open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Saɣʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ

Saɣʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ kɛ sakɩyɛ yaa samaɣ ɖaɣna yaʋ size sɩɣgbelasɩ tʋmɩyɛ. Saɣʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ yaa sɩɣgbelasɩ tʋmɩyɛ kɛna tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa poluki yaa palɩzʋʋ anjaʋ waa ndɩ ndɩ nɛ pɩtɩŋgɩna wondu kɩsaɣtʋ labɩnaʋ nɛ pɩpɩsɩ yaa pɩcɛlɛ wɛɖʋ kam nakʋyʋ ɛzɩ kɩpaɣlaka pɔzʋʋ yɔ. Tʋmɩyɛ kɩsaɣyɛ ,ɖɩnɛ, ɖɩpɩzʋʋ ɖɩwɛ sɩɣgbelasɩ tɩyɛ ɛzɩ pamaʋ yaa payaʋ nɛ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "ronde-bosse (statuaire)".

Saɣtʋ tʋmɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ, ɖɩpɩzʋʋ ɖɔɖɔ ɖɩlɩzɩ yaa ɖʋlʋ wondu nɛ tɩwɛɛna wɛtʋ ɛzɩ payaʋ nɛ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "haut-relief", nɛ "bas-relief", nɛ pɩtasɩna "modelage" ɖɔɖɔ kɛ mbɩ yɔ. Saɣʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ, ɖɩsaɣyʋ kɛ paya size saɣyʋ yaa sɩɣgbelasɩ saɣyʋ. Ɛsaɣkɩ paa wonuu ŋgʋ lɛ nɛ pʋmʋna kʋ kɛ kɩɖalakɩŋ yaa kʋkʋkʋyɩmɩŋ taa nɛ kʋɖɔkʋʋ kpɩtʋ taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ camɩyɛ siŋŋ. Kɩ-hɔɔlasɩ tɛ kpɩnaʋ tɛ camɩyɛ size pɩpɩsɩ wonuu kam kɛ payana fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "soudure yaa assemblage".

Tɔm piye saɣʋʋ wɩlɩʋ yaa tʋkʋʋna kpaɣgba kɛ saɣʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ wonuu kɩlabʋʋ. Tɔm piye saɣʋʋ kiɖe yaa ɖɩlɩyɛ keekee wɛ latɛŋ kʋnʋŋ taa kɛnɛ. Tɔm piye nɖɩ, pama ɖɩ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa se «sculpture» nɛ ɖɩlɩɩna latɛŋ matʋ ɛzɩ pɔtɔŋgʋ kʋkʋ taa size «sculpere» yɔ. Kʋnʋmɩŋ ɛnɩ ɛ-naalɛ e-tomba : fransɩɩ kʋnʋŋ taa «sculpture» nɛ latɛŋ kʋnʋŋ taa «sculpere» tɔbɩŋ wɛ kɩmaŋ.

Yee ɛyʋ ɛnɩ n̄ata kɛ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size «sculpture» nɛ ɛnɩ ɖɔɖɔ kɛ latɛŋ kʋnʋŋ taa size «sculpere» kɔyɔ, ɛkpakʋ kpaɣgba size kutoliŋ yaa tɔbɩŋ kɛlɛ size saɣʋʋ yaa kaʋ hɔɔlasɩ lɩzʋʋ yaa kaʋ faʋʋ hɔɔlasɩ ndɩ ndɩ. Tɔm pe ana a-naalɛ (sculpere, nɛ sculpture) a-kutoliŋ yaa a-tɔbɩŋ wɩlɩʋna tɛyɩtʋ kɛ saɣʋʋ (sculpture) nɛ lɛzɩŋ lɩzɩtʋ yaa katɩzɩnaʋ (modelage) pa-naalɛ pɛ-hɛkʋ taa. Ɖɩɖɔkɩ size wondu kɩsaɣtʋ pɩzʋʋ pɩkɛ kaaŋ yaa pɛ (pierre), nɛ pɩkɛ ɖɔɖɔ mɔɔ (os).

Saɣʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ, nɖɩ wɩlʋʋna ɖoo lɔndaa pɛ yaa kaaŋ saɣtʋ wazaɣ fevere n̄ɩŋga kɛ ɖoo ɖomuu tɛ ɛzakuliye alɩwaatʋ taa. Pɩkpaʋʋ nɛ kpaɖʋ yaa wɛɛ hiu (10) n̄ɩŋgʋ taa kɛ mbɩ yɔ, pɔyɔɔdaɣ tɔm piye nɖɩ payaɣna yaa pamana fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size «ymagier» yɔ ɖɩ-tʋmɩyɛ ɖeke. Tɔm piye nɖɩ-ɩ pɛlɛɛzana nɖɩ pamana fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size saɣʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ (sculpteur) yɔ. Saɣʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ kɛna ɖama kpɛndʋʋ yaa sakɩyɛ nɩnaʋ tʋmɩyɛ kʋɖʋm ɖɩyɛ labʋ kpɛndʋʋ. Saɣʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ kpɛm ɖɩnɛ, ɖɩwɛna n̄ʋʋ tʋ kʋɖʋm nɛ paya-ɩ size wɩlɩyʋ.
Seelandɩ Kɩfalʊʊ

**Seelandɩ Kɩfalʊʊ** kɛna Oseyaanii taa ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛ Pasifiki Lɩŋamʋʋ nɛ kɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛ tɛʈʊ ñabɩ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ nɛ pɩta yɔ nɛ ɖiposina Ositiraalii nɛ kilomɛtanaa ɛzɩ kutokiŋ naalɛ yɔ. Tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ natulɛ kpɛndɩna nɛ pɩla Seelandɩ Kɩfalʊʊ mbʊ yɔ. Tɛtʊ ñbɩ cikpetu natʊyʊ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ: Sitewarɩti nɛ Saatam.

Seelandɩ-Kɩfalʊʊ kʊnɛ kɩ-tɛ caanaʊ tɔm wɛ tobi yem mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, ɛyaa pazɩʊ caɣʊ peeɖe yɔ pɩtɩkɩlɩ leeɖɩɣ.

Sɩŋŋŋ taa lɛ Maworiti mba woba peeɖe kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1050 nɛ 1300 taa nɛ pʊcɔ Erɔpɩ mba ñatalɩ peeɖe kɛ pɩnaɣ 1642. Ɛlɛ Pɩritaaniki mba kpacayɩʊna-ɖɩ kaɣlaa kpaɣ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ looɖo wiye pɩnaɣ 1840. Pɩtɛ efemiye wiye ɖɔɖɔ Seelandɩ Kɩfalʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩtɔkɩ kɩ-ɛjaɖɛ kasandʊ sɔsɔtʊ.

Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ caaɣʊ kɛ salaŋ fenaɣ 26 pɩnaɣ 1907 ɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 1947 taa kɛ Seelandɩ Kɩfalʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩpaɣzɩʊ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ yeli. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlɩɣ yɔɔdɩɣ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ Eŋgilisi, ŋgʊ pawɩlɩɣ sukulinaa taa nɛ komina tʊma taa. Pɔyɔɔdɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ tɩgbayɩŋ kunʊŋ nɛ maworii kʋnʋŋ ɖɔɖɔ.
Senegaalɩ

Seneegaalɩ kɛna Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ajɛya ; wena acɔ-ɖɩ nɛ ata yɔ ana yɔ : ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩhayi kiŋ ŋe ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖilɩyɛ taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ Moritaanii nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ Atɩlantiki Lɩŋgamʊʊ piyele nɛ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ, Maalii, Kinee Konakrii nɛ Kinee Pɩsaʊ. 

Pɔɔ ŋga payaɣ se Kambii yɔ ka-lɩm kpeŋ Senegalɩ tɛtʊ taa. Payaʊ se Senegaalɩ yɔ, pɩlɩna pɔɔ sɔsɔwa ŋga kekpeŋ peeɖe nɛ payaɣ-kɛ se Senegaalɩ Pɔɔ yɔ nɛ pɔɔ kanɛ kakpakɩɣ nɛ Kinee pʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Futa-Jalɔŋ yɔ kɩ-taa. Peeɖe lʊŋgɩyɛ nɛ yolim pɛtɛyɩ ɖama.

Senegaalɩ wɛ Afrika ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ nɛ tɔsʊʊ hʊʊ nɛ liidiya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se CEDEAO yɔ ɖɩ-taa. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ Afrika ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ ɖɩɖɩ se UA yɔ ɖɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ, pɩtasɩna kedeŋa kpeekpe ajɛya wena akpɛnda nɛ ayɔɔdɩɣ faransɩɩ nɛ payaɣ se Frankofonii a-ŋbgɛyɛ taa. 

Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊtʊ kɩfalʊ payaɣ se Mackɩ Sall nɛ palɩza-ɩ ɖooo ɖomaɣ fenaɣ naalɛ pɩnaɣ 2012 taa.
Serge Prokofiev

Serge Prokofiev (yaa Ruusi kʋnʋŋ matʋ taa lɛ, Сергей Сергеевич Прокофьев), palʊla-ɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 23 pɩnaɣ 1891 alɩwaatʊ taa kɛ Sontsovka (Ekaterinoslav komina taa kɛ Ruusii tɛ Ampiiri taa) ɛsɩ lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 5 pɩnaɣ 1953 Mɔsɩkʊʊ tɛtʊ taa (URSS), ɛɛkɛ hendu lɩzɩyʊ Ruusii ɛjaɖɛ minziiki cɔlɩɩ ŋgʊ taa nɛ ɛmakaɣ piyano nɛ ɛtɛ ɛkɛ hendu lɩzɩyaa ñʊʊ tʊ.

Ɛkɛ hendu sakɩyɛ lɩzɩyʊ, ɛlakaɣ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm waa nɛ amʊʊza sakɩyɛ ɛtɛ alɩwaatʊ taa nɛ ɛ-hɩɖɛ sɛɛ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛɛwɛna lɩmaɣza siŋ pɩkɩlɩ ɛtɛ alɩwaatʊ taa tɛ lɩmaɣza. Ɛkɛ sukuli pɩɣa Saint-Pétersbourg samaɣ tʊmɩyɛ ɖɩlaɖɛ taa, ɛwa nɛ ɛmʊ Anton Rubinstein tɛ kɩhɛyʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ ɛnʊ kaawɛna weewe piyano mabʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa. Kpaɣna pɩnzɩ 1918 ŋtalɩ 1936, ɛlaba pɩnzɩ sakɩyɛ ajɛyɛ lɛɛna taa nɛ etisi nɛ ɛpɩsɩ ɛtɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa URSS ɖenɖe paɖʊɣa-ɩ hɩɖɛ nɛ pɛcɛ-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ. Ɛnʊ nɛ Joseph Staline pasɩba kɩyakʊ kʊyʊmʊ.

Sontsovka kɛ lone nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa palʊla Prokofiev yɔ, ɖɩwɛ Ruusi tɛ Ampiiri taa kɛ Ekaterinoslav komina taa. Ɛ-caa kɛ haɖaʊ lɔŋ tasʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ ñʊʊ tʊ sɔsɔ haɖaʊ nɔmɔʊ taa. E-ɖoo, Maria Grigorievna, kɛ halʊ weyi ɛkpɛlɛkʊʊ piyaa camɩyɛ yɔ, ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ kɛlɛ piyaanoo mabʊ nɛ ɛkɛ ɛ-pɩyalʊ tɛ kajalaɣ wɩlɩyʊ. Serge pɩjatʊ kaawɛ ɖeu ɖɩɣa sɔsɔyɔ nakɛyɛ taa ɖenɖe e-ɖoo makaɣ-ɩ Beethoven, Chopin, Tchaikowsky nɛ Rubinstein. Miziiki hɔɔlʊʊ taa kʊjɔŋ kɔŋ pɩɣa sakɩyɛ sakɩyɛ mbʊ lɛ, e-ɖoo tɩlɛzɩɣ lɩmaɣza mbʊ se ɛɖʊ-ɩ miziiki tʊmɩyɛ nɔmɔʊ taa.

Pɩnaɣ 1900 taa lɛ, ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ lutozo kɛlɛ, ɛtɩŋɩ e-ɖoo Mɔsɩkʊʊ tɛtʊ taa ɖenɖe ewoba ɛna peteu laŋɩyɛ taa wɩzasɩ hendu yɔ. Ɛpɩsa Sontsovka lɛ, eteɣ natʊyʊ piyaa, kɩɖalʊ. Pɩnaɣ 1902, alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, e-ɖoo kɔɔ nɛ ɛnɛ-ɩ pɛwɛɛ Mɔsɩkʊʊ tɛtʊ se pɩsa nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ sukuli ɛ-nɛ wɩlɩya ma-hɩɖɛ kʊyaa waa. Kajalaɣ lɛ, ɛpaɣzɩ lɩzɩtʊ nɛ wɩlɩyʊ Reinhold Glière, ɛlɛ kpɛlɛlɛkɩ-ɩ laɣsɩ nɛ cɔlɩtʊ. Pɩnaɣ  1904 lɛ, e-ɖoo kpaɣ lɩmaɣza se ewokina-ɩ Saint-Pétersbourg se pɩsa nɛ e-sukuli ɖɛnɛ ɛsɩnda ɛlɛ mbʊ lɛ, ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 13.

Prokofiev tɩsʊ sukuli taa kpa lɛ, ɛpɩsɩ pɩɣa ŋga kɔtɔm wɛ ɖoŋ yɔ nɛ ekizi mbʊ payi pɩtɛma wɛʊ yɔ pɩwɛtʊ, nɛ ɛmaɣmaɣ ɛna se ɛwɛ ɖoŋ mbʊ nɛ ɛkɩlɩ lɛɛla yaa ɛ-tabala halɩ pɩtalɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɛ-wɩlɩyaa. Prokofiev ñɩŋɩ sɔsɔtʊ ɖaʊ yɔ ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ alɩwaatʊ tɩŋa taa. Pʊwayɩ lɛ, ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛtalɩ evebu, egbeɣta nɛ esuu wonduu ɖeu nɛ pɩwɛ cɔnaʊ nɛ ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛwɛtʊ nɛ ɛ-lɩmaɣza tɩŋa taa wɛ ɛzɩ hama ɛyʊ sɔsɔ, mbʊ mayʊ sɔsɔ Ruusii tʊ nɔyʊ tɔma lɛ yɔ.


