Ithomiini

**Ithomiini** sunt tribus papilionum subfamiliae Danainarum familiae Nymphalidarum. Aliquando appellantur tribus papilionum alarum pellucidarum vel etiam alarum vitrearum. Nonnulli eruditi dicunt hunc gregem esse subfamiliam, **Ithomiinas.** Qui papiliones solum sunt neotropici, in silvis umidis ab aequore maris ad 3000 metra, a Mexico ad Argentinam. Circa 370 species in 40–45 genera digeruntur.

Larvae ithomiinorum plerumque solanaceis vescuntur. Exceptiones sunt *Tithorea,* *Aeria,* et *Elzunia* (genera prima), quae, sicut *Tellervo* nonnullaeque Danainae, quae lianis Echitearum (apocynacearum et apocynoidearum), ac *Megoleria* et *Hyposcada,* quae gesneriaceis vescuntur.

## Taxinomia Ithomiinorum 
Tribus **Ithomiini** Godman & Salvin, 1879
* Subtribus Tithoreina Fox, 1940
** *Elzunia* Bryk, 1937
** *Tithorea* Doubleday, 1847 (= *Hirsutis* Haensch, 1909)
** *Aeria* Hübner, 1816
* Subtribus Melinaeina Clark, 1947
** *Athesis* Doubleday, 1847 (= *Roswellia* Fox, 1948)
** *Eutresis* Doubleday, 1847
** *Athyrtis* C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862
** *Paititia* Lamas, 1979
** *Olyras* Doubleday, 1847
** *Patricia* Fox, 1940
** *Melinaea* Hübner, 1816 (= homonymum *Melinaea* Bates, 1862; = *Czakia* Kremky, 1925)
* Subtribus Mechanitina Bar, 1878
** *Methona* Doubleday, 1847 (= *Gelotophye* d'Almeida, 1940)
** *Thyridia* Hübner, 1816 (= *Xanthocleis* Boisduval, 1870; = *Aprotopus* Kirby, 1871; = *Aprotopos* Kirby, 1871)
** *Scada* Kirby, 1871 (= homonym *Salacia* Hübner, 1823; = *Heteroscada* Schatz, 1886)
** *Sais* Hübner, 1816
** *Forbestra* Fox, 1967
** *Mechanitis* Fabricius, 1807 (= homonymum *Nereis* Hübner, 1806; = unavailable name *Hymenitis* Illiger, 1807; = *Epimetes* Billberg, 1820)
* Subtribus Napeogenina
** *Aremfoxia* Réal, 1971
** *Epityches* d'Almeida, 1938 (= homonymum *Tritonia* Geyer, 1832)
** *Hyalyris* Boisduval, 1870 (= *Oreogenes* Stichel, 1899)
** *Napeogenes* Bates, 1862 (= homonymum *Ceratonia* Boisduval, 1870; = *Choridis* Boisduval, 1870)
** *Hypothyris* Hübner, 1821 (= *Mansueta* d'Almeida, 1922; = *Pseudomechanitis* Röber, 1930; = *Garsauritis* d'Almeida, 1938; = *Rhodussa* d'Almeida, 1939)
* Subtribus Ithomiina Godman & Salvin, 1879
** *Placidina* d'Almeida, 1928 (= *Placidula* d'Almeida, 1922)
** *Pagyris* Boisduval, 1870 (= *Miraleria* Haensch, 1903)
** *Ithomia* Hübner, 1816 (= *Dynothea* Reakirt, 1866)
* Subtribus Oleriina
** *Megoleria* Constantino, 1999
** *Hyposcada* Godman & Salvin, 1879
** *Oleria* Hübner, 1816 (= *Leucothyris* Boisduval, 1870; = *Ollantaya* Brown & Freitas, 1994)
* Subtribus Dircennina d'Almeida, 1941
** *Ceratinia* Hübner, 1816 (= *Calloleria* Godman & Salvin, 1879; = *Epileria* Rebel, 1902; = *Teracinia* Röber, 1910)
** *Callithomia* Bates, 1862 (= *Cleodis* Boisduval, 1870; = *Epithomia* Godman & Salvin, 1879; = *Corbulis* Boisduval, 1870; = *Leithomia* Masters, 1973)
** *Dircenna* Doubleday, 1847
** *Hyalenna* Forbes, 1942
** *Episcada* Godman & Salvin, 1879 (= *Ceratiscada* Brown & d'Almeida, 1970; = *Prittwitzia* Brown, Mielke & Ebert, 1970)
** *Haenschia* Lamas, 2004
** *Pteronymia* Butler & H. Druce, 1872 (= *Ernicornis* Capronnier, 1874; = *Parapteronymia* Kremky, 1925; = *Talamancana* Haber, Brown & Freitas, 1994)
* Subtribus Godyridina
** *Velamysta* Haensch, 1909
** *Godyris* Boisduval, 1870 (= *Dismenitis* Haensch, 1903; = *Dygoris* Fox, 1945)
** *Veladyris* Fox, 1945
** *Hypoleria* Godman & Salvin, 1879 (= homonym *Pigritia* d'Almeida, 1922; = homonym *Pigritina* Hedicke, 1923; = homonymum *Heringia* d'Almeida, 1924)
** *Brevioleria* Lamas, 2004
** *Mcclungia* Fox, 1940
** *Greta* Hemming, 1934 (= homonymum *Hymenitis* Hübner, 1819; = *Hypomenitis* Fox, 1945)
** *Heterosais* Godman & Salvin, 1880 (= *Rhadinoptera* d'Almeida, 1922)
** *Pseudoscada* Godman & Salvin, 1879 (= *Languida* d'Almeida, 1922)

*Colores animalium
*Imitatio

## Bibliographia
*Brown Jr., K. S., et A. V. L. Freitas. 1994. "Juvenile stages of Ithomiinae: overview and systematics (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)." *Tropical Lepidoptera* 5 (1): 9-20. PDF.
* Haensch, Richard. 1907. "5: The Macrolepidoptera of the American faunistic region. Danaidae." In *The Macrolepidoptera of the World,* ed. A. Seitz, 5: 113-71. Editio interretialis.
* Lamas, G. 1999. "Nymphalidae II Pt. 3 Ithomiinae." In *Butterflies of the World,* ed. E. . Bauer et T. Frankenbach, 1–17). Keltern Germaniae: Goecke & Evers. ISBN 978-3-931374-66-2.
* Vasconcellos-Neto, João, et Thomas M. Lewinsohn. 1984. "Discrimination and release of unpalatable butterflies by *Nephila clavipes*, a Neotropical orb-weaving spider." *Ecological Entomology* 9, no. 3 (Augustus): 337–44. . s2cid=83792953. Editio interretialis.

## Nexus externi
* "Illustrated Checklist." Florida Museum.
* General information on ithomiine butterflies
* "Learn about butterflies." Photographemata imitationis in *Methona confusa.*
* Pteron. Ctngua Iaponiensis, sed cum binominibus.
* TOL.


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Categoria:Tribus animalium