Logica modalis

[thumb|upright=0.8|[Ruth Barcan Marcus|Ruth C. Barcan (deinde Ruth Barcan Marcus) prima axiomatica logicae modalis quantificatae systemata excogitavit.]]
**Logica modalis** est genus logicae formalis plerumque annis 1960 constitutae quae logicas propositionalem et praedicatam classicas extendit ut operatores modalitatem exprimentes comprehendant. Quoddam modale (vocabulum quod modalitatem significat) dictum temperat. Exempli gratia, dictum "Ioannes felix est" temperari potest dicendo Ioannem usitate felicem esse, cum vocabulum *usitate* ut modale fungitur. Inter traditionales modalitates alethicas, etiam modalitates veritatis appellatas, sunt possibilitas ("Fortasse, *p*" et "Possibile est quod *p*"), necessitas ("Necessarie, *p*" et "Necesse est quod *p*"), et impossibilitas ("Impossibliter, *p*" et "Impossibile est quod *p*"). Inter alias modalitates in logica modali formalizatas sunt modalitates temporales, etiam modalitates temporis appellatae (insigniter "Fuit quod *p*", "Semper est quod *p*", "Erit quod *p*", et "Semper erit quod *p*"); deonticae (insigniter, "Obligatorium est quod *p*" et "Licet ut *p*"); epistemicae, etiam modalitates scientiae ("Scitur quod *p*"); et doxasticae, etiam modalitates fidei appellatae ("Creditur quod *p*").

*David Kellogg Lewis
*De dicto et de re
*Logica
*Logica mathematica
*Logica modalis classica
*Necessitas conceptualis
*Necessitas metaphysica
*Modalitas alethica
*Mundus qui fieri non potest
*Realismus modalis
*Rhetorica
*Trivialismus
*Verbum modale

## Notae
## Bibliograpbhia
*Beth, Evert W. 1955. Semantic entailment and formal derivability. *Mededlingen van de Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeling Letterkunde,* N.R. 18(13): 309–42. Iterum impressus in Jaakko Intikka, ed., *The Philosophy of Mathematics.* Oxoniae: Oxford University Press, 1969.
*Beth, Evert W. 1962. *Formal Methods: An Introduction to Symbolic Logic and to the Study of Effective Operations in Arithmetic and Logic.* D. Reidel.
*Blackburn, Patrick, Johan van Benthem, et Frank Wolter, eds. 2006. *Handbook of Modal Logic.* North Holland.
*Blackburn, Patrick, Maarten de Rijke, et Yde Venema. 2001. *Modal Logic.* Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521802008.
*Borghini, Andrea. 2016. *A Critical Introduction to the Metaphysics of Modality.* Novi Eboraci: Bloomsbury.
*Chagrov, Aleksandr, et Michael Zakharyaschev. 1997. *Modal Logic.* Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198537794.
*Chellas, B. F. 1980. *Modal Logic: An Introduction.* Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521224764.
*Cresswell, M. J. 2001. Modal Logic. In *The Blackwell Guide to Philosophical Logic,* ed. Lou Goble, 136–58. Basil Blackwell. ISBN 0631206930.
*Fitting, Melvin, et R. L. Mendelsohn. 1998. *First Order Modal Logic.* Kluwer. ISBN 0792353358.
*Gabbay, D. M., A. Kurucz, F. Wolter, et M. Zakharyaschev. 2003. *Many-Dimensional Modal Logics: Theory and Applications.* Studies in Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics, 148. Elsevier. ISBN 0444508260.
*Garson, James. 2006. *Modal Logic for Philosophers.* Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521682290.
*Girle, Rod. 2000. *Modal Logics and Philosophy.* Acumen. ISBN 0773521399.
*Goldblatt, Robert. 1992. *Logics of Time and Computation.* Ed. 2a. CSLI Lecture Notes, 7. Sicago: University of Chicago Press.
*Goldblatt, Robert. 1993. *Mathematics of Modality.* CSLI Lecture Notes,43. Sicagi: University of Chicago Press.
*Goldblatt, Robert. 2006 Mathematical Modal Logic: a View of its Evolution. In *Handbook of the History of Logic, Vol. 6,* ed. D. M. Gabbay et John Woods. Elsevier.
*Goré, Rajeev. 1999. Tableau Methods for Modal and Temporal Logics. In *Handbook of Tableau Methods,* ed. M. D'Agostino, D. Gabbay, R. Haehnle, et J. Posegga, 297–396. Kluwer.
*Hinntikka, Jaakko. 1962. *Knowledge and Belief.* Ithacae Novi Eboraci:  Cornell University Press.
*Hughes, G. E., et M. J. Cresswell. 1996/ *A New Introduction to Modal Logic.* Routledge. ISBN 0415125995.
*Jónsson, B., et Alfred Tarski. 1951–1952. Boolean Algebra with Operators I and II. *American Journal of Mathematics* 73: 891–939 et 74: 129–62.
*Kracht, Marcus. 1999. *Tools and Techniques in Modal Logic.* Studies in Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics, 142. North Holland.
*Lemmon, E. J., cum Dana Scott. 1977. *An Introduction to Modal Logic.* American Philosophical Quarterly Monograph Series, 11. Krister Segerberg, editor seriei. Basil Blackwell.
*Lewis, C. I., cum Cooper Harold Langford. 1932, 1959. *Symbolic Logic.* Dover. *Marcus, Ruth Barcan. 1993. *Modalities: Philosophical Essays.* Oxoniae: Oxford University Press.
*Marcus, Ruth Barcan. 1993. *Modalities.* Oxoniae: Oxford University Press.
*Prior, A. N. 1957. *Time and Modality.* Oxoniae: Oxford University Press.
*Prior, A. N. 1962. *Formal Logic.* Oxoniae: Oxford University Press.
*Prior, A. N. 1967. *Past, Present and Future.* Oxoniae: Oxford University Press.
*Rescher, N. 1968. *Topics in Philosophical Logic.* Humanities Press.
*Rescher et Urquhart. 1971. *Temporal Logic.* Springer-Verlag.
*Snyder, D. Paul. 1971. *Modal Logic and its applications.* Van Nostrand Reinhold Company.
*Zeman, J. J. 1973. *Modal Logic.* Reidel.

## Nexus externi
**Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy*
**Benthem, Johnan van. Modal Logic: A Contemporary View
**Cresswell, M. J. Rudolf Carnap's Modal Logic.
**Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy*
**Garson, James. Modal logic.
**Verbrugge, Rineke. Provability Logic.


Categoria:Logica non classica
Categoria:Logica philosophica
Categoria:Modalitas