Acraea (genus)

***Acraea*** est genus papilionum subfamiliae Heliconiinarum familiae Nymphalidarum. Videtur magnopere paraphyeticum, quam ob rem diu ut *wastebin taxon* ad congregandas circa 220 species anatomice conservativorum Acraeinorum adhibitum est. Plurimae species hic conlectae in regionibus Africae endemicae sunt, sed nonnullae in India, Asia Meridio-Orientali, et Australia inveniuntur.
 
Plantae quibus erucae vescuntur usitate sunt Urticaceae, vel, in plurimis Heliconiinis, Passifloraceae. Nonnullae species aliis plantis vescuntur, inter quas plantas familiae Fabacearum, Flacourtiacearum, et Violacearum. Species a larvis petitae glycosida cyanogenica continent, quae et larvas et adultos praedatoribus toxiferos efficiunt. Aposematicus adultorum color hoc nuntiat, et papiliones minus noxii nonnullas *Acraearum* species imitantur. Saltem nonnullae *Acraeae* venena in se generare possunt.
 
Diu erat maior speciei agnitio quae iam confusionem efficiebatur: *Acraea terpsicore,* a Linnaeo *Papilio terpsicore* anno 1758 descripta, habebatur synonymum senius *Acraeae serenae,* a  Fabricio *Papilio serena* anno 1775 descriptae; unde prius nomen pro illa specie Africana usitate adhibebatur, sed Linnaeus speciem Indicam reapse descripserat, *Acraeam terpsicore* bene notam, quam Fabricius, anno 1793 scientiae novam putans, iterum descripsit, nomine *Papilionem violae.* Ergo, ea diu *Acraea violae* appellabatur. Praeterea *Papilio serena* agnoscebatur Fabricii *P. serena* esse speciem cui nomen *Acraea eponina* ex *Papilione eponina* instituta in libro *De uitlandsche Kapellen* anno 1780 in editione Petri Cramer semper adhibitum erat.
 
## Species
Quia proposita gregum specierum sequentia phylogenetica haud dubie magna ex parte est mendosa, greges aphabetice infra perscribuntur.
[thumb|*[Acraea andromacha.*]]

'*Grex specierum *Acraea acrita'''*
* *Acraea acrita*
* *Acraea chaeribula*
* *Acraea eltringhamiana*
* *Acraea guluensis*
* *Acraea lualabae*
* *Acraea manca*
* *Acraea pudorina*
* *Acraea utengulensis*

*'Grex specierum *Acraea andromacha*'*
* *Acraea andromacha*

*'Grex specierum *Acraea anemosa*'*
* *Acraea anemosa*
* *Acraea pseudolycia*
* *Acraea turna*

*'Grex specierum *Acraea aureola*'*
* *Acraea aureola*
[thumb|*[Acraea cabira* in manu humana.]]

*'Grex specierum *Acraea bonasia*'*
* *Acraea acerata*
* *Acraea alicia*
* *Acraea bonasia*
* *Acraea burgessi*
* *Acraea cabira*
* *Acraea eponina*
* *Acraea excelsior*
* *Acraea goetzei*
* *Acraea karschi*
* *Acraea lumiri*
* *Acraea mirabilis*
* *Acraea miranda*
* *Acraea rangatana*
* *Acraea sotikensis*
* *Acraea uvui*
* *Acraea ventura*
 
*'Grex specierum *Acraea caecilia*'*
* *Acraea aglaonice*
* *Acraea asboloplintha*
* *Acraea atergatis*
* *Acraea axina*
* *Acraea braesia*
* *Acraea caecilia*
* *Acraea caldarena*
* *Acraea doubledayi*
* *Acraea ella*
* *Acraea equatorialis*
* *Acraea leucopyga*
* *Acraea lygus*
* *Acraea marnois*
* *Acraea natalica*
* *Acraea oncaea*
* *Acraea pseudegina*
* *Acraea pudorella*
* *Acraea rhodesiana*
* *Acraea stenobea*
* *Acraea sykesi*
[thumb|*[Acraea cepheus.*]]

