Catocala

***Catocala*** (ex verbis Graecis *kato* 'post' + *kalos* 'pulcher'&thinsp;; Anglice *underwing*) est genus papilionum subfamiliae Catocalinarum familiae Noctuidarum, in Eurasia et America Septentrionali endemicum. 

Plurimis speciebus sunt coloratissimae alae inferiores, plerumque aurantiae, rubrae, vel albae. Clarae animalium quiescentium alae posteriores in conspectu non sunt, ab obscuris alis anterioribus occultatae, sed papilionibus adiuvant in avibus aliisque praedatoribus eludendis si interdiu conturbantur (Stevens 2005).

Larvae plurimarum specierum foliis arborum et fruticum vescuntur.

Ob varietatem colorum et diversitatem specierum, *Catocalae* conlectoribus papilionum gratissimae sunt.

## Species 
* *Catocala abacta* Staudinger, 1900
** *Catocala abacta irana* Brandt, 1938
* *Catocala abamita* Bremer & Grey, 1853
* *Catocala abbreviatella* Grote, 1872
* *Catocala actaea* Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874
** *Catocala actaea nigricans* Mell, 1939
* *Catocala adultera* Ménétriés, 1856
* *Catocala aenigma* Sheljuzhko, 1943
* *Catocala aestimabilis* Staudinger, 1892
* *Catocala afghana* Swinhoe, 1885
* *Catocala agitatrix* Graeser, 1888
* *Catocala agrippina* Strecker, 1874
* *Catocala aholibah* Strecker, 1874
* *Catocala alabamae* Grote, 1875
* *Catocala allusa* Hulst, 1884
* *Catocala amabilis* Bang-Haas, 1907
* *Catocala amatrix* Hübner, [1813]
* *Catocala amestris* Strecker, 1874
* *Catocala amica* Hübner, 1818
* *Catocala amnonfreidbergi* Kravchenko et al., 2008
* *Catocala andromache* H. Edwards, 1885
* *Catocala andromedae* Guenée, 1852
* *Catocala angusi* Grote, 1876
* *Catocala antinympha* Hübner, [1823]
* *Catocala ariana* Vartian, 1964
* *Catocala armandi* Poujade, 1988
** *Catocala armandi shirozui* Sugi, 1982
* *Catocala artobolevskiji* Sheljuzhko, 1943
* *Catocala atocala* Brou, 1985
* *Catocala badia* Grote & Robinson, 1866
* *Catocala bella* Butler, 1877
* *Catocala benjamini* Brower, 1937
* *Catocala blandula* Hulst, 1884
* *Catocala bokhaica* Kononenko, 1979
* *Catocala brandti* Hacker & Kaut, 1999
* *Catocala briseis* Edwards, 1864
* *Catocala butleri* Leech, 1900
* *Catocala caesia* Hawks, 2010 
* *Catocala californica* Edwards, 1864
* *Catocala californiensis* Brower, 1976
* *Catocala cara* Guenée, 1852
* *Catocala carissima* Hulst, 1880 
* *Catocala catei* Weisert, 1998
* *Catocala cerogama* Guenée, 1852
* *Catocala charlottae* Brou, 1988
* *Catocala chelidonia* Grote, 1881
* *Catocala cleopatra* Strecker, 1874
* *Catocala clintoni* Grote, 1864
* *Catocala coccinata* Grote, 1872
* *Catocala columbina* Leech, 1900
** *Catocala columbina columbina* Leech, 1900
** *Catocala columbina yoshihikoi* Ishizuka, 2002
* *Catocala concumbens* Walker, [1858]
* *Catocala conjuncta* Esper, 1787
* *Catocala connexa* Butler, 1881
* *Catocala connubialis* Guenée, 1852
* *Catocala consors* Smith, 1797
** *Catocala consors sorsconi* Barnes & Benjamin, 1924
* *Catocala contemnenda* Staudinger, 1891
* *Catocala contorta* Warren
* *Catocala conversa* Esper, 1787
* *Catocala crataegi* Saunders, 1876
* *Catocala danilovi* Bang-Haas, 1927
