한스 아이슬러

**한스 아이슬러**(Hanns Eisler, 1898년 7월 6일 ~ 1962년 9월 6일)는 오스트리아의 작곡가이다. 그의 아버지는 오스트리아 사람이며 아이슬러는 제1차 세계 대전에 참전했다. 이후 1919년부터 1923년까지 아르놀트 쇤베르크의 제자로 있었으며, 1928년에 아들 게오르크 아이슬러가 태어났다. 베르톨트 브레히트와 연합하여 《통일전선가》를 작곡했으며, 동독의 《폐허에서 부활하여》라는 애국가를 작곡한 것으로 유명하다. 영화용 음악을 작곡하기도 했다. 한스 아이슬러 국립 음악대학교(Hochschule für Musik Hanns Eisler Berlin)가 그의 이름을 따서 지어졌다.

## 작품
* 1918: *Gesang des Abgeschiedenen* ("Die Mausefalle") (after Christian Morgenstern); "Wenn es nur einmal so ganz still wäre" (after Rainer Maria Rilke)
* 1919: *Drei Lieder* (Li-Tai-Po, Klabund); "Sehr leises Gehn im lauen Wind";
* 1922: Allegro moderato and Waltzes; Allegretto and Andante for Piano
* 1923: Piano Sonata No. 1, Op. 1
* 1923: Divertimento; Four Piano Pieces
* 1923: Divertimento for wind quintet, Op. 4
* 1924: Piano Sonata No. 2, Op. 6
* 1925: Eight Piano Pieces
* 1926: *Tagebuch des Hanns Eisler* (*Diary of Hanns Eisler*); *11 Zeitungsausschnitte*; Ten Lieder; Three Songs for Men's Chorus (after Heinrich Heine)
* 1928: "Drum sag der SPD ade"; "Lied der roten Matrosen" ("Song of the Red Sailors", with Erich Weinert); *Pantomime* (with Béla Balázs); "Kumpellied"; "Red Sailors' Song"; "Couplet vom Zeitfreiwilligen"; "Newspaper's Son"; "Auch ein Schumacher (verschiedene Dichter)"; "Was möchst du nicht" (from Des Knaben Wunderhorn); "Wir sind das rote Sprachrohr"
* 1929: *Tempo der Zeit* (*Tempo of Time*) for chorus and small orchestra, Op. 16; Six Lieder (after Weinert, Weber, Jahnke and Vallentin); "Lied der Werktätigen" ("Song of the Working People"; with Stephan Hermlin)
* 1930: *[[The Decision (play)|Die Maßnahme]]* (*The Measures Taken*, Lehrstück, text by Bertolt Brecht), Op. 20; *Six Ballads* (after Weber, Brecht, and Walter Mehring); *Four Ballads* (after B. Traven, Kurt Tucholsky, Wiesner-Gmeyner, and Arendt); *Suite No. 1*, Op. 23
* 1931 incidental music for *Die Mutter* (*[[The Mother (Brecht play)|The Mother]]*) by Bertolt Brecht (after Maxim Gorky), for small theatre orchestra
* 1931: "Lied der roten Flieger" (after Semyon Kirsanov); *Four Songs* (after Frank, Weinert) from the film *Niemandsland*; film music for *[[Kuhle Wampe]]* (texts by Brecht) with the famous "Ballad of the Pirates", "Song of Mariken", *Four Ballads* (with Bertolt Brecht); *Suite No. 2*, Op. 24 ("Niemandsland"); Three Songs after Erich Weinert; "Das Lied vom vierten Mann" ("The Song of the Fourth Man"); "Streiklied" ("Strike Song"); *Suite No. 3*, Op. 26 ("Kuhle Wampe")
* 1932: "Ballad of the Women and the Soldiers" (with Brecht); *Seven Piano Pieces*; *Kleine Sinfonie* (*Little Symphony*); *Suite No. 4*, Music for the Russian film *Pesn' o geroyakh* (Song of Heroes) by Joris Ivens with "Song from the Urals" (after Sergei Tretyakov); reissued as instrumental piece Op. 30 ("Die Jugend hat das Wort")
* 1934: "Einheitsfrontlied" ("United Front Song"); "Saarlied" ("Saar Song"), "Lied gegen den Krieg" ("Song Against War"), "Ballade von der Judenhure Marie Sanders" ("Ballad of the Jews' Whore Marie Sanders"), songs from *[[Round Heads and Pointed Heads|Die Rundköpfe und die Spitzköpfe]]*; "Sklave, wer wird dich befreien" ("Slave, who will liberate you"; with Brecht); "California Ballad"; *Six Pieces*; *Prelude and Fugue on [[BACH motif|B–A–C–H]]* (string trio); *Spartakus 1919*, Op. 43
* 1935: *Die Mutter* (*[[The Mother (Brecht play)|The Mother]]*) rewritten as cantata for chorus, solo voices and two pianos for a New York stage production
* 1935: *Lenin Requiem* for solo voices, chorus and orchestra
* 1936 : Cantata *Gegen den Krieg*
* 1937: Seven cantatas based on texts taken from Ignazio Silone's novels *[[Bread and Wine (novel)|Bread and Wine]]* and *[[Fontamara]]* for solo voice, strings and woodwind instruments
: *Die Römische Kantate*, Op. 60;
: *Kantate im Exil* (Man lebt von einem Tag zu dem andern), Op. 62;
: *Kantate "Nein"* (Kantate im Exil No. 2);
: *Kantate auf den Tod eines Genossen*, Op. 64;
: *Kriegskantate*, Op. 65;
: *Die den Mund auf hatten*;
: *Die Weißbrotkantate*
* "Friedenssong" ("Peace Song", after Petere); "Kammerkantaten" ("Chamber Cantatas"); Ulm 1592; "Bettellied "("Begging Song", with Brecht); "Lenin Requiem" (with Brecht)
