Philemon albitorques

***Philemon albitorques,*** vulgo **chauka** (Anglice: *white-naped friarbird, Manus friarbird*; Francice: *polochion à nuque blanche*; Theodisce: *Manuslederkopf*; Hispanice: *filemón nuquiblanco*), est species avis familiae Meliphagidarum, in Insulis Manusianis, in Insulis Admiraltatis in septentrionali Papuae Novae Guineae Archipelago Bismarckiano endemica. Habitatio naturalis est subtropicae tropicaeve silvae humiles humidaeque, ubi superspeciem cum *P. fuscicapillo, P. subcorniculato, P. moluccensi, P. plumigeni, P. buceroida, P. cockerelli,* et *P. eichhorni* constituit, quam ad unam speciem monotypicam pertinuisse olim habita est.
[thumb|left|[Vexillum Provinciae Manusianae *Philemonem albitorquem* et quinque cochleas ostentat.]]

Mares feminaeque colorum sunt similes, praecipue plumbei albidique, unde eorum sexus solum magnitudine distinguitur: femina est minor, mas maior, et eorum voces magnitudinibus respondent.

Vexillum Provinciae Manusianae flavam *Philemonis albitorquis* in volatu imaginem fert (Minol 2000).

In cultura Manusiana, haec avis est signum hominum multiloquacium. Quidam insulanus ait: "Nos Manusiani nugas garrire sicut chauka malumus. Audemus contionem habere quod nos Manusiani in multis rebus sumus habiles, sed profecto, nostrae avis chaukae simillimi sumus: periti solum evomendi." Secundum naturam, "chauka, avis tantum in Provincia Manusiana inventa, primam nuntiat lucem, occasumque praedicat solis; de periculis saepe admonet, numque venatus sit prosper vaticinatur."

Sunameke, Australianus perfunctionis grex, in Spectaculo Pulchritudinis Pacifici Australis Suvae Vitiorum anno 2009 facto, fabulam *Clamorem Chaukae* (Anglice: *Chauka Calling*) egit, quo ipsa avis fuit signum admonitionis de periculo Insularum Pacificarum propter calefactionem mundi.

## Notae 
## Bibliographia 
### In ornithologia 
* Coates, Brian J. 1990. *The Birds of Papua New Guinea.* 2 vol. Alderley, Terra Reginae, Australia: Dove Publications. ISBN 0-9590257-1-5. Photographema, p. 255.

* Kisokau, K. 1974. "Bibliography of the wildlife of the Admiralty Islands." *Science in New Guinea* 2(3):263–264.

* Mayr, Ernst, et Jared Diamond. 2001. *The Birds of Northern Melanesia.* Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-514170-9.

* Monroe, Burt, Jr., et Charles G. Sibley. 1997. *A World Checklist of Birds.* Portus Novus: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07083-5.

* Ripley, S. D. 1947. "A Report on the Birds Collected by Logan Bennett on Nissan Island and the Admiralty Islands." *Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences* 37:95–102.

* Rothschild, et Hartet. 1914. "The Birds of the Admiralty Islands, North of New Guinea." *Novitates Zoologicae* 21:281–299.

* Scheps, B., et W. Liedtke. 1992. *Bibliographie deutschsprachiger kolonialer Literatur zu Quellen der Ethnographie und Geschichte der Bevölkerung von Kaiser Wilhelms-Land, dem Bismarck-Archipel und den Deutschen Salomon-Inseln 1880–1914, annotiert.* Ozeanien-Bibliographie, 1. Dresden: Staatliches Museum für Völkerkunde.

* Sclater, P. L. 1877. "Reports on the Collection of Birds Made during the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger: III, On the Birds of the Admiralty Islands." *Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London* 551–557.

* Sclater, P. L. 1881. *Report of the Birds Collected during the Voyage of HMS Challenger.* London: HMSO. Cum triginta "hand-coloured lithographic plates" ex imaginibus a Iosepho Smit pictis.

### In litteris 
* Beresford, C. E. 1965. *Legends of Manus.* Melbourne.

* Kais, Kakah, et Bernard Stephen Minol, eds. 1996. *The Stories of Pokop of Pohyomou.* Praefatio a Stephano P. Pokawin scripta. Portu Moresbiensi: University of Papua New Guinea Press.

* Minol, Bernard Stephen, ed. 2000. *Manus from the Legends to Year 2000: A History of the People of Manus.* Papua Nova Guinea: University of Papua New Guinea Press.

* Wilson, Barbara Ker, et Donald S. Stokes. 1980. *The Turtle and the Island: Folk Tales from PNG.* Sydney: Hodder Headline Australia Children's Books. ISBN 978-9980-57-025-3.

### In arte 
Smit, Joseph. 1860. *White Naped Friarbird.* Ex avibus a navi H.M.S. *Challenger* conlectis.

## Nexus externi 
* BirdLife International. 2004. *Philemon albitorques.*
* BirdLife International. 2009. Species factsheet: Philemon albitorques.
* *Chauka Calling* (fabula, ludus scaenicus)
* The Internet Bird Collection. *the Internet Bird Collection* apud ibc.lynxeds.com
* IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2006. http://www.iucnredlist.org.
* Xeno-Canto (voces *Philemonis albitorquis* et aliarum avium praebet)

Categoria:Aves Papuae Novae Guineae
Categoria:Philemon
Categoria:Species animalium
Philemon
Categoria:Taxa Sclater
Categoria:Taxa 1877