open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Archimède

**Syracuse tɛ Archimède** (Krɛkɩ kɩbɩnʊʊ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, Ἀρχιμήδης / Arkhimếdês). Palʊla-ɩ Syracuse pɩnaɣ 287 alɩwaatʊ cɔlɔ mbʊ yɔ pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesuu Krɩstʊ. Ɛsɩ tɛtʊ kʊyʊm ndʊ tɩtaa kɛ pɩnaɣ 212 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesuu Krɩstʊ. Ɛɛkɛ tɩlɩyɛ tʊ Sicile tɛtʊ taa kɛ Krɛkɩ (Krɛsɩ Sɔsɔʊ) kɩbɩnjaazɩ alɩwaatʊ taa, ɛkɛ tomnasɩ ɖɔnɛ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ, lɛɣtʊ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ nɛ ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ tambaɣ lɩzɩyʊ. Paa patɩtɩlɩ ɛ-yɔɔ tɔm sakɩyɛ e-fezuu caɣʊ alɩwaatʊ taa kɔyɔ pana se ɛkɛ lɛɣtʊ tɩnaa taa niye mʊyʊ nɔyʊ canaʊ cɔlɩɩ ŋgʊ taa.  

Ɛɛlaba ɖɔɖɔ kpɛdɛ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ ɛɖʊ ɖaʊ kiseɣnaʊ tʊmɩyɛ ɛ-tʊma alɩwaatʊ taa. Ɛla ɖɔɖɔ lɩm tɛ ɖiɣ ɖiɣ caɣʊ kpɛlɛʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ. Walaa taa pamazɩ se ɛnʊ kɛnɛ lɛɣtʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊma laɖaa niye mʊyʊ canaʊ taa nɛ ɛnʊ kaakɩlɩ patɩŋa payɩ pɛ-tɛ wɛɛ taa. Archimède hiɣ sɩm alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pasɩwaɣ Syracuse pɩtɩŋna sɔɔja nɔɔyʊ malɩfa pɩyɛ ŋgʊ paaɖɩnɛ-ɩ haʊ paɣtʊ se ɛta camɩ-ɩ.

Mbʊ payɩ ɛdʊ nɛ e-nesi siɣye taa, patatɩlɩ piŋ Archimède lɛɣtʊ tʊma takayasɩ pʊɖɔɔ canaʊ taa.Alɛksandrii tɛtʊ taa lɛɣtʊ tɩna kalɩ-sɩ nɛ posusi sɩ-tɔm, ɛlɛ kajalaɣ palɩzɩ sɩ-tɔbʊʊ pɩtɩŋna Isidore Millet tɛ ñɩnʊ yɔɔ lɛ, pɩtalɩ pɩnzɩ 530 kɛ Yeesuu Krɩstʊ lʊlʊʊ wayɩ.

Patatɩlɩ ɛ-yɔɔ tɔm sakɩyɛ ɛtɛ fezuu caɣʊ alɩwaatʊ taa pʊɖɔɔ. Pasɩŋ se ɛɛwɛna halʊ yaa ɛtafɛyɩna. Ɖɔɖɔ patatɩlɩ se ɛwɛ pɩɣa yaa ɛfɛyɩna. Ɛ-yɔɔ tɔm ndʊ pasɩma tɩlɩna keeke Polyre cɔlɔ (202 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesuu Krɩstʊ ŋtalɩ 127 pʊcɔ ɖɔɖɔ palʊlɩ Yeesuu Krɩstʊ), Plutarque (46-125) nɛ Tite-Live (59 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesuu Krɩstʊ ŋtalɩ 17 Yeesuu Krɩtʊ lʊlʊʊ wayɩ) yaa ɖɔɖɔ kʊtɔmɩyɛ tɔm ndʊ kuduyuŋ mayʊ sɔsɔ Vitruve tɔma yɔ.

Pɛkɛdɩ-ɖʊ se palʊla-ɩ Syracuse pɩnaɣ 287 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesuu Krɩstʊ. Ɛ-caa, pɔtɔŋ pʊwɛ ɛzɩ ɛɛkɛ tɩyɩnzɩ yɔɔ kpɛlɛkʊʊ niye mʊyʊ, Phidias, ɛlɛ kaapazɩnɛ-ɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ. Pamazɩ se ɛtɛza e-sukuli kɛ Alɛxandrii sukuli mahɩkʊya taa kɛnɛ. Pɔtɔŋ ɖɔɖɔ se tovonum lɛ, ɛnɛ ɛ-wɩlɩyaa pasɩma ɖama mbʊ pɩyɔɔ pana takayasɩ nasɩyɛ nzɩ ɛnɛ wɩlɩyaa mba pamaɣa ɖama yɔ. Archimède kaañɔtɩna kpam Syracuse wiyaʊ Hiéron 2 tɔm hʊʊ kadaɣ mbʊ lɛ, ɛcaŋ ɛpazɩ tmbaɣ tʊmɩyɛ kpaagba nɛ ɛsɩna nɛ ɛɖaŋgʊ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩyɔɔ puniki you naalɛ ŋgʊ. Archimède ɛnʊ ɛsɩ pɩnaɣ 212 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesuu Krɩstʊ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Marcellus Room ñɩnʊ mʊ ɛ-tɛtʊ yɔ.
Arabɩɩ kʊnʊŋ

Arabɩɩ kɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩlɩna Semitiki cejewiye taa nɛ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ kʊ kɛ Azii wɩsɩ ɖʊɖʊyɛ taa kɩŋ nɛ Afrɩka kedeŋga taa. Alɩwaatʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-daa kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩkɛ kacaɣlaɣ yaa naalɛ ŋgʊ ŋgʊ ɛyaa miliiyɔɔ mɩnʊʊ nɛ nɛɛlɛ yɔɔdʊʊ Arabɩɩ nɛ Yuda mba tɛ ajɛyɛ taa yɔ.

Arabɩɩ kʊnʊŋ lɩna Arabɩɩ ajɛyɛ wena lɩm cɔyɛ nɛ pɩta yɔ a-daa kɩŋ nɛ kɩpɩsɩ kpaɖʊ lʊbɛ ñɩŋgʊ taa kɛ malɩŋ ɛsɔ sɛyɛ ŋbɛyɛ nɛ malɩŋ takayaɣ kɩɖeɖea taa kʊnʊŋ. Paamʊ nɛ ɖoŋ kɛ Arabɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ malɩŋ ɛsɔ sɛyɛ ajɛyɛ kɛ wɛɛ hɛkʊ taa ñɩna taa lɛ kɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩmɩza nɛ Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɛkʊ egetiye taa nɛ Afrika nɛ hayɩ kiŋ ajɛyɛ taa nɛ Ɛrɔpʊ hɔlɩŋ naayɛ taa kiŋ.

Kɔɔnaɣ lɛ kɩ-kɛ Arabɩɩ mba kʊnʊŋ, nɛ kɩwalɩ kedeŋga sɩm taa ajɛyɛ ndɩ ndɩ taa mbʊ hɔlɩŋ lɛɛna wena atɛkɛ arabɩɩ ajɛyɛ mbʊ lɛ, kɩpɩsɩ sɔnɔ kʊnʊŋ lɛɛkʊ ŋgʊ pakɩlɩ-kʊ yɔɔdʊʊ yɔ kedeŋga yɔ cɩna. Arabɩɩ kɛ kʊnʊŋ sɔsɔʊ kɛ ajɛyɛ nɛɛlɛ nɛ pʊyɔɔ mbʊ yɔ nɛ ajɛyɛ aŋgba sɔsɔna ndɩ ndɩ taa nɛ kɩ-kɛ kʊnʊŋ sɔsɔʊ kɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ loɖo weyi ajɛyɛ kɩkpɛndʊ nɔɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ lakɩna tʊmɩyɛ.

 
Arabɩɩ kʊnʊŋ wɛna waɖɛ nɛ yuŋ nɛ kɩtɛyɩ kɩ-dɩ. Ɖɩnaɣ arbɩɩ ŋgʊ pamaɣ nɛ pɛkpɛlɛkʊ yɔ nɛ ŋgʊ paweyi ɛnɩʊ nɛ ɛ-yɔɔdʊʊ yɔ. Pamaɣ ŋgʊ yɔ ɖɩnaɣ kɩ-ta doo canaʊ ŋgʊ nɛ kɩfalʊʊ. Arabɩɩ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ yɔ pɩlɩna paa egetiye ndi lɛ ɖɩ-ɛyaa tɛ ɖama tɔm nɩʊ cɔlɔ.

Pʊtʊnaa mba peyeba nɛ patɩlɩ Arabɩɩ kʊnʊŋ yɔ mba yɔɔ, malɩŋ ɛsɔ tɔm nɛ Arabɩɩ kʊnʊŋ matʊ nɛ canaʊ taa ñɩyɩŋ weyi eyekaa nɛ panɩʊ doo polɩŋ taa tɔm, ʊnʊ yɔ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm nɛ Ɛntɛrɩɩnɛtɩ. Ɖoo canaʊ pʊdʊ weyi eyeba se arabɩɩ tɔm sakɩyɛ ɛɖɛ nɛ ɛsɩnda kɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ kɩfaŋ lɛŋ yɔ yɔ ʊnʊ yɔ matʊ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ rɔmanɩɩ kʊnʊmɩŋ taa kɛ Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ.

Arabɩɩ kʊnʊŋ yɔɔdʊʊ taa wɛna abalɩ masɩ sakɩyɛ sɩkpɛnda nɛɛlɛ nɛ lutozo kɛ matʊ taa, nɛ halɩ ñɩŋzɩ ñɩʊ sɩkpɛnda cɩkpesɩ nadozo nɛ kɩɖaalasɩ naalɛ kɛ nabʊyʊ taa yɔɔdɔɔ taa. Pama Arabɩɩ tɔm nɛ Arabɩɩ masɩɩ taa.
Andɛɛzɩ

Payaɣ pʊŋ caŋɖaʊ nakʊyʊ se Andɛɛzɩ. Ɛsɩpaañɔlɩ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, payaɣ se  Cordillera de los Andes. Kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ pʊŋ canɖaŋ tɩŋa taa payɩ lɛ, Andɛɛzɩ pʊŋ caɖaʊ kɩlɩna ɖaɣlʊʊ. Pʊŋ canɖaʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Amerika ɛjaɖɛ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa. Andɛɛzɩ pʊŋ canɖaʊ ŋgʊ kɩkpaɣna Amerika ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɖɩ-hayi kiŋ nɛ puwolo pɩtalɩ ɖɩ-hadɛ kiŋ hɔɔlʊʊ taa. Andɛɛzɩ pʊŋ canɖaʊ ɖaɣlakɩŋ kɛ kilomɛtanaa 7 100. Kɩ-walanzɩ ñatalɩ kilomɛtanaa 200 nɛ puwolo pɩtalɩ kilomɛtanaa 800 mbʊ yɔ. Andɛɛzɩ pʊŋ canɖaʊ kʊyaa pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ mɛtɛnaa 400 n ɛ puwolo pɩtalɩ mɛtɛnaa 6 962 mbʊ yɔ. Andɛɛzɩ pʊŋ canɖaʊ kpaɣnɩ pɩlaa kpaɣnɩ Fenezuyeelaa ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɖɩ-hayi kiŋ nɛ kɩɖɛɛ kiwolo Kolombi ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ kɩtɛzɩ tɛtʊ kejeɣa (Equateur). Kɩɖɛ mbʊ nɛ kiwolo kɩtɩŋ Peruu nɛ Poliivi nɛ Silii nɛ Arzantiini pɛ-ajɛya taa. Halɩ kɩɖɛ mbʊ nɛ kiwolo kɩtalɩ Amerika tɛtʊ ilemiye nɛ hadɛ kiŋ tɩnaɣ yɔɔ.

Kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ cɩnɛ, Aazii tɛtʊ ilemiye wayɩ lɛ, Andɛɛzɩ pʊŋ canɖʊ kɩlɩna kʊyʊʊ. Andɛɛzɩ pʊŋ canɖaʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa lɛ, Akoŋgaka (Aconcagua) pʊʊ kɩlɩna kʊyʊʊ. Kɩ-kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ kɛ mɛtɛnaa 6 962. Akoŋgaka pʊʊ wɛ Arɩzantiini (Argentine) ɛjaɖɛ taa. Miŋ lɩnɩ tɛtɛɛ nɛ pɩlazɩ tɛtʊ nɛ tɩma pʊʊ sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ. Pʊʊ ŋgʊʊ payaɣ se Simboraazoo (Chimborazo) pʊʊ. Andɛɛzɩ pʊŋ canɖaʊ taa lɛ, Simboraazoo pʊʊ kɩlɩna posinaʊ tɛtʊ hɛkʊ. Pɩlɩna tɛtʊ kejeɣa cɔlɔ nɛ pʊʊ ŋgʊ kiposina tɛtʊ hɛkʊ mbʊ. Miŋ lɩnɩ tɛtɛɛ nɛ pɩlazɩ tɛtʊ nɛ tɩma pʊŋ weyi yɔ, ɛkʊyɩ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Pʊŋ weyi payaɣ se Imaalayaa (Himalaya) yɔ ɛ-wayɩ lɛ, pʊŋ weyi tɛtɛɛ miŋ lazɩ tɛtʊ nɛ pɩma-ɩ yɔ, ɛnʊ kɩlɩna kʊyʊʊ tɛtʊ yɔɔ cɩnɛ. Ɛkʊyaa pɩtalɩ mɛtɛnaa 6 000. Nazɩkaa sɛŋgɛlɛtʊ ñakpazɩ ɖɔɖɔ pʊŋ nɩɩyɛ. Pʊŋ weyi Nazɩkaa sɛŋgɛlɩtʊ kpazaa yɔ, ɛ-taa kɔyɔ : Akoŋkaŋga (Aconcagua) nɛ Uwasɩkaranɩ (Huascaran). Akoŋkaŋga pʊʊ wɛ Arɩzantiini ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ Uwasɩkaranɩ pʊʊ ñɛwɛɛ Peeruu ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Aristote

**Aristote** kɛna ɛyʋ yɔɔ lɩmaɣza n̄ɩnɩyʋ nɛ Krɛsɩ taa ñɩnɩyʊ weyi ɛñɩnɩɣ se ɛjaɖɛ ɛɖɛɛna ɛsɩnda yɔ. Palʊla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 384 taa nɛ pʊcɔ palʊlʊʊ Yeesu. Palʊla-ɩ Stagir, Macédoine ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛsɩ pɩnaɣ 322 Chalcis, Eubée tɛtʊ taa. Ɛkɛ n̄ɩnɩyʋ weyi payaɣ se Platon yɔ ɛ-lɩmɖʊyʊ. Pɔcɔna-wɛ ɛzɩ mba kedeŋa kpeekpe tatɩɩnada se nɔɔyʊ pɩzaa ɛwɛɛna ñʊʊ taa lɩmaɣza camɩyɛ ɛzɩ ḿba yɔ. Ɛma takayasɩ 200 nɛ sɩ-taa lɛ 35 yɔɔdʋʋ lɔŋ tɔm.

