Petroglyphum

[thumb|300px|Petroglypha in "Newspaper Rock" prope Canyonlands National Park, in meridie [Moab Utae in Civitatibus Foederatis Americae.]]

**Petroglyphum** (ex Graeco *petros* 'lapis' + *glyphein* 'caelare, scalpere, sculpere'; verbo primum facto Francogallice *pétroglyphe*) sive **scalptura lapidaria** (-ae, *f*)

Aliis petroglyphorum imaginibus probabiliter fuerunt penitae significationes culturales religiosaeque societatibus quae eas fecerunt. Multa petroglypha habentur genus linguae symbolicae vel ritualis, non plene comprehensae. Glypha ex Aetate Aenea Nordica in Scandinavia ut videntur indicant fines inter tribus, quamquam eis etiam sint significationes religiosae. Inscriptiones Sibericae paene accedunt similem esse novis runorum formis, sed, quamquam bene non iam intellectae, non habentur cum eis consociatae.

Explicationes controversae docentur a Psychologia Iungiana et iudiciis Mirceae Eliade. Secundum has theorias, similitudo inter petroglypha (et alia symbola atavistica vel archetypica) culturarum continentiumque distinctorum genetica sit hereditas structurae cerebri humani.

Aliae theoriae subiciunt petroglypha factas esse a vates (shaman) in commutato sensús statu (Lewis-Williams  2002), fortasse inducto ab usura
hallucinogenum naturalium. Multa exemplaria geometrica, dicta constantia formae (Anglice *form constants*), quae in petroglyphis et picturis cavernarum passim reperiuntur, probata sunt stabiliter infixa (Anglice: *hard-wired*) cerebro humano; multa in turbationibus oculorum et alucinationibus a medicamentis, severis capitis doloribus (hemicraniis; Anglice *migraines*), et aliis stimulis effectis reperiuntur. 

## Index situum petroglypha habentium
### Africa
[thumb|200px|Petroglypha dicta "Meerkatze" (*Suricata suricatta*), nominatae a [Leo Frobenius|Leone Frobenio archaeologo: erectae leones in Wadi Methkandoush regionis Mesak Settafet Libyae.]]
* Tassili n'Ajjer Algeriae
* Bidzar Cameroniae
* Bambari, Lengo, et Bangassou in meridie Reipublicae Mediae Africae; Bwale in occidenti
* Niola Doa Tzadiae
* Vallis Niari Fluminis in Republica Congolensi, 250km inter occasum solis et meridiem Brazzavillae  
* Vallis Ogooue Fluminis Gaboniae
* Akakus Libyae
* Jebel Uweinat Libyae
* Vallis Draa Fluminis in Maroco
* Twyfelfontein Namibiae
* Camelopardales in Dabous Rock, Air Mountains Niger
* Wadi Hammamat in Qift Aegypti

### Asia
[thumb|125px|Petroglypha in insula [Cheung Chau, Hong Kong.]]
[thumb|125px|Petroglypha apud Cholpon-Ata in [Kyrgyzstania.]]
[thumb|125px|Petroglyphae [Tamgaly in Cazachia.]]
[thumb|125px|Scalpturae [Buddhismus|Buddhistae ad Ili Flumen in Cazachia.]]

#### Atropatene
* Gobustan State Reserve

#### Corea
* Bangudae Petroglypha

#### India
* Edakkal Cavernae 
* Bhimbetka perfugia lapidea in Raisen Pago in Madhya Pradesh
* Perumukkal, Thindivanam, ante Chennai, Tamil Nadu.

#### Kazachstania
* Pelvis Chumysh Fluminis
* Tamgaly ad Ili Flumen
* Tamgaly

#### Kyrgyzstania
* Nonnulli situs in Tianschanicis montibus: Cholpon-Ata, Valles Talas, Saimaluu Tash, et promontorium saxosum Solium Suleiman appellatum in regione Osensi in Ferganica valle.

#### Pakistania
* Rock art and petroglyphs in Northern Areas
 
#### Russia
* Petroglypha locis *Kalbak-Taš* ('Lapis Planus') prope ripam dextram Tschuiae fluminis in re publica Altai
* Pictogrammata Sulekensia (*Sulekskaja pisanica*) in re publica Chakassia
* Pictogrammata Tomensia (*Tomskaja pisanica*) in regione Kemerovensi

#### Sina
* Octo situs in Hong Kong: in insula Tung Lung, Kau Sai Chau, Po Toi Island, Cheung Chau, Shek Pik Lantau Insulae, Wong Chuk Hang, et Sinu Undae Magnae in Hong Kong Insula, Lung Ha Wan in Sai Kung
* Yin Montes in Mongolia Interiore

### Oceania
#### Polynesia

Fasciculus:Petroglyph on the western coast of Hawaii.jpg|Petroglypha in occidentali Havaiorum litore.
Fasciculus:Hawaii petroglyph men.jpg|Hawaii Volcanoes National Park.
Fasciculus:Motu Nui.jpg|Petroglypha in Orongone Insulae Paschalis: Makemake apud fundamentum et duo *tangata manu* altiore.