File:Prokofiev 020.jpg|thumb|Prokofiev 020
File:Nadja Sellrup and Pascal Jansson in Romeo and Juliet 2010.jpg|thumb|Nadja Sellrup and Pascal Jansson in Romeo and Juliet 2010
File:Paolo Monti - Servizio fotografico (Italia, 1973) - BEIC 6333174.jpg|thumb|The fiery angel



	
	
	
	
]
Sewuuli

Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kpɛnda miliyɔɔnaa 25 620 000, yee pɛkpɛndɩna ageeta wena acɔ-tʊ nɛ ataa yɔ; ɛlɛ yee pɩkɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa ɖeke yɔ, pɛkpɛnda miliyɔɔnaa 10 140 000. Ɛyaa pɛnɛ, pa-taa lɛ akɔma kpɛnda 255 501. Kɩgalʊʊ kʊnɛ, paakala-kʊ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ 31 pɩnaɣ 2013.

Keteŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ, tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩkɛ natʊtozo ñɩndʊ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se tɛtʊ kacalaɣ ñɩndʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ ndʊ lɛ, Tokiyo nɛ natʊlɛ ndʊ lɛ Mɛkisiikoo. Tɛtʊ nanza ñindʊ lɛ Niyuu Yɔrɩkɩ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ landammm taa wɛ ɛzɩ ɛkɩtaarɩnaa 60 552 yaa kɩlomɛtanaa 605,52.
Seɣtuu mʋndʋsʋʋ (Laser)

**Seɣtuu mʋndʋsʋʋ** kɛna anasaayɩ n̄ɩɣyʋʋ ŋgʋ kʋ-tʋmɩyɛ kɛlɛ size kɩlɩzʋʋ mʋndʋsʋʋ cɛnzɩ yɔ. Seɣtuu mʋndʋsʋʋ n̄ɩɣyʋ kʋnɛ, kiliɖe ɖɩlɩyɛ taa mba payaɣ size masɛrɩ nɛ pama size "maser" nɛ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa. Kajalaɣ taa ɖeyi ɖeyi lɛ, pacalɩ haʋ hɩɖɛ seɣtuu mʋndʋsʋʋ n̄ɩŋgʋ kʋnʋ size masɛrɩ naʋʋ nɛ mʋdʋsʋʋ kpɛlɛkʋʋ. Fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa lɛ pama size "maser optique".

Seɣtuu mʋndʋsʋʋ anasaayɩ n̄ɩŋgʋ kʋnɛ, kɩɖɩlɩyɛ kɛ naabʋlɛ kpɛndɩm. Pʋtɔbʋʋ size, ɖɩcɔnaɣ kɔ yɔ, ɖɩnaɣ size kɩ-taa nɛ n̄ɩɣyʋʋ kɩwalanzɩnaʋ yaa paɣlaka sɔzʋʋ n̄ɩɣyʋʋ n̄ɩŋgʋ ŋgʋ kɩwɛna naʋ kʋlɔmʋʋ yɔ. Seɣtuu mʋndʋsʋʋ wɛna kɩ-taa pɔʋ kɩɖaɣlʋʋ nakʋyʋ, nɛ kɩ-taa miŋ lɩʋ nɛ ɛwɛ tʋɖʋɖʋ yee ɛmʋwaa yɔ.

Pɩtɩŋgɛ payɩ mbɩ yɔ, pɩ-tɛ yʋsaɣ ɖeyi ɖeyi lɩzʋʋ kpɛlɛkʋʋ pɔzʋʋ size, seɣtuu mʋdʋsʋʋ anasaayɩ n̄ɩɣyʋʋ kʋnɛ, kɩ-tɛ mʋndʋsʋʋ cɛnzɩ nzɩ kɩlɩzɩsɩ wɛna siɣ siɣ  mʋndʋsʋʋ n̄azɩn̄azʋ. Pʋtɔbʋ size, pɩ-tɛ kɛɛkɩŋ wɛɛ. Mʋndʋsʋʋ weluu yaa mʋndʋsʋʋ n̄azɩn̄azʋ (spectre) wɛna kɩ-taa kɛ cɛnzɩ nzɩ sɩwɛ lɩɩ lɩɩ yɔ. Sɩ-tɛ, pila ɖaɣlɩtʋ (ondes) lɩɣna pɔŋ nɛ walanzɩ tasʋʋ n̄ɩɣyʋʋ (amplificateur) yɔɔ.

Seɣtuu mʋndʋsʋʋ cɛnzɩ (raies) sɩnɛ, sɩ-tɛ mini mini pɩsʋʋ (finesse) wɛna nabʋyʋ taa kɛ kamasɩ. Pɩ-tɛ kamasɩ nzɩ, sɩwɛɛ pɩlɩɩna kɩ-tɛ pɔʋ (cavité) tɛ wɛtʋ ɖeyi ɖeyi yɔɔ nɛ walanzɩ tasʋʋ n̄ɩɣyʋʋ tɛ kpɛdɛɛ kpɛdɛɛ wiluu cɛlʋʋ ɖeɖe. Lɛɣtʋ ndɩ ndɩ yeki yaa haɣ ɖoŋ size pehuu lɩzɩtʋ (émission) nɛ pɩɖɛɛ pɔcɔɔ pila ɖaɣlɩtʋ kʋɖʋmtʋ cɔlɔ kpɛɛɛ.

Kpaɖʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kʋɖʋmʋ taa kɛ sakɩyɛ tɩlaa siŋŋ size seɣtuu mʋndʋsʋʋ kɛna cɛnzɩ (rayonnement) sɩpɩzʋʋ tʋma kpeekpe kɛ nazɩyʋ hɔmtʋ (électromagnétique) hɔɔlʋʋ taa ɖenɖe miŋ wɛɛ payɩ  yɔ. Pila ɖaɣlɩtʋ kɛ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa kaakɛ, kajalaɣ taa kɛ mbʋ payaɣwa size "maser" yɔ. Mba payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ size "micro-ondes" waa nɛ palakaana wɛ tʋmɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ cɛnzɩ X waa hɔɔlʋʋ taa.
Robert Schumann

Robert Schumann kɛ Caama hendu lɩzɩyʊ, palʊla-ɩ mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 8 pɩnaɣ 1810 kɛ Zwickau tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛsɩ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 29 pɩnaɣ 1856 taa kɛ Endenich (ɖenɖe payaɣ sɔnɔ se Bonn tɛtʊ yɔ). Ɛ-tɛ miziiki lɩmaɣzɩyɛ kaakɛ ɛjaɖɛ kɛzɩyɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɛ, nɖɩ paakɩlɩ sɩm kpaɣɖʊ 19 pazɩtʊ alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Eerɔpʊ kaawɛ kɩlɛzɩɣ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɩ yɔ. Robert Schumann kɛ pɩɣa kɩgbaanzɩ ŋga August Shumann cɔlɔ 1773-1826) nɛ ɛ-halʊ Christane Schnade (1771-1836). Schumann kaakɛ taakyasɩ kɩkalɩsɩ pɛdɩyʊ, mayʊ nɛ takayasɩ kɩkalɩsɩ lɩzɩyʊ. 

Schumann labɩ sukuli kɛ nesi tɛ sukuli taa nɛ Zwickau hɛkʊ taa sukuli taa. Peeɖe ɛkpɛlɛka Latɛŋ nɛ Krɛkɩ nɛ Fransɩɩ kʊnʊmɩŋ. Ɛkpɛlaka kajalaɣ taa kɛ piyano tʊmɩyɛ kɛ Johann Gottfried Kuntsch cɔjɔtʊ naŋ taa tʊma yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ cɔlɔ. 

Leipzig ɖoo canaʊ taa lɛ, pakalaɣ ɛyaa 41000 yeke tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩtaa nɛ kɩkɛ ɖɔɖɔ tɛtʊ naalɛ ndʊ kɛ Saxe taa kɛ Dresde egeetiye taa. Tɩkɛ ɖɔɖɔ kɩgbalaŋ kɩyakʊ lone nɛ ɖɔɖɔ takayasɩ nɛ sɩ-lɩyaa (Brockhaus, Reclam, Breitkopf nɛ Härtel), papa yɔɔdʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ miziiki tɔm. Gewandhaus soo maɖʊ makɩ soo nayɛ wena wiɖi Schumann tanɩɣ-yɛ kaʊ yɔ, akɩlɩ ɖeu pɩsɩna sɔnɔ yɔ. Takayasɩ nzɩ ɛmaɣ e-ɖoo yɔ ɛlʊkaɣna-ɩ sɩ-taa piŋ ɛlɛ, ɛtafɛyɩ keeke sukuli lɩmaɣzaɣ taa nɛ eyele ɛlakɩ miziiki aŋgba nɛ ɛyʊ yɔ lɩmaɣzaɣ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ tɛtʊ taa. 
    
Pʊnɔmɔʊ taa ɛkata piyano naa lʊɖʊ Friedrich Wieck. Wiech, pʊkɔmnana ɛyɔɔ kɛlɛ nɛ ɛsɔlɩ kɛsɛɣa kadadayaɣ mbʊ lɛ, kaaɖʊ laɣsɩ nɛ wɛtʊ kɩfatʊ ndʊ pɛkpɛlɛkɩna piyano. Pɩlabʊ nɛ ɛwɛna sukuli piyaa sakɩyɛ, pada kɛlɛ ɛ-pɛlɛ Clara, weyi palʊla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1819 taa, weyi ɛkpɛlɛkaɣ se pɩɣa ŋga kɛkpɛlɛka ɖoo ka-caa cɔlɔ lɔŋ kɩkɩlɩŋ pɩ-tɛ wɛɛ taa. Kɛlɛ kowolo kajalaɣ wobitu kɛ Gewandhaus soo ɖɩmaɖɛ pɩnaɣ 1828 taa. Schumann kpaɣ lɩmaɣza se ɛpɩsɩ Wiech tɛ sukuli pɩɣa nɛ ɛkpɛlɛkɩ piyaanoo, tʊzʊʊ yaa cɔlɩyɛ nɛ mabɩtʊ lɔŋ.  

Paskaa alɩwaatʊ pɩnaɣ 1829, ɛkpaɣ lɩmaɣza se ɛsɩɣ ɛ-tʊma Heidelberg tɛtʊ taa ɛmalɩna peeɖe ɛjaɖɛ ɛsakuliye nɛ ehiɣ ɛcɔlɩ ɛ-sukuli nɔmɔʊ taa ɖɔnɛ. Kɛlɛ ɛcaŋ ɛkpaɣ lɩmaɣza nɛ ɛɖɛ nɔmɔʊ kɩyɛɛna nɛ salaŋ fenasɩ taa kɛ nɔmɔʊ Suwiisi ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ ɖenɖe kaakɛ kɩjɛyʊʊ ɖiwoɖe Caama loŋ sɩnɖa yɔ.
Sidinee

Sidinee kɛna Ositraalii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ natʊyʊ nɛ tɩwɛ Kaalɩ Kɩfalʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa kiŋ nɛ pɩwɛ tɛnu ŋgʊ payaɣ se tasmani yɔ ki-kitiiliŋ cɔlɔ kpam. Pɩnaɣ 2014 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊ lɛ, pana ɛyaa miliyɔɔnaa 4 840 000 nɛ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ landammm taa wɛ kilomɛtanaa 12 300. Ositiraalii ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, Mɛɛlibɔrnii tɛtʊ nɛ Prisibani ñɩndʊ wayɩ lɛ, Sidinee tɛtʊ taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ. Nɛ paa pɩɩkɛna Oseyani keteŋa kpeekpe taa ɖɔɖɔ kɔyɔ, tɛtʊ ndʊ ɖɔɖɔ taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ. 

 

Sidinee tɛtʊ wɛ Ositiraalii ɛjaɖɛ hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩlɛ taa: Kumbɛrilandi kataŋga nɛ Hɔrnsibii pʊʊ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa nɛ pɔsɩ ndɩ ndɩ tɛŋgʊna tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-hɛkʊ taa. Weyi payaɣ se James Cook yɔ, ɛnʊ kɛŋna kacalaɣtʊ weyi ɛlɛɣ naʊ kɛ Sidinee tɛtʊ yɔ nɛ ɛyaa-tʊ se Jakson kidiiliŋ.Pɩɩkɛ pɩnaɣ 1770. Ɛyaʊ-tʊ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ yɔ ɛñɩnaɣ se ɛɖʊ hɩɖɛ kɛ Piritaaniki ɛjaɖɛ taa sɔdʊ sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se George Jakson yɔ.

Pɩnaɣ 1788 kɛ sɔɔja sɔsɔ weyi Arthur Phillip yɔ ɛya tɛtʊ tʊnɛ kɛ tɩ-hɩɖɛ nɖɩ paɖɩɩna-tʊ yaʊ sɔnɔ yɔ. Ɛlɛ ɖʊ hɩɖɛ kɛ Piritaaniki minisri weyi ɛcɔŋna ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʊ taa ɖiu ɖiu caɣʊ yɔ nɛ payaɣ-ɩ se Thomas Towshend yɔ.
Siimii lɛɣtʋ

Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɩkɩtʋ kɛ kedeŋa lɛɣtʋ ndʋ tɩñɩnɩɣ se tɩtɩlɩ mbʋ pɩkɛ tɛtɛɛ ñɩm nɛ ɛzɩma mbʋ palakɩ-pʋ nɛ tʋmɩyɛ yɔ.
Ruusii

Kewiyisi ndɩ ndɩ kpɛndɩna nɛ pɛkɛ Ruusii ɛjaɖɛ. Ruusii ɛjaɖɛ kɩlɩna walʊʊ kedeŋa yɔɔ. Pɩnaɣ 2014 taa pakalɩ Ruusii ɛjaɖɛ samaɣ ñʊʊ, nɛ pa-tɩlɩ se kɛkpɛndɩ miiliyɔɔwaa 146 nɛ ɛyaa kagbaanzɩ. Ruusii ɛjaɖɛ wɛ Aazii tɛtʊ nɛ hayi kiŋ nɛ Eerɔpʋ ñɩndʊ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa. 

