Mahometus Iqbal

**Mahometus Iqbal** (lingua Urdu , *Muḥammad Iqbāl*), plerumque *Iqbāl* tantum appellatus, fuit poeta, politicus et philosophus Islamicus in India Britannica. Natus est Sialkot in urbe provinciae Pengabi die 9 Novembris 1877; mortem obiit Lahorii in eadem provincia die 21 Aprilis 1938. Inter auctores principales litterarum Urdu enumeratus, carmina tam Persice quam Urdu atque opera de philosophia politica et religione maxima parte Anglice scripsit. Creationem Pakistaniae taliter inspiravit ut hodie spiritualis Pakistaniae pater nuncupatur.

thumb|Shaikh Noor Muhammad, pater Mahometus Iqbal
Matre Mussulmana pia, patre sectae Sufi adhaerente, Muhammad Iqbal Sialkot et Lahorii in urbibus educatus est, eo aevo Indiae Britannicae, nunc provinciae Pengabi Pakistanensis subiectis. Collegium Missionis Scoticae in urbe nativa frequentavit, ubi litteras Persicas et Arabicas imbibit apud professorem . Mox in collegio Regiminis Lahorensi, discipulus professoris philosophiae Thomae Walker Arnold baccalaureatus est. Statim apud collegium Orientale in eadem urbe lector Arabicus factus, anno 1903 in collegio Regiminis lector philosophiae et oeconomiae factus est. Anno insequenti librum in lingua Urdu de scientia oeconomica edidit.

thumb|upright=0.8|Imam Bibi, mater Mahometus Iqbal
Anno 1905 Europam petivit. Collegium Trinitatis apud Cantabrigienses frequentavit,  Georgius Gulielmus Fridericus HegelHegeliani discipulus. Ibi  socium huius collegii litterarumque Persicarum lectorem et interpretem cognovit. Apud Hospitium Lincolniense Londinii causidicus acceptus est. Anno 1907 in universitate Ludovico-Maximilianea Monacensi gradum doctoris ascendit, dissertatione submissa quam mox Anglice sub titulo *The Development of Metaphysics in Persia* divulgari curavit. In Indiam reditus rursus philosophiam litterasque Anglicas apud collegium Regiminis Lahorense docuit.

[thumb|upright=0.8|Allama Mahometus Iqbal et [Javid Iqbal filius anno 1930]]
Anno 1911 causidicus operam dare coepit. His annis etiam carmina scribebat lingua Persica, philosophiam religionis Islamicae hoc modo evolvens. Liber *Asrar-i-Khudi* ("Secreta sui ipsius") anno 1915 prodit atque anno 1920 a Reynoldo Nicholson Cantabrigiensi Anglice versus est. Liber insequens *Rumuz-i-Bekhudi* anno 1917 prodit. Anno 1922 eques a Georgio V rege Britannico factus est propter opera litteraria.

## Opera 
; sermone Urdu
* 1904 : *Ilm-ul-Iqtisad* ("scientia oeconomica")
* 1924 : *Bang-i-Dara* Textus apud *Internet Archive*
* 1935 : *Bal-i-Jibril* Textus apud *Internet Archive*
* 1936 : *Zarb-i Kalim* Textus apud *Internet Archive*

; sermone Persico
* 1915 : *Asrar-i-Khudi*
* 1917 : *Rumuz-i-Bekhudi*
* 1923 : *Payam-i-Mashriq*
* 1927 : *Zabur-i-Ajam*
* 1932 : *Javid Nama*
* 1936 : *Pas Cheh Bayed Kard ai Aqwam-e-Sharq*
* 1938 : *Armughan-e-Hijaz*  Textus

; sermone Anglico
thumb|upright=1.25|Iqbal in hospitio a Foedere Nationali Londinii habito anno 1932
* 1908 : *The Development of Metaphysics in Persia* Textus apud *Internet Archive*
* 1930 : *Six Lectures on the Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam*
** editio aucta, 1934 : *The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam* Textus apud *Internet Archive*
* 1961 : *Stray Reflections*

