Angiospermae

**Angiospermae,** olim **Magnoliophyta,** sunt plantae florentes in diversissimo embryophytorum (plantarum terrestrium) grege. Quae cum gymnospermis sunt soli spermatophytorum greges vivi. Apomorphiis (proprietatibus deductis) distinguuntur ab aliis plantis quae semina faciunt. Maiores plantarum florentium a gymnospermis abhinc annorum circa 245–202 decies centena milia decesserunt.

## Classificatio 
Sunt octo angiospermarum viventium greges:
* *Amborella*: singularis frutex in Nova Caledonia
* Nymphaeales: circa 80 species (Nymphaeaceae et Hydatellaceae)
* Austrobaileyales: circa 100 species Numerus familiarum in APG (1998) fuit 462. In APG II (2003), maximus est 457, sed hic numerus 55 segregata opinabilia continet; minimus ergo numerus hoc in systemate est 402.

Diversissimae angiospermarum familiae, in circumscriptionibus APG, ordine numeri specierum, sunt:

# Asteraceae: 23,600
# Orchidaceae: 21,950
# Poaceae: 10,035
# Lamiaceae: 7,173
# Euphorbiaceae: 5,735
# Myrtaceae: 4,620
# Melastomataceae: 4,570
# Cyperaceae: 4,350

Hoc in indice (maximas decem familias monstrante), Orchidaceae, Poaceae, et Cyperaceae sunt monocotyledones; aliae sunt eudicotyledones.

## Notae 
200px|thumb|Conformationes coloresque florum

## Bibliographia
* Bell, Charles D., Douglas E. Soltis, Pamela S. Soltis. 2010. "The age and diversification of the angiosperms re-revisited." *American Journal of Botany* vol. 97 (2010) pp. 1296-1303. JSTOR recensio anterior
* Cronquist, Arthur. 1981 *An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants*. Novi Eboraci: Columbia University Press.
* Dilcher, D. 2000. "Toward a new synthesis: Major evolutionary trends in the angiosperm fossil record." *PNAS [Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]* 97:7030–7036 
* J. Doyle, "Molecular and fossil evidence on the origin of Angiosperms" in *Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Sciences* vol. 40 (2012) pp. 301–326
* Heywood, V. H., R. K. Brummitt, A. Culham, A., et O. Seberg. 2007. *Flowering Plant Families of the World.* Richmond Hill, Ontario: Firefly Books. ISBN 1-55407-206-9.
* Hong Qian, Yi Jin. 2016. "An updated megaphylogeny of plants, a tool for generating plant phylogenies and an analysis of phylogenetic community structure." *Journal of Plant Ecology* vol. 9 (2016) pp. 233–239 eadem res alibi
* Janssens, Steven B. 2020. "A large-scale species level dated angiosperm phylogeny for evolutionary and ecological analyses". *Biodiversity Data Journal* vol. 8 e39677
* Raven, P. H., et D. I. Axelrod. 1974. "Angiosperm biogeography and past continental movements." *Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden* 61: 539–673. JSTOR
* Raven, P. H., R. F. Evert, et S. E. Eichhorn. 2004. *Biology of Plants.* Editio 7a. W. H. Freeman.
* Scutt, Charles P. 2018. "The Origin of Angiosperms." In: L. Nuño de la Rosa, G.B. Müller (edd.), *Evolutionary Developmental Biology*. Springer.
* Simpson, M. G. 2006. *Plant Systematics.* Elsevier Academic Press.
* Soltis, Douglas E., et al. 2010. "Assembling the Angiosperm Tree of Life: Progress and Future Prospects." *Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden* vol. 97 pp. 514-526.
* Thorne, Robert F. 1992-2000. "The classification and geography of the flowering plants." *Botanical Review* vol. 58 pp. 225-348 JSTOR, vol. 66 pp. 441–647 JSTOR.
* Thorne, Robert F. 2002. "How many species of seed plants are there?" *Taxon* vol. 51 (2002) pp. 511-512.
* Watson, L., et M. J. Dallwitz. 1992+. The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.
* Wikström, Niklas, Vincent Savolainen, Mark W. Chase. 2001. "Evolution of the Angiosperms: Calibrating the Family Tree" in *Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences* vol. 268 (2001) pp. 2211-2220 JSTOR
* Zanne, Amy E. et al. 2014. "Three keys to the radiation of angiosperms into freezing environments". *Nature* vol. 506 (2013) pp. 89–92 eadem res alibi res corrigenda

## Nexus externi
*Angiospermae, UC Berkeley video lecture
*Cole, Theodor C. H., et Harmut H. Hilger. Angiosperm Phylogeny Poster – Flowering Plant Systematics, www.biologie.fu-berlin.de
*Cromie, William J. 1999. "Oldest Known Flowering Plants Identified By Genes." *Harvard Gazette,* 16 Decembris.
*Watson, L. and Dallwitz, M.J. (1992+). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.

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Categoria:Pollinatio
Categoria:Sexualitas plantarum
Categoria:Taxa Lindley
Categoria:Taxinomia plantarum
Categoria:Taxa intercalaria