Anima

[thumb|*Anima [caelum fert.* Pictura a Gulielmo Bouguereau facta.]]

, secundum plurimas religiones et doctrinas philosophicas, est principium vitale, vel essentia se noscens, cum corpore viventi consociata, de mortuo autem fortasse decedens. In his philosophiis, anima putatur complecti intimam aliquam naturae essentiam et esse sapientiae fundamenta, in loco cerebri vel aliae materiei sive partis naturalis organismi biologici. Nonnullae autem religiones philosophiaeque docent animam in elementis corporeis consistere, et adeo Duncan MacDougall, medicus quidam, conatus est animae gravitatem expendere. Animae plerumque putantur immortales et res quae ante incarnationem exstant.

### Franciscus Baco 
Anima siquidem sensibilis sive brutorum plane substantia corporea censenda est, a calore attenuata et facta invisibilis aura, inquam, ex natura flammea et aerea conflata. Corpore obducta atque in animabibus perfectis in capite praecipue locata; in nervis percurrens, et sanguine spirituoso arteriarum refecta et reparata, quemadmodum Bernardinus Telesius et discipulus eius Augustinus Donius aliqua ex parte non omnino inutiliter, asseruerunt. Est autem haec anima in brutis anima principalis, cuius corpus brutorum organum; in homine autem organum tantum et ipsa animae rationalis, et spiritus potius quam animae appellantione, indigitari possit.—Franciscus Baco, *De dignitate et augmentis scientiarum.*

## Iudicia religiosa 
### Buddhismus 
Buddha docuit non exstare animam stabilem in sensu translaticio (*anatta*). . . .
[thumb|Videt [Deus angelum et daemon qui pro anima hominis pugnant. Magister Sanctae Crucis pinxit.]]

## Scientia et anima 
Consensus inter homines neuroscientiae peritos et biologos est mentem vel sensum esse cerebri operationem; illi in suo sermone saepe verba *mens* et *cerebrum* miscunt.

### Investigatio animae 
In libro *Consilience,* E. O. Wilson observavit sociologiam appellavisse fides in anima unum ex universalibus culturae humanae elementis.

* Anatta
* Animus
* Conclave Mariae
* "The Astonishing Hypothesis"
* Dualismus animi
* Ego
* Ekam
* Homo ipse (spiritualitas)
* Limbo
* Manes
* Metempsychosis
* Neurales sensus correlatus
* Numen
* Nousicae
* Qi
* Spiritualitas
* Spiritus familiaris
* Vitalismus
* Zombie philosophicus

## Bibliographia
* Batchelor, Stephen. *Buddhism Without Belief—Aha.*
*Bremmer, Jan. 1983. *The Early Greek Concept of the Soul.* Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691031312. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/287753204.
*Christopher, Milbourne. 1979. *Search for the Soul.* Thomas Y. Crowell Publishers.
* Cornford, Francis, M. 1950. *Greek Religious Thought.*
*McGraw, John J. 2004. *Brain & Belief: An Exploration of the Human Soul.* Aegis Press.
* Rohde, Erwin. 1928. *Psyche.*
* Swinburne. 1997. *The Evolution of the Soul*. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
* Stevenson. 1975. *Cases of the Reincarnation Type, Volume I: Ten Cases in India*. University Press of Virginia
* Stevenson. 1974. *Twenty Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation*. Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia
* Stevenson. 1983. *Cases of the Reincarnation Type, Volume IV: Twelve Cases in Thailand and Burma*. University Press of Virginia
* Stevenson. 1997. *Reincarnation and Biology: A Contribution to the Etiology of Birthmarks and Birth Defects*. Praeger Publishers
* Wilson. 1996. *The State of Man*: Day Star, Wake Up Seminars. 1996.
* Aad Guru Granth Sahib. 1983 (reprint). Publishers: Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee, Amritsar. (M = Mahala, i.e., succession number of Sikh Gurus to the House of Guru Nanak, P = page number of the AGGS.).

## Nexus externi 
*Our Real Identity: The Science of the Soul Summary from a lecture at the London School of Economics by H. G. Bhuta Bhavana dasa, a Hindu brahmin
*Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on Ancient Theories of the Soul
*The soul in Judaism (Chabad.org)
*The Old Testament Concept of the Soul by Heinrich J. Vogel
*Body, Soul and Spirit Article in Journal of Biblical Accuracy

Categoria:Dualismus
Categoria:Metaphysica
Categoria:Philosophia
Categoria:Religiones