* Havaii (praecipue Magna Insula)
* Petroglypha Insulae Paschalis

#### Australia
[thumb|150px|[Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park Australiae.]]
* Arecani Terra / Kakadu National Park, Australia Septentrionalis
* Murujuga Australiae Occidentalis
* Sydney Rock Engravings Novae Cambriae Australia

#### Philippinae
* Angono Petroglyphs in Rizal Philippinarum

### America Australis
* Cumbe Mayo Peruviae
* Petroglypha Pusharo Peruviae
* Corantijn Pelvis Surinamiae
* Caicara del Orinoco Venetiolae

### Media America
* Rincon de la Vieja Orae Opulentae

### America Septentrionalis

Fasciculus:Petroglyph 2 tds.jpg|Uta meridionalis.
Fasciculus:Petroglyphs tds.jpg|Uta meridionalis.
Fasciculus:Spiderweb petroglyph on the Waterfall Trail in the White Tank Mountains, Arizonia.jpg|Petroglyphum sicut tela in White Tank Mountain Regional Park Waterfall Trail Arizonae.
Fasciculus:Petroglyphs on a Bishop Tuff tableland-750px.jpg|Petroglypha in Bishop Tuff tableland,Californiae orientalis.

thumb|100px|Petroglypha in Arches National Park.
[thumb|100px|Petroglypha in [Arizona.]]
[thumb|100px|Petroglypha in [Columbia River Gorge, Vasintoniae.]]
[thumb|100px|Petroglypha extra [Parras Coahuilae Mexici.]]
[thumb|100px|Petroglyphum "chipping" in White Tank Mountain Regional Park Waterfall Trail [Arizonae.]]
* Anulus Mons Marin Comitatus Californiae
* Arches National Park Utae
* Capitol Reef National Park Utae
* Columbia Hills State Park Vasintoniae
* The Cove Palisades State Park Oregoniae
* Death Valley National Park Californiae
* Dinosaur National Monument, Colorati et Utae
* Glypha Virginiae Occidentalis
* Grimes Point Nivatae *Grimes Point National Recreation* apud www.americantrails.org
* Jeffers Petroglypha Minnesotae
* Kanopolis State Park Kansiae
* Kejimkujik National Park Novae Scotiae
* La Proveedora Caborcae Mexici
* Lava Beds National Monument prope Tule Lake Californiae
* Legend Rock Petroglyph Site, Thermopolis Vyominae
* Leo Petroglypuma Leonis Ohii *OHS - Places - Leo Petroglyph* apud www.ohiohistory.org
* Maturango Canyon in Coso Range (Northern Mojave) Californiae*Maturango Museum Petroglyph Tours (DesertUSA)* apud www.desertusa.com
* Mina in Novo Leone Mexici
* Newspaper Rock State Historic Monument Utae
* Olympic National Park Vasintoniae
* Paintlick Mons Tazewell Comitatus Virginiae https://web.archive.org/web/20071226003313/http://www.craborchardmuseum.com/Burke%27s%20Garden.htm#Paint_Lick_
* Petit Jean State Park Arcansiae
* Petrified Forest National Park
* Petroglyph National Monument
* Petroglyphs Provincial Park, ad septentrionalem Peterborough Ontarionis
* Petroglyph Provincial Park, Nanaimo Columbiae Britannicae *BC Parks - Petroglyph Provincial Park, Nanaimo, Vancouver Island, British Columbia* apud www.britishcolumbia.com
* Sanilac Petroglyphs Historic State Park Michiganiae
* Sedona Arizonae
* Seminole Canyon Texiae
* Sloan Canyon National Conservation Area Nivatae
* Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area Nivatae
* Rochester Rock Art Panel Utae
* Sanctus Ioannes, US Virgin Islands
* South Mountain Park Arizonae
* Stuart Lacus Columbiae Britannicae
* Three Rivers Petroglyphs Novi Mexici https://web.archive.org/web/20070618113332/http://www.nm.blm.gov/recreation/las_cruces/three_rivers.htm
* Valley of Fire State Park Nivatae
* White Tank Mountain Regional Park, Waddell Arizonae
* Writing Rock State Historical Site Dakotae Septemtrionalis
* Writing-on-Stone Provincial Park ad orientem Milk Fluminis Albertae

