Gbaʋŋ zamisʋg

**Gbaʋŋ zamisʋg** anɛ yam, miilim nɛ itiŋ lɔɔŋir zamisʋg. Li gbin kiapi an siem la mɔr biesʋg ka wanasik bɛɛ zamisʋg bɔɔdim an siel, ka wala ka zamisug (education) bɛɛ li kɔn nɛ paalʋg lini nɔbigid pʋtɛnɛr sʋŋɔ. Wanas bama daamidnɛ tinami na baŋ zamisʋg ka mi lin zɛm siem ka mɛ nyaŋi sʋŋ ka li kɛŋ tuon. “gbaʋŋ zanmisʋg” tɔne mɛ lɛn an pʋtɛnɛr nɛ baŋir ka banɛ pʋn dɛŋim zamis nɛ banɛ bɛ sakuya ni zamisid la mɔr.

Zamisʋg nam kɔnɔb- kɔnɔb bɛdigʋ bɛ. Gbaʋŋ zamisʋg bɛ nɛ sakur bɛda ni, wɛn wɔɔ Gomena sakur nam la. Zamis kanɛ ka sakur dɔɔginɛ, mɛ anɛ zamisʋg kanɛ pʋ paan sakur dɔɔginɛ. Mɛŋ zamisʋg mɛ anɛ zamisʋg kanɛ an daar wʋsa ka li yitnɛ mɛŋ bɛllim an siem. Gbaʋŋ zamisʋg nɛ dini kae gbaʋŋ zamisʋg la pʋdig nɛ zins kɔnɔb-kɔnɔb. Ba sieba anɛ biis banɛ nan fɛnn zamisim bibaanlig zamisʋg, bikpɛɛmnam zamisʋg nɛ sakur titada zamisʋg. Sieba gɔsidnɛ ba paala an si.em, wɛn wɔɔ paan- paan la nɛ sakurbiig la zamisʋg. Zamisug kɔnɔb- kɔnɔb mɛ anɛ gbaʋŋ banɛ ka ba zamisid, wɛn wɔɔ dini ka ba bʋon ye science education, language education nɛ physical education la.

Gbaʋŋ zamisʋg laasidnɛ biis tɛnsin ka paani ba malima nɛ bʋn lini naar ye ba maal. Li tid ti ba nɛ baŋir ka ba an ninsʋma ba yaan. Wala sʋŋid ka sielnam kɛn tituaa ka kɛt ka ba baŋ yɛl yaa ti kɛnna. Laasʋg zins suŋid zamisʋg bɛdigʋ. Li bʋʋdi anɛ, gomena maalnɛ zamisʋg wada sieba dini paan sakurdɔɔgin kɛn siem –siem, dini ka ba paaniba, nɛ anɔɔne na nyaŋ bɛɛ nar ye o kɛŋ. Tɛns kɔnɔb -kɔnɔb laasʋg nam, wɛn wɔɔ UNESCO ɛnti sʋŋid biis sakur zamisʋg yela.

Sielnam bɛdigʋ  paal ye sakurzamisʋg la kɛn tuon. Bʋn banɛ ka ti pʋ nyɛntaa ka lɛɛ bɛ ti zugin laamnɛ dini kpiemisidi ti, ti miilim, nɛ ti bɛlim an siem. Bunbanɛ naamidi ti yaan, wɛn wɔɔ ti daas, ti tʋŋ, tinamɛ an pʋab bɛɛ dab la. Bʋn banɛ lɛn paas anɛ ti sielnam zamisʋg, ti paan paanib an sʋm siem nɛ ti duadibi sʋŋid siem mɛn.

