Bella libertatis Hispano-Americana

**Bella libertatis Hispanico-Americana** fuerunt multa bella contra imperium Hispanicum ad libertatem constituendam saeculo undevicensimo ineunte gesta, paululum post bellum paeninsulare anno 1807 per bella Napoleonica in Europa. Historici aliique eruditi notionem identitatis Hispano-Americanae ab identitate Iberiana separata penitus investigaverunt, sed plurimi Hispano-Americani libertatem politicam in animo primum non habebant, nec inevitabilis erat. Regno Hispanico anno 1814 restituto, Ferdinandus VII rex omnia genera principatus popularis (*junta* et *cortes*) reiecit. Triennium liberale anni 1820 praeterea statum constitutionis Gaditanae contra separatismum non mutavit, cum Latinoamericani libertatem politicam magis magisque peterent.

## Notae
## Bibliographia
thumb|upright=0.8|**Evolutio libertatis Hispano-Americanae**
[thumb|upright=0.8|[Proelium Sancti Laurentii anno 1813.]]
[thumb|upright=0.8|Exodus ex [Caracae|Caracis anno 1814.]]
[thumb|upright=0.8|[Proelium Rancaguanum anno 1814.]]
;America Hispanica et Hispania
*Adelman, Jeremy. 2006. *Sovereignty and Revolution in the Iberian Atlantic.* Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691142777.
*Andrews, George Reid. 1985. "Spanish American independence: A structural analysis." *Latin American Perspectives* 105–32.
*Andrien, Kenneth J., et Lyman L. Johnson. 1994. *The Political Economy of Spanish America in the Age of Revolution, 1750–1850.* Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. ISBN 978-0-8263-1489-5.
*Anna, Timothy. 1983. *Spain and the Loss of Empire.* Lincolniae: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-1014-1.
*Archer, Christon I., ed. 2000. *The Wars of Independence in Spanish America.* Wilmingtoniae: SR Books. ISBN 0-8420-2469-7.
*Benson, Nettie Lee. 1966. *Mexico and the Spanish Cortes, 1810-1822.* Austinopoli: University of Texas Press. ISBN 1477304037.
*Brading, D. A. 1991. *The First America: The Spanish Monarchy, Creole Patriots and the Liberal State, 1492–1867.* Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-44796-8.
*Bushnell, David. 1996. "Wars of Independence: South America." *The Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture*  5: 446. Novi Eboraci: Charles Scribner's Sons.
*Chasteen, John Charles. 2008. ''Americanos: Latin America's Struggle for Independence.* Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-517881-4.
*Costeloe, Michael P. 1986. *Response to Revolution: Imperial Spain and the Spanish American Revolutions, 1810–1840.* Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-32083-2.
*Domínguez, Jorge I. 1980. *Insurrection or Loyalty: The Breakdown of the Spanish American Empire.* Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-45635-8.
*Graham, Richard. 1994. *Independence in Latin America: A Comparative Approach.* Ed. secunda. Novi Eboraci: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-024008-6.
*Hamnett, Brian. 2017. *The End of Iberian Rule on the American Continent, 1770-1830.* Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1316626634.
*Harvey, Robert. 2000. "Liberators: Latin America`s Struggle For Independence, 1810–1830." Londinii: John Murray. ISBN 0-7195-5566-3.
*Higgins, James, ed. 2014. *The Emancipation of Peru: British Eyewitness Accounts.* Editio interretialis.
*Humphreys, R. A., et John Lynch, eds. 1965. *The Origins of the Latin American Revolutions, 1808–1826.* Novi Eboraci: Alfred A. Knopf.
*Kinsbruner, Jay. 1976. *The Spanish-American Independence Movement.* Krieger Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-88275-428-4.
*Kinsbruner, Jay. 2000. *Independence in Spanish America: Civil Wars, Revolutions, and Underdevelopment.* Ed. secunda. University of New Mexico Press. ISBN 0-8263-2177-1.
*Ladd, Doris M. 1976. *The Mexican Nobility at Independence, 1780-1826.* Austinopoli: University of Texas Press.
*Lynch, John. 1986. *The Spanish American Revolutions, 1808–1826.* Ed. secunda. Novi Eboraci: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-95537-0.
*Lynch, John. 1992. *Caudillos in Spanish America, 1800–1850.* Oxoniae: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-821135-X.
*Lynch, John, ed. 1995. *Latin American Revolutions, 1808–1826: Old and New World Origins.*
*McFarlane, Anthony. 2014. *War and Independence in Spanish America.* Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. ISBN 978-1-85728-782-0, ISBN 9781857287837.
*Méndez, Cecilia. 1996. "Incas si, Indios no: Notes on Peruvian Creole Nationalism and Its Contemporary Crisis." *Journal of Latin American Studies* 28, no. 1 (Feb.): 197–225.
*Ossa Santa Cruz, Juan Luis. 2014. *Armies, Politics, and Revolution: Chile 1808-1826.* Liverpolii.
*Rodríguez O., Jaime E. 1998. *The Independence of Spanish America.* Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-62673-0.
*Villoro, Luis. 2002. *El proceso ideológico de la revolución de independencia.* Mexicopoli: Conaculta.

;Interactio aliena
*Bartley, Russell H. 1978. *Imperial Russia and the Struggle for Latin American Independence, 1808-1828.* Austinopoli: University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0292738126.
*Brown, Matthew. 2006. *Adventuring through Spanish Colonies: Simón Bolívar, Foreign Mercenaries and the Birth of New Nations.* Liverpoolii: University Press. ISBN 1-84631-044-X.
*Hasbrouck, Alfred. 1969. *Foreign Legionaries in the Liberation of Spanish South America.* Novi Eboraci: Octagon Books.
*Hughes, Ben. 2010. *Conquer or Die!: Wellington’s Veterans and the Liberation of the New World.* Osprey. ISBN 978-1849081832.
*Kaufman, William W. 1951. *British Policy and the Independence of Latin America, 1804–1828.* Portu Novo: Yale University Press.
*Robertson, William Spence. 1939. *France and Latin American Independence.*
*Rodríguez, Moises Enrique. 2006. *Freedom's Mercenaries: British Volunteers in the Wars of Independence of Latin America.* 2 vol. Lanhamiae: Hamilton Books, University Press of America. ISBN 978-0-7618-3438-0.
*Whitaker, Arthur P. 1941. *The United States and the Independence of Latin America, 1800–1830.* Baltimorae: Johns Hopkins University Press.

;Historiographia
*Adelman, Jeremy. 2011. "Independence in Latin America." In *The Oxford Handbook of Latin American History,* ed. José C. Moya, 153–180. Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press. 
*Hensel, Silke. 2003. "Was There an Age of Revolution in Latin America? New Literature on Latin American Independence." *Latin American Research Review* 38 (3): 237–49.
*Uribe, Victor M. 1997. "The Enigma of Latin American Independence: Analyses of the Last Ten Years." *Latin American Research Review'' 32 (1): 236–55.

*Simon Bolivar

Categoria:America Latina
Categoria:Bella Napoleonica
Categoria:Colonizatio Hispanica Americarum
Categoria:Historia Americae
Categoria:Historia Americae Australis
Categoria:Historia Americae Septentrionalis
Categoria:Historia Hispaniae
Categoria:Res novae