open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Fransɩɩ tɛ kpɛlɩ lɛzʊʊ

Fransɩɩ tɛ kpɛlɩ lɛɣzɩ pɩkɛ Fransɩɩ canaʊ tɔm alɩwaatʊ ndʊ kpaɣ patʊlaɣ Ajɛyɛ sɔsɔna, pɩnaɣ 1789 kɛ agooza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 5 ŋgʊ wiye, nɛ Napoléon Bonaparte kewiyaɣ kpelaɣ tuzuu kɛ pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ tɛ fenasɩ takayaɣ tɛ fenaɣ kɩlɛlaɣ alɩwaatʊ taa, kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 9 pɩnaɣ 1799 taa.

Fransɩɩ tɛ canaʊ tɔm taa lɛ, pɩkɛ keem alɩwaatʊ natʊyʊ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ alɩwaatʊ tɩɖɩzɩna canaʊ kewiyaɣ tɔm nɛ tɩɖɩzɩ ɖɔɖɔ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa wɩyaʊ kʊɖʊm kewiyitu tɛ tɔm pɩlɩna ɛyaa kpeekpe kewiyaɣ tɔbʊʊ se paɣtʊ kewiyaɣ nɛ pɩtɩŋgɩ kajalaɣ ɛjaɖɛ. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩɖɩza wɩyaŋ kewitu nɛ samaɣ taa paɣtʊ yɔɔ kɩlɩtʊ nɛ ɖoŋ tɩnaa.
   
Lɛɛzɩtʊ ndʊ tɩ-yebina Fransɩɩ ɛyʊ waɖɛ nɛ ɛ-yɔɔ kandʊʊ tɔm ndʊ tʊyɔɔdʊʊ kɩmaŋ wɛtʊ tɔm ɛyaa hɛkɩŋ taa paɣtʊ ɛsɩnda yɔɔ, tɩyɔɔ wɛʊ tɔm nɛ ɛjaɖɛ kewiyitu lɩmaɣzɩyɛ ɖoŋ mbʊ palʊ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɛna ɛsɩnda pɩtɩŋna mba palɩza yɔ pɔyɔɔ.
 
Ɛyaa kudokuŋ mɩnɩŋ sakɩyɛ hiɣ sɩm pɩtɛ lɛzʊʊ kpɛlɩ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ sɔndʊʊ sɔsɔtʊ alɩwaatʊ (pɛsɛta ɛyaa 16594 ñʊʊŋ) nɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa patakaɣ se pekizina lɛzɩtʊ laɣsɩ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ vendée you alɩwaatʊ taa.
    
Tɩ-tɛɛ paɣzʊʊ alɩwaatʊ lɛ, ɛyaa mba paasɔɔla Fransɩɩ lɛzɩtʊ tɛ tɔm yɔ posusaɣ ɛjaɖɛ tɩŋga taa kɛ lɛzɩtʊ wazaɣ, ŋgʊ lɛzɩtʊ ndʊ tu-koyondina ñɛkɛdɩɣ mbʊ tɩwɛkɩɣ yɔ pʊ-tɔm. Fransɩɩ kpɛlɩ lɛzɩtʊ tɛ yoŋ, ndʊ tutukuna Erɔpʊ kedeŋga tɩŋga yɔ, yeba nɛ palɩzɩ ajɛyɛ lɛɛna nɛ pʊkɔna ɖɔɖɔ kamasɩ lɛzɩtʊ nɛ Erɔpʊ taa ajɛyɛ tɛ lɛzɩtʊ ɖɔɖɔ, nɛ pɩtɩnɛ payi mbʊ yɔ lɛzɩyaa lɩmaɣza tɔm susuu kpa ɖoŋ.
 
Pʊwayɩ lɛ, pɩtɛ yoŋ ɛnʊ ɛɖala halɩ ɛkɔɔ ɛtalɩ Napoléon yoŋ. Lɛzɩtʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ ndɩ ɖɩkɔna ndɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ sakɩyɛ nɛ pɩcaɣ ɖeu ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ pʊɖʊzʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ kpaɖɩŋ naalɛ weyi ɛtɩŋga alɩwaatʊ ndʊ yɔ kɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ paa ɛjaɖɛ.
  
Fransɩɩ tɛ kpɛlɩ lɛzʊʊ mbʊ pɩlɩna liidiye kɛdɛɖaɣ yɔɔ yɔ pɩtɩŋna ɛzɩma Fransɩɩ woba ajɛyɛ tɩ-yɔɔ wɛʊ you Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ, pɩkɛna kɔkɔɖɛ nɛ ndɔnjɔɔlaa kɛ ɖoŋ tɩnaa ñɩm tɩnaa ɛyaa (mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ lambuu hɛyʊʊ tafɛyɩ kɩmaŋ ɛyaa ñɩm tɩnaa nɛ tanɩm tɩnaa ajɛyɛ ɛyaa hɛkʊ taa ŋgʊ ɖɩcɔna kɔyɔ tanɩm taa ɛyaa tʊmɩyɛ labʊ nɛ kɛzɛwaɣ kaawɛ sakɩyɛ). Ɛlɛ, tanɩm tɩnaa ɛyaa (ɛyaa mɩnʊʊ yɔɔ lɛ, tanɩm ɛyaa kpɛnda 97%) hɛkɩŋ taa kaawɛ tʊkaɣ sɔsɔ nakayɛ pɩtɩŋna nesi tɛ tʊma labʊ nɛ ageeta nɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ŋwɛ yɔ ɖɔɖɔ.
Franz Liszt

Franz Liszt, Hɔŋirii kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, Liszt Ferenc kɛ hendu lɩzɩyʊ, maʊ ɖaɣnɩyʊ nɛ piyano keɖeɣa tʊmɩyɛ niye mʊyʊ hongrois ɛjaɖɛ taa. Palʊla-ɩ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 22 pɩnaɣ 1811Doborján (Otirisi ɛjaɖɛ tɛ Ampiiri taa). Ɛsɩ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 31 pɩnaɣ 1886 Bayreuth (Caama) ɛjaɖɛ taa. Liszt kɛnɛ piyaanoo kɩfalʊ nɛ kɩ-hendu teu tɛ lɛɣtʊ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ caa. Ɛnʊ yebina piyaanoo cʊɖʊ ɛyaa, piyano soo mabɩtʊ Mazeppa.
 

 
Ɛnʊ kɛnɛ cee yɔɔ nesi tɛɛ keɖeɣa hendu tɛ kiɖe ɖʊyʊ nɛ pɩlaɖʊ (cee yɔɔ miziiki kɛ evemiye taa tɔm kɛdɩyaa tɛ lʊbɩtʊ tɩnaa canaʊ taa), mbʊ lɛ, Liszt pizi ɛñazɩ nɛ ɛcaɣ piŋ kpaɣɖʊ 19 alɩwaatʊ kɛ miziiki nɔmɔʊ taa ɛyaa pɛnɛ pɔyɔɔ, Hector Berlioz, Camille Saint-Saëns, Robert Schumann nɛ Richard Wagner.

Ɛfɛyɩ alaafɩya keeke mbʊ lɛ, niikaɣ ɛlaazɩ sʊʊ. Pɩnzɩ loɖo eteu Ries yɔɔ hendu ndʊ ɛsɩma pɩlɩna Concerto en ut dièse mineur yɔɔ ndʊ ɛ-caa kaatewa pɩtaatɩɩ leɖɩda. Adam Liszt kpaɣ lɩmaɣza se ɛkpɛlɛkɩ-ɩ piyano. Pʊcɔ pɩnzɩ naalɛ lɛ, Liszt paɣzɩ Johann Sebastian Bach, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart nɛ Ludwig van Beethoven pa-tʊma labʊ. Ɛwɛna lidau piŋ pa-tʊmɩyɛ yɔ lɛ, ɛmaɣzɩ se eyeki nɛ ɛ-pɩyalʊ hiɣ pɛ-tɛ ñʊʊ yabɩtʊ. Pɩtɩŋna hongrois ɛyaa weewe tɩnaa nabɛyɛ tɛ kʊjɔŋ yɔɔ lɛ, Liszt caɣ Vienne tɛtʊ taa pɩnaɣ 1822. 

Franz Liszt kpɛlɛkɩ piyano kɛ Carl Czerny cɔlɔ nɛ hendu lɩzɩtʊ Antonio Salieri cɔlɔ. Ɛkplɛka camɩyɛ mbʊ lɛ, ɛlɩzɩ ɛ-kajalaɣ ɖama taa ɖʊʊ soo hendu samaɣ sɔsɔ nakayɛ ɛsɩnda kɛ Landständischer Saal saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kajalaɣ kɩyakʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1822 taa. Fenasɩ cabɩ wayɩ lɛ, Redoutensaal tɛ soo kɛdɩna ɛyaa piŋ nɛ pasɩ-tʊ pe-wezuu caɣʊ tɩŋa taa.   

Ɛpɩsa piyano maɖʊ sɔsɔ mbʊ lɛ, Liszt pazɩ cɔʊʊ Eerɔpʊ ajɛyɛ taa pɩnaɣ 1823. Ɛlɛ, ɛ-nɔmɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩsɩŋɩ lɩŋ Paarii tɛtʊ taa pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ kpɩtaʊ mbilim yɔ. Ɛtapɩzɩɣ se ɛsʊʊ miiziki kewiyaɣ sukuli taa pɩlɩna mbʊ se ɛkɛ ɛkɔm mbʊ lɛ, Liszt pazɩɣ lɩzɩɣ sakɩyɛ sakɩyɛ ɛtɩ yɔɔ soo hendu nɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa hendu. Lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 7 pɩnaɣ 1824 ɛma soo vendu Itaalii amʊza ɖeɖe. Ɛtɛ teu kɛdɩna Paarii takayasɩ mayaa. Kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1824 ŋtalɩ 1827, Liszt ɖɔ nɔmɔŋ sakɩyɛ sakɩyɛ Angleterre ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ. 

Pɩtɩŋa nɔmɔŋ ɛ-yɔɔ lɛ, ehiɣ ñɩm sakɩyɛ. Ɛwɛna pɩnaɣ 1827 cɔlɔ mbʊ yɔ liidiye pɩtalɩ kudokiŋ 60000 ɛha-ɖɩ Esterhazy waa tɛ. Sɔŋa alɩwaatʊ talɩ pɩnaɣ 1827 taa nɛ Liszt tɔlɩ kʊɖɔŋ nɛ ɛcaɣ Boulogne-sur-Mer tɛtʊ taa. Ɛ-yɔɔ cɛ yaa tomna taa sooci ɛlɛ, ɛ-caa ñɛlɛdɩ ɛsɩ. Pɩsɩna ɛzɩma ɛ-caa fɛyɩ lɛ, Franz Liszt ɖʊ kaʊ ɛ-tɛ elebitu yaa hama tɔm.

	
	
	
	
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François Assise tʋ

Palʊla François d'Assise kɛ Giovanni di Pietro Bernardone tɛtʊ taa kɛ pɩnaɣ 1181 yaa pɩnaɣ 1182. Giovanni di Pietro Bernardone kɛna Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ nɛ Asiizi kɛna ɖɔɖɔ kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɖoŋiye cikpeɖe naɖɩyɛ. Asiizi ɖoŋiye taa François ɛnɛ ɛsɩba aloma fenaɣ naatozo pɩnaɣ 1226 nɛ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 44.

Ɛzɩma ɛkɔma ɛlɛɣzɩ ɛ-tɩ yɔ, pɩwɛ kɛlɛʊ yem. Ɛwɛɛ mbʊ lɛ, ɛsɔɔlɩ yɛɖɛ yɛɖɛ lakasɩ nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna evemiye naɖɩyɛ kɛ eɖoza ɖɔziye naɖɩyɛ nɛ epaɣzɩ ɛ-laŋgɩyɛ lɛɣzɩʊ n; ewoki Val di Spoleto cɔɔcɩ taa paaɖooye. François kɛna katolika ŋgbɛyɛ taa layʊ nɛ ɛnʊ lɩzɩna ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ ɖɩ-taa mba se franciscain waa yɔ. Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛna paɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ sʊsɔtʊ kɔyɔ Atima, taaleleŋ, Kʊñɔndʊtʊ, Ɛsɔ-tɔm sʊsʊʊ nɛ Sɔɔlɩm kɛ lɛlʊ yɔɔ. Ɛsɩba nɛ pɩla pɩnzɩ naalɛ lɛ, Papa Grégoire IX- tʊ kpa-ɩ kiɖeɖeu kɛ pɩnaɣ 1228 ɛlɛ Aloma fenaɣ naanza wiye kɛ pɔtɔkɩ ɛ-kazandʊ.   

François d'Assise kʊyaa lɛ, pɩnzɩ 1190 taa, ɛlaba sukuli kɛ San Gergio nɛ ɛkpɛlɛkɩ Latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ. Ɛlakʊ-kʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, pɩɩwɛɛ se ɛlɛɣzɩ ɛ-caa ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ taa. Pɩyenina ɛlɩɩ sukuli kɛ pɩnzɩ 14 taa nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ tadɩyɛ. E-sukuli lɩʊ wayɩ kɛ you nakʊyu ñalɩwa nɛ kɩ-taa kɛ pɔtɔ-ɩ salaka kɛ Kamɩŋ fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 1202. Peeɖe kɛ ɛwɛ nɛ ɛ-caa hɛyɩu liidiye nɛ pʊcɔ palɩzɩ-ɩ ka-taa.
Fritawnɩ

Fritawnɩ kɛna Siyeeraa Leyɔɔnɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkɩla walazɩ yɔ ɛ ndʊ ɖɔɖɔ tɩkɛna peeɖe tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ ɖɔɖɔ. Fritawnɩ kɛna Englɩsɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa yatʊ nɛ tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩwɛ tɩ-tɩ yɔɔ yem yɔ. Teŋnu ɣʊ kɩwɛ peeɖe yɔ kɩwɛna tɛtʊ ndʊ nɛ tɩ-hayʊ kɩŋ. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kɛ tɔsʊʊ nɛ ɛsɩnda wobu, poliyiki kpelasi kutuyiŋ nɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ palakɩ pɩ-tɛ kediizasɩ sɔsɔsɩ payɩ, tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ palakɩ amʊza nɛ aleya ndɩ ndɩ. 

