빌더 패턴

**빌더 패턴**()은 객체 지향 프로그래밍에서 복잡한 객체의 생성을 그 객체의 표현과 분리하는 디자인 패턴이다. 1994년 책 《디자인 패턴》이 정의한 23개의 패턴 중 하나로, 생성 패턴(creational pattern)의 일종이다. 빌더 패턴은 복잡한 객체의 생성과 조립을 별도의 빌더 객체로 캡슐화하고, 복잡한 객체를 직접 생성하는 대신 해당 빌더 객체에 원래 객체의 생성을 위임한다.

## 구조
700px

## 예

### 자바

```java
/** "Product" */
class Pizza {
	private String dough = "";
	private String sauce = "";
	private String topping = "";

	public void setDough(String dough) {
		this.dough = dough;
	}

	public void setSauce(String sauce) {
		this.sauce = sauce;
	}

	public void setTopping(String topping) {
		this.topping = topping;
	}
}

/** "Abstract Builder" */
abstract class PizzaBuilder {
	protected Pizza pizza;

	public Pizza getPizza() {
		return pizza;
	}

	public void createNewPizzaProduct() {
		pizza = new Pizza();
	}

	public abstract void buildDough();

	public abstract void buildSauce();

	public abstract void buildTopping();
}

/** "ConcreteBuilder" */
class HawaiianPizzaBuilder extends PizzaBuilder {
	public void buildDough() {
		pizza.setDough("cross");
	}

	public void buildSauce() {
		pizza.setSauce("mild");
	}

	public void buildTopping() {
		pizza.setTopping("ham+pineapple");
	}
}

/** "ConcreteBuilder" */
class SpicyPizzaBuilder extends PizzaBuilder {
	public void buildDough() {
		pizza.setDough("pan baked");
	}

	public void buildSauce() {
		pizza.setSauce("hot");
	}

	public void buildTopping() {
		pizza.setTopping("pepperoni+salami");
	}
}

/** "Director" */
class Cook {
	private PizzaBuilder pizzaBuilder;

	public void setPizzaBuilder(PizzaBuilder pizzaBuilder) {
		this.pizzaBuilder = pizzaBuilder;
	}

	public Pizza getPizza() {
		return pizzaBuilder.getPizza();
	}

	public void constructPizza() {
		pizzaBuilder.createNewPizzaProduct();
		pizzaBuilder.buildDough();
		pizzaBuilder.buildSauce();
		pizzaBuilder.buildTopping();
	}
}

/** A given type of pizza being constructed. */
public class BuilderExample {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Cook cook = new Cook();
		PizzaBuilder hawaiianPizzaBuilder = new HawaiianPizzaBuilder();
		PizzaBuilder spicyPizzaBuilder = new SpicyPizzaBuilder();

		cook.setPizzaBuilder(hawaiianPizzaBuilder);
		cook.constructPizza();

		Pizza pizza = cook.getPizza();
	}
}
```


### C#

```csharp
//Implementation in C#.
class Pizza
{
    string dough;
    string sauce;
    string topping;
    public Pizza() {}
    public void SetDough( string d){ dough = d;}
    public void SetSauce( string s){ sauce = s;}
    public void SetTopping( string t){ topping = t;}
}

//Abstract Builder
abstract class PizzaBuilder
{
    protected Pizza pizza;
    public PizzaBuilder(){}
    public Pizza GetPizza(){ return pizza; }
    public void CreateNewPizza() { pizza = new Pizza(); }

    public abstract void BuildDough();
    public abstract void BuildSauce();
    public abstract void BuildTopping();
}

//Concrete Builder
class HawaiianPizzaBuilder : PizzaBuilder
{
    public override void BuildDough()   { pizza.SetDough("cross"); }
    public override void BuildSauce()   { pizza.SetSauce("mild"); }
    public override void BuildTopping() { pizza.SetTopping("ham+pineapple"); }
}

//Concrete Builder
class SpicyPizzaBuilder : PizzaBuilder
{
    public override void BuildDough()   { pizza.SetDough("pan baked"); }
    public override void BuildSauce()   { pizza.SetSauce("hot"); }
    public override void BuildTopping() { pizza.SetTopping("pepparoni+salami"); }
}

/** "Director" */
class Waiter {
    private PizzaBuilder pizzaBuilder;

    public void SetPizzaBuilder (PizzaBuilder pb) { pizzaBuilder = pb; }
    public Pizza GetPizza() { return pizzaBuilder.GetPizza(); }

    public void ConstructPizza() {
        pizzaBuilder.CreateNewPizza();
        pizzaBuilder.BuildDough();
        pizzaBuilder.BuildSauce();
        pizzaBuilder.BuildTopping();
    }
}

/** A customer ordering a pizza. */
class BuilderExample
{
    public static void Main(string[] args) {
        Waiter waiter = new Waiter();
        PizzaBuilder hawaiianPizzaBuilder = new HawaiianPizzaBuilder();
        PizzaBuilder spicyPizzaBuilder = new SpicyPizzaBuilder();

        waiter.SetPizzaBuilder ( hawaiianPizzaBuilder );
        waiter.ConstructPizza();

        Pizza pizza = waiter.GetPizza();
    }
}
```


