Symphonia

[thumb|Notae primae symphoniae quintae illius [Ludovicus van Beethoven|Beethoven, anno 1808 scriptae.]]
[thumb|[Symphonia 8 (Mahler)|Symphonia octava Gustavi Mahler, secunda pars, notatio musica a Mahler ipso anno 1910 scripta.]]

**Symphonia** (e verbis Graecis *σύν* 'cum, coniunctus' + *φωνή* 'sonus, vox') in musica classica Occidentali est extenta compositio musica, paene semper pro orchestra composita. Verbum *symphoniae* non necessarie peculiarem formam significat, sed plurimae symphoniae principio sonatae utuntur. Multae symphoniae sunt opera tonalia in quattuor motibus, quorum primus formam sonatae usitate habet, quam theoristae musicae saepe describunt ut structuram symphoniae aetatis classicae, quamquam multae symphoniae a classicis formae antistitibus notis compositis—Francisco Iosepho Haydn, Wolfgango Amadeo Mozart, Ludovico van Beethoven—hoc exemplar non obtemperant.

## Exemplum
Ludovici van Beethoven Symphonia nona in D minore, op. 125, symphonia quattuor motuum, Vindobonae anno 1824 primum cantata est. Alia symphonia sunt *Symphonia nona in C maiore, D. 944 "Magna"* a Francisco Petro Schubert, *Symphonia sexta in A minore* a Gustavo Mahler, et *Symphonia nona in D molli* a Antonio Bruckner.   

## Bibliographia 
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* Berlioz, Hector. 1857. *Roméo et Juliette: Sinfonie dramatique: avec choeurs, solos de chant et prologue en récitatif choral, op. 17.* Partition de piano par Th. Ritter. Winterthur: J. Rieter-Biedermann.
* Brown, Howard Mayer. 2001. "Symphonia." *The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians,* ed. 2a, ed. Stanley Sadie et John Tyrrell. Londini: Macmillan Publishers.
* Bukofzer, Manfred F. 1947. *Music in the Baroque Era: From Monteverdi to Bach*. Novi Eboraci: W. W. Norton.
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* Jackson, Timothy L. 1999. *Tchaikovsky, Symphony no. 6 (Pathétique).* Cambridge Music Handbooks. Cantabrigiae et Novi Eboraci: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-64111-X; ISBN 0-521-64676-6.
* Marcuse, Sybil. 1975. *Musical Instruments: A Comprehensive Dictionary.* Ed. rev. The Norton Library. Novi Eboraci: W. W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-00758-8.
* Newman, William S. 1972. *The Sonata in the Baroque Era.* Novi Eboraci: W. W. Norton.
* Prout, Ebenezer. 1895. ''Applied Forms: A Sequel to 'Musical Form.'' Ed. 3a. Augener's Edition, no. 9183. Londini: Augener. Facsimile, Novi Eboraci: AMS Press, 1971. ISBN 0-404-05138-3.
* Rosen, Charles. 1972. *The Classical Style: Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven.* Novi Eboraci: The Viking Press. ISBN 0-670-22510-X.
* Schubert, Giselher. 2001. "Hindemith, Paul." *The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians*, ed. 2a, ed. Stanley Sadie et John Tyrrell. Londini: Macmillan.
* Stainer, John, et Francis W. Galpin. 1914. "Wind Instruments—Sumponyah; Sampunia; Sumphonia; Symphonia." In *The Music of the Bible, with Some Account of the Development of Modern Musical Instruments from Ancient Types*, ed. nova. Londini: Novello and Co.; Novi Eboraci: H. W. Gray Co.
* Stein, Leon. 1979. *Structure & Style: The Study and Analysis of Musical Forms.* Ed. aucta. Princeton, N.J.: Summy-Birchard Music. ISBN 0-87487-164-6.
* Tarr, Edward H. 1974. Notae in eius editione Iosephi Torelli, *Sinfonia a 4, G. 33, in C major*. London: Musica Rara.
* Thomson, Andrew. 2001. "Widor, Charles-Marie(-Jean-Albert) (2)." *The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians,* ED. 2a, ed. Stanley Sadie et John Tyrrell. Londini: Macmillan.
* Webster, James, et Georg Feder. 2001. "Haydn, (Franz) Joseph." *The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians,* ed. 2a, ed. Stanley Sadie et John Tyrrell. Londini: Macmillan.

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