogw'obusirikitu obuziba(atomu)  n'omutendera ogw'obwaguuka bw'obwengula..Essomabuzimbe lirimu:

(i) Empalirizo(Forces)
(ii)Okuva(Motion)n'ekitambuzo(mechanics)
(iii)Amasoboza , Amaanyi n'Okukola(Energy, Power and work)
(iv)Amasannyalaze (Electricity)
(v) Obwengula(the universe).Muno mulimi ebisinde(galaxies),Enjuba n'emmunyenye(Suns and star),, ensengekera y'enjuba yaffe (the solar system), n'ebirala.
(vi) Ekitangaala, omugendo gw'amasoboza ag'amasannyalaze ne magineeti(electromagnetic energy
(vii) Essomabuzimbe obw'Obuziizi(Nucleay Physics) .Muno mulimu:
      (a) Ekyabuluzabuziizi(Nuclear fission)
      (b) Ekyegattisabuziizi(Nuclear fusion)

Essomabuziba oba ebyobuziba (Chemistry) kitundu ku essomabuzimbe(Physics).
Ekibalirizo

**Ekibalirizo** (*arithmetic*) ly'ettabi ly'ekibalangulo erisooka. Ekibalirizo kiva mu kikolwa eky'okubalirira.Bw'oba okola okubalirira mu bwangu okola bino:
(a) obazisa namba, si nnyukuta
(b) ogatta
(c)oyawuza
(d)okubisa emirundi
(e)ogabiza

Obutaba nga aligebbula abazisa byombi , ennukuta ne namba ekibalirizo kyo kibazisa namba zokka
Ekiwangaaliro (Habitat)

Ekiwangaaliro(habitat)  kifaanaganamu n'Obuwangaaliro(environment)naye ekiwangaaliro kyo mulamwa oguva mu bigambo "ekifo ebiramu mwe biwangaalira". Weetegereze:

(i) Ekiwangaaliro= "Ekifo ebiramu mwe biwangaalira"(Habitat) 
(ii) Obuwangaaliro= "Obutonde bw'ensi ebiramu mwe biwangaalira(the Environment)

Ekiwangaaliro nagwo mulamwa oguzimbiddwa Muwanga Charles.

Ebiwangaaliro (habitats) by'ebiramu birimu:

(a) Semazzi(Water bodies)
(b) Ettale(Grasslands)
(c) Ebibira(Forests)
(d) Eddungu(Desert)

Linda ebinaddako ku muko guno !
Omunonooza(engineer)

Okusinziira ku Charles Muwanga , mu luganda olwa sayansi "omunonooza" ye kakensa anonooza amateeka ga sayansi n'ekibalangulo okuzimba ebintu eby'enjawulo ebyetaagibwa okugonza obulamu. 

Omulamwa guno gye gimu ku gizimbiddwa Muwanga Charles ng'agaziya amakulu(semantic extension) ag'ekikolwa eky'okunonooza mu sessomo ly'ekinonoozo(engineering). 

Mu luganda olw'omulembe Omutebi amakulu g'ekinonoozo awamu n'omunonooza gavaayo mangu nga otegedde ki ekinonoozebwa, amateeka ga sayansi n'ekibalangulo.

Abanonooza (Mechanical Engineers)

Abanonooza ab’ekitambuzo bazimba ebintu ng’ennyanguyirizi n’ebikozesebwa ebigonza embeera z’abantu. Ekigambo ekikulu wano kwe “kuzimba”.

“Abanonooza eb’ekitambuzo” (mechanical engineers) beyambisa buli kibaddewo eky’ekuusiza ku kitambuzo (mechanics) omuli namuziga, ebikono, ensuubo, kalinjola, seppulingi, ne pata okukola ennyanguyirizi nga emotoka, ennyanguyirizi z’amalimiro (farm machinery), ebikozesebwa awaka, obukokolo (robots), n’ebikozesebwa mu makolero.

Abanonooza era babaga ebitundu by’ebipango (sub-assemblies) eby’ennyanguyirizi ezo, omuli n’ensengekera ezizitetenkanya (control systems), ebikozesebwa, n’ebitundu by’ennyanguyirizi kinnakimu. 

