Diib

**Diib** bɛɛ D**iid** anɛ bunkanɛ ka bunvuya dit ka di tisidi ba niŋgbina biim nɛ paŋ. Di tun'e an kansa, dʋgida, ka bʋnkɔnbid ɔnbidi ba nɔɔrin, ka li sʋŋidi ba ka ba nɔbigid, paamid laafi, nɛ malisim.

## Paalʋg nɛ buudi
Diib anɛ bʋnlinɛ ka ba did ka li maan ningbina biim nɛ paŋi tisid ningbiŋ la. Fʋ tɔɔn di sieba ka pʋ dʋgɛ, sieba mɛ dʋgʋd, ka bʋnkɔnbid diti li nɔɔrin ye ba nyaŋi nɔbig, mɔr laafi ka li mɛ malisi ba. Diib pʋʋgin mɔr ku'om, lipids, proteins, nɛ carbohydrates. Minerals (wʋʋ yaarim) nɛ organic substances (wʋʋ vitamins) mɛ bɛ diib pʋʋgin. Bʋnbʋta nɛ bʋnvʋya sieba maani ba mɛŋ diib. Ku'om bɛ diib bɛdigʋ ni ka lin mɛŋ mɛ anɛ diibi la. Ku'om nɛ fiber pʋ tisid paŋ bɛdigʋ, bɛɛ kpaam, ka kpaam tisid paŋ bɛdigʋ. Sielnam mɛ bɛ ka kaa diibɔ ka li an tilas ye bʋnkɔnbid nɛ bʋnbʋta mɔr ka nyaŋi an titua.

Diib kanɛ ka ninsaalib dit mɔr buudi kɔnɔbkɔnɔb, lin an siem bɛɛ ban maani li siem. Diib buudi kanl bɛn zuoe ya. Nidib bɛdigʋ laasid diib nɛ zinis anaasi ka li paan ban yi siel na nɛ ban maan niŋgbina siem: Vegetables nɛ wala, bielim bɛɛ biili diib, kpaam diib, nɛ niim. Vɛɛnsig kanɛ gɔsid diib sʋʋm yela pʋdʋg diib ziniszinis biili/bielim, biili/bielim kanɛ nɛɛm, vegetables, wala, bielim, bielim banɛ kpiem, banɛ mɔr paad, gɛla, kpaam laad, zimi, niim zina, niim kanɛ ka ba dʋg, nɛ daam banɛ ka ba nɔk sikiri maal. Lugur Kane gosid diib, kuob ne gu'ul yela nɛ World Health Organization laas diibi pʋdʋg nɛ zinis piinɛ awai: mɔɔg biili, nyaa, yam nɛ biili banɛ kpiem, binisim, gɛla,  zimi, niim, bʋnianda, vegetables, wala, kpaam, sikir, spices, daam, diib banɛ tisid niŋgbiŋ biim, laabanɛ paasid malisim nɛ vɛnlim, diib banɛ ka ba maali laas nɛ bʋnɔnbida. Bʋnvʋya sieba yaa kaasigɛ, vʋʋm kʋ aan titua nɛ bɔzugɔ ba sieba tiakid pɛbis bɛɛdnam ka li lɛbigid sʋʋm tis ninsaalib vʋʋsʋm. Pɛbis kaŋa ka ba buon Ammonia la tisid proteins, nucleic acids, nɛ vitamins bɛdigʋ. Ban pinili maan vɛɛnsig kanɛ buon Haber-Bosch Process, ka ba dɔlisidi maan ammonia la, ninsaal mɛŋi yʋʋn maani li bɛdigʋ.

