open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
La̱ri̱we Tafaa̱byin

The **Underground Railroad** was an organized network of secret routes and safe houses used by freedom seekers to escape to the abolitionist Northern United States and Eastern Canada. Enslaved Africans and African Americans escaped from slavery as early as the 16th century and many of their escapes were unaided.
Inikpi Nggwona̱gwam

**Inikpi Nggwona̱gwam** was kuyet a̱khwup nggwona̱gwam a̱ si̱ tyok Tyok Igala, nang á̱ ku niat ma̱ng á̱ nsan tyok a̱keang a̱hwa da̱nian jhya hyaai ma̱ng a̱niet Igala Bini̱ mi̱ 1515-1516 di̱n jen nang Ata Ayegba Oma-idoko mbang tyok a̱ni. Ghwughwu nka hu ni̱n shyia̱ di̱ yong hu ma̱ a̱ca̱caat a̱bi ka ma̱ng ka̱shwuo Ega kpa̱mkpaan ma̱ A̱ghyui Nigern Idah, si̱tet Kogi Nigeria. Á̱niet Igala si̱ nwuat mman ba a̱lyoot a̱kya li̱lyim ka. 

Mi̱ ntsa centuri 16th wu, a̱niet a̱byin tyok Igala ku shyia̱ ma̱ zwang ma̱ng a̱byin tyok Bini ka. Zwang a̱ ja ku tyia̱ shyok a̱niet Igala ba, ma̱ng bibyin mba hu á̱ si̱ saai a̱wot a̱cicen ba meang a̱na̱nvan ba si̱ ntyia̱. A̱gwam wu si̱ cat hyia̱ kyang a̱bok, a̱ nggu gu cat vak san a̱byin tyok nggu ka. A̱bok wu si̱ nwuak shim nyia̱ ma̱ a̱wat ka nang a̱byia̱ ka nshyia̱ á̱ ka ya a̱byin tyok Bini a̱ni kya yet á̱ nwuak Inikpi Nggwona̱gwam za̱nang di̱ nvak niat ka a̱cet.² A̱gwam wu si̱ lyin kyang nyia̱ a̱ fa̱k  a̱lyia̱ ya da̱ nggu a̱ shyia̱ kyang nyia̱ bah. Inikpi nggwona̱gwam, si̱ fi̱k a̱ri̱bidi a̱ shyia̱ ma̱ a̱tyia̱ nka wu a̱ni, ka̱ si̱ lyip kyang hu bai gu a̱lyia̱ ya a̱ni. Nang ka̱ nfi̱k kyang a̱bok wu hyia̱ a̱ni, ka̱ si̱ shim ka̱ si̱ nwuak a̱pyia̱ nka.³  Á̱ si̱ niat Inikpi nggwona̱gwam ma̱ng swuan a̱beam a̱ghyui Naija, a̱wot á̱ si̱ nwuak a̱cucuk da̱ za̱nang nka ji̱ nyia̱ jija san a̱byin tyok Igala di̱ gbi̱ri̱m. Á̱niet nzwang Bini ba, si̱ nwuan a̱keang  ka mi̱ a̱lyirip ndong (ku si̱ tak nang a̱tan a̱sok Inikpi't Nggwona̱gwam kikya), ba̱ si̱ bwuok lilyim, a̱kwok a̱ ngyei á̱ wa kan tyak ma̱ng a̱keang.⁴ A̱fwun, a̱ ni njhyung Inikpi Nggwona̱gwam nang a̱gwazwang a̱ nwuak swuan gu da̱nian a̱niet nka a̱ni. Ghwughwu Inikpi Nggwona̱gwam hu nin yong di̱ a̱vwuo á̱ niat nka a̱ni mi̱ Idah, Si̱set Kogi, a̱wot gado nka hu si̱ ya a̱son ma̱ng a̱mabwoi si̱ nce cobai. 

Inikpi ku yet a̱nap tyityok a̱tyok wa mi̱ ghwughwu-a̱guguut a̱lyia̱ a̱lyia̱ 2020 *[[nkyang tyityok Inikpi|nkhyang tyityok Inikpi]]*, tyiet mbwak Frank Rajah Arase.

## Nkhang
A̱shot Tyok A̱keang Igala, swat nyinyang ma̱ng shyia̱ ka̱nka̱ra̱ng kuyet a̱tsaai sangba̱p nyia̱ ma̱ng jen a̱ja mbwak tyok Bini. Da̱nian á̱ ka fwuun a̱shwuom jhya ka choba̱i a̱ni a̱wot á̱ nwuak tyok hu a̱ya, Inikpi Nggwona̱gwam ka yet ngwon a̱nab A̱gwam ma ta̱k kya si̱ yet zonseap za̱nang na̱ng a̱bok wu khyia̱i a̱ni. Inikpi Nggwona̱gwam nwuak a̱pyia̱ nka ka yet za̱nang ku nang A̱gwam Ayegba wu nkwan a̱ nyap hu a̱ni.

## Ya̱fang
Teang mat khwo

**Team ma̱t khwo**  wa yet lak kurum, kan byan sheri̱ya, lap-a̱nu á̱niet ma̱ng a̱tan vak a̱ na vwuong á̱ mbwuot ma̱ khwo a̱ni. Bwoi a̱bun a̱khwo si̱ ngyet khwo tashikum ku khwo ku naat a̱ mbwut mi̱ ndyia̱ 21st nyia̱ a̱ ni. A̱tan a̱ghyang da̱nian khwo njhyang na swak a̱ni ma̱ mam ndyia̱ 18th.

## Muna̱pyia
Mundundung a̱tung swanta mat Teang Khwo 60/147 kuyet fak jhya nyiap kurum hwa da̱nian teang titeang mat khwo mun ma̱ bwuot dyo ma̱ng fak kunak.

## Vwuon
*Teang mat khwo* kyiak nfa ma di̱di̱t, mun mai a̱ghyi ma̱ ghyi nang ta̱ngkai a̱yin a̱nyin  a̱ni kurum teang;teanga̱lahyia̱; fangdi̱mi̱nwaiteang ma̱ng zákwa nfang jhyang; yet a̱tan zágwa á̱ ka jhya lakli a̱gyang; ku a̱byin-swat ka tei tak tyok mundundung a̱ni. Ta̱ngkai vwuon seang njhyang mun kwokntong ma̱ng tak a̱gwai da̱nien wai teanga̱lahyia̱ ka; ma̱nang á̱ ku nturung nkyang jhyung na̱ ma̱ng tei lilyoot nvak fai ku nwuak á̱khwo ba dyep ma̱ng a̱tyu a̱ cok khwo hu a̱ni; ku tin a̱lyoot nok li̱lyim a̱khwu a̱gyang ku a̱gyanga̱niet a̱ byia̱ vak mun ma̱ng a̱tyu a̱ na lyang a̱ni. Beang ya A̱son á̱ mun ndung á̱ si̱ fang da̱nian a̱tan bah. A̱lyiat a̱ka̱kurum njhyang á̱ na fang a̱wot á̱ shyia̱ kyang bah, a̱wot si̱ nat ma̱ a̱nak ka ma̱nang teang da̱nian a̱ka̱wat a̱khwo ba bai a̱cecet ma̱ng a̱tyu a̱byin ma̱ a̱byin byin ang ka̱fin a̱khwo ma̱ng "bai ma̱ a̱tyiak da̱nian kwai a̱fwuo a̱niet māng vak nkyangyak".

## Ya̱fang

## Kyang A̱tuasa
* *[https://policy.m4bl.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Reparations-Now-Toolkit-FINAL.pdf Reparations Now Toolkit] *, Movement for Black Lives, 2019.
* *[http://www.c-span.org/person/?richardamerica The Case for Black Reparations]*, Richard F. America, C-SPAN video of the TransAfrica Forum, 11 January 2000.
* *[https://www.npr.org/programs/specials/racism/010827.reparations.html Making Amends: Debate Continues Over Reparations for U.S. Slavery]*, National Public Radio, August 27, 2001.
*Reparations and Climate Justice (w/ Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò), part of the Teach the Black Freedom Struggle online series.
* Caribbean Reparations Commission
Cám Jim Crow

Doka̱ki **Cám jim crow** ji kuyet si̱ si̱set ma̱ng doka̱ki mali ja á̱ ku hyia̱ mi̱ á̱si̱set a̱muna̱pyia a̱tak mi̱ lat ndyia̱ 19th ma̱ng kpankpaan centuri̱ 20th ku tyia̱ khwo naai a̱lyiam seang, "Jim Crow" kuyet a̱tyu yong ka̱kang jen da̱nian a̱tyu A̱fi̱rika A̱meri̱ka. Doka ngyaan si̱ Jim Crow kuyet ka̱kap a̱nwuat nswak mi̱ 1965.
A̱fun ma̱ng A̱tson livwuon kwanvam gyaii a̱pyia̱ wu shyia̱ di̱ yong a̱hwa mi̱ a̱ka̱vwuo a̱ghyang ma̱ a̱keangtung A̱merika ma̱nang a̱nia̱ a̱ni, ko nang a̱kpa a̱si̱tet a̱gyang a̱tausa a̱tyin ka nfi̱n swat na̱van mi̱ a̱kpa nswat ma̱ng nkhyai. Cam A̱tyin kuyet ji nyaap hwa mbwak a̱shong-ci̱t si̱tet a̱nietswat a̱vwuo (A̱nieta̱tan) á̱ nwuak ba a̱lahyia̱ mba ka ma̱ng a̱tyin siyasa mǡ̱ng kau khwo nzwa nang á̱ kpaat da̱nian A̱fi̱rika A̱merika di̱n jen á̱ nshyai nok gba̱ngba̱ng a̱n.. A̱nia wa ku ngya a̱son ma̱ na̱van livwuon kwavam ma̱nang a̱fun a̱shong-Lily meang ku byia̱ a̱gugut li̱n a̱ma.. . .  Mi̱ si̱tet jhyang, ku nin kyiak a̱ka̱lyia̱ ma̱di̱di̱t á̱ si̱n nyia̱ tankai kyang huni, a̱wot á̱ Warren kam ba ba̱ si̱ ya a̱son ma̱ng nyia̱ tyok tazwa a̱pyia̱ Jim Crow a̱tung kwok sot di̱ a̱ka̱wat a̱gyang ma̱nang tankai *[[Swuan A̱ti̱lanti Motel, Inc. v. a̱keang mundung A̱merika]]* (1964).

