Gryllotalpidae

**Gryllotalpidae** sunt familia insectorum ordinis Orthopterorum (ad quam ordinem pertinent caelifera, acrididae, gryllidae). Gryllotalpidis sunt corpus cylindriforme a tres ad quinque centimetra longum in adultis, oculis parvis, cruribusque rutriformibus, ad defodendum penitus evolutis. Adsunt gryllotalpidae in multis mundi regionibus, atque in locis ubi nuper advenierunt, pestes agriculturae fieri possunt.

Tres vitae stationes subeunt: ova, nymphae, adulti. Paene semper in solo subterraneo degunt, sed adulti, alis praediti, tempore feturae circumvolant. Diaeta variat: nonnullae species solum holera petunt, plerumque radicibus vescentes; aliae sunt omnivora, vermes et vermiculos coleopterorum comedentes, cum paucae plerumque sint praedatores. Gryllotalpidis maribus est insolite magnus cantus; ex cuniculis canunt in humo effossis, qui in aerem aperiuntur formam cornus acustici habens. Cantus est tonus paene purus, in stridores modulatus. Adhibetur ad feminas attrahendas, aut coitus causa, aut ad locos ovorum ponendorum commodos indicandos.

Nonnullae species ab hominibus eduntur.

## Taxinomia et phylogenia
Gryllotalpidae sunt grex monophyleticus ordinis Orthopterorum. Enodatio cladistica earum morphologiae anno 2015 sex tribus agnoscit, quarum quattuor tum novae erant: indioscaptorini (scapteriscinae), triamescaptorini, gryllotalpellini, et neocurtillini (gryllotalpinae), et duae tribus, scapteriscini et gryllotalpini, retractatae sunt. Nomen gregis recte ex *gryllo* et *talpa* derivatur.

Intra subfamilias exstantis, genera sunt:

### Gryllotalpinae
* tribus **Gryllotalpellini** Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 (America Australis)
** *Gryllotalpella*
* tribus **Gryllotalpini** Leach, 1815 (mundus)
** *Gryllotalpa*
* tribus **Neocurtillini** Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 (America)
** *Leptocurtilla*
** *Neocurtilla*
* tribus **Triamescaptorini** Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 (Nova Zelandia)
** *Triamescaptor*
* tribus incertae sedis
** †genus *Pterotriamescaptor*
** †genus *Burmagryllotalpa*

### Scapteriscinae
* tribus **Indioscaptorini** Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 (subcontinens Indica)
** *Indioscaptor*
* tribus **Scapteriscini** Zeuner, 1939 (America)
** *Scapteriscus*
** *Neoscapteriscus*

### Genera exstincta
* †*Archaeogryllotalpoides*
* †*Cratotetraspinus*
* †*Marchandia*
* †*Palaeoscapteriscops*
* †*Tresdigitus rectanguli* Xu, Fang & Wang, 2020

Fossilia gryllotalpidarum rara sunt.

[thumb|[Tridactylidea sunt membra subordinis Caeliferorum.]]
[thumb|*[Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa.*]]
[thumb|*[Neoscapteriscus vicinus.*]]

## Notae
## Bibliographia
*Adalla, Candida B., et Cleofas R. Cervancia.2010. "Philippine edible insects: a new opportunity to bridge the protein gap of resource-poor families and to manage pests." In *Forest insects as food: humans bite back: Proceedings of a workshop on Asia-Pacific resources and their potential for development, 19-21 February 2008, Chiang Mai, Thailand,* ed. Patrick B. Durst, Dennis V. Johnson, Robin N. Leslie, et Kenichi Shono, 154–155. Bancoci: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. ISBN 978-92-5-106488-7.
*Hill, Peggy S.M., Harrington Wells, et John R. Shadley. 2006. "Singing from a constructed burrow: why vary the shape of the burrow mouth?" *Journal of Orthoptera Research* 15(1): 23–29.
*Vittum, Patricia J. 2020. *Turfgrass insects of the United States and Canada.* Ed. tertia. Ithacae Novi Eboraci: Comstock Publishing Associates, impressio Cornell University Press. ISBN 9781501747977 (pdf), ISBN 9781501747960.

## Nexus externi
*"Mole Cricket." Australian Museum.
*Houston, Terry. 2011. "Information sheet: Mole Crickets." Western Australian Museum. PDF. 
*Prendergast, Amy. 2012 "Solving the Mystery of the Hidden Callers of the Night."] Australian Wildlife Secrets. Blog.
*"Mole Cricket Knowledge Base." Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Universitatis Floridensis.
*Paginae in "Featured Creatures," situ Instituti Scientiarum Cibi et Agriculturae Universitatis Floridensis
**"Mole crickets, *Scapteriscus* spp."
**"Mole cricket nematode."
**"*Larra* spp., mole cricket hunters."
*"Bug-a-Boo’s or Grubs Up."

Categoria:Gryllotalpidae
Categoria:Taxa Saussure
Categoria:Taxa 1870