Taoismus

[thumb|Templum Dai apud [Mons Tai|Montem Tai, unum ex sanctissimis montibus in Sinis.]]

**Taoismus** (Mandarinice 道教 vel 道家&thinsp;; pinyin *dàojiào* vel *dàojiā*) est una ex nonnullarum cognatarum philosophiae religionisque memoriarum vel notionum Sinensium quae vivere congruenter cum Tao (道) vehementer dicunt, fonte et necessario omnium exstantium, quae Asiam Orientalem plus quam duo milia annorum movent et inter nationes manaverunt (Miller 2003:ix).
[alt=|thumb|150px|left|[Laozi ut doctor Taoistus pictus.]]

Signum Sinense 道 *Tao* (vel secundum alteram romanizationem *Dao*) usitate significare habetur 'via' vel 'iter' vel 'principium', sed hic usus in philosophia et religione Sinensibus abstrusiores significationes ex "realitate" et "natura" habet, quae res *Tao* etiam significare potest.
[thumb|200px|Templum Taoisticum in [Taivania.]]
thumb|150px|Statua deitatis Taoiste Taivaniae.
[thumb|upright|alt=|200px|Presbyter Taoistus [Macaum|Macai, Februario 2006.]]
[thumb|Interior templi Taoisti [Taivaniae pars.]]
[thumb|200px|Templum Taoistum [centum annos natum, lapis a communitate Sinico in Statione 5th Avenue LRT, Caloocan, Manilae, Philippinarum aedificatum.]]
[alt=|thumb|upright|Fascinum Taoistum ex Templo [Matsu (dea)|Tien Hau Sancti Francisci.]]
[thumb|200px|Monasterium Nubis Albae [Pechinum|Pechini]]
[thumb|Draco Sinicus in [Templum Mengjia Longshan|Templo Mengjia Longshan Taipeii.]]
[alt=|thumb|*[Confucianismus, Taoismus, et Buddhismus sunt unum,* tabula modo *litang* saeculo duodecimo picta, tres homines qui in ripis fluvii ridunt ostendit; Domus Song.]]

Taoisticae proprietas et ethice Tres Gazas (saepe Tres Taoismi Gemmas appellatas) vehementius dicunt: misericordiam, moderationem, modestiam. In cogitatione Taoistica, quies (*wu wei*), actio spontanea, humanismus, et inanitas vim habent; multum enim valet nexus inter homines et naturam, qui, regulis normisque minutis, hominibus succurrit ut ei mundum melius cognitum habeant.

Plurimi Taoistae Sinenses qui nihil in vitae societate immutari volunt sunt polytheistici. Spiritus naturae et maiorum plerumque adsunt in Taoismo ad commune iudicium accommodato. Taoismus ordinatus suos ritus distinguit a quotidianis ritibus, quos nonnulli Taoistae professionales (*Daoshi*) corruptos habent.

Laocius et Chuangcius philosophii Taoismii sunt.

* Centum Scholae Cogitationis
* Confucianismus
* Imperator Lapidis Nephritici
* Philosophia Sinica
* Qi
* *Tao Te Ching*
* Tres Puri