Aristote ma takayasɩ pinzɩ XVIII taa nɛ pɩtɛ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, ɛyʋ yɔɔ lɩmaɣza labʋ nɛ sɩyansɩ pataawɛɛ ndɩ ndɩ camɩyɛ. Aristote cɔlɔ lɛ, filozofii kɛna lɔŋ ñɩnʋʋ nɛ camɩyɛ tɔm nɛ mbʊ sɩŋna ɛyʊ nɛ ɛtʊʊzɩ ɖeu. Sɩyansɩ tɔbʋʋ se toovenim ñɩnʋʋ nɛ mbʊ pɩcɛtɩɣ ɛyʊ yɔ pi-yebu. Aristote kɛ mbʋ payaɣ se "pragmatique" yɔ pɩkɩlɩ Platon, weyi ɛkɛ ɛ-tɛ wɩlɩyʊ maɣmaɣ yɔ. Ɛkɛza ɛ-sɛ  toovenim ñɩnʋʋ nʋmɔʋ taa siŋŋ. 

Tʊkaɣ nakɛyɛ wɛ kpayɩ kpayɩ ɖɔɖɔ pɛ-tɛ ñʊʊ taa lɔŋ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ taa ɖɔɖɔ. Aristote sɩm wayɩ lɛ, ɛ-hɩɖɛ tatasɩ sɛʊ kpaŋŋŋ ɛzɩ ɛkɛwɛʊ nɛ ɛ-ɛsɛ yɔ. Ɛlɛ, pɩpɔzɩɣ se ɛyʊ ɛɖaŋ Antiquité nɛ ɛ-hɩɖɛ ɖaɣnɩ tasɩɣ sɛʊ camɩyɛ. Yee tuuɖe tɛtʊ taa mba ɛɛlakɩ ɛ-lɩmaza nɛ tʊmɩyɛ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ, byzantin nɛ malɩŋ cɔlɔ lɛ, ɛ-tɔm kɛ nabʊyʊ. Krɩstʊ mba maamaɣ ɛɛlɔʊ ɛ-tɔm. Ɛlɛ kaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ wɛ pazɩ yee Krɩstʊ mba ɛlakɩ ɛ-tɔm nɛ tʊmɩyɛ kɔyɔ.
Arɩzaɣ

Tɛtɛɛ ñɩɣlɩm mbʊ payaɣ se arɩzaɣ yɔ. Pɩkɛ kɛ siimii wonuu nakʊyʊ. Pɩkɛ ɖɔɖɔ ñɩɣlɩm wonuu nakʊyʊ. Pama se «Ag» yɔ, pɩwɩlɩɣ se pɩkɛ. Arɩzaɣ mayaɣ kɛ 47. Nabʊyʊ taa yɔ, payaɣ arɩzaɣ se metaliki yaa arɩzaɣ metalɩ. Ɛlɛ, tɔsʊʊ laɖaa ñaɖʊ tokaɣ nakɛyɛ arɩzaɣ metalɩ nɛ arɩzaɣ ñɩɣyʊʊ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa. Papa kpaɣ arɩzaɣ ñɩɣyʊʊ se ŋgʊʊ palakɩna tʊmɩyɛ tɔsɩŋ nʊmɔŋ taa. 

=Hɔɔlɩŋ weyi ɛ-taa palakɩna arɩzaɣ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ yɔ=
*Palakɩ arɩzaɣ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ sowɛyerii (joaillerie) nɛ Ɔrɩfɛvrerii (orfèvrerie) pa-taa. Hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-taa lɛ, pakpaɣ arɩzaɣ se kɩkɛ metalɩ kɩñɩlɩnzʊʊ. Pakpaɣ-kʊ ɖɔɖɔ se kɩkɛ metalɩ ŋgʊ pohuuzuuna nabʊyʊ yɔɔ yɔ. Metalɩ ŋgʊ lɛ, kalɩvanoplastii (galvanoplastie) lɛɣtʊ palakɩna-kʊ.
*Palakɩ liidiye pɔɔyasɩ nɛ arɩzaɣ ñɩɣyʊʊ.

*Pɩnaɣ 1976 taa arɩzaɣ ñɩɣyʊʊ palabɩna liidiye pɔɔyaɣ nɩɩnʊwa Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa.
*Palakɩ-kʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ elɛkɩtroniki nɛ laatriki pa-nʊmɔŋ taa. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, arɩzaɣ ñɩɣyʊʊ hɔŋ laatriki miŋ nɛ pɩkɩlɩ [[kwivri] ñɩɣyʊʊ. Ñɩɣtʊ ndʊ tɩhɔŋ laatriki miŋ payɩ yɔ tɩ-taa lɛ, arɩzaɣ ñɩɣyʊʊ kɩlɩɣna laatriki miŋ hɔm.
*Palakɩ ɖɔɖɔ arɩzaɣ ñɩɣyʊʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ fotonaa lɩzʊʊ lɛɣtʊ nʊmɔʊ taa.
*Minziiki nʊmɔʊ taa ɖɔɖɔ palakɩ arɩzaɣ ñɩɣyʊʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, kɩ-ñɩɣyʊʊ palakɩna minziiki ndɩ ndɩ.
*Arɩzaɣ ñɩɣlɩm ñɩɣyʊʊ tɔtɔyɩ, mbʊ labɩna nabɛyɛ ñɔtɔŋ se kɩtatɩɩfɛyɩ.
Arzantiini

**Arzantiini** kɛna Amerika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ajɛya wena ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ asɩ-ɖama nɛ kamɣ yɔ, ana yɔ: wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, Siilii, hayi nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Pooliivi, hayi kiŋ kpataa lɛ Paraaguwe, Pireziili nɛ Uruguwe ajɛya ñɛwɛna hayi nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa  nɛ Atilantiki lɩŋgamʊʊ wɛna wɩsɩ ɖʊlkɩyɛ taa nɛ pɩɖɛɛna hadɛ kiŋ.

Dooo lɛ Ɛsɩpaañɩ kpacayaɣna-ɖɩ nɛ pʊkɔma aloma fenaɣ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kagbaanzɩ pɩnaɣ 1810 lɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmaɣmaɣ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ. Ɛlɛ pʊkɔma pɩtalɩ hasɩ yaɖɛ  fenaɣ nakʊ pɩnaɣ 1816 pʊcɔ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛɛ ɖ-tɩ yɔɔ sɩŋŋŋ kɛ San Miguel de Tucumán taa.

Arzantiini ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ yɔ Buenos Aires nɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pawɩlɩɣ-kʊ sukulinaa taa nɛ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ komina tʊma taa yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ ɛsɩpañɔlɩ piyele lidiye nɖi pɔtɔkɩ yɔ lɛarizantiini peezoo.

Arizantiini taa katoliki cɔɔcɩ ɛyaa kɩlɩɣ labʊ nɛ Amerika Latini taa payɩ lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa kɛ Erɔpɩ sɔnzɩ kɩlɩ wɛʊ.

Latiino-Amerika taa payɩ lɛ, Arizantiini kɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɩlɩ wobu nɛ ɛsɩndaa nɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɩlɩ wɛʊ ɖɔɖɔ ñɩm yɔ. Ameriki Latini taa lɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩkɛna naatozo ñɩnɖɛ kɛ ɛsɩnda wobu nɛ ɖɩwɛ Pireezili nɛ Mɛkɩsiiki ajɛya wayɩ. 

Sɔɔja sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Seneralɩ Manuel Belgrano yɔ, ɛnʊ lɩzɩna Arizantiini kɩɖaʊ kɛtɛɛta ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1810, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ palʊkaɣ se pɛwɛɛ pa-tɩ yɔɔ yɔ. Ɛlɛ, ɛɛlɩza-kɛ mbʊ lɛ, kɩ-hɛkʊ taa taawɛɛ wɩsɩ. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1818 taa kɛ pɔsɔza wɩsɩ mayaɣ.
Asiyee

Ñɩɣyʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se fɛɛrɩ (fer) yɔ nɛ ŋgʊ payaɣ kʊkʊ se karɩbɔɔnɩ yɔ, pɛkpɛndɩna nɛ pɩkɛ asiyee ñɩɣyʊʊ. Asiyee yuŋ mɩnʊʊ yɔɔ lɛ, karɩbɔɔnɩ kpakɩɣ lɔɔlʊʊ 0,02 yaa hɔɔlʊʊ naalɛ mbʊ yɔ. 

Paa mbʊ yɔ, karɩbɔɔnɩ yuŋ yebina nɛ payaɣ se asiyee ñɩɣyʊʊ. Ñɩɣtʊ natʊyʊ taa wɛ fɛɛrɩ ɖɔɖɔ, ɛlɛ, paayaɣ ñɩɣtʊ ndʊ se asiyee. Ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ ñɩɣtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se fɔntɩ (fontes) nɛ fɛɛro-aliyaazɩ (ferroalliages) waa mbʊ yɔ.

## Mbʊ mbʊ pʊwɛ asiyee ñɩɣyʊʊ taa yɔ
Asiyee ñɩɣyʊʊ caɣ ɖoŋ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Poluba asiyee ñɩɣyʊʊ se palabɩna mbʊ payaɣ se mekaniiki (mécanique) yaa siimii yɔ pa-tʊma ndɩ ndɩ. Papɩzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ pɛkpɛndɩ mekani iki nɛ siimii pa-tʊma nɛ palabɩna asiyee ñɩɣtʊ.

Pʊcɔ nɛ papɩzɩ pakpaɣ asiyee ñɩɣyʊʊ nɛ palabɩna-kʊ nɛ siimii tʊmɩyɛ lɛ, pʊpɔzʊʊ se siimii wondu ɛwɛɛ asiyee taa nɛ pɩtasɩna karɩbɔɔnɩ. Wondu ndʊ pɔsɔzʊʊ mbʊ yɔ payaɣ se wondu kɩtasɩtʊ. Wondu ndʊ pɔsɔzʊʊ mbʊ yɔ, ndʊʊ yɔ : maŋganɛɛzɩ (Mn) nɛ kurom (Cr) nɛ niikɛɛlɩ (Ni) nɛ molibidɛɛnɩ (molybdène, Mo). 

Wondu ndʊ ndʊ tɩwɛ asiyee ñɩɣyʊʊ taa yɔ, papɩzɩɣ pɔcɔlɩ-tʊ pɩlɩŋ naadozo taa : 

Wondu ndʊ tɩwɛ asuluma yɔ. Wondu ndʊ, ndʊʊ yɔ : suufrɩ (soufre, S) nɛ fɔsɩfɔɔrɩ (P). Fɔsɩfɔɔrɩ wɛ kɔkɩ (coke) nɛ plɔɔbɩ pa-taa. Wondu ndʊ tɩwɛ asuluma nɛ tɩwɛ asiyee taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, tɩ-taa lɛɛtʊ yɔ : pʋlɔŋ (Pb) nɛ etɛŋ (Sn).  

Wondu ndʊ tɩsɩŋna yɔ. Wondu ndʊ tɩsɩŋna yɔ tɩlakɩna nɛ asiyee ñɩɣyʊʊ luɖu ɖaŋ ɛ-tɩ yɔɔ nɛ asiyee ñɩɣtʊ miŋ ɛtaañaɣ-ɩ. Wondu ndʊ, tɩ-taa kɔyɔ : aliminiyɔm nɛ silisiyɔɔm nɛ kalɩsiyɔɔm.
Azwanɩ Tɔʋʋ

Azɩwanɩ Tɔʋʋ kɛna lɩm tɛ nazɩyʋʋ tɔʋʋ. Pɩnaɣ 1970 ñɩŋa taa pɛtɛma tɔɔʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-maʋ. Pɔɔ ŋga, ka-ɖɩlɩyɛ maɣzɩtʋ kasɩna mɛtɛ waa kudokiŋ lʋbɛ mbʋ yɔ yee papaɣzɩna Azɩwanɩ tɔtʋ kɩpɩndʋ kɛnɛ yɔ. Nɛ pɩkpaʋ nɛ tɛtʋ sʋsɔtʋ taa yɔ, pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ mɛtɛ waa kudokiŋ hiu kɛ mbʋ yɔ kɛ Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ niili pɔɔ hɔɔlʋʋ taa.

Azɩwanɩ pɔɔ wɛ wazaɣ siŋŋ kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ. Kɛkɛna ñɩm sɔsɔm pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ kɛwɛ ɖɩ-taa yɔ ɖɩ-taa samaɣ. Pɔɔ ŋga ka-taa lɩm pɩzɩɣ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ ɛbgɔŋ kudokiŋ 169 mɛtɛ waa kudokiŋ naadozo mbʋ yɔ.
       
Pʋcɔ nɛ pama Azwanɩ tɔtʋ tʋnɛ lɛ, Niili Pɔɔ kawadaɣ soŋaɣ alɩwaatʋ kpeekpe taa kɛ fɛɛŋ weyi ɛwɛ mʋzʋŋ yɔ ɛ-taa. Nɛ lɩm kawadaɣ ŋga kalɩna Afriki nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa kiŋ. Lɩm kawadaɣ kanɛ yɔ, kɔkɔŋkaɣna mbʋ pɩhaɣ tɛtʋ mʋzʋŋ siŋŋ yɔ. Nɛ lɩm kawadaɣ kanɛ yɔ, kɛkpɛndɩɣna n̄ɩɣlɩm tɛtʋ sakɩyɛ nɛ kɛɖɛɣna.

