open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Kpandɩ kolokolo

Kpandɩ kolokolo kɛna cɩmʊ wonuu kɩmabʋʋ nakʊyʊ. Palaba kʋ nɛ kpoŋgbolona hɔɔlasɩ. Cɩmʊ kɩmabʋ kʋnɛ, pamakɩ kʋʋ paa kedeŋa hɔɔlʋʋ ŋgʋ lɛ kɩ-taa. Ɛlɛ, pɩtɛkɛ paa alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tʋ-yɔɔ yem. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ paɖʋ tʋ nɛ tɩɩwɛ yɔ tɩ-yɔ pamakɩ-kʋ ajɛɛ hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnɩ ɛ-taa. 

Kpandɩ kolokolo waa mabʋ taa lɛ, papɩzɩɣ pɔsɔzɩ tilitu ndɩ ndɩ, pɩlɩɩna Afrika kedeŋa wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ taa kiŋ ɖoŋgaɣ mabɩtʋ taa, nɛ pɩtasɩna Amerika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ tɛ marimba bantu mabɩtʋ taa ɖɔɖɔ. Mabʋtʋ caɣyɛ wɛ ɖoŋ ɖoŋ. Pamakɩ-kʊ nɛ ɖaŋ yaa nesi yem.

Soo sɔnzɩ ɛzɩ-ɩ mʋsɩ ɖɩ-laɖɛ ɖeɖe taa lɛ, cɩmʊ kʋnɛ, ɛyaa naalɛ makɩna-kʋ ɛzɩ Ugandaa samaɣ makʋʊ amadinda yɔ. Tuuɖe taa lɛ, kpandɩ kolokolo waa mabʋ tɛ wilitu wɛ ndɩ ndɩ kpatɩya tɩyɛ. Nɔɔ wiliŋ kagbaanzɩ tɛ wɛ, ɛpɩtatoniiki tɛ wilu n̄ɛwɛɛ, nɛ pɩtasɩna diatoniki tɛ wilitu. Wilitu ndɩ ndɩ tʋnɛ, tɩwɛ samaɣ soo taa pɩkpaʋnɛ pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ XIX taa yɔ.
Kpɩtaʊ

Kpɩtaʊ kɛna alɩwaatʊ taa alɩwaayʊʊ nakʊyʊ nɛ kɩkɩla evemiye kɛ ɖaalʊʊ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se yee ñɩɩtʊ 24 ñalakɩna evemiye kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ kɔyɔ, avema lʊbɛ ñalakɩna kpɩtaʊ kʊɖʊmʊʊ nɛ kpɩtaʊ taa paa kɩyakʊ ŋgʊ lɛ kɩna kɩ-hɩɖɛ nɛ kɩyakɩŋ ɩnʊʊ yɔ:

* hodo
* piya
* cɩla
* sarakawaɣ
* kemeɣa
* mazaɣ
* kujuka
 
Kpɩtaŋ naanza lakɩna fenaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ ɛlɛ, pɩtɛkɛ fenasi tɩŋa wɛŋna kɩyakɩŋ ɖeyi ɖeyi. Lɛlaɣ fenaɣ wɛna kɩyakɩŋ 28 yaa 29, nɛ  lɛɛsɩ taa lɛ kɩyakɩŋ 30 nɛ fenasɩ lɛɛsɩ ñɛwɛna kɩyakɩŋ 31. Pɩnaɣ taa kpɩtaŋ 52 yaa 53 wɛna nɛ kɩyakiŋ 365 yaa 366. 

Ɖooo kiɖe tɛɛ ɛlɛ, pɔtɔŋ se Ɛsɔ lɩza ɛjaɖɛ nɛ kɩyakɩŋ looɖo nɛ lubɛ ñɩŋgʊ wiye ɛlɛ ɛhɛzɩ. Krɩstʊ mba nabayɩ cɔlɔ ɛlɛ, kujuka kɛŋna kɩyakʊ kɩhɛzʊʊ nɛ lɛɛba ɛlɛ, mazaɣ. Malɩŋ ɛsɔ sɛyaa cɔclɔc ɛlɛ, kemaɣa kɩŋna kɩyakʊ ŋgʊ palɩza se pɛsɛɛ-ɩ yɔ. Ñɩɩnɩya ɛtɛlɛmwaa c;colɔ ɛlɛ, ñʊʊ l7 kɛna hama ñʊʊ. Mezopotamii taa, evemiye 7 ñɩnɖɛ kɛna ɛzaʊ evemiye. Pʊ-yɔɔ kɛ paɖʊ paɣtʊ se fenaɣ taa kɩyakʊ 7, 14 nɛ 28 ñɩŋgʊ wiye pataala tʊmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ.

Kpɩtaʊ kɛna alɩwaatʊ taa alɩwaayʊʊ nakʊyʊ nɛ kɩkɩla evemiye kɛ ɖaalʊʊ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se yee ñɩɩtʊ 24 ñalakɩna evemiye kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ, avema lʊbɛ ñalakɩna kpɩtaʊ kʊɖʊmʊʊ. Afema lʊbɛ ñalakɩna kpɩtaʊ kʊɖʊmʊʊ nɛ kpɩtaʊ taa paa evemiye nɖi lɛ nɛ ɖɩ-hɩɖɛ nɛ afema anaa yɔ: 

Kpɩtaŋ naanza lakɩna fenaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ ɛlɛ, pɩtɛkɛ fenasi tɩŋa wɛŋna kɩyakɩŋ ɖeyi ɖeyi, nasɩyɛ wɛna kɩyakɩŋ 28 yaa 29, lɛɛsɩ taa lɛ kɩyakɩŋ 30 nɛ fenasɩ lɛɛsɩ ñɛwɛna kɩyakɩŋ 31.
Krɩkɛtɩ

Krɩkɛtɩ tomnaɣ taa hayɩsʊʊ aleɣya naayɛ. Pɩkɛna alɣya wena ɛyaa sakɩyɛ pɩzʊ nɛ peleɣyɩ yɔ. Pamakɩ-kʋ nɛ ɖaʋ. Kɩ-pɔza maɖaa hɔlɩŋ nɩɩlɛ, paa hɔlʋʋ ŋgʋ maɖaa kpɛnda hiu nɛ kʋɖʋm. Pamakɩ-kʋ kadaɣ taa, nɛ kadaɣ ŋga kɛwɛ kulukulu ɛzɩ yaɖɛ yɔ. Kadaɣ kanɛyɔ, kɔyɔ nɛ n̄ɩtʋ ndʋ paya tʋ size kaazɔɔ yɔ. Kɛ-hɛkʋ taa nɛ lone nɖɩ ɖɩwalanzɩ tala mɛta waa nɛɛlɛ ɖalakɩŋ taa mbʋ yɔ. 

Papazʋʋ aleɣya anaa lɛ, paa hɔɔlʋʋ ŋgʋ lɛ kɩ-cɛyʋ kɩ-tɩ se kʋɖʋzɩ lɛkʋʋ kpaaɖɛ. Paa hɔɔlʋʋ ŋgʋʋ lɛ, kɩwɛna maɖaa naalɛ kadaɣ taa. Hɔɔlʋʋ ŋgʋ kʋɖʋzʋʋ kpaala a-ɖɔɔ yɔ, ŋgʋ wabɩna. Maɖaa tɩŋga wɛʊ kadaɣ taa nɛ palʊ naalɛ naalɛ kɛ hɛkʊ taa ɖenɖe pasɩ kpoŋgbolonaa yɔ. Paapazʊ mabʊ ɛlɛ, pɔlɔʊ pombo ŋgʊ pamakɩna ɖaŋ yɔ hɛkʊ taa. Mba pɩkaza-wɛ yɔ, paɖaŋgʊ se lalaa ɛtaaɖʊ-wɛ. 

Ɖooo ɛlɛ, aleɣya anɛ aakɛ ɛzɩ piya acama aleɣya yɔ kɛ Aŋglɩtɛɛrɩ taa.  Pɩnzɩ 1300 taa, Aŋglɩtɛɛrɩ taa wiyau pɩyalʊ Édouard II keleyaɣ aleɣya naayɛ nɛ añɔtɩna krikɛtɩ kʊnɛ kpam, ɛlɛ nɔɔyʊ ɛɛsɩŋ se ana kɛ papɩsɩna mbʊ yaa ɛzɩma.  Ɛlɛ, Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ pana takayaɣ nakayɩ nɛ ka-taa lɛ, pɔyɔɔdɩ aleɣya anɛ a-tɔm. Pɩkɛna pɩnaɣ 1478 ɛlɛ wiyau sɔsɔ Louis XI kɛ paama-kɛ nɛ pɔpɔzʊ-ɩ nabʊyʊ.
Laadriki

Laadriki kɛna miŋ caɖɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩhaɣ mʊndʊsɩ ŋgʊ palakɩna kʊ-tʊmɩyɛ nɛ ñɩɣtʊ yɔ. Pɩkɛna mʊtʊzazɩ nzɩ pɔñɔɔza-sɩ nɛ pasɩɩ nɛ sɩtɩŋgʊʊna pɔʊ yaa loyu nakʊyʊ taa yɔ. Lotu ndʊ tɩ-nɔɔyɔɔ lɛ paɖɩkɩ. Laadriki kɛna nazɩyʋ haɣzʋʋ ɛ-tɩ yɔ. Laadriki kɛna ñalɩmɩyɛ ɛzɩ payaʋ ɖɔɖɔ size mʋndʋsʋʋ yɔ. Sakɩyɛ n̄ayaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se miŋ. Laadriki kɛna miŋ weyi ɛnaɣ cɩkpɛndʋʋ taa yɔ. Ɛyʊʊ maɣmaɣ wɛna mɩŋ nɩɩyɛ nɛ ɛwɛ ɖɔŋ ɖɔɖɔ ɛlɛ ɛtɛkɛ laadriki. Tɛʊ nɩɩʊ nɛ pɩnazʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, mɩŋ lɩʊ ɛzɩ laadriki ñɩŋ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ. 

Laadriki wɛna wazasɩ sakɩyɛ. Palakɩna laadriki paa lone nɖɩ lɛ ɖɩ-taa, nɛ paa hɔɔlɩŋ weyi lɛ ɛ-taa ɖɔɖɔ. Paa weyi lɛ, ɛñɩnʋ size ɛwɛɛna pɩtɛ laadriki ŋgʋʋ ɛ-ɖɩɣa taa.  Ajɛɛ nɛ ageeta sakɩyɛ wena awɛ weeweɣ yɔ, ana kɩlɩʋʋna labɩnaʋ nɛ laadriki miŋ. Laadriki yebina nɛ wondu ndɩ ndɩ ɖɩlaɖɛ tʋma tasɩ ɖɔʋʋ siŋŋ. Laadriki yeba nɛ, ajɛɛ sakɩyɛ tʋlɩ siŋŋ kɛ wondu sakɩyɛ ndɩ ndɩ tʋma ɖɩlaɖɛ. 

Ɖooo pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ XVIII taa kɛ  ñɩnɩyaa hiu laadriki miŋ. Ɛzɩma papɩzaa nɛ patɩlɩ camɩyɛ  kɛ laadriki miŋ tʊmɩyɛ yɔ, mbʊ yebina nɛ ñɩɩtʊ sɔɔsɔɔ tʊma labʊ tasɩ ɖɛʊ nɛ ɛsɩndaa. Pɩtakazɩ ɖoli se paalakɩ laadriki mɩŋ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ. Papɩsɩ polu laadriki miŋ nɛ miŋ soŋgiye, hɔɔyɛz taa piye yaa lɩm. Laadriki mɩŋ ɛɛtaawɛɛ, ɛyaa taapɩzʊʊ pɔyɔɔdʊ nɛ ɖama poliŋ taa.
Lord Byron

Palʋla Geoge Gordon Byron yaa Lord Gordon Byron kɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ taa kɩyakʋ 22 n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1788 taa kɛ Lɔndrɩ tɛtʋ taa. Ɛsɩba ɖomaɣ fenaɣ taa kɩyakʋ 19 n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1824 n̄ɩŋga taa. Krɛsɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛsɩba, Missolonghi tɛtʋ taa. Lɔndrɩ tɛtʋ kɛŋna Aŋgletɛɛrɩ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ. Ɖajaa George Gordon Ɖajaa ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ keɣwa maɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. George Gordon Byron kɛ ɖɔɖɔ takayɩsɩ maʋ. Caama kʋnʋŋ taa ɛmana ɛ-takayɩsɩ. Ɛ-taabalaa mba ɛ nɛ wɛ palakaɣ tʋmɩyɛ kʋɖʋɖɩyɛ yɔ mba yɔ : Robert Southey, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Shelley nɛ Keats. 

