open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Emmanuel Kant

**Emmanuel Kant** kɛ Caama  tʋ. Palʋla-ɩ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ naalɛ (22) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1724 n̄ɩŋga taa.

Palʋla-ɩ Königsberg tɛtʋ taa Prusse-Orientale egeetiye taa. **Ɖajaa Emmanuel Kant** sɩba kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ naalɛ (12) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1804 n̄ɩŋga taa.

Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se ɛsɩba ɛ-pɩnzɩ hiŋ lutozo (80) taa. Ɖajaa Emmanuel Kant kɛ filozɔɔfʋ sɔsɔ ɛ-alɩwaatʋ taa. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se e-wezuu caɣʋ taa ɛñɩnaa se ɛtɩlɩ ɛyʋ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ ɛ-laŋɩyɛ cukaŋ taa.

**Filosɔɔfʋ sɔsɔ Emmanuel Kant** yebina nɛ ɛyʋ nɩʋ kamaɣ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ piliŋa ñɔ Caama taa.

Ɖajaa **Emmanuel Kant**  yebina ɖɔɖɔ nɛ maɣzɩm ɖeyi ɖeyi tɛ nɩʋ kpayɩ kpayɩ n̄ɩnʋʋ piliŋa ñɔ Caama. Pʋtʋʋ fɛyɩ lɛɣtʋ piliŋa ŋ́ga ka-taa.

Ɖajaa Emmanuel Kant laba filozofii lɛɣtʋ piliŋa taa tʋma sakɩyɛ. Ɛlaba ɖoziye tɔbʋʋ ñɩnʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ. Ɛlaba ɖɔɖɔ taa takʋʋ lɛɣtʋ piliŋa taa tʋmɩyɛ. Ɛlaba kawɩlaɣ kpɛlɛkʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ. **Ɖajaa Emmanuel Kant**  : *Critique de la raison pure* nɛ *Critique de la raison pratique* nɛ pɩtasɩna *Critique de la faculté de juger*.
Frédéric Barberousse

Hohenstaufen tɛ Frédéric kajalaɣ tʊ, ɛsɛɛ hɩɖɛ se Frédéric Barberousse (Caama kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, Friedrich 1 Barbarossa, 1122 mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 10 pɩnaɣ 1190), zermaniki Roma tɛ wiyaʊ sɔsɔ, Roma ɛyaa tɛ wiyaʊ, Itaalii wiyaʊ, Souabe nɛ Alsace waa kɩpaɣlʊ, Bourgogne mba tɛ Ɛsɔ. Palʊla-ɩ ɛzɩ pɩnaɣ 1122 cɔlɔ mbʊ yɔ Waiblingen yaa Weingarten tɛtʊ taa, pʊñɔtɩna Ravensbourg, ɛyʊ ɛnɛ yɔ ɛɛkɛ Hohenstaufen Souabe waa tɛ kɩpaɣlʊ tɛ kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ taa wiyaʊ pɩɣa pɩnaɣ 1147 ŋtalɩ 1152 nɛ ɛ-hɩɖɛ kɔyɔ Frédéric 3. Palɩzɩ-ɩ se ɛkɛ Roma ɛyaa tɛ wiyaʊ pɩnaɣ 1152 nɛ papamɩ-ɩ zermaniki mba tɛ cɔjɔtʊ hʊlaɣ pɩnaɣ 1155. Ehiɣ ɛ-hɩɖɛ kɩsɛsɛyɛ pɩlɩna ɛ-tandʊʊ cɔm cɔm ŋgʊ yɔɔ.

Frédéric 1 Barberousse, palʊla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1122. Kɛlɛ lone nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa palʊla-ɩ patasɩm-ɖɩ keeke nɛ pɩcaɣ pɩta. Pɩlɩna nɔnɔɔ takayaɣ kʊyʊmaɣ nakɛyɛ tɛ aseɣɖe tɔm yɔɔ, Bavière tɛ Welfe Judith, se ɛlʊla ɛ-kajalaɣ pɩɣa kɛ akɔma ɖɩɣa sɔsɔ nakɛyɛ taa nɛ kɔñɔtɩna Altdorf. Ŋgʊ pɩ-tɛ alɩwaatʊ taa mbʊ lɛ pɩɩkɛ kɩjɛyɩɣ se paa halʊ weyɩ ɛlʊlɩ ɛ-pɩɣa kɛ ɛ-tɛ tɛtʊ yɔɔ yɔ, mbʊ papɩzɩɣ pɔtɔ se Frédéric wɛʊ yɔ paa pɩla ɛzɩma yɔ e-ɖoo lʊla-ɩ ɛ-tɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛnɛ. Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, patasɩ pɩtʊʊ pa-taa se tovonum se Frédéric kɛ kajalaɣ pɩɣa kɛ e-ɖoo cɔlɔ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ wɛɛ ana a-taa lɛ, pɩya kʊdɔŋ kɩsɩbɩɣ nakʊyʊ kaalɩwa nɛ kʊkʊʊ piya cikpesi.   

Frédéric kɛ Hohenstraufen Frédéric 2 ɛsɛɛ kpɩɖʊʊ tʊ pɩɣa, Souabe tɛ sɔsɔ nɛ e-ɖoo kɔyɔ Judith, Bavière Henri kɩkpɛdʊ pɛlaɣ, patɩŋa palɩna Ampiiri Kiɖeɖeu taa. Ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 25 lɛ, ɛ-caa sɩ ɛlɛ pɩkɛ pɩnaɣ 1147 alɩwaatʊ taa, nɛ ɛmʊ ɛ-caa kewiyaɣ kpelaɣ Souabe waa tɛ nɛ paya-ɩ se Frédéric natozo tʊ. Conrad 3 tɛ tuda sɩm wayɩ kɛ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 15 pɩnaɣ 1152 Bamberg tɛtʊ taa, mbʊ lɛ, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 30. Frédéric, Souabe waa tɛ Ɛsɔ pɩsɩ Roma tɛ mba wiyaʊ kpaɣ lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ  4 pɩnaɣ 1152 alɩwaatʊ kɛ Francfort-sur-le-Main. 

Lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 2 pɩnaɣ 1147 evemiye talɩ, Frédéric kpaɣ halʊ Adèle yaa Adélaïde Vohbourg, Cham-Vohbour  Diepold 3 tʊ pɛlaɣ weyi paayebina-ɩ Eger tɛtʊ yɔ. Pacaɣ ɖama cɔlɔ mbʊ yɔ kaakɛ ɛlɛ, pɛfɛyɩ pɩɣa mbʊ yebina paya ɖama lakɩŋ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1153 alɩwaatʊ taa Constance tɛtʊ taa, mbʊ pɩtasa se Frédédric eyeba Eger ɛjaɖɛ kɛ ɛɖɛtʊ Frédéric de Rothenbourg. Wiyaʊ sɔsɔ kpaɣ Bourgogne tɛ Béatrice kɛ nesi ɖɔkɩ naalɛ nzɩ ɖeɖe kɛ pɩnaɣ 1156 mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 9 ŋgʊ wiye, ɛɛkɛ pɩɣa cikpelaɣ yem, Rainald 3 tʊ pɛlaɣ nɛ Agathe de Lorraine ɛlɛ ñɛkɛ Lorraine Simon 1 pɛlaɣ, ɛlɛ peyebina Franche-Comté.
Guillaume 2 (Caama tɛ wiyaʋ)

Frédéric Guillaume Victor Albert Hohenzollern tʊ (Caama kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albrecht), palʊla-ɩ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 27 pɩnaɣ 1859 Perɩlɛɛ tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛsɩ mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 4 pɩnaɣ 1941 taa Doorn, Peyibaa ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛkɛ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1888 ŋtalɩ e-kewiyaɣ kizuu alɩwaatʊ pɩnaɣ 1918, natozo tʊ nɛ kpaagba awiyaa taa wiyaʊ sɔsɔ nɛ nakʊ nɛ kpaagba wiyaʊ Prusse ɛjaɖɛ taa.

Ɛɛkɛ Hohenzollern ɖɩɣa taa ɛyʊ, paya-ɩ e-kewiyaɣ alɩwaatʊ taa se Guillaume 2 tʊ, ɛɛkɛ Guillaume 1 tʊ sɛyɩ (kajalaɣ awiyaa taa wiyaʊ sɔsɔ Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa) nɛ ɛkɛ Frédéric 3 tʊ pɩɣa ŋga ka-kɩyakɩŋ maɣnɩ 99 yeke yɔ nɛ ŋga ɛlɛɛza. E-ɖoo, Kaiserin Victoria pɛɖɛyɩ-ɩ se ɛjaɖɛ wiyaʊ sɔsɔ halʊ, kaakɛ Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ Ɛjaɖɛ tɛ Victoria pɛlaɣ ɛ-nɛ wiyaʊ pɩɣa Albert Saxe-Cobourg-Gotha.  

Pɩtɩŋna tɔsʊʊ huu yɔɔ lɛ, tɔm kɛdɩyʊ Francine Dominique Liechtenhan tɔzʊʊ se Guillaume 2 tʊ kɔna wazaɣ sakɩyɛ Caama tʊma sɔsɔna. Sukuli naa cikpema nɛ sukuli naa sɔsaa tʊma sɩna nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɛna ɛsɩnda pɩkɔɔ pɩpɩsɩ nɔɔ kʊyʊmaɣ ɛjaɖɛ. Canaʊ laɣsɩ nasɩyɛ nesi tɛɛ tʊma naa sukuli yeba nesi tɛ tʊma tɩna tɩna ɖɔɔ. Sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ tɛ tɩna yele lɛɣzɩɣ kɩfam sʊʊna-wɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa kpaɣ ɛzɩ tɔmnasɩ ɖɔnɛ tʊma nɛ lɛɣtʊ tʊma anasaayɩ mɩŋ tʊma nɛ pɩ-tɛ kɔ. Kaiser-Willhelm-Gesellschaft ñasɩna-wɛ ñɩnʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa. 

Ɛtɛma e-sukuli labʊ Cassel Gymnasium nɛ Bonn sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa lɛ, ekizi se ɛkpaɣkɩɣ halʊ kɛ ɛ-ɖɛtʊ Élisabeth de Hesse-Darmstadt nɛ eyele ɛkpaɣ wiyaʊ pɛlaɣ Augusta-Victoria Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderbourg-Augustenbourg tʊ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 27 pɩnaɣ 1881 weyi payaɣa se Donna (palʊla-ɩ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 22 pɩnaɣ 1858 nɛ ɛsɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 11 pɩnaɣ 1921).
Ekuwatɛrɩ

Ekuwatɛrɩ kɛna Amerika nɛ Hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ajɛya wena ana-ɖɩ asɩ ɖama nɛ kamaɣ yɔ ana yɔ: hadɛ kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Peeruu ɛjaɖɛ, hayʊ kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Kolombi nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ Oseyŋ Pasifiki wɛna.

Ekuwatɛrɩ walanzɩ taa maɣna kilomɛtanaa akpagba 283 520 km2. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩtɛyɩ hɔɔlɩŋ niitozo: kacalaɣ ŋgʊ lɛ Pasifiki kitiiliŋ, peeɖe kiŋ ɖɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ Guayquil wɛɛ; naalɛ ŋgʊ lɛ Andini hɔɔlɩɣ, peeɖe tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se kiitoo yɔ tɩwɛɛ, Amazonii ŋgʊ kɩwɛna Ekuwatɛrɩ hɔɔlɩɣ yɔ  kʊkʊ ñɛwɛna wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa. 

Hɔɔlɩŋ kacalaɣ ñɩŋ nɩɩlɛ ɛnɛ ɛ-taa kɛ tɔsʊʊ tʊma kɩlɩ wɛʊ pɩkazɩ amazoni taa ɛyaa takɩlɩ ɖɔʊ ɛlɛ lɩm kɩlɩna nɛ tʊma ndɩ ndɩ wɛɛ. Hɔɔlɩŋ niitozo ɛnɛ ɛwayɩ lɛ pɔsɔzɩɣ nakʊyʊ, kʊkʊ lɛ Lɩm hɛɛkɩŋ taa tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se Galapogos yɔ.

Ɖooo ɛzɩ Ekuatɛrɩ wɛʊ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ nɛ Ɛsɩpañɩ kɛ 1822 yɔ nɛ sɔnɔ yɔ, ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩtɛyɩ hɔɔlɩŋ yaa ageeta 24. 

Ɛsɩpañɔlɩ kɛŋna kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pawɩlɩɣ sukulinaa taa nɛ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ komina tʊma taa yɔ. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩwayɩ kʊnʊmɩŋ lɛɛŋ wɛɛ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa ajɛya ndɩ ndɩ wɛɛ. Kʊnʊmɩŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-taa kɔyɔ: kisiwa nɛ sʊwarɩ. Ekuwatɛrɩ pɛdɩɣ ayaba, roozinaa nɛ kpasɩ nzɩ payaɣ se krevɛtɩ yɔ nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna.

Rafael Correa kɛŋna Ekuwatɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ kɩfalʊ.
Eiffel Tilimiye Sɔsɔɖɛ

**Eiffel Tilimiye Sɔsɔɖɛ** kɛna fer puddlé tɛ tilimiye sɔsɔʋ. Kɩ-kʋkʋyɩmɩŋ talɩɣ ɛzɩ mɛtɛwaa kudokiŋ nasɩdozo nɛ hiŋ naalɛ nɛ naanaza (324) mbʋ yɔ. Nɛ kuduyuu kʋnɛ kʋ-n̄ʋʋda nɛ mbʋ payaɣ se antɛnɩɩ. Kuduyuu kʋnɛ yɔ, kɩwɛ Paarii tɛtʋ taa. Paarii tɛtʋ kɛŋna Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ sʋsɔtʋ. 