Pɩtɩŋɛ payɩ mbʋ yɔ, pɩhaɣ Niili fɛɛʋ tɛtʋ mʋzʋŋ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩɛ. Mʋzʋŋ ɛnɛ eyekina nɛ haɖaʋ tʋmɩyɛ wokina ɛsɩndaa niili hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Ɛlɛ fɛɛʋ kʋnɛ pʋwɛɛ se pefeŋ camɩyɛ kʋ-mʋzʋŋ ɛnʋ ɛ-yɔɔ camɩyɛ nɛ  pʋcɔ pɩsatʋ haɖaʋ tʋmɩyɛ ɖɔ camɩyɛ nɛ pɩɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa.
Ateyiizim

Ɛyʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ payaɣ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖʊ-ñʊʊ se ateyiizim. Ɖooo kpaɖɩŋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kʊɖʊmʊʊ (XXIe siècle) ñɩŋgʊ taa ɛyaa paɣzɩ wɛnaʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɛyʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩɩ yɔ se Ɛsɔ nɔɔyʊ fɛyɩ. Ɛsɔnaa cikpeme nabɛyɛ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se agɔlɩma naayɛ fɛyɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɛyʊ weyi ɛkɛ aatee yɔ, eetisiɣ Ɛsɔ nɔɔyʊ yɔɔ. Eetisiɣ ɛgɔlɩmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ yɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɛwɛ yem koye. Ɛyʊ weyi ɛkɛ aatee yɔ ɛtɔŋ se ɛyʊ lɩ ɛ-tɩ yɔɔ yem. Se pɩtɛkɛ Ɛsɔ nɔɔyʊ yaa ɛgɔlɩmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ yaa ɖoŋ sɔsɔŋ nɩɩyɛ lɩzɩna-ɩ. Ŋgʊ ɛyaa nabɛyɛ ñɛwɛɛ nɛ pɔtɔŋ se ɛyʊ talɩɩ ɛ-tɩ yɔɔ yem. Pɔyɔɔdʊʊ se nɔɔyʊ wɛ kedeŋa ñʊʊ yɔɔ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛsɔdaa nɛ ɛkɩlɩ pɩtɩŋa payɩ; Ɛnʊʊ payaɣna kabɩyɛ kʊnʊŋ taa se Ɛsɔ. Se ɛnʊ lɩzɩna pɩtɩŋa nɛ ɛnʊ tɩna pɩtɩŋa payɩ. Ɛ-cɔlɔ ɖoŋ tɩŋɛ nɛ tɩlɩtʊ tɩŋɛ nɛ lɛɣtʊ tɩŋɛ palɩɣna. Ɛyaa mba pɛwɛna lɩmaɣzɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ yɔ, pa-lɩmaɣzɩyɛ ñʊʊ payaɣ se teeyizim. Yee mbʊ, lɩmaɣzɩyɛ ñʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se ateyiizim yɔ, ɖi-koyindu lɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ ñʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se teeyizim. Ɛyaa nabɛyɛ ɖɔɖɔ ñɛwɛna lɩmaɣzɛ lɛɛna kpem, awɛ ndɩ nɛ aatee waa nɛ teeyizim waa pa-lɩmaɣzɛ. Paba payaɣ se añɔsɩtiki was.

Toovenum lɛ, mba payaɣ se aatee waa yɔ, pa-lɩmaɣzɛ lɩɣzɩɣ pɩlɩɩna wɛ ndɩ ndɩ taa. Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ takayɩsɩ mayaa tɩŋɛ ɛɛyɔɔdʊʊ tɔm kʊɖʊmtʊ pɩlɩɩna pɔ-yɔɔ.

Ajɛɛ sakɩyɛ, pɩkɩlɩna ajɛɛ wena aɖɛna ɛsɩndaa siŋŋ yɔ, akpakɩɣ aatee waa se pɛkɛ ɛyaa yem waa? Paaɖʊʊ-wɛ ɛyaa lalaa taa camɩyɛ.
Asɛyʊʊ

Asɛyʋʋ (Catastrophe)

N̄ʋʋzɩkɩyɛ payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ size azɛyʋʋ. Tɔm piye azɛyʋʋ kɛna mbʋ pɩwɩlɩɣ kaŋŋ size azɛyʋʋ laba yaa n̄ʋʋzɩkɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ laba nɛ pʋyʋ wɛɛkɩ yɔ. Azɛyʋʋ yaa n̄ʋʋzɩkɩyɛ ɛlaba ca kɔyɔ, pʋyʋ kɩwɛɛkɩm lɩɣ. Azɛyʋʋ kɛna pʋyʋ kiɖi n̄ɩm lakasɩ kɩwɩzɩsɩ nasɩyɛ. Azɛyʋʋ tɛkɛ pʋyʋ yaa lakasɩ kɩbanzɩ. Azɛyʋʋ nakʋyʋ leɖiɣ, nakʋyʋ ñɛwɛɛ tobi.

Ñʋʋzɩkɩyɛ lakasɩ lɩɣna ɛyʋ lakasɩ cɔlɔ.

Azɛyʋʋ nakʋyʋ ɛlaba yɔ, wondu sakɩyɛ leki,Nabʋyʋ taa ɖɔɖɔ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ lesiɣ pe-weziŋ. 

Azɛyʋʋ nakʋyʋ ɛlaba hɔɔlʋʋ nakʋyʋ taa kɔyɔ, putukuuna samaɣ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Ɖooo lɛ, azɛyʋʋ nakʋyʋ ɛlaba hɔɔlʋʋ nakʋyʋ taa kɔyɔ, hɔɔlɩŋ lɛɛŋ taa samaɣ seɣ lɔŋ nɛ powolo pasɩna samaɣ ŋga azɛyʋʋ talɩ-kɛ yɔ. Azɛyʋʋ sɔsɔʋ nakʋyʋ ɛlaba hɔɔlʋʋ nakʋyʋ taa kɔyɔ, raadiyoonaa taa ɛyʋ nɩɣ-tʋ. Paɖʋ-tʋ ɖɔɖɔ ɛntɛɛrɩnɛtɩ yɔɔ. Pawɩlɩ ɖɔɖɔ azɛyʋʋ-kʋ televiziyɔɔnaa taa.

Azɛyʋʋ ɖɔɖɔ payaɣ se kɛkpɛdɛzaɣ sɔsaɣ. Haba yɔɔ azɛyʋʋ ndɩ ndɩ kɩlɩɣ labʋ pɩlɩɩna habɩyɛ yɔɔ ɖɔnɛ paɣtʋ kɩɩñamtʋ cɔlɔ.
Asɩmara

Asɩmara kɛŋna Eriitree ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ  sʊzɔtʊ nɛ ndʊ tɩkɩla paɣlʊ yɔ. Tɩ-walanzɩ taa makʊɣna kilomɛtanaa agbapa ɛzɩ 12 158,1 yɔ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa ɛyaa wɛ 564 000 ɛlɛ tɩ-taa maɣmaɣ lɛ, pɩnaɣ 2007 taa pakalɩ ɛyaa lɛ, pɛcɛzɩ ɛzɩ 1 147 000 yɔ. 

Asɩmara wɛ Hamasaŋ pʊʊ ñʊʊ taa nɛ tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ ndʊ, ndʊ kɩlɩna wɛʊ pʊʊ sʊsɔʊ taa kɛ Afrika kpeekpe taa ɛlɛ pɩkɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa kɔyɔ, ndʊ lɛ kagbanzɩ ñɩndʊ. Ñɩɩtʊ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ lubu tʊma taa, wodu kʊzusʊtʊ yaa tɔɔla ñɛyʊ, naakomnaa, pɩzatʊ lʊʊ nandʊ nɛ kpalabanaa taa sʊlʊm kɛ pakɩlʊʊ naʊ peeɖe.
Atɛnɩ

Kɛŋna Krɛsɩ tɛtʊ taa tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkɩla paɣlʊʊ yɔ nɛ ndʊ ɖɔdɔ lɛ peeɖe tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ. Pɩnaɣ 2011 taa pakalɩ ɛyaa kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa lɛ, pɛkpɛnda 664 046. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛtɩ walanzɩ taa maɣna kilomɛtanaa agbaba 39. Tooɖe ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, Atɛnɩ taa kɛ lɔŋ nɛ ɛsakuliye lɛɣ wɛʊ. Peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ñɩnɩyaa sʊsaa nɛ ñʊʊtaa lɔŋ tɩnaa kaawɛ. 

Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kɛ Gɩrɛsɩ komina kpelaɣ wɛɛ. Tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ keteŋa kpeekpe kacalaɣ tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ taa. Kpeɣ menkpɛɣ yaa mʊya naayɛ yɔɔdʊʊ se sɔdʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Thésèe yɔ ɛnʊ ɛñɔzɩna-tʊ pɩnzɩ -800 taa pʊcɔ nɛ palʊlʊʊ Yeesu. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa kɛ sɔɔjana mba paakɩlɩ ɖɩŋ Krɛsɩ taa yɔ paawɛɛ. 

Atɛnɩ taa kɛ ɖiu ɖiu caɣ nɛ lɛɛzʊʊ kɩfam mbʊ payaɣ se temokraasii yɔ pɩɩwɛ siŋŋŋ  nɛ ñʊʊtaa lɔŋ nɛ lɛɛtʊ tɩnaa paawɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɛyaa mba pa-taa kɔyɔ: Socrate, Platon, Aristote. Mba pɛkɛ amʊza nɛ tanaʊ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ pɛwɛ peeɖe nɛ pa-taa kɔyɔ: Eschyle, Sophocle, Euripide, Aristophane nɛ caanaʊ tɔm ñɩnɩyʊ sʊsɔ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Thucydide.
Atɩlantiki Lɩŋamʋʋ

Tɛtʊ kpeekpe taa lɛ, lɩŋgamʋʋ na kpɛnda 5. Pa-taa kɛ ɖɩnaɣ Atlantiki lɩŋgamʋʋ. Kɩ-tɛ walanzɩ kɛ 106.000.000 km2. Pʊyɔ kɛ kɩkɛ teŋgu na mba pakɩlɩ walʊ yɔ pa-taa naalɛ ñɩŋgʊ. Kacalaɣ ñiŋgʊ yɔ Pasifiki lɩŋgamʋʋ. kɩwɛʊ yɔ pɩleɖaa pɩtɩɩfɛyɩ. Pɩlaba pɩnzɩ million waa 180 kɔyɔ. Ɛlɛ tɛtʊ ñabɩ kacɩɩna nɛ pɩkazɩ nɛ lɩm mbʊ pɩwɛɛ. Atlantiki lɩŋgamʋʋ ŋgʊ, kɩwazaɣ na tuuɖe taa mba mba pɛyɛlaɣ nɛ patɩlɩɣ ajɛya nɛ a-yɔɔ nɛ a-taa ñim yɔ. Halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ kɩkɛ nʊmɔʊ ŋgʊ ɛyaa pɩzɔ patiŋɩgɔnɛ pɛtɛzɩɣ ɖama tɛ yɔ. 

Lee kɩwɛ, nɛ kɩwɛ, ɛzɩma Atlantiki lɩŋgamʋʋ wɛ Amerika nɛ Afro-Eurasie pɛ-hɛkʊ taa. Afro-Eurasie tɔbʊʊ se Afrika nɛ Eerɔpɩ nɛ Aasii pakɩkpɛndʊʋ. Tɛtʊ kpeekpe yɔɔ lɩŋgamʋʋ na kpɛnda 5. Pɛdɛ 5 taa lɩm wɛ salala. Lɩŋgamɩŋ mba pɛtɛ kamasɩ tɔm laba kadɛ nɛ pɩkɔna kɔkɔɖɛ pɩtɩfeyɩ. Pɩwɛ ɛzɩ Atlantiki lɩŋgamʋʋ nɛ Arktiki pɛyɛkʊ taa tɔm yɔ. Atlantiki lɩŋgamʋʋ ñatama nɛ pɩyɔɔ. Atlantiki lɩŋgamʋʋ nɛ Pasifiki ñiŋgʊ kɛna mba mba pana nanza ñinba patamna ɖama. Kɩgaʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩcɔŋna  kedeŋga yɔ lɩm yɔ yɔ, ɖɩñaɣ pana nɛ ɖɩsɩʊ kamasɩ lɩm taa.

Atlantiki lɩŋgamʋʋ ɖalakiŋ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Biresiili nɛ Liiberiya pɛhɛkʊ taa-lɛ pɩwɛ 2848km nɛ Etaazuunii nɛ Marɔkɩ lɛ pɩmaɣna kɩlomɛtaa waa 4830.

Atlantiki lɩŋgamʋʋ walanzɩ wɛ 82400000km2. Ɛlɛ, yee pɛkpɛdina kɩ-tɛ lɩŋgamʋʋ na cikpema kɔyɔ, 92.400.000 km2.

Papaazɩ Atlantiki lɩŋgamʋʋ yɔɔ tɔm alɩwaaatʊ ndʊ ɛyaa paazɩ kɩ-tɛ kɩtiiliŋ yɔɔ caaʊ yɔ ɛlɛ lɩm mbʊ pɩtɛzʊ tapaazɩ lɔŋ. Pɩnaŋ mɩnɩʊ ŋga taa kɛ ɛyʊ paazɩ tɛzɩɣ. Eerɔpɩ tɛ hayʊ kiŋ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Groeland yɔ kɩhɔɔlʊ kɛ mɛlɛna saya mba pɛkɛ Fayikiŋ mba yɔ, mba mabɩ na palaŋa taa nɛ papazɩ tɛzɩɣ. Pañaɣ pana patalɩ Amerika hɔɔlʊ ŋgʊ pamamaɣ pakʊma hɩɖɛ se Terre–Newe (L’Anse aux Meadows) yaa Vinland.

