Furnulus

[thumb|Foculus [Alsatianus cui est magna commutator gasiorum exhaustorum et caloris, in templo Fouday in commune Francico.]]
**Furnulus,** vel **foculus,** vel fortasse **furnus gestabilis,** est spatium contentum in quo fomes comburitur ad spatium ubi furnulus stat, aut ad res in vel super furnulum caleficiendas.

[thumb|upright=0.6|left|Furnulus se purgans, qui [lignum comburit.]]
[thumb|Furnulus [lamina fictilis|laminarum fictilium (ad aerem calefaciendum) in cenatione Palatii Cathariniani Villae Augusti in Russia.]]
[thumb|upright=1|[Traditionalis luti furnulus in Serbia. Museum Ethnographicum Belogradi.]]
[thumb|upright=0.8|Furnulus [aes|aëneus, satyris ithyphallicis sublevatus, in praediis Iuliae Felicis ab archaeologis saeculi duodevicensimi. Museum Archaeologicum Neapolitanum.]]

Sunt multa furnulorum genera, sicut furnulus coquinarius, qui ad cibum coquendum adhibetur, et furnulus lignei comburendi vel furnulus carbonem comburendi, qui ad aedificium calefaciendum usitate adhibetur.

Curarum de pollutione aeris causá, inventores formam furnulorum meliorem facere multos annos conati sunt.

Omnes furnuli qui lignum comburunt et qui in Civitatibus Foederatis ex 1992 fabricati sunt emissionem particulatorum circumscribere lege debent.

## Origines
Coquina aevis praehistoricis carne et tuberibus in igni aperto asso tostoque efficiebatur. Fictile et alia vasa coquendi recte in ignem apertum imponi possunt, sed vas super fulcrum positum, tam simplex ut fundamenta trium lapidum, furnulum effecit. Furnulus trium lapidum late in orbe terrarum iam adhibetur. Qui autem in nonnullis regionibus in saepimentum U-forme ex luto vel latere constructum factus est, cui est apertura in fronte ad fomitem aeremque praebendum designata, aliquando foramine minore in tergo.

*Caminus
*Focus
*Fornax
*Furnulus Franklinianus
*Furnulus portabilis
*Furnulus undarum brevium
*Furnus
*Tostrum

## Notae
## Bibliographia
*Adams, Margaret Byrd. 1981. *Warm & tasty: the wood heat stove cookbook.* Seattli Vasingtoniae: Pacific Search Press. ISBN 0914718622.
*Agrell, David. 2013. "14 Bright Ideas for a Better Wood Stove." *Popular Mechanics,* 8 Martii 2013. Editio interretialis.
*Bock, Gordon. 2012. "The History of Old Stoves." *Old House Online,* 3 Augusti 2012, retractatus 9 Maii 2019. Editio interretialis.
*Bramen, Lisa. 2011. "Cooking through the Ages: A Timeline of Oven Inventions: How much has technology really changed since the first ovens, wood-fired hearths?" *Smithsonian Magazine,* 18 Novembris 2011. Editio interretialis.
*Condon, Richard, et Wendy Bennett. 1973. *The Mexican stove; what to put on it and in it.* Garden City Novi Eboraci, Doubleday. ISBN 038503427X.
*Harris, Howell J. 2008. “Inventing the U.S. Stove Industry, c. 1815–1875: Making and Selling the First Universal Consumer Durable.” *Business History Review* 82 (Hiems): 701–33.
*Harris, Howell. 2012. “Coping with Competition: Cooperation and Collusion in the U.S. Stove Industry, c. 1870–1930.” *Business History Review* 86 (Hiems): 657–92.
*Kern, Barbara, et Ken Kern. 1983. ''Ken Kern's masonry stove.* Novi Eboraci: Scribner. ISBN 0684177757.
*Petrasch, Jörg. 1986. "Typologie und Funktion neolithischer Öfen in Mittel- und Südosteuropa." *Acta Praehistorica et Archaeologica* 18: 33–83.
*Roth C.,“Micro Gasification: Cooking with gas from biomass." GIZ HERA – Poverty-oriented Basic Energy Service, Ianuario 2011. PDF.
*Wik, Ole. 1976. *How to build an oil barrel stove.'' Photographema Manya Wik. Anchorage Alascae: Alaska Northwest Publishing Company.  ISBN 0882400770.

## Nexus externi
*De furnulis qui lignum comburunt. Woodheat.org.
*"Thomas 'Electricity' Ahearn, Canada’s Thomas Edison."
*De primis furnulis Sinicis.
*De primis furnulis Iaponensibus.
*"Energy Star Appliances."

Categoria:Ars coquinaria

Categoria:Instrumenta domestica

Categoria:Machinae