open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Abasidi

**Abasidi** kɛ malɩŋ kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ ŋga kaawɛ malɩŋ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ kɩpaɣla mba paalɛza malɩŋ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ kiɖe ɖʊyʊ weyi paya-ɩ se Mahomet nesi tɛ kpaɣna pɩnaɣ 750 ŋtalɩ 1258 alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ. Ɛyʊ ɛtɩna kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ ŋga ɛnʊ yɔ Abû al-Abbâs As-Saffah, ɛkɛ ɛyʊ weyi palʊla-ɩ Mahomet egbelenaa liɖe taa yɔ Al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib. 

Pagba-ɩ sɔsɔtʊ ndʊ pɩnaɣ 749 alɩwaatʊ taa. Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛyɔɔdɩ tɔmʊʊ nakʊyʊ pɩlɩna Omeyadɩ waa kewiyaɣ ɖoŋ yɔ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pawaba Marzan 2 tʊ Zab sɔsɔʊ you ɖeɖe yɔ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyaakʊ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kɩgbanzɩ ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 750 alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ.
   
Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pehiɣ patɩ camɩyɛ yaa patalɩ poɖoŋ ɖeɖe pɩtɩnŋa Hâroun ar-Rachîd yɔ lɛ, Abasidi ɛyaa pɛnɛ pɛ-tɛ politiki ɖoŋ pasɩ nɛ peyele palakɩ tʊmɩyɛ kʊyʊmɖɩyɛ koŋ ndɩ lɛ, Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ pɔcɔŋna ɖɩ-yɔɔ nɛ paya-ɖɩ se Buyudi kɛ kpaɣɖʊ 10 alɩwaatʊ taa nɛ pʊwayɩ lɛ, Seldjoukidies waa kɛ kpɑɣɖʊ 11 alɩwwatʊ taa.
 
Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Mongol waa mʊ Bagdad tɛtʊ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1258 alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ pe-liɖe naɖɩyɛ kɔɔ nɛ ɖɩcaɣ Caire tɛtʊ taa kɛ Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ paya-wɛ se Kalɩfɩ waa pʊtɔbʊʊ se Mahomet wayi tɛtʊ nʊʊŋ tɩnaa yaa kewiyaɣ ɖɔkɩyaa nɛ paya-wɛ Sulitan Mamelouki waa pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ Egipiti yɔɔ you wobutu pɩtɩŋna otomani Empiri yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1517 alɩwaatʊ taa.
Abdelmalek Droukdel

Payaɣ weyi se, Abdelmalek Droukdel yɔ, palʋla-ɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ (20) ñɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1970 taa. Palʋla-ɩ Alizeerii ɛjaɖɛ taa, Meftah tɛtʋ taa. Ɖajaa Abdelmalek Droukdel payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se Abou Mosaâb Abdel Woudoud. Patasɩɣ-ɩ yaʋ ɖɔɖɔ se, Abou Moussab Abdelwadoud.

Politiki ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ ñɔ Alizeerii ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Salafiste tikaɣ ŋgbɛyɛ. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2004 ñɩŋa taa Abdelmalek Droukdel kɛ ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʋ. Ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa heyina samaɣ mbʋ pɩkaɣ talʋʋ ɛyaa cee yɔɔ yɔ, pʋ-tɔm. Ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ, ɖiyou you siŋŋ. Ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ payaɣ nɔɔnɔɔ se Al-Daida. Ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ, ɖɩkandɩɣ Araabʋ waa Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ŋgbɛyɛ yɔɔ siŋŋ. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2007 ñɩŋa taa salafiste tikaɣ pɩsɩ Al-Qaida ŋgbɛyɛ.

Abdelmalek Droukdel laba kuduyiŋ sɔsɔŋ maʋ sukuli nɛ ɛtɛm-kʋ. Afganisitani ɛjaɖɛ taa Abdelmalek Droukdel wɛɛ ɛlʋkɩna kedeŋa kpeekpe Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ aŋgba lɛɛna. Ɛñɩnɩɣ se kedeŋa kpeekpe ɛyaa tɩŋa ɛsɛɛ Malɩŋ tɛ Ɛsɔ. Ŋgʋ, Ɛsɔ kʋɖʋm koŋ wɛna. 

Aarabʋ waa wɛna ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩlʋkɩ Malɩŋ ŋgbɛyɛ yɔɔ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Payaɣ ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ se GSPC ŋgbɛyɛ. Ɖɩlakɩ yoŋ sakɩyɛ nɛ Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ aŋgba lɛɛna kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ. Ɖajaa Abdelmalek Droukdel kɛŋna ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʋ ɖooo hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 2004 ǹɩŋa taa. 

Malɩŋ ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ, ɖɩ-ñʋʋdʋ kajalaɣ tʋ payaɣ se Hassan Hattab. Ɛlɛ wayɩ kɛ ɖajaa Nabil Sahraoui yaa Ibrahim Mustapha ɖiyaɣ ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ. Alɩjerii ɛjaɖɛ pilisi waa kʋ ɖajaa Nabil Sahraoui. « GSPC » ŋgbɛyɛ ñʋʋdʋ ɛnɛ ɛ-sɩm wayɩ Abdelmalek Droukdel pɩsɩ ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʊ.
Abdou Diouf

Palʋla ɖajaa **Abdou Diouf** salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ lʋbɛ ñɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1935 ñɩŋa taa. Senegaalɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa palʋla-ɩ, Louga tɛtʋ taa. Ɖajaa Abdou Diouf kɛkɛ Senegaalɩ ɛjaɖɛ kewiyaɣ taa tʋ.

Ɛɛcalɩ kɛʋ Senegaalɩ ɛjaɖɛ kewiyaɣ nɔɔ ɖɛyʋ. Pʋ-wayɩ lɛ, pɔtɔ caca Senegaalɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, ñʋʋdʋ Léopold Sédar Senghor sɩm wayɩ nɛ palɩzɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛpɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-ñʋʋdʋ. 

Ɖajaa Abdou Diouf kɛ Senegaalɩ ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ, kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1981 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 2000 ñɩŋa taa. ñʋʋdʋ Abdou Diouf alɩwaatʋ taa Senegaa ɛjaɖɛ tɔsʋʋ ɖɛna ɛsɩndaa pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Ɛ-alɩwaatʋ taa ɖɔɖɔ ɛyʋ waɖɛ yɔɔ kandɩyʋ nɛ temokrasii pa-tʋma kpa ɖoŋ ɖɔɖɔ. Eyeba ɖɔɖɔ nɛ pasɩɩ Senegaalɩ ɛjaɖɛ tʋma sɔsɔna ñʋŋ paa ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa.

Ɛlʋba ɖɔɖɔ nɛ panɩɩ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taŋ kedeŋa yɔɔ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se ɛsʋ ajɛya kpeekpe taa nɛ ɛlʋ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ tʋma wobinaʋ ɛsɩndaa nʋmɔʋ taa. Ɛlʋba siŋŋ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ Afrɩka ajɛya kpeekpe ɖama nɩnaʋ nɛ ɖama sɩnaʋ ŋgbɛyɛ ɖʋʋ pa-tʋma wobina ɛsɩndaa nɛ pɩkɩlɩ. 

Ɛ-lʋɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-nʋmɔʋ taa pɔkɔma palɩzɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛkɛ kedeŋa kpeekpe ajɛya wena a-taa pɔyɔɔdʋʋ fransɩɩ kʋnʋŋ yɔ a-ŋgbɛyɛ takayaɣ taa mayʋ sɔsɔ. Abdou Diouf kɛ ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-takayaɣ taa mayʋ, kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 2000 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 2015 ñɩŋa taa.
Aazii tɛtʋ wandamm

Tɛtʋ yɔɔ cɩnɛ, Aazii tɛtʋ wandamm kɩlɩna paɣlʋʋ nɛ walʋʋ. Aazii tɛtʋ wandamm samaɣ ñʋʋ kɛ miiliyaarɩ waa 4,3. Tɩ-walanzɩ kɛ km2 waa 43 810 582. Yee pɛtɛyɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe tɛtʋ nɛ pɩkpɛndɩna lɩm hɔɔlɩŋ tɩŋa payɩ hɔɔlɩŋ mɩnʋʋ kɔyɔ, Aazii tɛtʋ kɛ hɔɔlʋʋ 29,4. Yee pɛtɛ kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ tɛtʋ ɖeke nɛ pɩtɛkpɛndɩna lɩm hɔɔlɩŋ hɔɔlɩŋ mɩnʋʋ kɔyɔ, Aazii tɛtʋ wandamm kɛ hɔɔlɩŋ 8,6.

Ɛyaa ɖɔʋ nʋmɔʋ taa lɛ, Aazii tɛtʋ wandamm kɩlɩna ɖɔɖɔ. Kedeŋa kpeekpe ɛyaa mɩnʋʋ yɔɔ lɛ, Aazii tɛtʋ wandamm taa ɛyaa kɛ nɩɩnʋwa nɛ ɛyaa hiu.
Kedeŋa kpeekpe pʋŋ sɔsɔŋ tɩŋa taa payɩ lɛ, Aazii tɛtʋ wandamm taa panaɣ pʋʋ sɔsɔʋ ŋgʋ kɩkɩlɩ kʋyʋʋ pʋŋ lɛɛŋ nɛ kʋkʋyɩmɩŋ yɔ. Aazii tɛtʋ taa pʋʋ ŋgʋʋ payaɣ se Everɛɛsɩ (Everest) pʋʋ. Pʋʋ ŋ́gʋ, kɩ-kʋkʋyɩmɩŋ kɛ mɛtɛnaa 8 848.

Kuduyiŋ sɔsɔŋ weyi ɛkɩlɩ kʋyʋʋ kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ ɛ-taa payɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, Aazii tɛtʋ wandamm taa pana kuduyuu ŋgʋ kɩkɩlɩ kʋyʋ yɔ. Payaɣ kuduyuu kʋkʋyʋʋ ŋ́gʋ se Burj Khalifa. Kɩwɛ Dubaï tɛtʋ taa. Kɩ-kʋkʋyɩmɩŋ kɛ mɛtɛnaa 828. 

Kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩlɩna lɩm tɛɛ nɛ tɩkpa huuye lɩm kideŋ wayɩ yɔ, tɩ-taa payɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, Aazii tɛtʋ wandamm taa pana ndʋ tɩkɩlɩ posinaʋ lɩm kideŋ yɔ. Tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩwɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ nɛ hayi kiŋ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Tiposina lɩŋamʋʋ ɛzɩ kilomɛtɛnaa 2648 mbʋ yɔ.
Abuuja

Abuuja kɛŋna Naajeeriya ɛjaɖɛ kɩkpɛndɩɣ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1991. Abuuja wɛ Niger pɔɔ ka-lɩmɖɩkpɛndɩyɛ cɔlɔ nɛ lɛɛka ŋga payaɣ ka-ka se Penuwe yɔ kɔcɔlɔ ɖɔɖɔ.

Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ Naajeeriya ɛjaɖɛ hɛkʊ taa se paa samaɣ ŋga lɛ pɩmaɣzɩ-kɛ ñɔtɩnaʊ nɛ tʊma sɔsɔna yaa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ 12 pɩnaɣ 1991 kɛ Abuuja tɛtʊ pɩsa Naajeeriya tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ  nɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ kɩpɩndʊ payawaɣ se Legɔsɩ. Pɩnaɣ 2015 taa pakalɩ Abuuja tɛtʊ taa ɛyaa kpeek̂pe lɛ, patalɩ ɛzɩ ɛyaa 1 568 853 yɔ.
Abû Nuwâs

**Abû Nuwâs** paɖaɣna yaʋ size al-Ḥasan Ibn Hāni’ al-Ḥakamī. Ɛkɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Arabɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tʋ. Ɛkɛ abalʋ weyi ɛfɛyɩ felendu kpataa yɔ. Palʋla ɖajaa al-Ḥasan Ibn Hāni’ al-Ḥakamī ɛnʋ pɩnaɣ 747 n̄ɩŋga nɛ pɩnaɣ 762 n̄ɩŋga pɛ-hɛkʋ taa.
 
Palʋla-ɩ Ahvaz egeetiye taa. Ahvaz egeetiye kɛna Iranɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ natʋyʋ. Ɛkɛ n̄amtʋ pɩɣa ɛ-taabalaa nɛ samaɣ ŋga ɛwɛ ka-taa yɔ pɛ-sɩnda. Ɛ-pɩcatʋ taa ɛɛkɛ pɩɣa ŋga kɛwɛ lɛɣtʋ siŋŋ yɔ. Ɛsɩba, paa pɩɩla ɛzɩma yɔ, pɩnaɣ 815 n̄ɩŋga taa kɛnɛ.

Ɖajaa Abû Nuwâs sɩba Bagdad tɛtʋ taa. Bagdad tɛtʋ wɛ Irakɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɖajaa ɛnɛ, patatɩlɩ, kɩyakʋ nɛ fenaɣ ŋga ka-taa ɛsɩba yɔ. Ɛ-pɩcatʋ taa ɛɛkɛ pɩɣa ŋga kaawɛna sɔɔlɩm siŋŋ kɛ-ɛgbadɩna kpeekpe yɔɔ.

Ɖajaa Abû Nuwâs ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ koowa maɖʋ mɛnfɛyɩna ɖaʋʋ Arabɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Keɣsi mabʋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa sɔsɔ Abû Nuwâs hɩɖɛ sɛ siŋŋ kedeŋa kpeekpe. Ɛkɛ kpaɖɩŋ lutozo nɛ nakʋ taa tʋ. Ɛnʋ wakaɣna paa keveŋa ŋga ka-taa.