## Notae 
## Bibliographia 
[thumb|Iqbal in [Afgania cum Salomone Nadavi et Ross Masood]]
; Editiones et versiones operum selectae
* *Kullīyāt-i Iqbāl* Textus apud *Internet Archive*
* Arthur J. Arberry, interpr., *The Mysteries of Selflessness* [Rumuz-i-Bekhudi]. Londinii, 1953 Textus apud *Internet Archive*
* Johann Christoph Bürgel, interpr., *Steppe im Staubkorn. Texte aus der Urdu-Dichtung Muhammad Iqbals*. Freiburg im Üechtland, 1982
* Javid Iqbal, Khurram Ali Shafique, edd., *Stray Reflections: The Private Notebook of Muhammad Iqbal*. 3a ed. Lahorii: Iqbal Academy Pakistan, 2006 Textus
* Victor G. Kiernan, interpr., *Poems from Iqbal*. Karachi, 1999
* David J. Matthews, interpr., *Iqbal: a selection and translation of the Urdu verse*. Londinii, 1993
* Axel Monte, Thomas Stemmer, interprr., *Die Wiederbelebung des religiösen Denkens im Islam*. Berolini: Hans Schiler, 2004
* Axel Monte, interpr., *Streunende Gedanken*. Monaci: Books Ex Oriente, 2012
* Mir Mustansir, interpr., *Tulip in the Desert: a selection of the poetry of Muhammad Iqbal*. Monte Regio: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2000
* 
* Annemarie Schimmel, interpr., *Das Buch der Ewigkeit (Javīdnāma), Übers. Annemarie Schimmel, München 1957
* Annemarie Schimmel, interpr., *Muhammad Iqbal, Botschaft des Ostens. Ausgewählte Werke*. Tubingae: Horst Erdmann, 1977. ISBN 3-7711-0268-5
* Syed Akbar Ali Shah, interpr., *Gabriel’s Wing* [Bal-i-Jibril]. Islamabad, 1979
* Syed Akbar Ali Shah, interpr., *The Rod of Moses* [Zarb-i Kalim]. Lahorii, 1983
* Eva de Vitray-Meyerovitch, interpr., *Mohammed Iqbal: Reconstruire la pensée de l’Islam*. Lutetiae: Adrien Maisonneuve, 1955
* Eva de Vitray-Meyerovitch, Mohammed Achena, interprr., *Mohammad Iqbal: Message de l’Orient*. Lutetiae: Les Belles Lettres, 1956
* Eva de Vitray-Meyerovitch, interpr., *Mohammad Iqbal: Le Livre de l’éternité*. Lutetiae: Albin Michel, 1962

[thumb|upright=1.25|[Sepulcrum Allama Mahometus Iqbal ad aditum Meschitae Badshahi Lahorii in urbe Pakistanica.]]
; Bibliographica
* Abdul Ghani, Khwaja Nur Ilahi, *Bibliography of Iqbal*. Lahorii, 1955[?]
* K. Abdul Waheed, *A Bibliography of Iqbal*. Karachi, 1965
* Malik Mueen Nawaz Azhar, *A Bibliography of Articles on Iqbal, 1900-1977*. Lahorii, 1978.
* Dieter Tailleu et al., *A Descriptive Bibliography of Allama Muhammad Iqbal (1877-1938)*. Lovanii, 2000

; De vita et opere
* "Special Report: The enduring vision of Iqbal 1877–1938" in *Dawn* (9 Novembris 2017)
* Hafeez Malik, ed., *Iqbal: Poet-Philosopher of Pakistan*. Novi Eboraci: Columbia University Press, 1971
** Hafeez Malik, Lynda P. Malik, "The Life of the Poet-Philosopher" in Malik, ed. (1971) pp. 3-35
* Lini S. May, *Iqbal: his life and times 1877–1938*. Lahorii: Sh. Muhammad Ashraf, 1974
* Mir Mustansir, *Iqbal*. Londinii: I. B. Tauris, 2006. ISBN 1-84511-094-3.
* Khurram Ali Shafique, *Iqbal: his life and our times*. Lahorii: Iqbal Academy Pakistan, 2014. ISBN 978-0-9571416-6-7
* Khurram Ali Shafique, *Iqbal: an illustrated biography*. Lahorii: Iqbal Academy Pakistan, 2006
* Iqbal Singh, *The Ardent Pilgrim: An introduction to the life and work of Muhammad Iqbal*. Londinii: Longmans, Green, 1951