## A̱ni̱nan
Ba ku tsa lyen nyia̱ ta̱m ma̱ng swanga̱lyian ji "Cam Hakaka Jim" á̱ si̱ mi̱n ntyia̱ mam zwat na ndyia̱ 1884 mi̱ lyuut a̱niet shei nkhyang ra̱dio a̱ti̱kut tang a̱lyiat na ma̱ a̱ka̱sa ntyok yaan fwuong..  Kyang hu tsa a̱ghwut mi̱ ndyia̱ 1892 a̱wot mi̱ a̱lyoot a̱ si̱ A̱fai York mi jen lyuut a̱ti̱kut Times da̱pyia̱ Louisiana nyia̱ si̱ á̱ khyap nggu vak a̱taintuut a̱yaamoto.[15][16] Á̱ si̱ ba ba̱ yet byin a̱byin swanga̱lyiat "Jim hadadaru" kan ngyet ma̱ng jen jhyang a̱tyu a̱tam a̱ da̱ nggu da̱nian "fi̱p Jim hadadaru", a̱ bwuom-ma̱ng-song karikatswo si̱ a̱dyundyung a̱niet nyia̱ maat hu mbwak a̱shong a̱tyujhya̱t a̱lyiat Thomas D. Chia̱ga̱vang mi̱ a̱ghyia̱dyundung a̱niet ba, mast tsa wu mi̱ ndyia̱ 1828. Da̱nian ma̱ a̱ghyi chia̱ga̱vang da̱ di̱ a̱hwa, Jim hadaru si̱ ntyia̱ ki̱n ntat  mi ndyia̱ 1838 a̱lyiat na  kau a̱wun na fa "Negro". Neet ma̱nang a̱niet nswat a̱tyin nswak cam livwoun kwavam a̱pyia̱ A̱fi̱rika A̱merika ma̱ ngaan ndyia̱ 19th, cam wu ni si̱ kai a̱fwufwuo nang á̱ hu ma̱nang camJim Crow.

## Ya̱fang
A̱guguut mat Swuan A̱dyundyung Á̱niet

A̱guguut ma̱t swuan a̱dyundyung a̱niet (M4BL) yet muna̱pyia̱ sot ja ji shi swak a̱kpa 50 ji yong di̱dang a̱keang a̱dyundyung a̱niet a̱niet kai a̱si̱tet A̱merika. A̱memba mun ma̱ swuán a̱dyundyung lan ngwat, a̱gba̱ndang a̱tung a̱niet cam a̱keang muna̱pyia̱ a̱dyundyung ba, ma̱ng gaat swai a̱kongkong Ella da̱nian cet yong khwo a̱nietbi̱shi. Ba shyim da̱ susot nang li a̱shyai, cung si̱ hya̱at, gaat a̱chyet Brooklyn, cucuk-a̱fwop, a̱nyuuk Mi̱lion shai lyem a̱byin, ma̱ng DC a̱nyiung, ma̱ng mun-pi̱pyia̱ saai á̱lyiat ma̱ng mumwang beang ma̱ kugi̱ya nang á̱ ngyei A̱dyundyunga̱ka̱man.

Ma̱ a̱tuk 24 Zwat Anatat, A̱lyia̱ 2015 a̱guguut wu ku yan tsa tung ma̱ Nwunivasi̱ti Si̱tet Cleveland dang huhwa tsi̱tsak 1,500 ma̱ng 2,000 a̱guguut ca̱t a̱ka̱wat tung a̱gyang á̱ mun nyia̱-ta̱m mi̱ a̱gáng nkhyang ma̱ng vwuot-a̱ka̱yaat. A̱ myim ka á̱ ku byia̱ a̱guguut á̱ "ghwut ma̱ng nvak da̱nian A̱guguut swuan A̱dyundyung Á̱niet á̱ ba̱ng cam tyei khwo nang á̱ shyiat a̱ni da̱nian a̱ti̱tat a̱ka̱chyet mba na ma̱ a̱gba̱ndanga̱tung swan-nta wu".

## Ya̱fang
Tyeizat Hayiti

**Tyeizat Hayiti hu** (Haitian Creole: *Lagè d Lendependans*; French: *Révolution haïtienne* [ʁevɔlysjɔ̃ a.isjɛn] or *Guerre de l'indépendance*) Kuyet vwout nvwout fwuo nyia̱ nsi̱ ya-a̱nwyuan mbwak a̱nyiat tsaai jhya ba nwak a̱pyia̱ mba a̱khwo Afi̱rika da̱nian lak tyok ci̱t si̱ Fi̱ransa (a̱byin) mi̱ Saint-Domingue, ma̱nini a̱tyu tyok Hayiti.
A̱sai tyok cit wu: 25,000 a̱niet kukhwi 
. Bwuan bwuak a̱di̱dam wu wa ku yet mi̱ kyang á̱ ku lyen di̱  A̱khwo vwuot ndyen mi̱ nkhyang a̱tyubishyi na tyia̱ tat á̱ si̱ shyia̱ si̱tet zang hu hwa ku tyia̱ kap konyan si̱ shyia̱ sa̱t mbwak khwo (á̱ dam nyia̱ di̱ mbwak  khwo a̱khwot a̱khwop)hwa bah a̱wot cong ma̱ng tyok hu mbwak a̱tyu di̱n a̱ yet a̱shong a̱ni bah ma̱ng  a̱tyu cok a̱ kan swak a̱ni .

Vwuot a̱yaat ka tsa ma̱ a̱tuk  22 Zwat a̱nīnai ndyia̱ 1791, a̱wot ku si̱ tyak mi̱ mdyia̱ 1804 dundung  ma̱ng tyok cit swaak  shyia̱ tyok a̱byin. It involved black, biracial, French, Spanish, British, and Polish participants—with the ex-slave Toussaint Louverture emerging as Haiti's most prominent general. The successful revolution was a defining moment in the history of the Atlantic World and the revolution's effects on the institution of slavery were felt throughout the Americas. The end of French rule and the abolition of slavery in the former colony was followed by a successful defense of the freedoms the former slaves had won, and with the collaboration of already free people of color, of their independence from white Europeans.

The revolution was the largest slave uprising since Spartacus' unsuccessful revolt against the Roman Republic nearly 1,900 years earlier, and challenged long-held European beliefs about alleged black inferiority and about slaves' ability to achieve and maintain their own freedom. The rebels' organizational capacity and tenacity under pressure inspired stories that shocked and frightened slave owners in the hemisphere.

Compared to other Atlantic revolutions, the events in Haiti have received comparatively little public attention in retrospect: historian Michel-Rolph Trouillot characterizes the historiography of the Haitian Revolution as being "silenced" by that of the French Revolution.

## Ya̱fang
Ta̱m 1619 hu

**Ta̱m 1619** yet a̱junjungg nkha̱ang A̱niet lyuut nkha̱ang swanta nia na̱ng Á̱ myirim di̱n vak taada li a̱zanson da̱ a̱cecet A̱niet a̱ghyiang mbeang Á̱gwam mbeang song ma̱byin A̱merika, a̱wot mbeang a̱tsotswaat A̱niet cat tyok a̱byin Amerika dundung ma̱ng nggu Abraham Lincoln mbeang á̱sorong di̱ njen zwang ji wa tung, A̱niet lyuut mi̱ New York Times, mbeang A̱niet lyuut magazi̱n New York Times. kyang Ba̱ ntyia̱ fwuo hu a̱ni huhwa yet ba̱ng A̱niet mami khuo mbeang Nikole Hannah-Jones nggu a̱tyu Amerika wu.A̱tsan shei ta̱m kani ku neet mi̱ng New York Times Magazine wa mi̱n zwa a̱ni̱nai 2019 ja. Nhu ta̱m huni si̱ myirim kyang nang Á̱shong ba ngyei educational curriculum a̱ni, mi̱ng li̱n a̱ma Pulitzer Center hu, a̱wot a̱ sii ba̱ shyia̱ teak kpa̱sai atikut hu..

## Ya̱fang
Tungmbwak A̱dyundyung A̱kunkwa mat Teang mi̱ A̱merika

| founders = Imari Obadele and Chokwe Lumumba
| leader_title = National Co-Chair
| leader_name = Kamm Howard

| location_country = U.S.
| website = 
**Tungmbwak A̱dyundyung a̱kunkwa mat Teang mi̱ Ameri̱ka** (**N'COBRA**) ba̱ yet sot beang ba̱ nwuat a̱di̱dam a̱ si̱ si̱sa shyia̱t vak shyia̱ kurum da̱nian zuri̱ya á̱khwo ba kan swak a̱ni mi̱ si̱set A̱merika..

## Nkhyang
Tungmbwak A̱dyundyung A̱kunkwa mat Teang mi̱ A̱merika á̱ ku shyia̱ nhu a̱tuk  26 Zwat A̱kubunyiung, ndyia̱ 1987, da̱nian á̱ ka nseang nkhyang a̱wot á̱ bu mbeang a̱junjung-a̱ka̱ya shyiat Teang Kurum mat Khwo mi̱ Muná̱pyia̱ Sí̱tet A̱merika . A̱tyu shyia̱ N’COBRA si̱sak Imari Obadele ma̱ng Chokwe Lumumba; á̱gyang ba̱ mi̱n a̱ shyiat a̱ni mun ma̱  A̱tung Swanta Á̱nietfaka̱lyiat Ǡdyundyung nkwa, Sot á̱niet A̱fi̱rika a̱fai Afrikan, ma̱ng Repubi̱lik a̱fai si̱ A̱fi̱rika.

Mi̱ ndyia̱ 1994, N'COBRA á̱ ku ba̱ng a̱tungswanta tung a̱memba mi̱ Deti̱rot. A̱tyunyiung ma̱ á̱niet a̱lyiat ba ku yet A̱gwam A̱byii̱k, a̱tyu a ku shyia̱ Repubi̱lik A̱fai A̱fi̱rika a̱ni.

