open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Luwandaa

**Luwandaa** kɛŋna Aŋgolaa ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛna Aŋgolaa ɛjaɖɛ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ. Pɔritiigaalɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa ñɔzɩna tɛtʊ tʊnɛ ɖoooo kɔlaɣ fenaɣ 25 pɩnaɣ 1575. Pɩɩkɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wadaɣ yɔ nɛ pɔcɔna se paapizaa se pama teŋu. Mbʊ yebina nɛ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1627 lɛ tɛtʊ tʊne tɩpɩsɩ Pɔrɩtiigaalɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa mba pɛwɛ Aŋgolaa peeɖe yɔ pɛ-tɛ tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ. 

Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ landammm taa wɛ ɛkɩtaarɩnaa 241 800 yaa kilomɛtanaa  2 418. Pɩnaɣ 1975 taa kɛ Aŋgolaa mʊ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ nɛ pɩ-tɛ alɩwaatʊ lɛ ɛyaa mba paawɛ Luwandaa yɔ paakpɛnda 600 000 nɛ Pɔrɩtiigalɩ mba kaaɖɔ pa-taa sɩŋŋŋ. 

Pɩnzɩ 1975 nɛ 2002 taa you sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ pazaa nɛ kɩñamsɩ Aŋgolaa ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɛyaa se pʊŋ taa nɛ powolo pɛmɛlɩ Luwandaa tɛtʊ taa, mbʊ yebina nɛ peeɖe ɛyaa pazɩ pohuu nɛ pɔñɔtɩna ezɩ miloyɔɔnaa kagbaanzɩ yɔ (5 000 000) kɛ pɩnaɣ 2008. 
	
Tɔsʊʊ nɛ ɛsɩndaa wobu lɩna nesi tɛɛ tʊma yɔɔ, lubu nɛ karazɩm pɛdʊ, ñɩɩtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se fɛɛrɩ yɔ, kɔfɩ nɛ kpakpasɩ kpaʊ pɔ-yɔɔ. Luwandaa tɛtʊ wɛ napʊlɛ taa: Luwandaa haɖɛ ŋgʊ yaa kataŋga taa ŋgʊ nɛ hatʊ ñɩŋgʊ yaa pʊʊ taa ñɩŋgʊ. 

Ɛzɩ ajɛya lɛɛna taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ lɛɛtʊ yɔ, Luwandaa tɛtʊ nɛ ajɛyaa naayɛ taa ñɩndʊ paɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ palakɩ tʊma kʊɖʊma nɛ anaa yɔ: Pelo Orizɔnti (Pireeziili) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1968, Pɔrɩtoo (Pɔrɩtiigaalɩ) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1999, Husitɔnɩ (Etaazuunii) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2003, Salɩvaadɔɔrɩ (Pireeziili) nɛ Tahuwa (Niizɛɛrɩ).
Lusakaaa

Luzakaa kɛŋna Sambii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ nɛ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ landammm taa maɣna ɛzɩ ɛkɩtaarɩnaa 7 000 yaa kilomɛtanaa 70. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa pakala kɩgalʊʊ; lɛ ɛyaa mba panaa yɔ pɛkpɛnda 1 742 979. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa hʊkʊʊ lɔŋ lɔŋ kɛ keteŋga kpeekpe taa yɔ. 

Kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pɔyɔɔdɩɣ Luzakaa tɛttʊ taa yɔ ɛnʊ lɛ aŋgilisi nɛ niyanja. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa kɛ Sambii komina kpelasi wɛɛ nɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ tadɩyɛ kɩlʊʊ yabʊ. Luzakaaa tɛtʊ wɛ Sambii ɛjaɖɛ taa pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-ñʊʊtaa wɛ landammm yɔ nɛ kɩ-hadɛ kiŋ. Pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkʊyɩmɩŋ taa wɛ ɛzɩ mɛtanaa 1 300 yɔ nɛ pɩwɛ Sambii ɛjaɖɛ habɛɛ ɖɩ-katɩyɛ taa; pɩkpaɣna hayʊ pitii pɩsɩɩna hadɛ, pɩkpaɣna wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ piwolo pɩtalɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ. 

Ɛzɩ ajɛya lɛɛna taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ lɛɛtʊ yɔ, Luzakaaa tɛtʊ nɛ ajɛyaa naayɛ taa ñɩndʊ paɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ palakɩ tʊma kʊɖʊma nɛ anaa yɔ: Tʊsambee (Taajikisitani) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1966 nɛ Lɔsɩ Anzelɛsɩ (Etaazuni) ɖooo agoza fenaɣ 7 pɩnaɣ 1968. Payaɣ Luzakaaa tɛtʊ yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ kɩfalʊ se Stephen Chilatu.
Lɔndrɩ

**Lɔndrɩ** kɛŋna Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ nɛ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ Pireetaañɩ Sɔsɔʊ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ ndʊ kaakɛŋna Pireetaañɩ kewiyaɣ tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɖooo kɛ mbʊ yɔ nɛ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ keteŋa kpeekpe ajɛya ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se kɛ Commonwealth yɔ ɖi-kpelaɣ wɛɛ. 

Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ Room mba kaalɩozɩna-tʊ pɩlakɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ kutokiŋ naalɛ (2 000) yɔ nɛ ɖooo pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ 19 taa lɛ, Lɔndrɩ kaakɛŋna tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kaakɩla ɖɔʊ kɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa. Keteŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ peeɖe kɛ tɔsʊʊ kɩla wɛʊ ɛlɛ pɩlɩna mbʊ ɛzɩ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa  tɩ-taa kɛ liidiye tɔsʊʊ koozaɣ wɛɛ yɔ. 

Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ landammm taa maɣna ɛkɩtaarɩnaa 157 200 yaa kilomɛtanaa 1 572. Pɩnaɣ 2016 taa pakala kɩgalʊ peeɖe lɛ, pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 8 787 892 yɔ ɛlɛ yee pɛkpɛndɩna ageeta wena acɔ tɛtʊ ndʊ nɛ ataa yɔ ɛyaa tala ɛzɩ 13 879 757 yɔ. 

Keteŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ, Lɔndrɩ tɛtʊ taa ɖeke kɛ papɩɩza nɛ pɔñɔɔzɩ tomnaɣ taa hayɩsʊʊ tɛɛ santaɖaŋ pɩnzɩ naatozo: 1908, 1948, 2012. Paa pɩnaɣ ŋga ka-taa ɛsɩyɛ ekpena tɩna mba powoki peeɖe yɔ, pɛɖe; ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa 28 yɔ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ peeɖe lona naayɛ kpɛnda naanza nɛ awɛ kacuka sɩŋŋŋ yaa ɖeu kamaɣ fɛyɩ. Kondoloko nakʊyʊ wɛ peeɖe nɛ kɩwɛ camɩyɛ kʊlʊŋgʊlʊ. 

Ɛzɩ ajɛya lɛɛna taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ lɛɛtʊ yɔ, Lɔndrɩ tɛtʊ nɛ ajɛyaa naayɛ taa ñɩndʊ paɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ palakɩ tʊma kʊɖʊma nɛ anaa yɔ: Pɛɛrɩlɛɛ (Caama), Mumbee nɛ Niwudeelii (Ɛɛndɩ), Mɔsɩkʊʊ (Ruusii), Naaplɩ (Itaalii) nɛ Niyuu Yɔrɩkɩ (Etaazuunii). Payaɣ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ kɩfalʊʊ se Sadiq Khan (PT).
Vladimir Lenin

Vladimir Ilitch Oulianov (Rusii kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, Влади́мир Ильи́ч Улья́нов), pɛɖɛyɩ-ɩ se Lénine (Ленин), palʊla-ɩ Simbirsk (nɔɔnɔɔ Oulianovsk) ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 22 pɩnaɣ 1870 nɛ ɛsɩ Vichnie Gorki (nɔɔnɔɔ Gorki Leninskie) tɛtʊ taa kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 21 pɩnaɣ 1924. Ɛɛkɛ caɣyɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ lɛɛzɩyʊ tʊ, politiki tɔm mayʊ nɛ Ruusii ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊ tʊ.   

Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1917, tsar kewiyitu yɔka lɛ, bolchevik waa kpaɣ kewiyaɣ Rusii ɛjaɖɛ taa aloma fenaɣ taa kpɛlɩ lɛzɩtʊ alɩwaatʊ taa. Lenine kewiyaɣ kpaɣtʊ tɩna Ruusii soviyetiki ñɔʊ, kajalaɣ politiki lɩmaɣza alɩzɩ kpɛndɛ tɔm yɔ nɛ pʊwayi yɔ palɩzɩ URSS. Lénine nɛ bolcheviks cɛyɩ pa-tɩ pakandɩ pɛ-tɛ politiki lɩmaɣza tɔm yɔɔ yɔ ŋgʊ palɩzɩ pa-tɩ ajɛyɛ hɛkʊ taa nɛ pɛwɛna ɖɔɖɔ ɖama hɛkʊ taa you.    

Oulianov cejewiye, Maria Alexandrovna, Ilia Nikolaïevitch nɛ pe-piyaa, Olga, Maria, Alexandre nɛ Dimitri nɛ Anna nɛ Vladimir. Palʊla Vladimir Oulianov Simbirsk, ɖenɖe ɛ-ñɩma kaacaɣ fenasɩ cabɩ yɔ. Ɛcaɣ ɛyaa lɔŋ ñɩma nabɛyɛ hɛkʊ taa. Ɛzɩ Ilia Oulianov (1831 ŋtalɩ 1886) nɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ ɛ-halʊ yɔ Maria Oulianova, palʊla-ɩ Blank liɖe taa pɩnzɩ 1835 ŋtalɩ 1916), pɛ-tɛ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ, papɩtɩɣ palʊlʊʊ tɔm, kɔzɩ Ilia hɔɔlʊʊ taa. Ilia caa, Nikolaï palʊla-ɩ haɖaa nabɛyɛ liɖe taa nɛ Astrakhan kiŋ. Payaɣa ɛ-cɔzɔ naa se Oulyanine nɛ pʊcɔ pʊwayi yɔ pakpaɣ hɩɖɛ se Oulianov.

Cejewiye nɖɩ pʊwɛ ɛzɩ ɖi-lilaa wɛ Nijni Novgorod egeetiye taa. Yee pakpaɣ Oulianov waa ɛzɩ pɩkɛ Ruusii ɛyaa kɔyɔ, Nijni Novgorod wɛʊna kɩkpɛndʊʊ natʊyʊ nɛ pɩwɛɛ ɛzɩ cejewiye ndɩ tchouvache waa yaa mordve waa liɖe kaawɛ ɖɩ-taa. Paasɩŋ Lenine cɛjɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa neze liɖe keeke. Maria, Lenine kɔɔ kɛlɛ, kaatisa pɔ-cɔzɔ cejewiye kaawɛna tatar calɩm, pe-neze ñaakɛ kamouke yaa kirghize. Maria Oulianova nɛ Moshe Blank cɔzɔ kaakɛ Yuda pɛdɩyaa nabɛyɛ tɛ nɛ palɩna Volhynie kiŋ.   

Cɔzɔ sɔsɔ Ilia Nikolaïevitch Oulianov, vassili, ɛɛkɛ haɖʊ weyi ɛtapɩzɩɣ se ekizi ɛ-tɛtʊ yɔ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛkɛ yom weyi ɛwɛ ɛ-tɩ yɔɔ pʊcɔ lɛɛzɩtʊ pɩnaɣ 1861 talɩ yɔ. Ilia caa lakaɣ ñɛyɩtʊ tʊmɩyɛ Astrakhan, nɛ Ilia maɣmaɣ lakaɣ tɩlɩyɛ sukuli sɔsɔʊ. Ɛmʊ sukuli waɖɛ takayaɣ pɩnaɣ 1854 lɛ, ehiɣ sukuli wɩlɩɣ tʊmɩyɛ Penza tɛtʊ taa. Peeɖe ɛkakɩ Marie Alexandrovna Blank, weyi ɛlaba-ɩ halʊ kɩyɛna fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 1863. 

Ɛpazɩ ɛsɔɔlɩ Rusii Ampiiri tɛ ɛsɩnda ɖɛnaʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tɔm mbʊ lɛ, ɛpɩsɩ wiliu tʊmɩyɛ tʊ sukuli naa taa. Hɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛna pɩyaa lutozo. Anna, palʊla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1864, Alexandre, palʊla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1866, ɛwayɩ palʊla Vladimir palʊlɩ-ɩ, palʊla ɛlɛ maɣmaɣ pɩnaɣ 1870. Vladimir wayi palʊla, Olga pɩnaɣ 1871, Dmitri pɩnaɣ 1874 nɛ Maria pɩnaɣ 1878. Piyaa naalɛ hɔʊ kʊnɛyɔ ki-nesi tɛɛ sɩba pɩcatʊ taa. Halɩpɩɣa paaya ɖɔɖɔ se Olga pɩnaɣ 1868 nɛ abalɩpɩɣa Nikolaï pɩnaɣ 1873.
Lɔsɩ Anzelɛsɩ

Lɔsɩ Anzelɛsɩ kɛna Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ natʊlɛ ñɩndʊ ndʊ tɩtɩŋgʊʊ Niyuu Yɔrɩkɩ ñɩndʊ wayɩ yɔ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ Kalifɔrinii nɛ hadɛ kiŋ nɛ pɩwɛna lɩm hɛɛʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se pasifiiki yɔ kɩ-cɔlɔ. Lɔsɩ Anzelɛsɩ tɔbʊʊ sɩŋŋŋ kɛlɛ se «Ɖoɖoo Abiɖe Tiiyaa ñʊʊtʊ ɖicaɣyɛ». 

Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ landammm taa maɣna ɛkɩtaarɩnaa 129 060 yaakilomɛtanaa 1 2 906. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩkɩlɩ walanzɩ kɛ Niyuu Yɔrɩkɩ nɛ Sikaagoo. Pɩnaɣ 1887 paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa lɛ, ɛyaa kaawɛ 11 500 ɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 2013 paɖaanɩ-wɛɛ kalʊʊ lɛ, pɛkpɛnda ɛyaa 3 884 307. 

Ɛlɛ yee pɛkpɛndɩna ageeta wena acɔ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ nɛ ataa yɔ, ɛyaa kpeekpe kpɛndɩɣ miliyɔɔnaa 18,5 (18 500 000). Mbʊ yebina nɛ yee pɛkɛdɩɣ Etazuni taa tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyyaa kɩlɩ ɖɔʊ kɔyɔ, Lɔsɩ Anzelɛsɩ kɛŋna natʊlɛ ñɩndʊ ndʊ tɩtɩŋgʊʊ Niuyɔrɩkɩ wayɩ yɔ. 

Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa tomnaɣ taa hayɩsʊʊ nɛ alɣya tʊma wɛɛ sɩŋŋŋ nɛ pʊyɔɔ lɛ, tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa ɛyaa ñɔɔzɩ pɩ-tʊmaa tɔm napʊlɛ: pɩnaɣ 1932 nɛ pɩnɣ nɛ 1984. Ɛzɩ ajɛya lɛɛna taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ lɛɛtʊ yɔ, Lɔsɩ Anzelɛsɩ tɛtʊ nɛ ajɛyaa naayɛ  ɛzɩ 27 yɔ  taa ñɩndʊ ɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ palakɩ tʊma kʊɖʊma.Payaɣ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ kɩfalʊ se Eric Garcetti (D).
Lɔŋ pasʊʊ (morale)

Wɛtʊ kɩbandʊ nʊmɔʊ tɩŋʊʊ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se mooraalɩ. Pɩkɛ lɔŋ pasʊʊ nabʊyʊ. Palʊlʊʊ pɩɣa lɛ, pʊwɛɛ se pɛkpɛlɛkɩ-kɛ wezuu caɣʊ kɩbam. Pʊwɛɛ se pɛkpɛlɛkɩ-kɛ ñamtʊ haʊ, ɖɔnɛ kɩbanɖɛ. Tʊmɩyɛ labʊ nɛ taa leleŋ.  

Ɖɩɣa taa lɛ, pʊwɛɛ se pɛkpɛlɛkɩ-kɛ ka-ñɩma sɛʊ paa tanaŋ ŋgʊ. Pʊwɛɛ se kalɩɣna kuduyuu tɛɛ lɛ, kɔkɔ kɛ-ɛsɩndaa. Kɔkɔʊ kɛ-ɛsɩndaa nɛ pɩtɛ lɛ, kowolo kɛsɛɛ ka-caa nɛ ko-ɖoo. Kɛsɛɣ-wɛ pɩtɛ lɛ, kɛsɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ ka-ɖalaa nɛ kɔ-kɔɔnaa. 

Sɛtʊ wayɩ lɛ, kala ka-tʊma cikpene wena paɖʊ-kɛ se kala yɔ. 

Yee mbʊ mbʊ payaɣ se mooraalɩ yɔ yaa wɛtʊ kɩbandʊ yɔ, ɖɩɣa taa pɩpaɣzɩɣna nɛ pʊcɔ pɩlɩɩna awayɩ. Sukuli taa lɛ, pɛkpɛlɛkɩ pɩɣa ɛzɩma kaña ka-wɩlɩyaa nɛ ka-kɩkpaɖaa yɔ. Pɛkpɛlɛkɩɣ pɩɣa ɖɔɖɔ sukuli taa habɩyɛ yɔɔ paɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ ndʊ pʊwɛɛ se ɛyʊ ɛña nɛ kɛkpɛdɛzaɣ nakɛyɛ ɛtaala habɩyɛ yɔɔ yɔ.

Yee pɩɣa nakɛyɛ ɛɖɔŋ habɩyɛ yɔɔ nɛ kaañaŋ habɩyɛ yɔɔ ɖɔnɛ paɣtʊ yɔ, pɔtɔŋ se pɩɣa ŋga kotowolo sukuli. Kɛkɛ kɩmɛlɛŋ. Patʊ pɩɣa nakɛyɛ mbʊʊ yɔ, pɩwɩzɩɣ ka-ñɩma siŋŋ. Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, pɩɣa nakɛyɛ ɛwɛɛ nɛ kaasɩŋ sɛtʊ yɔ, pɔtɔŋ-kɛ se ka-ñɩma tɛkpɛlɛkɩ-kɛ wɛtʊ kɩbandʊ.

Wɛtʊ kɩbandʊ ndɩ ndɩ lɩɣna mooraalɩ cɔlɔ. Ɛlɛ, ɛyʊ fɩtɩyɩm taa wɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ kɩbandʊ tɩŋa hosi ñɔʊ. Fɩtɩyɩm taa maɣzɩm kɩbam tɩŋa lɩɣna.
Léopold Senghor

Palʋla ɖajaa Léopold Sédar Senghor aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nakʋ (9) ñɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1906 taa. Palʋla-ɩ Senegaalɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, Joal tɛtʋ taa. Sɔsɔ Léopold Senghor wona sɔsaa mʋlʋm saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ (20) ñɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2001 taa. Verson tɛtʋ taa ɛsɩba. Verson tɛtʋ wɛ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa.

Ɖajaa Léopold Senghor kɛkɛ takayaɣ taa mayʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ politiki laɖʋ sɔsɔ Fransɩ nɛ Senegaalɩ pa-ajɛya taa. Ɛnʋ kɛŋna kajalaɣ Senegaalɩ ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ ɖi-yomiye taa lɩʋ wayɩ. 

Ñʋʋdʋ Léopold kpaɣ kpelaɣ pɩnaɣ 1960 nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 1980 ñɩŋa taa. Ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛsɔɔlɩna nɛ etii kpelaɣ yɔɔ. 

Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa fransɩɩ kʋnʋŋ yɔɔ kandɩyaa ŋgbɛyɛ taa lɛ, Léopold Senghor kɛŋna Afrɩka tʋ kajalaɣ tʋ ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-taa. 

Pʋcɔ nɛ Senegaalɩ ɛjaɖɛ lɩɣ yomiye taa nɛ ɖajaa Léopold Senghor kɛʋ ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-kajalaɣ ñʋʋdʋ lɛ, ɛɛkɛ Minisi nɔɔyʋ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. 

Senegaalɩ ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ yɔɔ pɩtɩŋnaa nɛ taabalɩyɛ nɛ ŋgbɛyɛ wɛɛ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Afrɩka tɛ ajɛya wena Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ kacaɣ a-ñʋŋ yɔɔ yɔ a-tɩŋa payɩ.
Lɔɔɖa saʋ ahela

Lɔɔɖa ahela kɛ spɔɖɛ ŋgʋ lɔɔɖa sayaa lakɩ yɔ. Pɛwɛʋ pɔ-lɔɔɖa kpelesi taa, pe-nesi lɔɔɖa tʋzʋ kʋcɔsaɣ yɔ (volant). Sayaa ka-tʋ ɖama nɛ pɔ-lɔɔɖa alɩwaatʋ ndʋ seu ahela anɛyɔ a-talʋ lɛ. Palakɩ yɛ nɛ lɛɣtʋ ndɩ ndɩ. Pʋtʋbʋ size kuluŋgulu tɛ saʋ wɛ, nɛ habɩyɛ yɔ tʋɖʋɖʋ saʋ wɛ yaa nʋmɔsɔkasɩ taa saʋ wɛ ɖɔɖɔ.

Lɔɔɖa saʋ ahela wɛna pilinzi nɛ takɩm mbʋ ɛyʋ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ ɛ-ɖɛna pʋyɔ yɔ sakɩyɛ. kuluŋgulu saʋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, satʋ ndʋ pakɩlʋ tʋ sam yɔ, ndʋ yɔ kɔɔnɔɔ tɩŋgɩ-tʋ. Peseu-kʋ nɛ monoplasɩ (monoplaces), ɛlɛ seya lɛɛna ndɩ ndɩ wɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Wena pazɩmaɣ yɛ yɔ a-taa lɛ, pabɩzʋ paya Nascar nɛ IndyCar kɛ Etaazuunii.

Habɛɛ nɛ nʋmɔsɔkasɩ taa, ɖɩnaɣ kedeŋa kpekpe lɔɔɖa saʋ waɖaa santaraŋ rallɩyɛ (rallyes). Rallye automobile Monte-Carlo, kɛna mazɩtʋ ndʋ tɩ-kɩla kʋm yɔ. Palɩzɩ tʋ pɩnaɣ 1911 taa. Ɖʋɖɔkɩ size lɔɔɖa wena palakɩna aleɣya seu santaraʋ kʋnɛyɔ, awɛ ndɩ ndɩ kɛ, aleɣya nʋmɔŋ wobu cikpeŋ nɛ sʋsɔŋ taa.

Kedeŋa kpekpe aŋgba nɛ ajɛɛ aŋgba cɔŋnana nɛ sɔlɩm lɔɔɖa saʋ ahela anɛyɔ aseu ɖeɖe.
Lɛlʊ

Weyi ɛtɛkɛ-ŋ yɔ, ɛnʊʊ payaɣ se lɛlʊ. Ɛyaa lɛlaa tɩŋa. Pʊ-yɔɔ Takayaɣ mayʊ sɔsɔ, Ɖajaa Baudelaire yɔɔda se : « Ɛyʊ lɛlʊ pɩzɩɣ ɛkɛ n̄ɔ-cɔlɔ tʊ, ɛpɩzɩ ɛkɛ poliŋ taa tʊ » Yee mbʊ, ɛyʊ lɛlʊ tɩlʊʊ caɣ kaɖɛ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Ɛyaa wɛnɩ lɩmaɣzɛ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩɩna ɛyʊ lɛlʊ yɔɔ tɔm yɔɔ. Mba payaɣ-wɛ se « Filoosɔɔfʊ waa yɔ, pa-lɩmaɣzɛ wɛ ndɩ nɛ caanaʊ sɔnzɩ laɖaa nɛ Ɛsɔ ŋgba nʊmɔʊ taa tɩŋɩyaa.

Filoosɔɔfʊ waa n̄ɔtɔŋ se pʊwɛɛ se ɛyʊ ɛtɩlɩ ɛ-tɩtɩŋa fayɩɩ nɛ pʊcɔ ɛpɩzɩ ɛtɩlɩ lɛlʊ. Pʊ-yɔɔ Filoosɔfʊ weyi payaɣ se Sartre yɔ, ɛlɛ tɔŋ se, ɛyʊ ɩlɩɣ ɛ-ɩ nɛ pʊcɔ ɛtɩlɩ lɛlʊ. Se pɩtɩŋa pɩ-taa, pʊcɔ nɛ ɛyʊ pɩsɩ ɛyʊ siŋŋ yaa pʊcɔ nɛ ɛyʊ caɣ wezuu lɛ, pʊpɔzʊʊ se lɛlʊ ɛwɛɛ. Pʊ-nʊmɔʊ taa ɖɔɖɔ Filoosɔɔfʊ lɛlʊ, weyi payaɣ se Emmanuel Lévinas yɔ, ɛtɔma se pʊpɔsʊʊ se ɛyʊ ɛn̄ɔtɩnɛ lɛlʊ nɛ ɛ nɛ ɩ paɖʊ taabalɩɛ nɛ pʊcɔ ɛpɩzɩ ɛtɩlɩ-ɩ. Filoosɔɔfʊ sɔsɔ Mildred Szymkowiak tasɩ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛyʊ lɛlʊ tɩlʊʊ tɔm taa se pɩkɛna mbʊ ɛyʊ n̄azʊʊ pɩ-taa kpem se ɛpɩzɩ ɛsɔɔlɩ lɛlʊ yɔ.

Ɛyʊ lɛlʊ tɩlʊʊ tɔm

Sʊsɔ Aristote tɔŋ ɖɔɖɔ se lɛlʊ wɛna-ɖʊ kɛdɛɖaɣ siŋŋ se ɖɩpɩzɩ ɖɩtɩlɩ ɖa-tɩ : « Ɛyʊ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ ɛtɩlɩ ɛ-tɩ yee lɛlʊ weyi ɛkɛ ɛ-taabalʊ yɔ, ɛfɛyɩ kɔyɔ. Ɛyʊ weyi ɛɛtɛɖɩɣ pʊyʊ yɔ, Lɛlʊ sɔɔlʊʊ wɛna-ɩ kɛdɛɖaɣ siŋŋ se pʊcɔ ɛpɩzɩ ɛtɩlɩ ɛ-tɩ.»
Lɛɛtɔɔ (Laiton)

Kwivri nɛ sɛnkɩ pa-ñɩɣla kpɛndʊʊ kɛ payaɣ se Lɛɛtɔɔ. Ñɩɣla anɛ afɛyɩ kɩmaŋ kɛ ɖɔʊ taa yaa ɖalakɩŋ taa nɛ pʊcɔ pɩkpɛŋndɩ mbʊ, nabʊyʊ taa pisidi yem. Yee pɔcɔna sɩŋŋŋ kɔyɔ ñɩɣla lɛɛna sida lɛɛtɔɔ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ: pʊlɔŋ, etɛŋ, nikɛlɩ, kiɖoom nɛ mañeziyɔmɩ. 