* *Catocala deducta* Eversmann, 1843
* *Catocala dejeani* Mell, 1936
* *Catocala dejecta* Strecker, 1880
* *Catocala delilah* Strecker, 1874
* *Catocala desdemona* H. Edwards, 1882
* *Catocala desiderata* Staudinger, 1888
* *Catocala detrita* Warren, 1913
* *Catocala deuteronympha* Staudinger, 1861
** *Catocala deuteronympha omphale* Butler, 1881
** *Catocala deuteronympha tschiliensis* Bang-Haas, 1927
* *Catocala dilecta* Hübner, [1808]
* *Catocala disjuncta* Geyer, [1828]
* *Catocala dissimilis* Bremer, 1861
** Syn. *Catocala nigricans*
* *Catocala distorta* Butler, 1889
* *Catocala diversa* Geyer, [1826]
* *Catocala doerriesi* Staudinger, 1888
* *Catocala dotatoides* Poole, 1989
* *Catocala dula* Bremer, 1861
** *Catocala dula carminea* Mell, 1939
* *Catocala dulciola* Grote, 1881
* *Catocala duplicata* Butler, 1885
* *Catocala editarevayae* Kravchenko et al., 2008
* *Catocala electa* Vieweg, 1790
** *Catocala electa zalmunna* Butler, 1877
** *Catocala electa tschiliensis* Bang-Haas, 1927
* *Catocala electilis* Walker, [1858]
* *Catocala ella* Butler, 1877
* *Catocala elocata* Esper, 1787
** *Catocala elocata locata* Staudinger, [1892]
* *Catocala eminens* Staudinger, 1892
* *Catocala epione* Drury, [1773]
* *Catocala eutychea* Treitschke, 1835
* *Catocala faustina* Strecker, 1873
* *Catocala flavescens* Hampson, 1894
* *Catocala flebilis* Grote, 1872
* *Catocala florianii* Saldaitis & Ivinskis, 2008
* *Catocala formosana* Okano, 1958
* *Catocala francisca* H. Edwards, 1880
* *Catocala fraxini* Linnaeus, 1758
** *Catocala fraxini jezoensis* Matsumura, 1931
** *Catocala fraxini legionensis* Gómez Bustillo & Vega Escandon, 1975
** *Catocala fraxini yuennanensis* Mell, 1936
* *Catocala frederici* Grote, 1872
* *Catocala fredi* Bytinsky-Salz & Brandt, 1937
* *Catocala fugitiva* Warren, 1914
* *Catocala fulminea* Scopoli, 1763
** *Catocala fulminea chekiangensis* Mell, 1933
** *Catocala fulminea fulminea* Scopoli, 1763
** *Catocala fulminea xarippe* Butler, 1877
* *Catocala fuscinupta* Hampson, 1913
* *Catocala glauditta* Schawerda, 1934
* *Catocala gracilis* Edwards, 1864
* *Catocala grisatra* Brower, 1936
* *Catocala grotiana* Bailey, 1879
* *Catocala grynea* Cramer, [1780]
* *Catocala habilis* Grote, 1872
* *Catocala haitzi* Bang-Haas, 1936
* *Catocala hariti* Ishizuka & Ohshima, 2002
* *Catocala helena* Eversmann, 1856
** *Catocala helena beicki* Mell, 1936
** *Catocala helena kurenzovi* Moltrecht, 1927
* *Catocala hermia* H. Edwards, 1880
* *Catocala herodias* Strecker, 1876
* *Catocala hippolyta* Strecker, 1874
* *Catocala hoenei* Mell, 1936
* *Catocala hymenaea* [Schiffermüller], 1775
* *Catocala hymenoides* Draeseke, 1927
* *Catocala hyperconnexa* Sugi, 1965
* *Catocala ilia* Cramer, [1776]
* *Catocala illecta* Walker, [1858]
* *Catocala inconstans* Butler, 1889
* *Catocala infasciata* Mell, 1936
* *Catocala innubens* Guenée, 1852
* *Catocala insolabilis* Guenée, 1852
* *Catocala intacta* Leech, 1889
** *Catocala intacta taiwana* Sugi, 1965
* *Catocala invasa* Leech, 1900
* *Catocala irene* Behr, 1870
* *Catocala jair* Strecker, 1897
