Index lepidopterorum Indiae (Pieridae)

Hic commentarius est index papilionum familiae Pieridarum in India endemicorum. Is est pars pleni indicis lepidopterorum Indiae.

Familia Pieridae sunt papiliones parvi vel magnitudinis mediocris. Nomina Anglica ad duos colores praecipuos in alis, cum signis nigris, spectat.

Ex speciebus 1051 quae per orbem terrarum inveniuntur, 81 species in 21 generibus in India habitant.

[thumb|400px|*[Delias eucharis* est Pierida vivide colorata, in Asia Australi inventa.]] 

## Distinctae familiae proprietates
* Margines alarum usitate constantes; alae posteriores numquam caudatae.
* Crura anteriora in ambobus sexibus evoluta.
* Alae posteriores in abdomine canalizatae ut in abdomine aptent.
 
## Classificatio
Familiae Pieridis sunt quattuor subfamiliae, quarum Pierinae et Coliadinae in India inveniuntur.
* **Pierinae** (Anglice *whites*)
* **Coliadinae** (Anglice *yellows*)
* **Dismorphiinae** (sex genera papilionum neotropica et unum genus, *Leptidea,* in regione Palearctica, sed in India non inventa)
* **Pseudopontiinae** (una species, in Africa Occidentali tropica)

## Subfamilia *Pierinae* (Anglice *whites*)
### Genus *Aporia* (Anglice *blackveins*)
**Aporia peloria* Hewitson, 1853
**Aporia leucodice* (Eversman, 1843) 
**Aporia nabellica* (Boisduval, 1836)
**Aporia harrietae* (de Nicéville, 1892) 
**Aporia agathon* (Gray, 1832)

### Genus *Baltia* (Anglice *dwarfs*)
**Baltia shawi* (Bates, 1873)
**Baltia butleri* Alphéraky, 1889 
 
### Genus *Pieris* (Anglice *whites*)
**Pieris chumbiensis* de Nicéville, 1897
**Pieris kreuperi devta* (de Nicéville, 1884)
**Pieris napi* Linnaeus, 1767 
**Pieris naganum* Moore, 1884 
**Pieris deota* (de Nicéville, 1884)
**Pieris brassicae* Linnaeus, 1758
**Pieris canidia* Linnaeus, 1768
**Pieris rapae* Linnaeus, 1758

### Genus *Pontia* (Anglice *bath whites*)
**Pontia chloridice * Hübner, 1803/18
**Pontia callidis kalora* (Moore, 1865)
**Pontia daplidice* Carolus Linnaeus, 1758

### Genus *Anaphaeis* (Anglice *pioneers*)
**Pioneer (Caper White), *Anaphaeis aurota* Fabricius, 1793

### Genus *Cepora* (Anglice *gulls*)
**Cepora nerissa* Fabricius, 1775
**Cepora nadina* Lucas, 1852

### Genus *Ixias* (Anglice *Indian orange tips*)
**Ixias marianne* Cramer, 1779
**Ixias pyrene* Linnaeus, 1764

### Genus *Delias* (Anglice *jezebels*)
**Delias agostina* Hewitson, 1852
**Delias eucharis* Drury, 1773
**Delias hyparete* Linnaeus, 1758
**Delias belladonna* Fabricius, 1793
**Delias sanaca* (Moore,1857)
**Delias berinda* (Moore,1872)
**Delias descombesi* Boisduval, 1836
**Delias pasithoe* Linnaeus, (?)
**Delias acalis* Godart, 1819

### Genus *Prioneris* (Anglice  *sawtooths*)
**Prioneris thestylis* Doubleday, 1842
**Prioneris sita* C. Felder, 1865
**Prioneris clemanthe* Doubleday, 1846

### Genus *Appias* (Anglice *puffins, albatrosses*)
**Appias lalage* (Doubleday, 1842)
**Appias indra* Moore, 1857
**Appias libythea* Fabricius, 1775
**Appias olferna* Fabricius, 1775
**Appias lyncida* Cramer, 1777
**Appias albina* Felder
**Appias wardii* (Moore, 1884)
**Appias nero galba* (Wallace, 1867)
**Appias panda chrysea* Fruhstorfer, 1903

### Genus *Leptosia* (Anglice  *psyche*)
**Leptosia nina* Fabricius, 1793

### Genus *Euchloe* (Anglice  *little whites*)
**Euchloe charlonia lucilla* Butler, 1886
**Euchloe ausonia dephalis* Hübner 1803