## Ya̱fang

## Kyang a̱tausa
* 
* N'COBRA legacy site
A̱sorong Di̱ndi̱ng Muna̱pyia̱ Bibyin Swanta mat Á̱ka̱mbwon Afi̱rika

**A̱sorong Di̱ndi̱ng muna̱pyia̱ Bibyin Swanta mat A̱ka̱mbwon A̱fi̱rika**  yet a̱sorong a̱ghyang kya a̱ si̱ muna̱pyia̱ bibyin swanta a̱ si̱ nang fa nka hu yet nwak muna̱pyia̱ da̱ si̱yasa, kunak kurum, ma̱ng swat ca̱t a̱nietbi̱shi zuri̱ya-Afro..

Á̱bku bai ma̱ng a̱nhu di̱n jen a̱di̱dai fang a̱byin A̱tung mundundung UN ma̱ a̱tuk 2 Zwat A̱na̱nai,  a̱lyia̱ 2021, di̱n vak cyii̱p kyang 75/3141 ma̱ ca̱t kyang mbwak byeak A̱kwak a̱son A̱byin   Costa Rica, Epsy Campbell Barr, ma̱nang a̱tyuyong jang a̱niet A̱fi̱rika nang a̱chwuok ma̱ng a̱gyang ba nyia̱ lwui ma̱ng lap a̱niet ntyia̱ a̱sa̱khwot ma̱ a̱tsi̱ntseang ma̱nang sot mban yong ka̱nka̱ra̱ng ma̱ng a̱ja̱jeet nswuan ma̱ng nkyang ca̱t di̱ shyia̱ a̱cecet a̱niet A̱fi̱rika a̱chwuok a̱ni  , di̱ cucuk di̱ si̱sak á̱ cong ma̱ a̱cucuk a̱di̱dam vam da̱vwuo A̱tung A̱ka̱wat Á̱nietbishyi, mi̱ lang ma̱ng a̱ka̱tung á̱ sak á̱ na nyia̱ a̱ni da̱nian bat nkyang a̱lyia̱ nswaktat muna̱pyia̱ swanta a̱niet A̱fi̱rika chwuok  a̱wot mi̱ kpa̱nkpaan  jhya swat da̱ nvak ma̱nang á̱ byia̱ a̱ni".. . 

## Ya̱fang

## Nkyang A̱tausa
Ta̱m Komisha̱n mat Á̱niet Afi̱rika A̱merika

Nwuak a̱pyia̱ a̱ nyia̱ fang hwa a̱wot doot ma̱ a̱ka̱tyiak njhyá da̱nian nta̱m  A̱fi̱rika-A̱merika, ku yet ta̱m ma̱jelisa hwa mi̱ A̱merika ma̱nang á̱ ku tyai mi̱ ndyia̱ 1989 mbwak. John Conyers Fa ta̱m hu á̱ doot ma̱ng sot ba zwop a̱cucuk tyai-a̱pyia̱ a̱tan da̱ Afi̱rika A̱merika da̱nian ǡ̱khwo MS. A̱liak a̱niet ba yong mba di̱n ta̱m hi a̱ni ku yet Rep bya. Ayanna Pressley, a̱tuk 3, ma̱ zwat jhyung 2025, si̱ tat Ma̱jeli̱sa 119th.  Kurum hu ku shyia̱ li̱lyim Sheila Jackson Lee meang ku lyip kwap mi̱ zwat jhyung 2023 a̱zaghyi a̱khwu gu ka mi̱ 2024. 

## Nkhyang
Conyers ku tak tyia̱ hu mi̱ ndyia̱ 1989, a̱wot a̱ si̱ tyak ka̱nka̱ra̱ng ma̱ tyia̱i hu mi̱ kuzang a̱tung kwainfwuo si̱ tat jen yok tam gu shimtat a̱lyia̱ 30 kya ki a̱zason.

A̱tukmamtat Zwat A̱taa a̱lyia̱ 2019 a̱ si̱ li a̱di̱dai a̱tung a̱nietnyan shi̱ri̱ya ma̱ a̱tung kwainfwuo, si̱ yet a̱kwak a̱son ma̱ ta̱nkai nkyang a̱ wa, mi̱ kyang ma̱nang à̱ ku li nang nkhang nia á̱ ni, á̱ ku nnwuak a̱ta̱n bwoi nkhang ka mi̱ gaat a̱tung a̱kya ku ya mi̱ a̱lyia̱ 2007, "a̱lyia̱ a̱nyiung a̱zason kyia̱i A̱kwaka̱sona̱byin ntsa a̱ yet a̱dundyung a̱yin".

Rep. Conyers khwu mi a̱lyia̱ 2019, ma̱nang gu kan kyiak vak beang a̱guguut konyan ma̱ng kuzang jen a̱niet kwai nfwuo a̱niet kyiak ndyia̱  1989 si bai a̱lyia̱ 2017. Memba "40" á̱ ku kyiak nang a̱tyu a "kwok a̱li̱kauli di̱ min nwai tyak a̱ni" A̱merika ba "ku tyia̱ fa̱k shok á̱khwo: nyia̱ li̱lyim Zwang a̱sai nbung ba, ba̱ na shyia̱ a̱cret nswak naii ma̱ng a̱lakumi".

Kori Booka ku cong ma̱ng lwui ma̱ kpandang hwa mi̱ a̱tung a̱yaadum. A̱kwokwak a̱tyu lyentaka̱cyet konyan ma a̱tyua̱lyiat Demokiratik Nancy Pelosi tak beang da̱nian H.R. 40. Ma̱di̱di̱t ma 2020 Demoki̱rati̱k A̱niet ca̱t Tyok A̱kwak a̱son A̱byin tak beang nang ba na nyia̱ a̱ni.

Mi̱ zwat Nyaai 2021, a̱di̱dam wu si̱ tat ba̱nsot a̱tung comuti ka a̱ghyi si̱ a̱hwa hwa ku yet a̱tsa kyang nang su a̱hwa a̱ni mi̱ mami nkhyang mba, naat ma̱ dyidyiat a̱li ka da̱nian a̱tyingtying ma̱ng koot tswak.

## Ya̱fang
Ta̱m A̱ka̱wat Á̱nietbishyi a̱lyia̱ 1964

Cicik A̱niet nang a̱ ngyei **Civil Rights Act of 1964** (Pub. L. 88–352, 78 Stat. 241 ji a̱ni, a̱ ku kpaat nji  a̱tuk 2 zwat a̱natat, 1964) a̱ni yet ba̱ng fwuo cicik A̱niet ma̱ng cicik khuo ma̱ A̱byin Tung A̱pyia A̱merika ku lan cet cat a̱pyia̱ based on a̱chyet, vwuon, khwi, byin, ma̱ng swst mbyin swanta. ku nfi̱n ca̱t kyang ku shtia̱ ca̱caat a̱ni bah si̱ koot tsok a̱ka̱ca̱t tei lilyoot, bvwuon li kwavam mi̱ a̱ malifang ma̱ng a̱gáng á̱ka̱vwuo kwuat,ma̱ng shei cucuk kwok nta̱m. Ta̱m hu "bwat nyiung ku nswak ma̱ng a̱gba̱ndang a̱tan ya a̱son susot mi̱ nkyang A̱merika".   

## Ya̱fang
Teang Ti̱teang mat Khwo (nyian-ca̱caat a̱shai)

**Teang Ti̱teang mat khwo** hu á̱ swa kyang ku fa a̱ni li ma̱nang a̱lyeam kya á̱ mat di̱ tok ku swuom.  A̱tsak kaat a̱lyeam da̱nian fa teang ti̱teang mat nkhwo ki̱n nshai da̱ka̱nyiung ku swak ndyia̱ swaak. Ma̱ kpa̱nkpaan mi̱ ndyia̱ 1900, teang ti̱teang mat khwo ku yet shaishishai muna̱pyia̱ swanta hwa (nwuan zwang teang ti̱teang mat khwo) na ku yet nvak a̱ka̱kpat da̱ vwuon si̱sak ji a̱tyukwan ang ma̱ng teang mbwak a̱gaat ba̱tyan jhya ka, ms̱nang ta̱ngkai zwang swanta nku tan teang ti̱teang mat khwo mbwak Jemini bya ma̱ng a̱kpa̱ndang ta̱m mba ba. A̱ ma̱ fi̱k teang ti̱teang mat khwo ma̱nang zwang gbi̱ri̱ng ja ma̱nyin ji ba a̱wot kap ma̱ a̱ghwughwui nyia̱ ma̱ng mmak jhyang á̱ gwut dyo da̱nian a̱tyu bwuo a̱bun a̱niet fwuong a̱bung ta̱m nang mundundung ba nyiap zang mba ji a̱ni.
 

a̱tyu a̱dat a̱ bwuo fa̱t da̱nian teang ti̱teang mat khwo ma̱ng ta̱m sot ma̱nang á̱ ta̱bat ji mȧ̱ a̱bun a̱wa a̱ni na gyuut ma̱ mba a̱wot muna̱pyia̱ ba ba̱ cok mba.

## Li hu
Cam hu ku khai jhya hu ku shyia̱ nkyang nfeang: a̱wat a̱tyu á̱ fwuat á̱ si̱ bwuo nggu swuom ku shyia̱ jhya, a̱wot a̱tyu gu byia̱ a̱bun wu da̱nian gun ji gu san jhya. A̱ si̱ ma̱ng nca̱t jhya di̱n vak a̱niet ma̱ nva̱k cucuk sheri̱ya, ku na si̱ mi̱n ngyet nfa ma̱nang á̱ ghwut dyo da̱vwuo si̱tet á̱ jhyi a̱di̱dam kyang á̱ fa a̱ni ku ca̱t a̱niet ba shi a̱kpai a̱ni.. .  

