Yujin Yonesi̱ku

**Yujin Yonesi̱ku** ku **Eugène Ionesco** (; á̱ byin nggu **Eugen Ionescu**, ; 26 Zwat Swak ma̱ng Jhyiung 1909 – 28 Zwat Tsat 1994) a̱ ku yet a̱tyulyuut nkhang maat Romaniya a̱ sa ngyet a̱tyu Fi̱ransa wa a̱ni a̱wot a̱ si̱ lyuut a̱lyiak da̱ a̱lyem Fi̱ransa a̱wot a̱ si̱ bu yet a̱tyonyiung ma̱ a̱yaakwak a̱son a̱zwu maat a̱maat avant-garde Fi̱ransa mi̱ sa̱ncuri 20 wu. Yonesi̱ku doot a̱ka̱hyia̱ a̱ si̱ fuut tyeizat mi̱ á̱di̱dam ma̱ng lyennkyangta̱m maat, a̱ si̱ tsa ma̱ng "a̱na̱nvan vwuo", *[[The Bald Soprano]]* zang wa ku mun yet kyang nyiung mami nkyang na̱ na nkhwat a̱tsan kyang hu á̱ ndyen nang A̱zwuvwuo ''Absurd'' ka ka̱ bai yet a̱ni, nang á̱ mbyia̱ nvwuo-maat ma̱ a̱di̱di̱t na̱ naat ca̱caat ma̱ng a̱di̱dam a̱tyufilosofi wu nang á̱ ngyei A̱li̱bat Ka̱mut a̱ni, ku tyai a̱kace á̱di̱dam absurdizi̱m ma̱ng surrealizi̱m na a̱ni. Á̱ nwuak nggu yet memba Académie française ma̱ a̱lyia̱ 1970, a̱wot á̱ si̱ jong nggu a̱ywan a̱di̱dyep ma̱ a̱lyia̱ 1970 mbeang za̱nang Za̱nang Si̱tet A̱ti̱riya mat Lyuut Lyulyuut Yurop, a̱ si̱ bu ya a̱ywan san Za̱nang Urusha̱lima ji ma̱ a̱lyia̱ 1973.

## Nkhang
A̱ ku byin Yonesi̱ku ma̱ a̱keang Si̱la̱tina kya mi̱ Romaniya. A̱tyia̱ nggu wu cong khwi hu ma̱ Cot A̱todok A̱romaniya hwa. A̱yang nggu wu yet kyangbwak Fi̱ransa mbeang kpang Romaniya hwa. Nang á̱ghyang nkwok a̱ni, a̱yang nggu wu ku yet Pi̱rotesi̱tan wa (khwi hu nang á̱ mbyin a̱tyia̱ wu a̱ni mbeang si̱ hu nang a̱yang wu a̱ ku yet a̱tyukhwi a̱todok a̱ni ma̱ a̱tsak si̱si̱ mbwuak ndyo a̱ni). Á̱ghyang á̱niet lyiat nyia̱ a̱yang wu yet a̱tyu A̱yahuda wa. Á̱ ku nyia̱ Yonesi̱ku ba̱ptisman mi̱ Khwikristi A̱todok hwa. Nkhang ma̱ a̱di̱di̱t ku tyan a̱lyia̱ mbyin nggu ka nang 1912, ghyuap huni ku neet mi̱ a̱buk nyia̱ di̱ kap Yonesi̱ku a̱pyia̱ nggu, a̱nyan wa ku cat a̱lyia̱ mbyin nggu ka ka̱ kwa ma̱ ca̱caat ma̱ng a̱lyia̱ kwi a̱bagwaza nggu, a̱tyulyuut nvwuo-maat Romaniya nang á̱ ngyei Karagyale a̱ni.