Mba patʊla tʊma ndɩ ndɩ nɛ pɛwɛ pa-tɩ yɔɔ yɔ nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna taa sɩnɩyaa mba patʊla tʊma ndɩ ndɩ yɔ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ patʊla pa-tʊma ana. Fritawnɩ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-tɔsʊʊ lɩna teŋu ŋgʊ kɩwɛ peeɖe yɔ nɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ, teŋu ŋgʊ ki-kidiiliŋ wɛ kidiiliŋ weyi ɛkɩla liŋgu yɔ. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-walanzɩ landammm taa maɣna kilomɛtanaa 357. Pɩnaɣ 2004 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊ lɛ ɛyaa mba paanaa yɔ pɛkpɛnda 1 070 200. 

Peeɖe ɛyaa ɖɔ pɩtɩɩfɛyɩ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɛlaa nɛ efebiya peseɣ pʊŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa nɛ powoki pacakɩ peeɖe se paahiu tʊma pala nɛ pe-wezu caaʊ lɛɛzɩ pazɩ. Tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-tɛ kidiiliŋ ŋgʊ kɩkɩla liŋgu yɔ ŋgʊ lɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa Abiɖe nɖɩ payaɣ se Elizabeth Naalɛ tʊ yɔ. Payaɣ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-tɛ maalika yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ se Herbert George-Williams.
Fɔlɩka Pɔɔ

Fɔlɩka, yɔɔdɔɣ taa lɛ, pɩlɩɣ se vɔl.ga, Ruusi taa lɛ, Волга nɛ tatar taa lɛ, Idel kɛ lɩm pɔɔ sɔsɔ Eerɔpʊ taa. Kɛnɛ kɛ-tɛ pɔsɩ kɩkpɛndasɩ lɛ, kenidiɣ hɔɔlɩŋ niidozo yɔ lɛ hɔɔlʊʊ kʊyʊmʊʊ mbilim Ruusi Erɔpʊ ŋgʊ. Fɔlɩka lɩna Falɩdayi piiyisi nzɩ sɩ-tɛ kʊyʊ maɣna mɛta wa 228 Mɔsɩkʋʋ nɛ Saint- Pétersbourg pɔcɔ kɛkpɛndɩ Kasɩpɩyɛnɩ teŋguu taa. Ka-nʊmɔʊ ɖala ɛzɩ kilomɛta waa 3690. Papɩzɩɣ pasaɣ mɛlɛnaa pɔɔ ŋga kaɖalakɩŋ kpeekpe yɔ pɩtɩŋna ñɔzɩtʊ ndʊ palaba sakɩyɛ kpaɣdʊ nɛɛlɛ alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ.
     
Fɔlɩka fɛʊʊ kitibuu walanzɩ kɛ kilomɛta 1350000 kpɛɛ ko, nɛ kɩkpeelɩɣ ɛyaa ndɩ ndɩ. Fɔlɩka kɛdɛŋga wɛ tʊma sɔsɔnaa sakɩyɛ kpaɣ kedeŋga kpeekpe you alɩwaatʊ taa Ruusi ɛjaɖɛ taa.
 

Fɔlɩka lɩna Falɩdayi piyisi taa nɛ Mɔsɩku nɛ hayi yɔ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ ɛzɩ kilomɛta waa 320 nɛ Saint-Pétersbourg nɛ haɖɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kiŋ. Kɛɖɛnɛ piyisi nzɩ sɩyɔ lɛ, katalɩ Rjev nɛ kɛɖɛnɛ hayi wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kiŋ. Peeɖe lɛ, mɛlɛnaa cɩkpema kpakʊʊ kɩyakʊ wondu nɛ pɛyɛlɩna. Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, kenidiɣ Tver (Kalinine kɩbɩnʊʊ) ŋgʊ kɩlɩ pɩnaɣ 1135 nɛ kɩwɛ habɩyɛ ndɩ ɖɩtamsɩna Mɔsɩku nɛ Saint-Pétersboug yɔ. Ɖooo lɔnda Krɛsɩ kɛsɩma Fɔlɩka pɔɔ nɛ payaɣ-kɛ se Rha. Ruusi cɩmɩŋ aleeya taal lɛ pasɩma Fɔlɩka nɛ hɩɖɛ ɖɩnɛ yɔ, Fɔlɩka Ɖoyo pɩlɩna kɛ-tɛ yuŋ yɔ. Kaakɛ ɖooo kpaɖɩŋ sakɩyɛ alɩwaatʊ taa Ruusi wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kamaɣ.
   
Fɔlɩka fɛʊʊ wɛna tɛtɛ ñɩm ɛzɩ kanwa nɛ ɖɔm. Fɔlɩka handala fɛʊʊ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ Kasɩpɩyɛnɩ teŋguu nɔsɩ yɔ kpɛɛ wɛ ñɩm kpakpasɩ hɔɔlʊʊ taa. Lɔɔŋ kuhuyuŋ sakɩyɛ  kpaɣ Mɔsɩku nɛ Don Fɔlɩka nɛ mɛlɛ nɔmɔʊ Fɔlɩka Pasalɩtɩkɩ tamsʊʊ Mɔsɩku nɛ teŋguu kʊhʊlʊmʊ nɛ Pasalɩtɩkɩ teŋguu nɛ Azov teŋgu nɛ Kasɩpɩyɛnɩ teŋgu nɛ teŋguu kɩkpɛdʊʊ. Pɩtɛ tamsʊʊ mbʊ pɩlina Fɔlɩka ngʊ kɩkɛ ñʊʊ yɔ pɩsɩna teŋguu naa kɩgbanzɩ tɛ wɛtʊ.

 
Kedeŋga kpeekpe you wayi lɛ, palɩzɩ kpeuu taa lɩmazɩyɛ ndɩ lɛ, ñɔzʊʊ lɩmazɩyɛ pɩnaɣ 1920 nɛ papazɩɣ-ɖɩ labʊ. Pɩlɩna nɛ pʊyɔ nɛ pama lɩm kɩkam kodoloko waa ɛzɩ hiu mbʊ yɔ Fɔlɩka pɔɔ yɔ nɛ kɛ-tɛ pɔsɩ kɩkpɛdasɩ yɔ Kama nɛ Oufa nɛ pɩpɩsɩ kujomɩŋ sɔsɔŋ weyi paɖɩ-ɩ yɔ. Pɩkpeekpe pɩpɩsɩ lɩm ɖɩvalɩyɛ mbʊ payaɣ se Fɔlɩka-kama yɔ.
Fɛɛlandɩ

Fɛɛlandɩ kɛna Erɔpɩ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛ Erɔpɩ ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1995. Palitiki teŋu wɛ Fɛɛlandɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛwɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa pɩkazɩ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Fɛɛlandɩ lɩm ɛwadɩyɛ nzʊlɩmɩyɛ. Fɛɛlandɩ kɛna Erɔpɩ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɖɩfɛyɩ Scadinavie hɔɔlɩɣ taa.

Fɛɛlandɩ walanzɩ taa wɛ 338 145  km2 nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛ kɛŋna kakpanzɩ nɖɛ kɛ walanzɩ  taa kɛ Erɔpʊ ajɛya kpeekpe kɩkpɛndɩɣ aŋgba taa. Ajɛya wena acɔ Fɛɛlandɩ nɛ ata yɔ ana yɔ: Rusi, wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa, hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Nɔrɩvɛzɩ nɛ Suyɛdɩ ɛjaɖɛ. Fɛɛlandɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa kpɛnda miliyɔɔnaa 5,3.

 
Erɔpʊ taa lɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ dɩ-taa kɛ ɛyaa takɩlɩ ɖɔʊ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa ɛjɛya wena a-taa ɛyaa takɩlɩ ɖɔʊ ɖɔɖɔ. Fɛɛlandɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Hɛlisinki nɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pɔyɔɔdɩɣ komina tʊma taa nɛ weyi pawɩlɩɣ sukilinaa taa yɔ ɛnʊ lɛ finuwa nɛsuyɛdʊwa. 

Fɛɛlandɩ tɛtʊ ñʊʊtʊ kɩfalʊ payaɣ se Snauli Niinistö nɛ kewiyaɣ ñɩnʊ yɔ Juha Sipilä. Erɔpʊ taa payɩ lɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛna kacalaɣ ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlɛɣ halaa waɖɛ haʊ se pɔtɔ cacanaa yɔ nɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ pɛlɛɣ halaa haʊ waɖɛ se papɩzɩɣ pasɩɩ pa-takayasɩ nɛ yee palɩzɩ-wɛ lɛ pɛkɛ tɛtʊ ñʊntɩnaa.
Fɩtɩyɩm

Ndʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ tɩ-tɔm cɩnɛ yɔ tɩkɛna ɛyʊ tɛ fɩtɩyɩm tɔm. Ɛyʊ tɛ fɩtɩyɩm nɛ tɛtɛ wondu lɛɛtʊ tɛ fɩtɩyɩm pacaɣ wɛm ɖeyi ɖeyi. Pɔyɔɔdʊʊ mbʊ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛyʊ ɛcɔnaa kɔyɔ pɩlɩ ɖama. Ɖooo lɛ, ɛyʊ fɩtiyim taakɩlɩ paɣlʊʊ ɛzɩ lɛɛlɛɛ yɔ. Ɛyɔ wɛʊ kpem yɔ ɛ-fɩyɩm tɩna-ɩ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, ɛ-ñʊʊtaa maɣzɩm, ɛ-nɔɔtaa tɔm nɛ ɛ-lakasɩ tɩŋa lɩɣna ɛ-fɩtɩyɩm ɖɔm taa. 

Tɛtɛ wondu tɩŋga taa payɩ lɛ, kpakpalikiyaɣ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ se paalɛnɩ yɔ, ka-fɩyɩm kɩlɩna yʊŋ nɛ ko-yʊŋ wɛ kilogramnaa 6,92 nɛ ɛyʊ tɛ ñamaɣna kilogramnaa 1,5. Paanɛ mbʊ yɔ, Ɛyʊ tɛ fɩtɩyɩm kɩlɩɣna ɖɔm camɩyɛ. Ɛyʊ tɛ fɩtɩyɩm kɩlɩna wɛʊ ɖoŋ kɛ tɛtɛ wondu kpeekpe taa nɛ pɩtala ɛzɩ tɔm lʊbɛ kɛmbʊ yɔ yɔ. 

Ɛyʊ fɩtɩyɩm wɛna hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ paa hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ lɛ, kɩwɛna kʊ-tʊmɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ: hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɛ wɛ nɛ ɛnʊ ɛtɩna lɔŋ nɛ lɛɛtʊ, lɛɛŋ wɛ nɛ ɛnʊlɛ yɔɔdaɣ, hɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊ ñañɩnɩɣna ndʊ ɛyʊ sɔwa yaa ɛɛna nɛ ɛnɩɩ pileɖaa nɛ ɛɛtasɩuɣ-tʊ tɔzʊ yɔ. Ɛzɩ ñɩɩyʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se ordinatɛɛrɩ yɔ, mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɛyʊ fɩtɩyɩm wɛɛ; ɛlɛ ɛyʊ tɛ ñakɩla mbʊ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, ɛyʊ lɩzɩna ñɩɣyʊ ŋgʊ. Ɛzɩ ñɔsɩ ɖɔʊ ɛyʊ ñʊʊta yɔ, mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɛyʊ fɩyɩm wɛna wazaɣ nɛ pɩfɛyɩ kalʊʊ.

Kʊtɔmɩŋ nɩɩyɛ wɛ nɛ ɛkpa ɛyʊ fɩtɩyɩm kɔyɔ, ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛɛtasʊ wɛʊ ɛyʊ wɛtʊ nɛ ɛ-taa kɔyɔ kpaaŋ, taba kʊyaɣ katadayaɣ yɔʊ, ñʊʊtaa cɔʊ. Canɩɩ canɩɩ kʊdɔŋ ɖɔɖɔ pɩzʊ pɩkpa ɛyʊ nɛ pɩcɔzɩ-ɩ; nabʊyʊ taa ɛɛyɔɔdʊʊ yaa ɛɛnɩʊ. 

