Historia Antarcticae

[thumb|upright=1.2|[Tabula geographica Ortelii nexum coniecturalem inter continentem opinabilem et Americam Australem anno 1570 monstrat. Vide etiam terras opinabiles circum polum septentrionalem.]]

**Historia Antarcticae** ex veteribus fabulis doctrinisque Occidentalibus de continente vasta oritur, qua.ms eruditi terram australem appellabant, et in extremis orbis terrarum regionibus australibus exsistere putabant. Vocabulum *Antarctica,* ad rem contra circulum arcticum attingens, a Marino Tyrio saeculo secundo excogitatm est.
Transitus Promontorii Bonae Spei et Hornani Capitis saeculis quinto decimo et sexto decimo confirmabant terram australem incognitam (ut appellabatur) si revera exstaret, esse continentem veram. Iacobus Cook et sui anno 1773 circulum Antarcticum primum transierunt, sed, quamquam insulas proximas invenerunt, Antarcticam ipsam non conspexerunt; qui solum 240 km a continente fuisse putantur.

[thumb|upright=1|[Pictura alterius ex expeditionibus Iacobi Weddell naves *Jane* generis *brig* et *Beaufoy* generis *cutter* pingit.]]
[thumb|upright=0.8|[Iacobus Cook, a Gulielmo Hodges pictus, artifice qui Cook per navigationem alteram comitabatur.]]
[thumb|upright=1.2|Tabula [Iacobus Cook|Iacobi Cook Georgiam Australem anno 1777 pinxit, septentrione in ima parte.]]
[thumb|upright=0.8|[Edmundus Hillary et comes in Antarctica anno 1958.]]

Expeditio Russica, Thaddaeus Bellingshausen et Michaele Lazarev ducibus, die 27 Ianuarii 1820 suggestum glacialem in litore principissae Marthae invenit, qui deinde Suggestus Glacialis Fimbul appellari coepit. Bellingshausen et Lazarev erant primi exploratores qui viderunt et rite invenerunt terram continentis Antarcticae. Tres dies post, die 30 Ianuarii 1820, expeditio Britannica, Eduardo Bransfield Hiberno duce, Paeninsulam Trinitatis conspexit, et decem menses post, Nathaniel Palmer pinnipedista Americanus Antarcticam die 17 Novembris 1820 conspexit. Primus litorum appulsus ut videtur uno anno post factus est, cum Ioannes Davis, capitaneus et pinnipedista Americanus, pedem in glacie poneret.

Nonnullae expeditiones polum australem attingere saeculo primo conatae sunt, per conatus heroicum explorationis Antarcticae aevum a rerum gestarum scriptoribus appellatos. Exitus autem multarum erat iniuria et mors. Rodoaldus Amundsen Norvegicus polum ad ultimum attigit die 13 Decembris 1911, post certamen cursus animum moventem cum Roberto Falcon Scott Britannico.

*Rodoaldus Amundsen
*Coitus Antarcticus
*Flumen Circumpolare Antarcticum
*Fretum Drakeanum
*Franciscus Drakus
*Fretum Magellanicum
*Edmundus Halley
*Edmundus Hillary
*Insula Alexandri
*Ferdinandus Magellanus
*Insulae Malvinae
*Mare Rossianum
*Montes Transantarctici
*Oceanus Australis
*Pannus Milward
*Polus inaccessibilitatis (statio)
*Spes Mons
*Statio Polaris Australis Amundsen-Scott
*Subantarctica
**Terra Nova* (navis)
*Vostok
*Vostok Statio
 

