open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Azɔɔtɩ

Azɔɔtɩ kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ taa pʊtʊ weyi pasɩma-ɩ nɛ ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ ŋga 7 nɛ yʊsaɣ mayaɣ kɔyɔ N (latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, nitrogenium). Ɛnʊ kɛna ñʊʊ kɛ pnɩkɩtɔzɛnɩ waa caŋga taa. Yɔɔdaɣ taa lɛ, azɔɔtɩ kɛ kɛlɛʊ tomnaɣ N2 (azɔɔtɩ naa naalɛ), ɛkɛ pʊtʊ weyi ɛkɩlɩ ɖɔʊ ɛjaɖɛ heɣlim taa, heɣlim taa ɛtalɩ kagbanzɩ yɔɔ lɛ eyeke ɛkpakɩɣ naanaza (ɖɔʊ taa lɛ 78,06%). 

Azɔɔtɩ kɛ pʊtʊ hiŋ niitozo nɛ naanaza tʊ tɛtʊ pɔɔɖɛ taa pɩlɩna wazaɣ pɩlɩtʊ yɔɔ. Tɛtɛɛ wondu ndʊ tɩ-taa wɛ azɔɔtɩ kɛ azɔɔtɩ siziŋ ɖɔm ñɩndʊ koŋ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ potasɩyɔm siziŋ ɖɔm KNO3 (ɛwɛ salɩpɛtrɩ taa) yaa nitri, ŋgʊʊ ɖooo alɩwaatʊ natʊyʊ taa palakanaɣ malɩfanaa kɩmɩzaa mʊlʊm, nɛ sodɩyɔm siziŋ ɖɔm NaNO3 (kɩwɛ siili salɩpɛtrɩ taa). 

Antoine Lavoisier ɛlɩzɩ hɩɖɛ se azɔɔtɩ kɔyɔ, pama-ɖɩ nɛ a-(palɩzɩ) nɛ krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ kiɖe taa lɛ, ζωτ (wezuu tʊ) nɛ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se palɩzɩ-ɩ fezuu, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛzɩ Ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ siɣye taa yɔ azɔɔtɩ ɛɛdɔkɩɣ kpɩna wezuu. Ɛ-tɛ yʊsaɣ mayaɣ N lɩna ɛ-hɩɖɛ latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa nitrogenium ndɩ ɖɩlɩna krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se nitron gennan nɛ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛnʊ lakɩna salɩpɛtrɩ (potasɩyɔm siziŋ ɖɔm). Ɛnglɩsɩ tɔmpiye nɩtrɔzɛnɩ, pasɩ-ɖɩ mbʊ nɛ payaɣna azɔɔtɩ ŋgʊ Fransɩɩ tɔmpiye nɩtrɔzɛnɩ tatasɩ wɛʊ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩna sɔnɔ.

Joseph Priestley labɩna azɔɔtɩ ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ tɛ ñɩɣlɩm pɩyʊ N2O pɩnaɣ 1772. Amoniyaki NH3 ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, J. Priestley labɩna-kʊ pɩnaɣ 1774. Kajalaɣ hɔɔlaɣ ŋga kamʊʊ-kɛcɛlɩɣ nɛ keyeki nɛ azɔɔtɩ sʊʊ pɩ-taa  H3N.BF3 yɔ Louis Joseph Gay-Lussac labɩna-kʊ pɩnaɣ 1809. 

Hɔɔlaɣ kajalaɣ ñɩŋa ŋga kɔkɔna tamsʊʊ nɛ azɔɔtɩ nɛ halozɛnɩ yɔ, azɔɔtɩ tɛ kɩlɔrɩrɩ naatozo NCL3, Pierre Louis Dulong labɩna-kʊ nɛ pʊ-nɔmɔʊ taa ɛ-ɛsɩyɛ lɛɛɖɛ yɔkɩ nɛ e-nee naatozo sɛtɩ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛlakaɣ tʊmɩyɛ pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-yɔɔ, ŋgʊ ɛlɛ fɛyɩ ɖiɣ ɖiɣ nɛ ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ kɩmɩzɩɣ ɖoŋ tʊ.
Facebook

Payaɣ mbʋ se Facebook yɔ, pɩkɛ ɛntɛrɩnɛtɩ hayɩm taa wilaʋ nakʋyʋ. Ɖomaɣ ŋga papɩzɩɣ poɖuu wilaʋ ŋ́gʋ kɩ-taa yɔ, ŋgaa yɔ : kɩlɛmɩŋ nɛ fotonaa nɛ fidewonaa nɛ takayɩsɩ ndɩ ndɩ. Ɛyaa pɩzɩɣ peyekiɣna ɖama tɔm Facebook yɔɔ. Ɛyaa pɩzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ paɖʋ ŋgbɛyɛ yaa pâla tikasɩ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ pâla tʋma naayɛ Facebook yɔɔ.

Mbʋ payaɣ se « site web » yɔ, pɩtɛ sɔsaa kpɛndɩ naanza kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ cɩnɛ. Pa-taa payɩ lɛ, mbʋ payaɣ se Google yɔ ɛyaa kɩlɩɣ labɩnaʋ tʋmɩyɛ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se Google taa ɛyaa kɩlɩɣ sʋʋ. 

Google wayɩ lɛ, mbʋ payaɣ se YouTube yɔ pɩtɩŋ Youtube wayɩ lɛ, Facebook tɩŋ nɛ wilaʋ kʋnɛ kɩ-wayɩ lɛ, Yahoo ñatɩŋ. Saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ taa, pɩnaɣ 2015 taa, pɔcɔnaa nɛ pana lɛ, kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ ɛyaa miiliyarɩ waa 1,59 lakɩ tʋmɩyɛ nɛ wilaŋ sɔsɔŋ naanza ḿba paa evemiye nɖɩ. 

Pa-taa lɛ, ɛyaa miiliyarɩ waa 1,04 labɩna tʋmɩyɛ nɛ Facebook. Kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ naaza ñɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2015 taa, pɔcɔnaa pana lɛ, ɛyaa miiliyarɩ laba tʋmɩyɛ nɛ Facebook evemiye kʋɖʋmɖɩyɛ.

Ɖooo ɛzɩ wilaʋ ŋgʋ payaa se Facebook yɔ, kɩlɩʋ yɔ, pɩkɛ kajalaɣ kɛlɛ ɛyaa mba palaba-kʋ nɛ tʋmɩyɛ evemiye kʋɖʋmɖɩyɛ taa yɔ patalʋʋ miiliyarɩ yɔ. Mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ taa, pɩnaɣ 2017 taa Facebook kaɖa kpayɩ se ɛyaa miiliyarɩ waa naalɛ nɛ pɩɖɛɛ pʋ-yɔɔ lakli-kʋ nɛ tʋmɩyɛ paa evemiye nɖɩ.

Pɩnaɣ 2004 ñɩŋa taa Facebook lɩwa. Harvard sukuli sɔsɔʋ taa kʋñɔwa. Kɩɖa lɩʋ lɛ, sukuli ŋ́gʋ, kɩ-taa sukuli piya ɖeke lakaɣna-kʋ nɛ tʋmɩyɛ. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, pɩha waɖɛ ɖɔɖɔ Amerika sukuli sɔsɔʋ taa sukuli piya se palabɩna-kʋ tʋmɩyɛ. Paba wayɩ Facebook pɩsɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe hakuu nɛ paa anɩ ɛhayɩɣna-kʋ. Salaŋ fenaɣ, pɩnaɣ 2006 ñɩŋa taa kɩpɩsa ḿbʋ.
Ositraali Lɩŋamʊʊ

Ositraali Lɩŋgamʊʊ kɛna lɩŋgamʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Atilantiki lɩŋgamʊʊ, Pasifiki Lɩŋgamʊʊ nɛ Ɛndɩ Lɩŋgamʊʊ pɛhɛkʊ taa. Lɩŋgamʊʊ kʊnɛ, paayɔda kʊ-tɔm nɛ pasɩɩ kɩ-kamasɩ lɛ, pɩɩkɛ ɖama nɩnaʊ tɛ kediizaɣ nakɛyɛ ɖeɖe kɛ Antaritiki yɔɔ.

Lɩŋgamʊʊ kʊnɛ kɩwɛ ndɩ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖi se Ositraalii yɔ. Ositraali ɛjaɖɛ wɛ Oseyaanii keteŋa taa nɛ nɖɩ kɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɩla walɩɣ peeɖe yɔ. Ositraali kɛna tɛtʊ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ ko nɛ pɩta yɔ; nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖi-taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, lɩm ɖɔna tɛtʊ ñabɩ ñabɩ ndʊ ndʊ yebu yɔ, tɩ-taa kɔyɔ: Tasimaanii, Lɩŋamʊʊ nŋgʊ kɩwɛna wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa yɔ, Pasiifiki nɛ Indɩ. Ajɛya wena acɔ-ɖɩ nɛ ataa yɔ, a-taa kɔyɔ: hayʊ kɩŋ lɛ, Ɛndonezii, Timɔɔrɩ nɛ Papʊwaasi-Kiinee kɩfalʊʊ. Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hayʊ lɛ, îles Salomon, Vanuatu nɛ Kaledoonii kɩfalʋʋ; wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hadɛ kɩŋ lɛ, Seelandɩ kɩfalʊʊ piyele nɛ îles Kerguelen (TAAF), Heard nɛ McDonald tɛtʊ ñɛwɛna wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa.

Ositraali lɩngamʊʊ ŋgʊ kɛŋna keteŋa kpeekpe lɩŋgamʊʊ lɩŋgamʊʊ nanza ŋgʊ nɛ ŋgʊ pɩɖɩɣna tɩlɩɣ se kɩkɛ lɩŋgamʊʊ. Kɩpɩsɩɣ mbʊ siŋŋŋ yɔ pɩnaɣ 2 000 taa nɛ payaɣ-kʊ ɖɔɖɔ se Antartiki lɩŋgamʊʊ. Tɔm tʊnɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa mba palɩza-wɛ nɛ pɔcɔŋna lɩm yɔɔ yɔ mba lɩzɩna-tʊ. Ɛyaa pɛnɛ payaɣ ositraali lɩŋgamʊʊ hɩla ndɩ ndɩ: kacalaɣ lɛ, papɩzɩɣ payaa lɩŋ,gamʊʊ ŋgʊ se ositraali lɩŋgamʊʊ nɛ nabʊlɛ taa lɛ Antarkitiki lɩŋgamʊʊ yaa kpaagbaa taa lɛ payaɣ-kʊ ɖɔɖɔ se Antarkitiki teŋgu.

Teŋgunaa ndɩ ndɩ kpɛndɩna nɛ pɩla Ositraali lɩŋgamʊʊ kʊnɛ. Teŋgʊnaa mba pa-taa kɔyɔ: Amuindisɛni teŋgu, Pelinisihausini nɛ Dirakɩ hɔɔlɩɣ nakʊyʊ, Sikitiya teŋgu, Wedɛlɩ teŋgu, Wiyaʊ sɔsɔ Haakon VII teŋgu, Lazarev teŋgu, Riiser Larsen teŋgu, Cosmonautinaa teŋgu, Entente teŋgu, Davis teŋgu, Mawson teŋgu, Dumont d'Urville teŋgu, Somov teŋgu, Ross teŋgu.

Ositraali lɩngamʊʊ kɔnɛ kɩ-walnzɩ taa maɣna ɛzɩ 20 327 000 km2 yɔ nɛ kɩ-daalakɩŋ taa ñɛwɛ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 17 968 yɔ.
Tamasɩ

Tamasɩ kɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Siirii yɔ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊi ndʊ pakala ɛyaakɛ tɩ-taa lɛ, pɛɖɛ ɛyaa ɛzɩ miliyɔɔ 1 700 000 yɔ ɛlɛ yee pɩkɛ tɩ-hɛkʊ taa siŋŋ kɔyɔ pɛɖɛ ɛyaa ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa 2 600 000 yɔ. Tamasɩ wɛ keteŋga kpeekp taa tɛtʊsɔsɔtʊ ndʊ ɖooo pɛlɛkaɣ ti-taa caaʊ yɔ tɩ-taa. Tamasɩ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tiposina Mediteranee teŋgu ɛzɩ kɩlomɛtanaa 80 yɔ nɛ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ pʊʊ nakʊyʊ yɔɔ nɛ pʊʊ ŋgʊ kʊ-kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ taa maɣna mɛtanaa ɛzɩ 680 yɔ. 

Tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ pɔɔ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ se Paɖada yɔ kɔcɔlɔ. Panaɣ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ malɩŋ ɛsɔsɛtʊ namɩŋ sakɩyɛ nɛ ɩ-taa kɔyɔ: Omeyadinaa, Azim kewiyaɣ ɖaɣ, Khan Assad Pacha  ɖaɣ, Souk  Al-Hamidiyya, Souk Medhatt Basha, Souk Bzouriye. Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyuɛ taa lɛ, cɔcɩ tɩnɛ kɩlɩna wɛʊ. Ɛsɔ tɔm takayaɣ taa payaɣ Tamasɩ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-hɩɖɛ kpem. Tamasɩ hɩdɛ wɛ Kiɖe tɛɛ tɔm takayaɣ taa, ɖɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ Awiya takayaɣ taa. Iben Battuta kɛtɩɣ Tamasɩ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ nɛ mbʊ ɛyʊ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɛkɛdɩna yɔ nɛ ɛtɔŋ se paa paakɛdɩna ɛpɛ yɔ, pɩɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ pɩna kpayɩ kpayɩ se tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ  ɖeu camɩyɛ. Ɛtɔŋ camɩyɛ se nabʊyʊ fɛyɩ se papɩzɩ nɛ pakpɣ nɛ pɛkɛdɩna-tʊ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ cɩnɛ.
Twitter

Samaɣ piyuu nakʋyʋ wɛɛ nɛ payaɣ-kʋ se « Twitter ». Twitter Inc. tʋmɩyɛ cɔŋnana samaɣ piyuu ŋ́gʋ kɩ-yɔɔ. Ɛyʋ weyi ɛlakɩna samaɣ piyuu ŋ́gʋ nɛ tʋmɩyɛ yɔ, ɛpɩzɩɣ etiyina ɛ-taabalaa tɔm ndɩ ndɩ falaa, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se etiyina-wɛ tɔm ɛɛhɛyɩɣ paa piye. Ɛntɛrɩnɛtɩ yɔɔ lɛ, payaɣ tɔm ndʋ ɛyʋ tiyina pɩtɩŋna Twitter yɔɔ yɔ se « tweets ». Tɔm ndʋ ɛyʋ pɩzɩɣ etiyina nɛ pɩtɩŋna Twitter piyuu yɔɔ yɔ, tɩ-masɩ ɛɛɖɛɣ mɩnɩʋ nɛ hiŋ naanza yɔɔ (140)

Lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kʋɖʋmʋʋ (21), pɩnaɣ 2006 taa Twitter samaɣ piyuu ŋ́gʋ kɩlɩwa. Ɖajaanaa panɛ : Jack Dorsey nɛ Evan Williams nɛ Biz Stone nɛ Noah Glass palɩzɩna Twitter samaɣ piyuu ŋ́gʋ. Ɛlɛ, hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ taa, pɩnaɣ kʋɖʋmaɣ ŋ́ga ka-taa papaɣzɩ labɩnaʋ Twitter samaɣ piyuu ŋ́gʋ nɛ tʋmɩyɛ. 

Piteleɖi nɛ Twitter samaɣ piyuu pɩsɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe hakuu ŋgʋ paa anɩ ɛhayɩɣna-kʋ yɔ. Lɛlaɣ fenaɣ ɖɩtɛnɖɛ taa, pɩnaɣ 2012 ñɩŋa taa ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ waa taŋga (500) nɛ pɩɖɛɛ pʋ-yɔɔ lakaɣna Twitter samaɣ piyuu nɛ tʋmɩyɛ. 

Lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ kakpaanzɩ (5) ñɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2017 taa pewilaa pana lɛ, ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ waa 313 lakaɣna Twitter samaɣ piyuu nɛ tʋmɩyɛ paa fenaɣ ŋga ka-taa. Ɛyaa ḿba, petiyina pɔ-tɔm pɩtɩŋna Twitter piyuu yɔɔ takayɩsɩ taŋga (500) paa evemiye nɖɩ ; pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se petiyina tweet waa taŋga paa evemiye nɖɩ. Papɩzɩɣ pama tɔm ndʋ petiyiɣna pɩtɩŋna Twitter samaɣ piyuu yɔɔ yɔ nɛ kʋnʋmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa. Papɩzɩɣ pamana kʋnʋmɩŋ hiŋ naanza (40) taa halɩ pɩɖɛɛ pʋ-yɔɔ.

Twitter samaɣ piyuu tʋma ñʋʋ wɛ San Francisco (Etaazuunii) taa. Twitter samaɣ piyuu tʋmɩyɛ wɛna ɖɩ-tʋma lɛɛna lona atalɩ 35 nɛ pɩɖɛɛ pʋ-yɔɔ kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ cɩnɛ. Kɩwɛna ɖɔɖɔ ɔrɩdinatɛɛrɩ lɛɣtʋ tʋma pilinzi New York (Etaazuunii) taa.
Ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ

Ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ taa pɩyʊ weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 8 nɛ yʊsaɣ ñɩŋga yɔ O. Ɛnʊ kɛna nɔɔ ɖɛyʊ salɩkɔzɛnɩ waa kpeɣlʊʊ taa, nɛ nabʊyʊ taa payɣ se ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ waa hɔɔlʊʊ. Ɛyaa naalɛ ñɩnɩna nɛ pana pʊtʊ ɛnʊ, Sʊyɛdɩ tʊ Carl Wilhelm Scheele kɛ Uppsala tɛtʊ taa pɩnaɣ 1772 nɛ Piritaniki tʊ Joseph Priestley Viltshire tɛtʊ taa pɩnaɣ 1774. Pɛcɛlɛ-ɩ hɩɖɛ mbʊ se ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ pɩnaɣ 1777 ɛlɛ Antoine Lavoisier Paarii tɛtʊ taa hana hɩɖɛ nɖɩ pɩtɩŋna krɛkɩ kɩbɩnʊʊ kʊnʊŋ yɔɔ se ὀξύς / oxys (cʊlʊ cʊlʊ pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se cɩnɛ se ñɩmɩŋ) nɛ γενής / genês (lʊlʊʊ tɛ).

Ɖɩha heelim taa kiɖe hɔɔlʊʊ kifezuu hɩɖɛ se ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ, ɛlɛ palɩza hɩɖɛ nɖɩ nɛ tɔmpe naalɛ, palɩzɩ-yɛ nɛ krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa ὀξύς, ñɩmɩŋ nɛ γείνομαι, malʊlʊʊ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ wɛtʊ natʊyʊ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩ wɛʊ walaa yɔ kiɖe nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa yɔ (Lavoisier yɔɔdʊʊ ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ tɔm) taa ñɩmɩŋ wondu ndʊ tɩkpɛndɩɣ tɩ-tɩ wondu lɛɛtʊ. Mbʊ lɛ, ɖɩkaɣ yaʊ ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ fefeku kiɖe nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛ kpeɣluu nɛ sɔŋaɣ wondu. 

Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ kɔtɩɩ kɩɖam weyi ɛ-yʊsʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ O2, keeke taa ɛnʊ payaɣ se ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ nɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɩnaa ya-ɩ se dɩyɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ, ɛ-taa wɛ ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ tɛ pɩyʊ kɔtɩɩ waa naalɛ, nɛ pɔɖɔkɩ ɖama nɛ tamtʊ. Kedeŋga taa sɔŋaɣ ɛwɛ camɩyɛ kɔyɔ, dɩyɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ kɛ fefeku, kedeŋga taa kɔzɩ kɔzɩ teŋgu cɔlɔ kɩ-tɛ ɖɔʊ maɣna 20,8%. 

Sakɩyɛ taa lɛ, keŋga kpeekpe taa ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ kɛ pʊtʊ naatozo tʊ eyi ɛɖɔ piŋ ɛzɩ Hɩdrɔzɛnɩ nɛ Hɛlɩyɔm yɔ, ɛnʊ kɩlɩna tɔyʊ tɛtʊ pɔɔɖɛ taa. 

Ɖooo kiɖe tɛɛ lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ taafɛyɩna dɩyɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ. Ɛnɛ ʊnʊyɔ ɛma ɛ-tɩ pɩtɩŋna mʊntʊsʊʊ manaʊ tɛ mbʊ tɩŋ, aɖɔnlɛlɛɛ nɛ ŋñɩɩ cɛkaɣ tɩnaa, pʊtʊnaa pɛnɛ palɩɣ yɔ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ miiliyaarɩ waa 2,8 mbʊ yɔ. Dɩyɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ kʊʊ kpɩna wena atɔsɔɔlɩ heelim yɔ, pa-taa kɔyɔ kajalaɣ pʊtʊna mba palɛɛ lɩɣ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ yɔ ɛlɛ kɩwɛɛ wazaɣ siŋ pʊtʊnaa mba pefezuu yɔ pɛ-tɛ, pa-taa kɛlɛ mbʊ payi pɩkɩloɩ ɖɔʊ nɛ pɩwɛna wezuu nɔɔnɔɔ yɔ.
Pudapɛsɩtɩ

**Pudapɛsɩtɩ** (Hong.: **Budapest**) kɛna Hɔŋgiri ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ Tanubi pɔɔ cɔlɔ kpam nɛ pɩnaɣ 2011 ta pakalɩ ɛyaa kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa lɛ, pɩkpɛnda 1 733 685. Pudapɛsɩtɩ walanzɩ taa maɣna ɛkɩtaaɖɩnaa ɛzɩ 52 516 yɔ. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩna walanzɩ ɖɔɖɔ Hɔŋgiri ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ peeɖe komina tʊma sɔsɔna nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna taa lone taa caɣyaa ɖʊzʊyɛ wɛɛ.
    
Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩpɩsa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ pɩnaɣ 1873 taa alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɛtʊ natudozo kpɛndɩ kpɛm yɔ. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkpɛnda nɛ pɩlakɩ Pudapɛsɩ yɔ anaa yɔ: Puda, Pɛsɩtɩ nɛ Obuda. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩwɛ ɖeu kamaɣ fɛyɩ nɛ Eerɔpɩ taa lɛ tɩwɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩ ɖeʊ yɔ tɩ-taa. Eerɔpɩ hɛkʊ taa lɛ, tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩtaa kɛ ɛyaa kɩlɩ ɖɔʊ yee pɛtɛkpɛndɩna tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Pɛɛrɩlɛɛ kɔyɔ. 

Ɛzɩ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ lɛɛtʋ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, Tuwala tɛtʋ nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna taa tɛtʋ ɖʋ taabalɩyɛ nɛ palakɩ tʋm kʋɖʋma se tɔsʋʋ nɛ ɛsɩnda wobu ɛɖɛɛna poliŋ. Tɛtʋ ndʋ yɔ: Isitanbuli (Tuurkii) ɖooo pɩnaɣ1985, Izmir (Tuurki) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1985 Tel Aviv (Isrɛɛlɩ) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1989, Fort Worth (Etaazuunii) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1990, Francfort-sur-le-Main (Caama) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1990, Fiyɛɛnɩ (Ɔtirisi) ɖoo 1990, Bucarest (Rumaanii) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1991, Pɛrɩlɛɛ (Caama) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1992, Lisbooni (Pɔrititgaali) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1992, New York (Etaazuunii) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1992, Alger (Algérie) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1993, Lviv (Ukurɛnɩ) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1993, Daejeon (Kooree Hadɛ Kiŋ) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1994, Zagreb (Krowasii) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1994, Sarajevo (Bosnie-Herzégovine) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1995, Košice (Siloovaakii) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1997, Beijing (Siini) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2005, Farsoovii (Pɔlɔñɩ) ɖooo,2005, Paŋkɔkɩ (Tayilandi) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2007, Florence (Itaalii) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2008, Jakarita (Ɛndonezi) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2009, Gaziantep (Tuurkii) ɖooo 2010, Tuguldur (Mongolii) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2012, Sofia (Bulgarie).
Tibɛtii

**Tibɛtii** kɛna Aazii taa egeetiye naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩ-taa pʊŋ kɩlɩna wɛʊ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ pʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Iimalaya yɔ kɩ-tɛ hayʊ kiŋ. Tɩ-ɛyaa maɣmaɣ wayɩ lɛ, mba payaɣ-wɛ se Monba yɔ pɛwɛ peeɖe pɩna Kiyaŋ nɛ Lobasɩ mba pɛwɛ ɖɔɖɔ peeɖe. Ɛyaa mba payaɣ-wɛ se Hansɩ nɛ Huwisi yɔ pɛwɛ peeɖe tɛtʊ taa siŋŋŋ. 

Keteŋa kpeekpe taa Tibɛtii kɛŋna pʊʊ tɛndɛyɛm ŋgʊ kɩkɩla kʊyʊʊ yɔ nɛ kʊyɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛyaa kɩla wɛʊ. Kʊ-kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ taa maɣna mɛtanaa 4 900. Tibbɛtii kɛna egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa nɛ ageeta cikpena naatozo yɔ. Ageeta anaa yɔ: Ucaŋ, Amdo nɛ Kam. Tibɛtii walanzɩ taa wɛ ndɩ ndɩ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ yee pakpaɣ egeetiye nɖɩ payawaɣ-ɖɩ se Tibɛtɩi kɩpɩnɩʊ yaa Tibɛtii sɔsɔʊ kɔyɔ, pɩmaɣna ɛzɩ 2 500 000 km2 yɔ ɛlɛ yee pɩkɛ Tibɛtii kʊnɛ kɔyɔ, kʊkʊ walanzɩ taa ñɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ 1 221 600 km2 yɔ.  

Tibɛtii egeetiye taa ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ndʊ pɛsɛʊ yɔ ndʊ lɛ Pudiyizimɩ nɛ Bön. Peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ malɩŋ nɛ kristʊ mba pɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ.
YouTube

YouTube kɛ mbʋ payaɣ se ɛntɛrɩnɛtɩ yɔ, pɩ-hayɩm tɛ wilaʋ nakʋyʋ. Kɩkɛ « site web » nakʋyʋ. Ɛntɛrɩnɛtɩ hayɩm taa wilaʋ ŋ́gʋ kɩ-taa wɛ fideyonaa ndɩ ndɩ. Ɛyaa mba palakɩ tʋmɩyɛ nɛ YouTube yɔ, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se ɛyaa mba pasʋʋ wilaʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-taa yɔ, papɩzɩɣ petiyini ɖama pe-fideyonaa ndɩ ndɩ.

Papɩzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ pala ndɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ fideyinaa mba petiyiɣni ɖama yɔ pɔ-yɔɔ. Lɛlaɣ fenaɣ taa, pɩnaɣ 2005 ñɩŋa taa pama YouTube kpou. Ɖajanaa panɛ : Steve Chen nɛ Chad Hurley nɛ Jawed Karim pamana-kʋ. Ɛyaa naadozo panɛ, paakɛ PayPal pɩlɩʋ taa tʋmlaɖaa kɩbɩma nabɛyɛ.

Aloma fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 2006 ñɩŋa taa Google yaba PayPal pɩlɩʋ. Liidiye dollars waa 1,65 miiliyarɩ kɛ Google hɛyaa nɛ kɩtɩɣyɩ PayPal pɩlɩʋ. San Bruno tɛtʋ taa PayPal pɩlɩʋ taa tʋmɩyɛ wɛɛ. San Bruno tɛtʋ kɛ Californie ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ natʋyʋ.

Pɩnaɣ 2009 taa pɔcɔnaa nɛ pana lɛ, ɛyaa ɛzɩ miiliyɔɔ waa 350 mbʋ yɔ sʋʋ YouTube pɩlɩʋ taa paa fenaɣ ŋga ka-taa. Aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ lutozo ñɩŋʋ (28) wiye, pɩnaɣ 2010 taa, pɔcɔnaa lɛ, ɛyaa mba patamsɩ pa-kpasɩ nɛ YouTube pɩlɩʋ yɔ, patalɩ ɛyaa miiliyarɩ.

Saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 2016 taa pɔcɔnaa lɛ, kpasɩ nzɩ sɩtamsɩnɩ sɩ-tɩ nɛ YouTube pɩlɩʋ yɔ, sɩ-taa payɩ lɛ, PewDiePie kpayaɣ yɔɔ ɛyaa kɩlɩna ɖɔʋ. Salaŋ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 2016 taa, pɔcɔnaa pana lɛ, ɛyaa ɛzɩ miiliyɔɔ waa nɩɩnɩwa (50) yɔ nɛ pɩɖɛɛ pʋ-yɔɔ wɛ PewDiePie kpayaɣ yɔɔ. YouTube pɩlɩʋ taa fideyonaa tɩŋa taa payɩ lɛ, Ɖajaa Wiz nɛ Ɖajaa Charlie Puth pɛ-tɛ fideyoo ŋgʋ payaɣ se *See You Again* (pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se 'Pɩlabɩ tasɩ' kabɩyɛ taa) yɔ ɛyaa kɩlɩɣ cɔnaʋ.

Pɩnaɣ 2015 taa palɩzɩ *See You Again* tɛ fideyoo nɛ ɛyaa miiliyarɩ waa 2,9 nɛ pɩɖɛɛ pʋ-yɔɔ cɔŋna fideyoo ŋ́gʋ. Lɛlaɣ fenaɣ, pɩnaɣ 2017 taa YouTube kaɖa kpayɩ se ɛyaa miiliyarɩ cɔŋna fideyinaa paa evemiye nɖɩ.
WhatsApp

Mbʋ payaɣ se « WhatsApp » yɔ, mbʋʋ payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se « WhatsApp Messenger ». Pɩkɛ tʋma naayɛ sakɩyɛ kaŋgalafu nakʋyʋ yɔɔ. Pɩtɛkɛ paa kaŋgalafu ŋgʋ kɩ-taa papɩzɩɣ pala « WhatsApp » tʋma. Kaŋgalaafu ŋgʋ kɩ-taa ɛyʋ pɩzɩɣ ɛla « WhatsApp » tʋma yɔ, payaɣ-kʋ se « android ». 

Ɛyʋ ɛtamsɩ « WhatsApp » nimaɣ Kaŋgalafu nɛ « Android » yɔɔ kɔyɔ, ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛyɔɔdɩ tɔm ndʋ ɛsɔɔlaa se eheyiɣ e-koobu yɔ, paa ɛlɛ ɛfɛyɩ ɛlɛ ñɩŋʋ cɔlɔ yɔ. Ɛlɛ kɔŋ nɛ ɛkpaɣ ɛñɩŋʋ nɛ ekuli « WhatsApp » lɛ, ɛnɩɩ tɔm ndʋ e-koobu heyi-i yɔ.
Pʋcɔ nɛ ña nɛ ño-koobu ɛpɩzɩ ɛyɔɔdɩna ɖama « WhatsApp » yɔɔ lɛ, pʋpɔzʋʋ se mɩ-naalɛ ɩwɛɛna paa weyi lɛ kaŋgalafu ŋgʋ payaɣ se « Android » yɔ.
Ɛyʋ ɛwɩna kaŋgalafu « Android » nɛ ɛwɛɛ « WhatsApp » nimaɣ yɔɔ kɔyɔ, ɛnaɣ nɛ ɛtɛ ɛnɩɩ tɔm tɩŋa payɩ ndʋ tɩlakɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ yɔ. Yee ɛnɩ tɔm natʋyʋ nɛ tɩkɛdɩna-ɩ kɔyɔ, ɛpɩzɩ etiyina-tʋ e-koobiya tɩŋa payɩ mba pɛwɛna kaŋgalafu « Android » yɔ. Paba ɖɔɖɔ panɩ natʋyʋ kɔyɔ papɩzɩ petiyina-ɩ-tʋ. Ɛyʋ pɩzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ ɛlɩzɩ kɩlɛmɩŋ weyi ɛsɔɔlaa yɔ nɛ etiyina-yɛ e-koobiya mba ɛsɔɔlaa yɔ pɩtɩŋna « WhatsApp » yɔɔ. 

Ɖajaa Jan Koum nɛ Ɖajaa Brian Acton patʋlɩ « WhatsApp » tʋma. Pɩnaɣ 2009 taa patʋla-yɛ. Ɖajaanaa panɛ pa-naalɛ palakaɣ « site web » ŋgʋ payaɣ se « Yahoo » yɔ kʋ-tʋma sɔsɔna. Halɩ papɩzɩ pɔtɔ se ḿba lɩzɩna-kʋ. Palɩzɩ « WhatsApp » se kɩlɩzɩ mbʋ payaɣ se « SMS » waa yɔ kaŋgalafunaa taa. « WhatsApp » tʋma ñʋʋ wɛ Mountain View tɛtʋ taa Californie ɛjaɖɛ taa. 

Facebook yaba « WhatsApp » tʋma lɛlaɣ fenaɣ, pɩnaɣ 2014 taa liidiye dollars waa 19 miiliyarɩ. Dollars waa ḿba pa-taa miiliyarɩ waa hiu nɛ kakpaanzɩ (15) ɖɛɣ « Facebook » tʋma ɖeɖe. Tɔbʋʋ se pɛhɛyɩɣ « Facebook » taa tʋmlaɖʋ liidiye miiliyɔɔ waa 350 yaa dollars waa 40 paa nesi ɖʋyʋ weyi lɛ.

Paɖaɣnɩ sɔzʋʋ « Facebook » taa tɔmlaɖaa liidiye yɔɔ. Nɔɔnɔɔ pɛhɛyɩɣ « Facebook » taa tɔmlaɖʋ liidiye miiliyarɩ waa.
Krowasii

Krowasii kɛna Erɔpɩ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ, samaɣ tɔʊ caca nɛ palɩzɩ kewiyaɣ ñʊʊtʊ. Pʊcɔ nɛ palɩzɩ peeɖe paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, patɩŋgʊʊna takayɩsɩ ɖʊzʊʊ yɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ. Caca ŋgʊ pɔtɔʊ-kʊ yɔ kɩwɩʊ ɖiu ɖiu nɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ taa mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ lɛɣzɩʊ kɩfam mbʊ pɩlɩwa yɔ nɛ payaɣ-pʊ se temokrasii yɔ, pɩwɛ peeɖe. Ajɛya wena acɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ata yɔ anaa yɔ: Silovenii, Sɛrɩbii, Pɔsɩnii-Hɛɛɖɩzigoovini nɛ Montenogroo. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Sagɛbi nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖiwɛ Erɔpɩ ajɛya kɩkpɛndʊ taa ɖooo hasɩ yaɖɛ fɩyaɣ kacalaɣ ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 2013.

Krowasii ɛjaɖɛ taa kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pɔyɔɔdʊʊ yɔ ɩnʊ lɛ krowati nɛ latɛŋ. Ɛlɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pawɩlɩɣ sukulinaa taa nɛ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ komina tʊma taa yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ, krowati. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa maɣna 56 594 km2 nɛ ɖenɖe lɩm wɛɛ yɔ ɖɩnɛ ñatalɩɣ ɛzɩ 31 067 km2  yɔ.

Krowasii ɛjaɖɛ mʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛtʊ mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ 25 pɩnaɣ 1991 ŋga taa ɛlɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ 15 pɩnaɣ 1992 ŋga taa kɛ keteŋga kpeekpe ɖɔkʊʊ se ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩmʊʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ. Pakala ɛyaa kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lwayɩ nɛ wayɩ kʊnɛ lɛ, pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 4 225 316. Liidiye nɖɩ pɔtɔkɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa yɔ nɖɩ payaɣ se Kuna. Yee ɛyʊ ɛsɔɔlaa se ɛyaɣ ɛjaɖɛ  nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa kɔyɔ ɛmaɣ +385 nɛ pʊcɔ ɛma weyi ɛcaɣ yaʊ yɔ ɛ-tɛ kaŋgalafʊ mayaɣ. Payaɣ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊtʊ kɩfalʊ se Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović nɛ kewiyaɣ ñɩnʊ lɛ Andrej Plenković.
Cɛɛkɩ

Cɛɛkɩ kɛnɛ Eerɔpʊ nɛ hɛkʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ teŋgu nakʊyʊ wɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩcɔlɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ, samaɣ tɔʊ caca nɛ palɩzɩ kewiyaɣ ñʊʊtʊ. Pʊcɔ nɛ palɩzɩ peeɖe paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, patɩŋgʊʊna takayɩsɩ ɖʊzʊʊ yɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ. Caca ŋgʊ pɔtɔʊ-kʊ yɔ kɩwɩʊ ɖiu ɖiu nɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ taa mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ lɛɣzɩʊ kɩfam mbʊ pɩlɩwa yɔ nɛ payaɣ-pʊ se Temokraasii yɔ, pɩwɛ peeɖe.

Ɖi-walanzɩ taa maɣna ɛzɩ 78 870 km2 yɔ nɛ pɩnaɣ 2017 taa pakala ɛyaa kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ, pɛkpɛnda 10 578 820. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ɖi-wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ nɖi payaɣ-ɖɩ se Pɔlɔɔñɩ yɔ nɖɩ wɛna, piyele nɛ Caama ñɛwɛna ɖi-hayʊ kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ɖi-hadɛ kiŋ lɛ, Otirisi ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Siloovakii ɛjaɖɛ wɛna ɖɩ-hadɛkiŋ kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖi-taa ageeta sɔsɔna wena awɛ ɖɩ-taa yɔ, ataa kɔyɔ: Powɛmɩ, Moɖaavi nɛ Silezi hɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖooo lɛ ɖɩɩkɛ  ɛjaɖɛ nɖi payaɣ-ɖi se Cekɔsiloovaki yɔ ɖɩ-taa egeeiye naɖɩyɛ pʊcɔnɛ pɩnaɣ 1969 lɛ pacɩɩ-ɖi nɛ ɖɩpɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ keem.

Cɛɛkɩ mʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ kɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kacalaɣ wiye pɩnaɣ 1993. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ OTAN ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɖooo lakɩŋ fenaɣ hiu nɛ naalɛ (12) pɩnaɣ 1999 nɛ Eerɔpʊ ɖama nɩnaʊ ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɖooo agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ kajalaɣ ñɩŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 2004. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩtɛ kɩɖaʊ kɛdɛɛka wondu kanɖa kɔyɔ se Teevenim Wakɩ nɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ payaɣ se ɖa-caa Miloŝ Zeman nɛ kewiyaɣ ñʊʊdʊ payaɣ se Bohuslav Sobotka. Kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pɔyɔɔdʊʊ kominanaa tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlɩɣ sukulinaa taa yɔ ɩnʊʊ lɛ cɛɛkɩ nɛ piraagɩ. Pʊcɔ nɛ ɛyʊ yaa lɛlʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖi-taa lɛ, pɩwɛɛ se ɛma +420 pʊcɔ nɛ ɛɛma ɛ-tɛ kaŋgalafu nimaɣ mayaɣ.
Sɛɛribii

**Sɛɛribii** kɛna Eerɔpʊ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛ ajɛya wena payaɣ-yɛ se palɩkaŋ yɔ a-taa. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa lɛ, samaɣ tɔʊ caca nɛ palɩzɩ kewiyaɣ ñʊʊtʊ. Pʊcɔ nɛ palɩzɩ peeɖe paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, patɩŋgʊʊna takayɩsɩ ɖʊzʊʊ yɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ. Caca ŋgʊ pɔtɔʊ-kʊ yɔ kɩwɩʊ ɖiu ɖiu nɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ taa mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ lɛɣzʊʊ kɩfam mbʊ pɩlɩwa yɔ nɛ payaɣ-pʊ se temokrasii yɔ, pɩwɛ peeɖe.