Ɖajaa Bashâr Ibn Burd kpɛlɛkɩna sɔsɔ Abû Nuwâs keɣsi mabʋ. Ɛlɛ yebina nɛ keɣsi mabʋ malɩnɩ-ɩ mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, ɛsazaɣ-ɩ paa ɛzɩm taa. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa lɛ, ɖajaa Bashâr Ibn Burd n̄ɩnaɣ size eyele caanaʋ keɣsi mabʋ.

Ɖajaa Abû Nuwâs makaɣ keɣsi nɛ ɛyɔɔdʋʋ hɔŋ taa sɔɔlɩm tɔm. Ɛyɔɔdaɣ e-keɣsi mabʋ taa ɖɔɖɔ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ sɔsɔtʋ pɔ-tɔm Sɔsɔ Abû Nuwâs ɛnɛ, ɛ-caa payaɣ size Hani. Ɛ-caa ɛnʋ ɛkɛkɛ sɔɔja sɔsɔ Marwan II sɔɔjanaa kpaaŋ taa. Payaɣ keɣsi maɖʋ Abû ɖoo size Golban.
Abrɩham

**Abrɩham** kɛ ɛyaa kpeekpe mba pɛwɛna lidaʊ Ɛsɔ yɔɔ yɔ pɔ-cɔzɔ. Ɛ-tɔm pakɩlɩ yɔɔdʊʊ Takayaɣ Kiɖeɣa taa Nɔɔ Haʊ kɩbɩm hɔɔlʊʊ taa, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Kiɖe tɛɛ tɔm Takayaɣ taa. Patasɩ ɛ-tɔm yɔɔdʊʊ Malɩŋ Ɛsɔ Tɔm takayaɣ ŋga payaɣ se *Kooraɣ* yɔ ka-taa. Takayaɣ ŋ́ga ka-taa lɛ, paya-ɩ se Ibirahim. Pɩwɩlɩɣ se Abɩrɩham kɛŋna ɖɔ-cɔzɔnaa taa cɔjɔ kajalaɣ tʊ weyi pɔcalɩ ɛ-tɔm yɔɔdʊʊ  Takayaɣ Kiɖeɣe taa yɔ. Pakpaɣ-ɩ se ɛnʊʊ ɖʊna Yuuda n̄ɩma Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se Yuudaayism yɔ. Ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛyʊ sɔsɔ kpem Krɩstʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nʊmɔʊ taa tɩŋɩyaa ɛsɩndaa. Malɩŋ ŋgbɛyɛ, [Iizilaam] ɖɔɖɔ cɔlɔ lɛ, ɛkɛ pɔlɔɔyasɩ tɩnaa kagbaanzɩ taa tʊ lɛlʊ. 

Pɔ-lɔɔyasɩ tɩnaa naanza lɛlɛ kɔyɔ : Nowee nɛ Moyiizi nɛ [Yeesu Nazarɛɛtɩ tʋ|Yeesu nɛ kpaagbaa tʊ yɔ Mohamɛɛdɩ. Pɔ-tɔbʊʊ se Malɩŋ ŋgbɛyɛ, Iisilaam n̄akpaɣ Yeesu  se ɛkɛ pa-nayʊ yaa pɔ-lɔɔyaɣ tʊ. Patakpaɣ-ɩ se ɛkɛ Ɛsɔ maɣmaɣ. Ŋgʊ Ɛsɔ tɔm takayaɣ Kiɖeɖeɣa n̄akaɖa kpayɩ se Yeesu kɛ Ɛsɔ. Ɛsɔ maɣmaɣ pɩsɩnɩ ɛyʊ nɛ ɛkpaɣ ɖo-tomnaɣ nɛ ɛcaɣ ɖɛ-hɛkʊ taa alɩwaatʊ cabɩ nɛ pʊcɔ ɛ-sɔɔlɩm lɛ, ɛlaa ɛ-tɩ kɩlaʊ kedeŋa kpeekpe n̄ʊʊ yabʊtʊ yɔɔ.

Abrɩham kɛ Araabʊ n̄ɩma nɛ Ebre n̄ɩma pɔ-cɔjɔ. Ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ kedeŋa kpeekpe ɛyaa mba petisaa se Ɛsɔ kʊɖʊm ɖeke koŋ wɛna yɔ pɔ-cɔjɔ.

Tɔm ndʊ Ɛsɔtɔm takayɩsɩ ndɩ ndɩ yɔɔdɩ Abrɩham yɔɔ yɔ nɛ tɔm ndʊ n̄ɩnɩyaa sɔsaa n̄ɔyɔɔdʊʊ ɛ-yɔɔ pɩɩŋna pa-n̄ɩnʊʊ nʊmɔʊ taa yɔ, tɩɩɖʊʊ ɖama taa ɖeu. Pɔyɔɔdʊʊ se tɔm ndʊ Ɛsɔtɔm takayɩsɩ ndɩ ndɩ yɔɔdɩ Abrɩham yɔɔ yɔ, pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩla se pɛsɛ ɛ-tɔm yɔɔ kɛzaɣ pazɩ. Halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ mbʊ yɔ, patanada se ndʊ Ɛsɔtɔm yɔɔda Abrɩham yɔɔ yɔ, pɩlaba mbʊ siŋŋ yaa tɩtɩŋɛ tɩtala mbʊ.

Ɛsɔtɔm takayaɣ taa pɔɔŋ se pepimi Abrɩham Ebrɔnɩ tɛtʊ taa. Ŋgʊ Yuuda n̄ɩma n̄ɔtɔŋ se pepimi-i kaaʊ hɛŋga sɔsaɣ taa sɩʊ kpelaɣ sɔsaɣ liu tɛɛ. Toovonum lɛ, peeɖe Yuuda n̄ɩma piŋ pa-caanaʊ ɛyaa.
Abɩɩjaŋ

**Abɩɩjaŋ** kɛna Kotidivuwarɩ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa tɔsʊʊ kɩla wɛʊ yɔ ɛlɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa politiki nɛ komina tʊma sɔsɔna kɩla wɛʊ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Yamusokuro. Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ kpeekpe ajɛya wena ayɔɔdɩɣ fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ yɔ a-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ taa lɛ Abvɩɩjaŋ tɛtʊ taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩlɩ ɖɔʊ. 

Ajɛya wena ayɔɔdɩɣ Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ yɔ a-tɛtʊ sɔsɔ kpeekpe taa lɛ, Abɩɩjaŋ tɛtʊ kɛŋna naalɛ nɖɩ walanzɩ taa nɛ naatozo nɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa. Pɩnaɣ 2014 taa pakali ɛyaa kɛ Kotidivuwarɩ lɛ, Abɩɩjaŋ taa ɛyaa kpɛnda 4 707 000 yaa ɛzɩ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ lɛ peeɖe ɖeke ɛyaa wɛ nɛɛlɛ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe taa. Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ kpeekpe ajɛya tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ taa lɛ, Leegɔsɩ ɖeke taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩlɩ ɖɔʊ kɛ Abɩɩjaŋ. 

Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-tɛ maalika ñʊʊdʊ payaɣ se Robert Beugré Mambé nɛ pɩnaɣ 2011 kɛ palɩza-ɩ nɛ ɛlakɩ pɩnzɩ nakʊ yaa ɛzɩ ɛtɛŋ pɩnaɣ 2020.
Adam Smith

Adam Smith kɛ Ekɔsi ɛjaɖɛ taa tʋ. Palʋla-ɩ mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ taa, kɩyakʋ kagbanzɩ (5) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1723 n̄ɩŋga taa. Ɛ-pɩcatʋ taa ɛwɛ hɛɛɛ nɛ paa ɛzɩmtaa lɛ, ɛwɛ maɣzɩm taa kɛnɛ.

Ɖajaa Adam Smith sɩba hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ taa, kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ lʋbɛ (17) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye pɩnaɣ 1790 n̄ɩŋga taa. Kirkcaldy tɛtʋ taa ɛsɩba. Kirkcaldy tɛtʋ kɛ Ekosi ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ natʋyʋ. Ɛ-lakasɩ taa fɛyɩ ɛzɩ ɛyʋ weyi ɛtʋʋza yɔ. Ɛlakɩ mɛnfɛyɩ n̄ʋʋ lakasɩna. Toovenum lɛ, ɛ-lakasɩ kɛkɛ kɩbanzɩ siŋŋ, ɛlɛ, sɩkɩla ɖoŋ samaɣ. Mbʋ yebina nɛ samaɣ kpaɣ-ɩ se ɛkɛ kpandʋ.

Ɛ-lɩmaɣza cukaŋ n̄ɩna siŋŋ kɔyɔ se ɛtɩlɩ ɛyʋ. Ɖajaa ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ mbʋ payaɣ size filozɔɔfʋ yɔ siŋŋ. Ɖɩzɩma mbʋ size paa weyi ɛkɛ filozɔɔfʋ, ɛlɛ, ɖajaa Adam Smith lɩmaɣza kɩlɩ yuŋ nɛ atɛ awɛɛ ndɩ kpem nɛ lalaa ñɩna.

Paa ɛzɩmtaa lɛ, ɖajaa Adam Smith wɛ lim lim maɣzɩm taa kɛnɛ. Filozɔɔfʋ kɛ ɛyʋ weyi ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ kɛlɛ size, ɛn̄ɩnɩ ɛyʋ yɔɔ lɩmaɣza yɔ. Ɛkɛ ɛyʋ yɔɔ lɔnzɩnɖɛ tʋmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkɩyʋ yaa ɛyʋ yɔɔ lɔnzɩnɖɛ n̄ɩnʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ laɖʋ yɔ. Ɖajaa Adam Smith kɛ ɖɔɖɔ, tɔsʋʋ kpɛlɛkʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ laɖʋ sɔsɔ siŋŋ nɔɔyʋ.

Ekosi ɛjaɖɛ taa filozɔɔfʋ  ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ Ekosi ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛ n̄alɩmɩyɛ. Ekula samaɣ ɛsɛ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Ɛwɩla ɛjaɖɛ taa ñɩma lɔnzɩnɖɛ nɛ lɛɣtʋ pa-nʋmɔŋ. Ɖajaa Adam Smith tɔm pama caanaʋ takayaɣ taa size, ɛkɛ ɛyʋ lɔŋ tʋ weyi, pʋmʋnaa size payaɣ size Tɔsʋʋ Lɛɣtʋ kɩfatʋ yaa sɔnɔ n̄ɩndʋ Caa yɔ.

Ɖajaa Adam Smith Ekosi tʋ ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ soliɣa. Ɛ-caa sɩba lɔŋ, ɛtasɩmɩ-ɩ nɛ pʋcɔ ɛlɛ sɩkɩ. Ɛlɩzɩ takayaɣ nakɛyɛ tɔsʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ labʋ nʋmɔʋ taa. Paya ɛ-takayaɣ ŋ́ga se *The Wealth of Nations* (Pʋtɔbʋʋ se "Ajɛɛ n̄ɩm"). Pɩnaɣ 1776 ñɩŋa taa ɛlɩza-kɛ.
Adisi-Abeba

**Adisi-Abeba** kɛŋna Etiyoopii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ nɛ tɩ-taa pakalɩ ɛyaa kɛ pɩnaɣ 2008 lɛ pɛkpɛndɩ 3 385 000. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1963 kɛ Afrika ajɛya kpeekpe nɩna ɖama nɛ asɩɩ  a-kɩkpɛndʊ  se UA yɔ ɖɩ-kpelaɣ.

Adisi-Abeba tɛtʊ wɛ Etiyɔpi ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɖɩ- hɛkʊ taa nɛ tɩwɛ pʊʊ sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ kʊ-ñʊʊtaa wɛ camɩyɛ landammm yɔ. Pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ taa wɛ ɛzɩ mɛtanaa 2300 nɛ 2600 yɔ pɛɩkɩlɩ k-hɛkʊ taa. Mbʊ yebina nɛ Afrika kpeekpe taa lɛ Adisi-Abeba kɛŋna tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩ kʊyʊʊ yɔ nɛ keteŋga kpeekpe yɔɔ, tɛtʊ ndʊ lɛ naanza ndɔ.
Adolph Hitler

**Adolph Hitler** kɛ Otirisi tʊ. Ɛlɛ, ɛyɔɔdʋʋ caama ñɩma kʋnʋŋ. Palʊlɩ-ɩ efemiye nɛɛlɛ (20) wiye ɖomaɣ fenaɣ taa, pɩnaɣ 1889. Palʋla-ɩ Bɩrɔnɔ Amm Ɩnn tɛtʋ taa Otirisi Hɔŋgri ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ sɔnɔ taa payaɖɩ se Otirisi yɔ, ɖɩ-taa. Ɛsɩba  ɖomaɣ fenaɣ taa kɩyakʋ niidozo (30) ñɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1945 ñɩŋa taa. Bɛrɩlɛɛ tɛtʋ taa ɛsɩba. Bɛrɩlɛɛ tɛtʋ kɛŋna Caama tɛtʊ sɔsɔ. Adolph Hitler ɛnʊ, ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛkʊna ɛ-tɩ. Sɔsɔ Adolph Hitler kaakɛna Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa sɔɔja sɔsɔ. Ɛɛkɛ ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-ñʋʋdʋ. Ɛɛkɛ politi laɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛnʊ lɩzɩna politiki ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se 'Nazisme" yɔ. 

