Ohalo II

**Ohalo II** est situs archaeologicus qui sub undas Maris Tiberiadis iacet, sed annis a 1989 ad 1991 et ab 1999 ad 2000 propter ariditatem insolitam patens erat. Ibi repertae sunt reliquia habitationis hominum qui annis fere 23&nbsp;000 ante aevum nostrum vixerunt. Reliquia etiam seminum plantarumque edulium servata sunt.

Semina edulia ibi collecta et contusa sunt, praecipue *Triticum dicoccoides*, *Hordeum spontaneum*, *Avena barbata*, *A. sterilis*, saepe et *Aegilops geniculata*, *Bromus pseudobrachystachys* seu *B. tigridis*, *Hordeum marinum* sive *H. hystrix*, *Piptatherum holciforme*, *P. blancheanum*, *Puccinellia convoluta*, *Lathyrus* sp., *Lens* sp., *Pisum sativum* ssp. *humile*, *Vicia palaestina*. Nuces et semina fructuum silvaticarum, videlicet *Quercus ithaburensis*, *Pistacia atlantica*, *Prunus dulcis*, *Olea europaea*, *Paliurus spina-christi*, *Rubus idaeus*, *Ficus carica*, *Vitis vinifera* reperiuntur. Inter malas herbas eminebant species *Galium tricornutum* et *Lolium temulentum*, cuius origo antehac incertus erat; etiam repertae sunt quaedam hodie inter malas herbas comprehensae sed partim edules, *Chenopodium album*, *Malva parviflora*,  *Notobasis syriaca*, *Alopecurus utriculatus* sive *A. arundinaceus*, *Silybum marianum*. Ad casas vel tuguria construenda *Tamarix* sp., *Salix* sp., *Quercus ithaburensis*, ad parietes complendas *Atriplex* vel *Seidlitzia* et *Prosopis* sp. adhibitae sunt. Animalia *Mus musculus* et *Rattus rattus* cum hominibus habitabant. 

## Bibliographia 
* Peter Beaumont, "Archaeologists find possible evidence of earliest human agriculture" in *The Guardian* (24 Iulii 2015)
* I. Hershkovitz, G. Edelson, M. Spiers, B. Arensburg, D. Nadel, B. Levi, "Ohalo II man—unusual findings in the anterior rib cage and shoulder girdle of a 19000-year-old specimen" in *International Journal of Osteoarchaeology* vol. 3 (1993) pp. 177–188 Epitome
* I. Hershkovitz, M. S. Spiers, D. Frayer, D. Nadel, S. Wish-Baratz, B. Arensburg, "Ohalo II H2: A 19,000-year-old skeleton from a water-logged site at the Sea of Galilee, Israel" in *American Journal of Physical Anthropology* vol. 96 (1995) pp. 215–234 Epitome
* M. E. Kislev, Dani Nadel, Israel Carmi, "Epipalaeolithic (19,000 BP) cereal and fruit diet at Ohalo II, Sea of Galilee, Israel" in *Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology* vol. 73 (1992) pp. 161–166
* Dani Nadel, ed., ''Ohalo II: a 23,000-year-old Fisher-Hunter-Gatherers' Camp on the Shore of the Sea of Galilee* (catalogus Musei Hecht). Haifa: University of Haifa, 2002 (Insunt: R. Rabinovich, "The mammal bones: environment, food and tools", pp. *24–*27; T. Simmons, "The birds from Ohalo II",  pp. *32–*36; M. Belmaker, "The small mammals from Ohalo II and the environment, "Our mice that mar the land" (Samuel 1, VI:5)", pp. *37–*38; I. Zohar, "Fish and fishing at Ohalo II, pp. *28–*31)
* Dani Nadel, Israel Carmi, Dror Segal, "Radiocarbon dating of Ohalo II: Archaeological and methodological implications" in *Journal of Archaeological Science* vol. 22 (1995) pp. 811-822 Epitome
* Dani Nadel, I. Hershkovitz, "New Subsistence Data and Human Remains from the Earliest Levantine Epipalaeolithic" in *Current Anthropology* vol. 32 (1991) p. 631 ff.
* Dani Nadel, Dolores R. Piperno, Irene Holst, Ainit Snir. Ehud Weiss, "New evidence for the processing of wild cereal grains at Ohalo II, a 23 000-year-old campsite on the shore of the Sea of Galilee, Israel" in *Antiquity'' vol. 86 (2012) pp. 990-1003 Epitome
* Dani Nadel, Ehud Weiss, Orit Simchoni, Alexander Tsatskin, Avinoam Danin, Mordechai Kislev, "Stone Age hut in Israel yields world's oldest evidence of bedding" in *Proceedings of the Naational Academy of Sciences* vol. 101 (2004) pp. 6821-6826
* Dolores R. Piperno, Ehud Weiss, Irene Holst, Dani Nadel, "Processing of wild cereal grains in the Upper Palaeolithic revealed by starch grain analysis" in *Nature* vol. 430 (5 August 2004) pp. 670-673 Epitome
* T. Simmons, Dani Nadel, "The avifauna of the early Epipalaeolithic site of Ohalo II (19 400 years BP), Israel: species diversity, habitat and seasonality" in *International Journal of Osteoarchaeology* vol. 8 (1998) pp. 79–96
* Ainit Snir, Dani Nadel, Iris Groman-Yaroslavski, Yoel Melamed, Marcelo Sternberg, Ofer Bar-Yosef, Ehud Weiss, "The Origin of Cultivation and Proto-Weeds, Long Before Neolithic Farming" in *PLOS One* (22 Iulii 2015)
* Ainit Snir, Dani Nadel, Ehud Weiss, "Plant-food preparation on two consecutive floors at Upper Paleolithic Ohalo II, Israel" in *Journal of Archaeological Science* vol. 53 (2015) pp. 61-71
* Weiss E, Kislev ME, Simchoni O, Nadel D (2005) Small-grained wild grasses as staple food at the 23,000 year old site of Ohalo II, Israel. Economic Botany: S125-S134
* Ehud Weiss, E. Mordechai, O. Simchoni, Dani Nadel, H. Tschauner, "Plant-food preparation area on an Upper Paleolithic brush hut floor at Ohalo II, Israel" in *Journal of Archaeological Science* vol. 35 (2008) pp. 2400-2414 Epitome
* Ehud Weiss, Wilma Wetterstrom, Dani Nadel, Ofer Bar-Yosef, "The broad spectrum revisited: Evidence from plant remains" in *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences* vol. 101 (2004) pp. 9551–9555

## Nexus externi 
* Expositio apud Museum Hecht
* "Ohalo II apud *About: Archaeology*

Categoria:Loci habitati palaeolithici
Categoria:Loci archaeologici Israelis
Categoria:Archaeologia alimentorum
Categoria:Archaeologia cibi pistorii