Pɩtɩŋga paɩ mbʊ yɔ pɩkɛna ñɩɣtʊ hɔmtʊ natʊyʊ. Ɛsɔmɩnɩʊ pʊkɩ lɛ pɩkazʊʊ nabʊyʊ nɛ mbʊ lɛ lɛɛtɔɔ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ kpʊzʊyɛɛ ɛzɩ tɩŋ hatʊ yɔ. Ɛzɩma lɛɛtɔɔ wɛɛ yɔ pʊyɔɔ kɛ nabʊyʊ taa payɑɣ-kʊ se kwivri sʊtʊ lɩm ñɩŋgʊ. Ñɩɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ ndʊ tɩkpɛndʊ nɛ pɩpɩsʊ lɛɛtɔɔ yɔ pʊyɔɔ lɛ papɩzʊ pana lɛɛtɔɔnaa ndɩ ndɩ: tɔbakɩ, aɖisalɩ, ñɩɣyʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ cɩŋjɩnɔɔ yɔ yaa fulorantɛnɩ pʊrɔnzɩ, similɔɖɩ yaa pinkibɛkɩ. 

Pɩtɛkɛ sɛnkɩ ɖeke taa kɛ kuwiviɖi pɩzɩɣ kisidi nɛ pɩlɩɩ lɛɛtɔɔ;  ñɩɣtʊ lɛɛtʊ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ tɩ-taa kɔyɔ: aliiminiyɔmɩ, nikɛlɩ nɛ sɛkɩ, pʊrɔnzɩ ŋgʊ kwivri nɛ nɛ etɛŋ.
Lɩm

Lɩm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pɩyʊʊ mbʊ pɩ-taa wɛ ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ nɛ hɩdrɔzɛnɩ. Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ matʊ kɛlɛʊ taa pama se H2O nɛ pɩwɛ camɩyɛ kele kele nɛ pɩwɛ paa tomnaɣt kpɩnɛ ndɩ lɛ ɖɩ-taa kɛ tɛtʊ yɔɔ nɛ niikaɣ hɔɔlɩŋ weyi ɛcɔtʊ nɛ ɛ-taa yɔ tɩ-taa. Lɩm wɛ wazaɣ paa kpɩnɛ ndɩ lɛ ɖɩ-tɛ. Pɩkɛ wezuu kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ wonuu kɩjɛyʊʊ ŋgʊ. Pɩ-tɛ sakɩyɛ yeba nɛ pikii nɛ pɩpɩsɩ kaʊ sɔsɔʊ ɛsɔtaa.

Lɩm wɛna wɛtʊ naatozo ndʊ lɛ cololo wɛtʊ nɛ ɖɔm pɩyɛ yaa helim mbʊ pɩwɛ kedeŋga taa yɔ. Pɩkɛ pɩyʊʊ mbʊ pɩkɛ kɩjɛyʊʊ paa tomnaɣ kpɩnɛ ndɩ lɛ ɖɩ-taa. Pɩlɩna mbʊ pɩhaɣ wezuu yɔ lɛ, nɛ tɔsʊʊ huu nɔmɔʊ taa nɛ ɛzɩma pɩfɛyɩ kɩmaŋ tɛtʊ yɔ lɛ, pʊ-tɔm wɛ kaɖɛ pɩlɩna politiki tɔm cɔlʊʊ cɔlɔ.

Lɩm ɖɔnɛ (mbʊ pazɩma cɩnʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa se lɩm kajataɣ kpɛlɛkʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa) ñɔtɩna lɩm kajataɣ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ tɛtɛɛ lɩm nɛ kedeŋga yɔɔ lɩm nɛ tɛtɛɛ lɩŋgamɩŋ nɛ tɩŋ. Lɩm colɔlo wɛʊ mbʊ yɔ pana-pʊ paa tɛtʊ lɩm mbʊ mbʊ pɩ-taa ɛzɩ lɩŋgamɩŋ nɛ teŋguu naa nɛ kujomiŋ nɛ lɩm pɔsɩ taa. Ɖɩcɔna nɛ ɖɩna yɔ lɩm kpaɣ tɛtʊ sakɩyɛ pɩkɩlɩ kedeŋga maɣmaɣ. Lɩm wɛ ɖɔɖɔ helim taa ɛzɩ muzuu tɩyɛ. Lɩm wɛ ɖɔɖɔ tɛtɛɛ.
Lɩm yaʋ

Lɩm yaʋ kɛ lɩm taa aleɣya yaa amʋʋza. Pɩkɛna ɛyaa nɛ tɛtɛ kpɩna paleɣyaa lɩm taa. Lɩm taa yɛlʋ kaɣlɛtʋ tʋnɛ yɔ, tɩ-pɔzɩɣ tomna ɖoŋ ɖeke. Nɔyʋ fɛyɩ lɩm taa se ɛ-ɖʋ yayʋʋ nesi. Pɩpɔza yayʋʋ se ɛlɩsɩ e-tomna ɖoŋ kɛnɛ koŋ. 

Lɩm yatʋ piliŋa kanɛ yɔ, kekpelɩɣ ka-taa piliŋsi sakɩyɛ. Nasɩ kɔyɩɔ : lɩm yɔɔ wɛʋ nɛ ŋwolo ɖoli, pɩtasɩna lɩm tɛɛ wɛʋ nɛ nɖɛɛ ɖoli mbɩyɔ (ntɔyʋ n̄a-tɩ lɩm taa, lɩm yaʋʋ), tɩ-lɔʋ lɩm taa, yaa lɛɣtʋ amʋʋza wena palakɩyɛ lɩm taa yɔ. Hɛkɩŋ yaa lonee yaa hɔlɩŋ weyi ɛ-taa pʋpɔza size paya lɩm yɔɔ yɔ : Pisiini (piscine) taa mbɩyɔ, nɛ lɩm sʋsɔm taa ɖɔɖɔ (lɩŋgamɩŋ nɛ teŋgunaa) yaa lɩm mbʋ tɛtɛ kpɩna sɔɔlɩ wɛʋ yɔ pɩ-taa.

Lɩm yaʋ kɛ spɔɖɛ ŋgʋ lɛlɛyɔ paɣ weyi ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛ-lakʋ yɔ. Pɩkpaɣʋ nɛ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1896 yɔ, ɖɩnaɣ size spɔɖɛ lɩm yaʋʋ n̄ɩŋgʋ kʋnɛ, kɩ-kɛ Olimpiiki aleɣya abalaa spɔɖɛ kpem kɛlɛ nɛ halaa n̄a-paɣzɩɣ kʋ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1912 taa kɛnɛ. Sɔnɔ ɖɩ-wɛna lɛɣtʋ naanaza se ɖɩ-kpɛlɛkɩna yaa ɖɩ-tɩlɩna lɩm yaʋ.

Nɛ ŋgbɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-cɔnna aheela sʋsɔna ana a-paɣtʋ ɖɩlɩzɩɣ ne a-kpɛlɩkɩtʋ wɩlʋ yʋɔ yɔ alɩzɩna lɛɣtʋ ndʋ, aheela sakɩyɛ wayɩ. Ndʋ yɔ : nesi haduu tɛ yaʋ nɛ pɩtasɩna tɩ-hɔmm nɛ tʋʋzʋ tɛ yaʋ nɛ yaʋ fiidiviu tɩ-yɛ, kaɖɩ n̄ɩŋgʋ kpem kɛlɛ, nɛ siiye kotuu tɛ yaʋ.

## Nesi haduu tɛ yaʋ
* Kɛna lotu yɔ yaʋ. Ɖɩ-kɛ yayɛ nɖɩ, ɖɩ-wɛ camɩyɛ nɛ hɛɛ yɔ.
* 50 nɛ 100 nɛ 200 mɛtɩnaa.

## Tɩ-hɔmm tɛ yaʋ
* Yayɛ ɖɩ-nɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ, nesi ɛ-wɛʋ lɩm tɛɛ, ɛlɛ awayɩ. Nɩŋgbaŋzɩ ŋmakɩ lɩm nɛ pɩɖɛʋ naŋ.
* 50 nɛ 100 nɛ 200 nɛ 400 nɛ 800 nɛ 1500 mɛtɩnaa.

## Yaʋ fiidiviu tɩ-yɛ
* Kɛna yatʋ ndʋ tɩ-wɛ lɔŋ lɔŋ kpem yɔ. Nɛ lɩm yaʋ pʋnɛyɔ pɔpɔzɩɣ lɛɣtʋ siŋŋ nɛ ɖoŋ ɖɔɖɔ pɩŋŋ, nɛ ɖɩna peeɖe nesi nɛ naŋgbaŋzɩ nɛ lotu, mbʋ pɩ-tɛ yaʋ wɛ kaɖɛ.
* 50 nɛ 100 nɛ 200 mɛtɩnaa.

## Siɣye kotuu tɛ yaʋ
* Ŋgbɛɛ nɖɩ paya-ɖɩ size FINA yɔ lɩzɩna lɛɣtʋ lɩm yaʋʋ pʋnɛyɔ; nɛ ɖɩɖɔkʋ kɛnɛ size ŋkotuu siiye nɛ ncɔʋʋ pɔbɔɖɛ tɩ-yɛ lɩm taa.
* 50 nɛ 100 et 200 mɛtɩnaa.
Lɩŋgamʊʊ (Barrage)

Lɩŋgamʋʋ kɛna matʋ ndʋ tɩsɩʋna nɛ paɖʋ lɩm hɛkʋ yɔ. Pʋtɔbʋʋ size lɩŋgamʋʋ kɛna matʋ sɔsɔtʋ ndʋ pamaɣ tʋ nɛ tɩɖɛɛ tɩcɔɔ lɩm nɛ pɩta ɛzɩ koloŋga yɔ. Pɩkɛ matʋ sɔsɔtʋ tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ pama-ɖɩ nɛ pɩɖɛɛ pɩcɔɔ yaa pɩtɩŋgʋʋna lɩm ɖikpenɖe hɔɔlʋʋ taa kiŋ yaa lɩm ɖɔnɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa yɔ. Pama pʋcɔɔ pɩta nɛ lɩm n̄ɛwɛ hɛkʋ taa.

Pamaɣ lɩŋgamʋʋ size pɩsɩna nɛ pehuu lɩm lone yaa lɩm ɖɩcaɣyɛ nɛ pɩwazɩ nɛ palabɩna pʋ nɛ tʋmɩyɛ. Pɩpɩzʋʋ pɩkɛna lɩm kɩbam mbʋ pɩkɛ kɩn̄ɔn̄ɔm yɔ. Pamaɣ pɩtɛ matʋ sɔsɔtʋ ndʋ lɛ, pɩla size lɩm ɖɩkɔnɛ kiɖe lone pan̄ɩna mbɩ yɔ. Pɩkɛʋna lone nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa lɩm kaa calɩnaʋ lɩʋ paa ɛzɩmta. Lone nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa lɩm kaa mɩzɩnaʋ paa ɖoye.

Lɩŋgamʋʋ kɛna ɖɔɖɔ hɛkʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa papɩzʋʋ pala tʋma ndɩ ndɩ yɔ. Pʋtɔbʋʋ size, lɩŋgamʋʋ kɛna payaʋ nɛ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "industrie" yɔ tʋmɩyɛ lone. Lɩŋgamʋʋ wazʋʋ ɖɔɖɔ siŋŋ kɛ lɩm hoɖe tɛ nazɩyʋ yaa lɩm nazɩyʋ tʋmɩyɛ labʋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa ɛzɩ payaʋ nɛ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "hydroélectricité" yɔ. Pɩtɛ miŋ n̄andʋna paa ɖɩya ŋga lɛ ahoda yaa ɖoo taa kɛ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ wɩsɩ n̄eɖiŋ yɔ.

Lɩm koloŋga sɔsaɣ kɩmamaɣ kanɛ, ka-taa lɩm wazʋʋ siŋŋ nɛ pɔɖɔɔ pɩ-taa kpakpasɩ yaa peɖizi kpakpasɩ. Tobii yem lɛ, pɔɖɔʋ pɩ-tɛ lim taa tɛtɛ wondu yaa tɛtɛ kpɩna wena asɔɔla lɩm taa caʋʋ yɔ. Lɩŋgamʋʋ taa peeɖe pɔn̄ɔɔzʋʋ lɩm kɩpam yaa kʋn̄ɔn̄ɔm kɩlabɩnam kɩfam. Pɩkɛ lɩm mbʋ, pɩwazʋʋ nɛ palabɩna paa ɛbɛ pʋ-tʋ.

Kedeŋa yaa ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ cɩnɛɛ lɛ, lɩŋgamɩŋ nɩyɩ wɛɛ nɛ paya-ɩ size Castors tɛ lɩŋgamɩŋ. Lɩm tɛɛ tʋmɩyɛ labʋnaʋ lɩŋgamʋʋ yaa lɩm tɛɛ sʋzʋʋ lɩŋgamʋʋ kɛ paya yaa pɛcɛla hɩla ndɩ ndɩ nayɛ. Hɩla ana yɔ : Pɔɔ kideŋ yaa lɩm kideŋ (chaussée), nɛ nɔnɔɔ kiɖe (seuil) ɖɔɖɔ yaa lɩm kamanaʋ yaa lɩm koloŋga (digue).

Lɩm koloŋga yaa kɩ-kamanaʋ hɩɖɛ ɖɩnɛ kɛ sakɩyɛ cɛlʋʋ size paya lɩŋgamʋʋ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ pacaɣ size pɔn̄ɔzɩ yaa paɖaɣnɩ mɛlɛ waa ɖɔnɛ taa yaa nʋmɔʋ taalɛ. Lɩŋgamɩŋ matʋ taa lɛ, sakɩyɛ wɛkʋʋ nɛ ɛtɛŋ ɖɔɖɔ ɛn̄ɔzʋʋ ageeta yaa ajɛɛ pɩlɩɩna ɛkʋkʋyɩmɩŋ ɛtɛ ɖoŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa.
Maadiriidi

Maadiriidi kɛna Ɛsɩpaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ suzɔtʊ nɛ ndʊ kɩlɩna walanɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ nɛ pɩnaɣ 2014 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ ŋgʊ yɔ ɛyaa mba panaa yɔ pɛkpɛndaa miliyɔɔnaa looɖo nɛ hɔɔlʊʊ (6 500 000). Eerɔpʊ tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ taa payɩ lɛ, ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa lɛ, Lɔndrɩ nɛ Pɛrɩlɛɛ pa-wayɩ lɛ Maadiriidi tɩŋgʊna. 

Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ landammm taa maɣna ɛkɩtaarɩnaa 60 800 yaa kilomɛtanaa 608. Maadiriidi tɛtʊ taa kɛ komina tuma sɔsɔna wɛɛ, peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ kewiyaɣ kpelaɣ wɛɛ nɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa ñɩŋga wɛɛ. Tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa kɛ keteŋga kpeekpe ɛsɩyɛ ekpena tʊmɩyɛ kpelaɣ sɔsɔɣa wɛɛ nɛ tʊma ndɩ  ndɩ naayɛ ɖɔɖɔ ñɩnzɩ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa tʊma sɔsɔna nayɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ Telefónica, Repsol nɛ Iberia. 

Ɛzɩ ajɛya lɛɛna taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ lɛɛtʊ yɔ, Maadiriidi tɛtʊ nɛ ajɛyaa naayɛ taa ñɩndʊ paɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ palakɩ tʊma kʊɖʊma. Maadiriidi nɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ ndʊ palakɩ tʊma yɔ tɩkpɛnda hiuwaa naatozo (30). Payaɣ Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ kɩfalʊ se Manuela Carmena (AM) nɛ ɛpaazɩɣ tɩ-yɔɔ cɔnɑʊ yɔ pɩnaɣ 2015 nɛ ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ tɛŋ pɩnaɣ 2019 taa.
Maalii

**Maalii** kɛna Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ajɛya wena acɔ-ɖɩ nɛ ata yɔ ana yɔ: hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Moritaanii nɛ Alzeerii, wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Niizɛrɩ, hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Purkina Fasoo nɛ Kotidivuwari, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊy ɛ taa lɛ Senegaalɩ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Kiinee. 

Ɖooo kiɖe tɛɛ lɛ, Senegalɩ kɛ anasayɩnaa kakpacayaɣ nɛ ɖɛfɛɛɛ ɖɛfɛɛɛ lɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ Maalii. F[ransɩɩ] ɛjaɖɛ kpacayaɣna-ɖɩ nɛ Fransɩɩ ŋgʊ kɩkpɛndɩ kɩ-ajɛya nɛ kɩya se Lɩm-Pɔɔ-Kʊkuyaɣ. [Kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ 18 pɩnaɣ 1888 kɛ  Lɩm-Pɔɔ-Kʊkuyaɣ ŋga papaɣsa-kɛ yaʊ se Sudanɩ Fransɩ ŋ̃ɩŋgʊ. Pɩlaba mbʊ lɛ pasɩɩ Galliéni pʊcɔ nɛ Louis Archinard kɔɔ ɛlɛɣzɩ-ɩ.

Salaŋ fenaɣ 22 pɩnaɣ 1960 kɛ Maalii mʊ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ caɣʊ. Maalii kɩɖaʊ kɛtɛɛka wɛna tɔlʊm naputozo: tɩŋ hatʊ ñɩmbʊ, sʊtʊ-lɩm nɛ kɩsɛɛmɩm.

Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa kpɛnda miliyɔɔnaa 15 nɛ akeeta wɛ ndɩ ndɩ: Pambaraawaa, Poobɔŋwaa, Poozɔwaa, Toogɔŋwaa, Kasɔŋgewaa, Malɩnkewaa, Miniyankawaa, Fɩlandɩnaa, Senufowaa,Sonɩnkewaa, Sɔnɖayɩwaa, Kpankurumwaa nɛ Mɛrʊmɛrʊwaa.

Fransɩɩ kɛna pa-kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pawɩlɩɣ sukili taa yɔ ɛlɛ Pambara kɛ ɛyaa kɩlɩɣ yɔɔdɩɣ.
Peeɖe tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ yɔ Pamakoo.
Maarɩsɩ

Maarɩsɩ (kɩɖaʊ: ) kɛna wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga nɛ tɩyɩŋga kanɛ ŋga kɛŋna naanza ŋga nzɩ sɩñɔtɩna wɩsɩ yɔ.  Wɩsɩ cɔɔʊʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩnzɩ litoozo kpeekpe taa lɛ Maarɩsɩ kɛŋna naalɛ ŋga yʊŋ hɩlɩmaɣ tɔm taa nɛ paɣlɩka ɖɔɖɔ.

Wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga kanɛ koposina wɩsɩ ɛzɩ 1,381 nɛ 1,666 UA (pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩtalɩɣ kilomɛtanaa miiliyɔɔnaa 206,6 nɛ 249,2. Maarɩsɩ kpayaɣ hɛkʊ cɔʊ taa talɩ ɛzɩ afema 686,71 yɔ. 

Ɛzɩ Mɛɛrkiiri, Feniisɩ nɛ Tɛtʊ yɔ, tɩyɩnga kanɛ kɔ-yɔɔ  nɛ tɛtʊ. Wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga ŋga payaɣ se Tɛtʊ yɔ, tɩkɩla Maarɩsɩ kɛ yʊŋ hɩlɩmaɣ ɛzɩ tam hiu yɔ ɛlɛ tɩyɩŋga kanɛ kakɩla fenaɣ hɩlɩmaɣ ɛzɩ tam hiu ɖɔɖɔ.   

Ɖooo ɛzɩ pɩkpaɣʊ yɔ ñɩnɩyaa mba pɔsɔɔla wɩsɩ cɔɔu taŋgalam yɔ pɩ-tɛ wɛɖɩʊ nɛ pɩlakasɩ yɔ paha tɩyɩŋga Maarɩsɩ nɛ ɛsɛ pɩkɩlɩ tɩyɩnzɩ lɛɛsɩ nzɩ paa-anɩ ɛzɩma yɔ. Tɩyɩŋga kanɛ kanɛ tɛtʊ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga ŋga ɛyaa wɛ ka-taa yɔ, Tɛtʊ, pɛwɛna ɖama kpaɣʊʊ mbʊ yɔ  pɩɖɔɔ pɩtɩɩfɛyɩ. 

Pɩnaɣ 2008 taa ñɩnɩyaa loyuu kiluzuu ŋgʊ pañɩnɩʊna lɩm nɛ cukaŋ yɔ, kɩwɩlaa se tɩyɩŋga Maarɩsɩ taa wɛ lɩm ɖomba pɩtɛɛ nɛ pɩtakɩlɩ cukaŋ. Panɛ ɖomba ana kɛ Fasititasɩ Poriyalisi tɛtʊ taa. 

Salaŋ fenaɣ 28 pɩnaɣ 2015 Naza ñɩna nɛ kɩna se wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋa Maarɩsɩ taa nɛ anaam nabʊyʊ nɛ payaɣ-pʊ se Soomiirɩ nɛ kɩ-taa nɛ ñɩm ndɩ ndɩ ɛzɩ Kloratɩ nɛ Pɛrɩkloratɩ mbʊ pɩwɛ mañeziyɔmɩ taa yɔ pɩtasɩna pɛɗikɩloratɩ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ sodɩyɔmɩ taa yɔ nɛ pizidina  lɩm pazɩ.
Madakasɩkarɩ

**Madakasɩkarɩ** kɛna tɛtʊ ñabɩ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tu nɛ pɩta yɔ.Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛna Afririka nɛ hadɛ kiŋ. Keteŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ tɛtʊ ñabɩ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ nɛ pɩta yɔ tɩ-taa lɛ, Madakasɩkarɩ kɛna kagbanzɩ ndʊ malanzɩ taa. Kacalaɣ ñɩndʊ yɔ Ositiralii, pʊwayɩ lɛ Kurowelandɩ, Papuwazi-Kiinee-Kɩfalʊʊ nɛ Pɔrɩnewo.

Ɛjaɖɩ nɖɩ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa maɣna 590 000 km2 nɛ kɩ-ɖalakiŋ taa lɛ kilomɛtanaa 1 580, kɩ-tobuu taa lɛ kilomɛtanaa 580. Tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ hɩɖɛ kɔyɔ Antananariivo n; liidiye nɖɩ pɔtɔkɩ yɔ nɖɩ lɛ ariyari. Tɛtʊ ñabɩ ntʊyʊ cɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ata. Ana yɔ: Morisi, Seyisɛɛlɩ, Komɔɔrɩ nɛ Rewiniyɔɔ. Pɛtɛyɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ tam looɖo taa: Antananariivo yaa tananariivi, Antisiranana yaa Tɩyɛɛgo-Suyarɛzɩ, Fiyanarantiswa, Mahazaŋga yaa Mazʊŋga, Tuwamasina yaa Tamatavɩ nɛ Toliyara yaa Tuleyarɩ.

Malɩkaasɩ kɛna pa-kʊnʊŋ. Ɛyaa ɛzɩ nɛɛlɛ kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ yɔɔdɩɣna fransɩ. 
Madakasɩkari tɛtʊ ñʊʊtʊ yɔ Hery Rajaonarimampianina.
Maka

Maka kɛna Arabii-Sahʊditi ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ nɛ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ nɛ teŋu ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Pɔɔ Kɩsɛɛmaɣ yɔ nɛ kilomɛtanaa 80. Malɩŋ cɔlɔ lɛ peeɖe palʊla ɛsɔ tiiyu weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Mohamet yɔ nɛ pɩɩkɛ pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ looɖo taa. Maka kɛna-wɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɖenɖe pɩkɛna kɩcɛyʊ kɛ paa malʊʊ ŋgʊ lɛ se kɩɖɔ nʊmɔʊ kɩɖeɖeu nɛ payaɣ elewu kɛ pɛ nɛ pɩwayɩ lɛ pasʊlɩmɩ Ala kɛ ñɩm mbʊ pɔsɔɔla yɔ. Paaɖɔŋ pa-nʊmɔʊ kiɖeɖeu lɛ, pɔcɔʊ pɩyɛ kiɖeɖeye naɖɩyɛ nɛ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Kaaba nɛ kɩwɛ mɔsikee ŋgʊ payaɣ se Masjid Al-Haram yɔ (pʊtɔbʊ se mɔsikee kiɖeɖeu). 

Malɩŋ cɔlɔ lɛ pɩtɛ sɔnzɩ nzɩ sɩñɔ pɔ-cɔzɔ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Ibrahim yɔ ɛ-cɔlɔ nɛ pɩtaha nɔɔyʊ nʊmɔʊ se ɛñɔtɩna Kaaba ŋgʊ yee ɛtɛkɛ malʊʊ kɔyɔ. Malɩŋ tɛ paɣtʊ taa lɛ pɩkɛna paa malʊ ŋgʊ lɛ kɩjɛyʊ se kɩɖɔ nɔmɔʊ kiɖeɖeu ŋgʊ tam kʊɖʊmbʊ e-wezu taa yee ɛpɩzʊ kɔyɔ. Maka tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ Arabii-Sauditi nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa nɛ tɩwɛ Hɛjajɩ nɛ Aziri pɛ-hɛkʊ taa. Teŋu kidiiliŋ ŋga payaɣ-kʊ se Ceda yɔ kiposina tɛtʊ ndʊ nɛ kilomɛtanaa ɛzɩ 80 yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 2012 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊ lɛ ɛyaa kpɛnda 1 547 360. 

Tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩɖɛɣʊ nɛ ɛsɩnda kpem yɔ pɩlɩɣna nɔmɔʊ kiɖeɖeu ŋgʊ malɩŋ ɖɔŋ paa pɩnaɣ ŋga yɔ. Peeɖe ɛyaa pɩzɩɣ patalɩ miliyɔɔnaa naalɛ pɩkɩlɩna alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Ramadaŋ fenaɣ talɩɣ lɛ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛyaa lɩɣna ajɛya ndɩ ndɩ se powoki atima. Malɩŋ wokɩɣ maka yɔ papɩsɩɣ nɛ pekpe lɛ papɩsa aljiwaa yaa pɩkɛ halaa kɔyɔ papɩsɩʊ aziyawaa. Maka wobu wɛ kaɖɛ; pɩpɔzʊ liidiye siŋŋŋ. 

Pɩnaɣ 2012 taa Malɩŋ weyi ewoba yɔ pamaɣna ɛzɩ milɩyɔɔnaa naatozo ɖeke yɔ, ŋgʊ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ malɩŋ tala ɛzɩ miliyari kʊɖʊmʊ nɛ hɔɔlʊʊ yɔ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se Malɩŋ mɩnʊʊ yɔɔ lɛ, 0,2 ɖeke wobina-kʊ. Kaaba kɩ-kʊyɩmɩŋ taa maɣna mɛtanaa hiu nɛ kagbanzɩ (15) nɛ Malɩŋ tɔŋ se kacalaɣ weyi ɛsɔ lɩza nɛ paya-ɩ se Adam ɛnʊ ɛmana kaaba ŋgʊ nɛ pʊcɔ Ibrahim nɛ ɛ-pɩyalʊ Ismaïl.
Malɩŋ Ɛsɔ Sɛtʋ Kuduyuu

Malɩŋ Ɛsɔ Sɛtʋ Kuduyuu kɛna arabɩ kʋnʋŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa, «Malɩŋ Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ agɔlɔma ɖijayɛ lone». Malɩŋ Ɛsɔ Sɛtʋ Kuduyuu ŋgʋ payaɣ-kʋ size Masjid al-Haram. Kuduyuu ŋgʋ kɩ-kɛna Malɩŋ Ɛsɔ Sɛtʋ Kuduyuu kiɖeɖeu. Kɩwɛ Mɛɛkɩ tɛtʋ taa kɛ Arabi saʋdiiti taa. Malɩŋ Ɛsɔ Sɛtʋ Kuduyuŋ matʋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, Kuduyuu kʋnɛ kɩkɩlɩna walʋʋ nɛ paɣlʋ kedeŋa kanɛ kɔyɔ.