Abanonooza bakozesa matiiriyo ez’enjawulo nga ebyuma, “ebyokubumba” (ceramics), ebya pulasitika n’ebirala. Kyetaagisa abanonooza okumanya enneeyisa oba ebinnyonnyozo bya matiiriyo ez’enjawulo. 

Okumanya “ebinnyonnyozo”(properties) ebya matiiriyo zino, gamba ng’obukwafuwavu (density) bwazo, obugumu, amaleego (tensile strength), embavu eyeweta, kiyamba abanonooza okubaza engeri matiiriyo zino gye  zineeyisaamu mu mbeera ez’okunyigiriza nga ekikkatiro, kawereege, okuweta oba  okunyooleza awamu ne mu mbeera z’obudde ez’enjawulo eza tempulikya, akanyigirizi, ggaasi ezifumya (corrosive gases), ebikulukusi (liquids) n’olubugumu (radiation). Era balina okubaza engeri matiiriyo gye zinaaberamu oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera ekiwanvu.

Abanonooza balina okuba n’obumanyirivu okuva mu masomo g’ekinonoozo ag’enjawulo, omuli   “ekinonoozo eky’ebizimbibwa” (civil engineering), ekinonoozo ky’enzirusi ez’obwengula, ekinonoozo kya kompyuta, ekinonoozo ky’amasannyalaze, n’amalala. 
 
Obusobozi obwetaagisa ennyo mu kinonoozo buva mu kunnyonnyoka essomabutonde (physics), ekibalangulo (mathematics), n’obuzimbe awamu n’ebinnyonnyozo bya matiiriryo ez’enjawulo.
Ekigereeso (Theory)

Ekigereeso(theory) nagwo mulamwa oguzimbiddwa Muwanga Charles. Ekigereeso kyekuusiza ku kikolwa eky'okugereesa(to theorize, to guess). Nga tweyambisa akakodyo ak'okugattika ebigambo tufuna emiramwa :

(i) Ekigereeso= Ekigambululo ekigereesa(Scientific theory)

(ii) Omugereso =Omubalanguzi ky'agereesa(mathematical theory)

(iii) Eggereeso = Essomo erigereesa (Theorem)

Kati nno tuyinza okwogera ku :

(a) Eggereeso lya Payisoggolaasi(The Pythagoras theorem)

(b) Ekigereeso ky'Ensibuko y'Ebikula (The theory of the origin of species)

(c) Ekigereeso ky'ekyerongooserezo ky'Obulamu (the theory of the evolution of life)
Ensengekera (System)

Okusinziira ku Muwanga Charles, tewali lulimi lukuze olutalina mulamwa gutunuulira ebintu nga "systems".

Ensengekera(System) kivudde mu kugattika ebigambo by'Oluganda "ensengeka eyemalirira"(sustaining arrangement). Omuganda ow'omulembe guno kati atunuulira ekintu n'ebitundu ebyenjawulo ebikizimba oba ebikibezaawo nga akozesa omulamwa "ensengekera"(system).Tusobola okwogera ku :

(i)Mubiri gw'ekiramu nga ensengekera(the  body of a living thing as a system)
(ii)Ennyanguyirizi nga ensengekera( a machine as a system)
(iii)Ekitondekamaanyi ng'ensengekera(an engine as a system)
(iv) Ebitundu by'Omubiri nga ensengekera(the body parts as systems):
    (a)Ensengekera y'Obusimu (the nervous system)
    (b)Ensengekera y'Emifumbi(the muscle system)