Ɖooo lɛ fɛɖaa taapɩzʊ se pawaa sɩŋŋŋ kɛ fɩrɩyɩm kʊdɔmɩŋ pʊɖɔɔ. Lɛɛlɛɛ taa lɛ fɛɖaa ñaɣ pana nɛ palɩzɩ ñɩɩtʊ natʊyʊ nɛ payaa-tʊ nɛ anasayɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se sikaanɛɛɖɩ. Sikaanɛɛɖɩ kʊnɛ kɩpɩzʊʊ nɛ kiwili ɛyʊ fɩtɩyɩm taa nɛ tɩlabʊ-tʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ paayasʊ ɛyʊ ñʊʊ fayɩɩ se pʊcɔ nɛ pʊcɔ se paañɛyɩ-kʊ.
Fɩtɩyɩm taa maɣzʊʊ ɖoŋ (libre arbitre)

Nabʊyʊ wɛ ɛyʊ fɩtɩyɩm taa nɛ pɩhaɣ-ɩ ɖoŋ se ɛmaɣzɩ. Fɩtɩyɩm taa maɣzɩm ɖoŋ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se «libre arbitre». Nabʊyʊ mbʊ pɩhaɣna ɛyʊ ɖoŋ nɛ ɛlakɩ mbʊ e-liu wɛɛ yɔ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛyʊ pɩzɩɣ ɛla lɩmaɣza kɩbana nɛ ɛlakɩ mbʊ pʊwɛ ɖeu kpem yɔ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se pɩɣa taŋayɩ pɩzɩɣ kaɖʊ ka-ñʊʊ taa se kɛcɛyɩɣ ka-tɩ nɛ kala sukuli ɖeu nɛ kɛɖɛɛ anasaayɩnaa tɛ nɛ kɔkɔɔ kapɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ cee yɔɔ. Pɩɣa nakɛyɩ ñapɩzɩ kaɖʊ ka-ñʊʊ taa se kalakɩ sukuli nɛ kɔkɔɔ kapɩsɩ minisi. Nakɛyɩ ñapɩzɩ kaɖʊ se kɔsɔɔla se kapɩsɩ sɔɔja sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊʊ sɔɔjatʊ nʊmɔʊ taa.
Pɩɣa nakɛyɩ ñapɩzɩ kɔsɔɔlɩ se kapɩzɩ haɖʊ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ. Pɩtɩŋa payɩ mbʊ yɔ, pɩlɩɣna paa weyi ɛ-maɣzɩm cɔlɔ. Pɩɣa ŋga kaɖʊʊ ka-ñʊʊ taa se kɔtɔsɔɔlɩ kɔ-yɔɔ ɛwɩɩ yɔ, kakaɣ pɩsɩʊ mɩlʊ cee yɔɔ. Yee toovenum pɩɣa ŋga kɔkɔma kapɩsɩ ha-m mɔntɔɔ yaa mɩlʊ yɔ, pʊwɛɛ se pɔhɔ ka-naŋgbaŋʊʊ nɛ kɩcɛkɩ yɔ, kɩcɛ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, ŋga taasɔɔlɩna se kɔ-yɔɔ ɛwɩɩ.
Lɛɣtʊ pɩlɩʊ nakʊyʊ wɛɛ nɛ payaɣ-kʊ nɛ fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se «déterminisme» yaa «fatalisme». Pɩlɩʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa ɛyaa ñɔtɔŋ se nabʊyʊ fɛyɩ ɛyʊ fɩtɩyɩm taa nɛ pɩhaɣ-ɩ ɖoŋ se ɛmaɣzɩ nɛ ɛla mbʊ ɛsɔɔlaa yɔ. Pɔyɔɔdʊʊ se ɛyʊ maɣzɩm yaa ɛ-lakasɩ ɛɛlɩɣna ɛ-cɔlɔ. Pakaɖa kpayɩ se pʊcɔ palʊlɩ ɛyʊ lɛ, pɩtɛma ɖʊʊ mbʊ ɛkaɣ labʊ payɩ e-wezuu caɣʊ tɩŋa taa yɔ. Pɩtɛma ɖʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ ɛkaɣ kɛʊ e-wezuu caɣʊ taa yɔ. Pʊɖʊwa se palʊlʊʊ ɛyʊ yɔ, ɛkaɣ kɛʊ ñʊʊdʊ nɔɔyʊ, mbʊʊ ɛkɛʊ. Pʊɖʊwa se palʊlʊʊ-ɩ yɔ, ɛkaɣ kɛʊ ha-m mɔɔtɔɔ, mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɛkɛʊ. Pʊɖʊwa se palʊlʊʊ-ɩ yɔ, ɛkaɣ kɛʊ mɩlʊ, mbʊ ɖeyi ɖeyi ɛkɛʊ. Pʊwɩlɩɣ se ɛyʊ lakɩ mbʊ payɩ yɔ, pɩɩlɩɣna ɛ-cɔlɔ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se, pɩtamʊna se pɔhɔ nɔɔyʊ nɩŋgbaŋʊʊ se ɛwɛɛkɩ pʊyʊ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, mbʊ ɛwɛɛkaa yɔ, pɩtalɩɩna ɛ-cɔlɔ. Pɩɩtɛma ɖʊʊ mbʊ se mbʊʊ ɛkaɣ wɛɛkʊʊ.
Yee mbʊ, lɛɣtʊ pɩlɩʊ ŋgʊ payaɣna fransɩɩ taa se «déterminisme» yaa «fatalisme» yɔ, ki-koyindu lɛ mbʊ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se «libre arbitre» yɔ. 
Pa-naalɛ pa-taa lɛ, pɩnaɣ keɣlee se mba pɛkɛ fatalisti waa (fatalistes) yɔ, peyeki nɛ ɛyaa ɛɛcɛyɩɣ pa-tɩ nabʊyʊ taa, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, pɔyɔɔdʊʊ se mbʊ pʊɖʊwa se paa weyi ɛkɛ yɔ, mbʊʊ ɛkɛʊ. Paa ɛyʊ ɛɛcɛyɩ ɛ-tɩ ɛzɩma, pɩɩɖʊwa se ɛtaahiɣ ɛ-tɩ kɔyɔ, ɛɛkaɣ ɖɔɖɔ ɛ-tɩ hiɣu wiɖiyi kaʊ. Ɛlɛ, pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ pɩkɛwa. Maɣzɩm pʊnɛ piyekiŋna nɛ kedeŋa pɩzɩɣna wayɩ wayɩ. Ŋgʊ Ɛsɔ lɩzɩ kedeŋa nɛ eyebina ɛyʊ tataa cɩnɛ se ɛla nɛ kowobina ɛsɩndaa nɛ pɩɖɛɛ.
Fɩyɛtɩnaam

Fɩyɛtɩnaam kɛna Azii keteŋa nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwalɑnzɩ taa makɩɣna ɛzɩ 331 212 km2 yɔɔ mbʋ yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 2015  taa pakali kɩgalɩɣ lɛ ɛyaa kpɛnda miliyɔɔnaa 94.

Ɛjɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ɖɩ-hayɩ kiŋ lɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ wɛna kamaɣ yɔɔ piyele nɛ Lawɔsɩ, Kambɔɔjɩ nɛ Tayɩlandɩ kujomuu wɛna ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kiŋ. Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Siini hɛkɛ nɛ hɛkʊ teŋgu wɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩliyɛ nɛ ɖɩhadɛ kiŋ hɔɔlɩŋ taa.

Fɩyɛtɩnaam tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Hanɔyɩ. Fɩyɛtɩnaam ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ natutozo kpayɩ:

* Hayi kiŋ lɛ, Tɔnkɛŋ yaa ɛzɩ Pakɩ Pɔ nɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ yɔ Hanɔyɩ nɛ Hayifɔŋ.
* Hɛkʋʋ nɛ hɛkʋʋ lɛ, Anam yaa ɛzɩ Truŋgi Pɔ nɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ yɔɔ Huwe nɛ Taa Naŋŋ.
* Hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Siinisiini yaa ɛzɩ Nam Pɔ nɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Seyigɔɔnɩ.

Pʊŋ sɔsɔŋ nɛ pɔŋ weyi ɛ-ñʊntaa wɛ landammm yɔ ɛkɩlɩna ɖɔʊ Fɩyɛtɩnaam ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Fɩyɛɛnɩ

**Fɩyɛɛnɩ** (Caama: **Wien**) kɛna ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Tɛtʊ ndʊ yɔ Otirisi. Tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩyɛ Otirisi ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kiŋ nɛ Taaniibi pɔɔ kɛtɛsʊ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ. 

Fɩyɛɛnɩ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ Eerɔpʊ keteŋa hɛkʊ taa nɛ tiposina Paarii tɛtʊ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 1 243 yɔ; Pɛɛrɩlɛɛ yɔ pɩmaɣna ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 651; pɩkazɩ yee pɩkɛ Prukisɛɛlɩ tɛtʊ kɔyɔ, pɩtalʊ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 1 112 yɔ. 

Fɩyɛɛnɩ tɛtʊ potina Pudapɛsɩtɩ ñɩndʊ nɛ kilomɛtanaa 250 pɩkazɩ tiposina Pɩraagɩ nɛ Muuniiki ñɩndʊ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 350. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkɩla –tʊ ñɔtinaʊ yɔ, ndʊ lɛ Pratisilaadaa nɛ tʊtʊ ñɛwɛ kilomɛtanaa ɛzɩ 60 yɔ.  

Pɩsa nɛ patɩlɩ camɩyɛ kɛ ɛyaa mba pɛwɛ Fɩyɛɛnɩ tɛtʊ taa peeɖe yɔ lɛ, komina yeba nɛ pakalɩ ɛyaa kɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kacalaɣ wiye pɩnaɣ 2016. Kɩgalʊ ŋgʊ kɩtɛma lɛ, ɛyaa 1 840 573 kɛ pana tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa. 

Piyele pamazɩ tɩ-ɖaalakɩŋ landammm taa lɛ, pɩmaɣna ɛkɩtaarɩnaa ɛzɩ 41 489 yaa kilomɛtanaa 414,89. Fɩyɛɛnɩ tɛtʊ kɛna tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa keteŋa kpeekpe taa ajɛya sakɩyɛ taɣ liu nɛ alakɩ a-tɛ politiki ketiizasɩ yɔ. Mbʊ pʊyɔ yɔ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩɩɖʊʊ tɩ-nɔɔ kɛ ajɛya lɛɛna tɛ politiki tɔm taa yem yɔ. 

Peeɖe kɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊ aŋgba nayɛ tɩkila wɛɛ nɛ aŋgba ana a-taa kɔyɔ: OSCE, OPEP, ONUDI yaa ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊ ɖama nɩnaʊ nɛ taabalɩyɛ aŋgba sakɩyɛ. 

Peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ poluki ñɩɩtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ndʊ pacakɩ tɩ-taa nɛ pasʊʊ tɩnzɩ ndɩ ndɩ taa nɛ pañɩnɩɣ se pana mbʊ keteŋa kaakɛna yɔ, kɛnaa yɔ yaa mbʊ kakaɣ kɛnaʊ yɔ. 

Ɖooopɩnaɣ 2001 kɛ kɛ keteŋa kpeekpe ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩcɔŋna ɛsakuliye nɛ ɛsɩyɛ ekpena nɛ  payaɣ-ɖɩ se UNESCO yɔ, ɖɩkpaɣ Fɩyɛɛnɩ tɛtʊ nɛ ɖɩɖʊ ɖɩpɩlʊ taa. Payaɣ Fɩyɛɛnɩ tɛtʊ taa maalika yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ se Michael Häupl.

Wien-vom Oberen Belvedere-114-2009-gje.jpg|View from Upper Belvedere
Wien-Oberes Belvedere-108-2009-gje.jpg|Upper Belvedere
Wien-Burgtheater-212-2008-gje.jpg|Burgtheater
Wien-Staatsoper-122-2013-gje.jpg|Fɩyɛɛnɩ State Opera
Wien-Rathaus-126-von Hofburg-2008-gje.jpg|Fɩyɛɛnɩ City Hall
Wien-Parlament-160-2008-gje.jpg|Parliament
Wien-Hofburg-122-Reichskanzleitrakt-Franz I-2008-gje.jpg|Hofburg
Wien-Schoenbrunn-110-Garten mit Pferdekutsche-2007-gje.jpg|Palace of Schönbrunn
Wien-Stephansdom-116-2007-gje.jpg|St. Stephen's Cathedral
Fʊwa lakɩtee

Tɩnzɩ miiliyɔɔwaa miiliyɔɔwaa kpeɣli com nɛ pɔcɔʊ wɩsɩ cejewiye nɛ pataŋ. Tɩnzɩ huuye nɖɩ payaɣ se kaalakɩsii, pɩkɛ ɖɛ-tɛ kaalakɩsii. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se tɩnzɩ huuye nɖɩ ɖɩ-hɛkʊ taa wɩsɩ cejewiye wɛɛ. Yee ɛsɔdaa ɛtʊ camɩyɛ ñamm yɔ, ɛyʊ pɩzɩɣ ɛna tɩnzɩ huuye nɖɩ. Kɔzɩ kɔzɩ tropiki nɛ pɩ-tɛɛ kiŋ. Ɛyʊ naɣ-sɩ lɛ, sɩpɩlɩ ɖama yɔɔ lɩɩɩ nɛ pʊwɛ ɛzɩ tambaɖɛ yɔ. Ɛlɛ, sɩpɩlɩ pɩlɩʊ mbʊ yɔ, pʊwɛ mɩlɩ mɩlɩ. Ɖoho taa pakɩlɩɣ naʊ camɩyɛ tɩnzɩ huuye  nzɩ. Ɛyʊ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ ɛtɩlɩ tɩnzɩ nzɩ sɩ-wɛtʊ camɩyɛ ɖeyi ɖeyi, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, eposina-sɩ. Ɛyʊ tapɩzɩ ɛtɩlɩ tɩnzɩ huuye nzɩ sɩ-wɛtʊ ɖeyi ɖeyi, ɛlɛ, ɛtɩlaa se sɩwɛ ɛzɩ Andromɛɛdɩ kaalakɩsii yɔ. 

