Dankal

**Dankal** (*Ipomoea batatas*) anɛ di nyɛ'ɛda buudi kanɛ ka bɛ dicotyledonous tiig pɛɛs bɛgin vɛɛnim tiis buudi la ni na, Convolvulaceae. Di bi'ela, starchy, sweet-tasting tuberous rootsmɔri maan nya'a diib (root vegetable). Di anɛ di kanɛ an staple food ka nidib nɔŋi li pamm dunia ni. Banɛ tʋmi li tʋʋma la (Cultivars of the sweet potato) zamis ban na niŋi ka sua li ka li kpɛm mɔr niŋgbiŋ paalig nɛ sin'imnam bɛdigʋ. Dinɛ pɛɛs ya'as anɛ ye ba van paala banɛ nan yit paalim la mɔri did. Dankal nɛ pi'esa la dɔlim anɛ Solanales, dinɛ ke ka ba an buudi kanɛ laa nɛ taaba. Dankal sabila banɛ bɛ North America ba buoni ba nɛ ye "busa", ba nwɛnim nɛ busa mɛŋ-mɛŋ lal nɛ taaba dinɛ an monocots bɛ Dioscoreales dɔlisʋg la.

Dankal pin'il yinɛ tropical regions bɛ South America ka nananna di yʋ'ʋm bɛ Ecuador.

## Paalʋg
Bʋnbʋtir nwa anɛ vaand bʋgʋs nɛ ka li vuud tɛŋin bɛɛ li yaa kpie bʋnwɔk sia li na tɔɔe gbanae li dʋ ka nyaŋidi bɛi tʋʋgid yʋʋm pʋʋgin, ka li vaand sieba yadigi pʋdiga atan bɛɛ an lammiri ka ba puum la tɔɔŋ nɛ til la. Til la vuud nɛ tɛŋin ka maan nyaabaanlig dutanam la ni. vaand la tɔɔŋ nɛ til la. Daʋg kakɛ zanl vaang la waalim anɛ wan wʋʋ 13 paae 51 centimetres (5 to 20 inches). Vaand la kpikpɛmis labisim pʋ zɛnmiya, 5 to 13 cm (2 to 5 in), li anɛ wan wʋʋ sʋsʋnf, siyanini bɛɛ gɛl nɛ, ka an gbilig bɛɛ lammirɛ bɛɛ lin on mɔr labisim atan, li kpikpɛmis la tɔɔn an mummi, bʋasibʋas bɛɛ li pʋdipʋda abʋtan bɛɛ li tɔɔn pʋdi paae abʋyɔpɔi. Vaand la nindaa anɛ saalig, ka kaa gbiribirɛ, ka li naarin la an gbilig bɛɛ pʋlʋm. Vaand la taa anɛ dɛnɛm, amaa ka bʋnsia ɛɛti kɛ ka li kilim dɔnbʋʋlim. Til la waalim bɛn tɔnɔn aen yi 0.5 kɛŋ paae 4 metres (1+1⁄2 nɛ 13 feet). Ba buud sieba busid til duta la ni ka li waalim paad 16 m (52 ft). Amaa, bama pʋ mɔr nyɛɛlim.

Li mɔr zinig kanɛ ka daʋlim nɛ pʋalim laasi bɛ la, nɛ tilbil kanɛ zanl puum kanɛ pʋdig anu la, kɛ ka li zienɛ agɔl sappi. Li paan puum nɛ daar kanɛ ka nintaŋ pʋ waama. Pak kanɛ lus puum la anɛ biela ka waam, ka pʋlʋm ka an (wan wʋʋ ayɔpɔi bɛn) 10 to 15 millimetres (3⁄8 to 5⁄8 in) waalim pʋʋgin, ka mɔr zuob baanlig. Atan banɛ bɛ pʋʋgin la waam biela. Biili maani yit nɛ ayi yaa bɛ kɔnɔbkɔnɔb ka laas taaba pʋʋm saŋa.

Ba puum la lakid ka winig nyaan yit na ka bɛ ala paad hour nam biela. Bɛugʋn yaas ka ba yʋbin ka yʋʋn pinili pʋoe lu tɛŋin. Nyaa kanɛ ka diib bɛ la waam nɛ ka an fuoŋ, ka an saalig ka li kala nam bɛ kɔnɔbkɔnɔb ka sieba an dɔnbʋʋlim, orange, wiig, brown, purple, bɛɛ beige. Li bʋʋlim la kala sieba anɛ beige, pielig, wiig, pink, violet, dɔnbʋʋlim, orange, bɛɛ purple. Dankal sieba banɛ ka ba nyɛɛlim bʋʋlim la an pielig bɛɛ waans dɔnbʋʋlim la pʋ malis ka mɔr kuom wan wʋʋ banɛ an wiig, pink bɛɛ orange la.

## Buudi
Dankal yinɛ South America zinig kanɛ ka ba buon zina ye Ecuador la. Zinig kanɛ ka ba tiak dankal buudi ka li lieb saalibi bɔɔd ye li an siem da pinil nɛ Central bɛɛ South America. Central America tɛŋin, ban dankal banɛ ka ba da gɔsi ba yela da bɛ anina ka li tʋʋg yʋʋm tusanu (5,000) banɛ gaad la, ban da nyɛ *I. batatas* ka li bɛ Yucatán Peninsula linɛ bɛ Mexico la nɛ kɔlig kanɛ ka ba buon Orinoco River ka li bɛ Venezuela la tɛnsʋk la. Daasierɛ tɛŋin la nidibi da tɔlisi li ka li paae Caribbean dim nɛ South America 2500 BCE.

*I. trifida*, anɛ mɔɔg linɛ bɛ mɔɔgin ka wan dankal hali, lin da yi siem na li buudi nam ayiŋa banɛ ka yinnɛ da laas taaba ka li nyaŋi kilim dankal buudi. Ba vɛɛn ya gɔs ka ye dankal kanɛ ka ti mi zina la, ba da nyɛ linɛ bɛ tampilɛma ni bɛ Chilca Canyon, linɛ bɛ south-central zone Peru tɛŋin, ka li paal ye li yuugi paae 8080 ± 170 BC.

**Buudi laasig**

Dankal li mɔr bʋn sia li ni anɛ li DNA ka li yinɛ *[[Agrobacterium]],* *[[sensu lato]]*; lin wanni *[[Rhizobium rhizogenes]]* buudi), ka ba da nyɛ ka bʋnbʋtir la an ala. Li buudi la ba da vɛɛns ya ka li pʋ dɔl nɛ banɛ bɛ mɔɔgin la. Vɛɛnsig paal ye dankal buudi nam tias nɛ ala hali yʋma tusir pʋʋginme, ka li kɛ ka li yʋʋn nyaŋi an sʋʋŋa. Nwa paal ye dankal li da an yiiga bʋnbʋtir kanɛ ka ba da nyɛ ka li laas nɛ buud sieba.