* *Catocala jansseni* Prout, 1924
* *Catocala jessica* H. Edwards, 1877
* *Catocala johnsoniana* Brower, 1976
* *Catocala jonasii* Butler, 1877
* *Catocala judith* – Strecker, 1874
* *Catocala juncta* Staudinger, 1889
* *Catocala junctura* Walker, [1858]
* *Catocala kasenko* Ishizuka, 2007
* *Catocala koreana* Staudinger, 1892
* *Catocala kotschubeyi* Sheljuzhko, 1927
* *Catocala kuangtungensis* Mell, 1931
* *Catocala kusnezovi* Püngeler, 1914
* *Catocala lacrymosa* Guenée, 1852
* *Catocala lara* Bremer, 1861
** *Catocala lara pallidamajor* Mell, 1939
* *Catocala laura* Speidel, Ivinskis & Saldaitis, 2008
* *Catocala largeteaui* Oberthür, 1881
** *Catocala largeteaui yunnana* Mell, 1936
* *Catocala leechi* Hampson, 1913
* *Catocala lehmanni* Speidel, Ivinskis & Saldaitis, 2008
* *Catocala lesbia* Christoph, 1887
** *Catocala lesbia fittkaui* Kravchenko et al., 2008
** *Catocala lesbia lesbia* Christoph, 1887
* *Catocala lincolnana* Brower, 1976
* *Catocala lineella* Grote, 1872
* *Catocala longipalpis* Mell, 1936
* *Catocala louiseae* Bauer, 1965
** Syn. *Catocala protonympha*
* *Catocala luciana* Strecker, 1874
* *Catocala luctuosa* Hulst, 1884
* *Catocala lupina* Herrich-Schäffer, [1851]
** *Catocala lupina kastshenkoi* Sheljuzhko, 1943
* *Catocala luscinia* Brandt, 1938
* *Catocala macula* Hampson, 1891
* *Catocala maculata* Vincent, 1919
* *Catocala maestosa* Hulst, 1884
* *Catocala manitoba* Beutenmüller, 1908
* *Catocala mariana* Rambur, 1858
* *Catocala marmorata* Edwards, 1864
* *Catocala martyrum* Oberthür, 1881
* *Catocala mcdunnoughi* Brower, 1937
* *Catocala meskei* Grote, 1873
* *Catocala mesopotamica* Kusnezov, 1903
* *Catocala messalina* Guenée, 1852
* *Catocala micronympha* Guenée, 1852
* *Catocala minuta* Edwards, 1864
* *Catocala mira* Grote, 1876
* *Catocala miranda* H. Edwards, 1881
* *Catocala mirifica* Butler, 1877
* *Catocala moltrechti* Bang-Haas, 1927
* *Catocala muliercula* Guenée, 1852
* *Catocala musmi* Hampson, 1913
* *Catocala naganoi* Sugi, 1982
* *Catocala nagioides* Wileman, 1924
* *Catocala naumanni* Sviridov, 1996
* *Catocala nebulosa* Edwards, 1864
* *Catocala neglecta* Staudinger, 1888
* *Catocala neogama* Smith, 1797
* *Catocala neonympha* Esper, 1805
** *Catocala neonympha osthelderensis* Hacker, 1990
** *Catocala neonympha variegata* Warren, 1913
* *Catocala nivea* Butler, 1877
** *Catocala nivea asahinaorum* Owada, 1986
** *Catocala nivea krosawai* Owada, 1986
* *Catocala nubila* Butler, 1881
* *Catocala nupta* Linnaeus, 1767
** *Catocala nupta alticola* Mell, 1942
** *Catocala nupta centralasiae* Kusnezov, 1903
** *Catocala nupta clara* Osthelder, 1933
** *Catocala nupta concubia* Walker, [1858]
** *Catocala nupta japonica* Mell, 1936
** *Catocala nupta kansuensis* O. Bang-Haas, 1927
** *Catocala nupta japonica* Mell, 1936
** *Catocala nupta nozawae* Matsumura, 1911
** *Catocala nupta nuptialis* Staudinger, 1901
** *Catocala nupta obscurata* Oberthür, 1880
* *Catocala nuptialis* Walker, [1858]
* *Catocala nymphaea* Esper, 1787
* *Catocala nymphaeoides* Herrich-Schäffer, 1852
* *Catocala nymphagoga* Esper, 1787
* *Catocala oberthueri* Austaut, 1879
