Winston Churchill

[thumb|Winston Churchill anno [1943 lucis ope pictus]]

**Winston Churchillus**, plene *Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill* (natus 30 Novembris 1874 in Palatio Blenhemiensi iuxta Woodstock Angliae; Londinii mortuus die 24 Ianuarii 1965) fuit primus minister Britanniarum ab anno 1940 ad annum 1945 et ab 1951 ad 1955. Churchill, qui etiam praestantissimus orator erat, officio praefecti Britanniae annis secundi belli mundani functus est.

## Vita 
Randolphus Churchillus, vir publicus, Winstoni pater fuit. Ioaneta Jerome, orta e familia diviti Americana, fuit mater. Ab anno 1881 Winston apud scholas in Ascot et Bristelmestuna, deinde usque ad annum 1892 apud scholam Harroviensem studuit. 

Churchill miles fuit pro patria Britannia inter annos ab 1894 ad 1899. Anno 1898 in Sudania praefectus equitum meruit. Insequenti anno in Africa Australi bello Boerico rebus diurnariis operam dedit.

Anno 1900 cursum honorum in rebus politicis incepit et in parlamentum pro factione Conservativa electus est. Ab anno 1904 usque ad annum 1924 cum ad antiquam suam factionem rediit, Churchill tamen ad factionem Liberalem pertinuit.

Anno 1908 Clementinam Hozier in matrimonium duxit et ex ea quinque liberos (q.s. Diana, Randolphus, Sara, Marigold et Maria) genuit.

A die 6 Novembris 1924 usque ad diem 4 Iunii 1929 Churchill fuit cancellarius scaccarii, id est aerarii minister.

Mense Maio 1940 Adolphus Hitler post Poloniam, Daniam et Norvegiam etiam contra Nederlandiam, Belgicam, Luxemburgum et Franciam proelium commisit et eas profligavit. Churchill, qui iam ab anno 1933 Britannicos de summo periculo ab Adolpho Hitler effecto admonebat, Britanniarum primus minister creatus est. In acerbitatibus rerum et inter belli horas Churchill nihil nisi sanguinem, laborem, lacrimas et sudorem se Britannis promittere nuntiavit. 

Mense Iulio 1945 quamquam belli victor Churchill in petitionibus a factione Laboris, Clemente Attlee duce, profligatus est, sed anno 1951 iterum primus minister electus est. Quod officium usque ad diem 5 Aprilis 1955 retinuit, successore Antonio Eden.

Churchill sodalis Regalis Societatis Londiniensis anno 1941 cooptatus est. Anno 1953 propter opera historica et biographica necnon orationes Nobelianum Litteraturae Praemium accepit.

## Administrationes quibus praefuit 
* I administratio ( 10 Maii 1940 – 27 Iulii 1945)
* II administratio ( 26 Octobris 1951 – 7 Aprilis 1955 )

## Opera scripta potiora 
* 1898 : *The Story of the Malakand Field Force*
* 1899 : *The River War*. 2 voll.
* 1900 : *Savrola* [mythistoria]
* 1906 : *Lord Randolph Churchill*. 2 voll. [de vita patris]
* 1909 : ''The People's Rights*
* 1923-1931 : *The World Crisis* et *The Aftermath*. 5 voll.
* 1930 : *My Early Life* [de vita sua]
* 1931 : *The Eastern Front*
* 1932 : *Thoughts and Adventures*
* 1933-1938 : *Marlborough: his life and times*. 4 voll.
* 1937 : *Great Contemporaries*
* 1938 : *Arms and the Covenant*
* 1948 : *Painting as a Pastime*
* 1948-1954 : *The Second World War*. 6 voll.
* 1956-1958 : *A History of the English-Speaking Peoples*. 4 voll.

## Notae 
## Bibliographia 
; Bibliographica
* Rasor, Eugene L. 2000. *Winston S. Churchill, 1874–1965: A Comprehensive Historiography and Annotated Bibliography*. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-30546-3.

; Documenta
* Coombs, David; Churchill, Minnie. *Sir Winston Churchill: His Life through His Paintings*. Pegasus, 2003. ISBN 0-7624-2731-0
* James, Robert Rhodes, ed. *Winston S. Churchill: His Complete Speeches, 1897–1963*. 8 voll. Chelsea House, 1974
* Loewenheim, Francis L.; Langley, Harold D., edd. *Roosevelt and Churchill: Their Secret Wartime Correspondence*. 1975
* Soames, Mary, ed. *Speaking for Themselves: The Personal Letters of Winston and Clementine Churchill*. 1998

; Scripta coaevorum
* Benn, Tony et al. "Churchill Remembered: Recollections by Tony Benn MP, Lord Carrington, Lord Deedes and Mary Soames" in *Transactions of the Royal Historical Society* vol. 11 (2001) pp. 393–414
* Browne, Anthony Montague. *Long sunset: memoirs of Winston Churchill's last private secretary*. Londinii: Cassell, 1995. ISBN 978-0-304-34478-9
* Charles Moran, *Winston Churchill: The Struggle for Survival*. Londinii: Constable, 1966

