Motus internationalis Crucis Rubrae et Lunae Rubrae

thumb|175px|Ioannes Henricus Dunant

**Motus Internationalis Crucis Rubrae et Lunae Rubrae** est humanitarius inter civitates motus circa 97 miliones sociorum per orbem terrarum habens, conditus ad vitam salutemque humanam protegendam, hominibus observantiam praestandam, miseriamque humanam prohibendam et adlevandam, sine ulla nationis, generis (vel phyles), religionis, classis, sexus, opinionumve politicarum distinctione.

Terminus *Crux Rubra internationalis* saepe auditus, profecto falsus est, nam nulla societas publica hoc nomen ferens exstitit. Motus re vera multis in societatibus distinctis consistit, quae legitime sunt liberae inter se, sed intra motum coniunguntur per principia prima, locos qui petuntur, signa, leges, et organa rectionis. Motus partes:

* Consilium internationale Crucis Rubrae est humanitarium institutum privatum Genavae in Helvetiae urbe anno 1863 ab Ioanne Henrico Dunant conditum. Iure gentium humanitario, vel Conventu Genevanses haec consilia viginti quinque sociorum unicam potestatem ad vitam honestatemque vexatorum a certaminibus inter intraque civitates protectandam tenet.
* Foedus internationale societatum Crucis Rubrae et Lunae Rubrae, conditum anno 1919, hodie opera 186 nationalium Crucis Rubrae et Lunae Rubrae societatum intra hoc motum temperat. 
* Societates nationales Crucis Rubrae et Lunae Rubrae exstiterunt paene omnibus in mundi civitatibus etiam in casu calamitatis naturalis.  Hoc tempore 186 societates nationales exstant, quae apud se laborant, secundum leges internationales humanitarias.

## Historia Motus
thumb|Sedes ICRC Genavae
#### Praesides Foederis
thumb|upright|Henricus Davison, conditor Foederis Societatum Crucis Rubrae.
Praesides (usque ad 1997, *chairmen* appellati) fuerunt:
* 1919–1922, Henricus Davison (Civitates Foederatae Americae)
* 1922–1935, Ioannes Barton Payne (Civitates Foederatae Americae)
* 1935–1938, Cary Travers Grayson (Civitates Foederatae Americae)
* 1938–1944, Norman Davis (Civitates Foederatae Americae)
* 1944–1945, Ioannes de Muralt (Helvetia)
* 1945–1950, Basil O'Connor (Civitates Foederatae Americae)
* 1950–1959, Aemilius Sandström (Suecia)
* 1959–1965, Ioannes MacAulay (Canada)
* 1965–1977, Iosephus Barroso Chávez (Mexicum)
* 1977–1981, Adetunji Adefarasin (Nigeria)
* 1981–1987, Henricus de la Mata (Hispania)
* 1987–1997, Marius Henricus Villarroel Lander (Venetiola)
* 1997–2000, Astrid Nøklebye Heiberg (Norvegia)
* 2001– ----, Ioannes Manuel Suárez Del Toro Rivero (Hispania)
[thumb|Aditus ad Museum Internationalis Crucis Rubrae Falcisque Rubrae [Genavae.]]
thumb|100px|Signum Crucis Rubrae.
thumb|100px|Signum Lunae Rubrae.
thumb|100px|Signum tabularum tertiarum, dictum Crystallus Ruber.
[thumb|100px|Signum Leonis Rubri cum Sole, intra [Iraniam adhibitum.]]
[thumb|100px|Signum Stellae David intra [Israel adhibitum.]]

* Dies internationalis Crucis Rubrae et Lunae Rubrae
* Index Societatum Crucis Rubrae Falcisque Rubrae
* International Crucis Rubrae Comitia
* Internationalis Societatum Crucis Rubrae Falcisque Rubrae Foedus
* Signa Internationalis Crucis Rubrae Falcisque Rubrae Motus
* Conventus Genavenses
* Humanitarium belli ius