Ɖajaa Gustave Eiffel nɛ ɛ-sɩnɩyaa pamana Eiffel tilimiye kʋnɛ.

Pama-kʋ size palɩzɩ Paarii tɛtʋ nɛ pele kedeŋa kpeekpe ɛsɩndaa. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se pɔsɔɔlɩ se kpeekpe yɔɔ ajɛya kpeekpe ɛtɩlɩ-kʋ.  Pɩnaɣ 1889 ñɩŋa taa pelema Paarii tɛtʋ ndʋʋ kedeŋa ɛsɩndaa. Eiffel kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ kʋnɛ, pacalɩ-kʋ maʋ lɛ, payaa-kʋ se mɛtɛwaa nasɩdozo (300) kuduyuu. 

Kɩwɛ Paarii tɛtʋ nɛ hayi kiŋ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ kʋnɛ kɩñɔtɩna Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa awayɩ wondu kaɖaɣ ŋga payaɣ se  yɔ kpam. Eiffel kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ pɩsɩ Paarii tɛtʋ kumoɖe. 

Kedeŋa kpeekpe ɛsɩyɛ egbena lona tɩŋa taa payɩ lɛ, Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ kpaaŋ sɔsɔʋ ŋgʋ payaɣ se Paarii tɛtʋ taa Ɖoɖoo yɔ kɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩlɩɣ wonaʋ ɛsɩyɛ egbena. Kɩ-taa kedeŋa kpeekpe caanaʋ wondu ndɩ ndɩ kɩlɩ wɛʋ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se kɩ-taa pasɩ caanaʋ wondu sɔsɔtʋ sɔsɔtʋ. Pɩnaɣ taa ɛyaa mba powokina ɛsɩyɛ egbena kɩ-taa yɔ, patalɩ ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ waa hiu nɛ naadozo nɛ ɛyaa loɖo mbʋ yɔ. 

Kɩ-wayɩ lɛ, Eiffel kuduyuu tɩŋɩna. Kpaɣna patʋlʋʋ kɩ-nɔnɔsɩ nɛ sɔnɔ yɔ, ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ waa nasɩdozo nɛ pɩɖɛɛ pʋ-yɔɔ tɛmna sʋnaʋ ɛsɩyɛ egbena kɩ-taa.

Pɩnaɣ 2011 ñɩŋa taa ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ waa lʋbɛ nɛ kʋɖʋm woŋna ɛsɩyɛ egbena Eiffel kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ taa. Agɔma, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se mba pɛtɛkɛ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ ñɩma yɔ pakɩlɩɣna wonaʋ ɛsɩyɛ egbena Eiffel kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ taa. Pɩnaɣ 2011 taa, ɛyaa kpeekpe mba powoba ɛsɩyɛ egbena naʋ Eiffel kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ taa yɔ, ɛyaa mɩnʋʋ yɔɔ lɛ, ɛyaa 75 kɛ agɔma.

Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ ŋgʋ payaɣ se  yɔ nɛ Eiffel kuduyuu peyeki nɛ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɔsʋʋ ɖɛɣna ɛsɩndaa pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Toovenum lɛ, ɛyʋ hɛyɩɣ liidiye nɛ pʋcɔ ewona ɛsɩyɛ egbena yɔ, ɖɩtɛkɛ cikpeɖe.taa.
Englɩsɩɩ kʊnʊŋ

**Englɩsɩɩ** tɔm kɛ Ɛndɩ-Erɔpʊ Caamaniki kʊnʊŋ. Kɩtɛ lɛ Angleterre, kʊñɔ lila kɛ Erɔpʊ nɛ hayɩ kɩŋ kʊnʊmɩŋ taa, tɛtʊ ŋdʊ tɩtɛ Angles nɛ Saxons nɛ Frisons. Fransɩɩ tʊ nɛ Normand tʊ yebi na se Englisɩɩ tɔm yɔɔkʊʊ nɛ tɩ-tʊzʊʊ ɛwɛɛ camɩyɛ. Roma taa kʊnʊmɩŋ wɩzii Englisɩɩ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, Latɛŋ masɩ nɛ Arabɩɩ masɩ palakina tʊmɩyɛ.  

Englisɩɩ tɔm kɛ kʊnʊŋ sɔsɔʊ kɛ Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ (Royaume-Uni) ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ Irlandɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ ajɛyɛ sakɩyɛ wena lɩm cɔyɛ nɛ pɩta yɔ a-daa ɛzɩ Man lɩm taa ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Anglo-Nɔrɩmandɩɩ lɩm taa ɛjaɖɛ yɔ. Englisɩɩ tɔm kɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ mba palʊlɩ-wɛ ɛjaɖɛ ndɩ ɖɩtaa yɔ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ. Nɛ ɖɩcɔŋna yɔ ɖɩnaɣ se kɩ-kɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ sɔsɔŋ taa kʊnʊŋ sɔsɔʊ kɛ ajɛyɛ naayɛ taa, ɛzɩ doo canaʊ yoma kpaʊ alʊwaatʊ taa ajɛyɛ wena Britaanikɩɩ mba kaa-ɖʊ ayɔ nesɩ yɔ, a-daa kɔyɔ Etaazuunii nɛ Kanadaa nɛ Ositraalii nɛ Seelandɩ-Kɩfalʊʊ (Nouvelle-Zélande), pɛkpɛndʊʊ yɛ lɛ payaa-yɛ se anglo-saxon ɛjaɖɛ, ɛlɛ padalɩzɩ hɩɖɛ ndɩ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ nɩʊ kaʊ.

Englisɩɩ tɔm kɛ kʊnʊŋ sɔsɔʊ yaa kɩlɛɛzɩɣ taa kʊnʊŋ kɛ ajɛyɛ sakɩyɛ taa pɩlɩna canaʊ Britaanikɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ yɔ paa ajɛyɛ ana ada anglo-saxon taa ñɩma ɛfɛyɩ kɔyɔ, ana yɔɔ Keniya nɛ Naajeeriya nɛ Hɔŋkɔŋ nɛ Ɛɛndɩ nɛ Pakisɩtanɩɩ. Ajɛyɛ sakɩyɛ wena Englisɩɩ tɔm kɛ kʊnʊŋ sɔsɔʊ yɔ agbɛnda ɖama kɛ Commonwealth taa, pa yee lɛɛna taa pɩtɛkɛ kɩyeke kɩkɛna kʊnʊŋ sɔsɔʊ kɔyɔ. Kɩkɛ ɖɔɖɔ kʊnʊŋ sɔsɔʊ kɛ nɛɛlɛ nɛ naaŋza weyi ɛkɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ sɔsɔŋ kɛ Eerɔpʊ ajɛyɛ kɩgbɛndʊʊ nɔɔ kʊɖʊmaɣ taa.  

Kedeŋga kpeekpe taa kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pakɩlɩ yɔɔdʊʊ yɔ ɛtaa lɛ Englɩsɩɩ kɛ naadozo ŋgʊ yee ɖɩkpaɣ mba palʊlɩwɛ nɛ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ kʊ yɔ, Siinɩɩ kɛnɛ kajalaɣ ŋgʊ nɛ Ɛsɩpaañɔlɩ kɛ naalɛ ŋgʊ. Pamaɣzɩ se nɔnɔ taa kɩkɛ ajɛyɛ tɩŋga kʊnʊŋ mbʊ lɛ papaazɩɣ kʊ wɩlɩʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe taa ɛzɩ kʊnʊŋ kɩfalʊʊ. Kɩ-kɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlɩ kʊ labɩnaʊ tʊmɩyɛ Ɛntɛrɩnɛtɩɩ yɔɔ yɔ. Englisɩɩ kɛ kʊnʊŋ siŋ kɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ sɔsɔŋ loɖo taa nɛ tʊmɩyɛ taa kʊnʊmɩŋ sɔsɔŋ naalɛ kɩ-nɛ Fransɩɩ kɛ kedeŋga kpeekpe ajɛyɛ kɩgbɛndʊ nɔɔ kʊɖʊmaɣ tʊmɩyɛ taa.

A TRADUIRE: Kabɩyɛ tɔm kpou taa, il y a 36 mots empruntés à l’anglais :
Eolien

Mbʋ puwobina heelim yɔɔ yɔ payaɣ se "éolien". Ɖooo kpaɖɩŋ 17-18 taa papaɣzɩ tɔmpiye ńɖɩ yɔɔdʋʋ. Pɔyɔɔdʋʋ-ɖɩ hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa.
Ɛbɛ payaɣa "éolien" ɖooo sɔnzɩ taa?

* Ɖooo Krɛɛkɩ ɛjaɖɛ kɩbɩnɖɛ taa lɛ, ɛsɔ weyi ɛhaɣ heelim yɔ payaɣ se "Eole".
* Krɛɛkɩ ɛjaɖɛ kɩbɩnɖɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɛyʋ weyi ɛwɛ "éoliens" waa cejewiye taa yɔ payaɣ se "éolien".
* Mbʋ puwobina "Eolie" yɔɔ yɔ ɖɔɖɔ payaɣ "éolien" Krɛɛkɩ ɛjaɖɛ kɩbɩnɖɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-taa : "île éolien", "cités éoliennes"
* Krɛɛkɩ ɛjaɖɛ kɩbɩnɖɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-taa n̄ɩma nabɛyɛ tɛ kʋnʋŋ ɖɔɖɔ payaɣ se "éolien".

Wendu teu taa ɖɔɖɔ mbʋ yɔ, pɔyɔɔdʋʋ heelim tɔm. Tɔmpiye "la" pɛkɛdaɣna heelim. Ɛlɛ, pɩfɛyɩ se ɛyaa ɛkpaɣ tɔmpiye ńɖɩ nɛ pama nʋkɔyʋ, mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, pɩpɩzɩɣ pɩlɛɣzɩ. Wonuu nakʋyʋ wɛɛ payaɣ-kʋ se "harpe éolienne". Ŋgʋʋ heelim makɩna ku-so. Payaɣ-kʋ ɖɔɖɔ se "éoli-harpe".
Epistemolozii

Lɛɣtʊ yɔɔ sukuli labʊ yaa tɩ-kpɛlɛkʊʊ ɖeu payaɣ se **epistemolozii**. Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, tɔmbiye «épistémologie» lɩna caanaʊ krɛɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ tɔmbe naalɛ cɔlɔ : kajalaɣ tɔmbiye kɛlɛ tɔmbiye «epistếmê». Tɔmbiye ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ kɛlɛ se tɩlɩtʊ siŋŋ (connaissance vraie) yaa lɛɣtʊ. Tɔmbiye naalɛ ñɩnɖɛ lɛ tɔmbiye «λόγος/lógos». Tɔmbiye ɖɩnɛ, ɖɩɖɩ tɔbʊʊ kɛlɛ se yɔɔdaɣ yaa yɔɔdɩtʊ. Mbʊ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se «discours». Tɔmbiye «épistémologie» pɩzɩɣ ɖɩwɛɛna tɔbʊʊ lɩzʊʊ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩɩna hɔɔlɩŋ naalɛ ndɩ ndɩ taa ɖɔɖɔ:

Kajalaɣ hɔɔlʊʊ taa lɛ, ajɛya wena ayɔɔdʊʊ fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ yɔ, atɔŋ se payaʊ se epistemolozii (épistémologie) yɔ, pɩkɛ lɛɣtʊ piliŋa ŋga kakʊyʊʊ lɛɣtʊ nɛ lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩtʊ yɔɔ yɔ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛyaa mba palakɩ epistemolozii tʊmɩyɛ (épistémologistes) yɔ, pɛkpɛʊna lɛɣtʊ tʊma, paatisiɣ se lɛɣtʊ pɩzaa nɛ tɩwɛɛna tɩlɩtʊ siŋŋ.

Hɔɔlʊʊ naalɛ ñɩŋgʊ taa ɛyaa ñɔtɔŋ se epistemolozii tʊmɩyɛ kɛlɛ se ɖɩñɩnɩ yaa ɖɩtazɩ nɛ ɖɩtɩlɩ pɩtɩŋa kedeŋa yɔɔ. Ajɛya wena alɛ yɔɔdʊʊ iŋgilisi kʊnʊŋ (anglo-saxon) yɔ, alɛ tɔŋna mbʊ. Pʊyʊ kʊɖʊmʊm wɛna kɩjɛyʊʊ siŋŋ epistemolozii lɛɣtʊ pɩlɩʊ taa : mbʊʊ lɛ se kɩla nɛ lɛɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ kɛ kʊɖʊm. Lɛɣtʊ pilinzi naanza yɔɔ epistemolozii tʊmɩyɛ ñɩɣ nesi:

Kajalaɣ piliŋa lɛ lɛɣtʊ ndʊ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se «sciences formelles yɔ». Lɛɣtʊ pɩlɩʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa palakɩ akɔntɔnaa ndɩ ndɩ.

Piliŋa naalɛ ñɩŋga lɛ mbʊ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se «sciences physico-chimiques» yɔ. Lɛɣtʊ pɩlɩʊ kʊnɛ kɩ-taa pɛkpɛlɛkʊʊ tomnasɩ ndɩ ndɩ wɛtʊ nɛ palakɩ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ.

