open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Room Krɩstʊ samaɣ Ɛsɔ tɔm

Room Krɩstʊ samaɣ ɛsɔ tɔm, pɩkɛ Krɩstʊ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ nɛ Papa (Room) nɛ episkɔpʊ waa pɛkpɛndʊʊ lɩmaɣza kʊyʊma yɔ. Yee yʊsʊyʊ tɔmʊʊ Katoliki ɛwɩlɩɣ se pɩkɛ Krɩstʊ cejewiye keem nɛ pɩkɛ ɖɔɖɔ cɔɔcɩ naa kpeekpe kɛ Nicée lɩmaɣza taa kɔyɔ, palakɩɣ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ tɔmpiye Room Krɩstʊ samaɣ ɛsɔ tɔm pɩkɛ ɖooo canaʊ kpaɣɖʊ 16 wɛɛ taa tɔm nɛ pɩkɛ tʊkaɣ tɔmʊʊ kɩ nɛ pɩɣyɩyaa cɔɔcɩ naa. 

Ɛyaa mba pa nɛ ɖacaa papa pɛkpɛndʊʊ lɩmaɣza kʊyʊma mba ɖɩyaɣ se Katoliki cejewiye nɛ pɛwɛna sakrɩmɩndʊ ndʊ yɔ, kajalaɣ lɛ Ɛsɔ tɛ lɩm sɔʊʊ paɣtʊ, ɖoŋ kpazʊʊ, Krɩstʊ tomnaɣ, ɖama kpɩtɩnaʊ yaa kpeɣuu tɔm, nesi ɖɔkʊʊ sɔnzɩ, kʊdɔntɩnaa num, nɛ fada naa tɛɛ tɩnaa kpaʊʊ, fada naa kpaʊʊ nɛ episkɔpʊ waa, cɔjɔtʊ tɔm. Katoliki ŋgbɛyɛ pɩzɩɣ ɖɩkɛ pʊtɔma latɛŋ ñɩnɖɛ yaa wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ Katoliki aŋgba, kɛlɛ sakɩyɛ kɛ latɛŋ ñɩmba. 

Katoliki cejewiye paɣtʊ taa lɛ, pɔsɔŋ Ɛsɔ tɛ lɩm ŋpɩsa katoliki tʊ, cɔjɔ tɛ pɩlʊʊ takayaɣ 2015 ñɩŋa paɣtʊ taa lɛ, ɛyaa mba pɔsɔ-wɛ lɩm katoliki cejewiye taa yɔ pɛkpɛnda miiliyaari waa 1,254 ɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 2013 kɛlɛ, nɛ ɖɩcɔna kɔyɔ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ ɛyaa mba pɔsɔza pataalɩ ɛyaa miiliiyɔɔ waa 26 yee ɖɩkpaɣ pɩnaɣ 2012 kɔyɔ.  

Yʊsɩyʊ tɔmʊʊ katoliki lɩna krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa καθολικός (katholikos), pʊ-tɔbʊʊ kedeŋga kpeekpe yaa ɛyaa tɩŋa tɛ. Kpaɣ nɛ ɖa-alɩwaatʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-tɛ kajalaɣ kpaɣɖɩŋ taa lɛ tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩpɩsɩ pɩsʊʊ nabʊyʊ ɛyaa ndɩ ndɩ cɔlɔ nɛ paa anɩ lɛ lɩzɩɣ kʊ-tɔbʊʊ ɛzɩ ɛmaɣzʊʊ yɔ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pɩɣyɩyaa cɔɔcɩ naa paɣzɩ lɩɣ yɔ. Peeɖe Antioche Ignace lɩzɩ tɛyɩtʊ Krɩstʊ ɛyaa hɛkɩŋ taa nɛ ɛtɔŋ se ɖenɖe episkɔpʊ wɛɛ yɔ peeɖe cejewiye nɛ ɖenɖe Krɩstʊ wɛɛ yɔ peeɖe ɛyaa kpeekpe wɛɛ (katholikê ekklêsia).
Sinto

Sinto (神道, *shintō*) matʊ taa lɛ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛsɔ naa nɔmɔʊ yaa kɩlɩm nɔmɔʊ) yaa sintoyɩsmɩ, pɩkɛ ɛsɔ sɛtʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩɩwɛ ɖooo Japɔŋ tɔm kɛtɩdʊ taa yɔ, nɛ pɩkɛ ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ. Kɛlɛ panaɣ ɖɩ-taa kɛ ɛsɔ naa sakɩyɛ nɛ mba pɛtɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛsɔ sɛtʊ tɛ ɛyaa yɔ. Tɔmpiye shintō, sino-japɔŋ yaa kami no michi kalɩtʊ taa lɩwa se pɩsa nɛ paɖʊ tʊkaɣ ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ kɩbɩnɖɛ nɖɩ nɛ puda ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-ɖɩ lɩna Siini nɛ ɖɩkɔɔ Japɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ kpaɣɖʊ 6 alɩwaatʊ. Ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ sɔnɔ papɩzɩ pakalɩ-wɛ patalɩ ɛyaa miiliiyɔɔ waa mɩnʊʊ mbʊ yɔ Japɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ. 

Paasɩŋ ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩpaɣzɩna alɩwaatʊ ndʊ yɔ. Pekpekiɣ se pʊwɛ ɛzɩ papazɩ-ɖɩ kpaɣ  Jōmon, nɛ koshintō tɛmtʊ alɩwaatʊ taa. Wɛɛ wena a-taa Japɔŋ ɛyaa kaatiba Azii nɛ Hɛkʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ taa, nɔɔnɔɔ paa cejewiye nɖɩ nɛ egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ nɛ ɖɩ-ɛsɔ nɛ ɖɩ-sɔnzɩ nɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ lɛɛɖɛ pɔ-sɔnzɩ. 

Ɖooo lɔŋ hoohoo, Japɔŋ ɛyaa lawaɣ kɩlaŋ Kami waa, pɩkɛ feziŋ wiye ɛɛwɛ lona naayɛ taa koŋ, nɛ ɛwɛna helim tɛ ɖoŋ lɩm pɔsɩ nɛ pʊŋ yɔ. Paa alɩwaatʊ ndʊ patʊlʊʊ haɖaa tɛtʊ kɩfatʊ yɔ lɛ, paɖʊ nɔmɔʊ kɩfalʊʊ nakʊyʊ nɛ kiwoki peeɖe se pɩsa nɛ feziŋ ɛnʊ ɛkandɩ nɛ ehuuzi ɛyaa mba pɔ-yɔɔ. Mbʊ lɛ papɩzɩ pana Kami tɛ ɛyaa paa Japɔŋ hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ lɛ kɩ-taa nɛ lone naɖɩyɛ taafɛyɩ se ɖɩfɛyɩ po-ɖoŋ taa. 

Pɛlɛza paɣtʊ takayaɣ pɩnaɣ 1868 Meiji wɛɛ taa mbʊ lɛ, shinto ɛsɔ sɛtʊ pɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa kpeekpe ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ Japɔŋ Ampiiri taa. Kpaɣ nɛ pɩnaɣ 1872 alɩwaatʊ pasɩ shinto kɩlaʊ nakʊyʊ kiɖe (Jingikan) se pɩsa nɛ paɖʊ sɔnzɩ paɣtʊ nɛ fada naa mba palaɣ kɩlaŋ yɔ pɩsɩ kewiyaɣ taa tʊma patɩŋa.
Sɩkɩsmɩ

Sɩkɩsmɩ, pɩkɛ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsɩma Ɛsɔ kʊyʊm koŋ, patʊlɩ-ɖɩ nɛ Ɛndɩ nɛ hayi kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ kpaɣɖʊ 15 pɩtɩŋna Gurû Nanak yɔɔ. Tɔmʊʊ ਸਿੱਖ (Sikkh) kɛ Punjabi tɔmpiye ɖɩ-ɖɩ lɩna sanskrit kʊnʊŋ taa mbʊ se शिष्यः (śiṣya) pʊ-tɔbʊʊ tɔm mʊyʊ yaa sukuli pɩɣa sɔsɔ yaa शिक्ष (śikṣa), pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se sukuli yaa kpɛlɛkɩtʊ. Matʊ paɣtʊ taa lɛ pɩpɩsɩ tɔbʊʊ nɩɣʊ taa se ɛsɔ kalɩzaɣ.  

Guru Nnak (1469-1539), ɛnʊ tʊlɩna Sɩkɩsmɩ ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ, palʊla-ɩ Talwandi haɖaa taa, tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ sɔnɔ se Nankana Sahib, pʊñɔtɩna Lahore, nɔɔnɔɔ Pakɩstan tɛtʊ taa. Ɛ-ñɩma kɛ punjabi ɛyaa nɛ palɩna tadɩyɛ laɖaa cejewiye naɖɩyɛ taa kɛnɛ kɛlɛ paya-wɛ se Punjab Khatri waa. Ɖooo Guru Nanak pɩcatʊ taa lɛ, ɛɛsɔɔlɩ ɛsɔ tɔm nɛ ɛwɛna kpɛlɛkɩtʊ tɛ ɛhʊʊyɛ. 

Pɩnzɩ ɖɛ sakɩyɛ ɛ-nɔmɔŋ ɖɔm taa mbʊ Guru Nanak kpeɣli ɛyaa nabayɛ com nɛ pɩpɩsɩ haɖaa tɛtʊ, Kartarpur, pɩkɛ kiɖe tʊ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Ɛkpɛlɛkʊʊ ɛyaa piŋ nɛ pɩɩka-ɩ kaʊʊ kɛlɛ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ sakɩyɛ kɔŋ ɛ-tɔm ɖɩkpɛkɩyɛ taa. Kɛlɛ ɛtɔŋ se Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ pɩkɛ pɩyʊ pikpeɣluu ɛyaa yɔ, kɛlɛ pɩ-taa peeɖe lɛ ɛkɔɔ ɛna se peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ yekina nɛ ɛyaa kʊyʊʊ nɛ ɖama, pɩlakɩ yoŋ, nɛ ɛyaa cɩyʊʊ ɖama, patʊkʊʊ ɖama halaa nɛ abalaa, cejewa, ɛsɔ sɛtʊ aŋgba ndɩ ndɩ lɩɣ, pɩyasɩɣ mɩzasɩ. 

Guru Nanak ha ɛsɛ cejewa wɛtʊ. Kɛlɛ ɛ-tɔm mʊyaa ñatɩŋ-ɩ se ɛɛɛ ɛnʊ kɛna pa-wɩlɩyʊ nɛ ɛkɛ Guru. Pʊcɔ ɛ-sɩm alɩwaatʊ lɛ, ɛwɩlɩ Guru kɩfalʊ nɔɔyʊ, weyi ɛkaɣ-ɩ lɛɛzʊʊ ɛ-sɩm wayi se eɖiyi ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ yɔ. Hiu nɛ kpaagbaa tʊ tɛ guru, ɛlɛ yɔ Guru Gobind Singh (1666-1708) ɛlɛ ñɔsɔzɩ lɩm sɔʊ paɣtʊ Sikh waa tɛ pɩnaɣ 1699.
Voodu

Voodu ɖooo kɩbɩnjaazɩ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, payaɣa se voodu laɣsɩ tɛ, pɩkɛ ɖooo Dahomey ɛjaɖɛ taa Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ (Afrika Wɩsɩ Ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa). Ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ nabʊyʊ taa pisidina hama tɔm cejewaɣ naayɛ taa, ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ Peenɛɛ nɛ Togo ajɛyɛ taa, ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ Loma agɔlɔma kɩyakʊ sɔsɔʊ taa. 

Kpaɣ nɛ kpaɣɖʊ 17 alɩwaatʊ taa, ɛyaa kɩkpɛdaa mba paakpa-wɛ yomaa yɔ, kɩ-tɛ nɛ Afrika ɛjaɖɛ taa mbʊ lɛ kɩyɛlɩ nɛ kɩtalɩ Karayɩbɩ ajɛyɛ taa nɛ Amerika tɛtʊ naa taa. Voodu kpaɣ wɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ  Kuba nɛ Hayiti halɩ ŋtalɩ Presili ajɛyɛ yaa ɖɔɖɔ Etaazuunii nɛ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Louisiane. Kɩyɛlɩ kɩtalɩ Afrika nɛ Hayi kiŋ ajɛyɛ taa, a-taa peeɖe kɩkpaɣ wɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ, kɛlɛ ŋgʊ pakɩlɩ sɩm ŋgʊ yɔ lɛ Gnawa Marɔkɩ ɛjaɖɛ peeɖe lɛ kizitina malɩŋ tɩna payɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ɛyaa mba palakɩ voodu tʊmɩyɛ patalɩ ɛyaa miiliiyɔɔ waa nɩɩnʊwa kedeŋga kpeekpe taa.  

