Res publica democratica Congensis

**Res publica democratica Congensis** (Francogallice *République Démocratique du Congo*), olim **Zairum**, est civitas sui iuris in Africa sita, circiter 66 500 000 incolarum (anno 2008) habens. Caput est urbs Kinshasa. Claritatis causa, civitas **Congo Kinshasa** et **Congo olim Belgica** etiam appellatur, eo quod binae sunt civitates Africanae nomine *Congo* notae, quae eorum nomina a flumine Congo deducunt. Praeses nunc est Felix Tshisekedi.

## Etymologia 
Nomen Reipublicae Democraticae Congensis ad flumen Congo (alterum nomen: flumen Zairum), totam civitatem transfluens, respicit. Fluminis ipsius nomen de lingua Bantuensi Kongo (sive Kikongo). Nomina civitatis pristina quoque nexus cum flumine ostendabant: Status liber Congensis (1885—1908), Congo Belgicae (1908—1960), Res publica Congensis (1960—1964, etiam "Congo et Leopoldopolis"), Res publica democratica Congensis (1964—1971), et Res publica Zairum (1971—1997). Verbum Zairum ipsum de verbo Congensi *nzadi* derivatum est. *Nzadi* signifcat "flumen", Zairi commutatio Lusitana est.

## Geographia 
Res publica democratica Congensis e viginti sex provinciis constituta est. Praecipuae urbes sunt Kinshasa (8 096 254 incolarum), Mbuji-Mayi (806 475), Lubumbashi (851 381), Kisangani (417 517), et Bukavu (201 569).

### Provinciae 
Dividitur Res publica democratica Congensis in *provincias*, cum una provincia urbana Kinshasae et viginti quinque aliarum. Provinciae ipsae iterum in centum quadraginta quinque *territoriorum* et triginta duae urbium dividuntur:

### Montes 
* Montes Lunae in confinio Ugandensi
* Mons Nyragongus (ignifer), 3470 metra

### Flora et fauna 
[thumb|[Pan paniscus rara species, in sanctuario Lola ya Bonobo]]
Civitatis silvis pluvialibus diversitas biologica magna est, includens species rarae et endemicae multae, ut *panos troglodytae* (in Indice Rubro IUCN indicatum), *panos panisci*, *loxodontae cyclotis* (elephanti silvestris Africani), gorillae montani, okapiae (sive *giraffae montanae*), et rhinoceri albi.

Quinque saeptorum nationalium civitatis patrimonio totius mundi attribuuntur: saeptum nationale Garamabe, saeptum nationale et Kahuzi et Biegae, saeptum nationale Salongae, saeptum nationale Virungae, reservatum faunae Okapiarum.

## Politica 
Civitas est res publica democratica praesidentialis. Anno 2003 constitutione transitionali legislatura duorum conciliorum (→bicameralismus) instituta est: Senatus et congressus.

## Demographia 
### Sermones 
thumb|Linguae maiores civitatis
Lingua Francogallica est sermo publicus; homines autem aliis 210 sermonibus quotidie utuntur. *Linguae nationales* sunt: Kituba, Lingala, Luba et Kasai, lingua Suahelica.

### Greges ethnici 
Incolae Reipublicae Democraticae Congensis de gregibus ducentibus constitutae sunt, inter eas grex Bantuensium maximus est. Anno 2018 numerus omnium incolarum octoginta quattuor millionum aestimatus est.

## Historia 
A saeculo XIV terrae Congenses occidentales pars regni Congi fuerunt. Saeculo XV exeunte Lusitani hic advenerunt, et saeculo XIX Francogalli. Respublica Democratica Congensis fuit colonia personalis Leopoldi II regis Belgarum (Status Liber Congum tunc nominabatur), et usque ad annum 1960 colonia Belgica mansit. Ab anno 1965 usque ad annum 1997, Iosephus Mobutu munus praesidis (vere a nonnullis dictator habitus) sustinuit.

## Pinacotheca 

Fasciculus:Leopold ii garter knight.jpg|Leopoldus II, Rex Belgiarum.
Fasciculus:La_défense_de_drapeau,_Force_publique_-_Société_de_Géographie_(1928).jpeg|Visus circa annum 1928.
Fasciculus:Soldiers_in_the_Belgium_Congo_-_NARA_-_197079.jpg|Milites circa annum 1943.

[thumb|[Tabula geographica: Respublica Democratica Congensis]]
thumb|Charta geographica cum novis provinciis Respublicae Democratica Congensis.