Lɛɣtʊ piliŋa naadozo ñɩŋga lɛ mbʊ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se «sciences du vivant» yɔ. Lɛɣtʊ piliŋa yaa pɩlɩʊ kʊnɛ kɩ-taa pañɩnɩɣ kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ mbʊ pifeziɣ payɩ yɔ pʊ-yɔɔ tɩlɩtʊ tɩŋa.

Lɛɣtʊ piliŋa naanza ñɩŋga ñañɩnɩɣ se katɩlɩ ɛyʊ camɩyɛ nɛ kɛtɛ kañɩnɩɣ se katɩlɩ samaɣ wɛtʊ nɛ ka-lɩmaɣza camɩyɛ.

Tɔm paaɣ yɔɔ lɛ, epistemolozii (épistémologie) lɛɣtʊ ñɩnɩɣ kajalaɣ taa se tɩna se le lɛɣtʊ ñɩnɩɣ kpem se tɩtalɩ? 

Nabʊlɛ ɖeɖe lɛ, epistemolozii ñɩnɩɣ se kɩna se anɩ yaa aŋgbɛ wena lakɩ lɛɣtʊ tʊma ndɩ ndɩ ? 
Nabudozo ɖeɖe lɛ, epistemolozii ñɩnɩɣ se kɩtɩlɩ tʊma wena lɛɣtʊ ɖɔŋa labʊ yɔ.  
Naza ɖeɖe lɛ, kɩñɩnɩɣ se kɩna mbʊ pɩtamsʊʊ lɛɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ ɖama yɔ.
Nʊwa ɖeɖe lɛ, epistemolozii ñɩnɩɣ se kɩna se awɩlɩɣ lɛɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ sukuli nɛ ɛzɩma wɩlʊʊ ɛwɩlɩɣ ?
Kpaagbaa ɖeɖe lɛ, epistemolozii ñɩnɩɣ se kɩna ndɔŋjɔɔlɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ lɛɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ hɛkʊ taa yɔ.
Eriitree

Eriitree kɛna Afrika nɛ hayɩ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛ  dɩ-tɩ yɔɔ nɛ Etiyoopii. Ɖɩwɛ ɖi-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1993.

Eriitree ñaɣ pana nɛ kɩlɩɩ yomiye taa mbʊ pɔyɔɔ yɔ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1869 kɛ Iitalii kaayaba Asaabɩ nɛ pɩcɔ kʊɖʊmaa mba powoli nɛ pacaɣ Maasawa kɛ pɩnaɣ 1890. 

Keteŋa kpeekpe you laba nɛ Iitalii takpaɣ nabʊyʊ you taa lɛ, ONU tɛzɩ kpaɣʊ Eriitree nɛ kiyebina Etiyoopii kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1952 ɛlɛ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1962 kɛ Etiyoopii paɣzɩ kɩ-yɔɔ cɔnaʊ. Pɩñɩtʊ nɛ pɩkpɑɣ mbʊ yɔ, Eriitree wɛɛ kɩñɩnɩɣ kpem se kɩwɛɛ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ. Pɩla mbʊ nɛ agoza fenaɣ 1991 lɛ, peeɖe hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩlʊkaɣ kpɛm mbʊ se pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ ɛwɛɛ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ yɔ nɛ payaɣ-kʊ se FPLE yɔ, kɩwa nɛ kɩwɛɛ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ. Ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖi-nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʊ payaɣ se Ɖajaa Issayas Afewerki.
Etaazuunii

**Etaazuunii** kɛna ajɛya sakiyɛ kɩkpɛndɩɣ. Ɛlɛ Etaazuunii wɛna Amerika nɛ kɩ-hayɩ kɩŋ. Ajɛya nɩɩnɩwa kpɛndɩna kpɛm nɛ payaɣ se Etaazuunii. Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ ajɛya cikpena nayɛ wɛ 48 nɛ amalɩna nɩnɩwa lɛɛna. Ajɛya anɛ, awɛ Atlantiki teŋgu  nɛ kɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa  nɛ kɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, Pasifiki teŋgu. Hayɩ kɩŋ lɛ, Kanadaa ɛjaɖɛ piyele Mekisiki ñɛwɛna hadɛ kiŋ. Ajɛya nayɛ ñɔtɩna Etaazuunii ɛlɛ afɛyɩ kamaɣ yɔɔ; ana lɛ: Alaskaa (Kanadaa nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa) nɛ awayɩ Pasifiki hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ.

Pɩcɔ nɛ Eerɔpɩ ñɩma woki Etaazuunii tɛtʊ taa nɛ pakpacayʊ-ɖɩ lɛ, ɛyaa nabɩyɛ, Ameerɩndɩyɩŋwaa mba palɩna Eraazi yɔ paatɛma wɛʊ peeɖe pɩlabɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 1 5000 mbʊ yɔ yɔ. Eerɔpɩ mba tɛ Etaazuunii kpacayʊʊ paɣzɩ ɛzaɩ pɩnzɩ mɩnɩʊwaa hiu nɛ looɖo yɔ. Pɩtaakɛ Eerɔpɩ ɛyaa ɖeke ɛlɛ Krandɩ-Pretaañɩ mba ɖʊ ɖɔɖɔ pe-nesi ɖomaɣaɣ  fenaɣ 14 wiye pɩnaɣ 1607. Mbʊ yebina nɛ you ñapaazɩ nɛ kɩsɩɩna hasɩ yaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naanza pɩnaɣ 1775 wiye lɛ, Etaazuunii mʊ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ. Keteŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ, Etaazuunii lɛɣna mʊʊ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ.

Tɛtʊ sɔsɔyʊ payaɣ se Washington Peeɖe ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ yɔ Ɖajaa Donald Trump nɛ ɛnʊ kɛna peeɖe ñʊŋ tɩna 46 tʊ nɛ ɛ-tɛɛ tʊ yɔ J.D. Vance.

=Ki-kiɖe=
=Caanaʊ tɔm=
## Pɔcɔ Christoph Colomb fɛyɩɣ nɩŋgbaŋaɣ (pʊcɔ pɩnaɣ 1492 talɩ)
## Yomiye taa alɩwaatʊ(1492-1775)
## Yomiye taa lɩʊ nɛ paɣtʊ kɩfatʊ(1775-1800)
## Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ tɛtʊ ̃nɩnʊʊ nɛ ̃nɩɣtʊ lubu nɛ yomiye taa lɩʊ (1800-1917)
## Yoŋ yeba nɛ patɩlɩ ki-ɖoŋ(1917-1991)
## Sɔnɔdaa alɩwaatʊ(1991-2016)
=Politiki=
=Kewiyisi nɛ ajɛya=
=Kɩ-ɖɩwɛyɛ=
## Mbʊ patɩlɩɣna-kʊ yɔ
## Kɩ-hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ
## Ɖenɖe ɛyaa wɛɛ yɔ
=Ajɛya lɛɛna yɔɔ politiki=
=Sɔɔjɛɛtʊ ɖoŋ=
=Tɔsʊʊ=
## Mbʊ pʊwɛɛ yɔ
## Tɔsʊʊ politiki
=Samaɣ=
## Samaɣ yɔɔ kandayʊʊ
=Samaɣ ñʋʋ tɩlʋʋ=
Pɩnaɣ 2015 ñɩŋa taa lɛ, Etaazunii samaɣ kɩkpɛnda 320 miliiyɔɔ.

=Lɛɣtʊ nɛ sɔnzɩ=
## Lɛɣtʊ nɛ tɩlɩtʊ
## Takayɩsɩ nɛ filosofii
## Nesi tɛɛ tʊma
## Kuduyuŋ maʊ
## Minziiki nɛ aleɣya
## Tɩzʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ
## Ɛsɔ nʊmɔʊ
## Sɩpɔɔrɩ
## Kazandʊ nɛ avema kɩhɛza
## Kʋnʋmɩŋ
=Ɛyaa sɔsaa=
=Anjaʊ ŋgʊ pasɩŋna-kʊ yɔ=
=Ki-nimaɣ=
=Takayɩhayʊʊ tɛɛ tɔm nɛ tɩ-ɖɩnayɛ=
=ɩcɔna ɖɔɖɔ=
## Takayɩsɩ
## Tɔm lɛɛtʊ
## Awayɩ kpasɩ
Etiiki (éthique)

Pʊwɛɛ se ɛyʊ ɛwɛɛna wɛtʊ kɩbantʊ. Pʊwɛ se ɛ-ɖɔnɛ ɛkɛdɩna ɛ-cɔlɔ ñɩma. Wɛtʊ kɩbandʊ ndʊ nɛ ɖɔnɛ kɩbanɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se etiiki (éthique). Tɔmbiye etiiki (éthique) lɩna krɛɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa. Krɛɛkɩ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, payaɣ se ethos, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se sɔnzɩ. Etiiki kɛ lɛɣtʊ pɩlɩʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se filozofii (philosophie yɔ pɩ-tɛ piliŋa nakɛyɛ. Mbʊ pʊwɛ camɩyɛ nɛ pɩkɛ wazaɣ pʊyʊ yɔ, pʊ-tɔm etiiki hʊʊ. Etiiki piliŋa yɔɔ ɛyʊ tɩŋɩɣna nɛ ɛɖʊʊ paɣtʊ ndʊ pʊwɛɛ se ɛyʊ ɛɖɔ tɩ-yɔɔ nɛ ñaɖʊʊ yaa you nakʊyʊ ɛtaawɛɛ ɛyaa hɛkʊ taa yɔ. Yee mbʊ paɣtʊ wɛ ndɩ nɛ lɛɣtʊ ñɩndʊ. Ɖajaanaa panɛ : Aristote nɛ Kant pɔtɔŋ se etiiki tʊmɩyɛ kɔyɔ se kʊɖʊ paɣtʊ ndʊ pʊwɛɛ se ɛyʊ ɛɖɔ tɩ-yɔɔ nɛ kedeŋa hɛɛ yɔ.  
Tobi taa lɛ, mbʊ pʊwɛ camɩyɛ nɛ pʊmʊna ɛyʊ yɔ mbʊʊ etiiki piliŋa ñɩnɩɣ.
Paa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ nɛ ɖɩ-paɣtʊ nɛ ɖɩ-sɔnzɩ. Yee mbʊ etiiki piliŋa tɩŋɩɣna paa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-paɣtʊ nɛ ɖɩ-sɔnzɩ yɔɔ nɛ ɖɩɖʊʊ ɖɩ-paɣtʊ ndʊ tɩ-yɔɔ pʊwɛɛ se paa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ lɛ, ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa ɛɖɔ tɩ-yɔɔ nɛ ɖiɣɖiɣ caɣʊ wɛɛ yɔ.
Etiiki piliŋa ɖʊʊ paɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩɩna alɩwaatʊ ndɩ ndɩ yɔɔ. Sɔnɔ alɩwaatʊ taa ɛyaa lakɩ mbʊ yɔ, yaa ɛyaa sɔɔlɩ mbʊ yɔ, pɩɩkɛɣ mbʊ ɖeyi ɖeyi cee alɩwaatʊ taa ɛyaa kaɣ labʊ yaa pakaɣ sɔɔlʊʊ. Etiiki nʊmɔʊ taa tɔlɩm nabʊyʊ tɛkɛ kɩkpɛdɩm, nabʊyʊ tɛkɛ kʊhʊlʊmɩm. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se paɣtʊ lɛɣzʊʊ paa alɩwaatʊ ndʊ. Pʊ-nʊmɔʊ taa ɖajaa John Rawls yɔɔdaa se pʊwɛɛ se etiiki paɣtʊ ɛmʊna paa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ lɛ, ɖɩ-paɣtʊ.
Etiyoopii

**Etiyoopii** kɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛna Afrɩka nɛ kɩ-hayʊ kiŋ yɔ. Etiyoopii nɛ ajɛya nayɛ pɛkpɛnda kamasɩ. Ajɛya ana yɔ: Eriitree, Soomaali, Sudaanɩ, Suudanɩ nɛ Hadɛ kiŋ, Keniya nɛ Cibuuti ɛjaɖɛ. Ɖooo ɛzɩ Eriitree mʊʊ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1993 yɔ, Etiyoopii tatasɩ wɛnaʊ waɖɛ naɖɩyɛ kɛ teŋgu lɩm yɔɔ. 

Afrika keteŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ lɛ, Etiyoopii kɛna ɛjaɖɛ naalɛ ñɩnɖɛ ndɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊʊ yɛ nɛ wena akɩlɩ walɩɣ yɔ a-taa lɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ yɔ naakʊ ñɩnɖɛ. Ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa wɛ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa akpagba 1 127 127 yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ kɔyɔ Adisi-Abeba nɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩwɛ pʊʊ sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ yɔɔ kɩ-kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ taa wɛ ɛzɩ mɛtenaa 2 400 yɔ. Kɛteŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ lɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkɛna tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩ kʊyʊʊ yɔ tɩ-taa naanza ñɩnɖɛ.
 
Keteŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ lɛ, Ariimenii wayɩ lɛ Etiyoopii kɛna ɛjɛya taa nɖɩ ɖɩkɩlɩ pɩnɩɣ krɩtʊ tɔm taa yɔ. Peeɖe ɛsɔ sɛtʊ aŋgba wɛɛ nɛ aapaɖɩɣ ɖama. Ɛyaa ɛzɩ kʊɖʊm naatozo yɔɔ kɛna malɩŋ. Peeɖe ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ yɔ Ɖajaa Mulatu Teshome nɛ e-kewiyaɣ ñʊʊtʊ Ɖajaa Haile Mariam Dessalegn.
Etɛŋ

Mbʊ payaɣ se etɛŋ yɔ, pɩkɛ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛklʊʊ tɛ wonuu nakʊyʊ. Kɩ-pɩyʊ n̄ɩɩɩ mayaɣ kɛlɛ 50. Ki-kumoɖo yaa kɩ-mayaɣ ŋga pasɩŋna-kʊ yɔɔ lɛ Sn. Payaɣ kɩ-mayaɣ (Sn) ŋga pasɩŋna-kʊ mbʊ yɔ nɛ Latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa stannum. Payaɣ ñɩɣlɩm ñɩɣtʊ natʊyʊ se krɩstalozɛɛnɩ waa. Etɛŋ kɛ ñɩɣlɩm ñɩɣtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa natʊyʊ. Etɛŋ kɛ ɖɔɖɔ ñɩɣlɩm ñɩɣtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa fɛyɩ ñɩm sakɩyɛ yɔ. Etɛŋ yuŋ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Nakʊyʊ yuŋ kɛ 120, nakʊyʊ yuŋ ñɛkɛ 118 nɛ nakʊyʊ ɖɔɖɔ yuŋ ñɛkɛ 116.

 
Payaɣ ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ natʊyʊ se kasiteriti (cassitérite). Ñɩɣlɩm tɛtʊ ndʊʊ ponuutuu nɛ palakɩ etɛŋ. Etɛŋ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ ɛzɩ mbʊ payaɣ se okɩsiidi (oxyde) SnO2 yɔ. Ɖooo caanaʊ pasɩma etɛŋ. Ŋgʊʊ polukaɣna ñɩɣtʊ ndʊ tɩɩmʊʊ kalɩkɔdaɣ yɔ. Etɛŋ ɖɔɖɔ palakaɣna ñɩɣlɩm ñɩɣyʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se pɩrɔɔzɩ yɔ. Halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ etɛŋ pɔɖɔɔna labɩnaʊ pɩrɔɔzɩ ñɩɣyʊʊ. Pesidiɣ etɛŋ nɛ ñɩɣlɩm ñɩɣtʊ lɛɛtʊ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ palakɩna tʊmɩyɛ.
Euclid

Euclide (Krɛkɩ kɩbɩnʊʊ taa lɛ, Εὐκλείδης / Eukleídês), ɛkɛ lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩyʊ Krɛkɩ kɩbɩnʊʊ taa. Ɛnʊ tɩna pʊtʊna mba pɔ-tɔm kɛ kɩjɛyʊʊ lɛɣtʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa yɔ, mbʊ pɩpɩsa kiɖe pɔ-nɔmɔʊ taa Wɩsɩ Ɖɩlɩyɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ. Paasɩŋ e-fezuu caɣʊ tɔm natʊyʊ kaʊ yaa ɛsɩm tɔm natʊyʊ ɛlɛ, papɩzɩ pɔtɔŋ se ɛɛwɛ pɩnzɩ talɩ 300 ɖa-alɩwaatʊ. 

Ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ kɩkɩlɩyɛ kɛlɛ pɩyʊ kɩmanam, kɛ pɩyʊ mbʊ palɩza nɛ pɩwɛ camɩyɛ cɔlɩɩ tɛ pɩtɩŋna axiome naa nɛ postula naa yɔɔ yɔ. Ɛlɩzɩ lɩmaɣza sakɩyɛ pɩnɛ pɩ-tɛ aseɣɖe tɔm nɛ ɛwɩlɩ. Pɩɩkɛ siŋ lɩzʊʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ, pɩwɛ ɖeyi ɖeyi ɛzɩ lɩm cakʊʊ yɔ nɛ pɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ pɩyɛ yɔ nɛ ñʊŋ kɩtɩlɩŋ kpɛlɛkʊʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ. Tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ pama ɖɩ-takayasɩ sakɩyɛ nɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa nɛ pɩkɛ lɛɣtʊ tɩlʊʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ sukuli wɩlʊʊ kɩɖe paa sukuli tindimiye naalɛ nɖɛ nɖɩ lɛ ɖɩ-taa kɛ ajɛyɛ sakɩyɛ taa.  

Euclide hɩɖɛ lɩna koŋ Euclide nɔmɔŋ wɩlʊʊ takayaɣ taa. Takayaɣ nakayɛ ɛwɩlɩɣ keele Euclide wezuu caɣʊ tɔm. Ɖɩfɛyɩna takayaɣ kimamaɣ nakayɛ yaa ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛ-yɔɔ tɔm natʊyʊ ɛzɩ taakyaɣ kɩkalaɣ yɔɔ kajalaɣ hayʊʊ yɔɔ yaa komina takayɩ hayʊʊ nakʊyʊ yɔɔ. Ɛ-tɛ kpaɣɖʊ taa nɔyʊ tamaɣzɩ ɛ-yɔɔ tɔm natʊyʊ yɔɔ kaʊ. Mbʊ lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩyaa tɔm kɛdɩyʊ Peter Schreiber yɔɔda se Euclide fezuu caɣʊ tɔm fɛyɩ tovonum takayaɣ nakayɛ taa nɛ pasɩm-kɛ. 

Yee ɖɩkpaɣ pɩlɔɔ wɛɛ tʊmɩyɛ pɩtɩŋna ndʊ Proclus ma yɔɔ yɔ, Euclide kɛ Platon nɛ Archimède nɛ nɔɔnɔɔ wɛɛ tɛ Ptolémée kajalaɣ tʊ tɛ hɛkʊ taa alɩwaatʊ ɛyʊ. Ɛyʊ ɛɛwɛ pɩnzɩ talɩ mɩnɩŋ naatozo pʊcɔ ɖa-alɩwaatʊ. Takayaɣ nakayɛ taa tɔm fɛyɩ se tɩkpɛɣna Euclide tɔmpe yaa nakayɛ fɛyɩ se tka-taa tɔm pɩzɩɣ tɩñɩɣ niye se ɛ-tɔm kɔyɔ keeke.

Tɔm ɖɔ sakɩyɛ pɩlɩna Euclide yɔɔ, pʊyɔɔ lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩyʊ nɔyʊ kpaɣɖʊ 4 alɩwaatʊ taa ɛnʊ payaɣ se Pappus d'Alexandrie kɛdʊʊ ɖʊ se pʊwɛ ɛzɩ Euclide tɛ sukuli piyaa kaawɩla sukuli kɛ Alexandrie ɛjaɖɛ taa. Pʊyɔɔ takayasɩ maya sɔsaa nabɛyɛ kpaɣ Euclide nɛ pɔsɔzɩ Mouseîon d'Alexandrie ɛyaa yɔɔ, ɛlɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ yɔ, kewiyaɣ takayaɣ nakayɩ taa fɛyɩ ɛ-tɔm natʊyʊ se pɛkɛɖɩ-tʊ keeke. Hɩɖɛ kɩsɛsɛyɛ nɖɩ pɔzɔza-ɩ canaʊ taa yɔ, nɖɩ lɛ Stoichéiôtês, pʊdʊna lɩzɩyʊ.
Esɩperantɔ kʊnʊŋ

**Esɩperantɔ** kɛ ajɛyɛ kpeekpe hɛkʊ taa kʊnʊŋ. Ɖɩkpaɣ kedeŋga ajɛyɛ kɔyɔ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ ajɛyɛ mɩnɩʊ nɛ nɛɛlɛ taa. Pɩkɛ kɩcɛyʊʊ se ŋkpɛlɛkɩ-kʊ nɛ pʊcɔ ŋlabɩ-kʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ. Esɩperantɔ kʊnʊŋ kɛ kɔyɛ hayʊ ɛyaa ndɩ ndɩ mba palʊlɩ-wɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa se papɩzɩɣ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ na ɖama tɔsʊʊ huuu nɔmɔʊ taa. Esɩperantɔ lɩmaɣza yɔ se kɩ-kɛ kondoloko ɛsɛkuliye ñɩnʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa.   

Pɩnaɣ 1887 taa Ɖajaa L.L. Zamenhof, nɛ ɛ-sɛ hɩɖɛ se Doktoro Esperanto pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɖɔkɔtɔ tɩlɩyʊ sɔsɔ. Ɛnʊ hana pʊwayɩ ɛ-hɩɖɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ nɛ ɛsusuu ajɛyɛ hɛkʊ taa kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ tambɔ tɔm. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩtɩhuu lɔŋ lɔŋ pɩnzɩ kajalaɣ ñɩnzɩ taa nɛ pɩkpaɣna mbʊ nɛ palɩzɩʊ samaɣ taa nɛ ajɛyɛ sakɩyɛ tɛ ɖama katɩʊ.    

Caŋga yɔɔ kpɛlɛkʊʊ lɩʊ kajalaɣ wɛtʊ pɩnzɩ 2000 nɔɣ yɔ, nɛ pɩkɩlɩ wayi wayi Esɩperantɔ tɔm kɩwɩlɩtʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ lonaa sakɩyɛ yɔ ɛzɩ Duolingo pɩnaɣ 2015 nɛ mɛɛsaɣtɛ aŋgba wena asɩna nɛ Esɩperantɔ kʊnʊŋ ɖɛɣ na lɔŋ lɔŋ yɔ.   

Esɩperantɔ tɛkɛ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ taa kewiyaɣ kʊnʊŋ. Ɛlɛ, kɩkɛ tʊmɩyɛ kʊnʊŋ aŋgba wena awɛna kɛsɛɣa tɛ ɛhʊyɛ yɔ, kajalaɣ taa paa lɛ Esɩperantɔ tɛ aŋgba. Esɩperantɔ cɔlʊʊ sɔsɔtʊ kɛ kedeŋga  Esɩperantɔ ŋgbɛyɛ (UEA), ɖɩ nɛ ajɛyɛ kɩgbɛndʊʊ nɔɔ kʊɖʊmaɣ ŋgbɛyɛ nɛ UNESCO ɖama nɛ tabalɩyɛ nɩnaʊ nʊmɔʊ taa.
Fatiikaŋ

**Fatiikaŋ** kɛna Erɔpɩ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩwɛ Room, Italii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Pakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ pɩnaɣ 2017 taa lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖi-taa ɛyaa kpɛnda 605 nɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa maɣna ɛzɩ 0,44km2 yɔ.

Mbʊ yebina nɛ kedeŋa kpeekpe ajɛyaa taa lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ ndɩ kɩlɩna weʊ ñɩɩɩ kɛ walanzɩ taa nɛ nɖɩ ɖɔɖɔ pɩkɔzɩna ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa.

Fatiikaŋ tɛtʊ ñʊʊtʊ kɛʊna krɩstʊ katolika-tʊ nɛ pɩwɛɛ se ɛkɛʊna Papa. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖi-ñʊʊtʊ kɩfalʊ yɔ Papa François. Ɛnʊ lɛɣzɩna Papa Benoit hiu nɛ looɖo weyi ekiza papa tʊmɩyɛ kɛ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ 28 pɩnaɣ 2013.

Papa kɩfalʊ ɛnɛ palɩza-ɩ lakɩŋ fenaɣ hiu nɛ naatozo pinaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ ŋga ka-taa pʊtɔbʊʊ se pɩnaɣ 2013.

Kunʊmɩŋ weyi pɔyɔɔdɩɣ Fatiikaŋ yɔ, ɛnʊ lɛ: Fatiikaŋ taa kpem lɛ Itaalii kʋnʋŋ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ, piyele Latɛŋ kʋnʋŋ kɛ pawɩlɩɣ sukulinaa taa nɛ ŋgʊ ɖɔɖɔ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ komina tʊma taa, pɔuyɔɔdɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ fransɩ, caama, aŋgilisi nɛ ɛsɩpañɩ.
Ernest Lubitsch

Ernest Lubitsch  kɛ Amerika tɛtʊ laɖʊ ɛ-tɛ nɛ Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa kiŋ, ɛcɛyaɣ ɛ-tɩ ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ pazʊʊ alɩwaatʊ taa, palʊla-ɩ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 29 pɩnaɣ 1892 Pɛrɩlɛɛ tɛtʊ taa nɛ ewolo ɛcaɣ Etaazuunii ɛjaɖɛ taa pɩnaɣ 1922. Ɛyʊ ɛnɛyɔ ɛsɩba kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 30 pɩnaɣ 1947 Bel Air (Los Angeles ɛjaɖɛ taa). Ɛkɛ ɛyʊ weyi ɛ-tʊmɩyɛ huu lɔŋ lɔŋ yɔ, ɛlaba kɛlɛm kɛlɛm naa pɩtalɩ nɩnɩwa mbʊ yɔ kɛ pɩnzɩ hiŋ natozo taa.

Ernest Lubitsch kɛ Pɛrɩlɛɛ tɛtʊ taa tɔlɩ ñɛyɩyʊ, Simon Lubitsch kaakɛna Pɛrɩlɛɛ tɛtʊ taa abala wondu kususutu kuduyuu ñɩma ɖɔkɩyʊ sɔsɔ. Simon Lubitsch kaakɛ Hofjuden waa liɖe taa ɛyʊ (yuda ɛyaa pɛkɛwa). Ernesrt, ɛgbamɩyɛ pɩɣa, palʊla-ɩ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 28 pɩnaɣ 1892,  eyeba sukuli lɛ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ hiu nɛ loɖo yeke. 

