open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Bob Dylan

Palʊla Bob Dylan kɛ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 24 wiye pɩnaɣ 1941 Minezotaa tɛtʊ taa, Etazuunii taa. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ siŋŋŋ kɔyɔ Robert Allen Zimmerman. E-hendu tewu hɩɖɛ yɔ Bob Dylan. Ɛwɛna hɩla kɩsɛsɛna ndɩ ndɩ nɛ a-taa kɔyɔ: Elston Gunnn, Blind Boy Grunt, Zimbo, Zimmy, Lucky Wilbury, Boo Wilbury, Elmer Johnson, Sergei Petrov, Jack Frost, Jack Fate, Willow Scarlet, Bob Landy, Robert Milkwood Thomas nɛ Tedham Porterhouse. 

Ɛ-tʊma ɖɔ yem sakɩyɛ nɛ a-taa kɔyɔ: ɛkɛ kpalahʊwa lʊyʊ, wendu luɖu yaa tɩ-mayʊ, ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ tɔm ɖɛzɩyʊ yaa nɔɔyʊ yɔɔ aseɣɖe tɔm heyiyu, soo maɖʊ, kɛgɛdaɣ tɛ mayʊ yaa lɩzɩytʊ tʊmɩyɛ laɖʊ nɛ keɣsi maɖʊ. Bob Dylan kɛna Amerika tʊ. Pɩnzɩ 1960 taa kɛ ɛkɩla labʊ ɛ-tʊma sɔsɔna labʊ. Ete hendu natʊyʊ ɛzɩ hendu lɛɛtʊyʊ yɔ, tɩhɛzɩ ɛyaa laŋga pazɩ nɛ peyele you ŋgʊ poyowaɣ Fɩyɛtɩnaam taa nɛ ñamñam lakasɩ sakɩyɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa yɔ.
Charlotte Brontë

Palʊla Charlotte Brontë kɛ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kʊɖumʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1816 kɛ Tɔmtonii tɛtʊ taa, Aŋgletɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛsɩba ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa kɛ lakɩŋ fenaɣ 31 pɩnaɣ 1855 ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 38. Charlotte Brontë kɛ takayɩsɩ mayʊ nɛ aŋgilisi kʊnʊŋ taa kɛ ɛmaɣna. Payaɣ ɛ-caa se Patrick Brontë nɛ ɛnʊ kɛŋna naatozo-tʊ pɩya loɖo taa. Ɛ-pɩcatʊ taa kɛ e-ɖoo sɩba nɛ pɩcɛɣɖɛ kʊdɔŋ salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 15 pɩnaɣ 1821 nɛ ɛ-kɔɔnaa naalɛ ñasɩbɩna nɛ kpeziwilaɣ kʊdɔŋ. 

Ɛ-caa ɖɔkɩna-wɛ kaaka nɛ ɛkɔɔ ɛtalɩ sukuli kjɩtɛzʊʊ taa. Pɛwɛ kʊñɔŋ taa nɛ ɛfɛyɩna liidiya sakɩyɛ ɛlɛ ɛcɛyɩ ɛ-tɩ nɛ ɛpɩzɩ ɛla esusi ɛtɛ keɣsi nɛ ɛ-kɔɔna ñɩma pɩnaɣ 1846. Pɩtɩŋɛ mbʊ yɔ, abala hɩla kɛ ɛɖʊwa. Ɛma takayaɣ sɔsɔwav nakayɩ, *Jane Eyre*, nɛ kapɩsɩ cɔlɩɩɩ takayɩsɩ kɩkalasɩ mayaa kɛ wɛɛ naayɛ taa takayɩsɩ kɩmamasɩ taa kɛ kedeŋga kpeekpe yɔɔ. Pɩsa nɛ papɩzɩ pala po-sukuli lɛ, pɩnaɣ 1824 pa-caa wona-wɛ Kowan Briiji sukuli taa. 

Sukuli kʊnɛ kɩmʊʊ ɛsɔtɔm wɩlɩyaa mba pɛwɛ tanɩm taa yɔ pepiya. Sukuli ŋgʊ kɩ-taa pawɩlʊʊ camɩyɛ ɛlɛ paalakɩ tɔɔnasɩ camɩyɛ, palakɩ-sɩ nɛ kʊzɔɔtʊ kamaɣ fɛyɩ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ-kɔɔnaa nɛ ɛ-kɔɔnaa naalɛ, Maria nɛ Elizabeth, pasɩbɩna kpeziwilaɣ kʊdɔŋ. Lɛlʊ sɩba ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ looɖo wiye nɛ lɛlʊ mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ 15 wiye pɩnaɣ 1824. Pʊyɔɔ kɛ palɩza Charlotte nɛ Emily nɛ powona-wɛ Hawɔrtii tɛtʊ taa.
Emily Brontë

Palʊla Emily Jane Brontë kɛ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 30 ŋgʊ pɩnaɣ 1818 kɛ Tɔmtoni tɛtʊ taa, Aŋgletɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛsɩ saŋgayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 19 wiye pɩnaɣ 1848 ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 30 kɛɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa. Ɛkɛ keɣsɩ maɖʊ yaa si-luɖu nɛ ñʊʊda maɣzɩm takayɩsɩ kɩkalasɩ mayʊ nɛ aŋglisi kʊnʊŋ taa kɛ ɛmaɣna ɛ-takayɩsɩ. Ɛma ñʊʊda maɣzɩm takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ, *Les Hauts de Hurlevent*, nɛ kɛkɛna nɛ kapɩsɩ cɔlɩɩɩ takayɩsɩ kɩkalasɩ mayaa kɛ wɛɛ naayɛ taa takayɩsɩ kɩmamasɩ taa kɛ Aŋgletɛɛrɩ taa nɛ kedeŋga kpeekpe yɔɔ. 

Ɛlɛ keɣsɩ lɛ, ɛma-sɩ sakɩyɛ. Ɛnɛ ɛ-kɔɔ alɩ ɖɑma pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ nɛ ɛyʊ ɛna-wɛ ytɔ pɛwɛ ɛzɩ ɖoma yɔ nɛ ɛna-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ powoba  Gondal hayɩsʊʊ ɖeɖe. Payaɣ ɛ-caa se Patrick Brontë nɛ ɛkɛ ɛsɔ tɔm wɩlɩyʊ nɛ ɛlʊla-wɛ ɛyaa looɖo nɛ Emily Brontë kɛŋna pʊwa kagbaanzɩ ñɩŋga. Ɛ-pɩcatʊ taa kɛ e-ɖoo sɩba nɛ hiliu taa pɩcɛɣɖɛ kʊdɔŋ  salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 15 pɩnaɣ 1821 nɛ ɛ-kɔɔnaa naalɛ ñasɩbɩna nɛ kpeziwilaɣ kʊdɔŋ. 

E-ɖoo sɩm wayɩ kɛ ɛ-caa Patrick Brontë nɛ ɛ-neŋ Elizabeth Branwell pakpaɣ lɩmaɣza se papazɩ aha-wɛ waɖɛ kpem nɛpɛwɛɛ pa-tɩ yɔɔ. Piyebina pɩya sɩnɛ, Charlotte, Emily, Anne nɛ sɩ-ɖalʊ Branwell, sɩpaɣzɩ maɣzʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩfɛyɩ kaʊ yɔ ɖɩ-yɔɔ tɔm. Sɩma tɔm ndɩ ndɩ nɛ sɩlakɩna amʊʊza. Sɩma ɖɔɖɔ kɛɖuʊ tɔm sakɩyɛ, silu keɣsɩ yaa sɩmabɩ-sɩ, sɩma aseɣla tɔm heyu ɖɔɖɔ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ amʊza maɣzʊ. 

Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Charlotte yeba-wɛ se ɛtɛzʊ e-sukuli lɛ Emily nɛ Anne peyele nɛ palɩzɩ pɛ-jaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ paya-ɖɩ se Gondal. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ halʊ nɔɔyʊ, Augusta Geraldine Almeda, kɛŋna ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ. Takayaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ Emily kɩla ɛtɛ keɣsi lubu yaa sɩmabʊ maʊ.
Gabriel Fauré

Palʊla Gabriel Fauré kɛ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 12 ŋgʊ pɩnaɣ 1845 kɛ Pamiye tɛtʊ taa, Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛsɩ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naanza wiye pɩnaɣ 1924 ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 79 kɛ Paarii tɛtʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa. Gabriel Fauré kɛ piyano maɖʊ, kuludaɣ ajɔɔlaɣ pee ñɩnɩyʊ nɛ wendu luɖu yaa tɩ-mayʊ. Ɛ-wɩlɩya kɔyɔ Saint-Saëns nɛ Gustave Lefèvre Paarii tɛtʊ taa nɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛkɛ hendu teyaa ñʊʊdʊ kɛ cɔɔcɩ kpaaŋ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Madeleine yɔ kɩ-taa. 

Pʊwayɩ lɛ paya-ɩ se ɛkɛ wendu lubu yaa tɩ-maʊ tɛ wɩlɩyʊ sɔsɔ kɛ Paarii Tɔsʊʊ ɛtaalɛzɩ lɩmayɛ taa nɛ pʊwayɩ lɛ pɩnzɩ 15 taa, 1905 nɛ 1920, ɛkɛ hɛkʊ taa sukuli nakʊyʊ ñʊʊdʊ. Ɛwɛ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa mba pɛkɛ wendu luɖa yaa tɩ-mayaa sɔsaa kɛ kpaɣ pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ 19 tɛnɖɛ nɛ pɩsɩɩna pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ taa yɔ. Gabriel Fauré caa kɛ payaɣ se Toussaint-Honoré Fauré nɛ ɛkɛ wɩlɩyʊ Pamiye tɛtʊ taa nɛ pʊwayɩ lɛ ɛpɩsɩ wɩlɩya ñʊʊdʊ kɛ Mɔntɩgoozii tɛtʊ taa. 

Piyele e-ɖoo kɛlɛ Marie-Antoinette-Hélène Lalène-Laprade. Halʊ kʊkʊtʊ nɔɔyʊ cɔlɔ ɛɛwɛɛ nɛ pɩnaɣ 1854 ɛkʊya nɛ ewolo Paarii tɛtʊ taa se ɛpaɣzɩ  ɖooo cɔlɩɩɩ wendu teu nɛ ɛsɔ wendu teu nɛ papɩsʊ ɛsɔ kpaaŋ taa yɔɔcɔnɩyaa, mba peɖiyu wendu teya lala yɔ nɛ mba pɛkpɛlɛkʊ-wɛ wendu ɖɔɖɔ yɔ. Peeɖe ɛlaba e-sukuli pɩnzɩ  hiu nɛ kʊɖʊmaɣ nɛ ɛmʊ piyano mabʊ tɛ kacalaɣ nimiye nɛ  wendu luɖaa tɛ kacalaɣ ñɩnɖɛ nɛ wendu kalʊ nɛtɩ-ɖam taa mʊnaʊ tɛ naalɛ ñɩnɖɛ. 
	
Pɩnaɣ 1870 taa kɛ ɛsʊ sɔɔjɛɛtʊ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Pruseñɩnɖɛ poyowaɣ yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1871 taa ɛɖaɣna pɩsʊʊ Paarii tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛpɩsɩ wendu lubu nɛ ti-teu kɛ Saint-Sulpice cɔcɩ  kpaaŋ taa.
George Eliot

Palʊla George Eliot kɛ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 22 wiye pɩnaɣ 1819 kɛ Nuneyatonii egeetiye taa kɛ Lɔndrɩ tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛsɩ saŋgayɩŋ fenaɣ 22 wiye pɩnaɣ 1880 kɛ Cɛlsii, Lɔndrɩ tɛtʊ kʊɖʊmtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 61. George Eliot kɛna hɩɖɛ nɖɩ ɛsɛ-ɖɩ kɩsɛʊ yɔ; ɛ-hɩɖɛ siŋŋŋ kɛlɛ Mary Anne Evans. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ kɩsɛsɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɛna abalɩhɩɖɛ nɛ Krandɩ Preetañɩ taa Abɩɖɛ Victoria ɖɩ-tɛ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, George Eliot kaawɛ takayɩsɩ maya sɔsɔɣa taa. 

Ɛsɛ se George Eliot yɔ, pʊwɛ nabʊlɛ taa: kɔɔnaɣ lɛ ɛɛsɔɔlaa se takayɩsɩ nzɩ ɛmaɣ yɔ papɩzɩ posusi sɩ-taa tɔm, nabʊlɛ taa lɛ ɛtaasɔɔlɩ se samaɣ ɩtɩlɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛ-hɩɖɛ maɣmaɣ nɛ pɩkɩlɩna ɖukiye nɖɩ ɖɩɩsʊ ɛnɛ ɛ-walʊ, George Henry Lewes, pɛ-hɛkʊ taa pɩnzɩ nɛɛlɛ kpem taa yɔ. Payaɣ ɛ-caa se Robert nɛ e-ɖoo kɔyɔ Christiana. Ɛ-caa kaatɛma halʊ kpaɣʊ nɛ payaɣ-ɩ se Harriet Poynton nɛ pɛwɛɛna pɩya naalɛ, halɩpʊwa nɛ abalɩpʊwa.