Nesi tɛɛ tʊma wondu kuduyuu nakʊyʊ kaawɛ Essen kɛ Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa (ŋgʊ payaɣ se Soul of Africa Museum) nɛ Strasbourg Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Voodu ñɔɔ pɩlɩna yʊrʊba sɔnzɩ ɛsɔ sɛtʊ nɛ ahʊna ɛyaa tɛ sɩwaa ɖama katɩɣ yɔɔ, kpaɣ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Abomey kewiyaɣ walaɣ kpaɣɖʊ 17 nɛ 18 wɛɛ taa yɔ. Kɩlɩna Taado ɛyaa cɔlɔ Togo ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ Aja (papa lɛ ahɔna ɛyaa mba payaɣ-wɛ se fɔŋ ɛyaa nɛ Goun ɛyaa nɛ ɖɔɖɔ yʊrʊba tɛ mba nɛ ŋgbaɣ mbʊ ŋɖɛɛ, ɖɩcɔna kɔyɔ ɛyaa mba pakɩlɩ ɖɔʊʊ Peenɛɛ nɛ Hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa, Togo nɛ Kaana halɩ ŋkɔɔ ŋtalɩ Niigeriya ɛjaɖɛ taa.  

Papɩzɩɣ pɔtɔ se voodu kɛ ɛsakuliye pɩyʊ, pɩkɛ ñɩm peyebinam, pɩkɛ ɛyʊ yɔɔ maɣzɩm pɩyʊ, nesi tɛɛ laɣsɩ pɩyʊ, patʊ, yɔɔdaɣ nakayɛ, fɛbɩtʊ laɣsɩ pɩyʊ, miiziki soo mabʊ, tɔm hʊtʊ, ɖoŋ pɩyʊ, tɔm ɖɛzɩtʊ nɛ sɔnzɩ pɩyʊ. Pɩlɩna yoma kpaʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ yɔɔ lɛ, tɔmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwalɩɣ ɖɩtalɩ Amerika ajɛyɛ taa nɛ Karayibi lɩm hɛkʊ taa ajɛyɛ taa, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Hayiti.
Keɣa matʊ tɔm

Keɣa matʊ tɔm pɩkɛ matʊ paɣtʊ tɔm ndʊ tɩkɛ ɖooo canaʊ tɔm yɔ nɛ tɩwɛɛ ndɩ ndɩ, nɛ ɖɩcɔna kɔyɔ sakɩyɛ taa lɛ, pama-tʊ cɛnzɩ com com ɛlɛ tɩwɛɛ tobi tobi nɛ panaɣ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ keɣa fɛyɩ yɔɔdaɣ ɖɔɖɔ, pacatɩɣ tɩ-tɔmpee kɩcatʊ nɛ acaɣ leleŋ pɩtɩɩ fɛyɩ (tɔbʊʊ nɩɣ nɛ wiluu) nɛ tɩ-tɛ ɖama taa ɖʊʊ (ɖɔnɛ, keɣa cɛnzɩ maɣzʊʊ nɛ yɔɔdaɣ laɣsɩ). Keɣa tɔm tɔbʊʊ lɩzɩɣ caɣ kaɖɛ nɛ tɩlɛɛzʊʊ paa alɩwaatʊ nɖʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ paa kpaɣɖʊ ŋgʊ lɛ kɩlɩzɩɣ kɩ-tɔm nɛ tɩ-wazaɣ, tɩ-yɔɔ sɔzɩna ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ paa keɣa maɖʊ weyi maɣmaɣ ñɩndʊ.

Tɔmpiye keɣa ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1878 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ pama-ɖɩ se poësie (putula naalɛ wena awɛ e ñʊʊ taa yɔ kaakɛna tʊkaɣ halɩmasɩ o nɛ e pɛ-hɛkʊ taa). Tɔmʊʊ keɣa matʊ tɔm nɛ e-tompee lɛɛna se keɣa maɖʊ, keɣa lɩna krɛkɩ kɩbɩnʊʊ kʊnʊŋ taa ποίησις (poiesis), lakaɣ ποιεῖν (poiein) tɔbʊʊ se labʊ, lubu. Mbʊ lɛ keɣa maɖʊ kɛ luɖu, yɔɔdaɣ lɩzɩyʊ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ paa keɣa maɖʊ weyi lɛ ɛsɔɔlɩ cɩmʊʊ tɔm nɛ tɔmpee ɖɔnɛ.  

Ɖɩcɔna kɔyɔ kɩbɩnjaazɩ keɣsɩ ɖɩma, kɛlɛ pɩkɛ kɩjɛyɩɣ se papazɩ keɣsɩ tɔm cɔlʊʊ paa caanaʊ ɛyaa mba lɛ pɛ-tɛ (krɛkɩ Egipiti nɛ Ɛndɩ ŋgbaɣ mbʊ nɖɛɛ). Panaɣ se yɔɔdɩtʊ kʊyʊm ndʊ, ɛzɩ Afrika keɣsɩ maɖaa lɩna keɣsɩ tɔm tɛ.
Maɣzɩm takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ

Maɣzɩm takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ pɩkɛ takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ ŋga pama-kɛ yɔ, pasɩma-kɛ nɛ mbʊ yɔ se pɛkɛtɩɣ ka-taa tɔm kɩkɛdʊ nɛ ɛyʊ ñʊʊ taa maɣzɩtʊ tɔm tɛ. Ñʊʊ taa maɣzɩm tɔm ndʊ kɩmamatʊ ndʊ tɩpɩsɩ mbʊ ɖɩyaɣ maɣzɩm takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ.  

Sakɩyɛ taa ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩtɔ se maɣzɩm taa takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ ŋga ka-taa tɔm kɛ kɩkɛtʊ nɛ tɩwɛɛ ndɩ ndɩ, kɛlɛ tɩɖaɣla, ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ pama-tʊ keɣa fɛyɩ matʊ, nɛ pɩkɛ wɛɛ kʊyʊma tɔm ndʊ papɩzɩɣ pɔtɔ tɩkɛ kulubutu yɔ, yee paa mayʊ ɛñɩnɩɣ tovonum keeke kɔyɔ, mbʊ tɩna tʊkaɣ ɛ nɛ tɔm kɩkɛtɩtʊ (ɛyʊ yɔɔ tɔm maʊʊ, tɩ yɔɔ tɔm maʊʊ, aseɣɖe tɔm nɛ ŋgbaɣ mbʊ ŋɖɛɛ) nɛ ɖɔɖɔ mʊɖɛ ndʊ tʊtʊ ñakɩlɩ ɖeu kpem yɔ.  

Takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ (canaʊ taa pɩɩkɛ Romanus (latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ Roma tɛ romanice (latɛŋ cikpeluu taa lɛ) romanz yaa romans Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa). Pataka sakɩyɛ sakɩyɛ se pana tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-kiɖe. Pɔcɔna piŋ kɔyɔ tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ kiɖe tɛɛ lɛ pɩɩkɛ kʊnʊŋ nakʊyʊ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdaɣ-kʊ ɖooo Hɛkʊ taa alɩwaatʊ yɔ, Room kʊnʊŋ, pɔyɔɔdaɣ-kʊ Fransɩɩ nɛ hayɩ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa, ɛɛɛ kʊnʊŋ, kɩwakaɣ ɔkɩ kʊnʊŋ kʊkʊ pɔyɔɔdaɣ Fransɩɩ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩñɔʊʊ yɔ pɩlɩna ɛzɩma latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ kaawɛ kiwoki woɖe yɔɔ kɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ.    

Hɛkʊ Alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, palakaɣ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ lɛ pɩɩkɛ takayasɩ kɩmamasɩ hɔɔlʊʊ yeke ŋgʊ ɛyaa yɔɔdɩtʊ taa Room kʊnʊŋ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ. Latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ wɛʊ yɔ ɛyaa ŋñɩɩ yem sɩmna-kʊ nɛ pa-taa peeɖe ŋcɔna kɔyɔ pɛkɛ cɔɔcɩ tɩnaa nɛ ɛyaa mansɩma lɔŋ waa nɛ pɩpɔzɩ se pɔyɔkɩ tɩ-taa nɛ Rome kʊnʊŋ taa nɛ pɩsa nɛ ɛyaa kpeekpe pɩzɩɣ pakalʊʊ.
Sayɩnɩsmɩ

Sayɩnɩsmɩ (Jaïnisme) yaa sɩnɩsmɩ (Jinisme) (sanskrit kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, जैनमतम्, IAST : jainamatam ɛlɩna Jina tɛ, nɛ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se waɖʊ nɛ mata pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se lɩmaɣzɩyɛ, pɩkɛ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ, ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ pʊwɛ ɛzɩ ɖɩñɔʊʊ kpaɣ kpaɣɖʊ 10 alɩwaatʊ yaa 9 alɩwaatʊ pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesu Krɩstʊ yɔ. Ŋgbɛyɛ papɩzɩɣ pakalɩɣ ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa pɩtalɩ miliiyɔɔ naa hiu mbʊ yɔ kedeŋa kpeekpe taa, mʊyaa nɛ mantamʊta waa pisida yem, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa (Erɔpʊ taa lɛ patalɩ ɛyaa 30000 nɛ 100000 ñɛwɛɛ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa).

Ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛ ɛyaa lɩmaɣzɩyɛ kuɖum wɛ ɛzɩ Ɛndʊyɩsmɩ ŋgbɛyɛ tɩnaa ɖɔɖɔ yaa pudaa ɛyaa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ nɛ sɩkɩsmɩ tɛ mba yɔ, kɛlɛ se ɛyʊ weyi ɛmʊwa nɛ etisi yɔ pʊwɛ se eyele e-ciyam nɛ kɩhɛzɩ ɛtaawɛɛ fɛyɛɛ nɛ lɛlʊ tɛ wobu mbʊ payaa se moksha yaa nirvana. Palɩmaɣza taa lɛ ɖɩnɩɣ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ ɛyʊ wokʊʊ lɛlʊ tɛ pɩkɛ fɛyɛ tɔm mbʊ lɛ pʊwɛɛ se ɛyʊ ɛpazɩ ɛlɩzɩ ɛ-lɩmaɣzɩyɛ taa yɛlʊʊ nɛ lɛlʊ tɛ wobitu tɔm, mbʊ payaa se samsara, pɩlɩna ɛyʊ tɛ kɩbaɣzɩm cɔlɔ nɛ pɩ-taa kɛlɛ kakalaɣ taa ndʊ tɩtamsɩɣ tɩ-tɩ nɛ lɛɛtʊ yɔ lɛ, paale you ɛtaawɛɛ ndʊ payaa se ahimsâ, ñʊʊ taa maɣzʊʊ nɛ nɔɔ hɔkʊʊ kɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛyaa mba pɛ-tɛ paɣtʊ.   

Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɔm ɖɩyɔɔdʊʊ yɔ paɣza kpaɣ kpaɣɖʊ 10 kɛ Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɛlɛ pʊcɔ ɖa-alɩwaatʊ tʊ nɛ yɔ, tɩ-nɔɔ ɖɛyʊ kʊyɔ wɩlɩyʊ Rishabhanatha patasɩ-ɩ yaʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ Adinâtha pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se kajalaɣ wɩlɩyʊ. Ɛŋ-ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkpa ɖoŋ kpaɣ kpaɣɖʊ 6 alɩwaatʊ taa pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesu Krɩstʊ pɩtɩŋna Mahâvîra, kpaagbaa tʊ Tirthankara. 

Wɩlɩyaa lalaa mba pɛ-ɛsɛ cɛba ɖɔɖɔ nɛ paaɖɔŋaɣ paɣtʊ yɔɔ, ɖɔɖɔ nabayɛ kaakɛʊ Ɛndɩ sɩɣwaa kaawɛ ɛyaa mba pa-naalɛ hɛkʊ taa mba yɔ Ajita, Sambhava, Abhinandana,Sumati, Padmaprabha, Suparshava,Candraprabha,Suvidhi, Shhitala,Shreyamsa,Vasupujya,Vimala,Ananta, Dharma, Shanti, Kunthu, Ara, Malli, Munisuvrata, Nami, Nemi,Parshava.
Tesorusi

Tesorusi, kɛtɩyaa tɛ tesorusi yaa tesorusi takayaɣ, pɩkɛ pɩlʊʊ takayaɣ yaa cɔlɩyɛ takayaɣ ŋga ka-taa wɛ tɔm kɩcɔlɩtʊ (kɛtɩyʊ yaa tʊzɩyʊ nɛ maacɛtʊʊ yaa kɛtʊʊ fɛyɩ) pɩwɩlɩɣ hɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊ yaa tʊmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ tɩlɩyɛ tɔm. Pɩkɛ kɛdʊʊ yaa pɩlɩyɛ takayaɣ ɛzɩ tɔm kpou taa tɔmpee caʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ ka-taa ñɩnɩɣ fɛyɩ kaɖɛ nɛ pakɩlʊʊ-kɛ tʊmɩyɛ labɩnaʊ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ taɣtʊ tʊma taa, ñɩɣyɩŋ yɔɔ. 