Ɛ-caa maɣzɩ nɛ ɛɖʊ-ɩ liidiye kpou yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ tʊmɩyɛ, mbʊ hana ɖoŋ Ernest se tam nabʊlɛ fezuu caɣʊ. Teu feŋ lɛ ɛlakɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ ɖoo yuu lɛ, ɛpaɣzɩ amʊʊza tʊmɩyɛ labʊ. Pɩtɩŋna Victor Arnold weyi wɛɛ ana a-taa pɩnaɣa-ɩ ɖeu yɔ yɔɔ lɛ, Ernest hiɣ ɖoŋ nɛ ɛlakɩ amʊza sʊlʊm naa ɖɩpɛdɩyɛ taa nɛ pʊmʊna-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɖeu. Kɛlɛ kpaɣ lɩmaɣza nɛ ewona-ɩ ɛwɩlɩ-ɩ Max Reihardt, ɛlɛ kaakɛna Caama amʊʊza tʊma ñʊʊ tʊ nɛ ɛɖʊ-ɩ ɛ-ɛyaa ɖenɖe kaatɛma wɛʊ Emil Jannings yɔ.
   
Pɩnaɣ 1914 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, tanaŋ tɩnaa kaaɖɩna lɩmaɣza labʊ, nɛ Lubitsch kaawɛ ɖɔɖɔ pɩyɔɔ. Kɛlɛ ɛpɩsɩ kpɛlɩ seɣtiyu, laɖʊ nɛ tɩyɩnayʊ kɛ pa-tʊma labʊ taa. Wɛtʊ tiyebina nɛ pɩpasɩ Davidson, nɛ ɛha-ɩ yaa ɛsʊzɩ-ɩ liidiye nɖɩ ɛhɛya-ɩ yɔɔ ɖɩ-yɔɔ. Pɩnzɩ nanza nzɩ you kaalaba yɔɔ sɩ-alɩwaatʊ taa Lubtsch la kɛlɛm kɛlɛm naa sakɩyɛ, mba pasɩɣana se Caama ɛjaɖɛ ɛlɛzɩ ɖɩ-lɩmaɣza yɔ.  

Kɔzɔɖɔ kʊyʊmʊ wayi ɛzɩ ewobu Etaazuunii pɩnaɣ 1922 nɛ pɩtalɩ-ɩ pɩyʊ mbʊ lɛ, ɛkʊyɩ Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa pɩnaɣ 1923 mbʊ lɛ ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 30, se pɩsa ewolo ɛcaɣ Hollywood pɩtɩŋna ɛzɩma Mary Pickfort ya-ɩ yɔ. Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛlɛ kaasɔɔla se ediyi Dorothy Vernon of Haddon Hall taa. Ɛnʊ kizi nɛ eyele ɛla Rosita pɩnaɣ 1923, kɛ ɛ-kajalaɣ Amerika kɛlɛm kɛlɛm nɛ kɩwa ɖɔɖɔ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe mbʊ. 

Pɩnaɣ 1935 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, Caama ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʊ tisi ɛ-haŋ tɛɛ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛɛkɛ Caama ɛyʊ. Pɩnaɣ kʊyʊmaɣ ŋga ka-taa, ɛpɩsɩ Paramount hendu kɩlɩzɩtʊ ñʊʊ tʊ, eyeke koŋ Hollywood laɖʊ weyi ɛcɔŋa hendu lɩzʊʊ tʊma yɔɔ yɔ. Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1935 hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 27 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, ɛkpaɣ halʊ Vivian Gaye, palʊla ɛlɛ, Sanya Bezencenet pɩnaɣ 1908, ɛɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlaɖʊ. Pɛwɛna pɩɣa kʊyʊmaɣ koŋ halɩpɩɣa, Nicolas Lubitsch, palʊla-ɩ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 27 pɩnaɣ 1938.
Fefeku

Lɛɣtʊ piliŋa nakɛyɛ wɛɛ nɛ payaɣ-kɛ se tɛɛrɩmodinamiki (thermodynamique). Lɛɣtʊ piliŋa ŋga ka-tʊmɩyɛ taa pañɩnɩɣ nɛ panaɣ ɖeɖe fefeku lɩɣna yɔ.
Fefekiŋ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Fefeku nakʊyʊ taa saɣ miŋ kpaaŋ. Nakʊyʊ taa miŋ ñamaɣna. Nakʊyʊ taa pɩwɛɛ tɛɛm. 
Tomnasɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ lɛɣtʊ nʊmɔʊ taa lɛ, fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ yaɣ fefeku ŋgʊ kɩ-taa sa miŋ kpaaŋ yɔ se «température élevée». Payaɣ fefeku lɛɛkʊ nɛ fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se «chaleur latente». Payaɣ lɛɛkʊ se «capacité thermique» nɛ payaa lɛɛkʊ se «équation de la chaleur».
Fenasɩ takayaɣ

Fenasɩ takayaɣ kɛna takayaɣ ŋga ka-taa nɛ alɩwaatʊ tɩŋga yɔ. Pɩsa nɛ ɛyʊ tɩlɩ mbʊ ɛla alɩwaatʊ tʊnɛ yaa tʊnɛ tɩ-taa lɛ, ɛtɛyɩ efemiye tɔm sakɩyɛ taa nɛ ɛlɩzɩ mbʊ pɩsɩna-ɩ kɛlɛʊ yɔ. Ɛyʊ cɔna ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩma kɩlɛmɩŋ cɔʊ yɔ lɛ, ɛzɩma tɛŋ nɩʊ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ lɛ, ɛzɩma lʊŋgɩyɛ kɔŋ nɛ pɩnzɩ lɛɛzɩɣ ɖama lɛ, ɛmaɣzɩ ɛ-taa nɛ ɛlɩzɩ takayaɣ ŋga ka-taa ɛpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɛtɛyɩ pɩnaɣ tɩŋga yɔ. 

Takayaɣ ŋga ka-taa kɛ ɛɖʊwa se pɩnaɣ taa lɛ, tʊmɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ ɖɩnɛ kɛ ɛlakɩ yaa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, sɔnzɩ sɩnɛ nɛ sɩnɛ kɛ pɩwɛɛ se palakɩ. Pʊ-yɔɔ kɛ ɛya efemiye se *efemiye* nɛ paa efemiye nɖɩ lɛ, ɖɩna ɖɩ-tɛyɩtʊ nɛ ɖɩ-tʊmɩyɛ. Afema wayɩ lɛ, kpɩtaŋ kɔŋna, ɛlɛ wayɩ lɛ fenasi, sɩ-wayɩ kɛ pɩnzɩ ñɛwɛ. Pɩtasɩɩna pɩnzɩ yeke, pɩnzɩ wayɩ kɛ mbʊ payaɣ se waɣsɩ yɔ sɩwɛɛ. 

Efemiye taa ñɩɩtʊ 24 wɛna nɛ afema lʊbɛ lakɩna kpɩtaʊ. Fenaɣ taa lɛ avema 30 yaa 31 wɛna; ɛlɛ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ taa avema 28 yaa 29 wɛna. Fenaɣ taa lɛ, kpɩtaŋ 4 wɛna pɩsaɣ pɩnaɣ taa lɛ fenassɩ 12 wɛna.

Efemiye wɛʊ yɔ pɛtɛyɩ-ɖɩ hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ: cɩŋ cɩŋwaa 60 lakɩna cɛceyaɣ, cɛcɛsɩ 60 ñalakɩna ñɩɩyɩɣ kʊɖʊmʊ, piyele ñɩɩtʊ 24 lɛ pɩlaba efemiye. Efemiye taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, tanandɛɛ wɛɛ, wɩsɩ taa wɛɛ, ɖanaɣ ɖɔɖɔ ñɛwɛɛ nɛ pɩtasɩna ɖoo taa. Mbʊ mbʊ pɩwɛ paa efemiye nɖɩ, kpɩtaʊ ŋgʊ, fenaɣ ŋga, pɩnaɣ ŋga nɛ waaɣ ŋga ɖɔɖɔ lɛ. 

Pɩsaa nɛ kalɩɣ wɛɛ kɛlɛʊ lɛ, ɛyʊ lɩza fenasɩ takayaɣ. Kpɩtaʊ taa kɩyakɩŋ hɩlaa yɔ: 

* hodo wiye
* piya wiye
* cɩla wiye
* sarakawaɣ wiye
* kimeɣa wiye
* mazaɣ wiye
* kujuka wiye

Kacalaɣ fenaɣ tɛ kiyakʊ kɛ pɩnaɣ paɣzɩɣ. Pɩnaɣ taa fenasi kpɛnda 12 nɛ nzi yɔ: 

* kɔlaɣ fenaɣ
* lɛlaɣ fenaɣ
* lakɩŋ fenaɣ
* ɖomaɣ fenaɣ
* agoza fenaɣ
* mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ
* hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ
* kɩyɛɛna  fenaɣ
* salaŋ fenaɣ
* aloma  fenaɣ
* kamɩŋ  fenaɣ
* saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ
Fenaɣ

**Fenaɣ** (kɩɖaʊ: ) ɖeke koŋ kɛŋna wombu pʋcɔ tɛtʋ nɛ pɩta yɔ. Wondu sɔsɔtʋ ndʋ tɩwɛ tɛtʋ yɔɔ yɔ, tɩ-taa lɛ, payaɣ Fenaɣ se, Tɛtʋ I. Ɛlɛ, paakpakɩɣ-kɛ se kɛkɛ tɛtʋ. Ŋgaa lɛ wonuu kagbaanzɩ n̄ɩŋʋ ŋgʋ kɩkɩlɩ paɣlʋʋ mbʋ mbʋ pʋcɔ wɩsɩ nɛ pɩta yɔ. Ka-walanzɩ kɛ kilomɛtɛnaa 3.474. Fenaɣ posina tɛtʋ ɛzɩ kilomɛtɛnaa 384.400 mbʋ yɔ.

Halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ mbʋ yɔ, Fenaɣ ɖeke koŋ kɛŋna wombu pɩfɛyɩ tɛtʋ yɔɔ cɩna nɛ ɛyʋ pɩzɩ ɛfɛyɩ nɩŋgbaŋaɣ pɩ-taa yɔ. Weyi ɛcalɩ fɛyʋʋ naŋgbaŋaɣ fenaɣ taa yɔ, payaɣ-ɩ se Neil Armstrong. Ɛkɛ mba pɛyɛlɩɣ ɛsɔmɩnʋʋ tɛɛ yɔ pa-taa lɛlʋ. Hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 20 n̄ɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1969 n̄ɩŋa taa ɛfɛyɩ nɩŋgbaŋaɣ ka-taa. Ɛ-wayɩ lɛ, ɛyaa hiu nɛ kʋɖʋm lɛlaa woba ɖɔɖɔ ka-taa. Patɩŋa pɛkɛ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se "Apollo" yɔ ɖɩ-taa n̄ɩma.

## Liens externes
Fenezuyeelaa

Fenezuyeelaa  kɛna  Amerika nɛ ɖooo hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ naɖiyɛ. Payaʊ se Fenezuyelaa yɔ, hɩɖɛ kɛ paɖʊ sɔdʊʊ sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Simón Bolívar yɔ, nɛ pɩlɩna ɛtʊmɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ nɖɩyɛ yɔɔ.

Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ nɛ ɖɩ-hayi kiŋ lɛ, Antiiyi tɛ teŋgu wɛna nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, Kuyeenaa ñɛwɛna. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se Pireezili yɔ ɖɩɖɩ ñɛwɛna nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-hadɛ kiŋ piyele nɛ Kolɔmbii ñɛwɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ nɛ ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ nɛ pawɩlɩɣ sukulinaa taa yɔ ŋgʊ lɛ Ɛsɩpañɔɔlɩ nɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Karakasɩ.  

Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa nɛ tɛtɛɛ ñɩm mbʊ payaɣ se karazim yɔ kamaɣ fɛyɩ nɛ pamaɣzɩ-pʊ yɔ pɩɖɛ ɛzɩ paariiliwaa 297 yɔ, mbʊ yebina nɛ Fenezuyeelaa kɛna kacalaɣ ɛjaɖɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɩlɩ wɛnaʊ karazɩm yɔ.

Fenezuyeelaa wɛ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖi payaɣ se ALBA yɔ ɖɩ-taa ɖooo saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ hiu nɛ naanza pɩnaɣ 2004 taa.
Feniisɩ

Feniisɩ (kɩɖaʊ: ) kɛna wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam yɔ tɩyɩŋga naanza ŋga kɔyɔɔ wɛ tɛtʊ yɔ. Wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga kanɛ ŋga lɛ naalɛ ŋga kɛ nzɩ siposina wɩsɩ yɔ nɛ ŋga kɛŋna looɖo ŋga hɩlɩmaɣ tom taa yaa tɩnzɩ nzɩ sɩtakɩlɩ paɣlʊʊ yɔ sɩ-taa.

Wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga kanɛ roma mba sɔdɩŋ kpeɣu kpɛlɛkɩtʊ  tʊʊ-kɛ hɩɖɛ se Feniisɩ ɛsɔ halɩ ñɩnʊ.  

