Theraphosidae

**Theraphosidae** sunt familia magnarum saetosarumque aranearum infraordinis Mygalomorpharum, quarum circiter mille species hodie descriptae sunt. Nonnullae ex speciebus vulgatis in commercio mirificorum animalium dilectorum populo grata factae sunt; multis autem Mundi Novi speciebus dilectis sunt saetae urticantes, quae cutem hominum inflammare, atque adeo oculos ladere possunt.

## Prospectus
Theraphosidae, sicut omnia arthropoda, sunt invertebrata quorum subsidium musculare exosceleto nititur. Corpus, sicut corpora aliorum arachnidorum, in duabus partibus principalibus consistit, quae sunt prosoma (vel cephalothorax) et opisthosoma (vel abdomen), ambobus per pedicellum conectis. Quae res conectens in media corporis parte re vera est pars prosomatis, quae opisthosomati latam motionis extensionem de motione prosomatis dat.

## Distributio 
Theraphosidae variarum specierum per Civitates Foederatas, Mexicum, et Americam Mediam et Australem vigent. Aliae species varie per Africam, multum Asiae (Insulis Riuciuensibus in Iaponia meridiana non exclusis), et omnem Australiam. In Europa, nonnullae species Hispania, Portugalia, Turcia, Italia meridiana, et Cypro inveniuntur.

## Taxinomia
Pro collocatione theraphosidarum inter Mygalomorphas, vide cladogramma.

### Subfamiliae
Quindecim subfamiliae agnoscuntur.

*Acanthopelminae
*Aviculariinae
*Eumenophorinae
*Harpactirinae
*Ischnocolinae
*Ornithoctoninae
*Poecilotheriinae
*Psalmopoeinae
*Schismatothelinae
*Selenocosmiinae
*Selenogyrinae 
*Spelopelminae
*Stromatopelminae
*Theraphosinae
*Thrigmopoeinae

### Genera
thumb|Apertura cuniculi cuiusdam theraphosidae.
thumb|Theraphosida ad ostium sui cuniculi stat.
[alt=Tarantula native to the Mojave Desert searches for burrow.|thumb|*Aphonopelma mojave*: theraphosida in [Desertum Mojave|Deserto Mojave indigena cuniculum petit.]]
[thumb|Ungues in fine [crus|cruris *Lasiodorae parahybanae.*]]
thumb|Theraphosida Brasiliana se defendens minatur.
[thumb|Thermica theraphosidae imago super endothermicam hominis [manus|manum.]]
[right|thumb|Theraphosida fricta in [caupona Cambodiana.]]
[thumb|Adulta *[Brachypelma smithi* femina, saetis remotis.]]
[thumb|*[Aphonopelma eutylenum* mas prope Exeter Californiae errat.]]
[thumb|*[Annandaliella travancorica,* Theraphosida ex ghat occidentalibus.]]

Mense Iulio anni 2020, World Spider Catalog haec genera accipiebat.
**Acanthopelma* F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897 – Guiana
**Acanthoscurria* Ausserer, 1871 – America Australis, Guatemala
**Acentropelma* Pocock, 1901 – Beliza, Mexicum, Guatemala
**Aenigmarachne* Schmidt, 2005 – Costarica
**Agnostopelma* Pérez-Miles & Weinmann, 2010 – Columbia
**Aguapanela* Perafán & Cifuentes, 2015
**Annandaliella* Hirst, 1909 – India
**Anoploscelus* Pocock, 1897 – Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda
**Antillena* Bertani, Huff & Fukushima, 2017 – Respublica Dominicana
**Aphonopelma* Pocock, 1901 – America Septentrionalis, America Media
**Augacephalus* Gallon, 2002 – Africa Australis, Mozambicum, Eswatini
**Avicularia* Lamarck, 1818 – America Australis, Trinitas et Tabacum, Panama
**Bacillochilus* Gallon, 2010 – Angola
**Batesiella* Pocock, 1903 – Cameronia
**Birupes* Gabriel & Sherwood, 2019 – Malaesia
**Bistriopelma* Kaderka, 2015 – Peruvia