*'Grex specierum *Acraea cepheus*'*
* *Acraea abdera*
* *Acraea asema*
* *Acraea atolmis*
* *Acraea bailundensis*
* *Acraea buettneri*
* *Acraea cepheus*
* *Acraea chambezi*
* *Acraea diogenes*
* *Acraea guillemei*
* *Acraea lofua*
* *Acraea mansya*
* *Acraea nohara*
* *Acraea onerata*
* *Acraea periphanes*
* *Acraea petraea*
* *Acraea punctellata*
* *Acraea rohlfsi*
* *Acraea violarum*
[thumb|*[Acraea grosvenori.*]]

*'Grex specierum *Acraea circeis*'*
* *Acraea buschbecki*
* *Acraea circeis*
* *Acraea conradti*
* *Acraea grosvenori*
* *Acraea kuekenthali*
* *Acraea melanoxantha*
* *Acraea newtoni*
* *Acraea ntebiae*
* *Acraea oreas*
* *Acraea orina*
* *Acraea orinata*
* *Acraea parrhasia*
* *Acraea pelopeia*
* *Acraea peneleos*
* *Acraea penelope*
* *Acraea perenna*
* *Acraea semivitrea*
* *Acraea translucida*
* *Acraea ungemachi*
* *Acraea vumbui*
[thumb|*[Acraea encedon.*]]

*'Grex specierum *Acraea egina*'*
* *Acraea egina*
* *Acraea medea*
 
*'Grex specierum *Acraea encedon*'*
* *Acraea encedana* 
* *Acraea encedon*
* *Acraea necoda*
 
*'Grex specierum *Acraea issoria*'*
* *Acraea issoria*
[thumb|right|*[Acraea amicitiae*]]

*'Grex specierum *Acraea jodutta*'*
* *Acraea actinotina*
* *Acraea acuta*
* *Acraea alciope*
* *Acraea alciopoides*
* *Acraea amicitiae*
* *Acraea ansorgei*
* *Acraea aurivillii*
* *Acraea baxteri*
* *Acraea disjuncta*
* *Acraea esebria*
* *Acraea insularis*
* *Acraea jodutta*
* *Acraea johnstoni*
* *Acraea lycoa*
* *Acraea masaris*
* *Acraea niobe*
* *Acraea safie*
[thumb|*[Acraea igola.*]]

*'Grex specierum *Acraea masamba*'*
* *Acraea aubyni*
* *Acraea cinerea*
* *Acraea fornax*
* *Acraea igola*
* *Acraea masamba*
* *Acraea orestia*
* *Acraea quirinalis*
* *Acraea sambavae*
* *Acraea siliana*
* *Acraea simulata*
* *Acraea strattipocles*

*'Grex specierum *Acraea oberthuri*'*
* *Acraea althoffi*
* *Acraea bergeri*
* *Acraea oberthueri*
* *Acraea pseudepaea*

*'Grex specierum *Acraea pentapolis*'*
* *Acraea pentapolis*
* *Acraea vesperalis*
*'*Acraea pharsalus* species group'*
* *Acraea pharsalus*
* *Acraea vuilloti*
 
*'Grex specierum *Acraea rahira*'*
* *Acraea anacreon*
* *Acraea anacreontica*
* *Acraea bomba*
* *Acraea calida*
* *Acraea guichardi*
* *Acraea lusinga*
* *Acraea mirifica*
* *Acraea rahira*
* *Acraea speciosa*
* *Acraea wigginsi*
* *Acraea zitja*
[thumb|*[Acraea horta* pupa (laeva) et eruca.]]

*'Grex specierum *Acraea satis*'*
* *Acraea rabbaiae*
* *Acraea satis*
* *Acraea zonata*
[thumb|*[Acraea serena* coniunguntur.]]

