Ctenopharyngodon idella

***Ctenopharyngodon idella*** est magna species piscium herbivororum aquae dulcis familae Cyprinidarum, qui in Asia Orientali endemici sunt, primum ab Vietnamia septentrionali ad Amurem flumen in finibus Siberiae et Sinae inventus. Quae cyprinida Asiana est sola species generis *Ctenopharyngodontis.*
thumb|upright=1|left|Binae *Ctenopharyngodontes idellae* adultae. 
thumb|upright=0.8|*Ctenopharyngodon idella* iuvenis. 
thumb|upright=0.8|Despectus in *Ctenopharyngodontes idellas* sanas.
[thumb|upright=0.8|*Ctenopharyngodon idella* [linum monofilamentale|lino monofilamentali capta.]]
thumb|upright=0.8|*Ctenopharyngodon idella.*

In cultura Sinica, cibo hominum colitur, sed in Europam et Civitatibus Foederatis ad herbas malas aquaticas continendas introducta est, unde species piscium maxime in productione pisciculturali per orbem terrarum facta est, plus quam quinque milliones tonnarum per annum generans.

*Ctenopharyngodon idella* est piscis magnorum turbidorumque fluminum et lacuum consociatorum in planitiebus inundationum, qui latas temperaturarum variationes tolerare potest. Se parat ad proles propagandos inter temperaturas a 20 ad 30 gradus Celsius.

## Oecologia
Haec species in lacubus, stagnis, aquisque retrofluentibus magnorum fluminum habitat, ubi magna corpora aquae lente fluentis vel stantis vegetatione praedita petit. Specimina fera in fluminibus rapide fluentibus ova pariunt, quae, aquá aliquantulum graviora, sese evolvunt cum secundum flumen fluitent, agitatione aquae continenter suspensa. Nonnulli auctoritates credunt ova mori, si in alveum desidunt et ibi manent.

Adulti plerumque plantis aquaticis pascuntur. Talibus plantis altioribus plantisque terrestribus summersis vescuntur, sed etiam detritum, insecta, et parva invertebrata capiunt.

## Species introducta
*Ctenopharyngodon idella* in multas orbis terrarum civitates  introducta est. Inter quas in hemisphaerio septentrionali, Bosnia et Herzegovina, Britanniarum Regnum, Cechia, Civitates Foederatae, Croatia, Dania, Francia, Germania, Helvetia, Iaponia, India, Israel, Italia, Macedonia, Malaesia, Mexicum, Mons Niger,  Nederlandia, Philippinae, Polonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovacia,  Slovenia, Suecia, et Taivania; in hemisphaerio australi, Africa Australis.Argentina, Australia, Nova Zelandia,  et Venetiola,

## Notae
## Bibliographia
; Fontes antiquiores
* 1796 : Yuan Mei, *Suiyuan shidan* (Sean J. S. Chen, ed. et interpr., 魚鬆 = Fish Floss, 瓠子,黃瓜 = Calabash and Cucumbers)

; Eruditio
*Billard, R. 1997. ''Les poissons d'eau douce des rivières de France: Identification, inventaire et répartition des 83 espèces.* Lausannae: Delachaux & Niestlé.
*Canover, G., R. Simmonds, et M. Whalen, eds. 2007. *Management and Control Plan for Bighead, Black, Grass, and Silver Carps in the United States,* 21–27. Vasingtoniae: Asian Carp Working Group, Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force. PDF.
*Chapman, Duane C., Jeremiah J. Davis, Jill A. Jenkins, Patrick M.Kocovsky, Jeffrey G. Miner, John Farver, et P. Ryan Jackson. 2013. "First evidence of grass carp recruitment in the Great Lakes Basin." *Journal of Great Lakes Research* 39 (4): 547–54. ISSN 0380-1330. doi:10.1016/j.jglr.2013.09.019.
*Gerstmeier, Roland, et Thomas Romig. 1998. *Die Süßwasserfische Europas.* Stutgardiae: Kosmos-Verlag. ISBN 3-440-07068-9.
*Krykhtin, M. L., et E. I. Gorbach. 1981. *Reproductive ecology of the grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, and the silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, in the Amur Basin.* *Journal of Ichthyology* 21 (2): 109-23.
*Nico, L.G., P. L. Fuller, P. J. Schofield, et M. E. Neilson. 2012. "Grass Carp (*Ctenopharyngodon idella*)." *Nonindigenous Aquatic Species database.* Gainesville Floridae: United States Geological Survey Editio interretialis.
*Page, L. M., et B. M. Burr. 1991. *A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico.* Bostoniae: Houghton Mifflin Company.
*Rowe, D. K., et C. M. Schipper. 1985. *An assessment of the impact of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon Idella) in New Zealand waters.* Rotorua Novae Zelandiae: Fisheries Research Division, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries.
*Shireman, J. V., et C. R. Smith. 1983. *Synopsis of biological data on the grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1884).* FAO Fish. Synop. 135.
*Skelton, P. H. 1993. *A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa.* Southern Book Publishers.
*Terofal, Fritz. 1996. *Süßwasserfische in europäischen Gewässern.* Monaci: Mosaik-Verlag. ISBN 3-576-10564-6.

## Nexus externi
*Species Profile - Grass Carp (*Ctenopharyngodon idella''), National Invasive Species Information Center, United States National Agricultural Library.
*

Categoria:Alimenta Sinensia
Categoria:Fauna Asiae Orientalis
Categoria:Vertebrata herbivora
Categoria:Pisces culti
Categoria:Pisces Sinarum
Categoria:Species animalium
Categoria:Squaliobarbinae
Categoria:Taxa Valenciennes
Categoria:Taxa 1844