Ɛsɔ Sɛtʋ Kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ ŋgʋ ki-lone kɛna ɖɔɖɔ kɔɔnɔɔ lone kiɖeɖeɣ kɛ malɩŋ Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ. Malɩŋ Ɛsɔ Sɛtʋ Kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ ŋgʋ, kɩ-hɛkʋ taa ɖeyi ɖeyi ɖinaɣ Kaaba. Kʋkʋ yɔ peɖe lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ size pɛlɛka pɩyɛ pindimm kɩkpɛdɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ. Pɩyɛ nɖɩ, paa malʋʋ ɛsɔ sɛyʋ weyi lɛ, pɩɩwɛnayɩ size e-ɖukina-ɖɩ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ powoki kpalaaʋ yɔ.

Malɩŋ Ɛsɔ Sɛtʋ tisuu nɛ tɩ-luuzuu Ɛsɔ tɛɛ lɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, pɛ-ɛsɔ sɛtʋ tɔm lɩwa pileɖa. Nɛ Ɛsɔ tɛ tiyaa lɩzana sɛtʋ ndʋ nɛ pɩcɔ kedeŋa kpeekpe naɣ wɩsɩ. Allah pɛ-ɛsɔ sɛtʋ hɩɖɛ tiyina sɛtʋ ndʋ nɛ e-tiyaa. Malɩŋ maɣzɩm taa lɛ, tiyaa mana Kaaba nɛ pɩwayɩ lɛ Adam weyi ɛkɛ kajala ɛyʋ yɔ. Wayɩ wayɩ n̄ɩnʋ weyi pɩɖɩɣnayɩ Kaaba maʋʋ yɔ, ɛlɛ lɛ Abraham.
Mandarɛɛ kʊnʊŋ

**Mandarɛɛ** kɩtɩzɩnaʊ Siini kɛlɛʊ, sɔnzɩ tɛ Sinii, matʊ taa lɛ, kɩ-kɛ ɖama tɛ kʊnʊŋ yaa Han waa tɛ kʊnʊŋ. Mandarɛɛ kʊnʊŋ kɛ Sinii ɛjaɖɛ tɛ kewiyaɣ kʊnʊŋ, Tayɩwanɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ Sɛŋgapuuri ɛjaɖɛ taa. Pʊyɔɔ lɛ, kɩ-wɛna yɔɔdaɣ tɛ paɣtʊ nɛ tɔm cɔɔlʊʊ tɛ paɣtʊ. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ- kʊ pɩtɛ lɛ, pawɩlɩʊ-kʊ sukuuli na taa.
  
Paapɩzɩɣ pesidi-kʊ nɛ Mandarɛɛ ŋgʊ kɩ-maɣmɑɣ, wade : ganhua kewiyaɣ tɛ kʊnʊŋ. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ nɛ Hayi kɩŋ nɛ hɛkʊ taa nɛ Hadɛ Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa Sinii kedeŋga taa.
 
Sɩnuwa Mandarɛɛ ŋgʊ payaɣ tam se Sɩnuwa yɔ kɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe taa yɔ pɩlɩna Sinii samaɣ tɛ ɖɔʊ cɔlɔ nɛ Sinii tɛ ɛyaa mɩzɩ ajɛyɛ lɛɛna taa nɛ tadɩyɛ labʊ nɛ Sinii ɛjaɖɛ nɛ kɩ-tɛ kpaka huu nɛ Sinii ɛsakuliye hɔɔlʊʊ taa.

Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, yee pa sɔnɔ pawɩlɩɣ Mandarɛɛ kʊnʊŋ Sɩnuwa tɩŋga yɔ, Sɩnuwa waa akpadɩyaa ɛyɔɔdʊʊ Mandarɛɛ kʊnʊŋ pa-tɩŋnɛ. Ɛlɛ, Mandarɛɛ tɛ yɔɔdɔɔsɩ yaa Sɩnuwa waa tɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ ɛzɩ Kantɔnɛ yaa Shanghaien (Han waa tɛ kʊnʊŋ) yaa kʊnʊmɩŋ agbela lɛɛna ɛzɩ weyi pɔyɔɔdɩ-ɩ ɛyaa tɩmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa Sinii, Tibétain nɛ Mongol nɛ Mandchou nɛ Tadjik nɛ Ouigour…
    
Mandarɛɛ, Sinii samaɣ ɛjaɖɛ tɛ kpɛndɛ ŋgbɛ ñʊntɩna tɔŋ se kɩ-kɛ ɖama hɛkʊʊ taa kʊnʊŋ pɛ-tɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Pʊyɔɔ yɔ payaɣ-kʊ se samaɣ kʊnʊŋ, kɩ-kɛ kajalaɣ Sinii ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Hayi nɛ kewiyaɣ tɛ kʊnʊŋ.
 
Paa kɩwɛna ɖɔɖɔ  ɖooo canaʊ tɔm kɩmamatʊ yɔ, kɩ-talɩna Sɩnuwa cɔlɩɩ ŋgʊ cɔlɔ, matʊ nɛ lʊbʊtʊ. Kʊnɛ nɩyɔ peyeba-kʊ pɩnaɣ 1919 Guomindang kewiyaɣ nɛ Sinii ɛjaɖɛ alɩwaatʊ taa. Pʊwayi pɛtɛm-kʊ labɩnaʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɛzɩ kewiyaɣ takayaasɩ taa kʊnʊŋ nɛ kʊnʊŋ kɩmamaʊ pɩnzɩ kudokiŋ nɩɩlɛ nɛ pʊyɔɔ mbʊ lɛ, kɩpɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ kɛlɛʊ ɛzɩ Mandarɛɛ tɩŋgʊ mbʊ yɔ.
Maputo

Maputo kɛna Moozambiki ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ nɛ tɩkɛna ɖɔɖɔ Afrika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ natʊyʊ. Ɛndɩ teŋgu wadɩɣ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-yɔɔ nɛ tɩna Afrika nɛ Hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ pazɩna ɖama kamɑɣ ɛzɩ kimlomɛtanaa 77 yɔ. Payaɣʊ se Maputo yɔ, ɖooo lɛlaɣ fenaɣ 3 pɩnaɣ 1976 taa; payaɣa se Telagowa.

Ɖooo lɛ Maputo kaakɛŋna teŋʊ naalɛ ŋgʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-yɔɔ tuuɖe taa wondu kɩlaɣ kʊm yɔ kɛ Afrika kpeekpe taa; kacalaɣ ñɩŋgʊ lɛ Turibaŋ. Mbʊ pakɩlʊ pɛdɩɣ nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna yɔ mbʊ lɛ: pɩzatʊ, sikiri, kromiiti, taŋgbak nɛ nikaɣ tokonaa. 

Pɩnaɣ 1858 paakalɩ ɛyaa lɛ, paakpɛnda ɛyaa 888 ɖeke nɛ pa-taa lɛ yomaa kaakɩla ɛzɩ 400 yɔ, pɩnzɩ hiu wayɩ lɛ, ɛyaa kaawɛ 2 401 nɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ lɛ ɛyaa kʊlʊmaa kaawɛ ɛzɩ 90 yɔ; pɩnaɣ 1920 taa lɛ ɛyaa kɩkpɛɛda kaaɖɔɔ nɛ pɛkpɛnda 9 445 nɛ kʊlʊmaa kɛ 8 304. Pɩnaɣ 2007 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ lɛ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 1 099 102 yɔ ɛlɛ yee pɛkpɛndɩna ageeta wena acɔ tɛtʊ ndʊ nɛ ataa yɔ ɛyaa ɖɛ ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa naalɛ yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 2008 taa patasɩ-wɛ kalʊʊ lɛ, ɛyaa kpɛnda 1 870 000. 

Kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pɔyɔɔɖɩɣ peeɖe yɔ ɛnʊ lɛ: Pɔrɩtiigɛɛ, ikisizaŋganaa, rɔŋga, sopii nɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ nɩyɛ. Payaɣ Maputo malika yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ kɩfalʊ se David Simango (Frelimo).
Marcel Proust

Ɖajaa Marcel Proust hɩɖɛ maɣmaɣ kɛlɛ se: Valentin Louis Georges Eugène Marcel. Palʋla-ɩ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ taa kɩyakʋ hiu (10) wiye pɩnaɣ 1871 taa Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ Paarii taa. Nɛ ɛsɩ peeɖe aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ lutozo (18) wiye pɩnaɣ 1922 taa. 

Marcel Proust ñɩma kɛlɛ mba pe-nisi tɛɛ wɛɛ ñɩm camɩyɛ yɔ. Ɛ-caa kɛ Paarii sukuli sɔsɔʋ taa wɩlɩyʋ nɛ ɛwɩlɩɣ ɖakʋta sukuli. Marcel Proust kɛna ɛyʋ weyi ɛtɛ alafɩya wɛ tɔtɔsɩɩɩ yɔ; mbʋ pʋ-yɔɔ yɔ ɖooo ɛ-pɩcatʋ taa ɛkawɛna kamaɣ kʋtɔŋ. Ɛ-pɩcatʋ taa ɛcakaɣ luɖaa nɛ takayasɩ mayaa cɔlɔ kpeɖem, mbʋ yebina nɛ ɛkatɩ nesi tɛɛ tʋmalaɖaa sakɩyɛ nɛ pɩsɩna-ɩ nɛ ɛpɩsɩ tanaʋ tʋ. E-tomnaɣ taa fɛyɩ leleŋ mbʋ yɔ lɛ, ɛtapɩzɩ nɛ ehiu tʋmɩyɛ ɖoŋ nɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Pɩnaɣ 1900 taa lɛ, eyele takayasɩ maʋ tɔm nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ yɛlɩʋ ajɛya taa se ɛla anjaʋnaa lɩzʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ. Ɛɛwɛɛ nɛ ɛsɔɔlʋ se ɛtɩŋ John Ruskin naŋgbanzɩ taa. Ewoba Feeniizi nɛ Padoue tɛtʋ taa. Ɛma takayasɩ cabɩ John Ruskin yɔɔ nɛ ɛlɩzɩ nasɩyɛ tɔbɩŋ.
Marco Polo

Marco Polo kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Itaalii yɔ ɖɩ-tɛtʋ taa tʋ. Salaŋ fenaɣ tɛ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ kagbanzɩ (15) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye palʋla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1254 n̄ɩŋga taa. Egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa palʋla-ɩ yɔɔ payaɣ size Venise, ɖɩwɛ Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe.

Ɛsɩba kɔlaɣ fenaɣ taa efemiye nutozo (8) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa peeɖe e-egeetiye kʋlʋlɩyɛ kʋɖʋmɖɩyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ size Venise yɔ, ɖɩ-taa peeɖe pɩnaɣ 1324 n̄ɩŋga taa. Ɛsɩkaɣ lɛ, ɛkawɛna pɩnzɩ hiŋ loɖo nɛ nakʋ (69) mbɩ yɔ. Ɖajaa Marco Polo ɛnɛ, ɛkɛna tadɩyɛ tʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ sɛwa nɛ ɖɩ-tɛ ɖɩkʋyɩ siŋŋ takayaɣ kanɛ kɔyɔ : Camɩyɛ samm labʋ takayaɣ. Ɛn̄ɩnʋʋ tɔm pama takayaɣ kanɛ kan̄ʋʋ yɔ.

Takayaɣ kanɛ, ŋga sɩnana n̄ɩnɩyaa nɛ patɩlɩ Azii ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ anasaayɩ waa tɛ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔ tʋ taa. Pʋyɔɔ peeɖe wabɩtʋ sɔsɔtʋ lɩnaɣ ɖɔɖɔ kpem. Ɛ-caa payaɣ size Niccolò nɛ e-ekpele lɛ Maffeo. 

Tovonum taa lɛ, ɛtɛkɛ anasaayɩ waa tɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa kɔɔnaɣ pɩɣa ŋga kowoba nɛ katalɩ Siini ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ yɔ. Mbʋ yɔ, ɖajaa sɔsɔ Christophe Colomb kɛna kajalaɣ tʋ. Ɛlɛ, ɖajaa Marco polo tʋma kpaɖa pazɩ kajalaɣ tʋ ɛnɛ nɛ nʋmɔʋ woɖaa lalaa. 
File:Marco Polo traveling.JPG|thumb|Marco Polo travelling, Miniature from the Book "The Travels of Marco Polo" ("Il milione")
File:Caravane Marco Polo.jpg|thumb|La caravane de Marco Polo voyageant vers les Indes.
File:Marco Polo - costume tartare.jpg|thumb|Marco Polo - costume tartare
Marie Curie

Palʊla **Marie Curie** (ɛ-hɩɖɛ sɔsɔyɛ kɛlɛ se: **Maria Salomea Skłodowska** herbu Dołęga) aloma fenaɣ lʊbɛ ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1867 kɛ Farsoovii, Pɔlɔɔñɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛsɩba hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ 4 wiye pɩnaɣ 1934 kɛ sanatorium de Sancellemoz, kɩwɛ Passy, Haute-Savoie kɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛkɛ fiziki tʋ nɛ chimiste kɛ Pologne ɛjaɖɛ taa, nɛ ɛpɩsɩ ɛ-tɩ kɛ fransɩɩ tʊ.