**Bonnetina* Vol, 2000 – Mexicum
**Brachionopus* Pocock, 1897 – Africa Australis
**Brachypelma* Simon, 1891 – Mexicum, Costarica, Guatemala
**Bumba* Pérez-Miles, Bonaldo & Miglio, 2014 – Brasilia, Venetiola, Aequatoria
**Cardiopelma* Vol, 1999 – Regio ignota
**Caribena* Fukushima & Bertani, 2017 – Cuba
**Catanduba* Yamamoto, Lucas & Brescovit, 2012 – Brasilia
**Catumiri* Guadanucci, 2004 – America Australis
**Ceratogyrus* Pocock, 1897 – Africa
**Chaetopelma* Ausserer, 1871 – Asia, Graecia, Africa
**Chilobrachys* Karsch, 1892 – Asia
**Chromatopelma* Schmidt, 1995 – Venetiola
**Citharacanthus* Pocock, 1901 – Cuba, America Media, Mexicum
**Citharognathus* Pocock, 1895 – Indonesia
**Clavopelma* Chamberlin, 1940 – Mexicum
**Coremiocnemis* Simon, 1892 – Malaesia, Indonesia, Australia
**Cotztetlana* Mendoza, 2012 – Mexicum
**Crassicrus* Reichling & West, 1996 – Mexicum, Beliza
**Cubanana* Ortiz, 2008 – Cuba
**Cyclosternum* Ausserer, 1871 – America Australis, Mexicum, Costarica
**Cymbiapophysa* Gabriel & Sherwood, 2020
**Cyriocosmus* Simon, 1903 – America Australis, Trinitas et Tabacum
**Cyriopagopus* Simon, 1887 – Asia
**Cyrtopholis* Simon, 1892 – Regio Maris Caribici
**Davus* O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1892 – America Media, Mexicum
**Dolichothele* Mello-Leitão, 1923 – Brasilia, Bolivia
**Encyocratella* Strand, 1907 – Tanzania
**Encyocrates* Simon, 1892 – Madagascaria
**Ephebopus* Simon, 1892 – Surinamia, Brasilia
**Euathlus* Ausserer, 1875 – Tsilia, Argentina
**Eucratoscelus* Pocock, 1898 – Kenia, Tanzania
**Eumenophorus* Pocock, 1897 –Mons Leonis
**Eupalaestrus* Pocock, 1901 – America Australis
**Euphrictus* Hirst, 1908 – Cameronia, Respublica Congensis
**Euthycaelus* Simon, 1889 – Columbia, Venetiola
**Grammostola* Simon, 1892 – America Australis
**Guyruita* Guadanucci, Lucas, Indicatti & Yamamoto, 2007 – Brasilia, Venetiola
**Hapalopus* Ausserer, 1875 – America Australis, Panama
**Hapalotremus* Simon, 1903 – Bolivia, Peruvia, Argentina
**Haploclastus* Simon, 1892 – India
**Haplocosmia* Schmidt & von Wirth, 1996 – Nepalia
**Harpactira* Ausserer, 1871 – Africa Australis, Namibia
**Harpactirella* Purcell, 1902 – Africa Australis, Marocum
**Hemirrhagus* Simon, 1903 – Mexicum
**Heterophrictus* Pocock, 1900 – India
**Heteroscodra* Pocock, 1900 – Cameronia, Gabonia, Respubica Congensis
**Heterothele* Karsch, 1879 – Africa, Argentina
**Holothele* Karsch, 1879 – Regio Maris Caribici, America Australis
**Homoeomma* Ausserer, 1871 – America Australis
**Hysterocrates* Simon, 1892 – Africa
**Idiothele* Hewitt, 1919 – Africa Australis
**Iridopelma* Pocock, 1901 – Brasilia
**Ischnocolus* Ausserer, 1871 – Africa, Asia, Brasilia, Europa
**Kankuamo* Perafán, Galvis & Pérez-Miles, 2016
**Kochiana* Fukushima, Nagahama & Bertani, 2008 – Brasilia
**Lampropelma* Simon, 1892 – Indonesia, Malaesia, Singapura
**Lasiodora* C. L. Koch, 1850 – America Australis, Costarica
**Lasiodorides* Schmidt & Bischoff, 1997 – Aequatoria, Peruvia
**Longilyra* Gabriel, 2014 – Salvatoria
**Loxomphalia* Simon, 1889 – Tanzania
**Loxoptygus* Simon, 1903 – Aethiopia
**Lyrognathus* Pocock, 1895 – Indonesia, India, Malaesia
**Magnacarina* Mendoza, Locht, Kaderka, Medina & Pérez-Miles, 2016 – Mexicum
**Mascaraneus* Gallon, 2005 – Mauritius
**Megaphobema* Pocock, 1901 – Costarica, Columbia, Aequatoria
**Melognathus* Chamberlin, 1917
**Metriopelma* Becker, 