Ɖoŋ tʊmɩyɛ ɖeke koŋ ɛlakaɣ e-wezuu caɣʋ tɩŋa. Ɛ-lɩmaɣza ɖeke koŋ Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa lakaɣna tʊmɩyɛ. Ɖoŋ ɖɔɖɔ ɛmʋna Kewiyaɣ kpelaɣ. Nɛ ɛmʊ-kɛ nɛ ɛtɛ lɛ,  ɛyaa Caama ɛjaɖɛ sɩse: Naadozo Reich. Ɛkpaɣ kpelaɣ, kpaɣ  pɩnaɣ 1933 ñɩŋa nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 1945 ñɩŋa taa. Ɛkɛ politiki ɛyʊ mbʊʋ lɛ, ɛkɛ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ sɩse 'NSDAP' (caama tʊmlaɖaa samaɣ), yɔ ɖɩ-ñʊʋdʊ . Caama ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ Adolph Hitler ñɩnaɣ se ɛkʋ weyi ɛlɛ kɛkɛ ɖɩ-ñʋʋdʋ yɔ nɛ pʋcɔ ɛmʋ kpelaɣ nɛ ɖoŋ, ɛlɛ, pʋtɔcɔ. Ñʋʋdʋ Adolph Hitler kɛkɛ Caama ɛjaɖɛ kajalaɣ Minisi, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ tɛɛ tʋ nɛ pʋcɔ ɛmʋʋ kpelaɣ nɛ ɖoŋ. Kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ niidozo wiye, pɩnaɣ 1933 ñɩŋa taa ɛɛkɛ Kajalaɣ Minisi Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa.kpɛɣlɛ. Pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa ɛkʋ e-kondɩnaa mba pakaɖaɣna-ɩ yɔ patɩŋa payɩ pɩtasaɣ paa kʋɖʋm. Ɖomaɣ fenaɣ taa, pɩnaɣ 1934 ñɩŋa taa ɖajaa Adolph Hitler laba ɛ-tɩ sɔnzɩ nɛ ɛpɩsɩ Caama ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ. Ñʋʋdʋ Adolph Hitler ɖiyaɣ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ñazʋʋ nɛ ɖoŋ. E-ɖeke ɛlɩzɩɣna ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ a-yɔɔ ɖeke ɖɔɖɔ ɛyaa ɖɔŋ. Ɛɛyɔɔdʋʋ nɛ nɔɔyʋ cosi. Ɛɛñazɩɣ nɛ nɔɔyʋ kizi labʋ mbʋ ɛtɔma se pala yɔ. Ñazʋʋ nɛ ñazʋʋ lɛ, ñʋʋdʋ Adolph Hitler ñazaa ɛpalɩ lɩm.Ɛ-kañatʋ nɛ ñʋʋdʋ nɔɔyʋ ñɩndʋ patata kaʋ. Adolph Hitler tɔm kɛ kigiluu tɔm siŋŋ samaɣ cɔlɔ. Ɛkʊwaɣ e-kondinaa yem yem ɛzɩ ɛsɔɔlʊʋ yɔ.Ɛɛsɔɔla se ɛmʋ ajɛɛ ndɩ ndɩ tɛtʋ nɛ tɩpɩsɩ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ ñɩndʋ.

Payaɣ ñʋʋdʋ Adolph Hitler caa se Aloi Hitler nɛ e-ɖoo hɩlɛ lɛ Klara Hitler. Ɛwɛna halʊ nɛ payaɣ ɛlɛ se Eva Braum.
Adɔtɔ

**Adɔtɔ** kɛ tɩŋ ŋgʊ paa wɩlɩŋ taa kɩwɛ doŋ yɔ kɩlɩnɛ Amerika nɛ haɖɛ kiŋ (Piresiili nɛ hayi kiŋ) nɛ Amerika nɛ hɛkʊ taa nɛ Karayiibi ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ. Pasɩma-kʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɔtɔkɩ-kʊ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ yɔ se kɩlʊlʊʊ pee. Tɔm piye adɔtɔ lɩnɛ tupi-guarani taa naná naná tɔbʊʊ se tilali naa taa tilali. Adɔtɔ tɛ nɛ tɩŋpee wenaa awɛna tɩŋ piye nandʊʊ ɛgbam yɔ tɛ nɛ kɩ-kɛ adɔtɔ. Kɩ-kɛ tɛtɛ ñɩyʊʊ tɩŋ piye nɛ kɩ-ɖalakɩŋ talɩ mɛta kɩyʊm ntalɩ kʊyʊm nɛ hɔlʊʊ kɩ-kpeekpe taa nɛ kɩ-hatʊ ɖaɣla lɔɔ lɔɔ ɛzɩ sentɩmɛta naa 50 ntalɩ 1,80 nɛ pʊwɛ sɔɔ yaa nabʊyʊʊ taa pʊlozi kpɛdɛ kpɛdɛ.
 
Pasɩma kɩ-tɛ lʊlʊʊ alɩwaatʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ kɩkpazʊʊ piye ɛgbam ɖaʊ nakʊyʊʊ yɔ ɖaʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ kɩyeke nɛ hatʊ teɖe teɖe natʊyʊʊ cɔɔ-kʊ nɛ pɩta nɛ pɩkpazɩɣ hɛtʊ yuulee sɛmɩŋ ɛlɛ evemiye kɛtɛŋ lɛ pʊmʊwa nɛ pɩpɩsʊʊ pee kulukulu nayɛ, abalʊʊ nɛ akatɩɣ ɖama nɛ pɩpɩsʊʊ adɔtɔ ŋgʊ ɖɩsɩma yɔ. Mbʊlɛ, adɔtɔ pɩsɩ tɩŋ piye mɛwɛ nabʊlɛ taa, ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ payaʊ-kʊ se malʊlʊʊ pee yɔ. Kɩ-kpeekpe kɩ-dalakɩŋ talɩ sentɩmɛta naa 30 nɛ kʊ-tomnaɣ yɔ wɛ pɔyaa kotʊʊ kotʊʊ nɛ kɩsɛmɩŋ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Kɩ-lɩm wɛ leleŋ nɛ pɩ-tɛ sɛmɩŋ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ nabʊyʊʊ taa kʊlʊmʊʊ yaa sʊtʊ sɛmɩŋ.

Adɔtɔ sɔlɩ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa fɛyɩ mʊzʊŋ yɔ. Pɔsɔʊ-kʊ lɛ, fenasɩ hiʊ nɛ nanza ntalɩ nɛɛlɛ mbʊ yɔ kɩpɩwa. Kpaɣnɛ fenaɣ loɖo ntalɩ fenaɣ lutozo lɛ, kɩyɛndɩɣ nɛ kɩgbanzɩ ntalɩ loɖo lɛ poholosʊʊ kajalaɣ adɔtɔ naa nɛ tɩŋ kʊyʊmʊ ŋgʊ kɩtasɩɣ lʊlʊʊ nabʊlɛ ya nabʊtozo. Kajalaɣ lɛ, fenasɩɣ nɛɛlɛ wayɩ nɛ nabʊlɛ lɛ, fenasɩɣ hiʊ nɛ kɩgbanzɩ wayɩ. Tɩŋ tikuu ɛ-paɣla kɔyɔ adɔtɔ piye ɖɔɖɔ paɣlʊʊ.
 
Christophe Colomb tɩlɩ tɩŋ piye ndɩ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛtalɩ Guadeloupe tɛtʊ taa yɔ pɩnaɣ 1493. Ɛjaɖɛ ndɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa kpaɣnɛ-ɖɩ ɛzɩ pɩkɛ kʊjɔʊ tɔnaɣ ŋga pahaɣa agɔma mba pɔkɔŋna mɛlɛ naa se pakʊna pɔ-lɔkɔtʊ mbʊ yɔ palɩnɛ nɔmɔʊ kɩɖalʊʊ lɩm salala yɔ. Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ Guadeloupe ñɩma taa kɛwɛ leleŋ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa nɛ pasɩŋgʊ pɔ-nɔnɔsɩ tɛ nɛ pɛ-hɛzʊʊ. Chritoph Colomb cɔlɔ lɛ kɩwɛ ɛzɩ pɔm ɛlɛ kɩ-kɩlɩ paɣlʊʊ nabʊlɛ pɔm nɛ kɩ-leleŋ wɛ camɩyɛ kama fɛyɩ. Papɩzɩɣ pɛsɛtɩ-kʊ nɛ saɣ.
Afganistani

Afɩganɩstaanɩ ɛjaɖɛ kɛ Malɩŋ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛ Aazii nɛ hɛkʋ nɛ hɛkʋ taa. Afɩganɩstaanɩ ɛjaɖɛ fɛyɩ teŋu nɔɔyɔɔ nɛ ajɛya anɛ acɔna-ɖɩ nɛ ataa kpɛɛ: Pakɩstaaŋ, Siini, Tadjikistaŋ, Tuurikimenistaŋ, Uzibeekistaŋ, Iraŋ.

Ɛjaɖɛ ŋɖɩ ɖɩwɛ Aasii hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ nɛ ajɛya sakɩyɛ tɩŋʊʊ na ɖɩ-hɛkʊ taa. Ɖoo lɔŋda lɛ, ajɛya wena aasɔɔlaa se ala tadɩyɛ nɛ awolo India ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ, anɔsɩ yɔɔ ɖɛya tɩŋaɣna. Pa-taa nabayɛ kɔyɔ: Cyrus Sɔsɔ, Alexandre  Sɔsɔ, Gengis Khan, nɛ Bâbur. 

Biritaanikimba nɛ Afɩganɩstaanɩ waa pɛ-tɛ you naalɛ ñɩŋgʊ wayɩ lɛ, Biritaanikimba ɖaŋɩ Afɩganɩstaanɩ mba se pataaɖʊkɩna akeɣta naayɛ yɔɔ, ɛlɛ poɖuu kpem se paaɖʊʊ pɔnɔɔ kɛ hɔɔlɩŋ weyi pɩkazaa yɔ ɛ-taa. Pɩkpaɣna pɩnaɣ 1879 mbʊ yɔ, Afɩganɩstaanɩ pɩsa ɛjaɖɛ pilim nɛ kɩwɛɛ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ kpaagbaa wɛʊ pɩnaɣ 1919 ŋga taa.

Pɩnaɣ 1919 taa lɛ, you tozo ñɩŋʊ nakʊyʊ tasɩ lɩʊ kɛ Afɩganɩstaanɩ nɛ Biritaanikimba pɛhɛkʊ taa nɛ Afɩganɩstaanɩ sɔɔjana wa po-kooyindinaa Rawalipindii nɛ pɩha wɛɛ lɛɛlɛyɔɔ waɖɛ nɛ palʊkɩ pa-yɩm yɔɔ kɛ ajɛya lɛɛna taa. Pɛ-tɛ abalɩtʊ ndʊ tɩyebina nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ pɩwa-ɖɩ waɖɛ nɛ ɖɩsʊʊ ajɛya kpeekpe ŋgbɛyɛ kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se Société des Nations yɔ ɖɩ-taa kɛ pɩnaɣ 1921 taa. Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1979 taa lɛ, ɖama nɩnaʊ nɛ taabalɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖiwɛ URSS nɛ Afɩganɩstaanɩ yɔ ɖɩ-yɔɔ lɛ, Sooviyeetiki sɔɔjanaa wolo nɛ pasɩna hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ kewiyaɣ yɔɔ yɔ yonaʊ kɛ mba palɩɣna keewiyaɣ hayɩ yɔ.

Kpaagbaa mbʊ lɛ, Etaazuunii ñetiina pɔ-sɔɔjana nɛ peyele poyoona Sooviyetiki mba kɛ pɩnaɣ 1989 taa. Pɩla mbʊ lɛ, 1996 pɩnaɣ taa lɛ, Malɩŋ komina ŋgʊ payaɣ se Taliibaŋ yɔ, kɩmʊ kewiyaɣ nɛ pɩtatɩɩ leeɖiɣu lɛ, pɩnzɩ kagbanzɩ wayɩ lɛ, ajaya kpeekpe kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ ɖɔnɩ-wɛ keewiyaɣ yɔɔ.  

Pɩkpaʊ nɛ pɩnaɣ 2001 yɔ, Afɩganɩstaanɩ ɛjaɖɛ pɩsa « Malɩŋ ɛjaɖɛ » nɛ ɖɩwɛɛna ɖɩ-ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ nɛ ɖɩ-kewiyaɣ yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ.
Afrika Hadɛ Kiŋ

**Afrika Hadɛ Kiŋ** ɛjaɖɛ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛna Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ kpaagbaa yɔ. Ɖɩ-tɛ politika tɛtʊ sʊsɔtʊ kɛ payaɣ se Piretoriya. Afrika Hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-hayʊ kɩŋ lɛ pɩsɩna Namibii, Pɔcɩwaanaa nɛ Simbaabuwee ajɛya; ɖɩ-tɛ hayʊ kɩŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖilɩyɛ taa lɛ, Moozambiki nɛ Suwaziilandɩ ñina. Lesoto kɛna ɛzɩ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe nɛ ɖɩwɛɛ Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɖɔɖo yɔ.
 
Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩlkɩyɛ taa ɛjaɖɩ ndɩ, ɖɩ-taa lɛ, pinde pɩnaɣ taa lɛ ɛyaa kpɛnda millionaa 54 nɛ pa-taa ɛyaa kɩkpɛɛdaa kpɛndɩ ɛzɩ 80,2 kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ yɔ, ɛyaa kɩsɩdaa ñɛwɛɛ ɛzɩ 8,8 kɛ mbʊ yɔ. Ɛyaa kʊʊlʊmaa wɛɛ ɛzɩ 8,4 yɔ nɛ piyele Aasɩɩ mba ñɛwɛɛ ɛzɩ 2,5. Afrika kpeekpe taa lɛ; Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa kɛ pakɩlɩɣ naʊ ɛyaa mba pɛwɛna tomnasɩ ndɩ ndɩ yɔ; ɛzɩ ɛyaa  kɩkpɛɛda, kʊlʊmaa kɩsɩdaa nɛ Ɛɛndɩ mba kɛ mbʊ yɔ. Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ layʊ sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Archevêque Desmond Tutu yɔ, ɛkʊma Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ se *Ɛsɔtaa Tɩŋgaɣyʊʊ Ɛjaɖɛ*, yaa kaaɣyʊʊ mbʊ pʊ yɔɔ yɔ, kedeŋa kpeekpe ɛyaa sidaa nɛ pɛwɛ peeɖe. *Ɛsɔtaa Tɩŋgaɣyʊʊ Ɛjaɖɛ* ŋgʊ kɩlɛɣzɩna mbʊ payawaɣ se pɩnzɩ 1948 nɛ nzɩɩna pɩnaɣ 1991 taa yɔ.