Yee pɛtɛyɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛtʊ hɔɔlɩŋ mɩnɩʊ yɔ, hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩnʊwa nɛ nɩɩlɛ nɛ naanza nɛ pɩsɔzɩ pʊ-yɔɔ pazɩ (74,5) wɛ Azii tɛtʊ taa nɛ hɔɔlɩŋ Nɩɩlɛ nɛ kagbaanzɩ nɛ pʊsɔzɩ pʊ-yɔɔ pazɩ (23,3) ñɛwɛɛ Erɔpʊ tɛtʊ taa. Kpaɣna wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ puwolo pɩtalɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se kpaɣna Kaliningrad tɛtʊ nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩnɩ Vladivostok ñɩndʊ lɛ, Ruusii ɛjaɖɛ ɖaɣlaa pɩtalɩ kilomɛtanaa 9000 nɛ pɩɖɛɛ pʊ-yɔɔ. 

Nɛ kɩwalɩ pɩtalɩ kilomɛtanaa miiliyɔɔwaa hiu nɛ lʊbɛ yɔɔ. Kɩwɛna alɩwaatʊ nimasi hiu nɛ kʊɖʊm. Ruusii tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ lɛ Mɔsɩkuu (Moscou). Rusɩɩ kʊnʊŋ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ Ruusii ɛjaɖɛ taa.  «Ruublɩ» (rouble) kɛŋna Ruusii liidiye pɔɔyaɣ. Teŋgunaa nɛ lɩŋgamɩŋ pɔcɔ Ruusii ɛjaɖɛ nɛ pɩta. 

Ruusii tɛtɛɛ ñɩm ɖɔ sakɩyɛ. Tɛtɛɛ ñɩm mbʊ pɩ-taa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ mbʊ payaɣ se uuyi (houille) yɔ nɛ fɛɛrɩ (fer) nɛ nikɛɛli (nickel) nɛ tiyamaɣ (diamant) nɛ kaɖazɩm nɛ kaazɩ (gaz) nɛ latriki miŋ weyi palabɩna lɩm yɔ. Pɩtɛkɛ piɖeke, tɛtɛɛ ñm lɛɛbʊ sɛɣa. Ñɩm ndɩ ndɩ pʊnɛ piyebina nɛ Ruusii ɛjaɖɛ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖoŋ ñɩnɖɛ kedeŋa yɔɔ. Ɖoŋ ɛnʊ eyekina nɛ Ruusii ɛjaɖɛ mʊʊ tɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ.

Kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1980 ɖɩtɛnɖɛ nɛ puwolo pɩnaɣ 1990 kɔyɔ, ɖɩna se Ruusii kapaɣsa lɛɣzɩ. Kʊ-ɖoŋ lɩɣna tadɩyɛ cɔlɔ. Ruusii ɛjaɖɛ kpaɣ ɖɩ-tɩ se nɖɩ kɛŋna Erɔpʊ tɛtʊ nɛ Azii ñɩndʊ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa kondoloko. Ruusii ɛjaɖɛ wɛ BRICS ŋgbɛyɛ taa. Ajɛya wena awɛ ɖɔɖɔ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa yɔ ana yɔ : Siini nɛ Ɛɛndɩ nɛ Afrɩka nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Presiili. 

Pɩnaɣ 1913 ñɩŋga taa pañɩnaa se patɩlɩ kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ ajɛya wena a-tɔsʊʊ kɩlɩ wobunaʊ ɛsɩndaa yɔ. Pãnɩnaa lɛ, pana se ajɛya lʊbɛ ɖeke tɔsʊʊ kɩlɩna Ruusii ɛjaɖɛ tɔsʊʊ ɖɛʊ nɛ ɛsɩndaa. Tadɩyɛ nʊmɔʊ taa lɛ, ajɛya kagbaanzɩ ɖeke wɛna Ruusii ɛjaɖɛ ɛsɩndaa.
Siini Koloŋa Sɔsɔɔ

Payaɣʋ se Siini koloŋa sɔsɔa yɔ pɩlɩna ka-ɖaɣlakɩŋ yɔɔ kɛ paya-kɛ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ. Pɩkɛna peeɖe sɔɔjanaa pɩlɩʊ sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩɩwɛɛ nɛ tam tɩnɛ pɔyɔkʋʋ nɛ pamaɣ yɔ. Pɩlɩʊ sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ, kɩɩwɛɛ ɖooo caanaʊ pʊcɔ nɛ palʊlʊʊ Yeesu, pɩtalɩw ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ III yaa XVII kɛ mbʊ yɔ. Paama koloŋa ŋga se paɖaŋ pa-tɩ yɔɔ nɛ Siini mba mba pɛwɛna hayi kiŋ yɔ, pataapɩzɩ nɛ pasʊʊ pɔ-yɔɔ. Pɩkɛna pɩlɩʊ ŋgʊ wiɖiyi nɔɔyʊ tapɩzɩ nɛ ɛmana e-nesi yɔ; kpaɣ kɩ-ɖaɣlakɩŋ yaa kɩ-walanzɩ nɛ kɩ-paɣlaka taa. 

Payaɣʊ se koloŋa sɔsɔa yɔ, pɩkɛna hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ pama ɖooo mbʋ payaɣ se Miŋ Kewiyaɣ Kɩɖɛzaɣ tɛ alɩwaatʊ taa nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, pɩkpaɣna  "Shanhaiguan" hɔɔlʊʊ taa kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se Qinhuangdao kɛ Hebei egeetiye taa. Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, pɩkpaɣna Jiayuguan kɛ Gansu hɔɔlʊʊ taa. Koloŋa ŋga, nabayɛ yɔɔdʋʋ se, ka-ɖaɣlakɩŋ kpeekpe talɩɣ kilomɛtanaa ɛzɩ 700 yɔ. 

Ka-ɖaɣlakɩŋ yɔɔ lɛ, Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa n̄ɩma yaɣ-kɛ se Kotokiŋ hiu tɛ koloŋa; mbʊ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, kotokiŋ hiu tɔbʊʊ se mbʊ pɩfɛyɩ kamaɣ yɔ.

Siini n̄ɩma tɛ mazɩtʊ taa lɛ, papɩzɩɣ pɔtɔ ɖɔɖɔ se pɩtalɩɣ mbʋ payaɣ pɛ-tɛ se "Li naa" sakɩyɛ; nɛ pakpaɣ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa ɛzɩ 6700 yɔ pɩlakɩ pɛtɛ ɛzɩ "Li naa" 11 632 mbʋ yɔ. Pɩtasɩ lɛ, mɛtanaa 576 lakɩ ɛzɩ "Li naa" 13 400 mbʋ yɔ yaa mɛtanaa 500 ɖeyi ɖeyi. Koloŋa ŋga ka-kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ taa wɛ ɛzɩ mɛtanaa 6 yaa 7 yɔ nɛ ka-walanzɩ taa lɛ pʋwɛ ɛzɩ mɛtanaa 4 yaa 5 mbʊ yɔ. Ɖomaɣ fenaɣ taa sɔsɔ weyi ɛcɔŋna ɛsɩyɛ ekpena nɛ tɔsʊʊ yɔɔ yɔ, ɛɖaɣna koloŋa ŋga maɣzɩ nɛ ɛyɔɔdɩ camɩyɛ se koloŋa ŋga ka-ɖaɣlakɩŋ  kɛ kilomɛtanaa 8 851,8. Koloŋa kʊɖʊmaɣ ŋga, paɖaɣna-kɛ maɣzʋʋ mɩsɩ kʊm fenaɣ taa nɛ pana se ka-ɖaɣlakɩŋ taa talʊ kilomɛtanaa 21 196,18. Wayɩ wayɩ maɣzʊ pʊnɛ, pɩtamna wɔɔlɩŋ weyi weyi ɛyɔkaa yɔ payɩ.
Siini caanaʋ tɔm

Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa sɔnzɩ calɩ n̄ɔʋ. Pɩtala ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 4000 yɔ pɩɖɛɛ sɔnzɩ lɩʋ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ. Siini tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ sɔsɔtʋ taa sɔnzɩ calɩ lɩʋ. Tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩ-cɔlɔ ageeta tasɩmda sɔnzɩ.

Ɛyaa tɩŋna lɩmaɣza sɔsɔna naayɛ yɔɔ nɛ pɩla se sɔnzɩ n̄ɔ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɖooo Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa sɔsaa lakaɣ mbʋ payaɣ se "chamatique" nɛ "confucianisme" nɛ "taoïsme" nɛ Buudiyism yɔ. Lakasɩ nzɩ sɩ-yɔɔ pɩtɩŋnaa nɛ pɩla se sɔnzɩ ndɩ ndɩ lɩ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa. Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa peeye ɛyaa nɩnɩ ɖama nɛ pama kʋnʋŋ kʋɖʋmʋʋ nɛ paa weyi ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛkalʋʋ-kʋ nɛ ɛnɩɣ. Toovenum lɛ, ɛyaa yɔɔdʋʋ ŋsʋlʋma ndɩ ndɩ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa, ɛlɛ kʋnʋŋ kʋɖʋmʋʋ pamaa nɛ paa Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyʋ weyi ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛkalʋʋ-kʋ nɛ ɛnɩɣ kʋ-tɔbʋʋ. Mbʋ sɩŋna-wɛ nɛ papɩzɩ pɛwɛɛna pɔ-sɔnzɩ. 

Samaɣ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ se Moghol yɔ kamʋna Siini ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɖoŋ nɛ kan̄azɩɣ-ɖɩ. Samaɣ ŋga kalɩna Siini ɛjaɖɛ nɛ hayi kiŋ nɛ kowolo kamʋ Siini tɛtʋ. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ kɛwɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-taa yɔ, kalakaɣ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa sɔnzɩ. Halɩ patɩŋaɣna mbʋ Siini ɛjaɖɛ komina kaɖʋwa yɔ pɩ-yɔɔ nɛ peɖiyiɣ ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ. Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa sɔnzɩ kpaɣ ɖoŋ nɛ pɩkpaɣ.
Siipitɛɛrɩ

Siipitɛɛrɩ (kɩɖaʊ: ) kɛna wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga ŋga ka-taa nɛ heɣlɩmaɣ yɔ. Tɩyɩŋga kanɛ ŋga kɩlɩna paɣlʊʊ wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩnzɩ kpeekpe, ŋga kɩlɩna ɖɔɖɔ yʊŋ hɩlɩmaɣ paa pɩkpɛndɩ tɩyɩnzɩ kpeekpe kɔyɔ. Wɩsɩ posɩnau lɛ, Siipitɛɛrɩ kɛŋna kagbanzɩ nga nɛ kɛ-ɛsɩnda kɔyɔ: Mɛɛrkiiri, Feeniisɩ, Tɛtʊ nɛ Maarɩsɩ. Room Siipɩtɛɛrɩ ɛsɔ cɔlɔ lɛ, Fransɩ taa yaa Aŋgilisi taa payaɣ Siipitɛɛrɩ se Seesi ɛsɔ.  

Cɩkpɛndɩɣ ɛwɛ ɛsɔtaa sɩŋŋŋ panaɣ wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga kanɛ nɛ ɛsa pee nɛ ŋga yɔ nanza ŋga ɛsɔtaa tɩyɩnzɩ kpeekpe taa; kɛ-ɛsɩntaa kɔyɔ: Wisɩ, Fenaɣ, nɛ Feeniisɩ. Nabʊyʊ taa lɛ wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga Maarɩsɩ naɣ kpaɩkpaɩ nɛ pɩkɩlɩ Tɩyɩŋga kanɛ nɛ ɖoŋɖoŋ taa lɛ wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga Siipitɛɛrɩ tʊʊ keleŋgele nɛ pɩkɩlɩ Feniisɩ. 

Ɛzɩ wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩnzɩ  lɛɛsɩ nzɩ sɩ-taa nɛ heɣlimaɣ yɔ, Siipitɛɛrɩ taa nɛ heɣlɩm hoɖe mbʊ wɛ wɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ nɛ heɣlim mbʊ pɩɖɛʊ taa pɩzɩɣ pɩtalɩ kilomɛtanaa 600 kɛ ñɩɣyʊ kʊɖʊmʊʊ yɔɔ. Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩʊ nɛhiu nɛ lʊbɛ taa pana mayaɣ kɩsɛɛmaɣ nakɛyɛ kɛ tɩyɩnga ŋga kɔyɔɔ nɛ mayaɣ ŋga kakɩla wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga Tɛtʊ kɛpaɣlʊ tam naputozo. 

