Capsicum annuum

***Capsicum annuum*** (binomen a Linnaeo anno 1753 statutum) est species plantarum florentium familiae Solanacearum in America Media sponte crescens. Hominibus grata et in medicina utilis est propter fructus, gustu aliquarum varietatum mitiore sed multarum pungente. Propter hoc per mundum fere totum sub climatibus temperatis tropicisque colitur. Vestigia *Capsici annui* non iam domesticati, inter alimenta humana annis inter 9000 et 7000 a.p. deposita, in spelunca Romero et spelunca Coxcatlán medii Mexici reperta sunt. Tardius in eadem fere regione haec species domesticatam esse censetur.

Varietates quarum fructus saporem pungentem vel calidum habent, tam huius speciei quam hybridarum aliarumque specierum generis *Capsici*, omnes sub appellatione generali "capsici" describi solent. Illae varietates *C. annui*, quibus sapor non pungens sed dulcis sit, a productoribus comestoribusque nomine speciali in pluribus linguis distinguuntur: Latine "capsicum dulce" appellantur.

## Bibliographia 
; Fontes antiquiores

; Eruditio
* Jean Andrews, *Peppers: the domesticated capsicums,* ed. secunda. Austinopoli: University of Texas Press, 1995.
*  vol. 1 pp. 188–189.
* Vincent M. Russo, ed., *Peppers: Botany, Production and Uses*. Wallingford: CAB International, 2012 

; De origine et domesticatione
* Kraig H. Kraft, Cecil H. Brown, Gary P. Nabhan, Eike Luedeling, José de Jesús Luna Ruiz, Geo Coppens d’Eeckenbrugge, Robert J. Hijmans, Paul Gepts, "Multiple lines of evidence for the origin of domesticated chili pepper, Capsicum annuum, in Mexico" in *PNAS* vol. 111 (2014) pp. 6165–6170
* Linda Perry, Kent V. Flannery, "Precolumbian use of chili peppers in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico" in *PNAS* vol. 104 (2007) pp. 11905-11909 JSTOR
* Cheng Qin et al., "Whole-genome sequencing of cultivated and wild peppers provides insights into Capsicum domestication and specialization" in *PNAS* vol. 111 (14) (3 Martii 2014)
* Paul G. Smith, Charles B. Heiser, "Breeding behavior of cultivated peppers" in *Proceedings of the American Society of Horticultural Science* vol. 70 (1957) pp. 286-290
* Pasquale Tripodi et al., "Global range expansion history of pepper (Capsicum spp.) revealed by over 10,000 genebank accessions" in *PNAS* vol. 118 (34) e2104315118 (16 Augusti 2021)

; De singulis regionibus
* Víctor Heber Aguilar Rincón et al., *Los chiles de México y su distribución*. Montecillo, Texcoco: SINAREFI, 2010; Textus
* Cecil H. Brown et al., "The Paleobiolinguistics of Domesticated Chili Pepper (Capsicum spp.)" in *Ethnobiology Letters* vol. 4 (2013) pp. 1-11 JSTOR
* Louis Girault, *Kallawaya: guérisseurs itinérants des Andes* (Lutetiae: ORSTOM, 1984) pp. 397–98 
* Pablo González-Jara et al., "Impact of Human Management on the Genetic Variation of Wild Pepper, Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum" in *PLoS One* (6 Decembris 2011).
* Susana González-Pérez et al., "New Insights into Capsicum spp Relatedness and the Diversification Process of Capsicum annuum in Spain" in *PLoS One* (24 Decembris 2014)
* Jerry Hawkes, James D. Libbin, Brandon A. Jones, "Chile Production in New Mexico and Northern Mexico" in *Journal of ASFMRA* (2008) pp. 83-92 JSTOR
* Lucero del C. López Castilla et al., "Structure and Genetic Diversity of Nine Important Landraces of Capsicum Species Cultivated in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico" in *Agronomy* vol. 9 (2019) no. 376
* Paul E. Minnis, Michael E. Whalen, "The first prehispanic chile (Capsicum) from tjhe U.S. Southwest/Northwest Mexico and its changing use" in *American Antiquity* vol. 75 (2010) pp. 245-257 JSTOR
* S. Hirán Morán-Bañuelos et al., "Capsaicinoides en chiles nativos de Puebla, México" in *Agrociencia* vol. 42 (2008) pp. 807-816 
* Amol N. Nankar, "A step towards Balkan Capsicum annuum L. core collection: Phenotypic and biochemical characterization of 180 accessions for agronomic, fruit quality, and virus resistance traits" in *PLoS One* (17 Augusti 2020)
* Terry G. Powis et al., "Prehispanic Use of Chili Peppers in Chiapas, Mexico" in *PLOS One* vol. 8 (2013) e79013
* Eric J. Votava, Jit B. Baral, Paul W. Bosland, "Genetic Diversity of Chile (Capsicum annuum var. annuum L.) Landraces from Northern New Mexico, Colorado, and Mexico" in *Economic Botany* vol. 59 (2005) pp. 8–17 JSTOR

; De re medica et diaetetica
* Gaber El-Saber Batiha et al., "Biological Properties, Bioactive Constituents, and Pharmacokinetics of Some Capsicum spp. and Capsaicinoids" in *International Journal of Molecular Sciences* vol. 21 xv no. 5179 (22 Iulii 2020).

* Varietates capsicorum

## Nexus externi 
* Stéphanie Arnoux, *Comparative analyses of the molecular footprint of domestication in three Solanaceae species: eggplant, pepper and tomato* (dissertatio 2019 universitatis Avennionensis).
* Gernot Katzer, "Paprika (Capsicum annuum L.)" apud *Spice Pages.*

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Categoria:Fructus
Categoria:Fruges Americae mediae
Categoria:Plantae medicinales
Categoria:Species plantarum 
Categoria:Taxa Linnaei
Categoria:Taxa 1753