### C++

```cpp
// Implementation in C++.

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <string>

// Product
class Pizza
{
private:
    std::string dough;
    std::string sauce;
    std::string topping;

public:
    Pizza() { }
    ~Pizza() { }

    void SetDough(const std::string& d) { dough = d; };
    void SetSauce(const std::string& s) { sauce = s; };
    void SetTopping(const std::string& t) { topping = t; }

    void ShowPizza()
    {
        std::cout << " Yummy !!!" << std::endl
        << "Pizza with Dough as " << dough
        << ", Sauce as " << sauce
        << " and Topping as " << topping
        << " !!! " << std::endl;
    }
};

// Abstract Builder
class PizzaBuilder
{
protected:
    std::auto_ptr<Pizza> pizza;
public:
    PizzaBuilder() {}
    virtual ~PizzaBuilder() {}
    std::auto_ptr<Pizza> GetPizza() { return pizza; }

    void createNewPizzaProduct() { pizza.reset (new Pizza); }

    virtual void buildDough()=0;
    virtual void buildSauce()=0;
    virtual void buildTopping()=0;
};

// ConcreteBuilder
class HawaiianPizzaBuilder : public PizzaBuilder
{
public:
    HawaiianPizzaBuilder() : PizzaBuilder() {}
    ~HawaiianPizzaBuilder(){}

    void buildDough() { pizza->SetDough("cross"); }
    void buildSauce() { pizza->SetSauce("mild"); }
    void buildTopping() { pizza->SetTopping("ham and pineapple"); }
};

// ConcreteBuilder
class SpicyPizzaBuilder : public PizzaBuilder
{
public:
    SpicyPizzaBuilder() : PizzaBuilder() {}
    ~SpicyPizzaBuilder() {}

    void buildDough() { pizza->SetDough("pan baked"); }
    void buildSauce() { pizza->SetSauce("hot"); }
    void buildTopping() { pizza->SetTopping("pepperoni and salami"); }
};

// Director
class Waiter
{
private:
    PizzaBuilder* pizzaBuilder;
public:
    Waiter() : pizzaBuilder(NULL) {}
    ~Waiter() { }

    void SetPizzaBuilder(PizzaBuilder* b) { pizzaBuilder = b; }
    std::auto_ptr<Pizza> GetPizza() { return pizzaBuilder->GetPizza(); }
    void ConstructPizza()
    {
        pizzaBuilder->createNewPizzaProduct();
        pizzaBuilder->buildDough();
        pizzaBuilder->buildSauce();
        pizzaBuilder->buildTopping();
    }
};

// A customer ordering a pizza.
int main()
{
    Waiter waiter;

    HawaiianPizzaBuilder hawaiianPizzaBuilder;
    waiter.SetPizzaBuilder (&hawaiianPizzaBuilder);
    waiter.ConstructPizza();
    std::auto_ptr<Pizza> pizza = waiter.GetPizza();
    pizza->ShowPizza();

    SpicyPizzaBuilder spicyPizzaBuilder;
    waiter.SetPizzaBuilder(&spicyPizzaBuilder);
    waiter.ConstructPizza();
    pizza = waiter.GetPizza();
    pizza->ShowPizza();

    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
```