Banɛ gɔsid zamisʋg anɛ sakurzamisʋg dim. Ba kpansidnɛ gɔsid zamisʋg la an siel, di baasigʋ an siel nɛ din nyaŋidi maan siel nɛ ananiŋ siem sʋŋ ka di kɛŋ tʋon. Sakurnam zamisʋg pudignɛ zins kɔnɔb- kɔnɔb, sieba anɛ, philosophy of education, psychology of education, sociology of education, economics of education nɛ comparative education. Ba mɛ lɛn sɔnsid sakur zamisʋg pinl kʋdʋmin siem. Kʋdʋmin la, ba da pʋ mɔr gbanaa zamisida, di da anɛ nɔɔr pianad nɛ agɔsi maal ban maan siel. Kʋdʋmin gbangmiidib da kɛ ka ba siniŋi sɔbid, ka miilim yʋn nɔbig. Din da kɛ ka ba yʋn vʋrig dini kae gbaʋŋ zamisʋg la yʋn pinl dini an gbaʋŋ zamisug yʋʋs. Di pinlig la, gbaŋ zamisʋg da bɛ nɛ tis nimbɛda nɛ pʋʋsim dim. Ban da maal bʋnkanɛ maal gbana la 15th century la kɛ ka ba da maal gbana bɛdigʋ ka li zuoe gilig. Din da sʋŋ ka nidib wʋsa mi karimʋg. 18th nɛ 19th century la, sɔ wʋsa zamisʋg la da anɛ bʋn sʋŋ. Di da kɛ ya ka biis zamisʋg paae sɔ wʋsa, ka an zaalim ka mɛ an yelkpan ye sɔ mɛkama kɛŋ ti paae yʋm sia.

## Li gbin ''' '''
Sakur gbaʋŋ zamisʋg bɛɛ gbaʋŋ zamisʋg gbin an siem, nidib bɛdegʋ banɛ mɔr zamisʋg kɔnɔb-kɔnɔb paal li li gbin. Bɛdigʋ siak ye gbaʋŋ zamisʋg anɛ gbanar kanɛ ka sɔ na gbane ye o zamisi tiak o yaam, baŋir nɛ o itiŋ pʋʋgin wʋsa. Amaa, nɔngbanwaar bɛɛ kati waae ninsaali na an siem o zamisʋg nyaaŋ. Yinne anɛ ye gbauŋ zamisug bɛɛ zamisʋg bɛ suoya banɛ an sakur kɛn, paalig nɛ zamisʋg pʋʋgin. Yinne mɛ len anɛ ye gbaʋŋ zamisʋg ka suoya ka ba dolla, amaa li anɛ nid yaa dɔl suoya banna yina ka li na tiak o siem la. Lin paan zamisʋg la nyasim ka li na nyaŋi tiak saal pʋtɛnɛr nɛ o bɛllim.” Gbaʋŋ zamisʋg" yinɛ Latin pianad linɛ an *educare ni na*, ka li gbin anɛ "a-paal-sɔ bɛɛ zamisʋg" kati waae saal pʋtɛnɛr yela, *educere*, mɛ lɛn paal ye "a-yis-paalʋ, a-gaad-tuon" kati waae saal ningbina yela.

## Li buudi
Gbaʋŋ zamisʋg pʋdig nɛ zinis kɔnɔb-kɔnɔb. zamisʋg zinig la paan ye li anɛ sakur zamisʋg (formal), sakur nɛ a-gɔs-ka-zamis (non-formal), bɛɛ a-gɔs-ka-zamis maa (informal). zamisʋgnam mɔr bakiri kati waae one zamisid la yʋʋma nɛ zamisʋg la waalim paae siem ben. Bakir sieba mɛ gɔsidnɛ one zamisid la bɛɛ zamisʋg la yelkpanni an siem. Sieba mɛ gɔsidi ban dɔlisid siem paan, suor banɛ ka ba dɔl, nɛ li yɔɔd la an siem.

A-paal-biig-gbaŋ-yin anɛ non-formal education, one zamisid o biig dʋgʋb anɛ a-gɔs-ka-zamis (informal education).