## '''Kuob yɛla'''
**Lin dɔl siem tiik zinig labakuda**

Europeans dimi da nan pʋ kɛn Americas tɛŋin la, dankal da bɛ Polynesia tɛŋin, ka ba kʋʋt nɛ vaandi sɛɛd ka kaa biilifɔ. Dankal da bɛ Cook Islands nɛ 1210–1400 CE. Ba vɛɛns nɛ ka ye daasierɛ Polynesia dim da ansig nɛ vaand la mɔri kɛn Polynesia tɛŋin na, banɛ da kɛn South America ka lɛbid la, anina ka li widigi yi Polynesia paae Easter Island, Hawaii nɛ New Zealand. Ba vɛɛnsi nyɛ ka Polynesian nidibi kuod dankal sia la nɛ American dim ninkʋka din la wan biela wʋʋ Zenú, bama anɛ nimbanɛ bɛ Colombia tɛŋin zina, ka li paal ye Polynesia dim tɔɔn da kɛŋ South America ka paam dankal anina yi Europe dim la nuusin. Dutch buudi nid nɛ onɛ mi Amerindian buudi pianad, Willem Adelaar nɛ Pieter Muysken ye dankal yʋʋr la yinɛ Polynesian nɛ South America buudi pianad ni na: Proto-Polynesian **kumala* (compare Rapa Nui *kumara*, Hawaiian *ʻuala*, Māori *kūmara*) tɔɔn an yinnɛ nɛ Quechua bɛɛ Aymara *k'umar* ~ *k'umara*. Adelaar nɛ Muysken da nyɛ ka yʋʋr la paal ye Central Andes dim nɛ Polynesia dim tɔɔn da sial taaba zinig sia.

Vɛɛnsidib yinɛ ye dankal tɔɔn da dɛŋi bɛ Polynesia tɛŋin yʋma tusa ka ninsaalib nyaan kɛŋ zinin anina. Amaa, banɛ zamis gbana ka yina piana la titaam dɔl nɛ nidibi da sial taaba ka li yadig.

Dankal da paae Europe dɔl nɛ nidibi da tias taaba laad saŋsia la, fʋ yaa gɔs gbaŋ kanɛ ka *Elinor Fettiplace sɔb ka pʋd Receipt Book* la ni, linɛ ka ba da sɔbi li naasaalin  England tɛŋin yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisyuobʋ nɛ anaasi la ni (1604).

Dankal da paae Philippines dim tɛŋin nɛ Spanish colonial period (1521–1898) yi Manila galleons, nɛ dunia bʋnbʋta sieba. Li da paae Fujian banɛ bɛ China la nɛ yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisnu nɛ piswai nɛ anaasi ni (1594) saŋa yi Luzon, ba bʋnbʋtta da sanam la zug. Dankal kuob da nyɛ kpɛmisigi yi onɛ da an Governor Chin Hsüeh-tseng (Jin Xuezeng) sanan.

Dankal da paae Ryukyu Kingdom, zinig kanɛ ka ba buon Okinawa, ka li bɛ Japan zina la, yʋʋm tusir nɛ kɔbisyuobʋ saŋa (1600s) da yinɛ Portuguese ni na. Dankal da kilim diibi tis Japan dim bɔzugɔ lini da sʋŋid ka kɔɔm kae, ba yaa da kua mui ka li pʋ maalɛ. Aoki Konyō da sʋŋi kkɛ ka dankal yadig Japan tɛŋin, ka Tokugawa bakufu mɛ da sʋŋ, sɔb gbana, ka mɛ da tɔlis o vɛɛnsig kanɛ ka o da vɛɛns Japanese buudi pianad ni dankal yel la tis nidib ka li kɛ ka ba kua li bɛdigʋ. Ba da sɛɛd dankal nɛ Shōgun Tokugawa Yoshimune lɔmbɔnɔg ni. Li da paae Korea nɛ yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisyɔpɔi nɛ pisyuobʋ nɛ anaasi ni (1764). Kang P'il-ri nɛ Yi Kwang-ryŏ da gbana gbaar ye ba tʋm dankal tʋʋma bɛ Seoul yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisyɔpɔi nɛ pisyuobʋ nɛ ayuobʋ ni (1766), mɔr nɛ yaam kanɛ ka ba da zamisi yi Japanese dim ni yi Tongnae da pinil yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisyɔpɔi nɛ pisyuobʋ nɛ anaasi ni (1764). Nwa da tʋm ya paae yʋʋm bɛn ka lɛb nyaaŋ ʋʋn saŋa yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisyɔpɔi nɛ pisyuobʋ nɛ ayɔpɔi ni (1767) onɛ yʋʋri buon Kang kum nyaaŋ la.

**Yʋda**

Baa laanɛ lin pʋ kpiem la, ba buon dankal sieba nɛ "busa" bɛ North America zinig sieba, dankal bɛɛ li kɔn nɛ busa mɛŋir (*Dioscorea*), linɛ yadigid tɔɔtɔɔs, ka paas nɛ monocot mɔɔd buudi Dioscoreaceae ni. Mɔɔg yinnɛ mɛn, ka ba buon *oca* (*Oxalis tuberosa*, ka li vaand mɛ labis), ka ba buon ye "busa" dunia zinig sieba ni.

Baa dankal nɛ potato pʋ kpin la, ba yʋʋr la nwan biela. Europe nidib banɛ da lɛm dankal yiiga da anɛ  banɛ da paas Christopher Columbus ka ba tu suori bɛ yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisnaasi nɛ piswai nɛ ayi ni (1492). Lin nyaaŋ ka vɛɛnsidib nyɛ ka nidib kuodi li ka lɛɛ pʋdi li ba buudi yʋda, amaa yʋʋr kanɛ da yʋʋg anɛ Taíno kudumin dimi da pʋd ye *batata* la. Spanish dim da laas nwa nɛ Quechua dim yʋʋr kanɛ ka ba da pʋd dankal, ye *papa*, ani ka ba da buon dankal ye *patata*.

Baa Hebrew dimi mɛ buon dankal ye *batata* (בטטה‎) ba buudi pianadin la, li kaa ye ba wʋm nɛ yi Taíno dim buolig nii. Amaa, Spanish dimi buon *patata* la ka ba da tiaki li lɛbis Arabic ka buon ye *batata* (بطاطا‎), bɔzugɔ, ba pʋ mɔr sɔb bil  /p/ ka li bɛ Arabic nii, lin ka ba da buon dankal ye *batata ḥilwa* (بطاطا حلوة‎); ka li pʋn anɛ ('dankal'). Arabic dimi buon *batata* la Hebrew dim da zamisi li ka buon ka li anɛ dankal maa yʋʋr, bɔzugɔ Hebrew dim da mɔr yʋʋr kanɛ ka ba pʋn tis potato sa ye, תפוח אדמה‎ (*tapuakh adama*, ka li gbin an 'dunia apple'; ka French pianad ni an *pomme de terre*).