Tɛyɛ yɔɔ aleeya ɖaɣ sɔsɔɣa ŋga ka-taa paawɛɛ yɔ mbʊ hana George Eliot nʊmɔʊ nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ takayɩsɩ kalʊʊ nɛ pɩkɩlɩna  Walter Scott nɛ Shakespeare. Ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 13 lɛ  powona-i sistaanaa tɛ sukuli nakʊyʊ taa se ɛkpɛlɛkɩ fransɩ tɔm nɛ peeɖe ɛkala Pascal takayasɩ camɩyɛ nɛ ɛtɩlɩ-ɩ ɖeu. Sukuli ŋgʊ kɩ-taa kɛ ɛsɔ tɔm lɛɛza-ɩ. 

E-ɖoo sɩba pɩnaɣ 1836 nɛ pʊwɛɛ se Mary Anne pɩsɩʊ ɛ-tɛ nɛ ɛcɔna ɛ-hɔʊ yɔɔ ɛlɛ ɛwɛɛ ɛlakɩ e-sukulɩ ŋgʊ mbʊ. Ɛ-wɩlɩʊ nɔɔyʊ, Maria Lewis, cɛlaɣna-ɩ sukuli taa ndʊ pawɩlaɣ yɔ nɛ ɛkpɛlɛkʊʊ. Ɛ-tɛ kacalaɣ takayaɣ ŋga ɛmaa yɔ,ŋgalɛ Yeesu fezuu caɣʊ.
Benjamin Britten

Palʊla Edward Benjamin Britten kɛ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 22 wiye pɩnaɣ 1913 kɛ Suffolk, Kewiyaɣ kɩkpɛndaɣ taa nɛ ɛsɩ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa saŋgayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naanza ñɩŋgʊ pɩnaɣ 1976 ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 63. Ɛ-tʊma sɔsɔna yɔ: wendu luɖu yaa tɩ-mayʊ, soo maɖa ɖɩcaɣyɛ ñʊʊdʊ nɛ piyano maɖʊ. 

Ɛna Peter Pears pakɩlɩna labʊʊ tʊma nɛ paha-ɩ samtʊ nima ndɩ ndɩ nɛ a-taa kɔyɔ: Ordre du Mérite, Ordre des compagnons d'honneur, Prix Ernst-von-Siemens. Priitaniki taa lɛ, Edward Benjamin Britten kɛŋna wendu luɖu yaa tɩ-mayʊ kɛ Kewiyaɣ kɩkpɛndaɣ taa kpaɣna Henry Purcell nɛ pɩsɩɩna sɔnɔ; ɛlɛ Georg Friedrich Haendel fɛyɩ pɩ-taa. Ɛ-caa kɛ ɖakʊta nɛ ɛlakɩ tʊmɩyɛ mba pɔcɔŋna kela kʊdɔmɩŋ yɔɔ yɔ. 

Ɛwɛɛ mbʊ lɛ ɛtaasɔɔlɩ sɛ ɛ-pɩyalʊ Benjamin Britten ewelesuu radiyo yaa saawʊɖɛ ñɩɣyʊʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛɛsɔɔla pɩŋŋŋ se Benjamin etee hendu. Pɩla mbʊ lɛ e-ɖoo ñaakɛ hendu teyu sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ nɛ ɛkpɛlɛkʊ-ɩ piyano maɖʊ mabʊ pɩnzɩ kagbaanzɩ taa nɛ pɩnzɩ nzɩ sɩ-taa kɛ ɛlɩza ɛ-kacalaɣ tataɣ. Pʊwayɩ lɛ sukuli taa ɛtasɩ-kʊ kpɛlɛkʊ pɩnaɩ 8 taa.
Béla Bartók

Palʊla Béla Viktor János Bartók kɛ lakɩŋ fenaɣ 25 wiye pɩnaɣ 1889 kɛ Panat tɛtʊ taa Otirisii-Hɔŋgrii ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛsɩ salaŋ fenaɣ 26 wiye pɩnaɣ 1945 ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 64. Béla Viktor János Bartók sɩba Niwu-Yɔrkɩ tɛtʊ taa, Etaazunii taa. E-fezu caɣʊ taa lɛ, tʊma sɔsɔna wena ɛlaba yɔ akpɛnda naatozo: hendu lʊɖʊ, caanaʊ taa wendu kpɛlɛkɩyʊ nɛ tɩtɩlʊ nɛ piyano maɖʊ.

Sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa pawɩlʊ soo mabʊ nɛ payaɣ-kʊ se Franz Liszt yɔ kɩ-taa ɛlaba e-sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ  nɛ ɛna weyi pakɩlaɣ tʊma labʊ yɔ ɛnʊ yɔ Zoltán Kodály. Ɛ-cɩcaanaa kɔyɔ István Thomán nɛ László Erkel Hans von Koessler. Béla Bartók kɛŋna kacalaɣ-tʊ weyɩ ɛñɩna ethnomusicologie yɔ nɛ e-fezu caɣʊ nɛ ɛ-tʊma taa payɩ lɛ etotuu ɛtɛkɛɛ, Hɔŋrii tɛtʊ taa kɛ ɛwɛɛ.

Payaɣ Béla Viktor János Bartók ɖoo se Paula Bartók nɛ ɛkɛ wɩlɩʊ sukuli cikpeluu nakʊyʊ taa nɛ ɛ-caa ñɛkɛ haɖaʊ sukuli cɩkpelu nakʊyʊ yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ nɛ e-neu kɔyɔ Elza Bartók (1885–1955). Ɛ-ñɩma mba paakɛ ɖɔɖɔ hendu teyaa. E-ɖoo paɣza-ɩ piyano kpɛlɛkʊʊ lɛ Béla kaawɛna pɩnzɩ kagbaanzɩ.
Georges Brassens

Palʊla Georges Brassens kɛ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 22 wiye pɩnaɣ 1921 kɛ Sɛɛtɩ tɛtʊ taa Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛsɩ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 29 pɩnaɣ 1981 ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 60. Ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ siŋŋŋ kɛlɛ keɣsi mabʊ yaa lubu, ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ kpalahusi lʊyʊ-wendu luɖu yaa tɩ-mayʊ, nɛ ɛyaa lala yɔɔ eseɣla tɔm kɛdɩyʊ yaa amaazɩyʊ. Ete hendu sakɩyɛ nɛ tɩɖɛ ɛzɩ 200 yɔ ɛlɛ ɛnaɣ nɔɔyʊ nɛ ɛlɛ makɩ-ɩ kitarɩ yaa aɖakaɣ cɩmʊʊ nɛ ɛnʊ teu. Hendu ndʊ ɛmaɣmaɣ eluki nɛ eteɣu yɔ tɩ-wayɩ lɛ, ɛkpakɩɣ de François Villon, Victor Hugo, Paul Verlaine, Paul Fort, Antoine Pol, yaa ɛzɩ Louis Aragon kɛɣsi nɛ eteɣu. 

Payaɣ ɛ-caa se Jean-Louis nɛ ɛkɛ kʊdʊyɩŋ mayʊ yaa mɔsɔŋ nɛ e-ɖoo kɔyɔ Elvira nɛ e-ɖoo ɛnɛ ɛɛtɛma walʊ nɛ ɛlʊlɩ Simone Comte. Ɛ-cɔzɔnaa payaɣ se Jules nɛ Marguerite. Georges Brassens ɖoo wona-ɩ sukuli lɛ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ naanza nɛ pɩnzɩ naalɛ wayɩ lɛ, ɛ-caa lɩzɩ-ɩ katolika sukuli ŋgʊ kɩ-taa nɛ ewona-ɩ komina ñɩŋgʊ taa. Ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ hiu nɛ naalɛ lɛ ɛsʊ hɛkʊ taa sukuli taa ɛlɛ ɛtɛkɛ weyi ɛsɔɔla sukuli labʊ siŋŋŋ yɔ nɛ ɛɛkɩla sɔɔlʊ aleɣya, you, lɩm yaʊ nɛ nʊmɔŋ haʊ yaa ɖɩwa caɣʊ. Nɛ pɩsa nɛ ɛpɩzɩ ehiu sukuli taa lɛ, e-ɖoo kizina-ɩ soo mabʊ sukuli.

Pɩnaɣ 1936 taa kɛ ɛcɛla ɛ-tɩ kpem kɛ keɣsi mabʊ yaa lubu pɩtɩŋga ɛ-wɩlɩʊ weyi ɛwɩlaɣ-wɛ fransɩ kʊnʊŋ yɔ. Ɛɛwɛna pɩnaɩ 16 lɛ ɛsʊʊ kpanzɩyaa nabayɩ cɛŋga taa nɛ pamɩlʊ pazɩ pazɩ pʊkɔɔ pɩsɩna paɖʊ-ɩ salaka. Salaka ŋga ka-taa ɛlɩnaa nɛ etee ɛ-caa kɛ hendu natʊyʊ se ɛsamna-ɩ ɛlɛ eyeba nɛ ɛ-sɩm wayɩ kɛ été-tʊ.
Gustave Flaubert

Gustave Flaubert kɛna fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa-tʊ nɛ ɛkɛ takayɩsɩ mayʊ. Palʊla-ɩ saŋgayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 12 wiye pɩnaɣ 1821 kɛ Rouen, Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛsɩ tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ Croisset yɔ kɛ agoza fenaɣ litoozo wiye pɩnaɣ 1880 kɛ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe. Palʊla Gustave Flaubert ñɩm tɩnaa nabayɩ tɛ. Payaɣ ɛ-caa se Achille Cléophas Flaubert (1784-1846) nɛ ɛkɛ fɛɖaa mba palakɩ kʊdɔndɩna tʊma yɔ pa-ñʊʊdʊ nɛ e-ɖoo kɔyɔ Anne Justine Caroline Fleuriot (1793-1872). 

Flaubert kɛna pɩɣa naatozo ŋga pɩya naanza taa nɛ pa-pɩcatʊ taa kɛ ɛ-ɖalaa sɩba nɛ pɩkazɩ ɛnɛ e-neu halɩñɩnʊ. Sukuli taa Gustave Flaubert kaakɛna weyi ɛ-ñʊʊtaa wɛlɛɛtʊ kpem yɔ, mbʊ yebina ɛkɔɔ ɛpɩsɩ ɖɔɖɔ fɛɖaa mba palakɩ kʊdɔndɩna tʊma yɔ pa-ñʊʊdʊ ɛzɩ ɛ-caa yɔ. Ɖooo ɛ-pɩcatʊ taa kɛ ɛɛsɔɔla maɣzɩm caɣyɛ kɛzɩyɛ lɩmaɣza  takayɩsɩ mawʊ. Pɩla mbʊ nɛ pɩnaɣ 1834 taa ɛna Ernest Chevalier nɛ ɛna-ɩ pama takayaɣ nakayɩ, *Art et progrès*. 

Takayaɣ kanɛ ka-taa kɛ ɛcala maʊ ɛ-tɛ kɔɔnaɣ tɔm. E-ɖoo sɩba ɖomaɣ fenaɣ looɖo wiye pɩnaɣ 1872 kɛ Rouen tɛtʊ taa. Ɛ-sɩm pazɩ nɛ pɩcaɣ ɛ-yɔɔ kamaɣ fɛyɩ, piyebina ɛpɛdɩ ɛ-tɛ hayɩm nɛ ɛkʊyɩ Rouen tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛpɩsɩ Paarii.
Honoré de Balzac

**Honoré de Balzac** kɛna Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tʊ nɛ ɛkɛna Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tʊ weyi ɛmaɣ takayɩsɩ yɔ. Ɛ-tʊma sɔsɔna ɖɔ sakɩyɛ nɛ a-taa kɔyɔ: ɛkɛ ñʊʊda maɣzɩm takayaɣ mayʊ, ɛhʊʊ tɔm nɛ takayɩsɩ mayaa nabɛyɩ matʊ, ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ takayɩsɩ mayaa yɔ mbʊ ɛlakɩ lɩzɩya tʊma tɩna, aseɣɖe tɔm heeyiyu ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ weyi pamaɣ takayɩsɩ nɛ ɛlɩzʊʊ-sɩ takayasɩ hatʊy yɔɔ yɔ. Palʊla-ɩ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ nɛɛlɛ wiye pɩnaɣ 1799 nɛ ɛsɩ kɩyɛna fenaɣ 18 wiye pɩnaɣ 1850 ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 51.  Ɛ-hɩɖɛ kɩsɛsɛɛ kɔyɔ Lord R’Hoone Viellerglé.

Eyeba ɛwayɩ nɛ takayɩsɩ, maɣzɩm takayɩs, ɛma-sɩ ɛszɩ 90 yɔ nɛ aseɣla tɔm nɛ ɛkpɛndɩ nɛ ɛyaa se *La Comédie Humaine*. Pɩtasɩɩna siyeke, ɛlɛ ɛma tanaŋ mʊya ndɩ ndɩ ɛzɩ mɩnɩʊ yɔ nɛ efebiya mʊya sakɩyɛ. Ɛma takayaɣ nakayɩ nɛ ɛyaa-kɛ se *La Comédie Humaine* nɛ ka-taa lɛ, ɛyɔɔda ɛzɩma ɛyaa wɛ ndɩ ndɩ yɔ ɛzɩ Buffon yaayɔɔdʊʊ tɛtɛ wondu tɔm yɔ. Ɛyɔɔda tɔm-piye naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩɖʊkɩna paa anɩ; nɖɩ lɛ se: paa anɩ, ndɩɩkɛ ñɩm-tʊ yaa kʊñɔŋ-tʊ yɔ, ŋkɛ weyi ɛsɔ haa yɔ. 

