open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Abalaajo

Abalaajo kɛna tɩŋ tɔɔnaɣ ŋga pahayʊ-kɛ kɛ-tɛɛ pee yɔɔ yɔ. Abalaajo tɛɛ pee ana awɛ lʊʊʊ lʊʊʊ. Papɩzɩɣ pɔtɔɔ Abalaajo nɛ lɛŋ yaa poɖoŋgi nɛ nʊm. Abalaajo kʊnɛ kɩlɩʊ sɔzɩŋ kamaɣfɛyɩ kɛ num taa. Abalaajo wɛna hɩla ndɩ ndɩ: ageeta naayɛ taa lɛ payaɣ-kʊ se afanaa ayaba, ɖoli lɛ, payaɣ-kʊ se mʊlʊm ɛyabɩyɛ yaa ɛzɩ sʊtʊ lɩm ɛyabɩyɛ yaa ayaba wena poɖoŋguu yɔ. 

Tɔɔnasɩ nzɩ papɩzʊ pesidi Abalaajo taa nɛ pɩwɛɛ camɩyɛ yɔ sɩɖɔɔ nɛ sɩ-taa kɔyɔ: tɩmaatɩ, hɛɛ, awiihɛɛ, kaarɔɔtɩ, kela nɛ pesidina num mbʊ ɛyʊ sɔɔlaa yɔ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se paa tɔɔnaɣ ŋga papɩzɩɣ pɛsidi Abalaajo taa nɛ pɩwɛɛ camɩyɛ. Papɩzʊ pasɩɩ Abalaajo nɛ kileɖi kɩɩwɛɛkʊʊ ɛlɛ pʊtɔpɔzɩ se pasɩɩ-kʊ yem mbʊ kɔyɔ kɩpɩzɩɣ kɩɖazɩ yaa kibii. Ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔla-kʊ sɩʊ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ, pɩwɛɛ se ɛsɩɩ-kʊ nikaɣ ŋgbaʊ taa yaa ɖenɖe nikaɣ wɛ camɩyɛ yɔ nɛ pʊmʊʊ nikaɣ camɩyɛ yɔ.

Abalaajo tɔnʊʊ wɛ ɛzɩ ɛyabɩyɛ yɔ ɖeiɖei nɛ tʊkaɣ ŋga kɛwɛ pazɩ yɔ lɛ se abalaajo tʊnʊʊ kpɩndaa. 

Abalaajonaa wɛna tomnasi ndɩ ndɩ: nakʊyʊ kɛ kʊlʊmʊʊ tɩyɛ, lɛɛŋ sɛɛ cahʊʊ ɛzɩ calɩm yɔ, nɩɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ ɛwɛ kɩsɛɛmɩm muzulee, nabʊyʊ taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ abalaajonaa nabɛyɛ caaɣ wɛʊ tɛtʊ yɔ.
Kaarɔɔtɩ

Kaarɔɔtɩ kɛna tɩŋ tɔɔnaɣ ŋga pahayʊ-kɛ pɩ-tɛɛ lila yɔɔ yɔ. Kaarɔɔtɩ tɛɛ lila ana aɖaɣla lʊʊʊ lʊʊʊ. Papɩzɩɣ pɔtɔɔ kaaɖɔɔtɩ nɛ lɛŋ yaa poɖoŋi nʊm taa yaa ɖɔɖɔ patɩzɩ ɛzɩ patɩzʊʊ hɛɛ yɔ. Kaarɔɔtɩ kʊnɛ kɩlɩʊ sɔzɩŋ kamaɣ fɛyɩ yee poɖɔŋga yaa patɩzaa kɔyɔ. Palakɩ kaaɖɔɔtɩ kɛ nʊm kɩtatam nɛ ɛyʊ ɛtaɣ-pʊ paaɖooye kɔyɔ e-tomnaɣ yɔɔ lɛzʊʊ kpɛdɛ kpɛdɛ nɛ kɛsɛʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ ɛkpɛzɩ kɔ-yɔɔ yɔ.

Ɖozi nzɩ papɩzʊ pɔtɔɔna kaaɖɔɔtɩ ta nɛ pɩwɛɛ camɩyɛ yɔ sɩɖɔɔ nɛ sɩ-taa kɔyɔ: tɩmaatɩ, pesidina num mbʊ ɛyʊ sɔɔlaa yɔ yaa ɖɔm nɛ kpɛɛnzʊʊ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se paa tɔɔnaɣ ŋga papɩzɩɣ pɛsidi kaarɔɔtɩʊ ka-taa nɛ pɩwɛɛ camɩyɛ. Papɩzɩɣ pasɩɩ kaaɖɔɔtɩ nɛ kileɖi kɩɩwɛɛkʊʊ ɛlɛ pʊtɔpɔzɩ se pasɩɩ-kʊ yem kɔyɔ kɩpɩzɩɣ kɩɖazɩ yaa kɩwɩlɩ. Ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔla-kʊ sɩʊ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ, pɩwɛɛ se ɛsɩɩ-kʊ nikaɣ ŋgbaʊ taa yaa ɛɖʊ kañɩŋga ɖoli lɛ ɛyʊyɩ lim nɛ ehuuzi kabaɣ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ kpotoku yɔ yaa mbʊ pɩkpɩnda camɩyɛ ɛlɛ pʊmʊʊ nikaɣ camɩyɛ yɔ.

Kaarɔɔtɩnaa wɛna tomnasi ndɩ ndɩ: nakʊyʊ kɛ kʊlʊmʊʊ tɩyɛ, nɩɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ ɛwɛ kɩsɛɛmɩm muzulee, nabʊyʊ taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ kaarɔɔtɩnaa nabɛyɛ caaɣ wɛʊ sʊtʊ lɩm yɔ. 

Keteŋa kpeekpe taa pɩnaɣ 2004 nɛ pɩsɩɩna 2007 lɛ kaarɔɔtɩnaa mba pahayaa yɔ patalɩʊ tɔɔnɩnaa ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa 23 601 214 yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩnzɩ nzɩ sɩ-taa lɛ, keteŋga kpeekpe taa lɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ pakɩlɩɣ kaarɔɔtɩnaa hayʊ nɛ pɩtɩŋ Ruusii ɛjaɖɛ nɛ naatozo ñɩnɖɛ yɔ Etaazunii.
Pɩnzɩ hiu

Kabɩyɛ mba tɛyɩ alɩwaatʊ kɛ pɩnzɩ kagbaanzɩ taa nɛ payaɣ-tʊ se waaɣ. Pɩnaɣ kagbaanzɩ ñɩŋga kɛŋna pɩnaɣ ŋga kabɩyɛ abalʊ lakɩ kɔndɔtʊ sɔnzɩ yɔ. Pɩnaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ ŋga ka-taa papaɣ habɩyɛ. Pɩnzɩ tɩŋɛ wɛna sɩ-hɩla kɛ paa waaɣ ŋga lɛ ka-taa.

Kabɩyɛ mba lakɩ kɔndɔtʊ lɛ, paapaasʊʊ waasɩ kalʊʊ naalɛ naalɛ nɛ pɩnzɩ hiu lɛ pɩlaba waasɩ naalɛ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ pɩsa nɛ pakɩlʊʊ camɩyɛ tobi tobi ɛyʊ pɩnzɩ kɛ waasɩ taa lɛ, pakalʊʊ se akele wɛna waazɩ hiu yɔ yee ɛfɛyɩ sɔnɔ kɔyɔ, papɩzʊ papaa-ɩ mbʊ pɔyɔɔ yɔ ɛgbadayaa yaa ɛlaba sɔsɔ.
Sufɩlɛɛrɩ

Ñɩyʊ kʊtɔɔʊ yaa ñɩtʊ kʊtɔɔtʊ kɛna tɩŋ tɔɔnaɣ ŋga pahayʊ-kɛ ka-ñɩtʊ yaa ka-hatʊ yɔɔ yɔ. Ñɩtʊ kʊtɔɔʊ ndʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ tʊ-tɔm cɩnɛ yɔ payaɣ-tʊ se suu-hɛtʊ. Suu ñɩyʊ kʊtɔɔʊ kʊnɛ pahayʊʊ-kʊ yɔ tɩ-hatʊ yɔɔ pahayɩɣ-kʊ mbʊ pɔyɔɔ yɔ, pɩkɩlɩ ɛzɩ tɩŋ cɔka kʊtɔɔtʊ lɛɛtʊ yɔ, ñɩtʊ kʊtɔɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-wɛ camɩyɛ lɛfɩɩɩ nɛ lɛŋ ɖɔɖɔ pɔtɔkɩ-tʊ.

Ñɩyʊ kʊtɔɔʊ yaa ñɩtʊ kʊtɔɔtʊ yaa ɖɔɖɔ suu-hɛtʊ kaakɛ huuye kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ ɛlɛ ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ yɔ huwa naatozo wɛna. Kacalaɣ ñɩndʊ ndʊ tɩɩwɛɛ yɔ, tɩɩkɛ kʊhʊlʊmɩŋ nɛ pɩwayɩ yɔ lɛɛtʊ lɩwa nɛ tʊtʊ wɛ ɛzɩ tɩŋ hɛtʊ lɩm yɔ nɛ lɛɛtʊ ñɛwɛɛ kɩsɛɛmɩŋ caʊʊʊ. Pʊcɔ nɛ papɩzɩ pɔtɔɔ suu-hɛtʊ tʊnɛ lɛ, pɩwɛɛ se pɔsɔʊ-tʊ nɛ tɩ-hɛkʊ taa piye nɖi ɖɩlɩʊ kuŋgulum yɔ ɖɩpɑɣlɩ lɛ, pɩkɛna kɩcɛyʊʊ se pɛsɛtɩ-ɖɩ pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ yɔ suu ŋgʊ kɩpɩsʊʊ tɔɔnzɩ yaa ŋgʊm. Agoza fenaɣ yaa mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ taa kɛ pakɩlʊʊ yaa pɩwɛɛ se pahayɩ suu-hɛtʊ kʊnɛ  mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ kɩsɔɔla lɩm czmɩyɛ se pɩsa nɛ kɩpaɣlɩ camɩyɛ.
 
Tɔɔnasɩ nzɩ papɩzʊ pesidi suu taa nɛ pɩwɛɛ camɩyɛ yɔ sɩɖɔɔ nɛ sɩ-taa kɔyɔ: tɩmaatɩ, kaabʊ, karɔtɩ, kela nɛ pesidina num mbʊ ɛyʊ sɔɔlaa yɔ. Papɩzʊʊ pasɩɩ suu nɛ kileɖi. Ɛlɛ yee pɩkɛ nikaɣ ŋgbaʊ taa ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛsɩɩ kɔyɔ, pɩwɛɛ se ɛhɔkɩ-kʊ anwa huyuu taa nɛ ɛzɩ ɛlɛ pɩtaakɩlɩ leɖʊʊ nɛ pʊcɔ ɛɛlɩzɩ se ɛtɔkɩ. Ɛlɛ ɛyʊ ɛfɛyɩna nikaɣ ŋgbaʊ kɔyɔ ɛpɩzʊ ɛsɩɩ ɖenɖe nɩkaɣ wɛ camɩyɛ yɔ nɛ pɩtaa wɩlɩ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, lɛŋ ɖeke pɔtɔkɩ.