Afrika kɩliilinŋ yɔɔlɛ, pɩɩsaŋ tɛzɩʊ. Kpɩyɩŋ saya mba palina Cap Bojador Sahara Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ ɛjadɛ ta yɔ, pɩwɛ wɛɛ kaɖɛ se pɛtɛzɩ. Hɔɔlɩŋgʊ patʊʊ kʊ hɩɖɛ se Teŋga Cɩkpendʊ ñiŋgʊ yaa "Mer des ténèbres". Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1434 taakɛ Pɔritigaalɩ kpɩyʊ sayʊ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Gil Eanes yɔ ɛcalɩ Atlantiki lɩŋgamʋʋ yɔɔ lɩm tɛzɩy nɛ ɛ-mɛlɛ. Ɛpɩza ɛsaa-kʊ nɛ ɛwolonɛ ɛpɩsɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɛnʊ calina Afrika keteŋa cɔʊ kpɛɛɛ nɛ ɛta nɛ ɛkɔɔ ɛtalɩ Indes tɛtʊ taa. Pɩwayɩ lɛ Christophe Colomb nɛ ɛ-taabala pacalɩna pombo tɛzɩɣ pɩnaɣ 1492.
Atɩlɛtɩsɩm

Atɩlɛtɩsɩm kɛna tomnaɣ hayɩsʋʋ yaa kpekpeka tʋmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ labʋ. Mbʋʋ payaɣ se sɩpɔɔrɩ. Pilinzi rdɩ ndɩ wɛ sɩpɔɔrɩ labʋ taa. Nɛ pilinzi nzɩ pekpelaɣ si-kpeekpe seya taa, nɛ maʋʋ taa, nɛ takʋʋ ndɩ ndɩ taa,nɛ pɩtasɩna ɖɔnɛ taa.

Tɔm piye Atɩlɛtɩsɩm lɩna Krɛsɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɖɩ-tɔbʋʋ siŋŋ kɛlɛ lʋbɩyɛ. Pɩkɛna lʋbɩyɛ sʋsɔyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩpɔzɩɣ siŋŋ size ɛyʋ ɛɖɔkɩ tɔnʋʋ n̄ɩɣyʋʋ taa seya ɖeɖe yaa n̄ɩɣyʋʋ taa tɛyɩŋ ɖeɖe poliŋ taa seya ɖeɖe yaa ɛsɔdaa maʋ ɖeɖe yɔ. Nɛ ɛyʋ pɩzɩɣ ɛɖɛɛ lɛlaa yɔɔ.

Takɩm ndɩ ndɩ, ɛzɩ ɖɩyaʋ se santaɖaʋ yɔ, pʋwɛ nɖeke nɛ pɩtɛ pʋwɛ canɖaŋ taa ɖɔɖɔ. Ɛlɛ, lɛɛlɛyɔ, pɩlɛɣza alɩwaatʋ taa nɛ maɣzɩm taa.

Atɩlɛtɩsɩm kɛ sɩpɔɔrɩ ŋgʋ paalakɩ-kʋ ɖoŋ ɖoŋ ajɛɛ taa yɔ, paa pɩɩkɛna ajɛɛ wena a-liu wɛ sɩpɔɔrɩ ŋgʋ kɩ-labʋ yɔ yaa aheɣla sʋsɔna taa kʋkɩyɩmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa kɔyɔ. Atɩlɛtɩsɩm wondu ñɩnʋʋ takɩlɩ kaɖɛ.

Pʋ-yɔɔ yɔɔ kɩ-labʋ wɛɛ puhukuu yaa pʋtɔyʋʋ. Kajalaɣ, atɩlɛtɩsɩm sɩpɔɔrɩ kʋnɛ, kɩkpaɣna ɖooo kiɖe tɛɛ ɛzɛkuliye alɩwaatʋ taa. Piliŋa kanɛ yɔ, kapaɣzɩ tɔyʋʋ pɩkpaɣʋnɛ kpaɖɩŋ taa yɔ, kajalaɣ paɣtʋ ɖʋʋ ɖeɖe takɩm ndɩ ndɩ wayɩ.
Audrey Hepburn

Audrey Hepburn kɛ Pɛliziki ɛjaɖɛ taa tʋ. Ɛkɛ halʋ weŋkalɩyʋ tʋ siŋŋ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛ-nɔɔ taa wɛ leleŋ pɩfɛyɩ pɔyɔɔdɩ. Palʋla-ɩ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʋ naanza (4) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1929 n̄ɩŋga taa. Pɛlɩziiki ɛjaɖɛ taa, Bruxelles tɛtʋ taa palʋla-ɩ. Audrey Hepburn kɛkɛ pɛlɔ ñekele tʋ nɔɔyʋ.

Ɛsɩba[[kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, 1993 n̄ɩŋga taa.

Suusi ɛjaɖɛ taa, Tolochenaz tɛtʋ taa ɛsɩba. 

Ɖoɖoo Audrey Hepburn pɛsɛ hɩɖɛ ɖɔɖɔ se Audrey Kathleen Ruston. Ɖoɖoo ɛnɛ ɛɛkɛ minziki payʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ pɩdɩɩfɛ. Ɛɛwɛna pɑyɛ lɛɣtʋ ndɩ ndɩ.
       

 
Ɖoɖoo Audrey Hepburn kɛ aleɣya takayɩsɩ mayʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛma aleɣya takayɩsɩ ndɩ ndɩ. Sɩ-taa nasɩyɛ hɩla yɔ : Gigi, pɩnaɣ 1951 ñɩŋga taa ɛlɩzɩ-kɛ Broadway tɛtʋ taa. Ɛ-takayaɣ kanɛ katʋlɩna-ɩ sinimaɣ waa labʋ nɔnɔsɩ. Ɛma ɖɔɖɔ aleɣya takayaɣ lɛɛka nɛ payaɣ-kaka se Sabrina et Ariane de Billy Wilder. Ɛ-aleɣya takayaɣ lɛɛka payaɣ se minziki tanaʋ, Culte My Fair Lady de George Cukor. Ɛ-takayaɣ lɛɛka ɖɔɖɔ payaɣ se Guerre et Paix. 

Aleɣya ndɩ ndɩ labʋ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se Vacances romaines yɔ, ɖɩcɛlɛ-ɩ aleɣya takayɩsɩ maʋ samtou nimiye pɩnaɣ 1953 taa. 

Kpaɣna pɩnaɣ 1967 ñɩŋga taa lɛ, Ɖoɖoo Audrey Hepburn yeba minziki payɛ nɛ aleɣya ndɩ ndɩ labʋ nɛ ɛsʋʋ kedeŋa kpeekpe piya yɔɔ cɔnʋʋ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se UNICEF yɔ ɖɩ-taa. Halɩ ɛkɔma ɛpɩsɩ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tʋma yɔɔ cɔnɩyaa nɔɔ yɔɔ tʋ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa pɩnaɣ 1988 ñɩŋga taa.
Augustin Hippon tʋ

Augustin d'Hippone kɛ ɛyʋ kiɖeɖeu. Palʋla-ɩ salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ naadozo (13) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 354 n̄ɩŋga taa. Palʋla-ɩ tɛtʋ ndʋ payaɣ sɔnɔ se Souk Ahras yɔ tɩ-taa Alizerii ɛjaɖɛ taa.

Ɛsɩba kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ lutozo (28) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 430 n̄ɩŋga taa. Hippone tɛtʋ taa ɛsɩba. Tɛtʋ ndʋʋ payaɣ sɔnɔ se Annaba tɛtʋ. Tɩwɛ Alɩzerii ɛjaɖɛ taa

Augustin kiɖeɖeu kɛ ɛyʋ tɩlɩtʋ yɔɔ maɣzɩm laɖʋ sɔsɔ. Mbʋʋ payaɣ se Filozɔɔfʋ. Ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ Katolika Ɛsɔ Cejewiye yɔɔ maɣzɩm laɖɔ sɔsɔ. Augustin kiɖeɖeu nɛ ɖajaanaa panɛ : Ambroise de Milan nɛ Jérôme de Stridon nɛ pɩtasɩna Grégoire Sɔsɔ palabɩna lɩmaɣza patʋlɩ Ɛsɔ Cejewa ndɩ ndɩ anasaayɩnaa tɛ ajɛya taa. Ɖajaanaa naanza panɛ, patɩŋa paakɛ fadanaa. Palaba Ɛsɔ tʋmɩyɛ siŋŋ pe-wezuu caɣʋ taa. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se paakpaɣ pa-tɩ mpilim nɛ pɛcɛlɩ Ɛsɔ tʋmɩyɛ. 

Sukuli ŋgʊ ɛlaba Kartaazɩ yɔ, pɩɩkɛna Roma mba sukuli, paa nɛ ɛ-tɔm taa ɛlɩʊ Iipɔnɩ tɔm kɔyɔ. Ɛwɩlaɣ latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ nɛ kɩ-esa kuliye ɛlɛ ɛtanɩɩ siŋŋŋ kɛ Krɛkɩ tɔm, mbʊ yebina nɛ tuuɖe taa ɛsɔ tɔm wɛɛ ndɩ pazɩ nɛ ndʊ pama-tʊ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛt aa hɔɔlɩɣ yɔ.  

Eɖoo kaakɛ halʊ weyi ɛɛsɔɔla ɛsɔ-tɔm siŋŋŋ yɔ nɛ Augustin kiɖeɖeu ɛnɛ ɛlɛ ñaasɔɔlɩ filozofi kɛnɛ. Ndʊ ɛɛsɔɔla ɛ-tɛɛ filozofii taa yɔ, ndʊ lɛ se ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ cɩnɛ natʊyʊ fɛyɩ nɛ pɩtasɩnɛ kɩbam yaa kɩtɛkɩdim, camɩyɛ yaa kɩwɛɛkɩtʊ. Mbʊ ɛyʊ sɔɔlaa yɔ, mbʊ ɛlɩzɩʊ nɛ ɛla. Ɛwɛɛ pʊyɔɔ mbʊ nɛ pʊkɔma pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 386 taa ɛkatɩ Ambroise de Milan lɛ,elɛ yɔɔdɩna-ɩ camɩyɛ nɛ kpaagbaa mbʊ lɛ ɛpɩsɩ ɛ-laŋgɩyɛ nɛ ɛmʊ krɩstʊ tɔm. Ɛma takayasɩ ndɩ ndɩ sakɩyɛ nɛ sɩ-taa kɔyɔ: Tɩ-yɔɔ kuluu (Lɛs Confessions), Esɔ ɖɩcaɣyɛ (La Cité de Dieu) nɛ Nɛ Trinita (De la Trinité).

Ukulinaa mba ɛlaba yaa ɛ-tʊma sɔsɔna kɔyɔ: Platɔŋ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ kɩfaɖɛ krɩstʊ yɔ nɛ Augustin lɩmaɣzɩyɛ. Yee pakalɩɣ ɛ-tɔm yaa lɩmaɣza sɔsɔna wena ɛmaɣzaa kɔhyɔ, panaɣ se ɛyɔɔda filozofii tɔm, mɛŋfɛyɩ ɖukunau kpɛlɛkɩtʊ (métaphysique), camɩyɛ yɔɔdaɣ, Ɛsɔ tɔm kpɛlɛkʊʊ (Théologie), ñʊʊtaa tɔm klpɛlɛkʊ (éthique), politiki tɔm, Ɛsɔ takayaɣ taa tɔm tɔbɩŋ lɩzɩʊ (exégèse biblique). 

Augustin kiɖeɖeu ɛnɛ ɛ-lɩmaɣza sɔsɔna wena ɛyʊ pɩzɩɣ ɛɖɔkɩ camɩyɛ yɔ alɛ yɔ se, ɛyɔɔda pɩlɩna ɛzɩma ɛyʊ pɩzɩʊ nɛ ɛwɛɛ yɔ, mbʊy pʊyɔɔ yɔ, ɛcɔnaa se ɛyʊ wɛu yɔ, alɩwaatʊ ɖɛʊ lɛ, ɛɛptzɩʊ ɛtasɩ pɩtɩŋga ɖɔkʊʊ yaa ɛla. Ɛyɔɔda ɖooo kiɖedɛɛ kɩwɛɛkɩm mba Adam nɛ ɛ-tɛ asɛyʊ Eva palaba yɔ pʊ-tɔm nɛ ɛmaɣzɩna Ɛsɔ yɔɔ tisim. Pɩtasɩɩna mbʊ ɖeke, ɛyɔɔda ɖɔɖɔ ɛyʊ ñʊʊ taa ɛhʊyɛ nɛ mʊndʊsʊʊ kpasʊʊ nɛ tɩlɩtʊ pɔ-tɔm. Tɔm tʊnɛ tɩ-wayɩ lɛ Augustin kiɖeɖeu yɔɔda ɖoɖɔ Trinita lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɛ Ɛsɔ ɖɩcaɣyɛ pɔ-tɔm.
Aung San Suu Kyi

Aung San Suu Kyi, Ɖoɖoo ɛnɛ, palʋla-ɩ mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ nakʋ (19) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1945 n̄ɩŋga taa. Palʋla-ɩ Rangoun tɛtʋ taa Pirimaanɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Payaɣ ɛ-caa se Ɖajaa Ang San. Ɛ-caa lʋbana siŋŋ nɛ Pirimaanɩ ɛjaɖɛ lɩɩ ɖi-yomiye taa.  Pakʋ ɛ-caa lɛ, ɛkɛwɛna pɩnzɩ naalɛ koŋ koŋ. Ɖoɖoo ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ Pirimaanɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa politiki halʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ.  Ɛlʋba siŋŋ nɛ pʋcɔ ɖiɣɖiɣ caɣʋ maɣzɩ wɛʋ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛnʋ lʋbɩna ɖɔɖɔ siŋŋ nɛ temokrasii kɔɔ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa. 

Pɩnaɣ 1988 taa ɛ nɛ ɛ-taabalaa palʋba nɛ paɖʋ politiki ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ Pirimaanɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Payaɣ pɛ-tɛ politiki ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ se 'LND. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se Pirimaanɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa mba palʋkɩ se temokrasii ɛwɛɛ yɔ. Politiki ŋgbɛyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩlʋbɩna siŋŋ nɛ temokrasii kɔɔ Pirimaanɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɖoɖoo Ang San Suu Kyi kɛŋna politiki ŋgbɛyɛ LND tɛ takayaɣ taa mayʋ sɔsɔ.  