* 1938: *Cantata on Herr Meyers' First Birthday*; String Quartet; Fünf Orchesterstücke ; Theme and Variations "Der lange Marsch"
* 1939: Nonet No. 1
* 1940: Music for the documentary film *White Flood* (Frontier Films), reissued as *Chamber Symphony* (Kammersymphonie)
* 1941: Music for the documentary film *A Child went forth* (directed by Joseph Losey), reissued as Suite for Septet No. 1, op. 92a
* 1940/41: Film music for *[[The Forgotten Village]]* (directed by Herbert Kline and Alexander Hammid, written by John Steinbeck)
* 1940/41: Nonet No. 2
* 1941: *[[Woodbury, Connecticut#The Woodbury Songbook|Woodbury-Liederbüchlein]]* (*Woodbury Songbook*, 20 children songs for female choir written in Woodbury, Connecticut); "14 Arten den Regen zu beschreiben" (14 ways to describe rain) (for the Joris Ivens film *Rain*, later dedicated to Arnold Schoenberg for his 70th birthday)
* 1942: "Hollywood-Elegien" ("Hollywood Elegies"; with Brecht) in the *Hollywooder Liederbuch* (*Hollywood Songbook*)
* 1943: Film music for *[[Hangmen Also Die!]]*; Piano Sonata No. 3
* 1943: Songs for *[[Schweik in the Second World War]]*; "Deutsche Misere" (with Brecht)
* 1943: Piano sonata no. 3
* 1945: Film score for *[[The Spanish Main]]*, directed by Frank Borzage
* 1946: "Glückliche Fahrt" ("Prosperous Voyage", after Goethe); Songs and ballad for Brecht's play *[[Life of Galileo]]*.
* 1946: Film scores for *[[A Scandal in Paris]]* and *[[Deadline at Dawn]]*
* 1947: Septet No. 2
* 1947: Music for *[[The Woman on the Beach]]*, film directed by Jean Renoir
* 1948: Incidental music for Johann Nestroy's play *Höllenangst*
* 1948: "Lied über die Gerechtigkeit" ("Song of Justice", after W. Fischer)
* 1949: *Berliner-Suite*; *Rhapsody*; "Lied über den Frieden" ("Song about Peace"); *Auferstanden aus Ruinen* (National Anthem of the DDR (text by Becher)); "Treffass"
* 1950: "Mitte des Jahrhunderts" (after Becher); Four Lieder on *Die Tage der Commune*; Children's Songs (with Brecht)
* 1952: "Das Lied vom Glück" ("The Song of Happiness"; after Brecht); "Das Vorbild" (after Goethe)
* 1954 : *Winterschlacht-Suite*
* 1955: *[[Night and Fog (1955 film)|Night and Fog]]*, music for the film *[[Herr Puntila and His Servant Matti (1960 film)|Herr Puntila and His Servant Matti]]*; *Puntila-Suite*; "Im Blumengarten" ("In the flower garden"); "Die haltbare Graugans"; Three Lieder after Brecht; music for the 1955 film *[[Bel Ami (1955 film)|Bel Ami]]*
* 1956: *Vier Szenen auf dem Lande* (*Katzgraben*) ("Four Scenes from the Country", after Erwin Strittmatter); Children's Songs (after Brecht); "Fidelio" (after Beethoven)
* 1957: *Sturm-Suite für Orchester*; *Bilder aus der Kriegsfibel*; "Die Teppichweber von Kujan-Bulak" ("The Carpetweavers of Kujan-Bulak", with Brecht); "Lied der Tankisten" (text by Weinert); "Regimenter gehn"; "Marsch der Zeit" ("March of Time", after Vladimir Mayakovsky); Three Lieder (after Mayakovsky and Peter Hacks); "Sputnik-Lied" ("Sputnik Song", text of Kuba (Kurt Barthel)); film music for *Les Sorcières de Salem* (*[[The Crucible (1957 film)|The Crucible]]*)
* 1935-1958: *[[Deutsche Sinfonie]]* (after texts of Bertolt Brecht and Ignazio Silone)
* 1958: "Am 1. Mai" ("To May Day", with Brecht)
* 1959: 36 more songs on texts by Kurt Tucholsky for Gisela May and Ernst Busch;
* 1962: "Ernste Gesänge" ("Serious Songs"), seven *Lieder* after Friedrich Hölderlin, Berthold Viertel, Giacomo Leopardi, Helmut Richter, and Stephan Hermlin

## 각주

## 외부 링크

* The International Hanns Eisler Society
* North American Hanns Eisler Forum 
* Orel Foundation Hanns Eisler – biography, bibliography, works and discography.
* Hanns Eisler Complete Edition (projected publication of all his scores and writings)
* 
* Hanns Eisler Project
* Georg Eisler Gallery
* Hanns Eisler FBI File


분류:1898년 출생
분류:1962년 사망
분류:오스트리아의 클래식 작곡가
분류:오스트리아의 영화 음악 작곡가
분류:오스트리아의 공산주의자
분류:독일의 클래식 작곡가
분류:독일의 영화 음악 작곡가
분류:독일의 공산주의자
분류:독일의 제1차 세계 대전 참전 군인
분류:국가 작곡가
분류:작센 왕국 출신
분류:할리우드 블랙리스트
분류:미국에서 추방된 사람
분류:아르놀트 쇤베르크
분류:20세기 클래식 작곡가
분류:매카시즘 피해자
분류:오스트리아에서 동독으로 이민간 사람