; Biographiae
* Best, Geoffrey. *Churchill: A Study in Greatness*. Oxonii: Oxford University Press, 2001. ISBN 978-1-85285-253-5
* Blake, Robert; Louis, William Roger, edd. *Churchill: A Major New Reassessment of His Life in Peace and War*. Oxonii: Oxford University Press, 1992. ISBN 978-0-19-282317-5
* Charmley, John. *Churchill, The End of Glory: A Political Biography*. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1993. ISBN 978-0-15-117881-0
* Churchill, Randolph; Gilbert, Martin. *Winston S. Churchill*. Londinii: Macmillan; Hillsdale Press, 1966–
** I. Youth, 1874–1900 (2 voll., 1966); II. Young Statesman, 1901–1914 (3 voll., 1967); III. The Challenge of War, 1914–1916 (3 voll., 1973); IV. The Stricken World, 1916–1922 (2 voll., 1975); V. The Prophet of Truth, 1923–1939 (3 voll., 1977); VI. Finest Hour, 1939–1941: The Churchill War Papers (2 voll., 1983); VII. Road to Victory, 1941–1945 (4 voll., 1986); VIII. Never Despair, 1945–1965 (3 voll., 1988)
* Jenkins, Roy, *Churchill: a biography*. Londinii: Macmillan, 2001
* Lukacs, John. *Churchill: Visionary, Statesman, Historian*. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002
* Manchester, William. *The Last Lion: Winston Spencer Churchill: Visions of Glory, 1874–1932*. 1983. ISBN 0-316-54503-1
* Manchester, William. *The Last Lion: Winston Spencer Churchill: Alone, 1932–1940*. 1988. ISBN 0-316-54512-0
* Manchester, William. *The Last Lion: Winston Spencer Churchill: Defender of the Realm, 1940–1965*. 2010
* Pelling, Henry. *Winston Churchill*. 1974. ISBN 1-84022-218-2
* Stansky, Peter, ed. *Churchill: A Profile*. 1973

; Specialia
* Charmley, John. *Churchill's Grand Alliance: The Anglo-American Special Relationship 1940–57''. Londinii: Hodder & Stoughton, 1996. ISBN 978-0-340-59760-6
* D'Este, Carlo. *Warlord: a life of Winston Churchill at war, 1874–1945*. Londinii: Allen Lane, 2008. ISBN 978-0-7139-9753-8
* Hastings, Max. *Finest Years: Churchill as Warlord, 1940–45*. Londinii: HarperPress, 2009. ISBN 978-0-00-726367-7
* James, Robert Rhodes. *Churchill: A Study in Failure, 1900–1939*. 1970
* Jordan, Anthony J. *Churchill: A Founder of Modern Ireland*. Westport Books, 1995. ISBN 978-0-9524447-0-1
* Kersaudy, François. *Churchill and De Gaulle*. 1981. ISBN 0-00-216328-4
* Lewis, G.K. "On the character and achievement of Sir Winston Churchill" in *Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science* vol. 23 (1957) pp. 173–194
* Pelling, Henry. ''Churchill's Peacetime Ministry, 1951-1955.* Londinii: Macmillan, 1997. ISBN 0-333-55597-X
* Ramsden, John. *Man of the Century: Winston Churchill and His Legend Since 1945*. Novi Ebpraci: Columbia University Press, 2002
* Stafford, David. *Churchill and Secret Service*. Londinii: John Murray, 1997. ISBN 0-7195-5407-1
* Toye, Richard. *Churchill's Empire: The World that Made Him and the World He Made*. Londinii: Macmillan, 2010. ISBN 978-0-230-70384-1
* Toye, Richard. *Lloyd George and Churchill: Rivals for Greatness*. London: Macmillan, 2007. ISBN 978-1-4050-4896-5

; Necrologiae
* Jones, R. V. "Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill 1874-1965" in *Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society* vol. 12 (1966) pp. 34–105

## Nexus externi 
* *The Churchill Centre* (situs eo dicatus)
* *Churchill War Rooms'' (de museo domorum bellicarum Churchillianarum)
* Archivum Churchillianum apud Collegium Churchill Cantabrigiense
** Vita Winston Churchill ibidem
* Museum Churchillianum Nationale iuxta Fulton Missuriae
* De Winston Churchill in pagina administrationis Angliae
* De Winston Churchill in pagina Nobeliano Litterarum Praemio dicata 
* De Winston Churchill in Archivo Regalis Societatis Londiniensis
* Opera aliqua Winston Churchill apud gutenberg.org
* Picturae ab Winston Churchill factae

Categoria:Politici Angliae
Categoria:Gubernatores Regni Britanniarum
Categoria:Cancellarii Scaccarii
Categoria:Secundum bellum mundanum
Categoria:Historici Britanniae
Categoria:Praemium Nobelianum Litteraturae
Categoria:Francomurarii
Categoria:Nati 1874
Categoria:Mortui 1965
Categoria:Socii Regalis Societatis Londiniensis
Categoria:Legati Parlamento Britannico
Categoria:Alumni Scholae Harroviensis
Categoria:Alumni Collegii et Academiae Sandhurst
Categoria:Georgius VI (rex Britanniarum)
Categoria:Praemium Caroli Magni
Categoria:Autobiographi
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