Wief

**Wief (''Equus ferus caballus'')** anɛ yin bunkɔnkanɛ mɔr nɔb kpansimkpan'ar kanɛ an mum.  ɔn bɛ dɔ sia  buudi ni anɛ Equidae ka an extant subspecies yit *Equus ferus* *la ni yinne*.

Wief kanɛ ka na'asaanam buon ye (Equus ferus caballus)[5] anɛ yin bʋnkkɔnbʋg kanɛ nɔbʋri bʋak yinnɛ ka an' bʋnkɔnb kanɛ dʋad. O yinɛ  taxonomic Equidae  buudi la ni.ka mɛ pɛ'ɛs buudi ayi Bama banɛ an' Equus ferus. Wief bɛ dunia ni di  ka yʋma zulim hali wʋʋ yʋʋm million nam la pisnaasi nɛ anu nɛ pisnu nɛ anu sa. Ka di pin'il nɛ banɛ mɔr nɔba buakir bɛdigʋ ti paae banɛ mɔr nɔba buakir yinnɛ.Nidib da pin'il nɛ mɔri ba kpɛ'ɛnsid yin wʋʋ yʋma tusa pisnaasi (4000 BCE)  bɛ  Central Asia, ka nidib vɛn'ɛsi gɔs ka ye ba yin kpɛn'ɛnsʋg  la pin'il nɛ wʋʋ 3000 BCE nɛ. Widi wʋʋ caballus la bɛnɛ yin. Widi sieba bɛ dunia la ni bɛɛ yadig teŋgbaŋ wʋsa ka an' si'anrin bʋnam ka ba buon ye feral widi ka  ba nan  zi'i kpɛ'n yin nɛ. Ti mɔr yɛl sieba pa'an nɛ ba wʋʋ ba niŋgbiŋ si'im, bɛdim, nwaasim, yʋ'akir, nyɔvʋr bɛllim, ken nɛ ba itima.

Widi tuuma anɛ zʋaa.Di sʋŋidi ba ka ba nyaŋidi lʋakid bʋn dinɛ na daamɛ ba bɛllim ka mɛ nyaŋi zabi sʋ'ʋgi ba yi si'anrin bʋnkɔbit pʋʋgʋn. mɛŋ. Widi na tʋn'ɛ zi'e bɛɛ digi ka gbisid. Widbibis la nɔŋ gbɛɛm gaad bʋnbaanlʋg la. Wid nya'ans la ba buon ye mares, wid nya'aŋ ya'a nɔŋ pʋʋg nwadis awai ka dʋad. Ba buon widbil ye la yʋʋn foal, ba ya'a dʋa o,  o na nya'aŋi zi'en ka pin'ili zɔt biel bieli dɔl o ma. Saŋa bɛdigʋ nii, yin widi la  yiti pin'ilnɛ samisid din yi yʋma ayi nɛ yʋma anaasi ni la. Yʋma anʋ la ka ba yʋ'ʋn bi titʋaa.  Ba vʋi nɛ paad yʋma Pisanʋ  25 nɛ pistan' 30  bɛn.

Widi buudi bɛɛ ba kɔn'ɔb kɔn'ɔb anɛ wʋʋ buudi atan.  Ba bakir anɛ ba sʋnsʋf tʋʋma. Banɛ ziim tʋl , ka ba nyaŋidi zɔt ka mɔdigid. " zi' ma'asir dim  ", wʋʋ draft Widi la nɛ  ponies banɛ  tʋɔɛ tʋm baanlim baanlim, nɛ tʋʋm kpi'ema; zi'bu'gur dim banɛ bɛ zi'tʋʋl nɛ zi'masir teŋsug. Ba mɔr ban nɛ ban'ad yelsieba saŋa. Di kas kas anɛ  Europe teŋin. Ti mɔr wʋʋ widi buudi kɔbistan dunia zugin. Ka wʋsa tʋm tʋʋma kɔn'ɔb kɔn'ɔb.

## Yɔvʋmbɛn nɛ yɔvʋm as siɛm
Wɛn wɔɔ ɔn an bɔɔdsia, bɛ ban mɔrɔ siɛm nɛ ɔn bɛ tɛŋsia, dʋnna wief nam tɔn vʋɛ yʋma pisinɛ anʋ kiŋ paaɛ yʋma pistan. Li kaaɛ naana ka ba biɛla vʋɛ paad pisnaasi, ka saŋsiɛba gat ala. Ɔnɛ da vʋɛ gad anɛ “Old Billy”, 19th century wief kanɛ da vʋɛ kiŋ paaɛ yʋma pisyʋɔbɔ nɛ ayi. Dʋnna, Sugar Puff, ɔnɛ yʋʋrɛ bɛ gbana ni Guinness World Records la an wief bil ɔnɛ da vʋɛ yʋʋg paaɛ yʋma pisnʋ nɛ ayʋɔbɔ ka da kpi yʋma tʋsa ayi nɛ ayɔpɔi la ni.

