Holy Week in Guatemala

**Holy week in Guatemala** (Bakɔi Sʋŋ) Guatemala anɛ  Winaam pʋʋsim kaanbʋg malʋŋ kanɛ ka ba maanɛ dɔlsid suoraʋg zugʋ paanɛ ba yadda nigir, ka ba buon ye prossesion (ken), “hermandad” n gɔti li yɛla. Holy week procession, ken ni wʋsa ba yaasidi yin-yin ka Passion of Christ bɛɛ Marian fɔɔtʋ nam bɛ, laam nɛ bay is sieba bas woo allegorical step of saints.

## Li siiŋir
Catholic pʋʋsim la nimbaanl zɔɔr kanɛ bɛ Guatemala nananna nwa la niŋ nɛ woo nyalʋŋ nɛ lieb siim, siis nidib la ka li anɛ syncretism kanɛ bɛ Mayan pʋʋsim nɛ Catholic pʋʋsim wada tensʋk. Spanish in the colonial era da zaŋ America kʋdʋg buudi malima  nɛ Catholic pʋʋsim malima laasi ba paas kaanbʋg la ni.

Syncretism kpɛn anɛ woo pipiʋŋ ka ba gʋli niŋ sawdust carpet ni Crista pʋʋsim malʋŋ kenning, bɔzugɔ pipiʋŋ la da ka nɛ bʋn-iandiri tis Maya. Li da anɛ wintaŋ la zanbin- ba winbɛda la yinne- ka an vʋm nɛ vʋm yaaŋ. Fɔɔtʋ kaŋa nwa pʋ bɛ zinisia Bakɔi Sʋŋ kaanbʋg malʋŋ la ni Spain teŋin nɛ.

### pre-columbine era
A na niŋ siem ka gbanae dʋnbama nwa Guatemala Bakɔi Sʋŋ la gbin anɛ fʋn na lɛb nyaaŋi gɔs Maya pʋʋsim zinigin, ka malima la da nwɛni li siali nɛ teŋ la din, ka linɛ da na kɛ ka America teŋ dim la siak Catholic pʋʋsim malima la. Nwɛnnim la yinne anɛ Guatemala teŋ dim la da ziidi ba nidib banɛ da mɔr arizak nɛ naanam ken katens, palanquin pʋʋgin, transport wealthy citizens and rulers.

Li da  pʋ tɔi tis teŋin dim la nɛ ban na siak Holy Trinity la bɛllim, bɔzugɔ ban mi ye, banɛ naam dunia la anɛ atan, ka maya mittib mi b aka ba anɛ “G1”, “G2” and “G3”, ka kʋ nwaasim Virgin Mary, bɔzugɔ ba da zaŋ o kao anɛ lxchel- nwadig la, vʋm daan- ma, the moon, creative life- mother.

### Bakɔi sʋŋ Medieval Europe teŋin

*Main article: [[Holy Week]]*

Bakɔi Sʋŋ da naam nɛ Council of Nicea –Roman Emperor Constantine I da zieli li 325 A D yʋʋm la ni –bɔzugʋ council kan ni ba da gbanae ka ban a maal la aluak kimsa malʋŋ nɛ ban na gɛlig kimsa la dabisa la siem. Li nyaaŋa Knights Templar da tis wada kɛ ka li sʋŋ Passion of Christ ka li nɔbig. Wada la da lɛn kae la, -close order fourteenth century –Franciscans da pɛsigi ba mɛŋ tis ye ba na mɔr malʋŋ la li an siem la ka tiakir kʋ naami li nii, banɛ da mɔri  Via Crucis kena, malʋŋ la sankanɛ nidib kɔnɔb-kɔnɔb ye bɛ Holy Week festivities la ni.

Piniligin la ba da maan kaanbʋg la nɛ pʋʋsim dɔɔd pʋʋgin, ka ninbanɛ tʋʋm taal pʋ paasa ani. Yaaŋ ka ba da tiaki maani li dɔlisid suoya, ani ka nidib paani ba taal, people took to the street to express their guilt.