Papɩzʊ pesidi paa nandʊ ndʊ, lɩm ñɩndʊ yaa kuɖoŋgutu yaa ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ kpakpasɩ kɩwɩsɩ yaa lɩm ñɩnzɩ; sɔsɔsɩ yaa cikpesi. Ɛlɛ yee pɩkɛ nandʊ ndʊ poɖoŋga yɔɔ yɔ pɩkɩlɩ ɖeu. Keteŋa kpeekpe taa pɩnzɩ 2003-2004 taa lɛ ajɛya naatozo kacalaɣ ñɩna wena a-taa pakɩla hayʊ suu yɔ ana lɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ, nɛ pɩtɩŋ Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ 

naatozo ñɩnɖɛ yɔ Itaalii. Ɛlɛ yee pɔcɔna keteŋa kpeekpe taa kɔyɔ, tɔɔnɩnaa pɩsʊʊ patalɩ ɛzɩ 16 183 119 yaa 16 383 583.
Sona lɛŋ ñɩna

Sona lɛŋ ñɩna kɛna tɩŋ tɔɔnaɣ ŋga pahayʊ-kɛ pɩ-tɛɛ pee yɔɔ yɔ. Sona lɛŋ ñɩna ana  awɛ lɔɔɔ lɔɔɔ nɛ payaʊ-yɛ mbʊ yɔ pɩlɩna ɛzɩ ma pɔtɔkɩ-yɛ lɛŋ yɔ. Sona naayɛ wɛɛ lɛ, a-taa pee pʊʊ nɛ awɩlɩ pɔcɔ nɛ pɔsɔbɩ-yɛ nɛ patɩzɩ pʊcɔ pɔtɔɔ. Sona lɛŋ ñɩna anɛ awɛ huuha naalɛ kpayɩ taa: naayɛ taa wɛ hokasi nɛ lɛɛna taa nabʊyʊ fɛyɩ.

Tɔɔnasɩ nzɩ papɩzʊ pesidi sona lɛŋ ñɩna anɛ a-taa nɛ pɩwɛɛ camɩyɛ yɔ sɩɖɔɔ nɛ sɩ-taa kɔyɔ: tɩmaatɩ, kaaɖɔɔtɩ, yala, kaabʊ nɛ pesidina num mbʊ ɛyʊ sɔɔlaa yɔ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se tɔɔnasɩ nzɩ papɩzɩɣ pɛsidi a-taa yɔ nɛ pɩwɛɛ camɩyɛ yɔ sɩɖɔɔ. Papɩzʊ pasɩɩ sona lɛŋ ñɩna nɛ pileɖi aawɛɛkʊʊ ɛlɛ pʊtɔpɔzɩ se pasɩɩ-yɛ yem kɔyɔ apɩzʊʊ aɖazɩ yaa awɩlɩ. Ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔla-yɛ sɩʊ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ, pɩwɛɛ se ɛsɩɩ-yɛ nikaɣ ŋgbaʊ taa yaa ɛɖʊ kañɩŋga ɖoli lɛ ɛyʊyɩ lim nɛ ehuuzi kabaɣ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ kpotoku yɔ yaa mbʊ pɩkpɩnda camɩyɛ ɛlɛ pʊmʊʊ nikaɣ camɩyɛ yɔ.

Papɩzʊʊ pɛpɛdɩ sona anɛ nɛ lɛŋ yaa pasɩɩ nɩkaɣ ŋgbaʊ taa pɔcɔ yaa ɖɔɖɔ patɩzɩ pʊcɔ pɛpɛdɩ. Sona lɛŋ ñɩna wɛna tomnasi ndɩ ndɩ: nakʊyʊ kɛ sʊtʊ lɩm tɩyɛ, lɛɛŋ sɛɛ caʊʊ ɛzɩ calɩm yɔ yaa kɩsɛɛmɩm muzulee nabʊyʊ taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ naayɛ caaɣ wɛʊ ɛzɩ tɩŋ hatʊ yɔ. 

Keteŋa kpeekpe taa pɩnaɣ 2006 ajɛya wena akɩla hayʊʊ sona lɛŋ ñɩna anɛ yɔ a-taa kɔyɔ Siini ɛjaɖɛ nɛ pɩtɩŋ Ɛndonezii ɛjaɖɛ nɛ naatozo ñɩnɖɛ yɔ Turkii.
Radɔŋ

Radɔŋ kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 86 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Rn. Pɩnaɣ 1908 William Ramsay nɛ Robert Whytlaw-Gray lɩzɩɣ mbʊ payaɣ se niton (nitens latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa palɩzɩ tɔbʊʊ se kɩñɩɣlɩsɩɣ, nɛ ɛ-yʊsaɣ mayaɣ Nt). Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1923 paya-ɩ hɩɖɛ Radɔŋ. Pɩnaɣ 1899 paɣzɩtʊ taa Pierre nɛ Marie Curie naa se radɩyɔm lɩzɩɣ miŋ wɛ cɛnzɩ tɔʊʊ ɖoŋ pileɖiɣ pɩtalɩ fenasi naalɛ.  

Palɩ raɖɔŋ yɔɔ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1900 pɩtɩŋna Friedrrich Ernst Dorn, ɛnʊ yana-ɩ se radɩyɔm lɛzʊʊ. Ɛkɛ cɛnzɩ tɔʊʊ pʊtʊ naatozo tʊ weyi pana-ɩ radɩyɔm nɛ pɔlɔnɩyɔm wayi yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1901 lɛ Rutherfort wɩlɩ se tɔrɩyɔm lɛzɩŋ tɔʊʊ cɛnzɩ, kɛlɛ Curie waa hɛyɩ kɩmɩyɛ pɩlɩna pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-tɛ natʊ yɔɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1903 lɛ André-Louis Debierne na lɛzɩŋ nɩɩyɛ kɛɛkɛɛ ɛlɩna akɩtɩyɔm cɔlɔ nɛ ɛya-ɩ se akɩtɩyɔm lɛzɩŋ.
 
Palɩzɩ hɩla ndɩ ndɩ nɛ payana fefekiŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-niitozo pɩnaɣ 1904, exradio, exthorio, nɛ exactinio pʊwayɩ kɔyɔ radon, thoron, nɛ akton pɩnaɣ 1918, pʊwayi ɖɔɖɔ kɔyɔ radeon, thoreon, nɛ actineon pɩnaɣ 1919, nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩtɛmna radon, thoron, nɛ actinon pɩnaɣ 1920.

Panaɣ se fefekiŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-naadozo ɛ-tɛ mʊntʊsʊʊ weluu lɩ arɩgɔŋ, krɩpɩtɔŋ nɛ sɛnɔŋ, nɛ ɖɔɖɔ pɛ-tɛ ɖoŋ kɩɩwɛʊ lɛ, kɩpaɣlʊ William Ramsay kpekiɣ se kɩlɩlɩŋ ɛnʊ ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛmʊna pʊtʊ kɩfalʊ nɔyɔ ɛ-tɛ nɛ kɛtɛɖaɣ fefekiŋ tɛ. Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1910 ɖa-caanaa William Ramsay nɛ Robert Whytlaw-Gray pɩzɩ palɩzɩ radɔŋ kiyeke. Pɔtɔŋ radɩyɔm kɩlʊʊ tɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩtamʊna kɛlɛ palɩzɩ hɩla anɛyɔ niton (pɩlɩna latɛŋ taa se nitens, entis kɩñɩlɩsɩɣ.
Ñɩɩyʊʊ

Ñɩɩyʊʊ kɛna alɩwaatʊ taa alɩwaayʊʊ nakʊyʊ nɛ kɩkɩla cɛcɛyaɣ ɖaalʊʊ. Cɛcɛsɩ 60 ñalakɩna ñɩɩyʊʊ kʊɖʊmʊʊ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se ñɩɩyʊʊ kʊɖʊmʊʊ taa lɛ, cɛcɛsɩ 60 wɛna nɛ ñɩɩtʊ 24 ñalakɩna evemiye kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ. Evemiye taa ñɩɩtʊ 12 makɩ lɛ, pɔtɔŋ se wɩsɩ siɣaa.

Kɛteŋa kpeekpe ajɛya fɛyɩna ñɩɩyʊʊ kʊɖʊmʊʊ pɩlɩɩna paa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ lɛ ɖi-lone nɛ pɩtasɩ pɩlɩɩna alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩtalʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ: tɛsoŋgiye, yolum yaa mʊzʊʊ alɩwaatʊ taa. Latɩŋ taa lɛ, ñɩɩyʊʊ tɔbʊʊ se evemiye kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa hɔɔlaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ yaa ñɩɩyʊ kʊɖʊmʊʊ kɛ ñɩɩtʊ nɛɛlɛ nɛ naanza taa.
Fransɩyɔm

Fransɩyɔm, alɩwaatʊ natʊyʊ taa lɛ, paasɩma-ɩ hɩɖɛ ɖɩnɛyɔ se eka-sɛzɩyɔm nɛ akɩtɩnɩyɔm K, ɛkɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 87 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Fr. Ɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm wonuu ŋgʊ kɩwɛna pʊzʊʊ ɖoŋ yɔ nɛ ɛtɔʊʊ cɛnzɩ yɔ. Marguerite Perey yana-ɩ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ pɩlɩna Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ hɩɖɛ ɖʊʊ yɔ.  

Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ kpata taa lɛ ɛkɛ pʊtʊ naalɛ weyi ɛwɛ kɩlɩ kɛtɛɖaɣ yɔ kɛ pʊtʊnaa hiŋ nakʊ nɛ naalɛ mba pɛwɛ kpata ŋgʊ kɩ-taa yɔ astatɩ wayi. Ɛwɛɛ kpaagbaa ŋñɩɩ yem kɩɖam waa hiŋ niitozo mbʊ yɔ tɛtʊ pɔɔɖɛ taa. Ɛtɔtɔyɩ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ eeleɖiɣ, pɔyɔkʊʊ akɩtɩnɩyɔ pʊcɔ pana-ɩ. Astatɩ pɩza ɖɔɖɔ se kɩlɩna ʊranɩyɔm taa yaa tɔrɩyɔm taa. 

Pana fransɩyɔm pɩnaɣ 1939 Curie sukuli taa Paarii tɛtʊ taa pɩtɩŋna Marguerite Perey, alɩwaatʊ nʊ ɛñalaɣa lantanɩ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa kaawɛ akɩtɩnɩyɔm. Kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1870 alɩwaatʊ taa, kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyaa ŋgbɛyɛɛ maɣzɩ nɛ pɔtɔŋ se ɖʊʊyʊ pʊtʊ nɔyʊ tɛɖɩɣ nɛ ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 87, sɛzɩyɔm tɛɛ kɛ pʊtʊnaa pɩlɩyɛ taa. Paasɩma-ɩ nɛ hɩɖɛ ɖɩnɛ yɔ eka-sɛzɩyɔm.     

Pɩnaɣ 1930 alɩwaaatʊ taa wɩlɩyʊ Fred Allison, Alabama tɩlɩyɛ sukuli taa yɔɔda pʊtʊ 87 natʊ tɔm. Allison yɔɔdɩ se payaa pʊtʊ ɛnʊ virginium, ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa palʊla-ɩ yɔ hɩɖɛ kɛlɛ, nɛ ɛtɔŋ se ɛ-tɛ yʊsaɣ masɩ kɔyɔ Vi nɛ Vm. Mbʊ lɛ, pɩnaɣ 1934, wɩlɩyʊ MacPherson, Californe Berkeley sukuli kɩtɛzʋʋ taa, tɔŋ se pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-tɔm kɛ cɛtɩm tɔm.
Radɩyɔm

Radɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 88 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Ra. Pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛhʊlʊmaa paɖa paɖa kɛlɛ peyeba-ɩ helim taa yem kɔyɔ epiyuu. Radɩyɔm kɛ ɖʊʊyʊ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ pɩyʊ weyi ɛtɔɖɔɔ ʊranɩyɔm ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ taa yɔ. Pɛcɛsaɣ pechblende, ʊranɩyɔm ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ lɛ Marie Curie nɛ ɛ-walʊ pana-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1898. Poluba radɩyɔm hɩɖɛ pɩlɩna latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ yɔɔ mbʊ se radius (cɛŋga), ɖɔɖɔ kpaagbaa mbʊ tɔmʊʊ cɛnzɩ tɔʊʊ.  