Li baa kai wief bɛɛ wief bil dʋam dabisir an siɛm, ba ɛnti paas nɛ yʋʋm ɔ yʋma la yɛ ban mɔrɛ ba maan azɔɔgaadtaaba la yɛla yʋʋm wʋsa yiiga wadig la yiiga dabisir zinis banɛ bɛ Northern Hemisphere la nɛ yʋʋm wʋsa wadisa anii la ni yiiga dabisir zinis banɛ bɛ Southern Hemisphere la. Li bɔɔdim kʋdim anɛ yɛ ɔ yaa paaɛ baanp, amaa sɛy ka ɔ paaɛ yʋma siɛm ka naan nyaŋi paasa azɔɔgaadtaaba ni.

Yʋʋr bama paan widi nam yʋma:

### Foal
Wief daaug bɛɛ wief nya'aŋ kanɛ nan pʋ paaɛ yʋʋm yinne. Wief kanɛ nan mʋad ba buon nɛ yɛ suckling, ka wief kanɛ bas mʋab an weanling. Widi bibis banɛ gbɛɛd yaan la bat biisim mʋab nɛ wadisa anʋ kiŋ paaɛ wadisa ayɔpɔi amaa ba tɔɔn bas mʋab wadisa anaasi la ni ka siɛl kʋ maali baa.

### Yearling
Wief kanɛ an yʋʋm bɛɛ yʋma ayi.

### Colt
Wief dibig kanɛ an pʋ tʋʋg yʋma anaasi. Li pʋ nar yɛ ba bʋɔl wief bil wʋsa ye “colt”, yʋʋr la anɛ widi banɛ an bʋndibis maa.

### Filly
Wief yaʋŋ kanɛ pʋ tʋʋg yʋma anaasii.

### Mare
Wief yaʋŋ kanɛ an yʋma anaasi bɛɛ tʋʋg ala.

### Stallion
Wief dibig kanɛ ka ba pʋ zaɔɔ ka ɔ an yʋma anaasi bɛɛ ɔn tʋʋga ala. Ba tɔɔn lɛɛ bʋɔl ye “Wief” ka li lɛɛ an stallion.

### Gelding
Wief dibig kanɛ ka ba zaɔ, li baa kai nɛ ɔ yʋma zɛm siɛm.

Widi zɔɔb ni, yʋʋr bama tɔɔn bɛ kɔnbkɔnb: wɛn wɔɔ British Isles, Thoroughbred widi azɔɔgaadtaaba ni, ba yɛl yɛ colts nɛ fillies pʋ paaɛ yʋma anʋʋ. Amaa Australia Thoroughbred widi azɔɔgaadtaaba ni ye colts nɛ fillies pʋ paaɛ yʋma anaasii.

## Zɛmisim nɛ makir bɛn
Wief waalim makir makidnɛ ɔ pʋttiŋ la bɛn, zinig kanɛ ka ɔ niŋɔɔr la tɔɔŋ nɛ ɔ nyaaŋla. Ba makidnɛ anina lin an ɔ ziɛsim sʋŋ babir la, ka kai zʋg bɛɛ niŋɔɔr la kin ka dammid agɔla nɛ tɛŋin nɛ ɔ niŋbiŋla wʋsa laa.

Tɛŋbanɛ piand naasaal la, wief waalim makid ne ne nʋʋs ne inches: nʋʋg makir yinɛ anɛ 4 inches (101.6 mm). waalim la makidnɛ nɛ nʋʋg mʋm ka lɛn kaanl inches paas, ka naaɛ nɛ “h” bɛɛ “hh” (for “hands high”). Wief kanɛ an “152 h” anɛ nʋʋs 15 paas 2 inches ka li wʋsa laas 62 inches (157.5 cm) waalim.

Ɔ zɛmisim la gɔsidnɛ ɔn an bʋʋdsia, nɛ ɔn dit diib siɛba. Widi banɛ ka ba pʋ baad bɛdigʋ la waalim anɛ nʋʋs piinɛ anaasi paaɛ nʋʋs piinɛ ayʋɔbɔ (56 to 64 inches, 142 to 163 cm) ka tɔɔn tɛbis wɔɔ 380 kiŋ paaɛ 550 kilograms (840 to 1,210 lb). widi banɛ ka ba baad saŋa bɛdigʋ la na pinil wɔɔ nʋʋs waalim 15.2 (62 inches, 157 cm) ka ɛnti waam wɔɔ nʋʋs waalim piinɛ ayɔpɔi (68 inches, 173 cm) ka tɛbisim an wɔɔ 500 kiŋ paaɛ 600 kilograms (1,100 to 1,320 Ib). wief tɛbisa ɛnti an nɛ nʋʋs piinɛ ayʋɔbɔ (64 inches, 163 cm) can tɔɔn waam wɔɔ nʋʋs makir piinɛ anii (72 inches, 183 cm) high. Ba tɔɔn tɛbis wɔɔ 700 to 1,000 kilograms (1,540 to 2,200 lb).

Wief kane zʋɔɛ galis da anɛ Shire wief kanɛ ka ɔ yʋʋr an Mammoth, ka ba da dʋa ɔ yʋm tʋsir Kɔbʋs nii nɛ pisnaasi nɛ anii la. Ɔ ziɛsim an 21.2 1⁄4 hands (86.25 inches, 219 cm) high ka ɔ tɛbisim makir an 1,524 kilograms (3,360 lb). wief kanɛ mɛ an bʋnbil ka ɔ yʋʋr bɛ gbaaŋin anɛ Thumbelina, wief kpɛɛm kanɛ zɛm wɔɔ wief bil ka dwarfism da mɔr ɔ. ɔ da anɛ 43 centimetres; 4.1 hands (17 inches) waalim ni, ka ɔ tɛbisim an 26 kg (57 lb).