Pɩkɛ kaalakɩsii ŋgʊ kɩwɛ mɩlɩ mɩlɩ yɔ. Ɛlɛ, pɩwɛ kaɖɛ se ɛyʊ ɛtɩlɩ se pɩkɛ kaalakɩsii ŋgʊ kpem. Ɛyʊ ɛɛsɩŋ se pɩkɛ kaalakɩsii mɩlɩ mɩlɩ ñɩŋgʊ ŋgʊ ɛyʊ sɩma yɔ yaa pɩkɛ kaalakɩsii mɩlɩ mɩlɩ ñɩŋgʊ kɩcɛbʊʊ. Nabʊyʊ wɛ ɛzɩ kɩkaaɣʊ yɔ ki-piye hɛkʊ taa. Pɩnaɣ 1991 taa pana piye nɖɩ. Tɩnzɩ huuye mɩlɩ mɩlɩ nzɩ sɩwɛ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩɩna ɛzɩma mbʊ  nesi posuu yɔ. Payaɣ nasɩyɛ se *Tɩnzɩ huuye mɩlɩ mɩlɩ A*. Payaa lɛɛsɩ se *Tɩnzɩ huuye mɩlɩ mɩlɩ B*. Payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ lɛɛsɩ se *Tɩnzɩ huuye mɩlɩ mɩlɩ C*. Sɩ-tɩŋa sɩ-tɩlʊʊ wɛ kaɖɛ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, pɩɩnaɣ-sɩ yem kɛlɛʊ ɖa-kaalakɩsii taa.
Galilée

Lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 15 wiye, pɩnaɣ 1564 n̄ɩŋga taa palʋla Galilée Florensɩ tɛtʋ taa, Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 8 n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1642 taa ɛsɩba Arcetri tɛtʋ taa. Arcetri tɛtʋ n̄ɔtɩna Florɛnsɩ n̄ɩndʋ kpam.

Galilée laba mbʋ payaɣ se *Astronomie* nɛ *Cinématique* nɛ *Dynamique* nɛ *Héliocentrisme* nɛ *Mécanique* yɔ. Galilée lɩzɩna ɛsan̄ɩnɩŋ astronomiki.

N̄ɩnɩyʋʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ payawaɣ se Copernic. Ɛnʋ lɛɣna n̄ɩnʋʋ nɛ ɛna se tɛtʋ cɔʋ tɩ-tɩ yɔɔ. Ɛyɔɔdɩ mbʋ lɛ, pakʋyɩ ɛ-yɔɔ, pɛkpɛzɩna-ɩ halɩ paɖʋ-ɩ sɩm ɛ-tɔm ndʋ tɩ-yɔɔ. Ɛ-sɩm wayɩ lɛ, Galilée tasɩnɩ n̄ɩnʋʋ nɛ ɛna se toovenim lɛ, tɛtʋ cɔʋ tɩ-tɩ yɔɔ.
Gard tɛ kondoloko

Gard tɛ Kondoloko kɛna kondoloko aqueduc Roma mba hɔɔlʋʋ lone taa n̄ɩŋgʋ ŋgʋ kɩwɛna lona naadozo yɔ. Gard tɛ Kondoloko kʋnɛ, kʋwɛna Pont-du-Gard kɛ ajɛɛ anɛ Uzès nɛ Nîmes pɛ-hɛkʋʋ taa. Ki-lone nɖɩ Fransɩɩ hɔɔlʋʋ taa kɛ Gard.

Kondoloko kʋnɛ kɩ-ɖɛzʋʋ calaʋ kɛ Garbon yaa Gard. Paa pɩla ɛzɩma yɔɔ yɔ, pama-kʋ kɔɔnɔɔ hɛkʋ nɛ hɛkʋ hɔɔlʋʋ kpaɖʋ taa kɛnɛ nɛ. Kondoloko ŋgʋ, peyeba kʋ labɩnaʋ yaa peyeba kʋyɔ ɖɔm pɩgbaʋʋ nɛ kpaɖʋ loɖo (6) n̄ɩŋgʋ paɣzɩtʋ alɩwaatʋ taa yɔ.

Hɛkʋ nɛ hɛkʋ tɛ wɛɛ alɩwaatʋ taa lɛ, poɖe kɩ-tɩnɩyɛ naalɛ nɖɛ taa kɔʋʋ yebina nɛ kondoloko kʋnɛ, kiyele kɩkɛ yaa pakpaɣ-kʋ nɛ pɛtɛzɩ pɩsɩʋ lɔɔɖa saɣʋ nʋmɔʋ sʋsɔʋ n̄ɩŋgʋ. Gard tɛ Kondoloko kʋnɛ, kɩ-matʋ sʋsɔtʋ kɩbandʋ tʋnɛ, ndʋ yekaɣna kpeɖem ɖɔɖɔ nɛ pɩhɔŋ ɛyaa nɛ kɩ-yɔ kɩ-yɔ kiŋ.

Ɛsɩyɛ egbena tɩna wokaɣ kɩnaʋ ɖoŋ ɖoŋ pɩŋŋ. Samaɣ sakɩyɛ lɩmazaɣ wokaa na kɩyɔ siŋŋ, kɛ pɩgbaʋ nɛ kpaɖʋ hiu nɛ loɖo (16) taa mbɩ yɔ. Pɩ-tɩŋgana pɩyɔ nɛ ki-hikuu kʋjɔŋ ndɩ ndɩ, nɛ pɩsɩɣna ɖoŋ ɖoŋ nɛ pɔn̄ɔzʋna-kʋ. Kɩ-n̄ɔɔzʋtʋ ndʋ tiyekina nɛ kɩwɛʋ camɩyɛ mbʋ cɩŋgɩlɩm, kiɖetu ɖaɣnɩ wɛʋ cɔnɔʋ pɩŋŋ.

  
Nʋmɔʋ sʋsɔʋ yɔɔ lɔɔɖa saya kondoloko nakʋyʋ kpɩtɩnɛ-yɩ pɩnaɣ 1743 pɩkɔ pɩsɩna pɩnaɣ 1747 taa. Roma ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, ŋgʋ kaakɛna kondoloko ŋgʋ kɩkɩla kʋyʋʋ kpeɖem yɔ. Ŋgʋ pakɩlaɣ sɩm kʋkʋyʋmɩŋ yaa ɖalakɩŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa kɛ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa kɛ Roma mba tɛ peɖe.

Gard tɛ Kondoloko ŋgʋ kɩwɛ mbɩ yɔ, yee pewila cee wayɩ tɔm tɔzʋʋ kpom taa kɔyɔ, pana kʋ-tɔm ɖɔɖɔ. Pɛkpɛnda na-kʋ nɛ pakalɩ caanaʋ wondu kpeɣkpe taa. Nɛ pama kondoloko ŋgʋ kɩ-hɩɖɛ kɛ ɛjɛɛ n̄ɩm tɔsʋ cɛŋga UNESCO ŋgbɛyɛ yɔ kɛ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ alɩwaatʋ taa kɛ pɩnaɣ 1985 taa.
George Washington

George Washington, palʊla-ɩ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 22 pɩnaɣ 1732 kɛ Pope's Creek (Virginie egeetiye taa). Ɛsɩ saŋayiŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 14 pɩnaɣ 1799 Mount Vernon (Virginie egeetiye taa). Ɛɛkɛ Ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ Amerika ɛjaɖɛ taa, ɛɛkɛ sɔɔjanaa ñʊʊtʊ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ palakaɣ tɩyɔɔ wɛʊ you kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1775 nɛ 1783 nɛ kajalaɣ Amerika ɛjaɖɛ tɛ ñʊʊtʊ sɩʊ, tʊma labʊ pɩnaɣ 1789 nɛ 1797. 

Wachington kaakɛ haɖaʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ kajalaɣ tʊ kɛ ɛ-tɛ egeetiye taa pɩlɩna Mount Vernon yɔɔ. Pɩtɩŋna ɛzɩma ɛɖʊ nesi Pɩnzɩ Lʊbɛ you taa yɔ pɩnzɩ 1756 ŋtalɩ 1763 alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ, ɛpɩsɩ kpɛɖɛɛ kpɛɖɛɛ hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-nɩɩlɛ ɛ-yɔɔ kɛ Atilantiiki ɛyʊ sɔsɔ nɛ pɩha-ɩ ɖoŋ nɛ ɛsʊ politiki tɔm taa. Ɛzɩma ɛlʊba se Amerika ɛjaɖɛ ɛɖɛ nɛ ɛsɩnda nɛ ɛzɩma ɛ-hɩɖɛ kʊya yɔ pʊyɔɔ lɛ, ɛpɩsɩ Amerika sɔɔjɔna nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʊ, ɛcɔlɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖeu nɛ halɩ pɔkɔɔ pawa, pɩtɩŋna Fransɩɩ ɛyaa tɛ sɩnaʊ yɔɔ kɛ Aŋglɩtɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ. 

You ŋgʊ kɩtɛma lɛ, ɛsʊ Amerika ɛjaɖɛ tɛ paɣtʊ takayaɣ tɔm cɔlʊʊ yɔɔ nɛ ɛla nɔɔ kʊyʊmaɣ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ palakaɣ kajalaɣ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊ tʊ caaja yɔ. Kpaɣ e-kpelaɣ yɔɔ caɣʊ alɩwaatʊ pɩnzɩ tɔm nabʊlɛ mbʊ yɔ Washington wɩlaa se ɛkɛ tʊma yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ keeke nɛ ɛpɩza paa yoŋ kaawɛ ɛzɩma ɛyaa hɛkɩŋ taa kɔyɔ nɛ Eerɔpʊ ajɛyɛ taa kɔyɔ. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ wɛ takayasɩ sakɩyɛ yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ paakaɣ ɛ-yɔɔ sɔʊ kaʊ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa.

Amerika ɛyaa maɣzɩ se ɛnʊ kɛnɛ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ kiɖe ɖʊyʊ, Washington laba tʊma sakɩyɛ nɛ amʊna ñamtʊ ɖooo kpaɣ kpaɣɖʊ 18 alɩwaatʊ taa. Pakpaɣ ɛ-hɩɖɛ nɛ paha Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ se Washington. Ɛ-tɛ anjaʊ wɛɛ kpaɣ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1932 kɛ liidiye pɔyaɣ 25 yɔɔ nɛ agbaba hatʊ yɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ loɖo lɛ kɛ, ɛ-caa sɩba. E-ɖalaa hɛkʊ taa mba kpaɣ ɛ-caa ñɩm sakɩyɛ tɛtʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa. 

Ɛ-ɖalʊ sɔsɔ, Lawrence Washington, kpaɣ Little Hunting Creek hayim ɛlɛɣzɩ-pʊ hɩɖɛ se Mount Vernon pɩlɩna Piritaniiki ɛyʊ nɔyʊ yɔɔ Edward Vernon. Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛjɔŋna George sukuli labʊ yɔɔ halɩ ɛ-yɔɔ pɩtɩŋna nɛ ɛsɔɔlɩ Ohio ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩñɩŋaɣ Appalaches wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa tɛtʊ yɔɔ yɔ. George kɔɔ ɛkpaɣ Rappahannock tɛtʊ nɛ ɛtɩyɩ-tʊ, ɖenɖe ɛ-nɛ e-ɖoo paawɛɛ yɔɔ nɛ pɩtasɩna ɛ-ɖalaa nɛ ɛ-kɔɔnaa, ɛlɛ hayɩm mbʊ pɩta kɔkɔnaɣ taatalɩ-ɩ se ɛpɩzɩ ɛla Aristote fezuu caɣʊ.
Georges Bizet

Alexandre César Léopold Bizet, pakɩlɩ-ɩ sɩm nɛ Georges Bizet. Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛkɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa hendu lɩzɩyʊ. Palʊla-ɩ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 25 pɩnaɣ 1838 Paarii tɛtʊ. Ɛsɩ mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 3 pɩnaɣ 1875 taa kɛ Bougivale (Seine-et-Oise). Ɛnʊ lɩzɩna Carmen hendu, opera naa taa kajalaɣ ñɩŋʊ ŋgʊ pakɩlaɣ teu yɔ. 

Palʊla Bizet aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 25 pɩnaɣ 1838 alɩwaatʊ taa kɛ Auvergne tɛ Tour habɩyɛ yɔɔ Paarii tɛtʊ (egeetiye kɩbɩnɖɛ naalɛ nɖɛ). 

Ɛ-caa, Adolphe Armand Bizet, kɔɔnaɣ taa lɛ, ɛɛkɛ hʊnɖʊ nɛ hulasi lʊyʊ, pɩsɩ ɛtɩ hendu kpɛlɛkɩyʊ pɩnaɣ 1837. E-ɖoo, Aimée Léopoldine Joséphine Delsarte, ɛkɛ piyaanoo maɖʊ, kpɛlɛkɩ-ɩ ñɩɣyʊ ŋgʊ kɩyɔɔ kajalaɣ laɣsɩ. E-egbele François Delsarte, ɛlɛ ñɛkɛ wilɩyʊ sɔsɔ hendu nɔmɔʊ taa, Gluck tʊ keeke, ɛkɛ niiye mʊyʊ Erɔpʊ kpeekpe taa.  

 
Paɖanɩ pɩɣa lɩm sɔʊ nɛ paya-kɛ se Georges Bizet lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 16 pɩnaɣ 1840 taa kɛ Notre-Dame-de Lorette Paarii tɛtʊ taa. Ɛ-kpaŋgbamʊ abalɩ ñɩnʊ kɔyɔ Philippe Louis Brulley, Brunière tɛ ñɩnʊ. Halɩñɩnʊ kɔyɔ Hyppolite Sidonie Daspres. Georges caŋ ɛwɩlɩ kʊjɔŋ sakɩyɛ pɩlɩna miziiki hɔɔlʊʊ taa nɛ ɛtɩ sʊʊ payɛ nɛ yɔɔdaɣ ɖɩkpɛlɩyɛ Paarii tɛtʊ taa ɛlɛ, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ nakʊ yeke. Marmontel piyaanoo ɖaŋ taa kɛ ɛsʊwa. Ɛcaŋ ɛmʊ kɩhɛyʊ piyaanoo mabʊ nɔmɔʊ taa pɩnaɣ 1851 nɛ naalɛ ŋgʊ pɩnaɣ 1852.  