George Gordon caa kɛ payaɣ se John Byron.  Ɛɛkɛ kolonɛɛlɩ nɛ eyo you camɩyɛ kɛ Amerika tɛtʊ taa lɛ, ɛ-tɔm kɛdɩna halɩ pɩɣa nakayɩ, Amelia, nɛ kahalɩ-ɩ. Amelia wɛɛna-ɩ pɩɣa kʊɖʊmaɣ, Augusta nɛ ɛɖɛɛ ɛsɩ. Ɛpɩsaa ɛkɔɔ Pretaañ Sʊsɔʊ taa lɛ, ɛkpaɣ Catherine Gordon de Gight  (1765-1811) nɛ ɛlɛ lʊlɩna-ɩ George Gordon kɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 22 pɩnaɣ 1788. Palʊla-ɩ lɛ, ɛnaatalʊ kɛwa. E-ɖoo ɛnɛ ɛtɔɔ Lord yɔɔ kʊñɔŋ, mbʊ mbʊ yɔ, ɛ-halʊ ñapɩsa Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛ-nɛ asɛya pɔtɔkɩ leleŋ leleŋ nɛ pɔñɔʊ.
Maɣzɩtʊ tɔm

Maɣzɩtʊ tɔm kɛna aleɣya wena peleɣyʊ nɛ pamaazʊ nɔɔyʊ, nabayɩɖeyi yaa nabʊyʊ ɖeyi yɔ. Maɣzɩm tʋmɩyɛ laɣsɩ  labʋ sɩnɛ, sɩzɩɣnana nɛ pawɩlʋʋ tanaʋnɛ amʋʋza laɣsɩ kpeekpe. Amʋʋza maɣzɩm laɣsɩ sɩnɛ  palabɩzɩ sakɩyɛ pɩkɩlɩna matʋ taa. Ɛlɛ, sɩtɛma sɩwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ, kuduyuŋ sɔsɔŋ weyi ɛtɛɛ palakɩ maɣzɩm tɔm tanaŋ ɛnʋ yɔ. Krɛsɩ mba kʋnʋŋ taa lɛ, tɔm biye maɣzm tʋmɩyɛ tɔbʋʋ tobi kɛlɛ size ɖɩmaɣzɩyɛ. Maɣzɩm tɔm tʋmɩyɛ tɔbʋʋ kɛlɛ se lone nɖɩ palakɩ ɖɩ-taa lɩmaɣza sɔsɔna sɔsɔna yɔ.

Krɛɛsɩ taa kɛ maɣzɩyɛ tɔmɩyɛ ɖa lɩʊ. Mba ppamaɣzʊ yɔ, nabʊyʊ taa papaŋ pɛ-ɛsa yɔɔ ɛsɩndaa kɩpamɩŋ nɩɩyɛ se ɛyaa ɛtaasɩm-wɛ. Ɛsɩndaa kɩpamɩŋ ɩnʊ ɩpɩzʊ ɩwɛɛ woŋga yaa wiliu. Nɩɩyɛ pɩzʊ ɩwɛɛ hɔɔlʊ woŋga nɛ hɔɔlʊ wiliu. Maɣzɩyʊ abalʊ ñɩnʊ pɩzʊ esuu wondu ɛzɩ ɛkɛ halʊ yɔ yaa halʊ pɩzʊ ɛlɛɣzɩ-ɛtɩ nɛ ɛwɛɛ ɛzɩ abalʊ yɔ. Papɩzʊposuu wondu ɛzɩ pɛkɛ ɛsɔnaa yɔ yee ɛsɔ tɔm maɣzʊ ɛwɛʊ pɩ-taa kɔyɔ. Ɖɩmaɣzɩyɛ taa kɛ mbʊ yɔ, poluki kulubu mbʊ pacaɣ se pawɩlɩ ɛyaayɔ. Pɩpɩzʊ se pɩkɛna ɛzɩ tanaʊ yɔ yaa mbʊ pɩhaɣ ɛsɩtɛɛlɩm yɔ. 

Pɩtakazɩ hɔɔlʊ nakʊyʊ se paapɩzʊ pamaɣzɩ-kʊ. Takayɩsɩ kɩkalasɩ nzɩ sɩ-taa pamaɣ kɛ maɣzɩtʊ yɔ, payaɣ-sɩ se maɣzɩyɛ masɩ takayɩsɩ. Yee pɩkɛ ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe taa maɣzɩyɛ takayɩsɩ yaa ɛyʊ nɔɔyʊ takayɩsɩ nzɩ yɔ, payaɣ se ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-maɣzɩyɛ takayɩsɩ yaa mayʊ akele maɣzɩyɛ takayɩsɩ kpeekpe. Yee pɩkɛ tanaʊ maɣzɩyɛ tʊmɩyɛ kɔyɔ, mba pamaɣzʊ yɔ, paawoŋguu ɛlɛ, mba panɩʊ yaa pɔcɔcŋna yɔ, pɩlakɩ-wɛ woŋga kamaɣ fɛyɩ. 

Maɣzɩyɛ tʊmɩyɛ pɔzʊ se palɩzɩ lone nɖi ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa cakɩ se pɔcɔna yɔ nɛ  paɖʊ alɩwaatʊ nɛ ɛyaa wɛɛ. Maɣzɩya pɩzʊ pamaɣzɩ takayɩsɩ mayaa tɔm natʊyʊ yaa pamaɣzɩ mbʊ pʊɖɔŋ yaa pɩwɛ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ yɔ. Ɖooo caanaʊ taa, pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ VI pʊcɔ palʊlʊʊ Yesu lɛ, maɣzʊʊ kaakɛna mbʊ ɛyʊ na lakʊ taa yaa you ŋgʊ ɛlaba yɔ, pɩtɛ tɔm kɛdʊ yaa pɩlakasɩ ɖeyi ɖeyi kɛ lalaa cɔlɔ se pana.
Masɩ kpeekpe pɩlʊʊ

Kacalaɣ masɩ kpeekpe pɩlɩŋ weyi pɛlɛɣ-ɩ tɩlʊʊ yɔ ɩnʊʊ lɛ Ugaritikii masɩ pɩlʊʊ nɛ masɩ pɩlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-masɩ tɩŋgʊ ɖama wayɩ yɔ, Fenicii ñɩnzɩ, Aramee masɩ pɩlʊʊ nɛ Laatɛŋ ñɩŋgʊ. Mba pataawolo sukuli se pɛkpɛlɛkɩ masɩ pɩlɩŋ yɔ, pawɩlʊʊ-wɛ sɩ pa-akpdayɩtʊ taa kɔyɔ, pɔtɔŋ se pawɩlʊʊ-wɛɛ ɛsʊʊtʊya sukuli. 

Kabɩyɛ masɩ kpɛnda 33 nɛ nzɩɩ yɔ. Abalɩ masɩ kpɛnda 25 nɛ halɩ masɩ kɛ 9. Abalɩ masɩ kɔyɔ: b,c, d, ɖ, r, f, g, gb, ɣ, h, j, k, kp, l, m, n, ŋ,  p, r, s, t, v, w, y,  nɛ z. Halɩ ñɩnzɩ kɔyɔ: a, e, ɛ, i, ɩ, o; ɔ, u nɛ ʊ. Kabɩyɛ kalʊʊ  wɛ kaɖɛ kʊnʊŋ kʊnɛ kɩ-ñɩnɩyaa nɛ kɩ-lɔŋ sɩnɖaa ɖʊ liŋ se pɩsɩna kpɛlɛkɩya nɛ papɩzɩ pakalɩ-kʊ camɩyɛ lɩŋŋŋ. Pʊ-yɔɔ kɛ paɖʊ liŋ wɛ looɖo nɛ ɩnʊʊ yɔ: fetiye liu, kozoŋga liu, kpaŋgaɣ liu, kɩlakʊ ñɩŋgʊ, kpeluu liu nɛ nakaʊ lɩʊ. 

Kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pawɩlʊ sukulinaa taa nɛ lɔŋ nɛ ɛsakuliye yɔ, ɩnʊʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ kɛkominanaa tʊma taa. Afrika taa lɛ, kʊnʊmɩŋ ɩnʊ ɩlɩna ɖooo lɔŋ taa ɛyaa kʊlʊmaa mba pakɔma nɛ pacaɣ ajɛya ana a-nʊŋ yɔɔ yɔ. Kʊnʊmɩŋ ɩnʊ Afrika taa itakɩlɩ ɖɔʊ nɛ ɩ-taa kɔyɔ: Aŋgilisi, Fransɩɩ, Pɔrɩtiigaalɩ, Ɛsɩpaañɔlɩ, Sɩwaahiilii, Kinaarɩwandaa, Arabii nɛ Sonaa.

Paa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ mbʊ yɔ, kewiyaɣ taa kʊnʊmɩŋ kɛ pakɩlʊ yɔɔdʊ aradiyonaa taa nɛ kɛlɛm kɛlɛmnaa taa. Paɖʊ ɖɔɖɔ alɩwaatʊ natʊyʊ nɛ posusuu natʊyʊ nɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ ageeta taa.
Hɔɔyɛ taa piye tɛɛ kɛgbɛdɛsaɣ

Hɔɔyɛ taa piye tɛɛ kɛna kɛgbɛdɛsaɣ ŋga kapɩzʊ katalɩ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛyʊ ɛɛɖaŋʊ yɔ. Kɛgbɛdɛsaɣ ŋga kapɩzʊ kala ɖenɖe ñɩɩtʊ sɔɔsɔɔ ñɩnʊ sɔsɔm wɛɛ yɔ yaaɖenɖe paɖɩɣna nazɩyʊpee tʊmɩyɛ labʊ yɔ. Kapɩzʊ katalɩ ɖenɖe paɖɩɩna ñɩɩtʊ kpagbaba ñɩndʊ kɛ tɩzʊ yɔ yaa ɖɔɖɔ ɖenɖe paɖɩɩna ñalʊ  yaa catʊ ñɩɣtʊ ndʊ tɩpɩzʊ tɩmʊ mɩŋ yɛm yɔ.

Tʊma wena a-taa pɔtɔʊ cɛnzɩ yaa cɛkasɩ yɔ, peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ kɛ hɔɔyɛ taa piye tɛɛ kɛgbɛdasɩ kɩlɩʊ labʊ. Hɔɔyɛ taa piye tɛɛ kɛgbɛdɛsaɣ kɛnɛ kapɩzʊ kala ɖɔɖɔ ɖenɖe pasɩʊ hɔzɩŋ yaa malɩfanaa yɔ ɛzɩ sɔɔjanaa pɩlɩŋ taa.

Kɛwɛ paalepɩkɩlɩna: ɖakʊtanaa taa, hɔɔyɛ taa pee ɖɩñɩnɩyɛ yaa ɖɔɖɔ sanzɩ nɛ kaɖazɩm ɖi-huyiye nɛ ɖɩ-ɖɩpɛdɩyɛ. Hɔɔyɛ taa piye tɛɛ kɛgbɛdɛsaɣ kɛnɛ kapɩzʊ nɛ kala lɩm tɛɛ yaa ñɩɩtʊ ndʊ tɩkpakʊ ɛsɔdaa lɔɔɖa yɔ tiɖeɖe. Ñɩɩtʊ ndʊ tɩyɔkʊʊ lɩm sɔsɔm taa ɖom pe sɔsɔna yɔ. 

Hɔɔyɛ taa piye tɛɛ kɛgbɛdɛsasɩ nzɩ, papɩzʊ paɖɩʊ-sɩ kaʊ ɛlɛ pɩwɛɛ se patɩlɩ camɩyɛ ñɩɩtʊ ndʊ tɩ-tɛ hɔ taa pe paɖɩɩna tʊmɩyɛ kɛ labɩunaʊ yɔ. Pɩwɛɛ se pʊcɔ nɛ pesɩu tʊmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ ɖɩlaɖɛ ɛlɛ, pañɩnɩ mbʊ paapɩzɩ nɛ pala nɛ kɛgbɛdɛsaɣ nakayɩ ɛtaala yɔ yya mbʊ pakpana kpɛdɛɛ taa nɛ paɖɩʊ-kɛ kaʊ yɔ nɛ palʊbɩna-kɛ lɔŋ lɔŋ yɔ.
Roald Amundsen

Roald Amundsen  kɛ Nɔɔrɩvɛɛzɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tʊnɛ palʊla-ɩ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 16 pɩnaɣ 1872 kɛ Pɔrzɩ tɛtʊ taa. Ɛsɩba mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ 18 pɩnaɣ 1928. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ maɣmaɣ kɔyɔ Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen.  Roald kɛna lɩm ɛwadɩyɛ yɔɔ ɖɔnʊ nɛ tɛtʊ putuuɖe ñʊʊŋ tɛɛ ñɩnɩyʊ, takayɩsɩ kɩkalɩsɩ mayʊ, ñɩnɩyʊ nɛ ɛsɔtaa lɔɔɖa sayʊ. Palʊla Roald Amundsen tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Kristiania yɔ, ɖenɖe payaɣ sɔnɔ  se Ɔsɩloo yɔ. Ɛ-caa kɛna lɩm ɛwadɩyɛ yɔɔ ɖɔnʊ nɛ  ɛ-cɔlɔ lɛ, ɛnʊ kɛŋna pɩɣa naanza ŋga. 

E-ɖoo ñɩnaɣ se Roald ɛtaala lɩm yɔɔ tʊmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ ɛlɛ ɛpɩsɩ ɖakʊta. Pɩnaɣ 1889 kɛ Fridtjof Nansen ɖoma ɖomba mʊlʊm yɔɔ nɛ naataŋgbala kɛ Krowelandɩ nɛ ɛpɩsɩ ɛkɔɔna abalɩtʊ. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Roald kaawɛna pɩnzɩ 18 nɛ ɛsɔɔlɩ se ɛkɛna tɛtʊ putuuɖe ñʊʊŋ tɛɛ ñɩnɩyʊ, ɛlɛ ɛmɛsɩ-tʊ ɛ-ñɩma. Pɩnaɣ 1890 taa lɛ, ɛpaɣzɩ ɖakʊtanaa sukuli se pɩkɛdɩna e-ɖoo. Pɩnzɩ 3 wayɩ ɛlɛ sɩba nɛ ɛzɩma ɛɛwɛɛ ɛtɔlʊʊ lɛ, eyele-ku nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ lɩm ɛwadɩyɛ yɔɔ tʊmɩyɛ. Pɩla mbʊ nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ ɛ-caa mɛlɛna kpɛlɛkʊʊ.

