open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ketu ɖoho

Ketu ɖoyo yaa mbʊ pakpakɩɣ nɛ palakɩna wonuu ŋgʊ kʊhɔŋ tanɩɩ yɔ, pu- ɖoyo payaɣna Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se élastomère. Pʊyʊ kɩhɔm mbʊ potolu-pʊ kulubu yɔ, pʊwɛna 99,9 % pɔɔyaɣ yaa piye 1,A-cis. Pɔɔyasɩ ya ape 1,4-cis yɔ pɛkpɛndɩ 20 000. Ketu hɔŋ camɩyɛ tanɩɩɩ. Tɩwɛna ɖoŋ kpɛlɛkʊʊ ñɩɣyɩŋ wɛtʊ nɛ mbʊ payaɣ se reziliyɛnsɩ (résilience) yɔ sakɩyɛ. Ɛlɛ, mbʊ payaɣ se sɔŋ ɔkɩziizɛɛnɩ (ozone) nɛ tiɔkɩziizɛɛnɩ (dioxygène) yɔ paataŋna ketu ɖoli, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se peyeki nɛ ketu cɛkɩ yaa tɩwɛɛkʊʊ lɔŋ.

Ketu ɖoo kɛ pʊyʊ kulubum yaa wondu kulubutu sakɩyɛ ɖoo. Ketu ɖoo wɛna mbʊ pʊhɔŋ camɩyɛ tanɩɩ yɔ pʊ-wɛtʊ yaa pu-ɖoŋ. Piyuu tɩyɛ tʊ (réticulation) pakpakɩɣ nɛ palakɩna ketu ɖoo. Papɩzɩɣ pɔhɔ ketu ɖoo yaa pɔcɔzɩ-ɩ ɛzɩma ɛyʊ sɔɔlaa yɔ, ɛlɛ, pɩɩcɛkɩ. Payaʊ se ketu yɔ pɩkɛ ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ payaɣ se ketu ɖoo (élastomère) yɔ. 
Ketu pakpakɩɣ nɛ palakɩna mbʊ pʊhɔŋ yɔ pɩtɩŋɛ payɩ, ɛzɩ pɔpɔla mbʊ yɔ. Ketu ndʊ palakɩna wondu ndʊʊ mbʊ yɔ, tɩ-mayaɣ kɛlɛ «NR».

Ketu ndʊ patolubi-tʊ kulubu yɔ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ palɩ tɩ-yɔɔ tɛtʊ tɛɛ yem yɔ, tiɖeke koŋ pasɩma sɔnɔ se ndʊʊ lɛ ketu ɖoo.

Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ ñɩnɩyʊ, sɔsɔ Charles Hanson Greville Williams wɩlɩ pɩnaɣ 1860 ñɩŋa taa se ketu ɖoo kɛ mbʊ payaɣ se poli-isoprenoyiidi (polyisoprénoïde) yɔ. Ñɩnɩyʊ sɔsɔ ɛnɛ ɛkɛ Ŋgilisi tʊ.

Salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ hiu nɛ naalɛ (12) wiye, pɩnaɣ 1909 ñɩŋa taa palɩzɩ kajalaɣ takayaɣ sɔsɔɔ ŋga payaɣ se «brevet» yɔ se pɛcɛlɩ weyi ɛsɩma ketu kɩbandʊ labʊ yɔ. Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ ñɩnɩyʊ sɔsɔ Fritz Hofmann lɩzɩna kajalaɣ takayaɣ ŋga. Ñɩnɩyʊ ɛnɛ, ɛlɛ kɛ Caama tʊ.

Paapɩzɩɣ pakpaɣ ketu ɖoonaa nɛ palabɩna aŋwanaa.
Keveŋaɣ

Keveŋaɣ kɛna kpeɣluu kpɛlɛkɩtʋ tɛyɩtʋ wɛɖʋ ŋgʋ kɩwɛ ɛsɔkaɣ tɛtʋ yɔɔ tɩyɛ yɔ, nɛ pɩcɛlɩna kooka yaa egeetiye naɖɩyɛ yɔ kɛ wɛɛ nayɛ taa. Keveŋaɣ kanɛ, kɛwɛ ndɩ yaa kɛwɛna tʋkaɣ nɛ mbʋ payaɣ size ɛsɔkaɣ yaa ɩsɔkaɣ laɣsɩ kpɛlɛkʋʋ yɔ. Sakɩyɛ tɔŋ yaa yaɣ tʋkaɣ ŋga ɖɔɖɔ size ɛsɔkaɣ ɖɔnɛ kpɛlɛkʋʋ.

Ɛsɔkaɣ laɣsɩ kpɛlɛkʋʋ kɛna n̄ɩɣʋʋ ŋgʋ pɛgbɛlɛkʋʋna alɩwaatʋ yaa wɛɛ leeɖuu yɔ kɛ pazɩ taa yɔ. Pɩcɔ nɛ pɩtɛ n̄ɩɣʋʋ ŋgʋ, paabɩzɩ pɛkpɛlɛkɩ alɩwaatʋ nɛ kʋʋ lɛ, yaa wɛɛ nɛ kʋʋ lɛ, pɩmʋnaɣ size, kɩwɛ lone kʋɖʋmɖɩyɛ taa kɛnɛ koŋ. Pɩmalɩʋna-kʋ nɛ hɛkʋ kʋɖʋmʋʋ taa wɛʋ alɩwaatʋ sakɩyɛ lɛ, kɩtɩlɩ ɖeu kɛ keveŋaɣ alɩwaatʋ.

Wɛɖʋ yaa ɖoŋ n̄ɩɣʋʋ ŋgʋ pɛkpɛlɛkʋʋna keveŋaɣ yɔɔ payaɣ size, keveŋaɣ kpɛlɛkʋʋ. Patɩlɩʋ keveŋaɣ camɩyɛ yaa ɖeu pɩtɩŋɩna kɛ-tɛ ɛsɔkaɣ (atmosphériques) lone taa lakasɩnaa kpeekpe yɔɔ. Mbʋ pɩkpɛndʋ pa-ɩ nɛ pɛcɛlʋʋ pʋʋ hɩɖɛ size keveŋaɣ yɔɔ yɔ, tomnaɣ taa miŋ songuu yaa tomnaɣ taa miŋ saʋʋ (température).

Keveŋaɣ wondu lɛɛtʋ kɔyɔ : ɛsɔkaɣ (pression atmosphérique), lɩm tɛɛ tibuu yaa kilimuu (précipitations), wɩsɩ taa wɛyɛ yaa caɣʋʋ (ensoleillement), nikaɣ wɛʋʋ yaa lone kinidiye (humidité), nɛ pɩtasɩna helim fɛtʋʋ ɖoŋ (vitesse du vent). Wondunaa mba, patɩŋɛ payɩ mbɩ yɔ pɛkpɛndʋʋ payaɣ yaa pɛcɛla hɩɖɛ size keveŋaɣ.

Tombiye keveŋaɣ nɖɩ, ɖɩlɛɛ lɩʋ kajalaɣ taa pombo kɛ fransɩ kɩnʋŋ taa kɛnɛ kɛ kpaɖʋ hiu nɛ naalɛ (12) n̄ɩŋgʋ taa. Tombiye nɖɩ, ɖɩ-tɔbʋʋ kaakɛ kɛlɛʋ yem size, tɛtʋ kpilaa wɛtʋ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ nɛ pɩcɛlɩna wɩsɩ. Ɖajaa sɔsɔ Aristote kɛna kajalaɣ tʋ weyi ɛpɩza ɛtɛyɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe tɛtʋ putuuɖe nɖɩ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa size "globe terrestre" yɔ kɛ kevenzɩ hɔɔlɩŋ kagbanzɩ  taa.
Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ

Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ wɛ Eerɔpʋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa nɛ nabɛyɛ tɔŋ se ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ Eerɔpʋ nɛ hayi kiŋ. Krandɩ-Piretañɩ, Irɩlandɩ nɛ tɛtʊ ñabɩ ñabɩ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ nɛ pɩta yɔ pɩkpɛndɩna nɛ pala ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ. Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ nɛ Irilandɩ paka kamaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ nɛ Atlantique teŋgu nɛ hayi kiŋ lɩŋgamʊʊ wɛna wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa. Hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Mansɩ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, Irilandɩ teŋuu.

Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa makɩɣna 246 610 km2. Mbʊ labɩna nɛ pɔtɔŋ se nɖɩ lɛ ɛjaɖɛ 80 ñɩnɖɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa walanzɩ taa nɛ pɩkɛ Eerɔpʋ taa kɔyɔ nɖɩ lɛ 11 ñɩnɖɛ. Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ taa ɛyaa kpɛndɩ  miliyɔɔnaa 65 nɛ nɖɩ lɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɛ 22 ñɩnɖɛ keteŋga kpeekpe ɛjaya taa ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa.

Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ yɔ Lɔndrɩ. Ɛsɩndaa wobu nɛ tɔsʊʊ hʊʊ taa lɛ, Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ kɛlɛ kacalaɣ ɛjaɖɛ kɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa.
 
Kewiyaɣ kɩkpɛndaɣ taa ajɛya kpɛnda naanza: Aŋgiletɛɛrɩ, Ekɔsɩ, Gaalɩ Ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Irilandɩ hayʊ kiŋ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩñɔ pɩnaɣ 1707 aliwaatʊ ndʊ Aŋgilitɛɛrɩ nɛ Ekɔsɩ pɛkpɛndaa yɔ.

Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1801 Irilandɩ sɔzɩ ajɛya anɛ a-yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ Eerɔpʋ ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa, Ajɛya wena ayɔɔɖɩɣ Englɩsɩɩ kʊnʊŋ yɔ a-ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se Commonwealth of Nations yɔ ɖɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ, ɖɩwɛ Eerɔpʋ Lɔŋ-tasɩyaa ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɖɔɖɔ, G8 taa, G20 taa, OTAN ŋgbɛyɛ nɛ OCDE, OMC pa-taa nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ ONU taa ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1946.
Keziye

Sumasɩ sɔsɔsɩ nzɩ sɩwɛ kpeliŋ tɩyɛ yɔ, sɩ-taa nasɩyɛ payaɣ se keziye. Tɩŋ pe nɛ sumasɩ cikpesi keziye tɔkɩ nɛ ɛcakɩ wezuu. Sumasɩ nzɩ payaɣ se keziye waa yɔ sɩwɛ huwa ndɩ ndɩ taa. Sumasɩ sʋsɔsɩ nzɩ sɩwɛ kpeliŋ tɩyɛ yɔ, sɩwɛ sumasɩ nzɩ payaɣ se "Accipitridés" waa yɔ sɩ-pɩlɩʋ taa. Sumasɩ nzɩ, sɩ-taa lɛɛsɩ tatasɩ wɛʋ sɔnɔdaa.
Keɖe

Keɖe kɛna ɛyʊ nɔɔtaa mɔɔyɛ naɖɛyɛ. Mɔɔyɛ nɖɩ nɖɩ kɩlɩna ɖoŋ kɛ ɛyʊ yaa tɛtɛ kpɩna mɔɔ kpeekpe taa. Ɛyʊ nɔɔtaa kela ɖɔɔ nɛ acɔ ɛ-kɩnandʊ kpɛɛɛ nɛ pɩta. Keɖe hʊlʊmaa nɛ nabʊyʊ taa lɛ, ɖɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɖɩwɛɛ hʊlʊmɩŋ yɔɔ tɩyɛ kɛnɛ. 

Kela tosobi kusobu kɛ ɛyʊ yaa tɛtɛt kpɩnɛ nɔɔtaa yem. Hokasi nasɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ nzɩ sɩtamna keɖe nɛ kɩnandʊ kpam nɛ pɩñɔɔ cɩŋcɩŋ. Ɛyʊ nɔɔtaa kele wɛ tɔm naputozo taa: nɔɔyɔɔ kela wɛɛ nɛ akpenda litozo (8), naanza hayʊ nɛ naanza hadɛ, ɛyʊ woŋgu lɛ ana pɩlɛkɩɣ naʊ; a-cɔlɔ kpam lɛ, naanza wɛɛ nɛ awɛ lɔŋ nɛ awɛ cɔŋŋcɔŋŋ, nɛ awɛ paa kalaaʊ ŋgʊlɛ kɩcɔlɔ; a-wayɩ lɛ kalaaʊ taa kela ñɛwɛna nɛ alɛ kpɛnda nɛɛlɛ (20). Pʊtɔbʊʊ se ɛyʊ sɔtʊyʊ nɔɔtaa nɛ kela hiuwaa naatozo nɛ naalɛ (32). 

Pɛwɛ mbʊ lɛ, pɩtɛkɛ ɛyaa tɩŋga nɔsɩtaa awɛ 32, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, nabayɩ nɔsɩtaa wɛ kela lɛɛtɩŋ nɛ pɩ-tɛ ɛya mba, pɔ-nɔsɩtaa kela ɖɛ 32 yɔɔ. Pɩtɛkɛ ɛyaa yaa tɛtɛ kpɩna tɩŋga nɔsɩ taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ kela wɛɛ. Tɛtɛ kpɩna naayɛ nɔsɩ taa lɛ, kalaaŋ taa kela yeke wɛna. 

Kela wɛna wazaɣ sakɩyɛ kɛ ɛyʊ nɔɔtaa yaa ɛyʊ wezu cagʊ taa. Nɔɔ kela sɩŋna-ɩ nɛ tɔɔnasɩ nzɩ ɛcaɣ tɔɔʊ yɔ, ɛsɛtɩɣ-sɩ keɖekeɖe nɛ yee pɩɩsaŋ kɔyɔ, e-kela wena alɛ ñɛwɛ kalaaʊ taa kela cɔlɔ yɔ, alɛ kɛ ɛcɩyʊɣna. Pɩkazɩ nɛ kalaaʊ taa kelɑ yɔ, alɛ kɛ ɛnaŋgʊna tɔɔnasɩ nzɩ. Pɩwɛɛ mbʊ lɛ, kela tɔsɔɔlɩ se nabʊyʊ ɛcɩɩ a-yɔɔ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, ɖipɩz:ɩɣ nɛ ɖɩlɔɔtɩ yaa ɖɩpʊtʊsɩ.
Keɖeya ñɩzɩm (l'esthétique)

Keɖeya ñɩzɩm tɛ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se esthétique. Mbʊ pɩkɛ ɛstetiki wondu yɔ, pʊɖɔ sakɩyɛ. Lɛɣtʊ pɩlɩʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se filozofii yɔ, ke-piliŋa lɛɛka lɛ keɖeya ñɩzɩm tɛ. Keɖeya ñɩzɩm tɛ piliŋa cɔŋna wondu sakɩyɛ yɔɔ filozofii pɩlɩʊ taa. Piliŋa ŋga ka-taa ñɩnɩyaa cɔŋnana ɛzɩma mbʊ ɛyʊ naɣ yaa ɛyʊ cɔŋna kedeŋa cɔnaʊ mbʊ yɔ. Ɛstetiki piliŋa cɔŋnana nɛ kanaɣ ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ pʊwɛ kajʊka siŋŋ yaa mbʊ pʊwɛ ɖeu pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ yɔ.

Nesi tɛɛ tʊma ndɩ ndɩ taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɛstetiki piliŋa cɔŋnana nɛ kɔtɔzʊʊ wena akɩlɩ ɖeu kpem yɔ. Ɖooo kpaɖʊʊ XVII ñɩŋgʊ taa pakpaɣ ɛstetiki se kɩkɛ mbʊ piɖe siŋŋ yɔ pɩtɛ lɛɣtʊ piliŋa. Ɛstetiki lɛɣtʊ piliŋa kaɖɩɣna mbʊ payaɣ se nzʊlʊmɩyɛ yɔɔ leleŋ nɩʊ yɔ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ kpaɣ ɖooo kpaɖʊʊ XIX ñɩŋgʊ taa lɛ, ɛstetiki lɛɣtʊ piliŋa pɩsɩ nesi tɛɛ tʊma labʊ tɛ filozofii. Yee nesi tɛɛ tʊmlaɖʊ nɔɔyʊ ɛsaɣ sɩʊkpelaɣ nakɛyɛ nɛ ɛsɩɩ kɔyɔ, ɛyʊ cɔŋna-kɛ lɛ, peheyi-i natʊyʊ koko. Nesi tɛɛ tʊmlaɖʊ ɛɛsakɩ sɩʊ kpelaɣ nakɛyɛ yem nɛ kɛfɛyɩna tʊbʊʊ. Ɛsakɩ-kɛ pɩtɩŋna ɛ-lɩmaɣzɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ yɔɔ.