## Buudi
Widi mɔr chromosome nam ban pisyuobu nɛ anaasi (64). Ba ba paam wief Genome bɛnɛ yuum tusa ayi nɛ ayɔpɔi (2007) la ni. Di mɔrnɛ DNA ta'ada nam 2.7 billion, dinɛ labisi gat baa genome, ka mɛ pɔɔdi gat ninsaal genome. Di bɔɔnlum bɛ tis vɛɛnsidib.

## Siim nɛ Zanbina
Widi mɔr nɛ niŋbiŋ siim kɔnbkɔnb nɛ makir nam kɔnbkɔnb ka gbaŋsɔbidib pian li yɛla. Ba baŋid wief nɛ nɛ ɔ niŋbiŋ siim ka naan gɔt ɔn a buudsia bɛɛ ɔ anɛ bʋndaʋg bɛ bʋnyaʋŋ. Widi banɛ mɔr siim yinnɛ la bɛ nɛ kɔnbkɔnb nɛ zabin piɛl siɛba ni, nɛ dɔlissiɛba linɛ bɛ li kɔ nɛ ɔ niŋbiŋ siim la.

Sikir bɛdigʋ kɛt ka widi niŋbiŋ siim yaŋidi baŋid. Sikir nam la kɛ ya ka ba nyaŋi nyɛ 13 alleles li nɛ kɛt ka niŋbiŋ siim la bɛ, ka vɛɛsvɛɛsidib kpɛlim kɛn tʋɔnnɛ ɛad sikir paala banɛ ba. Niŋbiŋ la siɛm siɛba anɛ chestnut nɛ black, li baŋidnɛ nɛ sikir ka nɛ yɛ Melanocortin 1 receptor ni, ka ba buɔn yɛ “extension gene” bɛɛ “red factor”. Li anɛ “zia” (chestnut) ka li sabilim la zuɔɛ. Linɛ lɛn kɛt ka sabilim pʋ zuɔɛ ka an point coloration la baasidnɛ linɛ ka ba buɔn yɛ bay, ka li wɛn wɔɔ pinto bɛɛ leopard, dilution genes wɔɔ palomino bɛɛ dun, laam nɛ greying, nɛ siɛlnam banɛ kɛt ka siim kɔnbkɔnb bɛ wief ni.

Widi banɛ mɔr gbaŋ piɛla la nidib ɛnti pʋ buɔni ba sʋm, widi banɛ wɛn wɔɔ “piɛl” ɛntia nɛ middle-age bɛɛ older gray. Gray la ba dʋaba nɛ nɛ sabilim ka ba pɛligid nɛ ban nɔbigid la ama aba ɛnti mɔr nɛ gbaŋ sabil ba gbaŋpiɛl zuɔbid la ni (pink maa ɛnti pʋ paasɛ ba zabin linɛ an piɛl la ni). Widi banɛ nar yɛ ba buɔn piɛl anɛ banɛ mɔr zuɔbid piɛla ba niŋbiŋin nɛ gbaŋ kanɛ an pink, ka lɛɛ pʋ nyɛta anaanaa. Generic factors nam kɔnbkɔnb tɔɔn maal wief niŋbiŋ la ka li an piɛl, nɛ alleles nam bɛdigʋ banɛ an piɛlla nɛ sabino-1 gene. Amaa widi kai an “albino” ka li an ye ɔ mɔr nɛ gbaŋ kanɛ an pink ka lɛn mɔr ninwiid.

### Widi buudi siɛba
Yaa kai widii, genus Equus mɔr widi la kɔnbkɔnb zinisa ayuobu. Ba sieba anɛ bʋŋ, Equus asinus; zuɔrin tɛŋinbʋŋ, Equus zebra; tɛŋinbuŋ, Equus quagga; Grevy's zebra, Equus grevyi; kiang; nɛ onager, Equus hemionus.

Widi tɔɔn laasi dʋa nɛ widi bʋʋd siɛba. Banɛ an naanaa anɛ mule, ba laasid nɛ “jack” (bʋŋdibig) nɛ mare. Hinny mɛ laasid nɛ stallion nɛ “jenny” (bʋŋyaʋŋ). Ba siɛba anɛ zorse, ba mɛ laasidnɛ nɛ tɛŋinbʋŋ nɛ wief. Banɛ an bʋʋdi ayiyi la saŋa bɛdigʋ pʋ tɔnɔn dʋada.

### Yin bɛllim nɛ ba pinilig yɛla
Wief yin bɛllim da siniŋnɛ central Asia 3500 BCE saŋa. Labaya ayi bɛɛ yaŋidi paan widi yit bɛɛ gbɛɛd ziɛnsia nɛ saŋakanɛ ka ba da siniŋi gbɛɛd yin nɛ ban niŋ siɛmsiɛm yallig tɛŋ wʋsa. Labaar yiiga yitnɛ palaɛological nɛ archaeological dim vɛɛrsig; linɛ paasa ayi la anɛ DNA kpasib kanɛ ka ba gɔs nannanna widi nɛ widi banɛ da dɛŋim bɛ ka kpila kɔba nɛ ba nyina.