### Genus *Hebomoia* (Anglice  *great orange tips*)
**Hebomoia glaucippe* Linnaeus, 1758

### Genus *Colotis* (Anglice *arabs*)
**Colotis amata* Fabricius, 1775
**Colotis phisadia* (Godart, 1819)
**Colotis vestalis* (Butler, 1876)
**Colotis fausta* (Olivier, 1804)
**Colotis etrida* Boisduval, 1836
**Colotis eucharis* Fabricius, 1775
**Colotis danae* (Fabricius, 1775)

### Genus *Pareronia* (Anglice  *wanderers*)
**Pareronia avatar* (Moore, 1858)
**Pareronia ceylanica* (C. & R. Felder, 1865)
**Pareronia valeria* (Cramer, 1776)

## Subfamilia *Coliadinae* (Anglice *yellows*)
### Genus *Catopsilia* (Anglice *emigrants*)
**Catopsilia pomona* Fabricius, 1775
**Catopsilia pyranthe* Latreille, 1758

### Genus *Gonepteryx* (Anglice *brimstones*)
**Gonepteryx rhamni* Latreille, 1758
**Gonepteryx mahaguru* Ménétriés, 1859

### Genus *Dercas* (Anglice *sulphurs*)
**Dercas verhuelli* (Hoeven, 1839)
**Dercas lycorias* (DoubleDay, 1842)

### Genus *Eurema* (Anglice *grass yellows*)
**Eurema andersonii* Moore
**Eurema blanda* Boisduval, 1836
**Eurema brigitta* Cramer, 1780
**Eurema hecabe* Linnaeus, 1758
**Eurema lacteola* Distant, 1886
**Eurema laeta* Boisduval, 1836
**Eurema nilgiriensis*

### Genus *Gandaca* (Anglice *tree yellows*)
**Gandaca harina* (Horsfield, 1829)

### Genus *Colias* (Anglice *clouded yellows*)
**Colias berylla* Fawcett, 1904
**Colias croceus* Geoffroy, 1785
**Colias dubia* Elwes, 1906
**Colias eogene* C. Felder, 1865
**Colias hyale* Linnaeus, 1758
**Colias ladakensis* C. Felder, 1865
**Colias nilgiriensis***Colias nina* Fawcett, 1904
**Colias stoliczkana* Moore
**Colias thrasibulus* Fabricius, 1910

## Vita
***Ovum.** Ova sunt longa, ampulliformia, per latera costata, plerumque alba, sed ad ultimum ad flavum vel aurantium, vel maculis rubris praedita. 
***Larva.**  Larvae sunt cylindricae et lenes, plerumque tuberculis setosis tectae, plerumque virides, pallescentibus lineis in longitudinem praeditae.
***Chrysalis.** Chrysalis est angularis, capite acuto, in longo naso aliquando producto.

## Victus
Plantae quibus vescuntur multo inter se variant; est autem principium generale: Pierinae plerumque *Capparidaceis,* flavi plerumque *Leguminosis* vescuntur.

## Bibliographia
* Evans, W. H. 1932. *The Identification of Indian Butterflies.* Ed. 2a. Mumbai: Bombay Natural History Society.
* Gaonkar, Harish. 1996. Butterflies of the Western Ghats, India (including Sri Lanka): A Biodiversity Assessment of a threatened mountain system. *Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society.* 
* Gay, Thomas, Isaac Kehimkar, et J. C. Punetha. 1992. *Common Butterflies of India.* Mumbai: WWF-India et Oxford University Press.
* Haribal, Meena. 1994. *Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and their Natural History.*
* Kunte, Krushnamegh. 2005. *Butterflies of Peninsular India.* Universities Press.
* Wynter-Blyth, M.A. 1957. *Butterflies of the Indian Region.'' Mumbai: Bombay Natural History Society.

## Nexus externi
* Idaho Museum of Natural History, imnh.isu.edu
* "Indian Butterflies - Pieridae", nerdybirders.com
* LepIndex, NHM, London, nhm.ac.uk
* "A modern classification of the Pieridae", science.oregonstate.edu (Butterfly Net International)

Categoria:Indices rerum naturalium
Categoria:Lepidoptera Asiae
Categoria:Lepidoptera Indiae
*India