Tetraodontidae

[thumb|*[Canthigaster valentini.*]]
**Tetraodontidae** sunt familia piscium plerumque maritimorum et aestuarinorum ordinis Tetraodontiformium. Diodontidarum morphologice similes sunt, piscium arte cognatorum, quibus sunt magnae spinae externae (spinarum tenuiorum et caelatarum tetraodontidarum dissimiles, quae videri popssunt solum cum piscis inflatus sit). Nomen scientificum quattuor magnos dentes, in laminas superiorem et inferiorem fusos, attingit, qui ad testas crustaceorum et molluscorum contundendas adhibent, eorum praedarum naturalis.

Plurimae tetraodontidarum species toxicae sunt, et nonnullae inter venenosissima orbis terrarum vertebrata numerantur. In aliquibus speciebus, organa interna, sicut iecur et aliquando cutis, tetrodotoxinum continent, unde tetraodontidae pluribus animalibus valdissime toxicae sunt esae; nihilominus, caro nonnullarum specierum mattea habetur in Iaponia (nomine 河豚, *fugu*), Corea (복, *bok* et 복어, *bogeo*), et Sina (河豚, *hétún*), cum a coquis bene assuetis paretur. Aliiae huius familiae species, quarum caro non est toxicus, sicut *Sphoeroides maculatus* (species in Sinu Chesapeaco inventa), mattea alibi putantur.

Species *Torquigener albomaculosus* a Davide Attenborough appellatur "maximus regni animalium artifex" quia mares feminas nidis multiplicum formarum geometricarum in arena faciendis attrahere solent.

## Genera 
Familiae Tetraodontidarum sunt saltem ducentae species in viginti novem genera digestae.

* *Amblyrhynchotes* Troschel, 1856
* *Arothron* Müller, 1841
* *Auriglobus* Kottelat, 1999
* *Canthigaster* Swainson, 1839
* *Carinotetraodon* Benl, 1957
* *Chelonodon* Müller, 1841
* *Chonerhinos* Bleeker, 1854
* *Colomesus* Gill, 1884
* *Contusus* Whitley, 1947
* *Dichotomyctere* Duméril, 1855
* *Ephippion* Bibron, 1855
* *Feroxodon* Su, Hardy et Tyler, 1986
* *Guentheridia* Gilbert et Starks, 1904
* *Javichthys* Hardy, 1985
* *Leiodon* Swainson, 1839
* *Lagocephalus* Swainson, 1839
* *Marilyna* Hardy, 1982
* *Monotrete* Bibron, 1855
* *Omegaphora* Whitley, 1934
* *Pelagocephalus* Tyler & Paxton, 1979
* *Polyspina* Hardy, 1983
* *Pao* Kottelat, 2013
* *Reicheltia* Hardy, 1982
* *Sphoeroides* Anonymous, 1798
* *Takifugu* Abe, 1949
* *Tetractenos* Hardy, 1983
* *Tetraodon* Linnaeus, 1758
* *Torquigener* Whitley, 1930
* *Tylerius* Hardy, 1984

## Pinacotheca 

Fasciculus:Arothron stellatus Réunion.jpg|*Arothron stellatus*
Fasciculus:Canthigaster valentini prg1.jpg|*Canthigaster valentini*
Fasciculus:Carinotetraodon irrubesco female.JPG|*Carinotetraodon irrubesco*
Fasciculus:Colomesus.jpg|*Colomesus asellus*
Fasciculus:Ephippion guttifer crop.JPG|*Ephippion guttifer*
Fasciculus:Lagocephalus lagocephalus.jpg|*Lagocephalus lagocephalus*
Fasciculus:Omegophora cyanopunctata Bluespotted toadfish PC290509.JPG|*Omegaphora cyanopunctata*
Fasciculus:Bandtail puffer (Sphoeroides spengleri).jpg|*Sphoeroides spengleri*
Fasciculus:Fugu in Tank.jpg|*Takifugu rubripes*
Fasciculus:Smooth Toadfish-Tetractenos glaber.JPG|*Tetractenos glaber*
Fasciculus:Goldringel-Kugelfisch.JPG|*Tetraodon mbu*

## Descriptio 
Tetraodontidae plerumque magnitudine sunt parvae ad mediam, sed certae species usque ad 100 centimetra longae crescere possunt.

