Tomato

**Tomato** ka ba buon ye **ntoos**, **tamantoos**, kamantoos" be "samantoos" la anɛ bʋnbʋta kanɛ wan gbila gbila ka ba diti li wala la, ka li paas bʋnbʋta banɛ bɛ zɛnmaasa pʋʋgin. Tomato paas nɛ nightshade buudi ni linɛ sieba an taba, dankal, nɛ nansuos winlis. Lin yi lɔsia na ka ba kpɛnɛsi li yaan yiiga anɛ Western South America. Lin da dɔlis siem paae kʋdʋmin dim la anɛ li da yinɛ Spanish dim banɛ da paas Columbian laad tiasig 16th century saŋa la.

Ntoos (Tomato) bʋnbʋtir anɛ linɛ tɛnɛd tɛŋin, ka ba kuod yʋʋm bɛn ka mɛ pʋ bɔɔd maasig zinigɔ, amaa zinig kanɛ ka ba gɔsidi li sʋʋŋa li maan. Ba puum la mɛŋi maan diib. Buud paala banɛ ka ba mɔr nannanna la anɛ banɛ tɔnɔ biigid saŋa yinnɛ, ka li kɛt ka wal la pʋ Malisa. Buudinam paae tusa, bɛda bɛ ka bʋnbibis mɛ bɛ, kalanam kɔnɔbkɔnɔb, ba aansim bɛ kɔnɔbkɔnɔb, ka ba malisim mɛ ka yinnɛ. Tomatoes mɔr bʋnvʋya bɛdigʋ nɛ zʋnzʋnya banɛ daamidi ba, ka mɛ mɔr banas banɛ yi virus nɛ kpaam-kpaamnam nɛ banɛ ɔnbid vaand la.

Ntoos (Tomato) malis nɛ ka an tɔlim-tɔlim, ka an bʋnlinɛ ka ba paasidi maan diib dunia zinis wʋsa ni. Ba mɔri maan pizzas, pasta nɛ niim diib sieba, ka dʋgʋd zɛnɛd wan wʋʋ gazpacho, curries ka ba sieba an dhansak nɛ rogan josh, ka ban an denam, ka mɔri paasid bʋnwal sieba ni maan daam. Ba maan tomato malima yʋʋm wʋsa bɛ Buñol, Spain, bɛ Reynoldsburg, Ohio, nɛ Närpes, Finland tɛŋin.

Ntoos (Tomato) kparib paamid ligidi li ni hali sungid ba meng ne ba bi'is. Di ku'ub su'ngid gomena ligidi ne diib yela (economy) ka li no'obigi sunga. 

Ntoos budi yu'um yu'um wusa amaa kpad si'eba more ma'ansin ne mo'or kuom la nku'ud onn men dine an "irrigational farming" be "dry seasonal farming" la.

## Yʋʋr pʋdib

### Yʋʋr la yi siel na
Sɔb kanɛ an *tomato* yinɛ Spanish buudi pianad kanɛ ka ba buon *tomate*, linɛ mɛ yi Nahuatl buudi pianad ni ka ba buon *tomatl* [ˈtomat͡ɬ]. Yʋʋr la ka ba pʋd *lycopersicum*, ka li gbin an 'wolf peach', lin yinɛ Galen, ka lin gbin da anɛ bʋnbʋta kanɛ ka ba nan zii o yʋʋrɛ. Luigi Anguillara da yis labaar na 16th century ye Galen tɛŋ dim *lycopersicum* tɔɔn an tomato la, laanɛ lin tɔi nɛ ban na siak ye linɛ la la, *lycopersicum* kpɛnɛ naasaasɔnɔg tʋʋma ni ka anɛ wal yʋʋr.

**Yʋʋr buolig**

Ban buon *tomato* siem anɛ /təˈmeɪtoʊ/ (bɛ North American English) nɛ /təˈmɑːtoʊ/ (bɛ British English). Yʋʋr la ka ba buoni li zinis ayi la da nyɛ yʋʋr ka kpɛlim bɛ Ira nɛ George Gershwin yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pistan nɛ ayɔpɔ ni (1937) yi yʋʋma kanɛ da buon "Let's Call the Whole Thing Off" ("fʋ bɔɔd /pəˈteɪtoʊ/ ka mam mɛ bɔɔd /pəˈtɑːtoʊ/ / fʋ bɔɔd /təˈmeɪtoʊ/ ka mam mɛ nɔŋ /təˈmɑːtoʊ/").