*'Grex specierum *Acraea serena*'* (olim grex *A. terpsicore*, polyphyletica?)
* *Acraea admatha*
* *Acraea boopis*
* *Acraea burni*
* *Acraea camaena*
* *Acraea cerasa*
* *Acraea cuva*
* *Acraea dammii*
* *Acraea eltringhami*
* *Acraea eugenia*
* *Acraea hamata*
* *Acraea horta*
* *Acraea hova*
* *Acraea humilis*
* *Acraea igati*
* *Acraea insignis*
* *Acraea iturina*
* *Acraea kalinzu*
* *Acraea lia*
* *Acraea kraka*
* *Acraea leucographa*
* *Acraea machequena*
* *Acraea mahela*
* *Acraea matuapa*
* *Acraea neobule*
* *Acraea obeira*
* *Acraea quirina*
* *Acraea ranavalona*
* *Acraea rileyi*
* *Acraea rogersi*
* *Acraea serena*
[thumb|*[Acara acara.*]]

*'Grex specierum *Acraea terpsicore* (olim grex *A. violae*)
* *Acraea terpsicore* (olim *A. violae*)
 
'*Grex specierum *Acraea zetes'''*
* *Acraea acara*
* *Acraea barberi*
* *Acraea chilo*
* *Acraea hypoleuca*
* *Acraea magnifica*
* *Acraea trimeni*
* *Acraea zetes*
 
**Grex specierum non iam digestarum**
* *Acraea acutipennis*
* *Acraea alalonga* (in *"Telchinia"* comprehensus)
* *Acraea alticola*
* *Acraea annonae*
* *Acraea atatis*
* *Acraea bellona*
* *Acraea bergeriana*
* *Acraea brainei*
* *Acraea comor*
* *Acraea dondoensis*
* *Acraea encoda*
* *Acraea endoscota*
* *Acraea hecqui*
* *Acraea induna*
* *Acraea intermediodes*
* *Acraea kaduna*
* *Acraea kappa*
* *Acraea kia*
* *Acraea kinduana*
* *Acraea lapidorum*
* *Acraea loranae*
* *Acraea lyci*
* *Acraea macarista*
* *Acraea mima*
* *Acraea odzalae*
* *Acraea omrora*
* *Acraea oscari*
* *Acraea overlaeti*
* *Acraea parei*
* *Acraea peetersi*
* *Acraea pierrei*
* *Acraea polis*
* *Acraea pseudatolmis*
* *Acraea pullula*
* *Acraea punctimarginea*
* *Acraea silia*
* *Acraea simulator*
* *Acraea toruna*
* *Acraea turlini*
* *Acraea viviana*
* *Acraea zoumi*
 
Nonnulla species olim inter *Acraeas* nunc in aliis generibus, inter quae *Bematistes,'' positae sunt.
 
## Notae

## Bibliographia
*Pitkin, B., et P. Jenkins. 2004. Butterflies and Moths of the World: Generic Names and their Type-species. Version of 2004-NOV-05. Retrieved 2008-AUG-15.
*Savela, Markku. 2007. Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms – *Acraea*. Version of 5 Iunii 2007. Confirmatus 15 Augusti 2008.
*Silva-Brandão, Karina Lucas, Niklas Wahlberg, Ronaldo Bastos Francini, Ana Maria L. Azeredo-Espin, Keith S. Brown Jr., Márlon Paluch, David C. Lees, et André V. L. Freitas. 2008. Phylogenetic relationships of butterflies of the tribe Acraeini (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Heliconiinae) and the evolution of host plant use.  *Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.* **46**(2): 515-531. doi 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.11.024. PDF fulltext
*Woodhall. 2005. *Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa.* Cape Town: Struik Publishers.
 
## Nexus externi
Categoria:Acraeini
Categoria:Genera animalium
Acraea
Categoria:Taxa Fabricius
Categoria:Taxa 1807