A̱lyiak da̱won nggu tyak ma̱ a̱byin Fi̱ransa kya a̱wot, ma̱nang gu ni̱ nshyia̱ a̱ja, a̱ si̱ li kyang nang gu nyia̱ ku ku byia̱ bwak mi̱ si̱sak nang gu nwuan swanta hu a̱ swak kuzang a̱vwuo a̱ghyang. Ma̱nang Deborah B. Gaensbauer ku wa̱i mi̱ *Eugène Ionesco Revisited*, "Ma̱nang gu shyia̱ di̱ cong mi̱ mam a̱won hu ma̱ a̱bakeang pi̱rovin ka nang á̱ swup ma̱ng a̱sai a̱bwuan a̱ni tafa kyai tswazwa a̱jenjai a̱sa̱khwot bula, sai hu si̱ shai [Yonesi̱ku] ma̱ gba̱mgbam." Á̱ ku ma nggu ma̱ kpa̱ra̱ng ma̱ng sai ku hyaat a̱ni, fwuong á ngyei a̱ na fi̱ri̱p a̱za ma̱ng a̱gba̱ndang fwuong a̱ka̱ngka̱ra̱ng cet-vam. Nang gu si̱ mbwuok a̱ni a̱ si̱ "wak" a̱ ghwut ma̱ a̱byin ka a̱wot "sai" hu si̱ kai nggu a̱ ghwon, a̱ si̱ li nyia̱ a̱tsak swanta wu ka̱nang á̱ mak ma̱ng a̱si̱ nggu nang gu ku nkai a̱ ghwon a̱ni nhyat ma̱ng byian, za̱kwa byian ma̱ng nyian nta̱m tazwa nyian ta̱m ji̱ nwai byia̱ fa a̱ni. Si̱ huni meang si̱ bai ca̱caat ma̱ng shei á̱zanson hu nyia̱ a̱khwu ni̱ nkwok konyan ka̱ nkat di̱ ngaan hu. A̱lyiak ta̱m nggu a̱ na nyia̱ a̱ma̱lyim a̱ni, si̱ tyai yong fai huni, tyai jhyuai da̱ a̱vwuo swanta á̱nietbishyi ka, nwuai tyei fwuo da̱ a̱lyiat, ma̱ng a̱shonshyon fwuong nyia̱ swanta ghyang ku lan si̱ nang zi̱ maai ntat a̱ni nshyia̱. Á̱ maai á̱ li zang kyang hu ku shyia̱ nggu a̱ni di̱ ya̱fang ma̱ng pyipyia̱ a̱lyiat á̱tsatsak nta̱m nggu na ma̱ a̱di̱di̱t: á̱nietmaat ba̱ cat "a̱keang sai" nang á̱ si̱ mi̱n ntat a̱ni (*[[The Killer (play)|A̱tyuhyaai-á̱niet Wu]]*, *[[Cucuk Ji]]*) ku fwuong swam swanta ku shyia̱ di̱ fam ghyang hu a̱ni (*[[Kicong di̱ Wun hu]]*); á̱nietmaat ba̱ san cet fi̱ri̱p a̱ni (*Kicong di̱ Wun hu*, *[[Amédée, ku Si̱sak nang Á̱ na Nvwuong Nhu|Amédée]]*, *Á̱nietloo ma̱ng Nta̱m*); vwuong vi̱vwuon swanta hu nang di̱n jen ma̱ a̱di̱di̱t ni̱ tyei a̱dyundyung a̱lyia̱ (a̱tyumaat Bérenger wu; sa̱u shisham tyei a̱sham shok mi̱ di̱ nwai fwuong kunak ('Amédée*, *Cucuk Ji*, a̱tyumaat Bérenger wu); ma̱ng sang shot a̱khwu ka (*Ghwut ma̱ng A̱gwam wu').

A̱ bwuok a̱ bai Romaniya ma̱ng a̱tyia̱ nggu ma̱ng a̱yang wu ma̱ a̱lyia̱ 1925 ma̱nang á̱nietmbyin nggu ba tyat nyeang mba hu a̱ni. A̱ja̱u a̱ si̱ ta̱bat cong Kwoleji A̱byin Sen Sava, a̱ sii du fang di̱ Lyuut Lyulyuut Fi̱ransa mi̱ Yunuvasi̱ti Bukha̱ret kyiak neet ma̱ a̱lyia̱ 1928 ba̱ng si̱ nat 1933 a̱wot a̱ si̱ swak mak yet a̱tyutyiet a̱lyem Fi̱ransa. Ma̱nang gu ni̱ nshyia̱ a̱ja a̱ni, a̱ si̱ myim ma̱ng Emil Cioran ma̱ng Mircea Eliade, a̱wot a̱tat ba si̱ kin ngyet á̱kpa̱ndang ku si̱ swan a̱nia a̱mgba̱m shyicet mba hu.