### Bʋnbʋta
Bʋnbʋta banɛ tisid diib pʋdig nɛ bielim, wala, vaand, bielim banɛ ka pak ligil wʋʋ bɛŋa, mɔbiili wʋʋ mui nɛ walkpiema wan wʋʋ atian biili. Bʋnbʋta banɛ paas buudi bam ani bɛ kɔnɔbkɔnɔb, ka banɛ an tiig wala sieba an tomato, squash, nanzʋʋs nɛ nyaadua bɛɛ biili wan wʋʋ bʋnlinɛ ka ba buon peas anɛ vaand buudi. Diib line yit bunbuta ni anɛ wal, li zinig kanɛ dit la yaa na nyaŋi bul bʋnpaalig. Wala zug biili, banɛ mɔr paad, nɛ bielim anɛ wala. Banɛ dʋgʋd zinigin, ban gɔs ka wal anɛ fʋ yaa yis bielim yis tiig bɛɛ mɔɔg la vaang ni. Bielim anɛ biili banɛ ka ninsaalib dit bɛɛ kuod, ka mɔɔg biili (oats, wheat, mui, kawɛnna, barley, rye, sorghum nɛ ki) paas nɛ Poaceae (mɔɔg) buudi nɛ biili banɛ yit Fabaceae (legume) buudi. Biel mum anɛ diib banɛ ka bielif la an siem la kpɛlim aan ala ka pʋ tiakɛ (bran, germ, and endosperm). Nuts mɛ anɛ wala banɛ kʋdʋg, ka pak kanɛ ligili ba la an wan wʋʋ daag nɛ.

Wal banɛ pʋ kʋdʋgɛ (ban bɛɛ ba kɔnɔ nɛ banɛ an kpiema wan wʋʋ bielim, biili bɛɛ banɛ pigid) lɛn mɔr kɔnɔb kɔnɔb pʋdʋgir ka ban an stone fruits (cherries nɛ peaches), pome fruits (apples, pears), berries (blackberry, strawberry), citrus (oranges, lemon), melons (watermelon, cantaloupe), Mediterranean fruits (grapes, fig), tropical fruits (banana, pineapple). Vegetables anɛ bʋnbʋtir la lɔkanɛ ka fʋ na nyaŋi di, wan wʋʋ nyaa, til, vaand, puum, pak bɛɛ tiig la wʋsa. Bama sieba anɛ banɛ ka ba dit nyaa (potatoes nɛ carrots), bʋngbila (gabʋ buudi), banɛ maan puum (cauliflower nɛ broccoli), banɛ ka ba dit vaand (spinach nɛ lettuce) nɛ banɛ ka ba diti ba til (celery nɛ asparagus).

Bʋnbʋta zinis banɛ tisid paŋ, maan niŋgbina nɛ linɛ tisid kpaam kaa yinnɛ. Zinig banɛ tisid paŋ la anɛ starch, fructose, glucose bɛɛ sikir buudi sieba. Linɛ guud ninsaal niŋgbiŋ banas pʋʋgin ka ba buon vitamins la yinɛ bʋnbʋta ni, ba sieba banɛ pʋ yi bʋnbʋta ni anɛ vitamin D nɛ vitamin B12. Bʋnlinɛ maan niŋgbina ka ba buon Minerals la tɔɔn zuoe bɛɛ lin an finn. Wala pʋʋgin tɔɔn mɔr kuom piswai, kɔbiga pʋʋgin (90%), ka mɔr sikir buudinam bɛdigʋ linɛ kɛt ka li malis, ka mɛ mɔr vitamin C bɛdigʋ. Fʋ yaa mak nɛ wal banɛ nan pʋ kʋdʋgɛ (ka yis kodu) vegetables mɔr starch, potassium, dietary fiber, folate nɛ vitamins bɛdigʋ ka lɛɛ mɔr kpaam finn. Bielim anɛ banɛ mɔr diib bʋʋlim bɛdigʋ ka banɛ ka ba pak kpiem la mɛ tisid protein, fiber, vitamin E nɛ B bɛdigʋ. Biili anɛ diib hali tis bʋnkɔnbid bɔzugɔ, ba mɔr paad nɛ kpaam kanɛ zɛnmis, wan wʋʋ omega-3 fats. Tikpiema sieba yaa laas taaba na nyaŋi kɛ ka bʋnlinɛ tisid niŋgbiŋ laafi la paas bɛɛ sie bɛ bʋnbʋta ni. Phytates anɛ bʋnlinɛ na nyaŋi kɛ ka sikir buudi sieba nɛ vitamins pʋ zuoe bʋnbʋta la nii.