Toovenum lɛ, pʋcɔ politiki ŋgbɛyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩñɔʋ lɛ, Pirimaanɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa sɔɔjanaa ɖeke katɩna kewiyaɣ. Mba ɖʋɣaɣna paɣtʋ tɩŋa. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se sɔɔjanaa kpacayaɣna Pirimaanɩ ɛjaɖɛ. Ponuutaɣ-ɖɩ ɛzɩ pɔsɔɔlʋʋ yɔ. Ɛlɛ, Ɖoɖoo Aung San Suu Kyi tɛ politiki ŋgbɛyɛ lʋbɩna-wɛ siŋŋ nɛ Pirimaanɩ ɛjaɖɛ kɔɔ ɖɩlɩɩ sɔɔjanaa yomiye taa. 

Pɩnaɣ 1990 ñɩŋga taa pɔtɔ caca se palɩzɩ Pirimaanɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa paɣtʋ lɩzɩyaa lɛ, Ɖoɖoo Aung San Suu Kyi politiki ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɛyaa samaɣ kɩlɩ lɩzʋʋ se pɛkɛ Pirimaanɩ ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʋ lɩzɩyaa. Pɩlaba mbʋ lɛ, sɔɔjanaa kewiyaɣ sidi caca ŋ́gʋ nɛ pɩla se kɩtacazɩ caɣʋ. Pʋbʋ wayɩ lɛ, pakpa Ɖoɖoo Aung San Suu Kyi nɛ pasɩɩ-ɩ ɖoli nɛ pefeŋiɣ-ɩ paa alɩwaatʋ ndʋ.

Ɛ-salaka kuduyuu ŋgʋ kɩ-taa ɛwɛɛ nɛ kedeŋa kpeekpe ajɛya sɩŋna-ɩ nɛ paɖʋʋ-ɩ hʋnʋm ɛ-lʋbɩyɛ nɖɩ ɛlʋkɩ yɔ ɖɩ-taa. Ɛ-lʋbɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa paha-ɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ laŋhɛzɩyɛ yɔɔ lʋbʋ samtʋ nimiye.

Pɩnaɣ 2010 ñɩŋga taa Ɖoɖoo Aung San Suu Kyi lɩ salaka kuduyuu tɛɛ nɛ ɛwɛɛ ɛ-tɩ yɔɔ.
Avicenna

Avicenne, yaa Ibn Sīnā1 (Persan kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, ابن سینا), ɛyʊ ɛnɛyɔ palʊla-ɩ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 7 pɩnaɣ 980 Afshéna tɛtʊ taa, pʊñɔtɩna Boukhara, Khorasan Sɔsɔʊ tɛtʊ taa (sɔnɔ yaa nɔnɔ Uzibekistanɩ taa) nɛ ɛsɩ mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 1037 Hamadan tɛtʊ taa (Iran ɛjaɖɛ taa). Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛɛkɛ ɛyʊ yɔɔ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ, ɛkɛ takayasɩ mayʊ, ɛkɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ nɛ lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩyʊ kɛ persan hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ wɛɛ taa. Avicenne kaasɛwaɣ malɩŋ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ. 

Ɛsɔɔlɩ tɩlɩtʊ sakɩyɛ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ tɩyɩnzɩ yɔɔ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ, ñɩɣlɩm pɩsʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ maɣzɩm kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ yaa hɔyɛ yɔɔ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ. Ɛ-maɣzɩm yɔɔ tisiyaa ya-ɩ se Cheikh el-Raïs, tɩlɩya nɔɔ ɖɛyʊ, ɖɔkɔtɔ naa taa sɔsɔ, wɩlɩyʊ mamʊ niiye, wɩlɩyʊ naatozo tʊ kɛ Aristote nɛ Al-Fârâbî wayi. Malɩŋ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ tɔm yɔɔ kpɛlɛkɩya sakɩyɛ ɛzɩ Al-Ghazâlî, Ibn Taymiyya, Ibn Al-Qayim nɛ Al-Dhahabi tɔndɩ-ɩ mbʊ se ɛtɛkɛ Ɛsɔ sɛyʊ.

Kpaɣɖʊ 7 nɛ 8 alɩwaatʊ taa, kajalaɣ malɩŋ ñɩma tɛ seɣa alɩwaatʊ, mbʊ lɛ Siiri ɛyaa nɛ Mezopotami ɛyaa mba pɛkɛ Krɩstʊ ñɩma yɔ nɛ pɛ-tɛ nɛ Siiri nɛ Krɛkɩ yɔ ɖɛzaɣna arabɩ kʊnʊŋ taa kɛ ɛyʊ yɔɔ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ tɩlɩyɛ tɔm ndʊ tɩlɩna Krɛkɩ nɛ Room taa yɔ, lʊbɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ paɣzɩ arabɩ ñɩma cɔlɔ nɛ Persan ɛyaa cɔlɔ, Iran sɔsɔʊ kaawɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kɛ arabɩ ɛyaa nesi tɛɛ. 

Avicenne pɩlɩna ɛ-hɩla naalɛ anɛ ayɔɔ Ali al-Husayn Ibn Abd Allah Ibn Sina, palʊla-ɩ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 980 Khormeytan (yaa Afshéna, wɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ), Boukhara cɔlɔ kpam, (Transoxiane nɔnɔ Ouzbékistan ɛjaɖɛ). Ɛ-caa kɔyɔ Abdallah, ɛkɛ malʊʊ ɛ-tɛ Balkh kiŋ nɔnɔ Afganistan nɛ hayi kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa, ɛkɛ Kharmythâne egeetiye ñʊʊ tʊ, e-ɖoo kɔyɔ Setareh yaa Sitara ɛɛwɛ Afshéna. 

Pʊwɛ ɛzɩ ɛɛkɩlɩ ŋñɩɩ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛɛsɔɔlɩ wezuu tʊmɩyɛ nɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 14 lɛ, ɛkpɛlɛkaɣ eyeke. Petiyina Avicenne ɛ-pɩjatʊ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ mbʊ pɛdɩyʊ al-Natili cɔlɔ se ɛkpɛlɛkɩ akɔnta labʊ. Ɛɛwɛ ñʊʊ taa lɔŋ piŋ mbʊ lɛ ɛcɛzɩ ɛ-wɩlɩyʊ akɔnta labʊ nɛ lɛɣtʊ payi. Ɛla sukuli Boukhara, ɛsɔɔlɩ tɩlɩyɛ tʊma tɩŋa nɛ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ ɖɔkɔtɔ tʊmɩyɛ.
Hɔɔ lɩzɩɣ

Hɔɔ lɩzɩɣ, pɔyɔɔdʊʊ hɔɔ lɩzɩɣ tɔm lɛ, pɩkɛ nɔmɔŋ weyi ɛyʊ tɩŋʊʊ se pɩsa nɛ ɛɖɩɣ kaʊ hɔɔ palaka kpaɣ alɩwaatʊ nɖʊ abalʊ abalɩtʊ nɛ halʊ tɛ halɩtʊ pakatɩɣ ɖama nɛ pɩpɩsɩɣ yaɖɛ yɔ. Yaɖɛ maʊ wayi lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ se pɩpɩsɩ feteɖaɣ tɩyɛ nɛ pʊwayɩ lɛ, pɩpɩsɩ pɩɣa ŋñɩɩɩ. Pʊpʊ wayɩ pɩɖalʊʊ nɛ pɩɖalʊʊ lɛ, pɩpɩsɩ ɛyʊ nɛ kɩyakʊ nakʊyʊ wiye lɛ, palʊlɩ pɩɣa kɩfalaɣ nɛ paya-kɛ ɛyʊ.

Tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩtanɩ kpɩna wena alʊlʊʊ kʊlʊlʊʊ mbʊ pɩtɛma kɛʊ kpɩnɛ yɔ, ɛzɩ ɛyʊ, heu, haɣ yaa pɩyaʊ mbʊ yʊ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se papɩzɩɣ pakʊ feteɖaɣ ŋga nɛ palɩzɩ-kɛ kpaagba. Ɛyʊ tɛ lɛ, pɩtɛ nɔmɔŋ ɛnʊ ɛɖɔɔ. Payaɣ hɔɔ lɩwa pɩkɛ ɛyʊ maɣmaɣ ɖʊna nesi se kalɩɩ halʊ taa. 
 
Piyele pɩkɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ naa tɛ yɔ pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩkɛ hɔɔ ŋga peyeba-kɛ yɔ kalʊlʊʊ lakɩ kaɖɛ piŋ pɩtɩŋna halʊ alaafɩya hɔɔlʊʊ yɔɔ yaa feteɖaɣ ŋga caʊ fɛyɩ ɖeu yaa kʊdɔŋ mɛfɛyɩ kɔyɛ hayʊ nakʊyʊ tɛma-kɛ kpaʊ lɛ, pɩkɛ kɩjɛyɩɣ ɖɔkɔtɔ se ɛlɩzɩ-kɛ. Yee palɩzɩɣ nakɛyɛ nɛ pɩtɛkɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ paɣtʊ yɔɔ kɔyɔ ɛlɛ pɩkɛ paɣtʊ natʊyʊ yɔɔ kɔyɔ pɔtɔŋ pɔ-sɔɔlɩm taa lɩmaɣzɩyɛ hɔɔ lɩzɩɣ.

Piyele hɔɔ nakayɛ ɛlɩwa nɛ paɣtʊ ndʊ ɖɩyɔɔda pʊ-tɔm yɔ pɩtɛkɛ pɩtaa natʊyʊ yɔɔ kɔyɔ pɔtɔŋ se mɛɛsaɣ tɛɛ hɔɔ lɩzɩɣ. Piyele payaɣ se pɩmaba ɛtɩnaɣ yɔɔ lɛ, pɩkɛ tɩlasɩ nasɩyɛ talɩnaɣ pɩtɛ halʊ ɛnʊ, pʊtɔma kʊdɔŋ nakʊyʊ yaa kɩkpɛdɛsaɣ pɩlɩna halʊ tɛ Ɛsɔ tʊ cɔlɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ e-fenaɣ labʊ sɩŋa tuda. Pɩcɛzɩ tɔm naa mba pɔyɔɔ kɔyɔ ɖɩtɔŋ ɛlʊlɩ kɩtatalɩɣ fenasɩ lʊbɛ taa lʊlʊʊ.
Awuusa kʊnʊŋ

Awuusa kʊnʊŋ kɛ Caadɩ kiŋ kʊnʊŋ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ, Peenɛɛ nɛ Purkina Fasoo nɛ Kameruni nɛ Kotidiivʊwaari nɛ Kana nɛ [Nizɛɛrɩ (Niger)|Nizɛɛrɩ]] nɛ Naajeeriya nɛ Suudaŋ nɛ Caadɩ nɛ Togo ajɛya taa yɔ. Ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ ɛzɩ nɩnɩwa ntalɩ nɛ hiŋ loɖo halɩ ŋwolo ɛzɩ hiŋ lʊbɛ mbʊ yɔ pɩzʊʊ ɖɔkʊʊ nɛ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ yɔɔdʊtʊ ndɩ ndɩ kpaɖʊ yɔ kpaɖʊ. Mba paba palʊlɩ-wɛ kɩ-ta nɛ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ yɔ patala miiliyɔɔ waa nɛɛlɛ nɛ kɩgbanzɩ puwolo pɩtalɩ hiu waa naatozo nɛ naanza.
  
Awuusa wɛ ɖɔɖɔ Afro-Aziyatiki kʊnʊmɩŋ cejewiye taa payayɩ-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ se samito-sémitiki. Kɩlɩna Caadɩ kʊnʊmɩŋ agbela taa. Caadɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ agbela cɩkpena taa kʊnʊmɩŋ. Pɛtɛyɩ Caadɩ kʊnʊmɩŋ tɔm naanza taa kɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ cɩkpeŋ.

Awuusa kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ keeke Naajeeriya ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛnɛ. Ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ waa hiŋ naatozo yɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ. Nɩzɛɛrɩ ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ waa 9360000. Kana ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ waa naalɛ. Kotidiivʊwaari ɛyaa 121000.  Kameruni ɛyaa 400000. Caadɩ ɛyaa 200000. Suudaŋ ɛyaa 600000. Pɔyɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ ɖɔɖɔ ajɛyɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ndɩ ndɩ sakɩyɛ wena a-taa palakɩ tadɩyɛ siŋ yɔ.
    
Sɔnɔ, Awuusa kʊnʊŋ pɩsa samaɣ hɛkʊ taa kʊnʊŋ (tadɩyɛ) Afrika Wɩsɩ Ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ Afrika Hɛkʊ taa. Awuusa kʊnʊŋ mɩza ajɛya hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa, tʊma sakɩyɛ anaasayɩ ɖʊ ɛ-tɛ ñɩɩtʊ nɛ tɩyekɩ nɛ ɛyʊ nɩɣ ɖoo polɩŋ taa ajɛyɛ lɛɛna yɔ tɔm.

 
Awuusa kʊnʊŋ kɛ Naajeeriya nɛ Hayi kɩŋ tɛ kewiyaɣ kʊnʊŋ nɛ kɩ-kɛ [Nizɛɛrɩ (Niger)|Nizɛɛrɩ]] ɛjaɖɛ tɛ kʊnʊŋ. Kʊnʊŋ kɩmamaʊ lɩna kano yɔɔdɔɣ cɔlɔ. Pama Awuusa kʊnʊŋ ɖooo pɩtalɩ pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ naalɛ, kɔɔnaɣ taa lɛ, pama-kʊ nɛ Arabɩ tɛ maʊ kpata tɛ masɩ, nɛ sakɩyɛ taa lɛ, Latɛnɩ maʊ kpata tɛ masɩ, ŋgʊ paɖʊ kpaɣɖʊ nɛɛlɛ ŋgʊ nɔɣ yɔ nɛ abalɩ masɩ naaza kʊsɔzɩsɩ.
Azii yotu lʋbɩyɛ

Azii yotu lʋbɩyɛ kɛ lʋbɩyɛ tɩlɩtʋ kpɛlɛkʋʋ sukuli. Papɩzɩɣ palʋbɩ-ɖɩ nɛ nesi yem. Papɩzɩ palʋbɩ-ɖɩ nɛ naŋgbanzɩ. Ɖooo caanaʋ tɔm taa mbʋ yɔ kɛ, yotu lʋbɩyɛ kpɛlɛkɩtʋ tʋnɛ paatɩlɩ tɩ-taa size, tɩpɔzaɣ lɩmaɣza cukaŋ n̄ɩna nɛ lɔŋ nɛ lɛɣtʋ maɣzɩm sɔsɔm. Nɛ pʋ-yɔɔ lɛ, ɛyʋ pɩzɩɣ ɛɖɔkɩ ɛ-tɩ. Mbʋ pʋpɔza keekee yɔɔ lɛ size, pɩkɩlɩ ɖeu se ɛyʋ eyele lʋbɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ yɔ yee ɛɛpɩzɩɣ kɔyɔ. Ɛyʋ ɛkpɛlɛkɩ azii yotu lʋbɩyɛ yɔ, ɛkpaɣ ɖoŋ siŋŋ. Karatee yɔɔ lɛ, lʋbɩyaa lɩmaɣza mpilim kɔyɔ size, palʋ nɛ ɛyʋ wezuu caɣʋ taa lɛ, ɛwɛɛ alaafɩfa. 

Tɔm piye Azii you lʋbɩyɛ kɛ lɛɣtʋ piliŋa kɛ Aazii tɛtʋ taa. Ajɛya wena a-taa lʋbɩyɛ aleɣya kɩlɩ tɔyʋʋ Erɔpɩ tɛtʋ taa nɛ Amerika pɛ-tɛtʋ taa yɔ, a-taa ɖɔɖɔ Sapɔŋ ɛyaa kɩlɩ tɔyʋʋ. Siini mba ɖɔɖɔ nɛ pɩtasɩna Fɩyɛtɩnaam mba nɛ Kooree mba wɛ sakɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ ajɛya ana a-taa.

Patʋla Aazii yotu lʋbɩyɛ sukulinaa ajɛya ndɩ ndɩ taa. Pilinzi ndɩ ndɩ wɛ Aazii yotu lʋbɩyɛ lɛɣtʋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa.

Cɛyɩtʋ ndɩ ndɩ wɛ Aazii yotu lʋbɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa.
Auguste Rodin

Payaɣ Ɖajaa Auguste  Rodin ɖɔɖɔ se René François Rodin. Palʊla-ɩ Paarii , kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ hɩʊ nɛ naalɛ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1840 ñɩŋga taa. Palʋla-ɩ hɔʋ kɩbaŋgʋ nakʋyʋ taa. Payaɣ Ɛ-caa se Yohanɛɛsɩ.  Ɖajaa Auguste  Rodin René François sɩba Meudon tɛtʋ taa kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ hiu nɛ lʊbɛ ñɩŋgʊ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1917 ñɩŋga taa. . Ɛ-caa payaɣ size Yohanɛɛsɩ. E-ɖoo hɩɖɛ lɛ Marie Cheffer. 

Ɛ-caa kɔɖɔka nesi nɛ ɛ-halʋ weyi payaɣ ɛlɛ se Gabrielle Cateneau yɔ. Ɛlɛ wɛnɛ-ɩ halɩpɩɣa nɛ payaɣ kaka se Clothilde. Auguste Rodin caa wɛna ɖɔɖɔ halɩpɩɣa lɛɛka nɛ payaɣ-kɛ se Marie. 

Ɖajaa Auguste Rodin kɛ kajalaɣ sɩʋkpelasɩ saɣyʋ sɔsɔ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛ nɛ Ɖajaanaa panɛ : Antoine-Louis Barye nɛ Albert-Ernest Carrier-Belleuse panɩnɩ ɖama nɛ patʋlɩ sɩʋkpelesi saɣʋ sukili Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe.
Auguste nɛ Louis Lumière

Ɖajaanaa panɛ : Auguste Marie Louis Nicolas Lumière nɛ Louis Jean Lumière pɛkɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa. Palʋla ɖajaa Auguste Marie Louis Nicolas Lumière nɛ pʋcɔ palʋlɩ ɖajaa Louis Jean Lumière. Ɖajaa Auguste Marie Louis Nicolas Lumière kɩlɩ ɖajaa Louis Jean Lumière nɛ pɩnzɩ naalɛ.

Palʋla ɖajaa Auguste Louis Lumière kɛ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ nakʋ (19) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1862 n̄ɩŋga taa. Palʋla-ɩ Besançon tɛtʋ taa Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe.

Ɛsɩba ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu (10) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1954 n̄ɩŋga taa. Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ ɛsɩba Lyon tɛtʋ taa.

Palʋla ɖajaa Louis Jean Lumière ɖɔɖɔ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʋ kagbanzɩ (5) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1864 n̄ɩŋga taa. Besançon tɛtʋ taa ɖɔɖɔ palʋla-ɩ. Ɛlɛ, ɖajaa ɛnɛ ɛlɛ sɩba mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ kɩyakʋ loɖo (6) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1948 n̄ɩŋga taa Bandol tɛtʋ taa, Var egeetiye taa.

Ɖajaanaa panɛ  pa-naalɛ pa-hɩla sɛ siŋŋ kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ pɩlɩɩna pa-tʋma sɔsɔna sɔsɔna wena palaba yɔ a-cɔlɔ. Pa-tʋma ana ayebina nɛ pɛsɛɛ-wɛ hɩla se "Mʋntʋsʋŋ tɩnaa".

Mʋntʋsʋŋ tɩnaa pana, pa-caa kʋɖʋm. Pa-caa ɛnʋ payaɣ size Antoine Lumière. Pa-caa kɛkɛ tɔlɩm ndɩ ndɩ tayʋ. Palʋla ɛlɛ lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ naadozo (13) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1840 n̄ɩŋga taa. Ormoy egeetiye taa palʋla-ɩ Haute-Saône tɛtʋ taa.
Azɩtɛkɩ

Azɩtɛkɩ ɛyaa yaa Mɛkɩsɩkasɩ ɛyaa (hɩɖɛ ndɩ ɖɩlɩna pɛ-tɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ hɩɖɛ cɔlɔ se Mexico Tenochtitlan), kaakɛ Amerika ɛyaa mba paakɛ Nahua liɖe taa ɛyaa. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se Nahuatl kʊnʊŋ tɛ ɛyaa. Paacaɣ koŋ hɛkʊ taa Mɛkɩsɩkɩ pʊŋ taa, kɛ Mɩkɩsɩko kɛdɛŋga taa, kɛ Texcoco Kujomuu lɩm kpɛyɛ ko ŋgʊ yɔ kpaɣ ɛzɩ kpaɣɖʊ 19 alɩwaatʊ taa.
 

Kpaɣna kpaɣɖʊ 19 alɩwaatʊ pazɩɣ cɔlɔ mbʊ yɔ kɩɩwɛna ɛsakuliye siŋ Amerika ajɛyɛ taa nɛ kɩwakɩna pɩtɩŋna pɛ-tɛ natozo ɛgbadɩyɛ yɔɔ, ndɩ ɖɩɩkɛ Empiri ŋgʊ kɩkɩlɩ walɩɣ yɔ Mesopotami ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ. Po-koyonduu kajalaɣ-tʊ lɛ Tarasɩkɩ tɛ Empiri.

Ɛsɩpañɔlɩ ɛyaa mba paawoba Amerika ɛjaɖɛ tɛ you pɩnaɣ 1519 alɩwaatʊ taa pɩtɩŋna Hernán Cortés ɖɩɣ pe-kewiyaɣ alɩwaatʊ. Pɩnaɣ 1521 aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 13 ŋgu wiye, Ɛsɩpañɔlɩ ɛyaa waba nɛ pamʊ Tenochtilan ɖɩcaɣyɛ pɩtɩŋna tɛtʊ tɩna yɔ nɛ pakpa kpaagbaa tɛ Asɩtɛkɩ nʊʊdʊ ɛnʊ yɔɔ Cuauhtémoc. Kpɛdɛɛ mbʊ yɔ lɛ, Azɩtɛkɩ ɛsakuliye pɩsɩ kɩmɛlɛŋ alɩwaatʊ ajɛyɛ yoŋ wobɩtʊ alɩwaatʊ taa.

Pʊcɔ lɛ, Kolombi ɛsakuliye kpɛlɛkɩtʊ alɩwaatʊ lɩna Amerika hɛkʊ taa nɛ hayi kiŋ Kolombii ɛyaa mba palakaɣ tʊmɩyɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ naa tɛ kɔɣ ɖɩpɛɖɩyɛ takayaasɩ taa yɔ. Takayaɣ ŋga tɛtʊ tɩnaa maɣmaɣ mana-kɛ kɛ amate takayaɣ yɔ. Pɩkɛ Ɛsɩpañɔlɩ yoŋ laɖaa aseeɖe tɔm ɛzɩ Hernán Cortés nɛ Bernal Díaz del Castillo. Pɩkɛ tʊma ɖoŋ ñɩnaa laɖaa kpaɣɖʊ 16 alɩwaatʊ taa ɛzɩ Codex de Florence weyi ɛma takayɛsɩ nɛ ɛtɩsɩna mʊwanɩ Franciscain Bernardino yɔɔ yɔ.
Añɔsɩtisiizim (agnosticisme)

Maɣzɩm tɔmbiye kʊpɔzɩyɛ kɛ ɛyʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ pɩlɩɩna Ɛsɔ yɔɔ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛyʊ maɣzɩɣ su we Ɛsɔ yɔɔ. Ɛyʊ maɣzɩɣ se Ɛsɔ wɛɛ yaa Ɛsɔ fɛyɩ. Ɛyʊ maɣzɩɣ se ɛsɔnaa cikpema, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se agɔlɩma wɛɛ yaa afɛyɩ. Maɣzɩm mbʊ pʊ-ñʊʊ payaɣ se añɔsɩtisiizim (agnosticisme). Ɛyaa mba pɛwɛna pɩ-tɛ maɣzɩm mbʊ yɔ, payaɣ-wɛ se Añɔsɩtiki waa (agnostiques). 

Ɛyaa nabɛyɛ wɛɛ, paba ñɔtɔŋ se Ɛsɔ fɛyɩ, agɔlɩma fɛyɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɛyaa mba payaɣ se Aatee waa. Mbʊ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se agnosticisme yɔ, pʊwɛ ndɩ nɛ mbʊ payaɣ se «athéisme» yɔ. Ɛyaa nabɛyɛ ñɛwɛɛ nɛ papʊtʊʊ pɩtɩŋɛ pɩ-taa. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se paatisiɣ siŋŋ se Ɛsɔ wɛɛ yaa agɔlɩma wɛɛ. Payaɣ ɛyaa mba se pʊtʊyaa (sceptiques). Paba tɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ ñʊʊ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se «scepticisme». Añosɩtiki waa (Agnostiques) tɔŋ se nabʊyʊ fɛyɩ nɛ pʊwɩlɩɣ siŋŋ se Ɛsɔ wɛɛ yaa agɔlɩma wɛɛ. Pɔyɔɔdʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ se nɔɔyʊ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ ɛtɩlɩ nɛ toovenum siŋŋ se Ɛsɔ wɛɛ yaa se agɔlɩma wɛɛ.

Añɔsɩtiki waa eetisiɣ se lɛɣtʊ natʊyʊ yaa lɔŋ nɩɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ ɛcɛzɩ ɛyʊ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se paatisiɣ se nabʊyʊ wɛ ɛsɔdaa nɛ pɩkɩlɩ ɛyʊ lɛɣtʊ. Patakpaɣ ɛyaa mba payaɣ se lɔɔyɩsɩ tɩnaa yaa nayaa yɔ nɛ payaa se pʊyʊ. Paatisiɣ ɖɔɖɔ se Ɛsɔ ta nɔɔyʊ num nɛ ɛkɛ ɛ-tɛ Mɛsiyaa. Paatisiɣ ɖɔɖɔ se takayɩsɩ nasɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ sɩkɛ Takayɩsɩ kiɖeɖesi. Toovenum lɛ, takayɩsɩ nasɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ payaɣ-sɩ se Takayɩsɩ Kiɖeɖesi. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛyʊ tama-sɩ nɛ ɛ-lɩmaɣzɩyɛ, ɛlɛ, ɛma-sɩ pɩlɩɩna Ɛsɔ sɔɔlɩm taa. Ɛsɔ heyina tɔm ndʊ pama-tʊ yɔ. Patakpaɣ sɔnzɩ ndɩ ndɩ nzɩ palakɩ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ kpaamɩŋ taa yɔ nɛ payaa se pʊyʊ. Patakpaɣ paɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ ndʊ paɖʊ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ kpaamɩŋ taa yɔ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ payaa se pʊyʊ. Añɔsɩtiki waa tɔŋ se ɛyʊ maɣmaɣ lubina Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ aŋgba nɛ ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛɖʊna paɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ ndʊ tɩ-yɔɔ pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩtɩŋna nɛ ɛyaa nɩɩna ɖama yaa pala nɔɔ kʊɖʊmaɣ yɔ nɛ yoŋ yaa kɩdɛkɛdɩm lɛɛbʊ ɛtaawɛɛ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa yɔ. Añɔsɩtiki waa yɔɔdʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ se ɛyʊ maɣmaɣ lubina tɔm se ɛsɔdaa koboyaɣ wɛɛ nɛ miŋ wɛɛ.
Aŋgoola

Aŋgoolaa ɛjaɖɛ kɛna Afrika kedeŋa nɛ wɩsɩ ɖʊɖɩyɛ nɛ hadɛ kɩŋ ɛjaɖɛ. Ajɛya naanza cɔna-ɖɩ nɛ ata ko, anaa yɔ: Kɔngoo-Pirazaaviili, Kɔŋgoo Kinsasa, Namibi nɛ Sambii. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩɖaɣla nɛ ɖɩwɛ Afrika hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ taa ajɛya wena ayɔɔdɩɣ fransɩ kʊnʊŋ yɔ nɛ Afrika hadɛ kɩŋ ñɩna wena alɛ yɔɔdɩɣ anglisi tɔm yɔ ahɛkʊ taa. Afrika kpeekpe taa lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖikɛna naatozo ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa.