Pana radɩyɔm lɛ pɩtɩŋna Marie Sklodowska-Curie nɛ ɛ-walʊ Pierre Curie saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 21 pɩnaɣ 1898 pechblende ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ natʊyʊ taa. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pɛkpɛlɛkaɣ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-tɔm yɔ Curie waa kaatɛma huyuu ʊranɩyɔm tɩŋa, se pɩsa nɛ pana se kagasaɣ ŋga kaawɛ kɔtɔwaɣ cɛnzɩ siŋ. Hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 1898 wɛɛ taa, palɩzɩ pechblende taa pʊtʊ nɔyʊ ɛwɛ ɛzɩ pɩsɩmʊtɩ yɔ, pʊwɛɛ ɛzɩ ɛlɩna pɔlɔnɩyɔm taa kɛnɛ. 

Curie waa susi pɛ-tɛ natʊ tɔm lɛɣtʊ tʊmɩyɛ yɔɔ kandɩyaa saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 26 pɩnaɣ 1898. Pʊtʊ ɛnʊ paya-ɩ radɩyɔm kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1899 cɔlɔ mbʊ yɔ. pama tɔmpiye nɖɩ latɛŋ taa mbʊ radius pʊ-tɔbʊʊ cɛnzɩ tɔʊʊ tɛ.     

Paahuyuu radɩyɔm pʊɖɔʊʊ ŋnɔɔ, kpaɣ ɛzɩ pɩnaɣ 1918, Etaazuunii ɛyaa lakaɣ kikpeekpe lɛ pɩɩkɛ 13,6 g. Pɩnaɣ 1954, radɩyɔm 2,3 kg yeke ɖeke kaawɛna kedeŋga kpeekpe taa, nɛ mayaɣ kɛtɛlɛɣzɩ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩna sɔnɔ. Ajɛyɛ wena akɩlɩɣ labʊ radɩyɔm yɔ ana yɔ Pɛlɩzɩkɩ, Kanadaa, Cɛɛkɩ ɛjaɖɛ, Silovakii, Kewiisi kpɛndʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Ajɛyɛ kɩbɩna wena aawɛ Soviyetiki kɩkpɛndʊʊ taa yɔ.    

Palaba tʊmɩyɛ nɛ radɩyɔm pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ pɩnzɩ 1950, pɩlɩna mʊntʊsʊʊ tɔʊʊ wɛtʊ yɔɔ, tɔlɩm mbʊ palakɩ-pʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ alɩwaatʊ heyuu ñɩɣyʊʊ taa, palaba-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛsɔdaa lɔɔɖa tʊma ɖeɖe nɛ wondu ndʊ tɩwɛ wazaɣ ñʊʊ yabɩtʊ ɖeɖe yɔ. Radɩyɔm kajalaɣ kɩlanaʊ ŋgʊ pɛlɛɣ naʊ ŋgʊ lɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ sɔsɔ George F. Kunz tɛ ñɩŋʊ, weyi ɛta ɛ-tɛ mɔntrɩ radɩyɔm tɔlɩm se pɩsa nɛ ɛpɩzɩ ɛna-zɩ cɩkpɛndʊʊ taa, kɛlɛ ɛsɩɩ takayaɣ nakayɛ pɩlɩna pʊ-tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩyɔɔ salaŋ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1903.
Akɩtɩnɩyɔm

Akɩtɩnɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛtɔʊʊ cɛnzɩ nɛ ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 89 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Ac. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ lɩna krɛkɩ kɩbɩnʊʊ kʊnʊŋ taa ἀκτίς, tɛ tɛ lɛ ἀκτῖνος (aktinos), pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se cɛnzɩ hɛʊʊ tɛ, pɩwɩlɩɣ se pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛwɛna mʊntʊsʊʊ. André-Louis Debierne nana pʊtʊ ɛnʊ pɩnaɣ 1899 kɛtɛɖaɣ tɛtʊ naa tɛ kalɩkɔdasɩ lɩm kisidim. 

Akɩtɩnɩyɔm tomnaɣ yem kɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ kʊhʊlʊm liidiye tɩyɛ nɛ ɛwɛɛ ɖɔfɩɩ. Palɩzɩ-ɩ ʊranɩyɔm ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ naa taa kɛlɛ ɛɛɖɔʊʊ. 

Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa akɩtɩnɩyɔm wɛna wɛtʊ kʊyʊmtʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ lantanɩ yɔ nɛ lantanɩdɩ waa lalaa yɔ, nɛ pʊwɛɛ kaɖɛ se patʊʊ ɛ nɛ pʊtʊnaa lalaa yee pohuyuu ʊranɩyɔm ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ kɔyɔ. 

Akɩtɩnɩdɩ waa tɛ kajalaɣ pʊtʊ, akɩtɩnɩyɔm ha ɛ-hɩɖɛ lone, ɛzɩ lantanɩ haʊ ɛ-hɩɖɛ lantanɩdɩ waa yɔ. Akɩtɩnɩdɩ caɣyɛ nɛ lantanɩdɩ waa pɩtata nɛ pɩnaɣ 1928 Charles Janet lɩza lɩmaɣza keeke mbʊ ɛzɩ pɛlɛzɩ Dmitri Mendeleev caɣyɛ kpata ɖooo ɛzɩ patɩlɩɣ se lantanɩdɩ waa taa wɛ akɩtɩnɩdɩ waa yɔ. Pʊwayɩ kɛlɛ Glenn T. Seaborg tasɩ tisuu pɩyɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1945.
Ʊranɩyɔm

Ʊranɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 92 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ U, ɛ-tɛ nɛ akɩtɩnɩdɩ waa liɖe taa. Lʊlʊʊ taa ɛkɛ pʊtʊ naanaza tʊ ɖɔʊ hɔlʊʊ taa, ɛɖɔɔ kpem ɛkɩlɩ liidiye ñɩɣlɩm, pamaɣzɩ-ɩ nɛ mɔlɩbɩdɛnɩ yaa arɩsɛnɩkɩ, tɔrɩyɔm kpaɖa-ɩ ɖɔʊʊ tam naanaza. Paa hɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa pana-ɩ cazʊ cazʊ, nɛ ɖɔɖɔ teŋgu lɩm taa.  

Ɖɩcɔna kedeŋga kpeekpe taa pohuyuu ʊranɩyɔm pɩtalɩ tɔɔnɩ naa 60500 mbʊ yɔ pɩnaɣ 2015, nɛ pɛtɛyɩɣ kɔyɔ Kazakɩstan (39%), Kanadaa (22%), Ositrali (9%), Nizɛɛrɩ (7%), Ruusii (5%), Namibi (5%) nɛ Uzbekistan (4%).  

Pawɩla ʊranɩyɔm keelee pɩnaɣ 1789 pɩtɩŋna Prusse tʊ Martin Heinrich Klaproth yɔɔ, ɛlɛ tɩŋna ɛwaɣ hɔlaɣ nakɛyɛ wiluu nɛ takʊʊ yɔɔ, pɔkɔna-ɩ-kɛ nɛ Joachimsthal Kiɖeɖeu ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ tɛ. Ɛwaɣ ŋga kaakɛ pechblende, pɩkɛ ʊranɩyɔm ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kaawɛ U3O8 koŋ yɔ. Klaproth pɩza kɛlɛ ɛsaza miŋ kpaŋ nɛ ɛpɩzɩ ɛlɩzɩ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ nɔyʊ ɛwɛ kpʊzɩyɛɛ. Ɛ-tɔm suzitu salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 24 pɩnaɣ 1789 Prusse kewiyaɣ taa lɛɣtʊ tʊmɩyɛ yɔɔ kandɩyaa nɛ ɛya se Ueber den Uranit, ein neues Halbmetall, peeɖe ɛya-ɩ urane yaa uranite kɛ pʊtʊnaa mba ɛɛba yɔ, ɛkɛtɩna uranus ŋgʊ William Herschel kaana pɩnaɣ 1781 yɔ.       

Ɛ nɛ plɔŋ pa-nɔmɔʊ kɛ kʊyʊmʊ (ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ yuŋ tʊ lɛlʊ). Kɩɖam waa ŋñɩɩ yem pɩzɩɣ pʊkʊ ɛyʊ. Ɛyʊ sɔsɔ weyi ɛwɛ alaafɩya yɔ e-loyuu taa papɩzɩɣ pana ɛzɩ 0,02% lɩm taa nɛ tɔɔnasɩ taa. Pʊwayɩ lɛ, 67% ŋgʊ kɩɖɛʊ calɩm taa yɔ kɩyaɖɛ catʊʊ-pʊ nɛ pahɩna hɩm evemiye kʊyʊmɖɩyɛ.
Nɛptʊnɩyɔm

Nɛptʊnɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ takʊʊ nɛ wiluu pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-yʊsaɣ mayaɣ kɔyɔ Np nɛ ñʊʊ ñɩŋa 93. Ɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ weyi ɛtɔʊʊ cɛnzɩ yɔ, ɛ-tɛ nɛ akɩtɩnɩdɩ waa tɛ kiŋ. Ɛ-tɛ ɖiɣɖiɣ agbele, nɛptʊnɩyɔm 237 wɛʊ yɔ pitaa piye ñɩɣyɩŋ taa palakɩ-ɩ. 

Pana-ɩ cazʊ cazʊ ʊranɩyɔm taa ɖɔɖɔ. Kaliforni sukuli sɔsɔʊ taa pana-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1940. Mbʊ yɔ ɛnʊ tɩŋɩɣna ʊranɩyɔm wayi kɛ pʊtʊnaa caɣyɛ kpata taa yɔ, pɛkɛtɩna Neptune tɛlɛŋa nɛ paya-ɩ hɩɖɛ, ɛnʊ weyi ɛtɩŋɩɣ Uranus wayi kɛ wɩsɩ cɔlɔ yɔ.  

Edwin McMillan nɛ Philip Abelson panana nɛptʊnɩyɔm pɩnaɣ 1940. Palaba natʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ kɛ Berkeley Radiation Laboratory Kaliforni sukuli sɔsɔʊ taa Berkeley, peeɖe ŋgbɛyɛ pɩza ɖɩlɩzɩ agbele 239 ñɩnʊ nɛptʊnɩyɔm taa, ɛ-tɛ fezuu titiɖe kɛ kɩyakɩŋ 2,4, pɔyɔkaɣ ʊranɩyɔm 238 nɛ nasɩyʊ sɩɣlɩyʊ fɛyɩ waa. Pɩkɛ alɩwaatʊ hɛkʊ taa ñɩndʊ ndʊ tiyeba nɛ polu plʊtɔnɩyɔm yɔ. 