Ajɛya wena acɔ-ɖɩ nɛ ataa yɔ, anaa yɔ: Pɔsinii-Hɛɖɩzigooviini, Krowasii, Hɔŋgirii, Rumanii, Pulugarii, Masedonii, Kosovo nɛ Montenegro. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Pɛlɩgradɩ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩyɔɔ wɛʊ kɛ 1166. Payaɣ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ payaɣ se Aleksandar Vučićnɛ kewiyaɣ yɔɔ cɔnayʊ yɔ Ana Brnabić.

Kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pɔyɔɔdʊʊ kominanaa tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlɩɣ sukulinaa taa yɔ ɩnʊʊ lɛsɛrɩbɩ nɛpɛlɛgradɩ. Pakala ɛyaa kɛ Sɛɛribii ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ pɛkpɛndɩ ɛyaa 7 111 973 yee pɛtɛkpɛndɩna Kosovo koyɔ ɛlɛ yee pɛkpɛndɩna-kʊ yɔ, palɩʊ ɛyaa ɛzɩ 8 916 917 yɔ. Pʊcɔ nɛ ɛyʊ yaa lɛlʊ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖi-taa lɛ, pɩwɛɛ se ɛma +381 pʊcɔ nɛ ɛɛma ɛ-tɛ kaŋgalafu nimaɣ mayaɣ.
Aɖaɖa

Aɖaɖa kɛna kpɩnɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛna hɩila yɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩkɛna kpɩnɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlʊlʊʊ kʊlʊlʊ yɔ, ɖɩɩɖʊʊ yala kʊɖʊ. Aɖaɖa wɛna kpakpakɩŋ naalɛ kinziiye wayɩ nɛ kpakpakiŋ ɩnʊ ɩ-kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ taa talʊʊ ɛzɩ mɛta tɛ mɩnɩʊ hɔɔlaɣ 75 yɔ (75 cm). Kpɩnɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ taa talʊʊ ɛzɩ mɛta 1,85 yɔ (1,85 m) nɛ yee pakpaɣna kɩ-naŋgbanzɩ nɛ pɩkpɛndɩna kɩ-kpakpakɩŋ kɔyɔ pɩtalɩɣ mɛtanaa naalɛ. Aɖaɖa pɩzɩɣ kɩkpadayɩ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 60 yaa 70 mbʊ yɔ. Kpɩnɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩɩpɩzɩɣ seu siŋŋŋ ɛzɩ kɔŋgɔmʊʊ yaa aɖaɖa ŋgʊ kɩwɛna kpakpakʊ kʊɖʊmʊʊ yɔ (dromadaire).

Aɖaɖa pɩzɩɣ kise ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa nɛɛlɛ yɔ kɛ ñɩɩyʊʊ kʊɖʊmʊ nɛ kɩpɩzɩɣ kɩsɛ ɖoŋ ɖoŋ kɛ kilomɛtanaa hiu kɛ ñɩɩyʊʊ kʊɖɔmʊʊ yɔɔ nɛ kɩɩsɩŋgʊʊ. Aɖaɖanaa mba pɛwɛna kpakpakɩŋ naalɛ yɔ patatalɩ paalɩka kɛ aɖaɖa ŋgʊ kɩwɛna kpakpakʊ kʊɖʊmʊʊ yɔ nɛ kɩtatalɩ-kʊ ɖɔɖɔ ninvila ɛlɛ kɩkɩla-kʊ hʊndʊ pʊndʊlʊm wɛnaʊ.

Aɖaɖana lɩna Azii keteŋga hɛkʊ taa nɛ ɖooo kacalaɣ mba kaakɛ ñɩtʊ taa kpɩna nɛ paawɛ Kobi kañɩmbusaɣ taa. Azii hɛkʊ taa kɛ pakɩlɩɣ aɖaɖa labɩnaʊ tʊmɩyɛ ɛlɛ Azii hadɛ kiŋ taa nɛ Azii cikpeluu taa lɛ aɖaɖana mba pɛwɛna kpakpakɩŋ kʊɖumʊʊ yɔ, mba palakɩna tʊma. Ɛya maɣzʊʊ se aɖaɖana mba pɔyɔɔdʊ pɔ-tɔm cɩnɛ yɔ, pɛwɛ Afrika taa ɛlɛ pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ. Aɖaɖana mba pɛwɛ Afrika taa yɔ, pawɛna kpakpakʊ kʊɖʊmʊʊ.
Tɩnozɔɔrɩ

Tinozɔɔrɩnaa wɛ ɖomaa yaa tɛtɛ wendu ndʊ tiduu ti-lotu yɔɔ yɔ tɩ-pɩlɩʊ taa. Tinozɔɔrɩnaa yɔɔ wɛ pɔɔya ɛzɩ kpakpasɩ, kɩlakɩŋ yaa kamasɩ yɔ. Ɖooo caanaʊ taa wondu kpɛlɛkɩyaa yɔɔdʊʊ se Tinozɔɔrɩnaa wɛʊ yɔ, palɩna sʊmasɩ pɩlɩʊ taa. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se paakɛ sʊmasɩ nɛ pʊcɔ papɩsɩ Tinozɔɔrɩnaa. Mbʊ pɩwɩlɩʊ siŋŋŋ yɔ lɛ se Tinozɔɔrɩnaa nabayɛ yɔɔ nɛ kalɩhʊndʊ yaa sɩmasɩ hʊndʊ. 

Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩʊ nzɩ sɩtɛma ɖɛʊ yɔ sɩ-taa nɛ pɩnzɩ sɩnɛ sɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ pana Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ Tinozɔɔrɩnaa nabayɩ nɛ mbʊ tasɩɣna wɩlɩʊ camɩyɛ se sumasɩ nzɩ ɖɩnaɣ yɔ, sɩ-cɔzɔnaa kɔyɔ Tinozɔɔrɩnaa. Ɖooo ɛzɩ Tinozɔɔrɩnaa lɩʊ pɩnaɣ XIX taa nɛ XXI taa ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ yɔ, ñɩnɩyaa taatɩɩpɩzɩta pɛkɛdɩ camɩyɛ Tinozɔɔrɩnaa hʊndʊ sɛmɩŋ yaa wɛtʊ. 

Tinozɔɔrɩnaa tɛ ɖaɣlakɩŋ taa wɛ ɛzɩ mɛtanaa 8 nɛ 10 yɔ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa piyele nɛ pɛtɛ hɩlɩmʊʊ taa yaa pɛtɛ yʊŋ taa talʊʊ ɛzɩ  600 nɛ 900 kg yɔ pɛhɛkʊ taa. Sɔnɔ taa mbʊ yɔ, Tinozɔɔrɩnaa kɛŋna tɛtɛ kpɩnaa wena akɩlɩ hʊŋ nɛ ɖaɣlakɩŋ yɔ kɛ keteŋga kpeekpe taa. 

Tinozɔɔrɩ ŋgʊ pana kʊ-mɔɔ awɛ atɩŋga nɛ pamaazɩ-yɛ yɔ, pana se kɩ-ɖaalakɩŋ kpaʊ yɔɔ tala ɛzɩ mɛtanaa hiu nɛ naalɛ yɔ piyele kɩ-ɖaalakɩŋ lɔɔ taa lɛ, pɩɖɛ ɛzɩ mɛtanaa naalɛ nɛ hɔɔlʊʊ yɔ. Tinozɔɔrɩ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ hʊŋ hɩlɩmaɣ taa lɛ pɩxɛ ɛzɩ tɔɔnɩnaa 30 nɛ 60 pɛ-hɛkʊ taa. Pʊtɔzʊ ɖɔɖɔ tu weyi ɛwɛ Afrika tuuye naɖɩyɛ taa yɔ ɛ-tɔm. Tu ɛnʊ  ñaakɛŋna keteŋna kpeekpe yɔɔ kpɩnɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɩla yʊŋ yɔ nɛ ɖɩ-yʊn taa wɛ tɔɔnɩnaa lʊbɛ nɛ hɔɔlʊʊ. Tinozɔɔrɩ ŋgʊ kɩkɩla ɖaalakɩŋ yɔ patʊʊ-kʊ hɩɖɛ se Diplodocus nɛ kɩ-ɖaalakɩŋ taa wɛ mɛtanaa 27; paana-kʊ pɩnaɣ 1907 taa.
Thomas Merton

Palʊla Thomas Merton kɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ 13 pɩnaɣ 1915 Praadɩ tɛtʊ taa, Piirenee wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛsɩba kɛgbɛtɛsaɣ nakayɩ taa saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ hiu pɩnaɣ 1968, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 53. Pankɔkɩ tɛtʊ taa ɛsɩba, Tayilandɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Thomas Merton, yaa Fada Louis, kaakɛ moine cistercien-trappiste américain. Pɩnaɣ 1938 ɛpisɩ ɛ-laŋgɩyɛ katolika taa nɛ piteleeɖi lɛ, ɛpɩsɩ moine trappiste abbaye de Gethsemani kɩ-taa. Ɛma takayɩsɩ spirituel, keesi takayɩsɩ nɛ ɛɛkɛ weyi ɛlʊkaɣ ɛ-tɛ samaɣ yɔɔ yɔ. Pʊcɔ nɛ ɛsɩkɩ mbʊ lɛ, ɛɛsɔɔla se monastères ɛkɛdɩɣ ɖama mbʊ mbʊ palakɩ cɩnɛ yaa peeɖaɣ yɔ.    

Ɛ-hɔʊ taa mba kɛ anglikanɩ ŋgbɛyɛ taa mba. Payaɣ ɛ-caa se Owen Merton nɛ ɛlɛ kɛneo Seelandɛɛ, piyele e-ɖooo kɛ amerika tʊ payaɣ ɛlɛ se Ruth Jenkins nɛ ɛwɛna ɛ-hɔ taa mba kɛ Aŋglɩtɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛ-ñɩma mba patɩŋga pɛkɛ tɔlɩm tayaa nɛ peteleɖiɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ. E-ɖooo lɛɣna sɩbʊ pɩnaɣ 1921 nɛ pɩnzɩ naalɛ wayɩ lɛ, ɛ-caa tɩŋ ɛwayɩ. Ɛ-pɩcatʊ taa ɛtacaɣ ɛ-tɔbʊʊ yɔɔ, ɛkɛ weyi ɛɖɛ nʊmɔɩŋ sakɩyɛ yɔ. Ɛɛsɔɔlɩ wobu ajɛya ndɩ ndɩ wena a-taa ɛ-ñɩma kaalaba tɔlɩm tʊma yɔ: Etaazuni, Pɛrmudi nɛ Fransɩ ajɛya taa. Ajɛya ana a-taa wobu kaataawɛyɩ kaɖɛ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pɔyɔɔdaɣ peeɖe yɔ, ɛnɩwaɣ-ɩ. 

Pɩnzɩ 1933 nɛ 1934 taa kɛ ɛkpɛlɛka fransɩɩ nɛ iitaliɛŋ kɛ Kambriji, Aŋglɩtɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Pɩnaɣ 1935 taa kɛ ɛsʊ Kolombii sukuli kɩtɛzɩɣ taa, New York tɛtʊ taa. Ɛlaba pɩnzɩ naatozo lɛ, ɛmʊ peeɖe sukuli kɩtɛzɩɣ takayaɣ nɛ ɛsʊʊ katolika ɛsʊ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ taa. Ɛanɩwaɣ Ɛsɔ yatʊ ɛ-laŋgɩyɛ taa se ɛsʊʊ Fransisikɛŋ ɛsɔsɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɛlɛ ɛpʊtaɣ nɛ eyele ɛpaɣzɩ aŋgilisi wɩlɩʊ kɛ Bonavanture kɩɖɛɖeu sukuli taa.

Pɩnaɣ 1941 taa kɛ ɛsʊ abbaye trappiste de Gethsemani taa kɛ Etaazuni ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛwɛ peeɖe nɛ pɩnzɩ looɖo wayɩ lɛ, e-ɖuu nɛ pɩnaɣ 1949 lɛ, pakpa-ɩ layʊ. Peeɖe Ɛ-sʊsɔ Abbé heya-i se ɛma ɛmaɣmaɣ ɛ-yɔɔ tɔm. Pɩla mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ takayaɣ ŋga ɛmaa yɔ, ɛyaa-kɛ se Ɖoo wena a-taa tɩyɩnzɩ fɛyɩ yɔ. Ɛ-takayaɣ ŋga, kala ɖeu nɛ palɩzɩ-kɛ nɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa.

Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ XX taa yee pañɩnɩɣ mba pakɩlɩ takayɩsɩ spirituel maʊ yɔ pa-taa kɔyɔ, panaɣ Thomas Merton. Ɛma laŋgɩyɛ pɩsɩʊ takayɩsɩ sakɩyɛ, Keesi nɛ essais pɩkɩlɩna yoŋ nɛ racisme pɔyɔɔ tɔm.