Mayaɣ ŋga kɛkena heɣlim sɔsɔm nbʊyʊ. Wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga Siipitɛɛrɩ wɛna tɩyɩnzɩ kɩmalasɩ cikpesi nɛ sɩ-taa kɔyɔ Galillée fenasi nanza ñɩnzɩ: Iyo, Erɔpɩ, Kanimɛɛdɩ nɛ Kalisitoo. Tɩyɩnzɩ kɩmalasɩ sɩnɛ Galillée na-sɩ pɩnaɣ 1610 taa pɩlɩna ɛ-tɛ ɛsañɩnɩŋ weyi ɛmaɣmaɣ eluba yɔ.
Sikiri

Sikiri kɛ pɩyʊʊ mbʊ pʊwɛ leleŋ nɛ palɩkʊʊ fɩŋ fɩŋ taa nɛ camɖɩyɛ leeleŋ ñɩndɛ taa (sakaroozɩ). Sikiri ŋgʊ kɩ-taa wɛ pʊtʊʊ nɔyʊʊ ɛnʊ payaɣ se sakaroozɩ. Tɔm piye sikiri lɩnɛ Itaalii kʊnʊŋ taa Zucchero ɛlɛ ɖɩ-maɣmaɣ ɖɩlɩnɛ Arabɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa sukkar (سكر) nɛ tɔm piye ndɩ ɖɩ-tɛ lɛ Ɛndɩ kʊnʊŋ nɛ Sansɩkrɩtɩ kʊnʊŋ tɛ çârkara. Tɩŋ sakɩyɛ wɛ palɩzʊʊ ɛ-taa sɩkɩrɩ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa wɛ sakaroozɩ yɔ.

  
Paa ɛzɩmtaa kɔyɔ leleŋ tɩmʊʊ liɖe taa wondʊʊ wɛna leleŋ ɖoŋ kpaɣ ɛzɩ leleŋ nimviduu ŋgʊ ɖɩyaɣ nɛ kilikozi yɔ nɛ hɩla sikiri ŋgʊ ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩyaɣ se frɩkɩtozɩ yɔ, mba pakɩlɩɣ labɩnɛʊ tʊmɩyɛ tɔnasɩ kɩtɔsɩ tʊma sɔsɔnaa taa nɛ hɔɔlɩŋ lɛɛŋ taa. Ɛyaa cɔlɔ lɛ, tɔm piye sikiri kɛ leeleŋ pɩyʊʊ. Tɔnasɩ kɩtɔsɩ takʊʊ kpata yɔ lɛ, sikiri kɛ mbʊ pʊwɛ leleŋ yɔ nɛ pɩwɛnɛ leleŋ tɛ ɖoŋ yɔ pɩkɔzɩna hɩla sikiri nɛ sakaroozɩ nɛ leleŋ nimviduu nɛ cɛŋgbɛ sikiri nɛ naalɩm sikiri. 

   
Pʊwayɩ lɛ tʊŋ num nɛ tɩŋ pee nayɛ (ɛzɩ pɔm mbʊ yɔ) taa wɛ sikiri kpaɣ ɖooo canaʊ kɩpɩnʊʊ, tɩŋ nɩɩyɛ taa wɛ sikiri siŋ nɛ palakɩnɛ-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɛzɩ kajalaɣ wondʊʊ ndʊ palɩzɩ tɩ-taa sikiri yɔ nabʊyʊ taa pʊwɛ ɛzɩ sikiri lɩm (sirɔp). Kajalaɣ sikiri haɖaʊ nɛ pɩkpɛndɩnɛ tɩŋ maɣmaɣ kɛwɛ Aazii nɛ Hadɛ Wɩsɩ Ɖɩlɩyɛ taa nɛ Pasifiki ajɛyɛ wena lɩm cɔyɛ nɛ pɩtaa yɔ a-taa. Pɔtɔkɩ fɩŋ fɩŋ camɖɩyɛ nɛ palɩzɩɣ kɩ-taa lɩm. Papazɩɣ sikiri labʊʊ pɩtɩŋnɛ kɩ-lɩm lɩzʊʊ yɔɔ yɔ pazɩɣ nɛ Ɛndɩ nɛ Hayi kiŋ Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa yaa Pasifiki nɛ hadɛ pɩnzɩɣ 10000 yaa 6000 pɔcɔ palʊʊlɩ Yeesu Krɩstʊ alɩwaatʊ taa. 
     
Erɔpʊ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Krɛkɩ mba cɔlɔ, palakaɣ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ tʊŋ num sikiri ɛzɩ aseeɖe naɖɩyɛ lɩzʊʊ nɛ ɖɩwɩlɩɣ se Kɩnɔsɔs nɛ Mycène nɛ Paestum tɔm kɩpɩndʊʊ ñɩnʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, pakatɩ ŋgbaŋ. Ɛlɛ patalɩɣ fɩŋ fɩŋ sikiri (Egipiti mba kɩpɩma hayaɣ-kʊ) pɩlɩnɛ lɩŋgamɩŋ yɔ nɔmɔŋ wobʊtʊ ɛlɛ kɩwɛ kɛtɛɖaɣ nɛ kɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ lidiye. Pɩtɩŋnɛ Romanɩ ɛjaɖɛ pajaɣ mɔyɔɔ kɩ-yɔ tʊʊ pɩlɩnɛ mbʊ se pajaɣ Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ yɔ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ pɩkpɛndɩnɛ Pɛrɩsɩ hɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊʊ ɛlɛ njɔna kɔyɔ tʊŋ num sikiri wakaɣna tʊmɩyɛ labʊʊ.
Silii

Silii kɛna Amreika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ajɛya wena awɛ kamaɣ yɔɔ yɔ ana yɔ: hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Peruu, hayʊ kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Polivii, wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Arizantini. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkpaɣna Atakama kañɩŋ pʊsaɣ piwolo pɩsɩɩna Hɔrini. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina wɛɛ kɩñɩnɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ se kɩmʊ Antariki keteŋa hɔɔlɩɣ nakʊyʊ ɖɔɖɔ.

Ɖɩwalanzɩ taa makɩɣna ɛzɩ 1 236 000 km2 yɔ nɛ ɛyaa kpeekpe kpɛndɩ 16 634 603.  Tɛtʊ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊko nɛ pɩta nɛ tɩwɛɛ Falparayiso taa nɛ payaɣ-tʊ se Pakɩ tɛtʊ yɔ tɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ Silii taa ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1 888. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tiposina Silii nɛ kilomɛtana ɛzɩ 3 000 yɔ. 

Silii tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Santiyago. Silii, Arzantini nɛ Iriigʊyee ajɛya taa kɛ Erɔpɩ ɛsa kuliye tɔm kɩlɩ tɔyʊ. Silii kɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɩlɩ wobu nɛ ɛsɩndaa kɛ Amerika Latini kpeekpe taa, pɩotasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ kɛ mʊlʊm nɛ tɔkɩm takɩlɩ tɔyʊʊ. Pɩkɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa temokrasi wɛ camɩyɛ yɔ. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlɩɣ-kʊ sukulinaa taa yɔ ŋgʊ lɛ siliyɛŋ ɛsɩpañɔlɩ. Pɔyɔɔdɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ riina simi, mapiidiigiini yaa ayimara nɛ fanaga rapanuwi. 

Liidiye nɖi spɔtɔkɩ peeɖe yɔ nɖɩ lɛ pezo. Silii mʊ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ caaʊ kɛ salaŋ fenaɣ 18 pɩnaɣ 1810 nɛ pañɩɣ nesɩ kpataa kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ mbʊ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ 18 pɩnaɣ 1810. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa kɛ Silii ɛjaɖɛ sʊ OCDE ŋgbɛyɛ taa. Kpaɣ lakɩŋ fenaɣ 11 pɩnaɣ 2006 lɛ Michelle Bachelet kaakɛŋna Silii ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ. Ɛ-tɛ alɩwaatʊ tɛ lakɩŋ fenaɣ 11 pɩnaɣ 2010. 

Pɔtɔ caca kɩfalʊʊ lɛ palɩzɩ Sebastián Piñera se ɛkɛ ɛjɑɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩñʊʊtʊ kpaɣna lakɩŋ fenaɣ 11 pɩnaɣ 2010 pɩsɩɩna lakɩŋ fenaɣ 11 pɩnɑɣ 2014. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩñʊʊtʊ kɩfalʊ yɔ ɖoɖoo Michelle Bachelet.
Siloovaakii

**Siloovaakii** kɛna Erɔpʊ nɛ hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ Erɔpʊ ajɛya kpeekpe kɩkpɛndʊ ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2004. Ajɛya wena acɔ Siloovaakii ñɩndʊ nbɛ ata yɔ anaa lɛ: hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Polɔñɩ, wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Ukirɛɛnɩ, piyele nɛ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Hɔŋgirii, pɩkazɩ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖi payaɣ-ɖɩ se Otirisi yɔ ɖɩwɛna, wɩsɩɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Cɛɛkɩ ɛjaɖɛ wɛna peeɖe.

Ɖooo ɛzɩ aloma fenaɣ 28 pɩnaɣ 1918 piwolo pɩsɩɩna lakɩŋ fenaɣ 1939 nɛ pɩkpaɣ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ 4 pɩnaɣ 1945 pɩsɩɩna saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ 31 pɩnaɣ 1992 mbʊ yɔ, Siloovaakii ɛjaɖɛ kaawɛ Cekɔsiloovaakii hɔɔlʊʊ taa. 

Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩunɛ ɖɩɩɖa ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ kɛ aloma fenaɣ 28 pɩnaɣ 1918 nɛ pʊcɔ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kacalaɣ wiye pɩnaɣ 1993 kɩlɩɩ Cekɔsiloovaakii hɔɔlʊʊ taa nɛ pɩla ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ sɩŋŋŋ. 

Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ keteŋa kpeekpe ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ aŋgba sakɩyɛ taa nɛ a-taa kɔyɔ: OTAN, OMC, OCDE yaa V4 nɛ ɖɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ Erɔpʊ keteŋa taa ajɛya wena atɔkɩ liidiye kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ nɛ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Eeroo yo ɖɩ-taa. Pɩnaɣ 2013 taa pakaliɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa lɛ, pana ɛyaa 5 410 836 nɛ tɩ-walanzɩ landammm taa wɛ ɛzɩ kiolmɛtanaa 49 035. 

Payaɣ Siloovaakii ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ se Andrej Kiska nɛkominañɩnʊ yɔ Robert Fico. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa yɔ ŋgʊ lɛ siloovaakɩ.
Siloveni

Siloveni kɛna Erɔpɩ nɛ hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛ Eerɔpʋ ajɛya kpeekpe kɩkpɛdɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ ŋɖɩ payaɣ se UE yɔ ɖɩ-taa. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkamaɣ yɔɔ tɛtʊ kɔyɔ: Itali ɛjaɖɛ, Otirisi ñɩnɖɛ, Hɔŋgiri ɛjaɖɛ kurowasi nɛ Adiriyatiki teŋgu. 

Pɩnzɩ akpagba mɩnɩŋ nɛɛlɛ taa kɛ Siloveni ɛjaɖɛ pɩsa Yʊgɔsɩlavi hɔɔlʊʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ nɛ mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kagbaanzɩ pɩnaɣ 1991 kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ. Siloveni ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩzʊ Eerɔpʋ ajɛya kpeekpe kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa kɛ agoza fenaɣ kacalaɣ wiye pɩnaɣ 2004. 

Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlɩɣ-kʊ ɖɔɖɔ sukulinaa taa yɔ ŋgʊ lɛ Silovɛnɩ.
Sinimaɣ

Sinimaɣ waa payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ size kɩlɛmɩŋ kiciɣdiŋ. Kɩlɛmɩŋ kiciɣdiŋ ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ ɛsɩyɛ kpena waa tʋmɩyɛ laɣsɩ. Fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa lɛ, ɛkɛ tʋmɩyɛ kɩpanɖɛ lʋbɛ n̄ɩnɖɛ «septième art». Tʋmɩyɛ lʋbɛ n̄ɩnɖɛ ɖɩnɛ, ɖɩ-hɩɖɛ lɩna tɩ kpɛnaʋ nʋmɔʋ taa.

Tɩ kpɛnaʋ tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ-ɩ payaɣna Fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "critique Ricciotto Canudo" kɛ pɩnzɩ 1020 n̄ɩnzɩ taa. Kɛlɛm kɛlɛm kɩlɛmɩŋ n̄ɩɣyʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ kɛlɛʋ kɛlɛ size, ɛhɛzɩ ɛsɩyɛ kpena yaa mɔŋgɔma cɔnaʋ se mɛkɛ aseɣɖe tʋ cee waa laŋga.

Sinimaɣ wɩlɩtʋ tʋnɛ, tɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ filim waa yaa. Pawɩlɩʋ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm kɩlɛmɩŋ ɛnɛ kɛ samaɣ kɛ takayaɣ kɩwalaɣ sɔsaɣ nakɛyɛ yɔ. Paalakɩ sinimaɣ ɛzɩ-ɩ pombo pamakɩ ɛ-yaa ɛsɩnda yɔ. Palakɩ sinimaɣ lɛ, ɛyʋ ɛpɩzɩʋ etukina kɩlaɖaa.

Sinimaɣ filim n̄ɩŋgʋ ŋgʋ, kɩbɩzɩʋ kɩkɛ, n̄ʋʋ taa tɔm lubutu yaa lɩmaɣza yaa maɣzɩm. Kɩbɩzɩʋ kɩkɛ ɖɔɖɔ aseɣɖe tʋmɩyɛ takayaɣ taa tɔm. Samaɣ ɛsɩnda kpaɣ kpaɣ sinimaɣ wɩlɩʋ kɛ ɛsɩyɛ kpena waa yaa mɔŋgɔma saawɩɖɛ tɩna wɛ ndɩ nɛ ŋgʋ pakaŋ takayaɣ nɛ palakɩ kɔ yɔ ɛzɩ-ɩ fɩlɩm paɖʋwa size ɛ-yaa ɛcɔna yɔ.

Takayaɣ filim tɩ-yɛ n̄ɩŋgʋ ŋgʋʋ lɛ, kɩwɛ camɩyɛ nɛ kɩtɛ kɩnaɣ ɖeu siŋŋ. Kɩ-tɛ camɩyɛ cɔnɔʋ taa lɩna wiŋ sɔsɔŋ n̄aŋ nɩyɛ yɔ. Miŋ ɛnʋ, ɛwɛ ampuli tɩyɛ, nɛ ɛhaɣ ɛsa nɛ takayaɣ kɩcɔnaɣ ŋga. Paɖʋʋ miŋ ɛnʋ lɛ, ɛtʋzɩna takayaɣ tʋɖʋɖʋ.