Ba buon bʋnkɔnbid banɛ an yam bɛɛ mɔɔg maa la nɛ ye herbivores, ka banɛ dit tiis wala ka ba buoni ba ye frugivores, ka banɛ dit vaand nɛ li daad la mɛ an folivores (pandas) ka banɛ ɔnbid daad la an xylophages (termites). Banɛ dit tiis wala la sieba anɛ banɛ yi annelids paae wabid, waamis nɛ niiŋ sieba. Zimi wan wʋʋ kɔbiga nɛ pisnii nɛ ayi (182) dit wala bɛɛ biili. Bʋnkɔnbid (banɛ bɛ yaan nɛ mɔɔgin) ɔnbid nɛ mɔɔd kɔnɔbkɔnɔb ye ba paam niŋgbina biim.

Ninsaalib dit bʋnbʋta buudi-buudi tusa-tusa; bʋnbʋta banɛ maan puum anɛ wan wʋʋ ban buudi-buudi tusa pisyɔpɔi nɛ anu (75,000), ka ba dit wan wʋʋ ban tusa yɔpɔi (7,000). Ba mɔr bʋnbʋta maan bodobodo, pasta, cereals, daam nɛ jams bɛɛ laasieba wan wʋʋ sikir, tinyaa, linɛ niŋid diib ka ba buon spices la nɛ kpaam. Biili banɛ tisid kpaam mɔr kpaam bɛdigʋ ba pʋʋgin – sunflower, flaxseed, rapeseed (ka sieba an canola oil) nɛ sesame.

Bʋnkɔnbid nɛ bʋnbʋta bɛdigʋ laasi duoe ka li yʋʋn an ye ba wala la anɛ bʋnlinɛ tisid bʋnkɔnbid la niŋgbina biim, ka ban mɛ kɛŋ nyɛɛ biili la bas zinig sia sa, ka bʋnbʋta la yaligidi tɔlisid tuon. Bʋnkɔnbidi ɛɛti di biili kɛŋ nyɛɛ bas la mɛ mɔr sʋŋir, bɔzugɔ, biili sieba pʋ buod bʋnkɔnbid pʋʋginɛ. Bʋnianada anɛ banɛ dit biili bɛdigʋ, ka sinsaas, tambaris nɛ gʋnya an banɛ widigid biili laligid zinig. Niimis mɛ an banɛ widigid biili, ba pʋ taa dit biili ka li an ba diib wala, ba nɔnya la kpiem nɛ na nyaŋi bʋak pak la di biilif la. Bʋnkɔnbid banɛ dʋad dit biili kɔnɔbkɔnɔb, ban tɔɔn mɔri ba nɔɔri kpiem la pigisid paad la ka dit biili la.

#### Bʋnkɔnbid
Ba mɔr bʋnkɔnbidi maan disieba bɛɛ dit ka li an niim. Nwa sieba anɛ niim, gɛla, shellfish nɛ li kpaam wan wʋʋ milk nɛ cheese. Ba tisid niŋgbina biim ka mɔr niŋgbina maalig laad wʋsa ka ninsaal yaa di ka li na nyaŋi sʋŋ o. One 4-ounce (110 g) steak, nua binisa bɛɛ kurkur niim mɔr protein 30 grams. Gɛl titaar yinnɛ mɔr protein 7 grams. A 4-ounce (110 g) ba yaa mak cheese wala bɛn tisid protein 15 grams. Ka milik kɔp yinnɛ (~240 mL) mɛ mɔr protein 8 grams. Niŋgbiŋ biim buudi banɛ ka ninsaal paamidi yit bʋnkɔnbid ni sieba anɛ kpaam, vitamins (ka B12 paas) nɛ  (ka zinc, iron, calcium, magnesium paas).