Luga sieba nɛ vɛɛnvɛɛnsidib sieba bɔɔd ye ba sɔm yʋʋr la laas mumi li naasaalin la ye—*sweetpotato*—ka kaa ba pʋdigi li ayiŋa, ka li nyaŋi paal ye li bɛ li kɔn nɛ potatoes nɛ busa ka li mɛ kɛ ka nidib da nɔki li maal ye potato. Ban buoni li siem America naasaalin zina, ba laasid yʋʋr la nɛ sɔbid mummi.

Argentina, Colombia, Venezuela, Puerto Rico, nɛ Dominican Republic tɛɛnsin, ba buon dankal ye *batata*. Brazil tɛŋin, ba buon dankal ye *batata doce*. Mexico tɛŋin, Bolivia, Peru, Chile, Central America, nɛ Philippines tɛɛnsin, ba buon dankal ye *camote* (ka sieba sɔbidi li *kamote* bɛ Philippines pianadin), ba nyɛ yʋʋr nwa yinɛ Nahuatl buudi pianak *camotli*. Peru nɛ Bolivia, ban buoni li siem anɛ *apichu*, amaa ba bɛ buudi buudi ka sieba an *khumara*, *kumar* (Ayacucho Quechua), nɛ *kumara* (Bolivian Quechua), li wan nɛ Polynesian dimi buon ye *kumara* nɛ yʋʋr banɛ paas (*kumala*, *umala*, *ʻuala*, etc.), linɛ kɛ ka vɛɛnsidib ye li yinɛ pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact ni. Vɛɛnsig nwa mɛ nyɛ paŋi yinɛ ban vɛɛnsi gɔs mɔɔg la tuŋ ka li an ala.

Australia tɛŋin, ban kuod dankal sia anɛ abija 'Beauregard', linɛ da yi nɛ Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station ni yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisnii nɛ yinnɛ ni (1981).

New Zealand tɛŋin, Māori buudi da nyɛɛd fʋomafʋoma ka ba paad nɛ bʋʋlim la an pielig, linɛ ka ba gɔs ka ye li yinɛ European dim banɛ da tuud suor la ni na. Ba buon ye *kumara* (yit nɛ Māori pianad ni, *kūmara*), ban kuod sɔ saŋa nwa anɛ bʋnzian la 'Owairaka', amaa, ba mɛ kuod orange ('Beauregard'), gold, purple nɛ sieba.

## Pa,alʋg

### Zinig
Mɔɔg la pʋ bɔɔd zinig kanɛ maad paa nɛ. Li nɔbigid sʋŋa zinig banɛ ka tʋʋlig zɛnmis wʋʋ 24 °C (75 °F), ka nintaŋ mɛ bɛ ka tʋʋlig bɛ yʋʋŋyʋʋŋ. Ka yʋʋm wʋsa saa makir bɛn an wʋʋ 750–1,000 mm (30–39 in) zinig ban ka li bɔɔd, ka li nɔbigir saŋa la mɛ an wan wʋʋ 500 mm (20 in). Bʋnbʋtir la pʋ bɔɔd kuonɔŋɔ, li yaa pinin nyɛɛb la, wan wʋʋ dabpisnu paae dabpisyuobʋ saŋa (50–60 days) ka sɛɛb nyaaŋ, li mɛ pʋ lɛn bɔɔd kuom alasaa, li yaa kaa ala nyɛɛlim la na pʋnɔe ka sanam nyaa la pɛbisim kae la zug.

Li bɛnɛ zinig la an siem nɛ lin an dankal sia, mɔɔd banɛ maan diib nyaa ni maani ba diib lin yi nwadis ayi paae awai ni. fʋ yaa gɔsi ba titua ka ba nyaŋi maal tɔɔ li na nyaŋi zien zinig banɛ ka tɛŋ la tul, ka ba sieba an Eastern United States nɛ China. Dankal pʋ maan puum winnig yaa yi hali tʋʋg hour piinɛyinnɛ, wan wʋʋ tʋʋlig la bɛ siem zinis sieba la. Ba digini ba bʋnbuuda nɛ til, bɛɛ nyaa bɛɛ o daʋg linɛ na ti bus vaand. Bielim la ka ba lɛɛ mɔri bud ka li bʋnpaala yit nas.

Ba nɔbigid sʋŋa ba yaa nyɛt bʋnsieba ka mɛ mɔr dataas; ba pʋ bɔɔd tiim kanɛ puusidi kʋʋd mɔɔd la. Dankal bɔɔd tɛŋ sʋŋ zinigin, zinig kanɛ ka kuom pʋ diginida, ka nintaŋ bɛ- ka tɛŋ la kaa kuga wala ka li zɛɛnsim an wan wʋʋ 4.5–7.0 mɔɔg la bɔɔd tɛŋ sia la. Fʋ tɔnɔ sɛɛ li tɛnkanɛ ka kʋʋlʋm kae ka mɛ niŋ bugulum biela. amaa, dankal pʋ bɔɔd zɛɛnsim siebaa ka linɛ ka ba buon aluminium toxicity la ka na kpi bakwai ayuobʋ yela ka sɛɛb nyaaŋ fʋ yaa pʋ gɛndig linɛ buon lime la sɛ zinig ban buudi nii. Ban sɛɛ di ba ka kaa linɛ bʋd la, dankal sɛɛb pʋ tɔi ya. Vaand la yaa ti bus, li bɔɔd kuob biela. Tiim kanɛ ka ba mɔri puusidi yisid mɔɔd banɛ paas dankal  pʋʋgin anɛ DCPA, ka ba mɛ lɛn buon ye Dacthal. Tɛŋ banɛ ni ka tʋʋlig bɛ la, fʋ tɔnɔ bas nyɛɛlim la tɛŋin la ka tuud bielbiel dʋgʋd bɛɛ kuosid. Tʋʋlig zinis la ni, ba bʋd dankal nɛ pɔtitada ni ka tuud ka maasig saŋa nyaan paad.

Ba kuod dankal maasig nɛ tʋʋlig saŋa wʋsa kuom yaa bɛ ka ba na nyaŋi vue. Dankal da yi paalʋ na an diib bʋn bɛnɛ Pacific Ocean, South India, Uganda nɛ Africa tɛŋ sieba ni.