Takayaɣ ŋga kɛwɛ an̄ɩnʋʋ tɩyɛ, nɛ kanaɣ wayɩ nɛ taɣ. Sinimaɣ wɩlɩtʋ ndʋ, tɩlɩna ɖa-caanaa panɛ poɖoŋ taa : ɖajaa Émile Reynaud, nɛ ɖajaa Thomas Edison, nɛ pɩtasɩna ɖajaanaa mba payaɣ wɛ size frères Lumière waa yɔ yaa tobi yem size led.
Simbaabuwee

**Simbaabuwee** kɛna Afrika nɛ hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, Afrika nɛ Hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Pɔcɩwaanaa ɛjaɖɛ pɛwɛna, wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, Moozambiki ɛjaɖɛ piyele nɛ hayi kiŋ lɛ Sambii ɛjaɖɛ. 

Simbaabuwee nɛ Sambɛɛzɩ pɛhɛkʊ taa kamaɣ lɛ, kɛwɛ kpayɩ kpayɩ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ Sambɛɛzɩ pɔɔ tɛyɩna ajɛya anɛ a-hɛkʊ taa.

Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ yɔ Harare nɛ tɩwɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ nɛ ɖɩ-hayi nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa. Pakalɩ ɛyaa kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖi-taa lɛ pɛwɛ ɛzɩ ɛyaa miliyɔɔnaa 1,6 yɔ.

Kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pakɩlɩɣ yɔɔdɩɣ nɛ pawɩlɩʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ ɛnʊ lɛ: Aŋgilisi, Sonaa, Sindebele. Liidiye nɖi ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa tɔkaɣ yɔ nɖɩ lɛ Simbabuwee tɔɔlaarɩ pʊcɔ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ 2009, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pɛlɛɣzɩ-ɖɩ nɛ amerika tɔɔlarɩ yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ Afrika kpeekpe ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa.

Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖooo lɛ Grandɩ-Pretaañɩ kakpacayaɣna-ɖɩ nɛ pɩla mbʊ ɖɔdɔ mbʊyɔ ɖɩwɛɛ nɛ ɖɩlɛɛzɩɣ hɩla ndɩ ndɩ kpaɣna ɖooo ɖɩwɛʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ kamɩŋ fenaɣ 11 pɩnaɣ 1965. Paɖa-ɖɩ yaʊ se Rodeezii nɛ Hadɛ kiŋ pʊwayɩ lɛ, Rodeezii, pɩtasɩ lɛ payaa-ɖɩ ɖɔɖɔ se Simbaabuwee-Rodeezii. 

Ɖooo ɖomaɣ fenaɣ 17 pɩnaɣ 1980 taa  kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkpaɣ hɩɖɛ kpaagbaa ñɩnɖɛ se Simbaabuwee. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖi-ñʊʊtʊ payaɣ se Robert Mugabe nɛ ɛwɛ kpelaɣ yɔɔ ɖooo 1087 piyele nɛ kewiyaɣ ñʊʊtʊ yɔ Morgan Tsvangirai. Kewiyaɣ ñʊʊtʊ ɛnɛ ɛwɛ kpalaɣ yɔɔ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ 11 pɩnaɣ 2009.
Siɣsiɣ wɛtʊ (Justice)

Siɣsiɣ wɛtʊ (justice) kɛ lɛɣtʊ pɩlɩʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se filozofii yɔ ki-piliŋa nakɛyɛ. Siɣsiɣ wɛtʊ kɛ ɖɔɖɔ tɔm hʊʊ pɩlɩʊ taa piliŋa. Pɩkɛ ɖɔɖɔ paɣtʊ ndʊ ɛyʊ tɩŋɩɣna tɩ-yɔɔ nɛ yoŋ nɛ helu helu wɛtʊ ɛtaawɛɛ ɛyaa hɛkʊ taa yɔ. Paɣtʊ natʊyʊ haɣ waɖɛ se ɛyʊ ɛlabʊ pʊyʊ nɛ pɩfɛyɩ ɖeu kɔyɔ, pɔhɔ ɛ-nɩŋgbaŋʊʊ nɛ wiɖiyi ɛtaatasɩ labʊ mbʊ ɛlaba nɛ pɩfɛyɩ ɖeu yɔ. Sɔsɔ Taalion kaɖʊ paɣtʊ natʊyʊ nɛ tɩhaɣ waɖɛ se ɛyʊ ɛsɛtɩ lɛlʊ nɩwaŋ nɩŋgbaŋʊʊ kɔyɔ, pʊwɛɛ se pɛsɛtɩ ɛnʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɛ-nɩwaŋ naŋgbaŋʊʊ. Yee nɔɔyʊ ɛlɩ lɛlʊ nɩwaŋ ɛsɩyɛ yɔ, pʊwɛɛ se palɩzɩ ɛnʊ ɖɔɖɔ nɩwaŋ ɛsɩyɛ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛzaɣtʊ ndʊ ɛyʊ lakɩ yɔ, ɛzaɣtʊ ndʊ ɖeyi ɖeyi pɛhɛyɩɣ-ɩ. Ɛlɛ, sɔnɔdaa paɖɩzɩ paɣtʊ ndʊ.

Paɣtʊ natʊyʊ ñɔyɔɔdʊʊ se pʊwɛɛ se pɛhɛyɩ paa weyi lɛ ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ yaa ɛ-lakasɩ kɩbanzɩ nasɩyɛ yɔɔ. Weyi ɛlakɩ tʊma pʊɖɔɔ yɔ pʊwɛɛ se pɛhɛyɩ-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ pʊɖɔɔ. Weyi ɛlɛ lakɩ tʊmɩyɛ ñɩɩɩ yɔ, pʊwɛɛ se pɛhɛyɩ-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ ñɩɩɩ. Mbʊʊ payaɣ siɣsiɣ wɛtʊ. Pɩfɛyɩ se mulum ɛwɛɛ hɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊ taa.
 
Pɔtɔŋʊʊ se siɣsiɣ wɛtʊ yɔ, pɩkɛ pʊyʊ kʊɖʊm kedeŋa kpeekpe taa. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ anasaayɩnaa tɛ tɛtʊ taa siɣsiɣ wɛtʊ fɛyɩ ndɩ nɛ afrɩka tɛtʊ taa siɣsiɣ wɛtʊ. Paa mbʊʊ yɔ, ɛyaa mba pɛwɛ siɣsiɣ yɔ, pɛwɛ ndɩ ndɩ kpem. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se Tɔyɩ wɛ siɣsiɣ wɛʊ mbʊ yɔ pɩtɛkɛ mbʊʊ Kpacaa ñɛwɛ siɣsiɣ. Pɩtɩŋɛ mbʊ yɔ, pɩlɩɩna paa ɛyaa mba yaa paa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-sɔnzɩ cɔlɔ yaa ɖɩ-paɣtʊ cɔlɔ. Pʊwɛ kpem se siɣsiɣ wɛtʊ ɛwɛɛ samaɣ taa nɛ ɛzakuliye hɔɔlʊʊ taa nɛ paa anɩ ɛpɩzɩ ɛcaɣ wezuu camɩyɛ. Pɩkɛ paɣtʊ se siɣsiɣ wɛtʊ ɛwɛɛ ɛyaa hɛkʊ taa nɛ pɩsa nɛ ɛyʊ ña yaa ɛɖɔ ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʊ yɔɔ camɩyɛ. Pʊwɛɛ se siɣsiɣ wɛtʊ ɛhɔ mba paañaŋ ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʊ yɔ.

## Kɔndɔŋgɔ
* Carlo Biotti
Siyeeraa Leyɔɔnɩ

Siyeeraa Leyɔɔnɩ kɛna Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖuyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa makɩɣna ɛzɩ 71 740 km2 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa tala ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa 6,3 yɔ. Ajɛya wena acɔ Siyeeraa Leyɔɔnɩ nɛ ata yɔ, ana yɔ: Kinee nɛ Liiberiya ajɛya wɛna nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ hayi kiŋ, pɩkazɩ Atɩlantiki Lɩŋamʋʋ wɛna wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ. 

Siyeeraa Leyɔɔnɩ wɛ Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ajɛya wena akpɛnda  tɔsʊʊ nɛ liidiye kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ nɛ payaɣ-ɖɩ se CEDEAO yɔ ɖɩ-taa. Pɔcɔna sɩŋŋŋ lɛ, yeee pakpaɣ ɛyʊ kʊɖʊm wɛna ñɩm mbʊ kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ kɔyɔ, Siyeeraa Leyɔɔnɩ wɛ ajɛya wena a-taa kʊñɔntʊtʊ kɩlɩ wɛʊ kpem yɔ.  

Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se Fritawnɩ yɔ, Priitaaniki ɛjaɖɛ taa mba lɩzɩna tɛtʊ ndʊ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1787 nɛ pasɩʊ yomaa mba payakaɣ se pɛɖɛnɛ yɔ.

Ɖomaɣ fenaɣ 27 pɩnaɣ 1960 kɛ Siyeeraa Leyɔɔnɩ mʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ caɣʊ ɛlɛ ɛzɩma ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɖiu ɖiu caɣʊ fɛyɩ yɔ, ɛjaɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa kʊyʊʊ ɖama yɔɔ wɩsɩ nɛ ɖoo. Pɩla mbʊ lɛ, pɩnaɣ 1964 taa lɛ kewiyaɣ ñʊʊtʊ Milton Margaï, yele nɛ ɛ-ɖalʊ Albert Margaï mʊ-ɩ kewiyaɣ kpelaɣ.

Pɔtɔ caca kɛ lakɩŋ fenaɣ 1967 lɛ, Siaka Stevens wabɩna ɛlɛ ɛtapɩzɩnɛ ɛcaɣ kɔ-yɔɔ lɔŋ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ 1968 mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ yoŋ wɛɛ. 
Agoza fenaɣ 28 pɩnaɣ 1975 kɛ Siyeeraa Leyɔɔnɩ nɛ Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ajɛya hiu nɛ naanza lɛɛna caɣa nɛ alɩzɩ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se CEDEAO yɔ.
Sɩʊ

Siʊ yaa sɩwaa kɛna agɔlɔma wena akandayʊʊ ɖeɣwa yaa cejewiye, kooka, kookasi nɛ ɛzɩ kantɔɔ kpeekpe yɔ. Paasɩʊ sɩʊ yaa sɩɩnaa yem, tɩŋ nɔnɔɔ taa kɛ pasɩʊ-kʊ nɛ pɩkɛna teluu yaa teliŋ tɛ. Paa sɩʊ ŋgʊ kɩnɛ kɩ-hɩɖɛ. Lama-Ñaŋgbadɛ tɛ sɩʊ ŋgʊ kɩkandɩɣ egeetiyenɖɩ ɖɩ-yɔɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ payaɣ se Abɛɛsɩʊ. Egeetiye kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa cejewa naayɛ wɛna a-sɩwaa a-tɩ yɔɔ nɛ asɩŋna Abɛɛsɩʊ nɛ anaa yɔ Siŋjalɩm nɛ Cedeli. Kawɩlasɩ ɛwɩlaa kɔyɔ cɔjɔ yaa cɔjɔnaa kpɛyʊna yaa pɩkɛ cejewiye taa kɔyɔ, tamaɣ tɔɔyʊ yaa weyi pɛtɛma-ɩ sɔnzɩ labʊ yɔ, ɛnʊ eliziɣna yaa ɛwazʊʊ. 

Sɩʊ yaa sɩɩnaa mba peheniɣna samaɣ se kɩpam yaa kɩdɛkɛdɩm caɣ labʊ. Sɩʊ ɛyɔɔdʊʊ kɔyɔ, kɩpɩsɩɣ sumaɣ nɛ kiwii. Ɖoŋ ɖɔŋ taa lɛ, kpiziyuu kɛ kɩpɩsɩɣ nɛ kiwii. Yee pɩkɛ kɩdɛkɛdɩm kɔyɔ tɛʊ feŋ ca lɛ, ɖɩwa taa sɔsɔ kpakɩɣ pɔ;oyasɩ nɛ ɛyɛlɩ tɩwaa nɛ ɛna se ɛbɛ lakɩ yaa ɛbɛ ɛɛlakɩ. Pɩwɛɛ mbʊ lɛ, paa sɩʊ ɛɛwɩlɩɣ kawɩlaɣ yaa kawɩlasɩ kɔyɔ, pɩkɛna kɩjɛyʊʊ se palaa-kʊ, mbʊ yebina nɛ pɔtɔŋ kʊtɔmɩyɛ se Sɩʊ eewɩɣ, paalaɣ-kʊ?
Somboɖe

Somboɖe kɛ tɩŋ piye ndɩ pɔtɔkɩ yɔ payaɣ ɖɩ-tɩŋ ɖɔɖɔ se Somboɖe tɩŋ (Carica papaya) tɩŋ ŋgʊ kɩlɩna Mɛkɩsiiki ɛjaɖɛ taa. Piye ndɩ ɖɩ-taa wɛ pee wili wili nɛ ɖɩ-taa mʊtʊ wɛna leleŋ tɩŋga, ɖɩwɛ ɛzɩ yaɖɛ yaa kulukulu nɛ ɖɩ-ɖalakɩŋ maɣna ɛzɩ sentɩmɛta naa 21 ntalɩ 31 nɛ pɔtɔkɩ pɩtaa mʊtʊ. Ɖɩyuŋ kɔyɔ kiilo kʊyʊmʊ yaa nabʊyʊ taa kiilo naa kɩgbanzɩ. Ɖɩ-taa wɛ pee kɩkpɛda sakɩyɛ. Somboɖe pɩɣʊ lɛ ɖɩwɛʊ tɩŋ hatʊ sɛmɩŋ caʊʊ nɛ ɖɩ-lɩm wɛ sʊtʊ lɩm leemuu tɩyɛ yaa ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩwɛna sɛmɩŋ lɛɛŋ ɖɔɖɔ.