## Pinilig
Tamantoos da yi tʋŋ sia na anɛ mɔɔgin din, bʋnlinɛ da wan wiig *Solanum pimpinellifolium*, anɛ tiig kanɛ yit western South America, daasierɛ anina ka ba mɔri kpɛnɛ yaan yiiga. Ban da nyaŋi tiak ntoos la ka o yʋʋn an sʋʋm la, li dɔlis anina ka ti yʋʋn mɔr tamantoos banɛ wan bɛdigʋ zina nwa la, ba yaab anɛ *S. lycopersicum* var. *cerasiforme*. Amaa, banɛ gɔsidi li buudi nam yela vɛɛns ka ye tamantoos da nyɛ tiakir ka ba mɔri kpɛnɛd yaan hali ka li gaad *S. lycopersicon* var. *Cerasiforme,* ka ye daasierɛ nwa da bɛ ka ba da nan pʋ mɔri li kpɛnɛd yaanɛ, ka saŋa da kɛna ka ntoos kuob tiak. Vɛɛnsig la paal ye ba da nyɛ var. *cerasiforme* yʋʋm tusa pisyɔpɔi saŋa kanɛ gaad (78,000), ka tomato kanɛ ka ba yʋʋn da kuod la da pinil nɛ yʋʋm tusayɔpɔi banɛ gaad la saŋa (5,000 BCE), ka lɛɛ pʋ nyaŋi baŋ nyain wan wʋʋ ninsaalib da paasi tiaki li bɛ.

Spanish dim da mɔr tomatos nɛ kɛŋ Europe yiiga, anina ka ba mɔri maan Spanish diib. Europe zinig sieba ni, ba da mɔri li yiiga nɛ vɛnlim yela, bɔzugɔ ba da gɔs ka li anɛ yabid ka pʋ nar ye ba dii li.

### America Ninkʋda
Yʋʋm kanɛ ka ba da tiaki li ka zii kpɛɛ yaani yʋʋn dit, ba pʋ baŋi li an wana vikii; yʋʋm 500 BC, ba da dɛŋin kuodi li bɛ southern Mexico nɛ zinig sieba. Pueblo buudi siak ye tomato biila mɔr paŋ siig pʋʋgin. Ba bʋn bɛda, banɛ an lʋgalʋga ka pak la an saalig, linɛ ka ba tiig la an fiin la yinɛ America ninkʋda la saana, ka tɔɔn an tomato banɛ ka ba kuod zina la sieba yaab.

Aztecs buudi la da gʋʋn tomatos buudi kɔnɔbkɔnɔb, ka bʋnwiig la ka ba buon *xitomatl* ka onɛ an kansir la ka ba buon *tomatl* (tomatillo). Bernardino de Sahagún ye o nyɛ tomatos kɔnɔbkɔnɔb Aztec daan bɛ Tenochtitlán (Mexico tɛnpʋʋgin): "tomato bibis, tomato bɛda, ntoos banɛ mɔr vaand, ntoos banɛ malis, large serpent tomatoes, banɛ wan binis nɔnya", nɛ tomato banɛ mɔr kala wʋsa lin yi banɛ muoe wiig paae banɛ an dɔnbʋʋlim. Sahagún paal ye Aztecs dim dʋgʋd diib kɔnɔbkɔnɔb, ka mɔr ntoos kɔnɔbkɔnɔbi maan, kuosidi ba tɛnpʋʋgin daan: "diib nam, ditʋʋla; ... mɔr tamantoos, ... tomato bɛda laad, tomato baanlig laad, ..."