## A̱nyan wa kpaat Teang Ti̱teang
Cam mundundung swanta fwun da a̱wat kan ka ku yet a̱tsatsak ma̱ng ta̱m ghwut ma̱ teang si̱ mi̱n bai ma̱ng kurum mi̱ a̱ka̱wat kyai a̱nietbishyi ma̱ng kwakukwa fa ma̱ng a̱pyia̱ ma̱ng a̱ka̱tung khwi, mun ma̱ng:

# – A̱ti̱kut 8
# – A̱ti̱kut 2
# – A̱ti̱kut 6
# – A̱ti̱kut 14
# – A̱ti̱kut 39
# – A̱ti̱kut 3
# – A̱ti̱kut 91
# – A̱ti̱kut 79 and 75

## Ntyan teang ti̱teang a̱ka̱tung
**Canada** – Li swak ndyia̱ 100, Canada si̱ bu byin maat turung a̱niet nswata̱byin mmancanada ma̱ a̱ka̱sa mba na a̱wot ba si̱ tei mba mi̱ malikhwi-cung [A̱ka̱safang myian [Ndi̱ya (IRS). Tankai nyia̱ hu ni kuyet kap tyia̱ fwuo jhya swat a̱nietnswat Canada bya, a̱wot mun ma̱ fi̱n a̱chwuang li̱lyem nta ma̱ng maat taada. Mi̱ ndyia̱ 1991, A̱gwomna̱ti Canada ba si̱ nok Tyok Komitii da̱nian a̱cucuk á̱niet (RCAP), ba si̱ zop tsa ndi̱ri̱m di̱ kpandang tsa̱tsak a̱cucuk á̱niet, a̱gwomna̱ti ba, ma̱ng a̱keang ka. . .. .  .
.
.

## Ya̱fang
A̱tung Swanta mat Zwang Resi̱zi̱m

**A̱tung Swanta mat Zwang Resi̱zi̱m** Ka kwa̠n ma̠ng gha̠i á̠net Ma̠ng Jhuai a̠niet a̠ni yet nvak nia̠ madi̠ddi̠t si̠ ta̠m a̠kakeang swanta na̠ng UNESCO tyei a̠zason a̠ni na yong na̠ Kwa̠n ma̠ng a̠yaa̠ a̠didam Ma̠ng tanka̠i á̠ciyet a̠niet a̠ni. a kan a̠nia a̠ka̠tung a̠fwuon di̠ yon huni dii li̠lyia̠ hu hwa̠ hu a̠ni; 1978, 1983, 2001, 2009, 2021. A̠ ku tsa a̠katung na neet di̠n Nna̠an zwang swanta(II) aka feang ani awot holukus sii kap hwa hu yon apia hu ani sii mun Apia bibyin swanta, UNESCO si tsa ma Di Jen nang an kpaat Hu Ku nyia cat lyen tazwa nwap mamg sosot anet din vak akyang tam aswon ani Hu Ka fuuk pipia na Hu Di kyang na naat abwoot ani da vuo anet. tam nyun na BA Ku tsa nya Hu hwa yet lip tazwa ghaai sosot ani da lia 1950 tam Hu Ku tia bwuak cecet anet fang nang alyen bat ani.    Muna̱pyia̱ Yurop meang ku mi̱n a̱ lak saai a̱lyiat mbwak si̱tet A̱rab ba ba̱ ka tsaai Israel da̱nian "gyuap vwuon kwa nvam mmaat."

## Ya̱fang
Abraham Lincoln

**Ibraham Li̱nkon** Kyak neet (Zwat Jhyung a̱tuk 12, 1809 – A̱tuk 15 Zwat Nyaai, 1865) ngu wa ku yet  A̱kwaks̱on A̱byin A̱merika 16th, a̱ si̱ ba̱ng tyok neet ndyia̱  1861 ba tat jen ma̱nang gu his assassination mi̱ 1865 .

## Ya̱fang
Sot Bwoi Nta̱m Muna̱pyia̱ Bibyin Swanta si̱ A̱yaagwak Nkhang Á̱ka̱mbwon Afi̱rika

Afi̱rika ,mat ta̱gham kpang-yak mat sot cat ntyok *Populist* . Mi̱ tswat swak a̱lyia̱ 2017, Sot Bwoi Nta̱m Muna̱pyia̱ Bibyin Swanta si̱ A̱yaagwak Nkhang Á̱ka̱mbwon Afi̱rika . . . . .
Sot Muna̱pyia̱
Ta̱m A̱ka̱wat Koot Tswak a̱lyia̱ 1965

Ta̱m a̱ka̱wat koot tswok a̱lyiat si̱ 1965 yet kak a̱byin MS. mundundung doka ji nfi̱n a̱guguut a̱ na tak vwuon lyen a̱gyang mi̱ koot tswok a̱ ja bah. Á̱kwak a̱son a̱byin wu Lyndon B. Johnson wa ku kpaat cuk ma̱ a̱tyong nang á̱ ku nyeak a̱niet a̱guguut mba wu ma̱ a̱tuk 6, zwat a̱ni̱nai 1965, ạwot muna̱pyia̱ ba sii̱ shyai doka ji a̱kafwuon da̱nien ji ka mbeang a̱kpai yong ma̱ng cet.

* Ta̱m a̱ka̱wat koot tswok a̱lyiat si̱ 1965, Njhya nsi̱ ndyia̱ 1975
* Ta̱m a̱ka̱wat koot tswok a̱lyiat Njhya nsi̱ ndyia̱ 1982 Á̱ ku ntyia̱ bwak di̱ cucuk a̱byin ji ja mbwak a̱kwak a̱son a̱byin Lyndon B. Johnson a̱ca̱caat njen a̱swap a̱guggut a̱ka̱wat a̱sai nbung ma̱ a̱tuk 6 Zwat A̱na̱nai, ndyia̱ 1965, a̱wot Sot a̱chyet a̱ ja a̱ si̱ labeang bah ba si̱ shai Ta̱m hu a̱ka̱fwuon ba ka neap a̱ka̱cam nji na.
* Fannie Lou Hamer, Rosa Parks, Coretta Scott King, César E. Chávez, Barbara C. Jordan, William C. Velásquez, ma̱ng Dr. Hector P. Garcia Ta̱m a̱ka̱wat koot tswok a̱lyiat bwuak shyim ma̱ng njhya Ta̱m si̱ a̱lyia̱ 2006.  

## Ya̱fang
Ta shyia̱ sa̱t Hayiti

Ta shyia̱ sa̱t Hayiti nkhang wa si̱ cam wa nang a̱niet hayiti ma̱ng a̱niet Fi̱rans ku la̱p ma̱ a̱lyia̱ 1825 
na̱ng a̱niet fi̱rans doot nyei ba cat a̱ tan ba̱ taa hu a̱ taat 150 mi̱li̱on a̱ni francs si̱ a̱lyia̱ ku bai a̱fwuon a̱ni kakap bat ku doot 30 mi̱li̱on nsng ba cat a̱niet hayiti ba tan ba a̱ni,si̱ kurum a̱ya bibyin ma̱ng a̱kasa a̱ni  (mang a̱niet khuwo [1]) nang ba ku saa a̱ni din jen zu̱wang si̱ Hayiti. a̱ si̱ tyia̱ ba ba kyak taa  mi̱li̱on 30 si̱ ntsaa hu,[a] a̱wot ma̱ 1838 fi̱rans si̱ shyi̱m ba ti̱n ba taa  si̱ mi̱li̱on swak a̱taa nang ba na tan a̱ni si̱ a̱lyia swang taat, a̱wot ba wu tan a̱kum ka ma a̱lyia̱ 1883.[2][3][b] ma̱t a̱nia hwa,a̱niet tam niị yo̱k hu ku nyia̱ danian a̱ya taa nang a kwok ba̱t ba tan taa hu ni, tan taa hu kumin ku yet ma̱ 1947.ba bu si̱ ksst nyia̱ kakap taa hu nang ba ku tan s̱ni si̱ tat mi̱li̱on 112, ka doot a̱ shei kurum hu manini a̱ na taat  $560 mi̱li̱on ma̱ 2022, a̱wot ka a̱ shei hu ma̱ a̱tsak kurum Hayiti ba̱i $115 billion.[5][6][c]

a̱ wot ba taa hu danian sa̱t si̱ a̱niet hayiti nang a̱ ku nwuak a̱ byin mba ka danian swuo a̱bun mba hu din zu̱wang si̱ 1825, a̱lyia̱ swang feayang ma̱ anyiung  nang ba̱ shyia̱ shyia̱ cet a̱pyia̱. 

Ma̱t shai̱ ma̱ng shiị nang ba shyia̱ ma fi̱rans neet din jen a̱ ja (shai si̱ zwat a̱ a̱ninai, shai fi̱rans si̱ 1848), a̱gwamnati̱ babyia̱  yaason a̱ni, a̱gwam ma̱ng aniet ba byia̱ zwaa a̱ni si̱ ya a̱son mang kwuok a̱ titaa a̱wot a̱ sa tibg hayiti wa ba tan taa hu.

