Deflatio monetalis

[thumb|upright=1.8|Proportiones [inflatio monetalis|inflationis per annum (caeruleus) et deflationis per annum (viridis) in Civitatibus Foederatis ab anno 1666 an annum 2019.]]
[thumb|upright=1.3|[United States Consumer Price Index|US CPI-U ex 1913. Fons: U.S. Department Of Labor.]]
thumb|upright=1.3|Classici pretiorum circuli.
[thumb|upright=1.3|Pretia in [Iaponia ex annis 1990, tempore deflationis pertinacis.]]
**Deflatio monetale** in oeconomica est deminutio generalis pretiorum indicis mercimoniorum et ministeriorum. Deflatio fit cum proportio inflationis sub zerum laxet, proportionem inflationis negativam efficiens. Inflatio pretium monetae per tempus minuit, sed deflatio id augit, sinens ut homines plura mercimonia et ministeria emere possint quam antea, eádem summá pecuniae utentes. Deflatio a disinflatione distinguitur, retardatione proportionis inflationis, cum inflatio ad proportionem altiorem laxet sed positiva iam manet.

Oeconomistae plerumque credunt deflationem esse difficultatem oeconomiae hodiernae quia verum aeris alieni pretium auget, praecipue si deflatio improvisa est. Deflatio etiam recessiones aggravare, et spiram deflationariam instigare potest.

Deflatio plerumque fit cum commeatus est magnus (cum nimis productionis fit) dum postulatio est humilis (cum consumptio decrescit), vel cum summa monetae decrescit (aliquando recessioni a collocatione neglegenti vel *credit crunch* respondens) vel ob effluvium capitalis ex oeconomiá. Etiam fieri potest ob nimis competitionem et contractionem macelli in unum locum haud sufficientem.

* Accumulatio capitalis
* Aes alienum
* Henricus Brüning
* Capitale
* Creditum
* Crisis pecuniaria
* Historia oeconomica
* Hyperinflatio
* Inaequalitas oeconomica
* Magna Depressio Oeconomica
* Reflatio
* Theoria valoris
* Unda Kondratieviensis
* Valor (oeconomica)

## Notae 
## Bibliographia 
* Acocella, Nicola. 2011. "The deflationary bias of exit strategies in the EMU countries." *Review of economic conditions in Italy* 2-3: 471-93.
* Barro, Robert J., et Vittorio Grilli. 1994. *European Macroeconomics.* ISBN 0-333-57764-7.
* Bernanke, Ben S. 2002. "Deflation: Making Sure 'It' Doesn't Happen Here.". USA Federal Reserve Board, 21 Novembris 2002.
* Bethmann, Johann Philipp, Freiherr von. 1987. *Die Deflationsspirale: auf dem Weg in die zweite Weltwirtschaftskrise.* Francofurti: Athenäum. ISBN 361004702X.
* Blanchard, O, G. Dell’Ariccia, et P. Mauro. 2010. "Rethinking macroeconomic policy." *Journal of Money, Credit and Banking* 42, no. 1 (18 Augusti): 199–215. doi:10.1111/j.1538-4616.2010.00334.x.*Bordo, Michael, et Andrew Filardo. 2005. "Deflation and monetary policy in a historical perspective: Remembering the past or being condemned to repeat it?" *Economic Policy,* October: 799–844.
* Chesnair, Jean-Claude. 1997. "Les racines démographiques de la déflation." *Le Débat* 94.
* Erber, Georg. 2003. "The Risk of Deflation in Germany and the Monetary Policy of the ECB." *Cesifo Forum* 4 (3): 24–29.
* Fisher, Irving. 1933. "The debt-deflation theory of great depressions." *Econometrica* 1 (4): 337–57. doi:10.2307/1907327.
* Goodhart, Charles, et Boris Hofmann. 2004. "Deflation, credit and asset prices." In *Deflation: Current and Historical Perspectives,* ed. Richard C. K. Burdekin et Pierre L. Siklos. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521837995.
* Hummel, Jeffrey Rogers. 2007. "Death and Taxes, Including Inflation: the Public versus Economists." *EconJournalWatch,* Ianuarius 2007. PDF.
* International Monetary Fund. 2003. *Deflation: Determinants, Risks, and Policy Options: Findings of an Independent Task Force.* Vasingtoniae, 30 Aprilis 2003.
* International Monetary Fund. 2006. *World Economic Outlook 2006: Globalization and Inflation.* Vasingtoniae, Aprilis 2006.
* Issing, Otmar. 2002. "The euro after four years: is there a risk of deflation?" *16th European Finance Convention, 2 December 2002.* Londinii: Europäische Zentralbank, Frankfurt am Main.
* Kamin, Steven B., Mario Marazzi, et John W. Schindler. 2004. *Is China "Exporting Deflation"?* International Finance Discussion Papers, 791. Vasingtoniae: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Ianuarius 2004.
* Krugman, Paul. 1998. "It's Baaaaack: Japan's Slump and the Return of the Liquidity Trap." *Brookings Papers on Economic Activity* 2: 137–205. PDF.
* Krugman, Paul. 2010. "Why Is Deflation Bad?" *New York Times,* 2 Augusti 2010.
* O'Sullivan, Arthur, et Steven M. Sheffrin. 2003. *Economics: Principles in Action.* Upper Saddle River Novae Caesareae: Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-063085-3.
* Reddy, Sudeep. 2008. "Amid Pressing Problems, Threat of Deflation Looms." *Wall Street Journal,* 18 Octobris 2008.
* Skene, G. Leigh. 1992. *Cycles of inflation and deflation: money, debt, and the 1990s.* Westport Connecticutae: Praeger. ISBN 0275944255.
* Walker, Andrew. 2016. "Is deflation such a bad thing?" *BBC,* 29 Ianuarii 2016.
* Wallop, Harry. 2008. "Deflation: why it is dangerous." *The Telegraph,* 18 Novembris 2008.

## Nexus externi 
* *A Plea for (Mild) Deflation.* Cato Policy Report.
* "Deflation."*EH.Net.* Encyclopaedia historiae oeconomicae.
* "What is deflation and how can it be prevented?" About.com.
* Rothbard, Murray N. "Deflation, Free or Compulsory." Ex *Making Economic Sense.*
* 
* "Why Are Japanese Wages So Sluggish?" IMF Working paper.

Categoria:Monetae
Categoria:Oeconomia