Payaɣ Honoré de Balzac caa se Bernard-François Balssa nɛ ɛkɛ lɔŋ pasɩyʊ wiyau ɖaɣ taa nɛ e-ɖoo kɔyɔ Anne-Charlotte-Laure Sallambier. Bernard-François Balssa lɛɣzɩ Balssa nɛ Balzac kɛ Paarii tɛtʊ taa pɩnzɩ 1771 nɛ 1783 sɩ-taa. Bernard-François Balssa kaakɩla ɛ-halʊ nɛ pɩnzɩ 32 nɛ ɛkpaɣkaɣ-ɩ lɛ, ɛlɛ ñaawɛna pɩnzɩ 18. Honoré de Balzac kɛŋna kacalaɣ pʊwa pɩya naanza hɛkʊ taa: Honoré, Laure, Laurence nɛ Henri. Ɛkɩlɩ e-neu Laure nɛ fenasɩ 16 yeke nɛ sɔɔlɩm sɔsɔm nabʊyʊ wɛɛ pɛ-hɛkɛu taa camɩyɛ. Ɛna-ɩ pamaɣna takayɩsɩ nɛ ɛlɛ ɛmana ɛ-ɖalʊ yɔɔ tɔm kpeekpe.
Jimi Hendrix

Palʊla James Marshall Hendrix kɛ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 27 wiye pɩnaɣ 1942 kɛ Setli tɛtʊ taa, Etazunii taa nɛ ɛsɩ salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 18 pɩnaɣ 1970 kɛ Lɔndrɩ tɛtʊ, Aŋgletɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Hɩɖɛ nɖɩ pakɩlɩna-ɩ sɩm yɔ lɛ Jimi Hendrix nɛ ɛ-hɩɖɛ sɔsɔyɛ kɔyɔ Johnny Allen Hendrix. Ɛkɛ Amerika taa hendu teyu sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ, ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ citarɩ maɖʊ, kpalahuwa lʊyʊ, wendu luɖu yaa tɩ-mayʊ. Ɛnʊ tʊlɩna hendu teu kɩkaʊ nakʊyʊ nɛ payaa-kʊ se Jimi Hendrix lɔnzɩnɖɛ. Etetee  hendu pɩnzɩ sakɩyɛ, pɩnzɩ naanza yeke ete-tʊ, (1966-1970) ɛlɛ ɛwɛ pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ taa mba paklila sɩm kitaarɩ ŋgʊ pamakɩna ladriki yɔ nɛ hendu teya sɔsɔɣa taa. 

Ɛkɛ lɩmɩyɛ-tʊ ɛlɛ ɛmakɩ nesi kɩpanzɩ  citarɩ camɩyɛ  yaa ɛkɩzɩ ki-nimasi nɛ nɩmɩyɛ yɔɔ nɛ pʊcɔ ɛma. Ɛwɛna taabalaa nabayɩ nɛ ɛna-wɛ petewaɣ nɛ hendu nɛ pasɩ paɖama yɔɔ; mba yɔ: Janis Joplin, Jim Morrison nɛ Brian Jones. Johnny Allen Hendrix kɛ Afrika nɛ Amerika pɛ-hɛkʊ taa ɛyʊ. Payaɣ ɛ-caa sɛ James Allen Hendrix nɛ palaʊla-ɩ mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ hiu wiye pɩnaɣ 1919 kɛ Kanadaa ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛsɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ 27 wiye pɩnaɣ 2002. Payaa e-ɖoo se Lucille Hendrix, palʊlɩ-ɩ aloma fenaɣ 12 pɩnaɣ 1925 nɛ ɛsɩ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naalɛ wiye pɩnaɣ 1958. 

Ɛ-cɔzɔnaa kɔyɔ: e-ɖoo caa kɔyɔ Zenora Rose Moore nɛ palʊla-ɩ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 19 pɩnaɣ 1883 kɛ Zɔɔrzii tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛlɛ caa kɔyɔ Robert Moore. Payaɣ ɛ-caa caa se Bertran Philander Ross Hendrix nɛ palʊlɩ-ɩpɩnaɣ 1866. Ɛ-cɔzɔ ɛnɛ e-ɖoo, Fanny, kaakɛ ɛyʊ kɩkpɛdʊ nɛ ɛwalɩ tadɩyɛ laɖʊ kʊʊlʊm nɔɔyʊ nɛ pɛwɛɛ Urbana. Pɩlɩɩna ɛzɩma cɔzɔnaa lɩna ajɛya ndɩ ndɩ lɛ Ross Hendricks kʊyɩ egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa paalʊla-ɩ yɔ pɩnaɣ 1896 nɛ ewolo ɛcaɣ Sikaagoo nɛ ɛlɛɣzɩ ɛ-hɩɖɛ, Hendricks nɛ Hendrix. Ross nɛ Nora kaakɛna weyi ɛɛsɔɔla tanaʊlɑbʊ nɛ ɛcɔʊ ɛtaŋ yɔ nɛ palɩɩ ɖama yɔɔ kɛ Pɔɔrtlandii nɛ Sɛtlɩ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa nɛ pɩla pakpaɣ ɖama 1912.

Fenasɩ cabɩ wayɩ kɛ powoba Kanada ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ palʊlɩ pe-piya 5 nɛ pa-taa lɛ halɩpɩɣa kʊɖʊmaɣ nɛ abalɩpɩya naanza. Pɩya nzɩ sɩ-taa kɔyɔ Jimi Caa, James Allen Hendrix. Kamɩŋ fenaɣ 28 wiye pɩnaɣ 1922 kɛ Ross et Nora Hendrix pɩsa Kanada ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ ɛyaa siŋŋŋ. Ross sɩba pɩnaɣ 1930 nɛ Nora Hendrix ñasɩ pɩnaɣ 1984, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 100.
Michael Jackson

Palʊla **Michael Joseph Jackson** kɛ kɩyɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 29 wiye pɩnaɣ 1958 kɛ Karii tɛtʊ taa, Ɛndiyana taa nɛ ɛsɩ mɩsɩ kʊm fenaɣ 25 wiye pɩnaɣ 2009 kɛ Lɔsɩ Anjelɛsɩ kɛ Kalɩfɔrnii ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 51. Michael Joseph Jackson kɛna wendu teyu, kpalahuwa lʊyʊ, wendu luɖu yaa tɩ-mayʊ, nɔɔyʊ yɔɔ aseɣɖe tɔm lɩzɩyʊ, ɛpaɣ kamaɣ fɛyɩ nɛ ɛ-naŋgbaanzɩ ɖʊʊ ɖama taa camɩyɛ nɛ ɛlakɩ tanaʊ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ sɔsɔyɛ kɛlɛ The King of Pop, Bambi. Ɛkɛna pʊɣa lʊbɛ ŋga kɛ pɩya nakʊ taa. Ɛnɛ ɛ-ɖalaa papaɣzɩ hendu teu lɛ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ looɖo nɛ pɩnzɩ 11 kɛ ɛpaɣzɩ hendu teu camɩyɛ ɛ-ɖalaa hɛkʊ taa kɛ Jackson Five taa. 

Pɩnaɣ 1971 taa kɛ ɛpaɣzɩ hendu kalʊ nɛ lalaa tisuu. Ɛ-tɛ hendu natʊyʊ wɛ lʊbɛ nɛ keteŋga kpeekpe yɔɔ tɩwɛ ndʊ pakɩlʊ yabʊ yɔ tɩ-taa. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ kɩsɛyɛ kɔyɔ Pop tɛ wiyau nɛ mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɛpazaa ɛwa hendu teya sakɩyɛ nɛ tadasɩ nzɩ ɛpɛdaa yɔ sɩɖɛ ɛzɩ miliyaarɩ yɔ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ kedeŋga kpeekpe yɔɔ lɛ ɛkɛ naadozo-tʊ weyi ɛkɩla ɛ-tatasɩ pɛdɩɣ yɔ; kacalaɣ- tʊ yɔ Beatles nɛ naalɛ-tʊ yɔ Elvis Presley. Tataɣ ŋga pakɩla-kɛ pɛdɩɣ keteŋga kpeekpe yɔɔ yɔ ŋga lɛ Thriller, nɛ pɛpɛda-sɩ ɛzɩ miliyɔɔna 66 yɔ. Pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, Etazuunii taa lɛ Thriller kɛŋna tataɣ ŋga keɖeke kɔŋ RIAA, Amerika taa ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩcɔŋna hendu teu yɔɔ yɔ, sama camɩyɛ nɛ yele se palɩzɩ-kɛ tɔm 30 taa yɔ. 

Lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kacalaɣ wiye pɩnaɣ 2016 taa padaɣna tataɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ ŋga lɩzʊʊ tɔm 32 taa. Michael Jackson kɩlɩna samtʊ nima ndɩ ndɩ mʊʊ hendu teu taa keteŋga kpeekpe yɔɔ nɛ pɩɩkɔma pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 2000 taa palakaɣ Mɔntɩ-Kaarloo hendu teyaa amʊʊza sɔsɔna lɛ, Monaakoo tɛ kewiyaɣ ñʊʊdʊ Albert II cɛla Mileniyɔm kʊjɔʊ kɛ Michael Joseph Jackson. Kʊjɔʊ kʊnɛ kɩwɩlʊ se ɛnʊ kɩlɩna tatasɩ kɛ pɛdʊ. Michael Jackson.
Salpêtre sukuli

Salpêtre sukuli, patasɩ-kʊ yaʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ Paarii sukuli, kɩkɛ kɩ-nɛ Nancii sukuli, sukuli lɛɛkʊ ŋgʊ kɩsɩna ɖom haʊʊ nɔmɔŋ taa Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa pɩnaɣ 1882 ŋtalɩ 1892. Kɩwɛ keekee Salpêtre ɖɔkɔtɔ taa kɛnɛ. Sukuli ŋgʊ kʊ-nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʊ kɔyɔ hola yɔɔ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ Jean Martin Charcot. 

Ɛyaa mba pasɩɣana Charcot ɛzɩ ɛ-ɛyaa yɔ Salpêtre sukuli ŋgʊ kɩ-taa yɔ mba yɔ Joseph Babinski, Paul Richer, Alfred Binet, Charles Féré, Pierre Janet, Georges Gilles de La Tourette, Achille Souques, Jules Cotard, Pierre Marie, Gilbert Ballet, Paul Regnard, Désiré-Magloire Bourneville, Ferdinand Bottey, Paul Brémaud nɛ Amédée Dumontpallier. Salpêtre sukuli taa tʊma caɣ piŋ kɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ naa mɛwɛ mandɩ waa sakɩyɛ yɔɔ kɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kpaɣ ɛzɩ Sigmund Freud, Eugen Bleuler yaa Joseph Delboeuf.

Pɩta ɖaŋɩ ɖɔkɔtɔ naa nabayɛ se pala tʊmɩyɛ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ ɖɔkɔtɔ naa taa, pa-taa lɛ ɖɩnaɣ Charles Deslon, Jules Cloquet, Alexandre Bertrand, le Professeur Husson, Léon Rostan, François Broussais, Étienne-Jean Georget6, Didier Berna et Alphonse Teste. Erɔpʊ ajɛyɛ naayɛ taa kpɩnɛ lɛɛɖɛ hɔm ndʊ tɩkɔna ndɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ mbʊ yɔ fɛɖaa sakɩyɛ nabayɛ labana-ɖɩ tʊmɩyɛ pa-taa kɔyɔ David Ferdinand Koreff, Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland, Karl Alexander Ferdinand Kluge, Karl Christian Wolfart, Karl Schelling, Justinus Kerner, James Esdaile nɛ John Elliotson. 

Pɩnaɣ 1862 lɛ pakpa Charcot se ɛkɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ naa tɛ sɔsɔ, tʊmɩyɛ ndɩ ɖɩɩkɛna Salpêtre sukuli taa tʊmɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ. Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1860 lɛ, Joseph Babinski kɔɔ ɛ-cɔlɔ, nɛ ɛlɛ pɩsɩ e-sukuli pɩɣa ŋga ɛkɩlɩ sɔɔlʊʊ yɔ. Kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1862 nɛ 1870 hɛkʊʊ taa lɛ, Charcot na tʊma sakɩyɛ nɛ pɩlɩna pʊ-yɔɔ nɛ ɛpɩsɩ hola yɔɔ kpɛlɛkʊʊ niiye mʊyʊ kɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa.
Nancii sukuli

Nancii sukuli kɩ nɛ Salpêtre sukuli, kɩkɛ sukuli naa taa sukuli lɛɛkʊ ŋgʊ kʊɖʊ nesi piŋ ɖom haʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ pɩnaɣ 1882 ŋtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1892. Kɩ-taa peeɖe ɖɩnaɣ fɛɖʊ Ambroise-Auguste Liébeault, ɖɔkɔtɔ wɩlɩtʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ Hippolyte Bernheim, tɔm hʊyʊ Jules Liégeois nɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ Henri Beaunis. Pasɩma Liébeault nɛ Bernheim kɔɔ laɣsɩ ɖom kɔnaʊ sɔsɔtʊ, pɩtɩŋna tɔm pɔzɩtʊ kpaagbaa nɛ tɩkɛ se pɩpaɣzɩ-ŋ nɩɣ yaa pɔtɔŋ se pɩpazɩɣ mɩ-yɔɔ wɩɣ pazɩ pazɩ. 

Ɖɔkɔtɔ naa mɛwɛ mandɩ yɔɔ waa mba pa-hɩla kaakɩlɩ sɛʊʊ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa, Sigmund Freud ñɩŋʊ Emile Coué kɛlɛ ŋtɩŋɩɣna Auguste Forel nɛ Joseph Delboeuf, wolo pana Bernheim nɛ Liebeault tʊmɩyɛ labʊ.

