마르틴 켐니츠

**마르틴 켐니츠**(Martin Chemnitz, 1522년 11월 9일~1586년 4월 8일)는 독일의 저명한 제 2세대 루터란 신학자이며 종교 개혁가이다. 루터란 전통속에서 그는 제 2의 마르틴 루터로 알려져 있다.

## 예배에 관하여
그는 공예배에 대하여 사람이 정한 행사가 대체 할 수 없는 이유에 대하여 여덟가지로 정리하였다.

# 행사는 하나님으로부터 온 기관을 갖고 있지 않다.
# 성자께서는 교회가 성례 이외에 다른 어떤 행사를 첨가할 수 있도록 허용하지 않았다.
# 사람이 만든 행사의 기원은 하나님에 의해 정해진 예배에 아름다움을 첨가하려는 것이므로, 하나님이 정해 주신 예배의 단순함이 불충분하다는 것이므로, 이것은 받아들일 수 없는 결론이다.
# 사람이 만든 행사의 자랑과 광채는 하나님에 의해 미리 정해진 예배를 불분명하게 만든다.
# 로마가톨릭의 미사는 의도적으로, 하나님으로부터의 말씀과 약속과는 별도의 축복을 부여한다.
# 일반인의 눈에는 사람이 고안한 행사가 하나님에 의해 직접 정해진 예배와 동등하다고 여겨지므로, 이것은 받아들일 수 없는 결론이다.
# 고대 교회에서 행해졌던 많은 의식들은 필수가 아니라 선택사항이었다.
# 교회에서 사람들은 하나님에 의해 명령된 예배와 사람이 만든 것과 혼동한다. 그러므로 결국 하나님의 말씀의 권위를 파괴하게 된다.

## 작품

### 자서전
**Martin Chemnitii einhändige Lebens-Beschreibung. Nebst denen ihm zu Braunschweig gesetzen Epitaphiis [Martin Chemnitz's Submitted Life-Description {Autobiography}. Together with the Epitaphs Erected to Him in Braunschweig]*. 1719. Translated into English as *[https://books.google.com/books?id=fi8bAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA472&vq=%22An+Autobiography+of+Martin+Kemnitz%22&source=gbs_search_r&cad=1_1 An Autobiography of Martin Chemnitz].* A.L. Graebner, trans. *Theological Quarterly*, vol. 3, no. 4 (1899).

### 교회치리
**Brevis et Simplex Forma Examinis de Praecipuis Doctrinae Caelestis Capitibus [Brief and Simple Form of Examination concerning the Principal Chapters of Celestial Doctrine].* 1571.
**Kirchen-Ordnung, wie es mit Lehr und Ceremonien des Fürstenthums-Braunschweig [Church Order, As to Doctrine and Ceremonies, of the Duchy of Braunschweig]*. 1569.
**Ministry, Word, and Sacraments: An Enchiridion.* Luther Poellot, trans. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1981. (Originally published in 1593 [German] and 1603 [Latin] as *Enchiridion D. Martini Chemnitii*.)
**Ein Schone vnnd richtige Form zu beichten [A Good and Proper Form for Confess{ing} {One's Sins}].* 1603.

### 신앙고백서
**Acta formulae concordiae in Bergensi coenobio prope Magdeburgum [Records of the *Formula of Concord* in Bergen Abbey near Magdeburg]*. 1707 with Nicholas Selnecker. (The deliberations of the writers of the *[[Formula of Concord]]* to finalize that document).
* *[https://books.google.com/books?id=W-RDAAAAcAAJ Apologia, oder Verantwortung deẞ Christlichen ConcordienBuchs]*, which appeared in Latin translation as *[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Pps8AAAAcAAJ Apologia libri Christianae concordiae] [literally: Apology of the Christian Book of  Concord]*. with Timothy Kirchner and Nicolaus Selneccer, 1583. (known as *The Apology of the [[Formula of Concord]]*)
**Christliches Bedenken auf Doct. Majors Repetitio und endliche Erklärung belangend den Streit [Christian Reflections on Dr. Major's {work}, "Repetitio," and Finally {an} Explanation As Far As the Controversy Is Concerned]*. 1568.
**Confessio ministeri Saxoni Konfession und Erklärung [Confession of the Ministers of Saxony: Confession and Explanation]*. 1571. (Text in German).
**Corpus doctrinae Prutenicum [The Prussian Body of Doctrine]*. 1568. (An Anthology of Lutheran Statements of Faith for the German domain of Prussia)
**Corpus doctrinae Julium [The {Duke} Julius Body of Doctrine]*. 1576. (An Anthology of Lutheran Statements of Faith for Duke Julius's Duchy of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel).
**Formulae Recte Sentiendi de Praecipuis Horum Temporum Controversiis [Forms of Thinking Correctly concerning the Chief Controversies of These Times]*. 1576 (Found in the *Corpus Doctrinae Wilhelminum* and the *Corpus Doctrinae Iulium*).
**Judicium de Controversiis qvibusdam circa qvosdam A.C. articulos.* 1594. Also known as: *De Controversiis quibusdam, quae superiori tempore circa quosdam Augustanae Confessionis articulos motae agitatae sunt, Iudicium d. Martini Chemnitii*, Polycarp Leyser, ed. Wittenberg, 1594 [*Judgment on Certain Controversies concerning Certain Articles of the [[Augsburg Confession]] Which Have Recently Arisen and Caused Controversy*].
**Solida ac vera Confessionis Augustanae historie ... [History of the Solid and True Augsburg Confession]* with Timothy Kirchner and Nicholas Selnecker, 1585.
**Wiederholte Christi gemeine Confession der Sächischen Kirchen [Reiterated Christian General Confession of the Saxon Church].*