Nabʊyʊ taa kɔyɔ, nabʊyʊ ɛna samaɣ taa pɩtɛkɛdɩna-ɩ nɛ ɛsaɣ sɩʊ kpelaɣ nakɛyɛ nɛ pɩlɩɩna wɛtʊ ndʊ ɛnaa yɔ yɔ tɩ-yɔɔ. Nesi tɛɛ tʊmlaɖʊ pɩzɩɣ ɛna nabʊyʊ yaa ɛna natʊyʊ samaɣ taa nɛ pɩkɛdɩna-ɩ pɩŋŋ. Ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛsaɣ sɩʊ kpelaɣ nakɛyɛ nɛ pɩlɩɩna kɔ-yɔɔ lɛ, ɛyaa na yaa polosi ɛ-lɩmaɣza. Yee nesi tɛɛ tʊmlaɖʊ nɔɔyʊ ɛpɔzɩ Caabiyuu se ɛha-ɩ wezuu kɩɖaɣlʊ siŋŋ kɔyɔ, nabʊyʊ taa ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛsaɣ akpadɩyʊ koŋgo nɔɔyʊ sɩʊ kpelaɣ nɛ ɛsɩɩ ɛ-nɔnɔɔ taa. Ɛyʊ naɣ-kɛ lɛ, ɛpɩzɩɣ ekpe nesi tɛɛ tʊmlaɖʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-maɣzɩm.
Keɣsi yaʋ

**Keɣsi yaʋ wazɩɣ-ɖʋ we ?** Ɛyaa nabɛyɛ wɛɛ paanɩɣ keɣa tɔbʋʋ. Ɩmaɣzɩ ɛvalaa yɔɔ. Ɛvalaa kpaɣ ahoye yɔɔ nɛ pokoo lɛ keɣadʋ ɛfɛyɩ nɛ ɛkʋsɩ pa-nandʋ taa kɔyɔ, pɩɩsaŋ-wɛ paʋ. Mbʋ ɖɔɖɔ nɔɔyʋ wɛɛ lɛ, ɛñɩtɩɣ ɛnɩɩ keɣa taŋ lɛ, pɩwɛ ɛzɩ eyele wembu ɛlakaɣ yɔ nɛ ɛpaa. Ɖɩnɩɣ kpaagbaa mbʋ se keɣa taa wɛ leleŋ nɩɩyɩ. 

Keɣa leleŋ wɛ le ? Nabɛyɛ maɣzɩɣ se keɣa ɖɩyayɛ wɛʋ mbʋyɔ, tɔm yem pɔyɔɔdʋʋ. Tɩɣtɩɣyɛ taa, yee ŋtɛkpɛlɛkɩ keɣa yaʋ ŋŋpɩzɩɣ ŋkpa-kɛ nɛ ɖoŋ wiɖii. Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, yee ɛyaa naalɛ ɩya keɣa kʋɖʋmaɣ nɛ ŋwelesi-kɛ, ke-leleŋ tɛkpɛndɩ. Pʋtɔbʋʋ se keɣa sɔzɩŋ wɛ ka-kalɩyʋ cɔlɔ. Mbʋ ɖɔɖɔ ɖiheyiɣ-mɩ sɔnɔ se mɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɩkpɛlɛkɩ keɣsi kalʋʋ.

Ɛzɩna mbʋ ɖɩmaɣ kabɩyɛ kʋnʋŋ takayɩsɩ taa yɔ, mbʋ ɖɔɖɔ ɖɩmaɣ kabɩyɛ keɣsi. Ƞɖɔkʋʋ takayaɣ nɛ ŋkuli-kɛ lɛ, ŋkalɩɣ ka-taa matʋ se ŋnɩɩ tʋ-tɔbʋʋ. Keɣa tɔm nɛ tɩdɩ. Nyaɣ-kɛ se ŋnɩɩ ke-leleŋ. Nɔɔyʋ ɛwɛ ñɔ-cɔlɔ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ɛnɩɩ ke-leleŋ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se ɛyʋ ɛɛyaɣ keɣa e-liu tɛɛ. Yee ŋna keɣa takayaɣ taa, kaɣzɩ ñe-liu tɛɛ, ŋñɩnɩ nɔɔ kɩbaŋga nɛ ŋkalɩ-kɛ ñɔ-nɔɔ kʋyɩ. 

Ɖɩkalɩyɛ taa peeɖe lɛ, ŋsɩma ɖenɖe ñɔ-nɔɔ kʋyʋʋ ñaba nɛ ɖenɖe ñɔnɔɔ tiki fɛfɛ yɔ ; ŋsɩma ɖenɖe ŋkalɩɣ lɛɛlɛɛ nɛ ɖenɖe ŋkalɩɣ tɛmmm yɔ. Yee ŋɖɔŋ paɣtʋ tʋnɛ tʋ-yɔɔ kɔyɔ, ŋkaɣ keɣsi yaʋ camɩyɛ. Mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, keɣa mayʋ maɣza pɩt-ɩŋgɛ payɩ mbʋyɔ pʋ-yɔɔ.
Kigaalii

Kigaalii kɛna Ruwandaa ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊsɔtʊ nɛ ndʊ tɩ-taa komina tʊma sɔsɔna kɩla wɛʊ yɔ. Peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɔsʊʊ kɩla ɖɔʊ sɩŋŋŋ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ piyisi nasɩyɛ yɔɔ nɛ pakali ti-ɛyaa kɛ hasɩ yaɖɛ 2011 lɛ pɛkpɛnda ɛyaa 1 052 540. Kigaalii tɛtʊ walanzɩ landammm taa maɣna ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 730 yaa ɛkɩtarɩwaa 73 000. 

Ɛzɩ Ruwanda ɛjaɖɛ kpeekp taa tɛtʊ lɛɛtʊ hɩla yɔ, Kigaalii tɛtʊ taa piyisi nzɩ sɩwɛ yɔ payaɣ-sɩ hɩla ndɩ ndɩ wena yɔ, pɩlɩɣna tʊma sɔsana wena awɛ sɩ-yɔɔ yaa sɩ-cɔlɔ kpɛɛɛ yɔ. Payaɣ mbʊ pɩsɩna ɛyaa nɛ patɩlɩ tʊma ana camɩyɛ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɩtɛkɛ ɛyaa tɩŋga sɩmna haba hɩla yaa tʊma tɩŋga taa. 

Kigaalii tɛtʊ nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ kpɛndɩɣ nɛ tɩlakɩ tʊma kʊɖʊma nɛ a-taa kɔyɔ: Kebɛkɩ (Kanadaa), Montireyali (Kanadaa), Roma (Itaalii), Prukisɛlɩ (Pɛlɩziki) Mayansɩ (Caama), Sɛŋgdʊ nɛ Sinaŋ (Siini). Payaɣ Kigali tɛtʊ yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ se Fidele Ndayisaba.
Kinee-Konakrii

Kinee-Konakrii (Guinée-Conakry)
Payaɣ se Kinee-Konakrii yɔ pacaɣ se paɖʊ tʊkaɣ kɛ Kiinee-Piisoo nɛ Kiinee-Ekʊwatɩralɩ pɛhɛkʊ taa. Pɩkɛna Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Kinee-Konakrii tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ ɖɔdɔ se Kinee-Konakrii. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ caaʊ kɛ Fransɩ nesi tɛɛ kɛ ɖooo aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ naalɛ ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1958. Ajɛya looɖo cɔna; Kinee-Konakrii nɛ ata, nɛ ana-yɔ: Kiinee-Piisoo; Senegaalɩ; Maalii; Kootidiivʊwaarɩ; Liiberiya; Siyera-Leyɔɔnɩ nɛ Atɩlantiki lɩŋgamʊʊ. 

Kiinee-Pɩsaʊ taa pɔsɩ ɖɔwa nɛ sɩtala ɛzɩ 1300 kɛ mbʊ yɔ. Afrika kpeekpe taa lɛ, pɩwɛ ɛzɩ peeɖe lɩm lɩʊna yɔ mbʊ pɩyɔɔ yɔ ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ Niizɛrɩ pɔɔ yɔ yaa Senegaalɩ ñɩŋga yɑa ɖɔɖɔ Kaambii ñɩŋga kɔyɔ peeɖe sɩlɩɣna. Pɔsɩ nzɩ sɩlɩɣna Kinee-Konakrii pʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Fʊʊta-Jalɔŋ yɔ kɩ-tɛɛ.

Fʊʊtaa-Jalɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩhaɣ kɩ-lɩm yɔɔ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛna laatiɖiki mɩŋ kɛ ɖɩ-ɛjaɖɛ kamaɣ fɛyɩ. Lɩŋgamʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Kɔnkʊʊɖe nɛ kɩwɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se Maamʊ yɔ, yaa Kindiya nɛ Koonakiri yɔ, pɩkɛna Kinee-konakrii komina kɛ tʊmɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ nɛ kɩñakɩ pana se pɩwɛ ɛzɩma yɔ pama lɩŋgamɩŋ pɩɖɔɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1992 lɛ pama lɩŋgamʊʊ nakʊyʊ nɛ pɩwayɩ yɔ pama lɛɛŋ ɛzɩ Kaleta yɔ nɛ halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ komina ɖɩɩna Sʊwapiti ñɩŋgʊ maʊ.