Dankal buudi yinnɛ kanɛ ka ba buon *boniato* ka Caribbean dim kuod; li bʋʋlim la wan wʋʋ cream-color an siem, lin pʋ wanna abija bɛɛ banɛ kpɛlim ka ba kuod la. *Boniatos* pʋ malis ka mɔr kuom wan wʋʋ dankal siebaa, amaa ba malisim la bɛɛ li kɔn nɛ onɛ mɔr orange color la.

Dankal paas saalib banɛ bɛ U.S. diib pʋʋgin bɛ ba kudumin dim yela ni, li kaskas anɛ li yadagɔbʋg-nyaaŋ. Ban did dankal siem bɛ United States anɛ wan wʋʋ 1.5–2 kg (3.3–4.4 lb) yʋʋm pʋʋgin, kɛŋ paae 13 kg (29 lb) yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisi ni (1920). "Dankal banɛ an dɔnbuulum buudi la (dankal kanɛ zuoe bɛ US) da nyɛ nidib siakir bɛdigʋ gaad banɛ an yellow bɛɛ purple nam la." nidib da pʋ nɔŋ Purple nɛ yellow dankalnam wan wʋʋ ban nɔŋ orange dankal siem la "daasierɛ nidib la miilim nɛ orange color ka dankal la color mɛ an ala."

Fʋ yaa kɛŋ yadagɔbʋg-yanyaaŋ U.S., ba da yisid ku'om la nɛ ka basidi li ka li nyaŋi digini yuug, ka malisim paas, ka maal ningbina sʋŋa, ka bas ka zinig banɛ kia tuub saŋa la da kɛ ka li sanam. Fun na niŋ siem sʋa nɛɛ tituaa anɛ fʋn na dɛlig linɛ ka fʋ tu paalim la tɛŋin hour ayi bɛɛ atan ka sua li zinig kanɛ ka tʋʋlig an 29–32 °C (85–90 °F) ka pɛbisim bɛ lin yi da ba nu paae piinɛnaasi. Dankal banɛ ka ba sʋa sʋʋŋa na nyaŋi bɛ paae nwadis piinɛ atan fʋ yaa sʋa li zinig kanɛ ka tʋʋlig an wan wʋʋ 13–15 °C (55–59 °F) ka pɛbisim bɛ. waad sanamid nyɛɛlim la nɛ.

**kuob**

Yʋʋm tusayi nɛ pisi ni (2020), dunia wʋsa dankal kuob da anɛ  89 million tonnes, ka tɛŋ kanɛ da kua gaad o taaba an China da mɔr nɛ pisnu nɛ anu, kɔbiga pʋʋgin (55%) dankal kanɛ bɛ dunia wʋsa. Banɛ da dɔl nyaaŋ  da anɛ Malawi, Tanzania, nɛ Nigeria. Li anɛ di kanɛ paasa anu ni ka tɛnbanɛ nan nɔbigid la kuod. Ba maan vɛɛnsig ye ba yina nɛ dankal banɛ na nyaŋi nyɛɛ yaarim zinig ban na niŋ siem ka saa nɛ nintaŋ da sanami baa.

**Banas**

Dankal banas anɛ Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (Crinivirus). Li yaa laas nɛ banas siebanam, Untiveros et al., 2007 da vɛɛnsi nyɛ ka SPCSV maligim mɔr paŋ hali sanamidi ba. *I. batatas* namisid nɛ *Phytophthora*s banas ka ba sieba an *P. carotovorum*, *P. odoriferum*, nɛ *P. wasabiae*.

## Tʋʋma
**Biim** 

 

Dankal kanɛ ka ba dug (ka ba sɛnɛ) mɔr kuom 76%, 21% carbohydrates, 2% protein, nɛ kpaam finn).  Fʋ yaa nɔk 100 gram, dankal sɛnɛda tisid 90 calories, ka mɔr (20% bɛɛ li gaad ala, Daily Value, DV) mɔr vitamin A (120% DV), vitamin C (24% DV), manganese (24% DV), nɛ vitamin B6 (20% DV). Ka laabama mɛ bɛ biela (10–19% DV) an B vitamins nɛ potassium. Sikir kanɛ bɛ pʋʋgin la wʋʋ pisnu paae piswai, kɔbiga pʋʋgin (50% and 90% ) an sikir kanɛ ka ba buon sucrose. Maltose pʋ zuoe li pʋʋginɛ, amaa fʋ yaa tʋligi li bugum ni, li na kɛ ka maltose kanɛ bɛ pʋʋgin la nɔbig an wʋʋ piiga paae pisi, kɔbiga pʋʋgin (10% nɛ 20% tɛnsʋk).

Dankal buudi banɛ ka ba bʋʋlim la color an sabilig biela la mɔr beta-carotene (nwa tiakid nɛ kilimid vitamin A, fʋ yaa dii li) gaad banɛ mɔr bʋʋlim la ka li pɛlig, ka ba kpɛmisid Africa dim ye ba kua bɔzugɔ anina ka vitamin A an yela ka li an banasi tis nidib. Dankal vaand la anɛ diib bʋn ka fʋ na nyaŋi dʋgi li wan wʋʋ zɛnmaasa nɛ.

**makir ne disi'eba**

Tebul kanɛ bɛ tɛŋir la paal nɛ dankal nɛ di sieba ka ba diti ba siem**<sup>[G]</sup>** ba yaa an kpiemis, ban nyaŋi baŋ kuom kanɛ bɛ diib woo pʋʋgin la zug. Baa Dankal pʋ tisid paŋ wala sa bɛɛ maan ningbina wala sa fʋ yaa nɔki ba mak nɛ bielim diib tɛbisim pʋʋgin, li maan ningbina gat bielim diib.

Vɛɛnsig kanɛ ka United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization vɛɛns la paal ye dankal anɛ dikanɛ ka fʋ na nyaŋi sɛ fʋ pɔɔgin, ka li nyɛɛd wan wʋʋ 70,000 kcal hectare pʋʋgin (28,000/acre) / day.

**<sup>A</sup>**Kawɛnkansa banɛ an dɔnbuulum

**<sup>B</sup>** Mui kansa banɛ wa'am ka an piela

**<sup>C</sup>** Ki zin'a kanɛ kpi'em tuulug saŋa

**<sup>D</sup>** Dankal kansa banɛ mɔr buulum nɛ gbaŋ

**<sup>E</sup>** Banki kansa

**<sup>F</sup>** Maagi banɛ an dɛn'ɛn la kansa

**<sup>G</sup>** Dankal kansa

**<sup>H</sup>** Bɛlikɔ kansa

**<sup>Y</sup>** Buskansa

**<sup>Z</sup>**Boodie kansa

**Diib dʋgʋb**

Dankal la nyɛɛlim an bʋnlinɛ pak bʋnbʋtir nwa ni. zinig banɛ ka tʋʋlig bɛ la, nyɛɛlim la anɛ diibi tis buud sieba. Ba dʋgʋd nyɛɛlim la ka nyaan dit lin na niŋ siem ka li maal ningbiŋ diib sʋʋŋa ka buoe ningbiŋ la ni, amaa America nidib banɛ da mugusidi ba taaba bɛ yadagɔbʋg-yatuona da ɔnbid dankal kansa ka li an ba diib.