 
Sombolaa naayɛ wɛ pɛlɛza alʊlʊʊ pɩlɩna ɖɛzʊʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ se awɛ ɖoŋ nɛ Ringspot kʊdɔŋ. Pasɩma soŋpolaa a-naa nɛa-hɩɖɛ se Rainbow yaa SunUp nɛ pahaɣ waɖɛ se Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa yeke pahayɩ-yɛ, nɛ powokina Sapɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ Kanadaa ɛjaɖɛ taa.

Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ pamazɩ hayɩm naa nabɛyɛ Tayilandɩ nɛ Ositraalii ajɛyɛ taa nɛ pahaɣ waɖɛ se pahayɩ soŋpolaa a-naa peɖe. Sompolaa a-naa a-tɛ hiɣ kpeekpe kedeŋga tɩŋga taa kɛkɛ ɛzɩ tɔnɩ naa miiliyɔɔ naa 12,4 pɩnaɣ 2012 taa pɩkɩlɩ nɛ Ɛɛndɩ pɩtɩŋ Piresiili nɛ Ɛndonezi. Lɩm kʊlʊmʊm nabʊyʊʊ lɩɣ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pafakɩ soŋpoɖe kɩdapɩbʊʊ yɔ. Cɩɩyɩm mbʊ pɩkɩɣ lɛɛlɛ ɛlɛ ŋpɩzɩ ŋnabʊ ɛlɛ ŋkayʊʊ yaa ŋleeŋ wɩsɩ yɔɔ pɔcɔ.
Somory Touré

Palʋla Almamy Samory Touré pɩnaɣ 1830 ɩ̃ŋa taa mbʋ yɔ. Palʋla-ɩ tɛtʋ ndʋ payaɣa se Maniambaladougou yɔ tɩ-taa. Tɛtʋ ńdʋ, tɩkɛ sɔnɔ se Kinee ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ natʋyʋ. 

Samory Touré tɔlɩ Guélémou tɛtʋ taa. Guélémou tɛtʋ kɛ sɔnɔ Kootidivʋwarɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛ tɛtʋ natʋyʋ. Sɔsɔ Samory Touré wona sɔsaa mʋlʋm mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ kɩyakʋ naalɛ ñɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1900 ǹɩŋa taa. Ndjolé tɛtʋ taa, tɛtʋ tʋnɛ tɩpɩsɩna sɔnɔ Kaabɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ. 

Sɔsɔ Samory Touré ɖʋna Wassoulou  kewiyaɣ. Samory Touré kaɖɩna Fransɩɩ waa mba pasʋwaɣ Afrɩka nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ ajɛya taa se pakpacayɩ ajɛya ana a-taa ñɩma yɔ. Ɖajaa Ahmed Samory Touré kɛŋna Kiinee ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ kajalaɣ tʋ. Ɛ-cɔzɔ payaɣa se Samory. 

Ahmed Samory Touré ɖoo payaɣ se Sokhona Camara. Samory Touré ñɩma sɛwaɣ malɩŋ Ɛsɔ, ɛlɛ, pɔkɔɔ pekizi malɩŋ Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ńdʋ nɛ papɩsɩ sɩɩnaa layaa.

Yoŋ kɛwɛ Samory Touré alɩwaatʋ taa Afrɩka nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ cejewa ndɩ ndɩ taa. Cissé cejewiye taa ñɩma kʋyɩ Samory Touré cejewiye yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1848 ñɩŋa taa nɛ papɩzɩ pakpa Samory Touré ɖoo, Sokhona Camara nɛ powona-ɩ pe-cejewiye taa nɛ papɩsɩ-ɩ po-yom. Youlaɖʋ sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ se Sory Bourama yɔ, ɛnʋ ɖiyaɣna Cissé cejewiye taa ñɩma youlaɖaa.

Ɖenɖe Ahmed Samory Touré tɛfɛyɩna liidiye sakɩyɛ se ɛpɩzɩ ɛhɛyɩ Cissé cejewiye taa ñɩma nɛ ɛpɩzɩ ɛmʋ e-ɖoo yɔ, ɛtɛzɩ wobu nɛ ɛcaɣ paba cejewiye taa ñɩma cɔlɔ nɛ ɛlakɩ-wɛ pa-tʋma. Cissé cejewiye taa peeɖe Ahmed Samory Touré kpɛlɛkɩ malɩfa tɔʋ. Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ Cissé cejewiye taa ñɩma sɔnzɩ pɔzʋʋ yɔ, pʋwɛɛ se Samory Touré lakɩ-wɛ tʋmɩyɛ pɩnzɩ lʋbɛ nɛ fenasɩ lʋbɛ nɛ kɩyakɩŋ lʋbɛ nɛ pʋcɔ ɛpɩzɩ ɛmʋ e-ɖoo weyi pakpa-ɩ nɛ ɛlɛ kɛ po-yom yɔ. Pɩnzɩ lʋbɛ nzɩ nɛ fenasɩ lʋbɛ nɛ kɩyakɩŋ lʋbɛ ɛnʋ Samory Touré caɣ Cissé cejewiye taa ñɩma cɔlɔ nɛ pʋcɔ petisi pɛcɛlɛ-ɩ e-ɖoo.

Ɖenɖe Samory Touré kɛkpɛlɛka malɩfa tɔʋ Cissé cejewiye taa ñɩma cɔlɔ yɔ, ɛmʋ e-ɖoo wayɩ lɛ, ɛsʋʋ Saransware-Mori sɔɔjanaa tʋmɩyɛ taa. Saransware-Mori kɛkɛ Bérété cejewiye taa ñɩma sɔɔjanaa nɔɔɖɛyʋ. Bérété cejewiye nɛ Cissé cejewiye patanaɣ ɖama nɛ ɛsɩyɛ kpem. Samory Touré laba pɩnzɩ naalɛ sɔɔjatʋ ńdʋ tɩ-taa nɛ pʋcɔ ɛpɩsɩ e-cejewiye, Camara ñɩnɖɛ taa.

Samory Touré kɔma ɛpɩsɩ youlaɖaa ñʋʋdʋ pɩnaɣ 1861 taa. Ɛpɩsɩ youlaɖaa ñʋʋdʋ lɛ, eɖuu se ɛnʋ kaɖɩɣna Cissé nɛ Bérété pe-cejewa taa ñɩma nɛ piyele Camara cejewiye taa ñɩma caɣ ɖiɣɖiɣ nɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ taa.
Soojaa

Soojaa yaa sonaa tɩŋ num ñɩŋ pɩkɛ tɩŋ weyi ɛlakɩ pɩnaɣ yɔ. Ɛlɩnɛ hatʊ ɖozi tɩŋ tɛ ɛ-tɛ nɛ Azii wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ. Soojaa ŋgʊ kɩwɛ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩnɛ kɩ-tɛ lʊlʊʊ cɔlɔ, lɛɛŋ kota nɛ pee sɛmɩŋ lʊlʊʊ alɩwaatʊ ñɔtɩ kpam nɛ kɩɖe tɛ ñɩŋ nɛ kɩmaɣna nɛkɛdɛm nɛ ŋgʊ pakɩlɩ hayʊʊ. Kɩ-piliŋzi ɖalakɩŋ maɣna mɛta naa 30 ntalɩ 130 mbʊ yɔ nɛ kɩ-hatʊ tɛɣ ɖama taa natozo natozo. Kɩ-tɛ pee wɛ hʊndʊʊ pɔyɩŋ taa, ɛ-ɖalɩ tʊzɛɛ yaa ɛ-koti ɛzɩ tɔʊ yɔ nɛ ɛ-taa wɛʊ pee naalɛ yaa natozo. Padakpaɣnɛ-kʊ ɛzɩ ɖozi hayʊ kɩwɩlɩɣ yɔ, ɛlɛ,ɛzɩ num tɩŋ kɛ ŋgbɛɛ ndɩ ɖɩjɔŋna tɔnasɩ nɛ haɖaʊ pɔyɔ yɔ ndɩ payaɣ se FAO.
 
Soojaa kɛ ñɩm sɔsɔɔm tɔsʊʊ huuu nɔmɔʊ taa ɖooo pɩnzɩ 5000 cɔlɔ mbʊ yɔ. Pahayʊʊ-kʊ kɩ-pee pɩlɩna kɩ-tɛ cɛŋgbɛ mʊlʊm nɛ kɩ-tɛ num yɔ, ɛyaa tɔkɩ-kʊ ɖɔɖɔ tɛtɛ kpɩna tɔkɩ-kʊ ɖɔɖɔ. Pehilii-kʊ ɖozi kɩ-tɛ nalɩm wɛ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ kɩ-tɛ num wɛna wazaɣ sɩŋ tʊma sɔsɔnaa ndɩ ndɩ taa. Ajɛyaa wena akɩlɩɣ-kʊ hayʊʊ yɔ a-naa yɔ Etaazuunii nɛ Preeziili nɛ Arɩzantɩnɩ nɛ Siini nɛ Ɛndɩ.
  
Soojaa tɩŋ wɛ ɛzɩ ñɩyʊʊ ɛlɛ pahayɩ-kʊ kɩhayʊʊ nɛ kɩlɩnɛ ñɩtʊʊ taa Soojaa cɔlɔ kɛnɛ. Soojaa tɩŋ tɩŋga yɔ wɛ (hatʊ pɩlɩnzɩ nɛ pɔyɩŋ) hʊndʊ tɩsɛ caʊʊ yaa huluu sɛmɩŋ. Kɩ-hatʊ tɛ ɖama taa nɛ pʊtɔzʊʊ ɛzɩ sonaa hatʊ yɔ. Hatʊ cɩkpetʊ ndʊ tɩ-ɖalakɩŋ maɣna sentɩmɛtaa naa 6 ntalɩ 15 walanzɩ kɔyɔ 2 ntalɩ 7. Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ sonaa yɔ kajalaɣ hatʊ ha ɖama nɛ siiye hatʊ ndʊ tɩtɔʊ nɛ pʊcɔ pɩtalɩ pɔyɩŋ lʊlʊʊ alɩwaatʊ.


File:So_3.jpg
File:Lait-soya-soja-beans-legumineuse-Pixabay.jpg
File:Kalo_Bhatmas.jpg
File:Soybean Oil, Meal and Beans (10059732523).jpg
File:Soy_powder.jpg
Soomaali

Soomaali kɛna Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ.

Pɩnaɣ 1949 kɛ kedeŋ kpeekpe ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se ONU yɔ, ɖɩkpaɣ Soomaalɩ nɛ ɖɩcɛlɛ Itaalii ŋgʊ pɩnaɣ 1948 taa hɔɔlɩɣʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Ogadɛŋ yɔ kɩɩtɛma wɛʊ Etiyoopii nesi tɛɛ. 

Pɩnaɣ 1960 kɛ Soomaalɩ mʊ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ caɣʊ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ, ɖooo lɛ pɩɩkɛ hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩlɛ nɛ tuuɖe ajɛya Itaalii nɛ Priitaaniki kpacayaɣna-ɩ. Haɖɛ kiŋ hɔɔlɩɣʊ lɛ Itaalii ñaawɛna nɛ hayi kiŋ lɛ Priitaaniki ɖeɖe lɛ.

Pʊwɛɛ mbʊ lɛ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ ñaañaɣ pana nɛ ɖɩmʊ Cibuuti ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1862. Fransɩ hɔɔlɩɣʊ kʊnɛ kʊkʊ la ɖɛfɛɛɛ ɖɛfɛɛɛ nɛ kɩwɛɛ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1977.

Kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1960 nɛ 1969 taa Soomaali ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ weyi payaɣ se Aden Abdullah Osman Daar nɛ ɛ-wayɩ ñɩnʊ weyi payaɣ ɛlɛ se  Abdirashid Ali Shermarke yɔ, pañaɣ pana se ɖama nɩnaʊ nɛ ɖiu ɖiu caɣʊ ɛwɛɛ ɛlɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ɖɩ-hayi kiŋ nɛ ɖɩ-hadɛ kiŋ hɔɔlɩɣʊ paanɩɣna-ɖama nɛ yoŋ wɛɛ paa ɖoye.

Aloma fenaɣ 1954 kɛ Soomaali ɛjaɖɛ lɩza kɩ-kɩɖaʊ kɛtɛka.
Sonaa kʊnʊŋ

Sonaa yaa Sisona yaa Siwiina yaa Zezuru kɛ Pantu waa kʊnʊŋ yaa ɖama tɛ kʊnʊŋ kɩkɩlɩʊ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ keeke Simbaabuwee ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ ɖeeɖe kɩwɛ kewiyaɣ tɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ hiʊ nɛ loɖo taa yɔ. Pɔyɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ ɖɔɖɔ ajɛyɛ lɛɛna taa ɛzɩ Afria nɛ Haɖɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ Afrika nɛ Hɛkʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ Pɔcɩwaanaa nɛ Malawii nɛ Sambii ajɛyɛ taa.

Ɛyaa mɩnɩʊ yɔ lɛ hiŋ lutozo lakɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ Sonaa kʊnʊŋ yaa ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ waa loɖo pɩnaɣ 1989 taa. Ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ waa lʊbɛ yɔɔdʊʊ Sonaa kʊnʊŋ pɩnaɣ 1990. Sonaa kʊnʊŋ tɛ tɔm maʊ nɛ tɔm cɔlʊʊ paɣtʊ kpaɣna kpaɖʊ nɛɛlɛ paɖʊ-tʊ pɩnzɩ 1950 taa. Pawɩlɩɣ Sonaa kʊnʊŋ sukuli taa ɛlɛ, palakɩ-kʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ wɩlɩtʊ hɔɔlɩŋ tɩŋga taa.

