Spelunca Franchthium

thumb|Spelunca Franchthium media imagine, medio monte visa
**Spelunca Franchthium** Argolidis, vulgo σπήλαιο Φράγχθι, ad oram maritimam Argolici sinus iacens, est locus habitationis humanae Palaeolithicae, Mesolithicae et Neolithicae, ab archaeologis Civitatum Foederatarum annis 1967-1976 effossus.

Vestigia reperta sunt piscium quos incolae Franchthii capiebant et comedebant. Stratis palaeolithicis superioribus mesolithicisque inferioribus, annis scilicet circiter 11,000–9,100 ante praesentia, inventi sunt praecipue *Anguilla anguilla*, *Sparus aurata* aliique Sparidae, *Mugil cephalus*; pauciores etiam *Conger conger*, *Dicentrarchus labrax*, *Umbrina cirrosa*: quo aevo ora maritima 4 chiliometris a spelunca distabat. Stratis mesolithicis superioribus, annis circiter 9,100–8,000 a.p., ora fere 2 chiliometris distante, inventa sunt praesertim ossa *Thunnus thynnus*, *Epinephelus marginatus*, *Sphyraena sphyraena*; multo pauciores *Diplodus vulgaris* (sive et *D. sargus*) et *Mugil cephalus*. Eodem aevo, quo capiebantur tunni maximi, pisces maris profundioris, obsidiani lapides primum a Melo ad Franchthium advehebantur. Stratis neolithicis, annis circiter 8,000–5,000 a.p., ora haud 1 chiliometro distante, reperiuntur praecipue Sparidae: *Pagellus erythrinus*, *Diplodus* spp., *Sparus aurata*; insuper *Thunnus*, sed pauciores et minores, paucique etiam *Epinephelus marginatus*, *Sphyraena sphyraena* et *Mugil cephalus*, paucissimi *Acipenser sturio*.

Aevis palaeolithico et Mesolithico homines animalia ad cibum capiebant *Cervus elaphus*, *Equus hydruntinus*, *Bos primigenius*, *Cervus elaphus*, *Sus scrofa*, *Capra*, tardius animalia minora praesertim *Lepus europaeus*, etiam *Erinaceus* sp., *Alectoris graeca*, *Otis tarda*, *Testudo graeca*, *Emys orbicularis* seu fortasse *Maurmys* sp.

## Notae 
## Bibliographia 
* William R. Farrand, *Depositional History of Franchthi Cave: Stratigraphy, Sedimentology, and Chronology*. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2000 
* Julie M. Hansen, "Franchthi Cave and the beginning of agriculture in Greece and the Aegean" in P. C. Anderson-Gerfaud, ed., ''Préhistoire de l'agriculture* (Lutetiae, 1992) pp. 231-247
* Julie Hansen, *The palaeoethnobotany of Franchthi Cave*. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1991. (*Excavations at Franchthi Cave, Greece*, vol. 7)
* Julie M. Hansen, J. M. Renfrew, "Palaeolithic-Neolithic seed remains at Franchthi Cave, Greece" in *Nature* vol. 271 (1978) pp. 349-352
* T. W. Jacobsen, "Franchthi cave and the beginning of settled village life in Greece" in *Hesperia* vol. 50 (1981) pp. 303-319
* T. W. Jacobsen and W. R. Farrand, *Franchthi Cave and Paralia: maps, plans and sections*. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1987 (*Excavations at Franchthi Cave, Greece*, vol. 1) 
* M. H. Jameson, C. Runnels, T. van Andel, *A Greek countryside: the southern Argolid from prehistory to the present day*. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1994
* Ceren Kabukcu et al., "Cooking in caves: Palaeolithic carbonised plant food remains from Franchthi and Shanidar" in *Antiquity* (23 Novembris 2022) alibi
* S. Payne, "Faunal change at Franchthi from 20,000 B.C. to 3,000 B.C." in A. T. Clason, ed., *Archaeozoological studies* (Novi Eboraci: Academic Press, 1975) pp. 120-131
* Catherine Perlès, "The Mesolithic at Franchthi: an overview of the data and problems" in Nena Galanidou, Catherine Perlès, edd., *The Greek Mesolithic: Problems and Perspectives* (Londinii: British School at Athens, 2003. *British School at Athens Studies*, vol. 10) pp. 79-87
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* Judith C. Shackleton, *Marine molluscan remains from Franchthi Cave*. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988 (*Excavations at Franchthi Cave, Greece*, vol. 4) 
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* Anna Stroulia, *Flexible Stones: Ground Stone Tools from Franchthi Cave, Fascicle 14, Excavations at Franchthi Cave, Greece*. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2010 
* L. E. Talalay, *Deities, Dolls, and Devices: Neolithic Figurines from Franchthi Cave, Greece*. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993
* Tj. H. van Andel, S. B. Sutton, *Landscape and people of the Franchthi region*. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1987 
* K. D. Vitelli, "Were Pots First Made for Food? Doubts from Franchthi" in *World Archaeology* vol. 21 (1989) pp. 17–29 Epitome
* Tony J. Wilkinson, Susan T. Duhon, *Franchthi Paralia--the Sediments, Stratigraphy, and Offshore Investigations*. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990 

* Graecia aetatis lapideae

## Nexus externi 
* "Franchthi Cave" apud *Megalithic Portal*
* "The Southern Greek Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic Sequence at Franchthi" e serie paginarum *Aegean Prehistoric Archaeology* apud Collegium Dartmuthense
* "Σπήλαιο Φράγχθι- Franchthi cave" apud *Ιστορική Ερμιονίδα''

Categoria:Cavernae
Categoria:Loci archaeologici Graeciae
Categoria:Loci habitati palaeolithici
Categoria:Loci habitati neolithici
Categoria:Loci habitati mesolithici
Categoria:Argolis