Saŋgayɩŋ fenaɣ hiu pɩnaɣ 1968 kɛ Thomas Merton siba Paŋkɔkɩ, Tayilandɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 53. Ɛtasɩ yem ɛlɛ ladiriki nimaɣ mabɩna-ɩ nɛ ɛsɩ. Ewoba ɛsɔ lɩm nɛ ɛlɩwaɣ lɛ, heelim fɛtɩyaɣ nimaɣ kaawɛka pazɩ nɛ ɛtana nɛ ŋga mabɩna-ɩ nɛ ɛtɔlɩ nɛ ɛcaŋ ɛɖɛɛ.
Plʊtɔɔ

Plʊtɔɔ (kɩɖaŋ:  nɛ ) kɛna wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga nakɛyɛ. Tɩŋga ŋga kakɩla paɣlɩka yɔ ŋga lɛ Eris. Plʊtɔɔ kɛna tɩŋga cikpelaɣ nakayɩ nɛ payaɣ-kɛ nabʊyʊ taa se 134340 ɖɔɖɔ. Tɩŋga kanɛ kɩ-tɛ diamètre maɣna kilomɛtanaa 2 372 pʊtɔbʊʊ se yee pakpaɣ fenaɣ tɛ diamètre nɛ pɛtɛyɩ-kʊ tɔm naputozo taa kɔyɔ, Plʊtɔɔ kpakɩɣ napʊlɛ. Plʊtɔɔ kɛna wonuu nakʊyʊ ñɩŋgʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ wondu ndʊ tɩkɩla paɣlʊʊ nɛ kɩwɛ wɩsɩ cɔlɔ kpɛɛɛ yɔ. Yee pɛkɛdɩɣ kɩ-tɛ hilimiye kɔyɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ hiu ŋgʊ. Ñɩnɩya ñɩnaɣ se pana se ɛbɛ nɛ ɛbɛ pɩwɛ tɩyɩnzɩ kpeekpe taa lɛ, Plʊtɔɔ pɛlɛɣ naʊ nɛ tɩŋga kanɛ koposina wɩsɩ ɛzɩ  30 nɛ 49 kɛ tɩyɩnzɩ kpɛlɛkʊ ɛgbamɩyɛ taa. Kɩwɛ pɩlɩʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Kuiper tɩyɩnzɩ nʊmɔʊ yɔ kɩ-taa.

Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1930 kɛ Amerika taa tɩyɩnzɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Clyde Tombaugh yɔ ɛna caɩyɛ Plʊtɔɔ tɩyɩnzɩ kpeekpe taa nɛ ŋgʊ kaakɛŋna tɩŋga nakʊ ñɩŋgʊ. Kpaɣna pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ XX nɛ XXI taa pana tɩŋga nakayɩ nɛ payaɣ-kɛ se Eris. Eris tɩŋga kanɛ pamaazɩ-kɛ lɛ, kɩkɩla paɣlʊʊ pazɩ kɛ Plʊtɔɔ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ 24 pɩnaɣ 2006 taa pakpaɣ Eris ɛzɩ ŋgʊ ɖɔɖɔ kɩkɛ tɩŋga. Pɩlaba mbʊ lɛ, pɔcɔna se ndʊ paamaɣza Plʊtɔɔ yɔɔ yɔ pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ siŋŋŋ nɛ pɛtɛzɩ Plʊtɔɔ kpaaʊ se kɩwɛɛ wondu ndʊ tɩwɛɛ ñɩɩɩ ñɩɩɩ yɔ tɩ-taa pʊyɔɔ kɛ pamaɣzɩɣ-kɛ nɛ cɛcɛsɩ sɩnɛ: 134340. Plʊtɔɔ kʊnɛ kɩ-taa wondu ndʊ pakɩlɩɣ naʊ yɔ ndʊ lɛ kaaŋ, metani (méthane) ɖɔm pɛ, lɩm pɛ nɛ azotɩ kiniidu ɖɩŋɖɩŋ. Ñɩinɩyaa mba paalɛɣ Plʊtɔɔ naʊ yɔ pa-taa kɔyɔ Greg Buchwald, Michel DiMario nɛ Walter Wild. 

Pɩɩkɛ Siikagoo tɩɩnzɩ kpeekpe ité taa pɩnaɣ 1909 taa. Pɩwayɩ lɛ, ñɩnɩyaa sakɩyɛ na-kʊ ɛzɩ tɔm hiu nɛ naanza (14) mbʊ yɔ nɛ pa-taa kɛlɛ Heidelberg kɔlaɣ fenaɣ 23 pɩnaɣ 1914. Pɩnaɣ 1930 taa siŋŋŋ kɛ pana Plʊtɔɔ nɛ panya-kʊ se planɛte X. Patana-kʊ yem ɛlɛ Percival Lowell ñɩnaɣna se ɛna mbʊ piyiiduu tɩŋga ŋga payaɣ-kɛ se nɛptunɩ yɔ. Pɩwayɩ lɛ, tɩyɩnzɩ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Tombaugh yɔ ɛñɔɔzɩ ɛ-tɩ camɩyɛ nɛ ɛpaɣzɩ lɩzʊ fotonaa kpaɣ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ 29 pɩnaɣ 1930 taa. Ɛcɛkaɣ fotonaa mba tɔm naputozo taa ɖama yɔɔ nɛ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ 18 pɩnaɣ kʊɖumaɣ ŋga ka-taa lɛ, ɛ-lɩmaaza wolo nɛ ɛna se nabʊyʊ ciidiɣ hɛkʊ taa. Pɩla mbʊ lɛ, Lowell ñɩnɩyaa lala tasɩ ñɩnɩʊ kɛ *Harvard College Observatory* taa nɛ palɩzɩ ɖɔɖɔ fotonaa lakɩŋ fenaɣ 13 pɩnaɣ 1930 nɛ panacamɩyɛ nɛ petizi se tɩŋga nakayɩ wɛɛ nɛpayaɣ-kɛ Plʊtɔɔ. Tɛʊ fema lɛ, Tɩyɩnzɩ Ñɩnɩyaa kpeekpe kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ susi kpaaa kɛ tɔm kɩfatʊ tʊnɛ. Tɩŋga kanɛ, pʊcɔ nɛ kapɩsɩɣ ka-tɩ yɔɔ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɩ nɛ pɩtɛlɛ, kaɖʊ avema looɖo nɛ ñɩɩtʊ nakʊ nɛ cɛccɛsɩ hiu nɛ lʊbɛ.

NASA lɔ ɛsɔtaa kɔlaɣ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 2006 kɛ loyuu kɩluzʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩñɩnɩɣ wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩnzɩ taa yɔ, New Horizons, nɛ kɩtalɩ Plʊtɔɔ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ 14 pɩnaɣ 2015. Ki-seɣa taa wɛ kilomɛtanaa 11 095 nɛ loyuu kiluzuu ŋgʊ lɛ kacalaɣ ŋgʊ ŋgʊ kɩpɩzaa kɩsʊʊ Pliitɔɔ taa camɩyɛ yɔ. Kɩkʊyɩna tɛtaa nɛ kɩtalɩ Pliitɔɔ lɛ kilomɛtanaa miliyaarɩwaa 6,4 kɩlaba.
Tɛtʊ wondu cikpetu

Tɛtɛ wondu cikpetu wɛ wondu ndʊ tɩfɛyɩna mɔɔ yɔ tɩ-pɩlɩŋ taa. Tɛtɛ wondu cikpetu tʊnɛ tɩwɛna hɔɔlɩŋ sɔsɔŋ naatozo: ñʊʊ, laŋgɩyɛ nɛ lotu. Ñʊʊ yɔɔ lɛ, ɛsa naalɛ, ŋjʊyɛ nɛ hɩlɩŋ naalɛ sɛŋŋŋ sɛŋŋŋ. Laŋgɩyɛ yɔɔ lɛ acɩya looɖo wɛna, naatozo nʊwaŋ yɔɔ nɛ naatozo ɖɔɖɔ nɩmɩyɛ yɔɔ. Laŋgɩyɛ yɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ kɛ keŋ naalɛ wɛɛ nɛ nabʊyʊ taa lɛ kɛŋ ɩnʊ ɩtɩkɩlɩ ɖaalʊ. Piyele laŋgɩyɛ huuzina lotu yɔɔ kam.


File:Blauflügelige Ödlandschrecke.jpg|thumb|Blauflügelige Ödlandschrecke
File:Mantis (Leaf Insect).jpg|thumb|Mante religieuse
File:Rehat Sejenak.jpg|thumb|Libellule
File:Say Stink Bug, Chlorochroa sayi; Pentatomidae, green beetle, pretty bug in Yellowstone National Park.JPG|thumb|Kpandɩgbama, Chlorochroa sayi; Pentatomidae, Yellowstone National Park


Tɛtɛ wondu cikpena wena atɛma wɛʊ yɔ aɖɛ ɛzɩ miliyɔnaa 1,3 yɔ nɛ wena ɑɖɩɩna lɩuʊ efemiye efemiye yɔ, alɛ talʊʊ ɛzɩ kutokiŋ hiu (10 000) yɔ. Wondʊ ndʊ ndʊ tɩwɛ tataa cɩnɛ yɔ, tɩ-taa payɩ lɛ, tɛtɛ wondu cikpetu pɩlɩŋ kɩlɩna ɖɔʊ nɛ pɔtɔma se pakalɩɣ pɩlɩŋ ɩnʊ yɔ, ɩtalʊ pɩlɩŋ 80 mbʊ yɔ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se mbʊ pifezuu ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ cɩnɛ yɔ pɩtɩŋga pɩtaa lɛ, pakpaɣ-tʊ mɩnɩʊ kɔyɔ, tɛtɛ wondu cikpetu ndʊ tɩtala ɛzɩ 80 yɔ (80 %). Yee pakpaɣ tɛtɛ wondu tʊnɛ tɩ-tɛ pɩlɩŋ kpɛndʊ kɔyɔ, pɩwɛ ɛz ɩ ɛyaa tɛ tɔm 300 taa yɔ, nɛ naanza taa kɛ tɛtɛ kpɩna sɔsɔna taa yɔ. Tɛtʊ wondu cikpetu ndʊ tɩwɛna keŋ nɛ tɩkʊyʊ wɛ tiɖeke tɩtala mbʊ pifezu yɔ pɩtɛ hɔɔlʊʊ kɛ mɩnɩu yɔɔ. Tɛtɛ wondu cikpetu tʊnɛ, ndʊ kɛŋna ɖooo kacalaɣ wondu ndʊ tɩcala tɛtʊ yɔɔ wɛʊ yɔ. Ɖooo ɛzɩ tɩwɛʊ yɔ pɩlakɩ pɩnzɩ 400 yɔ.


File:A goldbug.jpg|thumb|A goldbug
File:Abeille charpentière - Xylocopa.jpg|thumb|Abeille charpentière - Xylocopa
File:Bettle.jpg|thumb|Beatle
File:Crimson Marsh Glider (Trithemis aurora).jpg|thumb|Crimson Marsh Glider (Trithemis aurora)
Sotubɔɔ

Sotubɔɔ kɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ taa maalika nakɛyɛ nɛ kɩwɛ Sogoɖɛyɩ tɛtʊ taa. Sotubɔɔ egeetiye taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tiposina Sɔgɔɖɛyɩ tɛtʊ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 284 yɔ nɛ wayɩ nɛ wayɩ kɩgalʊʊ ŋgʊ pakalaa yɔ, pɩnaɣ 2014, ɛyaa tala ɛzɩ 22 721 yɔ. 

Ɛbɛ laba nɛ payaa tɛtʊ tʊnɛ se Sotubɔɔ? Hɩɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩlɩna peeɖe pɔɔ nakɛyɛ hɩɖɛ yɔɔ. Pɔɔ ŋga kɛwɛ sotu kamaɣ fɛyɩ, mbʊ yebina nɛ payaa peeɖe se Sotubɔɔ: Sotu nɛ pɔɔ pɩlabɩna Sotubɔɔ. Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Haŋgayɩ pɔɔ wɛna.  

Tɔmʊʊ nakʊyʊ wɛɛ nɛ kɩɩsɔʊ Sotubɔɔ caanaʊ tɔm taa. Ŋgʊ lɛ se saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ loɖo pɩnaɣ 1965 kɛkpɛtɛsaɣ nakɛyɛ laba maalika ŋga ka-taa, lɔɔɖa naalɛ naayɛ kata ɖama nɛ ayele asʊʊ samaɣ nakɛyɛ taa paaɖɩɩna paʊ nɛ ɛyaa 125 hiu sɩm.
Sɔgɔɖɛyɩ

Sɔgɔɖɛyɩ kɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ. Sɔgɔɖɛyɩ kɛ Togo hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ taa egeetiye tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ nɛ wayɩ nɛ wayɩ kɩgalʊʊ ŋgʊ pakalaa yɔ, pɩnaɣ 2010, ɛyaa tala ɛzɩ 118 852 yɔ. Sɔgɔɖɛyɩ kɛ Kotokoli mba tɛtʊ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se mba calɩna wɛʊ peeɖe ɖooo kiɖe tɛɛ. Kotokoli yaa tem kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, Sɔgɔɖɛyɩ tɔbʊʊ se mba pɛwɛ laɣzaɣ kamaɣ fɛyɩ yɔ. Sɔgɔɖɛyɩ tɛtʊ taa malɩŋ kɩlɩna wɛʊ. 

Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ tɩsɩ kamaɣ nɛ Atakpaam nɛ hayʊ kɩŋ lɛ Kayaɣ, pɩyele wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Ɖahʊma yaa Peenɛɛ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, Kana ɛjaɖɛ.

Ɖooo lɛ mba payawaɣ-wɛ Kʊɖuma nɛ palɩna Niizɛɛrɩ yɔ, mba kaawobina peeɖe nɛ palakɩ tadɩyɛ nɛ maba wonina ɖɔɖɔ malɩŋ ɛsɔ sɛtʊ. Mba ɖɔɖɔ wonina kewiitu tɔm. Ɖooo Caama mba kpacayaɣ Togo ɛjaɖɛ lɛ, Sɔgɔɖɛyɩ kaakɛŋna nʊmɔyasa nzɩ sɩ-taa pɛlɛɛzaɣ kɔpɖɛ kɛ Kana ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Ɖahʊma ñɩnɖɛ yɔ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-hɛkʊ taa kɛ ɛyʊ ɛkʊyɩ Loma ɛtɩŋgʊna nɛ ɛɖɛʊ Purkinaa Fasoo.    