Pɩnaɣ 1898 ewoba Pɛlɩziki hayɩsʊ mbʊ Adrien de Gerlache de Gomery ñɔɔza yɔ. Pɩɩkɛna kacalaɣ ñɩŋgʊ kɛ Antarkɩtikii yɔɔ. Roald kaawɛ sɔsɔ Frederick Cook nɔkɔyʊʊ taa kpam nɛ ɛlɛ wɩlɩ-ɩ lɔŋ weyi ɛkpaɣna nɛ ɛpɩzɩ ɛkɛ ɛwa yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1905 taa ɛkɛna kacalaɣ-tʊ weyi ɛlɛɣ talɩʊ kanada hayʊ kiŋ yɔ, nɛ ɛtɩŋna Atɩlantikii lɩŋgamʊʊ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ nɛ ɛtalɩ Pasifikii. Pʊcɔ ɛkɛʊ nɔɔyɔɔ tʊ weyi ɛtalɩ tɛtʊ ñʊʊ putuɖe nɖɩ ɖɩwɛna hadɛ kiŋ yɔ kɛ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ 14 wiye pɩnaɣ 1911 lɛ, ewoba ɖenɖe payayaɣ se Kpakpalikiyisi lɩm nzɔlʊmɩyɛ pɔɔ taa yaa baie des Baleines yɔ puwiye nɖɩ ɖeke.
Ɖugibi

Ɖugibi kɛna nisi nɛ naŋgbanzɩ pombo. Pamakɩ ɖugibi nɛ nisi nɛ naŋgbanzɩ nɛ pombo nakʊyʊ kɩwɛ lɔbɔɔɔ. Maɖa 15 yaa 13 makɩna-kʊ. Paamakɩ lɛ, paa maɖʊ weyi ɛñɩnʊʊ se ɛɖʊzɩ ɛtaabalʊ weyi ɛwɛ hɔɔlʊ lɛɛkʊ taa yɔ. Pɛwɛʊ 15 yaa 13 hɔɔlʊʊ hɔɔlʊ nɛ ɖenɖe paɖʊzʊʊ yɔ pesiu ɖaŋ naalɛ nɛ ɩ-ñʊʊ yɔɔ lɛ pakaɣ nakʊyʊ. Kadaɣ nakayɩ taa kɛ pamakɩ pombo kʊnɛ. Paamakɩ-kʊlɛ, nabayɩ wɛʊ nɛ pɩnɩ nɔɔyʊ yaa nɔɔyʊ ɛɛɖɔŋpaatʊndʊ pɩwɛɛ se paña yɔ lɛ, pɛlɛɛzɩ-ɩ. Mbʊ paa anɩ ɛsɔɔlʊ yɔ, mbʊ lɛ se ɛɖʊzɩ kpaala pɩkɩlɩ lɛlʊ kɛ ɖɔʊ. Paapaazʊʊ mabʊ lɛ, pahʊlʊʊ fɩɖɩɖɩ nɛ palɔ pombo ŋgʊ hɛkʊ taa nɛ weyi ɛkpiki-ku yɔ ɛcɛyʊʊ ɛ-tɩ se ese ɖoŋ nɛ ewona-ku nɛ ɛdʊzɩ ɛ-paɖɛ sizika taa. 

Maɖʊ pɩzʊ ɛlɔ nɛ e-nisi yaa kɩtɔla tataa kɔyɔ, ɛmabɩna naŋgbaŋgaɣ. Paɖɛ ɛɖʊza pombo kɛ lɛlʊ sizika taa kɔyɔ, pakalʊ kpaɣla 5 yaa 7, pɩlɩɩna ɖʊzʊ mbʊ ɛɖʊzɩnaa yɔ. Yee ɛyʊ ɛɖʊzɩna naŋgbaŋgaɣ yaa pɩkɛna pa-kɩkpɛndʊ taa naŋgbaŋgʊ hɔm kɔyɔ, pakalɩ kpaala 3. Patasʊ rugibi kɛ yaʊ se rugibi XV, pɩlɩɩna ɛzɩma maɖaa 15 makɩna-kʊ yɔ. Pombo kʊnɛ kɩpaazɩna Aŋgilɩtɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa pʊcɔ nɛ kɩtalʊ ajɛya wena a-taa pɔyɔɔdʊ aŋgilisi kʊnʊŋ yɔ. Ajɛya naayɛ kɔyɔ: Kewiyaɣ-Kikpɛndaɣ ɛjaɖɛ, Irlandi,  Afrika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ, Ɔsɩtralii, Nuvɛlɩ-Zeelandɩ nɛ Fransɩ.

Papazɩ rugibi popmbo kɛ mabʊ pɩnzɩ  1870 taa. Pɩnaɣ 1871 kɛ pacalɩ-kʊmabʊ nɛ pɩɩkɛna Ekɔsɩ nɛ Aŋgilitɛɛrɩ ajɛya pamabɩna-kʊ. Pɩɩtʊzɩna kʊjʊka nakɩyɩ, lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 27 pinaɣ 1871 nɛ Ekɔsɩ kaawabɩna Aŋgilitɛɛrɩ. Ɛkɔsɩ kaaɖʊ kpaala 4 nɛ ɛpaɖɛ Aŋgilitɛɛrɩ ñaɖʊzɩ 1. Ɛyaa 4 000 kaawobina Ekɔsɩ ejaɖɛ taa peeɖe. Mba pamakɩ rugibi kɛ pɩnaɣ 2016 taa pɛkpɛnda ɛyaa ɛzɩ 8 500 000 yɔ nɛ mba palɩza-wɛ kɩɖɩmaɖ yɔ patalʊ ɛzɩ ɛyaa 3 200 000 yɔ.
Rembrandt

Palʊla Rembrandt kɛ Leyidi Peeyiba ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 15 wiye pɩnaɣ 1606 yaa 1607 taa nɛ ɛsɩ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 4 pɩnaɣ 1669  kɛ Amstɛrɩdam tɛtʊ taa, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 63. Palʊla-ɩ lɛ payayaɣ-ɩ se Rembrant Harmenszoon van Rijn. Rembrandt kɛ tɔlɩm tayʊ, saɣyʊ nɛ kɩlɛmɩŋ yaa anjaʊnaa lɩzɩyʊ. Ɛ-wɩlɩya sɔsaa taa nabayɩ kɔyɔ: Jacob van Swanenburgh, Pieter Lastman, Jan Lievens piyele e-sukuli pɩya lɛɛsɩ kɔyɔ: Ferdinand Bol, Gérard Dou, Willem Drost, Govaert Flinck, Carel Fabritius, Samuel van Hoogstraten, Nicolas Maes, Eeckhout. 

Leyidi nɛ Amstɛrɩdam tɛtʊ taa kɛ ɛkɩlɩ labʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ. Payaɣ ɛ-caa se Harmen Gerritszoon van Rijn nɛ e-ɖoo kɔyɔ Neeltje Willemsdr Zuytbrouck. Rembrandt halʊ kɛ payaɣ se Saskia van Uylenburgh nɛ pɛwɛna pɩɣa kʊɖʊmaɣ nɛ ŋga yɔ Cornelia van Rijn. Rembrandt kɛna weyi ɛwɛ tɔlɩm taya taa sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ kɛ ɛtɛ alɩwaatʊ taa pɩkɩlɩna tɔlɩm taʊ mbʊ pɩɖɩɩzʊʊ ɛyaa yem yɔ. Ɛnʊ kɛŋna ɖɔɖɔ Holandɩ sukuli taa tɔlɩm tayaa taa sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ kɛ pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ XVII taa.
Rushmore pʊʊ

Rushmore pʊʊ kɛna pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Amerika taa yɔ nɛ kɩkɛna pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-yɔɔ palɩza sɔdɩŋ sɔsɔŋ anjaʊnaa yɔ. Kɩwɛ Amerika tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Keystɔnɩ yɔ tɩ-taa, egeetiye nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Rapid Sitii yɔ, ɖɩwɛ Takota nɛ hadɛ kiŋ. Pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-yɔɔ palɩza Amerika ɛjaɖɛ ñʊndɩnaa. Peeɖe palɩza nʊndɩna ɛzɩ kpaɣ pɩnzɩ ɛzɩ 150 yɔ. Saayʊ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Gutzon Borglum yɔ ɛlɩza Amerika ñʊndɩna mba pa-hɩla kɩla sɛʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa yɔ nɛ pɛkpɛnda ñʊndɩna 4. 

Pa-anjaʊna kʊkɩyɩmɩŋ taa tala ɛzɩ mɛtanaa 18 yɔ. Ɛlɩza ñʊndɩna mba kɛ kpaɣna pɩnaɣ 1770 nɛ 1900 taa. Mba ɛlɩza yɔ, pa-taa kɔyɔ: 

* Ɖajaa George Washington (1732-1799)
* Ɖajaa Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)
* Ɖajaa Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919)
* Dajaa Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865)

Pʊʊ ŋɣʊ kʊ-yɔɔ ɖenɖe palɩza se pasaɣ sɔdɩŋ ɩnʊ ɩ-kɩlɛmɩŋ yɔ, pɩtɛ walanzɩ taa wɛ ɛzɩ 5,17 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖaalakɩŋ ñatalɩʊ ɛzɩ 1 745 yɔ. Ɛsɩyɛ egbena tɔm taa lɛ, ɛyaa ɛzɩ miliyɔɔna naalɛ yɔ woki paa pɩnaɣ ŋga.

Pɩnaɣ 1885 kɛ Niu Yɔrkɩ tɛtʊ taa tɔm hʊʊ temiyu weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Charles E. Rushmore yɔ, ɛnʊ nanap pʊʊ ŋgʊ nɛ ɛcɛlɛ-kʊ ɛ-hɩɖɛ se Rushmore. Payawaɣ-kʊ Cɔzɔnaa looɖo pʊʊ. Pʊʊ kʊnɛ kɩkɛna Amerindɩyɛŋ mba lone kiɖeɖeye nɛ peeɖe habɩyɛ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-ñʊʊtʊ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Lakota Black Elk yɔ ɛtɩŋgaɣ nɛ ɛkpaɣ kɩ-ñʊʊtaa. Ñɩnɩyaa anasayɩaa nabɩyɩ yɔɔdʊ se pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩɩwɛna hɩla sakɩyɛ ɛzɩ: Kʊʊgarɩ pʊʊ, Sʊgarlodi pʊʊ, Sʊlʊkʊta pʊʊ ɖaɣ yaa ɖɔɖɔ Keyiston pʊʊ. Kɩpɩza Rushmore pʊʊ kɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Rushmore, David Swanzey, nɛ Bill Challis pɛyɛlaɣ se patɩlɩ hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ yɔ.


Mount Rushmore.jpg|thumb|Rushmore Pʋʋ
MtRushmore GW close.jpg|thumb|Ɖajaa George Washington
MtRushmore Tom close.jpg|thumb|Ɖajaa Thomas Jefferson
MtRushmore TR close.jpg|thumb|Ɖajaa Theodore Roosevelt
MtRushmore Abe close.jpg|thumb|Ɖajaa Abraham Lincoln
File:Mount_rushmore.jpg|thumb|Rushmore Pʋʋ
Sagrada Familia

Sagrada Família kɛ kuduyuu sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ patama ɛzɩ lɛɛŋ yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1881 taa kɛ ɛsɔ sɛtʊ mba mba patɩmʊna Ɛsɔ nɛ patɩngʊna Yosefu kiɖeɖeu yɔɔ yɔ, pɔyɔɔdɩna Josep Maria Bocabella se ɛsɩna-wɛ nɛ pama ɛsɔsɛtʊ kpaaŋ sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ. pɩla mbʊ lɛ, pɔcɔɔ Malɔrka, Marina, nɛ Sardanya haba yɔɔ nɛ pasʊlɩmɩ Ɛsɩpaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa liidiye ɛzɩ 172 000 yɔ. Tam ŋga paawɛna yɔ, ŋga lɛ se pama ɛsɔ sɛtʊ kpaaŋ nɛ payaa-kʊ se Hɔʊ kiɖeɖeu. Hɔʊ kiɖeɖeu ŋgʊ lɛ Yosefʊ kiɖeɖeu, Pɛlɛ Maria nɛ Yeesu. Pa-lɩmaza ana aasɩʊna ɛsɔ sɛtʊ kpaamɩŋ maʊ ɛlɛ pamaɣ ɖɔɖɔ sukulinaa. 

Weyi pɛcɛla kuduyuu kʊnɛ ki-kpalaahuwa lʊʊ yɔ, ɛnʊ lɛ Joan Martorell i Montells. Pɩnzɩ naatozo wayɩ lɛ, ɛcɛlɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ kɛ ɛ-pɩyalʊ weyi ɛwɛ ɛ-cɔlɔ nɛ ɛkpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ yɔ, Gaudí. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa lɛ, Gaudí kaawɛna pɩnzɩ 3̄1. Ɛ-tamaɣ ŋga ɛɖʊwa se pamana kuduyuu ŋgʊ yɔ, kaakɛdɩna paa-anɩ. Ɛɖʊwa se pama talɩmɛnɖɛɛnaa 5 nɛ mondoɖe naɖɩyɛ ɖɩwɛɛ ɛzɩ kamaŋgaɣ yɔ. Pama ɖɔɖɔ kɩ-taa ɖoli nɛ peeɖe wɛɛ kulukulu piyele awayɩ kiŋ lɛ pama ɖenɖe ɛyaa ɖɔŋ landamm yɔ. Kuduyu ŋgʊ kɩwɛʊna nɔnɔsɩ naatozo nɛ aɖakasɩ kulukulu ñɩnzɩ nasɩyɛ kɛ 18.