Tesorusi takayasɩ nzɩ kɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ pɩlʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ takayasɩ tɛ takayasɩ nasɩyɛ siŋ. Tɔmɩŋ (ɛzɩ ɖɩkpaɣ lɔɔɖɩyɛ, mɛlɛ ŋgbaɣ ŋɖɛɛ mbʊ yɔ) tamsa ɖama pɩlɩna ɛzɩma ɛlɩ ɖama (ɛkɛ tɔmɩŋ kʊyʊmɩŋ) kpaɖʊʊ yɔɔ kpaɖʊʊ yɔɔ (ɖama tɛ tɔmɩŋ nɛ keekee tɔmɩŋ) nɛ kpɛnʊʊ tɔmɩŋ (tɔmɩŋ kɩtamsɩŋ) nɛ paa tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ lɛ, kɩwɛna kɩ-lone yaa kɩɖɩjayɛ.  

Ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ tesorusi ŋgʊ kɩtamsɩɣ tɔɔnaɣ kpaɣʊʊ nɛ haɖaʊ, kpɔnɔ mʊlʊm piye, nɛ Fransɩɩ Erɔpʊ taa, yeki nɛ patakɩ nɛ tɔm pɔzɩtʊ pɩcɛlɩna kpɔnɔ mʊlʊm piye kpaɣʊʊ hayɩm Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ se pɩsa nɛ pehiɣ pɩlʊʊ tɔm pɩlɩna piye nɖɩ ɖɩ-haɖaʊ yɔɔ Erɔpʊ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Pɩlɩyɛ takayasɩ nzɩ ɖɩyaɣ se tesorusi mbʊ yɔ lakɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ ndʊ paama ɖooo pɩnzɩ 1970 wɛɛ taa yɔ pɩlɩna ISO paɣtʊ yɔɔ nɛ tɩ-taa kpaagbaa kɛlɛ ŋga paasusa kɔ-tɔm pɩnaɣ 2011 yɔ.
Yale sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ

Yale sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ (Ɛnglɩsɩ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, Yale University) pɩkɛ Amerika mɛwɛ mantɩyɔɔ sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ New Haven yɔ Connecticut taa. Patʊlɩ-kʊ pɩnaɣ 1701 Saybrook tɛtʊ taa se pɩsa nɛ pɛkpɛlɛkɩ camɩyɛ ɛyaa mba pacaɣ pɩsɩɣ fada naa yɔ. Yale sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ ŋgʊ ŋgʊ kɛna sukuli ŋgʊ kɩkɩlɩ pɩnʊʊ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa. 

Cɔɔcɩ sukuli kiɖe tɛ lɛ kɩɩwɛ New Haven pɩnaɣ 1716 nɛ pʊwayɩ paɖanɩ-kʊ yaʊʊ se Yale kɔlɛɛzɩ pɩlɩna kʊjɔʊ sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ yɔɔ kɩlɩna Britaniiki tɛtʊ taa komina nɔɔ ɖɛyʊ weyi ɛñɔnaɣ Ɛndɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa tʊma yɔɔ yɔ ɛnʊ yɔ Elihu Yale. Sukuli ŋgʊ lɛ kʊ-tʊma keekee kaakɛ Ɛsɔ wɩlʊʊ, nɛ Ɛsɔ tɔm kʊnʊmɩŋ kpɛlɛkʊʊ. Yale sukuli ñɔʊʊ yɔ pɩlɩna Act for Liberty to Erect a Collegiate School paɣtʊ yɔɔ kɛnɛ (paɣtʊ ndʊ lɛ se papɩzɩ nɛ patʊlɩ katoliki cejewiye sukuli), kɛlɛ Connecticut tɔm hʊyaa kpaŋ tɩsɩ tɩ-yɔɔ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 9 pɩnaɣ 1701 nɛ palɩmaɣzɩyɛ kpeekpe lɛ se papɩzɩɣ nɛ pɛkpɛlɛkɩ ɛyaa mba paapɩzɩ nɛ pɛkɛ Connecticut tɛtʊ ɖɔkɩyaa yɔ. 

Piteleɖi ɖɔɖɔ lɛ Ɛsɔ Tɔm ɛyaa naanʊwa nabɛyɛ mba yɔ Andrew, Thomas Buckingham, Israël Chauncy, Samuel Mather, James Noyes, James Pierpont, Abraham Pierson, Noadiah Russel, Joseph Webb nɛ Timothy Woodbridge, patɩŋɛ payɩ mbʊ paakɛ Harvard sukuli pɩyaa, pekpeɣli ɖama nɛ palakɩ tʊmɩyɛ Samuel Russel tɔm yɔɔ kɛ Branfort Connecticut tɛtʊ taa, se pɩsa nɛ pɛkpɛndɩ lɩmaɣza kʊyʊma nɛ takayasɩ kʊyʊmasɩ nɛ paawɛna takayasɩ kɩkalasɩ kuduyuu kʊyʊmʊ.
Tao ŋgbɛyɛ tɩnaa lɩmaɣzɩyɛ

Tao ŋgbɛyɛ tɩnaa lɩmaɣzɩyɛ (Siini kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ,  道教, pinyin kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ dàojiào, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ nɔmɔʊ wɩlʊʊ, pɩkɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa paɣtʊ sɔsɔtʊ naatozo taa paɣtʊ lɛɛtʊ tɩ nɛ Confucius nɛ Pudaa, patɩŋa keŋkeŋ pɔɖɔŋ Tao lɩmaɣzɩyɛ yɔɔ kɛnɛ.
 
Tɔmpiye Tao maɣzɩm kpeɣluu takayasɩ sakɩyɛ, tɑkayasɩ mayaa, ɛsɔ yɔɔ tisitu nɩ ndɩ nɛ laɣsɩ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ halɩ ɖɔɖɔ kɩbɩnjaazɩ wɛtʊ naa sakɩyɛ ndʊ tɩha ɖama nɛ ɛsɛ lɛlʊ nɛ lɛlʊ yɔ, pɛkɛdʊʊ kɔyɔ pɩtalɩ pɩnzɩ 2500 mbʊ yɔ. Tao waa liɖe lɩna Han waa kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ tɛ (pɩnzɩ -206 ŋtalɩ 220).

Sima Qian (pɩnzɩ -145 ŋtalɩ -86) ɛkɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ tɔm kɛtɩtʊ caa. Ɛñɩnaɣ ɛɖanɩ maʊ ɛyʊ yɔɔ tɔm pɩcɛlɩna ɛyaa mba pama pɔ-yɔɔ kpeuu yaa cɛtɩm tɔm yaa tovonum tɔm ɖooo wɛɛ kɩbɩna taa nɛ, pa-taa kɛlɛ ɖooo awiyaa sɔsɔna tɔm, kɛlɛ pɩkɛ tʊmɩyɛ piŋ kɛ nɔmɔʊ sukuli ŋgʊ kɩ-taa ɛyaa kiɖeɖema  (Zhuangzi, Laozi).

Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1934 lɛ Marcel Granet ma se ɛna nɛ ɛtɩlɩ Siini maɣzɩm, pana aseɣɖe tɔm kɩbandʊ, kɛlɛ patapɩzɩɣ se pama tɔm kɩkɛtɩtʊ pɩlɩna ɛyʊ yɔɔ maɣzɩm tɔm yɔɔ ɛzɩ ɖɔɖɔ pamaʊ ajɛyɛ lɛɛna yɔɔ ɛzɩ Siini yɔ.
Cɔlɩyɛ yaa laɣsɩ tɩnaa ŋgbɛyɛ

John Wesley sɩɣʊ kpeleɣ Wesley Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ kpaŋ nɔnɔɔ taa, ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛlabɩna-kɛ pɩnaɣ 1778 se pɩkɛ ɛ-tɛ kajalaɣ kiɖe Londre tɛtʊ taa. Sɩɣʊ kpelesi tɛ laɣsɩ kuduyuu nakʊyʊ kaawɛ ɛ-tɛ tɛtɛɛ kuduyuu tɛɛ. Pɩkɛ ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩtʊɣʊʊ ɖɩ-tɩ nɛ aŋglɩkan cɔɔcɩ yɔ, cɔlɩyaa lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɩnaa ŋgbɛyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛ pɩɣyɩyaa ŋgbɛyɛ ɖikpeɣluu cɔɔcɩ naa ndɩ ndɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kiŋ, kɛlɛ patɩŋɛ payi mbʊ yɔ pa-maɣzɩm lɩna John Wesley cɔlɔ ɖooo kpaɣɖʊ 18 wɛɛ taa. 
Pɩkɛ cɔɔcɩ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɩnaa mbʊ lɛ, cɔɔlɩyɛ ŋgbɛyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkpaɣzɩ ɖooo kpaɣɖʊ 18 alɩwaatʊ pɩtɩŋna Ɛŋglɩsɩ nayʊ George Whitefield yɔɔ, kɛlɛ John Wesley kaakɛna ŋgbɛyɛ ɖɩ-tʊma yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ, ŋgʊ Ɛnglɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ cɔɔcɩ ŋgʊ paasɩma kʊkʊ yɔ kizi ŋgbɛyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ laɣsɩ kpeekpe.

Ŋgʊ George Whitefield kaawɛ ŋñɩɩ lɛ e-tisim kɛ ɛsɔ yɔɔ kaapaɣla piŋ, nɛ ɛ-tɛ ɛsɔ sɛtʊ tʊmɩyɛ wɛɛ camɩyɛ nɛ pʊmʊna-ɩ. Ɛɖɛɛ ewolo Etaazuunii tɔm susuu nɛ halɩ ɛtamaɣzɩ ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛ-ñʊʊ yabɩtʊ tɔm, papazɩ pɩkɛtɩna-ɩ piŋ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛpɩsanaɣ ɛ-nɔmɔʊ ŋgʊ yɔ, pɩlɩna Mooravi Ɛsɔ tɔm susiyaa mba pɛyɛlɩɣ yɔ tɛ tisuu yɔɔ kɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ helim sɔsɔm nabʊyʊ kaamakaɣ. Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ nɛ Mooravi ɛyaa mba paɩsɩ ɛgbaɣdɩnaa nɛ piseɣti-ɩ kɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 1738 lɛ, piɖiyi-ɩ nɛ ɛkatɩ Ɛsɔ, kɛlɛ ɛpaɣzɩ yɛlʊʊ nɛ kpaŋnʊ ɛjaɖɛ tɩŋɛ taa nɛ esusuu Ɛsɔ Tɔm, ekpeɣluu ɛyaa sakɩyɛ sakɩyɛ awayi nɛ ɛyɔɔdʊʊ nɛ-wɛ, kɛlɛ aŋglɩkan ñɩŋʊ ŋgʊ kɩɩtɛma wɛʊ ɛjaɖɛ taasɔɔlɩ ɛ-tʊma. 

John Wesley kekeŋaɣ ɛyaa cɔlɔ lɔŋ nɛ pɩlɩna pʊyɔɔ nɛ ɛtʊlɩ tʊma sakɩyɛ nɛ sukuli naa sakɩyɛ kʊñɔndɩtʊ ageeta taa nɛ ɛñɔtʊna-wɛ paa ɛzɩmtaa. Ɛkɛ kajalaɣ ɛyaa nɔɔyʊ weyi ɛlʊba nɛ ɛɖaŋ yomtu tɔm yɔ. Cɔɔlɩyaa yaa laɣsɩ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ hɩɖɛ ɖɩ nɛ yɔ ɖɩñɔɔ pɩlɩna mbʊ Wesley kaawɛ Ɛsɔ susiyaa sukuli nakʊyʊ taa, ɖenɖe ɛkpɛlɛka ɛyaa sukuli atɩma laɣsɩ nasɩyɛ nzɩ siyeki se Krɩstʊ cejewiye ehuu nɛ ɛyaa kɩfama tisim kpa ɖoŋ yɔ.
Zarathustra ŋgbɛyɛ

Zarathoustra ŋgbɛyɛ yaa ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ pɩkɛ ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖuluŋguu ɛsɔ kʊyʊm tɛɛ yɔ  kɛ ɖooo Iran kɩbɩnʊʊ taa. Pamazɩ-ɖɩ nɛ mazdɛyɩsmɩ nɛ payaa-ɖɩ hɩɖɛ pɩcɛlɩna ɖɩ-tɛ nayʊ yaa ɖi-kiɖe ɖʊyʊ Zarathoustra yɔɔ, kɛlɛ pama hɩɖɛ nɖɩ nɛ Zoroastre taa pɩtɩŋna krɛkɩ tɛ ɛyaa yɔɔ mbʊ se (Ζωροάστρης, Zōroastrēs).
Lɛɛzɩtʊ ndʊ tɩkɔma Zarathushtra ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ taa maɣzɩm kaakɛ se peɖiyi mazde ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɛ ɛyaa kpeekpe tisi ɛsɔ kʊyʊm yɔɔ ɛnʊ lɛ ɛsɔ Ahura Mazdâ (pehlevi : Ohrmazd), weyi ñʊŋ sɔsɔŋ nɩɩyɛ cɔ-ɩ nɛ pata yɔ. Ahura Mazda yeke kɛnɛ lɩzɩna ɛsɔ nɛ tɛtʊ.