Diib banɛ ka ti nyɛti yit bʋnkɔnbid ni sieba anɛ milik, lin yit nɛ binisa ni, ka sieba nuud ala ka sieba mɛ mɔri li maan disieba (cheese, butter, etc.). Gɛla banɛ ka bʋnkɔnbid banɛ mɔr kʋkpama nyɛɛt la siing diti maan siind, ka yisid bʋnsieba bɛ puum ni laasidi li ka di malis. Buud sieba nud ziim, diib wan wʋʋ ziim niim, ziim ka ba mɔri bʋligid niim ka paasid yaarim digin ka di yʋʋgin, ka sieba mɛ mɔr ziim maan stew wan wʋʋ dikanɛ ka ba buon jugged hare la.

## Nɔɔrin lɛmig
Bʋnkɔnbid, li kaskas ninsaalib, yaa lɛɛm sieli ba nɔɔrin, li paan bʋnama anu nwa: li tɔɔn malis, an zɛnɛm, an yaarim, an tɔɔg, bɛɛ din on an niim. Ba lɛmid diib nɔɔrini nyaŋidi bakidi ba nɛ taaba, anina ka ba baŋid banɛ maan niŋgbina nɛ banɛ an yabidi tis niŋgbiŋ. Bʋnkɔnbidi paasid la, banɛ tisid paŋ anɛ banɛ ka ba diib malis la, amaa ninsaalib tɔɔn tiaki ba pʋtɛnɛri bɔɔd dikanɛ ka ba daa pʋ nɔŋa. Ku'om an bʋnlinɛ yaa kae ka vʋʋm kae la pʋ mɔr malisim bɛɛ tɔɔlim nɔɔrinɛ.

Bʋnlinɛ kɛt ka siel malis ninsaal nɔɔrin anɛ sikir buudi banɛ ka ba sieba an  glucose, fructose, bɛɛ disaccharides ka ban sieba mɛ an sucrose, lin laas nɛ glucose nɛ fructose.  Fʋ yaa lɛɛm siel nɔɔrin ka li an zɛnɛm, linɛ kɛt ka li an ala anɛ zɛnɛsim, ka sieba anɛ vinegar kanɛ ka ba niŋid daam banɛ mɔr pataasi li pʋʋgin la. Dibama buudi sieba an citrus, li kaskas anɛ lemons nɛ limes. Diib yaa pʋ Malisa, li an sʋʋm bɔzugɔ li paan saŋsieba ye diib la sanam nɛ. Diib yaa an yaarimyaarim, li paal ye yaarim kuguri paasi li pʋʋgin wan wʋʋ sodium nɛ potassium. Li bɛ diib bɛdigʋ ni zɛnmis nɛ ye li kɛ ka li diib malis. Tɔɔg anɛ bʋnlinɛ ka ba pʋ bɔɔda lin tɔi la zug. Bʋnlinɛ pʋ Malisa sieba anɛ chocolate sabilig, caffeine, lemon rind, nɛ tiis wala sieba. Umami, mɛ anɛ malisim kanɛ bɛ fʋn na dʋg niim pʋʋgin.Fleming, Amy (9 April 2013). "Umami: why the fifth taste is so important". *The Guardian*. Retrieved 5 January 2023. Diib banɛ ka fʋ yaa lɛmi ba ka ba paan niim malisim anɛ cheese, niim nɛ abʋʋd.

Bʋnkɔnbid bɛdigʋ mɔr dinɛ lɛmid diibi baŋid malisim la nɛ ba nɔɔrin, bʋnianada sieba bɛɛ mɔri ba nɔba lɛmid diib, ka zimi mɛ mɔri ba niŋgbiŋ zinig wʋsa tɔɔn lɛmid diib. Baa, amus nɛ niis dinɛ lɛmid diib la pɔɔd nɛ (nɔɔs mɔr wan wʋʋ ban pistan), Ninsaalib banɛ an kpɛɛmnam mɔr ka li waae tusayi nɛ tusa anaasi yela, ka zimi mɔr ka li gaad million. Bʋnkɔnbid banɛ ɔnbid mɔɔd mɔr ka li gaad banɛ ɔnbid niim, lin ka ba nyaŋidi baŋid mɔɔg banɛ an yabid. Bʋnkɔnbid wʋsa pʋ lɛɛmid yinnɛ, kuus lɛmmidi gɔsid diib bʋʋlim, amus kʋ nyaŋi lɛɛm diibi baŋi li malisim bɛn nɛ, ka bʋnkɔnbid banɛ ɔnbid niim bɛdigʋ (ka sieba an hyenas, dolphins, nɛ sea lions) kʋ nyaŋi lɛɛm gɔs diib malisim bɛɛ di tɔɔlim zinis anu banɛ bɛ Ninsaal ni la.