#### Spanish widigir
Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés da gbaae Tenochtitlan yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisnu nɛ pisi nɛ yinnɛ la (1521) da kɛ ka nidib zamisi ba taaba malima nɛ disieba ka ba buon din ye Columbian laad tiasig; ba da kuod tomato Europe tɛŋin tiasig nwa nyaaŋ. Ban da pinili pianad tomato yela European gbana ni yiiga da anɛ Pietro Andrea Mattioli yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisnu nɛ pisnaasi nɛ anaasi (1544) gbaŋ kanɛ ka o da buon herbal la. O da yel ye ba mɔr bʋnbʋtir kanɛ wan gbila paaligi kɛn Italy tɛŋin na. O da paas ye li yaa biig li anɛ wiig wan wʋʋ ziim nɛ bɛɛ lin on an wan wʋʋ sanlim nindaa nɛ, ka fʋ tɔnɔn bʋasi li ɔnbid wan wʋʋ komma nɛ—lin anɛ, ba yaa dʋg ka paas yaarim, yanzʋʋs, nɛ kpaam. Yʋʋm piiga nyaaŋ ka Mattioli da pʋd wal la yʋʋr ye *pomi d'oro*, bɛɛ "golden apples".

Saŋkanɛ ka Spanish dim da sʋʋg America la nyaaŋ, Spanish dim da pʋdʋgi ba tomato tis tɛɛns banɛ ka ba da sʋʋg la wʋsa. Ba da mɔri li kɛŋ Philippines, anina ka li yi kɛŋ paae southeast Asia ka yadigi paae Asia sʋʋlim wʋsa. Spanish dim da mɔr tomato kɛŋ Europe, anina ka tɛŋ la maasim da an titua ka li da nɔbig sʋʋŋa; ba da pinil kuob nɛ yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisnu nɛ pisnaasi nam saŋa (1540s). Ba da pinili diti li ban da kuodi li la nyaaŋ, ka ba da pinili mɔri li maan diib 17th century pinilig sa Spain tɛŋin, wan wʋʋ lin sɔbi bɛ yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisyuobʋ nɛ piinɛnii (1618) diema kanɛ buon *La octava maravilla* ka onɛ maali li an Lope de Vega ka labaar kanɛ bɛ li pʋʋgin sieba an "lovelier than ... a tomato in season".

##### '''China'''
Tomato da paae China sʋʋlim, li tɔnɔn da yinɛ Philippines bɛɛ Macau tɛɛnsin, 16th century saŋa. Ba da pʋdi li yʋʋr ye 番茄 *fānqié* (tɛŋsia wal gbilig), wan wʋʋ Chinese dimi da pʋd diib buudi banɛ da naan tɛŋ sieba paae ba tɛŋin na la, amaa ka lɛɛ anɛ kʋdʋmn sa bʋnam la.

###### '''Italy'''

###### '''Britain'''
Tamantɔos da pʋ bʋd England tɛŋ nii ti paaɛ Yʋm tʋsir kɔbʋsnʋ nɛ piswai saŋa. Daʋ kanɛ da an yiiga da bʋd da anɛ John Gerard, ɔ da anɛ barber – surgeon. Gerard's Herbal, da yinɛ yʋm tʋsir kɔbʋsnʋ nɛ piswai nɛ ayɔpɔi zinis kɔnbkɔnb ka da lɛm pian tamantoos yɛla England. Gerard da mi yɛ Spain nɛ Italy dim dit tamantoos. Laam nɛ wala, ɔ da mi ye li anɛ yabid. Gerard da tɔn paansid nidib kɛ ka mi yɛ tamantoos pʋ nar nɛ diibɔ Yʋma bɛdigʋ Britain nɛ tɛŋ banɛ bɛ ya datiʋŋ ka America dim da nyaŋ la. Yʋm tʋsir kɔbʋsnii ne pisi tamantoos da yalig zɛmasa da wʋsa ka bani mi dʋgib wʋsa da mori li, ba da piandi lɛbid ban bʋt lin maa lambakin li vɛnlim la, ka ba mɛ mɔri dʋgid tɛŋ lalli Itali bɛɛ Jewish cuisine. Wɛn wɔɔ Elizabeth Blackwell A Curious Herbal, ba bʋɔn ni li nɛ ye “Love Apple (Amoris Pomum)” ban mɔri dit nɛ kpaam nɛ vinegar Italy tɛŋin, li bʋʋdi wɛn wɔɔ ban dit gɔl UK siɛm la. Yʋm tʋsir kɔbʋsyʋɔbʋ nɛ pisyʋɔbʋ nɛ atan la, The New York Times dim da paal yʋʋr kani an ‘Love Apple’ la gbin ka li an ye French dim pʋ yaŋi bʋɔl yʋʋr la sʋm lin nar ye Itali pomo dei Mori (“the Moors' apple”) ka ba lɛɛ bʋɔn ye *pomme d'amour*, (“love apple”).