## nhkang bangbang

### Akeayang Saint-Domingue
.

akeayang Saint-Domingue, nang ang gyei hsyiti manini a̱ni,a̱ ku yet a̱ban dang si̱ ashon irop abyia̱ cet ma̱ swanta  ma̱ 1800s.[15][16] fi̱rans ku byia̱ zuuwa ba̱t ma̱t si̱sak ji ba kwuai a̱ ya khwuo a̱ni, awot a̱niet ba nyiā̱ khwuo ma̱ hayiti din jen a̱ja ku shim taya shyiị a̱niet a̱keayang ka ba̱t ba̱ byiaa aya a̱ khwuo a̱ni ma̱ afi̱ri̱ka a̱ni.[17] din jen 1697 si̱ taat 1804, a̱niet ba̱ cat san tyok a̱bin fi̱rans a̱ni si̱ khwai a̱ya khwuo ba bai̱ 800,000 ba̱ nyia̱ mba tam ma bibyin a̱yaba nang ba kap ani hayiti a̱ kun ngyei saint Dominque hu din jen a̱ja a̱ni.[18]a̱niet a̱keayang saint dominique si̱ tat 520,000 ma 1790 awot 425,000.[19] a̱ si̱ shyia̱ kukui madi̱dit bat  ā̱wot a̱niet ba kwui a̱ni yet a̱khwuo wa a̱liyak ba̱t, nang a̱niet fi̱rans nyia̱ mam mba ani ba si̱ khwui ba̱t a̱nia ba kwuok a̱gyang ba̱t a̱ ching dyuo.
Hyaai-á̱niet mat tyak ma̱ng kwai A̱herero ma̱ng A̱nama

**Hyaai-á̱niet mat tyak ma̱ng kwai A̱herero ma̱ng A̱nama hu** ku **Haai-á̱niet Nami̱bi̱ya ba**, ma̱nang á̱ lyen ma̱ jen swak ji nang **Haai-a̱niet A̱herero ma̱ng Namakua**, kuyet ca̱t kyangswat a̱ka̱keang á̱ haai ma̱ng saai fwuat ma̱ng á̱ nyia̱ a̱pyia̱ A̱herero (Ovaherero) ma̱ng Nama A̱niet mi̱ Jamini A̱takjenshyung A̱fi̱rika (ma̱nini Namibi̱ya) da̱vwuo Tyok Jamini hu. Ku yet a̱nyiung ma̱ á̱ si̱ ntsa hyaai tyak kwái ku na kyiak mi̱ ndyia̱ 20th, ku na bai tsatsak ndyia̱ 1904 ma̱ng 1908. Mi̱ Zwat jhyung a̱lyia̱ 1904, A̱niet Herero ba, nyanyan bya á̱ ku nyia̱ tyok a̱pyia̱ mba bwak Samot Maharero,ma̱ng a̱niet Nama, nyanyan  bya á̱ ku nyia̱ tyok a̱pyia̱ mba bwak a̱kwaka̱son shan Hendi̱rik Witbooi, a̱ si̱ gwan a̱yaat nang a̱nievan A̱ka̱ndang tyok ci̱t Jamini. ma̱ a̱tuk 12 Zwat jhyung a̱lyia̱ 1904, ba hyaai swak 100 A̱niet nswat a̱byin Jamini mi̱ a̱keang Okahandja.

## Ya̱fang
A̱kwak a̱son a̱byin India

## List of presidents of India

### Provisional Government to Indian independence

### President of the Executive Council

### Subhas Chandra Bose Provisional Government to Indian independence

### President of the Executive Council

### Governor-General

### President of India (1950–present)

;Key
-Died in office-Resigned
Padi̱re Pio

**Pio a̱si Pietrelcina** (byin **Francesco Forgione**; 25 Zwat tsuon a̱lyia̱ 1887 – 23 Zwat A̱kubunyiung a̱lyia̱ 1968), Á̱ lyen gu a̱ kai koji a̱wo a̱ kuyet a̱tyua̱byin Ntaliya Capuchin friar, priest, stigmatist, ma̱ng mystic.

## Ya̱fang
Myuziyom A̱bi̱ri̱ti̱n

Miziyum Abiritin ji yet nang sak  Ka masaman danyang a ki shya Nkhang aniet bishii nang aloot sak ani,ntam bwuak, Mang aliat swat atacia avou Ka Shia Landon. Ng tam na nang a Ka dyoot a sak ani yet miliyon aninai, tam Hu no huwa shii ang swak mamyit ntam ma swanta. Ku mịn kyiak nkhyang taada a̱nietbishyi neet da a̱ka̱tsa nhu na bang ba tat ma̱nini. Á̱ ku nok mi̱ ndyia̱ 1753, A̱tutu nkhyang taada Bi̱ritin wa yet ntsa nak Tutu nkhyang taada swanta. Mi̱ ndyia̱ 2023, a̱tutu taada nkhyang hu si̱ shyia̱ a̱nieca̱n 5,820,860, a̱ka̱lauu 42% si̱ swak a̱lyia̱ ka ka̱ kan swak a̱ni. Shyia̱ lan ta a̱byin a̱nyiung ma̱ sot ji á̱ mak a̱ni wa yet a̱gba̱ndang a̱kpa̱sai a̱ kWak nfwuo ȧ̱ni ea mi̱ S̱merika.

## Ya̱fang
A̱kukwaak Elgin

**A̱kukwaat Elgin**ba ( yet vak saai A̱fang A̱khwukhwop A̱weangs neet ma̱ Parthenon ma̱ng ndi njhyang nsi̱ ma̱ Acropolis si̱ Athens, á̱ si̱ ti̱n ma̱ng Ottoman Greece mi ntsa ndyia̱ 19th a̱wot á̱ si̱ shei nat dyo Bi̱ritin mbwak a̱niet nta̱m Thomas Bruce, bwok 7th si̱ Elgin, a̱wot ma̱nini á̱ si̱ ba̱ng mi̱ Tutu Taada Bi̱ritin bya mi̱ London. A̱kpa a̱ si̱ á̱nietá̱niet á̱ si̱ jhya mba mi̱ ndyia̱ 5th nia̱ BC a̱ta̱fa kai vak a̱di̱ndii̱ng a̱fuutsutswam  ma̱ng a̱tyunok Phidias.

Yei hu *A̱kukwaat Parthenon* ku *A̱yiná̱niet Parthenon* byia̱ nfa na̱ a̱yinà̱niet-a̱ frieze, metopes ma̱ng Taan—kuneet Parthenon á̱ tung nhu mi̱ saai ma̱ a̱ka̱vwuo ma̱di̱di̱t, a̱gba̱ndang wu wa yet Tutu-Taada A̱bi̱ritin ma̱ng a Tutu-Taada Acropolit mi̱ Athens.

Kyiak ndyia̱ 1801 si̱ tat 1812, á̱niet nta̱m Elgin's ba si̱ turung shyimtat a̱ka̱wa̱tyia̱ A̱yiná̱niet Parthenon ba bwat a̱ni, da̱ a̱za̱za̱rak ma̱nang a̱yiná̱niet wu gu bwat a̱ni ma̱  Erechtheion, A̱likhwi Athena Nike ka ma̱ng Propylaia,á̱ si̱ ta̱m ma̱ng a̱ na nat dyo Bi̱ritin mi̱ a̱yaadi̱dam á̱ nok Tutu-Taada gyang ku yet si̱ mba a̱ni. Elgin ku hyia̱ a ti̱n a̱yiná̱niet ba ma̱ng shyim a̱yaakwak a̱son Ottoman si̱ gu nyia̱ ta̱m ma̱ng shi mi̱ Athens ma̱ jen a̱ ja. Di shyishyii̱ tyok si̱ Elgin's nkyang na si̱ tyia̱ bai ma̱ a̱swuan.

## Ya̱fang
A̱fang Rozeta

Á̱ ku lung A̱fang ka ma̱ng jen nang Tyok Ahelen a̱wot á̱ ku nwuak a̱cucuk ka byia̱ a̱za̱za̱ra̱k nang á̱ na nyian ta̱m ma̱li nwuat za̱nang, shimba á̱ nyia̱ Sais. Á̱ ku shyei nhu mi̱ li̱lyim swanta swaak ku di̱n jen nang a̱ca̱k jen Mamluk, a̱wot a̱gyaan ka á̱ ku nyia̱ ma̱nang nkyang nok a̱ni mi̱ a̱tda nok a̱ si̱ Fort Julien kpa̱nkpaan ma̱ng a̱keangtung Rashit ka (Roseta) mi̱ Nile Delta. Á̱ ku ta̱taat nhu a̱ja mi̱ zwat a̱na̱tat a̱lyia̱ 1799 mbwak a̱khwot a̱khwop Faransa Pierre-François Bouchard a̱ca̱caat njen Napoli̱ni̱k jhya ca̱t kyangswat mi̱ Eji̱p. Huhwa ku yet swanta gba̱ngba̱ng ntsa hu a̱niet nswat a̱byin Eji̱p si̱ lilyem feang ta̱m á̱ shyia̱ mi̱ jen swaat, a̱wot ku ta̱gyam seangk kai koji a̱kpa a̱niet ka si̱ nfa̱k a̱shia ma̱ng a̱chiachiat li ba yok ghwon kyang hu ku nat gbang ma̱nang ku ndi lilyim á̱ ku nwuai tyiai hu a̱ni bah lyuut hieroglyphic. Nkwa Lithographic ma̱ng a̱khap mbeet bat shyim tsa a̱ka̱kaat ma̱mi Nkyang taada Yorop ma̱ng A̱niet tyiet. Ma̱nang A̱bi̱ri̱tin ba ku swak cet Faransa a̱ni, ba̱ ku kyiak a̱fang ka nkat dyo a̱ta̱fa shurada si̱ a̱bwuanng shyia̱ shim A̱lexandi̱riya mi̱ a̱lyia̱ 1801. Neet a̱lyia̱ 1802, ku kushyia̱ ma̱ maat a̱kpa a̱ghyiit ma̱ nkyang taada A̱bi̱ritin ba a̱bwuat chinchwii̱t a̱ ya a̱son dyo a̱wot á̱ si shyia̱ a̱gba̱nda̱ng bai cam nkyang swat nania a̱ja.

## Jhyiat nkhyang
A̱fang Rozeta ka á̱ ku mi̱n fang ka ma̱nang"a̱dyudyung a̱fang a̱ si̱ granodiorite, 

## Ya̱fang
Bwuot ma̱ng (nkyang taada)

mbwak a̱kean tung Venice mi Buhu kuzang atuk mi alyia 1204, ma jen a ja bwak bwan adidam akhwot akhwop si Ntali akwak Bonaparte ma Venice mi alyia 1797, awot a si bwok nat amali ma Ntali mi alyia 1815.]]

**Bwuot nat mali** yet bwuok hwa mang nkyang taada, ma jen shi bat nang a kwok hu manang akhwukhwop ku asanseang nghwughwu, ma abyin mba ka nang a ntyei mba ku aniet swaak ba ku swuan ma abyin ka ani (ku a si ba chit ba ani).