Payaɣ ɛ-walʊ se Pierre Curie; ɛ-na-ɩ pamʊ ñɩnya tɛ samtʊ nimiye naɖɩyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1903 nɛ paya-ɖɩ se Prix Nobel de physique. Hɔɔlʊʊ lɛɛkʊ lɛ, Henri Becquerel ñamʊna-kʊ. Nima ana, pɩlɩna pa-tʊma wena palaba nɛ pɩlɩɩna pa-tʊma kɛ radiations waa yɔɔ yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1911 lɛ, e-ɖeke ɛmʊ samtʊ nimiye lɛɛɖɛ nɛ ɖɩɖɩ lɛ prix Nobel de chimie pɩlɩɩna ɛ-tʊma kɛ polonium nɛ radium pɔ-yɔɔ. E-ɖekɛ ɛkɛna halaa taa halʊ weyi ɛmʊ samtʊ nima naalɛ kɛ hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩlɛ taa yɔ. ɛ-wayɩ lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ ɖɔɖɔ Linus Pauling weyi ɛlɛ mʊ chimie tɛ samtʊ nimiye naɖɩyɛ nɛ paya-ɖɩ se prix Nobel de chimie pɩnaɣ 1954 pɩtasɩna laŋhɛzɩyɛ samtʊ nimiye pɩnaɣ1962; ɖɩɖɩ lɛ Prix Nobel de la paix. Marie Curie kɛna halʊ weyi ɛkɛna kacalaɣ-tʊ halaa taa se ɛna ɛ-walʊ pamʊ samtʊ sɩka lɩyʊʊ nɛ pɩlɩɩna pa-tʊma kɛ radium yɔɔ yɔ nɛpayaɣ-kʊ se médaille Davy yɔ.

Paa ɛɛpɩsa ɛ-tɩ fransɩɩ tʊ nɛ pɩlɩɩna ɛ-walɩtʊ yɔɔ kɔyɔ, Marie Curie tɔsɔɔ ɖenɖe ɛlɩnaa yɔ. Ɛsɩma mbʊ se ɛkɛ Pɔlɔɔñɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tʊ nɛ ɛkpɛlɛka e-pɛlaa kɛ Pɔlɔɔñɩ kʊnʊŋ nɛ paa ɛzɩmtaa lɛ, ewokina-wɛ peeɖe ɖɔŋ ɖoŋ. Payaɣ heelim mbʊ se Polonium yɔ, Marie Curie lɩzɩna-ɖɩ nɛ ɛɛsɔɔla camɩyɛ mbʊ se ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ hɩɖɛ ɛsɛɛ.
Malawii

**Malawii** kɛna Afrika nɛ haɖɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ Moozambiiki, Sambii nɛ Tanzanii pɛ-hɛkʊ taa.

Ɖooo lɛ, Pɔrɩtigaalɩ mba kaakɛna anasayɩwaa mba paalɛɣ wobu peeɖe yɔ. Pɩɩkɛna alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa pɛpɛdaɣ yomaa yɔ, nɛ cɔɔcɩ ŋgʊ payaɣ se presipiteri yɔ kɩtʊlɩ ɛsɔ sɛtʊ kpaamɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ se pɩhʊʊ ɛlɛ pɩɩsaŋ. 

Pɔritigalɩ wayɩ lɛ Piritaaniki mba kpacayaɣna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ. Pʊkɔma pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1962 lɛ kɩmʊ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ. Banda kɛ komina ñʊʊtʊ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kacalaɣ wiye pɩnaɣ 1963 ɛlɛ Piritaaniki mba cɔŋnana liidiye nɛ tɔsʊʊ yɔɔ, sɔɔjanaa nɛ ɖiu ɖiu caɣʊ yɔɔ pɩtasɩna  tɔm hʊʊ ɖeɖe. Pɩtalɩɣ hasɩ yaɖɛ fenaɣ looɖo pɩnaɣ 1964 kɛ Malawii mʊ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ sɩŋŋŋ. 

Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɖiu ɖiu caɣʊ kɔma nɛ pɩwɛɛ lɛ, paɖʊ paɣtʊ se pɩnzɩ nanza wayɩ kɛ palɛzʊ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ. Pɩnaɣ 2004 paɖʊza takayasɩ lɛ palɩzɩ Bingu wa Mutharika se ɛkɛna peeɖe ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ. Pɩkɔma pɩtasɩ ɖʊzʊʊ pɩnaɣ 2009 ɛlɛ patasɩ-ɩ lɩzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ.

Ɛsɩba ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naalɛ pɩnaɣ 2012 nɛ ɛ-tɛɛ tʊ weyi payaɣ se Joyce Banda. Peter Mutharika yɔ ɛlɛɣzɩ-ɩ. Pɩkɔma paɖʊzɩ takayasɩ ɛlɛ  Bingu wa Mutharika ɖalʊ kpaɣ kpelaɣ agoza fenaɣ 31 pɩnaɣ 2014.
Malebo

Malebo kɛna lɩŋgamʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Koŋgo Pɔɔ kɛ-tɛ nɛ  pɩ-tɛɛ kiŋ. Yee pakpaɣ ɛzɩ kuduyuu nɔnɔɔ kɔyɔ, Malebo lɩŋgamʊʊ kʊnɛ kɩ-ɖaalakɩŋ sɔsɔŋ kitibiŋ taa wɛ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 35 yɔ nɛ kɩ-ɖaalakɩŋ weyi ɛlɛ kaɣa yɔ ɛlɛ wɛ kilomɛtanaa 23; walanzɩ landammm taa lɛ, pɩkɩla ɛzɩ kɩlomɛtanaa 400.

Kɔŋgoo ajɛya tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ ndʊ tɩ-natʊlɛ (Kɔŋgo Kinsasa nɛ Kɔŋgo Pirazaaviili) wɛ Malebo lɩngamʊʊ cemeŋje. Ɖooo lɛ payaɣa lɩŋgamʊʊ ŋgʊ se Nkundaa. Kɔŋgoo ɛjaɖɛ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ, pʊcɔ nɛ ɛyʊ talɩ Kiisaŋganii nɛ kpɩyʊʊ lɛ, ɛpɩzʊ ɛtɩŋna Mbandaka nɛ Makanza. Lɩŋgamʊʊ kʊnɛ kɩ-hɛkʊ taa nɛ tɛtʊ natʊyʊ nɛ payaɣ-tʊ se Pamʊʊ. Malebo tɔbʊʊ se pɔʊ sɔsɔʊ. Peeɖe pɔŋ sɔsɔŋ kaawɛ nɛ ɩcɔɔ pɔsɩ nzɩ nɛ pɩta.
Marilyn Monroe

Marilyn Monroe kɛ halʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛkɛ Amerika ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa tʋ. Palʋla-ɩ mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ taa kɩyakʋ kajalaɣ (1) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye kɛ pɩnaɣ 1926 n̄ɩŋga taa.

Egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa palʋla-ɩ yɔ, nɖɩ payaɣ size Los Angeles. Ɖoɖoo Marilyn Monroe ɛnɛ, ɛsɩba Los Angeles egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ taa kɩyakʋ kagbanzɩ (5) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye pɩnaɣ 1962 n̄ɩŋga taa. Ɖoɖoo sɔsɔ Marilyn Monroe kɛ lakɩyaɣ tʋmɩyɛ laɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ Amerika nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa. Eteu ɖɔɖɔ wendu pɩtatɩɩ fɛyɩ naʋ.

Amerika ɛjaɖɛ halʋ sɔsɔ ɛnɛ, eteu wendu ɛzɩ ɔgɔlɩmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ yɔ. Ɛ-nɔɔ taa wɛ leleŋ pɩfɛyɩ pɔyɔɔdɩ. Ɛkɛ halʋ weyi ɛsɔɔla aleɣya pɩtatɩfɛyɩ naʋ siŋŋ yɔ.

Ɛkɩlaa lʋbʋʋ kpeɖem ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ taa.
Mark Twain

Mark Twain hɩɖɛ keekee kɛlɛ Samuel Langhorne Clemens. Ɖajaa sɔsɔ Mark Twain kɛ Amerika ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa tʋ. Ɖajaa ɛnɛ, ɛfɛyɩ felendu kaʋ. Palʋla-ɩ kamɩŋ fenaɣ taa kɩyakʋ hiŋ naadozo (30) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye pɩnaɣ 1835 n̄ɩŋga taa.

E-egeetiye kʋlʋlɩyɛ payaɣ size Florida egeetiye. Egeetiye nɖɩ, ɖɩwɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ ndʋ payaɣtʋ size Missouri yɔ tɩ-taa Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa peeɖe. Ɛkɛ n̄amtʋ pɩɣa ɛ-taabalaa nɛ samaɣ ŋga ɛwɛ ka-taa yɔ kɛ-sɩnda. Ɛ-pɩcatʋ taa ɛɛkɛ pɩɣa ŋga kɛwɛ lɛɣtʋ siŋŋ yɔ.

Ɖajaa sɔsɔ Samuel Langhorne Clemens sɩba ɖomaɣ fenaɣ taa kɩyakʋ hiŋ naalɛ nɛ kʋɖʋmʋʋ (21) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye pɩnaɣ 1910 n̄ɩŋga taa. Egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛsɩba yɔ, nɖɩ payaɣ size Redding. Redding tɛtʋ wɛɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ ndʋ payaɣtʋ size Connecticut yɔɔ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa peeɖe. Ɛsɩkaɣ lɛ, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ hiŋ lʋbɛ nɛ pɩtɩnɩ pʋ yɔ pɩnzɩ kagbanzɩ (75) mbʋ yɔ.

Ɖajaa sɔsɔ Mark Twain kɛna maɣzɩm takayasɩ kɩkalasɩ mayʋ tʋmɩyɛ laɖʋ, ɛtɛ ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ, takʋʋ nɛ tɔm ɖɛzʋʋ kʋnʋmɩŋ lɛɛn taa takayasɩ mayʋ sɔsɔ siŋŋ masɩma matʋmɩyɛ tʋ nɔɔyʋ. Ɖajaa sɔsɔ Amerika tʋ ɛnɛ, ɛnʋ kɛnɛ ɖɔɖɔ, aleɣya tanaŋ nɛ woŋa lakasɩ laɖʋ. Ɛlaba sɔjɛɛtʋ tʋmɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ..
Marlene Dietrich

Marie Magdalene Dietrich kɛ halʋ sɔsɔ lɔŋ tʋ ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Caama yɔ ɖɩ-ɛjaɖɛ taa tʋ. Halʋ sɔsɔ ɛnɛ ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛlaba takayɩsɩ nɛ ɛpɩsɩ Amerika ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa pɩɣa. Palʋla-ɩ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ taa kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ lʋbɛ (27) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye pɩnaɣ 1901 n̄ɩŋga taa.

Egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛsɩba yɔ, nɖɩ-ɩ payaɣ size Pɛrɩlɛɛ egeetiye Caama tɛtʋ taa peeɖe. Ɖoɖoo Marie Magdalene ɛnɛ, ɛsɩba agoza fenaɣ taa kɩyakʋ loɖo (6) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye pɩnaɣ 1992 n̄ɩŋga taa. Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ taa ɛsɩba.

Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ ndʋʋ payaɣ size Paarii tɛtʋ. Ɛcalɩna ɛ-tɩ ɖʋzʋʋ minziiki tʋmɩyɛ labʋ taa. Pɩkɔma pɩtalɩ pɩnzɩ 1920 n̄ɩnzɩ pazɩtʋ taa mbʋ yɔ lɛ, ɛha ɛsɛ nɛ maɣzɩm tʋmɩyɛ ɖɩlaɖɛ. Kpakpaɣ mbʋ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɛ-ɖɩɩna labʋ sinimaɣ tʋmɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ.

Ɖoɖoo Marlene ɛnɛ, ɛna Audey nɛ von Sternberg pataabalɩyɛ nʋmaʋ taa palaba filim waa lʋbɛ.

Pʋyɔɔ yɔ paya-ɩ nɛ Fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "Femme Fatale". Pʋwayɩ lɛ, ɛkɛzɩ ɛ-tɩ nɛ tanaʋ filim waa ɖɩlaɖɛ. Ɛna ɛ-taabalaa ndɩ ndɩ. Filim waa nɛ mba ɛna wɛ palaba yɔ pa-taa nabɛyɛ kɔyɔ : ɛna Ernst Lubitsch pe-filim kɛlɛ "Angel" kɛ pɩnaɣ 1937 n̄ɩŋga taa. Ɛna René Clair pala *La Belle Ensorceleuse* tɛ filim kɛ pɩnaɣ 1941 n̄ɩŋga taa yaa Billy Wilder tɛ filim "La Scandaleuse de Berlin" kɛ pɩnaɣ 1948 n̄ɩŋga taa.
Martin Heidegger

26 September 1889 – 26 May 1976

Martin Heidegger kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Caama yɔ ɖɩ-tɛtʋ taa tʋ. Ɛkɛ abalʋ weyi ɛfɛyɩ felendu kpataa yɔ. Ɛsɔɔla n̄ɩnʋʋ paa alɩwaatʋ ndʋ lɛɛ tovonum nʋmɔʋ. Ɛwɛ lɔŋ ɛzɩ pʋyʋ yɔ. Palʋla ɖajaa Martin Heidegger kɩyakʋ hiŋ naalɛ nɛ loɖo (26) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye Salaŋ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1889 n̄ɩŋga taa.

Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʋ cikpetu ndʋ payaɣtʋ size Messkirch yɔ tɩ-taa peeɖe palʋla-ɩ. Ɛkɛ n̄amtʋ pɩɣa ɛ-taabalaa nɛ samaɣ ŋga ɛwɛ ka-taa yɔ kɛ-sɩnda. Ɖajaa Martin ɛnɛ, ɛsɩba agoza fenaɣ taa kɩyakʋ kʋɖʋmʋ ŋgʋ paalʋla-ɩ kɩ-taa yɔ ki-wiye ɖɔɖɔ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ size ɛsɩba evemiye hiŋ naalɛ nɛ loɖo (26) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye Agoza fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1976 n̄ɩŋga taa.

Egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛsɩba yɔ, nɖɩ payaɣ size Fribourg-en-Brisgau Caama ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa peeɖe. Ɖajaa ɛnɛ, e-wezuu caɣʋʋ paza pʋwɛɛna ndɩkʋ kpem. Ɛlakasɩ taa kaawɛ ɛzɩ kpaaŋ tʋ yɔ. Paa lee ŋna-ɩ kɔyɔ, ɛwɛ ɛzɩ weyi pɔtɔ size lɛɣya laba-ɩ yɔ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ size ɛwɛ ɛzɩ e-koobu nɔɔyʋ sɩba yɔ. Mbʋ yɔ, ɛ-lɩmaɣza wɛ lim lim paa ɛzɩm taa. Ɛkɛkɛ pɩɣa ŋga kaawɛ lɛɣtʋ siŋŋ yɔ.

Ɖajaa sɔsɔ Martin Heidegger kɛ filozofii tʋmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʋʋ laɖʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ Caama ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa. Filozofii tʋmɩyɛ laɖʋ payaɣ size filozɔɔfʋ. Filozɔɔfʋ kɛ lɔnzɩnɖɛ tʋ sɔsɔ weyi ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ kɛlɛ size, ɛn̄ɩnɩ ɛyʋ yɔɔ lɔnzɩnɖɛ kpɛlɛkʋʋ yɔ.

Pʋwɛna filozɔɔfʋ siŋŋ  taa lɛ ɛtɩlɩ mbʋ ɛyʋ kɛwa yɔ, nɛ mbʋ ɛyʋ ɛnʋ ɛtɛŋna yɔ. Pɩcɔ nɛ ɖajaa Heidegger paazʋ filozofii tʋmɩyɛ lɛ, ɛcalɩna labʋ ɛtɛ sukili kɩ-tɛzʋʋ ɖajaa sɔsɔ Edmund Husserl cɔlɔ. Peeɖe, ɛpɩza ɛkpɛlɛkɩ mbʋ ɛyʋtʋ kɛ siŋŋ yɔ. Paa weyi ɛkɛ filozɔɔfʋ, ɛlɛ toovonum taa lɛ, ɖajaa ɛnɛ, ɛtɛ n̄ɩŋgʋ wɛ ɖoŋ nɛ yuŋ siŋŋ.
Marthe Robin

Palʊla Marthe Robin kɛ lakɩŋ fenaɣ 13 pɩnaɣ 1902 kɛ Châteauneuf-de-Galaure, Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, nɛ ɛsɩ Lɛlaɣ Fenaɣ 6 pɩnaɣ 1981. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩnzɩ 78 kɛ ɛcaɣ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ cɩnɛ. Marthe Robin kɛna Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ taa sɔdʊʊ sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ. Efezu caɣʊ taa nɛ maamaacinaa sakɩyɛ. Ɛkpaɣ ɛ-tɩ pilim nɛ ɛcɛlɛ Ɛsɔ nɛ ɛnʊ btʊlɩna ɛsɔ sɛtʊ aŋgba wena payaɣ-yɛ se sɔɔlɩm aŋgba yɔ. E-fezuu caɣʊ taa pɩwɛ ɛzɩ ɛnɛ Ɛsɔ pɛwɛna ɛzɩ ɛyaa wɛʊ ɖama cɔlɔ panaɣ ɖama nɛ pɔyɔɔdɩɣna ɖama yɔ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ paa ɛzɩmtaa Ɛsɔ yɔɔdɩɣna-ɩ nɛ Yeesu maɣmaɣ wʊlɩɣ-ɩ ɛtɩ nɛ ɛyɔɔdʊna-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ kaɣlaa. 

Ɛsɩba nɛ pɩla pɩnzɩ looɖo lɛ, powona ɛ-tɔm kɛ Room tɛtʊ kiɖeɖetu taa se pɩwɛ ɛzɩmaa yɔ paɖʊ-ɩ ɛyaa kiɖeɖema taa. Pɩlaba pɩnzɩ nakʊ lɛ, pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩnaɣ 1996, ɛ-tɔm talɩ Papa camɩyɛ siŋŋŋ. Pɩkɔma agoza fenaɣ 6 pɩnaɣ 2010 lɛ, pekpeɣla ɛ-yɔɔ tɔm kɩpandʊ nɛ ɛ-hama lakasɩ kpeekpe nɛ pɩkɔma kamɩŋ fenaɣ lʊbɛ pɩnaɣ 2014 lɛ, paɖʊ-ɩ kiɖeɖema mba poyo you sɔsɔʊ nɛ pawa yɔ pa-taa. 

Weyi ɛlɛɣ yɔɔdʊ se pakpa Mathe Robin kɛ kiɖeɖeu yɔ, ɛnʊ lɛ Layʊ Bernard Peyyrous. Takayaɣ ŋga ɛma ka-taa kɛ Marthe Robin wezu caɣʊ yɔ, ka-taa lɛ, panaɣ se Robin ɛnɛ ɛtɔlɩ kʊdɔŋ kɛ saŋgayɩŋ kacalaɣ wiye pɩnaɣ 1918. Powona-i ɖakʊta lɛ, fada maazaɣ se pɩtatɩlɩ ɛ-ñʊʊtaa kɛ nabʊyʊ laba pazɩ. Kpaagbaa mbʊ lɛ efiini nɛ powona-ɩ pasɩ-ɩ ɖakʊta taa ɖenɖe pɩtaha waɖɛ se ɛyaa ɛsʊʊ se panaɣ-ɩ nɛ payaɣ peeɖe se koma. Ɛla peeɖe kɛ kɩyakɩŋ 40. 

Pɩwayɩ lɛ pɩla ɛzɩ pɩlaba-ɩ sooci pazɩ yɔ. Piteleɖi lɛ, ɖomaɣ yaa agoza fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 1821 taa lɛ, pɩcamɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛyʊlɩmɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Pɩlaba cabɩ lɛ, ɛ-kʊtɔŋ kpa ɖoŋ nɛ ɛ-nɩŋgbanzɩ tɛzɩ sɩbʊ kpaɣ agoza fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1928. Pɩlaba mbʊ lɛ ɛwɛɛ ɛ-ɖɩɣa taa, ɛlɛ pɩɖɩɣzɩ-ɩ nɛ mba pɔcɔ-ɩ nɛ pata yɔ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɔcɔŋna-ɩ se ɛnɩ-wɛ. Ɛzɩma ɛɛpɩzɩɣ ɖɔm yɔ nɛ ɛzɩma ɖɔɖɔ ɛɛtasɩɣ pɩzɩɣ se ɛcɔna mɔŋ yɔ lɛ, pasɩ-ɩ kuduyuu ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛɛ mɩŋ takɩlɩ yɔ kɩ-tɛɛ eɖeke. Peeɖe kɛ ɛwɛɛ nɛ powokina-i Kristu tomnaɣ nɛ ɛ-calɩm.
Marɔkɩ

**Marɔkɩ** kɛna Afrika nɛ hayʊ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ yɔ Raabaa. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa makɩɣna 710 850 km² nɛ pakalɩ ɛyaa kɛ pɩnaɣ 2014 lɛ patalɩ ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa 34 yɔ.

Palaba kɩgalɩʊ kɛ pɩnaɣ 2014 ɛlɛ pana se Maarɔkɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa kpɛnda miliyɔɔnaa 33,8. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ talɩ ɛzɩ hiuwaa naatozo yɔ nɛ paa tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa ɖɛ ɛzɩ kutokiŋ mɩnɩʊ yɔ.

Peeɖe malɩŋ kɩlɩna ɖɔʊ nɛ patala ɛzɩ 99 kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ yɔ. Tɛʊ feŋ lɛ pucʊʊtʊ yem: malɩŋ woki ciŋgirinaa taa tam kagbanzɩ ɛzɩ Mohamet pɔzɩɣ yɔ. Fransɩ kɛ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ peeɖe. Ŋgʊ pawɩlɩɣ sukilinaa taa kpaɣ ɖaŋ kʊɖʊmʊʊ yaa hɛkʊ taa sukuli pɩtalɩ sukulinaa sɔsɔŋ taa. Pɔyɔɔdɩɣ ɖɔdɖɔ ɛsɩpañɔlɩ, aŋgilisi, caama nɛ itaalɩ.

Pɩkɛna kɩjɛyʊʊ kɛ paa pʊɣa ŋgaalɛ se kowolo sukuili. Pɩkilɩna pɩya nzɩ sɩwɛna pɩnzɩ looɖo pɩsɩna hiu nɛ kagbanzɩ. Pɩnzɩ 2004 lɛ, mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ ɛyaa 43 taala sukili ɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 2012 taa lɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ ɛyaa 28 towobina sukuli. 
 
Tɔnʊʊ taa hayɩɣ nʊmɔʊ taa lɛ Marɔɔkɩ wɛ ɖɔŋ: Said Aouita kɛna efebu weyi ɛɖɛwaɣ nɔɔ kɛ seɣa taa mɛtanaa 1 500, 2 000, 3 000 nɛ 5 000 yɔ; Nawal El Moutawakel ñɛkɛna pɛlɛɣ weyi ɛkɛna Afrika taa kacalaɣ halɩbʊwa ŋga kamʊ ɔɔrɩ lɩyʊʊ kɛ hasʊʊ taa yɔ.

Nawal El Moutawakel ñawaba seɣa keteŋa kpeekpe taa ɖɔɖɔ. Hicham Arazi ñɛkɛna efebu weyi ɛwaba teniisi  ɖɔɖɔ yɔ. Badr Hari ñɛkɛna weyi ɛmakɩna nesi camɩyɛ nɛ payaɣ se kickboxeur K-1 yɔ. Pɩkazɩ Medhi Benatia ñɛkɛna pombo maɖʊ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ kɛ Bayern Munich taa.
Bashō Matsuo

Matsuo Bashō kɛ Sapɔŋ tʋ. Ɛkɛ abalʋ weyi ɛfɛyɩ felendu kaʋ yɔ. Palʋla ɖajaa sɔsɔ Matsuo Bashō ɛnʋ pɩnaɣ 1644 n̄ɩŋga taa. Tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa palʋla ɖajaa Matsuo Bashō ɛnʋ yɔ, payaɣ size Iga-Ueno.

Ɛkɛ n̄amtʋ pɩɣa ɛ-taabalaa nɛ samaɣ ŋga ɛwɛ ka-taa yɔ kɛ-sɩnda. Ɛ-pɩcatʋ taa ɛɛkɛ pɩɣa ŋga kɛwɛ lɛɣtʋ siŋŋ yɔ. Ɖajaa sɔsɔ Matsuo Bashō sɩba kamɩŋ fenaɣ taa kɩyakʋ hiŋ naalɛ nɛ lutozo (28) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye pɩnaɣ 1694 n̄ɩŋga taa ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ Sapɔŋ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛtʋ taa peeɖe.

Egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛsɩba yɔ nɖɩ-ɩ payaɣ size Ōsaka. Sakɩyɛ sɩma-ɩ siŋŋ nɛ ɛ-hɩɖɛ cikpeɖe kʋɖʋmɖɩyɛ nɖɩ paya-ɩ size Bashō yɔ. Hɩɖɛ cikpeɖe nɖɩ, nɖɩ-ɩ pakɩla-ɩ yaʋ ɛ-pɩcatʋ taa. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ cikpeɖe nɖɩ, ɖɩ-tʋbʋʋ kɛlɛ kɛlɛʋ size "ɛyabɩyɛ tɩʋ".

Ɖajaa sʋsɔ ɛnɛ, ɛkɛ koowa maɖʋ sɔsɔ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ Japɔŋ tɛtʋ taa.

Sapɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa koosi maɖaa naanaza sɔsaɣ hɩla kɔ yɔ : ɖajaa sɔsɔ Bashō, nɛ ɖajaa sɔsɔ Buson, nɛ pɩtasɩna ɖajaa sɔsɔ Issa, nɛ pɩtɛmna ɖajaa sɔsɔ Shiki. Koosi maɖʋ sɔsɔ weyi ɛna-ɩ palʋkaɣna ɖama yɔ, ɛlɛ hɩɖɛ lɛ Akira Kisaï.
Maurice Ravel

Joseph Maurice Ravel kɛ Fransɩɩ hendu lɩzɩyʊ. Palʊla-ɩ Ciboure lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 7 pɩnaɣ 1875 alɩwaatʊ taa nɛ ɛsɩ Paarii saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 28 pɩnaɣ 1937 taa. 
 
Pasɩma ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ nɛ wɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ, Ravel tɛ miziiki ñaŋ cɔlɩɩ tɛ sɔnzɩ nɛ kɩɖaɣlɩ pɩtalɩ lɩzɩtʊ alɩwaatʊ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ pɩnzɩ ɛzɩ hiŋ nanza mbʊ yɔ nɛ kɩpɩsɩ lɛlɛɛyɔ alɩwaatʊ tʊ nɛ Fauré nɛ Debussy ñɩmba yɔ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ Stravinsky nɛ Prokofiev nɛ Bartok ne Gershwin yɔ. Ɛ-tʊma sakɩyɛ tɩŋa ɖama taa soo ɖʊʊ cɛŋa.

Maurice Ravel, palʊla-ɩ lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 7 pɩnaɣ 1875 alɩwaatʊ taa, Nivelle lɩm pɔɔ nɔɔ yɔ kideŋ kɛ Ciboure, pɩñɔtɩna Saint-Jean-de-Luz tɛ ñɩnʊ cɔlɔ kpam kɛ Pireenee pɔŋ taa. Ɛ-caa kɔyɔ Joseph Ravel (1832-1908), e-liɖe kɛnɛ Suwiisi nɛ savoyard, ɛɛkɛ tambaɣ lɩzɩyʊ sɔsɔ nɛ ɛlakaɣ tʊmɩyɛ koŋ kɛ suluku kpasɩ ɖɩmayɛ taa nɛ lɔɔɖa tʊma sɔsɔna taa nɛ ɛtasɩ walanzɩ Etienne Lenoir lɔŋ yaa lɩmaɣza yɔ pɩlɩna mɩzʊʊ ciduu ñɩɣyʊ. E-ɖoo kɛlɛ Marie Delouart-Ravel (1840-1917), ɛɛkɛ mɩzaɣ yɔɔ halʊ nɛ ɛtɛ kaakɛ nɛ basque kiŋ, ɖooo canaʊ ɛsɩpaañɔlɩ cejewiye kɩbɩnɖɛ naɖɩyɛ taa (Deluarte).