Archaeology dim vɛɛrsig yiiga da siniŋnɛ Ukraine nɛ Kazakhstan, 4000 – 3500 BCE. Amaa widi banɛ da bɛ yaan Botai Kazakhstan la da anɛ Przewalski widi ka kai yʋʋmpʋkʋtin widi banɛ bɛ dʋnna laa.

3000 BCE, widi wʋsa da pʋn gbɛɛdnɛ yin ka 2000 BCE widi kɔba bɛdigʋ da siniŋi bɛ yaan northwestern Europe, linɛ da paan widi nɔbigid zinig wʋsa siɛm. Linɛ nan pʋ yʋʋgɛ anɛ zinis banɛ ka ba nyɛ widi kpiilima nɛ kʋtɛrikʋ nam ka ba bɛ yaadin Indo-European Sintashta nɛ Petrovka culture 2100 BCE.

Yʋma tʋsa ayi nɛ pisinɛ ayinni la zamisig dim paal ya yɛ widi bɛdigʋ yinɛ Volga-Don region.  Yʋʋmpʋkʋtin widi kɛ ka ba kanl la zʋɔɛ yalig Eurasia, siniŋid yʋma tʋsa anaasi nɛ kɔbʋsyi banɛ gaad la. Li mɛ lɛm paal yɛ ba da gansid siɛba nɛ ban tɔɔn baadi ba la nɛ equestrian material culture, laam nɛ Sintashta, kutɛrikɔ nɛ widi la mɛŋ nɔbigir mɛn.

Yin bɛllim tɔɔn zamisi yitnɛ widi banɛ bɛ nannanna nɛ widi banɛ da dɛŋim bɛ ka archaeology nɛ palaeology dim tʋ nyɛɛ ba kɔba nɛ ba yina la. Ba bʋʋdi la an kɔnbkɔnb la paal yɛ wief dibig banɛ ka ba pʋ zaabaa ka ba an yʋma anaasi bɛɛ ɔn tʋʋga ala ka bɛ mɔɔgin la pʋ yaŋi paas banɛ bɛ yin laa, amaa wief yaʋŋ banɛ an yʋma anaasi bɛɛ tʋʋg ala bɛnɛ yaan. Fʋ tɔɔn nyɛ niŋa ba bʋʋdi nam ni DNA linɛ dɔli ba saamnam la ni bɛɛ sire line (Y-chromosome) nɛ linɛ dɔli ba manam ni bɛɛ dam line (mitochondrial DNA). Banɛ pʋ zʋɔe anɛ Y-chromosome variability, ka lɛɛ mɔr bɔɔdim nɛ mitochondrial DNA la ni. Regional variation mitochondrial DNA mɛ bɛ ka li yitnɛ wief yaʋŋ banɛ an yʋma anaasi bɛɛ tʋʋg ala yit mɔɔgin ka lɛɛ bɛ yinla. Linɛ lɛm paas anɛ ba gbaŋ la nɛ ba siim kpɛlim yaligid tɛns la. Widi nɔbigid pam da anɛ 5000 paaɛ 3000 BCE.

## Ban nɛ nidib bɛllim
Dunia wʋsa pʋʋgin, wief tʋm tʋʋma hali paas ninsaal malima pʋʋgin hali yʋma kɔbiga banɛ gaad sa. Ba mɔr widi maan diema vʋʋsʋm saŋa, zɔt zɔɔs ka lɛn mɔri ba tʋm tʋʋma. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) vɛɛns ya ka yʋʋm tusayi nɛ anii ni (2008), widi banɛ da bɛ dunia da anɛ 59,000,000 ka ban 33,500,000 bɛ Americas, 13,800,000 da bɛ Asia ka 6,300,000 bɛ Europe ka biela bɛ Africa nɛ Oceania sʋʋlim nam. Makir anɛ ye widi na an wan wʋʋ 9,500,000 United States tɛŋin maa. American Horse Council paal ye ban mɔr widi tʋm tʋʋm siebas mɔr sʋŋiri bɛ United States daadiib ni ka li ligidi paae $39 billion, ka fʋ yaa gɔs ligidi kanɛ ka ba daad laadi kati waae wief yela li na tʋʋg $102 billion. Yʋʋm tusayi nɛ anaasi ni (2004) "vootug" kanɛ ka Animal Planet dim da maal la, nidib banɛ da paasi li pʋʋgin ban 50,000 ka yit nɛ tɛɛns pisyɔpɔi nɛ atan da voot ka wief paas bʋnkɔnbig kanɛ an anaasi ni ka nidib nɔŋi bɛ dunia ni.

Ninsaali na tɔɔn piana nɛ wief anɛ dinɛ an yelkpan bɛ ba tʋʋma pʋʋgin; alazug ka ba ɛɛti nɔk salibiri nɛ kiiba niŋid wief lin na niŋ siem ka onɛ banad la zinin ka da biki lii ka o mɛ nyaŋi nwɛdis wief la. Sansieba bɛ ka ba pʋ nɔk sieli paal wief zugo ka laan bana o, saŋsieba, ba zamisid widi lin na niŋ siem ka ba pʋ niŋi ba kiiba bɛɛ salibirɛ ka ba laan maan linɛ dɔl suor. Ba banad widi sieba nɛ mɛn, lin ka li nar ye ba mɔr salibir, kiiba bɛɛ tɛriko.

