Drepanidini

[thumb|Formae [rostrum (avis)|rostrorum et linguarum drepanidorum et mohoidarum.]]
**Drepanidini** sunt tribus vel grex tantus parvarum avium subordinis Passerorum ordinis Passeriformium, quae in Havaiis endemicae sunt, cum avibus generis *Carpodaci* artissime cognatae. Quarum magna diversitas morphologica ex radiatione adaptiva in circumiectis insularibus effecta est.

Antequam rationes phylogeneticae moleculares excogitatae sunt, coniunctio drepanidinorum aliarumque specierum aviariarum controversa fuerat. Aliquot eruditi drepanidinos familiam **Drepanididas,** sed alii eos subfamiliam **Drepanidinas** familiae Fringillidarum putant. Omnis autem grex "Drepanidini" appellabatur in tractationibus ubi emberizidae et passerellidae inter fringillidas comprehendebantur; quod nomen unius subgregis avium aliis hodie praeponitur. Omnis grex recentissime inter carduelinas digestus est.

## Proprietates
Pennis paene omnium carduelinarum Havaianarum specierum est odor proprius, qui, ut multi investigatores affirmant, "veterum carbasi tabernaculorum aliquantulum similis" olet.

Nonnulli drepanidini nectarivori flores *Metrosiderae polymorphae* petunt. Formae rostrorum, quae late variant, a rostris crassis et fringilliformibus ad rostra gracilia et decurva (ad certos flores scrutandos apta), ratione radiationis adaptivae exortae sunt, cum quaedam fringilla avita se ad multos locos oecologicos complendos evolveret. Aliquot viginti drepanidinorum species nuper exstinctae sunt, aliaeque mox post homines in insulas primum adventos, qui animalia introduxerunt (exempli gratia, rattos, sues, capros, boves), et habitationes naturales agriculturae causa converterunt.
 
## Genera et species
Nomen *praehistoricum* hic significat species quae exstinctae inter primam colonizationem Havaianam (ex primo millennio exeunte) et adventum Europaeum anno 1778 factae sunt.
***Drepanidini**
**Genus *Aidemedia* Olson & James, 1991
****Aidemedia chascax* Olson & James, 1991 (avis praehistorica)
****Aidemedia lutetiae* Olson & James, 1991 (avis praehistorica)
****Aidemedia zanclops* Olson & James, 1991 (avis praehistorica)
**Genus *Akialoa* Olson & James, 1995
****Akialoa ellisiana* Gray, 1859 (exstincta, 1940)
****Akialoa lanaiensis* Rothschild, 1893 (exstincta, 1892)
****Akialoa stejnegeri* Wilson, 1889 (exstincta, 1969)
****Akialoa obscura* Cabanis, 1889 (exstincta, 1940)
****Akialoa upupirostris* (avis praehistorica)
**Genus *Chloridops* Wilson, 1888
****Chloridops kona* Wilson, 1888 (exstincta, 1894)
****Chloridops regiskongi* (avis praehistorica)
****Chloridops wahi* (avis praehistorica)
**Genus *Chlorodrepanis* Olson & James, 1995
****Chlorodrepanis stejnegeri* Pratt, 1989
****Chlorodrepanis flava* Bloxam, 1827
****Chlorodrepanis virens* Cabanis, 1851
**Genus *Ciridops* Newton, 1892
****Ciridops anna* Dole, 1879 (exstincta, 1892 aut 1937)
****Ciridops tenax* Olson & James, 1991 (avis praehistorica)
** Genus *Drepanis* Temminck, 1820
****Drepanis funerea* Newton, 1894 (exstincta, 1907)
****Drepanis pacifica* Gmelin, 1788 (exstincta, 1898)
****Drepanis coccinea* Forster, 1780
** Genus *Dysmorodre* *panis* Perkins, 1919
****Dysmorodrepanis munroi* Perkins, 1919 (exstincta, 1918)
**Genus *Hemignathus* Lichtenstein, 1839
****Hemignathus affinis* (exstincta, 1995–1998)
****Hemignathus hanapepe* (exstincta, 1998)
****Hemignathus lucidus* (exstincta, 1837)
****Hemignathus vorpalis* James & Olson, 2003 (avis praehistorica)
****Hemignathus wilsoni* Rothschild, 1893
**Genus *Himatione* 
****Himatione sanguinea* Gmelin, 1788
****Himatione fraithii* (exstincta, 1923)
** Genus *Loxioides* Oustalet, 1877
****Loxioides bailleui* Oustalet, 1877
****Loxioides kikuichi* Olson & James, 2006 (avis praehistorica, fortasse usque ad saeculum 18 iniens supervixit)
**Genus *Loxops*
****Loxops caeruleirostris* Wilson, 1890
****Loxops coccineus* Gmelin, 1789
****Loxops ochraceus* Rothschild, 1893 (exstincta, 1988)
****Loxops wolstenholmei* Rothschild, 1895 (exstincta, annis 1990)
****Loxops mana* Wilson, 1891
**Genus *Magumma*
****Magumma parva* Stejneger, 1887
**Genus *Melamprosops* Casey & Jacobi, 1974
****Melamprosops phaeosoma* Casey & Jacobi, 1974 (fortasse exstincta dicta, 28 Novembris 2004)
** Genus *Oreomystis* Wilson, 1891
****Oreomystis bairdi* Stejneger, 1887
**Genus *Orthiospiza*
****Orthiospiza howarthi* James & Olson, 1991 (avis praehistorica)
**Genus *Palmeria* Rothschild, 1893
****Palmeria dolei* Wilson, 1891
**Genus *Paroreomyza*
****Paroreomyza maculata* Cabanis, 1850 (exstincta, annis 1990 ineuntibus?)
****Paroreomyza flammea* (Wilson, 1889) (exstincta, 1963)
****Paroreomyza montana*
*****Paroreomyza montana montana* Wilson, 1890 (exstincta, 1937)
*****Paroreomyza montana newtoni* (Rothschild, 1893)
**Genus *Pseudonestor*
****Pseudonestor xanthophrys* Rothschild, 1893
**Genus *Psittirostra*
****Psittirostra psittacea* Gmelin, 1789 (exstincta, 1998?)
**Genus *Rhodacanthis*
****Rhodacanthis flaviceps* Rothschild, 1892 (exstincta, 1891)
****Rhodacanthis forfex* James & Olson, 2005 (avis praehistorica)
****Rhodacanthis litotes* James & Olson, 2005 (avis praehistorica)
****Rhodacanthis palmeri* Rothschild, 1892 (exstincta, 1896)
**Genus *Telespiza* Wilson, 1890
****Telespiza cantans* Wilson, 1890
****Telespiza persecutrix* James & Olson, 1991 (avis praehistorica)
****Telespiza ultima* Bryan, 1917
****Telespiza ypsilon* James & Olson, 1991 (avis praehistorica)
**Genus *Vangulifer*
****Vangulifer mirandus* (avis praehistorica)
****Vangulifer neophasis* (avis praehistorica)
**Genus *Viridonia*
****Viridonia sagittirostris* Rothschild, 1892 (exstincta, 1901)
** Genus *Xestospiza* James & Oslon, 1991
****Xestospiza conica* James & Olson, 1991 (avis praehistorica)
****Xestospiza fastigialis* James & Olson, 1991 (avis praehistorica)
 