Salaŋ fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 2002 alɩwaatʊ kɛ ñɩnɩyaa Kalifornie sukuli sɔsɔʊ (Los Alamos takɩɣ nɛ wiluu tʊmɩyɛ taa), palakaɣ tambaɣ tʊmɩyɛ pɩkɛna mbʊ se polu hɔzɩŋ nɛ pahazɩna Amerika ɛyaa, wɩlɩɣ se pezita pazɩ nɛptʊnɩyɔm 237 nɛ ʊranɩyɔm kɩbaŋʊ yɔ papɩzɩɣ polu malɩfa yuŋ ñakʊyʊ nakʊyʊ.
Tɔrɩyɔm

Tɔrɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 90 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Th, ɛ-tɛ akɩtɩnɩdɩ waa tɛ. Sʊyɛdɩ Jöns Jacob Berzelius, kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ nana-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1829 nɛ ɛya-ɩ hɩɖɛ se Thor, hayi yɔɔ nasɩyʊ tɛ ɛsɔ. Ɖenɖe ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ keeke yɔ wɛ mañɛzɩyɔm kpɛndɩtʊ taa nɛ palakɩ-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ñɩɣyɩŋ wondu ndʊ tɩcɔʊ helim taa yem yɔ. 

Pana tɔrɩyɔm lɛ ɛwɛ ɛzɩ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ kɩkpɛdʊ Løvøy lɩm hɛkʊ taa tɛtʊ Nɔɔrivɛɛzɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, pɩtɩŋna Morten Thrane Esmark yɔɔ. Esmark tiyinaɣ ŋñɩɩ cɛbɩyaɣ nakayɛ ɛ-caa, wilɩyʊ sɔsɔ Jens Esmark, ñɩɣlɩm kpɛlɛkɩyʊ niye mʊyʊ, papɩzɩ ɛtɩlɩ pʊtʊ ɛnʊ kɛlɛ etiyina cɛbɩyaɣ nakayɛ Sʊyɛdɩ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ Jöns Berzelius se ɛmaɣzɩ, pɩlakʊʊ mbʊ yɔ pɩnaɣ 1828 wɛɛ taa. Berzelius wili nɛ ɛtakɩ, kɛlɛ ɛyaa pʊtʊ kɩfalʊ ɛnʊ tɔrɩyɔm pɩlɩna Thor yɔɔ, sɩkandɩnavɩ ɛsɔ nazɩyʊ tʊ. 

Palaba tɔrɩyɔm nɛ tʊmɩyɛ sakɩyɛ kandʊ naa taa pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ kɩyakʊ waɣkɩ kedeŋga kpeekpe you sɔsɔʊ wɛɛ yɔ. Tomnasi ɖɔnɛ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ Marie Curie nɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ Gerhard Carl Schmidt nana tɔrɩyɔm cɛnzɩ tɔʊ pɩnaɣ 1898. 

Yee tɔrɩyɔm keeke kɔyɔ ɖɩnaɣ ɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ kʊlʊm kpʊzʊyɛɛ weyi ɛwɛna keɖeɣa fenasɩ sakɩyɛ ptɩŋna kalɩkɔdaɣ ŋga kaɖaŋɩɣ ɛ-yɔɔ yɔ. Peyeba-ɩ helim taa yem ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ ɛsɩnda kɔyɔ tɔrɩyɔm mʊkɩ pazɩ pazɩ helim taa nɛ ɛpɩsɩɣ kpʊzɩyɛɛ nɛ halɩ ɛkɔɔ ɛpɩsɩ kɩkpɛdʊ. Tɔrɩyɔm tɔɖɔɔ tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛwaɣsɩ taa, ɛlɛ ɛkɩlɩ ɖɔʊʊ tam naanaza ʊranɩyɔm, ɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ pʊlɔŋ yɔ.
Prɔtakɩtɩnɩyɔm

Prɔtakɩtɩnɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 91 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Pa. Ɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ weyi ɛwɛ kpʊzɩyɛɛ liidiye tɩyɛ yɔ, ɛ-tɛ nɛ akɩtɩnɩdɩ waa tɛ. Pama ɛ-hɩɖɛ nɛ krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa mbʊ se πρῶτος pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se kajalaɣ nɛ akɩtɩnɩyɔm, prɔtakɩtɩnɩyɔm 231 wɛ akɩtɩnɩyɔm wayi ʊranɩyɔm cɛnzɩ tɔʊʊ yɔkʊʊ pɩlʊʊ taa.  

Agbele Pa wɛʊ yɔ pɩnaɣ 1913 wɛɛ taa Kasimir Fajans tɩla-ɩ ɛ nɛ Otto H. Göhring, papa kaayana-ɩ hɩɖɛ se brɛfɩyɔm pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se kɛlɛʊ pɩnaɣ 1900, William Crookes tɛyɩ-ɩ nɛ ʊranɩyɔm ŋñɩɩ cɛkaɣ ɛlɛ ɛtatɩlɩ-ɩ (kɛlɛ ɛya-ɩ se ʊranɩyɔm-X).

Pʊwayɩ lɛ Otto Hahn nɛ Lise Meitner ñalɩ 231 Pa, yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1918, ɛlɛ wɛ camɩyɛ ɖiɣɖiɣ, kɛlɛ ɛha-ɩ hɩɖɛ se prɔtɔakɩtɩnɩyɔm. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1934 palɩza-ɩ eyeke pɩtɩŋna Van-Arkel-de-Boer lɩmaɣza yɔɔ. Paɖaɣnɩ yaʊ prɔtɔakɩtɩnɩyɔm se prɔtakɩtɩnɩyɔm pɩnaɣ 1949 pɩtɩŋna IUPAC yɔɔ.
Plʊtɔnɩyɔm

**Plʊtɔnɩyɔm** kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 94 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Pu. Ɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ weyi ɛtɔʊʊ cɛnzɩ yɔ nɛ ɛ-tɛ nɛ akɩtɩnɩdɩ waa tɛ kiŋ. Ɛwɛ ɛzɩ ɖɔmbɩyɛ nɛ ɛ-nɔsɩ wɛɛ niikaɣ kɛlɛ pɩcaɣ kpʊzɩyɛɛ liidiye tɩyɛ, nɛ peyeba-ɩ helim taa yem kɔyɔ alɩwaatʊ ŋñɩɩ mbʊ yɔ ɛpɩsɩɣ kpʊzɩyɛɛ puwokina tɩŋ hatʊ kpɛdɩŋ yɔɔ.  

Palaba plʊtɔnɩyɔm nɛ palɩzɩ-ɩ eyeke kajalaɣ ɖeɖe lɛ pɩɩkɛ pɩnaɣ 1940 Kaliforni sukuli sɔsɔʊ taa Berkeley, ɛlɛ panaza kɩnazʊʊ ʊranɩyɔm 238 pɩtɩŋna dɛtɛrɩyɔm yɔɔ. Ɛtɩŋga ʊranɩyɔm nɛ nɛptʊnɩyɔm pawayi kɛ pʊtʊnaa caɣyɛ kpata taa mbʊ lɛ, pɛkɛdɩna Plutin nɛ paya-ɩ ɛ-hɩɖɛ, weyi ɛlɛ tɩŋa Uranisi nɛ Nɛptiinɩ wayi kɛ wɩsɩ wɛtʊ taa. Takɩɣ nɛ wiluu yɔɔ pɩtɩŋna nɛ pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛwɛɛ, ɛyʊ tɩtɩŋa lubina-ɩ, kɛlɛ pɔtɔŋ se paana-ɩ cazʊʊ cazʊʊ ʊranɩyɔm ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ taa.   

Plʊtɔnɩyɔm kɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-tɛ nɛ akɩtɩnɩdɩ waa tɛ yɔ, kɛlɛ ɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊnaa lalaa yɔ, e-tomnaɣ caɣ liidiye tɩyɛ, pɩñɩlɩsɩɣ ɛzɩ nɩkɛlɩ yɔ. Helim taa lɛ ɛtɩ pɩsɩɣ calʊʊlʊ, nɛ pana tɔlɩm pɩsɛ ɛzɩ sʊtʊ lɩm tɩyɛ nɛ tɩŋ hatʊ kpɛdɩŋ tɩyɛ.
Amɛrɩsɩyɔm

Amɛrɩsɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 95 nɛ ɛ-yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Am. Ɛ-tɛ nɛ akɩtɩnɩdɩ waa tɛ, ɛtɔʊʊ cɛnzɩ nɛ poluba-ɩ kulubu. Ɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊalɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛjaɖɛ taa soŋgaɣ nɛ ɛsɔkaɣ taa soŋgaɣ ɛwɛ camɩyɛ yɔ. Amɛrɩsɩyɔm kɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛtɔʊʊ cɛnzɩ nɛ ɛ-tɛ nɛ akɩtɩnɩdɩ waa tɛ. Ɛwɛ ɛzɩ ñɩɣlɩm yɔ ɖɩnaɣ se e-tomnaɣ hʊlʊmaa nɛ ɛ-ñɩlɩsɩɣ liidiye tɩyɛ (ɛ-ñɩlɩsɩɣ pɩkɩlɩ plutonɩyɔm yaa nɛptʊnɩyɔm). 

Pɩlɩna mbʊ ɖiɣ ɖiɣ fɛyɩ-ɩ lɛ, amɛrɩsɩyɔm tɔtɔyɩ tɛtʊ pɔɔɖɛ taa. Ɛkɛ pʊtʊ weyi poluba-ɩ kulubu alɩwaatʊ ndʊ palakaɣ helim ñʊʊ yɔɔ tɛ tuyuu ñamɩyɛ tʊmɩyɛ yɔ, nɔɔnɔɔ pamaɣzɩ se ɛkɛ cɛnzɩ tɔʊʊ tɛ pɩdʊʊ pɩyʊ. Pɛkɛdɩna Amerika ɛjaɖɛ hɩɖɛ nɛ paya-ɩ ɛ-hɩɖɛ, ɖɔɖɔ ɛrɔpɩyɔm yɔ, ɛkɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-tɛ nɛ lantanɩdɩ waa nɛ ɛ nɛ-ɩ pɛkpɛndɩ wɛtʊ. 

Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ pʊtʊnaa lalaa mba pakɩlɩ yuŋ ʊranɩyɔm yɔ, mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ wayi wayi wɛɛ taa pana-ɩ. Pɩtɩŋna helim taa tomnasɩ ñɩɣyɩŋ tʊma ɛsɩnda ɖɛnaʊ yɔ pɩnzɩ 1940 taa papɩza polubi-ɩ.

Palaba-ɩ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe lɛ, pɩtɩŋna Glenn T. Seaborg, Leon Morgan, Ralph James nɛ Albert Ghiorso pɔ-yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1944 tɛmtʊ alɩwaatʊ wiluu nɛ takɩɣ ñɩɣlɩm sukuli sɔsɔʊ taa Sikago (nɔɔnɔɔ ŋgʊ payaɣ se *Argonne National Laboratory*).
Alpha Oumar Konaré

Ɖajaa weyi payaɣ se Alpha Oumar Konaré yɔ, ɛkɛ Maalii ɛjaɖɛ politiki laɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛɛkɛ Maalii ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋdʋʋ, kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1992 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 2002 ñɩŋa taa. Ɛnʋ kɛkɛŋna Afrɩka ajɛya kɩkpɛndʋʋ nɛ ɖama nɩnaʋ ŋgbɛyɛ nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʋ pʋkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 2008 ñɩŋga taa.