### 설교
**Andächtige Gebete wider die Teuffel in den armen besessen Leuten [Devout Prayers against the Devil in the Poor Possessed People]*. 1596.
**Eine andere Predigt von auffrichtung Christlicher Schulen [Another Sermon on the Erecting of Christian Schools]*. 1573.
**Consilium ... de lectione patrum [Counsel ... On the Reading of the {church} Fathers]*. 1616.
**Echt evangelische aulegung de Sonn- und Festtags-evangelien des kirchenjahrs [Genuinely Evangelical Interpretation of the Sunday and Feastday Gospels of the Church Year]*. 1872–1878.
** Erster Band
** Zweiter Band
** Dritter Band
** Vierter Band
** Fünfter Band
**Sechster Band
** Siebenter Band
**Harmoniae Evangelicae [Harmony of the Gospels].* 1593.
**Historia der Passion Christi [History of the Passion of Christ].* 1590.
**Leich-Pred., Herrn Victor Beseken, gewessen Bürgemeisters in Bremen [Funeral Sermon for Lord Victor Beseken, Former Mayor of [[Bremen (city)|Bremen]]]* 1612.
**Leich-Predigt, in funere Christoph von Blanckenburg, anno 1573 gethan [Funeral Sermon, at the Burial of Christoph von Blanckenburg, given in the Year 1573]*. 1578.
**Oratio de Lectione Patrum, habita [Oration Concerning the Reading of the Fathers, Delivered ...]*. 1554.
**Oratio habita in Introductione Universitatis Juliae [{An} Oration Delivered at the Introduction of the University of {Duke} Julius].* 1576
**Oratio panegyrica, das ist, Trost- und Ehren-Predigt bey des weyland ... M. Chemnitii ... Leichbestätigung [Panegyrical Oration, that is, Comforting and Honoring Sermon of M. Chemnitz at the formerly ... Burial].* 1627.
**Postilla: oder Auslegung der Euangelien welche auff die Sontage, auch die fürnembste Fest und Apostel Tage in der Gemeine Gottes abgelesen und erkläret werden [Postils: Or Interpretation of the Gospels, which on the Sundays, also the Foremost Feast and Apostle Days, in the Congregation of God Are Read and Explained].* 1593.
**Postille, oder Erklärung der ordentlichen Sonn- und Fest-Tags Evangelien [Postil, or Explanation of the Proper Sun- and Feastdays' Gospels].* 1594.
**Predigt am Sonntag Septuagesima [Sermon for Septuagesima Sunday].* 1866.
**Eine Predigt bey der Einführung der Julius-Universität zu Helmstedt [A Sermon at the Introduction of the {Duke} Julius-University at Helmstedt].* [German text of *Oratio habita in Introductione Universitatis Juliae*] 1576.
**Eine Predigt über das Evangelion Matthew 22 [A Sermon on Matthew 22].* 1573.
**Ein Predigt ... über John 3:1-15 (über Luke 18:9-14) [A Sermon ... on John 3:1-15 (on Luke 18:9-14)].* 1856–1886.

### 편지
**Epistola de coena Domini in tertiam Apologiam Bezae [Letter Concerning the Lord's Supper in the Third Apology of Beza].*
**Epistolae Martini Chemnitii ad Matthiam Ritterum [Letters of Martin Chemnitz to Matthias Ritter].*

### Preface to a work by [[Heinrich Bünting]]
**Prefatio Doctoris M. Chemnitij [to] Heinrich Bünting's Itineranium et Chronicon ecclesiasticum totius Sacrae Scriptureae [Preface of Doctor M{artin} Chemnitz to Heinrich Bünting's Itinerary and Ecclesiastical Chronicle of All the Holy Scriptures].* 1581.

