Sacra Eleusinia

[thumb|upright=1.25|[tabula Ninnii votiva|Tabula votiva, Eleusine in sanctuario reperta, elementa sacrorum Eleusiniorum (medio saeculo IV a.C.n.) depingit.]]
[thumb|[Triptolemus, triplicem tritici fasciculum praebens, benedictiones Demetris et Persephones accipit. Caelatura saeculi quinti a.C.n., in Museo Mationali Archaeologico Athenarum conservatum.]]
[thumb|upright=1|[Demeter, in regali solio sedens, Metaniram genibus nitentem manu benedicit, quae triticum triplicem porrigit, permanens arcanorum signum (Pictor Varrese, hydria figurarum rubrarum ca. 340 a.C.n., ex Apulia).]]

**Sacra Eleusinia** sive **mysteria Eleusina**, (Graece ) saepe aliter appellata, fuerunt initia Demetris et Persephones quotannis habita, Eleusine in Atticae antiquae oppido notissimo condita. Quae sacra inter ceteras caerimonias apud antiquos celebrata maximi momenti habebantur. 

Constat Eleusinia sacra fuisse in vetere cultu agrario posita, qui a tempore Mycenaeo (c. 1600–1100 a.C.n.) originem trahere videtur. Notio immortalitatis, quae in religionibus syncretisticis antiquitatis comparet, antiquitate exeunte introducta est. Mysteriis illis Persephone a Plutone rege inferorum () ex manibus Demetris matris abducta repraesentabatur. Qui mythus, dispositus circulo tripartito qui in descensu (propter amissionem) et indagatione et adscensu consistebat, praecipue de adscensu Persephones eiusque cum matre reconciliatione narrabat. Mysteria Eleusina fuerunt feriae maioris momenti aetate Hellenistica celebratae, quae postea Romam manaverunt. *Eleusin*, nomen oppidi, prae-Graecum esse videtur. Sunt qui putent huic nomini cognationem esse cum Elysio (Graece ) et Ilithyia (Graece ).

Ritus, caerimoniae, fides fuerunt res absconditae, perpetuo celatae et custoditae. Qui initiati erant credebant sese in vita posteriore compensationem accepturos esse. Hodie multae picturae fragmentaque figlinae sunt quae varios arcanorum aspectus describunt. Quia arcana imaginum visiones et vitae posterioris praestigias comprehendebant, nonnulli eruditi hodierni putant potestatem et longaevitatem mysteriorum Eleusinorum ex rebus psychedelicis emanavisse.

## Mythologia Demetris et Persephones
Mysteria ad mythum de Demetre pertinent, dea agriculturae et fertilitatis, ut in uno ex Hymnis Homericis (ca. 650 a.C.n.) narratur. Secundum hymnum, Persephone Demetris filia (etiam *Kore* 'Virgo' appellata), cum ea et amicae flores conligerent, ab Hade, deo mortis infernique Graeci, capta est; qui eam ad suum regnum subterraneum abstulit. Demeter conturbata filiam ubique petebat. Ob suam miseriam, adque cogendum Iovem ut sineret Persephonem redire, terribilem effecit siccitatem, quo homines dolore adfecti fameque confecti sunt; quo deos sacrificiis et veneratione privaret. Evenit ut Zeus molliens Persephonem sivit ad matrem redire.

Ex mytho, Demeter indagans procul errat, cum multa patret incepta minora. Verum aliquando tamen Triptolemum arcanis agriculturae docet. Ad extremum, Iove consulto, Demeter filiam sibi coniungit, ac tellus in priorem viriditatem prosperitatemque primo autumno restituitur.

Zeus, a ploratibus hominum pressus qui fame periebant aliorumque deum qui mortalium exaudiebant angorem, Hadem ut Persephonen remitteret coegit. Erat autem regula Fatorum quod quicumque cibum vel potionem in inferno consumpsit aeternitatem ibi degere debuit. Antequam Persephone est Hermi liberata (qui ad eam recuperandam missus erat), Hades fraude ac dolio fecit ut ea semina mali granati ederet, sex vel quattuor, secundum auctorem; quo facto, in infernos nonnullos menses quotannis redire debuit, cum Hade sex vel quattuor menses (cuique semini singulo mense), cum matre super terram aequale tempore commorari. Filia diu absente, mater tristis terram cultam neglegere coepit; filia autem ad superficiem reducta, mater laetabilis vegetationem telluris denuo curabat. 