## Galerie

File:Guinea sat.png|atlas Guinea
File:Dame de Mali Guinée.jpg|Dame de Mali
File:Chute de Tabouna à Kindia 01.jpg|Chute de Tabouna à Kindia
File:Chute de Saala vue à 360° Labé.jpg|Chute de Saala Labé
File:Chimpanzé de Bossou 33.jpg|Chimpanzé de Bossou
File:Plage de Roume.jpg|Plage sur les Ile de Loos
Kilimanjaroo pʋʋ

Kilimanjaroo pʋʋ wɛ Tanzani ɛjaɖɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hayi kiŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Mbʋ payaɣ se "Fɔlɩkanɩ" yɔ pɩlabɩ peeye hɔɔlʋʋ taa tam naadozo nɛ pɩla pʋʋ ŋ́gʋ. Kɔɔnaɣ n̄ɩŋgʋ laba wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa nɛ pɩkʋyɩ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ mɛtɛnaa 3 962 yɔ. Payaɣ-kʋ se "Sira". Kɩlɛlʋʋ n̄ala wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa nɛ kʋkʋ kʋyɩ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ mɛtɛnaa 5 149 yɔ. Payaɣ-kʋ se "Mawɛnzii". 

Tozo n̄ɩŋgʋ n̄ala naalɛ mba paba tɛmɩ labʋ yɔ pɛ-hɛkʋ taa. Tozo n̄ɩgʋ kʋnɛ kɩkɩlɩna kʋyʋʋ. Kʋkʋyɩ ɛzɩ mɛtɛnaa 5 891 yɔ. Payaɣ-kʋ se "kiboo". Ŋgʋ kɩlɩna kʋyʋʋ Afrɩka tɛtʋ kpeekpe taa. Ɖooo lɛ, tɛʋ nɩwaɣ nɛ ɖɔmpe sɔsɔna pʋʋ ŋgʋ kʋ-yɔɔ, lɛɛlɛɛyɔ tɩŋ keɖuu yem yem yeba nɛ tɛʋ ɛɛtazɩɣ kɩlʋʋ nɩʋ pʋʋ peeye. Wɩsɩ n̄akɩlɩɣ n̄aɣʋ nɛ tɛtʋ tɛzɩɣ miŋ saɣʋ. Piyebina ɖɔɖɔ nɛ tɛʋ ɛɛtasɩɣ nɩʋ nɛ ɖɔmpe sɔsɔna pʋɖɔɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1973 taa pɔcɔza laʋ nakʋyʋ peeye nɛ paatazɩɣ kɩ-taa tɩŋ keɖuu. Pɩwazɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ awayɩ kpɩna cakɩ kɩ-taa kaalɛyɩtʋ. Ɛlɛ, paa mbʋ yɔ, tɛʋ ɛɛtazɩɣ nɩʋ nɛ ɖɔmpe sɔsɔna ɛzɩ ɖooo lɛ yɔ.

=Ɖenɖe tɔmpiye «kilimanjaaroo» lɩnaa yɔ=
=Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa kɩwɛɛ yɔ=
## Ɛzɩma kɩwɛɛ
## Ɛzɩma palɩzɩ-kʊ yɔ
## Lɛɣtʊ ndʊ tɩ̃nɩnɩɣ nɛ tɩnaɣ ɛzɩma mbʊ tɛtɛɛ lɩm wɛɛ yɔ
## Ʒɩma pɩtɩŋaa nɛ kɩwɛɛ yɔ
### Ɛzɩma kɩ-yɔɔ wɛɛ yɔ
### Ɛzɩma pɩtɩŋaa nɛ kɩwɛɛ yɔ
### Ɛzɩma mbʊ kɩ-tɛtʊ wɛɛ yɔ
## Ki-soŋaɣt
### Ɛzɩma mbʊ ki-soŋaɣ kɛwɛ ɖoo lɔŋ yɔ
### Ɛzɩma mbʊ ki-soŋaɣ wɛ lɛɛlɛyɔ
#### Tɛŋ nɩʊ nɩʊ mbʊ yɔ
#### Pɩlɛɣzɩɣ lɛɛzʊʊ mbʊ evemiye taa yɔ
#### Ki-soŋaɣ lɛɣzɩɣ lɛɛzʊ mbʊ lʊŋʊyɛ nɛ yolim yɔ
## Kɩ-laŋ nɛ ɛ-taa kpɩna
### Kɩ-kadasɩ
### Kʊ-̃nʊʊ yɔɔ kʊyɩ kʊyʊʊ mbʊ yɔ
### Mbʊ payaɣ se alɩpʊ (alpe) yɔ pɩ-kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ
### Kɩ-ɖɔmpe kʊkʊyɩmɩŋ
=Kɩ-tɔm=
## Ɛyaa hukuu huuu mbʊ nɛ pɩɖɛʊna ɛsɩndaa ɖɛnaʊ yɔɔ yɔ
## Ɛzɩma palɩ kɩ-yɔ nɛ ɛzɩma palakɩ-kʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ siŋŋ yɔ
## Pacalʊʊ kɩ-yɔɔ kpaʊ yɔ
## Ɛsɔ nʊmɔʊ aŋgba tʊma
## Paa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ̃nɩnʊʊ se ɖɩwaa kɩ-yɔɔ yɔ
=Samaɣ ̃nʊʊ nɛ ndʊ pɔyɔɔdɩ kɩ-yɔɔ ɖooo caanaʊ yɔ=
## Ɛzɩma mbʊ pɛtɛyɩ ɛyaa yɔ
## Kʊnʊmɩŋ ̃nɩnʊʊ nɛ ɛ-tɩlʊʊ tʊma
## Kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ
## Ndʊ tɩ-yɔɔ ɛyaa tisuu yɔ nɛ sɔnzɩ nzɩ palakɩ yɔ
## Kuduyiŋ weyi pasʊʊ ɛ-tɛɛ nɛ caanaʊ haɖaʊ
=Tʊma ndɩ ndɩ=
## Ɛzɩma mbʊ pakandɩyʊʊ kɩ-yɔɔ yɔ
## Pɔɖɔŋʊʊ nʊmɔʊ kɩɖaɣlʊʊ nɛ powoki pakpaɣ kɩ-yɔɔ yɔ
### Nʊmɔʊ kɩɖaɣlɩŋ
### Kɩmʊ nimiye
### Kɩ-yɔɔ kpaʊ
### Kɩ-yɔɔ mɛlʊʊ
=Mbʊ kɩkɛ paa sɔnzɩ nzɩ sɩ-taa yɔ=
=Takayɩsɩ lɛɛsɩ=
## Tɔm lɛɛtʊ
## Takayɩsɩ nzɩ sɩyɔɔdʊʊ kɩ-tɔm yɔ
## Awayɩ kpasɩs
## Takayɩhayʊʊ tɛɛ tɔm nɛ ɖenɖe panaɣ-tʊ yɔ
Kinsasa

Kinsasa kɛna Kɔŋgo ŋgʊ payaɣ-kʊ se RDC yɔ kɩ-tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ. Ɖooo ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 1881 nɛ 1966 taa lɛ, payawaɣ tɛtʊ ndʊ se Leopolidvili pɔcɔ pʊwayɩ payaɣ-tʊ se RDC. Pɩnaɣ 2016 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊ lɛ ɛyaa mba panaa yɔ pɛkpɛnda ɛyaa miliyɔnaa 12 071 000. Tɛʈu tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ landammm taa maɣna kilomɛtanaa 9 965. Afrika ajɛya tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ kpeekpe taa lɛKɛɛrɩ nɛ Legɔsɩ tɛtʊ wayɩ lɛ, Kinsasa tɛtʊ taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ.

Keteŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ, tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ. Kinsasa tɛtʊ wɛ pɔɔ ŋga payaɣ-kɛ se kɔŋgo yɔ kɩ-hadɛ kiŋ piyele kɩha ɛsa nɛ Kɔŋgo Pirazavili. Tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ tʊnɛ ɖooo lɛ mba paalɛɣ caɣʊ peeɖe yɔ paakɛ Pantu mbaa; payaɣa-wɛ Teke nɛ Humbu waa. Pɩkɔma pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ XVIII nɛ XIX taa lɛ Kinsasa kaakɛna ɖenɖe tadɩyɛ ɖɔŋgaɣ camɩyɛ kpem yɔ. 

Pɩnaɣ 1881 taa kɛ ñɩnɩyʊ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Henry Morton Stanley yɔ ɛya Kinsasa tɛtʊ se Leopold tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ. Ɛya-tʊ mbʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛcaɣa se ɛɖʊmna hɩɖɛ kɛ Pɛlɩzɩ kewiya ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Léopold Naalɛtʊ yɔ. Kɔŋgo ɛjaɖɛ taa payɩ lɛ, Kinsasa taa kɛ tʊma ndɩ ndɩ wɛɛ: tɔsʊʊ nɛ ɛsɩnda wobu wɛ, tadɩyɛ, sukulinaa sɔsaa nɛ sukulinaa kɩtɛzʊ, sɔɔjanaa pɩlɩʊ wɛ ɖɔɖɔ. 

Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1920 taa lɛ Kinsasa tɛtʊ taa ɛyaa kaawɛ cabɩ yem nɛ paamaɣna ɛyaa 1 600 nɛ pɩnaɣ1950 lɛ patalɩ ɛyaa 202 000, piyele pɩnaɣ1960 lɛ paawɛ 4443 000; pɩnzɩ 1970 taa kɛ peeɖe ɛyaa talɩ miliyɔɔ nɛ paawɛ 1 070 000; pɩnaɣ 2000 taa lɛ pakalɩ ɛyaa lɛ pɛkpɛnda 5 414 000 nɛ pɩnaɣ 2010 taa lɛ pɛwɛ 8 415 000. 

Kinsasa tɛtʊ nɛ ajɛya naayɛ taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ kpɛndɩɣ nɛ tɩlakɩ tʊma kʊɖʊma nɛ a-taa kɔyɔ: Pirazavili (Kɔŋgo), Prukisɛɛlɩ (Pɛliziki), Taakarɩ (Senegaalɩ), Teeraŋ (Iranɩ), Utirɛstɩ (Peyibaa). Payaɣ Kinsasa tɛtʊ yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ se André Kimbuta Yango.
Kitaari

Kitaari kɛna minziiki wonuu ŋgʋ palabɩ-kʋ nɛ nimasi yɔ. Nimasi ńzɩ, palaba-sɩ nɛ sɩkpɩtɩna ɖama. Sɩwɛ ɖalakɩŋ yɔɔ nɛ sɩwɛɛ kandɩmaŋgandɩ tɩyɛ. Sɩwɛ sɩ-mabʋ kpata yɔɔ ɖama taa kɛ tisuu weŋgalaɣ kpɛlɛkɩyaa tɩyɛ ɖɩɖɔkɩyɛ taa. Wɛɛ taa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ size pɛsɛtɩ-wɛ fɩrɛtɩ tɩyɛ.

Pɔ-yɔɔ peeɖe pan̄ɩkɩɣna nee nimaɣ yɔɔ nɛ nee nɛ pɩcɛlɩɣ witu ndɩ ndɩ. Nesi lɛɛsɩ kpɩtɩɣna nimasɩ nɛ pɩcɛlɩɣ witu. Cɩkpaŋ pakpɩtɩɣna nimasɩ nzɩ. Kitaari waa mba pakɩlɩ tɔyʋʋ yɔ, pɛwɛna nimasɩ loɖo.

Kitaari kɛna anasaayɩwaa ɛjaɖɛ tɛ nsʋlɩmɩyɛ taa lɩzɩtʋ ndʋ tɩkɩla tɔyʋʋ yɔ minziiki tʋma wondu hɔɔlʋʋ taa.

Kitaari kʋnɛ, kɩ-tʋkaɣ nɛ minziiki wondu lɛɛtʋ ndʋ tɩ-wɛtʋ wɛ mbʋ yɔ tɩtaa natʋyʋ kɔyɔ: balalaïka, nɛ bouzouki, nɛ charango, nɛ luth, nɛ mandoline, nɛ oud, nɛ théorbe, nɛ pɩtasɩna ukulele nɛ ɛ-wɛɖʋ, nɛ nabʋlɛ taa lɛ nimaɣ wena wena palʋ n̄ɛ kitaari taa awɛ ndɩ ndɩ.  

Kitaari waa wɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Pa-taa nabɛyɛ hɩla yɔ : viola, violão, cavaco nɛ cavaquinho (Piresviili), nɛ tiple, nɛ requinto (Amerika taa nɛ Ɛsɩpaan̄ɩ taa). Kitaari waa wɛ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩɩna pɛ-tɛ ambitus yɔɔ nɛ pɛ-tɛ suye tɔnɛ yɔɔ.
Kiŋ Kewiyaɣ Kɩɖɛzaɣ

Kiŋ kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ (paɖanɩɣ-ɖɩ maʊ se Ch'ing yaa Siŋ kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ yaa Ciŋ kewiyaaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ, Siini kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, 清朝, Pinyin taa lɛ, qīng cháo, Wade taa lɛ, Ch'ing ch'ao, mandchou kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, Daicing gurun, mongol kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, Манж Чин Улс, kɩ-tɛ nɛ mandchoue tɛ), kɩkɛ kpaagba kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa kpaɣna pɩnaɣ 1644 ŋtalɩ 1912. Kɛlɛza wayi wayi Han kewiyaɣ nɛ Miŋ kewiyaɣ. Potula you nɛ Miŋ ɛyaa pɩnaɣ 1644 pazɩtʊ caca mbʊ lɛ, pamʊ kewiyaɣ ɖɛfɛɛ ɖɛfɛɛ Siini kpeekpe taa. Pamʊ Peekɛɛ tɛtʊ pɩnaɣ 1644 nɛ pasɩ politiki kewiyaɣ kɩfalaɣ, Kiŋ Sɔsɔ Ampiiri nɛ Siini wɛ pe-kewiyaɣ nesi tɛɛ.
  
Kpaɣɖʊ 19 hɛkʊ alɩwaatʊ naalɛ ndʊ taa, Kiŋ Ampiiri tɔla, ɛlɛ, pɩlɩna ɖama hɛkɩŋ taa yoŋ pɩtɩŋna ajɛyɛ lɛɛna tɛ seɣee waa yɔɔ nɛ pɩtɛmna se Xinhai waa tɛ kpɛlɩ lɛɛzɩɣ tuza pe-kewiyaɣ nɛ piyele Siini ɛjaɖɛ pɩsɩ mbʊ ɖɩsɩna-ɖɩ sɔnɔ yɔɔ. Kiŋ kewiyaɣ tɛma lɛɣla fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 12 ŋgʊ wiye pɩnaɣ 1912 taa, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ pɩ-wiyaʊ kpaagba ñɩnʊ kiza kewiyaɣ, mbʊ lɛ, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ loɖo.

Kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ kaañɔɔ ɛlɛ, pɩtɛkɛ Siini ɛyaa mba payaɣ-wɛ se Han waa yɔ tɩna kɛ-tɛ kiɖe. Ɛyaa mba pakɩlɩ ɖɔʊ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛlɛ, mandchous ɛyaa mba pɔdɔɖɔɔ halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ ɖa-evema ana a-taa yɔ mba tɩna ke-kiɖe. Mandchous ɛyaa kɛ Jurchens (女真) liɖe taa ɛyaa, pɩkɛ toungouse ɛyaa mba paawɛ egeetiye ndɩ ɖɩ-taa wɛ nɔnɔ kɛ Ruusi ɛjaɖɛ hɔɔlʊʊ tɛ ɛyaa tɛ nɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Heilongjiang yɔ kɩ-taa.

Nurhaci kaakɛ cejewiye cikpeɖe naɖɩyɛ tɛ wiyaʊ ndɩ Jurchen kɛ Jianzhou taa, kpaɣɖʊ 12 paɣzɩtʊ alɩwaatʊ. Vassal kiŋgi kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ tɛ, nɛ ehiɣ tɔm kpaɣna pɩnaɣ 1582 taa nɛ mandchou cejewaɣ ndɩ ndɩ. Sɔɔjana yoŋ kɛ ɛyaa mba pɛ-hɛkɩŋ taa pɩsɩ kpɛlɩ ɛjaaɖɛ tɩŋga you, nɛ pʊpɔzʊʊ se pɛkpɛndɩ Jurchen nɛ Jianzhou cejewaɣ. Pɩnaɣ 1616 pazɩtʊ taa ca lɛ, Nurhaci kaawɛna kewiyaɣ ɖoŋ sakɩyɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa mbʊ lɛ, ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛ-yaa ɛ-tɩ se Jin Sɔsɔʊ ñʊʊ tʊ ɛlɛ, ɛtɩɣzɩna Jurchen kɩbɩnʊʊ kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ.  

Pɩnaɣ 1635, Huang Taiji kpaɣ Mandchou hɩɖɛ nɛ kɩ-tɛ maʊ kpata nɛ ɛ-yaa na Jurchen samaɣ tɩŋga. Pɩnaɣ 1636 taa lɛ, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Ejéi khan, Ligdan Khan, mongol sɔsɔʊ ñʊʊtʊ weyi ɛsɩba pɩteleɖi yɔ pɩyalʊ cɛlɛ-ɩ Yuan kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ kɩɖaʊ ɖoŋ yɔ, Huang Taiji kpaɣ mandchou se Ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɛ-yaa-ɖɩ se Kiŋ Sɔsɔʊ, eyele Khan hɩɖɛ, wiyaʊ sɔsɔ tɛ ñɩnɖɛ.
Kiɖe

Kiɖe kɛna matʋ sɔsɔtʋ natʋyʋ siŋŋ wonuu. Tɔm piye kiɖe kɛ tɔm piye nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɔbʋʋ wɩlɩʋ ɛzɩ puhuzuu kuduyuu kolaɣ taa yɔɔ yaa kuduyuu n̄ʋʋ taa yɔ. Pɛtɛŋ lɔbʋ kuduyuu ŋgʋ nɛ ŋna kɔyɔ, ŋnaɣ size kʋ-lɔbʋtʋ taa peeɖe wɛ kuluŋgulu.