### [[비주얼 프롤로그]]
Product

 interface pizza
    predicates
       setDough : (string Dough).
       setSauce : (string Sauce).
       setTopping : (string Topping).
 end interface pizza

 class pizza : pizza
 end class pizza

 implement pizza
    facts
       dough : string := "".
       sauce : string := "".
       topping : string := "".
    clauses
       setDough(Dough) :- dough := Dough.
    clauses
       setSauce(Sauce) :- sauce := Sauce.
    clauses
       setTopping(Topping) :- topping := Topping.
 end implement pizza

Abstract Builder

 interface pizzaBuilder
    predicates
       getPizza : () -&gt; pizza Pizza.
       createNewPizzaProduct : ().
    predicates
       buildDough : ().
       buildSauce : ().
       buildTopping : ().
 end interface pizzaBuilder

Visual Prolog does not support abstract classes, but we can create a support class instead:

 interface pizzaBuilderSupport
    predicates from pizzaBuilder
       getPizza, createNewPizzaProduct
 end interface pizzaBuilderSupport

 class pizzaBuilderSupport : pizzaBuilderSupport
 end class pizzaBuilderSupport

 implement pizzaBuilderSupport
    facts
       pizza : pizza := erroneous.
    clauses
       getPizza() = pizza.
    clauses
       createNewPizzaProduct() :- pizza := pizza::new().
 end implement pizzaBuilderSupport

ConcreteBuilder #1

 class hawaiianPizzaBuilder :  pizzaBuilder
 end class hawaiianPizzaBuilder

 implement hawaiianPizzaBuilder
    inherits pizzaBuilderSupport

    clauses
       buildDough() :- getPizza():setDough("cross").
    clauses
       buildSauce() :- getPizza():setSauce("mild").
    clauses
       buildTopping() :- getPizza():setTopping("ham+pineapple").
 end implement hawaiianPizzaBuilder

ConcreteBuilder #2

 class spicyPizzaBuilder :  pizzaBuilder
 end class spicyPizzaBuilder

 implement spicyPizzaBuilder
    inherits pizzaBuilderSupport

    clauses
       buildDough() :- getPizza():setDough("pan baked").
    clauses
       buildSauce() :- getPizza():setSauce("hot").
    clauses
       buildTopping() :- getPizza():setTopping("pepperoni+salami").
 end implement spicyPizzaBuilder

Director

 interface waiter
    predicates
       setPizzaBuilder : (pizzaBuilder PizzaBuilder).
       getPizza : () -&gt; pizza Pizza.
    predicates
       constructPizza : ().
 end interface waiter

 class waiter : waiter
 end class waiter

 implement waiter
    facts
       pizzaBuilder : pizzaBuilder := erroneous.
    clauses
       setPizzaBuilder(PizzaBuilder) :- pizzaBuilder := PizzaBuilder.
    clauses
       getPizza() = pizzaBuilder:getPizza().
    clauses
       constructPizza() :- 
          pizzaBuilder:createNewPizzaProduct(),
          pizzaBuilder:buildDough(),
          pizzaBuilder:buildSauce(),
          pizzaBuilder:buildTopping().
 end implement waiter

A customer ordering a pizza.

 goal
    Hawaiian_pizzabuilder = hawaiianPizzaBuilder::new(),
    Waiter = waiter::new(),
    Waiter:setPizzaBuilder(Hawaiian_pizzabuilder),
    Waiter:constructPizza(),
    Pizza = Waiter:getPizza().