### Middle East
John Barker da pinil tamantɔos bʋdib Middle East, ɔ da anɛ British nid kanɛ ziɛ gɔmɛna nɔbazʋg bɛ Aleppo yʋm tʋsir kɔbʋsyɔpɔi nɛ piswai nɛ awai kiŋ paaɛ yʋm tʋsir kɔbʋsnii nɛ pisnʋ nɛ anʋ. Nineteenth century ka ba da paal  ye li anɛ linɛ ka ba paasi mɔri dʋgid diib. Yʋm tʋsir kɔbʋsnii nɛ pisnii nɛ yinɛ ba da yɛ li anɛ linɛ ka bad it “yʋma pisnaasi bani gaad”.

### United States
Saŋa yiiga kanɛ ka ba tʋɔs tamantoos bʋdib yela British North America da anɛ yʋʋm tʋsir kɔbʋsyɔpɔi nɛ piiga, tinyaa dʋata William Salmon da nyɛ linɛ ka zina ka ba bʋɔn ye South Carolina la, Caribbean dimi da paali li. 18th century tɛŋsʋk ba da bʋdi li Carolina pɔɔdin nɛ zinsiɛba Southeast. Thomas Jefferson, ɔnɛ da di tamantoos Paris da mɔri li biili la lɛb America. America dim siɛba da pian tamantoosi mɔri dʋgid la yɛla, laam nɛ Michele Felice Corne nɛ Robbert Gibbon Johnson. America dim bɛdigʋ gɔs ka tamantoos anɛ yabid saŋkan la, bɛdigʋ da bʋdnɛ ka li maal venlim ka kai diibɔ. Yʋm tʋsir kɔbʋsnii nɛ piswai nɛ ayɔpɔi, W. H. Garrison da yɛl ye “ba da siak ya ye tamantoos kai sʋm ka li anɛ dɛŋ.” Ɔ da tinisi ɔ biilimin ye ba da bʋɔn tamantoos nɛ ye “love-apples bee wolf-apples” ka zansi li ye “globes of the devil”.

Saŋkanɛ ka Alexander W. Livingston (yʋm tʋsir kɔbʋsnii nɛ pisi nɛ yinnɛ kiŋ paaɛ yʋm tʋsir Kɔbʋsnii nɛ piswai nɛ anii) da pinli kʋɔd tamatoos bɛdigʋ la, ɔ da bɔɔdnɛ yɛ ɔ bʋd tamantoos ka li venl, ka zɛm, ka lɛm malis. Li naar wʋsa ɔ da bʋd ya ka li paaɛ wʋʋ ban bʋʋdi piinɛ ayɔpɔi. U.S. Department of Agriculture yʋm tʋsir kɔbʋswai ne pistan nɛ ayɔpɔi gbanani da yɛl yɛ tamantoos kɔnbkɔnb la pʋsʋk yinɛ Livingston da mʋg ka paas laad bɛdigʋ. Livingston tamantoos yiiga bʋʋdi da anɛ Paragon, li da singnɛ yʋm tʋsir kɔbʋsnii nɛ pisyɔpɔi. Yʋm tʋsir kɔbʋsnii nɛ pisyɔpɔi nɛ anʋ la, ɔ da siiŋ Acme, ka kpaadib bɛdigʋ bʋdi paaɛ yʋm pisinɛ anʋ. Tamantoos bʋʋdi banɛ da paas da anɛ Henry Tilden lowa ne Dr. Hand bɛ Baltimore.

