ថៃសម័យបុរេប្រវត្តិ

**ថៃបុរេប្រវត្តិ**ត្រូវសើរើត្រឡប់ទៅកាន់ ១០០០០០០ ឆ្នាំកន្លងទៅហើយរាប់ចាប់ពីបាសាណីភូត និង ប្រដាប់ប្រដាថ្ម ដែលបានរកឃើញនៅថៃភាគខាងជើង និងខាងលិច។ នៅឯស្ថានីយ៍បុរាណវិទ្យានៅលំបាង ថៃភាគខាងជើង បាសាណីភូត *ហូម៉ូអេរ៉ិចទូស* មនុស្សលំបាង ចុះកាលកំណត់ត្រឡប់ទៅ ១០០០០០០ - ៥០០០០០ ឆ្នាំ ត្រូវបានគេរកឃើញ។ ឧបករណ៍ថ្មជាច្រើនត្រូវបានគេរកឃើញយ៉ាងច្រើននៅ កញ្ចនបុរី ឧបល្បរាជធានី នគរឝ្រីធម្មរាជ និង លពបុរី។ គំនូរគុហាភ្នំសម័យបុរេប្រវត្តិមួយចំនួនក៏ត្រូវបានគេរកឃើញនៅតំបន់ទាំងនោះដែរ ដែលចុះកាលកំណត់មានអាយុកាល ១០០០០ឆ្នាំ។

## ២៥០០០០០ - ១០០០០ ឆ្នាំកន្លងទៅ: សម័យថ្មបំបែក 
### ដើមយុគថ្ម
យុគថ្មបំបែកក្រោម (ស្រទាប់ក្រោម)  គឺជាការបែងចែកតូចមួយមុនគេបង្អស់នៃយុគថ្មបំបែក រឺ យុគថ្មបុរាណ។The Lower Palaeolithic is the earliest subdivision of the Palaeolithic or Old Stone Age. វាអូសបន្លាយពេលចាប់ពីរង្វង់ ២,៥ លានឆ្នាំកន្លងទៅ នៅពេលដែលសិប្បកម្មនិងការប្រើប្រាស់ឧបករណ៍ថ្មដំបូងដោយពួកមនុស្សរូប (មហាពានរ) ដែលលេចឡើងក្នុងកំណត់ត្រាបុរាណវត្ថុវិទ្យា រហូតដល់រង្វង់ ១២០០០០ ឆ្នាំកន្លងទៅនៅពេលដែលមានការផ្លាស់ប្ដូរវិវត្តនិងបច្ចេកវិទ្យាសំខាន់ៗបានប្រើនៅក្នុងសម័យយុគថ្មបំបែកមជ្ឈិម។It spans the time from around 2.5 million years ago, when the first craft and use of stone tools by hominids appears in the archaeological record, until around 120,000 years ago when important evolutionary and technological changes ushered in the Middle Palaeolithic.

### ប្រភេទដំបូង
ពួកមនុស្សរូបដំបូងបង្អស់ ជាអូម៉ូ អេរ៉ិចទុស និងអាចទទួលស្គាល់ជាមនុស្ស លេចឡើងក្នុងកំណត់ត្រាបុរាណវិទ្យា រវាង ១០០០០០០ - ៥០០០០០ ឆ្នាំកន្លងមក។ The earliest hominids, known as Homo erectus and recognisable as human, appear in the archaeological record between 1,000,000-500,000 years ago. បានចែកប្រភេទក្នុងតំបន់ដោយបាសាណីភូត មនុស្សលំបាង។Locally typified by the fossil, Lampang Man.