Aɖakasɩ nzɩ sɩ-taa lɛ 12 wɩlʊ apostolowa, naanza ñɛkɛna Yeesu tɔm kiɖeɖetu mayaa. Tɔm kiɖeɖetu ndʊ tɩtɛ aɖakasɩ kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ taa wɛʊna mɛtanaa ɛzɩ 135 yɔ. Aɖakasɩ 18 nzɩ sɩ-taa lɛ, pamaɣ ɖoli kɛ pɛlɔ Maria kiɖeɖeu nɛ ɛ-ñʊʊtaa nɛ tanaŋ tɛɛ tɩmbalʊ nɛ kɛ-tɛ kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ taa wɛʊ mɛtanaa ɛzɩ 127,50 yɔ nɛ ŋgʊ kɩkɩla kʊƴʊʊ yɔ kɩwɛʊna mɛtanaa 172,50 nɛ kɩwɛʊ kpaaŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-hɛkʊ taa nɛ peeɖe kɛna Yeesu. Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ kpaaŋ kʊnɛ, Gaudí sɔɔla se pʊtɔzɩ Yeesu Kristʊ caanaʊ tɩsʊʊ tɔm tɩŋga. Nɔnɔsɩ naatozawaa lɛ pɩkɛna Yeesu wezu caaʊ tɩŋga: ɛ-lʊlʊuʊ, e-siziŋ nɩʊ nɛ e-femtu. 

Aɖakaɣ ŋga kɛwɛ kulukulu yɔ kawɩlʊ lanhɛzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ Jeruzalɛm yɔ. Kudɩyu kʊnɛ kɩtɛtɛ maʊ pʊcɔ Antoni Gaudí sɩkɩ. Ɛsɩba mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ 12wiye pɩnaɣ 1926 nɛ pepimi-i cɔɔcɩ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Ɛsɔ Ɖoo yɔ kɩ-taa kɛ Ɛsɩpaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Palɩtiki teŋgu

Palɩtiki teŋgu kɛna teŋgu ŋgʊ kɩwɛ ketenzi hɛkʊ taa yɔ. Teŋgu kʊnɛ kɩ-walanzɩ mɩtaɖɛ wɛ 364 800 km2 nɛ kɩ-hɔɔyɛ taa maɣna 24 000 km3. Ki-cukaŋ taa wɛ ɛzɩ mɛtanaa 459 nɛ kɩɖaalakɩŋ taa wɛna kilomɛtanaa 1 600 km. Kɩwɛ Eerɔpʊ nɛ kɩ-hayʊ kiŋ nɛ Hayʊ kiŋ teŋgu wɛna kɩnɛ Atɩlantiki Lɩŋamʊʊ ñɩŋgʊ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa. Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa nɛ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ, teŋgu kʊnɛ nɛ Kategati nɛ Sigaageraki teŋgunaa pa-lɩm kpeŋna ɖama taa. Lɩm ɛwadɩyɛ nzʊlʊma naadozo kpɛndʊna nɛ pɩkpɛŋ teŋgu kʊnɛ kɩ-taa. 

Awada nzʊlʊma anaa yɔ: wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, Fɛɛlandɩ ɛwadɩyɛ nzʊlʊmɩyɛ piyele Pɔtnii ñɩnɖɛ ŋ̃ɛwɛna hayʊ kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa hadɛ kiŋ lɛ, Riga lɩm kpɛŋna. Ajɛya wena acɔ Paltiki teŋgu nɛ ata yɔ, anaa yɔ: wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ, Sʊyɛdɩ ɛjaɖɛ wɛna piyele wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Fɛɛlandɩ, pɩkazɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ Ruusii nɛ Ɛsɩtoonii; Lɛtonii ɛjaɖɛ wɛna; teŋgu kʊnɛ nɛ kɩ-hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Lituyanii, Rusii nɛ Polɔɔñɩ ajɛya pɩkazɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ hakiŋ lɛ Caama nɛ Tanimarikɩ ajɛya wena teŋgu kʊnɛ kɩ-kamaɣ yɔɔ. 

Keteŋga kpeekpe taa lɛ, Palɩtiki teŋgu kʊnɛ kɩkɩlɩna kɛʊ kɩfalʊʊ. Ɖooo kiɖe tɛɛ lɛ, teŋgu kʊnɛ kɩɩkɛna pɔɔ cickpelaɣ pʊcɔ nɛ kawalʊ nɛ kawalʊ. 

Mer Baltique
Salvador Dalí

Palʊla  Salvador Dalí kɛ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 11 pɩnaɣ 1904 kɛ Figera haɖaa taa, katalɔñɩ egeetiye taa, Ɛsɩpaañɩ ɛjaɖe taa. Salvador Dalí sɩba Figera tɛtʊ taa kɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ 23 wiye pɩnaɣ 1989 ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 84. Pɩnzɩ nzɩ sɩ-taa ɛlaba ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ camɩyɛ yɔ nzɩ lɛ 924 nɛ 1989 taa. Palʊla-ɩ lɛ payawaɣ-ɩ se Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí y Domènech pʊcɔ payaɣ-ɩ yem se Salvador Dalí. Ɛkɛ tɔlɩm tayʊ, anjaʊna lɩzɩʊ, sɩʊ kpelesi mayʊ, kɩlɛmɩŋ yaa fotonaa lɩzɩyʊ nɛ takayɩsɩ kɩkalɩsɩ mayʊ. 

Lona wena a-taa ɛkɩula caaʊ nɛ ɛla ɛ-tʊma yɔ ana lɛ: Siŋgapuri, Tɛl-Aviv, Fransɩɩ, Maadridi, Etazunii, Ɛsɩpaañɩ. Payaɣe-caa se Salvador Dalí i Cusí (1872- 1952) nɛ e-ɖoo kɔyɔ Felipa Domènech Ferrés y Bom (1874-1921). Payaɣ ɛ-halʊ se Gala Dalí nɛ ɛ-na-ɩ pɩnsɩ 1934 nɛ 1982 kɛ palaba. Ɛkɛ weyi pakpaɣ ɛzɩ mba pɛwɛna kadadayaɣ lɩmaza pa-ñʊndaa yɔ nɛ ɛwɛ pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ XX taa saɣya nɛ tɔlɩm tayaa sɔsɔ pa-taa. Ɖooo ɛ-pɩcatʊ taa kɛ ɛsɔɔla maazɩm haʊ lɩmaaza. Pʊyɔɔ kɛ ɛkʊyɩ Figera nɛ ewolo Madridi se ɛla keɖeɣyaɣ tʊmɩyɛ. Peeɖe ɛɖʊ taabalɩɩ nɛ Federico García Lorca nɛ Luis Buñuel. 

Ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 5 lɛ ɛ-ñɩma wona-ɩ ɛ-ɖalʊ pɩlaʊ yɔɔ, pawɩlɩ-kʊ nɛ peheyi-i se: ɛ-ɖalʊ weyi pepima peeɖe yɔ, pɩwɛ ɛzɩ e-ɖom yɔ. Ɛ-ɖalʊ ɛnʊ ɛsɩba lɛ paawɛna ɛ-hɔɔ nɛ payawaɣ-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ se Salvador. Tɔm piye nɖɩ ɖɩpazɩ ɖɩɖʊkɩna-ɩ siŋŋŋ nɛ ɛyɔɔdɩ se: « Palʊla-m ɖom. Paalʊla-m man-ɖalʊ lone taa, pɩha-ɩ camɩyɛ  nɛ nɔɔyʊ ɛɛpɩzʊ ɛlabɩ-ɩ nabʊyʊ. Ɛcaɣ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-yɔɔ kɛ pɩnzɩ lʊbɛ pʊcɔ ɛ-ñʊʊ taa nimasi mʊʊ miŋ.» Ɛ-caa nɛ e-ɖoo pataakɩlɩ-ɩ nɛ ñaŋ nɛ petekizina-ɩ ɛ-lɩmaazɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ. E-ɖoo se ɛnʊ kaawɛna pɩnzɩ looɖo lɛ, ɛɛsɔɔla se ɛpɩsɩ kʊʊkʊ yaa tɩsɩyʊ nɛ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ lʊbɛ lɛ ɛsɔɔlɩ se ɛpɩzɩ Napoléon nɛ pɩwayɩ kɛ mbʊ yɔ ɛ-lɩmaaza wɛɛ pɩkpaɣ ɖɔŋ nɛ pɩkpaɣ.
Sarah Bernhardt

Palʊla Sarah Bernhardt kɛ aloma fenaɣ 25 wiye pɩnaɣ 1844 kɛ Paarii tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛsɩ lakɩŋ fenaɣ 26 pɩnaɣ 1923  kɛ tɛtʊ kʊɖʊmtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛɛwɛna pɩonzɩ 78. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ sɔsɔyɛ kɔyɔ Sara-Marie-Henriette Bernhardt. Ɛ-lʊlʊʊ takayaɣ fɛyɩ kpayɩ kpayɩ pɩlɩɩna alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pɔñɔta Paarii tɛtʊ taa lʊlʊʊ takayɩsɩ ɖɩlaɖɛ yɔ. Nabɩyɛ yɔɔɖʊʊ se palʊla Sarah Bernhardt kɛ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 22 yaa 23 pɩnaɣ 1844. Lalaa sepɩkɛʊna hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ taa paa pɩnaɣ 1844, lalaa cɔlɔ kpem yɔ, pɩkɛʊna pɩnaɣ 1843 yaa 1841.

Ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ kɛlɛ maɣzʊ yaa weyi ɛlakɩ tanaʊ yɔ. Ɛ-tʊma lɛɛna yɔ: ɛmaɣ maɣzʊʊ takayɩsɩ kɩkalɩsɩ, tɔlɩm taʊ nɛ sɩʊ kpelasɩ yaa anjaʊnaa saɣʊ. Pɩnzɩ 61 (1862-1923) kɛ ɛlaba ɛ-tʊma nɛ ɛna Edmond Rostand, Marcel Proust nɛ Oscar Wilde pakɩlɩna tʊma labʊ. Ɛ-wɩlɩyʊ sɔsɔ kɔyɔ Jean-Baptiste Provost. Ɛwɛ pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ XIX nɛ XX taa mba pakɩlɩ tanaŋ labʊ kɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, pa-taa. Victor Hugo ñɛɖɛɣʊ-ɩ se nɔɔ nɩɩnɩ-tʊ yaa ɛ-nɔɔ taa wɛ leleŋ ɛzɩ ñɩɣlɩm yɔ, lalaa se ɛsɔtaa abiɖe. 

Ɛwɛ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa mba pakɩlɩ maʊ maɣzʊ takayɩsɩ kɩkalɩsɩ yɔ pa-taa kɛ pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ XIX. Sarah Bernhardt kɛna kɛlɛm kɛlɛm waa taa ñekele tʊ kacalaɣ ñɩnʊ weyi ɛcɔ ajɛya ndɩ ndɩ taa yɔ. Ɛwoba Afrika, Amerika, Azii, Oseyanii nɛ Erɔpʊ ajɛya taa. Ɛzɩ Victor Hugo nɛ lalaa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, Jean Cocteau ya Sarah Bernhardt se Kiliu sɔnʊʊ kɩɖeɖeu. Payaɣ e-ɖoo se  Judith-Julie Bernardt (1821-1876) nɛ ɛsɛɛ hɩɖɛ se Youle, nɛ ɛkɛ Neyɛrlandɩ tʊ. Nɔɔyʊ ɛsɩŋ e-ɖoo ɛnʊ ɛ-caa nɛ Sarah tɔyɔɔdɩ ɛ-cɔzɔ ɛnʊ ɛ-tɔm natʊyʊ ɖɔɖɔ.
Mimar Sinan

Mimar Sinan kɛna kuduyiŋ maʊ kpalahusi lʊyʊ nɛ ɛkɛ Kristu tʊ. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ maɣmaɣ kɔyɔ Mimar Koca Sinan ibn Abd al-Mannan. Palʊla Mimar Koca Sinan ibn Abd al-Mannan pɩnzɩ 1488 nɛ 1491 taa kɛ Kayizeri tɛtʊ taa, Anatoli egeetiye taa, peeɖe wɛ Turkii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛsɩba Kɔnsɩtantinoplɩ tɛtʊ taa kɛ pɩnaɣ 1588 ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 98. Ɛkɛ Amenii tʊ nɛ ɛlaba tʊmɩyɛ kɛ pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ XVI nɛ XVII taa. Pɩɩkɛna alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa papaaza ciŋgilinaa kɩfama maʊ yɔ. 

Nɔɔyʊ tapazɩ ɛkɛdɩ camɩyɛ kpayɩ kpayɩ kɛ Mimar Sinan yɔɔ tɔm. Ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɖɔɖɔ kɛ mbʊ yɔ, ɛtama ɛ-yɔɔ tɔm natʊyʊ kɛ ɖoli. Nabayɩ yɔɔdʊ se ɛkɛ Albanɛzi tʊ, Ameni tʊ, Gɩrɛkɩ tʊ yaa Turkii taa ɛyʊ. Pɔyɔɔdʊ-tʊ pɩlɩɩna takayɩ ndɩ ndɩ nzɩ panaɣ yɔ, ɛlɛ nabʊyʊ taa lɛ, pamaɣmaɣ pɛkpɛna ɖama. Ɛ-ñma kɛ Kristu mba, ɛlɛ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ ɛzɩ 7 nɛ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ 17 lɛ, peeɖe malɩn ñʊʊdʊ nɔɔyʊ tɩɩ nɛ pakp-ɩ nɛ ɖoŋ nɛ pasʊzɩ malɩŋ ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ taa. Pɩtɛ alɩwaatʊ lɛ, pɩɩkɛna-wɛ paɣtʊ kɛnɛ.

Ɛ-cɔlɔ kɛ ciŋgilinaa maʊ kɩfam lɩwa. Paatasʊʊ-wɛ maʊ nɛ ɩwɛɛna kolonzɩ yʊʊʊ yɔ ɛlɛ pamaɣ-ɩ lɛ, pɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ putuuɖe hɔɔlʊʊ yɔ. Ɛma ciŋgilinaa mba yɔ pɔɖɔɔ nɛ ɛzɩma ɛwɛɛ ɛmaɣ wɛ pʊɖʊɔʊ nɛ pʊɖɔʊ lɛ, ɛkɔɔ ɛcɔna se ɛpɩzʊ ɛlɛɛzɩ matʊ. Piyebina ɛɖʊ tamaɣ se ɛpɩzʊ ɛɖʊ keɣye sɔsɔyɛ nɛ etuzi kolonzi nɛ ɛsɔzɩ mondola pɔŋ. Mbʊ ɛlaba nɛ ciŋgilinaa taa mʊndʊsʊʊ tasɩ wɛʊ nɛ pɩdakɩlɩ cɩkpɛndʊ ɛzɩ ɖooo lɛ yɔ.