You ŋgʊ kɩɩwɛ Nancii sukuli nɛ Salpêtre sukuli ŋgʊ Jean-Martin Charcot tɩna ɛkʊ taa kɔyɔ pɔhɔŋaɣ ɖama pɩlɩna mbʊ panɩɩ ɖom haʊʊ tɔbʊʊ wɛɛ ana a-taa, ɛyaa mba paakɛ Bernheim wayi yɔ tɔŋ se pɩɩkɛ ɖom yem kɛlɛʊ. Pɩ-tɛ ntɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ nɖɩ tiyele se pañɩnɩ siŋ ɖom haʊʊ yɔɔ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kpaɣɖʊ 20, ɛzɩ aseɣɖe tɩnaa nabayɛ yɔɔdʊʊ yɔ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Clark Leonard Hull nɛ Theodore Barber tʊma yɔɔdʊʊ yɔ.

Pɩta ɖaŋɩ ɖɔkɔtɔ sakɩyɛ nabayɛ se pala tʊmɩyɛ nɛ pʊtʊ ɛnʊ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ ɖɔkɔtɔ naa taa, pa-taa kɔyɔ Charles Deslon, Jules Cloquet, Alexandre Bertrand, le professeur Husson, Léon Rostan, François Broussais, Étienne-Jean Georget, Didier Berna nɛ Alphonse Teste. Erɔpʊ ajɛyɛ naayɛ taa lɛ mbʊ se kpɩnɛ lɛɛɖɛ ɛhɔ lɛɛɖɛ yɔ tɛkɛ tɔm natʊyʊ se pekizi-tʊ kɛlɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ naa sakɩyɛ la tʊmɩyɛ nɛ tɔm ndʊ, ɖɔkɔtɔ naa mba pa-taa kɔyɔ David Ferdinand Koreff, Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland, Karl Alexander Ferdinand Kluge, Karl Christian Wolfart, Karl Schelling, PJustinus Kerner James, Esdaile John Elliotson.
Hola kʊdɔŋ

Hola kʊdɔŋ yaa hola yɔɔ kpaʊʊ kʊdɔŋ pɩkɛ kpaŋ kʊdɔmɩŋ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ ɖeɖe kɛ ñʊʊ cɔʊʊ kʊdɔŋ ɛlɛ kʊdɔŋ tʊ ɛnʊ ɛnaɣ ɛ-maɣmaɣ mbʊ pɩkɛna-ɩ yɔ nɛ ɛlakɩ kʊñɔŋ yɔ. Kɛlɛ pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛtɛkɛ kpaŋ keekee mbʊ pʊyɔɔ kpaŋ tʊ maɣmaɣ lɛ ɛɛnaɣ mbʊ ɛlakɩ.

Tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩlɩna tɔmʊʊ neurosis ɛlɛ fɛɖʊ Ekɔsɩ tʊ William Cullen lubina-ɖɩ pɩnaɣ 1769. Ɖɩlɩna krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa mbʊ se neuron pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se hola nɛ pɔsɔzɩ pʊyɔɔ kɔzɔzaɣ ose ɛlɛ ñalɩna ôsis nɛ pɩwɩlɩɣ se pɩkɛ kʊdɔmɩŋ weyi ɛtɛkɛ ñɩŋaanzɩ ñɩŋ yɔ. Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1785 lɛ Philippe Pinel ɖʊ-tʊ Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa. Pɩ-tɛ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ tɔmʊʊ kɩwɩlaɣ se pɩɩkɛ kʊdɔmɩŋ kpeekpe weyi ɛlɩna hola cɔlɔ nɛ paanaɣ kɩcɩkpʊʊ nakʊyʊ tomnaɣ yɔɔ yɔ.

Pɩkpaɣʊ nɛ nananza tɛ ɖanɩɣ wiluu takʊʊ nɛ natʊ nɛ wɩlɩtʊ takayaɣ taa pɩcɛlɩna kpaŋ kʊddɔŋ yɔɔ (DSM-IV) lɛ, tɔmpiye nɖɩ APA kizi-ɖɩ se pɩsa nɛ papazɩ pɛcɛ-ɩ pa-tɩ nɛ patɩlɩ mbʊ keekee patɩlɩna paa kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ lɛ nɛ pañɩnɩ kʊkɔyɛ hayʊʊ. 

Pɩkɔma kpaɣɖʊ 17 alɩwaatʊ lɛ, Ekɔsɩ fɛɖʊ William Cullen lɛɦ lɩzɩɣ hala kʊdɔŋ tɔbʊʊ nɛ ɛtɔŋ se mamaɣzɩɣ se ɖɩnɩɩ se pɩkɛ hola yɔɔ kpaʊʊ kʊdɔmɩŋ, pɩkɛ kpeekpe mbʊ pɩtɛkɛ sɔɔlɩm yɔɔ laɣsɩ yaa tomnaɣ miŋ saʊʊ, pɩtɛkɛ kʊdɔŋ kʊ-hɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊ.
Ɛyʊ nandʊ taa hʊmʊm

Ɛyʊ nanddʊ taa hʊnʊm yaa yɔɔ kpaʊʊ, tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩlɩna latɛŋ taa mbʊ se pulsio (tuzuu laɣsɩ, pellere, pulsum). Tɔmpiye nɖɩ Caama kʊnʊŋ taa palɩzɩna-ɖɩ Trieb, Freud labɩna nɛ tʊmʊʊ ŋgʊ tʊmɩyɛ se ɛkpaɣ lɩmaɣza naayɛ maɣzɩm taa wiluu tʊmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ yɔɔ. 

Laplanche nɛ Pontalis pɔ-cɔlɔ lɛ, tɔmʊʊ Trieb wɛʊʊ yɔ Freud takayasɩ taa yeke pana-tʊ pɩnaɣ 1905. Leleŋ laɣsɩ kɛ wɛtʊ natʊyʊ tɩlɩna ñʊʊ taa maɣzɩm cɔlɔ. 

Ɛzɩ kpeekpe ɖɔŋɩɣ ɛyʊ ñʊʊ taa yɔ, wɛna tɔbʊʊ nɩɣ se pʊlʊkɩna mbʊ ɛyʊ tɔsɔɔlɩ yɔ nɛ tɩ ceyʊʊ wɛɛ se sɔɔlɩm ɛkɩlɩna. Pana yekina nɛ mbʊ ɛyʊ tɔsɔɔlɩ yɔ sʊʊ mbʊ lɛ leleŋ hʊzʊʊ pana, ŋgʊ leleŋ laɣsɩ kɛ tɔsʊʊ pɩyʊ, (Jean Laplanche nɛ Jean-Bertrand Pontalis pɩnaɣ 1967).
Maɣzɩm kɔɔ labɩtʊ tʊmɩyɛ

Maɣzɩm kɔɔ labɩtʊ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ (/psi.ko.te.ʁa.pi/) pɩkɛ fɛbɩtʊ natɩyʊ yaa kɔɔ labɩtʊ natʊyʊ pɩtɩŋna ɛyʊ weyi ɛsɩma pɩtɩŋna kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-yɔɔ yɔ, kɛ ɛyʊ lɛɛlʊ yaa ɛyaa nabayɛ mba palakɩ maɣzɩm taa kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ nɛ kɩñɔŋ yɔ, ɛlɛ nabʊyʊ taa lɛ pɔsɔzʊʊ kɔɔ lɛɛna ɛzɩ anasaayɩ kɔɔ mbʊ yɔ ŋkpaɣ ŋɖɛɛ. Ɛcɔŋna kʊdɔndɩnaa yɔɔ (piyaa yaa ɛyaa sʊtɩyaa), pɩtɩŋna ɛyʊ tɛ kʊdɔŋ ɖoŋ yɔɔ, nɛ ɛzɩma pʊwɛɛ se ɛɖʊ nesi pɩ-tɛ ɛyʊ yɔɔ yɔ, kɔɔ labɩtʊ ɖɔ sakɩyɛ nɛ laɣsɩ wɛɛ ndɩ ɖɔɖɔ pɩlɩna wɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ yɔɔ nɛ halɩ nabʊyʊ taa pɩcaɣ kaɖɛ piŋ. 

Nabʊyʊ taa pɩlɩna kʊdɔŋ tʊ nɛ kɔɔ laɖʊ pɔyɔɔdɩtʊ cɔlɔ pɩcɛlɩna ɛzɩma panɩɣna ɖama pɩlɩna kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩwɩɣ-ɩ kɩ-yɔɔ. Kɛlɛ mbʊ lɛ ɛyʊ weyi ɛzɩma pʊ-tʊmɩyɛ paɣeɩ-ɩ tʊmɩyɛ labʊ, nabʊyʊ lɩmaɣza cɔlɔ, yaa cɔɔcɩ ɛsɔ sɛtʊ cɔlɔ. 

Maɣzɩm kɔɔ labɩtʊ tʊmɩyɛ tɔmpiye lɩna krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ lila taa mbʊ se θεραπεία, therapeía (pʊ-tɔbʊʊ kɔɔ wazʊʊ) nɛ ψυχή, psykhê (pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se kalɩzaɣ, fezuu) nɛ matʊ paɣtʊ taa lɛ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se maɣzɩm kɔɔ fɛbɩtʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ.

Alɩwaatʊ kɩfatʊ tʊ nɛ tɛ tɔbʊʊ nɩɣ lɩna kpaŋ kʊdɔmɩŋ wazʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ ɛkɛ Ɛŋglɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ tʊ nɛ paya-ɩ se Walter Cooper Dendy, ɛnʊ lɩza nɛ tɔmpiye psychotherapeia pɩnaɣ 1853. Maɣzɩm kɔɔ labɩnaʊ tʊmɩyɛ tɔmpiye wɛʊʊ yɔ Hippolyte Bernheim lubina-ɖɩ, ɛnʊ kaakɛna Nancii sukuli ñʊʊ tʊ ɛnʊ kaasuzina takayaɣ nakayɛ tɔm ŋga payaa se Hypnotisme, suggestion, psychothérapie  kɛ pɩnaɣ 1891. Ŋgʊ ɖɩcɔna kɔyɔ tɔmpiye maɣzɩm kɔɔ labɩtʊ ñɔɔ Caama ɛjaɖɛ kɛ kpaɣɖʊ 19 kɛnɛ.
Serge Perathoner

Serge Perathoner kɛna Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tʊ nɛ palʊla-ɩ mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 27 wiye pɩnaɣ 1953. Ɛkɛna wendu luɖu nɛ ti-teyu, soo mabʊ taa lɛ ɛkɛ nesi ;ɖɩdamɩyɛ tʊ, ɛñɔɔzʊʊ nɛ eɖiyu wendu teya lalaa. Ɛlaba tʊma nɛ wendu teya sɔsaɣa ɛzɩ: Yves Simon, Michel Berger, Luc Plamondon, France Gall, Johnny Hallyday, Sylvie Vartan, Céline Dion…Ɛñɔɔzʊʊ mba palakɩ amʊza nɛ tanaʊ yaa films cinéma et télévision yɔ, ɛzɩ Starmania nɛ Notre-Dame de Paris ɛnʊ sɩŋnana-wɛ pɛ-tɛ Hendu ñɔɔzʊʊ taa. Serge Perathner laba e-sukuli kɛ Paarii tɛtʊ taa ɖenɖe pawɩlʊ nesi tɛɛ tʊma, amʊʊza nɛ hendu teu yɔ. Peeɖe lɛ ɛkpɛlɩka piyano, eluki wendu nɛ ɛmaɣ-tʊ nɛ ɛñɔɔzʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ wendu ndʊ tɩɩwɛɛ yɔ nɛ ɛɖaanʊʊ-tʊ teu. Ɛna mba peteɣ hendu yɔ pɔɖɔɔ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ nɛ pa-taa kɔyɔ: France Gall, Michel Berger, Johnny Hallyday, Sylvie Vartan, Jane Birkin, Gérard Manset… Céline Dion nɛ France Gall palɩza hendu lɛ, ɛnʊ ñɔɔzɩna-wɛ tʊ.
Serge Lancen

Serge Lancen kɛna Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tʊ n ɛ ɛmakɩ piyano nɛ ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ wendu luɖu yaa tɩ-mayʊ. Palʊla-ɩ Paarii tɛtʊ taa kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ kagbaanzɩ ñɩŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1922 nɛ ɛsɩ Paarii peɖe hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ hiu wiye pɩnaɣ 2005 ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 83. Palʊla Serge Lancen kɛ hɔʊ nakʊyʊ taa nɛ kpaɣna cɔzɔnaa nɛ pɩɖɛɛ sɛyɩnaa kɛ mbʊ yɔ, ɖakʊtanaa yeke lɩʊ na. Ɖooo ɛ-pɩcatʊ taa kɛ ɛpaɣza piyano welesuu e-ɖoo cɔlɔ nɛ pʊcʊɖɩ-ɩ pɩŋŋŋ. Piyebina nɛ Serge paɣzɩ piyano kpɛlɛkʊʊ lɔŋ nɛ eeyeki e-ɖoo piyano tʊkʊnaʊ. Ɛɛsɔɔla wendu ndʊ wezŋgalɩya teu-tʊ radiyonaa taa yɔ kɛ welesuu. 

Ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ kagbaanzɩ lɛ eluba hendu ndu papɩzʊʊ pepeɣzina pɩɣa nɛ koɖoo yɔ. Ɛzɩma Serge kaakɛ pɩɣa ɛcam kɛ yem lɛ, e-ɖoo lʊʊ hendu ndʊ nɛ ɛsɩɩ. Ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 15 lɛ eluuba hendu sakɩyɛ nɛ ɛla pɩ-tɛ amʊʊzɛ Lɔndrii tɛtʊ taa. Palʊla Serge Lancen kɛ hɔʊ nakʊyʊ taa nɛ kpaɣna cɔzɔnaa nɛ pɩɖɛɛ sɛyɩnaa kɛ mbʊ yɔ, ɖakʊtanaa yeke lɩʊ na. Ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ kagbaanzɩ lɛ eluba hendu ndu papɩzʊʊ pepeɣzina pɩɣa nɛ koɖoo yɔ. Ɛzɩma Serge kaakɛ pɩɣa ɛcam kɛ yem lɛ, e-ɖoo lʊʊ hendu ndʊ nɛ ɛsɩɩ. Ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 15 lɛ eluuba hendu sakɩyɛ nɛ ɛla pɩ-tɛ amʊʊzɛ Lɔndrii tɛtʊ taa kɛ pɩnaɣ 1937.

Pɩtaapɩzɩ piheyi nɔɔyʊ se Serge Lancen kaɣ mabʊ suye pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛ-taabalʊ weyi ɛna-ɩ palakaaɣ sukuli kɛ tɔsʊʊ sukuli taa yɔ. Ɛ-taabalʊ ɛnʊ payaɣ se Désiré Dondeyne. Ɛlɛ ñaasɔɔla se ɛla amʊʊza nɛ nɛ ɛɛsɔɔla ɖɔɖɔ se ɛnɛ ɛ-taabalaa tiŋga palabɩna-yɛ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ ɛɖʊ-ɩ pɩ-taa nɛ pɩcaŋ pɩlabɩ-ɩ liu. Serge Lancen laba nɔɔ labʊ wendu teu sakɩyɛ kpaɣna pɩnzɩ 1971 taa. Serge nɛ ɛ-halʊ Raphaëlle paakɛ ɛyaa mba paacaɣ tɔm yɔ, pɛwɛ yem yobi, pɔyɔɔdʊʊ teevenim yɔ nɛ pɩɩha-wɛɛ camɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Pʊyɔɔ kɛ paanɩ ɛñaŋgaɣ-wɛ kamaɣ fɛyɩ. Poluba wendu sakɩyɛ ɛsɔ tɔm taa ɖɔɖɔ.
Seɣtiyaɣ

Seɣtiyaɣ, kɛ takʊʊ tɛ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ ɖeɖe, ajɔɔla tʊmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ ɖeɖe nɛ wezuu kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ ɖeɖe, pɩkɛ pʊtʊ nɔɔyʊ weyi palakɩ-ɩ se pehiɣ pana fezuu kpɩnɛ tɛ laɣsɩ yɔ. 

Nɩŋgbaŋʊʊ taa tɛ nɩtʊ taa lɛ ɖɩnaɣ seɣtiyasi sakɩyɛ, nɩŋgbaŋʊʊ nɩʊ, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ yɔɔaɣ nakɛyɛ yeki se ɛyʊ ɛña yɔ, hɔɔlʊʊ lɛɛkʊ lɛ natʊ pɩlɩna ɛsɩyɛ yɔɔ nabʊyʊ taa ɛyʊ naɣ nabʊyʊ kɛlɛm yaa mʊntʊsʊʊ nakʊyʊ, tomnaɣ yɔɔ tukinau nabʊyʊ taa pɩyʊ ɛsɔba-ŋ ŋñaŋ, tomnaɣ taa nɩʊ ɛzɩ soŋaɣ lakʊʊ ɛyʊ yɔ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ mɔɔŋ tɛɛ nɩʊ yee ɛyʊ nɩʊ sɔŋ nɩɩyɛ yaa kpɩnɛ nɩʊ sɔŋ yɔ.

Losuu tɛ seɣtiyaɣ kɛ; alɩwaatʊ ndʊ papɩzɩɣ pala se ɛyʊ ɛpɩzɩ ɛyɔɔdɩ pɩɩtakɛ ɛ-maɣmaɣ e-fetenum cɔlɔ yɔ, kɛlɛ ɛɛpɩzɩ se ɛna mbʊ pɩlaba yɔ. Ajɔɔla tʊmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ ɖeɖe lɛ, papɩzɩɣ polu seɣtiyaɣ (ɛzɩ ɖɩkpaɣ takʊʊ tɛ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ ɖeɖe mbʊ yɔ yaa pɩzɩɣ pɩwɛna pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɖɔɖɔ.
Maɣzɩm fɛyɩ tʊ

Maɣzɩm fɛyɩ, pɩkɛ maɣzɩm taa wiluu tʊmɩyɛ kajalaɣ nɖɛ, nɛ ɖɩ-maɣmaɣ ɖɩɖʊna maɣzɩm tɔm, maɣzɩm fɛyɩ kɛ mbʊ paasɩŋ maɣzɩm cɔlɔ yɔ. Kajalaɣ ɖoli ɖoli tʊmɩyɛ labʊ kɔyɛ tɛ nɖɩ Sigmund Freud laba yɔ ɖɩ-taa lɛ, tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩwɩlɩɣ se pɩkɛ maɣzɩm taa tɔmɩŋ nɩɩtozo (maɣzɩm fɛyɩ kɛ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe, nabʊlɛ mbʊ pɩɩwɛɛ pʊcɔ maɣzɩm yɔ, nabutozo lɛ maɣzɩm tɩtɩŋa) ŋgʊ ɖoli ɖoli tʊmɩyɛ labʊ kɔyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ naalɛ ŋgʊ taa lɛ pɩkɛ pɩyʊ yem, pɩkɛ ɖɔɖɔ ma nɛ mbʊ pɩkpaɖa ma yɔ. Jacques Lacan cɔlɔ lɛ, maɣzɩm fɛyɩ laɣsɩ lɩna ɛyʊ nzʊlɩmɩyɛ cɔlɔ kɛnɛ.

Maɣzɩm taa wiluu tʊmɩyɛ tɛ lɛ, maɣzɩm fɛyɩ kɛna ɛyʊ wɛtʊ yaa laɣsɩ, e-fezuu caɣʊʊ wɛtʊ naa, pɩkɛna mbʊ ɛyɩ liu sɔɔlʊʊ yɔ yaa ɛmaɣzʊʊ yɔ. Tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-yɔɔ laba ndɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ piŋ kɛ tʊma lɛɛna paɣtʊ taa ɛzɩ ɖɩkpaɣ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ cɔlɔ mbʊ yɔ nɛ hola wondu tʊmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ mbʊ yɔ.
Kajalaɣ tɔmʊʊ kɩ-tɛ nɩtʊ ɛzɩ pʊwɩlɩ se pɩkɛ lɩmaɣza fɛyɩ yaa lɩmaɣza lebitu yɔ kaalɩna Ɛŋglɩsɩ kʊnʊŋ taa kɛnɛ. Ɖɩlɩna tɔm hʊyʊ nɔɔyʊ ɛkɛ Ɛŋglɩsɩ tʊ, ɛnʊ payaɣ se Henry Home Kames, pɩnaɣ 1751. Pʊwayɩ yɔ Suwiisi takayasɩ mayʊ nɔɔyʊ ɖʊ-tʊ Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa, Henri-Frédéric Amiel kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1860 cɔlɔ mbʊ yɔ.
 
Pɩkɔma kpaɣɖʊ 19 alɩwaatʊ lɛ, pɩtɩŋna Schelling nɛ Arthur Schopenhauer pɔ-yɔɔ lɛ pana kpaŋ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ kɛ ɛyʊ kalɩzaɣ taa nɛ kɩɩlakɩ mbʊ pʊwɛ ɖeu yɔ, Von Hartmann susi pɩnaɣ 1868 kɛ lɩmaɣza fɛyɩ tɛ ɛyʊ yɔɔ maɣzɩm tɔm. Pɩ-tɛ kpaɣɖʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa kɛ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ lɔŋ, kɔɔ ñɩnɩyɛ nɛ ajɔɔla tʊmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ lɩ piŋ, pɩtɩŋna Johan Friedrich Herbart, Hermann von Helmholtz, Gustav Fechner, Wilhelm Wundt yaa Carl Gustav Carus, mba kɛna kajalaɣ ɛyaa mba palɩzɩ kʊzʊʊ wazaɣ tɔm ɛyʊ maɣzɩm taa.
Maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkɩyʊ

Maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkɩyʊ yaa maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ ɛkɛ ɛyʊ weyi ɛmʊ niiye maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ taa yɔ, pɩkɛ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩpaɣlɩ piŋ nɛ ɖɩtɛ ɖɩwalɩ yɔ. Ɛyʊ ɛnɛ yɔ ɛlakɩ tʊmɩyɛ ɛyʊ lɛɛlʊ fetenum yɔɔ pɩkɛ-ɩ lɛɣtʊ tʊmɩyɛ, nɛ ɛñɩnɩɣ ɛyʊ maɣzɩm tɔm hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa, ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ ɛtɩlɩ-ɩ ɛ-wɛtʊ nɛ ɛ-ɛyʊtʊ nɛ ɛ nɛ ɛyaa pɛ-wɛtʊ nɛ ɖama. 

Ɛlakɩ tʊmɩyɛ cala yɔɔ nɛ wola yɔɔ pɩlɩna ɛ-tɛ sɔɔlɩm yɔɔ pɩcɛlɩna maɣzɩm lɩzɩtʊ ndɩ ndɩ yɔɔ ndʊ tɩwokina nɛ pʊ-tʊmɩyɛ yɔɔ kiŋ yɔ, hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ yɔɔ kɛ ɛyʊ fezuu caɣʊʊ yɔɔ (ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ, alaafɩya, kɔɔ labɩtʊ ɛyaa, tɔm hʊtʊ, tʊma, ahelesa nɛ ŋkpaɣ mbʊ nɖɛ). 	
Pasɩma maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ pakandɩɣ ɖɩ-yɔɔ kpaɣ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1985. 

Pɩlɩna lona wena a-taa palakɩ tʊmɩyɛ yɔ lɛ, maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkɩyaa pɩzɩɣ palakɩ lona ndɩ ndɩ taa kɛ tʊma, potukina ɛyaa tɩŋa kpaɣ piyaa, evebupiyaa, ɛyaa sɔsaa, akpadɩyaa, hɔŋ, nesi tɛɛ tʊma sɔsɔna tɩnaa, kʊñɔntɩnaa nɛ ŋkpaɣ mbʊ nɖɛ, potukuna ɛyaa kʊyʊm kʊyʊm yaa pekpeɣliɣ-wɛ com com.
Kɩmaɣzɩnaʊ

Maɣzɩm kiɖe yaa kɩmaɣzɩnaʊ, pɩkɛ tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩlɩna maɣzɩm taa takʊʊ tʊma ndɩ ndɩ cɔlɔ yɔ, Carl Gustav Jung ɛkɛ Suwisi tʊ nɛ ɛkɛ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkɩyʊ kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1875 ŋtalɩ 1961) lubina tɔmʊʊ ngʊ.

Maɣzɩm kiɖe tɔm taa wɛ pɔpɔtʊ, tɩwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɖoza tɩyɛ, ndʊ tɩna sɔnzɩ paɣtʊ nɛ ɛyʊ maɣzɩm tɔm nɛ puwokina nɛ ɛyʊ nɛ ɛ-paɣlaka yɔɔ kɛlɛ pɩpɩsɩ-ɩ ɛ-ɛyʊtʊ mbʊ Jung tɔŋ ɛ-tɛ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkɩtʊ tʊmɩyɛ labʊ taa.  

Krɛkɩ kɩbɩnʊʊ taa lɛ αρχέτυπον arkhêtupon pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se kiɖe tɛɛ laɣsɩ, kɛlɛ pʊsʊʊ yɔɔdasɩ kɩfasɩ taa pɩtɩŋna latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ yɔɔ archetypum yaa pʊ-tɔbʊʊ keekee tʊ mbʊ pɩkɛ pɩyʊ keem yɔ. 

Murray Stein yɔɔdʊʊ maɣzɩm taa wiluu tʊmɩyɛ tɔm kpou takayaɣ (pɩnaɣ 2005 ñɩŋa taa) nɛ ɛtɔŋ se kuɖum taa Jung lɩmaɣzɩyɛ pɩlɩna kɩmaɣzɩnaʊ tɔm yɔɔ se kajalaɣ wonuu tʊmɩyɛ paɣtʊ kɛna se kɩñɔɔzɩ nɛ kɩcɔlɩ maɣzɩm nɛ pɩkpɛndɩna laɣsɩ ndɩ ndɩ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ ɛ-paɣlaka alɩwaatʊ.
Kinaŋ acɛyɛ

Kinaŋ acɛɣɛ, Caama kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, Ödipuskomplex, pɩkɛ tɔm keem natʊyʊ maɣzɩm taa wiluu tʊmɩyɛ ɖeɖe. Sigmund Freud lɩzɩna-tʊ kɛ ɛ-kajalaɣ hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɛ tɛ tʊmɩyɛ labɩtʊ kɔɔ ɖeɖe, pɩkɛ maɣzɩm fɛyɩ tɛ kʊzʊʊ tɔm mbʊ se ɛyʊ nɛ ɛ-caa yaa e-ɖoo pasʊʊ yɔ (kinaŋ acɛɣɛ nɛ pɩlakɩ pʊ-tʊ ɛzɩ ɛɛkʊ ɛ-caa weyi ɛyaɣ-ɩ se ɛpaɖaa yɔ. Roger Perron cɔlɔ lɛ, siduu siduu tɛ kinaŋ kʊzʊʊ yɔ pɩkɛ kpeekpe cɩkpɛndʊʊ tɛɛ laɣsɩ nɛ ɛyaa ɖɩcɔna kɔyɔ pɛkɛ caa yaa ɖoo, kɛlɛ pʊhɔŋ. Kɛlɛ Freud cɔlɔ lɛ, yee abalɩpɩɣa ñʊʊ taa ɛfɛyɩ nɛ ɛsɔɔlɩ se ɛsʊʊna e-ɖoo nɛ ɛsɔɔlʊʊ kʊʊ ɛ-caa kɔyɔ ɛkɛ kiŋaŋ tɛ acɛɣɛ ɛyʊ. 

Siduu siduu kʊzʊʊ tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩkɔna ndɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ sakɩyɛ hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa kɔzɩ kɔzɩ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ ɖeɖe ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ tʊma pilinzi hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɛ taa. Kɛlɛ tɔmpee naalɛ yɔɔ keekee kɛ pañɩɣ nesi, kajalaɣ lɛ palaba ndɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ pɩlɩna mbʊ peyeba nɛ tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwalɩ yɔ ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe taa nɛ naalɛ nɖɩ lɛ, ɛzɩ peyeba nɛ pekiziɣ-ɖɩ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ.

Roger Perron cɔlɔ lɛ paya mbʊ se siduu siduu kʊzʊʊ yɔ tɔm ndʊ tɩɩwɛ ɖooo lɔŋ. Lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩɩtɛma wɛʊʊ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ palakaɣ tʊmɩyɛ ñʊʊ taa cɔʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ pɩnaɣ 1895 yɔ peeɖe Freud ñɩnaa nɛ ɛna ñʊʊ taa cɔʊʊ kʊdɔŋ ɖɩlɩyɛ, peeɖe ɛñɩɣ niiye ɛzɩma piseɣtiɣ pɩɣa kʊzʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ pɩtɩŋna ɛzɩma ka-caa wɛɛ yɔ. 

Siduu siduu tɔm ndʊ tɩwɛʊ mbʊ yɔ tɩwɛ pɩɣa cɔlɔ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ kaɖɩna palʊʊ yɔ, mbʊ tɩna maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ ɖoŋ. Mbʊ Freud cɔnɩna nɛ ɛsɛ nɛ ɛna nɛ pɩtɩŋna takʊʊ nɛ wiluu tʊmɩyɛ yɔɔ pɩcɛlɩna ɛyʊ sɔsɔ nɛ ɛtɔŋ se kajalaɣ lɛ pɩɣa kisiɣna kɔ-yɔɔ cɔnɩyaa yɔɔ nɛ ŋcɔna kɔyɔ pɛ-tɛ ɖama nɩnaʊ taa lɛ, kʊzʊʊ tɔm eekiziɣ wɛʊ kɛlɛ piwokina-ɩ nɛ ɛ-ñɩma yɔɔ kiŋ.
Fitenum pɔɔɖɛ

Fitenum pɔɔɖɛ, pɩkɛ lɩm kpʊzɩyɛɛ mbʊ pɩwɛ kpɛyɛɛ fitenum nɔsɩ yɔɔ yɔ. Ɖɩcɔna pɩ-taa kɔyɔ pɩwɛ lɩm nabʊtozo, halɩ tam loɖo nɛ pʊpʊ taa wɛɛ hola kuludasi.  

Ɖooo hayi Canaʊ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, paakpaɣ fitenum ɛzɩ pʊyʊ mbʊ pʊ-tɔm wɛ kɩjɛyɩɣ pazɩ yɔ ɛyʊ tomnaɣ taa. Egipiti ɛyaa taakpaɣ pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛzɩ pɩyʊ kɛ pɛ-tɛ pawɩsɩ pa-sɩɖaa yɔ, ɛlɛ paa mbʊ yɔ Edwin Smith lɩzɩɣ tɔbʊʊ nɛ panɩɩ heŋ kʊdɔmɩŋ nɛ ɛnɛm pɛ-tɛ kazʊwa. Ɛyʊ maɣzɩm kpeekpe nɛ ɛ-sɔɔlɩm laɣsɩ tɩŋa kaawɛ ɛyʊ hɔyɛ taa, ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ yɔ pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ. Pɩkɔma kpaɣɖʊ 5 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesuu Krɩstʊ pɩtɩŋna Alcmanéon takʊʊ nɛ wiluu tʊma yɔɔ lɛ papɩza pana ɛsɩyɛ lone ɛyʊ ñʊʊ taa. 

Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ keekee canaʊ ɛyaa tɩla ñʊʊ pɔɔɖɛ paasɩŋ-tʊ camɩyɛ, kɛlɛ Galien, ɛlɛ ñaakɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ sɔsɔ kpaɣɖʊ 2 alɩwaatʊ, ñaasɩma-tʊ. Kɛlɛ ɛmaɣzɩ pɩlɩna Hérophile ñazɩtʊ yɔɔ mbʊ se maɣzɩm ɖɩcaɣyɛ keekee fitenum ñamɩyɛ loyaɣ taa, lɩm kʊhʊlʊmʊm nɛ kpʊzɩyɛɛ ñɩmbʊ ñaɖaŋɩɣna pa nɛ ɛnʊ yɔ pɔ-yɔɔ. Lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩle kpaɣ Hɛkʊ Alɩwaatʊ tɩŋa taa. 

Pɩlɩna matʊ paɣtʊ ɛsɩnda wobinau yɔɔ lɛ pana se ñʊʊ pɔɔɖɛ kpaɣ alɩwaatʊ piŋ ɖooo ɛzɩ tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩlɩɣ yɔ kɛ cɔzɔ naa cɔlɔ.
Stendhal

Palʊla Henri Beyle kɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyuakʊ 23 wiye pɩnaɣ 1783 kɛ Kreznoblii tɛtʊ taa Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɖɔɖɔ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 59.Ɛ-hɩɖɛ kɩsɛsɛyɛ kɛlɛ Stendhal. Ɛkɛ ñʊʊda maɣzɩm takayɩsɩ mayʊ nɛ nzɩ pakɩlina-ɩ sɩm yɔ nzɩ lɛ Sɛmɩŋ nɛ Kpɛdɩŋ (Le Rouge et le Noir ) nɛ La Chartreuse de Parme. Ɛtaasɔɔlɩ ɛ-caa pɩtalɩ e-ɖoo ɛlɛ ɛlɛ ñasɩbɩna nɛ eyele-i nɛ ɛ-caa nɛ ɛ-cɔzɔ weyi ɛna-ɩ paasɔɔla ɖama camɩyɛ yɔ. Payaɣ ɛ-caa se Beyle nɛ e-ɖoo hɩɖɛ yɔ Henriette Gagnon. E-ɖoo sɩba kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 23 pɩnaɣ 1790 nɛ pɩtɛ alɩwaatʊ lɛ Henri Beyle yaa Stendal  kaawɛna pɩnzɩ lʊbɛ yeke.

E-efebutu taa kɛ ɛ-ɖɛdʊ, Daru, heyi-i se ɛsʊʊ sɔɔjɛtʊ nɛ pɩla mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ. Agoza fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 1800 taa powona-ɩ Milaŋ se ɛla you. Pɩnaɣ 1819 taa ɛma takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ nakayɩ, De l'amour, pɩlɩɩna sɔɔlɩm mbʊ pɩɩwɛ ɛna Matilde Dembowski yɔɔ pʊ-yɔɔ. Ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 40 lɛ ɛcɛla ɛ-tɩɩ camɩyɛ maɣzɩm takayɩsɩ kɩkalasɩ maʊ. 

Ɛma takayɩsɩ nzi yɔ sɩ ɖɔɖɔ kamaɣ fɛyɩ nɛ sɩ-taa kɔyɔ: Armance, Le Rouge et le Noir, Souvenir d'égotisme, Vie de Henry Brulard, Lucien Leuwen, Lamiel, La Chartreuse de Parme.  Ɛsɩba lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 23 pɩnaɣ 1842 kɛ Paarii tɛtʊ taa, Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 59.
Laŋgbɛzɩyɛ

Laŋgbɛzɩyɛ, ɖɔɖɔ payaɣ se nɖɩ wɛtʊ, mɛwɛ meɖeke lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tʊ yaa laŋgbɛzɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ, pɩkɛ ɛyʊ ñʊʊ taa kiyii tɔm yaa laŋɩyɛ pɩsʊ tɔm nɛ pɩ-tɛ alɩwaatʊ nɖʊ tɩ-taa lɛ ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛwɛ hɛɛɛ ɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ ɛfɛyɩ ɛyaa taa yɔ nɛ ɛtaafɛyɩ leleŋ ɛ-tʊma taa ɛzɩ ɛtɩɩ wɛʊ yɔ.  

Laŋgbɛzɩyɛ kɛ ɛjandʊ tɔm nɛ nabʊyʊ taa pɩlɩna ɖom, tɔɔnaɣ nɛ alaafɩya yɔɔ kɛlɛ pɩwɛɛ kaɖɛ piŋ nɛ hali pɩ-tɛ ɛyʊ pɩzʊʊ se ɛkʊ ɛ-tɩ (kɔzɩ kɔzɩ kʊñɔŋ ɛsɛñɩŋɩyɛ alɩwaatʊ). Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, pɩlɩna laŋgbɛzɩyɛ yɔɔ ɛyaa mba pakʊ pa-tɩ yɔ talɩ 3,4 kɛ mɩnʊʊ yɔɔ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ mɩnʊʊ yɔɔ lɛ ɛyaa 60 kʊ pa-tɩ pɩlɩna laŋgbɛzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-yɔɔ yaa lɩmaɣza lɛɛna yɔɔ pɩlɩna mbʊ ɛyʊ fɛyɩ ɛ-tɩ yɔɔ yɔ. Ɛyaa mba pɛwɛ cɛyɩtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa yɔ pe-fezuu caɣʊ eeleɖiɣ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɛfɛyɩ ɛzɩ ɛyaa lalaa yɔ, kʊdɔmɩŋ lɛɛŋ ñakpaɣ-wɛ yem yem ɖɔɖɔ lɛ pa-maɣmaɣ pakʊ pa-tɩ. Kʊdɔntɩnaa mba ɖɔɖɔ pɩtɩɩ wɛʊʊ nɛ halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ pesekiɣ-wɛ mɔɔŋ. 

Kʊdɔŋ tɩnaa mba palakɩ-wɛ kɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ, nabʊyʊ taa maɣzɩm tʊmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkɩyaa lakɩ-wɛ maɣzɩm taa kʊdɔmɩŋ kɔɔ. Pɛ-tɛ sɩɣ kɛ fɛɖaa tɛ wɛ kɩjɛyɩɣ piŋ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pakandʊʊ pɔ-yɔɔ nɛ pataa kʊ pa-tɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ pɩɖaŋɩɣ pa-ɖɩcaɣyɛ taa ɛyaa yɔɔ. 

Ɖɩkpaɣ kpaɣɖɩŋ sakɩyɛ tɛm ɖʊ yɔ natʊ yaa ɛsɩyɛ egbena tɔm kɔyɔ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kʊ-tɔm paɣla kpem nɛ pɩcaɣ ndɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ. Pekpeɣ kɩlɩna ɖenɖenaa sakɩyɛ, kɛlɛ pɔtɔŋ pɩlɩna nabʊyʊ taa fezuu kpɛlɛkʊʊ cɔlɔ, maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ cɔlɔ nɛ ɛyaa cɔlɔ maɣzɩm yaa ɛjaɖɛ taa wɛtʊ naa cɔlɔ. Ɖɩcɔna ɖɔɖɔ kɔyɔ ɖɩnaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se nabʊyʊ kɔɔ kpaɣʊ kadatayaɣ nɛ sʊlʊm ɖoŋ ñɩmbʊ nabʊyʊ naa kɔŋna tɩlɩsɩ nzɩ.
Pana

Liu tɛɛ tomiye tam yaa hɔyɛ kuluu yaa pana (Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ paɣzɩyɛ, ɖɩlɩna latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa emovere pʊ-tɔbʊʊ ciŋisuu) pɩkɛ ajɔɔla tʊmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ walaa nɛ ɖɩpaɣlɩ ɖɔɖɔ siŋ (ɖɩpaɣzɩ tuda nɛ ɖɩɩɖaɣlʊʊ) pɩlɩna ɛyʊ nɔɔyʊ. Ɛyʊ tɛ lɛ ɛ-lɩmaɣza ciituu taa pɔza ajɔɔla kpɛlɛkʊʊ paɣtʊ, maɣzɩm yɔɔdɩyʊ nɛ maɣzɩm maɣmaɣ.  

René Descartes kaakɛna kajalaɣ tʊmɩyɛ laɖʊ pɩlɩna hɔyɛpɩsɩyɛ yɔɔ ɛɛkɛ ɛyʊ yɔɔ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ. Ɛ-kajalaɣ tʊmɩyɛ pɩlɩna ciyam kʊñɔŋ yɔɔ lɛ, Descartes pɩza ɛlɩzɩ laŋmayɛ hɔɔlɩŋ loɖo ɛnʊ yɔ kajalaɣ lɛ, samtʊ, naalɛ lɛ sɔɔlɩm, naatozo pana nananza lɛ cʊɖʊʊ kagbanzɩ taa lɛ leleŋ nɛ loɖo lɛ niikaɣ sʊtʊ nɛ lalaa naa tɩŋa lɩna pɩ-taa lɛɛtʊ naa cɔlɔ.