## Notae
## Bibliographia
*Clements, J. 2007. *The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World.* Ed. sexta. ISBN 978-0-7136-8695-1.
*Dickinson, E. 2003. *The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World.* Ed. tertia. Princetoniae: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-11701-0.
*Groth, Jeffrey G. 1998. "Molecular phylogeny of the cardueline finches and Hawaiian honeycreepers." *Ostrich* 69: 401.
*Groth, Jeffrey G. 2001. "Finches and Allies." In *The Sibley Guide to Bird Life and Behavior,* ed. Chris Elphick, John B. Dunning Jr., et David Allen Sibley, 552–60. Novi Eboraci: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-1-4000-4386-6. Archivum. Editio interretialis: pagina 552.
*James, Helen F., et Storrs L Olson. 1991. "Descriptions of Thirty-Two New Species of Birds from the Hawaiian Islands: Part II. Passeriformes." *Ornithological Monographs* 46: 1–92. doi:10.2307/40166713. HDL 10088/1746. JSTOR 40166713. Editio interretialis.
*Lerner, H. R. L., M. Meyer, H. F. James, et R. C. Fleischer. 2011. "Multilocus resolution of phylogeny and timescale in the extant adaptive radiation of Hawaiian Honeycreepers." *Current Biology* 21 (21): 1838–44. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.09.039. PMID 22018543.
*Newton, Ian. 1973. *Finches.* The New Naturalist Library, 55. Novi Eboraci: Taplinger. ISBN 0-8008-2720-1.
*Olson, Storrs L., et Helen F. James. 1991. "Descriptions of Thirty-Two New Species of Birds from the Hawaiian Islands: Part I. Non-Passeriformes." *Ornithological Monographs* 45: 1–91. doi:10.2307/40166794. HDL 10088/1745. JSTOR 40166794. Editio interretialis.
*Pratt, H. Douglas. 2002. *The Hawaiian Honeycreepers.* Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-854653-5. Google Books.
*Zuccon, Dario, Robert Prŷs-Jones, Pamela C. Rasmussen, et Per G. P. Ericson. 2012. "The phylogenetic relationships and generic limits of finches (Fringillidae)." *Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution* 62 (2): 581–96. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.10.002. PMID 22023825. PDF.
 
## Nexus externi
*"Hawaiian Honeycreepers (Drepanididae)." De quattuor speciebus, cum pelliculis et photographematibus. Internet Bird Collection.
 
Categoria:Carduelinae
Categoria:Drepanidinae
Categoria:Fauna Havaiorum
Categoria:Tribus animalium