Paa nɛ Apartheid hɩɖɛ ɛɛtasɩɣ yaʊ kaʊ kɔyɔ, tɛyɩtʊ ndʊ tɩɩtɩɩwɛɛ ɛyaa kɩlʊmaa nɛ kɩkpɛɛdaa pɛhɛkʊ taa yɔ, tʊtʊ ñɛwɛ mbʊ tam. Paa nɛ mbʊ yɔ, Afrika ajɛya kpeekpe taa lɛ, Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa kɛ tɔsʊʊ huu kɩlɩna ɖɛwʊ nɛ ɛsɩndaa nɛ laatriki mɩŋ, habɛɛ yaa mbʊ mbʊ pɩwɛ tɛtʊ sʊsɔtʊ taa payɩ yɔ, pɩwɛ paa hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ lɛ kɩ-taa kɛ peeɖe.

Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ, ɖɩkɛna naalɛ ñɩndɛ kɛ tɔsʊʊ hʊʊ taa Afrika kedeŋga kpeekpe taa. Nɖɩ tɩŋgʊna Naajeeriya ñɩnɖɛ wayɩ kɛ tɔsʊʊ hʊʊ taa kɛlɛ mbʊ yɔ. Peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ tɛtɛɛ ñɩm sɔsɔm wɛɛ sakɩyɛ; ɛzɩ: oorɩ, tiyaamaŋ nɛ saarbɔɔ kɛ mbʊ yɔ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ tuuɖe taa ajɛya ñɔɔna-ɖɩ kpam pɩkɩlɩna alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɛŋtɛŋga tɛɛ you kalakaɣ kpem lɛ yɔ. Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ, nɖɩ kɩlɩlna wɛʊ ɖoŋ kɛ paa politika yaa sɔɔjɛɛtʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa kɔ yɔ.

=Kɩ-ɖɩwɛyɛ=
## Fefeku
## Pʊŋ hɔɔlʊʊ
## Kadasɩ
## Tɛtʊ
## Tʊma sɔsɔna hɔɔlɩŋ
=Caanaʊ tɔm=
=Politiki nɛ tʊma ndɩ ndɩ=
## Kewiyaɣ hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ
## Politiki aŋgba
## Laŋ nɛ lɩm yɔɔ kandayʊʊ
## Kɩɖaʊ kɛdɛɛka
=Samaɣ ̃nʊʊ=
## Tɔnʊʊ taa alaafɩya
## Kʊnʊmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ
## Ɛsɔ nʊmɔʊ
=Sɔnzɩ=
## Sɩpɔɔrɩ
## Samaɣ tɩlasɩ
### Kʊ̃nɔndʊtʊ nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna taa kʊyʊʊ ɖʊʊ
### Ɛyaa kʊʊ
=Tɔsʊʊ=
## Tɔsɩŋ weyi ɛkɩlɩ ɖoŋ yɔ
## Anasaayɩ nɛ ɛyʊ kɩkpɛdʊ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa tɛyɩtʊ
## Tɔsʊʊ lɛɣzʊʊ
## Tʊma wɛʊ kewiyaɣ nesi tɛɛ yɔ
## Tɔsʊʊ ̃nɔɔzʊʊ tɩlasɩ
## Ɛzɩyɛ egbena
### Laŋ taa wondu
### Ɛjaɖɛ wɛtʊ
=Ɩcɔna ɖɔɖɔ=
## Takayɩsɩ
## Takayɩsɩ nzɩ pama kɩ-yɔɔ
## Filimwaa mba pawɩlɩɣ-kʊ yɔ
=Takayɩhayʊʊ tɛɛ tɔm nɛ tɩ-ɖɩnayɛ=
=Tɔm lɛɛtʊ=
=Awayɩ kpasɩ=
Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ taa kujomiŋ

Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɩŋgamɩŋ kɛna kujomiŋ sɔsɔŋ weyi ɛhɛ Afrika hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ taa nɛ ɛpɩlɩ ɖama pɩlaɣɣ nɛ pɩtalɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa yɔ. Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kujomiŋ ɛnɛ ɛkpaɣna ɛzɩ tɛtʊ hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ taa kejeɣa  5° hayʊ kiŋ yɔ nɛ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ 15° hadɛ kiŋ yɔ.

Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kujomiŋ taa sɔsɔŋ kɔyɔ: Fikitoriya Kujomuu, kujomuu kʊnɛ, ŋgʊ lɛ naalɛ ñɩŋgʊ kedeŋa kpeekpe taa lɩŋgamɩŋ weyi ɛkɩlɩ walanzɩ yɔ; Tanganika kujomuu, kʊkʊ lɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa naalɛ ñɩŋgʊ ɖɔɖɔ kujomiŋ weyi ɛlɛ kɩlɩ liŋguu yɔ. Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kujomiŋ ɛnɛ ɛfɛyɩ kpayɩ kpayɩ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ Fikitoriya Kujomuu, Albert nɛ Edouard kujomiŋ ɖeke kpeŋna nɛ ɛfalɩɣ Niili Pɔɔ kʊlʊmaɣ taa. Pɛtɛkpɛndɩna Rukwa kujomuu nɛ Moero ñɩŋ. 

Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɩŋgamɩŋ nɛ ɛ-tɛ kilomɛtanaa nabʊlɛ taa kɔ yɔ: 
*Fikitoriya Kujomuu (68 100 km², 82 m)
* Tanganyika Kujomuu (32 900 km², 1 433 m)
* Malawi Kujomuu (30 900 km², 706 m)
* Turkana Kujomuu (6 405 km², 109 m)
* Rucha Kujomuu (5 760 km²)
* Albert Kujomuu (5 270 km², 51 m)
* Moero Kujomuu(5 120 km², 27 m)
* Kivu Kujomuu(2 700 km², 485 m)
* Édouard Kujomuu (2 150 km², 117 m)
* Kyoga Kujomuu (1 720 km², 5,7 m)
Afrɩka caanaʋ tɔm

Mbʋ pɩɩlaba Afrɩka taa payɩ, kpaɣ ɖooo caanaʋ nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩnɩ sɔnɔ nɛ pɩɖɛɛ yɔ payaɣ se Afrɩka caanaʋ tɔm. Room n̄ɩma n̄aakpaɣ Afrɩka tɛtʋ nɛ tɩ-hayi kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ ɖeɖe nɛ payaa se Afrɩka. Pʋwayɩ yɔ paya tɛtʋ ńdʋ tɩtɩŋa se Afrɩka. Ɛsɔ halɩn̄ɩnʋ nɔɔyʋ payawaɣ se "Ifri". Ɛnʋʋ Afrɩka n̄ɩma n̄aakpaɣa se pɛ-ɛsɔ. Ɛkɛ Bɛɛrɩbɛɛrɩ n̄ɩma ɛsɔ halɩn̄ɩnʋ.

Paa pɩɩla ɛzɩma yɔ, Afrɩka wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa ɛyʋ lɛɣ wɛʋ kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ. Ɛwɛʋ yɔ, pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ miiliyɔɔ waa 2,5 mbʋ yɔ. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, ɛyaa ɖɔʋ nɛ pɔɖɔʋ halɩ nɛ pɔkɔɔ pawadɩ Afrɩka tɛtʋ tɩŋa yɔɔ. Pʋcɔ nɛ caanaʋ tɔm paɣzɩ lɛ, lɩŋgamɩŋ sɔsɔŋ nɩɩyɛ kɛwɛ ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ payaɣ lɛɛlɛyɔ se sahara yɔ. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, Sahara pɩsɩ kan̄ɩmbusuu ɛjaɖɛ. Sahara ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩtɛyɩna Afrɩka tɛtʋ hɔɔlɩŋ sɔsɔŋ naalɛ. Sahara nɛ hayi kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa ajɛya nɛ Sahara nɛ hadɛ kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa n̄ɩna. Afrɩka nɛ hayi kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa caanaʋ tɔm nɩɣzɩna Mediterrannée teŋgu caanaʋ tɔm. Ajɛya wena alɛ n̄ɛwɛ Sahara nɛ pɩtɛɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa yɔ, alɛ tɔm n̄ɛwɛɛ. 

Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe naʋ lɛɣzɩtʋ sɔsɔtʋ naadozo  mbʋ payaɣ se "tɛkɩniiki" yɔ pʋ-nʋmɔʋ taa yɔ, ḿbʋ ɖɔɖɔ Afrɩka caanaʋ tɔm naa. Lɛɣzɩtʋ ńdʋ tiyeba nɛ ɛyʋ wezuu caɣʋ ɖɔɖɔ lɛɣzɩ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. 
* Kajalaɣ lɛ, ɛyʋ lubi miŋ. Elubu-i yɔ, pɩtala pɩnzɩ 800 000 yaa 400 000 mbʋ yɔ. Miŋ yeba nɛ ɛyʋ wezuu caɣʋ lɛɣzɩ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ.
* Nabʋlɛ lɛɣzɩtʋ kɔyɔ mbʋ payaɣ se *Neyolitiki* yɔ. Lɛɣzʋʋ nabʋlɛ n̄ɩmbʋ pʋnɛ; pɩlɩwa pɩtala ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 8000 yaa 2 000 mbʋ yɔ pʋcɔ palʋlɩ Yeesu Krɩstʋ. Lɛɣzʋʋ naalɛ n̄ɩmbʋ pʋnɛ piyeba nɛ haɖaʋ nʋmɔʋ lɛɣzɩ sakɩyɛ.
* Lɛɣzʋʋ nabudozo lɛ anasaayɩ n̄ɩɣtʋ lubu nʋmɔʋ. Mbʋʋ payaɣ se *Révolution Industrielle*. Lɛɣzʋʋ nabudozo n̄ɩmbʋ pʋnɛ piyeba nɛ ɛyʋ tɩlɩ mbʋ payaa se "énergie électrique nɛ énergie fossiles nɛ énergie fissiles yɔ.

Afrɩka nɛ hayi kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa samaɣ ŋga payaɣ se Perbemba (Bèrberes) yɔ kɛwɛɛ. Ɛyaa mba payaɣ se Fenisiyemba (Phénéciens) yɔ pɛlɛɣna kpacayʋʋ Perbemba. Paba wayɩ lɛ, Tuniizii ɛjaɖɛ taa n̄ɩma n̄akpacayɩ-wɛ. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, Room n̄ɩma nɛ Arabʋ n̄ɩma kpacayɩna-wɛ. Sɔnɔdaa mbʋ yɔ, Afrɩka nɛ hayi kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa malɩŋ kɩla ɖɔʋ. Anasaayɩnaa n̄azɩ Afrɩka nɛ hayi kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa ajɛya ɖɔɖɔ.

Sahara nɛ pɩtɛɛ kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa ajɛya taa n̄ɩma n̄aɖʋ kewiyisi ndɩ ndɩ. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, kewiyisi ńzɩ sɩ-taa sakɩyɛ sʋʋ malɩŋ Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ŋgbɛyɛ taa. Tobo se Afrɩka ajɛya kɛwɛ yomiye taa nɛ pʋcɔ pazɩ pazɩ alɛɛ yomiye ńɖɩ ɖɩ-taa nɛ awɛɛ a-tɩ yɔɔ lɛɛlɛyɔ. Kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1910 nɛ puwolo pɩnaɣ 1975 taa Afrɩka ajɛya lʋba nɛ alɩɩ yomiye taa.
Afrika kɩkpɛdʊʊ tɛ tɔm (Histoire de l'Afrique subsaharienne)

Sahara nɛ Hadɛ Afrika ɛjaɖɛ (yaa Afrika kɩkpɛdʊʊ), yaa ɛyaa kɩkpɛdaa tɛ ɛjaɖɛ pɩkɛ Afrika kedeŋga tɛ walanzɩ kɛ Sahara nɛ hadɛ yɔɔ kiŋ nɛ pɩtɛyɩ pɩlɩna ɖɩjaɣyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ cɔlɔ nɛ ɛsakuliye nɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ cɔlɔ nɛ lɛɣtʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ cɔlɔ kɛ hayi yɔɔ ajɛyɛ taa pɩtɩŋna ɛjaɖɛ wɛtʊ ɖoŋ ndʊ yɔɔ kɛ sʊŋgaɣ lakʊ sɔsɔʊ ɛjaɖɛ taa. 

Kedeŋga ŋga kɛ-tɛ ajɛyaa kpɛnda 48 (pɩtamna ajɛyɛ wenaa lɩm cɔyɛ nɛ pɩ-taa yɔ). Sahara nɛ Haɖɛ yɔɔ Afrika ɛjaɖɛ ɛyaa kaatalɩ miiliiyɔɔ naa 936 pɩnaɣ 2013 taa, pɩtɛ kɩgalʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɩlɩ se ɛyaa kaɣ talɩɣ miiliyari naa 1,5 pɩnaɣ 2050 taa.
 
Paa ajɛyaa a-naa awɛna tɔsʊʊ huu pʊɖɔɔ, ɛlɛ Sahara nɛ haɖɛ Afrika tɛ ajɛyaa a-naa awɛ tanɩm taa nɛ awɛ kʊñɔŋ taa tam. Tɔnʊʊ taa alaafɩya hɔɔlʊʊ taa lɛ, awɛna ñɔɔsɩ tɛ cɛʊtʊ nɛ siida nɛ pɩyaa cikpesi tɛ sɩm nɛ pɛfɛyɩ ɖoŋ alaafɩya hɔɔlʊʊ taa. Paa pɛcɛɛ patɩ nɛ sukuli wayɩ wayɩ wɛɣɛ a-nɛ a-taa kɔyɔ, evebiyaa miiliiyɔɔ naa sakɩyɛ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ halʊpiyaa fɛyɩna sukuli lɔŋ kajalaɣ ñɩŋ.
  