* *Catocala obscena* Alphéraky, 1879
* *Catocala obscura* Strecker, 1873
* *Catocala olgaorlovae* Kravchenko et al., 2008
** *Catocala olgaorlovae duschara* Lewandowski & Tober, 2008
** *Catocala olgaorlovae olgaorlovae* Kravchenko et al., 2008
* *Catocala ophelia* H. Edwards, 1880
* *Catocala optata* Godart, 1824
** *Catocala optata atlantica* Le Cerf, 1932
* *Catocala optima* Staudinger, 1888
* *Catocala orba* Kuznezov, 1903
* *Catocala orientalis* Staudinger, 1877
* *Catocala oshimai* Ishizuka, 2001
* *Catocala pacta* Linnaeus, 1758
** *Catocala pacta deserta* Kozhantschikov, 1925
* *Catocala paki* Kishida, 1981
* *Catocala palaeogama* Guenée, 1852
* *Catocala parta* Guenée, 1852
* *Catocala patala* Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874
** *Catocala patala patala*
** *Catocala patala volcanica*
* *Catocala pataloides* Mell, 1931
* *Catocala persimilis* Warren, 1888
* *Catocala piatrix* Grote, 1864
** *Catocala piatrix dionyza* H. Edwards, 1884
* *Catocala pirata* Herz, 1904
* *Catocala praeclara* Grote & Robinson, 1866
* *Catocala praegnax* Walker, 1858
** *Catocala praegnax sakaii* Kishida, 1981
* *Catocala pretiosa* Lintner, 1876
* *Catocala prolifica* Walker, 1857
* *Catocala promissa* [Schiffermüller], 1775
* *Catocala proxeneta* Alphéraky, 1895
** *Catocala proxeneta sutschana* Sheljuzhko, 1943
* *Catocala puella* Leech, 1889
* *Catocala puerpera* Giorna, 1791
* *Catocala puerperoides* Kravchenko et al., 2008
* *Catocala rama* Moore, [1885]
* *Catocala relicta* Walker, [1858]
* *Catocala remissa* Staudinger, 1892
* *Catocala repudiata* Staudinger, 1888
* *Catocala residua* Grote, 1874
* *Catocala retecta* Grote, 1872
** *Catocala retecta luctuosa* Hulst, 1884
* *Catocala rhodosoma* Röber, 1927
* *Catocala robinsoni* Grote, 1872
* *Catocala sappho* Strecker, 1874
* *Catocala seiohbo* Ishizuka, 2002
* *Catocala semirelicta* Grote, 1874
* *Catocala separans* Leech, 1889
* *Catocala separata* Freyer, 1846
* *Catocala serena* Edwards, 1864
* *Catocala similis* Edwards, 1864
* *Catocala solntsevi* Sviridov, 1997
* *Catocala sordida* Grote, 1877
* *Catocala sponsa* Linnaeus, 1767
* *Catocala sponsalis* Walker, 1858
* *Catocala streckeri* Staudinger, 1888
* *Catocala subnata* Grote, 1864
* *Catocala sultana* A. Bang-Haas, 1910
* *Catocala szechuena* Hampson, 1913
* *Catocala tapestrina* Moore, 1882
** *Catocala tapestrina forresti* Mell, 1939
* *Catocala texanae* French, 1902
* *Catocala thomsoni* Prout, 1924
* *Catocala timur* Bang-Haas, 1907
* *Catocala tokui* Sugi, 1976
* *Catocala triphaenoides* Oberthür, 1881
* *Catocala ulalume* Strecker, 1878
* *Catocala uljanae* Sinyaev, Saldaitis & Ivinskis, 2007
* *Catocala ultronia* Hübner, 1823
* *Catocala umbrosa* Brou, 2002
* *Catocala unijuga* Walker, [1858]
* *Catocala verrilliana* Grote, 1875
* *Catocala vestalis* Boisduval, 1829
* *Catocala vidua* Smith, 1797
* *Catocala violenta* H. Edwards, 1880
* *Catocala viviannae* Hacker & Kautt, 1996
* ?*Catocala weigerti* Hacker, 1999
* *Catocala whitneyi* Dodge, 1874
* *Catocala wushensis* Okano, 1964
* *Catocala xizangensis* Chen, 1991