Lindirira ekiddako ku muko guno !
ETTAMIIRO

ETTAMIIRO
Ettamiro limayiddwa nga okukozesa omwenge mu bukyamu era nga kisobola okutegeeza okunnya omwenge nekuviiramu obuzubu. Gwayawulamwa ebikka bibiri;  omenge ogwesigamiddwako, n’omwenge ogwonoonebwa mu byobulamu. Ettamiro ligambibwa okubeerawo nga embeera zino ebbira n’endala zituusewo: ng’omuntu nga annywedde omwenge mu bungi okumala ebbanga eddene, nga waliwo obuzibu mu kwesala, okunywa omwenge kutwala obudde bungi era nga gwagalibwa nnyo, okugukozesa kuvaako obutatuukiriza buvunanyizibwa, ebizibu by’obulamu obwabulijjo, obuzibu mu by’obulamu, embera ey’obunkeke. Embeera ey’obunkeke etuukawo mu kuvuga nga bw’onywa obaokwegatta okutakuumidwa,n’ebirala. Okukozesa omwenge gusobola okuksa ebitundu by’omubiri byonna n’okusingira ddala obwongo, omutima, ekibumba, akawago, n’ekitundu ekikolagana n’okulwanyisa endwadde mu mubiri. Kino kisobola okuvaamu obulwadde bw’omutwe, enkuba y’omutima etali yabulijjo, okuremererwa kw’ekibumba, n’obunkeke bw’okufuna kansa. Okutwalira awamu, abakyala basikirizibwa obulabe bw’omwenge, nebizibu by’enddwade z’omutwe okusinga abasajja.
Obulamu bw’ebintu ebitwetolodde n’ebyobulamu bikwataganyizdwa n’ettamiro era  nga buli kitundu ku byo kileeta obunkenke. Omuntu alina omuzzadde  oba muganda we ng’ali ettamiiro alina emikisa esatu ku ena okubeera omutamiivu.  Mubintu by’obulamu ebitwetoolodde, mulimmu eby’obuwangwa n’ebyempisa. Okubeera n’ebirowoozo ebingi n’okuyaayana, n’omuwendo gw’essente entono ez’omwenge ky’ongera ku bunkeke. Abantu bayinza okwongera okunywako ku mwenge okusobola okwongera ku bubonero bw’okugyawo omwenge. Eddagala ly’okugyawo omwenge kuyinza okutwala emwezi okusobola okukoma. Mubyokujajaba ettamiro litwalibwa nga likola ku mubiri n’omutwe. Ebibuzibwa n’obuuzibwa n’okukebera omusaayi kuyinza okwekenenya abantu ablina ettamiro. Obubaka obwongerwako bukunganyizibwa olukakasa ekikeberebwa.
Okwewala ettamiro kusoboka nga balungamya n’okukitekako ekkomo ku mwenge ogutundibwa, okwengeze omusolo gwo mwenge n’ojjanjabi obwalayisi.okujjanja kuyinza okutwala emitendera ejanjawulo. Kubanga ebizibu byobulamu bisobola okutukawo mukasera bwakugyayo, omwenge guyina okufugibwa obulungi. Engeri emujenyigirwamu eby’bujjajabi. Kino kiyinza okubera nga wawebwa ate nga olimu ddwaliro oba okumukuuma. Emuntu asigala kukitundu nga bamulubira oba okumukuuma. Ebintu ebirala ebyagazise omuntu omwenge biyinza okubuzabuza obujjanjabi. Nga omaze okuyambibwa oba ebibiina bya bantu abayamba byeyambisidwa okuyamba omuntu okudda okuva mu kunnywa.
Ekibiina kyebyobulamu kigamba nti 2010 baali abantu obukadde 208 ne ttamiiro munsi yonna (4.1% kubantu ku myaka 15) .
Essoma-(-logy)words

Muwanga agamba nti okuva mu kikolwa ky'Oluganda "okusomesa" tufuna emiramwa emikulu nga:
(i) Sessomo(Academic discipline, field of study)
(ii)Essomo (sub-field of study, topic)
(iii) Essoma-(prefix meaning "-logy" or "study of..." )
(iv)Essomeso(Lesson)

Akawango akasookeso(prefix) "essoma-"(equivalent to the English "-logy") kasobozesezza oluganda okuvvuunula amasomo ag'ekikugu gonna. 