Pɛtɛyɩ Sahara nɛ hadɛ Afrika kedeŋga ageetaa naanza. Paya-yɛ hɩlaa a-nɛyɔ, Afrika nɛ Wɩsɩ Ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ Afrika nɛ Wɩsɩ Ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ Afrika hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ nɛ Afrika nɛ hadɛ yɔɔ. Sahara nɛ hadɛ Afrika payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se Afrika kɩkpɛdʊʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛyaa mba pɛwɛ ɛjaɖɛ ndɩ ɖɩ-taa yɔ pɛwɛna tomnaɣ kɩkpɛdaɣ. Ɛlɛ, Afrika nɛ Hayi kiŋ ɛyaa fɛyɩna tomnaɣ kɩkpɛdaɣ nɛ payaɣ kʊkʊ se Afrika kʊlʊmʊ. Ɛyaa po-tomnasɩ hʊlʊma (Arabɩ ɛyaa nɛ Bɛrɩbɛrɩ ɛyaa nɛ Egipiti ɛyaa).
 
Ɛyaa kɩkpɛda tɛ ɛjaɖɛ ndɩ ɖɩyaɣ se Afrika kedeŋga mbʊ yɔ ɖɩ-taa peeɖe tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ natʊyʊ taa paapɩzɩɣ pakalɩ ɛyaa pɩtalɩ miiliiyɔɔ kʊɖʊmʊ halɩ pɩtalɩ pɩnzɩ hiŋ loɖo ɛlɛ ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ lɛ papɩzɩ pakalɩ ɛyaa pɩtalɩ miiliiyɔɔ naa hiŋ natozo pɩnaɣ 2010 taa. Pɩkɛ ɛjaɖɛ ndɩ piyaa cikpesi tɛ sɩm tɔya yɔ yaa kɩlɩ ɖɔʊ yɔ (kudoku yɔɔ lɛ piyaa 121 sɩkɩ ŋgʊ ajɛyaa weewe ñɩna tɛ kudoku yɔ lɛ piyaa 7 sɩkɩna). 

Pɩtɛ kɩgalʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩpasa pɩnzɩ 1990 nɛ 2010 pɛ-hɛkʊ taa ajɛyɛ a-naa a-taa ɛlɛ Soomaalii nɛ  Simbaabuwee nɛ Kameruni ajɛyɛ fɛyɩ pɩ-taa. Ajɛyɛ nanza ɖɩna a-tɩ cɛyɩɣ Matakasɩkarɩ nɛ Liibeeriya nɛ Eritire nɛ Malaawi se alɩɩ kʊñɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa. Tɔm ndʊ tɩkɛ ajɛyɛ kɩkpɛndʊʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ pɩnaɣ 2000 se pɩsa nɛ palʊbɩna kʊñɔndʊtʊ ajɛyɛ kpanɛ nɔɔnɔ ŋkɔ ntalɩ pɩnaɣ 2015 alɩwaatʊ taa.
Afʊwanɩ

**Afʊwanɩ** ŋgʊ pahayʊʊ (Avena sativa L.) nabʊyʊ taa payaɣ-kʊ se Afʊwanɩ byzantine kɛ tɩŋ ŋgʊ pɩnzɩ naalɛ wayɩ lɛ, kʊɖʊʊ pee yɔ, kɩ-tɛ nɛ Avena, tɩŋ weyi ɛɖʊ ñʊŋ yaa lɔtʊ yɔ ɛ-tɛ tɩmʊʊ liɖe taa, nɛ pahayʊʊ-kʊ ɛzɩ mʊlʊm pee tɩŋ yaa kpɩna hatʊ ndʊ pɛsɛtʊʊ nɛ lɛŋ yɔ, kʊɔñɔʊ lɛ, kɩ-tɛ ho wɛ nɛkɛ nɛkɛ nɛ pɩwɛ leleŋ nɛ lakʊ taa kpɩna tɩŋga sɔɔlɩ-yɛ. kɩwɛ mʊlʊm pee tɩŋ weyi ɛkɛ kesi yɔ ɛ-taa nɛ palakɩnɛ-yɛ tʊmɩyɛ kajalaɣ taa kɛ kpɩna tɔɔnaɣ nɔmɔʊ taa (kɔzɩ kɔzɩ kpɩnaa naŋgbanzɩ naanza nzɩ sɩtɛmna cɩkpalʊʊ kʊyʊmʊʊ yɔ).
   

Afʊwanɩ ŋgʊ payaɣ Avena kɩtaa wɛ ɖɔɖɔ afʊwanɩ ŋgʊ pahayʊʊ yɔ pɔɖɔɔ nɛ pɛwɛ ndɩ ndɩ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Avena fatua, folle afʊwanɩ adventice haɖaaŋ sɔsɔɔŋ. Afʊwanɩ tɛ hɛtʊ taa wɛ abalɩtʊ nɛ halɩtʊ kpakpa nɛ heelim kpakʊʊ nɛ habalɩtʊ nɛ pawokina halɩtʊ cɔlɔ. Kɩtɛ ñɔʊ taa lɛ, kɩwɛna hayʊʊ ɛgbam kɛ ɖaʊ lɔɔ nakʊyʊ yɔ nɛ kɩ-ɖalakɩŋ maɣna sɛŋtɩmɛta naa 25 ŋtalɩ 150 mbʊ yɔ nɛ kɩyɔɔ pɔŋ wɛ ɖama taa. Kɩhatʊ yɔ fɛyɩ hʊndʊʊ ɛlɛ tɩɖalɩɣ, tɩwɛ ɖɔfɩɩ nɛ tɩwalanzɩ maɣna miliimɛtaa naa 2 ŋtalɩ 10 nɛ tɩcɔlʊʊ ɖama taa kɛ ɖaʊ yɔ.

      
Afʊwanɩ kɛ tɩŋ kʊdɔm wɛ ɖoŋ yɔ nɛ pʊdamʊna se pɔsɔ-kʊ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa fɛyɩ mʊzʊŋ yɔ yaa paapɩzɩɣ se paɖʊ peeɖe huɖe yaa anasaayɩ huɖe yɔ. Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, kɩɩlakɩ ɖenɖe lɩ pɩzɩɣ se pɩwadɩ kʊyɔɔ yɔ yaa ɖenɖe piliki-kʊ yɔ. Paahayʊʊ-kʊ ɖenɖe lɩm wadɩ yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ kɩlɩ yuŋ nɛ piyeki nɛ piliki-kʊ. Kɩɩlakɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɖenɖe kusoŋtuu wɛ tam yɔ, ɛzɩ ɖenɖe tɩŋ kɩlɩ ɖɔʊ yɔ.
 

 
Ɖɩcɔna kedeŋga kpeekpe yɔ kɔyɔ ɖinaɣ se afʊwanɩ haɖaʊ pasaa kpaɣ wayɩ wayɩ pɩnzɩ 50. Pʊtʊwaa kpaɣ miiliyɔɔ naa tɔɔnɩ naa 50 pɩnzɩ 1960 alɩwaatʊ taa ŋtalɩ miiliyɔɔ naa tɔɔnɩ naa 20 pɩnaɣ 2010 taa. Afʊwanɩ tatasɩ kɩkɛ kpɩna tɛ tɔɔna kɩpaŋga mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ samɩla nɛ ɔrɩgɩ lɛɛzɩ koloniyedaa.

Ajɛyɛ wena a-taa nikaɣ wɛ nɛ hayɩm wala yɔ a-taa kɛ afʊwanɩ haɖaʊ cɛyaa siŋ kedeŋga taa. Kedeŋga kpeekpe taa lɛ, Kanada ɛjaɖɛ kajalaɣ ɛjaɖɛ ndɩ ɖɩyekɩɣ nɛ polɩŋ taa (tɔɔnɩ naa miiliyɔɔ naa 2,1) nɛ Etaazuuni ñɛkɛnɛ kajalaɣ taa poliŋ taa mʊyʊʊ. Afʊwanɩ pee tɛ ŋgʊ palaka-kʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ paɖʊʊ kpaŋnaŋ mbʊ yɔ kɩwɛna setuu tɛ ɖoŋ nɛ pisetuu kpɩna. Kɩtɛ ɖoŋ wazaɣ tatalɩ pilee yaa ɔrɩgɩ.
Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm

Afrɩka kɛ tɛtʋ wandamm. Ajɛya nɩɩnʋwa nɛ kagbaanzɩ wɛna Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm taa. 

Yee pɛtɛyɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe tɛtʋ hɔɔlɩŋ mɩnʋʋ kɔyɔ, Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm kɛ hɔɔlɩŋ loɖo. Ɛlɛ, yee pɩkpɛndɩna hɔɔlɩŋ weyi lɩm wɛ ɛ-taa payɩ kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ nɛ pɛtɛyɩ kedeŋa hɔɔlɩ mɩnʋʋ kɔyɔ, Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm kɛ hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩlɛ (20). Yee pɩkpɛndɩna Afrɩka tɛ tɛtʋ cikpetu ndɩ ndɩ ndʋ lɩm cɔ-tʋ kontiko nɛ pɩta yɔ, Afrɩka walanzɩ kɛ 30 415 873 km2. 

Kedeŋa kpeekpe tɛtʋ wandamm waa naalɛ ɖeke kɩlɩna walʋʋ Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm. Afrɩka ɛyaa ñʋʋ kɛ miiliyaarɩ waa 1,2 nɛ pɩɖɛɛ pʋ-yɔɔ. Kedeŋa kpeekpe ɛyaa ɖɔʋ nʋmɔʋ taa lɛ, Aazii tɛtʋ wandamm kɩlɩna. Tɩ-wayɩ lɛ, Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm tɩŋna ɛyaa ɖɔʋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Pɩnaɣ 2016 taa, kedeŋa kpeekpe ɛyaa mɩnʋʋ yɔɔ lɛ, ɛyaa 16,4 wɛ Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm taa.

Afrɩka nɛ hayi kiŋ lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ Meditɛɛranee teŋu nɛ Suwɛɛzɩ hɛŋa. Afrɩka nɛ hayi kiŋ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ teŋu kɩsɛmʋʋ. Afrɩka nɛ hadɛ kiŋ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, ɖɩna Ɛɛdɩ lɩŋamʋʋ. Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, ɖɩna Atɩlantiki teŋgu.

Mbʋ payaɣ se ekuwatɛɛrɩ yɔ, pɩtɩŋna Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm hɛkʋ taa. Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm taa lɛ, hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɛ taa wɛ niikaɣ fɩnɩnɩ, hɔɔlɩŋ lɛɛŋ lɛ niikaɣ maɣna. Hɔɔlɩŋ lɛɛŋ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, soŋaɣ wɛɛ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ nɛ hɔɔlɩŋ lɛɛŋ lɛ, soŋaɣ maɣna. 

Tɛʋ ɛɛnɩɣ ɖoŋ ɖoŋ Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm taa. Afrɩka hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɛ taa lɛ, tɛʋ nɩɣ pɩnaɣ mpilim taa fenasɩ loɖo ɖeke. Hɔɔlɩŋ lɛɛŋ taa lɛ, tɛʋ pɩzɩɣ kɩnɩɩ pɩtalɩ fanasɩ lutozo yaa hiu mbʋ yɔ pɩnaɣ taa. 

Yee pɛtɛyɩ Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm hɔɔlɩŋ mɩnʋʋ kɔyɔ, hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩnʋwa nɛ hiu (60) tɛtʋ fɛyɩ mʋzʋŋ, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnʋ ɛwɛ wɩlɩŋ. Tɔɔnasɩ ɛɛlakɩ camɩyɛ hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnʋ ɛ-taa. Paa mbʋ yɔ, Afrɩka tɛtʋ wɛ mʋzʋŋ sakɩyɛ. 

Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm wɛna tɛtɛɛ ñɩm pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Mbʋ yebina Anasaayɩ naa huyuu-tʋ ɛzɩ hasɩ huyuu nandʋ yɔ. Halɩ pakʋma Afrɩka tɛtʋ hɩɖɛ se « Koboyaɣ tɛtʋ ». Laŋ sɔsɔŋ ndɩ ndɩ wɛ Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm taa. Ɛlɛ, tɩŋ tim nɛ tɩŋ kɩɩsɔʋ yeba nɛ laŋ paɣzɩ pasʋʋ pazɩ pazɩ Afrɩka tɛtʋ taa.