#### Portus Dives
* Lapis Scriptus (*La Piedra Escrita*) in Jayuya Portus Divitis
* Caguana Indian Park in Utuado Portus Divitis
* Caverna Indorum (*La Cueva del Indio*) in Arecibo Portus Divitis
* Tibes Indian Park in Ponce Portus Divitis

#### Republica Dominicana
* Caverna Miraculorum (*Cueva de las Maravillas*)
* Tres Oculi (*Los tres Ojos*)

### Europa 
[thumb|150px|Petroglypha in Foppe [Nadro Vallis Camonicae Italiae.]]
[thumb|150px|Duel in Foppe [Nadro Vallis Camonicae Italiae.]]
[thumb|150px|Presbyter currens in [Capo di Ponte, Vallis Camonicae Italiae.]]
[thumb|150px|Scalptura in Tanum [Sueciae.]]
[thumb|150px|Scalptura "Sutor" in Brastad [Sueciae.]]
[thumb|150px|Petroglyphum in Roque Bentayga [Magna Canaria|Magnae Canariae Canariarum Insularum.]]

#### Britannia 
##### Anglia 
Signa poculi et anuli in:
* Northumberland
* County Durham
* Ilkley Moor Yorkshire,
* Gardom's Edge Derbyshire

##### Scotia 
* Museum of Ayrshire Country Life and Costume, Ayrshire Septentrionalis

#### Francia 
* Mercantour National Park Franciae

#### Hibernia 
* Newgrange Hiberniae

#### Hispania 
* Petroglypha in Galaecia

#### Italia 
* Petroglypha in Valcamonica
* Stela Bagnolo Valcamonicae Italiae

#### Lusitania 
* Ars Palaeolithica in Côa Valle Lusitaniae

#### Norvegia 
* Petroglypha apud Altam
* Petroglypha in Media Norvegia
* Petroglypha apud Møllerstufossen
* Petroglypha apud Tennes

#### Russia 
* Petroglypha Belomorskensia, Kanozerensia et Onegana in re publica Carelia (res publica)
* Pictogrammata Uralensia in regione Sverdloviensi

#### Suecia 
* Tanumshede (Bohuslän) 
* Himmelstalund (prope Norrköping in Östergötland)
* Enköping Upplandiae
* Southwest Skåne Götalandiae
* Alvhem Västra Götalandiae
* Torhamn Blekingiae
* Nämforsen Ångermanlandiae
* Häljesta Västmanlandiae
* Slagsta Södermanlande
* Glösa Jämtlandiae
* Sepulcrum Regis

#### Turcia 
* Kars, Camuslu Vicus
* Kars, Kagizman Caverna
* Erzurum, Cunni Caverna
* Ordu, Esatli
* Hakkari, Gevaruk Valles

#### Ucraina 
* Tumulus lapideus (''Kam'jana Mohyla*)
* Stelae lapideae Ucrainae

### Media Orientalis 
* Wadi Rum Iordaniae
* Wadi Faynan Iordaniae
* "Graffiti Rocks", circa 110 km SW of Riyadh ante via ad Meccam

[thumb|250px|Scalptores in [Valles Camonica|Valle Carmonia Italiae.]]
* Ars lapidea
* Ars megalithica
* Ars parietalis
* Geoglypha
* Historia communicationis
* Inukshuk
* Petrosomatoglypha
* Petroforma
* Pictura cavernarum
* Signum poculi anulique
* Stela 

## Nexus externi 
* Ars lapidea Northumberland
* Petroglyphae Dampier
* Petroglyphae in Peru

## Bibliographia 
* Beckensall, Stan. 1983 *Northumberland's Prehistoric Rock Carvings: A Mystery Explained.* Rothbury, Northumberland: Pendulum Publications.
* Beckensall, Stan. 2001. *Prehistoric Rock Art in Northumberland.* Tempus Publishing. ISBN 0-7524-1945-5.
* Beckensall, Stan, et Tim Laurie. 1998. *Prehistoric Rock Art of County Durham, Swaledale and Wensleydale.* County Durham Books. ISBN 1-897585-45-4.
* Keyser, James D. 1992. *Indian Rock Art of the Columbia Plateau.* University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0-295-97160-5.
* Lewis-Williams, D. 2002. *A Cosmos in Stone: Interpreting Religion and Society through Rock Art.* Walnut Creek, California: Altamira Press.
* Morris, Ronald. 1979. *The Prehistoric Rock Art of Galloway and The Isle of Man.'' Blandford Press. ISBN 978-0-7137-0974-2.

## Notae 

Categoria:Aetas lapidea
Categoria:Ars praehistorica
Categoria:Historia communicationis
Categoria:Inscriptiones
Categoria:Praehistoria scripturae