Akawango akasookeso "essoma-" era kategeeza kye kimu n'akawango akasookeso "eby-".Ebyokulabirako:

(i)Ebyobuvubi= Ebyenjigiriza eby'obuvubi oba ebikolebwa mu buvubi
(ii)Eby'obulimi -Ebyenjigiriza eby'obulimi oba ebikolebwa mu bulimu
(iii) Ebyebibira = Ebyenjigiriza eby'ebibira oba ebikolebwa mu bibira
(iv) Ebyobuziba = Ebyenjigiriza eby'obuziba (Chemistry)
(v)Ebyamalimiro=Ebyenjigiriza eby'amalundiro n'amalimiro(Agriculture)
(v) Ebyembimo=Ebyenjigiriza eby'empimo (Geometry)
(vi)Ebyobuzimbe=Eby'enjigiriza eby'obuzimbe mu sayansi w'obutonde(Physics)

Gino wansi miramwa gye tufuna nga tweyambisa akawango akasookeso "essoma" mu kifo kye Eby- :

(a) Essomampimo=Essomo ly'empimo (Geometry). Empimo=dimension
(b) Essomankula=Essomo ly'enkula ez'ekibalo(Geometry).Enkula = mathematical shape
(c)Essomabibuuka=Essomo ly'ebibuuka(Aeronautics)
(d) Essomabuzimbe=Essomo ly'obuzimbe (Physics).Laba "ebyobuzimbe"
(e)Essomabuziba = essomo ly'obusirikitu obuyitibwa obuziba(Chemistry).Laba "ebyobuziba"

Lindirira ebijja ku muko guno!
Essomabiramu

**Essomabiramu** (*Biology*) ssomo erikwata ku kalonda yenna ow'ebitonde ebiramu. Essomabiramu lirimu ebiti ebikulu bisatu:

# Essomabulamu bwa nsolo → (Animal biology). Muno mulimu essomo lya "essomansolo (Zoology)
# Essomabulamu bwa bimera → (Plant biology). Muno mulimu "essomabimera"(Botany)
# Essomabulamu obusirikitu → (Microbiology)

“Essomabiramu” kitegeeza essomo ly’ebiramu. Essomo lino lyesigama ku butonde bw'obulamu obw'obutaffaali (the cellular basis of living things) , amasoboza agakozesebwa mu mutereezabulamu (the energy metabolism that underlies the activities of life), n’obuzaale obusikirwa buli kiramu okuva mu kizadde oba ebizadde byakyo( the genetic bases for inheritance in organisms). 

Essomabiramu(Biology) era kirimu okusoma okweyubula kw’ebikula(the evolution of spieces) n’akakwate k’okweyubula(evolutionary rerationships)  akali wakati w’ekiramu ekimu n’ekirala  awamu n’ensengeka y’ebiramu eby’enjawulo ku Ensi.
Essomo lino linoonyereza ne ku bayologia  w’obulamu obusirikitu( microorganisms), ebimera,n’ ensoloplants, era ne kikunganyiriza embeera ya bino eya buli lunaku. 

Essomabiramu lyewolako ne mu “essomatomu”(kemisitologia) awamu  ne mu “essomabuzimbe”(fizikologia)  nga zikozesa amateeka ga  sessomo(disciplines) zino  ku biramu.

Sessomo lya essomabiramu(biology discipline) lirimu amatabi mangi kategole ez’engezeso(practical) ne eza emigereeso(theoretical). Mu Bayologia ow’engezeso  mulimu :

# okuzaalisa ebimera (plant breeding), 
# okutondeka enkola z’okukuuma ebisolo byo mu nsiko (wildlife management), 
# sayansi w’obujanjabi (medical science), 
# Ebyamalimiro n'okulima ebirime (Agriculture and crop production). 

Ate mu kigereso ky'Essomabiramu (theoretical biology) mulimu sessomo (disciplines) nga :
# Okusoma obuzimbe  bw’ebiramu (physiology),
# Essomabiziba mu biramu (biochemistry),
# Ensengekera z’ebiramu (Life taxonomy), 
# Entababutondene (Ecology)
# Essomabulamu obusirikitu (microbiology).
Ekibalangulo (Mathematics)

Ekibalangulo mu Luganda kitegeeza:

(i)Essomo ly'Okubala

(ii)Ekibalo(math)

Ekibalangulo kyekuusiza ku miramwa gino:

(a)Omubalanguzi(mathematician)