### Reports and task force studies (''Gutachten'')
**Bedencken: An justum sit, fures punire suspendie [Reflection: Whether It Be Just, to Punish Thieves By Hanging]*.
**Bedencken der Theologen zu Braunschwiegk/von dem newen Wittenbergischen Catchismo gestallet/der gantzen Christenheit zur Warnung ausgengen [Reflection of the Theologians of Braunschweig on the New Placed Wittenberg Catechism to All Christendom Sent Out As a Warning]*. 1571. (This document helped Elector August of Saxony uncover a plot to undermine the Lutheran faith of his duchy on the part of Crypto-Calvinist ministers and teachers.)
**Bedencken: Ob die Worte der Einsetzung notwendig müssen recitiret werden? [Reflection: Whether the Words of Institution {of the Lord's Supper} Must Necessarily Be Recited]*.
**Bedencken von Beruff und Enterlaubung der Predigter [Reflection on the Call and Authorization of Preachers]*.
**Bericht vom newen Baptischen Gregoriano Calendario, an den Landgraffen zu Hessen [Report on the New Papal Gregorian calendar, to the Landgrave of Hesse]*. 1584. (Chemnitz had been trained as an astrologer, and he was consulted on the advisability of adopting the new 1582 Gregorian calendar in place of the old Julian calendar.)
**Bericht von Gelegenheit und Unterschiedt der Herzogstümer Schleswig und Holtzstein [Report on {the} Location and Division of the Duchies of Schleswig and Holtstein]*. 1629.
**Consilium de vitandis Calvinianis [Counsel On Avoiding Calvinists]*. 1623.
**De coelibatu judicium [Judgment Concerning [[Chastity|Celibacy]] ]*. 1623.
**Judicium de Calendario Gregoriano [Judgment concerning the [[Gregorian calendar]] ].*
**Judicium von der Nohtwehre [Judgment concerning Self-Defense].* 1623.
**Monita Chemnitiana oder heilsame Erinnerungen ehmals von D. Martino Chemnitio bey solenner Einführung der Julius-Universität [Chemnitian {Chemnitz} Admonitions or Salutary Reminders Formerly by Dr. Martin Chemnitz at the Solemn Introduction of the {Duke} Julius University]*. 1716.

### Scholastic disputation
**Disputatio Theologica de Beneficiis Filii Dei, Domini, & Redemptoris nostri JESU CHRISTI, pro summis in Theologia honoribus consequendis habita [Theological Disputation Concerning the Blessings of the Son of God, Our Lord and Redeemer Jesus Christ, Held for the Highest Suitable Honors in Theology]*. 1568 (A theological disputation qualifying someone for a doctorate in theology).