Feeniisɩ kɛna wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam yɔ tɩyɩŋga nakayɩ nɛ ɛzɩ koposina wɩsɩ yɔ pʊwɛ O,718 nɛ 0,728 UA. Feeniisɩ kpayaɣ hɛkʊ taa cɔʊ cɔʊ mbʊ yɔ pɩmaɣna afema 224,7. Tɩyɩŋga kanɛ kɛwɛna tɛtʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩnzɩ nzɩ payaɣ se Mɛɛrkiiri, Tɛtʊ nɛ Maarɩsɩ yɔ. Tɛtʊ cɔʊʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩŋga kanɛ kɛfɛyɩna tɩŋga cikpelaɣ kɩmalaɣ nakayɩ. 

Tɩyɩŋga kanɛ nɛ tɩyɩŋga ŋga payaɣ se Iiranisi yɔ sɩ ɖeke koŋ kɛ wɩsɩ cɔɔʊ taŋgalam tɩyɩnzɩ kpeekpe taa se sɩcɔʊ kiliŋgili. Tɩyɩŋga kanɛ keɖeke kɔcɔʊna ka-tɩ tam kʊɖʊm taa kɛ kɩykɩŋ 243, ŋgʊ kaacɔ; wɩsɩ kpɛɛɛ nɛ kataŋ lɛ kalaba afema 224,701.
Fernand de Magellan

Ɖajaa Fernand de Magellan kɛ Pɔrɩtɩgalɩ tʋ. Palʋla-ɩ Pɔrɩtɩgalɩ nɛ hayi kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Palʋla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1480 ñɩŋga taa.

Ɛsɩba Filipini ɛjaɖɛ taa ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nɛɛlɛ nɛ lʋbɛ (27) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1521 n̄ɩŋga taa.

Ɖajaa Fernand de Magellan cɔ tɛtʋ kpeekpe ɛta. Mɛlɛ taa ɛcaɣa nɛ ɛcɔɔ-tʋ nɛ ɛta.

Salaŋ fenaɣ, pɩnaɣ 1522 n̄ɩŋga taa ɛtɛma tɛtʋ cɔʋ nɛ ɛta. Ɖajaa Fernand de Magella kpaɣ pɩnzɩ naadozo mpilim nɛ ɛcɔɔna tɛtʋ. 

Ɖajaa Juan Sebastián Elcano cɔŋna Ɖajaa Fernand de Magellan nʋmɔʋ ɖɔm tɩŋa yɔɔ. Ɖajaa Fernand de Magellan kʋyɩ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, ɛpaɣzɩna wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ yɔɔlʋʋ taa nɛ ɛkɔɔ ɛtɛmna wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa.
Fezuu (esprit)

Wondu ndɩ ndɩ sakɩyɛ wɛ ɛyʊ ñʊʊ taa nɛ pɛkpɛndɩ kpɛm nɛ payaa se fezuu yaa kalɩzaɣ. Mbʊ pɩkpɛndaa nɛ payaɣ se ɛyʊ fezuu yaa ɛyʊ kalɩzaɣ yɔ, mbʊʊ yɔ : ɛyʊ naɣ naʊ mbʊ yɔ (perception) nɛ ɛyʊ ñaŋ yaa eseliɣ seluu mbʊ nabʊyʊ ɛsɩndaa yɔ (affectivité) nɛ ɛyʊ ñʊʊ taa pʊkɔŋ kɔm mbʊ yɔ (intuition) nɛ ɛyʊ maɣzɩɣ maɣzʊʊ mbʊ yɔ (pensée) nɛ ɛyʊ hʊʊ tɔm hʊʊ mbʊ yɔ (jugement) nɛ ɖɔnɛ kɩbanɖɛ nɖɩ pʊpɔzʊʊ se ɛyʊ ɛɖɔ yɔ (morale).

Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ aŋgba sakɩyɛ taa ɛyaa tɔŋ se ɛyʊ wɛ tɔm naadozo taa : tomnaɣ wɛɛ nɛ ciyam wɛɛ nɛ fezuu yaa kalɩzaɣ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se fezuu kɛ ɛyʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ lɛɛkʊ. Yee ɛyʊ hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-naadozo ɛ-taa nakʊyʊ ɛfɛyɩ kɔyɔ, ɛyʊ ɖɔɖɔ fɛyɩ. Ɛyʊ hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-naadozo ɛ-taa lɛ, tomnaɣ ɖeɖe ɛyʊ ɛza naɣ. Ɛyʊ ɛza ɛɛnaɣ fezuu, ɛɛnaɣ p. Lɛɣtʊ pɩlɩʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se filozofii (philosophie) yɔ, kɩ-pɩlɩʊ taa lɛ, ɛyʊ fezuu tɔm pakɩlɩɣ yɔɔdʊʊ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se pañɩnɩɣ kpem se patɩlɩ mbʊ payaɣ se fezuu yɔ camɩyɛ siŋŋ. Mba pañɩnɩɣ se patɩlɩ fezuu camɩyɛ siŋŋ yɔ, pɔtɔŋ se fezuu wɛ ndɩ kpem nɛ tomnaɣ. Ɛyaa mba pɔtɔŋ ɖɔɖɔ se fezuu wɛ ndɩ nɛ ciyam (âme). Lɛɣtʊ pɩlɩʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se sikolozii (psychologie) yɔ, kɩ-taa ñɩnɩyaa tɔŋ se fezuu kɛ ɛyʊ fɩtɩyɩm taa tʊma ndɩ ndɩ, halɩ pɩkpɛndɩna tʊma wena ɛlakɩna maɣzɩm nɛ wena ɛɛlakɩ-yɛ nɛ maɣzɩm yɔ a-tɩŋa payɩ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se wena ɛyʊ naɣ nɛ ɛlakɩ nɛ wena ɛlakɩ-yɛ kaasɩmtʊ yɔɔ yɔ.

Lɛɣtʊ piliŋa ŋg payaɣ se metafiziki (métaphysique) yɔ nɛ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ aŋgba taa lɛ, pɔyɔɔdʊʊ se wonuu ŋgʊ kɩfɛyɩna tomnaɣ nɛ kɩwɛɛ ɛyʊ taa yɔ.

Pʊ-yɔɔ payaɣ mbʊ pɩtɩŋ payɩ pɩfɛyɩna tomnasɩ yɔ se feziŋ. Payaɣ Ɛsɔ se Fezuu, payaa Ɛsɔ tiyiyaa se feziŋ nɛ pɛtɛ payaa ɖɔɖɔ alewaa se feziŋ. 
Lɛɣtʊ piliŋa ŋga payaɣ se sikolozii (psychologie) yɔ, ka-pɩlɩʊ taa lɛ, pɔtɔŋ se fezuu kɛ ɖoŋ weyi ɛyʊ wɛna ɛ-fɩtɩm taa nɛ ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛlakɩ lɩmaɣza yɔ.

Fezɩŋ taa ɖɔɖɔ mbʋ payaɣ se eleu yaa aleewaa yɔ pɩwɛɛnɛ pɩkɛna yatʋ ndʋ tɩfɛyɛ kɛlɛʋ kɛ nɩʋ taa yɔ. Mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ aleewaa kɩbama wɛɛ nɛ kɩtɛkɛɛdaa wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Aleewaa kɩbama kɛlɛ mba paalakɩ ɛzaɣtʋ yaa kɩdɛkɛdɩm yɔ. Aleewaa kɩbama mba pa-taa kɛlɛ ɛgɔlɔmɩyɛ yaa agɔlɔma. Agɔlɔma halɩ ñɩna wɛɛ nɛ abalɩ ñɩna wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Agɔlɔma kɩbana wɛɛ hɔʋ yaa hɔŋ tɛɛ nɛ a-tʋmɩyɛ yaa a-tʋma kɛlɛ se akandɩ ɛyaa yɔɔ. Piyele agɔlɔma lɛɛna wɛ ɖɩsɩ taa. Paa ɛgɔlɔmɩyɛ nɖɩ lɛ nɛ ɖɩ-wazaɣ. Naayɛ wazaɣ kɛlɛ se ala nɛ tɛʋ nɩɩ, lɛɛna lɛ heelim, lʋlʋ, halɩkpaɣyɛ, tɔnʋʋ taa alafɩya, haɖaʋ, ɖɔɖɛ, ñɩm yaa tʋma ndɩ ndɩ.Pɩwɛ mbʋ lɛ, wayɩtʋ yaa wayɩ mba wAɛɛ nɛ mba kandʋna ɛsandɩnaa yɔɔ.   

Feziŋ kɩpaŋ wayɩ lɛ, fezɩŋ kɩdɛkɛdɩŋ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Fezɩŋ kɩɖɛkɛdɩŋ ɩnʋ ɩ-taa kɔyɔ kanaɣ yaa kañasɩ. Kañaɣ yaa kañasɩ kɛna ɛyaa mba pasɩba nɛ paakɛ azaɣ yɔ. Sɩɖa mba pa-kalɩzasɩ ɩɩnaɣ ɖenɖe ssɩcaɣ yɔ pʋ-yɔɔ kɛ sɩyɛlɩɣna yem. Kañasɩ nzɩ, nzɩ kpaɣna ɛyaa kalɩzasɩ nɛ sɩtɔkɩna hama taa. Kañasɩ wayɩ lɛ ñazɩñazɩŋ yaa ñazɩñazʋʋ wɛɛ. Ɛlɛ pɩzɩɣ ɩpɩsɩ kpou yaa ɛzɩ tɛtɛ kpɩnɛ naɖɩyɛ yem yɔ nɛ ɛñazɩɣ ɛyaa. Ɛlɛ ñazɩñazɩŋ ɩnʋ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɩkʋ ɛyʋ nɛ hama taa. 

Fezɩŋ kɩdɛkɩdɩŋ la lɛ, tozo ñɩŋʋ nakʋyʋ wɛɛ nɛ ɩŋʋ payaɣ se ɛmɩzɩyaa yaa ɛmɩzɩyʋ. Ɛmɩzɩyaa ñazʋʋ ɛyʋ nɛ efindiluu yaa ɩcɔzʋ ɛyaa ñʋntaa. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛmɩzɩyɛ sʋʋ ɛyʋ nɛ ɛpaazɩ ɛ-ñʋtaa mɩzɩʋ lɛ, pʋndʋ lakɩ lakasɩ kɩdɛkɛdasɩ ndɩ  yem. Pʋndʋ lakɩ mbʋ pɩtatɩɩ fɛyɩ ɖeu yɔ.
Leonardo Fibonacci

Leonhard Fibonacci, (palʊla-ɩ 1175 cɔlɔ mbʊ yɔ Pise tɛtʊ taa ŋtalɩ pʊcɔ 1250 cɔlɔ ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ yɔ). Ɛkɛ Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩyʊ nɔɔyʊ. Payaɣ-ɩ canaʊ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa se Leonhard Pisano nɛ kpaɣ nɔɔnɔɔ alɩwaatʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa mbʊ yɔ pasɩma-ɩ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa hɩɖɛ lɛɛɖɛ ɖɩnɛ se Pise Leonhard. Ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛsɛɛ ɛ-tɩ hɩɖɛ se Leonardo Bigollo (bigollo tɔbʊʊ se Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa woɖu).

Palʊla-ɩ Pise tɛtʊ taa, skɩyɛ taa ɛlabʊ e-sukuli yɔ Béjaïa ɛkɩlɩ-kʊ labʊ, tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩwɛ Alzeerii ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛnɛ. Ɛ-caa kaakɛna tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa peeɖe wondu pɛdɩyaa nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʊ pʊtɔbʊʊ se Pise tɛtʊ taa kɛlɛ mbʊ, nɛ ɛnʊ payaɣ se Guglielmo Bonacci. Mɛlɛnaa ɖɩzɩŋɩyɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɖenɖe kaakɛ canaʊ taa taɖɩyɛ siŋ lone nɛ lɔŋ sɩnɖɛ lone yɔ kɛ Fibonacci paɣza ɛ-tɛ lɛɣtʊ sukuli labʊ. E-sukuli kaakɛ koŋ Al-Khwarizmi ñʊŋ lɛɛzʊʊ kalɩtʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ. 
  
Ɛwoba ɖɔɖɔ Egipiti nɛ Siiri nɛ Sisiili nɛ Provence pɩtɩŋna ɛ-caa yɔ mbʊ lɛ, nɛ ɛkatɩ lɛɣtʊ tɩna sakɩyɛ mbʊ lɛ, Fibonacci pɩzɩ ɛkɔna Pise tɛtʊ taa pɩnaɣ 1198 aloɩwaatʊ taa kɛ arabɩ kalɩyasɩ nɛ ñʊŋ lɛɛzʊʊ kalɩtʊ matʊ. Mbʊ pɩwɩla tadɩyɛ fezuu ɛgbadɩyɛ nɛ Itaalii tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ canaʊ taa nɛ lɛɣtʈu tɩlʊʊ nɛ nesi tʊma pɛ-ɛyaa cɔlɔ lɛɣlɛ.

Pɛkɛdʊʊ-ɖʊ se kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1228 alɩwaatʊ taa mbʊ yɔ patatasɩ sɩm Fibonacci fezuu caɣʊ yɔ tɔm natʊyʊ. Takayaɣ kʊyʊmaɣ nakayɛ taa tɔm yeke kɛdʊʊna ɛ-yɔɔ tɔm. Pɩkɛ takayaɣ ŋga kɔ-tɔm leɖa ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1241 taa, nɛ panaɣ ka-taa liidiye ɛzɩma Pise ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa hɛyaɣ-ɩ pɩnaɣ taa yɔ. Liidiye nɖɩ lɛ, liiri naa nɛɛlɛ nɛ wɩlɩyʊ leonardo Bigollo ɛkɛ ɛyʊ lɔŋ nɛ ɛɖɔkɩ ɛ-tɩ kpam. Pɛhɛyɛ-ɩ liidiye pɩlɩna tʊma sakɩyɛ wena ɛlaba Pise tɛtʊ nɛ Pise ɛyaa a-yɔɔ. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa peeɖe Fibonacci sɩba pʊwayɩ. 