## Priores species selectae 
Hae species nuper factae sunt synonyma, et eorum binomina non iam valida sunt.
* *Catocala babayaga* Strecker, 1884
* *Catocala davidi* Oberthür, 1881
* *Catocala nevadensis* Beutenmüller, 1907
* *Catocala olivia* H. Edwards, 1880
* *Catocala pura* Hulst, 1880
* *Catocala stretchi* Behr, 1870
* *Catocala titania* Dodge, 1900

## Pinacotheca 
### *Catocalae* (species Europaeae) 

Fasciculus: 'Catocala fulminea'.jpg|*Catocala fulminea*
Fasciculus: Catocala nymphagoga.jpg|*Catocala nymphagoga*
Fasciculus: Catocala conversa.jpg|*Catocala conversa* 
Fasciculus: Catocala diversa.jpg|*Catocala diversa*
Fasciculus: Catocala nymphaea.01.jpg|*Catocala nymphaea*
Image: Catocala neonympha.01.jpg|*Catocala neonympha* 
Fasciculus: Catocala disjuncta.jpg|*Catocala disjuncta*
Fasciculus: Catocala separata.jpg|*Catocala separata*
Fasciculus: Catocala eutychea.jpg|*Catocala eutychea*
Fasciculus: Catocala hymenaea.jpg|*Catocala hymenaea*
Fasciculus: Catocala mariana.jpg|*Catocala mariana*
Fasciculus: Catocala electa01.jpg|*Catocala electa*
Fasciculus: Catocala nupta.01.jpg |*Catocala nupta*
Fasciculus: Catocala elocata.01.jpg|*Catocala elocata*
Fasciculus: Catocala puerpera.jpg|*Catocala puerpera*
Fasciculus: Catocala sponsa.01.jpg |*Catocala sponsa*
Fasciculus: Catocala dilecta.jpg |*Catocala dilecta*
Fasciculus: Catocala promissa.jpg |*Catocala promissa*
Fasciculus: Catocala pacta.jpg |*Catocala pacta*
Fasciculus: Catocala optata.jpg|*Catocala optata*
Fasciculus:Catocala lupina.jpg|*Catocala lupina*
Fasciculus: Catocala adultera1.jpg|*Catocala adultera* 
Fasciculus: Catocala coniuncta.jpg|*Catocala conjuncta*
Fasciculus: Catocala fraxini.01.jpg|*Catocala fraxini*

### *Catocalae* falsae 

Fasciculus: Cathephia alchymista.jpg|*Catephia alchymista*
Fasciculus: Mormo maura.1.JPG |*Mormo maura*
Fasciculus: Minucia lunaris.jpg|*Minucia lunaris*

## Notae 

## Bibliographia 
* *Animal Behavior* 62: 349–368.
* Ishizuka, K. 2002. "Notes on *Catocala columbina* Leech, 1900 (Lepidoptela, Noctuidae), with description of new taxa." *Gekkan-Mushi* (379): 12–13.
* Ishizuka, K. 2007. "A new species of Catocala Schrank, 1802 from Western China (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)." *Gekkan-Mushi* (439): 22–24.
* Kravchenko, V. D., et al. 2008. "New underwing taxa of the section of *Catocala lesbia* Christoph, 1887 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)." *Acta Zoologica Lituanica* 18(1): 30–49.
* Kravchenko, V. D., W. Speidel, et al. 2008. "A new species of *Catocala* from Israel (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)." *Acta Zoologica Lituanica* 18(2): 127–129.
* Leech, J. J. 1900. *Trans. ent. Soc. London* 1900: 511–663.
* Lewandowski, S. & Tober, K. 2008. "*Catocala olgaorlovae duschara* subspec. nov. aus Jordanien (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)." *Atalanta* 39(1-4): 377–378.
* Saldaitis, A., et P. Ivinskis. 2008. "*Catocala florianii*, a new species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from China." *Acta Zoologica Lituanica* 18(2): 124–126.
* Sinyaev, V., A. Saldaitis, et P. Ivinskis, P. 2007. *Acta Zoologica Lituanica* 17(4): 272–275.
* Speidel, W., P. Ivinskis, et A. Saldaitis. 2008. "A new Catocala species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from China." *Acta Zoologica Lituanica* 18(2): 122–123.
* Stevens, M. 2005. "The role of eyespots as anti-predator mechanisms, principally demonstrated in the Lepidoptera." *Biological Reviews* 80(4): 573–588. . HTML abstractum.
* "Underwing Moths of Oklahoma" apud ssitum digital.library.okstate.edu
* Weisert, F. 1998. *Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Österreichischen Entomologen* 50: 125–126.

## Nexus externi 
* De genere apud situm bugguide.net
* De genere apud situm funet.fi
* De genere apud situm silkmoths.bizland.com

*
Categoria:Taxa Schrank
Categoria:Taxa 1802