Homo neanderthalensis

[thumb|[Caput Neanderthalense e Chapelle-aux-Saints Franciae]]

 (King anno 1863), ex Valle Neanderthalensi in Germania appellatus, fuit species vel subspecies generis *Hominis* familiae Hominidarum. In litteris scientificis etiam nominatur. 

Nomen *neanderthalensis* nascitur ex nomine vallis  prope Dusseldorpium, ubi, anno 1866, reliquiae hominis detectae sunt, ossium similes hominum hodiernorum, sed cerebro maiore (1650 centimetris cubicis), fronte recedente, habituque omnino robustiore.

Partes ossium compages *Hominis neanderthalensis* in Belgia primum detectae sunt anno 1829, iterum Calpae.

*Homo neanderthalensis* est species Europaea et Asiatica. Antiquissima ossium compages sunt circa duocentum decies centum milia annorum antiqui. Species exstincta est abhinc plusquam annorum 50 milia in Asia et 30 milia in Europa.

Putatur *Homo neanderthalensis* ex *Homine erecto* aut *Homine heidelbergensi* ortum esse.

## Bibliographia 
* S. de Azevedo et al., "Nasal airflow simulations suggest convergent adaptation in Neanderthals and modern humans" in *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences* (30 Octobris 2017)
* Jérémy Duveau, Gilles Berillon, Christine Verna, Gilles Laisné, Dominique Cliquet, "The composition of a Neandertal social group revealed by the hominin footprints at Le Rozel (Normandy, France)" in *PNAS* (9 Septembris 2019) Epitome Nuntius cum imaginibus
* D. L. Hoffmann et al., "U-Th dating of carbonate crusts reveals Neandertal origin of Iberian cave art" in *Science* vol. 359 (2018) pp. 912-915
* Fotios Alexandros Karakostis, "Evidence for precision grasping in Neandertal daily activities" in *Science: Advances* vol. 4 no. 9 (26 Septembris 2018)
* Annemieke Milks, David Parker, Matt Pope, "External ballistics of Pleistocene hand-thrown spears: experimental performance data and implications for human evolution" in *Nature Scientific Reports* vol. 9 no. 820 (25 Ianuarii 2019)
* Ludovic Slimak, "The three waves: Rethinking the structure of the first Upper Paleolithic in Western Eurasia" in *PLOS One* (3 Maii 2023)
* Fernando A. Villanea, Joshua G. Schraiber, "Multiple episodes of interbreeding between Neanderthal and modern humans" in *Nature Ecology & Evolution* (26 Novembris 2018) Epitome
* Carl Zimmer, "In Neanderthal DNA, Signs of a Mysterious Human Migration" in *New York Times* (4 Iulii 2017) 

; Zoopharmacognosis
* Karen Hardy, Stephen Buckley, Michael Huffman, "Neanderthal self-medication in context" in *Antiquity* vol. 87 no. 337 (2013) pp. 873-878

; Alimentatio
* Ceren Kabukcu et al., "Cooking in caves: Palaeolithic carbonised plant food remains from Franchthi and Shanidar" in *Antiquity* (23 Novembris 2022)
* Nicholas J. Conard, Jürgen Richter, edd., *Neanderthal Lifeways, Subsistence and Technology: One Hundred Fifty Years of Neanderthal Study*. Berolini: Springer, 2011. ISBN 9789400704152 
* Sireen El Zaatari, Frederick Grine, Peter S. Ungar, Jean-Jacques Hublin, "Ecogeographic Variation in Neandertal Dietary Habits: Evidence from Occlusal Molar Microwear Texture Analysis" in *Journal of Human Evolution* vol. 61 (2011) pp. 411-424 Epitome
* Karen Hardy et al., "Neanderthal medics? Evidence for food, cooking, and medicinal plants entrapped in dental calculus" in *Naturwissenschaften* vol. 99 (2012) pp. 617-626
* E. Morin et al., "New evidence of broader diets for archaic Homo populations in the northwestern Mediterranean" in *Science Advances* vol. 5 (6 Martii 2019)
* Marylène Patou-Mathis, "Neanderthal subsistence behaviors in Europe" in *International Journal of Osteoarchaeology* vol. 10 (2000) pp. 379-395 Epitome
* Mary C. Stiner, *Honor Among Thieves: A Zooarchaeological Study of Neandertal Ecology*. Princetoniae: Princeton University Press, 1994
* Christoph Wißing et al., "Stable isotopes reveal patterns of diet and mobility in the last Neandertals and first modern humans in Europe" in *Nature Scientific Reports* (14 Martii 2019)

* Peștera cu Oase
* Spelunca Amud
* Spelunca Kebara
* Homo denisovaensis

## Nexus externi 
Categoria:Species animalium
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Categoria:Taxa King
Categoria:Taxa 1863