Li vaand la nɛ li vanpɔla la anɛ zɛɛnd kanɛ malis hali. Fʋ tɔɔe nɔki ba vankʋda la tis bʋnkɔnbid ka ba ɔnb.

**Africa**

*Amukeke* (linɛ ka ba sɛ dɛlig ka li kʋdʋg) nɛ *inginyo* (linɛ ka ba buari dɛlig ka li kʋdʋg) anɛ diibi tis ninbanɛ bɛ yadatiʋŋ-yanyaaŋ Uganda tɛŋin. *Amukeke* anɛ bɛʋgin diib, ka ba dit nɛ sʋnma zɛɛnd. *Inginyo* anɛ linɛ ka ba laasid nɛ bankyi zɔɔm nɛ punsa maan *atapa*. Nidib dʋgʋd *atapa* nɛ zimi banɛ ka ba ɔɔnl ka dit nɛ sʋnma zɛɛnd bɛɛ cowpea vaand kpiemis ka ba nɔki paas sʋnma zɛɛnd ni. *Emukaru* (earth-baked root) anɛ linɛ ka ba dit saŋa wʋsa lin nɛ tea bɛɛ suma zɛɛnd. Ba mɛ mɔri li maan diib bɛdigʋ bɛ South Sudan.

Vaand la, banɛ an pɔla la mɔri dʋgʋd zɛɛndi bɛ tɛɛns banɛ bɛ West African la (Guinea, Sierra Leone nɛ Liberia, ba sieba la), nɛ yadatiʋŋ-yanyaaŋ Uganda, East Africa. nwa dɔl nɛ FAO leaflet No. 13 – 1990, dankal vaand nɛ nyɛɛlim la anɛ diib kanɛ mɔr vitamins A, C, and B2 (riboflavin), ka vɛɛnsig kanɛ ka  A. Khachatryan maal la paal ye li mɔr linɛ ka naasaanam buon lutein la.

Kenya tɛŋin, Rhoda Nungo onɛ bɛ economics department Ministry of Agriculture sɔb gbaŋ kanɛ paan dankal ka ba mɔri maan disieba. Nwa pʋʋgin paanɛ linɛ ka ba tua ka li kʋdʋg nɛ linɛ ka ba nɛɛm ka li kilim zɔɔm ka ba nɔki li ka li die sikir nɔbir ka ba mɔri sɛnɛd diib wan wʋʋ cake, chapatis, mandazis, bodobodo, buns nɛ cookies. Ba mɔr banɛ ka ba kala an orange la nyɛɛlim la maan daam ka sieba mɛ mɔri ba kiimid ka ba ɔnbid.

Egypt tɛŋin, dankal nyɛɛlim ka ba buon *batata* (بطاطا‎) anɛ dikanɛ bɛ zinig wʋsa waad saŋa, ka banɛ bɛ suoyanamin la sɛɛdi kuosidi tisid Nidib banɛ dɔl Nile koldaagin la gad. Nidib mɔr onɛ ka o kala an orange la nɛ onɛ an pielig la nyɛɛlim maan diib. Ba mɛ sɛnɛdiba yaan ka mɔr siindi gɛndigid ka ba yaa di diibi naae ka nɔki saae nɔɔr.

Ethiopia tɛŋin, dankal buudi kanɛ ka ba kuod anina titaam anɛ banɛ ka ba pak la an sabilik, ka nyɛɛlim la kala an wan wʋʋ cream ka ba buoni li *bitatis* bɛɛ *mitatis*. Ba kuodi ba bɛ yanyaaŋ nɛ yadagɔbʋg kʋkʋna ni ka tuud saa wakad (Sigir/Mɔraug). Yʋʋm banɛ gaad la, banɛ ka ba nyɛɛlim kala an orange da yina, ka banɛ da yisi li na an Haramaya University ka ban da an sʋm ka sikir pʋ zuoe pʋʋginɛ ka mɛ mɔr vitamin A bɛdigʋ. Nidib bɛdigʋ dʋgid dankal ka nyaan dit.

South Africa tɛŋin, ba pʋ dit dankal maa nɛ, ba lɛɛ paasidi li nɛ disieba ni ka ba yinnɛ an soetpatats.

**Asia**

East Asia tɛŋin, dankal sɛnɛda anɛ dinɛ ka di yʋʋr yi hali ba tɛnkpɛmisin. China sʋʋlim, dankal, banɛ an dɔnbʋʋlim la, ba sɛnɛdi ba kʋnt gbila pʋʋgin kuosid waad saŋa. Korea tɛŋin, dankal, ka ba buon ye *goguma*, anɛ dikanɛ ka ba sɛnɛd, ba saani ba siel pʋʋgin bɛɛ bugum pielim zugʋ kuosid, li kaskas anɛ waad saŋa. Japan tɛŋin, ban maani li siem ka li dɔl wʋʋ Korea dim maalig la, ban buon ye *yaki-imo* (dankal sɛnɛda), ba mɔr nɛ linɛ ka bʋʋlim an dɔnbʋʋlim la "Japanese dankal" bɛɛ onɛ an purple la "Okinawan dankal", ka ba buon ye *beni-imo*.

Dankal zɛnɛd, ka ba dit waad saŋa la, anɛ dankal ka ba dʋg kuom ni ka gɛndig sikir nɛ ginger. Fujian cuisine nɛ Taiwanese cuisine ni, ba dʋgʋd dankal nɛ mui maan kɔɔkɔ. Dankal kanɛ ka ba waae nɛ dinɛ ka ba dɛlig ka li kʋdʋg anɛ diib hali tis Liancheng County. Dankal vaand la anɛ diibi tis Taiwanese cuisine, ka ba dʋgʋd bɛɛ kiimid kpaam biela pʋʋgin dit nɛ garlic nɛ maagi diib, bɛɛ ban niŋ yaarim ka nyaan gbines. Nwa nɛ dankal diib bɛdigʋ bɛ bento (Pe̍h-ōe-jī: *piān-tong*) diib kuosʋg zinis ni. Northeastern Chinese cuisine ni, ba nwaasid dankal nɛ bielbiel ka kiimid, ka nyaan kwaae niŋ zɛnɛd kanɛ pʋn dʋgʋd pʋʋgin.

