Talcott Parsons

**Talcott Parsons** (13 Decembris 1902 – 8 Maii 1979) fuit sociologus Americanus qui inter professores Universitatis Harvardianae ab 1927 ad 1973 meruit. Qui theoriam actionis, rationem generalem ad societatis systema investigandam, excogitavit, quam in principio methodologico voluntarismi et in principio epistemologico realismi analytici condidit. Haec ratio librare conata est duas traditiones maiores: traditionem utilitario-positivisticam et traditionem hermeneutico-idealisticam, inter quas, apud Parsons, voluntarismus tertiam condicionem alternatam constitit, quae vicissim, plus quam ratio societatis, fuerit ratio evolutionis socialis interpretatioque concreta virium et inclinationum historiae mundi. Parsons opera Aemilii Durkheim et Vilfredi Pareto subtiliter enodavit et eorum contributiones per paradigma actionis voluntaristicae aestimavit.

## Opera 
### Libri
* 1983. *The Structure and Change of the Social System* Edited by Washio Kurata (lectures from Parsons' second visit to Japan).
* 1986, *Social Science: A Basic National Resource* Edited by S. Z. Klausner & Victor Lidz. (Written around 1948).
* 1991, *The Early Essays* (Essays from the late 1920s and the 1930s). Edited by Charles Camic.
* 1993, *On National Socialism* (Essays from the late 1930s and the 1940s). Edited by Uta Gerhardt.
* 2007, *American Society: Toward a Theory of Societal Community* Edited by Giuseppe Sciortino. Paradigm ISBN 978-1-59451-227-8.

### Volumina edita 
* Talcott Parsons et Kenneth B. Clark, eds. *The Negro American.* Beacon Press, 1967.
* Talcott Parsons, ed. *Knowledge and Society - American Sociology.* New York: Basic Books, 1968. (A collection of essays with an introduction by Talcott Parsons).
* Talcott Parsons et Victor M. Lidz, eds. *Readings in Premodern Societies.* Englewood Cliffs, Prentice-Hall, 1972.

### Libri a Parsons conversi 
* Max Weber, *The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.* (1905) Conv. a Parsons anno 1930.
* Max Weber, *The Theory of Social and Economic Organization.* (1921–22) Conv. a Parsons cum Alexander Morell Henderson anno 1947.