Kuduyuu ŋgʋ, kʋ-n̄ʋʋ taa peeɖe wɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ payaʋ nɛ fransɩɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "elliptique" yaa "polygonal" yɔ. Pɔlɔkɩ nɛ pɩtɛ lɛ, pahʋzɩ pazɩ pazɩ nɛ mbʋ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "lanternon" yɔ. Pɩ-tɛ wɛtʋ taa wɛ ɛzɩ keɣye yɔ. Kiɖe kɛ ɖɔɖɔ naŋ kuduyuu sɔsɔʋ siŋŋ kɛ Ɛsɔ kɩlaŋ layaa cɔlɔ.

Pɩɩkɛ kuduyuu ŋgʋ, kɩkɛ pʋyʋ siŋŋ kɛ krɩstʋ mba hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Kuduyuŋ ɛnɛ, ɛwɛ ajɛɛ anɛ a-taa : Itaali, nɛ Caama ajɛɛ taa. Kuduyuŋ matʋ sɔsɔtʋ tʋnɛ, tɩkpa ɖoŋ siŋŋ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Room tɛ Panteyɔɔ yɔ ɖɩ-tɛ ɛsakuliye hɔɔlʋʋ taa.

Kajalaɣ kiɖe matʋ sɔsɔtʋ kɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ ɛjaɖɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa, kaakɛna ɖajaa sɔsɔ Filippo Brunelleschi ɖoŋ taa pɩnaɣ 1436 n̄ɩŋga taa. Ɖajaa sɔsɔ Florence tɛ ti-kiɖe ɖɔɖɔ kaakɛ kajalaɣ nɖɩ naɖɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɖajaa sɔsɔ Louis XV n̄azɩtʋ yaa waɖɛ haʋ alɩwaatʋ taa kɛ pama Paarii tɛ Panteyɔɔ.
Kiɖi kiɖi wonuu (accélération)

Lɛɣtʊ piliŋa nakɛyɛ wɛɛ nɛ payaɣ-kɛ se tomnasɩ ɖɔnɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ (physique) piliŋa. Wonuu nakʊyʊ ɛɖɔŋ yaa kiciidiɣ yaa kiseɣ yɔ, nabʊyʊ pɩzɩɣ piyele nɛ mbʊ piciidiɣ yɔ, piciidi ɖoŋ nɛ pɩkɩlɩ. Yee wonuu ŋgʊ, kiseɣ kiseu kɔyɔ, pʊyʊ mbʊ pɩlakɩ nɛ wonuu ŋgʊ kiseɣ lɔŋ nɛ pɩkɩlɩ. Yee pʊyʊ mbʊ pʊɖɔŋ kʊɖɔm kɔyɔ, nabʊyʊ mbʊ pɩlakɩ nɛ mbʊ pʊɖɔŋ mbʊ yɔ, pʊɖɔ lɔŋ nɛ pɩkɩlɩ.

Mbʊ pɩlakɩ nɛ ɖɔnɛ yaa ciiduu yaa saa lɛɣzɩɣ mbʊ yɔ payaɣ se kpede kpede wonuu yaa kiɖi kiɖi wonuu (accélération). Kiɖi kiɖi wonuu yaa kpede kpede wonuu ŋgʊ, kɩkɛ lɛɣtʊ piliŋa ŋga payaɣ se tomnasɩ ɖɔnɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ yɔ pɩ-pɩyʊ sɔsɔ.

Payaɣ kiɖi kiɖi wonuu yaa kpede kpede wonuu nɛ fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se «vecteur accélération». Palakɩ kiɖi kiɖi wonuu nɛ silimaɣ tʊmɩyɛ taa. Silimaɣ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa lɛ, kpede kpede wonuu lakɩna nɛ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm waa ɖɛɣ lɔŋlɔŋ.

Ɛyaa yɔɔdʊʊ se mbʊ pɩlakɩ nɛ wonuu nakʊyʊ ɖɔŋ lɔŋ yaa seɣ lɔŋ yaa kiciidiɣ lɔŋlɔŋ yɔ pi-koyinduu lɛ mbʊ pʊbʊ ñalakɩ nɛ wonuu ɖɔŋ hɛɛɛ yaa seɣ hɛɛɛ yaa ciidiɣ hɛɛɛ yɔ.
Kolaɣ (Arche)

Kolaɣ kɛ wonu ŋgʋ kɩwɛ matʋ sɔsɔtʋ tɩyɛ yɔ, nɛ, kɛwɛ konɖaŋ kɛ tɔʋ tɩyɛ. Tɔʋ kɛ ɖaʋ kikotuu nakʋyʋn ŋgʋ patama kʋ nimiye cenje taa hayuu nɛ hadɛ yɔ. Nimiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-yɔɔ paɖʋ tɔʋ n̄ɩmɩyɛ nɛ pɔhɔŋ nɛ peyelee lɛ n̄ɩɣyɛ n̄alɩ fɩɩŋ nɛ ɖɩɖɛ ɛzɩ,pɔlɔʋ kaʋ yɔ.

 
Kolaɣ kɛna matʋ sɔsɔtʋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa kɛ, pɩyʋ keem. Kolaɣ huu lɩna ajɛɛ sakɩyɛ taa. Ajɛɛ wena a-taa kolaɣ tʋmɩyɛ ɖɔɔ siŋŋ nɛ kolasɩ ɖɔɔ yɔ hɩla yɔ : Mésopotamie tɛ ɛjaɖɛ, nɛ Assyrie tɛ n̄ɩnɖɛ, nɛ Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ nɛ pɩtasɩna Étrurie n̄ɩnɖɛ.

 
Kajalaɣ taa lɛ, kondolokonaa tɛɛ palakaɣna kolaɣ ŋga. Pɩkɔɔ lɛ, papazɩ kɛ labɩnaʋ ɖɔɖɔ kɛ kuduyuŋ nɔnɔsɩ ɖʋʋ ɖeɖe, nɛ futuɖu ɛzɩ payaʋ size mɔndoɖe yɔ hɔɔlʋʋ taa ɖɔɖɔ. Kolaɣ pɩsa lɛɛlɛɛ yɔ alɩwaatʋ tʋnɛ tɩ-taa kɛ lɛɣtʋ fefere wazaɣ n̄ɩndʋ siŋŋ.

Kolaɣ sɩʋna siŋŋ kɛ kuduyuŋ matʋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Ɛzɩ-ɩ payaɣʋ kpaŋ yɔ. Kuduyuŋ matʋ kɩfatʋ lɛɛtʋ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Pʋtɔpɔzɩ size, piyidi ɖʋ tɔʋ (arc) nɛ mbʋ payaɣna fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "voûte" yɔ. Tɔʋ haɣ nʋmɔʋ kɛ nɔnɔsɩ nɛ mɔndola nɛ "voûte" n̄azɩna nɛ pɔlɔkɩ cɔɔcɩnaa nɛ kpamɩŋ nɛ kuduyuŋ sɔsɔŋ lɛɛŋ sakɩyɛ.
Kinee-Pɩsaʊ

Kinee-Pɩsaʊ kɛna Afrika nɛ wisɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ɖɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Pɩsaʊ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ Afrika tɔsʊʊ hʊʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se CEDEAO yɔ ɖɩ-taa. Kinee-Pɩsaʊ ɛjaɖɛ wɛ Atilantiki teŋʊ cɔlɔ. Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa nɛ kpaɣ ɖɔɖɔ hadɛ  kiŋ lɛ Kinee-Konakrii ɛjaɖɛ wɛna; hayi kiŋ lɛ Senegaalɩ ɛjaɖɛ pɩzɩnaa. Kinee-Pɩsaʊ ɛjaɖɛ walanzɩ taa maɣna ɛzɩ 36 120 km2 yɔ nɛ tɛtʊ maɣmaɣ lɛ 28 000 km2  piyele pɩkazʊ 8120 km2 lɩm ɖeke wena. Pɩkazɩ pazɩ yem se pɩtalɩ Pɛlɩziki.  