ប្រហែល ១០០០០០០ ឆ្នាំកន្លងទៅ *អូម៉ូ អេរ៉ិចទុស* បានបំលាស់មកអាស៊ីតាំងពីអាភ្វ្រិកមក ដែលជាទីដែលគេមានដើមកំណើត។ About 1,000,000 years ago, *Homo erectus* moved to Asia from Africa, where it had originated. ការប្រើនិងគ្រប់គ្រងភ្លើងរបស់ពួកគេជាឧបករណ៍សំខាន់មួយក្នុងមធ្យោបាយចិញ្ចឹមពោះរបស់អ្នកប្រមាញ់-ប្រមូលផល។Its use and control of fire was an important tool in its hunter-gatherer means of subsistence. លលាដ៍ក្បាលរបស់ *អូម៉ូ អេរ៉ិចទុស* តូចជាង និង ក្រាស់ជាងពួកមនុស្សលោកសម័យទំនើប។''Homo erectus's * skull was smaller and thicker than that of modern human beings. គេបានរស់នៅក្នុងមាត់រូងភ្នំក្បែរស្ទឹងទន្លេ រឺ ទីកន្លែងដែលមានទឹកផ្សេងៗទៀត។It lived in the mouth of caves near streams or other water supplies. សត្រូវធម្មជាតិសំខាន់របស់គេនោះរួមមានស្វានយក្ស *ស្វានសេណេស៊ីស* ខ្លាចង្កូមកោប ស្វាក្រហម និង ខ្លាឃ្មុំពពាលយក្ស។Its main natural enemies included the giant hyena *Hyaena senesis*, the sabre-toothed tiger, the orang-utan, and the giant panda.

នៅឆ្នាំ១៩៩៩ សមស័ក្ដិ ព្រហ្មនកិតបានអះអាងបានរកឃើញបំណែកលលាដ៍នៃ *អូម៉ូ អេរ៉ិចទុស* នៅកោះគា លំបាង ទោះយ៉ាងណា ពួកអ្នកប្រាជ្ញភាគច្រើនមិនបានទទួលស្គាល់វត្ថុគំហើញទាំងនេះថាគួរឱ្យជឿបាន។In 1999, Somsak Pramankit claimed to have found skull fragments of *Homo erectus* in Ko Kha, Lampang, though most scholars do not recgonise these finds as credible. វាអាចយកទៅប្រៀបធៀបនឹងបាសាណីភូតលលាដ៍នៃមនុស្សសង្គីរ៉ាន២ បានរកឃើញនៅជ្វា (មនុស្សជ្វា) ដែលមានអាយុកាល ៤០០០០០ - ៨០០០០០ កន្លងមក ដូចគ្នានឹងមនុស្សប៉េកាំង។It was comparable to the skull fossils of Sangiran II Man found in Java, (Java man), which is 400,000 - 800,000 years old, as well as Peking Man. វត្ថុបុរាណថ្មចុះកាលបរិច្ឆេទ ៤០០០០ ឆ្នាំកន្លងទៅហើយ ដែលបានរកឃើញនៅជំរកក្រំថ្មថាំលង នៅមែហុងសាន។Stone artefacts dating to 40,000 years ago have been found at Tham Lod Rockshelter in Mae Hong Son.

### ទំនាក់ទំនងទៅនឹងមនុស្សថៃទំនើប
ពួកទៃយទំនើបមិនមែនកូនចៅនៃមនុស្សលំបាង។Modern Thais are not descendants of Lampang Man. Genetic research supports this assertion. Geneticists have proved that there was no inter-breeding between modern human immigrants to Southeast Asia and *Homo erectus*, affirming that the Thai descended from Africans in accordance with the Recent single-origin hypothesis.

## ១០០០០ - ៤០០០ ឆ្នាំកន្លងទៅ: សម័យថ្មរំលីង
### យុគថ្មថ្មី
The Neolithic or "New" Stone Age was a period in the development of human technology that is traditionally the last part of the Stone Age. The Neolithic era follows the terminal Holocene Epipalaeolithic periods, beginning with the rise of farming, which produced the "Neolithic Revolution" and ending when metal tools became widespread in the Copper Age (chalcolithic) or Bronze Age or developing directly into the Iron Age, depending on geographical region. At the Khao Toh Chong rockshelter in Krabi archaeologists have found evidence of a change in diet leading up to domestication due to changes in sea levels.

