Zea mays

***Zea mays*** (binomen a Linnaeo anno 1753 statutum), Latinitate communi **zea** seu **maizium** (Hispanice *maíz,* a lingua Taino *mahiz*), est gramen familiae Poacearum, frumentum ab Indis in Mexico australi temporibus praehistoricis, abhinc annorum 10&thinsp;000 fere, primum excultum. Foliaceae plantae caulis inflorescentias pollenaceas separatasque inflorescentias ovuliferas (spicas) parit, quarum nuclei sunt semina. Maïzium una e poalibus est quae in photosynthesi via metabolica C4 utitur ad evaporationem cavendam.
thumb|upright=0.6|left|Nuclei maizii.

Nuclei, botanice fructus habita, ut holus vel amylum in arte coquinaria adhibentur. Olmeci et Maiae permultas varietates maizii, et molitas et per nixtamalizationem commutatas, coquere solebant. A medio fere millennio tertio a.C.n., maizium per multum Americae excolebatur. Tota regio retia commercii condidit in residuo et varietatibus messium maizi posita. Exeunte saeculo XV ineunteque XVI, cum America ab Europaeis colonizata esset, exploratores mercatoresque maizium ad Europam importabant, quod in alias civitates introducebant. Cultura maizii ad cetera quoque loca mundi extensa est, quod sub diversis caelis crescit. Varietates saccharo plenae, maizium dulce appellatae, pro cibo humano usitate excoluntur, dum varietates maizii agrestis pro victu animalium sunt. E granis *Zeae maydis* varietatis *evertae* maizium inflatum praeparatur. 

Maizium ad usus plures per confectionem  paratur. Mesoamericani varias potiones et pultes e maizio faciunt, inter quas balché, , , .

## Notae 
## Bibliographia 
; Fontes antiquiores
* 1494-1530 : 
* 1518 : Ioannes Nannius Utinensis, picturae botanicae porticus Amoris et Psychae in viridarii Augustini Chigii quaere speciem no. 160
* circa 1530 : 
* 1526/1557 : 
* 1570 : 
* 1586 : Ioannes Lerius, *Historia navigationis in Brasiliam* (Genavae) p. 102: "quod Indorum historiographus *Mais* nominat"
* 1597 : 
* 1601 : Carolus Clusius, *Rariorum plantarum historia* (Antverpiae) appendix pp. ccxv-ccxvi "panicum Americanum"
* 1658 : Iacobus Bontius; Gulielmus Piso, ed., *De Indiae utriusque re naturali et medica libri* (Amstelaedami: apud Elzevirios) textus  ("maizium")
* 1775 : Cristoforo Pilati, "Aggiunta sopra il formentone" in Agostino Gallo, ''Le venti giornate dell' agricoltura e de'piaceri della villa* (nova editio. Brixiae) 

; Eruditio
* Bruce F. Benz, "Archaeological evidence of teosinte domestication from Guilá Naquitz, Oaxaca" in *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences* vol. 102 (2005) pp. 2104–2106
* Sean B. Carroll, "Tracking the Ancestry of Corn Back 9,000 Years" in *New York Times* (24 Maii 2010)
* 
* Michele Fassina, "Il mais nel Veneto nel Cinquecento. Testimonianze iconografichee prime esperienze colturali" in Angela Caracciolo Angelò, ed., *L'impatto della scoperta dell'America nella cultura veneziana* (Romae: Bulzoni, 1990)
* Roberto Finzi, *"Sazia assai ma dà poco fiato": il mais nell'economia e nella vita rurale italiane, secoli XVI-XX''. Booniae: CLUEB, 2009
* Walton C. Galinat, "Maize: gift from America's first peoples" in Nelson Foster, Linda S. Cordell, edd., *Chilies to Chocolate: Food the Americas Gave the World* (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1992) pp. 47-60 
* David Gentilcore, *Food and Health in Early Modern Europe: diet, medicine and society, 1450–1800* (Londinii: Bloomsbury, 2016) pp. 144-148
* David Gentilcore, "The Impact of New World Plants, 1500–1800: The Americas in Italy" in Elizabeth Horodowich, Lia Markey, edd., *The New World in Early Modern Italy, 1492–1750* (Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press, 2017) pp. 190-205 
* 
* Yongxian Lu et al., "A pistil-expressed pectin methylesterase confers cross-incompatibility between strains of Zea mays" in *Nature Communications* vol. 10 no. 2304 (2019)
* Richard S. MacNeish, Mary W. Eubanks, "Comparative analysis of the Rio Balsas and Tehuacan models for the origin of maize" in *Latin American Antiquity* vol. 11 (2000) pp. 3-20
* Dolores R. Piperno, K. V. Flannery, "The earliest archaeological maize (Zea mays L.) from highland Mexico: New accelerator mass spectrometry dates and their implications" in *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences* vol. 98 (2001) pp. 2101–2103
* Dolores R. Piperno, Anthony J. Ranere, Irene Holst, Jose Iriarte, Ruth Dickau, "Starch grain and phytolith evidence for early ninth millennium B.P. maize from the Central Balsas River Valley, Mexico" in *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences* vol. 106 (2009) pp. 5019–5024
* Anthony J. Ranere, Dolores R. Piperno, Irene Holst, Ruth Dickau, José Iriarte, "The cultural and chronological context of early Holocene maize and squash domestication in the Central Balsas River Valley, Mexico" in *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences* vol. 106 (2009) pp. 5014–5018
* John Roney, "The Beginnings of Maize Agriculture" in *Archaeology Southwest* vol. 23 (2009) p. 4 ff.
* Jonathan D. Sauer, *Historical Geography of Crop Plants: A Select Roster* (CRC Press, 1993) pp. 228–236 

; Aliae encyclopaediae
* Ruben G. Mendoza, et Irene Casas, "Maize" in Solomon H. Katz, ed., *Encyclopedia of Food and Culture* (Novi Eboraci: Scribner, 2003) vol. 2 pp. 417–431

## Nexus externi 
[thumb|upright=0.8|[Inflorescentia mas, *tassel* Anglice appellata, in multis floribus parvis consistit.]]
[thumb|upright=0.8|Inflorescentia [femina (sexus)|feminea, cum serica iuveni.]]
[thumb|upright=0.8|[Flos|Flores mares.]]
[thumb|upright=0.8|Exoticae maizii varietates conliguntur ad addendam [diversitas genetica|diversitatem geneticam.]]

Categoria:Fruges Americae mediae
Categoria:Frumenta
Categoria:Species plantarum
Categoria:Taxa Linnaei
Categoria:Taxa 1753
Categoria:Victualia
Categoria:Zea