; De philosophia
thumb|Mahometus Iqbal
* Abdennour Bidar, *L'Islam face à la mort de Dieu: Actualité de Mohammed Iqbal*. Lutetiae: François Bourin, 2010
* Souleymane Bachir Diagne, *Islam et société ouverte: La fidélité et le mouvement dans la philosophie d'Iqbal*. Lutetiae: Maisonneuve et Larose, 2001
* Souleymane Bachir Diagne, *Bergson postcolonial: L'élan vital dans la pensée de Léopold Sédar Senghor et de Mohamed Iqbal*. Lutetiae: CNRS éditions, 2011
* Riffat Hassan, *An Iqbal Primer: An introduction to Iqbal’s philosophy*. Lahorii: Aziz, 1979
* Annemarie Schimmel, *Gabriel's Wing: A study of the religious ideas of Sir Muhammad Iqbal*. Lugduni Batavorum: Brill, 1963
* Singh Sevea, *The Political Philosophy of Muhammad Iqbal: Islam and nationalism in late colonial India*. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press, 2012

; De litteris
* Anil Bhatti, "Iqbal and Goethe" in *Yearbook of the Goethe Society of India* (1999/2000) pp. 184-201
* Shamsur Rahman Faruqi, "How to Read Iqbal" in *Annual of Urdu Studies'' vol. 20 (2005)
* 
* Gerald Zarr, "Muhammad Iqbal's Caravan of Verse" in *Aramco World* (Septembri 2012)

; Aliae encyclopaediae
* Riffat Hassan, "Iqbal, Muhammad (1877–1938)" in *Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy* (1998: situs venalis)
* Sheila D. McDonough, "Sir Muhammad Iqbal" in *Encyclopedia Britannica Online*
* Annemarie Schimmel, "Iqbal, Muhammad" in *Encyclopedia Iranica Online* (2004/2012)
* Annemarie Schimmel, "Ikbal" in *Encyclopaedia of Islam*, nova ed., vol. 3 (Lugduni Batavorum: Brill, 1998) pp. 1057–1059
* M. Shabbir Ahsen, "Iqbal, Muhammad (1877–1938)" in *The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Science, and Technology in Islam* (Oxonii, 2014) vol. 1 pp. 400-403 
* Bilgehan Yıldız, Siavash Saffari, "Iqbal, Muhammad (1877–1938)" in *Islam: A Worldwide Encyclopedia* (ABC-CLIO, 2017) vol. 2 pp. 733-737 

## Nexus externi 
* *Alifseye*, poemata Urdu Allama Iqbal, 16 Novembris 2016.
* Bibliotheca interretialis Iqbal.
* *The collection of Urdu poems: Columbia University.*
* *Allama Iqbal Urdu Poetry Collection.*
* *Dr. Sir Muhammad Iqbal*: situs de vita et opere
** "Biography" apud situm ''Dr. Sir Muhammad Iqba'
* Ghulam Hussain Malik, "Allama Muhammad Iqbal: Poet-philosopher of Pakistan" apud *Maverick Pakistanis*
* "Allama Muhammad Iqbal Philosopher, poet, and Political leader"
* Khurram Ali Shafique, "An extensive timeline of Allama Iqbal’s life"
* Tahir Gul Hasan, "Allama Iqbal: A letter to *The Times*"; "Iqbal at Close Range"; "Iqbal in Love with Emma Wegenast"

Categoria:Alumni Collegii Murray (Sialkot)
Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Cantabrigiensis
Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Heidelbergensis
Categoria:Professores Collegii Orientalis Lahorensis
Categoria:Professores Collegii Regiminis Lahorensis
Categoria:Auctores Anglici
Categoria:Auctores Persici
Categoria:Auctores Urdu
Categoria:Epistolographi
Categoria:Iuris consulti
Categoria:Philosophi Islamici
Categoria:Poetae Pakistaniae
Categoria:Scriptores Pakistaniae