Ma̱ a̱lyia̱ 1936 Yonesi̱ku si̱ bwuo Rodika Burileanu a̱byii̱k a̱ni. Ba̱ ku byia̱ nggwon-a̱nap a̱nyiung kya, Marie-France Yonesi̱ku, mat a̱nyan wa a̱ ku lyuut nkhang mman ma̱ a̱di̱di̱t na̱ nwai khwi taada a̱ni. Ma̱ng kyangbwak nggu hu, a̱ si̱ bwuok a̱ bai Fi̱ransa ma̱ a̱lyia̱ 1938 a̱ tyak ta̱si̱t yet dokto nggu ji. A̱wot Zwang Swanta II ji si̱ mi̱ ta̱bat nggu ma̱ a̱ja ma̱ a̱lyia̱ 1939, a̱ si̱ bwuok a̱ bai Romaniya, a̱wot a̱ si̱ bu shyiak fwuo nggu hu a̱nfaan a̱wot, ma̱ng beang á̱kpa̱ndang, a̱ si̱ shyia̱ nkwaa̱mbwat a̱cyiet na na̱ jong nggu a̱wat  bwuok a̱ bai Fi̱ransa ka ma̱ a̱lyia̱ 1942, a̱ja wa a̱ si̱ swan ba̱ng si̱ bai tyak zwang ji, a̱ si̱ swan a̱keang Marseille a̱wot a̱ si̱ kin shyei a̱ nat ma̱ a̱keang Pari̱t ma̱ng kyangbwak nggu hu nang á̱ sii du byii̱k a̱keang a̱kya.

## Ya̱fang

## Fang a̱zanson
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*—. *Notes and Counter Notes: Writings on the Theatre*. Trans. Donald Watson. New York: Grove Press, 1964.
*—. *Present Past, Past Present*. Trans. Helen R. Lane. Da Capo Press, 1998, p.&nbsp;149. 
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* Kraft, Barbara. *Interview: Eugène Ionesco*. Ontario, Canada: Canadian Theatre Review, York University, 1981.
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* Kamyabi Mask, Ahmad. *Ionesco et son théâtre*. Pari̱t: A. Kamyabi Mask, 1992. 
* Kamyabi Mask, Ahmad. * Qui sont les rhinocéros de Monsieur Bérenger-Eugène Ionesco? (Etude dramaturgique) suivie d'un entretien avec Jean-Louis Barrault, Préface de Bernard Laudy*. Paris: A. Kamyabi Mask, 1990. 
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*Sebastian, Mihail. *Journal: 1935–1944*. London: Pimlico, 2003.
* Sprenger, Scott; Mitroi, Anca. *Bibliographie Ionesco*. Bucharest: University of Bucharest Press. 2009.
* Sprenger, Scott. Special Double Issue of Lingua Romana on Ionesco. 2004.
* Wellwarth, George E. *The Dream and the Play*.
* 
*  Călinescu, Matei. *O carte despre Cioran, Eliade, Ionesco*. On Cioran, Eliade, Ionesco. In: *Revista 22*, no. 636, 2002. https://web.archive.org/web/20070910233251/http://www.revista22.ro/html/index.php?art=100&nr=2002-05-20
*  Pavel, Laura. *Ionesco. Anti-lumea unui sceptic* (*Ionesco: The Anti-World of a Skeptic*). Piteşti: Paralela 45, 2002. 
*(di̱n Romaniya) Saiu, Octavian. *Ionescu/Ionesco: Un veac de ambiguitate* (*Ionescu/Ionesco: One Hundred Years of Ambiguity).* Bucharest: Paideia Press, 2011, 
* Kraft, Barbara. *[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/barbara-kraft/a-conversation-with-eugene-ionseco_b_3288112.html A Conversation with Eugene Ionesco]* Huffington Post, 2013
* *Orifiamma*, ebook ita,  (Il Club di Milano, 2013)
* *Perché scrivo?*, ebook ita,  (Il Club di Milano, 2013)
* Kraft, Barbara, ebook usa, *The Light Between the Shadows: A Conversation with Eugène Ionesco*, 2014

## A̱ka̱fwuop nta

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* Eugène Ionesco: Man of the Theatre/Theatrical Man 
* Eugene Ionesco and Russian dramatist Mikhail Volokhov