Tamantoosi bɔɔd tʋʋlig nɛ saŋa bɛdigʋ yɛ li nɔbigla, tɛns bɛdigʋ banɛ bɛ Sun Belt da kʋɔdi li, kas kas anɛ Florida nɛ California. California, banɛ bɛ lanbaadin la da kʋɔd tamantoos tisid daasin nɛ banɛ sʋʋd container namin. University of California, Davis C.M. Rick Tomato Generic Resource Center da mɔr nɛ tamantoos la bʋʋdi yinnɛ. Banɛ vɛɛnsid ban maan tamantoos siɛm bɛ California Tomato Research Institute Escalon, California da vɛɛsi li yela. California, kpaadib kʋɔdnɛ nɛ ʋʋn kʋɔb li kas kas anɛ linɛ ka ba bʋɔn ye Early Girl tomatoes la. Kʋɔb kaŋa bʋʋdi kɛtnɛ ka li ba nyaa tɛŋin paaɛ kʋɔm ziik.

## Tiig Zamisʋg

### Paalʋg
Tamantoos anɛ tiig kanɛ dig tɛŋin kaba mɔr daʋgi tiɛd, ka li nɔbigir an 3m (9.8 ft); banɛ nɔbigid mɔɔgin la pʋ paad 100cm (3 ft 3 in) waalim nii. Ba tɔɔn vʋɛ yʋma bɛdigʋ, ba bʋd nɛ yʋʋm yʋʋm.

Tamantoos anɛ tiig kanɛ mɔr vanad lamma ayi. Ba nɔbigidnɛ ka mɔr tila ka lɛm mɔr til titaar kanɛ nɔbigid. Li nɔɔr kanɛ nɔbigid la yaa ti bas nɔbigir ka li an ye ba kiikɛ bɛɛ li maalnɛ pʋʋm, li na maal dʋtir ka lɛm siŋ nɔbigir kilim vinɛ. Tamantɔos kanɛ kaba tia nɛ daʋg wɛn wɔɔ dasaʋŋ bɛɛ pʋasadir nɛ li paal ye ba mɔrnɛ zʋɔbid venla. Zʋɔbid la sʋŋidi li ka li tiɛdi kilimid yaa ziŋ kanɛ ka li nɔbigi kiŋ siis tiŋ ka li mɔr maasʋg wʋsa, li kas kas anɛ lin na kiŋ tɔŋnɛ li mɛŋ yaa ka li saam. Li vaaadla anɛ 10 – 25cm (4-10 in) waalim ni, li nɔɔrin la wɛn wɔɔ yina nɛ, tilla nɛ vaaad la wʋsa mɔr nɛ zʋɔbid.

Tamantoos mɛŋi maannɛ li pʋʋm ka titti li mɛŋ kʋʋlʋm. Ban da mɔr tamantoos yiti li ziigin la, lini da sʋŋidi maan pʋʋm la(siins) da pʋ dɔl laa. Lin tɔɔn maali li mɛŋ kʋʋlim la kɛ ka li an sʋm ka banɛ kʋɔdi li yaan la maligim bʋti li pam. Nɛ kaɛ yinnɛ nɛ tiis banɛ maani ba mɛŋ diib laa amaa tamantoos tɔɔn maala ala. Tamantoos tɔɔn maali li mɛŋ diib ka siɛl pʋ sʋŋi li la kɛ nɛ ka li bɛɛ li kɔ di yaa ti paaɛ saŋa kanɛ ka sisiɛm naar yɛ li daaɛ ka tiis miim bɛɛ cultured bumblebees.

Flower banɛ yi apical meristem la. Ba mɔr zing kanɛ ka pʋʋm maan ka lɛm maali lʋs pistil la. Li anther la pɔbilnɛ wɔɔ gɔŋnɛ gilig stigma la. Li flower la anɛ 1-2cm (0.4-0.8 in) across, ka an dɔbʋʋlʋg ka mɔr vaad ka li tɔ zinsa anʋ corolla la ni; ba bɛ nɛ cyme ka an zinsa atan kiŋ paaɛ zins piinɛ ayi laas taaba.