Hɔpɩsɩyɛ kɛ maɣzɩm taa laɣsɩ nasɩyɛ pɩcɛlɩna wɛtʊ natʊyʊ yɔɔ. Pɩpaɣzɩna ɛyʊ taa nɛ pɩcɔ pɩlɩna awayi pʊ-tɔbʊʊ ɛyʊ lɩmaɣza taa pɩwɛʊ nɛ pɩcɔ ɛla mbʊ ɛlakɩ yɔ. Pɩlɩna nabʊyʊ yɔɔ nɛ ɛyʊ pana seɣ pɩlɩna mbʊ ɛnaɣ ɛsɩndaa yɔ.

Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ tɔmɩŋ sakɩyɛ tɔbɩŋ lɩzɩɣ caʊʊ kaɖɛ piŋ nɛ pɩkɔŋna ntɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ piŋ ñɩnɩyɛ hɛkɩŋ taa yɔ mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ laŋpɩsɩyɛ tɔbʊʊ lɩzɩ labɩ kaɖɛ siŋ.
Milgram lɛɣtʊ tɔm

Milgram lɛɣtʊ tɔm pɩkɛ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkɩtʊ ndʊ palaba-tʊ kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1960 nɛ 1963 hɛkʊ taa yɔ pɩtɩŋna Amerika maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ Stanley Milgram yɔɔ. Lɩmaɣzɩyɛ ɖɩ-tʊmɩyɛ kaakɛ kpem pana ɛyʊ tɛ tɩ luzuu ɛ-kɩkpaɖʊ tɛɛ kamaɣ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ ɛyʊ weyi ɛkɛ kaɖɩka yaa paɣtʊ tɛ ɛyʊ yɔ.

Pɩnaɣ yaa alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa palaba maɣzɩm kaawɛ kɩjɛyɩɣ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɩkɔma nɛ ɛsɩndaa lɛ kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1967 nɛ 1968 lɛ, natʊyʊ ñalɩna hɔɔlʊʊ mbʊ ɛyaa ɛkpa pa-tɩ nɛ kaɖɩsɩ nzɩ. Nɔmɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa mbʊ pehiwa yɔ kɔna kɔkɔɖɛ piŋ ɛyaa cɔlɔ, paɣtʊ ndʊ paakpana ñɔkɔna ntɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ piŋ nɛ yɔɔdɩtʊ ndɩ ndɩ kɛ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkɩyaa nɛ ɛyʊ yɔɔ lɩmaɣza labʊ lɛɣtʊ tɩnaa sakɩyɛ. 

Yale sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ New Haven taa yɔ yɔɔdaɣ takayaɣ kusuzaɣ nakayɛ taa mbʊ se peliu wɛɛ pehiɣ lɔŋ pɩlɩna tʊmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ yɔɔ. Pɩ-tɛ nesi ɖʊʊ mbʊ kpakaɣ alɩwaatʊ ɛzɩ cɛjɛyaɣ kʊyʊmaɣ mbʊ yɔ kɛlɛ nɛ pɩpɔzʊʊ se pɛhɛyɩ pɩ-tɛ kɩhɛyʊʊ kɛ tɔɔlaarɩ waa 4, nɛ pɩsɔzɩ 0,5 cts nɔmɔʊ ɖɔnɛ yɔɔ, pɩ-tɛ wɛɛ pɩɩpɩsa kɩhɛyʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ piŋ, kɛlɛ kpɩtaʊ taa kɩhɛyʊʊ pɩnaɣ 1960 pɩsɩ tɔɔlaarɩ waa nɛɛlɛ nɛ kagbanzɩ.  

Agbelenaa sakɩyɛ kaalɩwa ɛlɛ sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ kʊyʊmʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa palaba tʊmɩyɛ Yale. Ɛyaa mba paawɛ pɩ-taa kaakɛ halaa nɛ abalaa mba pa-pɩnzɩ kaasɩna nɛɛlɛ nɛ nɩnɩwa yɔ pe-kpeekpe nɛ pɩkɛ paa anɩ ŋlaba sukuli yaa ŋtala. Tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩɩpɔza ɛyaa naatozo, Kajalaɣ lɛ sukuli pɩɣa, ɛnʊ pʊmʊna se ɛkpɛlɛkɩ nɛ ɛɖɔkɩ tɔm ɛ-ñʊʊ taa. Naalɛ lɛ wɩlɩyʊ ɛnʊ yaɣna tɔmpee sukuli pɩɣa nɛ ewelesiɣ kɛ-tɛ cosuu cɔlɔ, naatozo tʊ kɛlɛ lɛɣtʊ tʊ ɛnʊ lɛɛzɩna kaɖɩka lone taa, esuu tokona waaa kɩwɛ kpʊzɩyɛɛ.
Kpɩnɛ laɣsɩ

Kpɩnɛ laɣsɩ pɩkɛ kɩɖɛzɩtʊ pɩyʊ yaa mbʊ palɩʊlɩna ɛyʊ, nɛ laɣsɩ kpeekpe wɛɛ ɛzɩ kpɩnɛ lakʊ yɔ. Tɩwɛ paa kpɩnɛ nɖɩ lɛ, ɖɩ-cɔlɔ nɛ paa nɖɩ lɛ nɛ ɖɩ-lakasɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Tɩ-kpɛlɛkɩtʊ pɔzɩ lɛɣtʊ sakɩyɛ. Ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ kpɩnɛ wezuu kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɔm (kpɩnɛ ɖɔnɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ nɛ tomnasi liɖe ñɩnʊʊ), maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ, kpaŋ kʊdɔmɩŋ kpɛlɛkʊʊ, ɛyʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ nɛ ɛyʊ yɔɔ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ. 

Ɖɩlɩzɩ kpɩnɛ laɣsɩ tɔbʊʊ, pɩlɩna ɛzɩma sakɩyɛ taa palakɩ tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ yɔ, laɣsɩ nasɩyɛ wɛɛ ɛyʊ taa nɛ sɩkɛ ɖooo kiɖe tɛɛ wɛtʊ e-tomnaɣ taa. Kpɩnɛ laɣsɩ tɛ tɔbʊʊ se ɖooo kiɖe tɛɛ, pɩcɔ lɩzɩɣ kɛlɛ ɛ nɛ mbʊ pɛkpɛlɛkʊʊ yaa pɔsɔzʊʊ yɔ palʊkɩna ɖama ɛyʊ cɔlɔ. 

Lɛɣtʊ tʊmɩyɛ kɛlɛ se pañɩnɩ nɛ patɩlɩ kpɩnɛ wɛtʊ ɖɩ-lone taa, kiɖe tɛɛ tʊma ana Konrad Lorenz  pɩnzɩ 1903 ŋtalɩ 1989, Nikolaas Tinbergen pɩnzɩ 1907 ŋtalɩ 1988 nɛ Karl von Friesch pɩnzɩ 1886 ŋtalɩ 1982 ɛyaa pa nɛ palabɩna tʊma ana kɛ kpaɣɖʊ 20 hɔɔlʊʊ kajalaɣ ŋgʊ taa. Patɩŋga pɛkpɛndɩ mʊʊ Nobel liidiye kɩhɛyʊʊ pɩlɩna ajɔɔla tʊmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1973. 

Pɩkɛ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɖɩnɩɩ se paɖʊ-tʊ tɔm ndʊ ɛyʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ taa yɔ kɛ tɩgbayɩŋ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ tɔm, palaba tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ kɛ kpaɖʊ 20 hɛkʊ hɔɔlʊʊ naalɛ ŋgʊ taa pɩtɩŋna pʊ-tʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa pa nɛ yɔ pɔ-yɔɔ Louis Leakey (1903-1972), Jane Goodall (palʊla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1934), Dian Fossey (1932-1985), Desmond Morris4 (palʊla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1928) nɛ Birutė Galdikas (palʊla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1946).
Ñʊʊ taa lɔŋ

Ñʊʊ taa lɔŋ yaa ñʊʊ taa maɣzɩm pɩkɛ wɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ sakɩyɛ ndʊ tɩwɛɛ yaa tɩfɛyɩ, nɛ pɩsaŋ nɛ ɛyʊ nɩɣ, kpɛlɛkʊʊ yaa ɛmalasɩɣna ɛ-tɩ pɩcɛlɩna wɛtʊ naa kɩfama yɔɔ. Tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɔbʊʊ nɩɣ caɣ kaɖɛ piŋ nɛ hali pɩkɔna ntɔnjɔɔɩyɛ sakɩyɛ ɛyʊ yɔɔ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkɩyaa nɛ lɛɣtʊ tʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa piŋ. 

Kɛlɛ palɩzɩ tɔbʊʊ nɛ ɖɩnɩɣ ɛzɩ pɩkɛ tɩ malɩsɩɣ hɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊ (kpɛlɛkɩtʊ mbʊ ɛzɩ ɛyʊ nɛ ɛ-ɖɩcaɣyɛ pamʊna ɖama yɔ yaa pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ yɔ pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩkɛ ɛjaɖɛ lɛɛzɩtʊ mbʊ pɩpɩzɩ pɩkɛ wazaɣ pɩyʊ ɛyʊ cɔlɔ pɩcɛlɩna ɛ-cɛyɩtʊ yɔɔ). Tɔbʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ nɩɣ taa mbʊ lɛ, ɖɩkpaɣ tɩŋ, kpɩna yaa ɖɔɖɔ anasaayɩ ñɩyɩŋ wondu kɔyɔ ɖɩnaɣ tovonum lɔŋ wɛɛ. 

Tɔmpiye ndɩ ɖɩlɩna latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa intellĕgentĭa, (hɔɔlʊʊ ɖʊʊ, ŋɖeke wɛʊ, nɩɣ, natʊ) nɔɔ yɔɔ tɔmpiye intĕr (hɛkʊ taa, taa wɛʊ) tɔmʊʊ kiɖe lĕgō (kuu, pɔzɩtʊ, lɩzɩɣ). 

Pɩnaɣ 1986 alɩwaatʊ taa maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa cɛza ɛzɩ ɛyaa nɛɛlɛ yɔɔ mbʊ yɔ takɩ kpem se palɩzɩ lɔŋ tɔbʊʊ pawɩ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pa-lɩmaɣza tɛkpɛndɩ. Tɔmpiye nɖɩ patapɩzɩda pehiɣ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ nɩɣ kɛ lɛɣtʊ tɩnaa cɔlɔ. 

Maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa nabɛyɛ ŋgbɛyɛ pɛkɛ ɛtɛlɛm waa kɛ pa-tʊmɩyɛ taa pɩlɩna ɛyʊ lɛɣtʊ yɔɔ, tɔzʊʊ se lɩmaɣzɩyɛ kɩkpɛndʊʊ pɩlɩna tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ nɩɣ yɔɔ pɩsa sɔɔtʊ piŋ lɛɣtʊ tɩnaa, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɩlaba se tɔmʊʊ nakʊyʊ ñɔɔ kɔyɔ kɔ-yɔɔ caɣ ntɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ piŋ nɛ nɩnaʊ fɛyɩ. (Scientific research rarely begins with fully agreed definitions, though it may eventually lead to them).
Abraham Lincoln

Palʊla Abraham Lincoln kɛ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 12 pɩnaɣ 1809 kɛ Hardino egeetiye taa, Kɛntuki tɛtʊ taa nɛ pakʊ-ɩ Wasiŋtɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɖomaɣ fenaɣ 15 pɩnaɣ 1865 ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 56. Ɛɛkɛ ɛyʊ weyi ɛlʊba ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ siŋŋ yɔ nɛ ɛnʊ kɛŋna Etazuni taa wiyau 16 tʊ. Pɔtɔʊ caca peeɖe ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ, palɩzɩ-ɩ se ɛkɛna tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-ñʊʊtʊ yɔ pɩlaba tɔm nabʊlɛ lɛ. Kacalaɣ taa lɛ kamɩŋ fenaɣ 1860 nɛ nabʊlɛ taa lɛ kamɩŋ fenaɣ 1864. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa lɛ, Abraham Lincoln kɛŋna kacalaɣ tʊ weyi pɔtɔ caca nɛ samɣ maɣmaɣ lɩzɩ-ɩ yɔ.  

Eɖii Etaazuni alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa paɣtʊ sɔsɔtʊ kaawɛɛ tʊcɔʊ pɩkpaɣ nɛ pitiki yɔ. Pɩtɛ alɩzaatʊ ñam ñam lakasɩ kaawɛ nɛ sɔɔjanaa kpakʊʊ hɔzɩŋ ɖama yɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ. Abraham Lincoln ñaɣna pana nɛ ɛpɩzɩ ɛhɛzɩ yɔŋ ɩnʊ nɛ ɛkɔna ɖama kpeɣu nɛ ɖama nɩnaʊ. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛpɩza nɛ lanhɛzɩyɛ nɛ ɖiu ɖiu caɣʊ kɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa yɔ kɛ ɛpɩza  nɛ ɛñɩʊ nesi se Etaazuni taapapaɣzɩ ɖɔm paɣtʊ hiu nɛ naatozo ñɩndʊ yɔɔ mbʊ yebina nɛ ɛpɩzɩ ɛɖɩzɩ yomtu.

Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛlʊba kpem nɛ yomaa wɛɛ pa-tɩ yɔɔ yɔ kɛ yoma yaɖaa ɛtɛlɛmwaa nabayɩ laba nɔɔ nɛ pakʊ-ɩ kɩyakɩŋ kagbaanzɩ wayɩ. Piyebina nɛ ɛyapɩzɩ ɛtɛzɩ ɛtɛ alɩwaatʊ kɛ kewiyaɣ yɔɔ, pʊtɔbʊ se ɛkpaɣʊ kewiyaɣ yɔ ɛlaba pɩnzɩ naanza nɛ fenaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ nɛ kɩyakɩŋ 11. Ɛsɩbʊ yɔ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 56. Weyi ɛlɛɣza-ɩ yɔ ɛnʊ lɛ Andrew Johnson nɛ weyi ɛnʊ ñaalɛɣzaa yɔ ɛlɛ lɛ James Buchanan.
Akaŋ kʋnʋŋ

Akaŋ kɛna kawa nɛ haɖa taa kʊnʊŋ nɛ kɩkɛ tano kʊnʊmɩŋ taa kʊnʊŋ cikpeluu nakʊyʊ. Kʊnʊŋ kʊnɛ ɛya ɛzɩ 8,3 miliyɔɔ yɔ yɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ Kana nɛ Kpotidiivʋwari ajɛya taa nɛ mba pɔyɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ  pɩnaɣ 2004 taa yɔ patalʊʊ ɛzɩ 8 314 600 yɔ. Kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi ɛkpɛnda nɛ ɩyɔɔdʊʊ yɔ ɛkpɛnda naalɛ: Twii nɛ Fanti.
Cicéron

Cicéron kɛna Room tɛtʊ taa ɛyʊ nɔɔyʊ nɛ ɛkɛ takayɩsɩ mayʊ. Palʊla-ɩ pʊcɔ nɛ palʊlɩ Yesu nɛ pɩɩkɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naatozo pɩnaɣ 106 kɛ Arpinum tɛtʊ taa Italii ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛzɩ saŋgayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ lʊbɛñɩŋgʊ pɩnaɣ 43. Ɛtaasɔɔlɩ sɔɔjɛtʊ ɛlɛ ɛsɔɔla nɔɔ leleŋ yaa ɖeu yɔɔdaɣ paɣtʊ wɩlɩʊ tʊmɩyɛ mbʊ yebina pɩnaɣ 63 taa palɩzɩ-ɩ tɔm yɔɔ cɔnɩyaa tʊmɩyɛ ñʊʊtʊ.

Ɛlaba tɔm tendiya sukuli nɛ ɛñaɣbana nɛ ɛɖɩzɩ Catilina lʊwaɣ pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ nima wena yɔ. Ɛ-lʊbɩyɛ nɖɩ nɛ ɛ-wabɩtʊ ndʊ tɩɖʊ-ɩ hɩɖɛ camɩyɛ ɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 58 taa lɛpɩpɩsa-ɩ tɔm mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ eyeba nɛ pakʊ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖi-nima lʊya nabayɩ yem nɛ patahʊna-wɛ tɔm se pʊcɔ. Pɩla mbʊ nɛ ese nɛ ɛɖʊ kʊyʊ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. 

Ɛpɩsa ɛkɔɔ Room tɛtʊ taa pɩnaɣ 57 lɛ, pɩɩtasɩɣ-ɩ haʊ waɖɛ se ɛtasɩ komina tʊmɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ naɖɩ labʊ. Pɩtɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Pompée nɛ César pañazaɣna. Alɩwaatʊ nɖʊ you sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ  lɩɩ nɛ samaɣ kpeekpe kpaɣ hɔzɩŋ ɖama yɔɔ. Mbʊ yebina pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩcɛyʊ se ɛna Pompée nɛ César paɖu taabalɩyɛ nɛ pʊcɔ ɛɖʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɛ Octave nɛ ɛna Antoinɛ papɩsɩ haɣ nɛ kozoŋga. Peeɖe pɩlɩna nɛ pakʊyɩ pɩnaɣ 43.
David Livingstone

Palʊla David Livingstone kɛ lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 19 pɩnaɣ 1813 kɛ Platiri tɛtʊ taa, Ekɔsɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛsɩ agoza fenaɣ kacalaɣ wiye pɩnaɣ 1873 kɛ Sambii ɛjaɖɛ traa ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 60. David Livingstone kɛna Ekɔsɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tʊ. Ɛ-tʊma ɖɔɔ: ɛkɛ ɖakʊta, ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ protɛstaŋ ɛsɔtɔm sʊsʊyʊ ajɛya lɛɛna taa ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ ajɛya lɛɛna feŋgiyu yaa takɩyʊ woɖu. 

Ɛ-tʊma ana a-taa ɛsɩna Pritaniki kewiyaɣ nɛ kɛɖɛɛna ɛsɩntaa ɛcɛyɩ ɛtɩ nɛ Afrika nɛ hadɛ kɩŋ hɔɔlʊʊ taa ɛsɔtɔm tɔyɩ, ɛlʊ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ peeɖe ɛyaa sakɩyɛ lɩɩ yomiye taa. 

Ɛɛwɛ mba pefeŋaɣ Afrika keteŋa kpem yɔ nɛ ɛcɛba Afrika ajɛya kɛ fotonaa. Mbʊ sɩŋna tuuɖe ajɛya nɛ papɩzɩ pɛtɛyɩ Afrika ajɛya ɖama yem faaa. Ɛnʊ kɛŋna tuuɖe taa kacalaɣ-tʊ weyi Sambɛɛzɩ pɔɔ sɔsɔɣa yɔ nɛ ɛɛcɛla ɛ-tɩ nɛ ɛñɩnɩɣ se ɛna ɖenɖe pɔɔ ŋga payaɣ se Niili yɔ kalɩna yɔ.

David Linvingstone kaakɛna Pritaniki kewiyaɣ taa sɔdɩŋ sɔsɔŋ kɛ abiɖe nɖɩ payaɣ se Victoria yɔ ɛ-tɛ alɩwaatʊ taa (1837-1901). Ɛ-lɩmaɣza taa kaawɛ se ɛsɩna Afrika mba nɛ paawaa Pritaniki kewiyaɣ ñɩm yɔɔ; mbʊ yebina nɛ ɛkɛ mba paacɛyɩ pa-tɩ se pakpaciyɩ Afrika keteŋa yɔ.
Deng Xiaoping

**Deng Xiaoping** yaa Teng Hiao-Ping yaa Teng Hsiao-Ping kaakɛŋna Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa: dama nɩnaʊ politiki ŋgbɛyɛ takayaɣ mayʊ sɔsɔ. Palʊla-ɩ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 22 pɩnaɣ 1904 nɛ ɛsɩ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ 1997.

Ɛ-tʊma ɖɔɔ: ɛɛkɛ Siini taa weyi ɛcɔŋna sɔɔjana yɔɔ yɔ ɛ-ñʊʊtʊ kpaɣ mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ looɖo pɩnaɣ 1983 nɛ pɩsɩɩna lakɩŋ frnaɣ 19 pɩnaɣ 1990; pɩtɛ alɩwaatʊ kʊɖʊmtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖi-taa lɔnsɩnɖa yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ; pʊwayɩ lɛ ɛnʊ ɖɔɖɔ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɩkpɛndʊ ɖɩ-taa tɔm taa nɩya ñʊʊdʊ naatozo ñɩnʊ kpaɣ lakɩŋ fenaɣ litoozo pɩnɑɣ 1978 nɛ pɩsɩɩna mɩsɩgʊm fenaɣ 17 pɩnaɣ 1953. Pʊwayɩ lɛ ɛɛkɛna kewiyaɣ ñʊʊdʊ tɛ kacalaɣ ñɩnʊ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa kpaɣ kɩyɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ lʊbɛ pɩnaɣ 1977 pɩsɩɩna salaŋ fenaɣ hiu pɩnaɣ 1980. 

Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ kpaɣna lakɩŋ fenaɣ 1973 nɛ pɩsɩɩna ɖomaɣ fenaɣ lʊbɛ wiye pɩnaɣ 1976 lɛ ɛɛkɛna kewiyaɣ ñʊʊtʊ tɛɛ-tʊ. Piyele salaŋ fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 1957 nɛ lakɩŋ ñɩŋga pɩnaɣ 1967 ɛɛkɛna Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa takayɩsɩ maya ŋgbɛyɛ taa takayaɣ mayʊ kacalaɣ ñɩnʊ. Ɛyɔɔda tɔm pee naayɩ nɛ acaɣ ɛyaa ñʊntaa, a-taa kɔyɔ se:

« Pɩyaʊ ŋgʊ kɩkpaɣ holaa yɔ ŋgʊ payaɣ pɩyaʊ kɩtɩɩkɛ kɩsɛmʊʊ yaa kɩkpɛdʊ kɔyɔ, pɩɩcɛyʊʊ. »

« Alɩwaatʊ ɛyʊ tʊlʊ mondoɖe se heɣlim ɛsʊʊ yɔ, heelifɛtaɣ nɛ kɔjɔsɩ pasʊʊna. »
Francis Bacon

Palʊna Francis Bacon kɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 22 pɩnaɣ 1561 kɛ Lɔndrɩ tɛtʊ taanɛ ɛsɩ tɛtʊ kʊdʊmtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa pɩnaɣ 1626 ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 65. Francis Bacona kɛ Aŋgilisi ɛjaɖɛ taa ñɩnɩyʊ nɛ ñʊʊtaa maɣzɩm lɔnzɩɖɛ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ. 

Ɛñɩnʊ taa lɛ ɛlɩza lɩmaɣzɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ pɩlɩɩnna lɔnzɩnɖɛ kpɛlɛkʊ yɔɔ nɛ ɛlʊʊ kpalaahosi nzɩ sɩ-yɔɔ pʊwɛɛ se ɛyʊ ɛtɩŋna nɛ ɛpɩzɩ ɛna mbʊ ɛñɩnʊ yɔ camɩyɛ yɔ. Kacalaɣ lɛ ɛwɛ Aŋglɩtɛɛrɩ maalikanaa tʊma ɖɩlaɖɛ pʊcɔ ɛkɛʊ ɛjaɖɩ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa tɔmhʊya ñʊʊtʊ. Ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 57 lɛ paha-ɩ samtʊ nimiye. 
Payaɣ ɛ-caa se Nicholas Bacon (1509 - 1579) nɛ e-ɖoo kɔyɔ Nichalas halʊ kɩlɛlʊ nɛ payaɣ Anne Cooke.
Jawaharlal Nehru

Jawaharlal Nehru kɛna Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛz ɖɔkɩyʊ nɔɔyʊ nɛ palʊla-ɩ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 14 pɩnaɣ 1889 nɛ ɛsɩ Niudeeli tɛtʊ taa kɛ agoza fenaɣ 27 pɩnaɣ 1964 ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 74.  Ɛɛlʊba pɩnzɩ sakɩyɛ se Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɛwɛɛ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ nɛ pʊkɔɔ pɩla mbʊ nɛ ɛkɛ peeɖe komina ñʊʊtʊ kpɣna kɩyɛna fenaɣ 15 pɩnaɣ 947 pʊkɔɔ pɩtalɩ ɛ-sɩm wiye. 

Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛɛkɛ kewiyaɣ ñʊʊtʊ mbʊ yɔ, pɩnzɩ 17 taa, ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ñʊndɩna tɛ ketiizaɣ ñɔɔzʊ caca lɛ ɛ-tɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ lɩʊ. Jawaharlal Nehru lʊba nɛ Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ñɩɩtʊ lubu nɛ haɖaʊ tʊmɩyɛ pazɩ pɩɖɛɛ nɛ ɛsɩnda.

Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛɛkɛ kewiyaɣ ñʊʊdʊ mbʊ yɔ ɛɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ ministrɩ weyi ɛcɔŋna taabalɩyɛ nɛ ɛsɩnda wobu yɔ. Ɛɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ ministrɩ weyi ɛcɔŋgaɣna koozaɣ nɛ liidiye yɔ pʊyɔɔ fenaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ kpaɣna lɛlaɣ fenaɣ 1958 pɩsɩɩna lakɩŋ fenaɣ 1958. Nehru kaakɛ ministrɩ weyi ɛcɔŋna ɛjɛɖɛ yɔɔ kandɩyʊ kɛ kpaɣ aloma fenaɣ 31 pɩnaɣ 1962 pɩsɩɩna kamɩŋ fenaɣ 14 pɩnaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ ŋga ka-taa. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se kpɩtaŋ naalɛ ɖeke ɛlaba.
Liŋgala kʋnʋŋ

Liŋgala kɛŋna kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ Koŋgoo Kinsasa nɛ Kɔŋgo Pirazaaviili ajeya taa. Kɩwɛ Pantʊ tɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ pɩlʊʊ taa. Ɛyaa mba panɩʊ pɛkɛ liŋgala mba nɛ panɩʊ-kʊ yɔ patalʊʊ ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa naalɛ yɔ nɛ mba pɛtɛkɛ liŋgala mba nɛ panɩʊ-kʊ kɩnɩʊ yem yɔ patalɩʊ ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa hiu yɔ.

Yee ɛyʊ ɛcɔna camɩyɛ siŋŋ kɔyɔ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ liŋgala kɛ Koŋgoo ɛjaɖɛ taa, Aŋgola nɛ Santraafriki ajɛya taa. Piyele nɛ mba liŋgala kɛwɛ pa-kʊnʊ; n yɔ pɛwɛ ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa 15 yɔ kpaɣna Kinsaasa tɛtʊ taa, Prazaavili, Mbandaka nɛ Kisaŋginii tɛtʊ taa. Ɛjɛyaa lɛɛna taa mba panɩ-kʊ kɩnɩʊ yɔ paytalɩʊ ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa 50 yɔ.