Hɩɖɛ Zoroatre ŋgbɛyɛ lɩna Zoroastre maɣmaɣ hɩɖɛ cɔlɔ, Zarathushtra yaa Zarathoustra (persan taa lɛ ز , رتشت, Zaraϑuštra, avestiki kʊnʊŋ taa, krɛkɩ kɩbvɩnʊʊ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ Ζωροάστρης pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se nayʊ, ɛnʊ ɖʊna ŋgbɛyɛ ɖi-kiɖe. Ɖooo kiɖe tɛɛ lɛ, Zoroastre maɣzɩm taa lɛ, pɛɖɛzaɣ ɖama tɔm ɛzɩ caja kɛdʊʊ pɩɣa tɔm yɔ, ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ lalaa tɛ yɔ. Pʊwayi yɔ matʊ paɣtʊ paɣza ndʊ payaa se Avesta, pama tɔm kiɖeɖetu takayasɩ kpeekpe.Ɛlɛ ɖɩkpaɣ ɖooo kiɖe tɛɛ takayaɣ maɣmaɣ kɔyɔ tɔm kpaagbaa ŋñɩɩ yem pɩzɩna pɩwɛɛ halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ. Takayasɩ sakɩyasɩ sakɩyɛ leba yaa mʊwa alɩwaatʊ Alexandre Sɔsɔ lakaɣ you yɔ nɛ nabʊlɛ ɖeɖe arabɩ kɔma you ɖɔɖɔ lɛ. 

Zoroastre tisa se ɛyʊ sɩm wezuulɛɛkʊ ɖanɩɣ wɛʊ, tɔm hʊnaʊ wɛɛna nɛ kalɩzasɩ, se ɛyʊ weyi lɛ pahʊna-ɩ tɔm ɛzɩ ɛ-kʊwɛkɩm mʊnaʊ yɔ yaa ɛ-camɩyɛ laɣsɩ pɔzʊʊ yɔ. Pɔtɔŋ se fezuu lɩna piyele kalɩzaɣ wɛɛ ɛsɔ nesi tɛɛ. Yee ɛyʊ camɩyɛ lakasɩ ewiza kɩtɛkɛdɛsɩ kɔyɔ pʊtʊ woki ɛsɔ ɖɩɣa taa pɩtɩŋna kondoloko nakʊyʊ yɔɔ kʊ-ñʊʊ taa peeɖe mʊntʊsʊʊ tɛ ɛsɔ ɖaŋɩɣ-ɩ. Piyele pɩkɛ kɩtɛkɛdʊʊ kɔyɔ ɛlɛ ɖɛʊʊ miŋ maatɛŋ maatɛŋ taa. Kɛlɛ patasɩɣ sɔzʊʊ se tovonum lɛ kalɩzasɩ nzɩ sɩwɛ miŋ nɛ pɔhɔŋ sɩ-nagbaŋɩŋ yɔ pʊwayɩ ɛzɩ sɩtɛm labʊ kʊñɔŋ yɔ lɛ sɩwoki ɖɔɖɔ koboyaɣ ɖɩɣa taa.
Luther lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɩŋɩtʊ

Luther lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɩŋɩtʊ, pɩkɛ Ɛsɔ tɔm kpɛlɛkɩtʊ ndʊ tɩñɔ ɛyʊ weyi paya-ɩ se Luther yɔ cɔlɔ, ɛ-lɩmaɣza taa nɛ ɛ-takayasɩ maʊʊ taa, ɛɛkɛ Ɛsɔ tɔm kpɛlɛkɩyʊ nɛ ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ macɔ kɛ Caama pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛkɛ Caama ɛjaɖɛ tʊ nɛ paya-ɩ Martin Luther, kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1517. Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-tɛ maɣzɩm pʊtɔyɩ nɛ pʊñɔzɩ sakɩyɛ pɩɣyɩyaa tɛ ɛsɔ tɔm kpɛlɛkɩtʊ nɛ pɩɣyɩyaa tɛ cɔɔcɩ naa kpaɣ kpaɣɖʊ 16 alɩwaatʊ taa. 

Luther ɛsɔ tɔm kpɛlɛkɩtʊ pɩsɩ pɩɣyɩyaa kpeekpe tɛ lɛɛzɩtʊ pɩyʊ. Paya mbʊ se pɩɣyʊʊ tɛ cɔɔcɩ yɔ pɩkɛ Luther piliŋa nakayɛ kɛlɛ mbʊ yɔ, kɛlɛ pɩkɛ ɖɔɖɔ Krɩstʊ tɩnaa. Kpaɣ kpaɣɖʊ 16 alɩwaatʊ ndʊ lɛ katoliki cejewiye yɔkɩ ɖɩ-paɣtʊ ɖoŋ ndʊ. Laɣsɩ nzɩ John Wyclif (pɩnzɩ 1320 ŋtalɩ 1384) nɛ Jan Hus (pɩnzɩ 1369 ŋtalɩ 1415 kaatɛma pʊ-tɔm yɔɔdʊʊ nɛ pawɩlɩ mbʊ pɩkaɣ kɛʊʊ yɔ. Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1517 lɛ Martin Luther, ɛsɔ tɔm kpɛlɛkɩyʊ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ maacɔ weyi Augustin kaakpa cɔjɔtʊ yɔ kʊyɩ nɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ.  

Luther ɛha ɛsɛ nɛ katoliki kɔyɔ pɩtɛkɛ pɩyʊ yɔɔ yem kɛna katoliki cejewiye kɩla yɔɔyʊʊ paɣtʊ sakɩyɛ pɩlɩna ɛsɔ tɔm kpɛlɛkʊʊ yɔɔ. Wittenberg hɔɔlʊʊ wɩlɩtʊ nakʊyʊ tɩna pɩɣyɩyaa lɛɛzɩtʊ tɔm ñɔ. Kɛlɛ pʊtʊnaa mba peyeba nɛ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩñɔ, lɩna ɛzɩma ɛyʊ ɛnɩ ɛsɔ tɔm tɔbʊʊ se ñʊʊ yabɩtʊ tɔm pɩcɛlɩna e-tisuu yɔɔ yɔ. Kɛlɛ Luther ñɩkɩɣ niiye tɩ-yɔɔ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛɖanɩɣ kalʊʊ Roma mba takayaɣ ŋga kɛkɛ apostolo Paul ñɩŋa yɔ yɔɔ. 

Pɩkɔma mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 15 pɩnaɣ 1520 lɛ, pekizina-ɩ se paatasɩ-ɩ Krɩstʊ tomnaɣ haʊʊ pɩlɩna ɛ-takayasɩ kɩmamasɩ yɔɔ. Pɔñɔtɩ ɛ-takayasɩ sakɩyɛ miŋ. Awiyaa sɔsaa piyaa sakɩyɛ tisi lɛɛzɩtʊ ndʊ tɩ-yɔɔ kɛ Caama nɛ hayi kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ. Pɩlɩna Cujus regio, ejus religio paɣtʊ yɔɔ lɛ, Ampiiri ageeta naayɛ taa ɛyaa pɩsɩ pɩɣyɩyaa tɛ ɛyaa.
Pɩɣyɩyaa lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɩnaa

Pɩɣyɩyaa lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɩnaa, pɩkɛ Krɩstʊ piliŋa nakayɛ ka nɛ katoliki lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɩnaa nɛ siuu siuu  samaɣ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɩnaa. Walaa nɩɣ taa yaa ɛyaa sakɩyɛ nɩɣ taa lɛ, pɩkɛ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ mba pɛkɛ lɛɛzɩyaa nɛ pekiziɣ papa kewiyitu tɔm yɔ. 

Lɛɛzɩtʊ lɩna ɛzɩma katoliki cejewiye lɩza paɣtʊ naa kɩfatʊ kpaɣ hɛkʊ taa alɩwaatʊ (ŋgʊ ɖɩcɔna kɔyɔ Rome paɣtʊ ndʊ tɩlɩna pɩlɩna kedizaɣ hiŋ naatozo ŋga lɩmaɣza tɛ). Lɛɛzɩtʊ lɩɩ pɩtɩŋna Ɛsɔ tɔm kpɛlɛkɩtʊ ɛyaa nabayɛ yɔɔ ɛzɩ Martin Luther, Ulrich Zwingli, Jean Calvin, Sébastien Castellion, nɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ cɔlɔ. Pierre Valdo, John Wyclif, Jan Hus, Lefèvre Etaples tʊ, ɛyaa mba pawɩlɩna lɛɛzɩtʊ tɔm.
 
Patɩla pɩɣyɩyaa lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɩnaa pa-tʊmɩyɛ pazɩyɛ alɩwaatʊ nɛ pawɩlɩɣ se tɩkpaɣ nɛ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 31 pɩnaɣ 1517, Caama maacɔ Augustin nɛ ɖɔkɔtɔ Ɛsɔ Tɔm kpɛlɛkɩyʊ Martin Luther susi lɩmaɣza tɔm 95 ndʊ tɩwɩlɩɣ ɛzɩma Room katoliki cejewiye pɛda paɣtʊ yɔ, nɛ pɔtɔŋ yeke koŋ Ɛsɔ Tɔm Takayaɣ tɩna tisuu lɩmaɣza. Saxe Jean Fréderic wɛɛ ɖoŋ tɔm ndʊ tɩ yɔɔ (pɩnzɩ 1503-1554), kɛlɛ Luther ñɔtɩ miŋ Domine paɣtʊ takayaɣ kɛlɛ pɛkpɛdɛsɩ-ɩ halɩ peyebi-ɩ Ɛsɔ tɔɔnaɣ cɛlʊʊ pɩnaɣ 1520. 

Pɩnaɣ 1521 kaakɛna pɩnaɣ ɖoŋ ñɩŋa, kɔlaɣ fenaɣ taa Martin Luther Worms ɛyaa sakɩyɛ ɛsɩndaa, Luther kizi se ɛɛpɩna ɛ-tɩ, se koŋ Ɛsɔ Tɔm Takayaɣ tɛ yeke eluŋuu nɛ ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛ-maɣzɩm lakɩ-ɩ tʊmɩyɛ, pɩtɛkɛ ɛ-kɩkpaɖaa tɔm lakɩna-ɩ tʊmɩyɛ kɛlɛ pekizina-ɩ Ɛsɔ Tɔɔnaɣ.
Kwame Nkrumah

Ɖajaa weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Kwame Nkrumah yɔ, palʋla-ɩ  kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kʋɖʋmʋʋ (21) wiye, pɩnaɣ 1909 taa. Palʋla-ɩ Nkroful tɛtʋ taa  ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛsɩba  kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ lʋbɛ ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1972 taa. Bucarest tɛtʋ taa ɛsɩba.  ɛjaɖɛ taa Bucarest tɛtʋ wɛɛ.

**Ɖajaa Kwame Nkrumah** kɛ politiki laɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ Kanaa ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛɛkɛ Kanaa ɛjaɖɛ taa Minisi waa nɔɔ yɔɔ tʋ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1957 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩnɩ pɩnaɣ 1960 ñɩŋga taa. Pʋwayɩ lɛ Kanaa ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ, kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1960 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩnɩ pɩnaɣ 1966 taa.

Yeesuu ŋgbɛyɛ taa tɩnaa mba payaɣ-wɛ se Yeezuwiti waa yɔ, pɔ-cɔlɔ **Ɖajaa Kwame Nkrumah** calɩ e-sukuli labʋ. Ɛɛkɛ pɩɣa ŋga ka-ñʋʋ taa ɖɔŋ camɩyɛ yɔ. Pʋ-yɔɔ sukulinaa yɔɔ cɔnɩyʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ wona-ɩ Akɩra tɛtʋ taa se ɛtɛzɩ e-sukuli peeɖe. Akɩra tɛtʋ kɛŋna Kanaa ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ.

Pɩnaɣ 1935 taa ɛtɛma e-sukuli sɔsɔʋ Akɩra tɛtʋ taa nɛ ɛɖɛɛ ewolo  ɛjaɖɛ taa se ɛtasɩ labʋ sukuli kɩkpaɖʋ. Ɛlaba kʋkʋ Lincoln tɛtʋ taa.

Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛlakaɣ e-sukuli ŋgʋ yɔ, ɛɛwɛɛ ɛlakɩ ɖɔɖɔ tʋma cikpena cikpena naayɛ sɛ ɛpɩzɩ ehiɣ piye nɛ ɛcɔna ɛ-tɩ yɔɔ. Ɛ-kʋñɔŋ sukuli labʋ mbʋ pɩ-taa ɛma takayaɣ nakɛyɛ nɛ ɛyaa-kɛ se ‘Kʋñɔŋ pɩnzɩ alɩwaatʋ’.

Pɩnaɣ 1939 ñɩŋga taa ɛtɛma tɔsʋʋ sukuli labʋ nɛ ɛmʋ ka-takayaɣ. Pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa ɖɔɖɔ ɛmʋ samaɣ kpɛlɛkʋʋ lɛɣtʋ tɩlʋʋ takayaɣ.  

Ɛtʋlɩ politiki ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛnʋ kɛŋna ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-ñʋʋdʋ. Ekpeɣla Afrɩka tɛ sukuli piya sɔsɔsɩ nzɩ sɩwɛ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ nɛ sɩkpɛndɩ nɔɔ nɛ sɩɖʋ ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ. Eɖiya ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1942 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩnɩ pɩnaɣ 1945 ñɩŋga taa.

Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm tɛ sukuli piya sɔsɔsɩ ɖʋ politiki ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ɖajaa Kwame Nkrumah wɛ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa. Ɛnʋ lʋbɩna siŋŋ nɛ ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩpɩsɩ Afrɩka tɛtʋ wandamm tɛ sukuli piya nzɩ sɩwɛ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ nzɩ sɩsɩ wɛ Kanadaa ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ sɩ-ŋgbɛyɛ. Ɖajaa Kwame Nkruma kɛkɛŋna ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ ɖʋ-ñʋʋdʋ, kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1942 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩnɩ pɩnaɣ 1945 ñɩŋga taa.
Mohamed Mouammar Kadhafi

Ɖajaa Mohamed Mouammar Kadhafi kɛ Liibii ɛjaɖɛ taa tʋ. Palʋla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1970 ñɩŋga taa. Ɛɛkɛ Liibii ɛjaɖɛ politiki laɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛ-caa payaɣ se Mouammar Kadhafi. Palʋlɩ ɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 1942 taa nɛ ewona sɔsaa mʋlʋm pɩnaɣ 2011 ñɩŋga taa.

Ɖajaa Mohamed Mouammar Kadhafi kɛlɛ kajalaɣ pɩɣa ɛ-caa lʋlʋʋ taa. Ɛ-caa calɩ labʋ nesi ɖɔkʋʋ lɛ, eɖeke ɛlʋlaa. E-ɖoo payaɣ Fatiha al-Nuri. Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ hɔʋ taa ɛ-ɖalaa lɛlaa yɔ, Ɖajaa Mohamed Mouammar Kadhafi laba Liibii ɛjaɖɛ tɛ kewiyaɣ taa tʋma ndɩ ndɩ.

Ɖajaa Mohamed Mouammar Kadhafi laba tamaɣ lɩzʋʋ tɛ sukuli nɛ ɛmʋ ka-takayaɣ pɩnaɣ 2006 ñɩŋga taa. Liverpool tɛtʋ taa ɛlaba e-sukuli sɔsɔʋ ŋgʋ. Ɛ-caa kɛkɛ Liibii ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa lɛ Ɖajaa Mohamed Mouammar Kadhafi kɛkɛŋna Liibii ɛjaɖɛ taa ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩcɔŋna mɛɛsaɣ tɛɛ aseɣɖe tɔm nɛ kaŋgalafunaa ndɩ ndɩ lɩzʋʋ tʋma yɔɔ yɔ ɖɩ-Ñʋʋdʋ.

Ɛɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ kedeŋa kpeekpe ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩcɔŋna aleɣya ndɩ ndɩ yɔɔ yɔ ɖɩ-tʋma yɔɔ cɩnɩyʋ. Ɛkataɣ ɖɔɖɔ ɖoŋɖoŋ kedeŋa kpeekpe pombo mabʋ aleɣya ñʋndɩnaa nɛ ɛ wɛ palɩzɩɣ lɩmaɣza pombo mabʋ nʋmɔʋ taa.

Pa-katʋʋ mbʋ pʋ-nʋmɔʋ taa ɛkɔma ehiɣ tɔm nɛ ɛ-ɖalʋ hɔʋ taa tʋ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛ-ɖalʋ ɛnʋʋ payaɣ se Ɖajaa Saadj. Ɛlɛ kɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ pombo mabʋ ŋgbɛyɛ taa tʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ.
Oxford sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ

Oxford sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ kɛ Britaaniiki tɛtʊ taa sukuli ŋgʊ kɩkɩlɩ pɩnʊʊ yɔɔ. Patʊlɩ pazɩ pazɩ pɩlɩna Henri naalɛ tʊ nɛ episikopu Thomas Becket Kewiyaɣ yoŋ alɩwaatʊ, pɩkɛ kewiyaɣ you ŋgʊ kɩpaɣza pɩnaɣ 1164 nɛ kɩtɛ pɩnaɣ 1170, kɩhɛwa mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pakʊ Becket. Keekee patʊlʊʊ-kʊ yɔ pɩlɩna wiyaʊ Henri lɩmaɣza yɔɔ kɛnɛ se ɛkɔma nɛ ɛcɔŋna lɛ ɖamɩŋ nɩɩyɛ caɣ yem ŋgʊ pɩcaɣ liidiye piŋ, kɛlɛ ɛɖaŋɩ se Ɛnglɩsɩ sukuli piyaa sɔsɔsɩ nzɩ sɩwɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ sɩtaa tasɩ sukuli labʊ peeɖe. 

Sɔnɔ yɔ sukuli sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ panaɣ kɩ-taa peeɖe sukuli piyaa sɩtalɩ 33000, pɛtɛyɩ-wɛ kɔlɛɛzɩ waa 39 taa nɛ Permanent Private Halls waa 5 taa. Pasɩ pa-taa sakɩyɛ keɖeɣa kuduyiŋ tɛɛ Oxford tɛtʊ kɩkpadɩyɩtʊ hɛkʊ taa (ɖɩnaɣ Christ Church, Merton College, Magdalen College, University College, New College). 

Oxford sukuli pɩsa sukuli sɔsɔʊ ɖooo pitihiɣ. Kpaɣna kpaɣɖʊ 13 hɛkʊ taa mbʊ yɔ, Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ piliŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa ɛyaa sakɩyɛ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Dominique mba, Fancis ñmba, Carmelite waa nɛ Augusti waa, kɔɔ Oxford tɛtʊ taa, pala tʊma sakɩyɛ nɛ pa-hɩɖɛ sɛɛ nɛ pama kuduyiŋ sakɩyɛ sukuli piyaa sɔsɔsɩ nzɩ. Kpaɣɖʊ kʊyʊmʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa mɛwɛ mandɩyɔɔ camɩyɛ laɖaa nabɛyɛ tʊlɩ aŋgba naayɛ nɛ paya-yɛ se kɔlɛɛzɩ waa. Ɛyaa mba pa-taa kɔyɔ kajalaɣ ñɩmba pa nɛ yɔ William Durham ñɩnʊ, ɛnʊ tʊlɩna University College pɩnaɣ 1249, Jean Bailleul ñɩnʊ ɛnʊ hana ɛ-hɩɖɛ Balliol kɔlɛɛzɩ.
Yuda mba naŋ

Yuda mba naŋ (krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ Συναγωγή / Sunagôgê, pʊ-tʊbʊʊ se kpeɣluu pʊmʊna hebra mba tɔm בית כנסת (Beit Knesset), pʊ-tɔbʊʊ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ ɖi-kpeɣliye ɖɩɣa) pɩkɛ Yuda ɛyaa lone nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa pɛsɛʊʊ Ɛsɔ yɔ. 

Yuda naŋ taa wɛʊʊ yɔ paa pɩkɩlɩ ɛzɩma yɔ kɩ-taa wɛʊ kɩlaʊ pɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ lone sɔsɔyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa pasɩɣ Tora yɔ, Tora kɛ Ɛsɔ Tɔm takayaɣ sɔsɔ taa kajalaɣ takayasɩ kagbanzɩ, takayasɩ nzɩ payaɣ se Moose takayasɩ. Kuduyiŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-taa wɛʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ kedizasɩ lona. Ɛ-taa wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ kuduyiŋ cikpeŋ. Yuda naŋ kɩ-taa peeɖe pɛkpɛlɛkʊʊ sɔnzɩ paɣtʊ nɛ hebra kʊnʊŋ paa piyaa yaa ɛyaa sɔsa. 

Yuda naŋ pakɩlɩ sɩm sɔnɔ avema taa kɛna Massada ñɩŋʊ, ŋgʊ wabɩna Mer Morte taa, kɛlɛ ɖɩnɩɩ ɖɔɖɔ se kɩbɩŋ nɩɩyɛ wɛɛ ɛzɩ Herodion ñɩŋʊ yɔ, Hérode tɩna-kʊ kɩwɛ ɛzɩ kilomɛta hiu nɛ naalɛ pʊcɔ ŋtalɩ Yerusalem, peeɖe pepima wiyaʊ ɛnʊ, nɛ Gamla ñɩŋʊ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ Golan kɩbɩnjaazɩ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ.
Samora Moisés Machel

Payaɣ Ɖajaa weyi se Samora Moisés Machel yɔ, palʋla-ɩ salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ nakʋ (29) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1933 ñɩŋga taa. Palʋla-ɩ Mozambiki ɛjaɖɛ taa Madragoa tɛtʋ taa. Madragoa tɛtʋ payaɣ sɔnɔ se Chilembene tɛtʋ.

Ɖajaa Samora Moisés Machel wona sɔsaa mʋlʋm aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ nakʋ (19) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1986 ñɩŋga taa. Afrɩka nɛ hadɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛsɩba Mbuzini tɛtʋ taa.

Ɖajaa Samora Moisés Machel kɛ Mozambiki ɛjaɖɛ tɛ politiki laɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛkɛ Mozambiki ɛjaɖɛ taa politiki ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se Frelimo yɔ, ɖɩ-taa tʋ nɔɔyʋ.

Ɖajaa Samora Moisés Machel kɛŋna Mozambiki ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ kajalaɣ tʋ. Eɖiya Mozambiki ɛjaɖɛ, kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1975 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩnɩ pɩnaɣ 1986 ñɩŋga taa. Ɛnʋ lʋbɩna siŋŋ nɛ Mozambiki ɛjaɖɛ lɩɩ ɖi-yomiye taa.

Ɖajaa Samora Moisés Machel kɛ Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ cejewiye kɩpɩɣyɛ taa tʋ. Ɛkɛ Gaza tɛtʋ wiyaʋ pɩyalʋ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛ-caa ɛnʋʋ payaɣ se Shangaan.

Katolika Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ cejewiye sukuli ŋgʋ kɩñɔtɩna-ɩ kpam yɔ, kɩ-taa ɛlaba e-sukuli cikpeluu. Kɩ-taa peeɖe pakʋma-ɩ hɩɖɛ nɛ payaa-ɩ se paɣtʋ kɩɩñamɩyʋ.

You nakʋyʋ kalaba Afrɩka nɛ hadɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ Ɖajaa Samora Moisés Machel ɖalʋ sɩ kɩ-taa. Ɛ-ɖalʋ ɛnʋ ɛcɔŋkaɣna ɛ-yɔɔ sukuli taa. Pʋ-yɔɔ ɛtaapɩzɩ se ɛtasɩ labʋ sukuli. Paa mbʋ yɔ, ɛcɛyɩ ɛ-tɩ nɛ pamʋ-ɩ ɖakʋtanaa tʋmɩyɛ taa Lourenço-Marquès tɛtʋ taa. Peeɖe ɛkɔma ɛpɩsɩ fɛɖʋ.
Julius Kambarage Nyerere

Ɖajaa Julius Kambarage Nyerere, palʋla-ɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ naadozo (13) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1922 taa. Palʋla-ɩ Butiama tɛtʋ taa. Butiama tɛtʋ wɛ Tanzanii ɛjaɖɛ nɛ hayi kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Londres tɛtʋ taa Ɖajaa Julius Kambarage Nyerere sɩba aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ naanza (14) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1999 ñɩŋga taa. Londres tɛtʋ kɛŋna Aŋglɩtɛɛrɩ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ.

Ɖajaa Julius Kambarage Nyerere kɛ politiki laɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ Tanzanii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛlɩna Zanaki samaɣ liɖe taa.