### Opera de Parsons scripta 
* Hans P.M. Adriaansens, *Talcott Parsons and the Conceptual dilemma.* Londinii: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1980.
* James V. Aidala, *Schemas of Social Evolution: An Examination of the theories of Gerhard Lenski and Talcott Parsons.* MA-thesis, advisor: Martin U. Martel, Brown University, 1976.
* Jeffrey C. Alexander, *The Modern Reconstruction of Classical Thought: Talcott Parsons.* London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1983.
* Jeffrey C. Alexander, *Neofunctionalism.* Beverly Hills: Sage, 1985.
* Jeffrey C. Alexander, *Twenty Lectures: Sociological Theory Since World War II.* Novi Eboraci: Columbia University Press, 1987.
* Jeffrey C. Alexander, *Neofunctionalism and After.* Wiley, 1998.
* José Almaraz, *La theoría de Talcott Parsons: la problemática de la constitución metodológica del objecto.* Madrid: Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 1981.
* Bernard Barber & Uta Gerhardt (eds.) ''Agenda for Sociology: Classic Sources and Current Uses of Talcott Parsons' Work.* Baden-Baden: Nomos, 1999.
* Harold J. Bershady, *Ideology and Social Knowledge.* Novi Eboraci: John Wiley & Sons, 1973.
* Max Black (ed.) *The Social Theories of Talcott Parsons: A Critical Examination.* Carbondale Illinoesiae: Southern Illinois University Press, 1961.
* Margarete Blasche, Gesellschaftsbegriff und Sozialisationsprozess in den Theorien von Emile Durkheim und Talcott Parsons. Disstertatio doctoralis, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen, 1973.
* Matteo Bortolini, *L'immunità necessaria: Talcott Parsons e la sociologia della modernità.* Meltemi, Romae, 2005.
* Sigrid Brandt, *Religiöses Handeln in moderner Welt: Talcott Parsons' Religions-soziologie im Rahmen seiner allgemeinen Handlungs- und Systemtheorie.* Francofurti: Suhrkamp, 1993.
* Larry Brownstein, *Talcott Parsons' General Action Scheme.* MA: Schenkman, 1982.
* Francois Bourricaud, *The Sociology of Talcott Parsons.* Sicagi: The University of Chicago Press, 1981. (French, 1977).
* William Buxton, *Talcott Parsons and the Capitalist Nation-State.'' Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1985.
* Francois Chazel, La théorie analytique de la société dans l´æuvre de Talcott Parsons. Dissertatio doctoralis, soutenue à l'Université de Paris V en mars 1972. 
* Reinhard Damm, *Systemtheorie und Recht: Zur Normentheorie Talcott Parsons.* Berolini: Duncker & Humblot, 1976.
* Ebert, Michael. 2003. *Talcott Parsons - Seine theoretischen Instrumente in der medizinsoziologischen Analyse der Arzt-Patienten Beziehung.* (Dissertation, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf). Aachen: Shaker.
* Fararo, Thomas J. 2001. *Social Action Systems: foundation and synthesis in sociological theory.* Greenwood Publishers.
* Fox, Renée Claire, Victor M. Lidz, et Harold J. Bershady, eds. 2005. *After Parsons: A Theory of Social Action for the Twenty-First Century.* Russell Sage Foundation.
* Genov, Nikolai Genov. 1982. *Tolkut Parsunz i teoretichnata sotsiologiaa.* Sofia: Idz-vo na Bulgarskata akademii na naukite.*Gerhardt, Uta. 2001. *The Social Thought of Talcott Parsons: Methodology and American Ethos.* Ashgate Publishers.
* Gerhardt, Uta. 2002. *Talcott Parsons: An Intellectual Biography.* Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-81022-1.
* Hallen, G. C., Martin U. Martel, Rajeshwar Prasad, et Michael V. Belok, eds. 1977. *Essays on the Sociology of Parsons: a felicitation volume in honor of Talcott Parsons.* Meerut: Indian Journal of Social Research.
* Hart, Christopher, ed. 2009. Talcott Parsons: A Collection of Essays in Honour of Talcott Parsons. Chester: Midrash, 2009. ISBN 978-1-905984-13-8.
* Hart, Christopher, ed. 2008. *Talcott Parsons: Theory, Development, and Applications: Essays Examining the Relevance of Parsonian Theory in the 21st Century.* Kingswinford: Midrash Publishing 2008. 
* Adrian C. Hayes, ''A semi-formal explication of Talcott Parsons' general theory of action and evolutionary perspective.* Advisor: Martin U. Martel. Dissertatio doctoralis, Brown University, 1976.