(ii)Okubalangula(To calculate)

(iii)Okubalanguza (to solve)

(iv)Okubaza (to solve , to calculate)

(v)Ekibalanguzo(formula)

(vi)Ekibalirizo(Arithmetic)

Noonya "Ekibalangulo"
Ekizimba

Ekizimba ekyogerwako wano, kijjawo ng'amasra geekung'aanyizza mu mubiri. Obubonero okulabirwa ekizimbwa bwe buno: okumyukirira, okulumizibwa, okubuguumirira n'okuzimba omuntu n'awulira nga mu kifo ekyo mulimu ekintu ekiringa amazzi agajjuddemu. Okumyukirira kutera okusaasaana okwetooloola awali ekizimba. 

## Ebireeta ebizimba

Ebizimba bitera kuleetebwa *bacterial infection* [4] Kitera okuba nti *bateria* nnyingi ezitera okwegatta ekizimba ne kiryoka kijja. Mu Amerika ne mu nsi endala mu nsi, *bacteria* etera okuleeta obulwadde buno ye *methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus*.[1] Tekitera kuba nti *parasites* zireeta ebizimba naye kino bwe kibaawo, kitera kubeerawo mu nsi ezikyakula. Ekizimba kitera kukeberwa okusinziira nga bwe kifaanana oba okusala ekitundu ekyo ne balaba ekiri munda. Oluusi basobola okukuba ekifaananyi mu kifo ekyo okwongera okwekkaanya ekiri munda bwe kiba nti amaaso omusawo tegamumalidde. Ekizimba bwe kiba nga kikutte mu bitundu eby'emabega awafulumirwa, bakozesa kifaananyi mu kompyuta okukebera ekizimba ekyo. 

Ebizimba ebikwata ku lususu ensangi zino bingi. Ebizimba eby'engeri eyo bitera okugambibwa ng'ebiva ku kukozesa eddagala. Mu Amerika ne Australia, abantu bangi abagambibwa okugenda mu malwaliro nga bakwatiddwa ebizimba eby'engeri eyo.

## Ebizimba
Buno obulwadde bw’ebizimba oba obulwadde bw’amayute, laba omusawo ate era kozesa neku ddagala nga lino.
# Katunguluccumu
# Eniimu
# Eppaapaali
; ;
OMUTIMA OKULEMERERWA

## OMUTIMA OKULEMERERWA
Eno y'embeera etuukawo ng’omutima tegukyasobola kutambuza omusaayi nga bwe gubeera gwetaagibwa mu mubiri. Obumu Ku bubonero bw'obuzibu buno: omuntu asa omukka ng’abaka mubake, okuwulira obukoowu ekiyitiridde, n’okuzimba amagulu. Akabonero akalala katera okubeera okuwulira nga tolina busobozi kukola dduyiro. Ekirwadde kino tekitera kuleeta kulumizibwa mu kifuba. 
Ekimu ku bireeta obuzibu buno kwe kukozesa ennyo omwenge omungi. Waliwo n’endwadde endala nnyingi ez’enjawulo eziviirako okulemererwa kw’omutima. 
Okukebera omusaayi okuyitibwa " electrocardiograph " ne "Chest radiograph " mu lulimi lw’ekisawo bye biyinza okusinziirwako okulaba ekiviirako omutima okulemererewa era obujjanjabi obuweebwa omuntu businziira ku kiba kizuuliddwa. Abantu abali Ku bujanjabi obw'omutima babeera balina okuva ku ssigala, omwenge okukola dduyiro n'ebirala ng’abasawo bwe balagira.
Oluusi, omuntu asobola okuteekebwamu akuuma àkayitibwa "Pacemaker" okusobola okuyamba Ku mutima gwe okutambuza omusaayi. Era mu ngeri endala singa obwetaavu bubeera bw'amaanyi nnyo omuntu asobola okuteekebwamu omutima omulala oba "Cardiac resynchronization therapy" (CRT).
Abantu bangi bafuna nnyo obuzibu buno obw’okulemererwa kw’omutima. Obujjanjabi bw’omutima bwa buseere era bangi abatasobola kufuna bujjanjabi buno bafa. Waliwo n’abafuna obulwadde buno naye obujjanjabi ne butabakolera era nabo ne bafa. Mu nsi ezikyakula abantu ebitundu bibiri ku buli kikumi balina obuzibu buno era nga mu bano abasinga babeera basukka emyaka 65. Kino kyeyongedde okuva ku bitundu mukaaga ku buli kikumi okutuuka ku bitundu kumi ku buli kikumi buli mwaka. Akatyabaga kano kazingiramu n'obulwadde bwa Kookolo era nga e Bungereza, abantu ebitundu bitaano ku buli kikumi abatwalibwa mu malwaliro balina obuzibu buno.
Ekimu Ku biviirako omutima okulemerererwa lwe luuyi olumu olw'omutima okulemererwa. Nga bwe kiri nti omutima gwawulwamu enjuyi bbiri okuli oluuyi olwa kkono n'olwa ddyo nga enjuyi zino zombi zirina kukolera wamu okutambuza omusaayi wabula singa oluuyi olumu lulemererwa olwo n'olulala terusobola kutambuza musaayi.
Ebika bya namba

