open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Al-Aksa ciŋgili

Al-Aksa ciŋgili kɛŋna Yerusalɛm taa ciŋgili ŋgʊ kɩkɩla paɣlʊ yɔ. Pama-kʊ ɖooo pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ VII taa. Lone nɖɩ pama-kʊ yɔ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Tamplʊnaa Pʊʊ. Kɩna lɔbɔɔ kuduyu ŋgʊ payaɣ kʊkʊ se Ɛwaɣ kuduyu yɔ, ɩtɩŋa ɩkpɛnda nɛ pama-ɩ ɖoli kʊɖʊm nɛ peeɖe yɔ ciŋgilinaa kadaɣ yaa Haram al-Sharif. Malɩŋ ɛsɔsɛtʊ ɛŋgbɛyɛ taa lɛ, pɔyɔɔdʊ se Alla tiyiyu sɔsɔ Mahomet wayɩ lɛ, ɛ-wayɩ tɩŋgɩyʊ, imam Omar ibn al-Khattâb, paɣzɩna ciŋgili ŋgʊ maʊ. Pɩɩkɛna pɩnaɣ 637 taa kɛ lone kiɖeɖeye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa nayʊ Mahomet kaakʊya ɛkpana ɛsɔtaa ɖoo kiɖeɖena naayɛ taa yɔ. 

Kacalaɣ malɩŋ ɛsɔsɛtʊ kpaaŋ kʊnɛ, paɖaana-kʊ walasʊ nɛ pɔñɔɔzɩ-kʊ camɩyɛ. Pɩɩkɛna malɩŋ ñʊʊtʊ sɔsɔ imam  Omeyyade Abd-al-Malik alɩwaatʊ taa. Pɩnaɣ 705 taa kɛ imam sɔsɔ ɛnɛ ɛpɩyalʊ imam al-Walid ñɛtɛzɩna-kʊ ñɔɔzʊ. Cɩŋgili ŋgʊ kɩwɛɛ mbʊ nɛ pʊkɔma pɩnaɣ 746 lɛ, tɛtʊ pazɩ tɩñamsɩ peeɖe nɛ kɩyɔkɩ. Ɛlɛ pɩtacaɣ yem. Pɩnzɩ litozo wayɩ lɛ, pinaɣ 754, imam sɔsɔ abbasside al-Mansur ɖaɣnɩ-kʊ maʊ nɛ pɩnaɣ 780 ɖɔɖɔ pɔyɔkɩ-kʊ piyele patasɩ-kʊ sɔzʊ walanzɩ. Ciŋgili kʊnɛ kileɖa cabɩ. Pɩlakaɣ pɩnzɩ ɛzɩ 253 lɛ, tɛtʊ tasɩ ñamsʊ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ kɩ-hɔɔlʊ sɔsɔʊ kpem ñɔkɩ ɖɔɖɔ. 

Pɩla mbʊ se tɛtʊ ñamsa nɛ ciŋgili al Aksa yɔkɩ pɩnaɣ 1033 lɛ, imam sɔsɔ weyi ɛɛwɛ pɩtɛ alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ, fatimide Ali az-Zahir, ɖaɣnɩ-kʊ tasʊ maʊ. Pɩwayɩ yɔ, paɖaana ciŋgili ŋgʊ ñɔɔzʊ camɩyɛ. Ɖenɖe pɔñɔɔza yɔ hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɛ kɔyɔ: andema, tilima, kila tɛɛ kpɛɛɛ, ɖɩzʊyɛ sɔsɔyɛ, Alla nɛ e-tiyiyu Mahomet pɔ-yɔɔ tɔm ɖɩ-yɔɔdɩyɛ, lone nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa imam sɩŋgʊ nɛ ɛyaa malɩŋ lɛɛŋ yɔ nɛ cɩŋgili ŋgʊ kɩ-maɣmaɣ kɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ. Kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1099 taa ɖama-taa sʊʊ nɛ lɛɛzʊʊ kɩfam wɛɛ pɩlɩʊ lɛ, pakpaɣ ciŋgili ŋgʊ ɛzɩ kewiyaɣ ɖay yɔ nɛ Kɩna lɔbɔɔ kuduyu ŋgʊ payaɣ kʊkʊ se Ɛwaɣ kuduyu yɔ ɛzɩ cɔɔcɩ yɔ. Pɩwɛɛ mbʊ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna se Saladin ñɩʊ nesi pɩ-yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1187 nɛ pɩla ndʊ lɛ mbʊ.
Pʊʊ

Pʊʊ kɛna tɛtʊ lɩzʊ lone naɖɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ tɩyɩnzɩ cɔʊ loniye naɖɩyɛ taa nɛ kɩwɛ tɔndʊʊ yɔ. Pɩkɛna tɩyɩnzɩ cɔʊ lone nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛtʊ nɛ ɖɩ-kaaŋ pekpeɣla ɖoli kʊɖʊm com pʊɖɔɔ  nɛ pʊkʊyɩ kamaɣ fɛyɩ yɔ. Pasɩŋ pʊʊ nɛ kʊ-kʊyɩmɩŋ pɩkɩlɩna kɩ-kʊyɩmɩŋ taa kɩcɛlʊ kɛcɛlɛnzɩ camɩyɛ yɔ. Pɩwɛ kaɖɛ pazɩ se ɛyʊ ɛpazɩ ɛkɛdɩ kɛɛkɛɛ mbʊ payaɣ se pʊʊ yɔ. Pʊyɔɔ kɛ hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ nɩna ɖzmz nɛ akpɛndɩɣ a-lɩmaɣza nɛ anɩɣna ɖama mbʊ payaɣ se pʊʊ yɔ. Tɔm piye ɖɩnɛ palɩza-ɖɩ pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ X nɛ XII taa. Pʊʊ pɩzʊʊ pɩkɛna se tɛtʊ nɛ kaaŋ pepeɣlɩna ɖoli kʊɖʊm nɛ pʊkʊyɩ pazɩ, mbʊ payaɣ se payaɣ yɔ.    

Pʊŋ wɛna wɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩɩna mbʊ mbʊ pɩkpɛnda nɛ pɩlabɩ-ɩ yɔ. Pʊŋ nɩɩyɛ wɛɛ lɛ, ɩ-ñʊŋ taa  wɛ cʊlʊ cʊlʊ, lɛɛŋ takɩlɩ kʊyʊ nɛ lɛɛŋ kʊyɩ camɩyɛ ɛlɛ ɩ-ñʊŋ taa wɛ landammm ɛzɩ kadaŋga yɔ. Nɩɩyɛ wɛ ɛzɩ hɔkɩŋ yɔ, pʊtɔbʊʊ se ɩtɩna ɖama yɔɔ ɛlɛ paa ŋgʊ lɛ lɛ, kɩwɛna kɩ-n̂ʊʊ ɖɩkɔyɛ. Pʊŋ nɩɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɩ-taa cukaŋ taa nɛ momolokiŋ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ pʊŋ ɩnʊ pɩkɛdʊ yem lɛ miŋ lɩʊ na ɩtaa fɩŋfɩŋ ɛzɩ miŋ nzʊlumayɔ. Pʊŋ nɩɩyɛ wɛɛ lɛ, nɔɔyʊ ɛɛpɩzʊ ɛkpa i-taa mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɩkɩla wɛʊ siu siu. Paanɛ mbʊ yɔ palɩza nimasi nasɩyɛ nɛ pakpaɣna-ɩ. 

Pʊŋ ɩnʊ ɩ-taa kɛ tɛtɛ kpɩna naayɛ mɛlʊ camɩyɛ nɛ ahiku laŋhɛzɩyɛ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ akoyindina akpama ɛɛtalʊ peeɖe. Keteŋga kpeekpe taa tɛtɛ kpɩna ɛzɩ kʊɖʊm ɖɩyɛ kɛ naatozo yɔɔ wɛ pʊŋ taa. Pʊŋ taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ tɛtɛɛ lɩm kɩpambʊ wɛɛ ɛlɛ ɩ-taa kpaʊ yaa ɩ-taa caaʊ wɛ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ sɔndʊ nɛ kaɖɛ. Pʊŋ wɛyʊ kpɛlɛkʊ siŋŋŋ wɛ kaɖɛ ñɩnɩya sakɩyɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ mɩŋ XVIII kɛ mbʊ yɔ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pʊŋ taa kɛ pakɩlɩɣ sɩɩnaa sakɩyɛ nɛ sɔsa kɛ kpɛyʊ. Pɩtasɩ lɛ peeɖe kɛ agɔlɔma sɔsɔna sɔɔla wɛʊ. Pʊŋ wɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ lona wena awɛ kelekele yɔ nɛ azuluma fɛyɩ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ. Peeɖe heelim kɩbam wɛɛ.
Kɩlaʊ

Kɩlaʊ yaa wazaɣ kɛna lakayaɣ ŋga kɔ-yɔɔ pɩtɩŋgʊna nɛ nabʊyʊ wɛɛna wazaɣ yɔ yaa pɩwɛɛ kelekele yɔ. Paalaɣ kɩlaʊ lɛ, pahaɣ wondu ndɩ ndɩ pɩkɩlɩna tɔɔnasɩ, ɖaɣ simaszi (kelima, sʊŋ, halikukunaa) yaa ɖaɣ kpɩna (pʊŋ, heŋ, naŋ...), ñɩɣlɩm wondu ndɩ, nabʊyʊ taa awayɩ wondu yaa awayɩ simasi. Kɩlaŋ nɩɩyɛ lɛ, ɛyaa kpem kɛ palaɣ. Kɩlaʊ ɖeɖe naaʊ mbʊ yɔ, ɛsɔnaa nabayɩ yaa akaɔlɔma naayɛ kɛ palaɣ-kʊ. Calɩm kɩlaŋ kɩlɩna tɔyʊ. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ palaɣ tɔɔnasɩ tɛ kɩlaŋ yɔ, pɔyɔɔdʊ se pelizu lɩm. 

Pɩkɛna tɛtʊ haʊ, kuduyu maʊ, nʊmɔʊ ɖɛʊ yaa ɖɔɖɔ ɖɩwaɣ sʊʊ ɖeɖe kɛ pakɩlʊ lɩm mbʊ pilizu. Palaɣ kɩlaŋ kɛ yem. Nabʊyʊ cɛyʊna nɛ palaɣ-ɩ. Ɛyʊ wezu caɣʊ taa lɛ, tɩlasɩ ndɩ ndɩ talɩɣna-ɩ nɛ ɛwazɩ. Ɛwazʊ nabʊyʊ taa se ɛwɛɛna ñʊʊ leleŋ, ɛ-yɔɔ ɛcɛ yaa ɛsɛɛna ɛsɔ yaa agɔlɔma se alabaɣlɛ. Kɩlaŋ nɩɩyɛ wɛɛ lɛ, palaɣ-ɩ se pɩkʊ nabʊyʊ ɛlɛ mbʊ pɩkazʊ se pɩwazʊ yɔ, pɩɖɔɔ nɛ pɩwɛ ɖeu pɩkɩlɩ. Kɩlaŋ nɩɩyɛ ñɔɖɔɔnʊ kɩdɛkɛdɩm yaa pɩɖaŋgʊ-pʊ se pɩkɔɔ. Wazasɩ nasɩyɛ ñɛwɛɛ lɛ, sɩsɩŋna ɛyʊ kɛ tʊmɩyɛ taa yaa sukuli taa yaa ɖɔɖɔ sɩɖaŋgʊ ɛyʊ kɛ you taa.  

Ageeta nɛ haɖaa ndɩ ndɩ taa ɛzɩ Kɩrɛsɩ taa kɛ mbʊ yɔ, tɛtɛ kpɩna kɛŋna wondu ndʊ tɩwɛ ɛsɔnaa yaa agɔlɔma nɛ ɛyaa pɛ-hɛkɩŋ taa yɔ. Nɛ a-calɩm yɔɔ kɛ ɛyʊ pɩzʊ ɛtɩŋna nɛ ɛyɔɔdɩna ɛsɔ yaa ɛgɔlɔmɩyɛ. Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, ɛsɔsɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Ɛnduyism yɔ, ɖɩ-taa lɛ, nɔɔyʊ ɛtaamaɣzɩ se kɩlaʊ kpɩna sɩkɩ kɩsɩbʊ. Kpaɣ ɛzɩ tɩŋ, tɛtɛ wondu naŋgbanzɩ nanza yaa sumasi ndɩ ndɩ nzɩ sɩsɩkɩ kɩlaʊ ɖeɖe yɔ, sɩwɛɣna wezu kɩfalʊ sɔsɔʊ sɩ-sɩm wayɩ.
Wasɩŋtɔŋ DC

Wasɩŋtɔŋ DC kɛna Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Pɩsa nɛ tʊkaɣ wɛɛ Wasɩŋtɔŋ DC kʊnɛ ŋgʊ kɩkɛ Etaazuunii tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ yɔ nɛ Wasɩŋtɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩkɛ Amerika taa ɛjaɖɛ yɔ lɛ, payaɣ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ se Wasɩŋtɔŋ DC egeetiye. Pɩnaɣ 2019 taa pakala kɩgalʊ lɛ, pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 705 749 yɔ kɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa ɛlɛ tɩ-hɛkʊ taa ɖeyi ɖeyi. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛyaa ɛzɩ 3 987 yɔ wɛ kilomɛta kpata kʊɖʊmʊʊ taa. Piyele tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ndʊ tɩtɩŋa tɩ-taa ɛyaa kpɛnda miliyɔŋnaa 6,2. Etazuni ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa lɛ, tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩkɛŋna loɖo ñɩndʊ ɛlɛ nɖʊ tʊtʊ taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ tɩ-taa kɔyɔ: Husitoni nɛ Miyami.  