### Diema
Piniligin sa, wief banadib banadi ba zɔt ka li an diema. Banɛ banad widi zɔt zɔɔs ka li an diema la nyɛt nidib bɛdigʋ ka ba kɛni li zinigin la gɔsid ka ba yigin taaba. Diema bɛdigʋ, ka sieba an dressage, eventing, wief ianap, pinili yinɛ soogianam zamisig pʋʋgin, ka li nar ye li kɛ ka wief la nɛ onɛ banad o la nyɛ ningbina ziesim ka da biki  lii. Diema sieba wan wʋu rodeo, anɛ linɛ ka ba maan ka sɔ wʋsa nyɛt. Kʋdʋmin sa ka ba da pinili mɔr banad widi kɛn mɔɔgin ied. Widi zɔɔs nyaab da pinili yinɛ banɛ banad widi nɛ banɛ dɔribid lɔɔmi da yigilim taaba la ni. Diemanam la ka ba mɔr widi diemid la wʋsa bɔɔd ye onɛ banad la mɔr baŋir ka wief la mɛ mi zɔɔs, ka li kɛt ka ba yʋʋn dʋad banɛ mi zɔɔs hali. Diema kanɛ an ye ba banad widi yigilim la yʋʋg ya paae yʋma ka nan kpɛlim bɛ zina nwa, amaa li kpɛlim biela ka li gaadin ban pʋ lɛn mɔr widi yit zaba la yela.

Ba zamisid widi lin na niŋ siem ka ba nyaŋ ka ba bana ba ka ba zɔ bɛɛ ba nɔk tɛriko niŋi ba ka ba yigilim. Diema la sieba anɛ show jumping, dressage, three-day eventing, competitive driving, endurance riding, gymkhana, rodeos, nɛ fox hunting. Widi diema, banɛ da pinil medieval European zinisin la, nan kpɛlim bɛ zina dunia zinig sieba. Ba mɔr zamisig zinis ka ba paan zamisignam kɔnɔbkɔnɔb, ka li sieba ba pʋ banad wief la, ba lɛɛ vɛɛd  o nɛ ka ba gɔsid, ka makidi ba gɔsid ye widi la siakidi ba nɔɔr bɛ. Banɛ an sariakatibi bɛ diem bama ni la kat saria kati waae nɛ diema la an diem sia, amaa fʋn na di yaan bɛnɛ fʋn kanɛ banad la baŋir nɛ wief la siakidi fʋ nɔɔr siem. Diemsieba wan wʋʋ polo ba pʋ gɔsid wief la ka kad saria, ba lɛɛ gɔsid nɛ ka widi la an sʋŋidib ka pʋ paas diema la nii. Baa ban na zamis wief la sʋʋŋa ka o nyaan diem diema la, widi la diem siem wʋsa, ba pʋ kaan ni paasida, ba gɔsid nɛ onɛ banad la itiʋŋ—li yaa an ye ba nwɛɛ bɔɔl ka li di gɔɔl bɛɛ li yaa anɛ diem sia wʋsa. Diembanɛ buudi ka nidib laasid nɛ widi diemid sieba anɛ jousting, diemkan ni anɛ onɛ nyaŋi bik o tiraani bas ka o naan wief la zugu lu tɛŋin, nɛ buzkashi, diemkanɛ ka ba laasidi diemidi bɛ Central Asia, diema la yelkpan anɛ ye ba naan widi la zug ka gbaae bʋʋg tɛŋin.

Ban banad widi yigilim la anɛ diemkpan hali ka tɛŋtɛŋ diemid, ka nidib gɔsidi li tɛŋ wʋsa dunia nwa ni. diembama anɛ zinis atan: "amɛŋa" zɔɔs; steeplechasing, lin anɛ ba zɔt nɛ iandi gaansid sielnam; nɛ harness racing, diemkan ni ba lɔɔd wief nɛ taal tɛriko ka o vɛɛdi zɔt. Dinɛ kɛt ka widi banab mɔr ligidi anɛ nidibi maan bʋgʋlʋmbʋgʋlʋm li yela la.

### Tʋʋma
Tʋʋm sieba bɛ ka widi nyaŋidi tʋm sʋʋŋa, ka ba nan pʋ nyaŋi maal naasaasɔɔng laʋg sia ka li tʋm tʋʋmbanɛ. Li sieba anɛ, widi banɛ ka pʋlʋs zini ba zugi tʋm tʋʋma la nan kpɛlim anɛ ala, ka ba mɔri ba kpɛnɛd zinig sieba ka mɛ guud nidib. Banɛ gur niigi nan kpɛlim mɔr nɛ widi banadi giŋid niigi banɛ zuoe widigi die zinig. Tɛŋ sieba ni banɛ ied banɛ pʋalim ye ba sʋŋi ba nan mɔr widi banadi banadi ied, li kaskas anɛ banɛ maan kuom ni diema nɛ biis, ka mɛ sʋŋ ka ba nyaŋi kɛŋ paae zinis banɛ ka tɛŋ sanam ka ba paam daamig ni sʋŋi ba. Ba mɔr widi banad zinis banɛ ka ba pʋ bɔɔd ye lɔr maan tʋkpiidig nɛ uusugɔ. Ba mɛ mɔr widi banad zinis banɛ ka siel kʋ nyaŋi kpɛnɛ anina wan wʋʋ mɔɔgin nɛ zinis banɛ ka ba mɛ pʋ bɔɔd tʋkpiidigɔ. Banɛ gɔsid wada tʋʋma yela sieba wan wʋʋ park rangers bɛɛ game wardens tɔɔn mɔr widi giligidi gɔsid  zinig la, ka ba mɛ lɛn mɔr widi banadi kɛn zinis banɛ an kʋkʋna nɛ kuga ka lɔr kʋ nyaŋi paae anina.