### Bourbon Reforms
*Main article: [[Bourbon Reforms]]*

Yʋʋm tusir yinne, kɔbʋs yɔpɔi nɛ pisyuobʋ nɛ anu, 1765 la ni, Spanish Crown da yis Bourbon reforms kanɛ da an ye ba lɛbi zaŋi ba paŋ la ka paas lampo diesig teŋ banɛ ka ba kpɛn faan bɛla, power over the colonies and increase tax collection. Tias bama nwa ni, ba da maal wada ziel ye li gɔsid kpikpiŋ yɛla woo alcoholic beerages maalʋg, snuff, gunpowder, playing cards nɛ cock fights nam wʋsa maalʋg. Yʋʋm yinne pʋʋgin wʋsa Roal Treasury la da ye kuosɛ teŋ la kpikpiŋ sieba la ka lɛn da li sʋoe, lin kɛ ya ka kpikpiŋ la sieba an ba din ka sɔ da ka sour ye o kpɛn kuosim ban nii. Yʋʋm kan ni yaas, ba da maal Royal Treasury la kpikpiŋ buudi anaasi San Salvador, Ciudad Real, Comayagua nɛ León ka Guatemala teŋgbaʋŋ la zanlim nɛ li pʋdigir tiaki an 15 provinces.

Ban da pʋdig teŋ la tɔdi tis taab la, Spanish crown da zieli wada ka li sie Catholic windɔɔg pʋʋsim la paŋ, to diminish the power of the Catholic Church, paŋ kanɛ da tiing Spanish vassals wʋsa. Wada kanɛ da an ye li sie pʋʋsim la paŋ la da anɛ li nie, Enlightenment ka mɔri yɛlzuta ayuobʋ.

# Decline of Jesuit cultural heritage
# Trend towards a secular secularized culture
# Decidedly rationalist attitude
# Precedence of natural science over religious dogma
# Severe criticism of the role of the church in society, especially the fraier and nun monasteries. These have sort to excessive economic power of some brotherhood, their large number, the lack of administrative and fiscal control by the authorities and public manisfestations of piety, the latter listed as signs of backwardness and fanaticism, especially those of Holy Week.

### 19<sup>th</sup> Century
Gɔsim nɛŋa yaas: *[[Rafael Carrera]] and [[Justo Rufino Barrios]]*

Ban da kad Aycinena Clan n yisi ba bas yʋʋm tusir yinne, kɔbʋs nii nɛ pisi nɛ awai 1829 ni la nyaaŋ, liberals la da kad regula orders la bas ka kɛ nɛ secular clergy la maaa teŋin la, ba lɛɛ da pʋ maki ziel mandatory tithing na an siem. Nɛɛŋa da gɛɛns Catholic pʋʋsim la Guatemala teŋin, amaa liberal gɔbina zugraan Mariano Gȧlvez da gʋʋŋ ye o kad cholera morbus wiim yis la nyaaŋ, maanmaan kpɛɛmnam da nyaas kpaadbibis la wʋsa ka ba zanas o, ka Rafael Carrera kpɛŋ saŋa la, ka kad Gȧlvez nɛ liberal yis kpiʋŋin. Yʋʋm piiga nyaaŋ gɔbina ni, Carrera da bas sour ka regular orders nɛ conservative ellite Catholics lɛb na, ka yɛli digil ka compulsory tithing lɛbna yaas, ka sʋŋii kpɛmis pʋʋsim la teŋin la ka ba paali ba yadda niŋir woo Holy Week n nyɛ nɔbigir siem la. Sida, yʋʋm tusir yinne, kɔbʋs nii nɛ pisnu nɛ ayi, 1852 ni la Guatemala nɛ Holy see la da tik nuug nɛ concordat ka li da bɛnɛ yuoliŋ la nuusin ye ba gɔs ka Guatemala teŋ nidib la paam gbaʋŋ zamisig baŋir ka da sʋŋi kpɛmis pʋʋsim dim sʋʋlim nam la wʋsa ka ba naalim taab, church state union in the country was reinforced.

