Ranidae

**Ranidae** sunt familia amphibiorum ordinis Anurorum, cui est latissima distributio ullius familiae anurorum. Per plurimum orbis terrarum abundant, in omnibus continentibus praeter Antarcticam habitantes. Adsunt in America Septentrionali, septentrionali America Australi, Europa, Africa (Madagascaria non exclusa), et Asia. Earum terrae Asianae trans Indos Orientales ad Novam Guineam extenduntur, ac sola species, *Hylarana daemelii,* ad extremas Australiae regiones septentrionales pervenit.

Ranidis sunt cutis plerumque levis et umida, crura magna et fortia, ac pedes plerumque ad nandum accommodati. Ranidae magnitudine late variant, a minusculis, sicut *Lithobates sylvatica,* ad magnas.

Multae Ranidae sunt aquaticae vel prope aquam habitant. Multae species ova ponunt in aqua et stationem ranunculi experiuntur. Cum autem plurimis anurorum familiis, habitatio intra familiam magnopere variat. Etiam sunt species arboreales, et familia comprehendit nonnulla ex paucis amphibiis quae in aqua amara vivere possunt.

### Genera
[thumb|upright=1|[Caput *Pelophylacis esculenti,* communis ranae Europaeae.]]
[thumb|*[Odorrana ishikawae.*]]
[thumb|*[Hydrophylax bahuvistara.*]]
[thumb|*[Clinotarsus curtipes,* cum *Meristogenys* et *Huia* cognatus.]]
[thumb|*[Hylarana aurantiaca.*]]
[thumb|*[Lithobates sylvaticus* vel *Rana sylvatica.*]]
Subdivisiones Ranidarum iam disputantur. Plurimae subfamiliae olim inter Ranidas digestae nunc familiae separatae (Petropedetidae, Cacosterninae, Mantellidae, Dicroglossidae) habentur, solum subfamiliá Raninarum manente. Genera sequentia in familia Ranidarum agnoscuntur:

**Abavorana* Oliver, Prendini, Kraus, et Raxworthy, 2015
**Amnirana* Dubois, 1992
**Amolops* Cope, 1865
**Babina* Thompson, 1912
**Chalcorana* Dubois, 1992
**Clinotarsus* Mivart 1869
**Glandirana* Fei, Ye, et Huang, 1990 
**Huia* Yang, 1991
**Humerana* Dubois, 1992
**Hydrophylax* Fitzinger, 1843
**Hylarana* Tschudi 1838 
**Indosylvirana* Oliver, Prendini, Kraus, et Raxworthy, 2015
**Lithobates* Fitzinger, 1843
**Meristogenys* Yang, 1991
**Nidirana* Dubois, 1992
**Odorrana* Fei, Ye, et Huang, 1990 
**Papurana* Dubois, 1992
**Pelophylax* Fitzinger 1843 
**Pseudorana* Fei, Ye, et Huang, 1990
**Pterorana* Kiyasetuo et Khare, 1986
**Pulchrana* Dubois, 1992
**Rana* Linnaeus, 1758
**Sanguirana* Dubois, 1992
**Staurois* Cope, 1865
**Sumaterana* Arifin, Smart, Hertwig, Smith, Iskandar, et Haas, 2018
**Sylvirana* Dubois, 1992

### Species incertae sedis
Aliquot taxa in Ranidis incerta sede ad tempus ponuntur. 
* "*Hylarana*" *attigua* (Inger, Orlov, and Darevsky, 1999)
* "*Hylarana*" *celebensis* (Peters, 1872)
* "*Hylarana*" *chitwanensis* (Das, 1998)
* "*Hylarana*" *garoensis* (Boulenger, 1920)
* "*Hylarana*" *lateralis* (Boulenger, 1887)
* "*Hylarana*" *latouchii* (Boulenger, 1899)
* "*Hylarana*" *margariana* Anderson, 1879
* "*Hylarana*" *montivaga* (Smith, 1921)
* "*Hylarana*" *persimilis* (Van Kampen, 1923)

## Notae
## Bibliographia
**Amphibian Species of the World 5.5, an Online Reference.* "Hylarana Tschudi, 1838". American Museum of Natural History.
*Cogger, H. G., Richard G. Zweifel, et D. Kirschner. 2004. *Encyclopedia of Reptiles & Amphibians.* Ed. secunda. Fog City Press. ISBN 1-877019-69-0.
*Cai, Hong-xia, Jing Che, Jun-feng, Pang, Er-mi Zhao, et Ya-ping Zhang. 2007. "Paraphyly of Chinese *Amolops* (Anura, Ranidae) and phylogenetic position of the rare Chinese frog, *Amolops tormotus.*" *Zootaxa* 1531: 49–55. PDF.
*Frost, Darrel R. 2006. *Amphibian Species of the World Version 3.* Petropedetidae Noble, 1931. Novi Eboraci: American Museum of Natural History.
*Frost, Darrel R. et al. 2006. "The amphibian tree of life." *Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History* 297. Novi Eboraci.
*Gordon, Malcolm S., Knut Schmidt-Nielsen, et Hamilton M. Kelly. 1961. "Osmotic Regulation in the Crab-Eating Frog (*Rana cancrivora*)." *Journal of Exp. Biol.* 38 (3): 659–78. PDF.
*Hillis, D. M. 2007. "Constraints in naming parts of the Tree of Life." *Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.* 42 (2): 331–38. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.08.001.
*Hillis, D. M., et T. P. Wilcox. 2005. "Phylogeny of the New World true frogs (*Rana*)." *Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution* 34 (2): 299–314. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.10.007. PDF.
*Kotaki, Manabu, Atsushi Kurabayashi, Masafumi Matsui, Wichase Khonsue, Tjong Hon Djong, Manui Tandon, et Masayuki Sumida. 2008. "Genetic Divergences and Phylogenetic Relationships among the *Fejervarya limnocharis* Complex in Thailand and Neighboring Countries Revealed by Mitochondrial and Nuclear Genes." *Zool. Sci.* 25 (4): 381–90. doi:10.2108/zsj.25.381.
*Pauly, Greg B., David M. Hillis, et David Charles Cannatella. 2009. "Taxonomic freedom and the role of official lists of species names." *Herpetologica* 65: 115–28.
*Rafinesque, C. S. 2007. "Fine del prodromo d'erpetologia siciliana." *Specchio delle Scienze, o, Giornale Enciclopedico di Sicilia* 2: 102–104.
*Stuart, Bryan L. 2008. "The phylogenetic problem of Huia (Amphibia: Ranidae)." *Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.* 46 (1): 49-60. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.09.016. PDF. 

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Categoria:Taxa Rafinesque
Categoria:Taxa 1814