Pʋdʋgir nam la anɛ formal, non-formal, nɛ informal education. Formal education bɛnɛ sakur dɔɔgin. Din mɔr suor kanɛ ka ba dɔl ka zamisid, ka lɛn mɔr banɛ bɛ tuon nɛ banɛ bɛ nyaaŋ: sakur zamisʋg nannanna mɔr dɔɔd kɔnɔb-kɔnɔb, kati waae sakur bil yʋʋma, nɛ o zamisʋg la paae siem ben, ka lin yinɛ primary school paae university. Formal education mɔr banɛ gɔsid ka sʋʋ li, gɔmɛna gɔsidi li. Li mɔr yʋʋm ben ka li an tilas ye biig kɛŋ sakuri paae.

Non-formal nɛ informal education zamisʋg ka sakur dɔɔginɛ. Non-formal education bɛnɛ atan la tɛnsʋk. li nwɛn wʋʋ formal education nɛ, ba laasid nɛ, ka mɔri li suori dɔl, ka mɔr gbanari ba sunya ni. Li zamisʋg sieba anɛ tutoring, fitness classes, nɛ scouting movement. Informal education zamisʋg pʋ mɔr suori dɔlisida, ka li zamisid nɛ daar wʋsa ka paamid yaam paasid, lin anɛ a-gɔs-ka-zamis. Lin ka wʋʋ formal nɛ non-formal education nam la an siem la, lin pʋ mɔr ye oŋa nar ye o paalɛ. Informal education bɛ zinis babiga. Sɔ wʋsa zamisidnɛ o nyɔvʋr ben wʋsa, daar wʋsa mɔr zamisʋg. zamisʋg kaŋa ba biis zamisidi ba dʋadib bʋʋdi pianad, nɛ nidibi la laasi zamis diib maalig.

## Ziesim
Biis bɛ kindergarten sakur dɔɔgin Japan sʋʋlim.

Gbaʋŋ zamisʋg pʋdʋgiri an siem la mɛ lɛn an kɔnɔb-kɔnɔb nɔbigir pʋʋgin. Ban dɔl suor sia pʋdʋgid la yinne an International Standard Classification of Education. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) dim mɛ siaki li ka dɔlli li. Formal nɛ non-formal education paasi li pʋʋgin. Li paal pʋdʋgir la kati waae one zamisid la yʋʋma, zamisʋg la mɔr saŋa sia ben, nɛ linɛ ka ba zamisid la zuoe paae siem ben. Linɛ paas anɛ sɔ na mɔr siel ka nyaan paam suori kpɛnɛ zamisʋg zinig la, paan-paan la baŋiri nar ye li paae siem ben, nɛ one zamisid la na ti yina an siem o zamisʋg naar saŋa. Pʋdigir la anɛ early childhood education (level 0), primary education (level 1), secondary education (levels 2–3), post-secondary non-tertiary education (level 4), nɛ tertiary education (levels 5–8).

Early childhood education mɛ len an preschool education bɛɛ nursery education. Zamisʋg kaŋa pinil nɛ biig dʋam saŋa ti paae on na pinil primary school. Li gbanar anɛ ye li sʋŋ ka biig nɔbig ningbiŋin, pʋtɛnɛr ni nɛ o tɛŋ yela an siem. Li sʋŋid ka biig la nyaŋidi laasid o taaba nɛ o nɔbigir pʋʋgin. Li zamisʋg sieba an pianad, yaam zamisʋg nɛ on na nyaŋi wɛlig yel. Nwa tiebid biis ka ba nyaan paae primary education.