* Dingonek
* Ebola (flumen)
* Lacus Mweru
* Ota Benga
* Respublica Congensis
* Universitas Congolensis

## Notae 
## Bibliographia 
* Butcher, Tim. 2007. ''Blood River: A Journey To Africa's Broken Heart.* ISBN 0-7011-7981-3.
* Callaghy, T. 1984. *The State-Society Struggle: Zaire in Comparative Perspective.* Novi Eboraci: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-05720-2.
* Clark, John F. 2004. *The African Stakes of the Congo War.*
* Devlin, 2007. *Chief of Station, Congo: A Memoir of 1960–67.* Novi Eboraci:Public Affairs. ISBN 978-1-58648-405-7.
* Drummond, Bill, et Mark Manning. 2005. *The Wild Highway.*
* Edgerton, Robert. 2002. *The Troubled Heart of Africa: A History of the Congo.'' St. Martin's Press.
* Exenberger, Andreas, et Simon Hartmann. 2007. *The Dark Side of Globalization. The Vicious Cycle of Exploitation from World Market Integration: Lesson from the Congo.* Working Papers in Economics and Statistics 31. University Innsbruck.
* Exenberger, Andreas, et Simon Hartmann. 2010. "Doomed to Disaster? Long-term Trajectories of Exploitation in the Congo." Paper presented at the Workshop "Colonial Extraction in the Netherlands Indies and Belgian Congo: Institutions, Institutional Change and Long Term Consequences." Traiecti, 3–4 Decembris 2010.
* Gondola, Charles Didier. 2002. "The History of Congo." Westport Connecticutae: Greenwood Press.
* Hochschild, Adam. 1998. ''King Leopold's Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror and Heroism in Colonial Africa.*
* Joris, Lieve. 2008. *The Rebels' Hour.* Liz Waters convertit. Atlantic.
* Justenhoven, Heinz-Gerhard, et Hans Georg Ehrhart. 2008. *Intervention im Kongo: eine kritische Analyse der Befriedungspolitik von UN und EU.* Stutgardiae: Kohlhammer. ISBN 978-3-17-020781-3.
* Kingsolver, Barbara. 1998. *The Poisonwood Bible.* Novi Eboraci: HarperCollins.
* Larémont, Ricardo René, ed. 2005. *Borders, nationalism and the African state.* Boulder, Colorado, et Londini: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
* Lemarchand, Reni, et Lee Hamilton. 1994. *Burundi: Ethnic Conflict and Genocide.* Woodrow Wilson Center Press.
* Melvern, Linda. 2004. *Conspiracy to Murder: The Rwandan Genocide and the International Community.* Verso.
* Mealer, Bryan. 2008. *All Things Must Fight To Live.* ISBN 1-59691-345-2.
* Miller, Eric. 2010. "The Inability of Peacekeeping to Address the Security Dilemma." ISBN 978-3-8383-4027-2.
* Mwakikagile, Godfrey. 2006. *Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era.* Ed. tertia. New Africa Press. ISBN 978-0-9802534-1-2.
* Mwakikagile, Godfrey. 2006. *Africa and America in The Sixties: A Decade That Changed The Nation and The Destiny of A Continent.* New Africa Press. ISBN 978-0-9802534-2-9.
* Mwakikagile, Godfrey. 2006. *Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era,* ed. tertia. New Africa Press. ISBN 978-0-9802534-1-2.
* Mwakikagile, Godfrey. 2009. *Congo in The Sixties.* ISBN 978-1448665709.
* Mwakikagile, Godfrey. 2015. *Africa: Dawn of a New Era.* ISBN 978-9987160488.
* Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges. 2002. *The Congo from Leopold to Kabila: A People's History.''
* O'Hanlon, Redmond. 1996. *Congo Journey.*
* O'Hanlon, Redmond. 1998. *No Mercy: A Journey into the Heart of the Congo.*
* Prunier, Gérard. 2011. ''Africa's World War: Congo, the Rwandan Genocide, and the Making of a Continental Catastrophe.*
* Renton, David, David Seddon, et Leo Zeilig. 2007. *The Congo: Plunder and Resistance.* ISBN 978-1-84277-485-4.
* Reyntjens, Filip. 2009. *The Great African War: Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 1996–2006.*
* Rorison, Sean. 2008. *Bradt Travel Guide: Congo—Democratic Republic/Republic.* 
* Schulz, Manfred. 2008. *Entwicklungsträger in der DR Kongo: Entwicklungen in Politik, Wirtschaft, Religion, Zivilgesellschaft und Kultur.* Berolini: Lit. ISBN 978-3-8258-0425-1.
* Stearns, Jason. 2011. *Dancing in the Glory of Monsters: The Collapse of the Congo and the Great War of Africa.* Public Affairs.
* Tayler, Jeffrey. 2001. *Facing the Congo.*
* Turner, Thomas. 2007. *The Congo Wars: Conflict, Myth and Reality.*
* Van Reybrouck, David. 2014. *Congo: The Epic History of a People,*
* Wrong, Michela. *In the Footsteps of Mr. Kurtz: Living on the Brink of Disaster in Mobutu's Congo.*
* Young, M. Crawford, et Thomas Edwin Turner. 2013. *The Rise and Decline of the Zairian State.'' University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 978-0-299-10113-8.

## Nexus externi 
Categoria:Civitates sui iuris
Categoria:Condita 1960
Categoria:Res publica democratica Congensis
Categoria:Respublicae