Sɔgɔɖɛyɩ taa ɛyaa mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ lɛ, malɩŋ tala ɛzɩ 70 yɔ nɛ pɩkaza 30 mba yɔ, mba lɛ krɩstʊ mba, pɩkɩlɩna katolika mba. Kʊnʊɩŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlɩʊ yɔɔdʊ yɔ ŋgʊ lɛ kotokoli yaa tem. Pɔyɔɔdɩɣ kʊnʊmɩŋ lɛɛŋ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ kabɩyɛ nɛ ahʊna yɔ. 

Togo nɛ kɩ-hadɛ kiŋ lɛ ahʊna pakɩlɩʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛzɩ pakɩlɩɣ kabɩyɛ yɔɔdʊʊ kɛ Togo nɛ kɩ-hayʊ kiŋ yɔ. Kabɩyɛ nɛ Kotokoli pɛkɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi ɛñɔtɩna ɖama yɔɔdaɣ taa yɔ. Kʊnʊmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ mba wɛ ɖɔɖɔ peeɖe. Ɖooo lɛ tɛtʊ kuduyiŋ kaakilɩna wɛʊ nɛ kancɩnaa kɩpɩma ɛlɛ lɛɛlɛɛ yɔ, simaɣ kuduyiŋ nɛɛ taalɩnaa wɛɛ ɩɖɔʊ nɛ ɩɖɔʊ.

Togo taa tɔsʊʊ tʊma lona hɔɔlɩŋ kpɛnda kagbaanzɩ: Kadasɩ hɔɔlʊʊ (Savanes); Kayaɣ hɔɔlʊʊ, Hɛkʊ taa hɔɔlʊʊ (Centrale), Piyisi yɔɔ hɔɔlʊʊ (Plateaux) nɛ Teŋgu nɔɔ hɔɔlʊʊ.
Ŋwɛcɩ

Ŋwɛcɩ kɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩwɛ Piyisi yɔɔ hɔɔlʊʊ (Région des Plateaux) taa nɛ tɩkɛna ahʊna mba tɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Hayʊ kiŋ lɛ, tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩna Ogu egeetiye pasɩna ɖamaa kamaɣ, hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Siiyɔ egeetiye, wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ mɔnɔ cikpeluu (Moyen-mono) nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, Agu egetiye. 

Ŋwɛcɩ kɛŋna ahʊna mba tɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ nɛ peeɖe pɔtɔkɩ pɛ-tɛ kazandʊ sɔssɔtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ Agbogbozaŋ yɔ. Pa-kazandʊ ndʊ, tɩwɩlɩɣ siŋŋŋ se, pɔtɔsɔɔ po-cɔzɔnaa sɔnzɩ yɔɔ. Papaɣzɩʊ-sɩ salaŋ fenaɣ kacalaɣ wiye nɛ paa ahʊna-tʊ weyi ɛɛwɛ le yaa le kɔyɔ, pɩkɛna-ɩ kɩcɛyʊʊ se ewolo sɩ-taa. Sɔnzɩ nzɩ sɩ-ɖeɖe Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa, mba pɛkɛ ahʊna mba payɩ yɔ, pɩwɛɛ se paa anɩ lɛ, ekpe ɛ-tɛ. Mbʊ wɩlɩɣna se Ŋwɛcɩ kɛŋna ahʊna mba tɛ ɖaɣ sɔsɔɣa. Peeɖe atɔtɔnaa pakɩlɩɣ hayʊ. 

Peeɖe koloŋga sɔsɔɣa nakɛyɩ wɛɛ nɛ wiyau Akokoli kaamana-kɛ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, pɩɩkɛna pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ XVII taa nɛ you nakʊyʊ kaawɛɛ. Mbʊ yebina ɛma koloŋga ŋga nɛ ahʊna mba nɛ akɔsɔ mba pɛmɛlɩɣ kɛ-tɛɛ.

Maalika kɛnɛ kɔ-yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ kɩfalʊ payaɣ se AGOKOLI IV nɛ ɛ-hɩɖɛ maɣmaɣ kɛlɛ AGBOLI KOSSI, ɛlakaɣ komina tʊmɩyɛ nɛ ɛɖɛɛ hɛzʊʊ.
Kayaɣ

Kayaɣ kɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ natʊlɛ ndʊ, pʊtɔbʊʊ se kacalaɣ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ kɔyɔ Loma. Kayaɣ kɛ ɖɔɖɔ Kayaɣ egeetiye tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ nɛ wayɩ nɛ wayɩ kɩgalʊ ŋgʊ pakalaa yɔ, ɛyaa tala ɛzɩ 109 287 yɔ. 

Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tiposina Loma ñɩndʊ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 400 yɔ nɛ tɩwɛ kabɩyɛ tɛtʊ hɛkʊ taa, pɩñɔtɩna Piya tɛtʊ. Piya kɛ palʊla Togo ñʊʊdʊ kɩpɩnʊ Gnassingbé Eyadema, pɩlaʊ tɔkɩ hɩɖeɛ ɛɛsɔʊ. 

Togo taa tɔsʊʊ tʊma lona hɔɔlɩŋ kpɛnda kagbaanzɩ: Kadasɩ hɔɔlʊʊ (Savanes); Kayaɣ hɔɔʊʊ, Hɛkʊ taa hɔɔlʊʊ (Centrale), Piyisi yɔɔ hɔɔlʊʊ (Plateaux) nɛ Teŋgu nɔɔ hɔɔlʊʊ.  

Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ tɩsɩ kamaɣ nɛ Sɔgɔɖɛyɩ nɛ hayʊ kɩŋ lɛ Tapaŋgʊ, pɩyele wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Peenɛɛ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, Kana ɛjaɖɛ.

Ɖooo lɛ, Kayaɣ kaakɛ Lama kantɔɔ tɛtʊ nɛ Kayaɣ pɔɔ wɛ tɩ-taa. Ɖooo lɛ, payawaɣ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ se Lama Kayaɣ pʊcɔ nɛ anasayɩ sɛtʊhɩɖɛ nɖɩ nɛ payaɣ-tʊ se Kayaɣ Kayaɣ.

Kayaɣ egeetiye taa agoma ɖɩsɩ sakɩyɛ, liidiya kpoŋ sakɩyɛ, kaŋgalafunaa tʊma ɖɩlaɖɛ, anasayɩ sʊlʊm ɖɩsayɛ nɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ politiki ŋgbɛɛ nɖɩ payawaɣ-ɖɩ se RPT ɖɩ-kpelaɣ wɛɛ. Kayaɣ tɛtʊ pɩzɩʊ tɩmʊ agɔma yaa ɛsɩyɛ egbena mba, pɩlɩɩna Ñamtʊʊ ɛsɔdaa lɔɔɖa kadaɣ yɔɔ, kadaɣ ŋga katakɩlɩ posinau Kayaɣ tɛtʊ. 

Loma taa ɛsɔdaa lɔɔɖa kadaɣ sɔsɔwa nakɛyɛ wɛɛ nɛ ŋga kɩlɩɣna agɔma yaa ɛsɩyɛ egbena mba mʊʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, kaka wɛ teŋgu nɔɔ kpam. Ɛlɛ pɩsa nɛ pʊɖʊ ɛyaa hʊnʊm nɛ pakpaɣ ɛsɔtaa lɔɔɖa kɛ Namtʊʊ yaa petii peeɖe lɛ, komina wɛɛ kɩcɛyʊ kɩ-tɩ se kɩñɔɔzɩ peeɖe ɛsɔtaa lɔɔɖa kadaɣ nɛ kɑtasɩ walɩɣ nɛ kɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɖeu camɩyɛ. 

Kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pakɩlɩʊ yɔɔdʊʊ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa yɔ ɩnʊ lɛ kabɩyɛ nɛ kotokoli. Lonaa nɛ ahʊna mba ɖɔɖɔ wɛɛ peeɖe. Kabɩyɛ nɛ kotokoli pɛkɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi ɛñɔtɩna ɖama yɔɔdaɣ taa yɔ. Kʊnʊmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ mba wɛ ɖɔɖɔ peeɖe.

Paa pɩnaɣ ŋga nɛ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ taa, palʊkɩ Kayaɣ tɛtʊ taa. Pɩkɛna sɔnzɩ sɔsɔsɩ siŋŋŋ nasɩyɛ nɛ paa aseɣɖe tʊ weyi kɔyɔ, ɛpɩzɩɣ ewolo nɛ ɛkpaɣ lʊbɩyɛ nɖɩ ɛ-tɛ kɛlɛm kɛlɛmnaa taa. 

Ɛfalaa mba, pɩ-tɛ sɔnzɩ yebina nɛ payaɣ pɩ-tɛ fenaɣ ŋga se Ɛfalaa fenaɣ. Pɩtɛkɛ paa anɩ ɛkɛʊna ɛfala, pɩwɛɛ sɛ ɛyʊ ɛkɛ kabɩyɛ pɩɣa fayɩɩ nɛ pʊcɔ nɛ pɩwayɩ lɛ, pɩwɛɛ se ɛfebu ɛwɛɛna pɩnzɩ ɛzɩ 18 nɛ 25 yɔ sɩ-hɛkʊ taa. 

Ɖooo lɛ, kabɩyɛ tɛtʊ taa lɛ, pɔtɔɔzʊʊ ɛyʊ,  pɛlɛɛ-ɩ nɛ pʊcɔ ɛkpaɣ halʊ, ɛlɛ lɛɛlɛɛ lɛɣzʊ kɩfam mbʊ pɩlɩwa yɔ, efebu pɩzɩɣ ɛkpaɣ halʊ pʊcɔ pɔtɔɔzɩ-ɩ yaa papɩzɩʊ pɔtɔɔzɩ-ɩ, pɛlɛɛ-ɩ ɛtaatɩɩ kpaɣda halʊ.
Teŋgu

Teŋgu kɛ lɩm wandamm kadaɣ sɔsɔɔ nakɛyɛ. Ɛyʋ ɛsɩŋa teŋgu lɩm wandamm kadaɣ kidiiliŋ nɔɔ nakʋyʋ yɔɔ kɔyɔ, ɛɛpɩzɩɣ elosi ki-kidiiliŋ lɛɛkʋ nɔɔ. Kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ cɩnɛ lɩm wandamm kadasɩ sɔsɔsɩ naadozo wɛna. 

Lɩm wandamm kadasɩ nzɩ, sɩ-hɩla yɔ : Lɩŋgamʋʋ (océan) nɛ teŋgu (mer) nɛ kujomuu (lac). Sɩ-naadozo sɩ-taa payɩ lɛ, lɩŋgamʋʋ tɛ lɩm wandamm kadaɣ kɩlɩna walʋʋ. Ka-wayɩ lɛ, teŋgu tɛ lɩm wandamm kadaɣ tɩŋɩna. Nɛ kaka wayɩ lɛ, kujomuu tɛ lɩm wandamm kadaɣ ñatɩŋ.

Teŋgu lɩm wandamm kadaɣ tɔm ɖɩkɛdɩɣ cɩnɛ. Teŋgunaa taa lɩm nabɩyʋ wɛ salala nɛ lalaa taa lɩm ñɛwɛɛ leleŋ. Kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ cɩnɛ teŋgunaa tɩŋa taa payɩ lɛ Arabii teŋgu lɩm kadaɣ kɩlɩna walanzɩ nɛ cukaŋ pa-nʋmɔʋ taa. Teŋgunaa taa lɩm cukaŋ fɛyɩ kɩmaŋ kɩ-hɔɔlɩŋ tɩŋa taa. Hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩyɛ limaa pɩkɩlɩ hɔɔlɩŋ lɛɛŋ.

Arabii teŋgu taa lɩm walanzɩ kɛ miiliyɔɔ waa 3,8 km2. Kɩ-hɔɔlʋʋ nakʋyʋ taa lɩm cukaŋ kɛ mɛtɛnaa 5.800. Arabii teŋgu payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se Oman teŋgu. 

Teŋgu kʋnɛ kɩ-wayɩ lɛ, Siini teŋgu tɩŋɩna walanzɩ nɛ cukaŋ pa-nʋmɔʋ taa. Payaɣ Siini teŋgu ɖɔɖɔ se Siini ɛjaɖɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ teŋgu. Kɩ-walanzɩ kɛ miiliyɔɔ waa 3,5 km2. Ku-cukaŋ ñɛkɛ mɛtɛnaa 1645 kɩ-hɔɔlʋʋ nakʋyʋ. Kɩ-hɔɔlʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩkɩlɩ liŋguu yɔ, ku-cukaŋ kɛ mɛtɛnaa 5015. 

Siini teŋgu wayɩ lɛ, ‘’Sargasses’’ waa teŋgu tɩŋɩna walanzɩ nɛ cukaŋ pa-nʋmɔʋ taa. Kɩ-walanzɩ kɛ miiliyɔɔ waa 3,5 km2. Teŋgu kʋnɛ kɩ-wayɩ lɛ, Meditɛɛranee teŋgu tɩŋɩɣna. Kɩ-walanzɩ kɛ 2 969 000 km2. Ku-cukaŋ kɛ mɛtɛnaa 1 377. Ɛlɛ, kɩ-hɔɔlʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩkɩlɩ liŋguu yɔ, ku-cukaŋ kɛ mɛtɛnaa 4 399. Meditɛɛranee teŋgu taa lɩm lɛɣzɩɣ paa pɩnzɩ mɩnʋʋ nzɩɩ lɛ sɩ-wayɩ.