Baa ban maal  naasaasɔɔng laasieba ka li die widi tʋʋma zinig sieba la, widi, niigi nɛ bʋmʋs wan wʋʋ 100 million ka ba nan kpɛlim mɔri tʋm kuob nɛ gʋʋl zinis ni ka mɛ kɛ ka ba ziid laad tɛŋ banɛ nan pʋ nɔbig la ni. Kanl nwa paad bʋnkɔnbid banɛ an 27 million ka tʋm tʋʋma bɛ Africa sʋʋlim maa bɛn la. Ba mɛ mɔr widi tɛŋ maalig pʋʋgin, wan wʋʋ kuob bɛɛ bʋnib tʋʋma ni. Kuob nɛ gʋʋl pʋʋgin, ba mɔr widi nami tʋm tʋʋma banɛ ka ba naan nɔkin masin nam ka ba sanamid tɛŋ la ka li an naanaa ka tɛŋ la pʋ sanamida. Fʋ yaa mɔr wief nwaand daad li pʋ sanamid tɛŋ wala ka mɛ pʋ sanamid tiis la.

### Zaba
Ba da mɔr widi zabid ka li yʋʋg hali pinligin sa. Ban da vɛɛns yiiga baŋ ye ba da pinili mɔr widi kɛn zaba da anɛ 4000 nɛ 3000 BCE, ka Bronze Age saŋa ka ba da mɔri widi zabid titaam. Baa dunia yʋʋn tiak ka widi lɛn kaa zaba laad la, ba na mɔr widi k zinisin tʋm, li kaskas anɛ malima saŋa, bɛɛ zinis banɛ ka tɛŋ la an kʋkʋna bɛɛ kuga ka lɔr kʋ nyaŋi paae anina. Banɛ da nɔk widi zab 21st century anɛ  Janjaweed soogianam bɛ Darfur zaba la ni.

### Diema nɛ malima
Ba mɔr widi tʋm tʋʋma zina ka li anɛ ban da pinil li yʋʋg ya. Ba mɔr widi ka paan zaba laad bɛɛ laad banɛ wan, ba yaa ɛɛti paan kʋdʋmin dim yela, li kaskas anɛ kʋdʋmin dim zaba kanɛ ka li yʋʋr yi. Ba mɔr widi diem diemsieba linɛ paan buudi malima yela. Tɛŋsieba wan wʋʋ United Kingdom dim nan kpɛlim mɔr widi nɛ tɛriko nɔɔsidi ba taaba nɛ ba nimsʋma kɛni ba malima zinis ni. Zinis banɛ ka ba paan tɛŋkʋdʋgʋn laad wan wʋʋ Budweiser Clydesdales, malima saŋa nɛ nidibi laasid taaba zinig sieba, ba gʋlʋs widi ka ba zie vɛɛd tɛriko ka li wan ban da mɔr tɛriko sieba ka nyaan maal bʋnsaama banɛ bɛ zina nwa la.

Ba mɔr widi paan T.V., sini, nɛ gbana sɔb pʋʋgin. Ba mɔri ba maan sini paan bʋnkɔnbid sieba yela, ka mɔri ba footonami niŋid sininam la ni paan kʋdʋmin sɔlima nam. Ba mɔr widi banɛ vʋe nɛ banɛ ka ba buoe niŋ gbaŋ pʋʋgin maan laad kuosig diema ka nidib baŋid laad la yela. Wief bɛ coats of arms, bɛ heraldry, ka mɛ bɛ laad sieba ni. Banɛ paan malima nɛ winpʋʋsim yela wan wʋʋ Greco-Roman, Hindu, Islamic, nɛ Germanic, paan widi ba gbana ni nɛ widi banɛ mɔr kʋkpama, ka tɔɔli sieba paan ye ba yɛlim wief la ka o maal wadig nɛ winig bɔɔnlim. Wief mɛ paas bʋnkɔnbid yʋda banɛ bɛ Chinese zodiac kanl pʋʋginɛ paani ba nwadis piinɛ ayi yʋʋm pʋʋgin la ni.