Conservative saŋa la ni da gʋʋŋ la nyaaŋ ka liberal da di yaan yʋʋm yʋʋm tusir yinne, kɔbʋs nii nɛ pisyɔpɔi nɛ yinne, 1871 ni la, Catholic pʋʋsim la da nyɛ saansigi ba kpikpiŋ nɛ ba malima ni woo lin da naam siem yʋʋm tusir yinne, kɔbʋs nii nɛ pisi nɛ awai ni la ka ba da namis Francisco Morazȧn liberal gɔbina nuusin siem la. Yʋʋm tusir yinne, kɔbʋs nii nɛ pisyɔpɔi nɛ atan la ni, ba da yis regular orders la bas ba saŋa ni, ka da faaen laadi laan kpab nɛ-convents, haciendas nɛ Indians doctrines teŋgbaʋŋ la ni wʋsa- ka da kad mandatory tithing la diesigi bas, ka lɛɛ da bas secular clergy la wada la ka lin tʋm ba pʋʋsim naming la without stable income

Sigsaa nwadig la ni, yʋʋm tusir yinne, kɔbʋs nii nɛ piswai nɛ yinne, 1891 ni la, Pope Leo xIII da yisi o Rerum Novarum encyclical-*tʋmtʋmnib la bɛ siem-*gbaʋŋ kanɛ da sʋŋ Catholic pʋʋsim nidib ka ba paam tiakir ka nyaŋi bɛi nɛ liberal states la; Guatemala teŋin nɛɛ, yam paal da sʋŋi kpɛmis baŋir nwa nɛ fɔɔtʋ namin nɛ pianad namin kɛ ka li paae yadda ni ye li kɛ ka liberal state la tunoe tɔlisid labaya sʋŋa. Catholicism nɔbigir United States da pinili an zanbin in the reconquest of ideological power in totally liberal states.

Catholicism da paam paŋ José Maria Reyna Barrios gɔbina la saŋa (1892-1898), barika pʋʋsim kenɛ tisidi o gɔbina la saŋa kanɛ da bas sour tis secular clergy nɛ on da bɔɔd ye art nɛ defence of local culture widig zinig wʋsa, linɛ da kɛ ko siak ka paas Berne Convention, ka naasid yadda niŋir paalig kanɛ ka ba paan Passion of Christ sour ken malʋŋin la. Ba da nyaŋi maal nɛŋa nɛ laan nɛ Reyna Barrios da an high degree Freemason. Amaa, sour da pʋ bɛ ye regular orders la kpɛn gbaʋŋin nɛ, bɔzugɔ, Guatemala teŋ wada la da kisigi ba bɛllim teŋgbaʋŋ la zug sankan la at the time.

### 20<sup>th</sup> Century
Jacobo Arbenz saŋa la luub nyaaŋa, Catholic pʋʋsim la da lɛn die o kpiʋŋ kanɛ ko da mɔri conservative government of Rafael Carrera in the 19th century la yaas, lin pʋʋgin laa, a sʋʋe m mɛŋ pʋʋsim zamisig da paam nɔbigir lin da yi yʋʋm tusir yinne, kɔbʋs wai nɛpisnu nɛ anu, 1955 ni la ken, mittib da yɔɔs sakuya bɛdigʋ tis  biribis banɛ da pʋn ken secular gɔbina sukuya la ka ba kpɛn.

Laan nɛ Guatemala Arcbishop, Mariano Rossell y Arellano da yis gbaʋŋi paan ye Catholic pʋʋsim la da pʋ iedi suoya ye ba zab nɛ Arbenz, o da nyaŋi kɛ ka colonel Carlos Castillo Armas gɔbina la kpɛn paas teŋ la 1956 wada gbaʋŋin la, Ka li anɛ nɛɛnam:

* Wada na tis sour ka Catholic pʋʋsim nɛ pʋʋsim buudi wʋsa na tunoe mɔri laad ka yisi ba, ka li anɛ ye laad la ye li zaŋi tʋm nɛ pʋʋsim tʋʋma, nidib laasig zinigin bɛɛ zamisig yɛla, provided they are intended for religious and social work or education.