Taada kwakukwak nkyang nkyang yet nkyang nkhyang aghyi ma aghyi naai nsi sot ku akeang kya chit mbwak sot jhyang, kuzang jen mi ntam saai, ku a shyia mi achachaat njen Tyok chit, Tyok sang ma chet, ku zwang. Ātyu ā yong chat chuk ji ā ni na vwuon koji āwot mbeang mangmamangs, gwuang-gwugwuangl, kyang jhyungs, nkyang mānang tānkai nkyang ntāms ku nkyang zwangs dānian dalili tyiāfwuo ātyubishyi, māng ánietbishyi ba bwust āni.

Mi̱ da nwuo ndyia̱ 21st, a̱kwak yaanfwuang Tyok chit a̱yaat a̱zaswap mbwak ātakfam saai wa kan yong ākāwatyia̱ kap ātyityiat yaanfwuang nāvan a̱wot mī beang bwuot nat mali. Neet ma̱nang tswot mang a̱tim sī Faransa tam dānian bwuot mā taada nkyang chit Āfirika mi alyia 2018, fwuang ji ni ku tyia zang swai kap a̱bibyinswanta hu ku nwuak a̱fwufwuo awot ba si kwuat akaswai na fa sot-akpa tam nkysng taada mang bwuot dyo ma fwuo ntswa a swak cik bibyin fwuut jhya.

## Aninan
### Zwang mang Kwok
Zwang mang navan kwok aniet ba lan ani kuyet abadadai maat kya neet mang jen swanta swaak. Stele Agwam wu Naram-Sin a si Akkad, atyu a yong manini a nyia tyok Louvre Museum mi Paris, a yet atyunyiung ma tam nghwuhwuk nang a lyen a ku kwok mang zxwang ani. Stele jhyung  Naram-Sin's ya nasara mi ayaat di navan ma Lullubi aniet mi ndyia 2250 BCE manang a ku kyiak nang zwang nyin kusa ndyia chi kyang jen jhyang mbwak Elamites atyu a ku swak mang a na nat ndo mi akeangtung Susa, Iran. A ja, a ku kup nna bah mi ndyia 1898 mbwak acucuk aniet ilimi mak si nkyang tashikum Afiransa.

A Palladion Bya ku yet atsa ka mang anyia amgbam achuchuk nghwughwu a nyin ani mi anga jenshyung swanta. A badidai agorung nkwon a si kyang zwang Athena a yai nka Troy's ba kyang chok nung talisman, nang a ku hyia nyia a nyin wa ani mbwak Greeks afiyang atyu lakfwuong byia chet tin ghwughwuk hu ghwut dyo ma mali khwui Athena ka. Hu ku siyang a kyai koji mi nyian shansham swanta swaak nyia achit Troy kuyet fa hu wa danian akeang tung ka wa kan dyin nhu kan tari wu. Nkhyang almara na tyai yet alama yet zazarak si ghwughwuk ahwa mi swanta swaak wan di tyai chet sisak ayaagwaza ba cung mang shi awot a ku nwuak achuchuk da an mba ba chit tyok abang. Abwoi nwuan nghwughwuk a ku mbeang tyai na mi jet swuo abung atyu nzwang Greeks wu azanson, mun ma Odysseus, atyu a ku yet atyok byia fwuo liyim ntsang ka.

## Ya̱fang
Teang Kurum mat Khwo mi̱ Muná̱pyia̱ Sí̱tet A̱merika

**Teang kurum mat khwo** yet naat si̱ mbwuot hwa si̱ shyim fwuo teang kurum a̱tyu a̱ ta̱bat a̱ni ma a̱khwo ku zwa kwai mba. À̱ mbyia̱ fwuo shim dānian jhya mi vak sang yet mumwang mai nkyang mang ātan mi̱ sī ku swak cok faat ālyiat. Mī MS wu, ātan dānian khwo kuyet kakap nwuat dīn vak tsang hwa ku neet mbwuot mi kotu āwot/ku nwuat ma fwuo nyiung (kang ma̱ng tyok kotu hwa bang tyok bah) āpyiā āniet ānyanyin māng sīsa.

Shiri̱ya ntsa mānang á nyiā dā āpyiā ātan dānian khwo si mi Āmerika kuyet á̱ tyia ākhwo swaak bya Belinda Royall mi alyia 1783, di ghwut teang kurum alibashyi, āwot neet mang jen aja awot atan akakpat si ya ason gywai. Ma jen afun ji, á byia akpa teang kurum nang a kau ani bah. Ma ndyia 1865 Lamba Vak á khyiai á nnwuat akawat ani. 15 ("kadada nswaknaai mang aswap") wa kuyet acucuk atsa nswak wu di biyang atyian afai khwo munmumun mami akakeang mang tung zwa. Awot ania, A̱kwakāson ābyin Andarawut Johnson si bwuak kyang a lap a sak, a si bwuok mang abyin ka ā nwuak a̱tyu azama yet atsatsak ātyu byiā wu ani.

Teang kurum yet kyang neet  ambwout adidam kuzang jen wa mi siyasa si amerika, ma jen madadai ji swak ani mi 2020 Demokiratik adadai khai akwak ason abyin wu. Yei danian karfafa teang kurum mi 2020, a yong ma akawatyia agugwong lak kyang apyia mmanshan lakli mang alyiat COVID-19 Zwan, zang bibyia ku hyaai adyundyung aniet Amerika amgbam danian sang swat nyinyang. yei danian teang kurum khai adyundyung kwa mang lakfak gyai mi US ba mang jen madidit jhya mbnwak akakeang adyudyung mang atyulyuut kpankpaan mang ngyei danian teang kurum akhwo. Adidam a si teang akakurum na yong katsak atyu vwuot lyen, Ndirim di sisak a ba nwuak ba, amang wa a na nwuak, a nyan wa na tan mba, awot a nyan wa na san mba.

Atankai teang kurum su nang a ku ghwut dyo mi akeang amerika, Abyin, sitet, mang agwomnati swanta ku abacuwang akavwuo fang na li nang: teang akakurum anyanyin, akavwuo nswat, beang nat fang, yafe akakurum nwai, mang shirye-shiryi nkyang manang a sak a kan njhya rashin nyia aniet shansham ani. .

## Yafang
Nkwoleji ma̱ng Ngyunuvasi̱ti A̱dyundyung Á̱niet di̱ Ntsa

**Nkhyang Nkwoleji ma̱ng Ngyunuvasi̱ti A̱dyundyung Á̱niet di̱ Ntsa** (**HBCUs**) yet si̱sa si̱ a̱gba̱ndang fanga̱pyia̱ mi̱ a̱keang tung swanta A̱merika ma̱nang á̱ ku nok a̱zanson Ta̱m a̱ka̱wat a̱khwot a̱khwop a̱saibung si̱ 1964 ma̱ng byia̱ a̱guguut ba nyia̱ khwo a̱niet A̱fi̱rika A̱merika mman fang. A̱lyiak shyia̱ mi̱ a̱ A̱tak A̱merika a̱wat á̱ ku ta̱taat nna di̱n jen nang Á̱ ku nshyiak a̱ka̱nok nfai ma̱ jen swaak ndyia̱(1865–1877) nkhwi ma̱ Zwang a̱khwot a̱khwop A̱saibung A̱keangtung swanta A̱merika. A̱cucuk a̱jat mba wu wa yet ba kpaat a̱safang da̱nian A̱fi̱rika A̱marika mi̱ jen swak a̱ja nang khwoleji a̱gyang ma̱ng Ngyunuvasi̱ti mi̱ a̱keangtung swanta A̱merika nfi̱n A̱dyundyung mman fang ba tyia̱ lilyoot mba ha wu.

## Ya̱fang
Á̱guguut hattak

**Āguguut Hattak** yet fa nyia tam mang hattaks ma akadang wat bwoi altyiat di li nang Aguguut wat. Ku kan bwuak abai kyangyet ku nswak danian alikauli anietbishyi mang ya ason si tak achyet dundung. Dā mun hattak ba ma awat, ātyu nyian tām si min nsang tām ma̱ng kyang hu shyia mang fwuo ani ma wat hu ku nkyang vwuot aniet kwai nfwuo, ku ghwut agyang āniet ba ma bu mun mi akwa ma ngun ālyiat ku byia acucuk awat ā na khwuat āshai āni. Hattak āgyang fa mun swangālyiat ku hyia gyang ku neet chachaat mang fa ajat kyang ani, khwut ākawat dānian ākpa nshyiat ālyiat. Wat bwoi ālyiat ku min ā nyiā tām nang āndyian āvwuo āmyi kan nswak dānian tashikum á lyen ji kai koji āni ma susot, ku gwuon mba ba shyiat ālyiat, tung, āwot ba jhya dānian nkyang jhyang nang áza ntin āghyi āni davwuo alada bwoi ālyiat wu..

## Nkhyang
Hattak nang a nyia tam manini ani ma wat bwoi alyiat ma jen jhyang a ku ya ntsa tak nhu mi alyia 2007 nbwak atyuntam jhyuk Google Chris Messina ma Twitter. Adidam nggu wu kuyet gu nok atsa aguguut meta a si a na nwuan aniet ntam mang a na ba zop dinanik kyang mami ku nat chachaat mang atung ku pipyia alyia. Di ntsa, Twitter si nfin adidam a wa, a ku hyia nyia, "nkyang na ni myim atyu nyian nkyang da abang nyia". Mang anyia, ma ba jen azanson alyia akya, a hattak #sandiegofire shyia sang din jen ayit ndung California, si biyang anyiat ntam mba seang nkhyang shyia abin, ba si chat ananyiuk mba agyang ashyia anyanyin awot ba si cham shyia fak acucuk nkhyang. Ya ason hu tak shyia kyang hattak ba chat ani, si tat si nang atyu bai mang anhu ma agbam sisa mang ayaagban manang tankai Facebook, Instagram mang Tik Tok. neet mang jen a ja, hattak wu si seang a kai koji a nyian tam mang anhu a nchat alyiat mang lyiat ma agyang, nok akakeang mang tung vwuot ndyen, biyanganiet ntam mang anhu ba min shyia mi ntam dundung mang akachyet kwai nfwuo aniet.