Kɩwɛna matʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ Sonaa tɔm kpouŋ wɛ nɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ tɔm kpouŋ wɛ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Sonaa-Ɛnglɩsɩ. Sɔnɔ Sonaa kʊnʊŋ ñɩkʊʊ niye tɩmʊʊ liɖe ndɩ payaɣ se Zezuru yɔ tɛ yɔɔdɔɣ yɔ Simbaabuwee hɛkʊ taa.
Soowa (Shoah)

Soowa (Hɛbra kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, שואה pʊtɔbʊʊ se azɛyʊʊ), pɩkɛ Yuda ɛyaa samaɣ ɖɩzɩɣ. Caama ɛyaa ɖɩzaɣna Yuda ɛyaa mba, nɛ ɛyaa mba pakʊwa yɔ patalɩ ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ naa kɩgbanzɩ nɛ loɖo hɛkʊ taa mbʊ yɔ yaa ɖɩkpaɣ Yuda ɛyaa natozo Eerɔpʋ taa kɔyɔ pakʊ ɛyaa naalɛ mbilim yaa kedeŋga taa Yuda mba mɩnʊʊ yɔɔ lɛ, ɛyaa hiŋ nanza, kɛ kedeŋga kpeekpe you naalɛ ŋgʊ alɩwaatʊ taa.
 
Pɔyɔɔdʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ se mɩŋ ñaɣzɩɣ kɩlaʊ yaa Yuda ɛyaa mɩŋ ñaɣzɩɣ kɩlaʊ yaa Caama mɩŋ ñaɣzɩɣ kɩlaʊ yaa Eerɔpʋ taa Yuda mba kʊʊ. Tɔm kɛdɩyaa nɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ kpɛlɛkɩyaa yaa tɩlɩyaa hɛkʊ taa wɛ ndɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ siŋ kɛ tɔmpiye nɖɩ palabɩna nɛ tʊmɩyɛ keeke yɔ.   

Yuda mba, Caama maɣmaɣ wɩlɩ-wɛ niye se pɛkɛ po-koyondina mba pɩfɛyɩ palabɩ-wɛ pʊdɔdɩyɛ wɛɛ pɩkpɛndɩna pa-lɩmaɣza nɛ po-tomnaɣ, ñɔɔsɩ kpa-wɛ halɩ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ pasɩ poloñi tɛtʊ cipketu ndʊ tɩ-taa kaawɛ Yuda mba yɔ nɛ soofiyetiki kɩkpɛndʊʊ ŋgʊ pʊɖɔkɩna-kʊ yɔ kɩ- taa. 

Pakʊ-wɛ nɛ malɩfa naa kɛ Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa nɛ paya hɩɖɛ se soowa malɩfa pɛɛ tɛ ŋgʊ. Tʊma ɖoŋ ñɩnaa labʊ nɛ tɔɔnaɣ kɩɩtalʊʊ pɩlɩŋ weyi ɛ-taa pakʊɣa-wɛ, pakʊɣa-wɛ nɛ fefekiŋ fefekiŋ lɔɔɖaa taa yaa fefekiŋ kuduyiŋ tɛɛ ɖenɖe pɔtɔyɩtaɣ-wɛ yɔ. Hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa tomnasɩ nzɩ pataapiŋ yɔ pañazaɣ-sɩ mɩŋ siɖaa tɔlɔɔŋ taa nɛ pamɩzɩɣ pɔ-tɔlɔma.
  
Yuda mba tɛ tɔyɩtʊ kedeŋga kpeekpe you naalɛ ŋgʊ alɩwaatʊ taa lɩna ɛzɩma tʊma sɔsɔna  tʊmɩyɛ labʊ cɔlɔ nɛ kpelasi taa tʊma laɖaa nɛ lɛɣtʊ laɣsɩ cɔlɔ, mbʊ piyeba nɛ Caama pɩzɩ kɩɖɩzɩ samaɣ ŋga, tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩɩsɔʊ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ kpoyi. Ɖama tɛyʊʊ kʊñɔŋ alɩwaatʊ, pɩtɛ you ŋgʊ kɩñɩnaɣ ɖɩzɩɣ samaɣ ŋga katafɛyɩna sɔɔjɔnaa yaa politiki nakʊyʊ tɛ ɖoŋ, pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ yɔ kʊyaa yaa pʊdɔdɩyɛ fɛyɩ tɩnaa kaamaɣzɩna tʊ.
 
Halaa, piyaa (halɩ pɩkpɛndɩna piyaa cɩɩ cɩɩ waa) nɛ akpadɩyaa pagba patɩŋga nɛ pakʊ sakɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ abalaa sɔsaa. Piyaa ma-ñʊʊ sɩba waa mba patɔyɩtɩ-wɛ patalɩ piyaa 1500000. Pʊcɔ Yuda ɛyaa tɛ kʊʊ alɩwaatʊ yaa kʊʊ alɩwaatʊ wayɩ lɛ, pewilaɣ po-wonduu taa ɖoŋ nɛ paɖɩzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ tɛ ɛsakuliye nɛ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ tʊmɩyɛ.
Sophie Kiɖeɖeu Keɖeyaɣ wondu ɖɩɣa

Sophie Kiɖeɖeu Keɖeyaɣ wondu ɖɩɣa payana anasaayɩ taa size Musée Sainte-Sophie. Hɩɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩtɔbʋʋ palɩza kɛlɛ size «lɔndʋ yaa lɔnzɩnɖɛ tʋ kiɖeɖeu». Padasɩ paɣlɩzɩ ɖi-tɔbʋʋ ɖɔdɔ size«lɔndʋ yaa lɔnzɩnɖɛ tʋ ɛsɔ keem». Nɛ Tuurkii ɛjaɖɛ kʋnʋŋ taa lɛ, paɖanɩ keɖeyaɣ wondu ɖɩɣa Sophie kɩɖeɖeu hɩɖɛ sɔsɔyɛ nɖɩ yaʋ size krɩstʋ Ɛsɔ sɛʋ ŋgbɛyɛ kuduyuu tʋ Kɔnsɩtantiinɔplɩ.

Ɛsɔ sɛʋ ŋgbɛ kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ Kɔnsɩtantiinɔplɩ ngʋ, pama-kʋ kajalaɣ taa keeke kɛ kpaɖʋ naanaza(4) alɩwaatʋ taa. Nɛ paɖaɣnɩ-kʋ maʋ kɛ nabʋlɛ ɖeɖe camɩyɛ kpoŋgozuu yaa kɩpaɣlɩ camɩyɛ kɛ kpaɖʋ loɖo (6) alɩwaatʋ taa.

Ɖɩɖɔkɩ camɩyɛ size matʋ ndʋ kɩwɛna halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ. Nɛ matʋ sɔsɔtʋ ndʋ, tɩpɩsaɣ pɩwayɩ kɛ, cinŋili yaa malɩŋ Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ŋgbɛ kuduyuu kɛ kpaɖʋ hiu nɛ kagbanzɩ (15) alɩwaatʋ taa. Pɩɩkɛ ɖajaa sɔsɔ Mehmet 2 n̄azɩtʋ taa yaa malɩŋ ɖiɣiyuu tɛ alɩwaatʋ taa.

Kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ kʋnɛ, kɩwɛna lɩm nɔɔ yɔ kɛnkɛ kiŋ nɛ ɖooo canaʋ taa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ paya-ɖɩ size Isitambuli yɔ. Ɖɩɖɔkɩ lɛɛlɛɛ yɔ size, kɩ-tatasɩ kɩkɛ ciŋili yaa malɩŋ Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ŋgbɛ kuduyuu. Yaa ɛzɩ, kɩlaŋ lone yaa Ɛsɔ samtʋ lone naɖɩ, ɛlɛ, ɖɩpɩsaɣ lɛɛlɛɛ yɔ Sophie Kiɖeɖeu keɖeyaɣ wondu ɖɩyaɣ.

Keɖeyaɣ wondu ɖiyaɣ kanɛ, ka-kadaɣ wala wandam nɛ pɩkɛna, Pɩzansɩ  kɛ samtʋ maɣzɩtʋ. Nabʋyʋ taa lɛ, paɖaɣna keɖeyaɣ wondu ɖiyaɣ kanɛ hɩɖɛ sʋʋ size Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ŋgbɛ sɔsɔyɛ. Paasiliki(basilique) kɛna krɩstʋ yatʋ ɖeke koŋ. Nɛ payaɣ tobi size *Ɛsɔ lɔŋ*.

Ɛsɔ tɔm kpɛlɛkɩ tʋ sɔnzɩ kaaɣlɩza hɩɖe yaa yatʋ ndʋ tʋtɔbʋʋ. Kɔɔnɔɔ paasiliki kɛ krɩstʋ mba caanaʋ wɛɛ taa payaɣ n̄amtʋ hɩɖɛ ɖɩnɛ size *Ɛsɔ keem lɔŋ*. Ɖajaa wiyau sɔsɔ, Constantin kaasɔlana size payaɣ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ kɛ pɩnaɣ 330 taa kɛ etisuu krɩstʋ yɔɔ wayɩ.
Sidaa

Sidaa kɛ kʊɖɔŋ ŋgʊ ɛyʊ hikiɣ wɩsɩ nɛ wɩsɩ yɔ. Kɩkɛ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-wɛtʊ nɛ kɩ-lakasɩ tɩŋga kʊʊ ɛyʊ tɔmnaɣ taa pʊtʊna mba palʊkɩna kʊɖɔmɩŋ yɔ,ɛlɛ, pɩtɩŋna VIH yɔɔ kɛnɛ. VIH kɛnɛ kpaagba lone ndɩ ɖɩ-yɔɔ sidaa tɩŋgɩɣ nɛ kʊsʊʊ yɔ. Kʊkʊʊ ɛyʊ pɩtɩŋnɛ kʊdɔmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ weyi ɛtɩŋna kʊ-yɔɔ nɛ ɛsʊ ɛyʊ tomnaɣ taa yɔ. Ɛyʊ weyi sidaa kpayɩ yɔ yaa ɛwɛna sidaa kʊdɔŋ yɔ payayɩ-ɩ se sidaa tʊ yaa sidaa ɛyʊ.
   		
Nɔmɔŋ niidozo kɔdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩtɩŋna nɛ kʊsʊʊ ɛyʊ tomnaɣ taa. Nɔmɔŋ ɛ-nʊ yɔ, kajalaɣ ŋgʊ ŋgʊ kɩkɛ sɔsɔʊ yɔ kɛlɛ kʊzʊʊ. Naalɛ ŋgʊ lɛ calɩm tɔbʊʊ se mba palakɩ tʊmɩyɛ tabakʊyɔɔ ŋga pɔsɔkɩ ɛyaa nɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛyaa mba palakɩ tʊmɩyɛ alaafɩya hɔɔlʊʊ taa (sɩɩna pɩnaɣ 1980 tɛmtʊ taa, mba paɖʊ-wɛ calɩm po-tomnasi taa kɔzɩ kɔzɩ mba pa-calɩm kiwa yɔ hiɣ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ calɩm mbʊ paɖʊʊ-wɛ pɩ-taa wɛ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ). Naatozo nɔmɔʊ kɛlɛ ɖoyo nɛ ɛ-pɔɔ, kɩpɩzɩɣ kɩkpa pɔɔ ko-ɖoo lotu taa kɛ kpaagba kɔzɔɖɔ naa taa kɛ hɔɔ alɩwaatʊ taa yaa ɖɩ-lʊʊlɩyɛ taa nɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɖɩ-mʊzɩyɛ taa.

Kedeŋga kpeekpe kʊdɔŋ kʊnɛ kɩsɛɣ ɛsɩyɛɛ kpaɣ pɩnzɩɣ 1970 taa nɛ kɩpɩsɩ sʊʊtʊ ajɛyɛɛ tɩŋga. Kʊsʊʊ hʊyʊʊ yeke koŋ ɖaŋgʊʊna kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ se kɩ-taa kpa ɛyʊ nɛ sɩɣsɩɣ yaa kele kele wɛtʊ pɩzʊʊna pɩɖaŋ ɛyʊ yɔɔ. Pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ yɔ kɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ fɛyɩ se ɖɩpɩzʊʊ nɛ ɖɩwaa kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ. Ɛlɛ, kɔɔ naayɛ wɛɛ papɩzɩɣ pasɩɣna kʊdɔndɩnaa, ɛlɛ awɛ liiidiye.
 
Ajɛyɛ wena awɛna ñɩm yɔ a-yeke apɩzɩɣna ayakɩ pɩtɛ kɔɔ. Piyele wena awɛ tanɩm taa yɔ a-tɛ kʊdɔndɩnaa lakɩ kʊñɔŋ. Ɛyaa ɛzɩ mɩnʊʊ yɔ lɛ, hiŋ nakʊ nɛ kɩgbanzɩ lakɩ kʊñɔŋ (95%). Pʊyɔɔ yɔ tɔnʊʊ taa alaafɩya ñɩnʊʊ ŋgbɛyɛ ndɩ ɖɩyaɣ se ONU, pɩtɩŋna ɖɩ-lɩmaɣza yɔ pɩlɩna sidaa kʊdɔŋ ONU SIDA yɔ lɛ, lɩza lɩmaɣza ndɩ ndɩ nɛ kʊlʊkɩna sidaa kʊdɔŋ.
  