Georges kpaɣ halʊ kɛ mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 3 pɩnaɣ 1869. Ɛ-halʊ ɛnʊ payaɣ se Geneviève Halévy, ɛkɛ Georges tɛ hendu lɩzʊʊ wɩlɩyʊ. Payaɣa-ɩ se Jacques Fromental Halévy, pɩnzɩ lʊbɛ kɛ ɛ-sɩm wayɩ nɛ Léonie Rodrigues-Henriques. Evebu pɩɣa ŋga kaawɛna pɩnzɩ 30 lɛ, ɛ-halʊ kaawɛna pɩnzɩ 20. Ɛsʊʊ pɩtɩŋna e-nesi ɖɔkʊʊ yɔɔ kɛ Halévy cejewiye taa, pɩɩkɛ Yuda mba cejewiye sɔsɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ kɛ nɖɩ ɖɩɩwɛ Fransɩɩ ɛyaa taa yɔ.
Giacomo Puccini

Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria Puccini kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Itaalii yɔ ɖɩ-tɛtʋ taa tʋ. Palʋla-ɩ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ taa kɩyakʋ hiŋ naalɛ nɛ naalɛ (22) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye pɩnaɣ 1858 n̄ɩŋga taa. Lone nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Lucques yɔ ɖɩ-tɛtʋ taa peeɖe palʋla-ɩ .

Lone nɖɩ, ɖɩwɛ egeetiye nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Grand-duché de Toscane yɔ, ɖɩ-taa. Ɛsɩba kamɩŋ fenaɣ taa kɩyakʋ hiŋ nakʋ n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye pɩnaɣ 1924 n̄ɩŋga taa. Bruxelles egeetiye tɛtʋ taa ɛsɩba. Ɖajaa Michele Puccini ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ wendu lɩzɩyʋ nɛ soo luɖu sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ siŋŋ Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa peɖe.

Itaalii tʋ ɛnɛ, pakpaɣ-ɩ ɛzɩ ɛkɛ wendu lɩzɩyʋ nɛ soo luɖu sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ siŋŋ ɖɔɖɔ wɛɛ nakʋ (19) n̄ɩŋgʋ taa nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ kpaɖʋ hiŋ naalɛ (20) n̄ɩŋgʋ ɖɔɖɔ nɔɔ yɔ mbɩ yɔ. E-liɖe lɩna hɔʋʋ kɩbɩnʋʋ nakʋyʋ taa. Hɔʋʋ kɩbɩnʋʋ ŋgʋ, kɩ-taa kajalaa mba lakaɣ minziiki cɩmɩŋ siŋŋ.

Ɖɩcɔna kɔyɔ, ɖɩnaɣ size, hɔʋʋ ŋgʋ, soo mabʋ ndɩ ndɩ tam kagbanzɩ mbɔ yɔ, kɔŋ nɛ pɩɖɛʋ waa nɛ waa taa mbɩ yɔ.

Ɛ-cɔzɔnaa cɔzɔnaa cɔzɔ sɔsɔ ɛnɛ, palʋla ɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 1712 n̄ɩŋga taa, nɛ ɛsɩ pɩnaɣ 1781 n̄ɩŋga taa kɛ mbɩ yɔ.

Ɛ-caa payaɣ size Michele Puccini. Giacomo Puccini wezu caɣʋʋ, nɛ ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ labʋ, nɛ ɛ-sɔlɩm ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ ɖɩlaɖɛ taa ha nʋmɔʋ ɖajaanaa panɛ yɔ : Paolo Benvenuti, nɛ Paola Baroni size pala filim nɛ pɔcɔna-kʋ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm n̄ɩyʋʋ yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 2008 taa kɛ palaba filim ŋgʋ. Kɩwɛɛ mbʋ nɛ pɔtɔzʋʋ na ɛyɔ.
Gizeh tɛtʋ taa pɩlaŋ

**Gizeh** tɛtʋ taa naŋgɩŋ kɛ naŋgɩŋ weyi ɛkɩla walʋʋ kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ yɔ. Naŋgɩŋ ɛnʋ ɛwɛ Egipiti (Égypte) ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛwɛ Niili pɔɔ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa pʊʊ sɔsɔʋ nakʊyʊ n̄ʋʋ taa. Ɛ-taa pepiŋaɣ sɩɖaa ɖooo lɔŋ. Egipiti (Égypte) ɛjaɖɛ taa pɩlɑŋ kpɛndɩ tindima naanza taa: wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa pɩlaŋ wɛɛ, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ñɩŋ ñɛwɛɛ, hadɛ kiŋ pɩlaŋ n̄ɛwɛɛ nɛ hɛkʊ taa pɩlaŋ n̄ɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. 

Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa pɩlaŋ taa pepiŋ awiya nɛ a-lila taa n̄ɩma. Pʋ-yɔɔ pohuyi-i abila naŋ cɔlɔ. Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa pɩlaŋ ɛnʋ ɛ-taa pepimi sɔdɩŋ ɛnɛ e-piya:  Khéops, Kaouab Ier (G 7120 nɛ G 7110), Hordjédef (G 7220 nɛ G 7210) nɛ Khoufoukhaf (G 7140 et G 7130). 

Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa pɩlaŋ kɛna pɩlaŋ weyi pakɩlɩɣ haʊ ñamtʊ yɔ. Peeɖe pepima mastabas waa kpaɣ dynastie waa IV ŋkɔɔ ŋtalɩ VI taa n̄ɩma. Pɛtɛyɩ-ɩ tam naadozo taa nɛ pepiŋ layaa mba pepiŋ ɛyaa yɔ kajalaɣ hɔɔlʊʊ taa. Nabʊlɛ taa lɛ, mastabaswaa tɛ hɔɔlʊʊ; kʊ-kʊ taa pepiŋ mastabaswaa mba pan̄aŋ-wɛ nɛ pɩkɩlɩ yɔ. Peeɖe pepima sɔsɔ Vizir Hémiounou (G 4000). Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa pɩlaŋ taa pepiŋ mastabaswaa mba paakɩlɩɣ-wɛ haʊ ñamtʊ yɔ.
Gobi kañɩnbʊsaɣ

Goobi kañɩnbʊsaɣ wɛ kpaɣ Siini hayʊ kɩŋ nɛ Mongoli hadɛ kɩŋ pɛhɛkʊ taa. Kawalɩ sɩŋŋŋ. Pɛtɛyɩ Mongoli tam napʊtozo kɔyɔ, Goobi kañɩnbʊsaɣ kpakʊ ɛzɩ hɔɔlɩŋ naalɛ yɔ. Kadaŋga hɔɔlʊ ŋgʊ lɛ, pʊʊ cɔ-kʊ kpɛɛɛ nɛ pɩta. Ɖinaɣ Altaï pʊʊ, Mongoli piyasi nzɩ sɩ yɔɔ nɛ ñɩtʊ  kpɛmmm yɔ, Tibetain pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-ñʊʊ taa walɩ camɩyɛ landammm yɔ pɩnɛ Siini hayʊ kɩŋ kadaŋga. Tʊtʊʊyɛ taa lɛ, Mongoli kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, Gobi tɔbʊ se hɔɔlʊ ŋgʊ nɩkaɣ takɩlɩ wɛʊ yɔ. Payaɣ Goobi ŋgʊ ɖɔɖɔ se Tsöl mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ peeɖe wɛ kʊlam ɛzɩ ñanaɣ teŋgʊ yɔ. Gobi kñɩnbusaɣ yɔɔ tɔm wɛ welesiɣ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɖooo caanaʊ taa lɛ, peeye ɛyaa tɩŋgaɣna heŋ tɔna nɛ pɛɖɛʊ ajɛya ntɩ ntɩ taa kɛlɛʊ kɛlɛʊ nɛ palakɩ kɩlɛɛzʊ.

Goobi kañɩnbʊsaɣ ɖalaakɩŋ taa wɛ kilomɛtanaa 1600 kpaɣna wsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ hadɛ kɩŋ. Toboyuu taa lɛ pɩmaɣna kilomɛtanaa 800 kpaɣna hayʊ kɩŋ ŋwolo ŋsɩɩna hadɛ kɩŋ. Gobi kañɩnbʊsaɣ wɛ kañɩnbʊsasɩ nzɩ sɩkɩlɩ walʊʊ kedeŋga kpeekpe taa yɔ; mbʊ pʊyɔɔ kɩ-tɛ walanzɩ taa wɛ 1300OOOkm2. Gobi kañɩnbʊsaɣ tɔm nɛ tɩɩndɩ kpem. Lɛɛsɩ taa lɛ; kañɩŋga panaɣ, ɛlɛ kaka taa yɔ kaaŋ kɩlana ɖɔʊ. 

Goobi tɛtʊ yɔɔ ñɩm wɛ ntɩ ntɩ. Ɖɩnaɣ kadanzɩ nɛ sɩ-taa ñɩtʊ nɛ wɩlɩŋ pɛwɛɛ yɔ; tɛtʊ ñabɩ nɛ kaaŋ nɛ kañɩŋga. Wɩsɩ ɛɛñakɩ sɩŋŋŋ peeɖe. Pɩnaɣ taa lɛ, wɩsɩ ñakɩ kɩyakɩŋ 250 ɖeke.

Kpankʊɖʊmwaa cakɩ hɔɔlɩŋ nɩyɛ. Pacakɩ aɖaaɖaanaa yɔɔ yaa kpaŋganzɩyɔɔ. Napʊyʊ taa lɛ, lɔɔɖa taa pacakɩ nɛ pɔcɔʊ. Kpankʊɖʊm waa mba pazʊ coka taa. Po-coka ana, pamaɣ yɛ kʊlʊ kʊlʊ. 
Peeɖe, awayɩ tɛtɛ wondu taa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ Przewalski kpaŋnʊ, kpou yaa kpemtɔyaɣ.

Ɛyaa paazɩ ɖɔɖɛ peeɖe pɩtɛkɛ sɔnɔ. Pɔɖɔʊ pʊŋ nɛ heŋ. Ɛ-taa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ «angora». Angora ŋgʊ pɔsɔɔlɩ kɩɖɔʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ kɩ-tɔnɛ wɛ ɖeu kamaɣ fɛyɩ.

Nemegt hɛɛʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛna wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ hadɛ kɩŋ yɔ, patʊʊ-kʊ hɩɖɛ se «Dragons» waa hɛɛʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, peeɖe kɛ ɖooo lɔŋ taa kpɩna ɖɩcaɣyɛ kaawɛɛ. Panaɣ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ kɛ «Dinosaures» naa nɛ pa-yala ɖɔɖɔ.

Goobi kañɩnbʊsaɣ taa tɛʊ nɩʊ yaa wɩsɩ ñaaʊ wɛ wɛɖɩɣ. Pɩlɩɣ na yolim yaa lʊŋgɩyɛ taa tɔm. Mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ taa lɛ, wɩsɩ ɖoŋ ɖɛ ɛzɩ 38°c. Saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ taa lɛ, nikaɣ wɛ fɩnɩnɩ. Pɩtɛ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, nikaɣ ñɛ -250°c. Keteŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ lɛ, Anntarctique wayɩ lɛ, Gobi taa kɛ nikaɣ kɩlaa. Peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ heelim makɩ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Ɖoo taa yaa tɛbɩyɛ tɛɛ mbʊ yɔ, piniidu niidu mbʊ yɔ pɩmakʊna ɛzɩ 32°c yɔ. Fɛɛnɩʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Yollin Am yɔ, hasɩ yaɖɛ fenaɣ taa,ɛyʊ pɩzɩɣ ɛna lɩm pɛ. Tʊtʊ wayɩ ɖɩnɩɣ se Gobi kañɩbʊsaɣ wɛɛ kawalɩɣ nɛ kawalɩɣ. Pɩnaɣ taa lɛ kañɩnbʊsaɣ ŋga kasʊ lona wena awɛ p,ucɔlɔ kpɛɛɛ yɔ nɛ pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ 10000km2 yɔ.
Goethe

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe kɛna weyi ɛma takayasɩ nzɩ ɛya pɩzɩɣ pɔyɔɔdɩ sɩ-yɔɔ tɔm sakɩyɛ yɔ. Ɛ-takayɛsɩ nzɩ, sɩyɔɔdɩɣ caanaʊ tɔm yaa tɔm ndʊ sɩkɛdɩɣ tɔm ndɩ ndɩ yɔ. Ɛ-takayasɩ nzɩ, sɩtama-ɩ nɛ lalaa takayasɩ, ɛzɩ Sturm und Drang nɛ classicisme de Weimar (Weimarer Klassik). Physique taa lɛ, ɛlɩza mʊntʊsʊʊ tɛ théorie nɛ tomnaɣ yɔɔ lɛ, ɛna se ɛyʊ tamaɣ taa nɛ mɔɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ. Payaɣ ɛzɩ ɛwɛ Illuminés de Bavière waat aa nɛ ɛɛsɔʊ Hafez yɔɔ.

Ɛma takayasɩ cabɩ nɛ sɩ-taa kɔyɔ: Souffrances du jeune Werther (Die Leiden des jungen Werthers), Les Affinités électives (Wahlverwandtschaften), Faust I et II, Les Années d'apprentissage de Wilhelm Meister (Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre). Pɩtasɩɩna sɩ-ɖeke, ɛma keesɩ takayasɩ ɖɔɖɔ; nɛ sɩ-taa lɛ atʊwa nɛ tɔm ntɩ ntɩ wɛɛ ɛlɛ caama kʊnʊŋ taa kɛ sɩkɩla wɛʊ. Sɩ-sɩ yɔ: Willkommen und Abschied (« Es schlug mein Herz, geschwind zu Pferde / es war getan fast eh gedacht »), Mignon (« kennst du das Land wo die Zitronen blühn… », pʊtɔbʊʊ se, ŋsɩma ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa akaŋganaa hɔʊ camɩyɛ yɔ), Le Roi des aulnes (« Wer reitet so spät durch Nacht und Wind / es ist der Vater mit seinem Kind… ») Der König in Thule nɛ ŋkpaɣ ŋɖɛɛ.