Ñɩnɩyaa sɔsaa sakɩyɛ tɔŋ se Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm taa ɛyʋ calɩ wɛʋ nɛ pʋcɔ ɛyaa kɔɔ pɔtɔyɩ nɛ posu kedeŋa kpeekpe. Pɔtɔma se, ɛyʋ calɩʋ wɛʋ Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm taa yɔ, pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ naalɛ mbʋ yɔ.
Agɔnta yaa matematiki tɔm pazʋʋ yɔ

Akɔnta tɔm pazʋʋ kedeŋga yɔɔ yɔ, pɩtala pɩnzɩ ɛgbaŋ ɛgbaŋ. Kedeŋga ajɛya ndɩndɩ taa pɩpazaa, ɛzɩ Siini, Hɛkʋ-nɛ-hɛkʋ Amerika taa ajɛya taa yɔ. Pɩsɩɩna pɩnzɩmɩnaɣ 17 ñɩŋga (XVIIe siècle) lɛ Akɔnta yaa matematiki sɩmtʋ kaakɛ ɛzɩ aho tɔm nɛ paa ahoye wenɖi kedeŋga hɔɔlʋʋ weŋgu kɩ-taa ’lɛ,  kɩ nɛ kɩ-tɔm. Pɩkpaɣʋna pɩnzɩmɩnaɣ 19 ñɩŋga (XIX siècle), nɛ pɩkɩlɩna pɩnzɩminaɣ 20 ñɩŋga (XX siècle) yɔɔ ñɩnɩyaa laba tʋma pʋ-yɔɔ pʋɖɔɔ nɛ weyi ɛsɩma wendu ’lɛ, ɛlɛ lakɩ se pɩyɛlɩ nɛ pɩtalɩ ɛyaa lalaa. Pʋmbʋ hana ɛyaa lɩmaɣza se matematiki wɛna kʋlɔmɩŋ ndɩndɩ’ɩ sakɩyɛ yɔ, pɩwɛɛ se pekpeɣli kɩ-tɔm hɔɔlɩŋ hɔɔlɩŋ nɛ patʋʋ hɔɔlɩŋ ɩnʋ’ʋ alɩwaatʋ nɛ pɩwɩlɩ se hɔɔlʋʋ kʋnɛ kɩ-tɔm ñɔ alɩwaatʋ tʋnɛ.
Ahʊna kʊnʊŋ

Ahʊna kʊnʊŋ (Ahʊna kʊnʊŋ taa: *Èʋe* ou *Èʋegbe*) pasɩma-kʊ nɛ kʊkʊnʊŋ maɣmaɣ eʋe taa nɛ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ se [e'βe] yaa Eʋegbe. Kɩ-kɛ gbe taa kpeɣluu kʊnʊŋ Kwa waa tɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ. Ahʊna kʊnʊŋ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ Kana ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ Kootidiivʊwarɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ Peenɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Kʊyɔɔdɩyaa talɩ ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ waa lʊbɛ nɛ pʊyɔɔ mbʊ yɔ pɩnaɣ 1991 taa. Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ gbe kʊnʊmɩŋ lɛɛŋ Ahʊna yɔɔdaɣ wɛ camɩyɛ.
    
Ahʊna kʊnʊŋ yiiduu paɖooye agɔma nɛ ahʊndʊ yaa Kwa kʊnʊmɩŋ lɛɛŋ ɛzɩ Abbey-ahʊna yaa Abévé yaa ɛwuujɛ nɛ pɩwɩlɩʊ se weyi ɛyɔɔdʊʊ Abé-ahʊna ŋgʊ kɩ-kɛ ki-maɣmaɣ yɔ yiiduu ɛ-tɩ nɛ Fɔŋ (Fɔŋgbɛ). Ɛyaa hɛkʊʊ taa kʊnʊŋ, ŋgʊ ɖɩyaɣ se ahʊna mbʊ yɔ, Loma tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ taa pakɩlɩʊʊ-kʊ yɔɔdʊʊ.
     
Ɖɩkpaɣ Afrika kedeŋga yɔ kɔyɔ ahʊna kʊnʊŋ pamana aseɣɖe tɔm takayaasɩ sɩŋ pɩkɔzɩna Diedrich Hermann Westermann tʊma labʊ yɔ. Ɛnʊ weyi ɛlɩza ahʊna tɔm kpoŋ nɛ tɔm tʊʊzʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ Gbe kʊnʊmɩŋ lɛɛŋ taa.
 
Kʊnʊmɩŋ kpɛlɛkɩyaa taa lɛɛlaa ɖʊ nesi ahʊna kʊnʊŋ kpɛlɛkʊ ñɩnʊʊ taa. Mba yɔ Gilbert Ansre laba nɔɔ wiluu nɛ tɔmpe cɔɔlʊʊ. Hounkpati B Capo laba nɔɔ wiluu kpɛlɛʊʊ nɛ nɔɔ pɩɩɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ. Herbert Stahlke laba tɔmʊʊ maʊ nɛ nɔɔ ɖoŋ kpɛlɛkʊʊ.

Roberto Pazzi laba ɛyʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ nɛ tɔmɩŋ tɔbɩŋ takayaɣ maʊʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ. Félix K. Ameka laba tɔmɩŋ tɔbʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ nɛ kʊnʊŋ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɩlɩʊ. Alan Stewart Duthie laba tɔmɩŋ tɔbʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ nɛ nɔɔ wiluu kpɛlɛkʊʊ. Flavien Gbéto laba nɔɔ kʊyʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ.
Akaŋgaa

Akaŋgaa kɛ leemuu, tɩŋ ŋgʊ payaɣ akaŋgaa yɔ kʊlʊlʊʊ nɛ akaŋgaanaa nɛ kɩwɛna PH 2,5. Akaŋgaa kɛ tɩŋ cikpeluu nɛ kʊ-kʊkʊyʊmɩŋ maɣna mɛtanaa 5 ntalɩ 10 mbʊ yɔ. Kɩ-hatʊ wɛ kpɩzɩŋ nɛ tɩɩtɔʊ paa wɩlɩŋ alɩwaatʊ taa, kɩwɛ tɩŋ weyi ɛ-taa wɛ pee wili wili tɛ tɩmʊʊ liɖe taa. Akaŋgaa ŋgʊ kɩpʊʊ lɛ, ku-hutu wɛ tɩŋ hatʊ kpɛdɩŋ nɛ pɩpɩsɩɣ sʊtʊ lɩm tɩyɛ pɩlɩnɛ niikaɣ cɔlɔ. Kɩ-tɛ pɩɣʊ pazʊʊ kpiziɣɖe alɩwaatʊ ntalɩ nzɩnɛ salaŋ kedeŋga nɛ hayi yɔ kiŋ ajɛyɛ taa. Kɩ-taa mʊtʊ lɩm wɛ leleŋ pɩwɛ ñɩmɩŋ nɛ pɩtaa wɛ fitamini C, mbʊ yebina nɛ kɩ-tɛ sɩʊ wɛ kɛlɛʊ nɛ kɩ-tɩ mɩzɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɩŋga taa pɩlɩnɛ mɛlɛnaa nɔmɔŋ woɖaa cɔlɔ mba palakaɣ-kʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ se pehiɣ wezʊʊ amini C kʊdɔŋ yɔ (scorbut). Palɩzɩɣ ku-hutu taa num nabʊyʊ pɩtaa wɛ akaŋgaa ñɩmɩŋ lɩm (limonène nɛ citral).
  
Akaŋgaanaa mba pɛwɛ leleŋ yɔ pɛkɛ tɩŋ pee wena pahayʊʊ yɔ nɛ pɩtɛ lɩm fɛyɩ ñɩmɩŋ sakɩyɛ. Sɛmɩŋ sɔzɩŋ nɛ nzulɩmɩyɛ yɔ leleŋ nɛ ñɩmɩŋ ɖoŋ yam sikiri nɛ num taa ñɩm koŋ lɛɛzʊʊ lɩnɛ pɩtɛ wɛtʊ cɔlɔ, tɛtʊʊ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩwɛyɛ alɩwaatʊ cɔlɔ nɛ pɩɣʊ nɛ akaŋgaa pɩnzɩ nɛ tamtʊ ɖɔkʊʊ, pɩpɩsʊʊ kpoŋkpolo tayɩ ŋgʊ paakpakʊʊ leleŋ yɔ.
    
Palakɩ-kʊ nɛ saladɩ yee fɩnɛkɩrɩ ɛ-fɛyɩ kɔyɔ. Pe-siduu kɩ-nɛ lɩm lɛ, pɩpɩsɩɣ sʊlʊm kpem, pe-siduu-kʊ nɛ tɔnasɩ lɛɛsɩ sakɩyɛ. Passama-kʊ pɩŋ pɩlɩnɛ mbʊ kʊkʊʊ azuuma nɛ kʊdɔmɩŋ mbʊ lɛ, palakɩ-kʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ pɩɖaŋgʊʊ ɛyʊ liu tɛ wɩzasɩ nɛ kɩ-ɖaŋgʊʊ ɛyʊ nesi kʊzɔɔtʊ tʊma ɖɩlaɖɛ taa. Palakɩ-kʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ajana wondʊʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ ɖɩlaɖɛ taa nɛ kɩ-sɛzʊʊ nɛ kɩ-lozuu ɛyʊ tɔmnaɣ. Kɩ-tɛ leleŋ lɩm lʊkɩna ɛyʊ tɛ ɛvam nɛ kɩ-yeki se ɛyʊ ɛwɛnɛ yɔɔdɔɣ tɛ nɔɔ kɩbaŋga. Kɩ-tɛ fitamini C ɖɔʊʊ nɛ kɩ-tɛ kʊdɔmɩŋ kʊɣʊ yeba se akaŋgaa ɛkɛ piye ndɩ yolim taa lɛ, palʊkɩna azuuma yɔ. Akaŋgaa lɩm yɔɔlʊʊ ɛyʊ taa tɔɔnaɣ camɩyɛ.
Ajɛyɛ ñʊŋ yɔɔ caɣʊ tɔm ɖɩzʊʊ (Décolonisation)

Ajɛyɛ ñʊʊŋ yɔɔ caɣʊʊ tɔm ɖɩzʊʊ, pɩkɛ ɛsakuliye tɔm kpɛlɛkʊʊ mbʊ palaba Ampiiri pacaɣ ma-ñʊʊŋ yɔɔ waa tɛ kɛ ajɛyɛ ɖoŋ ñɩna wena akɔma nɛ acaɣa lɛɛna yɔɔ yɔ a-ɛsɩnda. Maɣzɩm mbʊ pɩtɩna nɛ ajɛyɛ pacaɣa ma-ñʊʊŋ yɔɔ waa hiɣ tɩyɔɔ wɛʊ tɛ sooci. Pɩpaɣzɩna caɣ pɩnaɣ 1775 Amerika ɛjɛɖɛ taa, ɛlɛ, kedeŋga kpeekpe you naalɛ ŋgʊ wayi tɔm ŋgʊ kʊñɔɔ. Kpɛɖɛɣɛ mbʊ lɛ, tɩ-tɩwalɩ kedeŋga kpeekpe taa pɩkpɛndɩna kajalaɣ ajɛyɛ lɩʊʊ tɛ ɖɔʊ kpaɣ kpaɣɖʊ 20 alɩwaatʊ taa. ONU maɣmaɣ ha waɖɛ takayaɣ se paɖɩzɩ tɔm ndʊ.
 
Tɩyɔɔ wɛʊ you Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa wɛ ɛzɩ kajalaɣ laɣsɩ nzɩ sɩtɩna ñʊʊ yɔɔ caɣʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ ɖɩzʊʊ yɔ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Amerika ɛyaa kʊɖʊma mba pañɩŋga siŋ se peseɣti tɩyɔɔ wɛʊ tɔm ajɛyɛ wena Erɔpʊ caɣ a-yɔɔ yɔ a-taa kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Ɛsɩpañɔɔlɩ ñna taa. Tovenim taa lɛ, Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ hiɣ tɩyɔɔ wɛʊ pɩtɩŋna yoŋ sɔsɔŋ nɩɩyɛ pa nɛ tɛtʊ ñʊʊŋ yɔɔ caɣyaa, pɩtɛkɛ pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa poyouna. Pɩlabʊ mbʊ lɛ, pɩfɛyʊʊ tɛtʊ tɩnaa yɔɔ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ pakʊ-wɛ, pɔtɔyɩtʊ-wɛ, ɛyaa mba lɛ, Erɔpʊ mba nɛ pehiɣ ɖoŋ siŋ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pɛ-ɛyaa lɩna Erɔpʊ nɛ pɔkɔɔ pɔsɔzɩ pɔ-yɔɔ yɔ.

Ñʊʊ yɔɔ caɣʊ tɔmpiye tʊmɩyɛ labɩnaʊ tatʊzɩ camɩyɛ pʊtɔbʊ se ɖiyiduu yaa ɖɩfɛyɩ nɩɣʊ. Cɩnɛ lɛ ɖɩnɩɣ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛjaɖɛ ɖoŋ ñɩnɖɛ ndɩ ɖiyeba-ɖɩ, ɛlɛ ɖɩtalɩzɩ ɖɩ-nesi ɖɩ-nɛyɔ ɖɩ-tɔm taa, yaa ɖitikizi ɖɩ-nɛyɔ. Tɩyɔɔ wɛʊ mbʊ Amerika ajɛyɛ nʊʊŋ yɔɔ caɣa mʊwa yɔ, siɣe taa lɛ, pɩkɛ-wɛ ɖoŋ lɩmaɣza wena papɩzɩ nɛ pacaɣa ajɛyɛ lɛɛna yɔɔ yɔ. Pɩpɩsɩ-wɛ yoŋ Wɩsɩ Ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ pa-nɛ Ɛsɩpanɔɔlɩ ɛyaa nɛ Fransɩɩ ɛyaa. Mbʊ pɩtɩna nɛ pɔtɔyɩtɩ ajɛyɛ tɛtʊ taa ɛyaa.
     
Kajalaɣ kedeŋga kpeekpe you alɩwaatʊ taa, Kewiyaɣ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛ arabɩ politiki ŋgʊ kɩɩwɛ ɖooo hooho Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ, wala pɩtɩŋna kɩ-ɛyaa nabɛyɛ yɔɔ ɛzɩ Lawrence se pɩsa nɛ arabɩ ajɛyɛ lʊbɩna ottomanɩ Ampiiri. Lidau pazʊtʊ ndʊ palaba arabɩ ɛyaa yɔ palaba-tʊ ɖɔɖɔ Yuɖa ɛyaa nɛ Kurde ɛyaa se pɩsa nɛ pacamɩ koyondu Turki tʊ.
 