Primary school biisi zini maasim bɛ Bamozai, Afghanistan

Primary (bɛɛ elementary) education pinil nɛ yʋma anu paae ayɔpɔi, ka zamisʋg la mɔr yʋma anaasi kɛŋ paae ayɔpɔi pʋʋgin. Li pʋ len mɔr suor kanɛ ka sɔ na dɔl ka kpɛnɛ gaad yʋʋma la. Lin gbanar anɛ ye li paal biis ka ba mɔr baŋir nɛ kariŋ, gbaʋŋ sɔb nɛ kaanlig pʋʋgin. Amaa li zamisʋg la laam paas yaam baŋiri bɛ yɛl banɛ gaad (history), tɛngbaʋŋ yela (geography), naasaa-sɔɔng (sciences), yʋʋma (music), and nɛ ninwisigir (art). Zamisʋg la mɛ len anɛ ye li kɛ ka nɔbigi ba bɛlim pʋʋgin. Zina nwa, primary education anɛ tilas tɛnɛs bɛdigɔ ni. Biis kɔbiga pʋʋgin dʋnia wʋsa, piswai banɛ paae sakur ken sid bɛ primary school.

Secondary gbaʋŋ zamisʋg  anɛ linɛ tial primary education. Li mɔr nidib banɛ yi yʋʋma piiga nɛ ayi paae piiga nɛ anii (12 to 18 years). Li pʋdʋgnɛ lower secondary education (middle school bɛɛ junior high school) nɛ upper secondary education (high school, senior high school, bɛɛ college, ka li bɛ kɔnɔb-kɔnɔb tɛŋ wʋsa). Lower secondary education mɔri li zamisʋg naar wʋʋ lin mɔr sɔ na an siem ka nyaan kpɛnɛ anina siem la. Li gbanar anɛ ye li yaligi ba pʋtɛnda nɛ ba zamisʋg pʋʋgin. Li zamisʋg bɛ gʋn-gʋn ka paalig wʋsa mɔri li suor, ka banɛ paan la sɔ wʋsa mɔr zinig kanɛ ka o paan. Li bɔɔdim anɛ ye li paal sakur biis ka ba zamis zamisʋg yaam gʋn-gʋn paalig kɔnɔb-kɔnɔb pʋʋgin. Zamisʋg sieba paanni ba nʋʋg tʋʋma paala. Tɛŋ sieba ni, kpɛla an naar zinig ka li an tilas ye biig kɛŋ sakuri paae.

High-school senior (twelfth grade) sakur dɔɔg bɛ Calhan, Colorado, United States

Upper secondary gbaʋŋ zamisug anɛ ye li paal nidib yaam kanɛ ka ba na yina paam tʋʋma tʋm ka mɛ len tiebi ba ka ba paae tertiary gbaʋŋ zamisʋg. Sɔ na niŋ siem ka paae anina anɛ on na naae lower secondary education. Li zamisʋg la zuoe nɛ. sakur biis la na nyaŋi gaŋ ban bɔɔd ye ba zamis zamis-gʋn sieba ben. Li zamisʋg naar mɔr gbaʋŋ kanɛ ka ba tisid ka li an high school diploma. Zamisʋg sieba bɛ secondary education nyaaŋ ka lɛɛ pʋ paas tertiary education nii. Ba laas banɛ buon post-secondary non-tertiary education ka lin nɛ secondary education dɔl taaba. Amaa, zamis ban anɛ nʋʋg tʋʋma paalʋg ye li tiebi ba ka ba yina nyɛ tʋʋma tʋm.

Sakur biis banɛ bɛ laboratory, Saint Petersburg State Polytechnical University

Tɛŋ sieba ni, tertiary education ba lɛn buon ye higher education amaa zinig sieba, tertiary education anɛ linɛ yalim. Li laam paas secondary education amaa ka sɔ wʋsa zamisid zamisʋg gʋn-gʋn. lin naar died  kasɛta gbaʋŋ kanɛ an academic degree. Li mɔr pʋdʋgir anaasi: saŋa biela (short-cycle) tertiary, Bachelor's, Master's, nɛ doctoral level of education.

