Motus iurum civilium

[thumb|Quinque duces motus iurum civilium. A laeva: [Bayard Rustin, Andreas Young, Gulielmus Fitts Ryan, Iacobus Farmer, et Ioannes Lewis anno 1965.]]
[thumb|[Robertus Franciscus Kennedy concursum ante aedificium Ministerii Iustitiae Iunio 1963 alloquitur.]]
[thumb|[Vigiles hominem per Tumultus Wattenses, Augusto 1965 apprehendunt.]]
[thumb|*Shantytown* 3000 hominum, Resurrection City ('Urbs resurrectionis') appellatum, in [Campus Nationalis|Campo Nationali anno 1968 constituitur.]]
[thumb|[Poenitentiarum Civicum Mississippiense.]]
**Motus iurum civilium,** plenius **motus iurum civilium annorum 1960,** motus sociales in Civitatibus Foederatis amplectitur quorum proposita erant segregatio et opinio praeiudicata phyletica contra Afroamericanos finienda et agnitio legitima ac foederalis iurum civilium tutela in Constitutione et legibus foederalibus enumerata comparanda. Qui motus ex aevo reconstructionis saeculo undevicensimo exeunte ortus est, et mediis annis 1960, post permultas actiones rectas et obtestationes generis *grassroots,* motus suos successus maximos habuit. Eius maximae petitiones, per repugnantiam inviolentam et contumaciam civilem effectae, novas tutelas omnium Americanorum instituit.

Hic commentarius tempus horum motuum ab anno 1954 ad 1968 attingit, praecipue in Meridie Americano. Duces erant Afroamericani, sed multum subsidii politici et pecuniarii ex collegiis opificibus (Gualterio Reuther duce), maioribus sectis religiosis, atque prominentibus politicis albis venit, insignissime Huberto Humphrey et Lyndon B. Johnson.

## Activistae singuli
*Radulphus Abernathy
*Victoria Gray Adams
*Maya Angelou
*Ella Baker
*Iacobus Baldwin
*Marion Barry
*Daisy Bates
*Fay Bellamy Powell
*Iacobus Bevel
*Claudius Black
*Unita Blackwell
*Iulianus Bond
*Amelia Boynton
*Anna Braden
*Carolus Braden
*Maria Fair Burks
*Stokely Carmichael
*Septima Clark
*Albertus Cleage
*Carolus E. Cobb, Jr.
*Anna Lee Cooper
*Dorothea Cotton
*Claudetta Colvin
*Ionathan Daniels
*Anna Devine
*Doris Derby
*Mariana Wright Edelman
*Medgar Evers
*Myrlie Evers-Williams
*Iacobus L. Farmer, Jr.
*Carolus Fleming
*Sara Mae Flemming
*Iacobus Forman
*Francisculus Muse Freeman
*Fred Gray
*Ricardus Gregory
*Prathia Hall
*Fannie Lou Hamer
*Lotharingia Hansberry
*Lola Hendricks
*Aaron Henry
*Myles Horton
*T. R. M. Howard
*Winson Hudson
*Iesse Jackson
*Iacobulus Lee Jackson
*Esau Jenkins
*Gloria Johnson-Powell
*Clyde Kennard
*Coretta Scott King
*Martinus Lutherus King Jr.
*Bernardus Lafayette
*W. W. Law
*Iacobus Lawson
*Ioannes Lewis
*Viola Liuzzo
*Iosephus Lowery
*Autherine Lucy
*Clara Luper
*Thurgood Marshall
*Iacobus Meredith
*Loren Miller
*Iacobus Minnis
*Anna Moody
*Harrius T. Moore
*E. Frederic Morrow
*Robertus Parris Moses
*Gulielmus Moyer
*Diana Nash
*Dionysia Nicholas
*E. D. Nixon
*David Nolan
*Iacobus Orange
*Nan Grogan Orrock
*Rosa Parks
*Rutledge Pearson
*Georgius Raymond Jr.
*Iacobus Reeb
*Fridericus D. Reese
*Gloria Richardson
*Amelia Boynton Robinson
*Jo Ann Robinson
*Ruby Doris Smith-Robinson
*Bayard Rustin
*Cleveland Sellers
*Carolus Sherrod
*Fridericus Shuttlesworth
*Modjeska Monteith Simkins
*Carolus Kenzie Steele
*Dempsey Travis
*C. T. Vivian
*Wyatt Tee Walker
*Hosea Williams
*Robertus F. Williams
*Malcolm X
*Andreas Young

### Activistae, artifices, et alii fautores
*Muhammad Ali
*Ioanna Baez
*Harrius Belafonte
*Radulphus Bunche
*Guido Carawan
*Robertus L. Carter
*Gulielmus Sloane Coffin
*Ossie Davis
*Ruby Dee
*Iacobus Dombrowski
*W. E. B. Du Bois
*Virginia Durr
*Robertus Dylan
*Ioannes Hope Franklin
*Iacobus Greenberg
*Anna Arnold Hedgeman
*Dorothea Height
*Charlton Heston
*Mahalia Jackson
*Clarentius Jordan
*Stetson Kennedy
* Arthurus Kinoy
*Gulielmus Kunstler
*Alain LeRoy Locke
*Staughton Lynd
*Constantia Baker Motley
*Nichelle Nichols
*Philippus Ochs
*Odetta
*Sidney Poitier
*A. Philippus Randolph
*Paulus Robeson
*Iacobulus Robinson
*Petrus Seeger
*Nina Simone
*Normannus Thomas
*Roy Wilkins
*Whitney Young
*Howardus Zinn

*Activismus
*Beat Generation
*Carmen recusationis
*Contracultura annorum 1960
*Iter in Vasingtoniam Occupationis Libertatisque Causa
*Iura humana
*Manifestatio
*Mors Georgii Floyd
*"We Shall Overcome"

## Notae
## Bibliographia
*Abel, Elizabeth. 2010. *Signs of the Times: The Visual Politics of Jim Crow.* Berkeleiae: University of California Press.
*Arsenault, Raymond. 2006. *Freedom Riders: 1961 and the Struggle for Racial Justice.* Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195136748. Google Books.
*Barnes, Catherine A. 1983. *Journey from Jim Crow: The Desegregation of Southern Transit.* Columbia University Press.
*Berger, Martin A. 2011. *Seeing through Race: A Reinterpretation of Civil Rights Photography.* Berkeleiae: University of California Press.
*Beito, David T., et Linda Royster Beito. 2009. ''Black Maverick: T. R. M. Howard's Fight for Civil Rights and Economic Power.* University of Illinois Press. ISBN 9780252034206.  Google Books.
*Branch, Taylor. 2006. *At Canaan's Edge: America in the King Years, 1965–1968.* Novi Eboraci: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 068485712X.
*Branch, Taylor. 1988. *Parting the waters: America in the King years, 1954–1963.* Novi Eboraci: Simon & Schuster.
*Branch, Taylor. 1998. *Pillar of fire: America in the King years, 1963–1965.*
*Branch, Taylor. 2007. *At Canaan's edge: America in the King years, 1965-68.*
*Carson, Clayborne. 1980. *In Struggle: SNCC and the Black Awakening of the 1960s.* Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0374523568.
*Chandra, Siddharth, et Angela Williams-Foster. 2005. The "Revolution of Rising Expectations," Relative Deprivation, and the Urban Social Disorders of the 1960s: Evidence from State-Level Data. *Social Science History* 29 (2): 299–332. JSTOR.
*Fairclough, Adam. 1987. *To Redeem the Soul of America: The Southern Christian Leadership Conference & Martin Luther King.* The University of Georgia Press.
*Garrow, David J. 1986. *Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.* Novi Eboraci: William Morrow. ISBN 0688047947.
*Garrow, David J. 1981. *The FBI and Martin Luther King.* Novi Eboraci: W.W. Norton. Viking Press Reprint edition. 1983. ISBN 0140064869. Yale University Press; Revised and Expanded edition. 2006. ISBN 0300087314.
*Greene, Christina. 2005. *Our Separate Ways: Women and the Black Freedom Movement in Durham.* Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
*Horne, Gerald. (1995) 1997. *The Fire This Time: The Watts Uprising and the 1960s.* Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0306807920.
*Kirk, John A. *Martin Luther King, Jr.*. Londinii: Longman, 2005. ISBN 0582414318
*Kirk, John A. *Redefining the Color Line: Black Activism in Little Rock, Arkansas, 1940–1970*. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 2002. ISBN 081302496X.
*Kousser, J. Morgan. 2000. "The Supreme Court And The Undoing of the Second Reconstruction." *National Forum* (Spring). Editio interretialis.
*Kryn, Randall L. 1984. "James L. Bevel, The Strategist of the 1960s Civil Rights Movement."
*Kryn, Randall L. 1989. "James L. Bevel, The Strategist of the 1960s Civil Rights Movement." Editio cum addendis in *We Shall Overcome, Volume II* ed. David Garrow. Novi Eboraci: Carlson Publishing Company.
*Malcolm X, cum Alex Haley. 1965. *The Autobiography of Malcolm X.* Novi Eboraci: Random House. ISBN 0345350685. ISBN 0345379756.
*Marable, Manning. 1984. *Race, Reform and Rebellion: The Second Reconstruction in Black America, 1945–1982*. University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 0878052259.
*McAdam, Doug. 1982. *Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency, 1930–1970*, Sicagi: University of Chicago Press.
*McAdam, Doug. 2009. "The US Civil Rights Movement: Power from Below and Above, 1945–70." In *Civil Resistance and Power Politics: The Experience of Non-violent Action from Gandhi to the Present.* Ed. Adam Roberts et Timothy Garton Ash. Oxoniae et Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199552016.
*Minchin, Timothy J. 1999. *Hiring the Black Worker: The Racial Integration of the Southern Textile Industry, 1960–1980].* University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0807824704. Google Books.
*Morris, Aldon D. 1984. *The Origins of the Civil Rights Movement: Black Communities Organizing for Change.* Novi Eboraci: The Free Press. ISBN 0029221307.
*Sokol, Jason. 2006. *There Goes My Everything: White Southerners in the Age of Civil Rights, 1945–1975.* Novi Eboraci: Knopf.
*Payne, Charles M. *I've Got the Light of Freedom: The Organizing Tradition and the Mississippi Freedom Struggle*. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995.
*Patterson, James T. 2002. *Brown v. Board of Education, a Civil Rights Milestone and Its Troubled Legacy.* Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195156323. Google Books.
*Raiford, Leigh. 2011. *Imprisoned in a Luminous Glare: Photography and the African American Freedom Struggle.* Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. UNC Press. 
*Ransby, Barbara. 2003. *Ella Baker and the Black Freedom Movement, a Radical Democratic Vision.* Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
*Reeves, Richard. 1993. *President Kennedy: Profile of Power.* Novi Eboraci: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9780671648794.
*Sitkoff, Howard. 2008. *The Struggle for Black Equality.* Ed. secunda.
*Tsesis, Alexander. 2008. *We Shall Overcome: A History of Civil Rights and the Law.* Portu Novo: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300118377. Google Books.
*Williams, Juan. 1987. *Eyes on the Prize: America's Civil Rights Years, 1954–1965.* Novi Eboraci: Penguin Books. ISBN 0140096531.

### Historiographia et memoria
*Armstrong, Julie Buckner, ed. 2015. *The Cambridge Companion to American Civil Rights Literature.* Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press.
*Fairclough, Adam. 1990. Historians and the Civil Rights Movement. *Journal of American Studies.* 24 (3): 387–98. JSTOR.
*Frost, Jennifer. 2012. "Using "Master Narratives" to Teach History: The Case of the Civil Rights Movement." *History Teacher* 45 (3): 437–46. PDF.
*Hall, Jacquelyn Dowd. 2005. "The long civil rights movement and the political uses of the past." *Journal of American History* 91 (4): 1233–63.
*Lawson, Steven F. 1991. "Freedom Then, Freedom Now: The Historiography of the Civil Rights Movement." *American Historical Review* 96 (2): 456–71. Editio interretialis in JSTOR.
*Sandage, Scott A. 1993. "A marble house divided: The Lincoln Memorial, the civil rights movement, and the politics of memory, 1939–1963." *Journal of American History* 135–67. PDF.

### Fontes primarii
*Carson, Clayborne, David J. Garrow, Bill Kovach, et Carol Polsgrove, eds. 2003. *Reporting Civil Rights: American Journalism 1941–1963* et *Reporting Civil Rights: American Journalism 1963–1973.* Novi Eboraci: Library of America. ISBN 1931082286, ISBN 1931082294.
*Dann, Jim. 2013. *Challenging the Mississippi Firebombers, Memories of Mississippi 1964–65.* Baraka Books. ISBN 9781926824871.
*Holsaert, Faith, et al. 2010. *Hands on the Freedom Plow Personal Accounts by Women in SNCC.'' University of Illinois Press. ISBN 9780252035579. Catalogus.

## Nexus externi
*Bibliotheca Digitalis Iurum Civilium, Digital Library of Georgia/
*Imagines Motus Iurum Civilium in Florida, State Archives of Florida.
*Motus Iurum Civilium Sancti Augustini et Trames Libertatis. Accord Freedom Trail.
*Veterani Motus Iurum Civilium,
*"Civil Rights Greensboro."
*"Civil Rights Resource Guide." Bibliotheca Congressionalis.
*"The Civil Rights Era." Bibliotheca Congressionalis.
*"Civil Rights Movement 1955–1965."
*"Let Justice Roll Down: The Civil Rights Movement Through Film." Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute.
*"Civil Rights Documentation Project." University of Southern Mississippi.
*Oratio Praesidis Kennedy de iuribus civilibus.
*"What Was Jim Crow?"
*"WDAS Radio's Enduring Impact on the Civil Rights Movement."
*"The Committee on the Appeal for Human Rights and the Atlanta Student Movement."
*"The Georgia Movement." *New Georgia Encyclopedia.*
*"Black Leaders of the Civil Rights Movement." *New Georgia Encyclopedia.*
*"The Albany Movement." *New Georgia Encyclopedia.*
*Materia de desegregatione Ole Miss anno 1962.

Categoria:Afroamericani
Categoria:Contracultura annorum 1960
Categoria:Historia Civitatum Foederatarum
Categoria:Motus sociales