Fastidium

[thumb|upright=0.8|left|*Potio amara.* [Pictura Adriani Brouweri annis 1630–1640 facta.]]
[thumb|Exempla fastidii. [Photographemata in libro  *The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals* Caroli Darwinii (1872).]]
**Fastidium** est animi motus qui rem reicit vel repudiat quae contagiosa fieri potest, vel rem quae deformis, foeda, nefanda, taetra, turpis, vel iniucunda tantum videtur. Carolus Darwin in libro *The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals* ('Vultus animi motuum in hominibus et animalibus') opinionem proposuit fastidium esse sensum qui rem taetram attingit. Quod hominibus usu plerumque venit per sensum gustatús (aut in mundo externo percepti aut cogitatione ficti), et secundarie per rem quae sensum similem per sensum olfactionis, tactús, aut visús efficit. Musicis quidem fastidiosum cacophoniae sonorum dissonorum odium etiam movere potest. Investigationes scientificae nexús inter fastidium et morbos anxietatis sicut arachnophobia, haemophobia, et morbum obsessivum-compulsivum  identidem inveniunt.

Fastidium, unus e fundamentalibus animi motibus secundum theoriam Plutchikianam, a Paulo Rozin penitus investigatum est, qui invenit id vultum proprium evocare, unum e sex universalibus animi motús vultibus Ekmanianis. Fastidium, animi motibus timori, irae, tristitiaeque dissimile, cum decremento gradús venarum pulsús coniungitur.
[thumb|[Mulier vultum fastidii ostendit.]]
[thumb|[Cortex insularis|Insula lateris laevi, operculo amoto. Figure 731 in ''Gray's Anatomy,* libro Henricus Gray et Warren Harmon Lewis (1918). Cortex insularis est principalis neuronum structura quae se in animi motu fastidii implicat.]]

## Res quae fastidium eliciunt
Relatús sui et investigationes morum humanorum affirmant res quae fastidium eliciunt esse:
* effluvia corporea (faeces, urina, vomitus, fluida sexualia, saliva, mucus)
* cibi (cibi corrupti)
* animalia (siphonaptera, ixodoidea, phthiraptera, blattodea, vermes, muscae)
* hygiene (sordes quae videri possunt)
* transgressiones corporis  (sanguis, cruor, mutilatio)
* mors (corpora mortua, tabes organica)
* manifesta contagionis signa

## Notae
## Bibliographia
*Badour, Christal, et Matthew Feldner. 2016. "The Role of Disgust in Posttraumatic Stress: A Critical Review of the Empirical Literature." *Psychopathology Review,* Februarius, 2. doi:10.5127/pr.032813. ISSN 2051-8315. Editio interretialis.
*Calder, Andrew J., Jill Keane, Facundo Manes, Nagui Antoun, et Andrew W. Young. 2000. "Impaired recognition and experience of disgust following brain injury." *Nature Neuroscience" 3 (11): 1077–1088. doi: 10.1038/80586. PMID 11036262.
*Cisler, J. M., B. O. Olatunji, J. M. Lohr, et N. L. Williams. 2009. "Attentional bias differences between fear and disgust: Implications for the role of disgust in disgust-related anxiety disorders." *Cognition and Emotion* 23 (4): 675–87. doi:10.1080/02699930802051599. PMID 20589224. PMC 2892866.
*Cohen, William A., et Ryan Johnson, eds. 2005. *Filth: Dirt, Disgust, and Modern Life.* University of Minnesota Press.
*Curtis, V., et A. Biran. 2001. "Dirt, disgust, and disease: Is hygiene in our genes?" *Perspectives in Biology and Medicine* 44 (1): 17–31. doi:10.1353/pbm.2001.0001. PMID 11253302. citeseerx 10.1.1.324.760.
*Douglas, Mary. 1966. *Purity and Danger: An Analysis of Concepts of Pollution and Taboo.* Praeger.
*Kelly, Daniel. 2011. *The Nature and Moral Significance of Disgust.* Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: MIT Press.
*Korsmeyer, Carolyn. 2011. *Savoring Disgust: The Foul and the Fair in Aesthetics.* Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199842346. Google Books.
*McCorkle Jr., William W. 2011. *Ritualizing the Disposal of the Deceased: From Corpse to Concept.* Peter Lang.
*McGinn, Colin. 2011. *The Meaning of Disgust.* Oxoniae: Oxford University Press.
*Menninghaus, Winfried. 2003. *Disgust: Theory and History of a Strong Sensation.* Conv. Howard Eiland et Joel Golb. SUNY Press.
*Miller, William Ian. 1997.  *The Anatomy of Disgust.* Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Harvard University Press.
*Nussbaum, Martha C. 2001. *Upheavals of Thought: The Intelligence of Emotions.* Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press.
*Nussbaum, Martha C. 2004. *Hiding from Humanity: Disgust, Shame, and the Law.* Princeton University Press.
*Nussbaum, Martha C. 2010. *From Disgust to Humanity: Sexual Orientation and Constitutional Law.* Oxoniae: Oxford University Press.
*Rindisbacher, Hans J. 2005. "A Cultural History of Disgust." *KulturPoetik* 5 (1): 119–27.
*Rozin, P., J. Haidt, et C. R. McCauley. 2000. "Disgust." In *Handbook of Emotions,* ed. 2a., ed. M. Lewis et J. M. Haviland-Jones, 637–53). Novi Eboraci: Guilford Press.
*Sprengelmeyer, R., A. W. Young, I. Pundy, A. Sprengelmeyer, A. J. Calder, G. Berrios, R. Winkel, W. Vollmoeller, W. Kuhn, G. Sartory, et H. Przuntek. 1997. "Disgust implicated in obsessive-compulsive disorder." *Biological Sciences* 264 (1389): 1767–73. 
*Wicker, B., C. Keysers, J. Plailly, J. P. Royet, V. Gallese, et G. Rizzolatti. 2003. "Both of us disgusted in my insula: the common neural basis of seeing and feeling disgust." *Neuron* 40 (3): 655–64. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00679-2. PMID 14642287.
*Wilson, Robert Rawdon. 2002. *The Hydra’s Tale: Imagining Disgust.* University of Alberta Press.
*Wilson, Robert. 2007. "Disgust: A Menippean Interview." *Canadian Review of Comparative Literature* 34: 203–13. Editio interretialis.

*Amygdala
*Depressio
*Dysthymia
*Incitamentum
*Moralitas
*Morbus Huntingtonianus
*Nausea
*Odium
*Personalitas
*Phobia
*Pudor
*Serotoninum
*Timor
*Vomitus

## Nexus externi
*Haidt, Jonathan. Pagina de Gradus Fastidii.
*Haidt, Jonathan. "Moral Judgment and the Social Intuitionist Model."
*Kirkpatrick, Jonathan. "Purity and Pollution."
*Sherman, Nancy. Situs interretialis investigatoris fastidii proprius.
*"Hiding from Humanity: Disgust, Shame, and the Law."
*"Shame and Group Psychotherapy."
*"Is repugnance wise? Visceral responses to biotechnology." *Nature Biotechnology.*
*De oeconomicis fastidii effectibus.
*"Anatomy of Disgust." Programma canalis 4.
*Commentarium in WhyFiles.org de fastidio.

Categoria:Aesthetica
Categoria:Animi motus
Categoria:Moralitas