Ɖenɖe Wasɩŋtɔŋ DC kɛna Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ yɔ lɛ, tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩfɛyɩ tɛtʊ cikpetu 50 ndʊ tɩkpɛnda nɛ tilakɩ Etaazuuniiu yɔ. Tɩ-tɛ paɣtʊ yaa politiki lɩɣna ajɛya ana a-ñʊŋ tɩna kedizsi yɔɔ. Pɩlɩɩna ɛzɩma tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-yɔɔ huuzuu yaa kandʊ paɣtʊ takayɩsɩ wɛɛ lɛ, pɩɩhaɣ ɖɩ-samaɣ nakayɩ waɖɛ se ɖɩlɩzɩ ɖɩ-yɔɔ kandɩyʊ nɔɔyʊ yaa ɖɩwɛɛna ɖɩ-ɖɔnɛ paɣtʊ takayɩxsɩ ɖɩtaa ɖiyeke. Wasɩŋtɔŋ DC kɛna loniye sɔsɔyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa Amerika nɛ ajɛya ndɩ ndɩ tʊma sɔsɔna sɔsɔna wɛɛ yɔ. Peeɖe Kewiyaɣ ñʊʊtʊ ɖaɣ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ se Ɖaɣ Kʊhʊlʊmaɣ yɔ, kɛwɛɛ, pitasɩna tɔm hʊʊ kpaaŋ sɔsɔʊ. 

Peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ panaɣ paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ paɖɩcaɣyɛ wɛɛ. Keteŋga kpeekpe liidɩye koozaɣ ŋga payuaɣ Baŋkɩ Mɔndiyalɩ yɔ nɛ ajɛya kpɛndʊ liidiya koozaɣ ŋga payaɣ kaka se FMI yɔ sɩwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Pɩtɛ piɖeke ɛlɛ tʊma sɔsɔna nɛ peeɖe ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊ kediizasi kpaamɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Peeɖe kɛ pama ajɛya ndɩ ndɩ lona taa caɣya ɖamɩŋ nɛ ɛtala ɛzɩ 176 yɔ. Palɩza Wasɩŋtɔŋ DC se kɩkɛna Etaazuunii tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ kɛ kediizaɣ sɔsɔɣa nakakɩyɛ ɖeɖe kɛ pɩnaɣ 1790. Pɩɩkɛna kediizaɣ ŋga ka-taa pɩɩwɛɛ se palɩzɩ tɛtʊ natʊyʊ se ndʊ ɛkɛŋna Etaazuunii ajɛya kpeekpe tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ nɛ peeɖe kewiyaɣ ɖicaɣyɛ. Pɩla mbʊ nɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 24 wiye pɩnaɣ 1791 ɛlɛ pala sɔnzɩ sɔsɔsɩ nɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩpɩsɩ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Pɩɩkɛna hɩɖɛ ɖʊʊ kɛ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ kacalaɣ ñɩnʊ weyi payawaɣ-ɩ se George Washington yɔ. Wasɩŋtɔŋ DC malɩka ñʊʊtʊ payaɣ se Mauriel Bowser nɛ palɩza-ɩ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naalɛ ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 2015.
Yahoo!

Yahoo! kɛna nimasi nzi sɩ-yɔɔ ɛyaa tɩŋgʊna nɛ pɔyɔɔdʊʊna ɖama kɛlɛʊ yem yɔ. Pɩkɛna Amerika kɩgaʊ ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛ ndɔncɔlɩyɛ nimasi nzi payaɣ se wɛbɩ yɔ, ɖɩ-yɔɔ. Ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ palɩza-ɖɩ pɩnaɣ 1994 nɛ kpaɣna pɩnaɣ 2017 ɖɩsʊ aseɣɖe nɛ tɔm sʊzʊʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Verson Mediya yɔ ɖi-nesi tɛɛ. Yahoo! tikiɖe yaa kpaaŋ sɔsɔʊ wɛ Suniyavale tɛtʊ taa, Kalifɔrni ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɖooo kiɖe tɛɛ, David Filo nɛ Jerry Yang paalɩza Yahoo! kɛ Stanfɔrɩ sukuli sɔsɔʊ taa kɔlaɣ fenaɣ 1994 lɛ, pɩɩkɛna se pɔyɔɔdʊʊ aseɣɖe tɔm kɛ tʊma sɔsɔna naayɛ yɔɔ yaa tada labʊ nɛ ɛsɩnda wobu yɔɔ. Pɔkɔɔ papaɣzɩ pa-lɩmaɣza ana kɛ lakɩŋ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1995. 

Ɛntɛrnɛtɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Alexa yɔ, ɖɩyɔɔdʊ se pɩnaɣ 2004 taa mba powilaɣ wɛbʊnaa yɔ, Yahoo! taa pakɩlaɣ sʊʊ. Piyele takayɩsɩ hatʊ yɔɔ lɛ, palɩza siti Yahoo! ɛzɩ miliyaɖɩnaa naatozo yɔ kɛ efemiye taa aloma fenaɣ 2004 taa. 
Siŋŋŋ taa lɛ, lakɩŋ fenaɣ 15 wiye pɩnaɣ 1994 kɛ Yahoo! ñɔ Santa Clara piyele has;ki yaɖɛ fenaɣ 29 wiye pɩnaɣ 2009 lɛ, Yahoo! kʊnɛ nɛ Mikrosoftɩ paɖʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɛ palakɩ tʊmɩyɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ ɛntɛrɩnɛtɩ hɔɔlʊʊ taa. pʊkɔma hasɩ yaɖɛ fenaɣ 2016 lɛ, aseɣɖe nɛ tɔm sʊzʊʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Verson Mediya yɔ, ɖɩya Yahoo! tʊmɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ. Pɩnaɣ 2017 taa Yahoo! pilinzi ndɩ ndɩ nzɩ sɩñɔɔ yɔ, sɩkpɛnda 8 600. Pɩnaɣ 2013 taa liidiya nɖɩ Yahoo! tʊma sʊzaa yɔ, awɛ ɛzɩ miliyaɖɩnaa 4,7 USD yɔ. Pɩ-taa lɛ, pɩwɩlʊ se liidiye nɖɩ ɖitiba ɛzɩ looɖo yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ taa.
Tataɣ

Tataɣ kɛna pɔɔyɩŋ weyi ɩwɛ kaaŋ yaa acaza taa yɔ. Tataɣ kɛna ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ pʊbʊwaa nɛ pɩkazɩ pɔɔyɩŋ nɩɩyɛ kɩkazʊʊ yɔ. Pɩkɛna mbʊ pɩtatasɩ wɛʊ alɩwaatʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa yɔ. Pɩpɩzʊ pɩkɛna  pɔɔƴʊʊ nɔɔyʊ yem yaa ɖɔɖɔ nabʊyʊ nacalɩm yaa pɩ-pɔɔyʊʊ. Pɩpɩzʊʊ pɩkɛna ɖɔɖɔ caanaʊ taa wondu natʊyʊ ndʊ pɔtɔsa-tʊʊ camɩyɛ yɔ. Tɔsʊʊ wondʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kɔyɔ: mɔɔ, kela, tɩŋ nɩɩyɛ hatʊ yaa ɖɔɖɔ kpɛŋgbɛzɩ nasɩyɛ. Pʊwɛ ɛzɩ pɔtɔŋgʊ se ɛyʊ ɖɛʊ ɛlɛ ɛ-tɔm ɛɛmʊkɩ yɔ. Tatasɩ yɔɔ tʊʊzʊʊ lɩna ñɩnɩyaa mba pɛkpɛlɛkʊʊ caanaʊ wezu tatasɩ yɔ yaa ɖɔɖɔ tɛtʊ maʊ kpɛlɛkɩyaa cɔlɔ, caanaʊ ɛsakuliye tɔm tʊʊzʊʊ nɛ kɩpɩŋjaazɩ tɔm nɛ tɩ-wondu kpɛlɛkɩya pɔcɔlɔ. 
Pɩlɩɩna tatasɩ ɖɔʊ yaa ɖɔɖɔ sɩ-wɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ yɔɔ lɛ, sɩpɩzʊ sɩwɛɛna ɖoŋ yaa lakasɩ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ pɩlɩɩna pʊyɔɔ lɛ, sɩpɩzʊ sɩɖɔɔ yaa sɩkpɩlɩ. Pamaɣzʊ wondu ndʊ ndʊ tɩsɩba yaa tɩɖɛwa kɔyɔ, panaɣ se tɩ-tatasɩ yaa tɩ-naacalɩm wɛ ndɩ ndɩ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ,tɩ-maɣmaɣ tɩwɛna wɛtʊ nɛ lakasɩ ndɩ ndɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Wondu agaza wɛʊ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ tɛtʊ hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɛ wɛɛ lɛ, peeɖe pakɩlʊ-ɩ naʊ. Yee tatasɩ ɩwɛʊ hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɛ nɛ pɩkɩlʊ lɛɛŋ kɔyɔ, pɩlɩna peeɖe tɛtɛɛ ñɩm cɔlɔ. Kɩpɩŋjaazɩ tɔm nɛ wondu kpɛlɛkɩya tɔŋ se tatasɩ nzɩ sɩkɩla ɖoŋ nɛ ɩɩpʊkɩ yɔ, ɩwɛna pɩnzɩ ɛzɩ mɩliyɔɔna taŋga nɛ mɩnɩʊ.
Ilemiye feveku

Miŋ tʊmɩyɛ laba taa lɛ, ilemiye feveku kɛna tomnaɣ ŋga kalɩna haɖaʊ, laŋ, ɖɔɖɛ nɛ tɛtɛ kpɩna nɛ kpɛŋgbɛɛsɩ pɩ-taa nɛ pɩpɩzʊʊ se pɩkɛna ɖenɖe miŋ ɖoŋ feveku lɩɣna yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 2001 taa lɛ, Erɔpʊ tɛ paɣtʊ natʊyʊ lɩwa nɛ tɩyɔɔdʊ se ilemiye feveku   kɛna ñamañamanaa mba paɖazʊ yɔ, mʊzʊŋ nɛ mbʊ pakpakʊ hayɩm taa nɛ pɩkazʊ yɔ. Pɩpɩzʊ pɩkɛna tɔɔnasɩ mʊzʊŋ yaa ɖɔɖɛ ñɩŋ. Pɩkɛna ɖɔɖɔ laŋ nɛ tʊma wena palakɩ-ɛ laŋ hɔɔlʊʊ taa yɔ. Yaa ɖɔɖɔ ñɩɣtʊ tʊma azuluma nɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ taa hula. 

Pɩnaɣ 2009 taa lɛ, mbʊ payaɣ se ilemiye feveku yɔ, pɩkɛna hayɩm taa wondu ndʊ tɩɖazʊʊ yɔ, hula wena akɛna ñɩtʊ yaa mbʊ pɩɖazʊ yem yɔ nɛ tɛtɛ kpɩna pɩmbɩna yaa nɛɛndʊ. Laŋ nɛ mbʊ pʊcɔ-ɩ nɛ pɩta yɔ, piyiŋ lɔʊ nɛ kpagbasɩ ɖɔʊ haɣ ɖɔɖɔ ilemiye feveku. Pʊkɔma pɩnaɣ 2010 lɛ, ilemiye feveku kʊnɛ kɩ-tɔm lɛɣzɩ pazɩ nɛ paɣtʊ kɩfatʊ natʊyʊ ñalɩɩ nɛ tɩtɔŋ se pɩkɛna mʊzʊŋ weyi ɩkɛna haɖaʊ nɛ laŋ yɔ nɛ ɩpɩzʊ se iɖee miŋ ɩñaɣ nɛ ɩha feveku ŋgʊ kɩpɩzʊ kɩwazɩ camɩyɛ yɔ.
 
Pɩnaɣ 2013 lɩwa lɛ, ilemiye feveku taa nɩʊ tasɩ lɛɛzʊ nɛ pɔtɔŋ se mbʊ pɩtaa tɩɩwɛ  kaɖɩbɔnɩ nɛ pɩmʊʊ miŋ yaa pɩh	aɣ feveku yɔ. Pɩɩtɩɩkɛna laŋ taa tɩŋ, haɖaʊ tɔɔnasɩ yaa ɖɔɖɔ ñɩɣtʊ ajɔɔla lubu taa kɔyɔ, pɩñɩtʊ nɛ pɩhaɣ pɩtɛ feveku ŋgʊ yɔ, pɩtɩŋa pɩkɛna ilemiye feveku. Nʊmɔŋ naalɛ wɛna nɛ ihaɣ ilemiye feveku kʊnɛ. Kacalaɣ taa lɛ, laŋ, haɖaʊ, ɖɔɖɛ nɛ kpaagbaa lɛ, ɖenɖe ilemiye fevekʊ lɩɣna yɔ yaa ñɩɣtʊ acɔɔla ɖiluɖe.
Pɩcɩlʊʊ yaa putooye pɩyɛ

Pɩcɩlʊʊ yaa putooye pɩyɛ kɛna pɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ lɩm taa yɔ yaa, denɖe lɩm kaawɛ yɔ. Lɩm peeɖe kɛ kañɩŋga nɛ putooye pataaɖɩ nɛ ɖama alɩwaatʊ ndʊ afɩya taɣ-ɛ lɔɔlɔɔ  nɛ soŋgaɣ nɛ nikaɣ pakpa yɔ. Putooye yaa pɩcalʊʊ kʊnɛ kɩlɩna kaaŋ nɩɩyɛ taa. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ lɩm ñɩzʊ kaaŋ ɖoŋ ñɩŋ lɛ, lɩm kʊɖʊmʊm mbʊ pɩkpakʊna putooye ana nɛ pɩdɛɣna pʊcɔlʊʊ pɔɔ nɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ alɩʊ ahɔya yɔɔ nɛ alɛ ñataa-ɛ lɔɔlɔɔ lɛ, pɩtɩŋga ikpeŋgeli nɛ pɩpɩsɩ kaaŋ kɩfaŋ lɛɛŋ. 