## Yafang
A̱sorong Cat Teang Kurum Khwo A̱mgba̱m Afi̱rika

**Asorong Cat Teang Kurum khwo Amgbam Afirika** hyia kokwak jet aboi ja mang akatung munapipyia mang ayaaguguut nyiap nfwuo nang a ka jhyung ani di tari teang kurum danian bei asakhwot atalatik khwo abwuang, tyok chit, mang sang zwa abyin ka ku naat a mbuot mang kwai nfwuo aniet nkyang niat tazwa aniet Afirika shansham. A tung akya ku byin susot danian siyasa, nok byan fwuo, mang nok-nanyiuk mami akeang-akakeang Afirika, atung comiti diaspora, mang sot atung swanta.

## Agbadang Atung mang Achechet nkhang

### Atung jhya Accra, 2023
Mi zwat swak mang jhyung 2023, Ghana mang Afirika tungdundung aniet munapyia teang titeang hu nswak ani a ku ku nwuak mi Accra. Atung ka ku  min a mun mang "kyang hyia Accra danian jhya," a ku lin ama teang titeang swanta shyia mang khai a si AU atyu tam zan ku kwak ason jhya chat zabe.

### Ason Nwuat mang tsare-tsare nfa
A mundundung Afirika ba tak nang 2025 wu "alyia fak kunak danian anietnswat abyin Afirika mang aniet Afirika byia mumwang di nvak teang titeang", tyia jhya fak kunak bwuak hu ntyia akawatyia apyia alyiat danian 38th nwuak ngu hu.

## Ya ason manini

## Bu nwuan
* Teang mat khwo
* Muna̱pyia̱ A̱fi̱rika

## Yafang

## Ason fang
* A Ghana reparations summit agrees on a global fund to compensate Africans for the slave trade. AP News, 2023.
* Accra Proclamation on Reparations. African Union, 2023. 
* Commonwealth summit agreement raises slavery reparations after row with UK. Politico.eu, 2024.
* Beyond compensation: Reparatory justice as a structural economic imperative for Africa. UN Africa Renewal, 2025.

## kyang Tausa
* Abuja Proclamation (1993)
* CARICOM Reparations Commission
* African Union Theme for 2025: Justice for Africans and People of African Descent Through Reparations
Teang Kurum mat Khwo ma̱ a̱byin Muná̱pyia̱ Sí̱tet

Teang kuruum khwo yet vak hwa nang  a̱niet ba swo abung khwo nan nshyia̱ teang a̱ni ku mman ba.a̱ nvak teang kurum khwon nan doka shim a̱ni mi̱ filosi̱fi asi̱ bu byia̱ nvak teang khwo nsi̱ taa̱da mi̇̄ nwaut ̱ A̱zaza̱rak
shiriya. 
Teang kuruum khwo munapia sited hu ku shia̱ lī̇nama ku shia̱ chet hu nhuak sheriya mi̱ kuto mang Nwuat doka nwuatappia̱ ba nang kuto Ntyia bwuak bah.
Bwuot ma̱ng mbeang bu-niat á̱kum nkwom á̱nietbishyi

bāng ātung nnwap swanta  mī bwuot nat mali āwot á bu-niat mā āvwuoniat nkwom sī nnwap Āmerika bwuat mī āchwuang āvwuoniat nkwom. Ākakum nkwom 17 na si nwap Āmerika māng shyimswak ániet 300 ániet  mānang āshyisā tsītsak ndyiā 1910–1985 á sī min niat ba māmi ánietnswuan mā āniet ba ksn khwi āni.
**Bwuot neet mbeang bu-niat ākum Nkwom Ánietbishyi** yet  kyang ku naat ānbwuot dī yong āhwa mī is a current issue in mumwang mak dānian nkyang nkhyang  āli nkyang taada (museum) áchyet mā an na mā vak bāng ākum ánietbishyi. Tsītsak āniet tsaswat kuntyin ābākeang ka  māng āvwuo ābuwang mmumwang ātyubishyi,  á mbyiā nkyang mādīdīt shyimfwuo ko ni ku wot ākum ka kā bwuat á yok bwuok dyo nat mali bah. Á byiā nkyang mādīdīt nang á cham ākaat ātāchia ka dānian ākum ānietbishyi ba ku swan ku  chat á bu bwuok dyo nat āmali.

## Nvak
Bwuok nat mali hu māng bu-niat nkwom ānietbishyi na bwuat āni á nwuan hu nang kuyet kyiak māng kpīkpaat tsītsak kukwak mumwang ātyubishyi. Din jen jhyang, kwai ji māng āniet ba bā kpaat ātyin ākeang ka dānian ākum nkyang ba chat āni ā ja na bwuok bai. Dā yong huni, ābwuang mmumwang ātyubishyi, ābwuang āniet maktyan ba fang ākum chatlyen nkyang, na nya byiā nkyang māfwui na vwuon āni. Āgyang āniet mumwang ābwuang ānietbishyi mba hu fāk di sīsak á nchat hu āni á sak ākum ka dānian á ka mbiyang kyai hu māng nkhyang nang á swa āni. Others feel that repatriation is necessary in order to respect the descendants.

## Nkhyang Maat

Ya fwuang hu danian bwuot shyia di ya ason chin apyia mbwak aniet Nkhyang Maat nang aniet nswat abyin madidit ku li ani. Nkhyang Maat na fa di fwoung Maat nang ba ku li mang jen Ayaatyia akwuop ji ku swak ani ba tat afwun. Da nkhyang, nang aniet nswat abyin ba kan fik ani bah mang lyin swuan nman Historically, Indigenous people have experienced massacres and the loss of their children to residential schools. This immense grief is also shared and felt by descendants. Historical trauma is perpetuated by the status of ancestors being boxed away and studied. Some Indigenous people believe that the pain will be alleviated when their ancestors are repatriated and free.

## Ya̱fang
Pan-A̱fi̱̇rikanizi̱m

Pan-Afirinikanizim ji yet a̱chyet a̱kakeang nia̱ na bam fhwo di̱ fuut mang beang cet chung di̱dung aniet ba shia̱ nta a neet ma kakeang Afirika a̱ni.
ba bia̱ kyang ku shia̱ baa a̱zason a̱ni bam bwok nat jen liai khwo a̱tilanti,liai khwo ti̱ran-sahara, di̱ liai khwo abandang cen indiya̱,
di̱ khwo ashong a̱gyui tam khwo ma kab koloni (ku yet A̱firika jenshung),
ku chung didung ma tam khwo Moritanu tam khwo hu ni ku Nwo a̱swak aniet Afirika ku si shia̱ li̱n a̱mma aniet a̱firika ba shia̱ nta a̱ni A̱marika mang Irob.

ashong, adi̱dyung mand aswout akob ng kolona na shia̱ mang tuta hu ani ta̱k shia̱ Ndung mang pan-Afirickanizm nang a̱̱lab di̱ bwoa̱k UNIA da lia̱ 1920
pan-Afirikanizm Shia̱ atying ka mami kwan mang apia̱ danyian a̱ ka shuot tia̱ mị khwo mang nia̱ khwo bwuak akakeang ashong. a̱hwot si̱ hu ni kwan ma appia̱ hu ka a̱ doot a̱shia hu bia̱ bwuak di̱ lak khwo hu da tyin awot ku sị mi̱ bai abung ba̱t mat ka ku ya a̱son da mi̱ fwung tyai khwo ku zang jen awot ka a̱ yaason ma vuot mi̱ tyai mi̱ khwo A̱di̱dyung A̱firikaa, ciet hu niet 
dī̇ cye 19th sencuari.
Danyian nang mun apia beang ya ason aniet da vak abwang ani, di̱ swat, di̱ kwakason aniet, pan-afirikanizim bia̱ didam tung aniet awot ba taam bah aniet bah neet A̱firika. bam mang nia̱ di̱ lilia̱ cyikop swakfeang hwa nang Pan-Afirikanizm nshia̱ ghuut yon asham
di̱ vak siyasa nan mman afirika na shia̱ nta ani nia kwakason tam hu. di̱ lilyia̱ chyikob swak makubunyung, lauya Tireneda wa ku yarong a̱tung a̱ ku nyia̱ mang nyio tung wistminta hu shyia landon a̱ni, ang ka yong a̱kwan avoun inyin bibyin aniet afirika nang ba nyia̱ tyok tazwa ba nyin a̱ni. si huni ku kwan mi̱ ghaap  nan anyia̱ a̱di̱dyung aniet dyio ani mang nkyang jyang na na̱ beang ba a̱ni. kyang pan-Afirikanizm n tyia̱ bat a̱ni hu hwa yet aniet Afirika, a̱si̱ ba shyia̱ nta a̱ni̱ mang a̱si̱ ba shyia̱ a̱mali a̱ni byia̱  tarihi nyung.
Pan-Afirikanizm hai nan aniet ba neet Afirika a̱ni Amerika ban tarihi nyung ku shia kuntyin di̱ lia khwo A̱tilanti̱k mang ntam khwo Mman A̱firika nbeang Iropiyang empiriyalizm. Pab-A̱firikanizm yet tam nyung hu beang kpaat atung A̱firika yuniti (Afirika yuniyon si̱ ngya̱ ason da lia̱ 1963.Afirika yuniyon kumishon si̱ byia̱ a̱vuo swat ba ka A̱disababah awot A̱firika Paliyamin si̱ byia̱ avuo swat ba ka Midi̱ran ashia̱ Juhanasbuk a̱ni.

## Ya̱fang

̧
Kaswuo A̱buba̱ka̱t Mamut Gumi

**Kaswuo A̱buba̱ka̱t Mamut Gumi** ji, á̱ ka ndyen nang **Kaswuo A̱ka̱wa̱tyia̱ Ka̱duna** ji a̱ni, ji̱ja yet a̱vwuolyiainkyang ka̱ swak ma̱ng shi hu ma̱ a̱keang Ka̱duna ka̱ yet a̱keangtung Si̱tet Ka̱duna, Naijeriya a̱ni. Kap kaswuo hu shyia̱ di̱ Sot A̱gwomna̱ti Mali Ka̱duna A̱za di̱ fam a̱za-a̱tyin a̱wot kap ghyang si̱ shyia̱ di̱ Ka̱duna A̱tak di̱ fam a̱tak-jenshyung hu. Kaswuo ji yet jhyiung di̱ a̱ka̱cyian tungzwa mi̱ a̱khwukhwop fam A̱za Naijeriya wu, ma̱ng jhyiung di̱ a̱ka̱vwuonaat mbwuot nkyangcung mi̱ Ka̱duna. A̱ta̱lyen Ahmadu Bello ka yet a̱gba̱ndang vak wa a̱ fwuop a̱ka̱vwuo ma̱ a̱di̱di̱t mi̱ kaswuo ji.