Mbʊ pɩtasɩ Mimar Sinam hɩɖɛ kpazʊ yɔ kɛlɛ se e-nisi tɛɛ kaawɛ yʊŋ kamaɣ fɛyɩ, ɛwɛɛna ñʊʊ taa lɔŋ ɖɔɖɔ camɩyɛ. Pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, e-wezu caɣʊ tɩŋga taa ɛɛsɔɔla se ɛwɛʊ ɛsɔzʊ keɖewa kɛ mbʊ ɛlakɩ yɔ pɩtɩŋga pɩdaa. Mbʊ yebina kuduyuŋ maʊ kpalaahusi nzɩ palʊwaɣ ɖooo Otimanɩ alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ, ɛla nɛ tɩkpa nɛɛsɔdaa kɛ pɩtɛ alɩwaatʊ. Ɛ-sɩm wayɩ mba palʊlʊwaɣ kpalahusi ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, pɩsɩna-wɛ nɛ pakpaɣ ɛ-tɩlɩtʊ ndʊ nɛ pɩsɩŋna-wɛ.
Ɛ-tʊmlaɖaa taa-taa kɔyɔ Sedefhar Mehmet Ağa. E-sukuli pɩɣa kɛnɛ, Turki kewiyaɣ ñʊʊdʊ,Ahmet 1er pɔza se pama-ɩ ciŋgili nakʊyʊ lɛ, ɛnʊ mana-kʊ camɩyɛ yuulee kɛ Sophie Kiɖeɖeu kpaaŋ ɛsɩnda pɩnzɩ 1609 nɛ 1616 taa.
Socrate

Socrate kɛna lɔnsɩnɖɛ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ sɔsɔ nɔɔɔyʊ kɛ ɖooo caanaʊ taa pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ V taa pʊcɔ palʊlʊʊ yesu. Palʊla-ɩ pɩnzɩ 470 nɛ 469 taa kɛ Alopɛsɩ nɛ ɛsɩ pɩnaɣ 399 Atɛnɩ tɛtʊ taa. Ɛ-lɩmaaɣzɩm sɔsɔm kɔyɔ: maɣzʊ ɖɔnɛ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ, sɔɔlɩm, ɖenɖe ɛyʊ lɩmaɣza lɩʊna yɔ, mukuu yɔɔdaɣ, tɩlɩtʊ nɛ ɛyʊ camɩyɛ lakasɩ.

Ñʊʊdaa lɔnsɩnɖɛ kpɛlɛkɩya mba paawɛna Socrate yɔɔ ɖoŋ yaa mba pɔ-tɔm kaakɩla-ɩ kɛdɩnaʊ yɔ, pa-taa kɔyɔ: Anaxagore de Clazomènes, Prodicos de Céos, Parménide. Piyele mba pɔ-yɔɔ ɛɛwɛna ɖoŋ yaa mba paakɩlɩ ɛ-tɔm sɔɔlʊʊ yɔ, papa yɔ: Platon, Aristote, Xénophon, Antisthène nɛ mba paasɔɔla ɛ-tɔm yɔ nɛ pɩkɩlɩna tuuɖe ajɛya taa lɔnsɩnɖɛ kpɛlɛkɩya.

Payaɣ Socrate caa se Sophronisque nɛ e-ɖoo kɔyɔ Phainarète. Ɛ-caa kaakɛ sɩʊkpelasɩ nɛ kaaŋ saɣyʊ piyele e-ɖoo ñaakɛ halɩlʊlʊsɩyʊ. Ɛ-ɖoo hɩɖɛ, Phénarète, ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ se mbʊ pɩlɩzʊ camɩyɛlakasɩ nɛ nabayɩ tɔŋ se e-ɖoo hɩɖɛ nɖɩ nɛ ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ kɛna lubu tɔm ndʊ ppama se pɩwɩlɩ ndʊ Socrate kaayɔda pɩlŋa tɔm ndʊ ɛpɔzaɣ e-sukuli pɩya nɛ ɛmʊyʊsʊ-wɛ nɛ pamaɣmaɣ palɩzʊ ndʊ paasɩma nɛ paalɩzʊ-tʊ yɔ. 

E-ɖoo kaatɛma walʊ nɛ pʊcɔ ɛwalʊ Socrate caa. Ɛɛwɛna walʊ kɩpɩnʊ cɔlɔ pɩɣa kʊɖʊmaɣ nɛpayaɣ-kɛ se Patroclès. Nabayɛ yɔɔdʊ se Sorate wɛna halaa naalɛ: Xanthippe nɛ Myrto nɛ pɩya naalɛ ɖɔɖɔ: Lamproclès nɛ Ménexène. Ɛlɛ Platon nɛ Xénophon yɔ, ɛwɛna halaa naalɛ ɛlɛ kacalaɣ ñɩnʊ, Xanthippe kɛ ɛwɛna pɩya naatozo:  Lamproclès, kacalaɣ tʊ, Sophronisque nɛ Ménexène. Pɔyɔɔdʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ se piya evelesi hɛʊ Socrate tɛɛ yem nɛ ɛɛwɛna hɩmpatʊ kamaɣ fɛyɩ.

Platon yɔɔdʊ Socrate tɔm se ɛkɛna kʊñɔndʊ ɛlɛ Xénophon ñɛkpɛʊna-ɩ nɛ ɛtɔŋ se pɩtɛkɛ kʊñɔndʊtʊ ɛlɛ pɩlɩna ɖenɖe ɛpaafɛyɩna ñɩm yɔ. Ɛ-lɩmazɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ kɛlɛ se ɛkpɛlɩ lɔnzɩnɖɛ. Ɛsʊ sɔɔjɛtʊ nɛ eyo you kɛ Peloponɛzi, Krɛsɩ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ tɛtʊ taa. Poyowa yoŋ ɩnʊ naŋgbanzɩ nɛ malɩfanaa mba pasʊkaɣ-wɛ yɔ, pɛwɛ yʊŋ hɛmmm. Pɩnzɩ 5 wayɩ kɛ panɩnaɣ se pakʊyɩ nɛ pɛcɛtɩ ɛ-yɔɔ kɛ tɔm sakɩyɛ. Kacalaɣ lɛ se ɛɛsɛʊ kewiyaɣ  ɖʊ paɣtʊ se pɛsɛɛ ɛsɔ weyi yɔ. 

Nabʊlɛ se ɛkɔŋna ɛsɔnaa kɩfama nɛ lɛɛtʊ kɛlɛ se epeezu evebiya nɛ pɛlaa nɛ patɩŋgʊ ɛ-wayɩ. Pɩɩkɛna lakɩŋ nɛ mɩsɩkʊm fenasɩ taa pɩnaɣ -399. Mba patɩna ɛyʊʊ taa ñaɖʊ ŋgʊ pɛkpɛnda 3: Anytos, Mélétos nɛ Lycon. Ɛ-tɔm hʊya kaawɛ 501 nɛ pa-taa 280 kaasɔɔla se paɖʊ-ɩ sɩm nɛ 221 ñekizina. Kacalaɣ cɛtɩm tɔm tʊnɛ, ɛzɩma Socrate kaawɛ nɛ eetisu ɛsɔ nɔɔyʊ yɔɔ yɔ, pʊyɔɔ. 

Pɩla mbʊ nɛ paɖɩ-ɩ kpasɩ nɛ paɖʊ-ɩ salaka nɛ ɛla peeɖe fenaɣ. Evemiye talaa lɛ, pɛcɛlɛ-ɩ pɛtʊ yaa sɔtʊ, siigu nɛ ɛñʊʊ nɛ etizi fezu. Ɛñɔ sɔtʊ ndʊ kɛ Apollodore de Phalère, Criton nɛ ɛ-ɛyaa sɩmaa Critobule, Hermogène, Épigénès, Eschine, Antisthène, Ménexène, Ctésippos de Péanie nɛ nabayɩcabɩ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa. Socrate tisu se ɛsɩ sɩm mbʊ yɔ, ɛñanaa se ɛwɩlɩ se camɩyɛ lakasɩ kila weewee kɛ wesu. 

Socrate
Steve Biko

Steve Biko kɛna Afrika hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa tʊ Palʊla-ɩ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ 18 pɩnaɣ 1946 kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se King William's Town yɔ. Ɛsɩkaɣ lɛ, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 30 yeke pɩnaɣ 1977. Pɩɩkɛnasalaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 12 wiye. Pretooriyaa tɛtʊ taa kɛ ɛsɩba, Afrika hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Palʊla-ɩ se payawaɣ-ɩ se Stephen Bantu Biko. Ɛzɩ Nelson Mandela yɔ, Steve Biko kɛna weyi ɛlʊba camɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ se lɛɛzʊ mbʊ pɩɩwɛ Afrika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ peeɖe nɛ ɛyaa kʊhʊlʊma nɛ kɩkpɛɛdaa paakaɣ mɩsɣ yɔ, pɛkpɛndɩ mɩzaɣ nɛ pɔtɔɔ ñanaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ taa. Pɩnaɣ 1963, ɛlɛ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 23 kɛ pakpa ɛ-ɖalʊ nɛ paɖʊ-ɩ salaka mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, ɛlʊkaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se anasayɩnaa nɛ ɛyaa kɩkpɛdaa pataacɩ ɖama. Pɩlaba mbʊ lɛ, ɛtɩlɔʊ ɛ-lʊɖɛ nɖɩ. 

Ɛmʊ e-sukuli kɩtɛzʊ takayaɣ lɛ, ɛsʊʊ sukuli pɩya sɔsaɣa ɖɩwɩlɩyɛ nɛ ɛla ɖakʊtanaa sukuli kɛ natalɩ tɛtʊ taa. Sukuli ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Natalɩ tɛtʊ taa. Peeɖe lɔŋsɩnɖaa laba kediizaɣ nakayɩ nɛ palɩzɩ-se ɛkɛna pɔ-nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʊ kɛ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se SUSUS yɔ. Ŋgbɛyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ se Afrika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ sukuli piya kpeekpe kɩkpɛndʊ. Ɛzɩma ɛkɛ ɛyʊ kɩkpɛdʊ lɛ, NUSAS lɩmaɣza lɛ, ɛlɩ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa. Pɩɩkɛna pɩnaɣ 1968. Ɛlɩ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ɛtʊlʊ ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɛyaa kɩkpɛɛdaa ɖeke wɛna ɖɩ-taa ɛlɛ pataɖaŋga kʊhʊlʊm nɔɔyʊ se ɛtaasʊ, SASO. Ŋgbɛyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩɩlakɩ yamyam lakasɩ ɛlɛ ɖama nɩnaʊ. 

Pɩnaɣ 1972 taa pekizina ɛyaa mba pɛwɛ ɖɩ-taa nɛ peyeki paɖʊ taabalɩyɛ nɛ mba pɔtɔyɩtʊ ɛyaa kɩkpɛdaa yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1973 ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa sukulinaa sakɩyɛ tɛma Steve Biko ŋgbɛyɛ tɔbʊʊ. Pɩkpaɣna mbʊ nɛ pɔcɔŋna ɛ-ŋgbɛyɩ nɖɩ ɛzɩ yamyam ñɩnɖɛ yɔ. Paɖaŋgɩ-ɩ se pɩtatasɩ pɩh-ɩ waɖɛ se ɛyɔɔdɩ natʊyʊ samaɣ hɛkʊ ya ɛyɔɔdɩna pɩɖɛɛ ɛyʊ kʊɖʊm yɔɔ kpɛndɛ. Pɩnaɣ 1976, mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ taa, pɩkɛɛda lɛ yamayam lakasɩ paɣzɩ labʊ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ sukulinaa taa paawɩlʊ kʊɖʊmtʊ. Ɛyaa kʊhʊlɩmaa tɛ wɛna hɔɔlʊ nɛ kɩkpɛdaa. Ciidu mbʊ pɩ-taa kɛ Soweto hiu sɩm. Biko ñɛwɛ mɛɛsaɣ tɛɛ nɛ ɛlakɩ ɖama kpɛndʊ tʊmɩyɛ. 

Ɛkpaɣ kɩyakɩŋ 101 nɛ ɛcɔʊ Kap-Oriyantalɩ. Ɛcɔʊ taa kɛ ɛɖʊ tabalɩyɛ nɛ aseɣɖe tɔm heyiyu Donald Woods, ɛlɛ kaɣna ɛ-tɔm maʊ. Kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ 18 pɩnaɣ 1977 sɔɔjanaa kpa Biko powona-ɩ Port Elizabeth pawɩlɩ-ɩ ñaŋ pʊcɔ patana-ɩ Pretoriya kɛ salaŋ fenaɣ 11 pɩnaɣ 1977. Tɛʊ fema lɛ, Biko tisa fesuu. Eyeba ɛ-wayɩ kɛ lelu, Ntsiki Mashalaba nɛ piya 5: Nkosinathi Biko, Samora Biko, Lerato Biko, Motlatsi Biko, Hlumelo Biko.
Vasco da Gama

Vasco da Gama kɛ Pɔrtigalɩ tʊ. Palʊla-ɩ ɛzɩ pɩnaɣ 1469 yɔ kɛ Sini tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛsɩ saŋgayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 24 wiye pɩnaɣ 1524 kɛ Ɛndɩ tɛtʊ taa. Ɛkɛna lɩm yɔɔ nʊmɔwoɖʊ nɛ ɛnʊ kɛna kacalaɣ tʊ weyi ɛtalɩ Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ pɩnaɣ 1498 yɔ. Ɛɛtɩŋna Kap de Pɔɔnɩ Ɛsɩperansɩ. Ɛ-caa kɛ Pɔrɩtigalɩ tʊ nɛ payaɣ-ɩ se Estêvão de Gama nɛ e-ɖoo kɔyɔ d'Isabel Sodré nɛ ɛlɛ kɛ Aŋgilisi tʊ. Ɛ-ñɩma wɛna abalɩpɩya kagbanzɩ. Mbayɔ: Paulo da Gama, João Sodré, Vasco de Gama, Pedro da Gama nɛ Buenos da Gama nɛ halɩbʊwa kʊɖʊmaɣ: Teresa da Gama. 