Pɩlɩna you ŋgʊ kʊyɔɔ lɛ, politiki ŋgʊ kiyele nɛ pɩtalɩ Sykes-Picot tɔm yɔɔ nɛ Khan Mayssaloun tɛ ɖama kpaʊ nɛ pɩɖɩzɩ arabɩ ajɛyɛ kpɛndʊʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɛ piyele patʊlɩ ajɛyɛ kɩfana Wɩsɩ Ɖɩlɩyɛ Cɔlɔ Kpam taa. Ajɛyɛ ana yɔ Siiri nɛ Irakɩ nɛ Transjordani wena acaɣa pazɩ ajɛyɛ kɩkpɛndʊʊ nesi tɛɛ yɔ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ Palesitini nesi tɛ nɛ palabɩ-ɖɩ Yuda ajɛyɛ mɩzaɣ yɔ pɩtɩŋna wiyaʊ pɩɣa Faycal tɔm yɔɔ, ɛnʊ weyi arabɩ ajɛyɛ ñʊʊ tʊ weyi ɛlʊbɩna Turki ɛyaa yɔ.
Agatha Christie

Payaɣ Ɖoɖoo Agatha Christie ɖɔɖɔ se Agatha Mary Clarissa Miller. Ɖoɖoo Agatha Mary Clarissa Miller ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ halʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ siŋŋ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɖoɖoo ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ Aŋgletɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa pɛlɔ. Ɖoɖoo Agatha Mary Clarissa Miller wɛ ñʋʋ taa lɔŋ siŋŋ.

Palʋla-ɩ salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ kagbanzɩ (15) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1890 n̄ɩŋga taa. Caanaʋ tɔm tɩlɩyaa tɔŋ se patatɩlɩ siŋŋ tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa palʋlɩ Ɖoɖoo Ɖoɖoo Agatha Mary Clarissa Miller yɔ camɩyɛ. Ɛkɛ n̄amtʋ pɩɣa siŋŋ ɛ-taabalaa nɛ samaɣ ŋga ɛwɛ ka-taa yɔ pɔ-cɔlɔ.

 yɔ.

Ɛkɛ halʋ weyi ɛfɛyɩ felendu yɔ. Ɖoɖoo Agatha Mary Clarissa Miller ɛnɛ, ɛsɩba kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ naalɛ (12) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1976 n̄ɩŋga taa. Patatɩlɩ tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa ɛsɩba yɔ. Ɛsɩkaɣ lɛ, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ hiŋ lʋbɛ nɛ loɖo (76).

Ɖoɖoo Agatha Mary kɛkɛ takayɩsɩ maʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛɛkɛ halʋ weyi ɛsɩma ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ labʋ camɩyɛ yɔ. Ɛɛkɛ takayɩsɩ sɩnɖʋ nɔɔyʋ siŋŋ ɖɔɖɔ, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, ɛɛkɛ halʋ mɛ-ɛza kulaa nɔɔyʋ. Ɛ-ɛza cɛba nɛ atɛ akuli ɖɔɖɔ.

Ɖoɖoo Agatha Mary Clarissa Miller ma takayasɩ sakɩyɛ pɩlɩɩna ɖiɣɖiɣ caɣʋ paɣtʋ yɔɔ ɖɔm nʋmɔʋ taa. Ɖoɖoo Agatha Mary Clarissa Miller hɩɖɛ sɛ siŋŋ kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ.

Ɛɛkɛ n̄ɩnɩyʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ siŋŋ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɖoɖoo ɛnɛ, ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ laba sakɩyɛ leleŋ siŋŋ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ Ɖajaa Hercule Poirot nɛ Ɖoɖoo Miss Marple tʋma kɛdɩnaɣʋ sakɩyɛ yɔ. Ɖoɖoo Agatha Christie takayasɩ nasɩyɛ hɩla yɔ : *Le Crime de l'Orient-Express*, nɛ *Dix petits nègres*, nɛ *Mort sur le Nil* nɛ *Le Train de 16h50*.
Akira Kurosawa

Akira Kurosawa (黒澤 明, Kurosawa Akira), ɛɛkɛ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm naa tʊmɩyɛ laɖʊ, ɛkɛ lɩzɩyʊ, tanaŋ yaa amʊza laɖʊ, palʊla-ɩ Tokiyo tɛtʊ taa lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 23 pɩnaɣ 1910 nɛ ɛsɩ Tokyo tɛtʊ taa peeɖe salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 6 pɩnaɣ 1998 alɩwaatʊ taa. Ɛ-nɛ Yasujirō Ozu nɛ Kenji Mizoguchi, ɛɛkɛ sinimaɣ naa tʊmɩyɛ labɩya taa waɖʊ sɔsɔ nɔyʊ kɛ wɛɛ ana a-tɛ alɩwaatʊ taa. Pɩnzɩ 57 taka taa mbʊ yɔ ɛpɩza ɛla kɛlɛm kɛlɛm naa 30 tʊmɩyɛ. 

Akira Kurosawa paza ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ ɛzɩ sɩnɩyʊ nɛ tanaŋ laɖʊ pɩnaɣ 1936. Pɩnaɣ 1943, kedeŋga kpeekpe you sɔsɔʊ alɩwaatʊ taa, ɛla ɛ-tɛ kajalaɣ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm (Sugata Sanshiro). Lutozo ŋgʊ lɩɩ pɩnaɣ 1948 nɛ pasam-kʊ kpem nɛ ɛ-hɩɖɛ kʊyɩ ɛsɔta. Kɛlɛm kɛlɛm ŋgʊ lɩzɩyʊ Toshirō Mifune paɣzɩna nɛ ɛlɩzɩ lalaa papa kpɛndɩ 16 ɛ-nɛ Kurosawa.  

Ɛ-nɛ Rashōmon, weyi nɛ palɩzɩ kajalaɣ ñɩŋgʊ Tokyo kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1950 alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ, Akira Kurosawa mʊ pɩnaɣ 1951 tɔɔyʊʊ sika ñɩŋgʊ Venise Mostra tɛtʊ taa, kɩhɛyɩɣ ŋgʊ panɩ kʊ-tɔm Eerɔpʊ tɛtʊ taa nɛ Amerika nɛ hayɩ kiŋ ajɛyɛ taa. Kɛlɛm kɛlɛm ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ samtʊ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ cɔlɔ nɛ takayasɩ mayaa cɔlɔ tʊlɩ nɔnɔsɩ Japɔŋ sinema tʊmɩyɛ laɖa Wɩsɩ Ɖɩɖɩyɛ ajɛyɛ taa nɛ piyele nɛ patɩlɩ-wɛ paa ɛjɛɖɛ ndɩ lɛ ɖɩ-taa. Kpaɣna pɩnaɣ 1950 nɛ ŋtalɩ 1960 hɛkʊ taa mbʊ yɔ Akira Kurosawa lakaɣ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm paa pɩnaɣ ŋga. Pa-taa kɔyɔ Fezuu labʊ (生きる, Ikiru pɩnaɣ 1952), Samouraïs waa lʊbɛ (七人の侍, Shichinin no samurai) pɩnaɣ, Yojimbo (用心棒, Yōjimbō) pɩnaɣ 1961.   

Palʊla Akira pɩnaɣ 1910 kɛ Ōmori kooka taa (Shinagawa hɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊ) Tokiyo tɛtʊ taa. Ɛ-caa Isamu, palʊla ɛlɛ samouraïs liɖe taa kɛ Akita egeetiye taa, ɛɛkɛ sukuli hɔɔlʊʊ kɩlɛlʊʊ taa sɔɔjana hoɖe tʊmɩyɛ wɩlʊʊ ñʊʊ tʊ, ŋgʊ e-ɖoo ñaakɛ Osaka liɖe naɖɩyɛ taa tadɩyɛ laɖaa tʊ. Ɛɛkɛ tɩnʊʊ pɩɣa kɛ piyaa lʊbɛ taa. Pa-taa naalɛ katɛma paɣlʊʊ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ palʊla-ɩ yɔ nɛ ɛ-kɔɔ nɔyʊ ñatɩsɩbʊ pɩnzɩ pazɩ wayɩ yem. Kurosawa paɣlɩ ɛ-ɖalaa natozo nɛ ɛ-kɔɔna hɛkʊ taa kɛnɛ.  

Pʊkɔma nɛ sinema ŋgʊ kɩyɔɔdʊʊ yɔ kɩlɩ lɛ pɩnzɩ 1930 alɩwaatʊ taa mbʊ yɔ lɛ, liidiye kɛtɛɖaɣ kpa Heigo, kʊyʊm ɛnʊ payaɣ mbʊ nɛ pɩkɛ-ɩ kɩjɛyʊ se ɛpɩsɩ ɛ-caa naa cɔlɔ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ese-wɛ. Mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1933 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, Heigo kʊ ɛ-tɩ nɛ ɛ-halʊ. Fenasɩ naanza wayi ɛzɩ ɛsɩbʊ yɔ lɛ, ɛ-ɖalʊ kajalaɣ tʊ yaa sɔsɔ ñɩnʊ ɖɔɖɔ ñasɩ.
Akbar

Jalâluddin Muhammad Akbar, Persanɩ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, جلال‏ الدين محمّد أكبر Jalālu d-Dīn Muḥammad ʾAkbar taa lɛ, (Umarkot, Aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 14 pɩnaɣ 1542- Āgrā, Aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 27 pɩnaɣ 1605), ɛnʊ kɛna moghol Ampiiri ñʊʊ tʊ pɩnaɣ 1556 ŋkɔɔ ŋtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1605 alɩwaatʊ. Pɔtɔŋ se ɛnʊ kaakɩlɩ kenkeŋ akbar waa taa kɛ arabɩ-monghol ɛjaɖɛ taa. Palʊla Akbar kɛ kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ ŋga kɛ-ɛsɛ kula yɔ ka-taa, caanaa naanza kaataka ɛlɛ patapɩzɩ se pɛkpɛlɛkɩ-ɩ kalʊʊ.  

Pɩnaɣ 1556 lɩwa lɛ, ɛmʊ ɛ-caa kewiyaɣ ɛlɛ, paya se Humâyûn, kɛ malɩŋ ɛjaɖɛ cikpaɖe naɖɩyɛ taa. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ewoba nɛ ɛwɛɛ alɩuwaatʊ ndʊ ese Perse ɛjaɖɛ yɔ. Mbʊ lɛ, ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 14 nɛ ɛ-caa lɛlʊ hʊʊ tɔm e-lone taa ɛlɛ yɔ Bairam Khân. Pɩtɩŋna ɛ-tɛ sɩnaʊ nɛ ɛ-ɛyaa pɔ-yɔɔ lɛ, ɛwa Pânipat you pɩnaɣ kʊyʊmaɣ ŋga ka-taa pɛ-nɛ Bihar Afgan tɛ ɛyaa poyowaɣna. Ɛkpaɣ lɩmaɣza pɩnaɣ 1560 se Bairam Khân ɛtatasɩ tɔm hʊʊ nɛ ɛlɛ tetisina-ɩ kɛlɛ ɛtɩ kʊʊ-ɩ. Akbar kpa ɛcaɣ kewiyaɣ kpelaɣ yɔɔ kɛ Ɛndɩ nɛ kɩ-hayi kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa.

Akbar tasɩ yebu nɛ ɛ-tɛ Ampiiri paɣlɩ pɩtɩŋna Goujerat you yɔ pɩnaɣ 1573, Bengale pɩnaɣ 1576, Sind pɩnaɣ 1590, Orissa pɩnaɣ 1592 nɛ Balouchîstân pɩnaɣ 1594. Ɛ-ɖalʊ Hakîm sɩm yɔɔ lɛ, ɛlɛ kaakɛna Kaboul wiyaʊ pɩnaɣ 1585, peyebina-ɩ Cachemire. Pʊwayi lɛ, ɛpazɩ yoŋ nɛ Ɛndɩ nɛ kɩ-hadɛ yɔɔ kiŋ ɛyaa.

Akbar wɩlɩ ɛ-tɩ ɛkɛ tʊma yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ kɩbanʊʊ nɛ ɛtɛzɩɣ ñɔɔzʊʊ Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ Sher Shâh Sûrî kaapaza ɛnʊ weyi ɛɖɔna ɛ-caa Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ. Ɛtayɩ Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ tindima 15 nɛ hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa kɩwɛna ñʊʊ tʊ weyi ɛkɛ sɔɔja yɔ. Nawâb Nazîm kɛ samaɣ tʊma yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ nɛ Dîwân cɔnɩna liidiye tʊma yɔɔ. Ɛɖʊ lambuu tɛtʊ ndʊ pahayʊʊ yɔ tɩ-yɔɔ. Ɛkɛ suuɖu ɛyʊ mbʊ lɛ, ekpeɣ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ tɔm taa, ɛɖɩzɩɣ pɩnaɣ 1563 taa kɛ jiziya, ɛkpaɣ hindou halʊ, Mariam az-Zamânî  râja Amber Bihârî Mal pɛlɛ, pɩɣa ŋga kaaka-ɩ lɛɛzɩɣ yɔ ko-ɖoo. Kɛlɛ hindou ɛyaa ɛ-tʊma taa nɛ ɛ-sɔɔjanaa taa, mbʊ pɩtɩna ɛ-nɛ Rajput waa ɛkpaɣdɩyɛ lɛ.
Al-Khwarizmi

**Muhammad Ibn Mūsā al-Khuwārizmī**, walaa taa lɛ, patʊɣʊ nɛ paya se Al-Khwarizmi. Palʊla-ɩ pɩnzɩ 780 wɛɛ taa, e-liɖe kɛ Khiva tɛ Khzarezm ageeta taa, peeɖe paha-ɩ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ. Lone nɖɩ payaɣ sɔnɔ se Uzbɛkɩstaɣ. Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛsɩba pɩnaɣ 850 cɔlɔ mbʊ yɔ Bagdad tɛtʊ taa. Ɛɛkɛ tʊzɩyɛ laɖʊ yaa ɛɛkɛ lɛɣtʊ ɛyʊ, tɛtʊ wɛtʊ tʊzɩtʊ niye mʊyʊ, tɩyɩnzɩ tɩyɩnaʊ tʊmɩyɛ laɖʊ nɛ tɩyɩnzɩ yɔɔ kpɛlɛkʊʊ niye mʊyʊ. 

Ɛkɛ Bagdad lɔŋ sɩnɖaa ɖɩɣa taa ɛyʊ. Ɛma ɛ-takayasɩ tɩŋa payɩ nɛ arabɩ kʊnʊŋ taa nɛ palɩzɩ matʊ ndʊ nɛ latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa kpaɣ nɛ kpaɣɖʊ 12 alɩwaatʊ taa nɛ pɩsɩna nɛ palɩzɩ ñʊŋ lɛɛzɩtʊ kalɩtʊ kɛ Eerɔpʊ ajɛyɛ taa. Ɛ-tɛ fezuu caɣʊ maɣna abbassidi waa kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ alɩwaatʊ yaa wɛɛ. 

Ɛ-hɩɖɛ tɩna se palɩzɩ tɔmʊʊ algorithme, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se nɔmɔŋ wɩlɩɣ takayaɣ (papɩsɩ ɛ-hɩɖɛ latɛŋ nɖɛ nɛ paya se Algoritmi) nɛ ɛ-tʊma sakɩyɛ taa hɩɖɛ ñʊʊ tɩna palɩzɩ ñʊŋ lɛɛzʊʊ kalɩtʊ tɔmʊʊ. Arabɩ tɛ ñʊŋ kalɩtʊ nɛ pɩtɛ tɔm pɩtalɩ Hɛkʊ taa Wɩsɩ Ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ Erɔpʊ lɩna Ɛɛndɩ ñʊŋ kalɩyasɩ wɛtʊ nɩnaʊ cɔlɔ ɛ-takayaɣ lɛɛka, ŋga posusa kɔ-tɔm nɛ kʊnʊŋ taa abbasside tɛ Ampiiri taa yɔ.     

Pʊtɔpɔzɩ se pesidi yaa peyiidi lɛɣtʊ tʊ ɛnʊ nɛ pɛɖɩsɩ tʊ lɛlʊ Abu-'Abdollâh Mohammad Khuwârizmi, weyi ɛkɛ Mafâtih al-'Olum kiɖe ɖʊyʊ yɔ (lɛɣtʊ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ nɔnɔɔ ñɩma), ɛsakuliye takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ ŋga pama pɩnzɩ 976-997 alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ. Patatɩlɩ Al-Khawarizmi wezuu caɣʊ taa mbʊ pʊɖɔŋa yɔ sakɩyɛ. Kɛlɛ pekpekuu se pʊwɛ ɛzɩ palʊla-ɩ Khiva tɛtʊ taa pɩnaɣ 780. Aseɣɖe tɔm sakɩyɛ wɛ nɛ pɩwɩlɩɣ ɛ-lɛɣtʊ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ tʊma sakɩyɛ. Ɛɛkɛ lɛɣtʊ tʊ nɛ tɛtʊ wɛtʊ tʊzɩtʊ niye mʊyʊ ɛtɛ ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ kɩbɩnjaazɩ tɔm kɛdɩyʊ mbʊ lɛ, pɔtɔ ɖɔɖɔ se ɛkɛ ñʊŋ lɛɛzɩtʊ kalɩtʊ caa.

Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛkɛ tʊzɩyɛ tʊma sakɩyɛ tɛ kɩɖe ɖʊyʊ. Tʊma ana adaa kɩkɩlɩyɛ paya se Kitābu 'l-mukhtaṣar fī ḥisābi 'l-jabr wa'l-muqābalah (كتاب المختصر في حساب الجبر والمقابلة) nɖɩ posusa ɖɩ-tɔm Al-Ma’mūn kewiyaɣ alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ (pɩnzɩ 813-833), nɛ pamazɩ kɩkɛ kajalaɣ wonuu ŋgʊ palaba-kʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ñʊŋ lɛɛzɩtʊ kalɩtʊ ɖeɖe yɔ. Takayaɣ ŋga kata wɛ ñʊŋ loɖo.

Pamaza se Diophante Alexandrie ñɩnʊ kɛnɛ ñʊŋ lɛɛzɩtʊ kalʊʊ wɩlɩyʊ, Al-Khwariwmi tasɩmɩ-ɩ pʊɖɔɔ. Ɖɩcɔna kɔyɔ, kajalaɣ ñʊŋ kɩtɩlɩŋ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ lɩ ɖooo tobi akɔnta labʊ pɩtɩŋna siɣsiɣ kitinau nɛ tʊkaɣ ɖʊʊ pɩnzɩ wayɩ, kpaɣɖʊ 9 alɩwaatʊ tɛmtʊ taa, yaa Al-Khwarizmi sɩm wayɩ pɩtalɩ pɩnzɩ nɩnʊwa mbʊ yɔ. Nɛ mbʊ ɛsɔza pɩtasɩ kajalaɣ takayaɣ kanɛ kɔyɔ yɔ yeba se pamazɩ se Al-Khwarizmi kɛnɛ ñʊŋ lɛɛzɩtʊ kalʊʊ caa.
Alaa al-Aswany

Weyi payaɣ se Alaa al-Aswany yɔ, palʋla-ɩ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ lutozo (28) ñɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1957 taa. Palʋla-ɩ Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ taa Kɛɛrɩ tɛtʋ taa. Ɖajaa Alaa al-Aswany kɛ takayɩsɩ maʋ nɛ ɛtɛ ɛkɛ kɔ laɖʋ. Ɛlakɩ kela kʋdɔmɩŋ kɔ. Kɛɛrɩ tɛtʋ taa ɛlakɩ kela kʋdɔmɩŋ kɔ ana. Kɛɛrɩ kɛŋna Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ.

Takayɩsɩ mayʋ Alaa al-Aswany hɔʋ taa ñɩma kɛ takayɩsɩ sɩnɖaa pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Payaɣ ɛ-caa se Abbas al-Aswany. Ɛ-caa kɛ takayɩsɩ mayʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Takayɩsɩ mayʋ Alaa al-Aswany laba ɛ-hɛkʋ taa sukuli Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛlaba kela kʋdɔmɩŋ waʋ sukuli, Illinois sukuli kɩtɛzʋʋ, Chicago tɛtʋ taa, Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa.

Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa mba papam Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ kewiyaɣ nɛ ɛza yɔ, paɖʋ politiki ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ payaɣ pɛ-ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ se « Kifaya » ŋgbɛyɛ. Pɛ-ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ, ɖɩ-hɩɖɛ tɔbʋʋ kɔyɔ se « Pɩmaɣ ḿbʋ ». Takayɩsɩ maʋ sɔsɔ Alaa al-Aswany nɛ ɖajaa Sonallah Ibrahim paɖʋna ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ. 

Politiki ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ, ɖɩlʋkɩ se pɔtɔ caca nɛ palɩzɩ Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ kɩfalʋʋ. Ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩlʋkɩ se mulum nabʋyʋ ɛtaawɛɛ caca ŋgʋ pɔtɔʋ yɔ kɩ-taa. Pɩfɛyɩ se pakpa nɔɔyʋ nɛ ɖoŋ se ɛtɔ kañidaa weyi ɛtɔsɔɔlɩ yɔ. Pʋwɛɛ se paa weyi lɛ, ɛwɛɛ ɛ-tɩ yɔɔ nɛ ɛtɔ caca ŋ́gʋ nɛ ɛlɩzɩ kañɩdaa weyi ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛkɛ Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ yɔ.

Takayɩsɩ mayʋ sɔsɔ Alaa al-Aswany takayɩsɩ ndɩ ndɩ nzɩ ɛmaa yɔ, sɩ-taa lɛ, takayaɣ ŋga ɛyaa se « L’Immeuble Yacoubian » yɔ, ka-taa tɔm siɣdi Aarabʋ waa ɛjɛya taa ɛyaa pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Pɩnaɣ 2002 taa ɛ-takayaɣ ŋ́ga kalɩwa. Ka-taa tɔm wɛ yuŋ ɖenɖe yɔ yebina nɛ patɩŋ pɛɖɛzɩ-tʋ kʋnʋmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛɛlɛ (20) taa, halɩ pɩɖɛɛ pʋ-yɔɔ.
Alan Turing

**Alan Mathison Turing**, palʊla-ɩ mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 23 pɩnaɣ 1912 kɛ Lɔndrɩ tɛtʊ taa. Ɛyʊ ɛnɛyɔ ɛsɩ mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 7 pɩnaɣ 1954 kɛ Wilmslow. Ɛɛkɛ lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩyʊ nɛ mɛɛsaɣ tɛ maʊ tʊ kɛ Pritaniki tɛtʊ taa, ɛnʊ tɩna anasayɩ ñɩɣtʊ tʊma tɩlɩyɛ tɛ kiɖe. 

Ɛyʊ ɛ-tɛ laɣsɩ yeba se pasɩ Church lɩmaɣza tam yɔɔ, weyi ɛyɔka lɛɣtʊ tɔmpiye taa mbʊ ɛzɩ papɩzɩ pakpaɣ-ɖɩ nɛ palabɩnɛ akɔnta yɔ. You sɔsɔʊ wayɩ lɛ, ɛnʊ lɛɣna labʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ anasaayɩ ñɩɣyʊʊ ŋgʊ ɖɩyaɣ se ɔɔrɩdɩnatɛɛrɩ yɔ kʊyɔ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe nɛ eseɣti ndɔnjɔlɩyɛ tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ kʊyɔ se ɛzɩ papɩzɩ polu lɛɣtʊ, yes pakpakʊʊ Turing lɩmaɣza. E-fezuu caɣʊ tobi ŋgʊ wayɩ lɛ, ɛsɔɔlɩ ɛzɩma pɛkpɛlɛkɩ pɩɣa pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ kɛ-tɛ paɣlʊʊ nɛ Turing matʊ. 

Kpaɣ kedeŋga kpeekpe you sɔsɔʊ naalɛ ŋgʊ alɩwaatʊ taa, ɛlaba tʊmɩyɛ sakɩyɛ Enigma ñɩɣyʊ ɛlɛ, mbʊ payi ɛlaba yɔ pɩɩwɛ mɛɛsaɣ tɛ nɛ Caama sɔɔjɔnaa lakɩna tʊmɩyɛ. Pɩtɛ wɛtʊ yeki nɛ pɔyɔkɩ mɛɛsaɣ tɛ matʊ, nɛ tɔm kɛdɩyaa sakɩyɛ cɔlɔ lɛ, piyeki nɛ paɖaŋ kpɛndɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ ɖoŋ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ naalɛ mbʊ yɔ. 

Pʊkɔma pɩnaɣ 1952 pɩtɩŋna tɔmʊʊ nakʊyʊ yɔ se ɛsʊʊna abalaa lalaa mbʊ lɛ, pɩñɩŋɩ se pakpa-ɩ nɛ pahʊna-ɩ tɔm. Pɩsa nɛ pataa ɖɩ-ɩ salaka lɛ, etisi se pakpaɣ ɛ-hɩm yaa abalɩtʊ. Pamana Turing e-kuduyuu tɛ Manchester ɛsɩba, paɖʊ-ɩ kɔyɛ kɛ mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 7 pɩnaɣ 1954 taa.
  
Alan Turing, palʊla-ɩ Maida Vale, ajɛyɛ ñʊʊŋ yɔɔ caɣʊ alɩwaatʊ taa tʊma yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ nɔyʊ lʊlana-ɩ, paya-ɩ se Julius Mathison Turing ɛ-nɛ ɛ-halʊ Ethel Sarah Turing (Stoney hɔʊ taa palʊla-ɩ). Alan wɛna pɩnaɣ kʊyʊmaɣ mbʊ lɛ, Turing hɔʊ taa ɛgbadɩna ɖɔkɩna-ɩ. E-ɖoo pɩsɩ ɛkɔɔ ɛ-caa cɔlɔ, ɛɛwɛ Ɛndɩ samaɣ tʊmɩyɛ ɖɩlaɖɛ ɖeɖe. Papɩsɩ pɔkɔɔ patɩŋnɛ Kewiyaɣ Ɛjaɖɛ taa alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Julius mʊ hɛzʊʊ takayaɣ yɔ pɩnaɣ 1926 taa.  

Ɛ-caanaa wona-ɩ Michael’s Kiɖeɖeu sukuli taa alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ loɖo yɔ. E-sukuli ñʊʊ tʊ caŋ ɛtɩlɩ-ɩ se ɛwɛ lɔŋ piŋ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ ɛ-wɩlɩyaa kɛ Marlborough tɛ kɔlɛzɩ taa. Marlborough sukuli taa peeɖe lɛ, tɔmʊʊ nakʊyʊ kɔna-ɩ kaɖɛ pazɩ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, sukuli ŋgʊ kɩ-taa peeɖe lɛ ɛkatɩ ɛ-tabalaa mba yɔ pakɩlɩ paɣlʊʊ nɛ eyele ɛnaɣ ɛ-tɩ ɛzɩ ɛwɛ eyeke pɛ-hɛkʊʊ taa, ŋgʊ ɛnʊ kɩlɩna-wɛ lɔŋ.
Albert Einstein

Palʋla Albert Einstein lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 14 n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1879 taa Ulm, Wurtemberg tɛtʋ taa Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛsɩba ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 18 n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1955 taa Princeton tɛtʋ taa, Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Einstein laba mbʋ payaɣ se "Fiisiki" yɔ nɛ ɛtazɩ kɩ-taa kpayɩ kpayɩ. 

Ɛkɛ Caama tʋ nɛ Apatriidi tʋ pɩnaɣ 1896 taa. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, ɛla Suwisi ɛjaɖɛ takayaɣ nɛ pɩha-ɩ waɖɛ se ɛkɛ Suwiisi tʋ, pɩnaɣ 1901 taa. Pʋbʋ wayɩ lɛ, ɛla ɖɔɖɔ Helivetiki nɛ Amerika pa-ajɛya takayaɣ nɛ pɩha-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ waɖɛ se ɛkɛ a-n̄ɩnʋ, pɩnaɣ 1940 taa.