### Theological treatises
**Anatome Propositionum Alberti Hardenbergii de Coena Domini [Anatomy/Dissection of the Propositions of Albert Hardenberg on the Lord's Supper]*. 1561.
**Bekäntnitz von der ubiquität [Confession on Ubiquity]*. 1623. (A document that presents Chemnitz's position on the doctrine of the omnipresence of Christ's human nature)
**De incarnatione filii Dei item de officio et maiestate Christi tractus [Treatise on the Incarnation of the Son of God, Also on the Office and Majesty of Christ]*. 1865.
**De origine Jeswitarum, et quo concilio secta illa recens instituta sit [On the Origin of the [[Jesuits]], and Counsel Concerning Which That Sect Is Recently Instituted]*. 1611.
**[https://books.google.com/books?id=fYOjvC2T9qIC&pg=PA232&dq Examination of the Council of Trent].* Fred Kramer, trans. 4 vols. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1971-86 (Originally published in 1565-73 as Examen Concilii Tridentini.)
**Loci Theologici.* J. A. O. Preus, trans. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1989; *Justification: The Chief Article of Christian Doctrine as Expoiunded in Loci Theologici.* J.A.O Preus, trans. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1985 (Originally published in 1591 as *Loci Theologici*.)
**Chapter on Almsgiving from Loci Theologici, translated into English in .pdf format
**The Lord's Prayer.* Georg Williams, trans. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1999 (Originally published in English translation as *A Svbstantial and godly exposition of the praier commonly called the Lords prayer.* Cambridge, 1598; the original Latin text, never published, has been lost).
**[https://books.google.com/books?id=fYOjvC2T9qIC&pg=PA231&dq The Lord's Supper].* J. A. O. Preus, trans. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1979. (Originally published in 1561 as *Repititio sanae doctrinae de vera praesentia corporis et sangvinis Domini in Coena*.)
**Martini Kemnitinii Von der Jesuwiten ankunfft unnd ursprung [Martin Chemnitz on the Arrival and Origin of the [[Jesuits]]]*. 1586.
**Ob ein Prediger am Ältare sich selbst communiciren möge [Whether a Preacher at the Altar Might Commune Himself]*. 1623.
**Richtige und inn H. Schrifft wolgegründte Erklarung / entlicher hochwichtiger und nötiger Artickel unser Christlichen Religion / in sonderliche Tractat und Predigten gefasset [An Explanation, Correct and Well-Grounded in Holy Scripture, of Quite a Few Highly Important and Necessary Articles of Our Christian Religion Contained in Special Treatises and Sermons].* 1592.
**Theologiæ Jesuitarum Brevis ac Nervosa Descriptio et Delineatio: Ex Præcipuis Capitibus Censuræ ipsorum, quæ Anno MDLX. Coloniæ edita est [A Brief and Bold Description and Delineation of the Theology of the [[Jesuits]]: From the Principal Chapters of Their Own Opinions, the Year of Which {is} 1560].* 1560.
**Theses quaedam de unione duarum naturarum in Christo hypostatica: item de officiis et maiestate Christi Mediatoris [Some Theses Concerning the Hypostatic Union of the Two Natures in Christ: That Is, Concerning the Offices and Majesty of Christ the Mediator].* 1558.
**Tract. de Imagine DEI in homine [Treatise on the Image of God in Man].* 1570.
**[https://books.google.com/books?id=fYOjvC2T9qIC&pg=PA227&dq The Two Natures of Christ].* J. A. O. Preus, trans. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1971. (Originally published in 1561 as *De Duabus Naturis in Christo: De hypostatica earum unione: De communicatione idiomaticum*.)
**Veritas religionis Lutheranae defensa [Defense of the Truth of the Lutheran Religion].* (Text in German).
**Von der ewigen gnadenwahl [On the Eternal Election of Grace].* 1892.

## Biographies and research on Chemnitz
**Antiqvitates Ecclestiaticae inclytae urbis Braunsvigae, oder: Der Beruhmten Stadt Braunschweig Kirchenhistorie.* by Philippo Julio Rehtmeyer. Braunschweig: Gedruckt Verlagt von Christoph Friedrich Zilligers, 1710.
**The Doctrine of Man in Classical Lutheran Theology* edited by Herman A. Preus and Edmund Smits.  Minneapolis:  Augsburg Publishing House, 1962.
**Formulators of the Formula of Concord.* by Theodore R. Jungkuntz. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1977.
**Grundlinien der Theolgie des Martin Chemnitz* by G. Noth, 1930.
**Loci Theologici; De Coena Domini; De Duabus Naturis in Christo; Theologiae Jesuitarum.* Chelsea, Michigan: Sheridan Books, 2000. [Facsimile reprint of a 1653 anthology of these four treatises of Chemnitz in Latin by the Lutheran Heritage Foundation].
**Martin Chemnitz nach seinem Leben und Wirken* by H. Hachfeld, 1867.
*"Martin Chemnitz' Views on Trent: The Genesis and the Genius of the Examen Concilii Tridentini" by Arthur C. Piepkorn, *Concordia Theological Monthly* XXXVII [37](January 1966):5–37.
**Die Polemik des Martin Chemnitz gegen das Konzil von Trent* by R. Mumm, Leipzig, 1905.
**The Second Martin: The Life and Theology of Martin Chemnitz.* by J. A. O. Preus. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1994.
*"The Works of Martin Chemnitz," by D. Georg Williams. *[[Concordia Theological Quarterly]].* Vol. 42, 1978.
**Der Zweite Martin der Lutherischen Kirche, Festschrift zum 400. Todestag von Martin Chemnitz {The Second Martin of the Lutheran Church, Jubilee Writing for the 400th [anniversary of the day of the death] of Martin Chemnitz}* edited by W.A. Jünke, Braunschweig, 1986.
* Studium Excitare: Biography of Martin Chemnitz by Joshua M. Zarling.

## 각주

## 외부 링크
* 

분류:1522년 출생
분류:1586년 사망
분류:독일의 기독교 신학자
분류:독일의 저술가
분류:독일의 점성술사
분류:독일의 루터교도
분류:루터교 성인 달력에 표시된 사람
분류:프로이센 출신
분류:쾨니히스베르크 대학교 동문
분류:비텐베르크 대학교 동문
분류:독일의 종교 개혁가
분류:16세기 독일 사람
분류:루터교 신학자