Ɛɛwɛna ɖalʊ nɔɔyʋ, ɛnʊ payaɣ Edouard Ravel (1878-1960), nɛ ɛpɩsɩ tambaɣ lɩzɩyʊ, weyi ɛ-cɔlɔ ɛlaba ɛ-tɛ wezuu caɣʊ tɩŋa yɔ. Mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 1875 alɩwaatʊ lɛ, Ravel cejewiye wolo ɖɩca mbilim kɛ Paarii tɛtʊ taa. Ɛsɩpañɔlɩ mba cɔlɔ lɛ, pɩɩwɛ se Ravel tɛ miziiki ɛkɛnɛ basque liɖe taa nɛ kɩpɩzɩ kɩtadayɩ, mbʊ piyebina nɛ Ravel tapɩzɩ ɛpɩsɩ basque ajɛyɛ taa pʊcɔ ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 25.

Pʊwayɩ lɛ, ɛpɩsɩ ɛkɔŋ ɖoŋ ɖoŋ nɛ ɛcakɩ ɛzɩ fenasɩ naalɛ nɔmɔŋ haʊ mbʊ yɔ Saint-Jean-de-Luz tɛ ñɩnʊ taa nɛ pɩcɔlɔ kpɛɣɛ lonaa taa nɛ ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛlakɩ tʊmɩyɛ. Ravel pɩcatʊ wezuu caɣʊ kaawɛ ɖeu. Ɛ-caana kaakeŋaɣ ɛ-cɔlɔ nɛ pɛ-ɛsa kaakula ɖɔɖɔ nɛ paasɩma nesi tɛ ñɩlɩ ñɩlɩ tʊma kɛlɛ peseɣti-ɩ ɛ-kajalaɣ lɩmaɣza taa. Maurice Ravel kapaɣza piyaanoo kpɛlɛkʊʊ lɛ, ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ loɖo yeke. Henry Ghys ɛɛkɛ hendu lɩzɩyʊ nɛ ɛ-cɔlɔ ɛkpɛlɛka 1839-1908).
Max Planck

Palʊla-ɩ Max Karl Ernest Ludwig Planck ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 23 pɩnaɣ 1858 Kiel, Schleswig awiyaa ɖɩɣa taa (ɖenɖe pɩsa ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ Caama yɔ). Ɛyʊ ɛsɩ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 4 pɩnaɣ 1947 Göttingen, Caama alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pataŋa ɛgbaatɩna liɖe yɔ. Ɛɛkɛ tomnasi ɖɔnɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ laɖʊ Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛyʊ ɛnɛ yɔ ɛmʊ pɩlɩna ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-yɔɔ lɛ, ɛmʊ Nobel liidiye kɩhɛyʊ pɩnaɣ 1918 pɩtɩŋa ɛ-lɩmaɣza quanta hɔɔlʊʊ taa.
 
Max Planck, palʊlɩ-ɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 23 pɩnaɣ 1858 Kiel tɛtʊ taa Schleswig awiyaa ɖɩɣa taa, e-liɖe taa ɛyaa kaaɖɔ piŋ nɛ pɛwɛɛ ñɩm. Ɛ-cɔzɔnaa kɩbɩma nɛ ɛ-cɔzɔna ɛ-caa naa ñɩma kaakɛ Ɛsɔ tɔm wɩlɩyaa, ɛ-caa maɣmaɣ kaakɛ paɣtʊ wɩlɩyʊ (halɩ ɛdʊ nesi Caama paɣtʊ takayaɣ tɔm ɖɩmayɛ), ŋgʊ e-ɖoo kaakɛ Pasɩtɔɣɔ waa ɖɩɣa taa ɛyʊ. Max Planck laba sukuli hɛkʊ taa hɔɔlʊʊ kajalaɣ ŋgʊ Munich ɖenɖe ɛ-caa wɩlaɣ sukuli yɔ.  

Ɛpʊtʊʊ ɛ-taa se ɛsɩŋ se ɛcɛlɛ ɛ-tɩ lɛɣtʊ tʊmɩyɛ naa yaa ɛcɛlɛ ɛ-tɩ miiziki. Pʊkɔma pɩnaɣ 1874 ɛpazɩ tɩlɩyɛ sukuli labʊ nɛ tomnasi ɖɔnɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ kɛ sukuli kɩtɛzɩɣ taa. Ɛmʊ ɛ-tɛ BAC 1 ɛlɛ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 17 nɛ pɩnzɩ natozo wayi lɛ, ɛtɛzɩ e-sukuli tʊmɩyɛ Perɩlɛɛ ɛ-nɛ Hermann von Helmholtz nɛ Gustav Kirchhoff mba paakɛ ɛwɩlɩyaa yɔ.

Ɛ-nɛ Walther Nernst, Planck ñɔɔzɩ kamɩŋ fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 1911 Bruxelles kajalaɣ ketizaɣ sɔsɔ Solvay, ketizaɣ ŋga kekpeli ñʊŋ tɩna mba paakɛ tomnasi ɖɔnɛ tʊmɩyɛ tɩnaa alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa. Marie Curie maɣmaɣ kaawoba-kɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Wɛɛ kʊyʊma a-na a-taa, ɛha siɣye nɛ Ernest Mach cɔɔlɩ tʊmɩyɛ. Ɛmʊ ɛ-tɛ hɛzʊʊ takayaɣ pɩnaɣ 1927 ɛlɛ ɛtasɩ wɩlɩɣ pʊwayɩ. Pɩnaɣ ŋga ɛmʊ Lorentz ñɩɣlɩm pɔya, liidiye nɖɩ tɔmɩŋ lɩzɩyaa lɛɣtʊ yɔɔ niye mʊya mba pɛkɛ Peyibaa ɛyaa yɔ cɛlɩ naa ɖɩ.  

Ɛkpaɣ halʊ Marie Merck (pɩnaɣ 1861 ŋtalɩ 1909), 1887 alɩwaatʊ taa ɛpɩsɩ baaba pʊtɔbʊʊ se ɖɩɣa cɛjɛ pɩnaɣ 1888. Mbʊ lɛ, ewolo ɛwɛɛ Gruewald, Perɩlɛɛ egeetiye naɖɩyɛ taa. Ɛlʊlɩ pɩya naanza, patɩŋɛ pasɩ pʊcɔ ɛnʊ sɩ. Natozo sɩba alɩwaatʊ ndʊ palakaɣ kedeŋga kpeekpe you kajalaɣ ŋgʊ yɔ. Ɛ-pɩɣa kajalaɣ ŋga Karl sɩba Verdun nɔnɔɔ taa pɩnaɣ 1916 nɛ ɖomaa naalɛ pɩnaɣ 1917 ŋtalɩ 1919. Erwin ɛ-pɩɣa tɩnʊʊ ñɩnʊ pakpa-ɩ pɔttɔ-ɩ salaka Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ.

Pɩɣa kanɛ yɔ ŋga caɣna ka-caa cɔlɔ kpam wɛɛ hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ ñɩna taa nɛ ɛmʊ tʊma sɔsɔna ɛ-caa cɔlɔ kɛ Weimar ɛjaɖɛ taa. Pakpa-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1944 se ɛñɩnaɣ kʊʊ Hitler pɩlɩna nɔɔ kʊyʊmaɣ ŋga palaba hasɩyaɖɛ kɩyakʊ 20 pɩnaɣ 1944. Pakpa Erwin nɛ pakʊ-ɩ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1945. Ɛ-halʊ sɩ pɩnaɣ 1909 nɛ ɛɖanɩɣ kpaʊ Marga von Hößlin (pɩnaɣ 1882 ŋtalɩ 1948 alɩwaatʊ taa).
Max Weber

Max Weber, palʊla-ɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 21 pɩnaɣ 1864 nɛ ɛsɩ mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 14 pɩnaɣ 1920. Ɛɛkɛ tɔsʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ nɛ ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ samaɣ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ, ɛkɛ Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyʊ weyi ɛlaba waɖɛ sukuli yɔ. Pakpaɣa-ɩ se ɛnʊ kɛnɛ samaɣ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ kiɖe ɖʊyʊ. Ɛ-lɩmaɣza pɔsɔɣ se ɛzɩma ɛla nɛ ɛlɛzɩ ɛyaa lɩmaɣza nɛ pakpaɣ wɛtʊ kɩfatʊ. 

Emile Durkhein siɣye taa lɛ, ɛlɛ ɖɔɖɔ pamaza  se ɛkɛ samaɣ tʊmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ caa mbʊ yɔ, Max Weber kaawɩla sukuli pazɩ ɛlɛ ɛtala a-alɩwaatʊ taa tɛ sukuli. Ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ taasɩna ñɩnʊʊ yeke ɛlɛ, ɛsʊza ɛ-tɩ politiki nɔmɔʊ taa. Paya-ɩ ɖoŋ ɖoŋ se ɛɖʊ nesi nɛ pɔcɔlɩ tɔm Weimar ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʊ takayaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1919 alɩwaatʊ taa.  

Weber kaasɔɔlɩ ɖɔɖɔ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ aŋgba nɛ ɛñɩnɩɣ a-hɛkɩŋ taa tʊkasɩ nzɩ sɩwɛ nɛ pɩ-tɛ wazaɣ. Pɩtasɩna Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ tʊma yeke ɛlɛ, Weber ñɩna ɖɔɖɔ cɔlɩtʊ pɩlɩna wondu lɛtʊ tʊmɩyɛ labʊ yɔɔ ɛzɩ wabɩtʊ, Ɛjaɖɛ, waɖɛ nɛ minziiki nɛ ŋgbaɣ nɖɛ. Karl Emil Maximilian Weber, kajalaɣ pɩɣa piyaa lutozo hɛkʊʊ taa, palʊla-ɩ pɩɣyɩyaa cejewiye ñɩm nɖɛ naɖɩyɛ taa. E-neu nɔɔyʊ kaɣ kɛʊ ɖɔɖɔ samaɣ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ sɔsɔ nɔyʊ. 

Ɛ-caa (Max ɖɔɖɔ paya-ɩ), kaakɛ ɖɔɖɔ tʊmɩyɛ tʊ sɔsɔ nɔyʊ nɛ paka-ɩ lɩzʊʊ se paɣtʊ lɩzɩyʊ Reichstag Caama ɛjaɖɛ kpɛndʊʊ wayi. E-ɖoo (Hélène, palʊla-ɩ Fallenstein liɖe taa kɛnɛ), ɛ-tɛ nɛ Huginoti pɩtɩŋna e-ɖoo liɖe yɔɔ (Souchay waa), kaakɛ halʊ mɛɛsakula nɛ Ɛsɔ tɔm mʊyʊ nɔyʊ siŋ. Mbʊ lɛ, Max Weber paɣlɩ mɛɛsakula nɛ ñɩm hɔʊ taa. Ɛ-caa kaakɛ peyebinam pɩɣa nɛ e-ɖoo kɛ lɔŋ ñɩm ɖɩɣa taa ɛyʊ. Kpaɣ nɛ pɩnaɣ 1869 hɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩkɔɔ kɩcaɣ Pɛrɩlɛɛ tɛtʊ taa.

Pɩwɛyɩ alewondu nɛ ɛsɩŋ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ e-sukuli taa mbʊ lɛ, Max Weber sɔɔlɩ takayasɩ kalʊʊ sakɩyɛ nɛ ɛñɩzɩɣ kaʊ nɛ kalɩtʊ ɛzɩ (Cicéron, Kant nɛ Machivel nɛ ŋgbaɣ nɖɛ) lɩzɩɣ aseɣɖe ɛzɩma ɛwɛ lɛɣtʊ lɔŋ lɔŋ yɔ. Pɩtasɩna ɛ-tɛ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ yeke ɛlɛ, ehiɣ ñʊʊ leleŋ weyi se ɛkpɛlɛka loŋ sakɩyɛ politiki ɛyaa cɔlɔ kɔɔnaɣ lɔnsɩɖaa cɔlɔ mba ɛ-caa yawaɣ nɛ pɔkɔŋ ɛ-tɛ ɖɩɣa yɔ. Ɛmʊ ɛ-tɛ Abitur wayi lɛ, ewona ɛ-tɩ kɛ Heidelberg waɖɛ sukuli ɖɩlaɖɛ taa. 

Pɩnaɣ 1883 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, Max Weber wolo Straasbourg se ɛla sɔɔjɔnaa sukuli. Peeɖe ɛɖanɩɣ katʊʊ ɛ-hɔʊ lɛɛkʊ. Weber caɣ e-neŋ cɔlɔ (e-ɖoo kɔɔ), ɛsʊ ɛkpaɣdɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ taa nɛ e-neŋ walʊ nɛ ɛsɔzɩ-ɩ lɔŋ, tɔm kɛdɩyʊ Hermann Baumgarten, weyi ɛcɔlɔ ɛkpɛlɛka wezuu caɣʊ lɛɛkʊ tɩlɩyɛ kɩfaɖɛ pɩkɩlɩ ɛ-caa maɣmaɣ. Mbʊ kpem ɛkɩlɩ nɛ ɛ-caa yɔ mbʊ lɛ Baumgarten kaakɛ ɛyʊ walaa tʊ nɛ e-nesi tɛ lɩɣ camɩyɛ nɛ ɛtasɔɔlɩ Bismark tɛ politiki tɔm.