Mu sessomo ly'ekibalangulo (mathematics discipline) mu "Omugereeso gwa namba"(number theory) Sekalowooleza Muwanga namba azizimbye mu biti byazo nga bwe biri mu Lungereza Bwati:

(i) Namba ezibala (Counting numbers)      1,2,3,4,5,6,......

(ii)Namba eza kibazo(Cardinal numbers)    1,2,3,4,5,6,.....

(iii) Namba ez'Obutonde (Natural numbers) 1,2,3,4,5,6,....

(iv) Namba eza Ndagakifo(Ordenal number)  1ka  , 2li , 3tu  

(v)Namba eza ndagalinnya (Nominal numbers)

(vi) Namba zennyini(Real numbers)

(vi) Kyegabanya   (Even numbers)         0,2,4,6,8,.....

(vii)  Kigaaniremu(Odd numbers)          3,5,7,9,11,13,15,...

(viii)  Kigaanira(Odd numbers )         Ze za kigaaniremu

(ix)  Kibalirampuyibbiri(Integers)      .....-5,-4,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4,5,....

(x) Kiddannyuma (Negatives)             .....-5,-4,-3,-2,-1

(xi) Kiddamaaso(Positives)               +1,+2,+3,+4,+5,.....

(xii)Namba ez'omugerageranyo(Rational numbers)

(xiii)Namba ezitali za mugerageranyo (Irrational numbers)

(xiv) Emitonnyeze(Decimal numbers)

(xv) Emikutule(Fractions)

(xvi)Kyebiriga(Square numbers)

(xvii)Kyesatuza (Cube numbers)

(xviii) Namba ez'omuteeberezo(Imaginary numbers)

(xiv) Namba enzibuwavu (Complex numbers)

(xv)Namba ez'Ekirooma(Roman numbers)
Emisingi gya Namba

Mu Luganda OLuzimbiddwa Muwanga Omusingi gwa namba(number base) era oyinza okukigattika ne kifuuka "omusimba(base). Mu butuuf "omugereeso gwa namba"(number theory)gusimbira mu "ensengekera za namba"(nmber systems) ez'enjawulo , omuli:
(i) Omusingi gwa  namba ogwa bbiri (Number base two). Guno musimba gwa bbiri
(ii) Omusingi gwa namba ogwa satu(Number base three).Guno musimba gwa satu
(iii)Omusingigwa namba ogwa kkumi (Number base ten).Guno musimba gwa kkumi
(iv) Omusingi gwa namba ogwa kumi na mukaaga(Number base sixteen).Guno musimba gwa kumi na mukaaga

n'emirala.

Mu "ekibalangulo ekya bulijjo"(ordinary mathematics),ababalanguzi bakozesa omusimba ogwa kumi(decimal base) nga guno gwe musingi gwa namba ogwa kumi. 

Kompyuta zzo zisimbira m,u musimba gwa bbiri(base two) oluusi mu musimba ogwa kumi n'omukaaga(number base sixteen).