## Notae 
## Fontes 
*Andocides, *De Mysteriis*; *Contra Alcibiadem* (apocrypha)
*Epictetus, *Dissertationes* III.21.13-16

## Bibliographia
*Apud Clementem Alexandrinum, *Exhortation to the Greeks* (Meyer 1999:18).
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* Cicero. *De Legibus,* 2.14.36.
* Clinton, Kevin. 1974. "The Sacred Officials of the Eleusinian Mysteries", *Transactions of the American Philosophical Society*ː 1-143 
**1994. "The Epidauria and the Arrival of Asclepius in Athens" in *Ancient Greek Cult Practice from the Epigraphical Evidence.* Ed. R. Hägg. Holmiae. ISBN 91-7916-029-8.
* Evans, Nancy A. 2002. "Sanctuaries, Sacrifices, and the Eleusinian Mysteries", *Numen*ː 227-254
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* Greene, William C. 1946. "The Return of Persephone." In *Classical Philology.* Sicagi: University of Chicago Press.
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* Kerényi, Karl. 1991. *Eleusis: Archetypal Image of Mother and Daughter.* Princetoniae: Princeton University Press ISBN 0-691-01915-0.
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* Moore, Clifford H. 1916. *Religious Thought of the Greeks*. Reimpressio: Kessinger Publishing Aprili 2003. ISBN 0-7661-5130-1.
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*Robertson, Noel D.  1998. "The Two Processions to Eleusis and the Program of the Mysteries", *The American Journal of Philology*ː 547-575 
* Rohde, Erwin. 1925. *Psyche: The Cult of Souls and the Belief in Immortality among the Greeks.* Ed. 8a. A W. B. Hillis conversus. Routledge & Kegan Paul. Reimprssio Routledge.
* Shulgin, Alexander, ET Ann Shulgin. 1997. *TiHKAL.* Transform Press.
* Smith, William. 2006. *A New Classical Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography, Mythology and Geography.* 2 voll. Kessinger Publishing, LLC. ISBN 1-4286-4561-6.
* Smith, William. 175. *A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities.* Londinii.
* Taylor, Thomas. 1790. *The Eleusinian and Bacchic Mysteries: a dissertation*. Amstelodami (i.e., Londinii). Editio quarta, 1891.
* Tripolitis, Antonia. 2001. *Religions of the Hellenistic-Roman Age.* Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 0-8028-4913-X.
* Vaughn, Steck. 1994. *Demeter and Persephone.* Steck Vaughn Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8114-3362-4.
* Wasson, R, Carl Ruck, et Albert Hofmann. 1978. *The Road to Eleusis: Unveiling the Secret of the Mysteries.* Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich. ISBN 0-15-177872-8.
*Willoughby, Harold R. 2003. "The Greater Mysteries at Eleusis," caput 2, ex *Pagan Regeneration: A Study of Mystery Initiations in the Graeco-Roman World.* Kessinger Publishing, ISBN 0-7661-8083-2.

## Nexus externi
*Edward A. Beach, "The Eleusinian Mysteries," www.uwec.edu
*Thomas R. Martin, "The Eleusinian Mysteries," web.archive.org (ex *An Overview of Classical Greek History from Homer to Alexander*)
*Imagines Inscriptionum Arcanorum Eleusinorum, eleusis.library.cornell.edu (Cornell University Library)
*R. Gordon Wasson, Albert Hofmann, et Carl A. P. Ruck, Praefatio et caput primum ex libro *The Road to Eleusis,* www.psychedelic-library.org
**Rosicrucian Digest,* vol. 87, www.rosicrucian.org
 
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Categoria:Athenae antiquae