Palʋla Ɖajaa Alpha Oumar Konaré lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ naalɛ ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1946 taa Maalii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Palʋla-ɩ Kayes tɛtʋ taa. Tɛtʋ ńdʋ tɩ-taa ɛlaba e-sukuli cikpeluu. Pʋwayɩ lɛ ɛla hɛkʋ taa sukuli kɩtɛzʋʋ Pamakoo tɛtʋ taa. Sukuli ŋgʋ payaɣ se « Terrasson de Fougères » yɔ, kɩ-taa ɛlaba ɛ-hɛkʋ taa sukuli kɩtɛzʋʋ ŋ́gʋ. Ɛlaba ɖɔɖɔ hɛkʋ taa sukuli Mba payaɣ se Maristes waa yɔ po-sukuli taa Senegaalɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa Taakarɩ tɛtʋ taa. Ɖajaa Alpha Oumar Konaré laba ɖɔɖɔ hɛkʋ taa sukuli kɩfalʋʋ Kayes tɛtʋ taa. Pʋbʋ wayɩ lɛ, ɛsʋʋ sukuli ŋgʋ payaɣ se « Ecole normale secondaire de Katibougou » yɔ kɩ-taa kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1962 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 1964 ñɩŋga taa. Ɛlaba e-sukuli sɔsɔʋ Bamako tɛtʋ taa kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1965 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 1969 ñɩŋga taa. Pʋbʋ wayɩ lɛ ɛla sukuli sɔsɔ Pɔlɔɔñɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa Farsoovii tɛtʋ taa kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1971 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩnɩ pɩnaɣ 1975 ñɩŋga taa.

Ɖajaa Alpha Oumar Konaré calɩ kɛʋ wɩlɩyʋ sukuli cikpeluu nakʋyʋ taa Kayes tɛtʋ taa. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, ɛkɛ wɩlɩyʋ Markala tɛtʋ taa sukuli kɩtɛzʋʋ nakʋyʋ taa. Pʋbʋ wayɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɛwɩlɩ sukuli Pamakoo tɛtʋ taa sukuli kɩtɛzʋʋ nakʋyʋ taa. Markala kɛ Maalii ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ natʋyʋ. Pamakoo ñɛkɛŋna Maalii ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ.

Palɩza-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1974 ñɩŋa taa se ɛkɛ Maalii ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyʋ tɩlʋʋ lɛɣtʋ pɩlɩʋ taa ñɩnɩyʋ. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, ɛkɛ Maalii ɛjaɖɛ caanaʋ ñɩm yɔɔ kandɩyʋ tʋmɩyɛ ñʋʋdʋ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1975 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 1978 ñɩŋa taa. Ɛlakaɣ ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ minisi weyi ɛcɔŋna evebiye nɛ tomnaɣ taa kpekpeka nɛ nesi tɛɛ tʋma ndɩ ndɩ nɛ ɛzakuliye tʋma yɔɔ yɔ ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ taa. Pɩnaɣ 1980 ñɩŋga taa lɛ, ɛkɛ ñɩnɩyʋ ñɩnʋʋ sukuli ŋgʋ payaɣ se ISFRA yɔ kɩ-taa. Pɩnaɣ kʋɖʋmaɣ ŋ́ga ka-ta ɛɛkɛ wɩlɩyʋ Pamakoo sukuli kɩkpaɖʋ ŋgʋ payaɣ se ENSUP yɔ kɩ-taa.

Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa Ɖajaa Alpha Oumar Konaré kɛkɛ politiki aŋgba sakɩyɛ naayɛ nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʋ. A-taa naayɛ hɩla kɔyɔ : AHGM ŋgbɛyɛ, ɖɩ-tɔbʋʋ se Maalii ɛjaɖɛ taa caanaʋ tɔm ñɩnɩyaa nɛ kedeŋa wɛtʋ ñɩnɩyaa pɛ-ŋgbɛyɛ. UCAOAA ŋgbɛyɛ, ɖɩ-tɔbʋʋ se Afrɩka nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ ajɛya taa kɩbɩnjaazɩ wondu ndɩ ndɩ ñɩnɩyaa ŋgbɛyɛ. Ɖajaa Alpha Oumar Konaré ɖiya ŋgbɛyɛ ɖɩnɛ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1989 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩnɩ pɩnaɣ 1992 ñɩŋga taa. Ɛɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ UNESCO ŋgbɛyɛ nɛ PNUD ŋgbɛyɛ pa-tʋmlaɖaa lɔŋ tasɩyʋ.

Ɖajaa Alpha Oumar Konaré tɔɔ Maalii ɛjaɖɛ kewiyaɣ pɩnaɣ 1992 ñɩŋga taa.

En septembre 2021, Alpha Oumar Konaré a été hospitalisé en urgence à l'hôpital Cheikh Zaid de Rabat au Maroc.
Kʊrɩyɔm

Kʊrɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 96 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Cm. Mendeleiv tɛ pʊtʊnaa pɩlɩyɛ tɛ kpata taa lɛ, ɛcaɣ akɩtɩnɩdɩ tɛ lone taa. Paya kʊrɩyɔm hɩɖɛ pɩlɩna tomnasi ɖɔnɛ kpɛlɛkɩyaa Pierre Curie nɛ Marie Curie pɔ-yɔɔ. Kʊrɩyɔm wɛ ɛzɩ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ weyi ɛtɔʊʊ cɛnzɩ yɔ, ɛhʊlɩmɩ kpʊzɩyɛɛ liidiye tɩyɛ, nɛ eleɖiɣ piŋ. 

Palaba kʊrɩyɔm kajalaɣ ɖeɖe pɩnaɣ 1944 pɩtɩŋna pʊtʊ nɔɔyʊ weyi ɛfɛyɩ yuŋ yɔɔ, ɛlɛ yɔ plʊtɔnɩyɔm. Ɛ-tɛ natʊ ndʊ potosusi-tʊ kpa. Kɛlɛ palakaɣ tanaʊ nakʊyʊ Amerika raadiyo taa pɩcɛlɩna piyaa yɔɔ nɛ ɛyʊ weyi paya-ɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖiɖeɖe yɔ ɛnʊ lɛ, Glenn T. Seaborg, ɛnʊ kaanana pʊtʊ ɛnʊ nɛ esusi ɛ-tɔm, mbʊ pɔyɔɔ ecosa tɔmʊʊ nakʊyʊ ŋgʊ pɩɣa lɛɛka kaapɔza-ɩ se kana se yee pana pʊtʊnaa kɩfama nabɛyɛ, nɛ ɛyɔɔdɩ pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-tɔm. 

Pana kʊrɩyɔm tesoŋiye wɛɛ taa pɩnaɣ 1944 pɩtɩŋna Glenn T. Seaborg yɔɔ nɛ ɛgbaɣtɩnaa Ralph A. James nɛ Albert Ghiorso. Pɛ-tɛ tɩlɩyɛ ñɩnɩɣ nɔmɔʊ taa lɛ, palaba tʊmɩyɛ siklotroŋ waa mba pɛwɛ Berkeley Kaliforni sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa yɔ. Nɛptʊnɩyɔm nɛ plʊtɔnɩyɔm pa wayɩ lɛ, ɛkɛ pʊtʊ naatozo tʊ weyi palaba-ɩ kɩlabʊ yɔ nɛ pɩnaɣ 1940 pana-ɩ. Papɩzɩɣ ɛ-tɛ labɩtʊ pʊcɔ amɛrɩsɩyɔm, ŋgʊ ɛlɛ ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɛ cikpelaɣ ɛnʊ ñɩŋʊ ɛsɩndaa.  

Pɩlɩna ɛzɩma kedeŋga kpeekpe you kajalaɣ ŋgʊ kaawɛ kɩsaɣ miŋ saʊʊ yɔɔ lɛ, patapɩzɩ posuzi pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-natʊ tɔm. feŋuu yɔɔ feŋu yɔɔ ɛyaa pɩza patɩlɩ-tʊ, Amerika raadiyoo Quiz Kids taa kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 11 pɩnaɣ 1945 pewelesa-tʊ, evebiyaa taa nɔyʊ ɛkɛ welesiyu pɩzɩ pɔzʊʊ tɔm Glenn Seaborg, ɛnʊ weyi paaya-ɩ tɔm ndʊ tɩ ɖeɖe yɔ se ɛna yee patana pʊtʊnaa kɩfama nabayɛ yaawe.
Bɛrkɛlɩyɔm

Bɛrkɛlɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 97 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Bk. Poluba-ɩ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1949 pɩlɩna Stanley G. Thompson, Glenn Theodore Seaborg, Kenneth Street nɛ Albert Ghiorso Berkeley Kaliforni sukuli kɛtɛzʊʊ taa. 

Kajalaɣ agbele ŋgʊ pɛlɛɛ-kʊ labʊ yɔ kɩɩwɛna ñʊʊ 243 nɛ kɩmʊkɩ ŋñɩɩ ŋñɩɩ kɛ ñɩɣtʊ 4,5 mbʊ yɔ. Paalaba agbele naa hiu lalaa ɖooo pitihiɣ. Pɩlɩna ɛzɩma ɛwɛ kɛtɛɖaɣ yɔɔ lɛ, bɛrkɛlɩyɔm tʊma tɔɖɔɔ tadɩyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa.  

243Bk nɛ 246Bk kɛ pʊtʊna palaba-wɛ pɩtɩŋna pɔyɔkʊʊ amɛrɩsɩyɔm yaa kʊrɩyɔm ɛlɛ alɩfa kɔtɩɩ waa yɔɔ pɩtɩŋna. 247Bk pehiyi-ɩ pɩtɩŋna Cf laatriki miŋ yɔɔlʊʊ yɔɔ (ɛnɛ ɛnʊyɔ ɛlɩna pɔyɔkʊʊ kʊrɩyɔm 244 yɔ pɩtɩŋna alɩfa pɩyʊ kɔtɩɩ waa yɔɔ. Agbele pʊtʊnaa mba pakɩlɩ yuŋ yɔ palɩna plʊtɔnɩyɔm mancaɣ yem cɔlɔ.
Kalɩfɔrnɩyɔm

Kalɩfɔrnɩyɔm, ɛ-tɛ yʊsaɣ mayaɣ kɔyɔ Cf, ɛkɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 98. Ɛkɛ pʊtʊ weyi poluba-ɩ kulubu yɔ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ ɛ-tɛ yʊsaɣ mayaɣ wɩlɩɣ-ɖʊ yɔ, ɛ-tɛ nɛ akɩtɩnɩdɩ tɛ kiŋ, ɛtɔʊʊ cɛnzɩ nɛ palaba-ɩ kɩlabʊ. E-tomnaɣ kɛ ñɩɣlɩm pɩyʊ yee ɛjaɖɛ taa sɔŋaɣ nɛ ɛsɔkaɣ taa sɔŋaɣ ɛwɛ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ.

Palakɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ kalɩfɔrnɩyɔm nɛ pɔyɔkʊʊna heɣlim ñɔʊʊ tɛ tuyuu ñɩɣyɩŋ, miŋ saʊʊ tɛ tʊma sɔsɔna taa nɛ somtu tʊma ɖɩlaɖɛ taa, X cɛnzɩ tɛ kɔyɛ ɖɩlaɖɛ tʊma taa nɛ ɖɔɖɔ karasɩm ñɩɣnɩɣ nɔmɔŋ taa. 

Kalɩfɔrnɩyɔm kɛ pʊtʊnaa kɩlabaa mba pa-ñʊŋ masɩ cɛza mayaɣ 92 yɔɔ taa loɖo tʊ weyi poluba-ɩ kulubu ɖɔɖɔ yɔ. Palaba-ɩ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe pɩnaɣ 1950 pɩtɩŋna ɛyaa pa nɛ yɔ Stanley G. Thompson, Glenn T. Seaborg, Kenneth Street, Jr. (en), nɛ Albert Ghiorso kɛ Berkeley, Kalifornie tɛtʊ taa, mbʊ yɔɔ paya-ɩ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ. Pehiyi-ɩ lɛ panaza kɩnazʊʊ kʊrɩyɔm 242 pɩtɩŋna alɩfaa pɩyʊ kɔtɩɩ waa yɔɔ.