E-politiki labʋ nʋmɔʋ taa ɛkɔma ɛpɩsɩ Tanzanii ɛjaɖɛ Minisi waa nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʋ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1960 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩnɩ pɩnaɣ 1961 taa. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, ɛkɔɔ ɛkɛ Tanzanii ɛjaɖɛ Ñʋʋdʋ kpaɣna aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ nakʋ (29) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1964 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩnɩ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ kagbaanzɩ (5) wiye, pɩnaɣ 1985 taa.

Sɔnɔdaa, Katolika Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ŋgbɛyɛ taa ñɩma ɖɔŋa ñɩnʋʋ se pana se Ɖajaa Julius Kambarage Nyerere kɛ ɛyʋ kiɖeɖeu yaa ɛtɛkɛ-ɩ.

Payaɣ Ɖajaa Julius Kambarage Nyerere caa se Burito Nyerere. Ɛlɛ kɛ Zanaki liɖe taa ñɩma tɛ wiyaʋ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛ-caa kpaɣ halaa sakɩyɛ. Payaɣ ɛ-caa ɛnʋ ɛ-pɩɣa lɛɛka se Julius Mugaya.

Aŋglɩtɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ kakpacɛyɩna Tanzanii ɛjaɖɛ. Aŋglɩtɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ñɩma sɔɔlɩ kpem se powona piya tɩŋa sukuli. Sukuli wɩlʋʋ nʋmɔʋ taa lɛ, Ɖajaa Julius Kambarage Nyerere sɩma pɩ-tɛ lɛɣtʋ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ.
Haile Selassie

Tafari Makonnen, Ɖajaa ɛnɛ, palʋla-ɩ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɩɩlɛ nɛ naadozo (23) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1892 taa. Palʋla-ɩ Ejersa Goro tɛtʋ taa Etiyopii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛsɩba kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɩɩlɛ nɛ lʋbɛ (27) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1975 taa Addis-Abeba tɛtʋ taa Etiyopii ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe.

Ɛɛkɛ Etiyopii ɛjaɖɛ wiyaʋ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1930 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩnɩ pɩnaɣ 1936 ñɩŋga taa. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, ɛtasɩ kɛʋ ɖi-wiyaʋ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1941 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩnɩ pɩnaɣ 1974 ñɩŋga taa. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛɛkɛ wiyaʋ yɔ, payawaɣ-ɩ se Haïlé Sélassié.

Mba payaɣ-wɛ se ‘rastas’ waa yɔ, pa-taa sakɩyɛ tɔŋ se wiyaʋ Haïlé Sélassié kɛ Tɛtʋ kpeekpe yɔɔ cɩnɛ wiyaʋ. Halɩ pakpaɣ-ɩ se ɛkɛ Mɛɛsii, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se weyi Ɛsɔ lɩzaa nɛ etiyi-i ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-yɔɔ yɔ.

Wiyaʋ Haïlé Sélassié kajalaɣ tʋ ɖiyaɣ Etiyopii lɛ, Italii ɛjaɖɛ tapɩzɩ ɖɩkpacɛyɩ-ɖɩ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1935 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩnɩ pɩnaɣ 1941 ñɩŋga taa.

Wiyaʋ Tafari Makonnen pɩjatʋ nɛ ɛ-hɔʋ

Palʋla-ɩ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ naadozo ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1892 taa Ejersa Goro tɛtʋ taa Etiyopii ɛjaɖɛ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ ‘Täfäri’ tɔbʋʋ se weyi ɛwɛ ɖoŋ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ yɔ. Piyele ɛ-caa hɩɖɛ ‘Mäkännen’ tɔbʋʋ kɛlɛ se ‘takayaɣ mayʋ sɔsɔ’.

 

Ɛlɛɣzɩ hɩɖɛ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛtɔɔ Etiyopii ɛjaɖɛ kewiitu yɔ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ naadozo (3) ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1930 ñɩŋga taa.  

 

Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ lɛ, ɛsɛ hɩɖɛ se Lidj Tafari nɛ piyele payaa ɛ-caa se ras Makonnen. Ɛ-caa kɛŋna Hararghé tɛtʋ wiyaʋ. Payaɣ e-ɖoo se Woyzero Yeshimebet Ali Abba Jifar. E-ɖoo sɩbana kahʋyaɣ sɔsaɣ lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ naanza ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1894 taa. E-ɖoo sɩba lɛ, ɛtatɩɩtalɩda pɩnzɩ naalɛ.

 

Ɛ-caa ñasɩba lɛ, ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ hiu nɛ naanza (14). Ɛlɛ sɩba lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kʋɖʋmʋʋ ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1906 taa. Wiyaʋ Menelik II kekpiikina ɛ-caa ɛnʋ kpam nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ ɛ-kpaakpaa kɩyakʋ wiye.
Idahoo

Idahoo kɛna Etaazunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetʊ natʊyʊ. Nɛ Etazuunii ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ ajɛya cikpena naayɛ nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna nɛ aɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ awɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa kpaɩ. Etaazunii tɔbʊʊ nɛ kabɩyɛ taa se ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊʊ. 

Idahoo taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Puwazii nɛ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ.

Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩcɔ Arakanzaa nɛ tɩta yɔ tɩkpɛnda looɖo nɛ ndʊ yɔ: Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, Wasiŋtɔŋ nɛ Oreegɔnɩ, hadɛ kiŋ lɛ, Nevadaa nɛ Utaa, wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Montanaa nɛ Wayiyoomiŋ.

Pamaza Idahoo ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 216 499 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe ɖɔɔ nɛ pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 2 133 km2 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 0,98 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se ɖenɖe tɛtʊ ñabɩ ñɛwɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe maɣna ɛzɩ 214 499 km2 yɔ. Etaazunii ajɛya kpeekpe taa lɛ, Idahoo kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɛ 14 nɖɛ kɛ walanaɩ taa yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 43 ñɩnɖɛ nɖɩ nɖɩ ɖɩsʊ Etaazunii ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩɩkɛ ɛvalaa fenaɣ naatozo wiye pɩnaɣ 1890. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ paana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 1 567 582 yɔ. 

Peeɖe pʊŋ kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ taa maɣna ɛzɩ mɛtanaa 1 524 yɔ nɛ pamaaza pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkɩla kʊyʊʊ yɔ lɛ pɩkpɛnda mɛtanaa 3 859 nɛ ŋgʊ lɛ Poraa. Piyele pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkɩla ñɩɩ yɔ, kʊkʊ kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ taa ñamaɣna mɛtanaa 216.

Payaɣ Idahoo ɛjaɖɛ cikpeɖe ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ se: David Ige (D) nɛ ɛ-tɛ komina yɔɔ cɔnayaa kɛ payaɣ se Brian Schatz (D) nɛ Mazie HHirona (D).

Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-ɩ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ ŋgʊ lɛ aŋgilisi. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Puwaawii nɛ ndʊ ɖɔɖɔ taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ.
Krowelandɩ

Krowelandɩ kɛna Erɔpʊ ilemiye nɛ hayʊ kiŋ taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ. Ɛlɛ siŋŋŋ taa lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛna Amerika ilemiye nɛ hayʊ kiŋ; ɛlɛ politiki yɔɔ lɛ pɛkpɛnda-ɖɩ Erɔpʊ ñɩna yɔɔ pɩkɩlɩna ajɛya wena awɛna Danɩmarkɩ nɛ Nɔɔrvɛzɩ ñɩna hɔɔlʊʊ taa. Ajɛya wena acɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ata yɔ anaa yɔ: wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Islandi nɛ Krowelandɩ teŋgu; wɩsɩ ɖɩdʊyɛ taa lɛ  Kanada nɛ Paafɛɛ teŋgu; hadɛ kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ atilantiki lɩŋgamʊʊ. 

Pamaza Krowelandɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 2 166 086 km2. Ameriki nɛ hayʊ kiŋ taa lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩkɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ naatozo ñɩnɖɛ walanzɩ taa nɛ nɖɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɖɩkɛŋna kajalaɣ ñɩnɖɛ keteŋga kpeekpe yɔɔ ndɖɩ ɖɩpaŋna ɛsɛ nɛ lɛɛna yɔ. Payaɣ Krowelandɩ  ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ se Marguerith II nɛ ɛ-tɛ komisariya nɩnʊ se Mikaela Engell, piyele komina ñʊʊdʊ payaɣ se Kim kielsen. Peeɖe paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa ñʊʊdʊ payaɣ se Lars Emil Johansen.

Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ krowelandɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Nuuki nɛ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩna walanzɩ ɖɔɖɔ. 
Pɩnaɣ 2018 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 55 877 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa yee pakalɩɣ ɛyaa km2 taa kɔyɔ, panaɣ-wɛ ɛzɩ 0,03 yɔ. Yee ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛyaa nɔɔyʊ kɛ kaŋgalafu yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa kɔyɔ, pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɛma +299 ɛ-tɛ kaŋgalafu kpata yɔɔ pʊcɔ ŋɛ ɛɛma pɩtɛ ɛyʊʊ kaŋgalafu nimaɣ mayaɣ. 

Liidiye nɖɩ pɔtɔkɩ-ɖɩ peeɖe yɔ palɩzɩ ɖɩ-yɔɔ kɛ Taanuwa samtʊ hʊlaɣ.
Andorɩ

Andorɩ kɛna Eeropʊ ilemiye nɛ hadɛ kiŋ taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ. Ajɛya wena acɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ata yɔ anaa yɔ: Ɛsɩpañɩ nɛ Fransɩ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ pirenee pʊŋ hɛkʊi taa nɛ ɖɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ pʊŋ sɔsɔŋ kɩlɩna wɛʊ.

Pamaza Andorɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 468 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe takɩlɩ ɖɔʊ.

Payaɣ Andorɩa ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ weyi ɛmalɩna Episkɔpʊ yɔ  se Joan-Enric Vives i Sicília nɛ weyi ɛlɛ ñɔcɔŋna Fransɩ yɔɔ yɔ, ɛlɛ yɔ Emmanuel Macron nɛ ɛ-tɛ komina yɔɔ cɔnayʊ se Antoni Martí.

Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ Katalaŋ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Andorre-la-Vieille nɛ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩna walanzɩ ɖɔɖɔ.

Pɩnaɣ 2015 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 85 580 yɔ.  Yee ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛyaa nɔɔyʊ kɛ kaŋgalafu yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa kɔyɔ, pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɛma +376 ɛ-tɛ kaŋgalafu kpata yɔɔ pʊcɔ ŋɛ ɛɛma pɩtɛ ɛyʊʊ kaŋgalafu nimaɣ mayaɣ.

Liidiye nɖɩ pɔtɔkɩ-ɖɩ peeɖe yɔ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Eroo.
Butaŋ

Butaŋ kɛna Azii nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛna kidiiliŋ nakʊyʊ. Pʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se imalayaa yɔ, kɩwɛna ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa. Hadɛ kiŋ, wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩoyɛ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ lɛ Ɛndɩ wɛna piyele nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Siini tɛtʊ ñɛwɛna. Ɖooo wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kpataa lɛ, Sikim wɛna ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ Nepalii pɛ-hɛkʊ taa pɩkazɩ nɛ hadɛ taa lɛ Asam tɛyɩna ɖɩnɛ Paŋgladɛsii.

Pamaza Butaŋ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 38 3994 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe takɩlɩ ɖɔʊ.

Kɩyɛna fenaɣ litoozo wiye pɩnaɣ 1949 kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ.

Payaɣ Butaŋ ɛjaɖɛ wiyau kɩfalʊ se Jigm Khesa Namgvel nɛ ɛ-tɛ komina yɔɔ cɔnayʊ se Tsheiring Tobgav.

Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ Jɔŋga. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Timfu nɛ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩna walanzɩ ɖɔɖɔ.

Pɩnaɣ 2017 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 758 288 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa yee pakalɩɣ ɛyaa km2 taa kɔyɔ, panaɣ-wɛ ɛzɩ 60 yɔ. Yee ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛyaa nɔɔyʊ kɛ kaŋgalafu yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa kɔyɔ, pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɛma +975 ɛ-tɛ kaŋgalafu kpata yɔɔ pʊcɔ ŋɛ ɛɛma pɩtɛ ɛyʊʊ kaŋgalafu nimaɣ mayaɣ.
Kabuli

Kabuli tɛtʋ kɛna Afganistanii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ. Kabuli tɛtʋ wɛ Afganistanii ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kiŋ. Pɩnaɣ 2014 taa paakalɩ Kabuli tɛtʋ taa kɛ ɛyaa lɛ, paakpɛnda ɛyaa ɛzɩ 3 543 700 yɔ nɛ yee pakalʊʊ ɛyaa kɛ kilomɛta kʊɖʊmʊʊ yɔɔ kɔyɔ, panaɣ-wɛ ɛzɩ ɛyaa 3 378.  

Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa nɛ haɖaa ndɩ ndɩ, kʊnʊmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɛlɛ mba pakɩlɩ ɖɔʊ yɔ mba lɛ Tajiki nɛ patalɩ ɛzɩ kpaɣ 40 nɛ 45 yɔ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ, pɩtɩŋna Hazarasii mba (25 %), pɩkaza mba yɔ palɩna hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ.

Ɛzɩ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ lɛɛtʊ ɖɔɖɔ, tɛtʋ tʋnɛ tɩ-taa kɛ tɔsʊʊ nɛ ɛsɩndaa wobu kɩlaa, peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ habɛɛ sɔsɔna wena aɖɔ ɖɔɖɔ sakɩyɛ. Peeɖe palakɩ komina kediizasɩ sɔsɔsɩ.

Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, kɩfɛyɩ kpayɩ kpayɩ.
Kowɛtɩ

Kowɛtɩ kɛna Azii ilemiye taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ. Pamaza Kowɛtɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ ɛkɩtaaɖɩnaa 20 000 yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se 200 km2. Payaɣ Kowɛtɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛ komina yɔɔ cɔnayʊ se Al Asimah.

Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se Kowɛtɩ nɛ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩna walanzɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa maɣmaɣ lɛ payaɣ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ yem se Al Diyera. Pɩnaɣ 2008 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 151 060 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa yee pakalɩɣ ɛyaa km2 taa kɔyɔ, panaɣ-wɛ ɛzɩ 755 yɔ.
Teŋgu kɩsɛɛmʊʊ

Teŋgu kɩsɛɛmʊʊ kɛna teŋgʊ kɩwɛ ilema naalɛ hɛkʊ taa yɔ: Afrika teŋgu nɛ Azii ñɩŋgʊ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa. Mba pɔcɔŋna keteŋa nɛ kɔ-yɔɔ ñɩm yɔɔ yɔ, laŋ, lɩm nɛ tɛtɛ wondu yɔɔ yɔ, pamaza teŋgu kɩsɛɛmʊʊ kʊnɛ lɛ, kɩ-walanzɩ taa maɣna ɛzɩ 450 000 km² yɔ. Kɩ-ɖaalakɩŋ taa wɛ ɛzɩ 1 1914 km yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se toboyuu taa ñamaɣna 300 km. Teŋgu kʊnɛ kɩ-tɛ liŋguu taa lɛ pɩmaɣna ɛzɩ mɛtanaa 500 yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe pɩkɩla cukaŋ yɔ, peeɖe pɩzʊʊ pɩtalɩ mɛtanaa ɛzɩ 3 040 yɔ. 

Ajɛya wena acɔ Teŋgu kɩsɛɛmʊ kʊnɛ nɛ ata yɔ anaa yɔ: Egipiti, Suudaŋ, Eriitree, Cibutii, Arabii Sauditii nɛ Yemenii. Teŋg̀u kʊnɛ kʊ-yɔɔ kɛ tadaa laɖaa nɛ keteŋga yɔɔ cɔnɩyaa mba palɩɣna Mediteranee teŋgʊ hɔɔlʊʊ yɔɔ yɔ yaa mba palɩɣna Ɛndɩ Kujomuu taa yɔ se pɩtaaɖʊ-wɛɛ kʊñɔŋ se pɔcɔɔ Afrika ilemiye. 

Ebeya mba cɔlɔ lɛ, Teŋgu kɩsɛɛmʊʊ kʊnɛ payaɣa-kʊ Edom teŋgu, pʊtɔbʊʊ se kɩsɛwa. Mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ Turk mba cɔnaa ɖɔɖɔ. Teŋgʊ kʊnɛ kɩ-hɩɖɛ siŋŋŋ lɩna Latɛŋ takayasɩ mayʊ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Quinte-Curce yɔ ɛ-cɔlɔ. Ɛyɔɔdʊʊ camɩyɛ se wiyao sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se  Erythrus yɔ, ɛnʊ yana-kʊ mbʊ. Ɛyɔɔdɩ mbʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ebreya taa lɛ eriitrɔsɩ tɔbʊʊ se kɩsɛɛmɩm; pɩfɛyɩ se nabayɩ ɛmaɣzɩ se teŋgu kʊnɛ kɩ-taa lɩm sɛwa.
Monakoo

Monakoo  kɛna Erɔpʊ ilemiye nɛ wɩsɩ ɖʊɖʊyɛ taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛna Mediteraanee Teŋgu kʊ-cɔlɔ nɛ Azuurii kidiiliŋ yɔɔ. Monakoo nɛ pɔɔ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ se nisi yɔ puposaa ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa nɛɛlɛe yɔ nɛ kilomɛtanaa 8,1 nɛ Mantonii. Ɛjɛya lɛɛna wena acɔ Monakoo nɛ ata yɔ: Fransɩɩ tɛtʊ cikpetu ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Kap dɛlɩ yɔ, Bosɔlɛyɩ nɛ Turkii. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ teŋgu nakʊyʊ nɔɔ.   

Pamaza Mopnakoo ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 2,02 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe takɩlɩ ɖɔʊ. Kɔlaɣ fenaɣ 8 wiye pɩnaɣ 1297 kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ ɛlɛ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kagbaanzɩ wiye pɩnaɣ 1524 ŋga ka-taa kɛ pɔtɔkɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ kazandʊ. 

Payaɣ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖiwiyau kɩfalʊ se Albert II nɛ ɛ-tɛ komina yɔɔ cɔnayʊ se Serge Telle. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ fransɩ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Monakoo nɛ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩna walanzɩ ɖɔɖɔ. 

Pɩnaɣ 2017 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 37 550 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa yee pakalɩɣ ɛyaa km2 taa kɔyɔ, panaɣ-wɛ ɛzɩ 18 654 yɔ. Yee ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛyaa nɔɔyʊ kɛ kaŋgalafu yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa kɔyɔ, pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɛma +377 ɛ-tɛ kaŋgalafu kpata yɔɔ pʊcɔ ŋɛ ɛɛma pɩtɛ ɛyʊʊ kaŋgalafu nimaɣ mayaɣ.
Reyikzaavikii

**Reyikzaavikii** kɛna Islandii ɛjaɖɛ  taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ kilomɛtanaa ɛzɩ 250 yɔ nɛ tɛtʊ ñʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se arktikii yɔ nɛKrowelandii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ndʊ payaɣ tʊtʊ se Nuukii yɔ kilomɛtanaa cabɩ kɛ hayʊ kiŋ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ Reyikzaavikii tɛtʊ tʊnɛ ndʊ kɩlɩna wɛʊ ɖooo hayʊ kiŋ. 

Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa nɛ tɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ tɩŋ hɛtʊ ñɛwɛ ndɩ ndɩ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ pɩwɛɛ ɖeu nɛ cɔnaʊ kamaɣ fɛyɩ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ keteŋga kpeekpe ajɛyaa kpeekpe taa lɛ, tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ kɛ palɩzaa se tɩ-taa kɛ tɩŋ hatʊ kɩla wɛʊ ɖeu. 

Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1786 taa lɛ, peeɖe ɛyaa kaawɛ ɛzɩ ceeka 302 yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1800 taa ɛyaa kaawɛ ɛzɩ 600 yɔ, pɩnaɣ 2008 taa lɛ pɛwɛɛ ɛzɩ 117 898 yɔ pa-taa lɛ abalaa kpɛnda 58 859 nɛ halaa ñɛwɛɛ 59 039. 

Islandii ɛjaɖɛ tɩŋga taa lɛ, peeɖe ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ nɛ wayɩ nɛ wayɩ kɩgalʊʊ ŋgʊ pakalaa yɔ, pɛwɛ ɛzɩ 200 000 yɔ. Tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa kɛ palakɩ komina keediizasɩ sɔsɔsɩ, ñɩɩtʊ sɔsɔtʊ lʊbʊ; peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ ɛsɩyɛ ekpena nɛ hayɩsʊʊ kɩlɩ wɛʊ pɩnɛ tadɩyɛ nɛ tɔsʊʊ nɛ ɛsɩndaa wobu kɩla wɛʊ.
Tuublɛɛ

Tuublɛɛ tɛtʋ kɛna Iirlandɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ. Tuublɛɛ tɛtʋ wɛ Iirlandɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kiŋ. Pɩnaɣ 2011 taa paakalɩ Tuublɛɛ tɛtʋ taa kɛ ɛyaa lɛ, paakpɛnda ɛyaa ɛzɩ 527 612  yɔ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa yee pakalɩɣ ɛyaa km2 taa kɔyɔ, panaɣ-wɛ ɛzɩ 4 588 yɔ. Pamaza tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ lɛ, pana se tɩ-walanzɩ taa talɩ ɛzɩ ɛkɩtaarɩnaa ɛzɩ 11 499 pʊtɔbʊʊ se kilomɛtanaa ɛzɩ  114,99 km2 yɔ. Tɛtʋ tʋnɛ tɩ-taa nɛ nɛ ñɩm sakɩyɛ nɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ habɛɛ sɔsɔna ɖɔ sakɩyɛ nɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ ɛsɩyɛ egbena, tɔsʊʊ nɛ ɛsa kuliye kɩla wɛʊ. 

Payaɣ Tuublɛɛ maaliki tɛtʋ yɔɔ cɔnɩyʋ se Mícheál Mac Donncha. Palɩza-ɩ pɩnaɣ 2017.
Kalaharii kañɩmbʊsaɣ

Kalaharii kañɩmbʊsaɣ kɛna Afrika ilemiye taa hɔɔlʊʊ sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ. Kalaharii tɔbʊʊ nɛ cɩwanaa taa se: lɔkɔtʊ sɔsɔtʊ yaa ɖenɖe lɩm fɛyɩ kaʊ yɔ. Kañɩmbʊsaɣ kanɛ kɛwɛ Sambɛɛzɩ nɛ Ɔranzɩ pɔsɩ cɔlɔ. Kalaharii kpaɣna ɛzɩ Pɔcɩwanaa yɔ nɛ kawadʊʊ Namibii, Aŋgolaa, Sambii, Simbabwee, Kɔŋgo Kinsasa pʊkɔɔ pɩtalɩ Afrika hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ. 

Pamaɣza kañɩmbʊsaɣ kanɛ ka-walanzɩ ɛlɛ pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 900 000 km2  yɔ. Keteŋga kpeekpe yɔɔ lɛ kañɩmbʊsaɣ kanɛ ka-taa kɛ wɩlɩŋ nɛ kanɩŋga kɩlɩ wɛʊ nɛ pɛtalʊʊ ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa naalɛ nɛ hɔɔlʊʊ mbʊ yɔ. Patɩɩ yaʊ Kalaharii se kañɩmbʊsaɣ yɔ pʊkazɩ talʊʊ pazɩ. Teevenim taa lɛ tɛŋ takilɩ hɔɔlɩŋ ɩnʊ ʊ-taa ɛlɛ tɩŋ nɛ laŋ ɖɔɔ.

Kpaɣna hadɛ nɛ pɩɖɛɣna wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ mbʊ yɔ wɩlɩŋ talʊʊ ɛzɩ 600 000 km2 yɔ. Hayʊ kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ laŋ weyi ɛwɛ peeɖe yɔ ɛca wɩlʊ ɛtɩŋga nɛ tɩŋ weyɩ pakɩlʊ-ɩ naʊ yɔ ɩnʊ lɛ rodezii tamtʊnanaa mba payaɣ-wɛ se akasiyanaa yɔ. Panaɣ ɖɔɖɔ laŋ weyi ɩ-tɛɛ hasɩ kpɩlɩŋgbɩlɩ yɔ nɛ pamaza ɩ-walanzɩ kɔyɔ, pɩtalʊʊ ɛzɩ 300 000 km2yɔ.
Yemenii

Yemenii kɛna Erɔpʊ ilemiye nɛ hadɛ taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ nɛ tɩwɛna Afrika nɛ hayʊ kiŋ. Ajɛya wena acɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ata yɔ anaa yɔ: wɩsɩ ɖɩdʊyɛ taa lɛ teŋgu ŋgʊ payaɣ se pɔɔ kɩsɛɛmaɣ yɔ ŋgʊ tɛyɩna ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ Eritree nɛ Cibuutii; hadɛ kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Omanii yɔ tɩwɛna nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Arabii Saudidii piyele hadɛ yeli lɛ Somalii ɛjaɖɛ wɛna.               

Pamaza ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ lɛ, panaa se ɖɩ-walanzɩ talɩ ɛzɩ 527 968 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ, peeɖe takɩlɩ ɖɔʊ. Agoza fenaɣ 22 wiye pɩnaɣ 1990 kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ. 

Payaɣ Yemenii ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ weyi ɛwɛna Adenii hɔɔlʊ yɔ se Abdrabbo Mansour Hadi nɛ Utii hɔɔlʊ taa-tʊ fɛyɩ nɛ weyi ɛcɔŋna peeɖe yɔ ɛlɛ yɔ Mehdi Hussein al-Machat. Hɔɔlɩŋ ɩnɛ ɩ-tɛ komina yɔɔ cɔnɩyaa kɔyɔ kɔyɔ: Ahmed ben Dagher (Adeni-tʊ) nɛUtii-tʊyɔ Abdel Aziz ben Habtour.

Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ araabii. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Sanaa nɛ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩna walanzɩ ɖɔɖɔ. 

Pɩnaɣ 2017 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 28 038 829 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa yee pakalɩɣ ɛyaa km2 taa kɔyɔ, panaɣ-wɛ ɛzɩ 53 yɔ.

Yee ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛyaa nɔɔyʊ kɛ kaŋgalafu yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa kɔyɔ, pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩjɛyʊʊ se ɛma +967 ɛ-tɛ kaŋgalafu kpata yɔɔ pʊcɔ ŋɛ ɛɛma pɩtɛ ɛyʊʊ kaŋgalafu nimaɣ mayaɣ. Liidiye nɖɩ pɔtɔkɩ-ɖɩ peeɖe yɔ payaɣ-ɖɩ se riyal yeeniti.
Skandinavii

Skandinavii kɛna Erɔpʊ ilemiye nɛ hayʊ kiŋ taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ. Ajɛya naatozo kpɛndɩna nɛ payaɣ wadaɣ ŋga se Skandinavii nɛ ajɛya ana yɔ: Tanɩmarkɩ, Nɔrvɛɛzɩ nɛ Suyɛdɩ.  

Piyiiduu nabɛyɛ nɛ payaɣ Erɔpʊ ilemiye nɛ hayʊ kiŋ ajɛya kpeekpe se Skandinavii ajɛya, ɛlɛ pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɛkpɛndɩɣna ajɛya ɛzɩ: Fɛɛlandɩ, Islandɩ nɛ Krawelandi kɛ mbʊ yɔ.

Kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi weyi pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa yɔ ɩnʊ lɛ: Taanuwa, Nɔrvezɩyɛ nɛ sʊyɛduwa.
Suu

Ñɩtʊ kʊtɔɔʊ yaa ñɩyʊʊ kʊtɔɔʊ yaa Suu kɛna tɩŋ tɔɔnaɣ ŋga pahayʊ-kɛ ka-hatʊ yɔɔ yɔ. Suu kɛna tɩŋ tɔɔnaɣ ŋga pahayʊ-kɛ ka-ñɩtʊ yaa ka-hatʊ yɔɔ yɔ. Ñɩtʊ kʊtɔɔtʊ tʊnɛ payaɣ-tʊ nɛ fransɩ taa se suu yɔ pɩtɛkɛ ñɩtʊ kʊtɔɔtʊ ndʊ tiɖeke kɛ pʊwɛɛ se payaa mbʊ. 

Ñɩyʊ kʊtɔɔʊ kʊnɛ pahayʊʊ-kʊ yɔ kɩ-hatʊ yɔɔ pahayɩɣ-kʊ mbʊ pɔyɔɔ yɔ, pɩkɩlɩ ɛzɩ tɩŋ cɔka kʊtɔɔtʊ lɛɛtʊ yɔ pɩlɩɩna tɩ-taa anaɣm yɔɔ. Ñɩtʊ kʊtɔɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-wɛ camɩyɛ lɛfɩɩɩ nɛ papɩzʊ pɔtɔɔ-tʊ lɛŋ yaa pehili-kʊ ɖozi. Ñɩyʊ kʊtɔɔʊ yaa ñɩtʊ kʊtɔɔtʊ yaa ɖɔɖɔ suu wɛ huwa ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩɩna tɩ-hɛtʊ wɛtʊ yɔɔ yaa tɩ-paɣlɩka yɔɔ.
 
Papɩzʊʊ pɔtɔɔ suu alɩwaaatʊ ndʊ pɛkpɛza-kʊ yɔ yaa papɩzʊʊ pasɩɩ-kʊ nɛ kileɖi cambɩ nɛ pʊcɔ pɔtɔɔ-kʊ. Yee pɩkɛ nikaɣ ŋgbaʊ taa ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛzɩʊ kɔyɔ, pɩwɛɛ se ɛhɔkɩ-ɛ anwa huyuu taa nɛ ɛzɩ ɛlɛ pɩtaaɖɛ kɩyakɩŋ naalɛ yɔɔ se pʊcɔ ɛɛlɩzɩ-ɛ se ɛhilɩ. 

Ɛlɛ ɛyʊ ɛfɛyɩna nikaɣ ŋgbaʊ kɔyɔ ɛpɩzʊ ɛsɩɩ ɖenɖe nɩkaɣ wɛ camɩyɛ yɔ nɛ pɩtaa wɩlɩ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, lɛŋ ɖeke pɔtɔkɩ. Papɩzʊ pesidi paa nandʊ ndʊ, lɩm ñɩndʊ yaa kuɖoŋgutu yaa ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ kpakpasɩ kɩwɩsɩ yaa lɩm ñɩnzɩ; sɔsɔsɩ yaa cikpesi. Ɛlɛ yee pɩkɛ nandʊ ndʊ poɖoŋga yɔɔ yɔ pɩkɩlɩ ɖeu.
Alan Paton

Palʊla Stewart Alan Paton kɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 11 pɩnaɣ 1903 kɛ Natal tɛtʊ taa, ɖenɖe payaɣ sɔnɔ taa se Kwazulu-Natal yɔ,  nɛ tɩwɛ Afrika Hadɛ Kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ɛsɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ 12 wiye pɩnaɣ 1988 ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 85. Ɛ-tɛ sukuli labʊ taa lɛ, ɛkpɛlɛka keteŋga yɔɔ mbʊ pɩwɛɛ yɔ pɩ-lɛɣtʊ ñɩnʊʊ kɛ sukuli kɩtɛzʊ sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Natal yɔ kɩ-taa. Ɛsɔsɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛwɛɛ yɔ nɖɩ  payaɣ se Anglikaanii piyele nɛ politiki ŋgʊ kɩ-taa ɛlʊkaɣ yɔɔ kʊkʊ lɛ Afrika hadɛ kiŋ. 

Ɛ-caanaa lɩna ɖooo ɖooo Aŋgilisi mba mba paawɛ Afrika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ peeɖe nɛ pakpacayʊ-wɛ yɔ. Sukuli kɩtɛzʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa kɛ ɛmʊ ɛ-ɖamɩŋ naatozo takayaɣ pɩlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa pawɩlʊ keteŋga yɔɔ mbʊ pɩwɛɛ yɔ pɩ-lɛɣtʊ ñɩnʊʊ yɔ. Sukuli kɩtɛzʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ ɛmʊ sukuli wɩlʊ takayaɣ. Kpaagbaa mbʊ lɛ ɛpaɣzɩ sukuli wɩlʊ kɛ hɛkʊ taa sukuli taa nɛ pɩnzɩ 1935 nɛ 1948 lɛ ɛpɩsɩ hɛkʊ taa sukuli ñʊʊdʊ kɛ pɩlɩʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa pɔcɔŋna pɩya nzɩ nsɩ-ñʊndaa kpa ɖoŋ nɛ sɩɩsʊʊ ɖɩsɩ yɔ kɩ-taa. Pɩlɩʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa kpalɩtʊ yaa paɣtʊ kaawɛ ɖoŋ kamaɣ fɛyɩ ɛlɛ ɛcɛyɩ ɛ-tɩ nɛ ɛpasɩ natʊyʊ pazɩ nɛ pʊkɔɔ pɩtalɩ se pɔɔ ɖɔnɛ taa ɛwɛ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ, kapɩzʊ kasʊlɩmɩ nʊmɔʊ nɛ kala tʊmɩyɛ ɖɩ kamaɣmaɣ kɔsɔɔlaa yɔ, paa peeɖe yaa paa ka-ñɩma tɛɛ yɔ ɛlɛ pɩya yɔɔ cɔnɩya ɛsɩyɛ wɛʊ kɔ-yɔɔ kpam. 

Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ keteŋga kpeekpe kaakʊyʊ ɖama yɔɔ nɛ hɔzɩŋ yaa malɩfanaa kɛ nabʊlɛ taa lɛ, Alan Paton ɖɔɖɔ kpaɣ ɛ-hɔzʊʊ nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ you. Piteleɖi lɛ eyele nɛ ɛtɛzɩ ɖɛʊ ajɛya lɛɛna taa se ɛtazɩ kpɛlɛkʊ camɩyɛ ɛzɩma pamʊ pɩya nzɩ sɩ-ñʊŋ taa wɛ ɖoŋ yɔ sɩ-yɔɔ cɔnaʊ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ ewolo Erɔpʊ nɛ Etaazunii. Nɔrvɛɛzɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛtala nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ ɛ-kacalaɣ takayaɣ maʊ nɛ ɛyaa-kɛ se: *Wii, ɛjaɖɛ kumʊyɩsɩyɛ* (*Pleure, ô pays bien-aimé*). Pɩsɩŋga nɛ ɛpɩsɩ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, ɛtʊlɩ politiki ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlʊkɩ se Afrika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛwɛɛ kɩ-tɩyɔɔ yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 1968 taa ɖeke lɛ paɖɩzɩ-ɖɩ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɩɩkɛna alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Apartheid paazaɣ ñɔʊ yɔ nɛ pɩtaaha haɖɛ kɛ politiki ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ se ɖɩñɔ. Alan Stewart Paton ma takayɩsɩ nɛ ɛla tʊma wena yɔ aɖɔɔ.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie

Palʊla Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie kɛ salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 15 pɩnaɣ 1977 kɛ Abaa  tɛtʊ taa, ɖenɖe payaɣ se Anambra yɔ, pɩwɛna Naajeeriya ɛjaɖɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ  nɛ ɛsɩ pɩnaɣ 2017 ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 40. Ɖenɖe siŋŋŋ palʊlayɩ yɔ lɛ Enugu nɛ ɛcaɣ sukuliu kɩtɛzʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Nsuka yɔ kɩ-taa, kpaɣna pɩnaɣ 1960, pɩwɛna Naajeeriya nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ. Palʊla-wɛ pɛkpɛnda ɛyaa looɖo nɛ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie kɔyɔ kagbaanzɩ-tʊ.

Ɛ-caa kawɩlaɣ sukuli kɩtɛzʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa akɔnta ŋgʊ kɩtazʊʊ huwa lɛɛna taa nɛ payaɣ-kʊ staatistiki yɔ nɛ e-ɖoo ñɔɔzaɣ sukuli ŋgʊ kɩ-tʊma ɖamɩŋ taa. Pɛkɛ kooka ŋga payaɣ-kɛ Abaa yɔ ka-taa ùba nɛ pɛwɛ Anambra taa.

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie kaawɛna pɩnzɩ 19 lɛ, ɛɖɛɛ Etaazunii, Pɛnsilvanii tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ communication et les sciences politiques kpɛlɛkʊ sukuli kɩtɛzʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Trɛksɛlii, Fiilaadɛlfiya tɛtʊ taa yɔ kɩ-taa. Pɩnaɣ 2001 kɛ ɛmʊ e-sukuli ŋgʊ kɩ-takayaɣ nɛ ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ kɛkɛdɩna ɛ-wɩlɩyaa pɩkɩlɩ lala payɩ nɛ paha-ɩ samtʊ tʊmɩyɛ nimiye.

Pɩnaɣ 2003 taa ɛtɛza ɛtasa mʊʊ e-sukuli tɛzʊ takayaɣ takayɩsɩ maʊ taa sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Uniivɛrsite Johns-Hopkins nɛ kɩwɛ Baltimore yɔ kɩ-taa. 

Pɩnaɣ 2008 taa ɛtasa mʊʊ sʊkulɩ kɩtɛzʊʊ taa takayaɣ Afrika takayɩsɩ maʊ taa Yale sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa. Pɩnaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ ŋga ka-taa paha-ɩ samtʊ takayaɣ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ se MacArthur yɔ nɛ samtʊ nima ndɩ ndɩ kɛ Harvard sukuli kɩtɛzʊ taa. Pɩnaɣ 2017 taa ɛmʊ e-sukuli kɩtɛzʊ takayaɣ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ se Tɔktoora yɔ kɛ takayɩsɩ maʊ nɛ sɩ-tɔm kpɛlɛkʊ kɛ Edimburgii sukuli kɩtɛzʊ taa. Pɩnaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie kʊyɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖinɛ ɖi-yɔɔ.