1878 – Mexicum
**Miaschistopus* Pocock, 1897 – Venetioa
**Monocentropus* Pocock, 1897 – Iemenia, Madagascaria
**Munduruku* Miglio, Bonaldo & Pérez-MIles, 2013
**Mygalarachne* Ausserer, 1871 – Honduria
**Myostola* Simon, 1903 – Gabonia, Cameronia
**Neischnocolus* Petrunkevitch, 1925 – Panama
**Neoheterophrictus* Siliwal & Raven, 2012 – India
**Neoholothele* Guadanucci & Weinmann, 2015 – Columbia, Trinitas et Tabacum, Ventiola
**Neostenotarsus* Pribik & Weinmann, 2004 – Guiana Francica
**Nesiergus* Simon, 1903 – Insulae Seisellenses
**Nesipelma* Schmidt & Kovařík, 1996 – Sanctus Christophorus et Nives
**Nhandu* Lucas, 1983 – Brasilia, Paraquaria
**Omothymus* Thorell, 1891 – Malaesia
**Ornithoctonus* Pocock, 1892 – Birmania, Thailandia
**Orphnaecus* Simon, 1892 – Papua Nova Guinea,Philippinae
**Ozopactus* Simon, 1889 – Venetiola
**Pachistopelma* Pocock, 1901 – Brasilia
**Pamphobeteus* Pocock, 1901 – America Australis, Panama
**Pelinobius* Karsch, 1885 – Kenia, Tanzania
**Phlogiellus* Pocock, 1897 – Asia, Papua Nova Guinea
**Phoneyusa* Karsch, 1884 – Africa
**Phormictopus* Pocock, 1901 – Cuba, Argentina, Brasilia
**Phormingochilus* Pocock, 1895 – Indonesia
**Phrixotrichus* Simon, 1889 – Tsilia, Argentina
**Plesiopelma* Pocock, 1901 – America Australis
**Plesiophrictus* Pocock, 1899 – India, Micronesia, Srilanca
**Poecilotheria* Simon, 1885 – Srilanca, India
**Proshapalopus* Mello-Leitão, 1923 – Brasilia, Columbia
**Psalmopoeus* Pocock, 1895 – Trinitas et Tabacum, America Australis, America Media, Mexicum
**Psednocnemis* West, Nunn & Hogg, 2012 – Malaesia, Indonesia
**Pseudhapalopus* Strand, 1907 – America Australis, Trinitas et Tabacum
**Pseudoclamoris* Hüsser, 2018 – Columbia, Peruvia, Aequatoria
**Pterinochilus* Pocock, 1897 – Africa
**Pterinopelma* Pocock, 1901 – Brasilis
**Reichlingia* Rudloff, 2001 – Beliza
**Reversopelma* Schmidt, 2001 – Aequatoria vel Peruvia
**Sahydroaraneus* Mirza & Sanap, 2014 – India
**Sandinista* Longhorn & Gabriel, 2019
**Schismatothele* Karsch, 1879 – Venetiola, Columbia
**Schizopelma* F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897 – Mexicum
**Scopelobates* Simon, 1903 – Respublica Dominicana
**Selenocosmia* Ausserer, 1871 – Oceania, Asia
**Selenogyrus* Pocock, 1897 – Litus Eburneum, Mons Leonis
**Selenotholus* Hogg, 1902 – Australia
**Selenotypus* Pocock, 1895 – Australia
**Sericopelma* Ausserer, 1875 – America Media, Brasilia, Mexicum
**Sickius* Soares & Camargo, 1948 – Brasilia
**Sphaerobothria* Karsch, 1879 – Costarica, Panama
**Spinosatibiapalpus* Gabriel & Sherwood, 2020
**Stichoplastoris* Rudloff, 1997 – Salvatoria, Costarica, Panama
**Stromatopelma* Karsch, 1881 – Africa
**Tapinauchenius* Ausserer, 1871 – America Australis, Sanctus Vincentius et Grenadinae
**Theraphosa* Thorell, 1870 – America Australis
**Tliltocatl* - Mexicum, Costarica, Guatemala
**Thrigmopoeus* Pocock, 1899 – India
**Thrixopelma* Schmidt, 1994 – Peruvia, Tsilia
**Tmesiphantes* Simon, 1892 – Brazil
**Trichognathella* Gallon, 2004 – Africa Australis
**Trichopelma* Simon, 1888 – regio Maris Caribici, America Australis, America Media
**Typhochlaena* C. L. Koch, 1850 – Brasilia
**Umbyquyra* Gargiulo, Brescovit & Lucas, 2018 – Bolivia, Brasilia
**Vitalius* Lucas, Silva & Bertani, 1993 – Brasilia, Argentina
**Xenesthis* Simon, 1891 – Panama, Venetiola, Columbia
**Ybyrapora* Fukushima & Bertani, 2017 – Brasilia