Sʋʋlim sieba banɛ bɛ India tɛŋin, ba sɛnɛd dankal bugum saana ni yʋʋŋ ka pigisidi dit, amaa banɛ bɛ yadagɔbʋg la on ɛɛti dʋg nɛ kuomin ka li biik ka ba nyaan pigis paad la, ka nwaasi la gbila gbila dʋg nɛ zɛnmaasa. Indian sʋʋlim kanɛ ka ba buon Tamil Nadu ni, ba buoni li ye *sakkara valli kilangu*. Ba dʋgʋdi li dit yʋʋŋ. India zinig sieba ni, ba nwaasid dankal maasa nɛ dɛligid ka nɛɛmid ka li kilid dankal zɔɔm; ka ba nɔk wheat zɔɔm gɛndig ka sɛnɛ li ka li kilim *chapatti* (bodobodo). Dankal banɛ ka ba kuod India tɛŋin piinɛnu nɛ pisi kɔbiga pʋʋgin, ba ɛɛti tiaki li nɛ ka li kilim bʋnɔnbida. Sieba kuod dankal la ye ba diis bʋnkɔnbid nɛ niigi.

Pakistan tɛŋin, ba buon dankal ye *shakarqandi* ka ba mɛ dʋgʋdi li nɛ zɛnmaasa zɛnɛd ka lɛn an niim zɛnɛd (nua niim, pɛɛg niim, bɛɛ naaf niim). Dankal banɛ ka ba sɛnɛd nɛ saana la anɛ diib ka ba kuosid bɛ Pakistani bazaars li kaskas anɛ waad saŋa.

Sri Lanka tɛŋin, ba buon dankal ye *bathala*, ka ba mɔri maan bɛʋgʋn diib (ba ɔnbid dankal dʋgʋda nɛ kube kuom) bɛɛ ba dʋgi li di kɔn di nɛ mui.

Dankal nyɛɛlim la, ka Dhivehi dim buon ye *kattala*, ba mɔri li ka li an dikpɛŋi bɛ Maldives. Ba nwaad vaand la paasidi maan diib ka yinnɛ an *mas huni*.

Japan tɛŋin, ba kuod dankal (ka ba buon *satsuma-imo*) nɛ busa (ka ba buon *daijo* bɛɛ *beni-imo*). Ban dʋgʋd siem anɛ ba dʋg ka di lɛɛg kuom pʋʋgin, sɛnɛb nɛ waar. Ba mɛ lɛn kiimid diib anina. *Daigaku-imo* (ja:大学芋) anɛ ba yaa sɛnɛ dankal ka paas sikir bɛɛ bʋnmalisiŋ sia. Lin malis ka tabis la zug, ba mɔri li bɛ *imo-kinton* nɛ ba dimalisima, ka yinnɛ an *ofukuimo*. Ka ba buoni li ye "sweet potato" (ja:スイートポテト) Japan tɛŋin, li anɛ cake kanɛ ka ba nɔk Dankali nɛɛm maal. *Shōchū*, anɛ Japanese dim diib kanɛ ka ba mɔr mui kanɛ miigi maan, ba mɛ tɔɔn nɔk Dankal li maal, ka ba buon lin ye *imo-jōchū*. *Imo-gohan*, ba yaa dʋg dankal nɛ mui, anɛ dinɛ ka di yʋʋr yi Guangdong, Taiwan nɛ Japan tɛɛns ni. Ba diti li *nimono* bɛɛ *nitsuke* pʋʋg, dʋgʋ li ka paas soy sauce, *mirin* nɛ *dashi*.

Korean cuisine ni, ba mɔr dankal titabid la maan *dangmyeon* (cellophane taliya). Ba dʋgʋd dankal kuomin ka li lɛɛg, ka walisid ka mɛ lɛn sɛnɛd, ka nyɛɛlim banɛ an baanlig la ka ba dit ka li buon *namul*. Pizza kuosig zinis ni wan wʋʋ Pizza Hut nɛ Domino banɛ bɛ Korea tɛŋin mɔr dankal li paan zugin. Korean dim dikanɛ ka di yʋʋr yi ka ba buon, *goguma-mattang*, ka ba lɛn buon ye Korean candied dankal la, ba kiimid dankal la nɛ nwaasi ba bɛdabɛda ka nɔk sikiri bʋlʋgi li.

Malaysia nɛ Singapore, ba nwaasid dankal nɛ banalig ka dʋgi li nɛ taro nɛ kube kuom (*santan*) ka dikanɛ ka di kilimid la yʋʋr an *bubur cha cha*. Ban dʋgʋd dankal siem ka nidib nɔŋi li anɛ fʋn na nwaasinwaasi li kiim, ka diti li nɛ tea. Yaan la, ba dʋgʋd dankal nɛ kuom pʋʋgin. Dankal vaand la Malaysia dim kiimid din nɛ garlic maa bɛɛ *sambal belacan*.

Philippines tɛŋin, dankal (ka ba buudi pianad ni an *camote* bɛɛ *kamote*) anɛ dikpɛŋ hali tis banɛ bɛ tɛnkpɛmisin la. Li anɛ dikanɛ ka banɛ an tidimnam la titaam dit daar wʋsa bɔzugɔ li kuob pʋ tɔi wan wʋʋ mui. Ba dʋgʋdi li nɛ bɛɛ ban sɛnɛ li bugum saana ni ka nɔki li lɔs sikir pʋʋgin bɛɛ zɛnɛdin di. Vanpɔla nɛ buspaala la (ka ba buon ye *talbos ng kamote* bɛɛ *camote* tops) anɛ diibi tisi ba ka ba sɛɛdi niŋid salad nii gɛndig nɛ zɛɛnd kanɛ ka ba nɔk zimi maal. Ba sieba dʋgʋdi li kuomiisim ni nɛ zɛnɛd kanɛ ka ba nɔk bɛŋa maal ka diti li nɛ ziŋkiima (ka ba buon ye *adobong talbos ng kamote*), bɛɛ ba di nɛ bʋnlinɛ ka ba buon *sinigang*. Kuom kanɛ ka ba siligidi yit *camote* tops ni la kala anɛ purple, ka ba gɛndigidi li nɛ lemon kuom nud. Ba kuosid dankal suor nɔya ni nɛ tɛnkpɛmisin. Ba mɔr sikiri bʋlʋgʋd dankal kiima kuosid ka li an nintaŋ diib. Ba mɔr dankal li maan *halo-halo* linɛ ka ba buon *ginatan*, lin anɛ ba dʋg dankal la nɛ kube kuom pʋʋgin nɛ sikir kanɛ ka ba gɛndig sielnam wan wʋʋ rootcrops, sago, jackfruit, nɛ *bilu-bilo* (glutinous rice balls). Bodobodo kanɛ ka ba nɔk dankal li maal yʋʋr mɛ yi ya hali. Dankal kuob anɛ naanaa, ka tɛnkpɛmisin ka ba bɛ bɛdigʋ kuosuoya ni. linɛ ka ba pʋ sɛɛ ka li yii li mɛŋ la anɛ kurkurnam din.