Nɔmɔŋ niitozo weyi VIH kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩɖɛʊna yɔ wɛna paa ŋgʊ kɩ-wɛtʊ. Kʊzʊʊ nɛ calɩm nɛ hɔɔ alɩwaatʊ nɛ hɩɖɛ mʊzʊʊ alɩwaatʊ. Sakɩyɛ taa lɛ, kɩɖɛʊ pɩkɩlɩna kʊzʊʊ ŋgʊ palakɩ-kʊ nɛ paaɖʊʊ kʊzʊʊ hʊyʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ yem taa se kɔndɔm. Kʊzʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa kɩɖɛʊ ŋgʊ pɩtɩŋna sʊŋgɔɔ nɛ lɩm mbʊ pɩlɩɣ kʊzʊʊ alɩwaatʊ taa (yaa calɩm mbʊ pɩ-taa wɛ sidaa kʊdɔŋ yɔ) nɛ mʊʊna lɩm mbʊ pɩlɩɣ abalɩtʊ yaa halɩtʊ taa nɛ ɖɔɖɔ mɔŋ tɛ yaa nɔɔ taa. Kʊɖɔŋ ŋgʊ pʊtɔma kɩɖɛʊ ɛyaa ɛzɩ 0,005 % nɛ 0,5 % pɩtɩŋna kʊzʊʊ yɔ nɛ ɛyʊ weyɩ ɛtɛma-kʊ wɛnaʊ yɔ pɩlɩna kʊzʊʊ ŋgʊ ɛlakɩ yɔ kʊ-cɔlɔ.
 
Ɛyʊ ɛtɔsɔɔlɩ se kɩkpa-ɩ kɔyɔ, pɩkɩlɩ ɖeu nɛ pɩkɛna kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɛsɔɔlɩ kʊzʊʊ hʊzʊʊ ɖʊʊ paa ɛzɩmta. Kiyeke koŋ kaɖaŋgʊna kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ se kɩ-taa ɖɛɛ ɛyʊ lɛlʊ weyi ɛfɛyɩna-kʊ yɔ. Ñɩnʊʊ nɛ Kpɛlɛkʊʊ nɔmɔŋ taa pɩwɩlɩɣ keele se kʊzʊʊ hʊyʊʊ yaba ɛyaa ñʊŋ nɛ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩpasɩ ajɛyɛ sakɩyɛ taa. Ɖɩtaasɔɔ se hʊyʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ pɔza alɩwaatʊ kpaʊ pazɩ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ndʊ ɖʊkʊʊ camɩyɛ deyi deyi kɔyɔ pɩɩlakɩ.
Sophocle

Sophocle kɛ Krɛsɩ tʋ. Ɛkɛ abalʋ weyi ɛfɛyɩ felendu kpataa yaa kaʋ yɔ. Palʋla ɖajaa sɔsɔ Sophocle ɛnʋ kɛ pɩnaɣ 495 n̄ɩŋga taa nɛ pɩcɔ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ. Ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa peeɖe kɛ kooka yaa egeetiye nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Colone yɔ ɖɩ-taa peeɖe kɛ palʋla ɖajaa ɛnʋ.

Ɛkɛ n̄amtʋ pɩɣa ɛ-taabalaa nɛ ɛ-samaɣ ŋga ɛwɛ ka-taa yɔ kɛ-sɩnda. Ɛ-pɩcatʋ taa ɛɛkɛ pɩɣa ŋga kɛwɛ lɛɣtʋ siŋŋ yɔ. Ɛsɩba pɩnaɣ 406 n̄ɩŋga taa nɛ pɩcɔ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ. Egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛsɩba yɔ, ɖeɖe tɔm n̄ɩnʋ mayaɣ tabazɩ patɩlɩ keekee.

Ɖajaa sɔsɔ Sophocle kɛ maɣzɩm takayasɩ kɩkalasɩ mayʋ tʋmɩyɛ laɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ kɛ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ Krɛsɩ tɛtʋ taa peeɖe. Patʋma aseɣɖe lɩzɩyaa kɔyɔ : ɖajaa sɔsɔ Eschyle, nɛ sɔsɔ Euripide. Ɛkɛ takayasɩ ndɩ ndɩ mayʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛlɩza yaa ɛma maɣzɩm takayasɩ kɩkalasɩ nzɩ yɔ, sɩtaɣlʋ ɛzɩ mɩnʋ nɛ pɩtɩnɩ pʋyɔ kɛ mbɩ yɔ.

Sɔɔndʋ tɔm yaa sɔɔndʋ pɩyʋ tɔm takayasɩ kɩmamasɩ ɛwakana mazɩtʋ ndɩ ndɩ. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ kʋyaa siŋŋ. Sakɩyɛ sɩmaŋ pɩlɩɩna ɛ-tʋma kɩbana nɛ ɖeu labʋ yɔ. Ɖajaa 

sɔsɔ Sophocle caa kɛ payaɣ size Sophilos. Palʋla ɛ-caa kɛ pɩnaɣ 496 nɛ pɩcɔ palʋlʋʋ Yeesu Krɩstʋ. Lɔŋ weyi ɖajaa sɔsɔ ɛnɛ ɛpaɣlɩna yɔ ɛn̄ɔsɛyɩ kamaɣ fɛyɩ.
Stephen Hawking

Stephen William Hawking, palʊla-ɩ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 8 pɩnaɣ 1942 Oxford - 14 March 2018, ɛkɛ tomnasi ɖɔnɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ kazɩŋga paɣtʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ Piritaniiki ɛjaɖɛ taa. Stephen Hawking kɛ lɛɣtʊ yaa tɩlɩyɛ wɩlɩyʊ Cambridge sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa pɩnaɣ 1980 ŋtalɩ 2009, ɛwɛɛ Gonville and Caius College ŋgbɛyɛ taa Cambridge, ɛkɛ ñɩnɩyʊ sɔsɔ *Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics* taa. Pasɩma-ɩ piŋ pɩlɩna ɛ-tɛ nesi ɖʊʊ kasiŋga paɣtʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ taa.

Stephen Hawking lɛɣtʊ tʊma kpeekpe ɖɩkaɖɩyɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩna sɔnɔ ñɔɔ pɩtɩŋna ɛ-nɛ Roger Penrose ɛgbadɩyɛ yɔɔ. Ɛkɛ tomnasɩ ɖɔnɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ weyi ɛmʊ niiye kedeŋga kpeekpe taa yɔ nɛ ɛ-hɩɖɛ kʊya yɔ. Ɛ-lɛɣtʊ yaa tɩlɩyɛ tʊmɩyɛ labʊ ɖala pɩtalɩ pɩnzɩ hiŋ naanaza halɩ pɩkɩlɩ mbʊ. Ɛkɛ *Royal Society of Arts* ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɛyʊ weyi ɛmʊna ñamtʊ yɔ nɛ lɛɣtʊ yaa tɩlɩyaa tʊmɩyɛ yɔɔ kandɩyaa ɛyʊ weyi ɛwɛʊ ɛnɛ ɛ-sɩm.

Palʊla Stephen Hawking kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 8 pɩnaɣ 1942. Ɖɔkɔtɔ naa ñʊʊ tʊ Frank Hawking pɩyalʊ lɛ, (pɩnaɣ 1905-1986), ɛkɛ ñɩnɩyʊ wezuu kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ taa. E-ɖoo kɔyɔ Isobel Hawking (pɩnaɣ 1915-2013), ɛkɛ politiki ɛyʊ. Ɛwɛna kɔɔna naalɛ, Marie nɛ Philippa nɛ tɛ pɩɣa pɩsʊʊ ɖalʊʊ kʊyʊm Edward. 

Ɛ-ñɩma kaawɛ Lɔndrɩ nɛ hayi yɔɔ kiŋ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩna kɩyakʊ ŋgʊ pakʊya powolo Oxford, mbʊ lɛ, Isobel kaawɛna Stephen hɔɔ, nɛ pañɩnaɣ lone kɩbanɖɛ se pɩsa palʊlɩ pa-kajalaɣ pɩɣa Stephen yɔ (mbʊ lɛ, Luftwaffe kaakpa Lɔndrɩ ɛyaa).

Stephen lʊlʊʊ wayi lɛ, ɛ-ñɩma wolo pacaɣ Lɔndrɩ tɛtʊ taa ɖenɖe ɛ-caa kaakɛ sʊya kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ ñʊʊ tʊ ɖɔkɔtɔ nakʊyʊ taa. Pʊkɔma pɩnaɣ 1950 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, ɛ-ñɩma wolo pacaɣ St Albans kɛ Hertfordshire taa. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kɛ ɛlaba sukuli pɩnzɩ 1950 ŋkɔɔ ŋtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1953.

Ɛkɔma ɛpɩsɩ kalaɣkalaɣ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se e-nesi ɛtasɩ tʊmɩyɛ labʊ lɛ, ɛlakɩ tʊmɩyɛ kpaɣ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2001 alɩwaatʊ mbʊ yɔ nɛ nakpazaɣ ninveɖe. Jane Hawking (palʊla-ɩ Wilde cejewiye taa), ɛkɛ Hawking kajalaɣ halʊ, ɛnʊ cɔnɩna ɛ-walʊ yɔɔ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1991, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ hɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩya ɖama. Pɛwɛna piyaa natozo, Robert (1967), Lucy (1969) nɛ Tmothy (1979). 

Hawking ɖanɩɣ halʊ naalɛ tʊ kpaʊ paya-ɩ se Elaine Mason ɛkɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ weyi ɛcɔŋnaɣ Hawking kʊdɔŋ yɔɔ yɔ (ɛɛkɛ David Mason halʊ weyi ɛlaba Hawking tɛ anasaayɩ ñɩɩyʊ kɩyɔɔdʊʊ ñɩŋgʊ pɩnaɣ 1995. Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 2004 lɛ, tɔm ɖɩhʊyɛ taa takayasɩ sakɩyɛ lɩɩ nɛ sɩyɔɔdʊʊ Elaine yɔɔ tɔm mbʊ ɛzɩ ɛtasɩ cɔnaʊ ɖeu Hawking nɛ ɛ-walʊ ɛnʊ ɛpɔzɩ se ɛnɛ ɛ-halʊ naalɛ tʊ paya ɖama.
Steven Spielberg

Steven Spielberg kɛ hendu lɩzɩyʊ, ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ amʊza tʊ Amerika, palʊla-ɩ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ 18 pɩnaɣ 1946 Cincinnati tɛtʊ taa (Ohio). Ɛwɛ kpaɣɖʊ naalɛ ŋgʊ taa kɛ Hollywood kɩfalʊʊ taa pɩnzɩ 1970 alɩwaatʊ taa, ɛla kajalaɣ blockbuster sɩnɩma tɔm. Teŋgu kela. Ɛ-tɛ hiɣ tɩŋɩ ɖama lɔŋ lɔŋ (*E.T. l'extra-terrestre*, *Indiana Jones*, *Jurassic Park*) nɛ pɩha-ɩ ɖoŋ nɛ ehiɣ tɔsʊʊ huu camɩyɛ. Pɛɖɛyɩ-ɩ se The Entertainment King pʊtɔbʊʊ se tanaʊ wiyaʊ.

Ɛyʊ ɛnɛyɔ ɛtʊlana *Shoah Foundation Institute for Visual History and Education* nɛ pɛ-tɛ lɩmaɣza kɔyɔ se pehiɣ Shoah ɛyaa mba pɛwɛna pɛ-ɛsa yɔ tɛ aseɣɖe tɔm nɛ paapɩzɩɣ peheyi-tʊ piyaa cikpema, nɛ pɩɩpɩsɩ kɩɩsɔʊ ndʊ se pɩsa nɛ ɛyaa nabɛyɛ tɛ ɖɩzɩtʊ ɛtatasɩ wɛʊ kaʊ. Ɛyʊ ɛnɛyɔ ɛɛmʊ mɔnɔ yɔɔ samtʊ nimiye Piritaniiki Ampiiri (KBE) ɖooo *kɔlaɣ fenaɣ* kajalaɣ kɩyakʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 2001. Palaba pɩtɛ sɔnzɩ *kɔlaɣ fenaɣ* kɩyakʊ 29 pɩnaɣ 2001 Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ ɛjaɖɛ loniye taa caɣya tʊmʊyɛ ɖeɖe kɛ Wasiŋtoŋ tɛtʋ taa. 

Spielberg mʊ ɛ-tɩɩtɩŋa kɩhɛyɩŋ niitozo ɛnʊ ɖɩyaɣ se Osɩcarɩ waa. Kɛlɛm kɛlɛm kɩkpaɖʊ ŋgʊ pɩnaɣ 1994 nɛ lɩzɩtʊ niye mʊyʊ ñɩma naalɛ pɩnzɩ 1994 nɛ 1999. Steven  Allan Spielberg, palʊla-ɩ Cincinnati (Ohio) saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 18 pɩnaɣ 1946 kɛ Yuda ɛyaa nabɛyɛ liɖe taa. Ɛ-caa kɔyɔ Arnold Spielberg ɛnʊ lɩzɩna anasayɩ ñɩɩyʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Orɩdɩnatɛrɩ GE-225 yɔ. E-ɖoo kɔyɔ Leah Posner. Ɛwɛna kɔnaa natozo Anne Spielberg nɛ Sue Spielberg nɛ Nancy Spielberg. 

Pʊwayi lɛ, ɛwɛɛ New Jersey tɛtʊ taa, nɛ ɖɔɖɔ Arizona tɛtʊ. Ɛtawazɩɣ pɩyʊ sakɩyɛ sukuli ɛlɛ ɛpazɩɣ ɛsɔɔlɩ sɩnɩma tɔm, ɛlɛ masɩ nzɩ pahayɩ-ɩ ɛtakayɩ hatʊ kɩmazɩtʊ yɔɔ yɔ taahayɩ-ɩ waɖɛ se ɛsʊ sɩnɩma sukuli ŋgʊ e-liu sɔɔla yɔ, pʊyɔɔ yɔɔ ɛsʊ Arcadia maɣzʊʊ tɛ sukuli taa, Phoenix. Ɛkalɩ takayasɩ nzɩ sɩ-yɔɔ palɩzɩ anjaʊ naa yɔ, nɛ ɛyɩkɩɣ mba EC Comics kaasusi pɔ-tɔm.