Papɩzɩɣ pana kalɩfɔrnɩyɔm ɖenɖe naa pʊñɔtɩna wondu ndʊ tɩlakɩna tʊmɩyɛ nɛ pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛzɩ pañɩnɩnaʊ tɛtɛɛ ñɩm nɛ ɖɩfɛɖɛ tɛ wondu ɖɔɖɔ yɔ. Pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛɛyɔɔlʊʊ lɩm kpa, kɛlɛ ɛsɔɔlɩ tɛtʊ maɣmaɣ taa wɛʊ.
Ayɩnstayɩnɩyɔm

Ayɩnstayɩnɩyɔm (yʊsaɣ mayaɣ kɔyɔ Es) kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 99, paya-ɩ mbʊ pɩtɩŋna Albert Einstein hɩɖɛ ɖʊʊ yɔɔ. Ɛkɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi kɛ 99 nɛ ɛ-tɛ akɩtɩnɩdɩ waa tɛ kiŋ, ɛtɔʊʊ cɛnzɩ nɛ palaba-ɩ kɩlabʊ. Yee ɛjaɖɛ soŋaɣ nɛ ɛsɔkaɣ ɛwɛ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ, e-tomaɣ kɛ ñɩɣlɩm pɩyʊ pʊhʊma kpʊzɩyɛɛ liidiye tɩyɛ, ɛwɛɛ ɛzɩ ɖɔmbɩyɛ yɔ nɛ ɛ-nɔsɩ wɛɛ tayɩ tayɩ.  

Pana ayɩnstayɩnɩyɔm pɩnaɣ 1952 pɩtɩŋna Albert Ghiono ɛlɛ ɛwɛ ɛzɩ agbele 253 ñɩnʊ. Pɔyɔkʊʊ akɩtɩnɩdɩ waa mba patakɩlɩ yuŋ yɔ nɛ nazɩyʊ sɩɣlɩyʊ fɛyɩ. Pehiɣki-ɩ ŋñɩɩ lɛ pɔyɔɔkʊʊ plʊtɔnɩyɔm 239. 

Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ pʊtʊnaa kɩlaba lalaa yɔ, ayɩnstayɩnɩyɔm agbele naa tɔʊʊ cɛnzɩ sakɩyɛ nɛ pɔkɔŋna kʊɔmɩŋ sakɩyɛ ɛyʊ tɔnʊʊ taa yee pucoɖa nɛ pitii ɛ-taa kɔyɔ. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1952 pana ayɩnstayɩnɩyɔm ɛ nɛ fɛrmɩyɔm. Tʊma wena palaba pɩlɩna ayɩnstayɩnɩyɔm yɔɔ yeba nɛ pɛlɛzɩ nɛ posusi ɛ-tɔm lɛɣtʊ takayasɩ taa pɩnaɣ 1955. Ayɩnstayɩnɩyɔm yʊsaɣ mayaɣ taakɛ tam Es, ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ E. 

Palaba tʊmɩyɛ nɛ ayɩnstanɩyɔm singularity tʊmɩyɛ taa ɛlɛ yʊsaɣ mayaɣ kɩbɩnaɣ E kaawɛna. Paalɛ-ɩ naʊ pɩtɩŋna soviyetiki ɛyaa yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1952 kɛ Katorga 12 lɩm hɛkʊʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Fɛrmɩyɔm

Fɛrmɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 100 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Fm. Paya-ɩ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ se paɖʊ hɩɖɛ ɖa-caa Enrico Fermi, ɛlɛ ñaakɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊ kulubu weyi ɛtɔʊ cɛnzɩ sakɩyɛ yɔɔ, ɛ-tɛ nɛ akɩtɩnɩdɩ waa tɛ kiŋ. Palaba-ɩ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ panaza plʊtɔnɩyɔm nɛ nazɩyʊ sɩɣlɩyʊ fɛyɩ waa yɔ. Pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ŋñɩɩ yem papɩza palabɩ-ɩ. Piyebina nɛ patasɩmda ɛ-yɔɔ tɔm sakɩyɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa.

Albert Ghiorso ŋgbɛyɛ na fɛrmɩyɔm lɛ pɩɩkɛ pɩnaɣ 1952. Pawɩlɩɣ keelee 255Fm kɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ kajalaɣ hɩdrɔzɛnɩ hɔzʊʊ kɩmɩzɩɣ tɛ pʊtʊnaa mba papɩsa pɔtɔlʊʊ yɔ pa-taa. Paalaba agbele ɛnʊ lɛ paatamsa-ɩ nɛ ʊranɩyɔm 238 nɛ nazɩyʊ sɩɣlɩyʊ fɛyɩ waa 17.
Mɛndɛlɛvɩyɔm

Mɛndɛlɛvɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 101 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Md (wɛɛ kɩbɩna taa lɛ pɩɩkɛ Mv pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩna pɩnaɣ 1957). Ɛ-tɛ agbele naa taa nɔɔyʊ fɛyɩ ɖiɣɖiɣ. Weyi ɛlɛ caɣ wɛʊ ɖiɣɖiɣ yɔ 158Md wɛna titiɖe fezuu caɣʊʊ pɩsɩna kɩyakɩŋ nɩnʊwa nɛ kagbanzɩ. Paalakɩ-ɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ wezuu kpɛlɛkʊʊ ɖeɖe nɛ ɛwɛna tɩlasɩ sakɩyɛ x cɛnzɩ tɔʊ tʊmɩyɛ ɖeɖe yee palaba-ɩ ɛɖɔɔ sakɩyɛ kɔyɔ.  

Ɛyaa pa nɛ yɔ paasɩma mɛndɛlɛvɩyɔm pɩnaɣ 1955, Albert Ghiorso, Bernard Harvey (de), Gregory Choppin (en), Stanley Thompson (en) nɛ Glenn Seaborg. Pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛwɛ ɖoŋ cɛnzɩ tɔʊ nɔmɔʊ taa mbʊ lɛ, palaba-ɩ pɩtɩŋna panazaɣ ayɩnstayɩnɩyɔm nɛ hɛlɩyɔm 4 tʊ hɛkʊ taa piye. Dmitri Mendeleïv hɩɖɛ ɖʊʊ yɔɔ paha-ɩ-ɖɩ, ɛnʊ kɛna kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ pʊtʊnaa caɣyɛ kpata caa.  

Mɛndɛlɛvɩyɔm kɛ nakʊ tʊ weyi poluba-ɩ kulubu yɔ. Kajalaɣ taa lɛ Albert Ghiorso, Bernard G. Harvey, Gregory R. Choppin, Stanley G. Thompson nɛ Glenn T. Seaborg kaalɛna-ɩ labʊ pɩnaɣ 1955 Kaliforni sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa Berkeley tɛtʊ taa. 

Nayaa kpaɣ lɩmaɣza mbʊ se paya pʊtʊ 101 tʊ ɛnʊ se mɛndɛlɛvɩyɔm pɩlɩna Ruusii kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ Dmitri Mendeleïev yɔɔ, ɛnʊ weyi ɛɖʊ nesi siŋ nɛ pama kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ pʊtʊnaaa caɣyɛ kpata yɔ. Pɩɩtʊzɩna niiikaɣ yoŋ alɩwaatʊ mbʊ lɛ, Seaborg peeziɣ Etaazuunii komina se hɩɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ pʊtʊ ɛnʊ yɔ ɖɩlɩna Ruusii kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ yɔɔ. 

Ajɛyɛ kpeekpe kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyaa tʊma kɩkpɛndʊʊ ŋgbɛyɛ (UICPA) tisi hɩɖɛ mɛndɛlɛvɩyɔm pɩnaɣ 1955 pɩ nɛ yʊsaɣ mayaɣ Mv, ŋga pɛlɛza nɛ Md kɛ paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa ketizaɣ lɛɛka ɖeɖe UICPA (pɩnaɣ 1957).
Nɔbɛlɩyɔm

Nɔbɛlɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 102 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ No. Pʊtʊ ɛnʊ poluba-ɩ kulubu nɛ ɛfɛyɩna ɖiɣɖiɣ agbele nɔɔyɔ. Ɛkɛ ñɩɣlɩm pɩyʊ. Nobel tomnasi ɖɔnɛ sukuli ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Stockholm nana nɔbɛlɩyɔm nɛ pʊcɔ pʊwayɩ Albert Ghiorso, Torbjørn Sikkeland, John R. Walton nɛ Glenn Seaborg tasɩ-ɩ naʊ Etaazuunii pɩnaɣ 1958. Paya-ɩ se nɔbɛlɩyɔm se paɖʊna hɩɖɛ Alfred Nobel, ɛlɛ ñɛkɛ Sʊyɛdɩ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ weyi eluba tɩm nɛ ɛtɩyɩ Nobel kɩhɛyɩɣ liidiye yɔ. 

Pɩnaɣ 1957, Nobel tomnasi ɖɔnɛ sukuli ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Stockholm yɔ kɩ-taa ñɩnɩyaa susi se palaba agbele 251102 yaa  253102 pɩtɩŋna kʊrɩyɔm 244 tɛ yoluu yɔɔ nɛ karɩbɔnɩ 13, nɛ paya pʊtʊ 102 ɛnʊ se nɔbɛlɩyɔm.

Ɛyaa nabɛyɛ pɔ-nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʊ kɔyɔ Glenn Seaborg nɛ Albert Ghiorso Lawrence-Berkeley takʊʊ nɛ wiluu tʊmɩyɛ se paɖanɩ labʊ mbʊ Stockholm lɩmaɣza kɛwa yɔ nɛ patapɩzɩ. Ɛyaa kʊyʊma mba ɖanɩɣ yɔɔdʊʊ se palaba pʊtʊ 254102 pɩtɩŋna kʊrɩyɔm 244 yoluu yɔɔ nɛ karbɔnɩ 12 pɩnaɣ 1958. Ŋgbɛyɛ lɛɛɖɛ, ɖɩ-nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʊ kɔyɔ Gueorgui Fliorov kɛ Doubna tɛtʊ taa, papʊtʊʊ pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-tɔm. Pɛtɛmna se Lawrence- Berkeley kɛ paɖaɣna-ɩ labʊ nɛ ndʊ tɩlɩ peeɖe yɔ kpazʊʊ ɖoŋ Doubna ñɩndʊ.
Lawrɛnsɩyɔm

Laʊrɛnsɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 103 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Lr (wɛɛ kɩbɩnaa taa pɩɩkɛ Lw pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩna pɩnaɣ 1963). Albert Ghiorso lubina-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1961, ɛ nɛ Torbjørn Sikkeland, Almon E. Larsh et Robert M. Latimer (Etaazuunii), kɛlɛ pɛcɛlɛ-ɩ Ernest Orlando Lawrence hɩɖɛ, ɛnʊ weyi ɛtɩlɩ siklotron waa wɛtʊ pɩnaɣ 1929.

Pɩkɛ pʊtʊ weyi palaba-ɩ kɩlabʊ yɔ, pana-ɩ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 14 pɩnaɣ 1961 Heavy Ion Linear Accelerator (HILAC) kɛ Lawrence Radiation Laboratory Berkeley sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa ɛlɛ pɔyɔkaɣ kalɩfɔrnɩyɔm hɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊ pɩtɩŋna bɔrɩ nazɩyʊ sɩɣlɩyaa bɔrɩ 10 nɛ bɔrɩ 11. 

Pɩtɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ pʊkɔna ntɔjɔɔlɩyɛ ɖɩ-yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1967 pɩlɩna JINR ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ yɔɔ Dubna, Mɔsɩkʋʋ tɛtʊ taa, mba wɩlɩna se agbele 257Lr pɩtɛkɛ ŋgʊ yɔkʊʊna alɩfa 8,6 MeV nɛ cɛnzɩ tɔʊ caɣyɛ ɛzɩ 8s, ŋgʊ tɩfɛyɩ kɩmaŋ nɛ ndʊ paana Berkeley yɔ, kɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ agbele 258Lr ñɩnʊ, ɛlɛ lɩzaɣ 256Lr waa yee pɔyɔka amɛrɩsɩyɔm 243 hɔɔlʊʊ kɔyɔ.
Rʊtɛrfɔrdɩyɔm

Rʊtɛrfɔrdɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 104 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Rf. Pɩnaɣ 1964 pɩdaa pee yɔɔ ñɩnɩyaa nabɛyɛ sukuli kɩkpɛndʊʊ nakʊyʊ taa (JINR) Doubna tɛtʊ taa wɩlɩɣ palaba kajalaɣ pʊtʊ 104. Labɩnaʊ pʊ-nɔmɔʊ taa lɛ Soviyetiki ñɩma ñanaza plʊtɔnɩyɔm hɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊ pɩtɩŋna nazɩyʊ sɩɣlɩyaa yɔɔ, mba pɛwɛ ɖoŋ pɩtalɩ 113-115 Mev yɔ. 

Pɩnaɣ 1969 lɛ, Berkeley sukuli ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Kaliforni kɩtɛzʊʊ yɔ kɩ-taa ñɩnɩyaa la pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛlɛ pɛkpɛndɩna kalɩfɔrnɩyɔm -249 nɛ karɩbɔnɩ -12. Ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩyɔɔdɩ se paapɩzɩ paɖanɩɣ paɣzʊʊ mbʊ Soviyetiki lɛɣtʊ tɩnaa kaalaba.

Pɩlɩna pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-hɩɖɛ haʊ yɔɔ pɩkɔna ndɔnjɔlɩyɛ sakɩyɛ. Soviyetiki ɛyaa papa se mba kaalɛna-ɩ naʊ kajalaɣ Doubna nɛ pɔpɔzɩ se paya-ɩ hɩɖɛ se dubnium (Db) yaa kurchatovium (palɩzɩ frasɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa kourchatovium yaa ɖeyi ɖeyi taa lɛ kourtchatovium, Ku), Igor Vassilievitch Kourtchatov hɩɖɛ ɖʊʊ yɔɔ, ɛlɛ kaakɛ Soviyetiki pɩdaa pee yɔɔ ñɩnɩyʊ sɔsɔ. Amerika ɛyaa papa se rʊtɛrfɔrdɩyɔm (Rf), pɩlɩna Ernest Rutherford hɩɖɛ ɖʊʊ yɔɔ.

UICPA kpaɣ mbʊ hɩɖɛ se unnilquadium (yʊsaɣ mayaɣ kɔyɔ Unq), pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1997 nɛ lɩmaɣza lɛɛzɩ kpɛlɩ mbʊ nɛ paya-ɩ hɩɖɛ se rʊtɛrfɔrdɩyɔm nɛ pɩkɛ pʊtʊ 105 kɛlɛ pɛlɛzɩ-ɩ hɩɖɛ nɛ paya-ɩ se dʊbnɩyɔm
Dʊbɩnɩyɔm

Dʊbɩnɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 105, nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Db. Ɛkɛ akɩtɩnɩdɩ waa tɛ pʊtʊ weyi palaba-ɩ kɩlabʊ nɛ ɛ-tɛ agbele naa tɩŋa cɛnzɩ tɔʊ wɛ ɖoŋ piŋ, pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-waɣyɛ tatalɩ kɩyakɩŋ naalɛ. Patatɩɩ labɩda nɛ pʊtʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ paasɩŋ ɖɔɖɔ ɛ-yɔɔ tɔm pʊɖɔɔ piŋ.

Dʊbɩnɩyɔm (pɩlɩna Doubna tɛtʊ hɩɖɛ yɔɔ kɛ Rusii ɛjaɖɛ taa) palabɩ-ɩ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe pɩnaɣ 1967 pɩtɩŋna sukuli kɩkpɛndʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩñɩnɩɣ pɩlɩna pɩdaa pee yɔɔ (JINR), nɛ pɩtɩŋna ɖɔɖɔ Georgi Nikolaievitch Flerow ŋgbɛyɛ yɔɔ Doubna. Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1970, ñɩnɩyaa ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ ɖɩ-nɔɔ  ɖɛyʊ kɔyɔ Albert Ghiorso Kalifornii sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa Berkeley tɛtʊ taa ñɩɣ nesi pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-tɛ natʊ yɔɔ. 

Amerika ŋgbɛyɛ ñalaba pʊtʊ ɛnʊ lɛ, pɩtɩŋna panaza Cf hɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊ nɛ azɔɔtɩ cɛŋga nakayɛ yɔɔ. Kɛlɛ pehiɣ pɩdaa piye 260105 (nɖɩ ɖɩwɛna fezuu titiɖe 1,6). Kɛlɛ pana pʊtʊ 105 tɛ ŋñɩɩ kɔtɩɩ waa nɛ petisi nɛ pañɩɣ nesi tɔm ndʊ tɩ yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1970 lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 5 ŋgʊ wiye.   

Berkeley lɛɣtʊ tɩnaa takɩ Soviyetiki mba natʊ takayasɩ yɔɔ pɩtɩŋna pɩtɩŋna mankɩlaa waa wondu yɔɔ kɛlɛ patapɩzɩ. Pamaɣzɩ se payaa pʊtʊ ɛnʊ se hahnɩyɔm nɛ (yʊsaɣ mayaɣ kɔyɔ Ha, [ˈhɑːniəm]) pɩlɩna Caama lɛɣtʊ tʊ Otto Hahn hɩɖɛ ɖʊʊ yɔɔ. Pɩɩkɛ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ Erɔpʊ nɛ Amerika lɛɣtʊ tɩnaa kaalakanaɣ tʊmɩyɛ yɔɔ. Nɔɔhɔnɖɛ naɖɩyɛ la Russe ñɩnɩyaa tɛ kɛlɛ pekiziɣ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1997 panɩna ɖama ndɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩyɔɔ nɛ petisi hɩɖɛ dʊbɩnɩyɔm yɔɔ.
Sɩbɔrgɩyɔm

Sɩbɔrgɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 106 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋa yɔ Sg. Palaba-ɩ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe lɛ, pɩɩkɛ pɩnaɣ 1974 ɛlɛ Etaazuunii nɛ URSS aŋgba kɛlɛ paa nɖɩ lɛ ɖɩɩwɛɛ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ nɛ pɛkpɛndɩ labʊ pʊtʊ ɛnʊ niikaɣ you alɩwaatʊ taa, nɛ poyou pɩlɩna pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-hɩɖɛ yɔɔ. You ŋgʊ pɔkɔɔ pehiɣ ɖama nɩnaʊ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1997 pɩtɩŋna ɛzɩma pʊtʊ 104 nɛ 108 wabɩtʊ yɔɔ kɛlɛ paha pʊtʊ 106 hɩɖɛ pɩtɩŋna Glenn Seaborg hɩɖɛ yɔɔ, ɛkɛ lɛɣtʊ ɛyʊ kɛtɛɖaɣ tʊ weyi ɛ-hɩɖɛ mʊna samtʊ piŋ yɔ ɛ-tɛ wɛɛ taa. 

Ɛkɛ akɩtɩnɩdɩ waa tɛ pʊtʊ nɔɔyʊ weyi ɛtɔʊ cɛnzɩ sakɩyɛ yɔ, kɛlɛ a-agbele kʊyʊm nɔyʊ pasɩma 269Sg nɛ ɛ-tɛ caɣyɛ cɛnzɩ tɔʊ alɩwaatʊ maɣna cɛjɛsɩ 3,1. Pʊtʊnaa caɣyɛ kpata taa lɛ, ɛwɛ tɔnkɩsɩtɛnɩ tɛɛ nɛ ɛwɛtʊ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ ñɩɣlɩm pʊtʊnaa kɩɖɛzaa yɔ. Wiluu nɛ takɩɣ tʊma ndɩ ndɩ naalɛ taa pana pʊtʊ 106. 

Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1974 mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ taa lɛ, Soviyetiki ñɩnɩyaa ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ ɖɩ-nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʊ kɔyɔ Gueorgui Fliorov kɛ pɩdaa yɔɔ ñɩnɩyaa sukuli kɩkpɛndʊʊ taa Doubna tɛtʊ taa tɔŋ se palaba agbele nɔɔyʊ nɛ ɛ-tɛ ilimiye ñʊʊ kɔyɔ 259 nɛ pekpekiɣ se pɩkɛʊ sɩbɔrgɩyɔm 260.

Mbʊ pɩkɛwa se Amerika ɛyaa tʊma yɔɔ pɛlɛɛ tisiɣ mbʊ lɛ, papa tɔ se payaa pʊtʊ ɛnʊ sɩbɔrgɩyɔm pɩlɩna kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ Glenn T. Seaborg yɔɔ. Hɩɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɔna ndɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ sakɩyɛ mbʊ pɔyɔɔ yɔ Seaborg tɩtɩŋa kaawɛ ɛtaatɩɩ sɩbɩta. Kedeŋga kpeekpe ŋgbɛyɛ sɔsɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ ñɔtɔŋ se pɩɩwɛ se Berkeley nɛ Doubna wiluu nɛ takɩɣ tʊma ɛtɛyɩ pʊtʊ ɛ-natʊ kɩhɛyʊʊ liidiye pɩnaɣ 1992.
Bɔrɩyɔm

**Bɔrɩyɔm** (yʊsaɣ mayaɣ kɔyɔ Bh) ɛkɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 107. Palaba-ɩ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe pɩnaɣ 1981 pɩtɩŋna pamabɩna-ɩ nɛ 209Bi(54Cr,n)262Bh Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) kɛ Darmstadt taa, Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa.

Pɛlɛza pɩ-tɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ GSI pɩnaɣ 1989, kpaagbaa mbʊ lɛ pɩcaŋ pala 261Bh nɛ ɖɔɖɔ pɩdaa pee hilimiye kʊyʊmɖɩyɛ tɛ. Transfɔrmɩyɔm Working Group (TWG) UICPA ɖanɩ ñɔɔzʊʊ pʊtʊ 107 natʊ tɔm pɩtɩŋna GSI pɩnaɣ 1992, nɛ UICPA kpaɣ hɩɖɛ se bɔrɩyɔm pɩnaɣ 1994. 

Kɔkɔɖɛ naɖɩyɛ la piŋ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ pɩɩwɛ sɔndʊ ɖɩkɔŋ ɖiyidina Ɛnglɛsɩ ñɩnɖɛ boron pɩkɛna bɔrɩ, kɛlɛ GSI kpaɣ lɩmaɣza mbʊ nɛ pɛlɛzɩɣ hɩɖɛ nɩlɩbɔrɩyɔm, nɛ pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛkpaɣ hɩɖɛ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1997 se bɔrɩyɔm, pɩkɛna hɩɖɛ ɖʊ tomnasi ɖɔnɛ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ weyi ɛkɛ Tanɩmarɩkɩ tʊ Niels Bohr.
Alabamaa

**Alabamaa** kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. 

Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ Alabamaa ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, Zɔɔrzii, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, pʊʊ sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Misisipii yɔ kɩwɛna, hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Floriidii nɛ Mekiziiki kujomuu piyele nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Tenesii ñɛwɛna ɖɩnɛ.