Mbʊ yebina nɛ tɛtʊ lɩzʊʊ kpɛlɛkɩya, tɛtʊ maʊ tʊʊzʊʊ kpɛlɛkɩya nɛ tɛtʊ tʊʊzʊʊ wɛɖʊʊ ñɩnɩya tɔŋ se pɩcilʊʊ yaa putooye pɛɛ anɛ,  a-taa nɛ ñɩɣlɩm pɛɛ wena payaɣ-ɛ se kʊwasi nɛ fɛlɩdɩpati yɔ. Pɩlɩɩna kɑaʊ kʊnɛ kɩ-wɛtʊ maɣmaɣ yɔɔ lɛ, nɩɩyɛ pɩzʊ ɩwɛɛ nɛ epuutuu yem. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, ɩtɛcɛyɩ ɛ-ɖɩmayɛ. Pɩcɩlɩŋ pɛɛ anɛ, pɔsɩ taa, teŋgʊnaa taa, lɩm fɛɛŋ taa yaa ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe panaɣ-ɩ. Pɩkazɩ kaaŋ sɔsɔŋ weyi lɩm ñɩzʊ mbʊ yɔ, yee ɩtakpandalɩ nɛ ɖama kɔyɔ, ɛlɛ pɩsɩɣna kañɩŋa nɛ weyi ɩpaɣlaa yɔ, payaɣ-ɩ se pɩcakpalama.

Tɛtʊ lɩzʊʊ kpɛlɛkɩya, tɛtʊ maʊ tʊʊzʊʊ kpɛlɛkɩya nɛ tɛtʊ tʊʊzʊʊ wɛɖʊʊ ñɩnɩya tɔŋ pɩcɩlɩŋ ɩnɛ ɩwɛ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩɩna wiluu ŋgʊ iwuu aliwaatʊ ndʊ pɛkɛtʊ ɩ-yɔɔ kɛ hama yɔ yaa ñɩɣlɩm wonu nakʊyʊ yɔ. Pɩcɩlɩŋ pɛɛ naayɛ wɛɛ lɛ, pɛkɛtʊ hama ɩ-yɔɔ lɛ piwuu se « PIF » yaa heŋŋŋ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se se pɩcɩlɩŋ pɛɛ ana apɩ cɩŋ cɩŋ nɛ awɛ ɖoŋ camɩyɛ. Papɩzʊ pakpaɣ-ɩ nɛ palabɩna tʊma sɔsɔna. Nɩɩyɛ ñewuu « POUF » yaa kpɔŋ kpɔŋ. Kaaŋ ɩnɛ ɩ-taa nɛ pɔŋ nɛ ɩwɛ ɛzɩ kpaŋbʊyɩŋ yɔ. Ɖenɖe kaaŋ ɩnʊ ɩwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe lɩm wɛʊ camɩyɛ nɛ pɩɩsɔʊ yem. Peeɖe kaɖazɩm nɛ tɛtɛɛ heliminaɣ nakayɩ pɩzʊ pɩwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ.
Ɛntɛrnɛtɩ

Ɛntɛrnɛtɩ kɛna nimasi nzi sɩ-yɔɔ ɛyaa tɩŋgʊna nɛ pɔyɔɔdʊʊna ɖama kɛlɛʊ yem yɔ. Pɩkɛna ɖama yɔɔdɩnaʊ nɔmɔʊ sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ ɖama yɔɔdɩnaʊ nimasi lɛɛsɩ sakɩyɛ ndɩ ndɩ kpɛndʊ kɩ-taa yɔ. Pɩpɩzʊ pɩkɛ samaɣ kpeekpɛ yɔɔdɩnaʊ yaa ɖama nɩnaʊ ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ nimasi yaa ɖɔɖɔ nɔɔyʊ nimaɣ ɛ-taa eɖeke. Kpaamɩŋ sakɩyɛ ɖama yɔɔdɩnaʊ ɛntɛrnɛtɩ wɛɛ nɛ ɩ-taa kɔyɔ: sukulina sɔsaa, tada tʊma taa mba, kominana yaa ɖɔɖɔ sɔɔjɛɛtʊ tʊmɩ laɖaa. Pɩnaɣ 2019 taa ɛntɛrnɛtɩ nimasi ndɩ ndɩ tala ɛzɩ kudokiŋ 91 yɔ. Yee palɩza kɛlɛm kɛlɛm nɩmaɣ yɔɔ kɛ ɛntɛrnɛtɩ nɔmɔŋ kɔyɔ, pɩwɛ yem ɛzɩ ɖoo taa ɛyʊ naɣwʊʊ ɛsɔtaa tɩyɩnzɩ yɔ. Tɔm kususutu yɛlʊ paale pɩtɩŋna ɛntɛrnɛtɩ yɔɔ pɩlɩɩna ɖɔnɛ tɩlʊ paɣtʊ sakɩyɛ ndʊ tɩcɔlʊ tɔm camɩyɛ yɔ nɛ pɔcɔ tiyeki yɔ tɩ-yɔɔ.

Mbʊ papɩzʊ palabɩna ɛntɛrnɛtɩ yɔ pɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɔyɔ takayaɣ ŋga pamaɣ-kɛ nɛ peyekuna nimasi nzɩ sɩ-yɔɔ yɔ. Patɩŋgʊna ɛntɛrnɛtɩ yɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ palakɩ tʊma kɛ mbʊ payaɣna Aŋgilisi kʊnʊŋ taa se World Wide Web yɔ, pʊtɔbʊʊ se keteŋa kpeekpe ajaɣ koŋgo ñɛyɩtʊ. Peyeku takayɩsɩ nzɩ pama ɔrdinatɛɛɖɩwaa yɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ petekuu yaa ɖɔɖɔ ɛyaa pɩzʊ pɔyɔɔdɩɣna ɖama ɛzɩ kaŋgalafʊnaa taa yɔ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɛntɛrnɛtɩ kɛna Angilisi kʊnʊŋ tʊm nɛ pʊ̀-tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se tɔm nimasi ndɩ ndɩ kpɛndʊ. Robert E. Kahn kɛna kacalaɣ-tʊ weyi ɛɖa-tʊ lɩzʊ yɔ kɛ aloma fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1972. Pɩɩkɛna kediizaɣ sɔsɔɣa nakayɩ ɖeɖe kɛ Wasiŋtɔnɩ taa nɛ pɔyɔɔdaɣ keteŋa kpeekpe ɔrdinatɛrɩwaa tɔm ɖɛzʊ-tɔm. Tɔmpiye ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ɖɩlɩyɛ wɛ cɩkpɛndʊ ɛlɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kacalaɣ wiye pɩnaɣ 1983 kɛ papaɣzɩ-ɖɩ yɔɔdʊ kpayɩkpayɩ.   

Weyi ɛlakɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ ɛntɛrnɛtɩ yɔ, payaɣ-ɩ se ɛntɛrnoti nɛ pɩnaɣ 2014 tɛ salaŋ fenaɣ taa tɔm yɛlɩnaʊ nimaɣ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ se Wɛb yɔ kɛkpɛnda ɛntɛrnɛtɩ ñɩŋga yɔɔ nɛ pakalɩ-sɩ lɛ, sɩɖɛ ɛzɩ miliyaaɖɩ yɔ nɛ ɛntɛrnotiwaa ñɛɖɛ ɛzɩ miliyaaɖɩnaa naatozo yɔ. Pɩwɛɛ mbʊ lɛ, nimasɩ ñɔɖɔʊ nɛ ɛyaa suu nɛ posuu sɩ-yɔɔ. Ɛntɛrnɛtɩ wɛna tɔm yeku nimasi ndɩ ndɩ sakɩyɛ nɛ paa nimaɣ ŋga lɛ nɛ kamayaɣ. Ndʊ ɛntɛrnoti nɔɔyʊ ɖʊʊ nimaɣ nakayɩ yɔɔ yɔ, paa anɩ ɛpɩzʊ ɛna nɛ ɛkalɩ yem. Ɛlɛ paɣtʊ natʊyʊ nɛ mlakasɩ nasɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ nɔɔyʊ ɛtɔsɔɔlɩ se pakalɩ ɛ-tɔm kɔyɔ, pɩɩsaŋ ɖɔɖɔ se pakalɩ-tʊ.
Pam

Pam kɛna kɛna sʊlʊm mbʊ pʊkʊʊ ɛyaa yɔ nɛ pɩkɛna pɔʊ cɩyɩm. Pam kɛna sʊlʊm mbʊ palakɩna sɔnzɩ kɛ sɔŋgaɣ ajɛya sakɩyɛ taa yɔ. Sʊlʊm pʊnɛ pɩkɩla tɔyʊ kɛ Azii wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ, Afrika nɛ hayʊ kiŋ pɩkɩlɩna ajɛya wena awɛna Sahara nɛ kɩhadɛ kiŋ yɔ a-taa. Pam pʊnɛ pasaɣ-pʊ paŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa. Pasaɣ-pʊ paŋ weyi ɩlʊlʊʊ kpaakpa nɛ palakɩ-yɛ penim yɔ i-taa, kpatala taa ɖɔɖɔ yaa kpɩyɩŋ taa nɛ Afrika taa ɩwɛɛ, paŋ nɩɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ ɩlʊlʊʊ pee naayɛ nɛ payaɣ-yɛ se daatɩ nɛ ɩlɛr lɛ Magrɛbʊ ajɛya taa pakɩlʊ-pʊ saʊ. Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ Azii wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ, paŋ nɩɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ payaɣ-ɩ se sikiɖi paŋ. Ɩnʊʊ nɛ palmiiri kɛ pasaɣ pam. Hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɛ taa lɛ, ansayɩ kpaakpa kɛ pasaɣ pam.  

Ɖooo caanaʊ taa lɛ, pɩnzɩ ɛzɩ kudokiŋ kagbanzɩ yaa naanʊwa pʊcɔ palʊlʊʊ Yeesu lɛ, Pabilonio mba sawaɣ finɛgɩɖɩ nɛ pam. Pohosuu pam nɛ pɩlɩɩ lɛ, pʊhʊlʊma layɩlayɩ nɛ pɩwɛ ɛzɩ naalɩm yɔ. Pɩwɛ leleŋ tʊɖʊɖʊ ɛzɩ sikiri yɔ. Pɩwɛʊ nɛ pileɖi lɛ, pɩpɩɣ nɛ pɩwɛɛ ɖoŋ kaŋ kaŋ nɛ pʊkʊʊ ɛyaa. Pam pɩɣʊ lɛ, pɩwɛʊ ñɩmɩŋ tɩyɛ nɛ ɛyʊ ñɔʊ-pʊ lɛ, pɩsɔkɩ ɛ-nzʊlʊmɩyɛ yɔɔ cɔcɔ. Nabʊyʊ taa lɛ, pɩpɩɣ mbʊ lɛ, pɩɩtasʊ wɛʊ ɛzɩ naalɩm yɔ ɛlɛ piyeki fadʊdʊ tɩyɛ. Pam pɩɣʊ lɛ, pe-tɛ leleŋ nɛ kanjisi nzi sɩyakɩ kayɩ kayɩ yɔ, piyeki pɩwɛɛ ɛzɩ sʊlʊm mbʊ palakɩna pɔm yɔ.   