Li wɛl la maannɛ ovary la ni fertilization yaa ti naaɛ, li anɛ vɛnliŋʋ ka mɔr pɛricarp wall. Wɛla la mɔr nɛ locules, ka pʋʋgin an vɔɔgʋ ka biili pɛɛl. Ba bɛ nɛ kɔnbkɔnb. Siɛba bɛɛ an fifiis ka mɔr locules nama ayi; bam an gbiligʋ ka mɔr locules nama atam bɛɛ anʋ; beefsteak tamantoos mɔr locʋles nam fifiis ban bɛdigʋ; nɛ plʋm tamantoos mɛ mɔr biɛlla, locules fiisa mɛn. Yaa an bʋdib, biili la nar ye li yi wɛla banɛ gbʋʋ ni, ka miis biɛla ka yaŋi yis gbaŋ kanɛ bɛ zʋgin la ka dɛligili ka li kʋdig yiiga ka fʋ naan bʋd.

Tamantoos la mɔr dɔlnɛ nɔr yinnɛ nɛ arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi wɛn wɔɔ Rhizophagus irregularis. Gbanmiidib mɔr tamantoos la ka li an linɛ ka ba vɛɛrsidi li yɛla wɛn wɔɔ symbioses.

### Genetics
Tɛns kɔnɔbkɔnɔb vɛɛrsvɛɛrsidib laasi yi tɛns piiga da siiŋi tɔɔŋid tamantoos nam yʋm tʋsa ayi nɛ anaasi. Ba da dɛŋim pian tamantoos yɛla nɛ li bʋʋdi an siɛm yʋma tʋsa ayi nɛ awai bʋnia wadigin. Cultivar Heinz 1706 genome vʋgiri da siniŋnɛ dabis pistan nɛ yinnɛ nwadisa anʋ lani yʋma tʋsa ayi nɛ piinɛ ayi. Nannanna genome siniŋnɛ yʋma tʋsa ayi nɛ pisinɛ ayi mɔr 799 MB ka protein kanɛ ka ba bʋki baŋ an 34,384 ka li widigi paaɛ chromosome nam piinɛ ayi.

Genetically modified food kanɛ ka ba maal yiiga kʋɔsid anɛ tamantoos ka ba bʋɔn Flavr Savr, ka ba gɔs ka li tɔn diginɛ yʋʋg. Amaa li da pʋ kʋɔsi yʋʋgɛ, li da kʋɔsi kiŋ paaɛ yʋʋm tʋsir kɔbʋswai nɛ piswai nɛ ayɔpɔi maa.

**Kuob**

Yʋʋm tusayi nɛ pisi nɛ ayi ni (2022), tomatos da maal dunia wʋsa nɛ 186 million tonnes, ka linɛ da yi China an pistan nɛ ayɔpɔi, kɔbiga pʋʋgin (37%), ka banɛ dɔl nyaaŋ an India, Turkey, nɛ United States ban mɛ an banɛ tiali bɛ tabul la zugin). Dunia wʋsa da nɔk 4.8 million hectares yʋʋm tusayi nɛ piinɛ yi (2012) tis tomato kuob ka lin da an siem an 161.8 million tonnes. Pɔɔg wʋsa da maal tomatos wʋʋ 33.6 tonnes eka yinnɛ pʋʋgin yʋʋm tusir nɛ piinɛ yi ni (2012). Tomato pɔɔd banɛ bɛ Netherlands tɛŋin da maali gaadi ba taaba bɛ yʋʋm tusayi nɛ piinɛyi ni (2012), ka tɛŋ kan ni da an wan wʋʋ 476 tonnes eka wʋsa pʋʋgin, ka banɛ da dɔl nyaaŋ an Belgium (463 tonnes eka yinnɛ pʋʋgin) nɛ Iceland (429 tonnes eka yinnɛ wʋsa pʋʋgin).

## Bʋnvʋya nɛ banas

### Bʋnvʋya
Bʋnvʋya banɛ sanamid tomato sieba anɛ tomato bug, stink bugs, cutworms, tomato hornworms nɛ tobacco hornworms, aphids, cabbage loopers, whiteflies, tomato fruitworms, flea beetles, red spider mite, *Tuta absoluta* (tomato leafminer), slugs, nɛ Colorado potato beetles. Bʋnvʋya banɛ sanamidi ba gbana la, *Aculops lycopersici*, dit bʋʋlim nɛ wala banɛ an baanlig la, kɛt ka vaand la gbiribid, ka sanamid puum la nɛ wal la, hali ka tɔɔe kʋ bʋnbʋtir la.