## Distributio 
Tetraodontidae diversissimae in zona tropica, aliquantulum rarae in zona temperata, omninoque absentes ab aquis frigidis sunt.

## Maculae, fasciae, et alia exemplaria 

Fasciculus:Arothron hispidus Prague 2011 1.jpg|*Arothron hispidus*
Fasciculus:Arothron manilensis.jpg|*Arothron manilensis*
Fasciculus:Giant Puffer fish skin pattern.JPG|Exquisita cutis *Tetraodon mbu* exemplaria
Fasciculus:Puffer Fish DSC01257.JPG|*Arothron hispidus* in aquis ante Insulam Havaii.
Fasciculus:Puffer fish -Costa Rica-8.jpg|Homo et *Arothron meleagris* in Costarica.

## Notae 
## Bibliographia 
* Arreola, V. I., et M. W. Westneat. 1996. "Mechanics of propulsion by multiple fins: kinematics of aquatic locomotion in the burrfish (*Chilomycterus schoepfi*)." *Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B* 263 (1377): 1689–96. doi:10.1098/rspb.1996.0247.
* Blount, Jonathan D., Michael P. Speed, Graeme D. Ruxton, et Philip A. Stephens. 2009. "Warning displays may function as honest signals of toxicity." *Proceedings of the Royal Society B* 276 (1658): 871–77. doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.1407. PMID 19019790. PMC 2664363.
* Ebert, Klaus. 2001. "The Puffers of Fresh and Brackish Water." Aqualog. ISBN 3-931702-60-X.
* Gordon. M.S., I. Plaut, et D. Kim. 1996. "How puffers (Teleostei: Tetraodontidae) swim." *Journal of Fish Biology* 49 (2): 319–28. doi:10.1006/jfbi.1996.0157.
* Kottelat, M. 2013. " The Fishes of the Inland Waters of Southeast Asia: A Catalogue and Core Bibliography of the Fishes Known to Occur in Freshwaters, Mangroves and Estuaries." *The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology* Supplement 27: 1–663.
* McClane, A. J. 1977. *The Encyclopedia of Fish Cookery.* Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN 978-0-03-015431-7. Archivum.
* Plaut, I., et T. Chen. 2003. "How small puffers (Teleostei: Tetraodontidae) swim." *Ichthyological Research* 50 (2): 149–53. doi:10.1007/s10228-002-0153-3.
* Roberts, Tyson R. 1982. "The Southeast Asian freshwater pufferfish genus Chonerhinos (Tetraodontidae), with descriptions of new species." *Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences* 43: 1–16.
* Santhanam, Ramasamy. 2018. *Biology and ecology of toxic pufferfish.* Oakville Ontarionis Canadae et Waretown Novae Caesareae: Apple Academic Press; Boca Raton Floridae: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group. ISBN 9781771884396 (hardcover), ISBN 1771884398.

* Aposematismus
* Shimonoseki

## Nexus externi 
* "*Fugu* sequencing project," 22 Martii 2009.
* "*Tetraodon* sequencing project."
* EMedicine De toxicitatem tetrodotoxini.
* Der Tetraodontidis. FishBase.
* "A Library of Puffer Fish DNA: Smithsonian Institution's Ocean Portal."
* "Common blowfish Fact Sheet." Fisheries Western Australia.
* "Underwater crop circles from Japan are an amazing form of biological art."
* Tetraodontida et urinator humanus.
* "Dolphins 'getting high' on puffer fish, zoologist Rob Pilley says." News.com.au, 30 Decembris 2013.
* "How Puffer fish protect itself," 7 Martii 2014.


Categoria:Familiae animalium
Categoria:Pisces commercii
Categoria:Taxa Bonaparte
Categoria:Taxa 1832