Mbʊ pasɩma Vasco da Gama pɩcatʊ yɔɔ yɔ pɩtakɩlɩ ɖɔʊ ɛlɛ pɩwɛ ɛzɩ Pɔrɩtigalɩ caanaʊ tɔm mayʊ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Teixeira de Aragão yɔ, ɛtɔŋ se Vasco da Gama laba akɔnta nɛ lɩm yɔɔ ɖɔm sukuli kɛ Evora tɛtʊ taa. Ɛkpɛlɩka tinzɩ ɖɔnɛ wɛtʊ kɛ Abraham Zacuto cɔlɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1480 taa Santiyago wiyao, Jean II ya Vasco da Gama nɛ ɛɖʊ-ɩ tʊmɩyɛ se ewolo Setubali kitiiliŋ yɔɔ nɛ Algravi nɛ  ɛkpa Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ kpɩyɩŋ weyi ɛwɛɛɛɖʊzʊ Pɔrtigalɩ lanhɛzɩ alɩwaatʊ taa yɔɔ. Kpɛdɛɛ taa mbʊ yɔ Vasco da Gama tɛma tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ labʊ. 

Pɩnaɣ 1497 taa Pɔrtigalɩ ɛjaɖɛ wiyao, Henri le Navigateur tiya Vasco da Gama kaawɛ kpɩyɩŋ naanza nɔɔ yɔɔ nɛ ewolo Afrika kitiiliŋ yɔɔ nɛ ekuu ñɩm mbʊ ɛnaɣ yɔ. Ñɩm mbʊ pɩtaa kɔyɔ: sika, yomaa, tuŋ kela, tɩŋ kɔɖɩyɛ, sʊsɩ ndɩ ndɩ.
Vincent van Gogh

**Vincent Willem van Gogh** kɛ Neyɛlandɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tʊ. Palʊla-ɩ lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ kʊkʊyʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1853 kɛ Krut Zunda. Peyi-Ba ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛsɩ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣkɩyakʊ 29 wiye pɩnaɣ 1890 kɛ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 37 nɛ pepima-i ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe. Palʊla-ɩ lɛ payawaɣ-ɩ se Vincent Willem van Gogh. Ɛkɛ tɔlɩm tayʊ nɛ kɩlɛmɩŋ yaa anjaʊna lɩzɩyʊ. Pruksɛlɩ nɛ Anvɛrɩ tɛrʊ taa kɛ ɛkpɛlaka ɛ-tʊma nɛ ewɩlɩyaa sʊsa kɔyɔ Anton Mauve nɛ Constantinus Cornelis Huysmans. 

Sɔdɩŋ weyi ɛcʊɖa-ɩ pɩkɩlɩ yɔ ɩ-taa kɔyɔ: Jean-François Millet, Rembrandt, Frans Hals, Anton Mauve, Eugène Delacroix, Adolphe Monticelli nɛHiroshige. Payaɣ Vincent van Gogh se Theodorus van Gogh piyele e-ɖoo kɔyɔ Anna Cornelia Carbentus. Kacalaɣ taa lɛ, ɛɛsɔɔla se ɛpɩsɩ siʊkpelesi pɛdɩyʊ ɛlɛ ɛtapɩzɩ. Pʊwa yɩ lɛ ɛsɔɔlɩ se ɛkɛ ɛsɔtɔm  wɩlɩyʊ ɛlɛ ɛwɛɛ ɛtɔlʊʊ Ɛsɔ tɔm maɣzɩm tɩŋga. Mbʊ yebina pɩnaɣ 1880 taa lɛ, ɛtɛzɩ kpɛlɛkʊ tɔlɩm taʊ. 

Pɩnzɩ nzɩ sɩ-taa kɛ ɛkʊyɩ Peyi-Ba nɛ ewolo Pɛlziki nɛ Fransɩ ajɛya taa. Ɛ-tʊma wena ɛlaba yɔ, tɔlɩm taʊ nɛ kɩlɛmɩŋ yaa anjaʊna lɩzɩyʊ kɛ mbʊ yɔ, nɔɔyʊ tɛkpɛlɛkɩ-ɩ. Ɛɛsɔɔla ɛ-tʊma camɩyɛ  pʊyɔɔ kɛ ɛɛwɛɛ ɛcɛyʊ ɛ-tɩ nɛ ɛñɩnʊʊ se ɛtɩlɩ ɛtɛ alɩwaatʊ tɩtaa siukpelasi nɛ kɩlɛmɩŋ tʊbʊ. Ɛɛsɔla wobu nɛ ɛnaɣ lona wena a-taa pasɩwaɣ siukpelasi nɛ caanaʊ taa wondu ndɩ ndɩ yɔ. Ɛɛsɔɔlaa ɖɔɖɔ se ɛnɛ mba pataɣ tɔlɩm nɛ palɩzʊ siukpelasi yɔ pɔsɔzʊ ɖama lɔŋ. E-wezu caɣʊ wɛyɩ ɖeyi ɖeyi nɛ pɩwɛ-ɩ ɛzɩ ñamñam yɔ mbʊ yebina ɛkʊ ɛ-tɩ yem kɛ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣkɩyakʊ 29 wiye pɩnaɣ 1890, pɩnzɩ 37 taa.
Tɛtʊ putuuɖe

Tɛtʊ putuuɖe kɛna ɛzɩma paliza tɛtʊ keteŋga ɖeyi ɖeyi yɔ. Tɛtʊ putuuɖe ɖɩnɛ pɩkɛkɛ ezɩ palɩza tɛtʊ ɛzɩma tɩwɛ kɛɛkɛ yɔ, ɛlɛ palɩza tɩtɩŋga putuuɖe cikpeɖe naɖɩyɛ ñɩɩɩ yɔɔ. Ñɩnɩyaa mba palɩza tɛtʊ putuuɖe nɖɩ pɩwɛ tindima naalɛ taa. Kacalaɣ taa lɛ, tɛtʊ tɛlɛnzi lɩzɩyaa nɛ nabʊlɛ taa lɛ tɛlɛnzɩ nzɩ sɩ-takayɩsɩ kalʊʊ mabɩyaa. 

Tɛtʊ tɛlɛnzi lɩzɩyaa lɩzʊ nɛ pɛtɛ ɛlɛ peyebina takayɩsɩ kalʊʊ mabɩyaa nɛ pɔcɔna sɩ-taa kɛ camɩyɛ nɛ pakpɩyɩna-ɖama nɛ pɔcɔna nɛ pana se tɛlɛnzɩ nzɩ sɩkɩla ñɔtɩnaʊ kɛ teevenim. Tɛtʊ putuuɖe ɖɩnɛ, ɖɩwɛ ndɩ nɛ mbʋ payaɣ size ɛsɔkaɣ yaa yɔ. Tɛtʊ putuuɖe wondu lɛɛtʋ kɔyɔ: ajɛya nɛ a-yɔɔ wondu nɛ lɩm.
Theresa May

Theresa May kɛna Pritaniki ɛjaɖɛ taa kɩpaɣlʊ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ. Ɛwɛ paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa tɛ pɩlɩʊ taa ɖooo agoza fenaɣ kacalaɣ ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1997. Palʊla-ɩ aloma fenaɣ kacalaɣ ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1956 kɛ Istburni, Pritaniki ɛjaɖɛ taa. Payaɣ ɛ-caa se Hubert Brasier (1917-1981) nɛ e-ɖoo kɔyɔ de Zaidee Mary (1928-1982). Ɛ-ñɩma cɔlɔ lɛ, eɖeke palʊlaa. Ɛ-caa kɛ layʊ sɔsɔ kɛ Aŋgilkani cɔɔcɩ kpaamɩŋ taa Aŋgilitɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. E-ɖoo kaakɛ weyi ɛma nʊkɔyʊ kpam kɛ kewiyaɣ lɩmaɣzɛ tiŋga payɩ yɔ. Theresa May wɛna pɩnzɩ 25 lɛ, ɛ-ñɩma sɩ: lɔɔɖɩyɛ kɛ ɛ-caa hiuna kɛkpɛdɛsaɣ nɛ pʊtɔcɔ piyele e-ɖoo yɔ, kʊdɔŋ nakʊyʊ ɛsɩbɩnaa. Pɩlabayɩ nɛ e-hola ɛɛtasʊʊ ɖɔm camɩyɛ. 

Paawona-ɩ Heytrɔpi sukuli cikpelu taa kɛ Oxford tɛtʊ taa pʊcɔ powokɩna-ɩ halipiya sukuli taa kɛ Juliana sukuli taa. Sukuli kʊnɛ katolika ŋgbɛyɛ tʊlɩna-kʊ. Ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 13 lɛ, ɛsʊ sukuli kɛtɛzʊ taa Hɔltoni. Pawayɩ lɛ, ɛmʊ sukuli kɩtɛzʊ takayaɣ nɛ ɛsʊʊ sukuli piya sɔsa kpɛlɛkʊ sukuli taa kɛ Oxford. Peeɖe ɛpaɣzɩ ɛwɛɛ pɩlɩʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa pɛkpɛlɛkʊ tɛtʊ wɛtʊ taa tʊʊzʊʊ yɔ. Peeɖe pɩtɩŋna taabalʊ nɔɔyʊ yɔ, Benazir Bhutto, nɛ ɛnɛ Philip May pɔɖɔŋ ɛgbaadɩyɛ nɛ pɔkɔɔ pɛwɛɛ ɖama cɔlɔ. Pɛfɛyɩna pʊɣa.

Ɛzɩ e-ɖoo yɔ, Theresa May kɛ weyi ɛma nʊkɔyʊ kpam kɛ kewiyaɣ lɩmaɣzɛ tiŋga payɩ yɔ. Palaba caca se palɩzɩ Pritaniki ɛjaɖɛ taa paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa lɛ, ɛsɩɩ ɛ-takayaɣ nɛ palɩzɩ-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Paɖa-ɩ lɩzʊ agoza fenaɣ kacalaɣ wiye pɩnaɣ 1997. Pɩnzɩ 4 wayɩ ɖɔɖɔ, mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 7 pɩnaɣ 2001 patasɩ-ɩ lɩzʊ. Ɛsʊʊ komina taa yɔ, ɛtalɩda. Pɔtɔʊ cacanaa nɛ palɩzʊ-ɩ lɩzʊ mbʊ yɔ mbʊ yɔ: agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 5 pɩnaɣ 2005, agoza fenaɣ 6 wiye pɩnaɣ 2010, agoza fenaɣ 7 pɩnaɣ 215, mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ 8 ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 2017 nɛ saŋgayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 12 pɩnaɣ 2019.

Ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ kewiyaɣ ñʊʊtʊ kpaɣ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 13 pɩnaɣ 2016 pɩsɩɩna hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ 24 wiye pɩnaɣ 2019. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se ɛlaba pɩnzɩ 3 nɛ fenasɩ 11. David Cameron alɩwaatʊ tɛmna nɛ palɩzɩ-ɩ se ɛkɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa kewiyaɣ ñʊʊtʊ.  Theresa May ñɩndʊ tɛma lɛ, Boris Johnson kɛ palɩzaa yɔ. Agoza fenaɣ 12 wiye pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paalɩza-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ se ɛkɛna ministri weyi ɛcɔŋna halʊ nɛ ɛ-waɖɛ pa-kandayʊ yɔɔ yɔ.
Thomas Edison

Thomas Edison kɛ Amerika keteŋga taa tʊ. Palʊla-ɩ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 11 wiye pɩnaɣ 1847 kɛ Milaŋ egeetiye taa, Ohiyo tɛtʊ taa. Ɛsɩba aloma fenaɣ 18 pɩnaɣ 1931 kɛ Niwu Jɛrsii tɛtʊ taa ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 84. Palʊla-ɩ lɛ, paya-ɩ se Thomas Alva Edison. Ɛ-tʊma sɔsɔna kɔyɔ: ñɩnʊʊ, kuduyiŋ bsɔsɔŋ maʊ kpalahusi lʊʊ, akɔnta labʊ, manzʊmalɩɩ, lɩzɩyʊ yaa luɖu, lakasɩ nasɩyɛ lakɩ lakɩ waa tɛlɛnzɩ maʊ nɛ kuduyiŋ maʊ. Ɛkɛ latriki miŋ caɖɩyɛ kacalaɣ tʊ kɛ keteŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ. Ɛnʊ lɩzɩna laadriki miŋ caɖɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩhaɣ mʊndʊsɩ ŋgʊ palakɩna kʊ-tʊmɩyɛ nɛ ñɩɣtʊ yɔ. Ɛya ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ General Electric. Mɩŋ caɖɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ keteŋga kpeekpe taa ñɩɩtʊ tʊma labʊ mbʊ pɩkɩla ɖoŋ yɔ. 