## Ɛ-ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ e-efebutu
Goethe waa kɛna ɛyaa mba palɩna Thuringe hɔɔlʊ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pʊcɔ nɛ palʊlʊ Johann Wolfgang lɛ, paawɛ Francfort ɖɩɣa taa, ɖenɖe payaɣ sɔnɔ se Goethe-Haus . payaɣ ɛ-caa se Johann Caspar Goethe (1710-1782), ɛɛkɛ tɔm hʊyʊ nɛ e-wezu caɣʊ taa lɛ, ɛɛkpaɣ alɩwaatʊ sakɩyɛ nɛ ɛtʊlɩ tɔm hʊʊ kʊdʊyʊ nɛ ɛyaa kʊ se Histoire naturelle kʊdʊyʊʊ. 

Ɛzɩ René Berthelot yɔɔdɩɣ yɔ, ɛkalɩzaɣ kɛ sciences yɔɔ yebɩna nɛ ɛ-ñʊʊ taa lɔŋ nɛ ɛ-tɛ filozofii pakpa ɖɔŋ sɩŋŋŋ. Ɛkɛ ɛyʊ weyi ɛsɔɔla cɔʊ ajɛya taa sakɩyɛ yɔ nɛ ɛɛma takayaɣ nakɛyɛ nɛ pɩnaɣ 1932 kɛ posusa ka-taa tɔm. Payaɣ e-ɖoo se Catharina Elisabeth Goethe (1731-1808) kɛ Textor tɛtʊ taa; ɛlɛ sɔɔla wɔndʊ sʊʊ tɔm kamaɣ fɛyɩ. E-ɖoo ɛnʊ ɛwala lɔŋ sɩnɖʊ Goethe kɛ pɩŋzɩ 17 taa, ŋgʊ ɛ-walʊ ɛnʊ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 38. Johann Wolfgang nɛ ɛ-caa pataahaɣ mɩŋ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛɛkɩla ñaŋ. Pa-ñɩma cɔlɔ lɛ, Johann Wolfgang (ɛkɛ pɩɣa naalɛ ŋga) nɛ e-neu Cornelia Friderike Christina (palʊla-ɩ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ 7 wiye pɩnaɣ 1750) pa-naalɛ kɛ pɩkazaa; paa pɩnaɣ 1758 taa kpɩzɩm kaakpɛngɛsa-ɩ ɛzɩma kɔyɔ.
 
Ɛkʊyaa lɛ, ɛkpɛlɛka kʊnʊmɩŋ sakɩyɛ ɛzɩ Krɛsɩ, Latɛŋ, Fransɩ, Engilisi nɛ Hebra. Ɛkpɛlɛka patʊ nɛ ɛsɔɔlɩ tɩ-tɔm, ɛsɩma équitation nɛ escrime ɖɔɖɔ camɩyɛ. Pɩtɩŋga mbʊ yɔ, ɛ-caa weyi ɛtɔsɔɔlɩɛ-tɔm mbʊ yɔ, ɛnʊ ɛkpɛlɛkɩna-ɩ ɛlɛ e-ɖoo tɔm kpem kɛ ɛkɩlɩ sɔɔlɩɣ nɛ ɛnʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɛwakɩ tɩŋgɩɣ. Pɩwɛɛ mbʊ kpem lɛ, ɛ-taa tatɩɩ fɛyɩ leleŋ wiɖii kaʊ. Ɛlɛ e-sukili lɛɛza-ɩ kamaɣ fɛyɩ: Eyeba you tɔm nɛ ɛpɩsɩ pɩɣa ŋga kɛwɛna ñamtʊ camɩyɛ yɔ; ɛɛlazɩɣ tɔm ndʊ pawɩla-ɩ yɔ ɖɔkɩɣ; ɛsɔɔla anjaʊwaa lɩzɩʊ tɔm ɛlɛ wondʊ teu tɔm lɛ, ɛɛpɩzɩɣ tʊtʊ. Pɩnzɩ lʊbɛ tɛ you yebina nɛ pɩmalɩna-ɩ nɛ Fransɩ tɛ tɩlɩtʊ nɛ pɛ-wɛɖɩɣ sʊʊna-ɩfɩbɩ. Sɔɔja weyi payaɣ-ɩ se comte de Thorane yɔ, ɛɛcaɣ pɛ-tɛ Goethe kɛ pɩnaɣ 1759, ŋgʊ France sɔɔjanaa ñaawɛ Francfort. Thorance nɛ Goethe caa paakɛ taabalaa nɛ pʊyɔɔ lɛ ɛ-caa ɛnʊ, ɛsɩna Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ñɩma you kɛ ɖenɖe payaɣ se Rossbach yɔ. Pɩla mbʊ lɛ, ɛ-ɛtɩ Textor ñataasɔɔlɩ se ɛsɩna-wɛ. Pa-tabalɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-yɔɔ kɛ ɛ-pɩyalʊ Johann Goethe pɩzaa nɛ e-wolo wiyau Germouanie Joseph II kɛ pɩnaɣ 1764.
You

You, pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩkɛ kaɖɛ tɔm natʊyʊ ndʊ poyouna you wondu yɔ. Pɩkɛ you ŋgʊ kʊwɛ ɛyaa hɛkʊ taa pɩtɩnŋa politiki lɩmaɣza ɛzɩ ajɛyɛ hɛkɩŋ taa nɛ pɩpɩsɩɣ koyondiye kpem ɛyaa hɛkɩŋ taa. You pɩzɩɣ kɩla ɖɔɖɔ ɛyaa kʊyʊma hɛkɩŋ taa lone kʊyʊmɖɩyɛ taa yaa ɛjaɖɛ kʊyʊmɖɩyɛ taa, mbʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ yaa payaɣ you ŋgʊ se ɖama hɛkʊ taa you, kʊnʊmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ tɩna pɩzɩɣ poyo, ɛyaa kʊyʊ ɖɔɖɔ lalaa yɔɔ, ajɛyɛ you naa ɖama ɖɔɖɔ.
 
Yoŋ nɛ ɛ-tɛ wondu wɛna paɣtʊ yaa waɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩfɛyɩ keeke, you paɣtʊ, pɩsana kedeŋga samaɣ kiɖe. Paɣtʊ takayasɩ nzɩ sɩɖʊna ɛzɩma pɩkɛna yɔ, pazɩtʊ, wondu ndʊ palana you ŋgʊ. Pʊcɔ you pazɩ lɛ, ñɩŋʊʊ nabʊyʊ wɛʊ, pana paɣtʊ takayaɣ wɛɛ, pazɩtʊ takayaɣ wɛɛ. 

Ɛlɛ pɩtɩŋɛ payi mbʊ yɔ pɩpɩzɩ pɩcaɣ yem pɩtɩŋna kizitu natʊyʊ yɔɔ, ɛgbaɣdɩyɛ labʊ yɔɔ, tɩ pɩsɩnaʊ, nɩnaʊ takayasɩ labʊ ɛzɩ tisuu yaa kizuu yaa wabɩtʊ ajɛyɛ lɛna yɔɔ, kɩma kɩhɛyɩŋ nɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ labʊ kɔɔ pʊwayi.

Lɛɣtʊ ndʊ palakɩ nɛ pʊcɔ papazɩ you yɔ payaɣ se lɔŋ, wabɩtʊ lɛɣtʊ payaɣ se tɩlɩyɛ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ nɛ pʊcɔ you paɣzɩ yɔ payaɣ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ tɩlɩna Latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa polemos nɛ pʊtɔbʊʊ se you nɛ tɩ yɔɔ kadɩnaɣ logos tɔbʊʊ se kpɛlɛkʊʊ. Carl von Clausewitz cɔlɔ lɛ, you kɛ wɛtʊ lɛtʊ ndʊ tɩɖɛʊ wobu yɔɔ wobu yɔɔ pɩtɩŋna laɣsɩ naa ndɩ ndɩ yɔɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ Carl Schmitt ñɔtɔŋ se politiki ŋgʊ kʊtɔsɔɔlɩ you lɩɣna ɛzɩma ɖɩtɛyɩɣ ɛgbaadɩna nɛ koyondina yɔ.
 
Gaston Bouthoul cɔlɔ lɛ, you kɛ ɖama kʊyɩnaʊ nɛ pɩwɛna laɣsɩ nzɩ pasɩma-zɩ pɩlɩna mba pacaɣ labʊ you ŋgʊ nɛ mba pacaɣ-kʊ labɩnaʊ yɔ. Mbʊ lɛ, pɩwɛna lone nɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ yɔɔ palakɩ you ŋgʊ yɔ nɛ pɩwɛna paɣtʊ ndʊ tɩlɩna tɔm hʊya cɔlɔ. Paɣtʊ ndʊ tɩlɛzɩɣ pɩtɩŋna lona wena a-taa palakɩ yɔu nɛ wɛɛ wena a-taa palakɩ you ŋgʊ yɔ. Kpaagba ñɩŋʊ ŋgʊ pasɩma-kʊ nɛ calɩm kpɛɖʊʊ sakɩyɛ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ patɩkʊ ɛyaa kɔyɔ pɩwɩlɩɣ se pɛkɛzɩɣ ɖama kɩkɛzɩɣ nɛ tɔm.
Guillaume le conquérant

Guillaume wabɩyʊ kɛ Anglɩtɛɛrɩ wiyaʊ nɛ paya-ɩ Guillaume Kajalaɣ tʊ, Normandii ɛyaa tɛ wiyaʊ sɔsɔ papa ya-ɩ se Guillaume 2, patasɩ-ɩ yaʊ ɖɔɖɔ se Bâtard Guillaume, palʊla-ɩ Falaise tɛtʊ taa pɩnaɣ 1027 yaa 1028 nɛ ɛsɩ Rouen salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 9 pɩnaɣ 1087, ɛɛkɛ wiyaʊ Anglɩtɛɛrɩ kpaɣ 1066 pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ ɛ-sɩm pɩnaɣ kɛ 1087 nɛ Normandii waa tɛ wiyaʊ pɩnaɣ 1035 pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ ɛ-sɩm ɖɔɖɔ.

Robert Magnifique nɛ Falaise Arlette (Herleva) pɩɣa kɛlɛ, Guillaume pɩsa Normandii ɛjaɖɛ tɛ wiyaʊ lɛ, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 8, mbʊ lɛ, ɛ-caa kaasɩba. Yoŋ alɩwaatʊ sakɩyɛ wayi kɛ ɛpɩza ɛɖanɩ kpaʊ kewiyaɣ kpaɣ Val-ès-Dunes you wayi kɛ pɩnaɣ 1047 taa. Ɛla halʊ Flandre Mathide kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1050, nɛ ɛpɩsɩ Normandii ɛjaɖɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖoŋ nɖɛ, ɛsɔndʊʊ Fransɩɩ wiyaʊ Henri 1 (pɩnaɣ 1031 ŋtalɩ 1060) nɛ Philippe 1 (pɩnaɣ 1060 ŋtalɩ 1108).
    
Fada Edouard sɩm wayi lɛ, ɛfana kewiyaɣ lɛɛzɩtʊ you nɛ ɛkpa ɛcaɣ Anglɩtɛɛrɩ kewiyaɣ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛwaba Hastings you yɔ pɩnaɣ 1066. Wabɩtʊ ndʊ tɩpɩsɩ-ɩ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊ tʊ weyi paakuluu nɛ-ɩ nɔɔ Eerɔpʊ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ nɛ pɩkɔna lɛɛzɩtʊ sakɩyɛ Aŋglɩtɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, ɛlɛ pɩtɩŋɛ payi mbʊ yɔ pʊmʊʊ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Normandie sɔsaa tiba pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa.

Pʊwayi lɛ, ɛpaɣzɩ labʊ yoŋ nɛ e-koyondina sakɩyɛ, paa Aŋglɩtɛɛrɩ taa peeɖe maɣmaɣ yaa (kʊyɩnɩyaa mba paawɛ Edgar Atheling wayi yɔ, Danois ɛyaa nɛ Ecɔsɩ ɛyaa) yaa ɛjaɖɛ mba (Foulque Réchin kɩpaɣlʊ, Flandre kɩpaɣlʊ Robert 1, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Fransɩɩ Philippe 1). Ɛyʊ ɛnɛyɔ ɛsɩ Rouen tɛtʊ taa pɩnaɣ 1087 alɩwaatʊ taa ndʊ ɛɖʊ Mante kabʊɣa taa, ewoba you nɛ Philippe 1kɛ Vexin tɛtʊ taa. Pepimi-ɩ Abbaye ɛzɩ Caen ɛyaa yɔ.

Robert Magnifique pɩsa Normand tɛ wiyaʊ pɩnaɣ 1027 kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛ-ɖalʊ sɔsɔ Richard 3 tʊ sɩba yɔ, mbʊ lɛ, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 20 yeke. Ɛnɛ ɛnʊyɔ ɛlɛzɩ pa-caa Richard 2 tʊ lone taa, ɛlɛ sɩba puwoba ɛzɩ pɩnaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ mbʊ yɔ. Richard 3 tʊ tɛ tuda sɩm waza Robert, weyi pahuna-ɩ tɔm pɩtɩŋna takayasɩ maya yɔɔ se ɛnʊ ɖʊna kɔyɛ ɛ-ɖalʊ. Richard yele evebupɩɣa nakayɛ kalɩmpaɣnɩ ñɩŋa, Nicola koposɩna kewiyaɣ ɖɩɣa.
Gustav Mahler

Gustav Mahler kɛ Otirisi tʋ. Palʋla-ɩ Kaliště tɛtʋ taa Otirisi ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe. Otirisi kewiisi kpɛndʋ ɛjaɖɛ pɩsɩ sɔnɔdaat Cɛkɛsolovaki ɛjaɖɛ.