Bʋnvʋya yaa daam tomato tiig la li na maal bʋnlinɛ buon systemin, linɛ guudi li ka bʋnkɔnbid pʋ tɔnɔe sanamidi lii. Nwa kɛt ka li nyɛt guud, bʋnlinɛ guud ka bʋnvʋya pʋ sanamidi lii. Ba da nyɛ guud kaŋa yiiga bɛnɛ tomatoes ni.

**Banas**

Tomato buudi bɛ kɔnɔb-kɔnɔb kati waae ban na nyaŋi gu banas yela. Nannanna ka ba bɔɔd siem anɛ ba paae buudi banɛ guud banas bɛdigʋ. Tomato banas yinnɛ anɛ tobacco mosaic virus. Sigaar zanlim nɛ taba laad tɔnɔe pʋdig banas la tis tomato bʋnbʋtir la. Wibɛɛd hali anɛ curly top, ka bʋnlinɛ ziidi li an beet leafhopper, linɛ sanamidi li nɔbigir. Wan wʋʋ yʋʋr la an siem la, li kɛt ka ba vaand banɛ bɛ agɔl la gbiribid ka pʋ nɔbigid titua nɛ. Bacterial wilt mɛ anɛ banas kanɛ ka o yela pak hali linɛ kɛt ka ba pʋ wan titua nɛ. Wang *et al.*, 2019 da nyɛ bʋnlinɛ kʋʋd bʋnvʋya ye li sʋŋi sanam bʋnvʋya la paŋ, sansieba anɛ li sie bʋnvʋya la paŋ ka sansieba ka ba nyaŋi gaŋ banɛ tɔne wiim ka lɛɛ pʋ nɔbigid tɔɔtɔɔ.

## Diib
**Diib maalig**

Tomatoes, ban malis ka lɛn an tɔlim-tɔlim la, ba mɔri li bɛ Mediterranean zinis ni paasidi maan pizza nɛ pasta diib. Ba mɔr tomatoes maan sielnam bɛdigʋ bɛ Spanish gazpacho nɛ Catalan *pa amb tomàquet*. Tomato anɛ bʋnlinɛ paas Middle East diib zinis ni, ka ba dit nɛ salads (wan wʋʋ, Arab salad, Israeli salad, Shirazi salad nɛ Turkish salad), ka ba paasi li niimini sɛnɛd nɛ disieba ni.

Tomatoes paas Indian diib dʋgʋb pʋʋgin Europeans dimi da mɔri li kɛna la. Kashmiri diib, rogan josh, mɔr tomato li pʋʋgin; ba da ɛɛti nɔk nɛ nanzʋʋ wiigi gɛndig ka li muoe, ka tomatoes paas Punjabi diib maalig pʋʋgin. British diib kanɛ ka ba buon tikka masala titaam mɔr tomato nɛ cream li pʋʋgin.

**Sʋab**

Tomatos bɔɔdim anɛ fʋ na pʋ pie li ka nɔki li digil zinig kanɛ ka waad nɛ tʋʋlig sial ka nintaŋ pʋ paad anina, ka li pʋ bɔɔd firig pʋʋginɛ. fʋ yaa pʋoe li nɛ daag la digil kɛt ka li nyaŋidi yʋʋgid. Fʋ tɔɔn digil tomatoes kanɛ pʋ biigɛ pɛpa baagi pʋʋgin ka li biig. Ba tɔɔn sʋa tomatoes ka li yuugi bɛ kʋnkɔŋin, firig pʋʋgin, dɛligir, bɛɛ fʋn na dʋg ka li kilim ganalig.

**Nutrition**

Tomato kanɛ an kansir mɔr kuom piswai nɛ anu, kɔbiga pʋʋgin (95%), paŋ kanɛ bɛ li pʋʋgin an anaasi, kɔbiga pʋʋgin (4%), ka kpaam nɛ linɛ ka ba buon naasaalin ye protein mɛ an 1%.

**Laafi yela**

Lʋgir kanɛ gɔsid diib nɛ laafi yela ka ba buoni ba US Food and Drug Administration siak ye vɛɛnsig biela bɛ paal ye diib banɛ ka ba nɔk tomato maal sied dindiig banas la.

## Gbanvɛɛnsa