Cercopithecidae

**Cercopithecidae** sunt familia mammalium ordinis Primatum, cui sunt 138 species in viginti quattuor genera digestae, ut hic sit maxima familiae primatum. Inter latissime notas cercopithecidas sunt genera *Papio* et *Macaca,* praeter *Miopithecum,* *Cercopithecum,* *Colobum,* *Pygathrigem,* *Chlorocebum pygerythrum,* *Theropithecum gelada,* papioninos, colobinas, mandrillum, *Presbytidem,* *Erythrocebum patas,* et *Nasalem larvatum.* Hominoideis per rationes phylogeneticas plus quam platyrrhinis artius coniunguntur. A communi platyrrhinorum progenitore abhinc annorum 55 milliones fere deflexerunt.

Minimae cercopithecidae sunt species generis *Miopitheci,* capite et corpore a 34 ad 37 centimetra longis, a 0.7 ad 1.3 chiliogrammata ponderis. Maxima est *Mandrillus sphinx* mas, circiter 70 centimetra longus, et usque ad 50 chiliogrammata ponderis. Cercopithecidis sunt variae faciei proprietates: aliis est rostrum, aliis nasus planus; multae colores exhibent; plurimis sunt caudae, sed non prehensiles.
[thumb|upright=0.5|left|*[Cercocebus torquatus* iuvenis.]]

Cercopithecidae in Africa et Asia hodie endemicae sunt, varia circumiecta naturalia habitantes, inter quae silvae pluviales tropicae, savannae, terrae fruticum, et terrae montanae. Multas regiones Europaeas olim habitabant, sed soli superstites in Europa hodierna sunt *Macaca sylvanus* Gibraltariae; ignotum est, num in Gibraltaria ortae aut ad paeninsulam Ibericam ab hominibus importatae fuerint.

Nonnullae Cercopithecidae, sicut colobi, arboreales, aliaeque terrestria sunt, insigniter papiones. Plurimae sunt saltem aliquantulum omnivorae, sed omnes materiem plantarum malunt, quae maior eorum diaetarum pars est. Plurimae sunt callidi occasionis indagatores, fructus plerumque consumentes, sed paene omnibus cibis, qui praesto sunt, sicut floribus, foliis, bulbis, rhizomatibus, insectis, cochleis, parvis mammalibus, etiam adeo quisquiliis donisque humanis vescuntur.
 
## Classificatio 
[thumb|*[Semnopithecus johnii* adultus in Periyar National Park et Wildlife Sanctuary Keralae in India.]]
[thumb|upright=0.8|*[Semnopithecus hypoleucos.*]]
[thumb|upright=0.8|*[Trachypithecus johnii.*]]
[thumb|upright=0.8|*[Papio hamadryas.*]]
thumb|*Paracolobus chemeroni* fossilis
Duae subfamiliae agnoscuntur, Cercopithecinae, quae plerumque Africanae sunt, sed diversum macacarum Asiae Africaeque Septentrionalis genus comprehendunt, et Colobinae, quae plurima genera Asiana, sed etiam colobos Africanos comprehendunt. Classificatio Linnaeana, in superfamilia incipiens, sequitur.