## Bibliographia 
* Anatole, Alex. 2005. *The Truth of Tao.* Center of Traditional Taoist Studies. ISBN 0-9742529-0-5.
* Barrett, Rick. 2006. *Taijiquan: Through the Western Gate.* Blue Snake Books. ISBN 1-58394-139-8.
* Cane, Eulalio Paul. 2002. *Harmony: Radical Taoism Gently Applied.* Trafford Publishing. ISBN 1-4122-4778-0.
* Carr, David T., et Canhui Zhang. 2004. *Space, Time, and Culture.* Springer. ISBN 1-4020-2823-7.
* Chang, Stephen T. 1985. *The Great Tao.* Tao Longevity LLC. ISBN 0-942196-01-5.
* Dean, Kenneth. 1993. *Taoist Ritual and Popular Cults of Southeast China.* Princeton: Princeton University Press.
* Eliade, Mircea. 1984. *A History of Religious Ideas.* Vol. 2. In Anglicum versus a Willard R. Trask. Sicagi: University of Chicago Press.
* Fasching, Darrell J., et Dell de Chant. 2001. *Comparative Religious Ethics: a narrative approach* Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 0-631-20125-4.
* Graham, A. C. 1993. *Disputers of the Tao: Philosophical Argument in Ancient China.* Open Court. ISBN 0-8126-9087-7.
* Graham, A. C., translator 2001. *Chuang-tzu: The Inner Chapters.* Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company. ISBN 0-87220-581-9.
* Jones, Richard H. 2004. *Mysticism and Morality: a new look at old questions.* Lexington Books. ISBN 0-7391-0784-4.
* Jordan, David K. 1972. *Gods, Ghosts, and Ancestors: The Folk Religion of a Taiwanese Village.* Berkeleiae: University of California Press.
* Kaltenmark, Max. 1965. *Lao Tzu and Taoism.* Stanfordiae: Stanford University Press.
* Keller, Catherine. 2003. *The Face of the Deep: A Theology of Becoming.* Novi Eboraci: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-25648-8.
* Kim, Ha Poong. 2003. *Reading Lao Tzu: A Companion to the Tao Te Ching With a New Translation.* Xlibris Corporation. ISBN 1-4010-8316-1.
* Kirkland, Russel. 2004. *Taoism: The Enduring Tradition.* Novi Eboraci: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-26322-0.
* Knauer, Elfried R. 2006. The Queen Mother of the West: A Study of the Influence of Western Prototypes on the Iconography of the Taoist Deity. In *Contact and Exchange in the Ancient World,* ed. Victor H. Mair, 62-115. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-2884-4; ISBN 0-8248-2884-4.
* Kohn, Livia. 1993. *The Taoist Experience: An Anthology.* Albany: SUNY Press.
* Kohn, Livia, ed. 2000. *Daoism Handbook.* Leiden: Brill.
* Kohn, Livia. 2004. *The Daoist Monastic Manual: A Translation of the *Fengdao Kejie*.* Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press.
* Kohn, Livia, et Michael LaFargue, eds. 1998. *Lao-Tzu and the Tao-Te-Ching.* SUNY Press. ISBN 0-7914-3599-7.
* Kraemer, Kenneth. 1986. *World Scriptures: An Introduction to Comparative Religions.* Paulist Press. ISBN 0-8091-2781-4.
* LaFargue, Michael. 1994. *Tao and Method: A Reasoned Approach to the Tao Te Ching.* SUNY Press. ISBN 0-7914-1601-1.
* Lau, D. C. 1963. *Lao Tzu: Tao Te Ching.* Londinii: Penguin Classics. ISBN 0-14-044131-X.
* Little, Stephen, Shawn Eichman, et al. 2000. *Taoism and the Arts of China.* Sicagi: Art Institute of Chicago. ISBN 0-520-22784-0.
* Liu Zhongyu (conversus Lü Pengzhi). "Daoist Folk Customs: Burning Incense and Worshiping Spirits." Taoist Culture and Information Centre, apud www.eng.taoism.org.hk.
* Mair, Victor H. 2001. *The Columbia History of Chinese Literature.* Novi Eboraci: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-10984-9.
* Martin, William. 2005. ''A Path And A Practice: Using Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching as a Guide to an Awakened Spiritual Life.* Marlowe & Company. ISBN 1-56924-390-5.
* Martinson, Paul Varo. 1987. *A theology of world religions: Interpreting God, self, and world in Semitic, Indian, and Chinese thought.* Augsburg Publishing House. ISBN 0-8066-2253-9.
* Maspero, Henri. 1981. *Taoism and Chinese Religion.* Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 0-87023-308-4.
* Miller, James. 2003. *Daoism: A Short Introduction.* Oxford: Oneworld Publications. ISBN 1-85168-315-1.
* Ni, Hua-Ching. 1998. *Tao: The Subtle Universal Law and the Integral Way of Life.* SevenStar Communications. ISBN 0-937064-65-3.
* Robinet. Isabelle. 1993. *Taoist Meditation: The Mao-shan Tradition of Great Purity.* Albany: SUNY Press. (Francogallice, 1989).
* Robinet, Isabelle. 1992. *Taoism: Growth of a Religion* Stanford: Stanford University Press (Francogallice, 1992). ISBN 0-8047-2839-9.
* Saso, Michael R. 1990. *Taoism and the Rite of Cosmic Renewal.* 2nd ed. Washington State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87422-054-4.
* Segal, Robert Alan. 2006. *The Blackwell Companion to the Study of Religion.* Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 0-631-23216-8.
* Schipper, Kristopher. 1993. *The Taoist Body.* Berkeley: University of California Press. (Francogallice, 1982).
* Schipper, Kristopher, et Franciscus Verellen. 2004. *The Taoist Canon: A Historical Companion to the Daozang.* Sicagi: University of Chicago.
* Sharot, Stephen. 2001. *A Comparative Sociology of World Religions: virtuosos, priests, and popular religion.* Novi Eboraci: NYU Press. ISBN 0-8147-9805-5.
* Silvers, Brock. 2005. *The Taoist Manual.* Honolulu: Sacred Mountain Press).
* Sivin, Nathan. 1968. *Chinese Alchemy: Preliminary Studies.* Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Harvard University Press.
* Slingerland, Edward Gilman. 2003. *Effortless Action: Wu-Wei as Conceptual Metaphor and Spiritual Ideal in Early China.* Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-513899-6.
* Sommer, Deborah. 1995. *Chinese Religion: An Anthology of Sources.* Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-508895-6.
* Van Voorst, Robert E. 2005. *Anthology of World Scriptures.* Thomson Wadsworth. ISBN 0-534-52099-5.
* Waley, Arthur. 1958. *The Way and Its Power: A Study of the Tao Te Ching and Its Place in Chinese Thought.* Grove Press. ISBN 0-8021-5085-3.
* Welch, H., et A. Seidel. 1979. *Facets of Taoism.'' Yale University Press.

## Nexus externi 
;Instituta nationalia
* Chinese Taoist Association, apud www.taoist.org.cn
* Hongkonger Taoist Association, apud www.hktaoist.org.hk
* United Hongkonger Taoist Association, apud www.hktaoist.org
* Brazilian Taoist Association, apud www.taoismo.org.br
* European Taoist Union, apud www.qingjing.org
** British Taoist Association, apud www.taoists.co.uk
** French Taoist Association, apud www.aftao.org
** Spanish/Catalan Taoist Association, apud www.qingjing.net
* Reform Taoist Congregation, apud www.reformtaoism.org

;Sedes et societates pro studio
* Center of Traditional Taoist Studies, apud www.tao.org
* Center for Taoist Studies, apud www.daoistcenter.org
* Taoist Studies Institute, apud www.taoiststudiesinstitute.org
* Taoist Center in Vermont, apud www.taoistcenter.net
* Taoist Studies, apud www.daoiststudies.org

;Nexus varii
* Taoismus, apud religiousmovements.lob.birginia.edu (Universitas Virginiae)
* Tao Divinum, apud divinetao.com
* "Tao Store Index," apud home.comcast.net ("Online Taoist Scriptures")
* "Taoist Culture and Information Center," apud www.eng.taoism.org.hk
* "Wudang Tao: Enter the Mountain," apud www.wudangtao.net

Categoria:Philosophia religionis
Categoria:Polytheismus