;Genera obsoleta:
**Ami* Pérez-Miles, 2008 → *Neischnocolus*
**Barropelma* Chamberlin, 1940 → *Neischnocolus*
**Eurypelmella* Strand, 1907, *nomen dubium*
**Magulla* Simon, 1892 → *Tmesiphantes*
**Melloleitaoina* Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1960 → *Tmesiphantes*

**Grammostola actaeon*

## Notae
## Bibliographia
*Blaikie, Andrew J., John Ellis, Roshini Sanders, et Caroline J. MacEwen. 1997. "Eye disease associated with handling pet tarantulas: three case reports." *BMJ* 314, no. 7093 (24 Maii): 1524–5. . PMC 2126783. PMID 9183200. Editio interretialis.
*Coddington, J. A. 2005. "Phylogeny and Classification of Spiders." In *Spiders of North America: An Identification Manual,* ed. D. Ubick, P. Paquin, P. E. Cushing, et V. Roth, cap 2, pp. 18–-24. American Arachnological Society.
*Estrada-Alvarez, Julio C., et H. D. Cameron. 2012. "Etymological origins of the generic names of Mexican tarantulas (Araneae:Theraphosidae)." *Revista Ibérica de Aracnología* 21: 153–160. Editio interretialis.
*Foelix, Rainer F. 1992. *Biologie der Spinnen.* Stutgardiae: Georg Thieme. ISBN 3-13-575802-8.
*Koch, C. L. 1850. *Übersicht des Arachnidensystems.* Vol. 5. Norimbergae: J. L. Lotzbeck. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.39561. Editio interretialis.
*Pocock, R. I. 1901. "Some new and old genera of S.-American Avicularidae." *Annals and Magazine of Natural History* series 7: 8 (48): 540–55. . Editio interretialis.
*Raven, R. R. 2005. "A new tarantula species from northern Australia (Araneae, Theraphosidae)." *Zootaxa* 1004: 15–28. . PDF.
*Reichling, S. B., et R. C. West. 1996. "A new genus and species of theraphosid spider from Belize (Araneae, Theraphosidae)." *Journal of Arachnology* 24: 254–61. PDF.
*Schmerler, Johann Adam. 1794/ *Lateinisch-deutsches und deutsch lateinisches Wörterbuch.* Ed. tertia, vol. 2. Erlangen: J. J. Palm. OCLC 669374426. Google Books.

## Nexus externi
* TarantulaForum.com.
* Tarantulas US Forum.
* "Word of the Day: Tarantula and Tarantella."
* "Overview of Species Information for All Named Theraphosidae Divided by Subfamily."
* Omnes Theraphosidarum hodie nominatarum.
* Praesidium Societatis Tarantularum Americanae.
* "Amazing Tarantulas."
* 
* Watch Pelliculuae Theraphosidarum ex archivo BBC. Wildlife Finder.
* "Theraphosidae Belgium."
* RDCU.be.