Pɩtɩŋna takayaɣ nakayɛ taa tɔm suzuu yɔɔ lɛ, Fibonacci kɔna Ɛndɩ nɛ Arabɩ matʊ Erɔpʊ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Wɛtʊ ndʊ tɩwɛ ɖoŋ nɛ pɩcaɣ kɛlɛʊ pɩkpaɖɩ Room ñɩndʊ nɛ Fibonacci maɣmaɣ tisi pʊyɔɔ kpem. Pɩtɛ lubitu ndʊ tɩkɔna kaɖɛ ɛyaa mba patatɩlɩɣ akɔnta labʊ nɛ tadɩyɛ tɩnaa yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1280 taa lɛ, Florɛnsɩ ɖʊ kaʊ koozasi tʊmɩyɛ laɖaa se patatasɩ labɩnaʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ arabɩ kalɩyasɩ.
Fikitoriya Kujomuu

Fikitoriya kujomuu payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se Niyanza yaa Ukerewe yaa Nalubaale Afrika kedeŋga taa kujomuu kɩ-kɩlʊʊ nɛ ñɩnʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa lɛ, kɩ-kɛ naanza yaa naalɛ ŋgʊ kedeŋga tɩŋga taa pɩlɩna kɩ-walanzɩ yɔ kilomɛta waa 68100 kpɛɛ ko. Kɩcɛlɛ kɩ-hɩɖɛ Britanikii ɛjaɖɛ takɩyʊ Speke pɩnaɣ 1858 weyi ɛɛkɛ kajalaɣ ñɩnɩyʊ weyi ɛɛlɛɣ talʊʊ kujomuu ŋgʊ kɩ-ɖeɖe nɛ ɛha-kʊ hɩɖɛ se Abiɖe Fikitoriya tɛ ŋgʊ yɔ.

Kɩwɛ Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ɛyaa sakɩyɛ hɛkʊ taa nɛ ɖɩnaɣ pada peeɖe Keniya ɛyaa nɛ hayi wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kiŋ, Uganda ñɛwɛnɛ hayi nɛ hayi wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa nɛ Tanzani haɖɛ yɔ nɛ haɖɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kiŋ. Fɛɛŋ nɩɩlɛ kɩ-kɩdeŋ cɔ-kʊ nɛ pɩta kitibu taa. Kɩkɛ Niili kʊ-hʊlʊmʊʊ ɖɩlɩyɛ n ŋgʊ kɩkɩlɩɣ ɖalʊʊ Niili pɔsɩ kɩkpɛdasɩ taa yɔ.

Fikitoriya wɛ Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ taa lɩŋgamɩŋ hɛkʊ taa nɛ tɛtʊ kijeɣa tɛzɩna kʊ-yɔ nɛ hayi kiŋ. Kɩ-tɛ ajɛyɛ kpɛɛ ñɩna kɔyɔ Keniya ɛjaɖɛ nɛ hayi wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa nɛ Uganda hayi yɔ nɛ hayi yɔ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa nɛ Tanzaanii haɖɛ yɔ kiŋ. Kɩtɩkɩlɩ liŋguu pɩmana mɛta waa 40 pɩkɩla kɔyɔ mɛta waa 83.

Fikitoriya kujomuu paɣlɩ ɖalakɩŋ taa nɛ pɩmaɣna kilomɛta waa 320 nɛ hayi yɔ nɛ haɖɛ yɔ kiŋ taa nɛ walanzɩ kɛ kilomɛta waa 275 wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa. Kɩ-tɛ fɛɛʊ wɛna pɔsɩ kɩkpɛndasɩ sakɩyɛ sɩ-taa kɔyɔ Kagera ŋga kɩlɩna, kalɩna Tanzaanii ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ kɛkpɛndɩɣ kujomuu taa. Lɛɛsɩ lɩɣna Purundi nɛ Ruwanda nɛ Keniya.

Kujomuu ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ kidemɩŋ pɩsa lonaa wena a-taa lʊʊlʊʊ taa ɛyaa ndɩ ndɩ katɩɣ ɖama, hɔɔlʊʊ lɛɛkʊ taa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ Suudanɩ nɛ haɖɛ kiŋ ɛyaa (niilo-sahariyɛnɩ) Keniya nɛ hayi nɛ Uganda nɛ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ mba pɛwɛ kujomuu ŋgʊ nɛ hayi yɔ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa yɔ (Luo nɛ Kalenjin) nɛ hɔɔlɩŋ lɛɛŋ taa lɛ, Pantuu ɛyaa Afrika nɛ haɖɛ yɔ nɛ ntalɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa pa-kamaɣ yɔ (Ganda nɛ Sukuma nɛ Soga nɛ Luhya). Kujomuu pɔɔ nɔɔ yɔ caɣyaa yɔɔdʊʊ (Pantuu waa kʊnʊŋ) nɛ pɩtasɩna Ɛnglɩsɩ kʊnʊŋ ɛzɩ ɖama hɛkʊ taa kʊnʊmɩŋ. Ɛyaa mba patɩŋgɛ mbʊ yɔ pɛsɛɣ Ɛsɔ.
Filipini

Filipini kɛna Azii nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ lɩm hɛkʊ taa tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkpɛndaa nɛ sɩpɩsɩ lɩm taa kacasɩ yɔ sɩtala 7 107. Lɩm taa kacasɩ nzɩ sɩ-taa lɛ 90 kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ kɛ tɛtʊ ñabɩ nɛ hɔɔlɩŋ ɛzɩ 2 000  taa kɛ ɛyaa wɛɛ. Peeɖe lɩm hɛkʊ taa tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩfɛyɩna hɩla yɔ tɩtɖɛ ɛzɩ 2 400 yɔ. 

Filipini taa tɛtʊ wɛtʊ wɛ hɔɔlɩŋ niitozo: Liisɔnɩ, Fisayasɩ nɛ Mindanaʊ. Liisɔnɩ kɛna kɛna lɩm hɛkʊ taa tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkɩlɩ walʊʊ nɛ ndʊ tɩkɩla wɛnaʊ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ yɔ. Peeɖe kɛ Filipini tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ Manili wɛɛ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ ndʊ tɩkɩla walanzɩ yɔ, Keezɔnɩ tɛtʊ ɖɔɖɔ wɛɛ. 

Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-hɛkʊ nɛ hɛ;kʊ taa lɛ Fayasɩ wɛna nɛ lɩm hɛkʊ taa tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩwɛɛ yɔ nɖʊ lɛ: Negroo, Sebuu, Poholɩ, Panee, Masɩbatɩ, Samarɩ nɛ Leyitɩ. Hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Mindanaʊ hɔɔlʊʊ ñɛwɛna. Hɔɔlʊʊ kʊnɛ kɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ yɔ: Tavaʊ, Marawii, Sambowaŋga nɛ Oro tɛ Kagayaŋɩ. Mindanaʊ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Suuluu tɛtʊ wɛna, nɛ tɩ-taa kɔyɔ: Pazilanɩ, Soloo nɛ tawi-tawi tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩñɔyɩna Pɔɔrɩnewoo yɔ.   

Fayasɩ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ lɛ lɩm hɛkʊ taa kacaɣ ŋga payaɣ se Palawanɩ yɔ kɛwɛna. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa ɖeke lɩm hɛkʊ taa tɛtʊ talʊʊ ɛzɩ 1 700 yɔ. Lɩm hɛkɩŋ taa tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛna Pasifiki lɩm fɛʊʊ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa kutoku yɔ. Azii taa lɛ Filipini kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ lɛɛɖɛ nɖɩ ɖi-taa krɩstʊ mba kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ.
Filozofii

**Filozofii**, pɩlɩna Krɛkɩ kɩbɩnʋʋ taa tɔmbiye φιλοσοφία cɔlɔ (pɛkpɛnda φιλεῖν, philein : « sɔɔlʋʋ » ; nɛ σοφία, sophia : « ɛsɛtʋʋ sɩmtʋ»), nɛ pɩkɛna : « ɛsɛtʋʋ sɩmtʋ sɔɔlʋʋ ». 

Pɩkɛkɛna kɩlabɩm nɛ sɩmtʋ piliŋga nakɛyɛ ɖoo Antikitee taa Wɩsɩɖʋɖʋyɛ nɛ Wɩsɩɖɩlɩyɛ. Pɩkɛkɛna kedeŋga nɛ ɛyʋ ɛwɛyɛ pɔ-yɔɔ tɔmpɔzʋʋ, pɔ-tɔm tɔbʋʋnɩʋ nɛ pɔ-yɔɔ maɣzɩm labʋ. Kɩñɩnaɣ wembu yɔ, pʋɖɔwa : toovenim tɔm ñɩnʋʋ ; kɩbandʋ, keɖewa nɛ siɣsiɣtʋ pɔ-yɔɔ maʋzɩm labʋ ; wezuu caɣʋ nɛ koboyaɣ pɔ-tɔbʋʋ nɩʋ ñɩnʋʋ.

Filozofii tɛkɛna sɩmtʋ, kɩtɛkɛna sɩmtʋ huuye, ɛlɛ sɩmtʋ wendu tʋɖɔna wɛʋwɛʋ yɔ, tʋ yɔɔ lɩmaɣza labʋ nʋmɔʋ ɖɔm. Ɖooo kɩ-ɖɩñɔyɛ taa’a kɩkama ñʋʋ ndɔnjɔɔlɩyɛ nɛ lɩmaɣza ɖamatiitinaʋ pɔ-yɔɔ. Pʋ-yɔɔ papɩzɩɣ pɔtɔ se kɩkɛkana kɔnsɛptɩwaa yɔɔ taatazʋʋ, tɔbʋʋ lɩzʋʋ, lubu yaa maɣzʋʋ pa-kɩlabɩm.

Filozofii fɛyɩ ɛzɩ sciences naturelles, sciences formelles nɛ sciences humaines yɔ. Tɛŋgʋ kɩ-ɖɩñɔyɛ taa ’lɛ, kɩñɔkɔyɩna-wɛ. Filozofii talɩzɩ nabʋyʋ solo yaa pi-ɖeke se pʋ-yɔɔ kɩlakɩ tʋmɩyɛ. Kɛlɛ, kɩ-taa wɛ hɔɔlɩŋ sɔsɔŋ ndɩndɩ ɛzɩ loziki, etiki, metafiziki, politikifilozofii nɛ sɩmtʋ lɩmaɣzɩyɛɖoyo. Alɩwaatʋ wɛɛ tɩɖɛʋ nɛ tɩɖɛʋ’lɛ, hɔɔlɩŋ sɔsɔŋ lɛɛŋ kɔɔ ɩsɔzɩ pʋ-yɔɔ : ɩlɛ’ɛ yɔ ɛzɩtetiki, waɖɛ filozofii, sɩyansɩwaa tɔm filozofii (yaa episitemolozii), feziŋ tɔm filozofii, anthropologie philosophique, yaa yɔɔdɩtʋ filozofii.
Windɔkɩ

Windɔkɩ kɛna Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ naɖɩyɛ nɛ tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩkɛ Namibi ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ. Ɖooo lɛ Windɔkɩ tɛtʋ kaakɛna Caama ñazɩya mba paawɛ Afrika taa yɔ pɛ-tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ. Tɩpɩsa Namibi ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ yɔ, pɩnzɩ 1990 wayɩ, alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩmʋ ɖɩ-tɩyɔɔ xɛʋ yɔ. Tɛtʋ ndʋ ɖɔɖɔ kɩlɩna walanzɩ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa. 

Peeɖe kɛ palakɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛ politiki kediizasi sɔsɔsɩ, amʋʋza ndɩ ndɩ, tɔsʋʋ liidiya nɛ ɛsɩndaa wobu tʋma kpeekpe. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1844 kɛ sɔdʋʋ ŋgʋ payaɣ-kʋ se Jonker Afrikaner yɔ yɔ, ɛya tɛtʋ ndʋ hɩɖɩ nɖɩ se Windɔkɩ, pʋtɔbʋʋ se Heelim ɖeɖe. Kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 2014 lɛ, Windɔkɩ tɛtʋ maaliki yɔɔ cɔnɩyʋ kɛ payaɣ se Muesee Kazapua nɛ tɛtʋ tʋnɛ nɛ tɩɖʋ taabalɩyɛ yaa ɖama nɩnaʋ nɛ ɛsɩnda wobu nɛ tʋma labʋ nɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ natʋyʋ: Pɛrɩlɛɛ (Caama) nɛ Tuwala (Kameruni).
Flandɩ kʊnʊŋ

Flandɩ kʊnʊŋ kɛ Flandɩ ɛyaa tɛ tɩmʊʊ taa lʊlʊʊ kʊnʊŋ nɛ kɩ-kɛ ɖɔɖɔ kʊnʊŋ naalɛ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ ageeta taa ɛzɩ ɖama hɛkʊ taa kʊnʊŋ Afrika tɩmɩŋ lila lɛɛna taa. Ajɛyɛ wena a-ta  pɔyɔɔdʊʊ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ yɔ atalɩ ɛzɩ nɛɛlɛ mbʊ yɔ Afrika nɛ Wɩsɩ Ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ Hɛkʊ taa kɩŋ, ada kɔyɔ Senegaalɩ nɛ Maalii nɛ Moritaanii nɛ Kambii nɛ Kinee-Konakrii nɛ Kameruni nɛ Nizɛɛrɩ nɛ Purkina Fasoo nɛ Caadɩ nɛ Naajeeriya nɛ Siyeeraa Leyɔɔnɩ nɛ Sudaanɩ nɛ Senegaalɩ pɔɔ kidemiŋ yɔ nɛ Niili Pɔɔ yɔ. 
   