Indonesia tɛŋin, ba buon dankal ye *ubi jalar* (lit: "nyɛɛlim kanɛ tɛɛnd") bɛɛ *ubi* giŋa, ka ba kiimid nɛ laasieba dit nɛ kodu kiimi, tempeh, tahu, breadfruit, bɛɛ cassava. Kʋkʋna banɛ bɛ West Papua ni la, dankal anɛ ba dikpɛŋ. Ba dɔlisid nɛ *bakar batu* dʋgʋb suor, tampiins banɛ nyʋʋe bugum ka ba lɔbidi niŋid bʋnbɔk kanɛ ka vaand bɛɛ li pʋʋgin. Dankal ka ba pak, ka laas zɛnvaand, nɛ kurkur niim tampiing zug. Ba nɔkid vaand bɛdigʋ paani li zugin, ka dʋgi li hour nam bɛdigʋ ka li kɛ ka tʋʋlig la nyaŋi nwɛɛ dʋg laabanɛ bɛ pʋʋgin la.

Vietnamese cuisine tɛŋin, ba buon dankal ye *khoai lang* ka ba dʋgʋd nɛ laamalisa wan wʋʋ corn syrup, siind, sikir, bɛɛ molasses.

Dankal vanpɔla la ka ba mɔri maan biis diib, li kaskas anɛ Southeast Asia nɛ East Asia. Dankal kanɛ ka ba nɛɛm mɛ bɛ dunia wʋsa.

###### United States
Dankal kanɛ ka ba bʋlʋg sikir mɛ anɛ dikanɛ ka ba mɔri dit nɛ disieba ka ba maan nɛ brown sugar, marshmallows, maple syrup, molasses, orange juice, *marron glacé*, bɛɛ laabanɛ malis sieba. Ba diti li US titaam nɛ bareka pʋʋsim saŋa. Dankal casserole anɛ dikanɛ ka ba nɔk dankal kanɛ ka ba tua nɛ casserole maal, ka ba bʋlʋg nɛ sikir bɛɛ pecan.

Dankal anɛ dikanɛ ka nidib nɔŋi li hali bɛ French nɛ Spanish tɛŋ dimi bɛ zinig sia, ka li paal ye ba da pinili li kuob hali bɛnɛ Louisiana. Tɛŋ banɛ gɔs ka dankal an tɛŋ la zɛnvaadi hali anɛ Alabama, Louisiana, nɛ North Carolina. Dankal kiima anɛ dikpɛŋ hali tis Southern U.S. cuisine. Dankal kiima la buudi sia anɛ Okinawan sweet potato haupia pie, linɛ ka ba nɔk dankal kanɛ an purple la maal.

Ba da pinil dankal kiimig nɛ nineteenth century sa bɛ United States. Dankal kiima maalig pʋ tɔe ya ka anɛ ban na kiimi li kpaam pʋʋgin. Ba da sɛnɛd dankal banɛ ka ba buar bɛɛ nwaas ka nɔki lɔs kpaam pʋʋgin yaae ka tʋʋlʋgi li nɛ bugum yiiga bɛnɛ United States 21st century pinilig saŋa, diib kanɛ ka ba buon "dankal kiima". Ba mɔr dankal dʋgʋda kanɛ ka ba nɛɛm ka li bʋlʋgi paasid disieba pʋʋgin dit, li kaskas anɛ ba yaa laas ye ba maal malisim bɛɛ banɛ sɛnɛd niim zinisin.

Ba buon John Bettencourt Avila ye "dankal kpaadib yaab" bɛ North America.

**Oceania**

Māori dim buudi da kua ba kɔɔbkɔɔb bʋnbaalig, banɛ paadi an dɔnbʋʋlim, ka ba zɛm wʋʋ nuubil nɛ ka ba buon kūmara (ka li yʋda sieba an *taputini*, *taroamahoe*, *pehu*, *hutihuti*, and *rekamaroa*) banɛ ka ba da mɔri yi Polynesia tɛŋin na. Ba vɛɛn vɛɛnsa gɔs ka li an ye banɛ an baanlig la maan sʋʋŋa, amaa America nidib banɛ da tuud suori dɔlisid kuomin da mɔr bʋnbɛda na 19th century pinilig saŋa, ka ba da yadig tɛŋ tɔɔtɔ.

Lin da waae yʋʋm tusayi nɛ pisi nɛ yinnɛ ni la (2021), banɛ gɔsid kʋdʋmin laad yela da vɛɛns ya ka ye dankal da pʋ nyaŋi maal titua bɛ New Zealand south linɛ bɛ Christchurch sʋʋlim la ba tɛŋ la mɔr waad la zug, ka li da kɛ ka Māori buudi nidib la an (ban nɛ Moriori dim banɛ bɛ Chatham Islands) nimbanɛ bɛ Polynesian sʋʋlim an tɔnɔsnam. Amaa, yʋʋm tusayi nɛ pisi nɛ yinnɛ (2021) vɛɛnsig kanɛ ka ba da vɛɛnsi yi laabanɛ ka ba nyɛ bʋnbɔk sia ni ka li kpie Dunedin, an wʋʋ 250 km (160 mi) yadagɔbʋg, da paal ye ba da kuod dankal ka suadi li 15th century, ka li kuob nyaan da lɛb nyaaŋ ka ba ye li anɛ waad yela.

Māori dim buon dankal dʋgʋda ye kūmara ka ba ɛɛti sɛnɛ li bɛ hāngī (sɛnɛb dɔɔg). Ba nan maana ala ba yaa laas taaba ba laasig zinig kanɛ ka ba buon marae ni.

Yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisnaasi nɛ ayɔpɔi ni (1947), black rot (*Ceratocystis fimbriata*) da yi kūmara na bɛ Auckland tɛŋin baba ka nɔbig bɛdigʋ yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisnu nam saŋa la (1950s). Joe nɛ Fay Gock da paam yinnɛ kanɛ ka wisieba pʋ tɔɔe o. Ba da nɔki li tis tɛŋ la kpɛɛmnam, ka li da kɛ ka ba die piini kanɛ buon Bledisloe Cup yʋʋm tusayi nɛ piinɛ atan ni (2013).

kūmara buudi la mɔr abʋtan ka ba kuosid New Zealand tɛŋin: 'Owairaka Red' ("red"), 'Toka Toka Gold' ("gold"), nɛ 'Beauregard' ("orange"). Tɛŋ la kuod dankal wan wʋʋ 24,000 metric tons yʋʋm wʋsa pʋʋgin, ka li titaam, piswai nɛ ayɔpɔi, kɔbiga pʋʋgin (97%) ba kuodi bɛnɛ Northland Region. Dankal ka ba buon Kūmara la bɛ New Zealand tɛŋin saŋa wʋsa yʋʋm pʋʋgin, ka anina ka ba die potatoes nɔbir.

Kūmara paas dibanɛ ka ba sɛnɛd pʋʋgin, ka ba diti li nɛ cream kanɛ pʋ Malisa nɛ nanzʋʋs. Ba diti li nɛ zɛnmaasa wan wʋʋ potatoes nɛ yʋa ka ba maan siem la, ka ba maani li nɛ laabanɛ na paas ka zɛnɛd malis. Ba pɛɛl zinis banɛ ka ba kuosid laad ni, zinis banɛ ka ba sɛnɛd diib bʋnamɛ kuosid nɛ bʋnbʋad banɛ ka ba dʋgʋd ka ba buoni ba anina ye hāngī la ni.

Nidib banɛ an Urapmin buudi bɛ Papua New Guinea, buon dankal ye taro (ka Urap pianad ni an *ima*) ka lɛn mɔr dankal yinnɛ (Urap: *wan*) anɛ dibanɛ sʋŋid hali, ka ban buon 'diib' nɛ sɔb sia Urap pianad ni la laas nɛ yʋda ayi nwa.

**Europe**

Veneto (northeast Italy) sʋʋlim, ba buon dankal ye *patata mericana*, bɛ Venetian buudi pianad ni (*patata americana* bɛ Italian buudi pianad ni, ka li gbin an "America dankal"), ka ba kuodi li zinis wʋsa bɛ yadagɔbʋg, region la ni;.

Spain tɛŋin, ba buon dankal ye *boniato*. Yʋʋŋ kanɛ ka ba diemid diemkanɛ ka ba buon All Souls' Day, bɛ Catalonia (northeastern Spain) la, dikanɛ ka ba dit titaam anɛ dankal sɛnɛda nɛ chestnuts, panellets nɛ damalisiŋ. Ba buon tigir nwa ye *La Castanyada*. Yʋʋm tusayi nɛ pisi nɛ atan ni (2023), Spain da anɛ tɛŋ kanɛ kua dankal li gaadi o taaba bɛ Europe sʋʋlim.

**South America**

Peru sʋʋlim, ba buon dankal ye *camote* ka ba dit nɛ zimi diib. Dankal kiima anɛ dikanɛ ka ba kuosid zinig wʋsa anina, suoyanam ni nɛ diib kuosig zinis.

Dulce de batata anɛ dikanɛ ka Argentine, Paraguayan nɛ Uruguayan dit, ka li anɛ dankal ka ba nɔki maal. Li malis nɛ, ka lɛɛ kpiem biela ka ba mɔr sʋʋgi nwaad bielbieli dit.

**Dunia wʋsa**

Dunia wʋsa ni, dankal anɛ bʋnlinɛ ka ba mɔri paasidi dʋgʋd mui nɛ disieba, li kaskas anɛ maki rolls. Onɛ da pinili nɔk Dankal li paasi dʋg mui nɛ disieba anɛ Bun Lai onɛ bɛ Miya's Sushi ni, onɛ da maal dankal li gbilim ka gɛndig sielnami li pʋʋg yiiga yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ piswai nam saŋa (1990s) on da bɔɔd ye o nɔk bʋnbʋtiri maal wan wʋʋ ban da mɔr zimi maan sushi rolls siem la.

### Dʋgibʋ an siɛm siɛm
Dankal yaa niŋ maasʋg ni, li na kilim kpiɛʋŋ. Fʋ tɔɔn sɛɛ zinŋ kani ka tʋʋlʋg pʋ zʋoe bɛɛ zinŋkanɛ ka tʋʋlig zʋoe ka li kɛ ka li malisimla yina kilim wɔɔ sikir nɛ.

**Yaabig**

Ba yaab dankal bɛɛ *camotes* titaam bɛ Peru sʋʋlim ka buud banɛ maal la buon Moche buudi.

**Dyes**

South America tɛŋin, ba laasid dankal wiig la kuom nɛ lime juice mɔri maan dye maan fuud. Ba yaa laas bama kuom la, ba tɔɔe maal fuud ka ba an wiid bɛɛ li buudi paae sabilig gba. Dankal kanɛ an Purple la, ba mɔri maan diib ka li vɛnl.

**Kuom pʋʋg**

Fʋ yaa nwaae dankal vaand la, fʋ ye fʋ dinɛ bɛɛ fʋ yaa bɔɔd ye li maal vɛnlim, ba na maal nyaa kuom la pʋʋgin ka nɔbig anina, ka siel kʋ maali baa, nintaŋ yaa paadi ba ka ba mɛ paamid ban nar ye ba mɔr siel ka nyaŋi nɔbig. Nwa yela, dankal sʋʋm zinig anɛ kuom zinis banɛ bɛ yaan, ka li vaand la yi yiiŋa ka nyaa la baa kuom la pʋʋgin, bɔzugɔ dinɛ kɛt ka ba nɔbigid tɔɔtɔɔ anina anɛ ammonia nɛ nitrates, bʋnvʋya banɛ bɛ kuomin la bina, ka li yisidi li kuom la pʋʋgin. Nwa kɛt ka zimi vʋm an sʋʋm kuom la pʋʋgin, ka li nyaa la mɛ an sʋak zinigi tis zimi la.

**Vɛnlim**

Dankal banɛ ka ba bʋd vɛnlim yela ka ba bɛ tɛngbaŋ zug, container ni, bɛ bɛdnam pʋʋgin. Ba gɔsid o yʋʋm bɛn ni bɛ USDA hardiness Zone 9, ba nɔbigid tɔɔtɔ ka bʋsid vaandi yadigid tɔɔtɔ. Ba bɛ kɔnɔbkɔnɔb kala pʋʋgin ka sieba an dɛnɛm, dɔnbʋʋlim, nɛ. Dankal buudi banɛ ka ba gɔsidi ba vɛnlim yela sieba anɛ 'Blackie', li maan pʋʋm gati o taaba. Ba pʋ mɔr daʋŋi tis ninsaal ninsaal ningbiŋɔ, baa ba vaand la dit la, ba nyɛɛlim la pʋ malisa.

## Gbanvɛɛnsa