* **Superfamilia Cercopithecoidea**
** † *Alophe*
** **Familia Cercopithecidae**
*** Subfamilia Cercopithecinae
**** Tribus Cercopithecini
***** Genus *Allenopithecus*
****** *Allenopithecus nigroviridis*
***** Genus *Miopithecus*
****** *Miopithecus talapoin*
****** *Miopithecus ogouensis*
***** Genus *Erythrocebus*
****** *Erythrocebus patas*
****** *Erythrocebus poliophaeus*
***** Genus *Chlorocebus*
****** *Chlorocebus sabaeus*
****** *Chlorocebus aethiops*
****** *Chlorocebus djamdjamensis*
****** *Chlorocebus tantalus*
****** *Chlorocebus pygerythrus*
****** *Chlorocebus cynosuros*
***** Genus *Cercopithecus*
****** *Cercopithecus dryas*
****** *Cercopithecus diana*
****** *Cercopithecus roloway*
****** *Cercopithecus nictitans*
****** *Cercopithecus mitis*
****** *Cercopithecus doggetti*
****** *Cercopithecus kandti*
****** *Cercopithecus albogularis*
****** *Cercopithecus mona*
****** *Cercopithecus campbelli*
****** *Cercopithecus lowei*
****** *Cercopithecus pogonias*
****** *Cercopithecus wolfi*
****** *Cercopithecus denti*
****** *Cercopithecus petaurista*
****** *Cercopithecus erythrogaster*
****** *Cercopithecus sclateri*
****** *Cercopithecus erythrotis*
****** *Cercopithecus cephus*
****** *Cercopithecus ascanius*
****** *Cercopithecus lhoesti*
****** *Cercopithecus preussi*
****** *Cercopithecus solatus*
****** *Cercopithecus hamlyni*
****** *Cercopithecus lomamiensis*
****** *Cercopithecus neglectus*
**** Tribus Papionini
***** Genus *Macaca*
****** *Macaca sylvanus*
****** *Macaca silenus*
****** *Macaca nemestrina*
****** *Macaca leonina*
****** *Macaca pagensis*
****** *Macaca siberu*
****** *Macaca maura*
****** *Macaca ochreata*
****** *Macaca tonkeana*
****** *Macaca hecki*
****** *Macaca nigrescens*
****** *Macaca nigra*
****** *Macaca fascicularis*
****** *Macaca arctoides*
****** *Macaca mulatta*
****** *Macaca cyclopis*
****** *Macaca fuscata*
****** *Macaca sinica*
****** *Macaca radiata*
****** *Macaca assamensis*
****** *Macaca thibetana*
****** *Macaca munzala*
****** *Macaca leucogenys*
***** Genus *Lophocebus*
****** *Lophocebus albigena*
****** *Lophocebus aterrimus*
****** *Lophocebus opdenboschi*
****** *Lophocebus ugandae*
****** *Lophocebus johnstoni*
****** *Lophocebus osmani*
***** Genus *Rungwecebus*
****** *Rungwecebus kipunji*
***** Genus *Papio*
****** *Papio hamadryas*
****** *Papio papio*
****** *Papio anubis*
****** *Papio cynocephalus*
****** *Papio ursinus*
***** Genus *Theropithecus*
****** *Theropithecus gelada*
***** Genus *Cercocebus*
****** *Cercocebus atys*
****** *Cercocebus torquatus*
****** *Cercocebus agilis*
****** *Cercocebus chrysogaster*
****** *Cercocebus galeritus*
****** *Cercocebus sanjei*
***** Genus *Mandrillus*
****** *Mandrillus sphinx*
****** *Mandrillus leucophaeus*
*** Subfamilia Colobinae
**** Grex Africanus
***** Genus *Colobus*
****** *Colobus satanas*
****** *Colobus angolensis*
****** *Colobus polykomos*
****** *Colobus vellerosus*
****** *Colobus guereza*
***** Genus *Piliocolobus*
****** *Piliocolobus badius*
****** *Piliocolobus pennantii*
****** *Piliocolobus preussi*
****** *Piliocolobus tholloni*
****** *Piliocolobus foai*
****** *Piliocolobus epieni*
****** *Piliocolobus tephrosceles*
****** *Piliocolobus gordonorum*
****** *Piliocolobus kirkii*
****** *Piliocolobus rufomitratus*
***** Genus *Procolobus*
****** *Procolobus verus*
**** Grex
***** Genus *Semnopithecus*
****** *Semnopithecus schistaceus*
****** *Semnopithecus ajax*
****** *Semnopithecus hector*
****** *Semnopithecus entellus*
****** *Semnopithecus hypoleucos*
****** *Semnopithecus dussumieri*
****** *Semnopithecus priam*
***** Genus *Trachypithecus*
****** Grex *T. vetulus*
******* *Trachypithecus vetulus*
******* *Trachypithecus johnii*
****** Grex *T. cristatus*
******* *Trachypithecus auratus*
******* *Trachypithecus cristatus*
******* *Trachypithecus germaini*
******* *Trachypithecus barbei*
****** Grex *T. obscurus*
******* *Trachypithecus obscurus*
******* *Trachypithecus phayrei*
****** Grex *T. pileatus*
******* *Trachypithecus pileatus*
******* *Trachypithecus shortridgei*
******* *Trachypithecus geei*
****** Grex *T. francoisi*
******* *Trachypithecus francoisi*
******* *Trachypithecus hatinhensis*
******* *Trachypithecus poliocephalus*
******* *Trachypithecus laotum*
******* *Trachypithecus delacouri*
******* *Trachypithecus ebenus*
***** Genus *Presbytis*
****** *Presbytis melalophos*
****** *Presbytis femoralis*
****** *Presbytis chrysomelas*
****** *Presbytis siamensis*
****** *Presbytis frontata*
****** *Presbytis comata*
****** *Presbytis thomasi*
****** *Presbytis hosei*
****** *Presbytis rubicunda*
****** *Presbytis potenziani*
****** *Presbytis natunae*
**** Grex nasorum imparium
***** Genus *Pygathrix*
****** *Pygathrix nemaeus*
****** *Pygathrix nigripes*
****** *Pygathrix cinerea*
***** Genus *Rhinopithecus*
****** *Rhinopithecus roxellana*
****** *Rhinopithecus bieti*
****** *Rhinopithecus brelichi*
****** *Rhinopithecus avunculus*
****** *Rhinopithecus strykeri*
***** Genus *Nasalis*
****** *Nasalis larvatus*
***** Genus *Simias*
****** *Simias concolor*
***** Genus † *Mesopithecus*
****** † *Mesopithecus monspessulanu*
****** † *Mesopithecus pentelici*