Flandɩ kʊnʊŋ kɛ Toucouleurs waa lʊlʊʊ taa kʊnʊŋ Seneegaalɩ pɔɔ kɩmalakʊ sɔsɔʊ taa nɛ Flandɩ ɛyaa mba pɛwɛ Nɩzɛɛrɩ pɔɔ handala fɛɛʊ pɩtaa ñɩŋgʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Malii ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Macina. Payaɣ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ hɩla ndɩ ndɩ mbʊ ɖɩnaɣ yɔ. Seneegaalɩ nɛ Moriitaanii ajɛyɛ taa mba ya-kʊ se Pulaar. Kinee (Fouta Djalon) mba ya-kʊ se Pular. Seneegaalɩ Wɩsɩ Ɖɩɖʊyɛ (Fouladou) ageeta taa mba ya-kʊ se foulacounda.

Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ajɛyɛ anɛyɔ Adamawa Kameruni nɛ Malii nɛ Nɩzɛɛrɩ nɛ Caadɩ nɛ Suudanɩ ya-kʊ se Fulfulde. Sɔnzɩ hɔɔlʊʊ taa lɛ, Fransɩɩ waa ya-kʊ se Peul yaa Poular. Eŋglɩsɩ mba ya-kʊ se Fulfuldé. Caama mba ya-kʊ se Fulsprache.
    
Ɛyaa mba pɔyɔɔdʊʊ Flandɩ kʊnʊŋ yɔ payaɣ se Haal- pulaaren. Pʊtɔpʊʊ se foulaphone. Maʊ taa lɛ, Flandɩ yɔɔdʊ-yʊ , pɩlɩna lakayaɣ haal cɔlɔ tɔbʊʊ se yɔɔdʊʊ. Sakɩyɛ taa lɛ, payaɣ se haal-pulaaren. Pamaɣ Flandɩ kʊnʊŋ nɛ Latɛŋ masɩ nɛ Arabɩ masɩ yaa Adlam masɩ. Ajɛyɛ sakɩyɛ maazaɣ nɛ paandɩ lɛ, ɖɩ-maɣna Latɛŋ masɩ nzɩ sɩñɩkʊ Afrika kɩ-kɛdɩnaʊ ŋgʊ kɩpasɩɣ tʊkasɩ ɛjɛɖɛ nɛ lɛɛɖɛ yɔ.

Kajalaɣ Latɛŋ masɩ nzɩ pakpaɣ se pamana Flandɩ kʊnʊŋ hɩɣ sɩ-tɩ kajalaɣ hɩɣtʊ pɩnaɣ 1930, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ F.W.Taylor tɔm kpou taa pɩnaɣ 1932. Pɩnaɣ 1966 lɛ, Unesco ñɩnɩɣ nɛ kɩkpelɩɣ nɛ kɩpɩsɩɣ kɩmaŋ Bamako ɛjaɖɛ taa kʊnʊmɩŋ. Ajɛyɛ sakɩyɛ kpaɣ tɔma ana a-wɛtʊ nɛ a-lakasɩ se palɩzɩ a-tɛ ajɛyɛ taa kʊnʊmɩŋ tɛ masɩ.
Fra Angelico

Palʋla Ɖajaa Guido di Pietro lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ lutozo ñɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1455 taa Room.   

Ɖajaa Guido di Pietro payaɣa ɖooo lɔŋ se Fra Angelico. Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa mba payaɣ se Angelico waa yɔ, payaɣna-ɩ se Fra Angelico. Ɛ-ɖɔndɩyɛ taa ñɩma ñayawaɣ-ɩ se Fra-Giovanni da Fiesole. Pama takayaɣ nakɛyɛ pʋcɔ pɩnaɣ 1555 talɩ.   

Paya takayaɣ ŋga se Weziŋ caɣʋ. Ka-taa peeɖe pamawa se ɛnʋ payaɣ Giovanni Fra Angelico. Pakʋma-ɩ hɩɖɛ ɖɔɖɔ se Ɛsɔtiyiyaa tɛ tɔlɩm tayʋ". Ɛta kamaŋaɣ nakayɩ tɔlɩm pɩnaɣ 1423.  

Ɖajaa Guido di Pietro kɛ Room tɛtʋ taa tɔlɩm tayʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Room tɛtʋ kɛŋna Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ. Ɖajaa ɛnɛ, ɛ-tɔm takayɩsɩ mayʋ sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Giorgio Vasari yɔ ɛyɔɔda nɛ ɛtɔ se Ɛsɔ ha-ɩ tɩlɩtʋ ndʋ yɔ, tɩwɛ ndɩ kpem. Sɔsɔ Giorgio vasari tɔma ɖɔɖɔ se Ɖajaa Guido di Pietro tɩlɩtʋ ɖe pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Se, tɩ-wayɩ fɛyɩ. Ɛkaɖa kpayɩ ɖɔɖɔ se pɩtɛkɛ paa anɩ pɩhaɣ pɩ-tɛ tɩlɩtʋ.  

Ɖajaa Guido di Pietro kɛ Ɛsɔ tʋ siŋŋ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se e-wezuu caɣʋ tataa cɩnɛ kamʋna Ɛsɔ pɩɣa. Ɛsɩba nɛ pɩleɖi pazɩ lɛ, papɩsɩ-ɩ Ɛyʋ kiɖeɖeu. Papɩsa-ɩ Ɛyʋ kiɖeɖeu lɛ, paha-ɩ hɩɖɛ se Fiesole tɛtʋ taa Yohanɛɛsɩ Koboyaɣ tʋ.
Fransɩɩ

**Fransɩ** ɛjɛɖɛ kɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ Eerɔpʋ nɛ kɩ-wɩsɩ ɖʊyɛ taa kpem yɔ. Fransɩ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ kɔyɔ Paarii nɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ yɔ lɛ Fransɩɩ. Liidiye ndɩ pɔtɔkɩ yɔ ndɩ lɛ Eeroo. 

Fransɩɩ kɩɖaʊ kɛtɛɛka wɛna tɔlɩm nabutozo nɛ pɩpɩɩ tibu yɔɔ. Tɔlɩm mbʊ mbʊ yɔ: pʊlɔɔ, kʊhʊlʊmʊm nɛ kɩsɛɛmɩm. Kpaɣnɛ pɩnzɩ 1950 lɛ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ kɛna ajɛya wena alɩzɩ Eerɔpʋ kpeekpe ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ yɔ nɛ ɖɩwɛ OTAN ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɖɔɖɔ. Pɩtɛkɛ piɖeke, ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ G7 taa, G20 taa, ajɛya wena atɔkɩ Eeroo se liidiya yɔ a-taa, UNESCO taa ɖɔɖɔ nɛ aŋgba kɩkaŋ hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa ɖɔpɖɔ.
 
Keteŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ lɛ Fransɩɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛna ɖɔŋ sakɩyɛ kɛ lɛɛna yɔɔ yɔ: kɩwɛna ɖɔŋ kɛ ajɛya wena awɛ lɩŋgamɩŋ hɛkɩŋ taa yɔ, pɩnɛ ketenzi nasɩlɛ taa ɖɔɖɔ.

Fransɩɩ ɖʊʊ kɩ-nɔɔ kɛ keteŋa kpeekpe politiki tɔm taa nɛ paale lɛ, kɩwɛna sɔɔjanaa. Keteŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ kɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɩlɩ wɛnaʊ ɖɔŋ lɩŋgamɩŋ nɛ teŋunaa yɔɔ. Pɩtɩŋa pɩlɩna kɩ-tɛ politiki tɔm nɛ kɩ-tɛ tɔsʊʊ hʊʊ taa nɛ ɛzɩma kɩ-ta ɛyaa ndɩ ndɩ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ. Fransɩ wɛna ɖɔŋ sɔsɔŋ kpem ɖɔɖɔ politiki tɔm taa, tɔsʊʊ  taa, sɔɔjɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛsakuliye tɔm taa kɛ Eerɔpʋ nɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa ɖɔɖɔ. 

Eerɔpʋ kpeekpe taa lɛ, pɩnaɣ 2014 taa lɛ, Fransɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ naatozo ñɩnɖɛ tɔsʊʊ hʊʊ taa; Caama nɛ Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ ajɛya ɖeke ɖɛna Fransɩɩ yɔɔ.

Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ yɔ Ɖajaa Emmanuel Macron nɛ komina ñʊʊdʊ yɔ Ɖajaa Édouard Philippe.
Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ

Fransɩɩ kɛ Ɛndɩ-Ɛropa kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩlɩnɛ Romanɩɩ cejewaa taa yɔ. Fransɩɩ ñɔɔ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ doo caanaɔ luwarɩ yɔɔdasɩɩ ndi-ndi taa, kɩ-kɛ nɛ hayʊ kɩŋ kʊnʊŋ, nɛ mbʊ nɛ sɔnɔ yɔ ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ waa mɩnɩŋ naalɛ hɩŋ lʊbɛ nɛ nanaaza kedeŋa yɔ cɩna yɔɔdʊʊ kɛ, nɛ ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ naa mɩnɩʊ nɛ hɩʊ nɛ naalɛ yɔɔdʊʊ kɛ paaɖoye nɛ mba palʊlɩ-wɛ nɛ panɩʊ nɛ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ kɛ yɔ papa kɛ miiliyɔɔ naa hɩŋ lʊbɛ nɛ nzina miiliyɔɔ waa hɩŋ lʊbɛ. Pɩnaɣ 2014 ɖɩnaɣ se kedeŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ sukulɩ pɩya cɩkpema nɛ sɔsɔsɩ mba pɛkpɛlɛkʊ anɩsaayɩɩ taa yɔ pɛkɛ miiliyɔɔ waa hɩŋ lʊbɛ nɛ lʊbɛ. 

Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖoŋ waɖɛ kɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, ɖoo pɩnaɣ 1992 kɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-kɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe kʊnʊŋ, ɖɩnaɣ-tʊ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɔkʊʊ paɣtʊ takayaɣ hɔɔlaɣ naalɛ ŋga taa. Kɩ-kɛ ɖama lɩmaazaɣ lɛɣzɩʊ pʊyʊ pɩɩŋ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɛzakʊliye nʊmɔʊ taa kedeŋga taa. Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ pɔzɩ ñɩnʋʊ sakɩyɛ kɩ-hɔɔlʊʊ taa mbʊ kihiɣ kɩ-tɩ nɛ kɩwɛɛ camɩyɛ yɔ nɛ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 3 wiye pɩnaɣ 1996 taa paɣtʋ. Tɩ-yɔɔ pɩtɩŋɩɣna nɛ Fransɩɩ kʋnʋŋ ɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa.

Kedeŋa kpeekpe kʊnɩmɩŋ sɔsɔŋ loɖo taa lɛ Fransɩɩ wɛ, ajɛyɛɛ kigbɛndʊʊ nɔɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ taa lɛ kɩ-nɛ Englɩsɩɩ tɔm palakɩna tʊmɩyɛ, kɩ-kɛ ɖɔɖɔ kʊnʊŋ sɔsɔʊ kɛ tʊma ndɩ-ndɩ taa paa ɛjaɖɛ ndɩ ɖɩ-taa paa ekeetiye ndɩ ɖɩtaa, kɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ Eerɔpʋ ajɛyaa kigbɛndʊʊ nɔɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ taa. Ɖoo pʊwayi caanaʊ Fransɩɩ kewiyaɣ alɩwaatʊ taa  tɔm hʊʊ pɩlɩŋ nɛ awiya piya kʊnʊŋ, Wp/kbp/Ruusii (Russie)|Ruusii]] tɛtɛ ñʊŋtɩnaa sɔsaa, Ɛspaañɩɩ nɛ Ɛŋglɛtɛɖɩɩ awiyaa nɛ Caama pɛtɛ awiyaa piyaa, kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩyeba se Ɛŋglɛtɛɖɩɩ, Caama  nɛ Ɛspaañɩɩ pɛwɛna ɖama nɛ tabalɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ pɩŋ. 

Fransɩɩ wɛtʊ, kʊ-hʊʊ taa nɛ kɩ-paɣtʊ takayasɩɩ kɛ lɔŋzɩndaa nabɛyɛ tʊmɩyɛ, ɛzɩ lɔŋzɩndaa sɔsaa yaa tɩ-yɔɔ wɛʊ sʊkʊlɩ naa, yaa *Académie Française*, paya-kʊ se akademii kʊnʊŋ. Paa ɛzɩmtaa kɔyɔ kɩ-yɔɔdʊʊ wɛna waɖɛ nɛ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ sɔɔlɩ- kʊ yɔɔdʊʊ lɛlɛɛyɔ nɛ kɩ-kɛ Rabelais nɛ Molière pɛtɛ kʊnʊŋ sɔsɔʊ, ɖoŋlɛɖɛ lɛ Molière kʊnʊŋ maɣmaɣ kɛlɛ.