Palʋla-ɩ kɩyakʋ lʋbɛ (7) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ taa, pɩnaɣ 1860 ɩŋga taa. Ɛsɩba Otirisi ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe Fɩyɛɛnɩ tɛtʋ taa. Ɛsɩba agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ lutozo (18) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1911 taa.

Ɖajaa Gustav Mahler ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ wendu lɩzɩyʋ nɛ soo luɖu sʋsɔ nɔɔyʋ siŋŋ. Pɩtɛkɛ piɖeke, ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ soo tɩnaa ɖɩjaɣyɛ taa n̄ʋʋdʋ nɔɔyʋ nɛ piyaanoo maɖʋ Otirisi ɛjaɖɛ taa.

Ɛ-hɔʋʋ kaakɛ Yuda mba hɔʋ yaa Isrɛɛlɩ mba n̄ɩŋgʋ kɛ Kaliště haɖaa taa.  Ɛkɛ Bohême cejewiye taa tʋ. Payaɣ ɛ-caa se  kɛlɛ Bernhard Mahler nɛ payaa e-ɖoo se Marie.
Gɔɔlɩfʋ you tɔm

You laba mbʊ nɛ kɩyakɩŋ hiu nɛ naalɛ wayɩ lɛ, Fransɩɩ tɛ minisiɖi weyi ɛcɔŋna peeɖe ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ kandayʊ yɔɔ yɔ, Jean-Pierre Chevènement ma takayaɣ nɛ etiyina ñʊʊ tʊ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ François Mitterrand nɛ eheɣ-ɩ se ɛnʊ tɔsɔɔlɩ you yɔ ɛtatasɩ sɔɔlɩɣ se ɛkɛ minisiɖi. Jean-Pierre Chevènement taa wɛɛ nɛ pɩwɩzʊ nɛ ɛzɩma Fransɩɩ nɛ Amerika mba paɖʊ nɔsɩ kɛ you ŋgʊ kɩ-taa yɔ. Jean-Pierre Chevènement, weyi ɛkɛ pɩndɩ-tʊ nɛ esʊŋ yaa ɛkʊyʊ kpelaɣ yɔɔ yɔ, François Mitterrand caŋ ɛlɛzɩ-ɩ nɛ Pierre Joxe.

## Koweït tɩ-yɔɔ wɛʊ

You paɣza nɛ pɩlaba kɩyakɩŋ niitozo lɛ, Iran tɛ sɔɔjanaa kpɩɩ powondu kɛ Koweït ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ pese nɛ peyele nɛ pawayɩ kɛ pɔ-hɔzɩŋ nɛ po-yoŋ lɔɔɖa sɔsɔna. Kɩyakɩŋ niitozo wayɩ ñɩɩtʊ nakʊ nɛ hɔɔlʊ yɔɔ ɖeyi ɖeyi yɔɔ kɛ Irak ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊ-tʊ Saddam Hussein yɔɔda kaɣlaa kɛ Radio-Bagdad taa size ɛ-tɛ sɔɔjanaa paɣzɩpo-hondʊ kpɩyʊʊ kɛ Koweït tɛtʊ taa. Ɖanaɣ wɩsɩ kɔma se sɩhɛlɩɣ lɛ Koweït tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ wɛ tɩ-tɩ yɔɔ. Pɩlaba mbʊ lɛ, samaɣ kpɛsɩ nɛ papazɩ pamʊ Amerika sɔɔjanaa camɩyɛ kpem. Pɩkazɩ nɛ Irak tɛ sɔɔjanaa lɛ, pɩfɛyɩ yɔɔɖɩɣ, pɩkɛna kʊzɔɔtʊ tɔm. Amerika sɔɔjanaa nɛ pa-tabalaa pɛwɛ naŋgɩɣ Irak tɛ sɔɔjanaa kɛ Bassorah haba yɔɔ nɛ pɛɖɛɣʊ yem. Ɛyaa sakɩyɛ hiu sɩm nɛ pakpa sɔɔjanaa ɛzɩ kutokiŋ ɛzɩ nanza yɔ. Lɛlaɣ fenaɣ 28 kɛ pɩnaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ ŋga ka-taa kpaagbaa mbʊ lɛ, Amerika tɛtʊ ñʊʊ-tʊ George Bush yɔɔdɩ se pɩsɩɩna mbʊ, malɩfanaa ɛtaatasɩ kou peeɖe.

## Irak tɩlʊʊ Koweït

You tɛma mbʊ lɛ, Bagdad se ŋgʊ na mbʊ se Koweït lɛ, pʊwɛ se kɩwɛɛ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ yeli ɛzɩ ONU ŋgbɛyɛ yɔɔdɩɣ yɔ. Pɩsana nɛ Irak tɛ ñɩm hʊʊ lɛ, kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naalɛ ñɩŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1990 kaasʊ Koweït tɛtʊ taa se pɩwɛ ɛzɩma yɔ, kɩhɩʊ kaɖazɩm. Pʊkɔm kɔlaɣ fenaɣ 17 ñɩŋgʊ pɩnaɣ 1991 lɛ, Etats-Unis ñʊʊ-tɖaŋgɩ se pɩtaatasɩ mbʊ labʊ. Ɛlɛ, kɩyakɩŋ 3 nɛ 9 wiye pɩnaɣ 1991 kɛ ONU tɛ piliŋga ŋga kɔcɔŋna ɖiu ɖiu caɣʊ yɔɔ yɔ kañɩɣ nesɩ size Iran nɛ Koweït pɛhɛkʊ taa you ŋgʊ kɩhɛɛ mbʊ.
Habɩyɛ

Ɛbɛ payaɣ habɩyɛ? Payaɣ nʋmɔʋ kɩwalʋʋ wululuu ŋgʋ kɩ-yɔɔ lɔɔɖaa nɛ kpokponaa nɛ cɛɛcɛnaa pɔɖɔŋ yɔ se habɩyɛ. Pawasɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ Kabɩyɛ hayɩm taa. Ɛlɛ, habɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɔm ɖɩcaɣ yɔɔdʋʋ yɔ, ɖɩɖɩ wɛ ndɩ. Kabɩyɛ tʋ sɔnzɩ sɔsɔsɩ nasɩyɛ tɔm ɖɩyɔɔdʋʋ. Hama payɛ; mbʋ pɩsɩna se "habɩyɛ".

Pɩnzɩ kagbaanzɩ wayɩ papaɣ habɩyɛ kabɩyɛ tɛtʋ taa. Ɛlɛ, nabɛyɛ paɣ-ɖɩ pɩnzɩ naadozo wayɩ. Kabɩyɛ tʋ paɣ hama payɛ ńɖɩ se ɛɖɔɔnɩna sɩm. Waaɣ pɩɣ lɛ, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se habɩyɛ alɩwaatʋ n̄ɔtʋʋ lɛ, weyi ɛn̄ɔɔzʋʋ ɛ-tɩ se ɛpaa hama payɛ ńɖɩ yɔ, ɛwɛna sɔmtʋ ndɩ ndɩ se ɛsɔŋ. Ɛɛtɔkɩ tɔɔnasɩ tɩŋɛ yem yem. Eeɖukuuna halʋ.

Habɩyɛ kɩyakʋ talɩɣ lɛ, patɩzɩɣ habɩyɛ kɔyɛ paa ɖɩɣa ŋga ka-taa. Paa ɖɩɣa taa cɛja weyi lɛ, ɛkʋ kpɩnɛ nɖɩ ɛpɩzɩɣ se ɛkʋ yɔ nɛ pɔtɔɔna habɩyɛ kɔyɛ. Piya tɛŋ habɩyɛ kɔyɛ n̄ɔʋ lɛ, yee ɖɩɣa taa cɛja ɛn̄ɩnɩɣ se ɛtɩlɩ e-piya taa nzɩ sɩ-ɛza taa naa yɔ kɔyɔ, ɛn̄ɩnɩɣ kolumpaɣ pe nɛ ɛmɩzɩ ɛ-ɖɩɣa wayɩ kpɛɛɛ. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛɛmɩzɩɣ mbʋ yɔ, piya ɛɛnaɣ. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, ɛyaa-sɩ nɛ eheyi-sɩ se sɩcɔɔ ɖɩɣa wayɩ nɛ ŋga kapɩzɩɣ lɛ, keteɣsi-i kolumpaɣ pe wena ɛmɩzaa yɔ nɛ kɔkɔna-ɩ. Pɩɣa ŋga pɩha-kɛ camɩyɛ siŋŋ yɔ, kɔtɔzʋʋ kolumpaɣ pe wena ka-caa mɩzaa yɔ atɩŋa payɩ nɛ kowona-ɩ. Toovenum lɛ, kolumpaɣ pe naʋ wɛ kaɖɛ mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, awɛ n̄ɩɩɩ n̄ɩɩɩ nɛ a-tɔlɩm wɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ putoo yɔ.

Yee ɖɩɣa taa hama payɛ tʋ nɔɔyʋ ɛwɛɛ yɔ, esiki ɛ-kɩkpɛzʋʋ ɖɩɣa nɔnɔɔ taa nɛ ɛpa kɩ-yɔɔ ɛ-n̄ɩɣyɩŋ. Habɩyɛ wiliɣ lɛ, paa habɩyɛ payʋ weyi ɛlɩɩ ɛ-ɖɩɣa nɛ ɛkpaɣkɔdaɣ taa nʋmɔʋ. Piya nzɩ pɩha-sɩ camɩyɛ nɛ peseɣtiɣ-sɩ yɔ, sɩsɩ sʋʋ kubusi hɔɔɣʋ yɔɔ. Hama payɛ tɩnaa tɩŋa suluu ɖama kɔdaɣ taa lɛ, pɩwɛɛkaa kɛlɛ. Paa weyi ɛwɩlɩɣ mbʋ ɛpɩzɩɣ yɔ nɛ ɛyaa na pasa. Pɔsɔkɩ ɖama kɩkpɛzɩmɩŋ, pehizi ɖama sɛsɩ, ɛlɛ, nɔɔyʋ yɔɔ ɛɛlakɩ yeŋ. Pʋsʋm nɔɔyʋ n̄apɩzɩɣ ɛlɩzɩ ɛ-ɛza nɛ ɛɖaɣnɩ-yɛ pɩsɩnaʋ a-ɖeɖe. Nɔɔyʋ n̄ɛsɛtɩ e-piliŋa nakɛyɛ nɛ ɛɖaɣnɩ-kɩ sɔʋ ke-ɖeɖe. Ɛyʋ ɛcɔna hama payɛ, pɩcaɣ sɔɔndʋ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Peeye ɛyʋ naɣ siŋŋ se Ɛsɔ ha ɛyʋ mbʋ yɔ, pɩcaɣ kaɖɛ. Ɛyʋ ɛcɔna pɩŋŋ nɛ peheyi-i se ɛyʋ pɩzɩɣ ɛsɩ eetisiɣ. Pɛsɛ ɛsɔ se pɩnaɣ nakɛyɛ kɩjaŋ kantɔŋ habɩyɛ wiye Togo ɛjaɖɛ n̄ʋʋdʋ ɖajaa Gnassingbe Eyadèma, pɩlaʋ tɔkɩ hɩɖɛ ɛɛsɔʋ. Se ɛtalɩ peeye nɛ ɛ-ɛsɔdaa lɔɔɖɩyɛ nɛ hama payɛ tɩnaa sɩzɩ ɛ-lɔɔɖɩyɛ ɛsɔdaa nɛ ɛtapɩzɩɣ etii se ɛna payɛ. Pɩmaɣ-wɛ lɛ peyeba-ɖɩ nɛ ɛcaŋ ɛɖɛɛ ɛtacazɩɣ tibu se ɛna payɛ.