Ɖooo lɛ, Pɔrɩtigaalɩ ñɩma kakpacayaɣna-ɖɩ nɛ pʊcɔ ɖɩwɛʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ kɛ 1975. Ɖɩwɛ ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ aŋgba wena ayɔɔdɩɣ Pɔrɩtigaalɩ kʊnʊŋ yɔ a-taa. Pʊcɔ nɛ kɩwɛʊ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1975 taa mbʊ yɔ, Aŋgoolaa taa ɛyaa tɩŋa taa taahɛ nɛ ɛzɩma pɩwɛɛ se kɩhɛʊ koministi taa yɔ nɛ yoŋ sakɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ pʊtʊlʊʊ paaɛzɩmtaa pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 25 yɔ.

Ɛyaa ɛzɩ miliyɔɔ yɔ sɩba nɛ tɛtɛɛ ñɩm ɛsaam mbʊ pʊkʊ ɛyaa yɔ, pʊpʊ ñɛwɛɛ ɛzɩ miliyɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ yɔ nɛ pɩɖɩɩna ɛyaa kʊʊ halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ. Ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ mbʊ yɔ, ɖama nɩnaʊ nɛ ɖiu ɖiu caɣʊ wɛ Aŋgoolaa taa yem fɛɛɛ.
Aŋŋwana

Aŋŋwana pɩsa-ɖʊ mbʊ pɩwazɩɣ-ɖʊ paa ɖooye yɔ. Mbʊ palakɩna aŋŋwanaa mba yɔ patasa-pʊ naʊ pʊɖɔɔ. Pʊcɔ nɛ polubu-wɛ lɛ, pakpakɩɣ mbʊ polukina yɔ, polimɛɛrɩ, nɛ pañaɣzɩ nɛ piyoli nɛ palɩzɩ mbʊ pɔzɔɔlaa yɔ.

Papɩzɩɣ pakpaɣ polimɛɛrɩ ŋgʊ cɩŋgɩlɩm yaa ŋgʊ kizida ya nɛ polubina aŋŋwanaa yaa wondu ndʊ palakina aŋŋwanaa mba yɔ. Sɔnɔ taa mbʊ yɔ poluba wondu sakɩyɛ nɛ aŋŋwanaa nɛ pɩwazɩɣ ɛzɩ mbʊ pɩdaakʊ ɛyʊ yaa pɩdaŋgɩ se paa ɛyʊ ɛtɔlaa lɛ pɩtaanɩ-ɩ yɔ.

Ñɩiɩtʊ natʊyʊ wɛɛ nɛ tikotuu yem yaa tɩwɛɛ ɛzɩ aŋŋwanaa yɔ ɛlɛ pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ. Ɖooo lɛ pɔlɔwaɣ aŋŋwanaa mba pɛwɛɛkaa yɔ ɛlɛ sɔnɔ mbʊ yɔ paɖaɣnɩɣ-wɛɛ kpaɣʊ nɛ polubina wondu kɩfatʊ. Aŋŋwanaa lubiyaa hikuu pa-tɩ sɩŋŋŋ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ paykɩ nɛ pawazɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ paa le.
Baalɛɛnɩ

"Baalɛɛnɩ" kɛ kpakpayaɣ sɔsɔɔ nakɛyɛ.

Tɔmpiye "Baalɛɛnɩ" lɩna Laatɛɛ kʋnʋŋ taa. Kʋnʋŋ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa lɛ, payaɣ se *ballaena* yaa *ballena* yaa ɖɔɖɔ se *balaena*. Laatɛɛ tɔmpiye ɖɩnɛ, ɖɩnɩɣzɩna Krɛɛkɩ tɔmpiye *phalaina* pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se mbʋ puhuu yɔ. Krɛɛkɩ nɛ Rooma n̄ɩma pɔ-cɔzɔnaa tɔma se baalɛɛnɩ kɛ lɩm tɛɛ kɩpnɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛna hʋzɩŋ yɔ. 

Ŋgʋ lɩm tɛɛ kpakpasɩ lɛɛsɩ fɛyɩna hʋzɩŋ. Fransɩɩ n̄ɔtɔŋ se, pɩkɛ lɩm tɛɛ kpakpayaɣ n̄azɩ n̄azʋʋ ŋga pɔyɔɔdɩ kɔ-tɔm Ɛsɔtɔm takayaɣ taa se kiliba Yoonaasɩ nɛ ɛlɛ caɣ ko-lotu taa kɩyakɩŋ naatozo yɔ. Paya n̄azɩ n̄azʋʋ ŋgʋ se kpakpayaɣ, ɛlɛ, toovenum lɛ, paakpakɩɣ-kʋ se kɩkɛ kpakpayaɣ siŋŋ.
Basile kiɖeɖeu Ɛsɔ kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ

Basile kiɖeɖeu Ɛsɔ kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ tɛɛ payaɣ Pɛlɔ kele kele tʋ Maaria se ɛsɩna-ɖʋ. 

Pɩnaɣ 1555 taa pasɩ Basile kiɖeɖeu Ɛsɔ kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ kajalaɣ pɩyɛ. Pɛtɛma kʋ-tʋma tɩŋɛ pɩnaɣ 1561. Pɩnaɣ kʋɖʋmaɣ ŋga ka-taa patʋlɩ kɩ-nɔnɔsɩ.

Ɛsɔ kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ kʋnɛ, kɩwɛ Mɔsɩkʋʋ ɛjaɖɛ lone kɩsɛmɖɩyɛ taa. Sɔnɔ lɛ, kuduyuu ŋgʋ, kɩkɛ kumoɖe nɖɩ pama-ɖɩ nɛ matʋ sɔsɔtʋ siŋŋ yɔ. Matʋ ndʋ, tɩkɛna Ruusii ɛjaɖɛ tɛ sɔnzɩ taa matʋ ndʋ tɩkɩla ɖeu yɔ. Payaɣ N̄ʋʋ yaɖʋ Ɛsɔ kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ size Spasskaïa.

Ŋcɔna kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ ŋgʋ nɛ kɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa kiŋ nɛ ŋkpaɣ nʋmɔʋ ŋgʋ kitikina Moskoza tɛtʋ taa, tendene kuluŋgulu naɖɩyɛ nɖɩ palaba-ɖɩ nɛ ɛyʋ nesi yɔɔ kiŋ kɔyɔ, ŋnaɣ Moscova tɛtʋ taa tʋ nesi tɛɛ tʋmlaɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ tʋma taa wena akɩlɩ ɖeu kpem yɔ a-taa naɖɩyɛ : nɖɩɩ payaɣna Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa size : *L'église de l'Intercession-de-la-Vierge-sur-le-Fossé*.  Ɛlɛ, yee paya-kʋ se Basile Koboyaɣ tʋ yɔ, ɛyaa kɩlɩɣ-kʋ sɩm kɛlɛʋ.

Ɛsɔ kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ ŋgʋ, payaɣ-kʋ ɖoŋ ɖoŋ yem size Basile kiɖeɖeu Ɛsɔ kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ. Mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, kɩwɛ Basile kiɖeɖeu koboyaɣ tʋ pɩlaʋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa kiŋ kɛ Ɛsɔ kɩlaʋ layʋ kaŋ kɩn̄ɔtɩna Postnik Yakovlev egeetiye yɔ pɩnaɣ 1588 taa yɔ.
Bayɩkalɩ Kujomuu

Bayɩkalɩ Kujomuu kɛ kujomuu ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Siberii nɛ haɖɛ kiŋ nɛ Ruusii nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩkyɛ taa kiŋ. Kɩ-tɛ wɛ leleŋ nɛ pʊwɛ kekele nɛ ŋna pɩtɛ pɩtalɩ mɛta waa 40. Payaɣ-kʊ nabʊyʊ taa se Siberii ciiyaɣ. Moŋgolɩ ñɩma mba palɛwɛʊ kʊ-cɔlɔ yɔ payaɣa-kʊ se Ɛsɔ teŋguu.
  
Kɩ-ɖalakɩŋ maɣna kilomɛta waa 636 nɛ walanzɩ kɔyɔ kilomɛta waa 24 ntalɩ kilomɛta waa 79 nɛ kɩ-tɛ tɛʈʊ yɔ walanzɩ kɔyɔ kilomɛta waa 31722 kpɛɛ ko nɛ kɩ-pɩsɩ kujomuu loɖo ŋgʊ kedeŋga kpeekpe taa. Kɩkɛ kujomuu ngʊ kɩkɩlɩɣ liŋguu yɔ. Kɩ-tɛ liŋguu talɩ mɛta waa 1642 nɛ kɩcaɣ ahɔya wena a-yɔ yɔ a-talɩɣ Mɛta waa 7000. Kɩwɛ Iablonovy nɛ Bargouzine pɔŋ hɛkʊ taa nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kiŋ nɛ Bayikalɩ pɔŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa.

Kujomuu ŋgʊ kʊmʊʊ 336 pɔsɔ lɩm paa ɛzɩmtaa pada kɛlɛ Selenga kɩ-tɛ nɛ Mongolii ɛjaɖɛ taa kiŋ. Tɛʊ lɩm mbʊ kɩmʊʊ yɔ lɛɛzɩɣ paa pɩnaɣ ŋga nɛ pɩtalɩ miilimɛta waa 200 ntalɩ 500 nɛ haɖɛ kiŋ lɛ, pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩtalɩ miilimɛta waa 500 ntalɩ 900. Papɩzɩɣ pasaɣ mɛlɛnaa kʊ-yɔ mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ taa nɛ salaŋ fenaɣ taa yeke. Kpaɣ pɩnaɣ taa fenasɩ lɛɛsɩ taa lɛ, ɖɔmpɛɛ huuzina kɔyɔ nɛ a-tɛ kʊkʊyʊmɩŋ kpaɣ niika alɩwaatʊ pɩzɩɣ talɩ mɛta kʊyʊmʊʊ ntalɩ 1,5 nɛ halɩ mɛta waa waa naalɛ hɔɔlɩŋ nɩiyɛ taa nɛ pɩhaɣ waɖɛ ɛyaa nɛ lɔɖaa se pɔɖɔ.
 

Ɛyaa kudokiŋ nɩnɩwa wɛna kujomuu ŋgʊ kʊ-nɔɔ kpɛɛ nɛ pɛ-tɛ fezuu caɣʊ wɛ kaɖɛ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ tɛtʊ sɩba. Kpakpasɩ nɛ pɔm waa kɛnɛ pɔdɔna. Kpɛlɩ taa lɛ ɛyaa ɖɔɔ pɩŋ pɩtɩŋna Bayɩkalɩ Amour Magistral suuluku kpɛyaɣ ŋga pama yɔ kɔyɔ. Papɩsɩ pakpa kpakpasɩ pɩnaɣ tɩŋga mbilim. Ɖɔmpɛɛ niika alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, pohuyuu pɔʊ sɔsɔʊ ɖɔmpɛɛ taa.
   
Paa egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛwɛ pʊŋ nɛ pɩwɛ kaɖɛ ɛzɩma yɔ kujomuu ŋgʊ kɩkɛ mɛlɛnaa nʊmɔʊ sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ ɖɔmpɛɛ kpaɣ hɛkʊ hɔɔlʊʊ mbilim pɩnaɣ tɩŋga. Niika alɩwaatʊ wayi aloma nɛ kamɩŋ fenasɩ taa lɛ, kpakpasɩ kpaɣʊ mɛlɛnaa tɩŋga nɛ ñɩnʊʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ mɛlɛnaa nɛ yɛlʊʊ mɛlɛnaa wɛna ɛjandʊʊ sɩpɔrɩ hɔɔlʊʊ taa Bayɩkalɩ kujomuu yɔ. Nʊmɔʊ kɩ-ta ɖɔnɛ ɖanɩɣ pazɩɣ agoza nɛ mɩsɩkʊm fenasɩ taa, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɖɔmpɛɛ yɔlʊʊ. Pɩwayi ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, teŋguu ŋgʊ kɩ-yɔ mɛlɛnaa ɖɔm wɛ kaɖɛ mbʊ pʊyɔ yɔ helim sɔsɔm nabʊyʊ makɩ nɛ pɩhazɩɣ nɔmɔʊ taa pɩtɩŋga payi.
Benoît Nursie tʋ

Palʊla Benoît de Nursie kɛ Nursie tɛtʊ taa kɛ pɩnaɣ 480 yaa 490 taa nɛ ɛsɩ pɩnaɣ 543 yaa 547 taa kɛ monastère du Mont-Cassin taa. Katolika mba cɔlɔ nɛ Orthodoxe mba cɔlɔ lɛ, Benoît de Nursie kɛna weyi ɛtʊla  monasitɛɛrɩ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Ordre des Bɛnɛdɩctɩn yɔ. Katolika mba nɛ Orthodoxe mba cɔlɔ lɛ ɛyʊ kiɖeɖeu ɛnɛ ɛkɛŋna tuuɖe tɛtʊ taa kɛ muwaaninaa cɔzɔ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, ɛtʊla ɛtɛ monasitɛɛrɩ nɛ ɛɖʊ paɣtʊ yaa ɛɖʊ ɖɔnɛ nɖɩ pɩwɛɛ se muwaani ɛɖɔ yɔ lɛ, pɩcaɣ camɩyɛ nɛ monasitɛɛɖɩnaa wɛɛ nɛ halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ pɛwɛ nɛ pɔɖɔŋ tɩ-yɔɔ. 

Palɩzɩɣ Benoît de Nursie kiɖɛɖeu ɛlɛ, esu toko kɩkpɛdɩɣ waa ŋgʊ benedikitiŋwaa suu yɔ nɛ ɛɖɔka takayaɣ e-nee tɛɛ. Payaɣ Benoît de Nursie caa se Eutrope, Justinien Probus lʊlɩna-ɩ; nɛ e-ɖoo kɛ payaɣ se Abbondanza Claudia de' Reguardati di Norcia. Ɛyʊ kɩɖeɖeu ɛnɛ, ɛwɛna kɔɔ nɛ ɛlɛ payaɣ se Scholastique. Palʊla-ɩ krɩstʊ hɔʊ taa nɛ paya-ɩ Benoît, pʊtɔbʊʊ se nɔɔ kɩpaŋa lɔʊ yaa Ɛsɔ wazaɣ. Pɛwɛ Nursi tɛtʊ taa, nɛ ɛzɩ paa pɔɔ ŋga lɛ, paɖʊzʊ-kɛ salaka tʊ nɔɔyʊ nesi tɛɛ nɛ ɛcɔŋna kɔ-yɔɔ, nɛ pɩla mbʊ ɛ-tɔm taa. 