## Bibliographia
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*Anthony, Jason C. 2012. *Hoosh: roast penguin, scurvy day, and other stories of Antarctic cuisine.* Lincolniae: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-2666-1.
*Auburn, Francis M. 1982. *Antarctic Law and Politics.* LondiniiL Hurst. ISBN 0-905838-39-4.
*Blümel, Wolf Dieter. 1999. *Physische Geographie der Polargebiete.* Stutgardiae: Teubner. ISBN 3-519-03438-7.
*Clancy, Robert, John Manning, et Henk Brolsma. *Mapping Antarctica: A Five Hundred Year Record of Discovery.* Springer. ISBN 978-94-007-4320-5 (impressio), ISBN 978-94-007-4321-2 (ebook).
*Day, David. 2019. *Antarctica.* Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780190641313 (charta), ISBN 9780190641320 (textile).
*Fütterer, Dieter. 1986. "Geologie der Antarktis: Ein Überblick." *Naturwissenschaften* 73: 586–592. hdl:10013/epic.11451.d001.
*Fütterer, Dieter, Detlef Damaske, Georg Kleinschmidt, Hubert Miller, et Franz Tessensohn. 2006. *Antarctica, Contributions to Global Earth Sciences.* Berolini: Springer. ISBN 3-540-30673-0.
*Gurney, Alan. 1998. *Below the Convergence: Voyages Toward Antarctica, 1699–1839.* Novi Eboraci: Penguin Books.
*Headland, Robert K. 1984. *The Island of South Georgia.* Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-25274-1.
*Ivanov, L. 2015. "General Geography and History of Livingston Island."] *Bulgarian Antarctic Research: A Synthesis,* ed. C. Pimpirev et N. Chipev, 17–28. Sophiae: St. Kliment Ohridski University Press. ISBN 978-954-07-3939-7. Editio interretialis.
*Kerry, K. R., et Gotthilf Hempel, eds. 1990. *Antarctic Ecosystems. Ecological Change and Conservation.* (*Antarktische Ökosysteme: Ökologischer Wandel und Konservierung.*) Springer Verlag/ ISBN 978-3-642-84074-6.
*King, J. C., et J. Turner. 2007. *Antarctic meteorology and climatology.* Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-03984-0.
*Krebs, William N. 1983. "Ecology of Neritic Marine Diatoms, Arthur Harbor, Antarctica." *Micropaleontology* 29 (3): 267–297. ISSN 0026-2803. 
*Kulbe, Thomas. 1997. *Die Spätquartäre Klima- und Umweltgeschichte der Bunger-Oase, Ostantarktis.* Dissertatio, Universität Potsdam. Berichte zur Polarforschung, 254. Alfred-Wegener-Inst. für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven. ISSN 0176-5027.
*Lemke, Peter, et Stephanie von Neuhoff. 2014. *Der gefrorene Ozean: Mit FS POLARSTERN auf Winterexpedition in die Antarktis.* Hamburgi: Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft. ISBN 978-3-7822-1222-9.
*Martin, Stephen. 2013. *A history of Antarctica.* Ed. secunda. Kenthurst Novae Cambriae Australis: Rosenberg Publishing. ISBN 9781921719578, ISBN 1921719575.
*Melles, Martin. 2001. "Der Geschichte der Bunger-Oase auf den Grund gegangen." In *Eiskalte Entdeckungen, Forschungsreisen zwischen Nord- und Südpol,* ed. G. Lange, 188–195. Bielefeld: Delius Klasing Verlag. ISBN 3-7688-1257-X.
*Oerlemans, Johannes, et Cornelis J. van Veen. 1984. *Ice Sheets and Climate.* Dordrecht: Reidel. ISBN 90-277-1709-5.
*Stenson, Marcia. 2007. *Illustrated history of Antarctica.* Aucopoli Novae Zelandiae: Random House New Zealand. ISBN 9781869419240.

## Nexus externi
*Antarctic Heritage Trust
*"Antarctic History." Organizatio Conservationis Polaris.
*"Early Antarctic Adventures." State Library of New South Wales.
*"Surveying Antarctica, 1957."
*"Big Dead Place."
*"Hurley's Antarctica."
*"Working-Class 'Hero' after two decades of polar exploration."