Ɖooo pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ hiu nɛ naatozo taa lɛ Mandɛŋgɩ kaawɛna ɖɔŋ sɩŋŋŋ nɛ kɩkpayʊ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ. Pɩwayɩ fayɩɩɩ kɛ Poritikalɩ-tʊ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Nuno Tristão, ɛfɛyɩ naŋgbankaɣ kɛ peeɖepɩnaɣ 1446 ɛlɛ pataha-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ alɩwaatʊ nɛ pacaŋ nɛ pakʊ-ɩ kpaagbaa. Paa nɛ mbʊ yɔ pɩnzɩ 1879 taa mbʊ lɛ, Pɔrɩtiikalɩ paza ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ kpacayʊ.

Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Kiinee-Piisoo nɛ Kapɩfɛɛrɩ taa sɔɔjana paza you nɛ pañɩnɩɣ kpem se pawɛɛ pa-tɩ yɔɔ lɛ, Pɔritigalɩ mba se-peeɖe pɩnaɣ 1974. Ɛlɛ you laba sɩŋŋŋ nɛ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ hiu nɛ naalɛ mbʊ yɔ nɛ pɩnaɣ 1973 lɛ keteŋga kpeekpe ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se ONU yɔ, kɩha Kiine-Pisaʊ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ caʊʊ.

Pɩnaɣ 2003 taa pɔtɔ hɔzʊʊ kɛ peeɖe ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ yɔɔ nɛ pɩkɔma pɩsɩŋ lɛ pɔtɔ caca nɛ palɩzɩ pa-paɣtʊ ñʊndɩnaa nɛ pɩnaɣ 2005 tɛ hasɩ yaɖɛ kɩyakʊ nɛɛlɛ nɛ naanza lɛ paɖaɣnɩ caca lɛɛkʊ tɔʊ nɛ palɩzɩ pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ. Lakiŋ fenaɣ kacalaɣ wiye kɛ pɩnaɣ 2009 kɛ pakʊ sɔɔja sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ se Zeneralɩ Tagmé Na Waié yɔ. Kpaagba mbʊ lɛ sɔɔjana cɔna se peeɖe ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ João Bernardo Vieira tɔmna se pɩla mbʊ. Kifema kpaagbaa lɛ sɔɔjanaa ñakpaɣ hɔzɩŋ nɛ pakʊ ñʊʊdʊ ɛnʊ.

Ɛyaa panɛ, João Bernardo Vieira nɛ João Bernardo Vieira pa-sɩm lɛ, paapɩɩla ɛzɩma yɔ, pɩkɛna Kolombii tabakʊʊyaɣ pɛtɩya tɩna-tʊ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ  pɩnaɣ 2008 taa kɛ paawɛɛ pahʊna tɔm kɛ sɔɔja sɔsɔ José Américo Bubo Na Tchuto weyi ɛcɔŋna lɩm taa sɔɔjanaa yɔɔ yɔ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɩwɛ ɛzɩ ehuuzaɣ tabakʊyaɣ mba yɔɔ yɔ. Pɩkɔma  nɛ pɩtalɩ lakiŋ fenaɣ 2013 lɛ, pakpa sɔɔja José Américo Bubo Na Tchuto ɛnʊ nɛ powona-ɩ Etaazunɩ tɛtʊ taa mbʊ yɔɔ toovenim taa lɛ ɛpɛdɩɣ taba kʊʊyaɣ.
Koliisee

Koliisee kɛna samaɣ kuduyuu sʋsɔʋ aleɣya ɖɩlaɖɛ. Kuduyuu ŋgʋ paya-kʋ se tendema kpaŋ sʋsɔʋ ovoyidi. Kɩwɛna Room ɛjaɖɛ hɛkʋʋ nɛ hɛkʋʋ tɛtʋ taa kiŋ nɛ, Esquilin nɛ Cælius pa-ɛjɛɛ hɛkʋʋ nɛ hɛkʋʋ. Kuduyuu kʋnɛ yɔ, kɩpaɣlɩ siŋŋ ɛzɩma yɔ, wiɖiye patana pana matʋ ndʋ ɖoli. Patana ta mayaa matʋ sʋsɔtʋ ndʋ Room mba tɛ peɖe.

Papaɣza kʋʋ maʋ pɩnaɣ hiŋ lʋbɛ (70) nɛ pɩnaɣ hiŋ lʋbɛ nɛ naalɛ (72) pɛ-hɛkʋʋ taa Yeesu Kɩrɩstʋ lʋlʋʋ wayɩ. Alɩwaatɩ ndʋ tɩ-taa lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ kewiya lone taa caɣyʋʋ wiyau sʋsɔ kaakɛ Vespasien. Nɛ ɛnʋ kaahana nɔɔ nɛ pabaazɩ matʋ sʋsɔtʋ tʋmɩyɛ ɖɩnɛ.

Ɖɩɖɔkɩ ɖɔɖɔ size kuduyuu sʋsɔʋ Koliisee kʋnɛ yɔ, maya kɩmatʋ tɛŋga pɩnaɣ hiŋ lutozo wayɩ wiyau sʋsɔ Titus ɖoŋ taa. Ɛnʋ kaalɛɣzana wiyau sʋsɔ kɩbɩnʋ Vespasien kewiya kpelaɣ yɔɔ.

Kuduyuu sʋsɔʋ kʋnɛ, kɩ-pɩzʋʋ kɩ-mʋ kɩ-taa samaɣ ŋga yɔ, ka-talɩɣ kudokiŋ hiŋ lʋbɛ nɛ kagbanzɩ-ɩ mbɩ yɔ.
 

Kuduyuu sʋsɔʋ Koliisee kʋnɛ, kɩ-waza ɖɔɔ siŋŋ. Kuduyuu ŋgʋ kɩ-tɛɛ palakɩ aleɣya sakɩyɛ. Nɛ kuduyuu ŋgʋ kɩ-tɛɛ aleɣya naɣyɛ kɔyɔ: tɛtɛ kpɩna you, nɛ gladiayatɛɖɩ waa you, nɛ pɩtasɩna egeetiye taa aleɣya sʋsɔna lɛɣna sakɩyɛ.

Ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ, mba pahʋʋ pɔtɔm nɛ pɩwɛɛ size pamʋna sɩm kɔyɔ yɔɔ yɔ, kuduyuu ŋgʋ kɩ-tɛɛ palakaɣ sɔnzɩ nzɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Palaba kuduyuu sʋsɔʋ Koliisee kʋnɛ kɩ-tɛɛ tʋmɩyɛ pɩtalaɣ pɩnzɩ taŋga (500) mbɩ yɔ.
Kolombi

Kolombi kɛna Amerika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛna peeɖe wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ. Kolombi nɛ Pasifiki teŋgu nɛ Panama pasɩna ɖama kamaɣ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa, hayu ki:n lɛ Karyibi teŋgu, wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Fenezuwela nɛ Pirezli, ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Ekuwatɛrɩ nɛ Peruu ajɛya. 

Kolombi kɛŋna keteŋa kpeekpe ɛjaɖɛ 26 nɖɛ walanzɩ taa nɛ Amerika nɛ hadɛ  kiŋ ñɩna taa lɛ, nɖi yɔ naanza ñɩnɖɛ kɛ walanzɩ taa ɖɔɖɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa kpɛdɩ miliyɔɔnaa 48 pʊyɔɔ kɛ lɛ Kolombi kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ 27 nɖɛ keteŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ kɛ ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa nɛ naalɛ ñɩnɖɛ kɛ ajɛya kpeekpe wena ayɔɔdɩɣ ɛsɩpañɩ yɔ; kacalaɣ ñɩnɖɛ kɛlɛ Mɛkisiki. 

Kolombi kɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩmaɣzɩ wɛʊ ñɩm yɔ: ɖɩ-kɛ naanza ñɩnɖɛ kɛ Amerika Latini taa nɛ naatozo ñɩnɖɛ Amerika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ. Liidiye Koozaɣ ŋga payaɣ se HSBC tɔŋ se pɩɩtalɩɣ pɩnaɣ 2050 lɛ Kolombi wɛ ajɛya wena a-taa tɔsʊʊ  woba ɛsɩndaa sɩŋŋŋ yɔ. 

Mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ 2010 taa pɔtɔ caca lɛ, palɩzɩ Kolmbi ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ kɩfalʊ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Juan Manuel Santos.
Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ

Kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ, ajɛya naayɛ ɖʋ ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ payaɣ-ɖɩ se « komɔŋwɛltɩ » (Commonwealth). Ajɛya nɩɩnʋwa nɛ naalɛ (52) nɩŋna ɖama nɛ aɖʋ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ.  

Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ ɖʋ nesi siŋŋ ajɛya tɩ-yɔɔ wɛʋ nʋmɔʋ taa. Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ ñɔ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ palaba kedizaɣ sɔsaɣ nakɛyɛ Lɔndrɩ tɛtʋ taa yɔ. Lɔndrɩ tɛtʋ wɛ Aŋgeletɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Palaba kedizaɣ sɔsaɣ ŋga pɩnaɣ 1949 taa. Kedizaɣ ŋga ka-taa pɔtɔŋ se ajɛya wena awɛ Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ, awɛ kɩmaŋ. Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, paakpaɣ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖoŋ kɩkpaʋ se ɖɩwɛɛ Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ taa. 