Peeɖe tɛtʊ taa lɛ, cɔɔcɩnaa yaa ɛsɔ sɛtʊ aŋgba naalɛ wɛnanɛ a-tɛ ɛyaa kiɖeɖema kɔyɔ: Eutychius nɛ Florentius. Benoît paɣlaa lɛ, ewolo Roma tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛla e-sukuli. Peeɖe ɛcɔna ɛyaa lakasɩ yɛɖɛ yɛɖɛ lɛ ɛna ɛ-yɔɔ cɔnayʊ Cyrilla pese peeɖe se pɩsamɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛnɔɔna Takayaɣ kiɖeɖeɣa (Bible) camɩyɛ. Pesewa lɛ powolo Enfide tɛtʊ taa nɛ pacaɣ San Pietro cɔɔcɩ taa. Peeɖe Benoît cala ɛ-kacalaɣ hama lakasɩ labʊ: paasʊlɩma cankeɖe nakʊyʊ nɛ kʊyɔkɩ ɛ-yɔɔ cɔnayʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-cɔlɔ nɛ Benoît tɩmɩ kɩtɩmɩɣ nɛ kɩkpa ɛzɩ kɩɩwɛʊ yɔ. Pɩlaba mbʊ lɛ, ɛ-hɩɖɛ paɣzɩ yɛlɩʊ peeɖe tɛtʊ taa. Mbʊ yebina nɛ ese nɛ ewolo Subiaco tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛpaazɩ lakʊ taa wɛʊ. 

Evemiye naɖɩyɛ kɛ ɛ-lɩmaɣza woba halɩpɩɣa nakɩyɛ yɔɔ, ɛɛna-kɛ Rome tɛtʊ taa, ɛnɛ ɛ-taa ɖaɣnɩ wɩɣ nɛ ɛhɔzɩ e-wondu nɛ ɛhɩnɩ sɔɔ taa se ɛsɔ ɛkpaɣ ɛ-kɩwɛɛkɩm mbʊ nɛ ekpeɣ-i. Mbʊ ɖaɣnɩna labʊ nɛ ɛɖaɣnɩ ñɩnɩʊ ɖenɖe nɔɔyʊ ɛtaatasɩ-ɩ naʊ kpem yɔ. Pɩla mbʊ nɛ ehiu muwaani nɔɔyʊ nɛ ɛlɛ wɩlɩ-ɩ kaaŋ nɩɩyɛ taa. Ɛlɛ hawaɣna-ɩ tɔɔnaɣ kɛ peeɖe nɛ ɛnʊ ɖɔɖɔ hana-ɩ e-toko kɩkpɛdɩɣ ŋgʊ esuu yɔ.
Bernard Clairvaux tʋ

Bernard de Clairvaux kɛna Clairvaux taa fada yaa layʊ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ. Palʊla-ɩ tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Fontaine-lès-Dijon tɩ-taa kɛ pɩnaɣ 1090 yaa pɩnaɣ 1091 nɛ ɛsɔ ya-ɩ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ nɛɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 1153, pɩnzɩ 63 taa. Bernard ɛnɛ ɛkɛna Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa mɩwanɩ yaa mba payaɣ-wɛ se maŋkʊyɩɖaɣ nɛ mantɩmʊna ɛsɔ yɔ. E-fezuu caɣʊ taa lɛ, ɛɛkɛna weyi ɛɛɖʊ lɛɛzɩʊ kɩfam kɛ ɛsɔ tɔm taa yɔ. 

Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Cîteaux yɔ, ɖɩ-taa lɛ Bernard kaakɛna lɔntasɩyʊ nɛ nɛ ñʊʊtʊ nɔɔyʊ siŋŋŋ nɛ ɛtaaleeyu nɛ ɛ-tɩ cɛlɩɣ kɛ ɛsɔ sɛtʊ yaa atɩma. Ɛ-ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa lɛ, ɛñɩnaɣ kpem se ɛ-taabalaa ɛcɛyɩ pa-tɩ nɛ pɔɖɔkɩ ɛsɔ sɛtʊ kpam nɛ pasɩna samaɣ kpeekpe nɛ posusi ɛsɔ tɔm camɩyɛ. Fontaine tɛtʊ taa Bernard ɛnɛ, ɛɛkɛna ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ taa mʊwanɩ weyi ɛɛcɛla ɛ-tɩ ɛsɔ siŋŋŋ yɔ nɛ ɛcɛyʊ ɛ-tɩ wɩsɩ nɛ ɖoo se ɛyaa ɛtaanɩna liidiye nɛ kewiyaɣ nɛ pɩwɛɛ se pɔsɔ ɛsɔ yɔɔ.

Fontaine tɛtʊ taa Bernard sɩba kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ nɛɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 1153 nɛ pɩlaba pɩnzɩ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kʊɖʊmaɣ lɛ (21) layaa sɔsaa ɖʊ-ɩ ɛyaa kiɖeɖema taa nɛ pɛwɛɛ ɛ-atɩma yɔɔ. Pɩlabɩ pɩnzɩ 677 kɛ ɛ-sɩm wayɩ lɛ, yaa pɩnaɣ 1830 taa lɛ, Papa weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Pix VIII yɔ, ɛkpa-ɩ kiɖeɖeu. Pɩsɩna mbʊ lɛ, Bernard de Clairvaux ɛnɛ papaɣzɩ-ɩ yaʊ se Clairveaux taa Bernard Kiɖeɖeu.
Bahaullah

Palʊlɩ ɛyʊ weyi payaɣ se Mīrzā Ḥusayn-ʿAlī Nūrī  yɔ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ hiu nɛ naalɛ n̄ɩŋgʊ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1817 n̄ɩŋga taa. Palʊla-ɩ Iranɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, Teheeraanɩ tɛtʊ taa. Ɛsɩba agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ nɩɩlɛ nɛ nakʊ n̄ɩŋgʊ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1892 n̄ɩŋga taa. Ɛsɩba Izrɛɛlɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, Aakrɩ tɛtʊ taa. Mīrzā Ḥusayn-ʿAlī Nūrī  kɛ Ɛsɔ lɔɔyaɣ tʊ nɔɔyʊ. Pakʊma-ɩ hɩɖɛ ɛ-tɛ Iiraanɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa se Bahāʾ-Allāh. Hɩɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ lɛ se Ɛsɔ Ɖoŋ yaa Ɛsɔ n̄alɩmɩyɛ.

Bahāʾ-Allāh tɔŋ se ɛnʊʊ lɛ, Ɛsɔ lɔɔyaɣ tʊ kpaagbaa n̄ɩnʊ weyi Ɛsɔ tiyi kedeŋa yɔɔ yɔ. Ɛɔŋ se Ɛsɔ lɔɔyasɩ tɩnaa sʊsaa panɛ : Krishna nɛ Abrɩham nɛ Moïse, Bouddha nɛ Zoroastre nɛ Yeesu nɛ Muḥammad pa-wayɩ lɛ, ɛnʊ wɛna. Se ɛnʊʊ lɛ Ɛsɔ wɛtʊ yeli kedeŋa yɔɔ. Ɛyɔɔdɩ se kedeŋa kpeekpe ɛyaa kaɣ kpɛndʊʊ nɛ pɛkɛ ɛyaa kʊɖʊmaa. Se pakaɣ kpɛndʊʊ nɛ pala sɔnzɩ kʊɖʊmasɩ. Ɛyɔɔdɩ ɖɔɖɔ se ɛ-tɔm ɖooo lɔŋdaa Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ aŋgba kpeekpe kosusaa. Se ɛ-tɔm posusaɣ ɖooo lɔŋ se ɛkaɣ kɔm kɛdɛzaɣ alɩwaatʊ taa nɛ eyele nɛ siɣsiɣ tɔm wɛɛ kedeŋa yɔɔ nɛ ɛyaa tɩŋa wɛɛ laŋhʊlʊmɩyɛ nɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ pa-taa yem fɛɛɛ. 

Ɛɛkɛ weyi payaɣ se Bāb yɔ ɛ-wayɩ tɩŋɩyʊ pɩnaɣ 1819 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 1850 n̄ɩŋga taa. Bāb n̄ɔtɔŋaɣ se ɛkɛ weyi ɛkʊyʊʊ ɛsɔdaa yɔ. Patasaɣ-ɩ yaʊ ɖɔɖɔ se *Imam Caché* yaa Al-Mahdī, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se weyi  pʊwɩla-ɩ nʊmɔʊ kɩbaŋʊ siŋŋ yɔ. Se ɛ-tɔm Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se Izilaam yɔ, ɖisusaɣ. Se ɛnʊʊ Malɩŋ kaɖaŋaa se ɛkɔɔ nɛ pʊcɔ *Tɔm Hʊʊ Kpaagbaa Evemiye* talɩ
Big Bang

Big Bang kɛna keteŋa paɣtʊ kpɛlɛkʊtʊɖɛ ndʊ lɔnsɩnɖɛ ñɩnɩya kpaɣ nɛ pañɩnɩna tɛtʊ nɛ tɩ-yɔɔ ɛyaa kpeekpe lɩnaa yɔ. Cacalaɣ taa lɛ Pɛlɩzɩ katolika-tʊ sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Georges Lemaître yɔ ɛnʊ ɛcalɩna-tʊ maɣzɩɣ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1927. Ɛcalɩna yɔɔdɩɣ se tɛtʊ nɛ tɩ-yɔɔ ɛyaa kpeekpe naʊ mbʊ yɔ, pɩɩkɛ ɖoli kʊɖʊm nɛ pʊcɔ nɛ pamɩzɩ keteŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ. 

Pʊwayɩ lɛ Amerika tɩnzɩ tɩlɩtʊ ñɩnɩyʊ weyi pa yaɣ-ɩ se Edwin Hubble ɛñɩɣʊ-tʊ yɔɔ nesi pɩnaɣ 1929 se ɛɛɛ mbʊ pɩlaba. Payaɣʊ se Big Bang yɔ kacalaɣ poombo taa lɛ, pɩɩkɛna ɛzɩ woŋga pʊyʊ yɔ; nɛ aradiyo ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se BBC yɔ, kɩ-taa kɛ pacala-tʊ nɩʊ pɩnaɣ 1950. Piritaaniiki-tʊ weyi pyayaɣ-ɩ se Fred Hoyle yɔ ɛnʊ ɛcalɩna-tʊ yɔɔdɩɣ peeɖe.

Ndʊ tɩwɛɛ yɔ lɛ, Big Bang lɛ pakpaɣ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ nɛ pɛkpɛndɩ kpɛm kɛ ñɩnɩɣ kpeekpe mbʊ pɩyɔɔdɩɣ kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ wondu nɛ ɛyaa wɛtʊ yɔ. Nɛ pɛkɛtɩɣ kedeŋa ñɔʊ ɛzɩ pɩkɛna mbʊ pɩɩwɛ kʊŋgʊlʊm nɛ pʊcɔ nɛ pɩyaɣ kpa nɛ pɩmɩzɩʊ kpɛdɛŋŋŋ yɔ. Pɩlabʊ mbʊ yɔ pɩɖɛ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ miliyaaɖɩnaa 13,8 yɔ.

Payaɣ se Big Bang kpem nɛ pɩtalɩna sɔnɔ yɔn pɩlɩna Ruusii ñɩnɩyʊ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Alexandre Friedmann yɔɔ. Hɩɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩlɩ ɛyʊ ɛnɛ ɛ-nɔɔtaa ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1922, pɩnzɩ kagbanzɩ wayɩ fayɩɩɩ pʊcɔ nɛ Georges Lemaître yɔɔdɩɣ-tʊ. Papaɣzɩ-tʊ ñɔɔdɩɣ sɩŋŋŋ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1965. Albert Einstein kɛ pɩɩwɛ se ɛtasɩ nesiñɩɣʊ pʊ yɔɔ ɛlɛ ɛɛwɛ kpɛm se keteŋa wɛʊ mbʊ yɔ, kaɣlɛɣzɩɣʊ yem.
Ɖeɖe wondu kuduyuu Guggenheim

Bilbao tɛ ɖeɖe wondu kuduyuu Guggenheim kɛ payana anasaayɩ taa size musée Guggenheim de Bilbao Ɛsɩpaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɖeɖe wondu kuduyuu Bilbao n̄ɩŋgʋ kʋnɛ, kɩkɛna keɖeyaɣ kuduyuu ŋgʋ pama-kʋ nɛ sɔnɔ lɛɣtʋ nɛ lɔŋ pa-matʋ tɩyɛ yɔ.

Keɖeyaɣ wondu kuduyuu kʋnɛ, kɩwɛ Bilbao tɛtʋ taa Ɛsɩpaañɩ taa. Patʋlaɣ kʋ-nɔnɔsɩ pɩnaɣ 1997 ñɩŋga taa. Kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ cɩnɛ kuduyiŋ naanza ɖeke kɩlɩna-kʋ kɛɖewa. Ɖajaa Solomon R. Guggenheim mana-kʋ.

Matʋ lɛɣtʋ kɩfatʋ yɔɔ patɩŋnaa nɛ pama kuduyuu ŋ́gʋ. Ɖajaa Frank Gehry lɩzɩna kɩ-kɩlɛmʋʋ nɛ pʋcɔ pama-kʋ. Ɛ-lɩzɩtʋ ndʋ tiyebina nɛ, ɛ-hɖɛ sɛɛ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Pʋ-yɔɔ pɩtɩŋnaa nɛ paha-ɩ kuduyiŋ sɔsɔŋ maʋ kɩlɛmɩŋ lɩzʋʋ samtʋ nimiye. 

Keɖeyaɣ wondu kuduyuu kʋnɛ, kɩpɩsɩ sɔnɔ kuduyuu ŋgʋ pakɩlɩ sɩm kpem kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ. Kɩkɛna ñɩm sɔsɔm ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa pama-kʋ yɔ.