* Ba da yɛli ziel ye pʋʋʋsim zamisig anɛ fʋ yam ya bɔɔdi li official premises zinigin: teŋ la wada gbaʋŋin, article 97 paal ye wada la na gɔsid pʋʋsim zamisig yɛla official premises ni, amaa ka teŋ la da pʋ titta ka lɛɛ ye li anɛ yam bɔɔdim. Li ye sour mɛ lɛn bɛ ye tʋʋma zinig wʋsa dim tunoe zamis gbaʋŋ, freedom of education in all other establishments.

* Teŋ la na sʋŋid nɛ pʋʋsim sakuya la maalig: Article 111 yɛl ye a sʋʋ m mɛ sakuya banɛ paan nidib la zaalim kʋ yɔɔd lampɔ sieba teɛin la ka lin anɛ piini ba tʋʋm zaal la zug, in compensation for their service.

Rossell y Areliano da pinili mɔɔn nɛ kpieʋŋi bɔɔd ye o lɛbis Catholicism Guatemala yaas: o da keŋ paae nɛ Arcbishop palace nɛ Bishop Francisco Marroquin yinɛ bɛ San Juan del Obispo, Sacatepequez, Moraug nwadig la dapisi nɛ ayi daar, yʋʋm tusir yinne, kɔbʋs wai nɛ pisnu nɛ atan July 22, 1953 ni la, o da die maanmaanib, fathers Antonio Rodriguez Pedrazuela nɛ José Maria Bȧscones banɛ da pinil Opus Dei tʋʋma la Guatemala teŋin; ka yʋʋm tusir yinne, kɔbʋs wai nɛ pisnu nɛ awai ni la ka ba da maal yiiga Central American Eucharistic Congress. Bibiel o da ti paam kɛ ka regular orders lɛb Guatemala teŋin na paas Second Vatican Council, kan ka Pope John xxIII da gɔsi li yɛla.

Yʋʋma ken aka gaad, ka sour ken nɛ labaya tisib yɛla paam nɔbigir, a ken ɛ kaad pʋʋsim zink nɛ pʋʋsidi tit Esquipulas Winaam la ka the city “Latin American  Capital  of Faith” maal la yʋʋm tusir yinne, kɔbʋs wai nɛ pisnu nɛ ayuobʋ, 1956 la ni, Pope Pius xxIII da duoe Prelature *Nullius Cristi* of Esquipulas ziel kanɛ ka Municipality of Esquipulas nɛ li Cathedral Sanctuary da pinili li. Ban da gaŋ Pope la kʋ da an Prime Esquipulas Prelate Arcbishop Rossell y Arellano. Rossell yɛlkpan yiiga daan da anɛ o kɛ ka pʋʋsim dim la gɔsid pʋʋsim yir la yɛla; link a ba da mak bʋ siem ka gʋʋŋ, o da mɔɔ nyaŋi paam sʋŋir Benedictine Abbey of San José Louisiana teŋi bɛ United States la. On palm Sunday of 1959, Vanmaasa Lasiddaar yʋʋm tusir yinne, kɔbʋs wai nɛ pisnu nɛ awai ni la, Benedictine monks nama atan yiiga dim la da ken Esquipulas na pinil Monastery. Yaa tɛnɛs pʋʋsim nam la, malima nam nɛ siiŋir yɛla, Pope John xxIII da siak nɛ Bishop Rossell Arellano fabʋlig la ka da dʋʋs the Sactuary of Esquipulas paae the rank of Minor Basilica 1961 yʋʋm la ni

## Holy Week art

### Sculptures

## Gbanvɛɛnsa