* Stephan Hein, *Konturen des Rationalen: zu einem Grundmotiv im Theoriewerk von Talcott Parsons.* Konstanz: UVK Verlagsgesellschaft, 2009.
* Manuel Herrera Gómez. 2005. *La cultura de la sociedad en Talcott Parsons.* Universidad de Navarra, 2005.
* Holton, Robert J., et Bryan S. Turner. 1986. *Talcott Parsons on Economy and Society.* Londinii: Routledge.
* Jens Jetzkowitz and Carsten Stark (Hrsg.) *Soziologischer Functionalismus: zur Methodologie einer Theorietradition.*VS Verlag, 2003.
* Benton Johnson, *Functionalism in Modern Sociology: Understanding Talcott Parsons.* Morristown Novae Caesareae, 1976.
* Elizabeth Suzanne Kassab, *The theory of Social Action in the Schutz-Parsons debate." Editions Universitaries Fribourg Suisse, 1991.
* Paul Kellermann, *Kritik einer Soziologie der Ordnung. Organismus und System bei Comte, Spencer und Parsons.* Friburgi: Rombach, 1967.
* A.H.M. Kerkhoff, ''De samenleving in schema's: een inleiding in het sociologische denken van Talcott Parsons.* Budel: Damon, 2007.
* Kwang-ki Kim, *Order and Agency: Talcott Parsons, Erving Goffman and Harold Garfinkel.* State University of New York Press, 2002.
* Tanja Kohlpoth, *Systemtheorie und struktur-individualistischer Ansatz in den International Beziehungen.* Kassel University Press, 1999.
* Tanja Kohlpoth, *Gesellschaftsbild und Soziologische Theorie: Talcott Parsons' Funktionalismus im Kontext der gesellschaftlichen Entwicklung der USA in den 1950s and 1960s.* Kassel University Press, June 2006. (Dissertation: Advisors: Eike Henning & Werner Ruf.)
* Jan Künzler, *Medien und Gesellschaft: die Medienkonzepte von Talcott Parsons, Jürgen Habermas und Niklas Luhmann.* Stutgartiae: F. Enke, 1989.
* P.N. Lackey, *Invitation to Talcott Parsons' Theory.* Houdton: Cap and Gown Press, 1987.
* Bernd M. Lindenberg, *Vorüberlegungen zu einer Theorie der modernen Industriegesellschaft: Kant, Weber und Parsons in systemtheoretischer Perspektive.* Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, 1984.
* Jan J. Loubser, Rainer C. Baum, Andrew Effrat and Victor Lidz (eds.) *Explorations in General Theory in Social Science.* 2 volumes. Novi Eboraci: The Free Press, 1976.
* Herrera Gómez Manuel, *La cultura de la sociedad en Talcott Parsons.* Cizur Menor, Navarra: Thomas Aranzadi, 2005.
* Alberto Marinelli, *Struttura dell'ordine e funzione del diritto: saggio su Parsons.* Mediolani: F. Angeli, 1988.
* Realino Marra, *Talcott Parsons. Valori, norme, comportamento deviante*, «Materiali per una storia della cultura giuridica», XXXIV-2, 2004, 315-27.
* Bernhard Miebach, *Strukturalistische Handlungstheorie: Zur Verhältnis von soziologischer Theorie und empirischer Forschung in Werk Talcott Parsons.* Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag, 1984.
* Laurence S. Moss and Andrew Savchenko (eds.) *Talcott Parsons: Economic Sociologist of the 20th Century.* Blackwell, 2006.
* Hans-Peter Müller, *Talcott Parsons.* Utb, 2004.
* Richard Münch, *Theory of Action: Towards a New Synthesis Going Beyond Parsons.* Londinii: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1987.
* Nolte, Helmut. 1970. *Psychoanalyse und Soziologie: Die Systemtheorien Sigmund Freuds und Talcott Parsons.* Bernae: Huber.
* Michael Opielka, *Gemeinschaft in Gesellschaft: Soziologie nach Hegel und Parsons.* VS Verlag, 2004.
* R. Prandini (ed.) *Talcott Parsons.* Mediolani: Bruno Mondatori, 1998.
* Sven Paschke, *Talcott Parsons - Theoretische Ansatze Und Ihr Bezug Zur Wirklichkeit." Grin Verlag, 2007.
* Gabriele Pollini & Giuseppe Sciortino (eds). ''Parsons' The Structure of Social Action and Contemporary Debates.* Mediolani: FrancoAngeli, 2001.
* Tuk-Sang Pyun, *Science, social science, and society: natural images in Talcott Parsons' social theory.* Dissertatio doctoralis, Department of the History of Science, Harvard University, 2002.
* Stan Rifkin, *The Parsons Game: The First Simulation of Talcott Parsons' General Theory of Action.* Dissertatio docoralis, The George Washington University, Washington, DC., 2004.
* Robertson, Roland, et & Bryan S. Turner, eds. 1991. *Talcott Parsons: Theorist of Modernity.* Londinii: Sage Publications.
* Guy Rocher, *Talcott Parsons and American Sociology.* Londinii: Nelson, 1974.
* Segre Sandro, *Talcott Parsons: Un'introduzione.* Carocci, 2009.
* Karl-Heinz Saurwein, *Ökonomie und soziologische Theoriekonstruction: Zur Bedeutung ökonomischer Theorieelemente in the Socialtheorie Talcott Parsons.* Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag, 1988.
* Stephen P. Savage, *The Theories of Talcott Parsons: The Social Relations of Action.* Londinii: Macmillan, 1981.
* Wolfgang Schluchter (ed.) *Verhaten, Handeln, und System: Talcott Parsons' Beitrag zur der Socialwissenschaften.* Francofurti: Schurkamp Verlag, 1980.
* Wolfgang Schluchter, *Grundlegungen der Soziologie: eine Theoriegeschichte.* Band 2. Tubingae: Mohr Siebeck, 2007.
* Michael Schmid, *Sozialtheorie und soziales System: Versuche über Talcott Parsons.* Neubiberg: Institut für Soziologie und Gesellschaftspolitik, Universität der Bundeswehr, Fakultät für Pädagogik, 1989.
* Thomas Schwinn, *Jenseit von Subjecivismus und Objektivismus: Max Weber, Alfred Schütz und Talcott Parsons.* Berolini: Dunker & Humblot, 1993.
* Mark Shields, *Vision and Logic in Social Evolutionary Theory: A Comparative Study of Talcott Parsons and Jurgen Habermas.* Advisor: Martin U. Martel. Dissertatio Ph.D., Brown University, 1985.
* Helmut Staubmann, *Die Kommunikation von Gefühlen: Ein Beitrag zur Soziologie der Ästhetic aud der Grundlage von Talcott Parsons' Allgemeiner Theorie des Handelns.* Berolini: Duncker & Humblot, 1995.
* Helmut Staubman and Harald Wenzel (eds.),*Talcott Parsons: Zur Aktualität eines Theorieprogramms.* Wiesbaden: Westdeutscher Verlag, 2000.
* Helmut Staubmann (ed.) *Action Theory: Methodological Studies.* LIT-Verlag Berlin-Hamburg-Münster, 2006.
* Helmut Staubmann and Victor Lidz (eds). *Talcott Parsons: Actor, Situation, and Normative Pattern: An Essay in the Theory of Social Action.* Vindobonae: LIT, 2009.
* Alexander Stingl, *Between Discursivity and Sensus Communis: Kant, Kantianism and the Social Media Theory of Talcott Parsons.* Inaugural-Dissertation, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, ed. for publication, OPUS Erlangen-Nürnberg University Press, 2008.
* Jiñ Subrt (ed.) *Talcott Parsons a jeho prinos soudobé sociologické teori. (Talcott Parsons and his Contribution to Contemporary Sociological Theory).* Pragae: Karolinum, 2006.
* Kazuyoski Takagi, *The Theoretical System of Talcott Parsons.'' 1986. (Iaponice).
* Ken'ichi Tominaga, *Shakai hendô riron (The theory of Social Change).* 1965.
* A. Javier Trevinõ (ed.), *Talcott Parsons Today: His Theory and Legacy in Contemporary Sociology.* Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2001.
* A. Javier Trevino, *Talcott Parsons on law and the legal system*, Newcastle, Cambridge Scholars, 2008.
* Herman Turk & Richard L. Simpson (eds.) *Institutions and Social Exchange: The Sociologies of Talcott Parsons and George C. Homans.* Indianapoli et Novi Eboraci: The Bobbs-Merill Co., 1971.
* Bruce C. Wearne, *The Theory and Scholarship of Talcott Parsons to 1951: A Critical Commentary.* Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press, 1989.
* Harald Wenzel, ''Die Ordnung des Handelns - Talcott Parsons' Theorie des allgemeinen Handlungssystems.* Francofurti: Suhrkamp, 1990.
* Kiyomitsu Yui, *Development of Voluntaristic Theory of Action in American Sociology.* (Japanese) Dissertatio Ph.D., Kobe University, 1992.
* Yui, Kiyomitsu. 2002. *Parsons and Sociology Today.* Sekaisisosha, Kyoto.
* Yui, Kiyomitsu. 2004. *Invitation to Parsons Renaissance.'' Keisoshobo, Tokyo.
* Zander, Norbert. 1988. Methodologische Prinzipen der Soziologie von Talcott Parsons: Wege zur Soziologie. Dissertatio doctoralis, Universität Gesamthochschule Duisberg.

## Notae 
## Nexus externi 
* "Pattern Variables," www.sociology.org.uk
* "Review materials for studying Talcott Parsons," www.bolenderinitiatives.com
* "Talcott Parsons Study Group," www.talcottparsonsstudies.org
 

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