Short-cycle tertiary education gɔsidnɛ nʋʋg tʋʋma yela. Li sieba anɛ advanced vocational nɛ professional training ye li tieb sakur biis ka ba yina nyɛ tʋʋma tʋm. Bachelor's level education mɛ anɛ undergraduate education. Lin yʋʋgidi gat short-cycle tertiary education. Zamis ban bɛnɛ universities ka li zamisʋg naar mɔr kasɛta gbaʋŋ kanɛ buon bachelor's degree. Master's level education ni, sɔ wʋsa mɔr o zamis gʋnni gaad undergraduate education. Doctoral level education naar mɔr kasɛta gbaʋŋ kanɛ buon doctor's degree.

Homeschooling anɛ zamisʋg yinne.

Alternative education anɛ zamisʋg kanɛ bɛɛ li kɔnɔ nɛ sakurnamin zamisʋg la. Ba zamisid zinis bɛdigɔ, ka paan zamisa gʋn-gʋn, ka paanib nɛ sakur biis la mɔr nɔɔr yinne nɛ taaba. Alternative schooling zamisʋg nii, mugusug kae tis paanib bɛɛ sakur biis la, zamisʋg dɔɔg la pʋ paae sakur dɔɔgɔ. zamis kaŋa ni, sɔ wʋsa yaam dignɛ ka zamisʋg zinig la mɛ an sʋŋa. Alternative education bɛ kɔnɔb-kɔnɔb ka ba sieba an charter schools nɛ zamisʋg kanɛ ka ba paan biis banɛ mɔr tadiŋ sieba bɛɛ banɛ ka winaam tisi ba yaam gaadi ba taaba. Linɛ len paas anɛ homeschooling nɛ unschooling. Ti mɔr alternative schooling traditions bɛdigɔ, ka ba sieba an Montessori schools, Waldorf schools, Round Square schools, Escuela Nueva schools, free schools, nɛ democratic schools. Alternative education mɛ len mɔr indigenous education. Ka li gbanar anɛ ye li paal yaam nɛ baŋir. Zamisʋg kaŋa ba ɛɛnti pian vɛnlig ka mɛ mɔr sɔlima li pʋʋgin.

## Li tʋʋma
Gbaʋŋ zamisʋg bɛɛ zamisʋg mɔr sʋŋir bɛdigɔ tis tɛngbaʋŋ, ka li anɛ ti tɛnsin bɛlim, ligidi nyɛɛb yela nɛ ninsaal mɛŋ nɔbigir yela. Ti tɛnsin la, gbaʋŋ zamisiʋg kɛt ka tɛŋ maan ka nɔbigidi kɛn tuon. Li kɛt ka nidib paamid yaam nɛ baŋir kanɛ ka ba na nyaŋi sʋŋi ba tɛns ka mɛ paam ban bɔɔd siel. Ti tɛnsin zina nwa, yaam bɛdigɔ mɔr bɔɔdim, wʋʋ tinami na nyaŋi pianad, karim gbaʋŋ ka mɛ sɔb gbaŋ, ka mɛ maal yel bibis wʋʋ kanlig yela. Li mɛ lɛn paan yaam kanɛ ka ti na mɔr ka zanl naasaasɔnɔg laad. Biis kilimid bisʋma tɛŋin yit yaam bama zamisʋg pʋʋgin. Linɛ paasi ti tɛngbaŋ sʋŋir pʋʋgin anɛ lin kɛt ka biis nyaŋidi laasidi ba taaba ka zamisid tɛŋ wada nɛ li malima nam la. Li kɛt ka ba baŋid itima banɛ an sʋm nɛ itima banɛ pʋ dɔl tɛngbaʋŋ wadaa. Li anɛ suor kanɛ ka saam nɛ biis dɔlisid ka baŋid malima, nɛ yelsʋma banɛ bɛ tɛngbaʋŋ pʋʋgin. Ninsaalib bɛlim nɛ taaba zamisʋg bɛnɛ la ti nyɔvʋr bɛn wʋsa ka li bɔɔdim tilas an biilim saŋa zamisʋg (childhood education). Li kɛt ka a-laas-taaba bɛ, nɛ nɔɔryinne linɛ an sʋm tɛngbaŋ nɔbigir pʋʋgin la.