Ɖoɖoo Élisabeth II kɛŋna Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʋ. Ajɛya naayɛ wɛɛ lɛ, awiya yaa abila ɖiyiɣna-yɛ. Ajɛya ana payaɣ se rʋwaayom (royaumes) waa. Ajɛya wena awɛ Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ, a-taa lɛ, ajɛya hiu nɛ loɖo (16) kɛ rowaayom waa. Ɖoɖoo Élisabeth II kɛŋna ɖɔɖɔ rowaayom waa hiu nɛ loɖo mba, pɛ-tɛ Abiɖe. Piyele ajɛya niidozo nɛ kʋɖʋm (31) ñɛkɛ mbʋ repiibiliki (républiques) waa nɛ ajɛya kagbaanzɩ (5) ñɛkɛ monarsii (monarchies) waa.

Ajɛya wena akɛ monarsii waa yɔ, a-taa lɛ, ɛyʋ kʋɖʋm tɩɣyɩna ɖoŋ tɩŋa. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se ɛnʋ ajɛɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ, ɛkɛ ajɛɖɛ paɣtʋ lɩzɩyaa nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʋ, ɛtɛ ɛkɛ tɔm hʋʋ nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʋ. Ɛlɛ, ajɛya wena alɛ kɛ repiibiliki waa yɔ, alɛ taa lɛ, pɛtɛyɩ ajaɖɛ ɖoŋ hɔɔlɩŋ niidozo. Ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋdʋ wɛɛ, kewiyaɣ ñʋʋdʋ ñɛwɛɛ nɛ tɔm hʋʋ nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʋ ñɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ.

Ajɛya wena awɛ Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ, awɛ a-tɩ yɔɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ fɛyɩna ɖoŋ lɛɛɖɛ yɔɔ. Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ lʋkɩ se temokrasii nɛ ɛyʋ waɖɛ yɔɔ kandɩyʋʋ nɛ komina tɩ-yɔɔ wɛʋ pa-tʋma ɛɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa. Temokrasii lʋkɩ se paa weyi ɛwɛɛna waɖɛ se ɛyɔɔdɩ mbʋ ɛnaɣ nɛ pɩfɛyɩ-ɩ ɖeu yɔ.
Ajɛya wena awɛ Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ taa yɔ, a-walanzɩ kedeŋa yɔɔ kɛ 29 958 050 km2. Komɔŋwɛltɩ ŋgbɛyɛ taa samaɣ ñʋʋ kɛ miiliyaarɩ waa 2,328.
Konakrii

Konakrii kɛna Kinee ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊsɔtʊ nɛ pɩnaɣ 2010 taa pakalɩ ɛyaa kɛ tɛtʊ sʊsɔtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa lɛ, panaa se ɛyaa mba pɛwɛ peeɖe yɔ pɛkpɛnda ɛyaa miliyɔɔnaa naalɛ nɛ hɔɔlʊʊ (2 500 000). Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ taa maɣna kilomɛtanaa  agbaba Kinee ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ tɛtʊ sʊsɔtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ mbʊ yebina nɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkɛ 450. 

Kinee ɛjaɖe taa tɛtʊ sʊsɔtʊ, pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa pakpaɣ ɛyaa kagbaanzɩ kɔyɔ pa-taa lɛ ɛyʊ kʊɖʊm wɛ Konakrii tɛtʊ taa. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa tɔsʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛɛ sɩŋŋŋ yɔ kɩlɩɣna teŋu yɔɔ tʊma wena palakɩ yɔ a-yɔɔ.
 
Konakrii kɛna tɛtʊ ndʊ lɩm cɔ-tʊ ne pɩtaa yɔ ɛlɛ kɩ-hɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊ wɛɛ nɛ lɩm tawadɩ pɩtalɩ peeɖe. Pɩnaɣ 1887 taa lɛ, lakʊ kaawɛna lɩm hɛkʊ taa tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa nɛ tɩŋ weyi panawaɣ yɔ ɩ-taa kɛlɛ pɔŋ nɛ sɩngbatʊ. Peeɖe pɩtɛ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, haɖaa yaa ageeta naanza kaawɛna nɛ anaa yɔ: Konakrii, Pulibinɛɛ, Kurutawnɩ nɛ Tombo. 

Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa ɛyaa hʊʊ pɩnaɣ pɩnaɣ. Pɩnaɣ 1958 taa lɛ ɛyaa kaawɛ 50 000, pɩnaɣ 1980 lɛ pɛkpɛnda ɛyaa  600 000; piyele 1983 lɛ palɩ ɛyaa 705 300. Pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1996 taa pɛtɛma talʊʊ ɛyaa 1 092 936; pɩnaɣ  2008 lɛ palɩ ɛyaa 1 857 153, pɩnaɣ  2009 lɛ ɛyaa 2 160 000. Piyele pɩnaɣ 2015 taa pakalɩ ɛyaa lɛ palɩ miliyɔɔnaa naalɛ nɛ hɔɔlʊʊ.
Koorayi Tilimiye Kɩkaɣyɛ (Grande Barrière de Corail)

Lɩm taa koloŋa kɩkawaɣ sɔsaɣ ŋga payaɣ se koorayi (corail) yɔ Koorayi koloŋa kɛ lɩm taa koloŋa ŋga kakɩlɩ lɩm taa kolonzi tɩŋa lɛɛsɩ payɩ kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ yɔ. Koorayi wɛ ɛzɩ tɩŋ sɔsɔʊ yɔ. Kɩwɛna pilinzi ndɩ ndɩ. Ɛlɛ, toovenum lɛ, pɩtɛkɛ tɩʊ. Palaba-kʊ nɛ lɩm taa kpɩna ndɩ ndɩ mɔɔ. Ɛyʊ ɛcɔna koorayi yɔ, kɩcaɣ kajʊka pɩŋŋ. Koorayi wɛna tilima 2900 halɩ pɩɖɛɛ pʊ-yɔɔ. Kɩwɛna lɩm hɛkʊ taa tɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ ɛzɩ 900 mbʊ yɔ. Lɩm hɛkʊ taa tɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ ndʊ, tɩkpaɣna Bundaberg, Cap York nɔɔ yɔɔ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se tɩ-ɖaɣlakɩŋ kɛ kilomɛtɛnaa 2600 nɛ tɩ-walanzɩ kɛ 344 4000 km2. Koorayi Tilimiye wɛ ki-teŋgu taa, Queensland nɔɔ kpɛɛɛ. Kɩwɛ Ositraalii ɛjaɖɛ taa.

Wondu sɔsɔtʊ ndʊ kedeŋa yɔɔ aŋgba ndɩ ndɩ laba payɩ yɔ tɩ-taa lɛ, Koorayi koloŋa kɩlɩna paɣlʊʊ. Pakpaɣ wondu cikpetu cikpetu ñɩɩ ñɩɩ waa ɛzɩ miiliyaarɩ yɔ nɛ palabɩna Koorayi Tilimiye. Wondu cikpetu cikpetu ñɩɩ ñɩɩ waa mba payaɣ se *coraux Polypes*. Wondu ndʊ tiyekina nɛ lɩm taa wondu sakɩyɛ cakɩ wezuu. Pama Koorayi Tilimiye hɩɖɛ kedeŋa kpeekpe ñɩm takayaɣ taa. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se pakpawaɣ se ɖɩkɛ kedeŋa kpeekpe ñɩm. Kedeŋa kpeekpe ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se UNESCO yɔ, ɖɩ-takayaɣ taa pama ɖɩ-hɩɖɛ pɩnaɣ 1981 taa. CNN televisiyɔɔ yɔ, ɖɩtɔŋ se Koorayi Tilimiye wɛ kedeŋa kpeekpe wondu kɩñɩlɩnzɩtʊ lʊbɛ taa.

Mbʊ payaɣ se *Great Barrier Reef Marine Park* yɔ mbʊ kandɩɣna Koorayi Timiye yɔɔ. Mbʊ lʊkɩna se ɛyaa ɛtaakɩlɩ kpakpasɩ kpaʊ. Paa mbʊ yɔ Koorayi Tilimiye wɛɛ ɖɩpazɩɣ ki-keɖewa pazɩ pazɩ pɩlɩɩna kedeŋa wɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ yɔɔ. Ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences* ɖɩñɩnaa nɛ ɖisusi raadiyoonaa nimasɩ yɔɔ aloma fenaɣ, pɩnaɣ 2012 taa se Koorayi Tilimiye wɛɛ ɖɩpasɩɣ ɖɩ-walanzɩ pazɩ pazɩ kpaɣ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1985 ñɩŋga taa.
Kooreyɛ kʊnʊŋ

Kooreyