Via lactea

[thumb|upright=1.2|Via lactea, [galaxias spiralis. Adumbratio anno 2013 a Roberto Hurt confecta]]

**Via lactea,** vel **orbis lacteus,** est galaxias, in quo habitamus nos. Quae enim, diametro circiter 100&thinsp;000 annorum luce mensorum et crassitudine fere 12&thinsp;000 a.l.m., stellarum 219&thinsp;000&thinsp;000&thinsp;000 vel plura continet, inter quos Sol et huius systema planetarium Tellus includens.

## Nomen 
[thumb|Despectus in viam lacteam et ad sidera [Sagittarius (constellatio)|Sagittarii versus, e deserto Black Rock Nivatae visus et bulbum galacticum monstrans]]
[thumb|upright=1.2|[Galaxia UGC 12158, qui viae lacteae similis esse visu putatur]]
Nomen a specie fasciae lacteae obscure ardentis transque caelum nocturnum arcuantis deducitur, in qua stellae singulae oculis nudis distingui non possunt. Via lactea fasciae speciem ostendit, quia compages eius orbis similis est, ex interiore visa. Ovidius primus inter auctores nobis notos hoc nomen refert in *Metamorphosibus* suis, ubi de convivio et concilio deorum apud Iovem celebratis narrat:
:Est **via** sublimis, caelo manifesta sereno:
:**lactea** nomen habet, candore notabilis ipso.
:Hac iter est superis ad magni tecta Tonantis
:regalemque domum.
Iam ante Ovidium Cicero in opere, quod *de re publica* scripsit, appellatione usus est *orbis lactei*:
:Ea vita via est in caelum et in hunc coetum eorum, qui iam vixerunt et corpore laxati illum incolunt locum, quem vides. (Erat autem is splendidissimo candore inter flammas circus elucens.) Quem vos, ut a Graiis accepistis, **orbem lacteum** nuncupatis. 

Haec appellatio a Graeco  mutuata est, quamquam in textibus nobis cognitis  loco substantivo primum et ante Ciceronem reperitur.  apud posteriores invenitur. Ob similitudinem certam in mythis narratur hoc nomen *orbis* vel *circuli lactei* provenisse de profusione lactis Iunonis sive Herculem sive Mercurium infantem nutrientis.

## Cosmographia 
[thumb|Locus Solis in via lactea - [Angulus|Anguli longitudines in ratione coordinatorum galactica significant.]]
[thumb|[Stellae in vico solari]]
Galaxias quem viam lacteam appellamus est pars gregis propinqui (*local group*), galaxiam propinquum Andromedae aliosque comprehendentis, qui ipse pars est supercumuli Virginis (*Virgo supercluster*) galaxias fere centum includentis, qui iterum pars est maioris supercumuli Laniakea (*Laniakea supercluster*), anno 2014 reperti, galaxiarum circiter centum milia comprehendentis.

Via lactea in medio bulbum habet, e quo emergere videntur bracchia spiralia fere quattuor, scilicet Persei, Normae et ulterius, Scuti-Centauri et Carinae-Sagittarii; inter bracchia Persei et Scuti-Centauri iacet Calcar Orionis, ubi Sol noster reperitur.

Plures sunt galaxiae minores qui circum Viam Lacteam moventur, quorum maximi et clarissimi sunt duae nubeculae a Ferdinando Magellano descriptae, Nubecula Maior et Nubecula Minor. Tales galaxiae tantummodo ex hemisphaerio australi Telluris conspiciuntur.

## Notae 
## Bibliographia 
*Barentsen, Geert, H. J. Farnhill, J. E. Drew, et al. 2014. The second data release of the INT Photometric Hα Survey of the Northern Galactic Plane (IPHAS DR2). *Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society* 444: 3230-3257. Vide et nuntium brevem: "219 million stars: a detailed catalogue of the visible Milky Way."
*Benjamin, Robert A., E. Churchwell, B. L. Babler, R. Indebetouw. 2005. First GLIMPSE Results on the Stellar Structure of the Galaxy. *Astrophysical Journal* 630: L149–L152.
*Buser, R. 2000. The formation and early evolution of the Milky Way galaxy. *Science* 287(5450): 69–74. Epitome.
*Camargo, D., C. Bonatto, E. Bica. 2015. Tracing the Galactic spiral structure with embedded clusters. *Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society* vol. 450. Epitome.
* Xiaodian Chen et al. 2019. "An intuitive 3D map of the Galactic warp's precession traced by classical Cepheids" in *Nature Astronomy Letters*
*Chicappini, Cristina. 2001. The Formation and Evolution of the Milky Way. *American Scientist,* Nov./Dec., 506–515.
*Dambeck, Thorsten. 2008. Gaia's Mission to the Milky Way. *Sky and Telescope,* Mar., 36–39.
*Gupta, A., S. Mathur, Y. Krongold, F. Nicastro, et M. Galeazzi. 2012. A huge reservoir of ionized gas around the Milky Way: Accounting for the Missing Mass? *Astrophysical Journal* 756: L8 ff.
*Hammer, F., M. Puech, L. Chemin, H. Flores, et M. Lehnert. 2007. The Milky Way: An Exceptionally Quiet Galaxy; Implications for the formation of spiral galaxies *Astrophysical Journal* vol. 662: 322–334.
*Hou, L. G., J. L. Han, et W. B. Shi. 2009. The spiral structure of our Milky Way Galaxy. *Astronomy and Astrophysics* 499: 473 ff.
*Kafle, Prajwal R., Sanjib Sharma, Geraint F. Lewis, et Joss Bland-Hawthorn. 2014. On the Shoulders of Giants: Properties of the Stellar Halo and the Milky Way Mass Distribution. ''Astrophysical Journal.'
*McMillan, P. J. 2011. Mass models of the Milky Way. *Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society* 414: 2446–2457.
*Majaess, Daniel J. 2010. Concerning the Distance to the Center of the Milky Way and Its Structure. *Acta Astronomica* 60: 55 ff.
*Mel'nik, A. M., et P. Rautiainen. 2009. Kinematics of the outer pseudorings and the spiral structure of the Galaxy. *Astronomy Letters* 35: 609-624. Epitome.
*Mutch, Simon J. Darren J. Croton, et Gregory B. Poole. 2011. The mid-life crisis of the Milky Way and M31. *Astrophysical Journal* 736.
*Rix, Hans-Walter, et Jo Bovy. 2013. The Milky Way's Stellar Disk. *Astronomy and Astrophysics Review* 21: 61 ff.
*Sale, S. E., J. E. Drew, C. Knigge, et al. 2010. The structure of the outer Galactic disc as revealed by IPHAS early A stars. *Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society* 402: 713–723.
*Urquhart, J. S., C. C. Figura, et T. J. T. Moore. 2013. The RMS Survey: Galactic distribution of massive star formation. *Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.*
*Yin, J., J. L. Hou, et N. Prantzos. 2009. Milky Way vs Andromeda: a tale of two disks. *Astronomy and Astrophysics* vol. 505: 497–508.

*Astrophysica
*Cosmologia
*Corona galactica

## Nexus externi 
* *Galaxy Map*
** "Basic plan of the Milky Way" ibidem
** "The Milky Way Explorer" ibidem
* "The Milky Way Galaxy" apud *Students for the Exploration and Development of Space*
* *Sky-Map.org* (tabula cosmographica)
* "The MultiWavelength Milky Way" apud NASA
* "VISTA Telescope: 9 billion pixel photo of a Milky Way" (Observatorium Australe Europaeum)
* "Milky Way" apud situm *Alien Worlds* (Universitas Cambriae Meridianae)
* *The Planck One-Year All-Sky Survey*

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Categoria:Grex propinquus