Lʊŋgɩyɛ taa pakɩlʊ pam saʊ nɛ pɩkɛna tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ haɖʊ malasɩɣna ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ yɔ. Tɩlɩtʊ naatozo wɛɛ nɛ pasaɣ pam. Kacalaɣ taa lɛ, ɛyʊ pɩzʊ ɛkpa pɔʊ yɔɔ nɛ ɛkʊ pɔɖɛ nɛ ehuyi kɩ-taa pɔʊ pɩmaɣna. Pɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa ɛtʊʊ sʊnzʊyaɣ. Sʊnzʊyaɣ ŋga ɛɖʊ-kɛ pompoɖom nakʊyʊ taa nɛ ɛhɔkɩ pɩcɛyɩ camɩyɛ nɛ pam lɩʊ lɛ, pikpe kɩ-taa.  Pɩtɛ lɛɣtʊ ndʊ, tɩwɛ ɖeu ɛlɛ, pɩkɛna sayʊ kɩcɛyʊ se efemiye taa ɛwɛɛ pɔʊ yɔɔ kpaʊ se ɛlɛɛzɩ pompoɖom mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, efemiye taa litanaa mba palɩʊ yɔ, pɔɖɔʊ. Pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, kɛkpɛdɛsasɩ ɛɛlazʊ wɛʊ nɛ pɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩɩlʊlʊ pɩnzɩ nzɩ sɩ-taa. Nabʊlɛ lɛ, papɩzʊ pakʊ pɔɖɛ nɛ pohuyi pɔŋ ñaszʊñasʊ nɛ posusi ñanzɩ kpɛɛɛ. Kpaagba taa lɛ, pɛkpɛzʊ pɔʊ kpem kɩtɔlɩ nɛ pakʊm-kʊ nɛ kɩ-pɔɖɛ taa nɛ pʊcɔ patʊʊ sɔyɩŋ nɛ pam kpeŋ piidɔɔnaa taa.
Samaɣ aleɣya

Samaɣ aleɣya kɛna aleɣya wena ɛyaa sakɩyɛ  tɔʊna-kʊ yɔ. Aleɣya anɛ afɛyɩ ɛzɩ wena kʊɖʊm ɖeke pɩzʊ ɛtɔ-ɛ yɔ. Kpaɣ ɛyaa naalɛ nɖɛɛ kɛ palakɩ aleya ana. Aleɣya kɛna mbʊ ɛyʊ lakɩ se ɛkʊ alɩwaatʊ yɔ. Paa aleɣya wena awɛna a-paɣtʊ, awɛtʊ nɛ alakasɩ nzɩ lɛlʊ tɩŋgʊna nɛ ɛwa ɛ-taabalʊ yɔ. Aleɣya anɛ a-kawazaɣ kɛlɛ se ɛyʊ leɣyʊ mbʊ nɛ ɛhɛzɩna ɛ-laŋgɩyɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛlaba tʊmɩyɛ nɛ pɩnɩ-ɩ camayɩ yɔ. Pɩkɛna ɖɔɖɔ heelim mʊʊ. 

Pɩsɩŋna ɛyʊ nɛ ɛ-ñʊʊ hɛzɩna lɩmaɣza naayɛ. Pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ pɩsɩŋna-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ ɛ-ñʊʊ taa ɖɔŋ lɔŋlɔŋ. Samaɣ aleɣya anɛ awɛ ndɩ nɛ wena palakɩ-ɛ nɛ kɛlɛm kɛlɛmnaa taa yɔ yaa wena alɛ ñɛkɛna tɔmnaɣ taa kpetaɣ ñɩna yɔ. Paa nɛ pɩɩwɛ kaɖɛ pazɩ se ɛyʊ ɛpazɩ ɛɖʊ tʊkaɣ kɛ aleɣya anɛ nɛ tɔmnaɣ taa kpeetaɣ kɔ yɔ. Patɩlʊ samaɣ aleɣya anɛ nɛ wɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ. 
1.	Awɛna a-paɣtʊ. Paɣtʊ ndʊ tʊtʊ ñɛwɛ wɛtʊ caɖɩɩɩ
2.	Mba palakɩ aleɣya ana yɔ, pɩwɛɛ se kpaɣ naalɛ nɛ ŋɖɛɛ. Ɛyʊ kʊɖʊm pɩzʊ eleɣi ɛlɛ ɛsɩʊ aŋcaʊ ɖeɖe; 
3.	Wondu ndɩ ndɩ wɛʊ nɛ tɩ-taa kɔyɔ: tebli nɛ kɩ-salaala, takayɩsɩ kɩkpɩndasɩ nzɩ sɩ-yɔɔ pama tɔm yɔ, ɖɩcaɣyɛ kɩpanɖɛ wɛʊ, kpeŋgbena wena patʊlɩ-ɛ pɔŋ yɔ, piyɔŋ, takayɩsɩ hatʊ, kɩmamaŋ yaa tɔm cɩkasɩ.
Tɛtʊ putuuɖe hadɛ ñɩŋgʊ

Tɛtʊ putuuɖe wɛna hɔɔlɩŋ nɩnza: wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ, hayʊ kiŋ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ. Tɛtʊ putuuɖe hadɛ ñɩŋg kɛna hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩha siɣye nɛ hayʊ ñɩŋgʊ yɔ. Hadɛ kiŋ wɩlʊ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa wɩsɩ siiu. Ɛlɛ pɩkɛ Amerika taa kɔyɔ, pɩkɛna Etazunii taa nɛ hadfɛkiŋ ajɛya yaa ɖɔɖɔ ajɛya wena awɛ tanim sɔsɔm taa yɔ. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ payɔɔdʊ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ tɔm yaa pɩkɛ hɩɖɛ sɔsɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ tɔm ɖɔɖɔ kɔyɔ, papaazʊʊ maɣna abalɩ mayaɣ. Ɛlɛ pɩkɛ yem kɔyɔ, mayaɣ cikpelaɣ kɛ pamaɣna.
Sɩpaanaa tɔʊ

Sɩpaanaa tɔʊ kɛna samaɣ taa aleɣya naayɛ. Takayɩsɩ kɩkpɩndasɩ nasɩyɛ yɔɔ kɛ palɩzʊ aŋjaʊnaa nabɩyɩ yaa palɩzʊ nabʊyʊ yem ɛlɛ pɩwɛna pʊ-tɔbʊʊ. Paa takayaɣ kɩkpɩndaɣ ŋga lɛ, kɛwɛna ñʊʊ ŋgʊ pakɑlʊ-kʊ yɔ. Sɩpaanaa pɩzʊ pɛwɛɛ ɛzɩ 32 yɔ yaa 52 yɔ. pɛwɛ 54 kɔyɔ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se naalɛ wɛ nɛ weyi ɛtɔʊ-wɛ yɔ, ɛzɩma naŋna kɩwakɩ yɔ. Paatɔʊ sɩpaanaa lɛ, pakalʊ ñʊŋ 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 yaa 72. Mba pɔtɔʊ yɔ, kacalaɣ taa lɛ, pɛwɛʊ naalɛ ɛlɛ pakalɩ ñʊŋ 12, naatozo yee pɩkɛ ñʊŋ 18 kɔyɔ, naanza kalʊ ñʊŋ 24, looɖo ñakalɩ ñʊŋ 36, litoozo kalʊ ñʊŋ 48 pʊwɛɛ mbʊ nɛ pɩɖɛʊ. Yee kʊɖʊm ɛtɔʊna kɔyɔ, ɛna weyi ɛɛnaɣ-ɩ yɔ pɔtɔʊna nɛ ɛyaɣ pʊŋdʊ se aŋjaʊ nɛ eemulu-i ɖɔɖɔ. 

Paa takayaɣ kpengbene ŋga lɛ, pama kɔ-yɔ ñʊŋ pɩkpanaɣ kʊɖʊm pɩsɩɩna 10. Mba pakɩla ñʊʊ hiu yɔ, pama pɔ-yɔɔ J Q nɛ K. Tɔʊ taa lɛ K wakɩ Q nɛ mba patatalɩ Q yɔ. sɩpaanaa taa ɖɔɖɔ nɛ hazɩŋ nɛ ɩ-yɔɔ palɩza tɔɔyɩŋ yaa awiya. Sɩpanaa wɛna hɩla ndɩ ndɩ. Pa-taa kɔyɔ: yɛɛtɛ, sɩpaa, kulii nɛ keɖeu. Kɩkpɛdaa wɛ naalɛ: sɩpaa nɛ kulii piyele kɩsɛɛmaa naalɛ ɖɔɖɔ: keɖeu nɛ yɛɛtɛ. Sɩpaanaa nabayɩ wɛɛ lɛ, pama pɔ-yɔɔ pɩɖɛɛ hiu yɔɔ. Sɔsaa nɛ cikpema pɛwɛɛ. Cikpema paɣzʊna ñʊʊ kʊɖʊm pɩsɩɩna looɖo. Sɩpaanaa tɔʊ wɛɛ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩɩna tɔya sɔɔlɩm taa. 

Pʊcɔ papaɣzɩ-wɛɛ tɔʊ lɛ, pofutuu-wɛ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pesidu-wɛ ɖama taa kpɛlɩkpɛlɩ. Weyi efutuu yɔ ɛnʊʊ payaɣ tɛyɩyʊ. Weyi ɛwakɩ lɛɛlʊ yaa lala yɔ, ɛnʊ futuuna. Weyi paɖaɣ ɖʊʊ yɔ, ɛpɩzʊ ɛcɛpɩ-wɛ. Cɛbʊ kɛlɛ se ecozuu nabayɩ nɛ pʊyɔɔ nɛ ɛsɩɩ-wɛ nɛ pɩtɛɛ kiŋ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, futuyu pɩzʊ emuli nɛ ɛsɩɩ sɔsa nɛ pɩtɛɛ se ɛmɩlɩ-wɛ. Lakasɩ nzɩ kɛ payaɣ se akpama. Nɛ nɔɔyʊ ɛlaba akpama nɛ pakpa-ɩ kɔyɔ, paapɩzʊ pɛkpɛ-ɩ ñʊŋ cabɩ. Papɩzʊ pɔtɔ sɩpaanaa nɛ liidiye yaa pakalɩ ñʊŋ yem. Hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa mba wakɩ yɔ, pakpakʊ liidiye nɖɩ yaa paɖʊ kpaɣɖɛ.
Léon Tolstoï

Palʊla Léon Tolstoï kɛ kɩyɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 28 ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1828 kɛ Lasɩnayiya, Poliyana tɛtʊ taa, Rusii ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛsɩ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ lʊbɛ wiye pɩnaɣ 1910 kɛ Asɩtrapolo tɛtʊ taa, Rusii ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 82. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ siŋŋŋ kɔyɔ Lev Nikolaïevitch Tolstoï. Ɛkɛna roomamnŋ zʊlɩmɩyɛtaa takayɩsɩ kɩkalasɩ nɛ ɛ-tɛ saaʊla taakayɩsɩ. Ɛma takʊʊ takayɩsɩ sakɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ sɩ-taa lɛ ɛmayaɣ samaɣ ŋga kɛwɛ Rusii kewiyaɣ ɖoŋ tɛɛ yɔ nɛ waɖɛ pɩwɛ se kɛwɛɛna ɖɔɖɔ yɔ. Ɛyɔɔda ɛsɔsɛtʊ aŋgba tɔm ndɩ ndɩ nɛ ɛtʊsʊ mʊndʊsʊ kɛ kɛ ɛsakuliye yɔɔ. 

Ɛma takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ nakɩyɛ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1869 nɛ ɛyaa-kɛ se You nɛ Laŋhɛzɩyɛ Ɛkpaɣ pɩnzɩ hiu nɛ ɛmana-kɛ. Kɛkɛna ɖɔɖɔ ɛ-tɛ roomamnŋ zʊlɩmɩyɛtaa takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ sɔsɔɣa nakayɩ. Ka-taa lɛ, ɛmaba kaŋɖaʊ kɛ caanaʊ taa ɛyaa pɩlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ lakasɩ nɛ pɛwɛtʊ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ (1812) Napoléon sɔɔjana cɔ Rusii kiliŋgili nɛ patayɔ. Tolstoï kɛna takayɩsɩ mayʊ weyi ɛyaa tɩla-ɩ lɔŋ yɔ pɩlɩɩna tyakayɩsɩ nzɩ ɛma ɛmaɣmaɣ ɛ-yɔɔ yɔ. Ɛyɔɔda ɛ-pɩcatʊ tɔm, e-evebitu tɔm nɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛɛkɛ sɔɔja kɛ Sebastopoli, Krime taa yɔ.
Ñamɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩ-taa miŋ ñaɣʊ nɛ pɩtɔʊ

Ñamɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩ-taa miŋ ñaɣʊ nɛ pɩtɔʊ kɛna ñama wena amʊ miŋ nɛ a-taa taŋgayɩ weyi ɛwɛ ɛzɩ sabʊʊ tɩyɛ nɛ ɛcɔʊ hilihili yɔ yaa ɛkpaɣ nɛ etiki yɔ. Ñama ana a-taa nɛ helimaɣ feveku ŋgʊ kɩmʊ miŋ yɔ. 

Pinaɣ 1854 taa kɛ Eugenio Barsanti nɛ Felice Matteucci poluba kacalaɣ ñamɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩ-taa miŋ ñaɣʊ nɛ pɩtɔʊ. Ñamɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩɩwɛna tilimaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ nɛ ŋga cɔwaɣna hilihili nɛ kakpaɣ nɛ ketiki. Pɩnaɣ 1859 taa lɛ, Étienne Lenoir ñolu ñamɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩ-taa miŋ ñaɣʊ nɛ pɩtɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ nabʊlɛ taa yɔ. Pɩlaba pɩnzɩ naatozo lɛ, Beau de Rochas ñolu ñamɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩ-taa miŋ ñaɣʊ nɛ pɩtɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ nanza taa yɔ. Ñamɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ, ndɩ Nikolaus Otto tasa ɖoŋ kpazʊ pɩnaɣ 1867. Ɛzɩ pɔtɔm se nimiye kɩpɩnɖɛ yɔɔ palʊʊ kɩfaɖɛ yɔ, mbʊ pɩwɛɛ nɛ pɩnaɣ 1886 taa Gottlieb Daimler nɛ Wilhelm Maybach paɖaɣnɩ ñamɩyɛ nɖɩ wilu nɛ paɖaɣnɩ-ɖɩ ñɔɔzʊʊ nɛ ɖɩwɛɛ camɩyɛ mana mana. Pɩwayɩ yɔ palɩza ñamɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ kulukulu yɔ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1891 nɛ pɩkɔma pɩmaƒ 1893 lɛ, ñamɩyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Tiyesɛlɩ yɔ, polu ɖɩɖɩ.
 
Ñamɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩ-taa miŋ ñaɣʊ nɛ pɩtɔʊ lubʊ pʊnɛ, pɩsɩna nɛ ɛsɔtaa lɔɔɖa, tataa ñɩna, kpokponaa yaa mɛlɛnaa papɩzʊ peseu. Pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ ñɩɩtʊ ndʊ tɩlakɩ tʊma a-lona taa nɛ ñama ana yɔ, aɖɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ. A-taa kɔyɔ: tɩŋ pilima sɛtʊʊ ñɩɣyɩʊ, ñɩtʊ sɛtʊʊ ñɩŋgʊ, mootinaa yaa ɖɔɖɔ ñɩɣtʊ ndʊ pɩsɛyɩɣna moti nemaa yaa kpacanaa yɔ. Pɩtasɩ pompɩna nɛ nazɩyʊ luɖu ñɩɣyʊ.
Cɩtɔ

Cɩtɔɔ wɛ tam nabʋlɛ taa hayʋ wɛɛ nɛ pɔɔyaɣ ñɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Pɔɔyasɩ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ ɖɔɖɔ. 
 Faɖam pɔɔyaɣ wɛɛ nɛ piyee pɔɔyaɣ ñɛwɛɛ. Piyee naalɛ pɔɔyaɣ wɛɛ nɛ canta pɔɔyaɣ ñɛwɛɛ. Nɩɩnʋwa pɔɔyaɣ wɛɛ nɛ mɩnʋʋ pɔɔyaɣ ñɛwɛɛ. Pʋ-wayɩ lɛ, taŋga pɔɔyaɣ wɛɛ. 
Liidiye kɛna mbʊ Aristote yaɣ se: kɩgaʊ ñɩm kʊɖʊmɩm yɔ; tɔsʊʊ kpou nɛ palakɩna tʋmɩyɛ ndɩ ndɩ tada nʋmɔʋ taa. Ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ alɩwaatʊ ɖɔɖɔ mbʊyɔ, Aristote lɩmazɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ mbʊ ɛlɛ pʊɖʊkʊna hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɛ pazɩ. Palɩza mbʊ pɩtaɣna ñɩɣlɩm pɔɔyasɩ ɖeke yɔ. Ñɩm yaa kobo wɛnaʊ waɖɛ nɖɩ, komina tɩna pi-tikila nɛ liidiye pɩsɩ mbʊ pɩwɛ ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʊ taa yɔ. Ajɛya sakɩyɛ nɩna ɖama nɛ aɖʊ paɣtʊ kʊɖʊmtʊ nɛ atɔkɩ liidiya kʊɖʊma se pɩsa nɛ ayakɩ ɖama wondu nɛ awɛna ñɩm kʊɖʊmɩm. Liidiye kɛna wonu ŋgʊ pakpakʊ nɛ pɛhɛyɩna tʊmɩlaɖa kɛ ɖoli nɛ alɩwaatʊ natʊyʊ taa yɔ. Pɩtɩŋna paɣtʊ yɔɔ lɛ, pɔyɔɔdʊ ɖama nɩnaʊ liidiye kɩkpɛndʊ tɔm. Piyele mbʊ palakɩna-ɖi yɔ lɛ, nabʊyʊ yɔɔ hɛyʊ yaa kɩmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ hɛyʊ. 
 Kobo tʊŋ tʊma sɔsɔna naatozo: ɖama nɩnaʊ liidiye kɩkpɛndʊ tɔm. Cɩnɛ pakpakʊ liidiye nɛ pɛhɛyʊ kɩma yaa pawana cɛyɩtʊ natʊyʊ. Nabʊlɛ taa lɛ kobo kɛna tɔsʊʊ kpou ŋgʊ kɩhaɣ ɛyʊ yaa ɛjaɖɛ kɛ yʊŋ yɔ. Kpaagba taa lɛ, liidiye kɛna ɖama nɩnaʊ ñɩm kpou kʊɖʊmʊʊ, nɛ peeɖe panɩʊna ɖama nɛ palakɩ liidiye akɔntana. Liidiye yʊŋ yaa ɖɩ-wazaɣ lɩɣna lidau ŋgʊ ɖɩ-tɔɔya wɛna ɖɩ-yɔɔ yɔ nɛ ɖoŋ weyi liidiye nɖɩ ɖɩwɛna kɩlɛɛzɩŋ ɖeɖe yɔ. Liidiye wazaɣ wɛ hɔɔlɩŋ sakɩyɛ taa: samaɣ taa, politiki yaa manzʊmalɩ hɔɔlʊ taa, ɛyʊ yʊʊ taa maɣzɩm taa, paɣtʊ lɩzʊ yaa ɖɔɖɔ tɔsʊʊ hʊʊ hɔlɩŋ. Ñam ñam alɩwaatʊ taa yaa alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛyaa ɛɛtasʊ lidaʊ wɛnaʊ kobo nakʊyʊ yɔɔ yɔ, papɩzʊ polu liidiye pɔɔyasɩ nasɩyɛ se pɩwazɩ. 
Liidiya wɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Ɖooo lɛ, pɩɩkɛna pɔɔyasɩ, hasɩ kela yaa lɩm tɛɛ tɛtɛ kpɩna naayɛ ñɩna, kalɩhundu yaa ɖɔɖɔ paaŋ pasakɩ camɩyɛ. Ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ yɔ, ñɩɣtʊ kɛ pakɩlɩɣna liidiye ciŋgbiliŋ kɛ lubunau. Ɛlɛ paɖʊ nɔɔyʊ yaa nabʊyʊ tɛ kɩlɛmʊ kɛ pɔɔyaɣ ŋga kɔyɔɔ. Liidiye hatʊ ñɩnɖɛ ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ yɔ, palɩzʊ aŋjaʊnaa nabayɩ kɛ tɩ-yɔɔ.
Kaaʊ

Kaaʊ kɛna wondu kɩmamanam ndʊ tikpeɣla com nɛ tɩwɛɛ ɖoŋ kaŋkaŋ yɔ. Wondu ndʊ potolubu-tʊ kulubu  ɛlɛ tɩwɛ ilemiye yɔɔ ɖooo kiɖe tɛɛ. Pɩkɛna ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ ndɩu tikpeɣlaa yɔ, kpɛlɩ pɩyɛ tatasɩ nzɩ sɩma com ɖɔɖɔ yɔ. Pɩkɛna ɖɔɖɔ afɩya yaa ahɔya acaza. Nabʊyʊ taa lɛ kaaŋ ɩnʊ ɩlɩɣna tɛtɛɛ kpɩnandʊ ndʊ tɩwɛɛ nɛ tɩwɛ ɖɔɖɩɩɩ yɔ tɩ-taa. Kpɩnandʊ ndʊ, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɛtʊ maɣmaɣ feveku sʊʊtʊ camɩyɛ yɔ, tiyolu nɛ tɩmʊ miŋ nɛ tɩyɔkɩ tɩlɩna awayɩ. Tɛtʊ ñabɩ yɔɔ peeɖe, heɣlim makɩ-tʊ lɛ tiyele tikii nɛ tɩkpa ɖoŋ kaŋkaŋ. Kaaŋ wɛ nabʊlɛ taa: nɩɩyɛ taa lɛ, tomnaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ ɖeke wɛna piyele lɛɛŋ taa lɛ tomnasi pɩzʊ pʊɖɔɔ. Tomnasi nzɩ, sɩ-taa  kɔyɔ: ihosiye nɖi payaɣ-ɖɩ se kalɩkɛɛɖɩ yɔ, lɛɛɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ ɖɩɖɩ se maɖɩbrɩ yɔ, kʊwaɖɩsi, ñɛsɩ, kiɖaniti yaa ɖɔɖɔ pazalɩti. Ɛlɛ kaaŋ pɩlʊ cɔlʊ wɛ kaɖɛ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, paɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ wɛɛ nɛ pʊwɛɛ se patɩŋna tɩ-yɔɔ yaa pañam-tʊ pʊcɔ. Paanɛ mbʊ yɔ, kaaŋ wɛna wɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ ndʊ papɩzʊ patɩŋna tɩ-yɔɔ nɛ patɩlɩ-ɩ yɔ. Kacalaɣ taa lɛ, kaaŋ wɛ ɖoŋ kaŋkaŋ nɛ i-tomnasi malɩna ɖama cɩncɩŋ. Kaaŋ ɩnʊ payaɣ yem se pɛɛ yaa ɛwaɣ. Tomnasi nzɩ sɩ-taa kɔyɔ: maɖɩbrɩ nɛ kɩɖaniti.     
•	Nabʊlɛ lɛ, kaaŋ nɩɩyɛ putuu yem ɛzɩ ewesiye yɔ nɛ ɛyʊ pɩzʊ epuutina ɛ-cɩkpaŋ. Kaaŋ ɩnʊ payaɣ se kpambʊyɩŋ.
•	Kaaŋ nɩɩyɛ ñɛwɛ kɔɖɩɩɩ nɛ payaɣ-ɩ se cʊʊ.
•	Kañɩŋa wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ.
•	Kalɩkɛɖɩ wɛ.
•	Nɩɩyɛ ñololaa yaa ɩkɛnana heɣlimaɣ nɛ nabʊyʊ taa ɩnʊ pakpakʊ palɩkɩna miŋ nɩɩyɛ.
Pɩcalɩmɩyɛ

Pɩcalɩmɩyɛ kɛna kaaʊ ŋgʊ kɩlɩna afɩya acaza taa nɛ ɖɩwɛ ɖoŋ kaŋkaŋ. Ɖɩwɛ cɩŋgɩlɩm nɛ mbʊ pɩpɩzʊ se pipisi-ɖɩ nabʊyʊ taa kɔyɔ lɛ lɩm yaa ɔkɩsɩdi. Pɩcakpalɩmɩyɛ wɛna tomnasi nzɩ nɛ pisidu yɔ pɩlɩna lɩm yaa ɔkɩsidi. Tomnasi nzɩ sisiduna pacalɩmɩyɛ taa nɛ pɩlɛɛzʊ ɖi-tomnaɣ sɛmɩŋ. Pɩcalɩmɩyɛ tɔyaa nɛ ɖɩwɛna tonasi ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩɩna acaza yaa afɩya wena a-taa kɔɔʊ kʊnɛ kɩlɩnaa yɔ. Pɩcalɩmɩyɛ tɔyaa nɛ ɖɩwɛ ihoosiye taa nɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ pɩwɛ toyi toyi ɛzɩ pee yɔ. Pɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa nɛ cʊʊ yɔ. Pɩwɛ ɛzɩ ɖenɖe payaɣ se Nɔɖɩmandi yɔ, 

Sampañɩ, Pikaɖɩdi yaa ɖɔɖɔ tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Pas-de- Kalɛ yɔ. Pɩcalɩmɩyɛ tɔyɩ ɖɔɖɔ pʊʊ sɔsɔɩu ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Hɛlɩfoti yɔ kɩ-taa. Ɖooo caanaʊ taa papaɣza pɩcalɩmɩyɛ tʊmɩyɛ labʊnaʊ. Ŋdɩ polukaɣna miŋ. Pakpakʊ lɛɛɖɛ nɛ pɛsɛyɩna lɛɛɖɛ kɛ ɖoŋ lɛ, mamatʊzasɩ lɩʊ fɩŋ fɩŋ. Mamatʊzasɩ nzɩ, sɩtɔlʊ kpootu yɔɔ lɛ miŋ mʊ. Kpootu ɛfɛyɩ kɔyɔ, pakpakʊ sʊmasɩ hʊndʊ yaa kalɩ hʊndʊ. Polukina pɩcalɩmɩyɛ nɛ wondu ndɩ ndɩ ɛzɩ : hakiŋ, sɩsɩ yaa you wondu. Pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, pɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖi-keɖewa nɛ ka-ñɩlɩzʊ yɔɔ lɛ, pesidu-ɖɩ filikinaa taa nɛ pamaɣna kuduyiŋ. Mbʊ pesida nɛ pamana kuduyu ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Saint-Valery-sur-Somme yɔ.
Suluku kpayaɣ

Suluku kɛna wonu ŋgʊ kɩkpakʊ ɛyaa nɛ kutuluu tadɩyɛ wondu yɔ. Kɩɩɖɔŋ haba yɔɔ ɛzɩ lɔɔɖa yɔ, ɛlɛ kpasɩ yɔɔ kiduu sɩɖɩsɩɖɩ. Suluku wɛna pilima sakɩyɛ nɛ a-taa kɛ paɖʊʊ tadɩyɛ wondu ndɩ ndɩ. Pilima ana a-ɛsɩnda lɛ, mɔɔʊ nakʊyʊ wɛɛ nɛ ŋgʊ hɔŋna-wɛ. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1804 kɛ kacalaɣ suluku kpayaɣ ɖa ɖɔm kɛ Kewiyaɣ kɩkpɛndaɣ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɖenɖe payaɣ se Galɩ yɔ. Pɩɩkɛna suluku kpayaɣ ŋga kalakaɣ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ miŋ feveku yɔ. Weyi payaɣ se Richard  Trevithick yɔ eelubina-kʊ Merthyr Tydfil tɛtʊ taa. Paapɩzɩʊ pasaa suluku kpayaɣ kɛ paale yem. Pɩpɔzʊ se pɩkɛna kpayɩsɩ yɔɔ. Mbʊ yebina n,e payaɣ-kʊ se suluku kpayaɣ. 
Sulukiŋ wɛna huwa naatozo pɩlɩɩna ɩ-tʊma labʊ taa. Nɩɩyɛ ɖɔŋna sɩŋgʊ sɩŋgʊ. Lɛɛŋ ñasɩŋgʊ nɩmayasa sɔsɔna taa nɛ lɛɛŋ lɛ, ɩɩtɩɩsɩŋgʊ ɖoli yee pɩtɛkɛ ɖenɖe ɩwokɩ yɔ kɔƴɔ.
Kpokpo

Kpokpo kɛŋna ñɩɣyʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛna pɔbɔla nalɛ nɛ pasaɣ-kʊ yɔ. Kpokpo wɛna ñamɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩ-yɔɔ kɛ kpokpo ɖoŋ tɩŋa wɛɛ. Ñɩɣyʊ kɩsasaʊ kʊnɛ kɩfɛyɩna kpomu ŋgʊ kɩɩhʊʊzɩ sayʊ yɔɔ yɔ. Weyi ɛsaɣ-kʊ yɔ, pɩnaɣ-ɩ yem kaɣlaa. Kpokpo wɛna ñɩɣyʊ taa ɖɔnɛ ɖaɣlakɩŋ nɛ ɩ-yɔɔ kɛ ɛyʊ pɩzʊ esena-kʊ ɛzɩma ɛsɔɔla yɔ. Pɩnaɣ mɩnɩŋ XIX taa kɛ poluba kpokpo nɛ kɩ-kacalaɣ tʊmɩyɛ kɔyɔ se kiwona ɛyʊ kɛ poliŋ taa ɖoli. Ɛlɛ ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ yɔ, kɩ-tʊma wɛ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩɩna ɛyʊ sɔɔlɩm taa.  

Kpokponaa nabayɩ wɛɛ lɛ, pasaɣ-wɛ nɛ pahayɩsʊna , lɛɛba lɛ, haba sɔsɔna nɛ kɩɖaɣla yɔɔ kɛ pasaɣ-wɛ fuufuu, lalaa yɔ, paale pasaɣ-wɛ, pʊtɔbʊʊ se paa pʊŋ taa yaa kaaŋ ɩwɛ ɛzima kɔyɔ, papɩzʊ pasaa-wɛ, kpokpona lɛɛba lɛ haba sɔsɔna nɛ kɩɖaɣla yɔɔ kɛ pasaɣ-wɛ fuufuu ɛlɛ pɩkɛɣna ɛzɩ tomnaɣ taa hayɩsʊ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ. Kpeɖe naɖɩyɛ wɛ kpokpo yɔɔ nɛ ɖɩ-yɔɔ kɛ sayʊ cakɩ nɛ ɛsɩ ɛ-nɩŋgbanzɩ kɛ naŋgbanzɩ ɖɩsɩyɛ. Ɛcakɩ mbʊ lɛ, nesi kiɖiyinau ñɩɣyʊ nakʊyʊ wɛɛ nɛ ɛɖɔkɩ-kɩ ciŋciŋ. Ñɩɣyʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-yɔɔ nɛ kpinini seu yɔm ñɩɣyʊ wɛ nɛ ɛsɔɔla ɛsɩma yɔ esaɣ nɛ ɛlɛɛzʊ. Sayʊ pɩzʊ ɛkpaɣ nɔɔyʊ kɛ ɛwayɩ yee kpokpo ŋgʊ kɩwɛna wayɩ kpeɖe kɩcaɣyɛ kɔyɔ.

Kpokpo taawɛɛ kabɩyɛ taa ɛlɛ paya-kʊ nɛ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ yɔ, ɖɩlɩna kiwilu yɔɔ. Paɖʊ-kʊ miŋ se pasaɣ-kʊ lɛ, kɩlakɩ « kpokpo kpokpo ». Pʊyɔɔ kɛ paya-kʊ se «kpokpo».

Kpokpo wazaɣ nɛ kɩkʊʊ yebina nɛ kɩwɛɛna kɩlabɩnam ndɩ ndɩ. Pɩkɛdʊ lɛ pakpaɣ-kʊ ɛzɩ kiwokina ɛyʊ ɖoli yɔ yaa ɛzɩ santaɖaʊ ŋgʊ palakɩ ɖama heɣluu nɛ alaɣkataɣ yɔ. Keteŋa kpeekpe sɔɔjana kaasɩma lɔŋ kɛ kpokpona wazaɣ yoŋ taa. Kpokpona yɔɔ pakpakaɣ you wondu natʊyʊ nɛ pɔɖɔŋna sɩʊ sɩʊ hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ.
Lingua Franca Nova

**Lingua Franca Nova** (**Elefen**) kɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔñɔɔzɩ-kʊ se kɩwɛɛ kɛlɛʊ, kɩwɛɛ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ nɛ kɩwɛɛ kɛlɛʊ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ patɩlɩ-kʊ ajɛyɛ kpeekpe taa. Kɩwɛna wazaɣ sakɩyɛ:
# Kɩwɛna hɩla ndɩ ndɩ. Pɩɩwɛ ɛzɩ Itaalii yaa Ɛsɩpaañɩ kʋnʋŋ yɔ.
# Pɔyɔɔdʋʋ-kʋ nɛ nɔɔ taa tɔm. Pɩtɩmʋna se pɩɣa nakɛyɛ ɛkpɛlɩkʋʋ tɔm ndʋ tɩtɩtʋʋzɩ yɔ pɩnzɩ sakɩyɛ.
# Kɩwɛna matʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa tɔm kɛdʊʊ camɩyɛ yɔ, ɛzɩ kreyooli waa yɔ.
# Kɩwɛna tɔbʊʊ nɛ kɩ-taa wɛ ɖoŋ nɛ kɩ-taa wɛ ɖoŋ nɛ kɩ-taa wɛ ɖoŋ nɛ kɩ-taa wɛ ɖoŋ nɛ kɩ-taa wɛ ɖoŋ.
# Kɩwɛnɩ paɣtʋ ndʋ tɩwɩlɩɣ ɛzɩma tɔm pee wɛɛ yɔ.
# Tɔm pee wena a-taa pɔyɔɔdʋʋ kʋnʋŋ ŋgʋ yɔ, a-taa tɔm pee sakɩyɛ wɛ sɔnɔ Romance kʋnʋmɩŋ taa. Kʋnʋmɩŋ ɛnɩ ɩ-taa tɔm wɛ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ tɩwɛnɩ ɖoŋ sakɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ.
# Pama-ɩ se ɛmʊ latɛŋ nɛ krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛɣtʋ kɩfatʊ tɔm, nɛ pɩkɛ kedeŋa kpeekpe kɩlɩm.
# Pama-kʋ se kɩwɛ ɛzɩ "natural" yɔ mba pasɩm Romance kʋnʋmɩŋ yɔ, ɛlɛ pɩtɩcɛyɩ lalaa se pɛkpɛlɩkɩ-kʋ.
Tavrovo

**Tavrovo** kɛna tɛtʋ cikpetu ndʋ tɩwɛ Rɛɛsɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa palakaɣ tʋmɩyɛ nɛ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Tavrovsky tɛtʋ taa. Pɩnzɩ 1990 waa taa lɛ, ɛyaa sakɩyɛ kaawɛ tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa nɛ paɣzɩ-tʋ labʋ. Piyele nɛ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ pɔcɔna nɛ patɩlɩ tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩtɩŋa tɩ-taa. Paha sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Tavrovskaya tɛtʊ taa yɔ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Anatoliy Grigoryevich Achkasov. 
Lɛɛlɛɛyɔ Tavrovo kɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa ɛyaa sakɩyɛ wɛna yɔ. Pɩwɛɛ se ɖɩñɔɔzɩ tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa ɖɩwɛɛ yɔ nɛ ɖɩñɔɔzɩ tɩ-tɩ. Ɛyaa mba pɛwɛ peeɖe yɔ, pɛtɛzɩ ɛzɩ 13,000 yɔ. Tavrovo wɛna tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ wɛɛ yɔ. Pɩtasɩ lɛ, pɛtɛzɩna tʊmɩyɛ labʋ nɛ pɛtɛzɩɣna tʊma wena atɩŋa payɩ yɔ. Paa Tavrovo wɛna size cikpelaɣ yɔ, kɩhaɣ ɛ-tɛtʋ taa ñɩma nɛ ɛ-hɔʋ taa ñɩma waɖɛ sakɩyɛ se pala aleɣya nɛ aleɣya. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ, ɖɩ-taa wɛ musiye, tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ, tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa tɔm kɩlɩ labʋ yɔ, tɩ-taa lɛ hayʊ nɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔʊ, nɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɖɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ ɖɩ-tɛtʋ taa lɛ, ɖɩlakɩ kazandʊ, ɖɩ-tɛtʊ natʊyʊ nɛ ɖɩ-tɛ ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ. 

## Gallery

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## Ñɩɣlɩm
Kokou Agbemadon

**Kokou Solété Agbemadon** kɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ taa politiki laɖʋ weyi ɛlɩna Togo ɛjaɖɛ taa samaɣ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se *Rassemblement du peuple togolais (RPT)* yɔ ɖɩ-taa yɔ. Palʋla-ɩ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 23 pɩnaɣ 1951 kɛ Loma tɛtʋ taa Togo ɛjaɖɛ taa.

## Wezuu caɣʋ tɔm
Agbemadon kɛŋna lɩm ɖʋyaa, ɖoŋ ñɩnɩyaa nɛ lɩm yɔɔ ɖɔm yɔɔ tʋmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkɩyʋ kpaɣ mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 20 pɩnaɣ 2005 nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 2006 salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 20 alɩwaatʋ ndʋ pacalɩ-ɩ tʋmɩyɛ yɔ.

Ɛkɛ kajalaɣ tʋ weyi ɛ-tɔm paɣtʋ lɩzɩyaa lɩza-ɩ se ɛkɛ RPT ŋgbɛyɛ taa tʋma laɖʋ Yoto egeetiye taa kɛ pɩnaɣ 2007 aloma fenaɣ taa, ɛlɛ Yoto tɛtʋ taa ñʋʋtʋnaa naadozo panɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛ-tɔm yɔɔdʋʋ kɛna ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se *Comité d'action pour le renouvellement (CAR)* yɔ.

Agbemadon kɛna RPT ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa palɩzɩ-ɩ Yoto egeetiye taa kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ alɩwaatʋ taa kɛ pɩnaɣ 2006 taa.

Catégorie :Politiki laɖaa
Joseph Keke

**Joseph Adjignon Keke** kɛna Benɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa politiki laɖʋ. Palʋla-ɩ pɩnaɣ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 5 pɩnaɣ 1927 nɛ ɛsɩ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 1 pɩnaɣ 2017.

## Wezuu caɣʋ tɔm
Palʋla Joseph Adjignon Keke kɛ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 5 pɩnaɣ 1927 Avrankouin ɛjaɖɛ taa Benɛɛnɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Jacques Danka Longa

**Jacques Danka Longa** kɛŋna katolika ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɛsɔ sɔsɔ naatozo ñɩnʋ nɛ ɛ-ñʋʋ taa lɛ, ɛkɛ katolika ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɛsɔ sɔsɔ kɛ Kara, Togo ɛjaɖɛ taa. Palʋla-ɩ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 26 n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1961.

Palʋla-ɩ Sokodé tɛtʋ taa nɛ ɛkpɛlɩkɩ fiziki Lomé sukuli kɩtɛzʋʋ taa nɛ pʋcɔ nɛ ɛsʋʋ Saint-Gall de Ouidah sukuli kɩtɛkɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ taa, Bénin ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛmʋ sukuli kɩtɛnazɩ sukuli kɩtɛŋ sukuli kɩtɛaŋ sukuli kɩtɛrzʋʋ tɛ tɔm. Pʋkɔma ɛ-tɛ ɛsɔ sɛtʋ tʋmɩyɛ taa kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 25 pɩnaɣ 1992 lɛ, paha-ɩ waɖɛ se ɛkɛ ɛsɔ sɛtʋ tʋmɩyɛ tʋ nɛ ɛtɛ ɛkɛ wɩlɩyʋ Séminaire interdiocésain Saint-Paul de Notsé taa Kpalimé Diocèse taa. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, ɛpaɣzɩ ɛ-lɩmaɣza Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ yɔɔ kpɛlɩkʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ Roma Papee tɛtʋ taa sukuli kɩtɛzʋʋ taa nɛ ɛɖaɣnɩɣlɩ-kɛ tɔm susuu taa. Pɩnaɣ 2003 taa palɩzɩ-ɩ se ɛkɛ tɔm susuu tʋmɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Grand séminaire interdiocésain Jean-Paul II yɔ ɖɩ-yɔɔ.

Palɩzɩ-ɩ nɛ palɩzɩ-ɩ pɩnaɣ 2008 taa nɛ ɛpɩsɩ-ɩ ɛsɔfʋ sɔsɔ nɛ pɩnaɣ 2009 taa lɛ, ɛ-cɔzɔ Ignace Baguibassa Sambar-Talkena ɛlɩ ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ taa.
Ignace Baguibassa Sambar-Talkena

**Ignace Baguibassa Sambar-Talkena**, palʋla-ɩ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 31 mars 1935 pɩnaɣ 1935 Baga nɛ ɛsɩna aloma fenaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 3 pɩnaɣ 2013 Lomé, ɛkɛ Togoo Katooliki Prelat, ɛkɛna Kaara ɛsɔfɩyʋ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1996 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩnɩ pɩnaɣ 2009.

## Ɛ-tɔm kɩlɩzɩtʋ
Ignace Baguibassa Sambar-Talkena kɛ cɔjɔ pɩnaɣ 1963.

Jean-Paul II lɩzɩ-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1996 aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 30 wiye se ɛkɛ Kara ɛsɔfʋ nɛ ɛcɛlɩ-ɩ ɛ-tɩ Room tɛtʋ taa kɛ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 6 ñɩŋgʋ wiye.

Ɛkpaɣ ɛ-tɩ nɛ ɛɖɛɛ tʋmɩyɛ pɩnaɣ 2009 janvier tɛtʋ taa.
Ernest Patili Assi

**Ernest Patili Assi** (pɩnzɩ 12 pɩnaɣ 1936 nɛ sɩŋna 16 fenasɩ aloma fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 1996), ɛkɛ Katoolika cooci kajalaɣ tʋ. Palɩzɩ-ɩ sɔjɔtʋ 28
juin 1964 wiye nɛ palɩzɩ-ɩ ɛsɔfʋtʋ 15 octobre 1994 wiye. Ɛlɛ ɛsɩba fenasɩ 18 wayɩ.

Palʋla-ɩ Bohou kantɔɔ taa nɛ ɛyɔɔdɩɣ Kabie nɛ Fransɩɩ.

## Tɩŋnɩnɩ kɩ-yɔɔ nɛ ŋna
Vincent Bossou

**Vincent Bossou** (pɩlaɣ 7 février 1986) kɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa pʋtʋnaa ñʋʋ tʋ yɔ.

## Tʋmɩyɛ
Palʋla-ɩ Kara, Togo ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ Maranatha F.C. taa
nɛ ɛkɔɔ nɛ ɛtɛzɩ ɛ-tɛtʋ taa kɛ 15 janvier 2010 kɛ Étoile Sportive du Sahel tɛtʋ taa nɛ ɛ-tɛtʋ taa kɛ ɛ-tɛŋga pɩnaɣ naalɛ. Ɛ-tɛŋga wɛna fenaɣ naadozo nɛ ɛ-tɛŋga lɛ, ɛ-tɛtʋ taa ɛ-tɛtɛŋga lɛɣzɩna nɛ
ɛɖaɣnɩɣna-kɛ ɖʋʋ nɛ ɛɖaɣna-kʋ nɛ ɛɖaʋna-kɛ nɛ ɛɖaʋna-kɛ pɩnaɣ 2010 n̄ɩŋga wiye.

Pɩnaɣ 2011 taa ɛkʋyɩ nɛ ewolo Vietnam nɛ ɛ-tɛ Navibank Saigon FC.

Pɩnaɣ 2019 taa ɛkʋyɩna Pattani, Taayilandi ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛɖʋ nesi Pattani FC.

## Ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe taa ɛyʋ waɖɛ
Bossou kɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ taa mba tɛtʋ taa pɩnaɣ 2010 Afrika ajɛya
kpɛlɛkʋʋ taa. Ɛtɩŋna Togo ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʋ taa tɛtʋ yɔɔ tɛtʋ yɔɔ.
Barthélémy Attisso

**Barthélémy Attisso** (1945 -  29 Agoza fenaɣ 2021) kɛ Togo tʋ weyi ɛkpɛlɛkɩ ɛ-tɩ nɛ ɛkpɛlɛkɩ kitarɩ yɔ. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ sɛwa siŋŋ kɛ ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɛlaba nɛ Senegaalɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ Pan-Afrique hɔɔlʋʋ taa kɛ Orchestra Baobab yɔ.

## Ɛ-sɩm wayɩ tɔm
Palʋla Attisso pɩnaɣ 1944 yaa 1945 taa nɛ ɛɖɛɛ Dakar pɩnaɣ 1966 taa se ɛkpɛlɛkɩ tɔm kɛ Dakar sukuli sɔsɔʋ taa.

Ɛpaɣzɩ kitara mabʋ se ehiɣ liidiye, nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ ɖɔɖɔ hola aleɣya nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ ɖɔɖɔ minziiki wondu lɩzʋʋ. Pɩkɔma pɩnzɩ 1970 taa lɛ, ɛsʋ Orchestre Baobab taa nɛ ɛkɔɔ ɛɖʋ nɔɔ nɛ ɛɖɛna-wɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ pɩnzɩ 1980 taa. Pɩnaɣ 1987 taa lɛ, pɛtɛzɩ ɖama yaʋ nɛ Attisso pɩsɩ Togo nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ. minziiki mabʋ nɛ ɛ nɛ Orchestre Baobab pɛkpɛndaa nɛ palakɩ minziiki ɖɔɖɔ.

Attisso sɩbɩna COVID-19 pɩnaɣ 2021 taa, alɩwaatʋ ndʋ kʋdɔŋ ŋgʋ kɩwɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ,
ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 76.
Djimon Gaston Hounsou

Ɖajaa **Djimon Gaston Hounsou** kɛna Amerika ɛjaɖɛ taa filim laɖʋ nɛ tɔm susuu laɖʋ weyi ɛlɩna Benɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ. Palʋla-ɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 24 n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1964. Ɛkɛ filim laɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ, Hounsou lɩza-ɩ kɩhɛyʋʋ naalɛ ŋgʋ payaɣ se *Academy Awards* yɔ kɩ-taa.
Ɛkɛ filim laɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ, Hounsou lɩza-ɩ kɩhɛyʋʋ naalɛ ŋgʋ payaɣ se *Academy Awards* yɔ kɩ-taa. 
Ɛkʋyɩ nɛ ewolo Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa pɩnaɣ 1990 taa. Ɛlaba filim waa mba *Univers cinématographique Marvel* labɩna-wɛ yɔ, ɛlaba Korath kɛ *Les Gardiens de la Galaxie* nɛ *Capitaine Marvel* taa. Pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɛlaba filim waa mba *Univers cinématographique DC* lɩzaa yɔ, ɛlaba *Sir Ricou* kɛ *Aquaman* taa, nɛ Shazam kɛ *Shazam!* taa.
## Filimwaa hɩla
* *Beverly Hills, 90210* (1990)
* *Without You I’m Nothing* (1991)
* *The Small Hours* (1997)
* *Amistad* (1997)
* *The Middle Passage* (2000)
* *The Middle Passage* (2000)
* *Ill Gotten Gains* (1997)
* *Gladiador* (2000)
* *The Middle Passage* (2000)
* *The Tag* (2001)
* *Dead Weight* (2002)
* *Heroes* (2002)
* *Lara Croft Tomb Raider: The Cradle of Life* (2003)
* *Constantine* (2005)
* *Beauty Shop* (2005)
* *The Island* (2005)
* *Blood Diamond* (2006)
* *Eragon* (2006)
* *Push* (2009)
* *Guardians of the Galaxy* (2014)
* *Furious 7* (2015)
* *The Vatican Tapes* (2015)
* The Legend of Tarzan* (2016)
* *King Arthur: Legend of the Sword* (2017)
* *Aquaman* (2018)
* *Captain Marvel* (2019)
* *Captain Marvel* (2019)
* *Shazam!* (2019)
**Charlie's Angels* (2019)
**A Quiet Place Part II* (2021)
**Blazing Samurai* (2022)
**Black Adam'' (2023)
HEC Paris

HEC Paris (HEC School of Management), Erɔpu kalansobaw min bɛ kalan kɛ kalanso kɔfɛ jago dɔnniya siratigɛ la. A ka kàlanso duuru bɛ ​​yen, Paarii, Jouy-en-Josas ani Doha.

San 2015, HEC tun bɛ Erɔpu jagokɛla kalanso 2 la minnu bɛ sanfɛ, Financial Times fɛ. O baarada in ka Executive MBA porogaramu bɛ jɔyɔrɔ 3nan na.

Lakɔli in ka porogaramuw bɛ se ka kɛ saba ye AMBA, EQUIS ani AACSB fɛ. O baarada in ka kalanden minnu lakodɔnnen don kosɛbɛ, olu ye mɔgɔ dɔw ye i n’a fɔ Francisco Ignacio Madero (Mɛkisiki politikikɛla), Roland Garros (France piloti), Édith Cresson (France politikikɛla), Dominique Strauss-Kahn (France sɔrɔko dɔnbaga, sariyatigi ani politikikɛla) ani François Hollande (France san 24 . jamakuntigi).

Alumni tɔn min tɔgɔ ye ko HEC Alumni, o ye diɲɛ kɔnɔ sosiyete kɔrɔw dɔ ye. Sɛtanburukalo tile 15 san 2020, Lakɔliso ye hakililata ɲininikɛyɔrɔ Hi! PARIS.
Abbas Bonfoh

**El-Hadj Abbas Bonfoh** kɛ politiki laɖʋ Togo ɛjaɖɛ taa. Palʋla-ɩ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 23 pɩnaɣ 1948 Kabou tɛtʋ taa, kɛ Bassar tɛtʋ taa nɛ ɛsɩ salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 30 pɩnaɣ 2021. Ɛɛkɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋ tʋ, ɛ-tɛ alɩwaatʋ taa ɛɛwɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋ tʋ kpaɣ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 25 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 4 pɩnaɣ 2005 alɩwaatʋ taa. Ɛkɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋ tʋ ɛzɩ paɣtʋ taa lɛ. Bonfoh kɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ taa kewiyaɣ ñʋʋ tʋ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 2005 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 2013. Bonfoh kɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ n̄ʋʋdʋ kajalaɣ tʋ weyi ɛkɛ Moyisilim tʋ yɔ.

## Ɛ-sɩm yɔɔ tɔm
### Ɛ-pɩjatʋ nɛ sukuli
Ɖajaa Abbas Bonfoh paɣzɩ ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ kɛ aleɣya labʋ taa lɛ, ɛlaba pɩnzɩ naatozo sukuli kɛ Côte d'Ivoire ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛpɩsɩ Togo lɛ, ɛpaɣzɩ sukuli kɩtɛzʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩwɛ Kodjoviakopé tɛtʋ taa yɔ nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ peeɖe pɩnzɩ naalɛ. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, paha-ɩ waɖɛ se ewolo sukuli kɩtɛzʋʋ ŋgʋ payaɣ-kʋ se Institut national de l'administration scolaire et universitaire (INAS) yɔ kɩ-taa Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛkpɛlɛkɩ sukuli kɩtɛzʋʋ ŋgʋ payaɣ-kʋ se "administration scolaire et universitaire". Ɛpɩsɩ Togo taa pɩnzɩ naalɛ wayɩ lɛ, pakpa-ɩ se ɛla tʋmɩyɛ sukuli ñɔɔzʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ nɛ ɛkɛ tɛtʋ ñɔɔzʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ ñʋʋ tʋ kɛ Kpalimé. Bonfoh pɩsɩ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛkpɛlɛkɩ ɛ-tɩ nɛ pɩla fenasɩ nakʋ pʋcɔ nɛ ɛɖaɣnɩ pɩsʋʋ ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ taa ɛzɩ egeetiye ñʋʋ tʋ ñʋʋ tʋ yɔ, ɛlɛ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa lɛ, ɛɛwɛ Kara.

### Politiki tʋmɩyɛ
Ɛwɛna ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ kɛ Kara tɛtʋ taa tɛtʋ ñʋʋ tʋ nɔmɔʋ taa lɛ, ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ kaawɛ ɛzɩ RPT ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɛyʋ yɔ, ɛɛwɛɣ politiki ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɛzɩ nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʋ yɔ. Ɛkɛ ɛyʋ weyi ɛ-taa wɛ leleŋ nɛ ɛ-taa wɛ leleŋ yɔ, ɛ-tɛtʋ taa mba pɔpɔzɩ-ɩ se ɛkɔɔ nɛ ɛlɩzɩ ɛ-tɩ se ɛkɛ paɣtʋ lɩzɩyaa ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɛyʋ. Mbʋ ɛlaba nɛ ɛ-taa wɛ leleŋ se palɩzɩ-ɩ se ɛkɛ RPT ŋgbɛyɛ taa tʋ yɔ, ɛlɛ samaɣ kizi-i. Pɩnaɣ 1999 taa palɩza-ɩ se ɛkɛ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ. Pɩnaɣ 2002 taa lɛ, palɩza-ɩ se ɛkɛ ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ, ɛlɛ Fambaré Ouattara Natchaba ñɛkɛ ñʋʋdʋ. Ɖajaa Gnassingbé Eyadema sɩba ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ kagbaanzɩ ñɩŋgʋ wiye pɩnaɣ 2005 taa lɛ, paɣtʋ lɩzɩyaa kpaɣ Natchaba se ɛkɛ ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋtʋ. Togo sɔɔjanaa ñʋndɩnaa ñʋʋdʋ lɩzɩ Gnassingbé Faure, Togo ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ kɩbɩnʋ pɩyalʋ se ɛkɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ. Natchaba lɩnɩ Eerɔpʋ nɛ ɛpɩsɩ lɛ, pakpaɣ ɛ-kpɩyʋʋ nɛ pɛlɛɣzɩ-kʋ nʋmɔʋ nɛ powoni-kʋ Benin ɛjaɖɛ taa. Paɖɩɣ Togo nɛ kɩ-hadɛ kiŋ nɛ pʋyɔɔ lɛ, Natchaba ɛɛpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɛyɔɔdɩ se ɛwɛnɩ waɖɛ se ɛla ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ. Pʋyɔɔ yɔ, paɣtʋ lɩzɩyaa tʋmɩyɛ taa lɛ, ɛyʋ ɛnʋ ɛ-tɔm wɛ ndɩ nɛ paɣtʋ lɛɛzɩtʋ tʋmɩyɛ taa lɛ, ɛ-tɔm wɛ ndɩ. Pɩwɛɛ se ɛ-caa ɛtɛ ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-labʋ. ECOWAS, Erɔpʋ ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ, Afrɩka ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ nɛ ONU pañɩɣ Faure Gnassingbé yɔɔ se ɛtaatasɩ wɛʋ kewiyaɣ taa pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋ tʋ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩɖɛwa yɔ tɩ-taa lɛ, ɛlɩɩ ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ taa ɛzɩ ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋ tʋ yɔ kɛ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 25 pɩnaɣ 2005. Ɖajaa Bonfoh kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ, ɛlɛ ɛtɛzɩna ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ weyi ɛcɔŋna kewiyaɣ yɔɔ yɔ. Ɛwɛ kewiyaɣ ŋ́ga ka-taa pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna kɔlaɣ fenaɣ 24 pɩnaɣ 2005 ñɩŋa taa. CENI lɩza ñʋʋtʋ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ lɛ, pɔtɔ se Faure Gnassingbékɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋ tʋ kɛ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʋ naanza wiye nɛ Bonfoh pɩsɩ ñʋʋ tʋ. Bonfoh kɛ Togo samaɣ kpeɣluu (RPT) ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩpɩsɩ Togo ɛjaɖɛ ŋgbɛyɛ (UNIR) yɔ ɖɩ-taa tʋ.
Emmanuel Bodjollé