## Nghwughwu

Central Market, Kaduna State 20.jpg
Central Market, Kaduna State 11.jpg
Central Market, Kaduna State 04.jpg
Central Market, Kaduna State 14.jpg
Central Market, Kaduna State 18.jpg


## Ya̱fang

## A̱ka̱fwuop nta
A̱yangkwai

***A̱yangkwai*** () yet tangka̱i a̱ban hwa mi̱ kwai  a̱ni ku neet mi̱ Afi̱rika ma̱ng A̱siya ti̱ropik a̱ni nang á̱ cyui ba̱t a̱ni.

Á̱ lyen a̱ban wuni ma̱ng a̱ka̱tuk sweang ka̱nang a̱yin la nggu, a̱si̱ gu swak sweang a̱ni nggu wa yet fi̱ng a̱ban hu ma̱ng gbajak nhu hu. A̱ ni̱ nghwut ma̱ng swuo mi̱ vam a̱yin ka̱nang gu ta̱bat sweang a̱yin. A̱ byia̱ ta̱m di̱ fam nyian a̱ki̱kan a̱ni.

## A̱ya̱fang

## A̱ka̱fwuop nta
A̱yangkwai/Fantswam

***A̱yangkwai*** () yet tangka̱i a̱ban kwa bi̱ kwai  ni ku neet bi̱ Afi̱rika bu A̱siya ti̱ropik nang á̱ cyui ba̱t ni.

Á̱ lyen a̱ban wuni bu ka̱tuk swiyang ka̱nang a̱yin la nggu, a̱si̱ gu swiyang a̱ swak ni nggu a yet fi̱ng a̱ban ku bu gbajak nku ku. A̱ ni̱ wuruk bu swua bi̱ lvwam a̱yin ka̱nang gu ta̱bat swiyang a̱yin. A̱ byia̱ ta̱m bi̱ fam nyian ki̱kan.

## Ya̱tfang
Shong Kaswuo Á̱niet Afi̱rika-A̱merika

Shong kaswuo Á̱niet Afirika-Amerika [a] (AAVE)[b] yet shong ja ji̱ mun mi̱ kyang ma di̱di̱t Shong ji yet shong nan aniet bah liat shong ani̱ liat aliak jen aniet ba shia̱ mi̱ cetet akeang bibia̱ liat tankai shong ahwa aliak aniet bani yet nfi̱n nia̱ ani̱ bah shia̱ lilya̱ ntam a̱ni alyiat mang a̱didyung ani̱et Kanada. shong kaswuo ji ni bia̱ si̱sak ji ang dyiat ji ani. Nkap shong kaswuo nani, uhwuat  AAVE nan nfin A̱didyung aniet Amirika kyak ang dyiat a̱ni, alyiak jen ba lyat ji nan shong swan amali awot alyat ji ma kawai di angaan ka shong kaswuo ji byia̱ vak soshialigwitik kuntinum.
Shong kaswuo jini ku niet lyiat bah ni̱n dyiat ma tai di̱ vuo ba bwouk anat da tsak shong nan ashim alyiat a̱ni kuji mang Nhwuat hu, ƙyiak jen atsak shong bah ni̱n ban uhwuat shong kaswuo ji ku sang ahwuat atsak shong ji. AAVE TYON akai kakeang munappia̱ sitet ban ania̱ shong kaswuo ji yet mwap Amirika hwa bah da bah alyem nwap Amirika awot aniet ba lyiat ani ba mbam bah wa yet A̱firikan-A̱mirika bah.
Hilary Beskles ma̱ng A̱yaat da̱nian Kari̱bi̱yan ba

Hilary Beskles  (a ku byin nggu atuk mama dwak ma̱ng nyung si̱ zwa̧t a̱kubunyung ma alyia̱ 1955)  a̱yet a̱tyok lyien mang fang nhkang banbang wa si Bajan a̱wot a̱ si bu yet a̱kwak a̱son si̱ univasité̱ a̱ shyia̱  a zaa jen shun si indies a̱ shing ba ngyei (UWI) mang yet a̱ kwak a̱son si  CARICOM a̱vwuo sai a̱niet bwuo a̱bun swanta.

a̱yia̱ fang nggu hu ms univasité si hu̱ll a̱ shyia̱ inglan a̱ni,Beskles tsaa fang nggu hu ma UWI a̱wot a̱ si shyi̱ shyii yet a̱bandang a̱yin fanng nang nggu ni shyia̱ a̱lyia̱ 37, nggu wa si̱ yet a̱badidai a̱yin a̱ byia̱ tankai shyii a̱wa ma nkhang a̱vwuo fang hu. a̱ si shyia̱ a̱lyoot shyii si̱ yet a̱ban dng a̱kwak a̱son si univasité hu mang a̱kwak a̱son si a̱niet didan si UWI's  danian mman fang ma a̱lyia̱ 1998, ma alyia̱ 2002 a̱ si yet a̱kwak a̱son si univasité a̱shyia̱ ka̱p a̱ni. A̱wot a̱ si tyia̱ fwoo̱ nggu hu ma̱ fang nhkang si̱ a̱niet karibiya, a̱ si sak fwuo ma kyang muna̱pyia̱ ma̱ng shyia̱ kurum nang a̱niet shing ba san tyok ̱byin afi̱rika ma̱ng khwuo si a̱ta̱lanti̱ a̱ni, Beskles si byia̱ a̱ngwuaat ba̱t ma tam a̱fam a̱zaa si indiá a̱wot a̱ si nyia̱ tam yet a̱tyi nyung a̱ shyia̱ mami a̱ya a̱kwak a̱son mba ani.

### shyii nggu hu
a̱ byin Beskles ma a̱keayang Ba̱rba̱dó,a̱wot a si̱ tsaa fang nggu hu ma bandang a̱vwuo fang a̱ng gyei Coleridge mang Parry  ani, din shong  Saint Peter, Barbados. a̱wot a̱ si  haaait fang nggu hu ma ingla̱n, a̱ng gyei a̱lyoot ka din  Pitmaston secondaryschool  Bournville College of Further Education ma a̱ keayang Bi̱rmi̱ngha. Beskles  si̱ naat univasité a̱ si bu hyaait fang nggu hu ma Univasité si hu̱ll, a̱ si tiyak fang nggu hu a̱ si shyia̱ shyii uet van dand dokto̱ si fang.

### fang nggu hu mang tam
Beskles  shyii nwuo Univasité si fam a̱zaa si̱ indiá (UWI)  a̱wot a̱ si nyoa̱ tam a̱ja si̱ uet a̱tyo tyiat mman fan nkhang bambang hu ma akeayang mo̱na si jamaika, ma a̱lyi̱a 1979,  a̱wot a̱ si shyia̱ a̱ shai a̱ naat univasité a̱ shyia̱ kap ani.  nang nggu shyia̱ a̱lyoot yet a̱bandang a̱tyo lyuut ma̱  a̱vwuo fang a̱ shyia̱ london ani ma  1986,a̱ si shyia̱ yet a̱kwsk a̱son si a̱yet fang nkjang banbang ma  1992, a̱ si nyia̱ tam hu si tat 1996, Beskles si sjyia̱ naat dan son di uet a̱bandang a̱tyofang a̱shing ba ngyei propesor ani ma̱ a̱lyia̱ 1993, nggu wa si yet aban nggon din shyia̱ tan kai shyii hu ni bat. ntam nggu na si cat nkhang a̱niet si shyii bat a̱ si byia̱ a̱lyak nkhang si caribiya hu, a̱ si lyuut tazwa khwuo nang a̱ ya a̱tyia̱ zi ba nyia̱ a̱ ni banbang hu mang sisak hu ba kwan ba shyii cet a̱ni ma barbado,  mang sisak nang a̱nyuuk ba si kwan mba mamiyan, a̱wot mang kyang nang tyok  khwuoo hu bai mang a̱dundyung a̱niet dyuo ani ma a̱kabung na ba suwuo ani ma barbado.  nhkang nggu na jhyang si lyiat tazwa barbado mang nkhang a̱vwuo ka mang fang hu a̱ja awot mang sisak ji ba nyia̱ nkyang mba na a̱ja.
Ma̱nyii-A̱ghyui

**Ma̱nyii-A̱ghyui** (Shong: Manyii-Aghyui, Kpat: Bakin Kogi) yet a̱bakeang kya mi̱ Fam Zonzon mi̱ Sot A̱gwomna̱ti Mali Nietcen A̱fakan, di̱ fam a̱tak Si̱tet Ka̱duna di̱ fam-a̱byin Fam A̱ka̱wa̱tyia̱  Naijeriya. Zunzwuo-a̱muup a̱bakeang jija yet 802140.

A̱vwuo ka byia̱ shi a̱za ku bai a̱ti̱tak 2,509 ku mita 764. Kyai a̱ka̱mantswam ku shyia̱ kpa̱mkpaan a̱ swak a̱ni ma̱ng a̱bakeang ka, huhwa yet Kyai A̱ka̱mantswam Yakubu Gowon, Nja̱t, ku 50nm shyia̱ di̱ fam a̱tyin hu.

## A̱ya̱fang
Jagi̱ndi

**Jagi̱ndi** yet a̱keang kya mi̱ Sot A̱gwomna̱ti Mali Jemaa, ma̱ a̱tak Si̱tet Ka̱duna mi̱ A̱ka̱watyia̱ a̱byin Naijeriya ka. A̱keang ka yet a̱vwuo kya nang á̱niet shi a̱kpa a̱ni.A̱katyong mak a̱byin si̱ a̱bakeang ninia 801150.

## A̱ya̱fang