## Diib buor
Diib kpɛnɛd ningbina ni an biim nɛ dɔlisid lin na buoe kpɛnɛ giinla nɛ kɔnba ni. Diibi na niŋ siem ka buoe niŋgbiŋin anɛ fʋn na ɔnbi li nɔɔrin ka bʋnvʋya sieba bɛ pʋʋgin mɛ ɔnbi li bʋlʋg). Diibi dɔlisid siem buodi bɛ bʋnkɔnbid banɛ ɔnbid mɔɔd nɛ bʋnkɔnbid banɛ ɔnbid niim bɛ kɔnɔbkɔnɔb bɔzugɔ mɔɔg pʋ buod naanaa. Bʋnkɔnbid banɛ ɔnbid niim la, Winaam maali ba nɔnya la nɛ ka ba tɔɔn aansid ka gaad ka bʋnkɔnbid banɛ ɔnbid mɔɔg la lɛɛ bugusud yam la. Bʋnkɔnbid banɛ ɔnbid mɔɔg la mɔr pʋya ka li zuoe lin na niŋ siem ka diib la buoe ka diibi dɔlisid suor sia ka buod la mɛ waam.

## Diib sʋʋm yela
Labaar bɛ World Health Organization (WHO), ye nidib 600 million dunia wʋsa bɛnɛd ka 420,000 ɛɛti kɔɔŋi ba nyɔɔr dɔlisid nɛ ban di dibanɛ saam pʋʋgin. Diarrhea, bana kanɛ ka ba tiind ka saand la anɛ wikanɛ yinɛ fʋn na di dikanɛ sanam, ka nidib 550 million ka li gbanadi ba, ka ba pʋʋgin, nidib 230,000 dɔlisid anina kɔɔŋidi ba nyɔɔrr yʋʋm wʋsa. Biis banɛ pʋ paae yʋma anu anɛ pisnaasi, kɔbiga pʋʋgin ka li dɔlisid nɛ diib banas ni ka ba kɔɔŋidi ba nyɔɔr, biis 125,000 kɔɔŋidi ba nyɔɔr yʋʋm wʋsa.

Yʋʋm tusayi nɛ atan ni (2003) World Health Organization (WHO) da yis labaar na ka ye nidib banɛ dit diib kanɛ sanam ka banas mɔri ba bɛ WHO European Region pistan kɔbiga pʋʋgin (30%) yitnɛ nidib yaan. WHO nɛ CDC gbana pʋʋgin, US tɛŋin maa, yʋʋm wʋsa, nidib 76 million ka banas gbanadi ba dɔlisid diib ni, nidib 325,000 pʋ lɛn nyaŋidi tʋm siela ka nidib 5,000 ɛɛnti kɔɔŋid ba nyɔɔr.

Lin yi yʋʋm tusayi nɛ piinɛ yinnɛ (2011) paae yʋʋm tusayi nɛ piinɛyuobʋ ni (2016), nidib wan wʋʋ 668,673 ka banas gbana ba dɔlisid diib ni ka li dɔlisid anina ka nidib pisi nɛ yinnɛ kɔɔŋidi ba nyɔɔr yʋʋm wʋsa. Linɛ lɛn paas yaas, yʋʋm bama saŋa, diib banas kɔnɔbkɔnɔb 1,007 ka ba da nyɛ ka lin da gbana nidib sieba an 30,395.

## Gbanvɛɛnsa