## Li tʋʋma sakuya ni
Gɔmɛna lʋga sieba, wʋʋ Chinese Ministry of Education, mɔr tʋʋma gbaʋŋ zamisʋg pʋʋgin.

Lʋga bɛdigɔ mɔr tʋʋma gbaʋŋ zamisʋg yela. Lʋga banɛ an sakurnam (schools), universities, teacher training institutions, nɛ ministries of education namɛ laasi an gbaʋŋ zamisʋg lʋga. Ba laasidi tʋmmi ba tʋʋma nɛ lʋga sieba, dʋadib, tɛŋ kpɛɛmnam, nɛ winpʋʋs dɔɔd. lʋga sieba anɛ NGOs, professionals banɛ bɛ healthcare, law enforcement, media platforms, nɛ naadɔɔg kpɛɛmnam. Nidib bɛdegɔ mɔr tʋʋma gbʋaŋ zamisʋg lʋgʋr la ni (education sector). Ba sieba an sakur biis (students), paan-paanib (teachers), nɛ sakur sʋʋdib (school principals) nɛ sakur nurse nam nɛ banɛ maan zamisʋg suoya banɛ ka ba dɔlisid ka zamisid (curriculum developers).

## Labakʋda

Gbaʋŋ zamisʋg pinilig yela paan suoya nɛ lʋga banɛ bɛ paalig nɛ zamisʋg pʋʋgin. Li paan bʋn linɛ laas taaba ka ti yʋʋn mɔr gbaʋŋ zamisʋg nɛ zamis sieba zina nwa la. Gbaʋŋ zamisʋg bɛɛ zamisʋg da pinil ya ka ba nan pʋ sɔbid gbana nii, kpɛɛmnam da paan biis yaam nɛ baŋir kanɛ ka ba na mɔr ka bɛ titua ba tɛnsin. Paan-paanib banɛ zamis gbaʋŋ da kae, ka banɛ an kpɛɛmnam paan biis ka li kas-kas anɛ ba daar wʋsa bɛlim na an siem. Nidib da zamisidi yitnɛ pianad pʋʋgin, ka mɛ gɔsid taaba itima ka zamisid. Li sieba da anɛ sɔlima nɛ yʋʋma ka ba da mɔri paan yaam, baŋir nɛ suor dɔlisig kanɛ ka dʋadib bɔɔd ye ba biis dɔl.

Linɛ da an yiiga, ancient civilizations da pinil nɛ lin yi 3000 paae 1500 BCE bɛ Egypt, Mesopotamia, nɛ North China. Kʋdʋmin zamisʋg da pinil nɛ sɔb zamisʋg nɛ sakur dɔɔgʋn zamisʋg. sɔb zamisʋg nyaŋi sʋŋ ka gbaʋŋ zamisʋg pinilig yela nyaŋi kpɛnɛ gbana ni. Li yinɛ sɔb ni ka li an naanaa ka sɔ na nyaŋi gʋ labaya ka nidib bɛdigɔ na nyaŋi paami li. Nwa kɛ ka yela bɛdigɔ kɛna wʋʋ gbana banɛ mɔri sɔbid (textbooks), nɛ lʋga sieba wʋʋ sakurnam.

Linɛ len paasi ti zina gbaʋŋ zamisʋg pʋʋgin anɛ gbaʋŋ zamisʋg naasaasɔnɔg laad sieba kɛna la. Laad banɛ an computers nɛ internet kɛna kɛ ka gbaʋŋ zamisʋg laad zuoe ka mɛ len kɛ ka nidib na nyaŋi bɛ yaan ka zamis gbaʋŋi yi tɛŋ lalli (online education). Nwa da an yelkpan COVID-19 pandemic saŋa ka sakur nam da yɔ ka sieba zamisid lalli sa yitnɛ video conferencing bɛɛ zamisʋg kanɛ yitnɛ video lessons nii paan biis.

## Gbanvɛɛnsa