Meditɛɛranee teŋgu wayɩ lɛ, Wedɛɛlɩ (Weddell) teŋgu tɩŋɩna. Kʋkʋ walanzɩ kɛ 2 800 000 km2.
Ñamtʊʊ

Ñamtʊʊ kɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ. Wayɩ nɛ wayɩ kɩkalʊʊ ŋgʊ pakalaa pɩnaɣ 2010 taa yɔ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 22 986 yɔ. Yee pɔtɔma se pakalɩɣʊ ɛyaa kɛ km2  kɔyɔ, pɛwɛʊ  ɛzɩ ɛyaa 1 095 yɔ. Ñamtʊʊ tɛtʊ walanzɩ taa makɩɣna ɛzɩ ɛkɩtaarɩnaa 2 100 yaa 21 km2. 

Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ Kayaɣ egeetiye taa nɛ ndʊ lɛ Tʊfɛlɩgʊ egeetiye tɛtʊ. Ñamtʊʊ tɛtʊ wɛ habɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkʊyʊna Loma nɛ ɖɩɖɛɣʊ Purkiina Fasoo yɔ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tiposina Kayaɣ ñɩndʊ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa  30  yɔ. 

Ñamtʊ taa pɩsa nɛ tɔsʊʊ ɖɛɛna ɛsɩundaa camɩyɛ lɛ, haɖaa nɩɣna ɖama nɛ pahayɩʊ ɖama efemiye efemiye. Peeɖe tɛtʊ taa pɩlabamawaa wɛna ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ payaɣ-ɖɩ se KODHANI. Pɩlabamwaa mba patʊma sɔsɔna kɛlɛ se pataa tɔlɩm kɛ tokonaa yɔɔ nɛ pɛwɛna akɔma ɖaɣ nɛ palakɩ tɔɔnasɩ nɛ pɛpɛtɩʊ ɖɔɖɔ. 

Paa kʊjʊka ŋga lɛ, payakɩ Ñamtʊʊ kɩyakʊ. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa palɩza tɔɔyʊʊ nakʊyʊ Kléber Dajo tɛ kɛ Siu tɛtʊ taa. Tɔɔyʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩɖɩɩna ɖou nɛ pʊtɔbʊʊ se tɔɔyʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩɖɩɩna ɖou yɔ, kɩfɛyɩ kañatʊ, ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, pɩwɛɛ se paa anɩ ɛña ɛ-tɩ, ɛtaasɔɔlɩ se peheyii kiheyu se ɛkʊyɩ. Tɔmʊʊ nakʊyʊ ñalakɩ ɛyaa kiii. 

Kʊkʊ lɛ se Kléber Dadjo wɛna pɩlaŋ naalɛ; lɛɛkʊ wɛ katolika mba pɩlaŋ yɔɔ nɛ lɛɛkʊ ɛ-tɛ ɖɩɣa: lee pepima-i siŋŋŋ yɔ?

Ñamtʊʊ kooka nakayɩ payaɣ se Koka nɛ pɔɔ nakɩyɩ wɛɛ peeɖe nɛ paakpaɣ ka-taa kpakpasɩ kaʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, pɔtɔŋ se pɔɔ ŋga ka-taa kpakpasɩ pɩsɩɣ calɩm kɛ ɖeebiye taa. Yee pɔtɔŋ mbʊʊ yɔ, kooka ŋga ka-taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩdɛkɛdaa mba pasɩba yɔ pe-feziŋ woki nɛ ɛcakɩ.

Kayaɣ tɛtʊ pɩzɩʊ tɩmʊ agɔma yaa ɛsɩyɛ egbena mba, pɩlɩɩna Ñamtʊʊ ɛsɔdaa lɔɔɖa kadaɣ yɔɔ, kadaɣ ŋga katakɩlɩ posinau Kayaɣ tɛtʊ. Loma taa ɛsɔdaa lɔɔɖa kadaɣ sɔsɔwa nakayɩ wɛɛ nɛ ŋga kɩlɩɣna agɔma yaa ɛsɩyɛ egbena mba mʊʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, kaka wɛ teŋgu nɔɔ kpam. Ɛlɛ pɩsa nɛ pʊɖʊ ɛyaa hʊnʊm nɛ pakpaɣ ɛsɔtaa lɔɔɖa kɛ Namtʊʊ yaa petii peeɖe lɛ, komina wɛɛ kɩcɛyʊ kɩ-tɩ se kɩñɔɔzɩ peeɖe ɛsɔtaa lɔɔɖa kadaɣ nɛ katasɩ walɩɣ nɛ kɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɖeu camɩyɛ.
Bɛrɩlɩyɔm

Bɛrɩlɩyɔm kɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ pɩyʊ weyi pasɩma-ɩ yʊsaɣ mayaɣ Be nɛ ñʊʊ mayaɣ kɔyɔ 4. Pʊtʊnaa caɣyɛ kpata taa lɛ, ɛnʊ kɛna nɔɔ ɖɛyʊ ñɩɣlɩm ɖʊʊyʊ tɛtʊ wondu. Hɩɖɛ Bɛrɩlɩyɔm lɩna Krɛsɩ kɩbɩnʊʊ kʊnʊŋ taa beryllos nɛ pɩkɛ keɖeɣa pɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛna tɩŋ hatʊ tɔlɩm yɔ. Pʊtʊ ɛnʊ ɛwɛna kɩtamsɩna naalɛ, bɛrɩlɩyɔm kɛ ɖʊʊyʊ ñɩɣlɩm pɩyʊ ɛwɛtʊ kɛ ñɩɣyʊ ɖoŋ ñɩŋʊ caʊʊ. Ɛwɛ hɛgɛlɛŋ, ɛladɩɣ pɛlɩɣ nɛ ɛwɛ sɔtʊ.

Cɛnzɩ X waa sʊʊ-ɩ ɖeu, nɛ ɛlɩzɩ nazɩyʊ fɛyɩ waa alɩwaatʊ ndʊ alɩfa tɛ kɔtɩɩ waa makɩ-ɩ yɔ, ɛzɩ mba radɩyɔm yaa pɔlɔnɩyɔm lɩzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ taa sɔŋaɣ nɛ ɛzɔkaɣ ñɩɣyʊʊ pɛwɛ camɩyɛ yɔ, bɛrɩlɩyɔm ɛɛmʊ kalɩkɔdaɣ paa ɛwɛ helim taa kɔyɔ. Ɛlakɩ ɛ-tɩ kalɩkɔdaɣ cɛŋga cikpelaɣ nakayɛ ŋga hana-ɩ ɖoŋ se ɛkayɩ ñɩɣlʊʊ yɔɔ.   

Palakɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ bɛrɩlɩyɔm hɔɔlɩŋ sakɩyɛ taa, pʊyɔɔ yɔɔ paɖʊ-ɩ kajalaɣ ndɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ lɩm wondu nɛɛlɛ nɛ lʊbɛ takayɩ hayʊʊ yɔɔ ɛlɛ, pɩlɩna ɛ-tɛ sɔtʊ yɔɔ ɛwɛ ɖenɖe pɩsaŋ yɔ, pɛlɛzɩ-ɩ nɛ wondʊ kɩlɛɛzɩtʊ naa lalaa. 

Pana-wɛ ɛwadɩyɛ nzʊlɩma taa, alɩwaatʊ wɩlɩɣ ñɩɣyɩŋ cɛnzɩ kɩcɩcɔsɩ taa (weyi ɛlʊkɩna ñɩɣyʊ hɔmtʊ yɔ), mba pakaɣ lɛɛzʊʊ Hubble pɩnaɣ 2018, palabɩ-wɛ nɛ bɛrɩlɩyɔm nɛ ɛsɔtaa lɔɔɖa tʊma ɖeɖe. Paa lɛ-ɩ labɩnaʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ kajalaɣ pombo pɩlɩna ɛzɩma ɛkɛ ketu wonuu kɩbaŋʊ camɩyɛ nɛ ɛ-tɛ kpɩndʊʊ yɔɔ, nɛ sɩzʊʊ kaɣɖɛ naatalʊʊ nɛ sabɩyɛ nɛ pʊwɛ ɛzɩ pɛkpɛndʊʊ alɩmɩnɩyɔm nɛ bɛrɩlɩyɔm yɔ. Pʊkɔma pʊwayi lɛ, pekizi-ɩ ahelesa ñamsʊʊ ñɩɣyɩŋ taa pɩlɩna ɛ-tɛ sɔtʊ ɖoŋ ndʊ yɔɔ. 

Bɛrɩlɩyɔm hɩɖɛ lɩna krɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se βήρυλλος (beryllos), bɛrɩlɩ, maɣmaɣ ñalɩna bêrullos, ɖɔmbɩyɛ. Wɛɛ naayɛ taa lɛ, paaya-ɩ se glucinium, krɛkɩ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa γλύκύς (glykys), leleŋ, pɩlɩna nzʊlɩmɩyɛ yɔɔ leleŋ yɔɔ lɛ paya-ɩ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ.  

Pʊtʊ ɛnʊ pʊwɛ ɛzɩ Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin kaalɛɣna ɛ-tɔm yɔɔ lɩɣ pɩnaɣ 1798 taa, pɩwɛ kalɩkɔdaɣ tɩyɛ (BeO) bɛrɩlɩ taa nɛ keɖeɣa kaŋ weyi ɛwɛ tɩŋ hatʊ kpɛdɩŋ yɔ ɛ-taa. Friedrich Wöhler nɛ Antoine Bussy ñalɩzɩ-ɩ ndɩ pɩnaɣ 1828 ɛlɛ paɖʊ kaŋwa kɛ bɛrɩlɩyɔm tɛ kɩlɔrɩrɩ yɔɔ. Sʊyɛdɩ ɛyʊ nɔyʊ ñatɩlɩna ɛ-tɛ hilimiye ñʊʊ. Bɛrɩlɩyɔm kɛ ñɩɣlɩm pɩyʊ weyi ɛ-taa nɛ sɔtʊ piŋ yɔ. Paɖʊ-ɩ pʊtʊnaa mba pɛwɛ sɔtʊ piŋ yɔ pa-taa ɛzɩ arɩsɛnɩkɩ (As), kadɩmɩyɔm (Cd), kɩrɔm (Cr), pʊlɔɔ (Pb), taalɩyɔm (Tl), nɛ mɛrɩkɩrɩ (Mg).
Maŋgʊ tɛtʊ

Maŋgʊ kɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ natʊyʊ. Payaɣ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ ɖɔɖɔ se Sansaani Maŋgʊ nɛ Maŋgʊ kɛŋna Kadasɩ hɔɔlʊʊ (Savanes) taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ natʊlɛ ñɩndʊ. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se Tapaŋgʊ wayɩ lɛ, Maŋgʊ tɩŋgʊʊna. Tɩʊ nakʊyʊ wɛɛ nɛ payaɣ-kʊ ɖɔɖɔ se maŋgʊ, pɩfɛyɩ se piyiidi ɛyʊ nɛ ɛmaɣzɩ se tɩʊ tɔm pɔyɔɔdɩɣ cɩnɛ. Cɩnɛ lɛ, Togo ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ tɔm kɛ pɩkɛnaa.  

Maŋgʊ tɛ walanzɩ taa makɩɣna ɛkɩktaarɩnaa ɛzɩ  3 700 yaa kilomɛtanaa 37 km2 . Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa pakala ɛyaa tɛtyʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa lɛ, paakpɛnda ɛyaa ɛzɩ 742 39 yɔ. Egeetiye nɖɩ payaɣ se Ooti yɔ, ɖɩ-tɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ kɛlɛ Maŋgʊ. 

Maŋgʊ posina Tapaŋgʊ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa75 yɔ. Pɔɔ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ se Oooti yɔ, ka-lɩm tɩŋgʊʊŋa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa. Ooti pɔɔ kɛnɛ, ŋga kɛŋ̀na Togo ɛjaɖɛ taa pɔɔ sɔsɔɣa naalkɛ ŋga, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se Mɔnɔ pɔɔ wayi lɛ, Ootii tɩŋgʊʊna ɖaalakɩŋ taa.
Ceviye

Ceviye kɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ nɛ tiposina Loma tɛtʊ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 35. Ceviye egeetiye tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ nɛ wayɩ nɛ wayɩ pɩnaɣ 2014 kʊnɛ kɩ-taa kɩgalʊ ŋgʊ pakalaa yɔ, ɛyaa mba panaa yɔ patala ɛzɩ 59 563 yɔ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩkena Zio egeetiye taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Teŋgu nɔɔ hɔɔlʊʊ taa lɛ, Ceviye kɛŋna tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ nɛ hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa lɛ, egeeta cikpena kpɛnda lʊbɛ (7). Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ habɩyɛ nɖɩ patɩŋgʊʊna nɛ pɛɖɛʊ Purkiina Fasoo yɔ.
Kantɛ

Kantɛ kɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ nɛ tɩ-taa ɛyaa yɔɔdɩɣ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ yɔ, payaɣ-kʊ se lamba. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa lɛ, kantɛ wɛ tɔmbe naalɛ taa: kan tɔbʊʊ se kɔɔ nɛ tɛ tɔbʊʊ se ɛ-tɛɛ, mbʊ yebina nɛ payaa peeɖe se Kantɛ. 