Ɖajaa **Emmanuel Bodjollé** kɛ Togo sɔɔja nɛ ɛjaɖɛ n̄ʋʋ tʋ. Ɛnʋ kaakɛna kewiyaɣ ñʋʋdʋ weyi ɛpɩsa ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ Sylvanus Olympio kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 13 pɩnaɣ 1963 yɔ. Palʋla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1928 taa. 

## Ɛ-sɩm yɔɔ tɔm
Bodjollé kɛna sɔɔja sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ kɛ Togo sɔɔjanaa taa,
ɛɛkɛ sɔɔjanaa 300 waa mba palɩzɩ-wɛ Togo sɔɔjanaa taa yɔ, pa-taa lɛlʋ. Ɛnʋ kaakɛna sɔɔja sɔsɔ weyi ɛ- ɛ nɛ sɔɔjanaa lalaa mba paakɛ sɔɔjanaa cikpema yɔ,  pakpa-ɩ nɛ pakpa Olympios komina ñʋndɩnaa. Ɖajaa Olympio kʋyɩ Togo ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ lɛ,sɔɔja sɔsɔ Etienne Eyadéma,weyi pʋwayɩ payaɣ-ɩ se Gnassingbé Eyadéma nɛ pʋwayɩ lɛ ɛpɩsɩ Togo ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ yɔ,ɛkʋ-ɩ Amerika ɛjaɖɛ taa ambasada nɔnɔɔ taa.Bodjollé lɩ kewiyaɣ taa nɛ Nicolas Grunitzky pɩsɩ Togo ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ.pɩsɩ Togo ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ. Ɛcalɩ tʋmɩyɛ labʋ Fransɩ sɔɔjanaa taa. Kofi Yamgnane tɔŋ se ɛnʋ labɩna nɛ pakʋ Sylvanus Olympio.
John Dramani Mahama

Ɖajaa **John Dramani Mahama** kɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛtʋ taa tʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛkɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa politiki ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se National Democratic Congress (NDC) yɔ ɖɩ-taa tʋ. Ɛɛkɛ Kana ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ kpaɣ salaŋ fenaɣ 24 pɩnaɣ 2012 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna kɔlaɣ fenaɣ 7 pɩnaɣ 2017. Palʋla-ɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 29 n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1958 taa, Damongo tɛtʋ taa. 

## Ɛ-sɩm yɔɔ tɔm
Ɛɛkɛ ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋ tʋ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1997 taa, ɛnʋ kɛŋna Ñʋʋtʋ Jerry Rawlings tɛ tɔm yɔɔ kandɩyʋ (1998-2001) nɛ palɩzɩ-ɩ se ɛkɛ ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋtʋ kɩfalɣ kɛ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakɣ 28 pɩnaɣ 2008 nɛ John Atta Mills. Ɛpaɣzɩ ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ 7 janvier 2009.

Ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 24 n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2012 taa lɛ, ɛlɛɣzɩ ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ yɔɔ cɔnɩyʋ sɔsɔ John Atta Mills weyi ɛsɩba pɩnzɩ 68 taa, kʋdɔŋ sɔsɔʋ nakʋyʋ nɩʋ wayɩ yɔ, ɖajaa sɔsɔ Georgina Wood, weyi ɛkɛ tɔm hʋʋ kʋjɔŋ sɔsɔʋ taa tɔm yɔɔ cɔnɩyʋ yɔ, ɛ-cɔlɔ tɔm ndʋ tɩlaba. Ɖajaa John Mahama kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ n̄ʋʋdʋ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna kɔlaɣ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 2012 taa. Palɩza-ɩ se ɛkɛ ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 7 wiye pɩnaɣ 2012 nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 7 wiye pɩnaɣ 2013 paa mbʋ yɔ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ kaɖɩnɩ-ɩ.

Ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 29 n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2013 n̄ɩŋga taa lɛ, Kana ɛjaɖɛ tɔm hʋyaa sɔsaa lɩzɩ John Dramani Mahama se ɛkɛ ɛjaɖɛ n̄ʋʋdʋ, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, palɩza-ɩ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 7 n̄ɩŋgʋ nɛ kɩyakʋ 8 n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2012 n̄ɩŋga taa. Kʋñɔmɩŋ weyi Nana Akufo-Addo, weyi ɛ-tɛtʋ taa ñɩma kaɖɩɣ-ɩ yɔ, ɛlʋba nɛ ɛpɩzɩ nɛ ɛkpaɣ tɔm ndʋ nɛ ewoni-tʋ tɔm hʋyaa sɔsaa cɔlɔ yɔ, ɩ-taa nɩɩyɩ lɛ mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩñɩnɩɣ se ɖɩpɩsɩ Afrika Hadɛ Kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa demokrasi wɛɛ yɔ. Pɩkɔma nɛ pɩtɛ lɛ, ɛ-tɛ elekuya wena palaba lakɩŋ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 2016 taa yɔ a-taa lɛ, ɛlɩɩ ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ taa nɛ ewolo ɛ-caa kɩfalʋ, Nana Akufo-Addo, paɣtʋ ɖʋʋ sɔnzɩ taa. Ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 14 pɩnaɣ 2023, John Mahama tisi ɛ-tɩ yɔɔ kɛ NDC ŋgbɛyɛ taa se ɛkɛɣ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛ politiki ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se National Democratic Congress yɔ ɖɩ-n̄ʋʋdʋ nɛ ɛkaɣ kandɩyʋʋ pɩnaɣ 2024 taa.

## Ɛ-ɛyʋtʋ taa tɔm
Ɛpɩsɩ Pantekoti tʋ nɛ ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Assemblées de Dieu yɔ ɖɩ-taa pɩnaɣ 2001 taa.
Guosa

**Guosa** kʊnʊŋ kɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa pɔyɔɔdɩɣ kʊnʊmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ yɔ nɛ Alex Igbineweka lɩzɩ-kʊ pɩnaɣ 1965. Palɩzɩ kʋnʋŋ ŋgʋ se kɩkɛ Naijeriya kʋnʋmɩŋ weyi pɔyɔɔdʋʋ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa yɔ ɩ-taa kʋnʋmɩŋ nɛ kɩkɛ kʋnʋmɩŋ weyi pɔyɔɔdʋʋ Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ taa yɔ ɩ-taa kʋnʋmɩŋ.

Kɩwɛna wɛtʋ ndɩ ndɩ tʋnɛ:
* Pɩkɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa pɔyɔɔdɩɣ tɔm nɛ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ-tʊ nɛ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ-tʊ nɛ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ-tʊ nɛ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ-tʊ nɛ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ-tʊ.
* Takayaɣ nakɛyɛ fɛyɩ.
* Pɩfɛyɩna tɩlɩtʋ natʋyʋ se ɛyʋ wɛna wɛtʋ ndʋ yaa ɛfɛyɩna wɛtʋ ndʋ.
* Pɔyɔɔdʋʋ kʋnʋmɩŋ sakɩyɛ taa tɔm lɛ, pamaɣ-tʋ nɛ tɔm pee cikpena wena awɛ tɔm pee wena a-taa pañɩɣ niye yɔ.
* Tɔm piye nɖɩ ɖɩ-wayɩ lɛ tɔm piye nɖɩ ɖɩ-hɩɖɛ.
* Guosa kɛ tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa pɔyɔɔdɩɣ tɔm yɔ.
Nii Amaa Ollennu

**Nii Amaa Ollennu** kɛna Kana ɛjaɖɛ taa politiki laɖʋ. Ɛɛkɛ Kana ɛjaɖɛ taa paɣtʋ lɩzɩyaa ŋgbɛyɛ ñʋʋ tʋ kpaɣ lakɩŋ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1969 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna kɔlaɣ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1972  nɛ ɛnʋ ɖɔɖɔ kɛŋna Kana ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋ  tʋ alɩwaatʋ taa kɛ agoza fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1970  kɛ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋ tʋ kpelaɣ taa.  Palʋla-ɩ mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 21 pɩnaɣ 1906 kɛ Accra,  Côte-de-l'Or tɛtʋ taa nɛ ɛsɩ lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 22 pɩnaɣ 1986.  

## Paɣtʋ lɩzɩyʋ
Nii Amaa Ollennu kaakɛna tɔm hʋyʋ kɛ Cote d'Or  tɛtʋ taa kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1940 alɩwaatʋ taa.  Ɛpɩsɩ tɔm hʋyʋ nɛ ɛma takayɩsɩ ndɩ ndɩ tɔm hʋʋ hɔɔlɩŋ taa.  Ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ lɛ tɛtʋ yɔɔ paɣtʋ. Ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se Alliance mondiale des Églises réformées yɔ ɖɩ-taa tʋ.  

## Ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ politiki tɔm
Nii Amaa Ollennu kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛ  politiki ŋgbɛyɛ cikpeɖe nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa palakaɣ politiki  tʋmɩyɛ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ Côte-de-l'Or hiɣ tɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʋ yɔ ɖɩ-ñʋʋdʋ.  Ɖooo lɛ, Kana ɛjaɖɛ taa ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se  United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC) yɔ,  ɖɩpɩsɩ samaɣ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se  Convention du Peuple (CPP) yɔ, pɩlɩna Kwame Nkrumah yɔɔ. Peeɖe you paɣzɩ Ollennu nɛ Joseph Boakye Danquah,  weyi ɛɛkɛ UGCC ŋgbɛyɛ ñʋʋ tʋ yɔ pɛ-hɛkʋ taa. Ollennu yebi politiki nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ  tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se tɔm hʋyaa tʋmɩyɛ yɔ. 

Ollennu yebi politiki nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ tʋmɩyɛ  nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se tɔm hʋyaa tʋmɩyɛ yɔ. 

## Ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ
Agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 7 pɩnaɣ 1970 taa lɛ,  Ollennu kpaɣ General Akwasi Afrifa ɛzɩ  ɛnʋ kɛna ñʋʋ tʋ ñʋʋ tʋ kpɛlɛkʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ taa. Ɛ-tɛ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa lɛ, sɔɔjanaa kewiyaɣ ŋga kaawɛ peeɖe kpaɣna aloma fenaɣ 24 pɩnaɣ 1966 yɔ, katɛma.

## Ɛ-hɔʋ
Ɛ-pɛlɛ Amerley Ollennu Awua-Asamoa,  palʋla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1956 nɛ palʋla-ɩ se ɛkɛ ɛ-tɛ  wiyaʋ sɔsɔ kɛ Danemarkɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa  nɛ ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛ-tɛ wiyaʋ sɔsɔ Suwiisi, Fɛɛlandɩ nɛ Isilandɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa pɩnaɣ 2017. Ɛwɛna piya lɛɛsɩ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ nesi ɖɔkʋʋ ndɩ ndɩ taa.
Zouréhatou Kassah-Traoré

**Zourehatou Kassah-Traoré**, palʋla-ɩ se Tcha-Kondo kɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ taa politiki tʋ.

## Ɛ-sɩm yɔɔ tɔm
### Ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ labʋ taa
Ɖajaa Zourehatou Kassah-Traoré kɛŋna pɩnzɩ cabɩ Nɔɔɖɛyaa Ɛgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se Direction Nationale du Contrôle des Marchés Publiques (DNCMP) yɔ ɖɩ-ñʋʋdʋ.

Ɖajaa Zourehatou Kassah-Traoré kɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋtʋ kɛ pɩnaɣ 2018 taa. Palɩzɩ-ɩ komina tʋmɩyɛ taa kɛ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 5 wiye pɩnaɣ 2019 kɛ minisi weyi ɛcɔŋna tʋma sɔsɔna yɔɔ yɔ. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2019 aloma fenaɣ taa lɛ, palɩza-ɩ nɛ pɛlɛɣzɩ-ɩ nɛ Adjaratou Abdoulaye.

## Takayɩhatʋ ndʋ tɩwɛ pɩ-tɛɛ yɔ