Payaɣ ɛ-caa se Samuel Ogden Edison (1804-1896) nɛ e-ɖoo kɔyɔ Nancy Elliott (1810-1871). Ɛ-caa kɛ Kanadaa ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyʊ nɛ ɛɛlɩna Neyɛrlandi taa. Ɛ-caa kaase Kanada mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, ɛɛwɛ tɛtɛ ceɣsi nzɩ sɩɩkɔna yam yam lakasɩ kɛ pɩnzɩ 1837-1838 taa yɔ. E-ɖoo Elliot kaakɛna Kanada tʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɛlɛ ɛlɩna Ekɔsi ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛlɛñaakɛna sukuli cikpeluu taa wɩlɩyʊ. Thomas wɛna halaa naalɛ: Mary Stilwell  (1871-1884) nɛ Mina Miller (de 1886-1931). Thomas Alva Edison kɛŋna pɩɣa lubɛ ŋga nɛ ɛkɛ tɩnɩʊ kɛ ɛ-caa cɔlɔ. 

Pɩnaɣ 1887 ehiu liidiya ɛzɩ tɔɔlaarɩnaa 40 000 pɩlɩɩna ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɛlɩza nɛ ɛyʊ pɩzʊ ɛma lɛlʊ kɛ takayaɣ polindaa yɔ. E-liidiye nɖɩ, nɖɩ ɛtʊlɩna ɛ-ñɩɩtʊ pɩsɩʊ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ ɛyaa-ɖɩ se Menlo Park. Ɛnɛ ñɩnɩya ɛzɩ 60 yɔ palakaɣna tʊmɩyɛ ɛlɛ ɛhɛyaɣ-wɛ. Ɛcɔŋgaɣna tʊma ɛzɩ 40 yɔɔ yɔ ɖama yɔɔ. Pʊyɔɔ kɛ paɖʊ-ɩ hɩɖɛ nɛ pɛcɛlɛ-ɩ Amerika taa camɩyɛ tʊma labʊ yaa lubu takayɩsɩ ɛzɩ 1 093 yɔ. Thomas Edison wɛ ɛ-ɖɩwɩlɩyɛ nɛ eɖou ñɩɩtʊ 4 ɖeke evemiye taa. Ɛmaɣmaɣ ɛyɔɔda se ɛpɩzʊ ɛwɛɛna ɛsɛ ɛzɩ kɩyakɩŋ naalɛ yaa paa naatozo, piiheɣ-i natʊyʊ.

Keteŋga kpeekpe you kacalaɣ ñɩŋgʊ lɩwa lɛ, ɛnɛ ɛ-tʊmlaɖaa polukaɣna malɩfanaa sɔsa nɛ pɛcɛlʊ yoya. Pɩnaɣ 1930, ɛlɛ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 83 nɛ ɛñɩnʊʊ tɩŋ 17 000 yɔɔ se ɛlɩzɩ pɩ-kɔɖɩyɛ. Pɩnaɣ ŋga ɛzɩ ɛ-kpaagbaɣ lubu takayaɣ. Pɩnaɣ 1931, ŋgʊ ɛ-sɛ kaasɛna ɛ-tʊma kɛ Wɛstɩ Oranje lɛ, etisi fezu, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 84.
Thomas Sankara

Thomas Sankara kɛ Purkina Faso ɛjaɖɛ taa sɔdʊʊ sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ. Palʊla-ɩ saŋgayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 21 pɩnaɣ 1949 nɛ ɛsɩ aloma fenaɣ 15 wiye pɩnaɣ 1987 ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 37. Palʊila-ɩ Yako tɛtʊ taa, Hoti Fɔlɩtaa nɛ pakʊ-ɩ Wagaadugu, Purkina Faso ɛjaɖɛ taa. Palʊla-ɩ lɛ payaɣwaɣ-ɩ se Thomas Isidore Noël Sankara nɛ ɛsɛ hɩɖɛ se Le Che Guevara Africain. Payaɣ ɛ-halʊ se Mariam Sermé nɛ pɛwɛna pɩya naalɛ: Philippe Sankara nɛ e-neu Auguste Sankara.  Ɛ-caa kɛ fulaani nɛ e-ɖoo kɛ Mɔɔsɔ tʊ. Pɛ-kɛ Kristu mba. Ɛ-caa kaakɛ sɔɔja nɛ paasɩ-ɩ ɖakʊtanaa tʊmɩyɛ ɖɩlaɖɛ nɛ  keteŋga kpeekpe you naalɛ ŋgʊ taa kɛ pakpa-ɩ nɛ paɖʊ-ɩ salaka. 

 
Sankara laba ɛ-hɛkʊ taa sukuli kɛ Ouezzin Coulibaly sukuli taa kɛ Poobo-Tiyolaso nɛ ɛ-sukuli kɛtɛzʊ kɛ Wagadʊgʊ. E-sukuli labʊ taa payɩ ɛɖʊwaɣ taabalɩyɛ nɛ tuuɖe ɛyaa kʊhʊlʊma piya. Cɔɔcɩ taa ɛɖʊwaɣ lɩm kɛ layʊ (fada) ɛlɛ ekiza se ɛɛlakɩ fadanaa tʊmɩyɛ. Ɛzɩ Blaise Compaoré ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ɛlaba sɔɔjɛɛtʊ sukuli kɛ Yawʊnde, Kameruni ɛjaɖɛ taa pʊcɔ ɛpɩsɩ sɔɔjanaa mba palɩʊna ɛsɔɔtaa lɔɔɖa taa nɛ pamaɣ yɔ. Ɛɛwɛ Nahuri, Marɔkɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, ɛnɛ Henri Zongo, Boukary Kabore, Blaise Compaoré et Jean-Baptiste Boukary Lingani palɩza ɖama nɩnaʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɛ payaɣ-ɖɩ se ROC.

Thomas Sankara kaakɛ Hoti Vɔltaa, ɖenɖe payaɣ sɔnɔ se Purkina Faso yɔ peeɖe ɛjaɖɛ taa sɔdʊʊ sɔɔʊ nakʊyʊ. Ɛkɛna weyi ɛlʊba se tuuɖe ajɛya taa sʊsa ɛɛtaakɔ nɛ pɛlɛɣzɩ pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ lɩmaɣza yɔ, weyi ɛlʊkɩ se ɛ-jaɖɛ ɛlɛɛzɩ nɛ ɖɩɖɛɛ nɛ ɛsɩndaa yɔ, ɛsɔɔla kandʊ ɛ-samaɣ ñɩm nɛ ka-lɩmaaza yɔɔ nɛ ɛkɛ weyi ɛsɔɔla Afrika ilemiye ɛyaa kpeekpe lɩmaɣza kɩkpɛndʊʊ. Sankara kɛŋna Purkina Faso ɛjaɖɛ taa kacalaɣ tʊ weyi ediya ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ kɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɖɩcala paɣzʊ se ɖɩɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa yɔ. Pɩɩkɛna kɩyɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 4 wiye pɩnaɣ 1983 pɩsɩɩna aloma fenaɣ 15 ŋgʊ pɩnaɣ 1987 kɛ ɛɛkɛna ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ. 

Pɩnzɩ naanza waa mba pa-taa ɛlʊba kpem ɛnɛ lʊbɩyɛ aŋgba ndɩ ndɩ se pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ ɛɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa. Pɩla mbʊ lɛ, ɛñɑɣ pana nɛ ɛlɛɛzɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-hɩɖɛ nɖɩ tuuɖe ajɛya taa ɖɩ-ñʊŋ yɔɔ caɣya kaaya se Hoti Fɔlta nɛ Purkina Faso. Hɩɖɛ kɩfaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ, ɖɩlɩna moore nɛ diula kʊnʊmɩŋ taa nɛ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se Maananɛmɛɛsɛɛ ɛyaa ɛjaɖɛ yaa Ɛjaɖɛ ndɩ paapeɣzu ɖɩ-ɩyaa nɛ nabʊyʊ yɔ yaa ɖɔɖɔ samɣ (halaa) yomiye taa lɩʊ. Ɛtɛlɛm waa nabayɩ kʊna-ɩ nɛ Blaise Compaoré kpaɣ kpelaɣ aloma fenaɣ 15 wiye pɩnaɣ 1987. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ wɛ Afrika mba tɩŋga nʊndaa pɩkɩlɩna Purkina Faso evebiya nɛ pɛlaa tɩŋga ñʊndaa. Nɔɔyʊ ɛɛkaɣ sɔʊ sɔdʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩsɛ hɩɖɛ se « Che Guevara africain » yɔ ɛ-yɔɔ ɛzɩ sɖʊʊ lɛɛkʊ, Patrice Lumumba ɖɔɖɔ yɔ.
Kɔnɛkɩtiikuti

Kɔnɛkɩtiikuti kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. 
Kɔnɛkɩtiikuwitii taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Haatɩfɔɔr nɛ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Priijipɔɔr.

Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ Kɔnɛkɩtiikuwitii nɛ tɩta yɔ tɩɖɔɔ nɛ Ajɛya wena-ɖɩ nɛ ata yɔ anaa yɔ: wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Rood islandii, hayʊ kiŋ lɛ, Masasuzɛɛttɩ piyel Niwu Yɔɔrkin ñɛwɛna kamaɣ yɔɔ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa.
Pamaza Kɔnɛkɩtiikuwiti ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 14 371 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñbɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 12 560 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 181 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 12,60 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe maɣna ɛzɩ 134 853 km2 yɔ. 

Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ kagbaanzɩ ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ nkʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1788. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa 3 574 097                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                yɔ nɛ yee pakalɩʊ ɛyaa kɛ kilomɛtanaa yɔɔ kɔyɔ, panaɣ-wɛ ɛzɩ 29 yɔ. 
Payaɣ Kɔnɛktiikuwitii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Dan Malloy piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Chris Murphy nɛ Richard Blumenthal.
Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ lɛ aŋgilisi.
Armandir Sahib

Armandir Sahib kɛna ɛsɔ sɛtʊ kpaaŋ nakʊyʊ nɛ kɩwɛ Ɛndɩ tɛtʊ taa. Payaɣ-kʊ ɖɔɖɔ se Ñɩɣlɩm Ɛsɔsɛtʊ Kpaaŋ nɛ pʊtɔbʊ se Ɛsɔsɛtʊ Kpaaŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-hɩɖɛ kpa ɛsɔtaa yɔ. Ɛsɔsɛtʊ kpaaŋ kʊnɛ, ŋgʊ kɛŋna Ɛndɩ tɛtʊ taa ɛgeetiye nɖɩ  paya-ɖɩ  se Siksi yɔ ɖɩ-taa Ɛsɔsɛtʊ kpaaŋ sɔsɔʊ nɛ kɩwɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Amricaarɩ yɔ tɩ-taa. Hɩɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩlɩna ɖenɖe ɛzɩ pata ɛsɔsɛtʊ kpaaŋ kʊnɛ pata kɩ-tɩŋga sika ñɩɣlɩm tɔlɩm.  
 
 Kʊdʊyʊ sɔsɔʊ kʊnɛ layʊ sɔsɔ weyi ɛkɛ Siksi tɛ layʊ kagbaanzɩ ñɩnʊ, Gurû Arjan yɔ, ɛnʊ hana nɔɔ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1601 se pama kʊdʊyʊ kʊnɛ. Ɛma-kʊ lone nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa kacalaɣ layʊ sɔsɔ, Gurû Nanak wokaɣ nɛ ɛsɛʊ ɛsʊ yɔ. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Afgani mba wona nɛ potudi-wɛ se pamʊ pɛ-tɛtʊ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1757 yɔ, pɩtɛ pɩnaɣ ŋga pɔyɔka ɛsɔsɛtʊ kpaaŋ kʊnɛ. pɩtakɩlɩ leɖu ɖɔɖɔ lɛ paɖzɣna-kʊ maʊ pɩnzɩ litoozo wayɩ. 
 
Ɛsɔsɛtʊ kpaaŋ kʊnɛ kɩwɛ fɛɛʊ sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ taa nɛ pɩwɛ ɛzɩ pɔyɔɔdʊ se kɩmʊ akɔma kpeekp yɔ. Ɛlɛ pama-kʊ "fɛɛʊ kiɖeɖeu" nakʊyʊ taa nɛ kɩ-tɛ ɖaalakɩŋ taa hɔɔlʊ kʊɖʊmʊ kɛ hɔɔlɩŋ naanza taa makʊna ɛzɩ mɛtanaa 150 yɔ. Pɔcɔna ɖenɖe hɔɔlɩŋ tɩŋga lɩm katʊ ɖama yɔ. Pɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ kpaaŋ ŋgʊ kɩmʊ lɩm ɖʊya tɩŋga yɔ.
Tɩm