### 펄

```perl
## Product
package pizza;

sub new {
    return bless {
        dough => undef,
        sauce => undef,
        topping => undef
    }, shift;
}

sub set_dough {
    my( $self, $dough ) = @_;
    $self->{dough} = $dough;
}

sub set_sauce {
    my( $self, $sauce ) = @_;
    $self->{sauce} = $sauce;
}

sub set_topping {
    my( $self, $topping ) = @_;
    $self->{topping} = $topping;
}

1;

## Abstract builder
package pizza_builder;

sub new {
    return bless {
        pizza => undef
    }, shift;
}

sub get_pizza {
    my( $self ) = @_;
    return $self->{pizza};
}

sub create_new_pizza_product {
    my( $self ) = @_;
    $self->{pizza} = pizza->new;
}

# This is what an abstract method could look like in perl...

sub build_dough {
    croak("This method must be overridden.");
}

sub build_sauce {
    croak("This method must be overridden.");
}

sub build_topping {
    croak("This method must be overridden.");
}

1;

## Concrete builder
package hawaiian_pizza_builder;

use base qw{ pizza_builder };

sub build_dough {
    my( $self ) = @_;
    $self->{pizza}->set_dough("cross");
}

sub build_sauce {
    my( $self ) = @_;
    $self->{pizza}->set_sauce("mild");
}

sub build_topping {
    my( $self ) = @_;
    $self->{pizza}->set_topping("ham+pineapple");
}

1;

## Concrete builder
package spicy_pizza_builder;

use base qw{ pizza_builder };

sub build_dough {
    my( $self ) = @_;
    $self->{pizza}->set_dough("pan baked");
}

sub build_sauce {
    my( $self ) = @_;
    $self->{pizza}->set_sauce("hot");
}

sub build_topping {
    my( $self ) = @_;
    $self->{pizza}->set_topping("pepperoni+salami");
}

1;

## Director
package waiter;

sub new {
    return bless {
        pizza_builder => undef
    }, shift;
}

sub set_pizza_builder {
    my( $self, $builder ) = @_;
    $self->{pizza_builder} = $builder;
}

sub get_pizza {
    my( $self ) = @_;
    return $self->{pizza_builder}->get_pizza;
}

sub construct_pizza {
    my( $self ) = @_;
    $self->{pizza_builder}->create_new_pizza_product;
    $self->{pizza_builder}->build_dough;
    $self->{pizza_builder}->build_sauce;
    $self->{pizza_builder}->build_topping;
}

1;

## Lets order pizza (client of Director/Builder)
package main

my $waiter = waiter->new;
my $hawaiian_pb = hawaiian_pizza_builder->new;
my $spicy_pb = spicy_pizza_builder->new;

$waiter->set_pizza_builder( $hawaiian_pb );
$waiter->construct_pizza;

my $pizza = $waiter->get_pizza;

print "Serving a nice pizza with:\n";
for (keys %$pizza) {
    print "  $pizza->{$_} $_\n";
}

1;
```


### PHP

```php
/** Product **/
class Pizza{
  private $dough;
  private $sauce;
  private $topping;
  public function setDough($dough){
    $this->dough = $dough;
  }
  public function setSauce($sauce){
    $this->sauce = $sauce;
  }
  public function setTopping($topping){
    $this->topping = $topping;
  }
}

/** Abstract builder **/
abstract class PizzaBuilder{
  protected $pizza;
  public function __construct(){
    $this->pizza = new Pizza();
  }
  public function getPizza(){
    return $this->pizza;
  }
  abstract function buildDough();
  abstract function buildSauce();
  abstract function buildTopping();
}

/** Concrete builder **/
class SpicyPizza extends PizzaBuilder{
  public function buildDough(){
    $this->pizza->setDough('crispy');
  }
  public function buildSauce(){
    $this->pizza->setSauce('hot');
  }
  public function buildTopping(){
    $this->pizza->setTopping('pepperoni+salami');
  }
}

/** Director **/
class Chef{
  private $pizza_builder;
  public function setPizzaBuilder(PizzaBuilder $pizza_builder){
    $this->pizza_builder = $pizza_builder;
  }
  public function cookPizza(){
    $this->pizza_builder->buildDough();
    $this->pizza_builder->buildSauce();
    $this->pizza_builder->buildTopping();
  }
  public function getPizza(){
    return $this->pizza_builder->getPizza();
  }
}

//Customer orders a Pizza.
$chef = new Chef();

$order = new SpicyPizza();
$chef->setPizzaBuilder($order);
$chef->cookPizza();
$pizza = $chef->getPizza();

print_r($pizza);
```


## 각주

## 같이 보기
* 커링

분류:소프트웨어 디자인 패턴