Pamaza Alabamaa ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ 135 765 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ɖɔɔ nɛ pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 4 338 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 3,2 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Alabamaa kɛnna ɛjaɖɛ 23 ñɩnɖɛ kɛ ɖenɖe lɩm kɩla wɛʊ yɔ nɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna naalɛ ñɩnɖɛ kɛ ɖenɖe lɩm yɔɔ nʊmɔŋ kɩla wɛʊ yɔ kɛ Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 30 ñɩnɖɛ kɛ walanzɩ taa nɛ ɖɩ-hayʊ kiŋ lɛ pʊŋ kɩlɩna ɖɔʊ piyele nɛ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ, kadanzi yaa fɛɛŋ ñakɩlɩna wɛʊ. 

Pɩnaɣ 1800 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 5 750 yɔ ɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 2010 taa patasa ɛyaa kalɩʊ lɛ pɛkpɛnda ɛyaa miliyɔɔnaa 4 779 736. 

Peeɖe pʊŋ kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ taa maɣna ɛzɩ mɛtanaa 550 pʊtɔbʊʊ se pamaaza sɔsɔʊ lɛ pɩkpɛnda mɛtanaa 774 nɛ pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkɩla kʊyʊʊ yɔ ŋgʊ lɛ Ciihe.

Alabamaa ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋnaɛjaɖɛ nɛɛlɛ nɛ naadozo ñɩnɖɛ ndɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ pɩnaɣ 1861 nɛ pɩha-ɖɩɩ waɖɛ se ɖɩpɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ lɛ, pɩnaɣ 1868 mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɩɩlaba kɔkɔɖɛ pazɩ ɖɩ-tɛ sʊʊ taa.
Alaskaa

Alaskaa kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. 

Alaskaa nɛ Etaazuni tɛtʊ natʊyʊ kamaɣ nakayɩ fɛyɩ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ Awayii hɔɔlʊʊ taa tɛtʊ pasɩna-ɖamaa kamasɩ. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kɔyɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, Yukɔŋ nɛ Kolombii, Alaskaa wɛna Azii wɩsɩ ɖɩ-ɖʊyɛ taa, hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Pasifiki lɩŋamʊʊ piyele nɛ Peeriŋgi ñɛwɛna Alaskaa nɛ Rusii pɛ-hɛkʊ taa.

Pamaza Alaskaa ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 1 717 854 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ɖɔɔ nɛ pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 236 548 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 13,77 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe maɣna ɛzɩ 1 81 305 km2 yɔ. Etaazunii ajɛya kpeekpe taa lɛ, Alaskaa kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɩla walanzɩ yɔ nɛ Alaskaa tɔbʊʊ se tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 49 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ naatozo wiye pɩnaɣ 1959. Pɩnaɣ 2012 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 731 449 yɔ. 

Peeɖe pʊŋ kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ taa maɣna ɛzɩ mɛtanaa 3 060 yɔ nɛ pamaaza pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkɩla kʊyʊʊ yɔ lɛ pɩkpɛnda mɛtanaa 6 190 nɛ ŋgʊ lɛ Teenalii. Payaɣ Alaskaa ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se: Bill Walker nɛ ɛ-tɛ komina yɔɔ cɔnayaa kɛpayaɣ se Lisa Murkowski (R) nɛ Dan Sullivan (R). 

Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Anchorage. 

Kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-ɩ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ɛɖoɔ nɛ ɩ-taa kɔyɔ: 
* Eŋgilisi
* Inupiaq
* Yupik
* Alutiiq
* Unangan
* Denayina
* Holikacuk
* Koyukon
* Koljan
* Tanana
* Atna
Arakanzaa

**Arkanzaa** kɛna Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. 

Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ Arkanzaa nɛ tɩta yɔ tɩkpɛnda looɖo nɛ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, Oklahoma, wɩsɩ ɖɩ-ɖʊyɛ taa nɛ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ, Tenesi, Misisipii nɛ Tɛkzasi, hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Misurii piyele nɛ hadɛ kiŋ kpataa lɛ, Luwiziyaana.

Pamaza Arkanzaa ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 137 731 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 2 879 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 2,09 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe maɣna ɛzɩ 134 853 km2 yɔ. Etaazunii ajɛya kpeekpe taa lɛ, Arkanzaa kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɛ nɛɛlɛ nɛ nakʊ ñɩnɖɛ walanzɩ taa yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 25 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ 15 wiye pɩnaɣ 1836. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa 2 915 918 yɔ nɛ yee pakalɩʊ ɛyaa kɛ kilomɛtanaa yɔɔ kɔyɔ, panaɣ -wɛ ɛzɩ 21 yɔ. 

Peeɖe pʊŋ kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ taa maɣna ɛzɩ mɛtanaa 198 yɔ nɛ pamaaza pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkɩla kʊyʊʊ yɔ lɛ pɩkpɛnda mɛtanaa 839 nɛ ŋgʊ lɛ Magazinii piyele ŋgʊ pʊtɔyɩnaa yɔ kʊkʊ  kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ taa ñamaɣna mɛtanaa 17. Payaɣ Arkanzaa ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Asa Hutchinson piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: John Boozman nɛ Tom Cotton.

Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ: Eŋgilisi.
Wayoomɩŋ

Wayoomɩŋ kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ.

Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Nebraskaa, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ lɛ Idahoo, hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Koloraadoo nɛ Utaa tɛtʊ wɛna piyele nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Montanaa. Wayoomɩŋ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Zeyɛnii nɛ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ.

Pamaza Wayoomɩŋ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 253 338 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 251 706  km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 1 851 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ0.73 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 45 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa.

Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 44 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 10 nkʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1890. 

Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 563 626 yɔ. 

Payaɣ Wayoomɩŋ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Matt Mead (R)  piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Mike Enzi (R) nɛ John Barrasso (R).

Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ Eŋgilisi.
Pɛnsilvaanii

Pɛnsilvaanii kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. 

Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ nɛ tɩta yɔ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Niwu Jɛrsii, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ lɛ Ohiyo, hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Tɛlawɛrɩ, Marilandii nɛ Firziinii ŋgʊ kɩwɛna wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa yɔ, tɛtʊ ndʊ  tɩwɛna, piyele nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Niwu Yɔrki.

Pamaza Pɛnsilvaanii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 119 283 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 116 074 km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 3 208  km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 2.69  yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna looɖo ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa.

Pɛnsilvaanii taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Harrisburgh nɛ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ.
nɛ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Philadelphia.

Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ naalɛ ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 12 ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1787. Pɩnaɣ 2017 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 12 805 537 yɔ. 

Payaɣ Pɛnsilvaanii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Tom Wolf (D) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Bob Casey, Jr. (D) nɛ Pat Toomey (R).
Oreegonii

Oreegonii kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. 

Oreegonii ɛjaɖɛɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ. Hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Waaziŋtonii ajɛya cikpena wɛna nɛ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Kalifɔɔrnii ñɩnɖɛ piyele nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Nevadaa wɛna kamaɣ yɔɔ. Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Idahoo tɛtʊ.

Pamaza Oreegonii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 255 026  km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 248 849  km2 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 6 177  km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 2.42  yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Oreegonii taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Salem nɛ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ. nɛ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Portland.

Ɛjaɖ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 27 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 33 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 14 ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1859. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 3 831 074 yɔ. 

Payaɣ Oreegɔnii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se Kate Brown (D) piyele nɛ komina ñʊndinaa kɔyɔ: Ron Wyden (D) nɛ Jeff Merkley (D).

Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ Eŋgilisi. Ɛlɛ siŋŋŋ taa lɛ, komina maɣmaɣ tatɩɩ hada nɔɔ camɩyɛ se aŋgilisi kɛŋna kɩ-kʊnʊŋ.
Niwu Yɔrkɩ (Tɛtʋ cikpetu)

Niwu Yɔrkɩ kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. 

Niwu Yɔrkɩ kɛna Etaazunii taa tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ nɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩwɛ Etaazunii taa tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-hɩla kɩlɩʊ sɛʊ yɔ tɩ-taa. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛna Etaazunii nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa nɛ hayʊ kiŋ nɛ pɩwɛ Atlantiki Lɩŋamʋʋ cɔlɔ, peeɖe ñɔtɩna Niwu Yɔrkɩ tɛtʊ. 

Pamaza Niwu Yɔrkɩ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ ɛkɩtaarɩnaa 12 144 yaa kilomɛtanaa 1 214,4  km2 nɛ ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 785 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se tɛtʊ maɣmaɣ walanzɩ talʊʊ ɛzɩ 64,64 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ñ ɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 429,4  km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 35,36  yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ.

Ɛjaɖ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna 45 ñɩnɖɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa kɛ Etazuunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ kpeekpe taa. Pɩnaɣ 2016 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 8 537 673 yɔ. 

Payaɣ Niwu Yɔrkɩ ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-maalika yɔɔ cɔnayʊ se Bill de Blasio (D).

Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ yɔ aŋgilisi.
Luwiiziyaana

Luwiiziyaaana kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. Luwiiziyaaana taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se New Orleans nɛ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ.

Pamaza Luwiiziyaana ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 2 275 940 km2.Luwiiziyaana kɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Ɛspañɔɔlɩ yɔ ɖɩhɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊ. Pɩnaɣ 1764 taa kɛ Ɛspañɔɔilɩ mba kpacayaɣ Luwiiziyaana tɛ pʊkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 1800. Pɩkpaɣʊna pɩnaɣ ŋga yɔ, ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩwɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ. 

Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ kpaɣna hayʊ kiŋ puwolo pɩsɩɩna hadɛ yɔ, pɩpaazɩna Kanadaa nɛ Mɛkiziiki piyele wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ sɩ-ɖʊlɩyɛ lɛ Misisipii Pɔɔ nɛ pʊŋ nɩɩyɛ nɛ peeɖe ñɛwɛna kaaŋŋ ɖeke.

Kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ,ɩnʊʊ lɛ yɔ fransɩɩ nɛ ɛspaañɔɔlɩ. Ɛlɛ siŋŋŋ taa lɛ, komina maɣmaɣ tatɩɩ hada nɔɔ camɩyɛ se aŋgilisi kɛŋna kɩ-kʊnʊŋ.
Hawayii

Awayii kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. Awayii taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Honolulu nɛ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ.

Awayii kɛna tɛtʊ ndʊ tiɖeke tɩfɛyɩna Amerika keteŋga nɛ hayi kiŋ yɔ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, ɖɩwɛna Oseyanii taa yeli. Ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ,tɛtʊ ñabɩ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ nɛ pɩta yɔ tɩkpɛnda 137 nɛ tɛtʊ cokolo cokolo ñɩndʊ ndʊ tɩkpɛndɩna nɛ pɩpɩsɩ Awayii ɛjaɖɛ.

Pamaza Awayii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 28 337 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ɖɔɔ nɛ pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 11 672 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 41,2 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe maɣna ɛzɩ 16 649 km2 yɔ. 

Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 50 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ se nɖɩ pɩɖɩɣna sʊʊ kɩ-taa. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ 21wiye pɩnaɣ 1959. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 1 360 30 yɔ. 

Peeɖe pʊŋ kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ taa maɣna ɛzɩ mɛtanaa 925 yɔ nɛ pamaaza pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkɩla kʊyʊʊ yɔ lɛ pɩkpɛnda mɛtanaa 4 107 nɛ ŋgʊ lɛ Mona Kea. Piyele pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkɩla ñɩɩ yɔ, kʊkʊ kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ taa ñamaɣna mɛtanaa 216.

Payaɣ Awayii ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se: David Ige (D) nɛ ɛ-tɛ komina yɔɔ cɔnayaa kɛ payaɣ se Brian Schatz (D) nɛ Mazie Hirono (D).

Kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-ɩ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ ɩnʊ lɛ aŋgilisi nɛ awayɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Honolulu nɛ ndʊ ɖɔɖɔ taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ.