ឈី ហ្គីវ៉ារ៉ា

**អ៊ែរ្ណិសស្តូ** "**ឆេ**" **ហ្គិវ៉ារ៉ា** (; ១៤ មិថុនា, ១៩២៨ – ៩ តុលា ១៩៦៧) គឺជាអ្នកបដិវត្តន៍ម៉ាក្សជាតិអាហ្សង់ទីន, ពេទ្យរូបសាស្រ្ត, អ្នកនិពន្ធ, មេបញ្ជាការទ័ពព្រៃ, អ្នកការទូត និងជាអ្នកទ្រឹស្តីខាងយោធាម្នាក់។ លោកគឺជាបុគ្គលដ៏សំខាន់ម្នាក់នៅក្នុងបដិវត្តគុយបា, ខ្សែភ្នែកនិងទឹកមុខរបស់លោកត្រូវបានក្លាយជានិមិត្តសញ្ញានៃការប៉ះបោរ ហើយក៏ជាសញ្ញាសំគាល់ដ៏សំខាន់មួយដែរនៅតាមវប្បធម៌ប្រជាប្រិយនៅលើពិភពលោក។

កាលដែលលោកនៅជានិស្សិតពេទ្យវ័យក្មេង, ហ្គិវ៉ារ៉ាបានធ្វើទស្សនកិច្ចទូទាំងទ្វីបអាមេរិកខាងត្បូងហើយបានមើលឃើញភាពវេទនា ភាពក្រីក្រ ការអត់ឃ្លាននិងអ្នកជំងឺដ៏សែនលំបាក់នៅតាមប្រទេសទាំងនោះ។ លោកបានមានបំណងចង់ជួយនិងលុបចោលនូវអ្វីៗដែលលោកបានឃើញហើយជឿថាទាំងអស់នោះបានកើតឡើងដោយសារការធ្វើអជីវកម្មមូលធននិយមនៅអាមេរិកឡាទីនដោយសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកហើយការចូលរួមរបស់លោកនៅក្នុងការធ្វើកំណែទម្រង់សង្គមនៅក្វាតេម៉ាឡាក្រោមការដឹកនាំរបស់លោកប្រធានាធិបតីចាកូបូ អារប៊ិនស៍, ដែលចុងក្រោយលោកត្រូវបានអាមេរិកនិងសេអ៊ីអាផ្តួលរលំទម្លាក់ចេញពីអំណាច, សកម្មភាពដោយអយុត្តិធម៌របស់អាមេរិកដែលធ្វើមកលើប្រទេសក្វាតេម៉ាឡាបានពង្រឹងមនោគមវិជ្ជានយោបាយរបស់ហ្គិវ៉ារា។ Guevara soon rose to prominence among the insurgents, was promoted to second-in-command, and played a pivotal role in the victorious two-year guerrilla campaign that deposed the Batista regime.

Following the Cuban Revolution, Guevara performed a number of key roles in the new government. These included reviewing the appeals and firing squads for those convicted as war criminals during the revolutionary tribunals, instituting agrarian land reform as minister of industries, helping spearhead a successful nationwide literacy campaign, serving as both national bank president and instructional director for Cuba’s armed forces, and traversing the globe as a diplomat on behalf of Cuban socialism. Such positions also allowed him to play a central role in training the militia forces who repelled the Bay of Pigs Invasion and bringing the Soviet nuclear-armed ballistic missiles to Cuba which precipitated the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis. Additionally, he was a prolific writer and diarist, composing a seminal manual on guerrilla warfare, along with a best-selling memoir about his youthful continental motorcycle journey. His experiences and studying of Marxism–Leninism led him to posit that the Third World's underdevelopment and dependence was an intrinsic result of imperialism, neocolonialism, and monopoly capitalism, with the only remedy being proletarian internationalism and world revolution. Guevara left Cuba in 1965 to foment revolution abroad, first unsuccessfully in Congo-Kinshasa and later in Bolivia, where he was captured by CIA-assisted Bolivian forces and summarily executed.

Guevara remains both a revered and reviled historical figure, polarized in the collective imagination in a multitude of biographies, memoirs, essays, documentaries, songs, and films. As a result of his perceived martyrdom, poetic invocations for class struggle, and desire to create the consciousness of a "new man" driven by moral rather than material incentives, he has evolved into a quintessential icon of various leftist-inspired movements. *Time* magazine named him one of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century, while an Alberto Korda photograph of him entitled *Guerrillero Heroico* (shown), was cited by the Maryland Institute College of Art as "the most famous photograph in the world".

## ឯកសារយោង
ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:ជនល្បីៗលើលោក