Widi anɛ bʋnlinɛ ka ba gɔs ka maal laad banɛ kɛn bɛdigʋ ka ba sieba mɔri li zanbini niŋidi ba laad banɛ ka ba maali ba ka ba kɛn la ni. Ba sieba anɛ Ford Pinto, Ford Bronco, Ford Mustang, Hyundai Equus, Hyundai Pony, Mitsubishi Starion, Subaru Brumby, Mitsubishi Colt/Dodge Colt, Pinzgauer, Steyr-Puch Haflinger, Pegaso, Porsche, Rolls-Royce Camargue, Ferrari, Carlsson, Kamaz, Corre La Licorne, Iran Khodro, Eicher, nɛ Baojun. Indian TVS Motor Company mɛ gʋlʋg nɛ wief tabili ba moto la zug.

### Tiebig
Nidib banɛ yʋma zɛm siem wʋsa ka mɔr wintadimisi ba niŋgbina ni bɛɛ ba pʋtɛnda ni paamid sʋŋir hali bɛ ban na laasi ba mɛŋ nɛ widi. Ba mɔr ban banad wief siem ka li na nyaŋi kɛ ka nid pʋtɛnɛr nie nyain bɛ banɛ mɔr wintadimis ni ka sʋŋidi ba ka ba nyaŋidi gbanadi ba mɛŋ, ka kpɛɛŋi ba mɛŋ, ka kɛt ka ba pʋtɛnɛr an nyain ka ba baŋ ye ba sʋʋe ba mɛŋ. Ba nyaŋid baŋ ye li an sʋʋm ka ba mɔr widi yigilim, li an sʋʋm tis banɛ mɔr wintadimis, ka lin ka ba lʋgir wan wʋʋ International Federation for Equestrian Sports (FEI) baŋ ka kpɛmisidi li tuon kɛn yela. Ban mɔr widi banabi tiebid banas la mɔr yʋda kɔnɔbkɔnɔb tis banas banɛ an niŋgbiŋin, tʋʋma yela, nɛ banɛ pʋ tɔnɔn pianada. Hippotherapy ni, ba mɔr widi banabi sʋŋid  banadnam ka ba pʋtɛnda yɔɔgid, niŋgbiŋ nwɛdigir nɛ lin na niŋ siem ka banad kɛŋ sʋʋŋa, amaa ka therapeutic horseback riding mɔr nɛ zamisid banab.

Widi banab sʋŋid nidib pʋtɛnda ka li yɔɔgid ba yaa banad wɔ ba pʋ banad wɔ. "Equine-assisted" bɛɛ "equine-facilitated" tiebig anɛ tiebig kanɛ ka ba mɔr widi banabi sʋʋŋid ninsaal pʋtɛnɛr yɔɔgir yela tiebid zulɛbin banas,  wan wʋ fʋ pʋtɛnɛr yaa an basaa, fʋ sʋnf yaa sanam, fʋ zug yaa nwɛɛ, fʋ itiŋ yaa an linɛ ka fʋ pʋ gbana li gbin nɛ, nɛ banɛ ka sielnam tiaki ba nyɔvʋr pʋʋgin. Ba mɛ mɔr widi bɛ sarega ni. Widi yaa bɛ sarega la ni li sʋŋidi sied pʋtɛnɛr bɛɛd, ba yaa ti yi anina.

### Laad
Widi anɛ tʋʋma laadi tis ninsaalibi maan laadsieba bɛdigʋ hali piniligin sa, laabanɛ ka ba pʋ dit wief la nii nɛ laabanɛ bɛ wief la ni, o yaa nan vʋe gba.

Laabanɛ ka ba paamidi yit widi banɛ vʋe ni anɛ binisim ka banɛ mɔri ba bɛdigʋ la ɛɛti laasi li ka li miig ka ba ka nɔki maal linɛ buon kumis. Ba da mɔr wief ziim ka li anɛ diib bɛ Mongol nɛ nomadic buudi nam ni, ba da gɔs ka li anɛ dikanɛ maan niŋgbina ka ba na nyaŋi mɔri li kɛŋ ban waae zinig sia wʋsa. Ban da nʋti ba mɛŋ widi ziim la da kɛ ka Mongols banad widi yʋʋgid ka ba kɔɔm pʋ zabida. Tiim kanɛ ka ba buon Premarin la yinɛ ban laas estrogens linɛ ka ba yis wief nyaaŋ kanɛ mɔr pʋʋg ni, ka da an tiim kanɛ ka ba mɔri li nʋʋd hali ka li sʋŋidi maan ninsaal niŋgbina. Wief zʋʋr la ba mɔri maan wiinsi tis kɔna buudi wan wʋʋ violin, viola, cello, nɛ double bass.

Wief niim anɛ diib tis ninsaalib nɛ bʋnkɔnbid banɛ ɔnbidi ba taaba niim maa ka li kaa zinaa. Yʋʋm wʋsa pʋʋgin widi wan wʋʋ 5 million ka ba kuudi ɔnbid niim. Dunia zinis bɛdigʋ ni, ba ɔnbid o niim, amaa ka zinig sieba ka li an kisig nɛ ban na ɔnb wief, ka ba an linɛ ka tɛŋsieba naanyaadib mɔri nyaad naam tɛŋ sieba ni. Ba mɔr widi gbana maan taada, nuupidiŋ, fuug gunir, baseballs, nɛ linɛ ka ba pid nuug ka nyaan nwɛɛd baseball la. Ba mɔr wief tafɛɛdi maan titabid ka ba buon animal glue la. Ba mɔr wief kɔnba maan tʋʋma laad. Italian diib maalig zinisin, ba mɔr wief kɔnbaʋg maal ka li pʋlim ka ba mɔri kʋnsit kurkur niimi gɔsid ye li sanam ya bɛ. Asia  tɛŋin, laʋk anɛ ka ba buon *saba* yinɛ wief gbaʋŋ ni ka ba mɔri maan 

kumis.

## Niŋgbina luos

### Tafeed
Ti ya'a ye ti pian' wief nɔba yɛla, ti na dɔlis ban yɛl si'el ye "nɔbir ya'a kae, wief kae"  Wief tafeet la pin'ilnɛ nɛ distal phalanges, dinɛ mɔr kpinnim nɛ ninsaal nu'ubil naarin bɛɛ nɔbbil naarin an si'em la ka mɔr cartilage nɛ laminae. Tafeeug la yiiŋ anɛ dinɛ nwɛnɛ iil ka ba nɔk keratin maalnɛ, din mɛ nwɛnɛ ninsaal nu'u-in'a. Di lɛbisug la anɛ ye wief tɛbisim anɛ nwɛnɛ 500 kilograms (1,100 lb), nwɛnɛ ninsaal kɔnbiri an si'em la nɔb-bibis naarin. Ban bɔɔd ye ba gu' widi nɔba la zug, ba pidi ba sieba nɔba nɛ ta'ada. Tafeet la nɔbigidnɛ saŋa wusa ka di nar ye ba ɛɛnti gɔs ka kiesi di bakɔi anu kem paae anii saŋa wusa, la'an nɛ banɛ bɛ mɔɔgun la tafeedi ɛɛnti nɔbigi ku'ug ka lɛm maligim nɔbug ya'as la.

### Gɔsʋg
Widi anɛ bʋnkɔnbid banɛ ɔnbid mɔɔd, ka linɛ maani ba niŋgbina anɛ mɔɔg la ka ba ɔnbid la. Ba tɔɔn di diibpaam paŋ kanɛ bɛɛ ba niŋgbiŋin la buudi ayi paae ayi nɛ pʋsʋk kɔbiga pʋʋgin  (2% paae 2.5%) daar wʋsa. Linzug wief kanɛ tɛbisim paae 450-kilogram (990 lb) ka o an bʋnkʋdʋg na tɔɔn di ka li paae 11 kilograms (24 lb) diib. Saŋsieba, diib banɛ kpiem wan wʋʋ bielim anɛ linɛ ka ba paasidi tisidi ba ka kaa mɔɔg la maa nɛ, li kaskas anɛ bʋnkɔnbig la yaa nan mɔr paŋ ka kpiem. Ba yaa ɔnb bielim, banɛ gɔsidi ba diib yela paal ye li nar ka ba diib kanɛ ka ba dit pʋsʋk bɛɛ li gaad ala an mɔɔg, li nar ka o ɔnb mɔɔgi gaad dibanɛ bɛ.

Widi bɔɔd kuom kanɛ an nyain bɛdigʋ, li yaa pɔɔd siem li nar ka li paae 38 paae 45 litres (10 paae 12 US galam) daar wʋsa. Baa ban na nyaŋi gbɛnɛ yiiŋ la, ba bɔɔd sʋak zinig, lin na niŋ siem ka sisiem kʋ daami baa, fʋ tɔɔn mɛ dɔɔg bili tisi ba bɛɛ dɔɔg titaar mɛn.

Wief bɔɔdim anɛ fʋn na gɔsidi ba tafɛɛd la saŋa wʋsa, ka kʋnsidi ba guud banas kɔnɔbkɔnɔb, ka banɛ gɔsid bʋnkɔnbid la gɔsi ba nyina bɛɛ nyina dʋata. Fʋ yaa mɔri widi ka ba bɛ zinig yinnɛ maa li nar ka fʋ kɛt ka ba wisigidi ba niŋgbina saŋa wʋsa lin na niŋ siem ka ba paam laafi nɛ pʋtɛnɛr sʋŋ. Fʋ yaa gɔsidi ba nɛ yiiŋ, li nar ye fʋ maal zinig la sʋʋŋa, ka mɛ zanguom gu lɛbisd. Fʋ yaa gɔsi di li niŋgbiŋ la sʋʋdi li mɛ sʋŋid ka ba kɔnbilig la an sʋʋŋa nɛ niŋgbaŋ la.

### Niŋtʋʋlim tiakir
Yʋʋm tusayi nɛ piinɛ wai ni (2019), widi banɛ da bɛ dunia wʋsa da anɛ wan wʋʋ 17 million. Widi kpɛɛmnam la nar ka ba niŋtʋʋlim bɛn an 37.5 nɛ 38.5 °C (99.5 nɛ 101.3 °F) tɛnsʋk, ka ba laan tɔɔn bɛ zinis banɛ ka tʋʋlig la an 5 nɛ 25 °C (41 nɛ 77 °F) tɛnsʋk. Amaa ba yaa wisigi ba niŋgbina la galis, ba niŋtʋʋlim paasid 1 °C (1.8 °F) minute wʋsa pʋʋgin, bɔzugɔ paŋkanɛ yit widi la sanan pisnii, kɔbiga pʋʋgin (80%) tisid nɛ niŋtʋʋlim.

## Gbanvɛɛnsa