### Systemata socialia 
[thumb|*[Macaca fascicularis|Macacae fasciculares* greges constituere solent.]]
In plurimis speciebus filiae cum matribus continuo manent, qua pro causa fundamentalis grex socialis inter cercopithecidas matrilinealis recte describitur. Mares adolescentes gregem relinquunt et se cum alio grege consociant. In multis speciebus, unus mas adultus intra quemque gregem solus habitat, omnes rivales abigens, sed mares potentissimi in aliis speciebus magis tolerantes sunt, coniunctiones hierarchicas inter mares auctoritate pollentis maresque subiectos constituentes. Magnitudines gregum late variant, etiam intra species, in copia cibi aliorumque opium naturalium positae.

## Notae 
## Bibliographia 
* Brandon-Jones, Douglas, et Thelma E. Rowell. 1984. "Guenons, Macaques and Baboons." In *The Encyclopedia of Mammals.* ed. David W. Macdonald, 370–405. Novi Eboraci: Facts on File. ISBN 0-87196-871-1. Editio interretialis.
* Ciani, Andrea Camperio, Loredana Martinoli, Claudio Capiluppi, Mohamed Arahou, et Mohamed Mouna. N.d. "Effects of Water Availability and Habitat Quality on Bark-Stripping Behavior in Barbary Macaques." *Conservation Biology* 15 (1): 259–65.
* Gray, J. E. 1821. "On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals." *London Medical Repository* 15 (1): 296–310.
* Groves, C. P. 2005. *Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference.* Ed. tertia, ed. D. E. Wilson et D. M. Reeder, 152–178. Baltimorae: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
* Perelman, Polina, Warren E. Johnson, Christian Roos, Hector N. Seuánez, Julie E. Horvath, Miguel A. M. Moreira, Bailey Kessing, Joan Pontius, Melody Roelke, Yves Rumpler, Maria Paula C. Schneider, Artur Silva, Stephen J. O'Brien, et Jill Pecon-Slattery. 2011. "Molecular Phylogeny of Living Primates." *PLoS Genetics* 7 (3): e1001342, doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1001342
* Rasmussen, David Tab, Anthony R. Friscia, Mercedes Gutierrez, John Kappelman, Ellen R. Miller, Samuel Muteti, Dawn Reynoso, James B. Rossie, Terry L. Spell, Neil J. Tabor, Elizabeth Gierlowski-Kordesch, Bonnie F. Jacobs, Benson Kyongo, Mathew Macharwas, et Francis Muchemi. 2019. "Primitive Old World monkey from the earliest Miocene of Kenya and the evolution of cercopithecoid bilophodonty." *PNAS* 116 (13): 6051–56. doi:10.1073/pnas.1815423116.
* Rasmussen, David Tab, Anthony R. Friscia, Mercedes Gutierrez, John Kappelman, Ellen R. Miller, Samuel Muteti, Dawn Reynoso, James B. Rossie, Terry L. Spell, Neil J. Tabor, Elizabeth Gierlowski-Kordesch, Bonnie F. Jacobs, Benson Kyongo, Mathew Macharwas, et Francis Muchemi. 2019. "Correction for Rasmussen et al., Primitive Old World monkey from the earliest Miocene of Kenya and the evolution of cercopithecoid bilophodonty." *PNAS* 116 (24): 12109. doi:10.1073/pnas.1907208116.
* Rowe, Noel, et Marc Myers, eds. 2016.''All the world's primates.* Praefatio Ioannae Goodall; introductio Russell A. Mittermeier et Anthony B. Rylands; notae de taxinomia primatum et notionibus specierum Colin Groves. Charlestown Insulae Rhodensis: Pogonias Press. ISBN 9781940496054, ISBN 1940496055, ISBN 9781940496061, ISBN 1940496063.
* Setchell, Joanna M., et Alan F. Dixson. 2002. "Developmental variables and dominance rank in adolescent male mandrills (*Mandrillus sphinx*)." *American Journal of Primatology* 56 (1): 9–25.
* Whitehead, Paul F., et Clifford J. Jolly, eds. 2006. *Old World Monkeys.'' Cantabrigiae et Novi Eboraci: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521028097, ISBN 0521028094.
 
## Nexus externi 

Categoria:Familiae animalium
Categoria:Taxa Gray
Categoria:Taxa 1821