## Bibliographia
* Bennett, Angela. 2005. *The Geneva Convention: The Hidden Origins of the Red Cross.* Gloucestershire: Sutton Publishing. ISBN 0750941472.
* Boissier, Pierre. 1985. *From Solferino to Tsushima.* History of the International Committee of the Red Cross, 1. Geneva: Henry Dunant Institute. ISBN 2880440122.
* Bugnion, François. 1977. *The Emblem of the Red Cross: A Brief History.* Geneva: ICRC (ref. 0316).
* Bugnion, François. 2003. *The International Committee of the Red Cross and the Protection of War Victims.* Geneva: ICRC & Macmillan (ref. 0503). ISBN 0333747712.
* Bugnion, François. 2006. *Towards a comprehensive Solution to the Question of the Emblem.* Editio quarta. Geneva: ICRC (ref. 0778).
* Crossland, James. 2014.  *Britain and the International Committee of the Red Cross, 1939-1945.* Novi Eboraci:  Palgrave Macmillan.  ISBN 9781137399557.
* Dempfer, Robert.  2009.  *Das Rote Kreuz:  von Helden in Rampenlichg und diskreten Helfern.* Vindobonae:  Deuticke.  ISBN 9783552060920.
* Dunant, Henry. 1986. *A Memory of Solferino.* Geneva: ICRC. ISBN 2881450067.
* Dunant, Henry. 1997. *Eine Erinnerung an Solferino.* Vindobonae: Eigenverlag des Österreichischen Roten Kreuzes. ISBN 3950080104.
* Durand, André. 1984. *From Sarajevo to Hiroshima.* History of the International Committee of the Red Cross, 2. Geneva: Henry Dunant Institute. ISBN 2880440092.
* Enzensberger, Hans M. 2001. *Krieger ohne Waffen: Das Internationale Komitee vom Roten Kreuz.* Frankfurt: Eichborn Verlag. ISBN 3821845007.
* Forsythe, David P. 1978. *Humanitarian Politics: The International Committee of the Red Cross.* Baltimorae: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0801819830.
* Forsythe, David P. 2005. *The Humanitarians: The International Committee of the Red Cross.* Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521612810.
* Haug, Hans. 1993. *Humanity for all: the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.* Bern, Geneva: Henry Dunant Institute, in association with Paul Haupt Publishers. ISBN 3258047197.
* Haug, Hans, Hans-Peter Gasser, Francoise Perret, et Jean-Pierre Robert-Tissot. 1995. *Menschlichkeit für alle: Die Weltbewegung des Roten Kreuzes und des Roten Halbmonds.* Editio tertia. Bernae: Haupt Verlag AG. ISBN 3258050384.
* Hutchinson, John F. 1997. *Champions of Charity: War and the Rise of the Red Cross.* Boulder Colorati: Westview Press. ISBN 0813333679.
* International Committee of the Red Cross. 1994. *Handbook of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.* Editio tredecima. Geneva: ICRC. ISBN 2881450741.
* Jones, Marian Moser. 2013. *The American Red Cross from Clara Barton to the New Deal.* Baltimorae:  Johns Hopkins University Press.  ISBN 97814214007388.
* Mayou, Roger, et Cornelia Kerkhoff, eds. 2000. *Internationales Rotkreuz- und Rothalbmondmuseum.* Genavae: Eigenverlag des Museums. ISBN 288336009X.
* Moorehead, Caroline. 1998. ''Dunant's Dream: War, Switzerland and the History of the Red Cross.* Londinii: HarperCollins. ISBN 0002551411.
* Rey-Schyrr, Catherine. 2007. *Histoire du Comité International de la Croix-Rouge 1945–1955: De Yalta à Dien Bien Phu.* Genavae: Georg Editeur S.A., IKRK. ISBN 9782825709337.
* Riesenberger, Dieter. 2001. *Für Humanität in Krieg und Frieden: Das Internationale Rote Kreuz 1863–1977.* Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISBN 3525013485.
* Willemin, Georges, et Roger Heacock. 1984. *The International Committee of the Red Cross.* International Organization and the Evolution of World Society, 2. Bostoniae: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. ISBN 9024730643.

## Commentarii
* Forsythe, David P. 2003. "The International Committee of the Red Cross and International Humanitarian Law." In *Humanitäres Völkerrecht—Informationsschriften: The Journal of International Law of Peace and Armed Conflict* 2:64–77. German Red Cross and Institute for International Law of Peace and Armed Conflict. ISSN 0937-5414.
* Lavoyer, Jean-Philippe, et Louis Maresca. 1999. "The Role of the ICRC in the Development of International Humanitarian Law." In *International Negotiation* 4(3):503–527. Brill Academic Publishers. ISSN 1382-340X.
* Wylie, Neville Wylie. 2002. "The Sound of Silence: The History of the International Committee of the Red Cross as Past and Present." In *Diplomacy and Statecraft'' 13(4):186–204. Routledge / Taylor & Francis. ISSN 0959-2296.

## Notae

## Nexus externi
* Internationalis Crucis Rubrae Falcisque Rubrae Motus
* Stans Crucis Rubrae Falcisque Rubrae Commissio
* Internationalis Crucis Rubrae Comitia
* Internationalis Societatum Crucis Rubrae Falcisque Rubrae Foederatio

Categoria:Crux Rubra
Categoria:Praemia Nobeliana
Categoria:Societates internationales
Categoria:Societates pacis fautores