Tɛtʊ ndʊ pɛtɛzʊ nɛ powolo lakʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se keeraŋ yɔ kɩ-taa. Peeɖe mba pakɩlʊ tadɩyɛ labʊ yɔ mba lɛ kotokoli mba (mba palɩna Kɩgbaafʊlʊ yɔ) nɛ Naajeeriya tada laɖaa. Wayɩ nɛ wayɩ pɩnaɣ 2006 taa kɩgalʊ ŋgʊ pakalaa yɔ, ɛyaa mba panaa yɔ patala ɛzɩ ɛyaa 11 742 yɔ.
Paasɛɛ

Paasɛɛ kɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ nɛ tɩwɛ Kayaɣ egeetiye taa. Paasɛɛ kɛŋna Paasɛɛ eketiye taa tɛtɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ɖɔɖɔ. Wayɩ nɛ wayɩ  kɩgalʊ ŋgʊ pakalaa pɩnaɣ 2006 yɔ ɛyaa mba panaa yɔ patala ɛzɩɩ ɛyaa yɔ 64 888 yɔ. 

Paasɛɛ tɛtʊ tɩ-taa efebiya wɛna pombo maɖaa sakɩyɛ nɛ mba payaɣ se Kpikintiwaa. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊ peeɖe yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ paasɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ loŋnaa yɔɔdʊʊ loso 

yɔ. Tɛtʊ tʊynɛ tɩ-walanzɩ taa makɩɣna ɛkɩtaarɩnaa ɛzɩ 8 300 yaa kilomɛtanaa 83 yɔ.
Atakpaam

Atakpaama kɛ Togo ejaɖe taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ natʊyʊ nɛ pɩnaɣ 2006 taa pakala kigalʊʊ ŋgʊ yɔ pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ 84 979 yɔ. Yee pakpaɣ Togo taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tɩɩtɩŋga yɔ, Atakpaama kɛŋna kagbaanzɩ ŋgʊ kɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se kacalɣ ndʊ lɛ loma nɛ pɩwayɩ lɛ Sɔgɔɖɛyɩ, Kayaɣ nɛ Kpalɩma nɛ pɩɣna –tʊ. 

Togo taa tɔsʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se Piyisi yɔɔ hɔɔlʊʊ (Plateaux) yɔ, kɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ lɛ Atakpaama tɛtʊ. Peeɖe ahʊna nɛ akpɔsɔ pakɩlʊ yɔɔdʊ. Peeɖe tɛtʊ taa Togo ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ kɩpɩnʊ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Nicolas Grunitzky yɔ ɛ-tɛ wɛɛ.
Tapaŋgʊ

Tapaŋgʊ kɛ Togo ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩŋkɛŋna Kadasɩ hɔɔlʊʊ (Savanes) taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ nɛ tɩwayɩ lɛ, Maŋgʊ tɛtʊ tɩŋgʊʊna. Tapaŋgʊ kɛna Kadasɩ hɔɔlʊʊ (Savanes) taa ɖenɖe kɩyakʊ sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ wɛɛ yɔ nɛ kiposina Loma tɛtʊ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 650 yɔ; nɛ yee pɩkɛ Purkina Fasoo, pɩtala ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 35 yɔ. 

Tooni egeetiye taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ɖɔɖɔ kɛlɛ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ nɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se Issy-Les Moulineaux yɔ, paɖʊ taabalɩyɛ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1989 nɛ palakɩ tʊma kʊɖʊma se tɔsʊʊ, ɛsa kuliye nɛ ɛsɩndaa wobʊ ɛɖɛɛ nɛ ɛsɩnda. Pɩnaɣ 2006 taa pakala ɛyaa kɛ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa lɛ pɛkpɛnda ɛzɩ ɛyaa 34 000  yɔ nɛ pa-taa lɛ, mba pɛwɛnɛ pɩnzɩ nɛ sɩtatalɩ nɛɛlɛ yɔ, mba kɩlɩna ɖɔʊ.
Feeniizi

Feeniizi kɛna Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ nɛ tɩwɛ kidiililn nakʊyʊ cɔlɔ kpam. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa nɛ tɛtʊ cikpetʊ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ nɛ pɩta yɔ sakɩyɛ. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩtala ɛzɩ 118 yɔ. 

Kpaɣna pɩnaɣ 2015 taa weyi ɛkɛ Feeniizi maalika ñʊʊtʊ yɔ, ɛnʊʊ lɛ Luigi Brugnaro.

Pɩnaɣ 2012 taa paakala kɩgalʊ lɛ, ɛyaa mba panaa yɔ patalɩʊ ɛyaa ɛzɩ 269 810 yɔ nɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩèwalanzɩ taa maɣna ɛzɩ ɛkɩtaarɩnaa 41 594 yaa kilomɛtanaa 415,94 km2. 

Ɛyaa panɛ pa-taa lɛ, 176 000 wɛ kitiiliŋ cɔlɔ nɛ 31 000 lɛɛba lɛ pɛwɛ tɛtʊ hʊ taa. Tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ, yee pɛkpɛnda-tʊ nɛ ndʊ payaɣ se Paadʊ yɔ kɔyɔ, ɛyaa talɩʊ ɛzɩ 1 600 000 yɔ. 

Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-yɔɔ kandɩyʊ yaa tɩ-tɛ ɛyʊ kiɖeɖeu payaɣ se Makusi kiɖeɖeu nɛ paa ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ nɛɛlɛ nɛ kagbaanzɩ lɛ, pɔtɔkɩ ɛ-kasandʊ.
Farsoovii

**Farsoovii** kɛna Poolɔñɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ kpaɣna pɩnaɣ 1596. Pɩnaɣ 2012 taa pakala ɛyaa kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa lɛ, pakpɛnda ɛyaa 3 100 000 nɛ tɩ-hɛkʊ taa ɖeyi ɖeyi lɛ, ɛyaa kpɛnda 1 726 581 piyele nɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-walanzɩ taa maɣna ɛkɩtaarɩnaa ɛzɩ 51 724 yaa kilomɛtanaa 517,24 km2. 

Payaɣ Farsoovii maalika ñʊʊtʊ kpaɣna pɩnaɣ 2006 se H. Gronkiewicz-Waltz (PO).

Ɛzɩ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ lɛɛtʋ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, Farsoovii tɛtʊ  nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna taa tɛtʋ ɖʋ taabalɩyɛ nɛ palakɩ tʋm kʋɖʋma se tɔsʋʋ nɛ ɛsɩnda wobu ɛɖɛɛna poliŋ. Tɛtʋ ndʋ yɔ: Astana (Kazakistaŋ), Pɛrɩlɛɛ nɛ Tusɛlɩdɔfɩ (Caama), Pudapɛstɩ (Hɔŋgirii), Sikaagoo (Etaazuni), Kronsɩnii nɛ Mɔsɩkʊʊ (Rusi), Hamamamacʊ (Sapɔŋ), Hanuwayɩ (Fɩyɛtɩnam), Harbɛɛ (Siini), Isitambʊli (Turki), Kiiv (Ukirɛɛnɩ), Haayɩ (Peyiibaa), Ɔsɩloo (Nɔɔrɩvɛɛzɩ), Riga (Litonii), Riyo de Janayiroo (Piresiili), Sewuli (Kooree nɛ hadɛ), Tɛlɩaviivi (Isiraɛlɩ), Toranto (Kanada) nɛ Filnuwisi (Lituwanii).
Stɔkhɔlm

Stɔkhɔlm kɛŋna Sʋyɛdɩ ɛjaɖe taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Peeɖe kɛ komina tʊma sɔsɔna kɩla wɛʊ nɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ kɛ paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ Carl XVI Gustav pɛwɛɛ. Sʊyɛdɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa maalikanaa ɖɔɔ nɛ patalɩʊ ɛzɩ maalisi 290 yɔ nɛ sɩ-taa payɩ lɛ, Stɔkhɔlm  taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ. Pɩnaɣ 2005 taa pakala ɛyaa kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-tɛ maalika taa lɛ, pɛkpɛnda ɛyaa 1 252 020.

Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ taa wɛ 6 600 km2. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ, tɩwɛna lɩm taa kacɩsɩ sakɩyɛ nɛ sɩtalɩʊ ɛzɩ kacɩsɩ 24 000 yɔ. Paa mazaɣ nɛ nɛ kujuka ŋga lɛ, ɛyaa woki peeɖe sakɩyɛ nɛ payaɣ lɩm yaa pohoyuu wɩsɩ. Pɩtasɩɩna mazaɣ nɛ kujuka peɖeke, pɩtamna cɩla ɖanasɩ ɖɔɖɔ.
Ɔsɩloo

Ɔsɩloo kɛna Nɔrɩvɛɛzɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Ɖooo pɩnzɩ 1624 nɛ 1924 lɛ, payawaɣ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ se Kristiyaniya. Kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kacalaɣ wiye pɩnaɣ 1925 kɛ papaazʊ yaʊ se tɛtʊ tʊnɛ se Ɔsɩloo. Pɩnaɣ 2010 taa pakala ɛyaa kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa lɛ, pɛkpɛnda 1 403 268 nɛ pa-taa lɛ, mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ lɛ, caɣyaa kpɛnda 2. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ maɣna 450 km2 nɛ tɩ-taa haba sɔsɔna nɛ cikpena wɛɛ, pɩtasɩna sulukiŋ kpayɩsɩ ɖɩ-ɖɔnɖɛ. 

Ɔsɩloo tɛtʊ hɛkʊ taa pɔɔ nakɛyɛ wɛɛ nɛ payaɣ-kɛ se Akɛrsɛlva ɛlɛ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ pɩyɩsɩ cɔ-tʊ kpɛɛɛ nɛ sɩtaa. Peeɖe tɛtʊ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ nɛ pɩta yɔ, tɩtala hiuwaa naanza nɛ tɩ-taa sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Malɩmooya, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɖenɖe ñɩɣtʊ ñɩɣɖɛ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ taa talɩʊ ɛzɩ 0,56 km2 yɔ. Ɔsɩloo tɛtʊ taa kujomiŋŋ tala ɛzɩ 343 yɔ.

Ɛzɩ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ lɛɛtʋ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, Ɔsɩloo tɛtʊ nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna taa tɛtʋ ɖʋ taabalɩyɛ nɛ palakɩ tʋm kʋɖʋma se tɔsʋʋ nɛ ɛsɩnda wobu ɛɖɛɛna poliŋ. Tɛtʋ ndʋ yɔ: Anvɛɛrɩ (Pɛlɩziki), Caŋgayɩ (Siini), Kopɛnɩhaagɩ (Tanɩmarɩkɩ), Hɛlɩsinki (Fɛɛlandɩ); Reyikzaviki (Isilandɩ), Tɛlaviivi (Izrɛɛlɩ), Filniyusi, (Lituyaanii), Rotɛrɩdam (Peyibaa), Farɩsovii (Polɔɔñɩ), Sɛɛpetɛrsɩbuuri (Ruusii) nɛ Pɛlɩgradɩ (Sɛrbii).
Sanfransiskoo

Sanfransiskoo wɛ Etaazuunii taa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Kalifɔrnii yɔ ɖɩ-taa. Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ,tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ Pasifiki Teŋgu cɔlɔ piyele nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa Sanfransiskoo pɔɔ ñɛwɛna. Tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ taa maɣna ɛkɩtaarɩwaa 60 060 yaa 600,6 km2. Walanzɩ sɩnɛ sɩ-taa lɛ, 121,4 km2 (20,21 %) kɛŋna tɛtʊ pɩkazɩ 479,2 km2 (79,79 %) taa lɛ, lɩm wadɩna. Pɩnaɣ 2014 taa akalɩ ɛyaa kɛ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa lɛ, paakpɛnda ɛyaa 852 469.   

Payaɣ Sanfransiskoo tɛ maalika yɔɔ cɔnayʊ kɩfalʊ se Edwin M. Lee (D). Ɛzɩ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ lɛɛtʋ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, Ɔsɩloo tɛtʊ nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna taa tɛtʋ ɖʋ taabalɩyɛ nɛ palakɩ tʋm kʋɖʋma se tɔsʋʋ nɛ ɛsɩnda wobu ɛɖɛɛna poliŋ. Tɛtʋ ndʋ yɔ: Paarii (Fransɩɩ), Lisibooni (Pɔɔrɩtiigaali), Abiijaŋ (Kooti D'Iivʊwaarɩ) Asiizi nɛ Kartazirɔɔnɩ (Italii), Kɔrkɩ (Irilandɩ), Hayifa (Israayɛlɩ), Pelɛm (Pireezili), Maniyi (Filipini), Osaka (Sapɔŋ), Sewuli (Koree nɛ Hadɛ kiŋ), Saŋgayɩ (Siini), Piyonozɛrɩ (Arzantini), Sidinee (Ɔsɩtraalii), Tayɩpayɩ (Tayiwanɩ), Tesaaloniki (Krɛsɩ), Zurisi (Suwusi), Hɔsiminivili (Fɩyɛtɩnam), Paŋgaalɔrɩ, (Ɛɛndi), Kraakoovii (Polɔñɩ) nɛ Fladiivɔstɔkɩ (Ruusii).