Hama payɛ tɩnaa paɣ caŋŋŋ nɛ pɩmaɣ maɣʋ nabʋyɛ lɛ, pakpa pɔɔ taa nʋmɔʋ. Pɔcɔlʋʋ pɔɔ kpɛɛɛ se pakpa sɩm. Ɖʋ pɛkɛdɩna sɩm. Pakpa-ɩ lɛ, paɖʋ-ɩ peeɖiɣa nakɛyɛ taa. Peeɖiɣa ŋgaa payaɣ se heɣye. Paɖʋʋ sɩm ḿbʋ lɛ, puhuu nɛ pɩkpɛdɩɣ weyi ɛsɩɣlɩ heɣye mbʋ yɔ ɛ-yɔɔ. Pɩtɛkɛ paa weyi ɛsɩɣlɩɣna heɣye. Aleba taa elebu siŋŋ sɩɣlɩɣna-ɖɩ. Kiŋgiɖiye ɛɖɔŋ nɛ ewona heɣye ɛlɔ ɖɩ-ɖɩlɔyɛ. Ɛɖɔŋ kiŋgiɖiye se sɩm ɛtaatɩlɩ-ɩ. Pɔlɔʋ heɣye nɛ pɩtɛ lɛ, habɩyɛ paʋ tɛma lɛ. Paa elebu weyi, ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛ-ɖɩɣa nɛ ɛhɔzɩ e-lebutu wondu nɛ ɛsɩɩ ti-ɖeɖe. Tɛʋ feŋ lɛ, paa elebu  weyi ɛcaa kpɩnɛ nɖɩ ɛpɩzɩɣ yɔ nɛ ɛn̄alɩna ɛ-nɔɔ taa. Ɖɩtɩlɩ se pʋcɔ nɛ elebu tɔɔ yɛɖɛyɛɖɛ mbʋ paatɔkɩ yɔ lɛ, pɩtɛkɛ ɛ-nɔɔ maɣmaɣ ɛtɔkɩna, ɛlɛɣzɩ ɛ-nɔɔ nɛ pʋyʋ. Elebu weyi ɛfɛyɩ ɖeu yɔ, e-koyindu nɔɔ ɛmʋʋ nɛ ɛtɔɔna mbʋ paatɔkɩ yɔ. Habɩyɛ tɛŋ nɛ ɛpɩsɩnɩ ɛlɛ ɛ-nɔɔ lɛ, ɛ́lɛ nɔɔ kpɛɣ kɛlɛ.
Halɩtʋnɛabalʋpakɩmaŋtɔm

“Pɩkɛnaʋ ajɛya nɛ cajayo kɩjɛyʋʋ se pátɩ ɛzɑɣtʋ wendu palakɩ halaa yɔ nɛ pɛkɛdɩ takayɩsɩ taa yɔ, pɩ-tɔbʋʋ kɛlɛ se pacaɣ se pɩdaasɩɩna naŋgbaŋgʋʋhɔm ɖeke. Kɩjɛyʋʋ ŋ́gʋ, kɩsɩɣna nɛ ɛyaa mà Waɖɛɛjaɖɛ nɛ pekpeeti  politiki nɛ samaɣtʋma labʋ taa kiimuluu yɔɔ. Pɩ́dɛkɛ mbʋ yɔ, laŋhɛzɩyɛ ɛɛwaɣ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ taa nɛ pileɖi . Naŋgbaŋgʋʋ kɩɩhɔŋgʋ camɩɣ ajɛya wena akɛwɛ you taa nɛ you ŋgʋ kɩtɛ nɛ acɛyɩɣ adɩ se afezi fʋʋʋ yɔ, a-tikila, mbʋ pʋ-yɔɔ yɔ, piyeki pɩwɛɛ ɛzɩ pohuuzuu pɔtɔɔnaɖoŋ nɛ mulum pɔ-yɔɔ yɔ. Pɩ̀lakɩ mbʋ’lɛ, sɔɔndʋ wɛɛ tam se kirikiri ɛɛtɛŋ, mulum ñakpaɣ ɖoŋ nɛ halaa ñɛwɛɛ nɩɣza yɔɔ se pɩdaakɛdɩ you ɖaɣnɩ pazʋʋ.  Ellen Johson-Sirleaf (kɔɔnɔɔ halʋ weyi ɛkɛ Liberia ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ yɔ, nɛ ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ kɔɔnɔɔ halʋ weyi ɛtɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ kewiyaɣ Afrika kpeekpe taa yɔ).

“Ɛyaa ɩnɩwa se pɩwɛɛ se pakpaɣ halɩtʋnɛabalɩtʋkɩmaŋtɔm nɛ palabɩna tʋmɩyɛ yoŋ nɩmaŋɖɩɣʋ nɛ i-loluu tɔm taa kɔyɔ, pɩsɩɣna nɛ ɛyaa ñakɩ pana wena se laŋhɛzɩyɛ ɛwɛɛ yaa laŋhɛzɩyɛ ɛkpa ɖoŋ yɔ, ɖɩwɛɛ nɛ ɖɩkpa ɖoŋ ɖɔɖɔ toovenim nɛ ɛyaa sɔɔna yoŋ yɔɔ.” Ajɛya Kɩgbɛndʋʋ Ŋgbɛyɛ
Halɩtʋnɛabalʋpakɩmaŋtɔmkɛna ñɩm mbʋ laŋhɛzɩyɛ nɛ huuu nɩmaʋ taa yɔ

Ɛyaa maɣzɩɣ Halɩtʋnɛabalɩtʋkɩmaŋtɔm ɛzɩ pɩkɛna sɩ̀mtʋweluu yem nɛ halaa ɖeke tɔm pɩkɛnaa. Yee pakapɩzaɣ pewiliɣ takayɩsɩ wenzi sɩyɔɔdʋʋ pʋ-tɔm yɔ sɩ-tɩŋgɛ sɩ-taa nɛ patʋʋzʋʋ ndʋndʋ ɛyaa mawa yɔ kɔyɔ, pɩkalɩzaa pɩwɩlɩ paa anɩ kɛ lɩmaɣza kɩdɩtʋʋza wena ɛyaa wɛna pʋ-tɔm yɔɔ yɔ.

Halɩtʋnɛaabalɩtʋkɩmaŋtɔm kɛna samaɣ taa pɩwɛ wɛtʋ ndʋ nɛ ɛyaa naɣ se ndɩwɛtʋ wɛ ɛyaa hɛkʋ taa: halɩtʋ nɛ abalɩtʋ pɔ-tɔm taa, akelewaa tatalɩ akelewaa ɖɔʋ tɔm taa, maakelewaa nɛ kpaɣŋjɛlɛmwaa tɔm taa, pɩnzɩ tʋʋzʋʋ tɔm taa, ppw. Pɩtɛyɩɣ ɛyaa nɛ kigbeɣliŋ hɛkʋ taa nɛ pɩfaɣsɩɣ ɖoŋdɩnaa nɛ ajamaa pɛ-hɛkʋ taa. Halɩtʋnɛaabalɩtʋkɩmaŋtɔm ñɩnɩɣ se ɛyaa tɩŋgɛ ɛsɛ ikuli nɛ puhuuna pa-tɩŋgɛ, nɛ pɩ-nɩmaʋ taa’lɛ, pakpaɣ samaɣ taa ñɩm nɛ palabɩna tʋmɩyɛ nɛ ɛyʋ paa weyi lɛ ɖenɖe ɛpɩzɩɣ labʋ yɔ, ɛ́la nɛ paa weyi lɛ ɛ-taa wɛɛ leleŋ nɛ pɩsɩna laŋhɛzɩyɛ caɣdam.

Pʋwayɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, paa ɖɩnaɣ se you tʋwa lɛɛlɛɛyɔ pɩnzɩ sɩnɛ sɩ-taa yɔ, ɖiɣɖiɣcaɣʋ nɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ ɖɔkʋʋ pɛkɛnɩ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ Afrika wɩsɩ ɖʋɖʋyɛ taa. Ajɛya wena a-taa yoŋ tulaa yaa pɩkakaza pɛmbɛ se ituli yɔ a-taa kaʋkaɣʋ nɛ tɔmñɔɔzʋʋyɔɔkpaʋnɛtibu, laŋhɛzɩyɛ yɔɔ kandayʋʋ , ɛjaɖɛ ɖaɣnʋʋ maʋ, nɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ ɖoŋkpazʋʋ, pɔɖɔma camɩyɛ ɖɔm mbʋ yɔ,  demokasii nɛ ɛjaɖɛcamɩyɛɖɔkʋʋ pe-lilakamtʋ,  pɩ-tɩŋgɛ mbʋyɔ pʋ-yɔɔ halaa nɛ abalaa wemba paaɖou laŋhɛzɩyɛ tɔm yɔɔ yɔ, pakaŋ ñʋʋ.

“Halɩtʋnɛaabalɩtʋkɩmaŋtɔm” kɛna sɩmtʋweluu kɩkpɛndɩɣ halaa nɛ abalaa pɔ-tɔm kpɛm. Kɛlɛ “halaa nɛ piya pakɩlɩɣna yoŋ siziŋ nɩʋ. Pʋ-yɔɔ lɛ pana wena ɛyaa ñakɩ-yɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ tɔm yɔɔ yɔ, a-kazʋwa lɩɣna pakpaɣkɩɣ halaa tɔm nɛ palakɩna tʋmɩyɛ labɩnaʋ mbʋ laŋhɛzɩyɛ ñɩnʋʋ nɛ ɖi-kpiikuu pɔ-tɔm taa yɔ, pʋ-cɔlɔ”.

Maɣzɩm pʋnɛ pɩlɩna CEDEAO taa kooka weŋga kɔcɔŋna halaa laŋhɛzɩyɛ nɛ ɖiɣɖiɣcaɣʋ yɔɔ (RESPFECO) yɔ, kɔ-cɔlɔ. Kama-tʋ Kediizaɣ ŋga palabɩ-kɛ Abidjan pɩnaɣ 2009 se palɩzɩ pɛ-ŋgbɛyɛ yɔ, ka-tʋma ñɔɔzʋʋtakayaɣ taa. 

Ŋgʋ yee tʋma mandalɩɩpʋyʋwaa ɖeke peyekina halʋ, yee ɛñɩnɩɣ mbʋ se pɩwazɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛ-hɩɖɛ kʋyɩ yɔ, nɔɔ eekiŋ pi-ɖeɖe yɔ, pɩwɩlɩɣ ñɩɩɩ se ɛkaɣ pɩzʋʋ ɛla tɔsʋʋhuuu nɛ samaɣtʋmahuuu pa-tʋma ɛtɛ ɛ-taa. 
Lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩyɔɔ kɛ CEDEAO taa kooka weŋga kɔcɔŋna  halɩtʋnɛaabalɩtʋkɩmaŋtɔm (CCDG) yɔɔ yɔ, kaɖʋ ka-tʋmalabʋcɔɔlʋʋkpata taa  laŋhɛzɩyɛ nɛ ɖiɣɖiɣcaɣʋ pɔ-tɔm. 

Ɖɩnɩɣ pɩ-taa mbʋ piyeba nɛ paɖʋ Kɩlabɩm wɩlʋʋtakayaɣ kanɛ ka-taa wɩlʋʋtindimiye kiya nɛ ɖɩyɔɔdʋʋ halɩtʋnɛabalɩtʋkɩmaŋtɔm ɖeke tɔm. Mbʋ pɩ-yɔɔ yɔ takayaɣ tɩtɩŋgɛ wazaɣ kɛlɛ se kasɩŋna ɛyaa se palʋ nɛ “laŋhɛzɩyɛ yɔɔ lʋbʋ wɛtʋ nɛ pɩ-ɖɔnɛ pɛwɛɛ ɛyaa calɩm taa”
Han Kewiyaɣ Kɩɖɛzaɣ

Sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ se Han yɔ, e-kewiyaɣ alɩwaatʋ. Ɛmʋ kewiyaɣ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ pɩla pɩnzɩ 206 nɛ pʋcɔ palʋlɩ Yeesu-Krɩstʋ. Ɛtɔɔ kewiyaɣ nɛ pʋkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 220 Yeesu-Krɩstʋ tɛ lʋlʋʋ wayɩ. Sɔsɔ Qin kewiyaɣ wayɩ Ɖajaa Han tɔɔ kewiitu. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se sɔsɔ Qin lɛɣna tɔɔʋ kewiyaɣ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɖajaa Qin tɔɔ kewiyaɣ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 221 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 206 taa nɛ pʋcɔ palʋlɩ ɖa-ñʋʋ yaɖʋ Yeesu-Krɩstʋ. Ɖajaa Han tɔɔ kewiyaɣ wayɩ lɛ, Siini ɛjaɖɛ tɛyɩ kewiisi naadozo taa.

Ɖajaa Liu Bang yebina nɛ Han kewiyaɣ ñɔ. Ɖajaa Liu Bang kɛkɛ you laɖaa ñʋʋdʋ. Ɛ-ñɩma kɛkɛ haɖaa. Ɖajaa Liu Bang kʋyɩ ɖajaa Qin kewiyaɣ yɔɔ nɛ ɛkʋsɩ-ɩ kewiyaɣ kpelaɣ yɔɔ. Han kewiyaɣ alɩwaatʋ taa ɛsɩ awiya nɛɛlɛ nɛ lutozo. Ɖajaa Han kewiitu kɩlɩna leɖuu kewiisi lɛɛsɩ. Ɖajaa Han tɛyɩ e-kewiyaɣ hɔɔlɩŋ naalɛ. Han wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ wɛɛ nɛ Han wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ ñɛwɛɛ. Han wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se wayɩ kiŋ Han. Hɔɔlʋʋ ŋgʋ, kɩ-tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ payaɣ se Chang’an. Payaɣ Han wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ ñɩŋgʋ se ɛsɩndaa Han. Han hɔɔlʋʋ kʋnɛ, kʋkʋ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ yɔ, Luoyang. Han wayɩ hɔɔlʋʋ ñɔ pɩnaɣ 206 nɛ pʋcɔ palʋlɩ ɖa-ñʋʋ yaɖʋ Yeesu-Krɩstʋ. Kɩsɩ tɩnaɣ pɩnaɣ nakʋ ñɩŋa taa Yeesu-Krɩstʋ lʋlʋʋ wayɩ. Piyele Han wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ ñɔñɔ pɩnaɣ 25 pʋcɔ palʋlɩ Yeesu-Krɩstʋ nɛ kɩsɩɩ tɩnaɣ pɩnaɣ 220 ɖa-ñʋʋ yaɖʋ Yeesu-Krɩstʋ lʋlʋʋ wayɩ. Kewiisi naalɛ nzɩ sɩ-hɛkʋ taa lɛ, kewiyaɣ cikpelaɣ nakɛyɛ wɛɛ. Payaɣ kaka se Xin kewiyaɣ. Ɖajaa Wang Mang yebina nɛ kewiyaɣ ŋga kɔñɔ, ɛlɛ, keteleɖi.

Siini ɛjaɖɛ caanaʋ tɔm taa lɛ, Han kewiyaɣ alɩwaatʋ taa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɩlɩ ɖɛʋna ɛsɩndaa. Halɩ paya alɩwaatʋ ndʋ se «Sika pɩnzɩ» (âges d’or). Halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ, samaɣ ŋga kalɩna Han kewiyaɣ taa yɔ, payaɣ pa-tɩ se « Han samaɣ ».