Aposematismus

[thumb|upright=0.6|left|Clari huius *[Oophaga granulifera|Oophagae granuliferae* colores de eius statu venenoso praedatores monent.]]
[thumb|Conspicua *[Mellivora capensis|Mellivorae capensis* adumbratio contraria de eius indole hostili et dentibus unguibusque acutis monet.]]
[thumb|upright=0.8|[Colores *Metasepiae pfefferi,* speciei cephalopodorum, de statu venenoso monent.]]
[thumb|upright=0.8|*[Hycleus lugens,* coleopterum aposematicum.]]
[thumb|*[Mephitis mephitis,* mammal aposematicum.]]
[thumb|upright=0.8|Sunt indicia *[Phyllidia varicosa|Phyllidiam varicosam* et alia nudibranchia esse aposematica.]]
[thumb|upright=0.8|Conspicui *[Acanthaster planci|Acanthastri planci* colores.]]
[thumb|upright=0.7|*[Micrurus tener,* venenosus et vere aposematicus anguis elapidus.]]
[thumb|upright=0.7|*[Lampropeltis triangulum,* anguis innocuus, imitationem Batesianam *Micruri teneri* monstrat.]]
**Aposematismus** (Graece ἀπό 'ab', 'de' + σῆμα 'signum') est notio Alfredi Russel Wallace de **coloratione monitoria,** de usu signorum praecipue colorum ad insectatores aliosque hostes prohibendos adhibito. Quod verbum gregem describit accommodationum antipraedatoriarum in quibus **signum monitionis** consociatur cum inutilitate praedae praedatoribus futuris.

Aposematismus signa praeconii semper implicat, quae usitatam habere possunt adhibitionem colorum, sonorum, odorum, vel aliarum proprietatum quae distincte percipi possunt. Signa aposematica praedatori praedaeque prodesse possunt, quia ambo iniuriam futuram evitare possunt. Usitatissimi et efficacissimi colores sunt ruber, flavus, niger, albus.

*Dissimulatio - notio contraria
*Imitatio Batesiana
*Imitatio Mülleriana

## Notae
## Bibliographia
*Capinera, John L., ed. 2008. *Encyclopedia of Entomology.* Ed. 2a. Springer. ISBN 9781402062421.
*Caro, Timothy M. 2016. *Zebra stripes.* Sicagi: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226411019.
*Edmunds, M. 1974. *Defence in Animals.* Longman. ISBN 0582441323.
*Eisner, T., et R. P. Grant. 1981. Toxicity, Odor Aversion, and 'Olfactory Aposematism'. *Science* 213 (4506): 476. doi:10.1126/science.7244647. PMID 7244647.
*Komárek, Stanislav. 2003. *Mimikry, aposematismus a příbuzné jevy.* [Anglice *Mimicry, aposematism and related phenomena : mimetism in nature and the history of its study.*] Monaci: Lincom Europa. ISBN 3895868515.
*Poulton, Edward Bagnall. 1890. *The Colours of Animals, their meaning and use, especially considered in the case of insects.* Londinii: Kegan Paul, Trench & Trübner.
*Ruxton, Graeme D., M. P. Speed, et T. N. Sherratt. 2004. *Avoiding Attack: The Evolutionary Ecology of Crypsis, Warning Signals and Mimicry.* Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198528604.
*Santos, J. C., Luis A. Coloma, et D. C. Cannatella. 2003. Multiple, recurring origins of aposematism and diet specialization in poison frogs. *PNAS,* 28 Octobris. doi:10.1073/pnas.100.22.12792.
*Stevens, Martin. 2016. *Cheats and deceits: how animals and plants exploit and mislead.* Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198707899. ISBN 0198707894.
*Stevens, Martin, et G. D. Ruxton. 2012. Linking the evolution and form of warning colouration in nature. *Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences* 279: 417–426. doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.1932. PMID 22113031. PMC 3234570.
*Wallace, Alfred Russel. 1877. The Colours of Animals and Plants. I.—The Colours of Animals. ''Macmillan's Magazine'' 36 (215): 384–408.

## Nexus externi
Categoria:Evolutio
Categoria:Colores
Categoria:Communicatio animalium