Recent archaeological excavations suggests that domesticated rice was introduced to central Thailand by immigrating rice farming societies about 4000 B.P.

### ការផ្សាំងសត្វ
Neolithic culture appeared in many parts of Thailand, Mae Hong Son, Kanchanaburi, Nakhon Ratchasima, Ubon Ratchathani about 9000 BCE. People pioneered wild cereal use, which then evolved into true farming. 
For peninsular Thailand evidence of rice agriculture exists from 2500 - 2200 B.P. However, the possibility of an early presence of rice agriculture in southern-peninsular Thailand has recently been discussed by scholars 

Early Neolithic farming was limited to a narrow range of crops, both wild and domesticated, which included betel, bean, pea, nut, pepper, cucumber and domesticated cattle and pigs. The establishment of permanently or seasonally inhabited settlements, and the use of pottery. 
In Southeast Asia, the independent domestication events led to their own regionally-distinctive Neolithic cultures which arose completely independent of those in other parts of the world.

### តំណាំងលំនៅសម័យថ្មរំលីងនៅប្រទេសថៃ
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* **Spirit Cave**
Spirit Cave () is an archaeological site in Pang Mapha District, Mae Hong Son Province, northwestern Thailand. It was occupied from 9000 to 5500 BCE by Hoabinhian hunter-gatherers from North Vietnam. The site is at an elevation of 650 m. above sea level on a hillside overlooking the Salween River.

* **Lang Kamnan Cave**
Lang Kamnan Cave is an archaeological site in Muang District, Kanchanaburi Province, and is on a limestone upland, facing northeast and 110 m above sea level. The cave is about 4&nbsp;km from the Khwae Noi River. By analysing the faunal remains in the cave, the cave is believed to be one of the many temporary camps of the seasonally mobile hunter-gatherers. It was occupied from Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene.

* **Wang Bhodi**
Wang Bhodi () is an archaeological site in Sai Yok District, Kanchanaburi Province, western Thailand. Dating from 4500 to 3000 BCE.   Since World War II, many stone tools have been found in the caves and along the rivers in this region.

* **Ban Chiang**

Ban Chiang () is an archaeological site in Nong Han District, Udon Thani Province. Dating of the artefacts using the thermoluminescence technique resulted in 4420-3400 BCE dates. The oldest graves found contain no bronze and are therefore from a Neolithic culture, the most recent ones are from the Iron Age.

* **Khok Phanom Di**
Khok Phanom Di is in southeast Thailand near the flood plain of the Bang Pakong River in Chonburi Province. This site was populated from 2000-1500 BCE. Seven mortuary phases were identified in the excavation, including 154 graves, yielding abundant archaeological remains, such as fish, crab, hearths, post holes, and the burials of adults and infants. By analysing the change in mortuary practices and the isotopes of strontium, carbon, and oxygen found within dental remains, archaeologists have examined the possibility of integration between an inland agriculture with the coastal hunter-gathers of Khok Phanom Di. The isotopic studies showed that in earlier phases, the female inhabitants in the site were immigrants from both inland and coastal areas, while males were raised locally. The localisation of the immigrants occurred during phase 4 and later, with rice growing increased in the same period.

## មើលផងដែរ
* ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រដើមដំបូងកម្ពុជា
* រដ្ឋដំបូងៗនៅថៃ
* Migration period of ancient Burma
* Peopling of Thailand
* អាស៊ីបុរេប្រវត្តិ

## ឯកសារយោង
9.Halcrow, S., Tayles, N., Inglis, R., Higham, C., Carver, M. (2012). Newborn twins from prehistoric mainland Southeast                  Asia: birth, death and personhood. *Antiquity'', 86 (333).

## External links 
* This Ancient Land of Dinosaurs, Siamoid, Siamese, and Thais ; English and Thai

ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់ក្រុម:ថៃ