Tɩm kɛna mʊlʊm nabʊyʊ nɛ paɖʊʊ-malɩfanaa nɛ agaŋgala taa. Tɩm kɛna kpɛlɩ kpɛlɩ mʊzʊ ŋgʊ ɖooo caanaʊ taa ŋgʊ pazɩma se kɩkɩlʊ yaʊ kpʊkpʊ. Tɩm kɛ kɩkpɛdɩm kiɖikiɖi nɛ mala, sufri nɛ azɔtʊ siziŋ ɖɔm mbʊ pɩ-taa pezidi potasiyɔm yɔ kɛ pesidu nɛ palabɩna tɩm.
Siini tɛtʊ taa kɛ paɖa tɩm kɛ lubu nɛ pɩkɛɣna pɩnzɩ nakʊ taa yɔ nɛ ɖɛfɛɛɛ ɖɛfɛɛɛ pɩtalɩ Erɔpʊ nɛ Azii pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ litoozo taa. Pʊkʊŋ pɩtalʊ pʊnzɩ mɩŋ 19 taa mbʊ yɔ, tɩm ɖeke paɖʊwaɣ malɩfanaa nɛ agaŋgala taa. 
Ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ mbʊ yɔ, nɔɔyʊ ɛɛtasʊʊ tɩm ɖʊ ɛ-malɩfa taa yaa ɛ-ŋgaŋgaɖɩyɛ taa mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɩfɛyɩ ɖoŋ camɩyɛ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ pɩkpakʊ alɩwaatʊ pʊcɔ nɛ posu-pʊ hɔzɩŋ taa yaa agaŋgala taa. Malɩfana kɩpɩma, hɔzɩŋ weyi palakɩna lakɩŋ yɔ, hayɩsʊʊ malɩfanaa nɛ kazandʊ natʊyʊ yɔɔ pɔtɔʊ ɖoo taa malɩfana mba nɛ mɩŋ mɩzʊ ɛsɔtaa yɔ ɩ-taa ɖeke lɛɛlɛɛ paɖɛɣna tɩm ɖʊʊ. 
Tɩm pʊnɛ paɖʊ malɩfanaa taa nɛ pɔtɔʊ lɛ, ñɔsɩ ñɛʊ tutu ɛlɛ, pʊkɔma pɩnaɣ 1829 taa lɛ Samuel Colt luba tɩm nabʊyʊ nɛ latriki mɩŋ nɛ ɩlɩuʊ ñɔsɩ. Pɩnaɣ 1886 kɛ poluba tɩm nbʊyʊ nɛ pʊbʊ ñaakɩlʊ ñɔsɩ lɩʊ nɛ mʊzʊ ɛɛkɩlʊ kazʊ hɔzɩŋ taa. Tɩm kɩfam pʊnɛ paɖʊ-pʊ paa malɩfa ŋgʊ lɛ kɩ-taa.
Kpɩna huyiŋ tɔɔla

Kpɩna huyiŋ tɔɔla kɛna tɛtɛ kpɩna huyiŋ weyi pɔhɔɔ-ɩ camɩyɛ nɛ ɩhʊʊ ɖofɩɩɩ yɔ. Pelitu kpɩnɛ lɛ, paawiɖuu-ɖɩ yaa paakpɛzʊ ɖɩ-hʊndʊ pʊcɔ pɔhɔʊ-ɖɩ. Tɔna ana kɛ pakpakʊ nɛ pɛñɛyɩ tɔɔla nɛ ɛyʊ sʊʊ. Pɩtɛkɛ tɛtɛ kpɩna ɖeke hʊndʊ ɛlɛ kalɩhʊndʊ ɖɔɖɔ kɛ mbʊ yɔ, papɩzʊ paɖʊ-tʊ wondʊ natʊyʊ taa nɛ posuu ɖɔɖɔ. Posuu tɛtɛ kpɩkna huyiŋ yɔ, pɩtɛkɛ acana ɖeke ɛlɛ nikaɣ yɔɔ yaa pɩsa nɛ tɛtɛ kpɩna ana, ɛyaa sɩm-yɛ camɩyɛ.
Tɛtɛ kpɩna huyiŋ tɔɔla lɩʊ yɔ ɖooo caanaʊ taa kɛ kiɖe tɛɛ ɛyaa sʊwaɣ-tʊ. Posuwaɣ-tʊ lɛ, pataapazɩta laʊ pɩsɩŋ lʊʊ nɛ nikaɣ yɔɔ kɛ posuwaɣ-tʊ yaa posuwaɣ-tʊ ɖɔɖɔ se nabʊyʊ ɛtaañasɩ-wɛ. Pʊwayɩ yɔ, nabayɩ sʊʊ tɛtɛ kpɩna naayɩ tɔɔla hʊndʊ se pɩwɩlɩna se pɛkɛ awiya yaa cɔccjɔnaa yaa ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ pɛkɛwa yɔ. Lalaa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, posuu-tʊ se pɛwɛɛna ɖoŋ nɩɩyɛ. Pɩtɛkɛ huyiŋ ɖeke ɛlɛ nabʊyʊ taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, papaŋ ɖɔɖɔ tɛtɛ kpɩna ñɩɩzɩŋ. Kabɩyɛ taa lɛ, waaɣ pɩnaɣ kɛ papaɣ habɩyɛ nɛ paapaɣ lɛ, kɩnatɩna yaa aleba paŋ ñɩɩzɩŋ se pɩwɩlɩ se pɛwɛ ɛzɩ alewaa yɔ.
 Pɩtɛkɛ alebaa tɩŋga pɩzʊʊna papaŋ tɛtɛ kpɩna tɩŋga ñɩɩzɩŋ ɖɔɖɔ. Naayɛ wɛɛ lɛ, ɛyʊ ɛtapɩɩ nɛ ɛsɛɛ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ ɛɛpɩzʊ ɛpa a-ñɩɩzɩŋ. Pɩtɛkɛ awayɩ kpɩna huyiŋ ɖeke kɛ pɛnɛyʊ tɔɔla ɛlɛ ɖaɣ kpɩna huyiŋ ɖɔɖɔ kɛ mbʊ yɔ, posuu a-huyiŋ. Pʊcɔ nɛ patɩlʊ pɩzatʊ lʊtʊ lɛɣtʊ lɛ, nɛ pɩkɩlɩna ajɛya wena a-taa nikaɣ wɛ fɩnɩnɩ yɔ, ɛyaa nɛ pa-halaa posuwaɣ tɛtɛ kpɩna huyiŋ nɛ pɔpɔʊ ɖɔɖɔ tataa. Ɖooo caanaʊ taa mba ñɩnɩna nɛ patɩlɩ ɛzɩma papɩzɩ pɔhɔɔ tɔna nɛ ataaɖazɩ yɔ yaa sanzayɩsɩ ɛtaatɔɔ-yɛ yɔ.
 Pakpakaɣ kaaŋ weyiu ɩwɛ ɖoŋ camɩyɛ yɔ nɛ pɔhɔʊna tɔna nɛ awɛɣʊ camɩyɛ ɖɔɔɖɔɔ. Pakpakaɣ ɖɔɖɔ tɩŋ nɩɩyɛ pɔɔya nɛ paɖʊʊ acɩyɩm kɛ tɔna ana a-yɔɔ nɛ pɩsaŋ nɛ ahʊʊ camɩyɛ. Palakɩ tɔna nɛ tokonaa, pantalaŋ, huyiŋ, naakomnaa, hʊlasɩ, waacɩna. Pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, tɔna yɔɔ kɛ malɩŋ kɩla sɔɔlʊ ɛsɔ sɛʊ, panɛ kɔ laɖaa nabayɩ.
Tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ

Wezuu kpɛlɛkɩya cɔlɔ lɛ, tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ kɛna wonuu ŋgʊ kʊtɔkɩ yem yem yɔ. Yɔɔdaɣ taa lɛ, payaɣ se kpɩnɛ yaa tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ yɔ, pɩkɛna tʊkaɣ ŋga pɩwɛɛ se paɖʊ kpɩnɛ nɛ ɛyʊ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa. Payaɣʊ ɖɔɖɔ se tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ yɔ tʊkaɣ nakayɩ wɛ anɛ kpɩna cikpena ɛzɩ nakaŋ yɔ pɩhɛkʊtaa. Kpɩna kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɩnaa yɔɔdʊna tɛtɛ kpɩna yɔɔ tɔm camɩyɛ. Paa tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ nɖɩ pɩweɛna-ɖɩ kɩcɛyʊ se ɖɩwɛɛna lɩm, tiyokisizɛnɩ nɛ tɔɔnaasɩ ndɩ ndɩ yaa yɛɖɛ yɛɖɛ. Tɛtɛ kpɩna tɔkʊʊ tɔɔnasɩ ndɩ ndɩ nzɩ yɔ, sɩwaɣ-yɛ tomnnasi taa ɖoŋ, hundu yɔʊ, sɔŋ yaa sɔzɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ mɔɔ taa ɖoŋ. 

Ɛzɩ mbʊ mbʊ pifezuu yɔ, lɩm kɛna tɔɔnaɣ ŋga kɛwɛ kɩcɛyʊ siŋŋŋ ŋga pɩwɛna tɛtɛ kpɩna se awɛɛna nɛ ahiu  mbʊ pʊpɔzʊʊ-yɛ yɔ. Tɛtɛ kpɩna wɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Naayɛ wɛɛ lɛ, a-yɔɔ nɛ pɔɔya nɛ a-taa kɔyɔ mukuuliŋ, caafela, kʊŋgʊ tɛyɩŋ, kamayɩŋ. Lɛɛna lɛ a-ñʊŋ yɔɔ kɛ naŋgbanzɩ nɛ payaa-yɛ se ñʊʊ yɔɔ naŋgbanzɩ kpɩna. Kpɩna naayɛ wɛ lɛ awɛna fekeditu naalɛ. Tɛtɛ kpɩna naayɛ wɛɛ lɛ, afɛyɩna mɔɔ a-toma taa nɛ a-taa kɔyɔ kpalaacɩnjɩnzɩ. Kpalacɩnjɩŋga pɩzʊ kɛsɛtɩ ɛlɛ paa hɔɔlʊ ŋgʊ kɩtaŋ. Lɩm tɛɛ wondu wɛ, tataa kpɩna wɛɛ nɛ ɛsɔtaa sʊmasɩ wɛɛ. 

Keteŋga kpeekpe yɔɔ tɛtɛ kpɩna wena pazɩma nɛ pakalɩ-yɛ yɔ awɛʊ ɛzʊ 1 250 000 yɔ. Ñɩnɩya nabayɩ tɔŋ size tɛtɛ kpɩna wena awɛɛ yɔ atalʊ ɛzɩ kutokiŋ ɛkpɔŋ hiu yɔ nɛ kʊtokiŋ ɛkpɔŋ ɛzɩ mɩnɩʊ yɔ kaatɛma wɛʊ ɛzɩ ɖooo ɛyʊ wɛʊ ketyeŋga yɔɔ yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 2011 yɔɔdʊ se lɩm tɛɛ tɛtɛ kpɩna wena awɛɛ yɔ atalʊ ɛzɩ 2 150 000 piyele tɛtʊ yɔɔ ñɩna ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 7 770 000 yɔ.
Payaa

Payaa kɛna payaa tɩʊ piye. Mɛkɩsiki taa pacala payaa hayʊ. Payaanaa pɩlɩŋ kpɛnda naatozo. Keteŋga kpeekpe taa lɛ, Mɛkɩsiki kɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɩlʊ payaanaa haɖaʊ yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɖɩkɩlʊna pɛdʊ payaanaa nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ cɩnɛ. Ɛjɛɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖiyeke ɖihayʊ payaanaa ɛzɩ hiŋ niitozo yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ (30%). Payaa kɛna tɩʊ piye nɖɩ ɖi-taa nɛ piye kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ yɔ. Payaa yɔɔ huɖu nakʊyʊ wɛɛ kɩmaɣza kpɩndʊ nɛ kɩ-wayɩ lɛ mʊtʊ wɛɛ lubilubi nɛ ndʊ pɔtɔkɩ. Payaanaa mba pakɩlɩ tɔyʊ nɛ pɛpɛdʊ-wɛ yɔ, papaɣlɩ pazɩ nɛ papɩzʊ patalɩ akaŋga kɛ palɩka nɛ papɩzʊ patalɩ ɛzɩ kɩɖamɩŋ150 nɛ 250 yɔ. 

Payaanaa nabayɩ ñakɩla mbʊ nɛ papɩzʊ patalɩ kilo kʊɖʊmʊ. Payaa t,i,u taŋ lɛ paŋga kʊɖʊmaɣ yɔɔ hɛtʊ lɩʊ yʊʊʊ ɛlɛ nabʊyʊ taa hɛɖʊ kʊɖʊmʊ yaa hɛtʊ natʊyʊ lɩʊna pee. Payaanaa taa tɩŋ halɩñɩŋ nɛ abalɩñɩŋ wɛɛ nɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ halɩñɩŋgʊ kpakʊ hɛtʊ lɛ, pɩwɛɛ se abalɩñɩŋgʊ hɛtʊ ɛtɔlɩ kʊyɔɔ nɛ pʊcɔ. Payaa piye pɩsʊ ɖɩpɩɩ ɛlɛ yee ɖɩwɛ tɩʊ yɔɔ mbʊ yɔ, ɖɩɩhʊʊ. Ɖɩhʊʊ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pokoyu-ɖɩ nɛ pasɩɩ yɔ. Yee pokoyi payaa nɛ kɩɩhʊʊ kɔyɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se ɖenɖe pasɩ-kʊ yɔ nikaɣ kɩlaa. Papizʊ pasɩna-kʊ nɛ kʊhʊʊ lɔŋ. 

Pʊbʊ taa lɛ, pasɩʊ-wɛ lɛ pakpaɣ ayaba wena ahʊwa yɔ nɛ pasɩɩ pʊcɔlɔ kpɛɛɛ. Pasɩ payaanaa kɛ nikaɣ ŋgbaʊ taa, paahʊʊ lɔŋ. . Payaanaa pɩlɩŋ kpɛnda naatozo : mɛkɩsiki paya, kuwatemala paya nɛ antiyi payaa. Pɩlɩŋ ɩnʊ paya-ɩ pɩlɩɩna ajɛya wena a-taa payaanaa mba palɩnaa yɔ. Ajɛya wena a-taa pacalɩ payaanaa hayʊ yɔ, ɖooo lɛ, peeɖe samaɣ kaawɛ pʊŋ taa nɛ tɩŋ pee pakɩlʊ tɔɔʊ ɛzɩ : payaanaa, kpɛɛzʊ, mukuuliŋ yaa caafela, kpagbasɩ, sʊmasɩ nɛ tɛtɛ kpɩna naayɛ. Kaaʊ sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa nɛ pɔʊ nɛ pasɩwaɣ payaanaa nɛ kɩkɩla pɩnɩʊ yɔ, pana-kʊ Koskaltaŋ tɛtʊ taa pɩnzɩ 9 000 nɛ 10 000 taa.