Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris, greges Cicla et Flavescens

'''*Beta vulgaris* subsp. *vulgaris,* greges Cicla et Flavescens,'* sunt viride familiae Amaranthacearum ordinis Caryophyllalium holus foliaceum. Petioli inter cultivarietates Gregis Flavescentis sunt magni, et saepe praeter laminas foliorum parantur. Inter autem cultivarietates Gregis Ciclae, folia luxuriosa esse solent. Laminae folii virides vel subrubrae sunt; petioli plerumque albi sunt, et clari flavi vel rubri.

Folia huius holeris, sicut folia multorum vegetabiliium, sunt magnopere alibilia, unde elementum diaetarum sanarum populo gratum est. Arti coquinariae aliquot saecula prodest, sed quia betarum plantarumque sicut *Cynarae cardunculi* similis est, nomina vulgaria inter coquos culturasque confusa possunt. Ei sunt multa nomina vulgaria.

## Classificatio
[thumb|upright=0.6|left|*[Beta vulgaris* subsp. *vulgaris* in macello foris venumdatur.]]
thumb|upright=0.8|Caules rubri.
thumb|upright=0.8|Caules flavi.
thumb|upright=0.8|Caules rubri et flavi.
Greges Cicla et Flavescens *Betae vulgaris* subsp. *vulgaris* primum anno 1753 a Carolo Linnaeo nomine *Beta vulgaris* var. *cicla* descriptae sunt. Eius gradus taxinomicus saepe mutatur, ut subspecies, convarietas, sive varietas *Betae vulgaris* tractaretur. (Inter multa synonyma sunt *Beta vulgaris* subsp. *cicla* (L.) W.D.J. Koch (Grex Cicla), *B. vulgaris* subsp. *cicla* (L.) W.D.J. Koch var. *cicla* L., *B. vulgaris* var. *cycla* (L.) Ulrich, *B. vulgaris* subsp. *vulgaris* (Grex Leaf Beet), *B. vulgaris* subsp. *vulgaris* (Grex Spinach Beet), *B. vulgaris* subsp. *cicla* (L.) W.D.J. Koch (Grex Flavescens), *B. vulgaris* subsp. *cicla* (L.) W.D.J. Koch var. *flavescens* (Lam.) DC., *B. vulgaris* L. subsp. *vulgaris* (Grex Leaf Beet), *B. vulgaris* subsp. *vulgaris* (Grex Swiss Chard)). Omnes sunt culti *Betae vulgaris* subsp. *maritimae* progenies. Hae plantae olim in familiam Chenopodiacearum digerebantur, quarum paene omnes inter Amaranthaceas sensu lato nunc digeruntur.

Duo cultivarietatum greges sine gradu taxinomico sunt Grex Cicla (Anglice *leafy spinach beet*) et Grex Flavescens (*stalky Swiss chard'').

## Notae
## Bibliographia
*D'Avila-Latourrette, Victor-Antoine. 2011. *The monastery garden cookbook: farm-fresh recipes for the home cook.* Woodstock Montis Viridis: Countryman Press; Novi Eboraci: a W. W. Norton distributus. ISBN 9780881509236, ISBN 088150923X 
*Dobbs, Liz. 2012. "It's chard to beet." *The Garden* 137 (6): 54. Royal Horticultural Society.
*Kugler, F., F. C. Stintzing, et R. Carle. 2004. "Identification of betalains from differently coloured Swiss Chard (*Beta vulgaris* L. ssp. cicla [L.] Alef. cv. "Bright Lights") by high-performance liquid chromatography—electrospray ionization mass spectrometry." *Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry* 52: 2975-81.
*Mattus, Matt. 2018. *Mastering the art of vegetable gardening: rare varieties, unusual options, plant lore & guidance.* Minneapoli Minnesotae: Cool Springs Press. ISBN 9780760361924.
*Ramsey, Glen B. 1944. *Market diseases of fruits and vegetables: beets, endive, escarole, globe artichokes, lettuce, rhubarb, spinach, swiss chard, and sweetpotatoes.* Vasingtoniae: U. S. Government Printing Office.
*Scicolone, Michele. 2014. *The Italian vegetable cookbook: 200 favorite recipes for antipasti, soups, pasta, main dishes, and desserts.* Bostoniae: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 9780547909165.
*Scott-Goodman, Barbara, et Liz Trovato. 2011. *Eat greens: seasonal recipes to enjoy in abundance.* Philadelphiae: Running Press. ISBN 9780762439072, ISBN 0762439076.

## Nexus externi
*"Beta vulgaris (Leaf Beet Group)." Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis Missuriae, 2017. 

Categoria:Amaranthaceae
Categoria:Holera
Categoria:Plantae edules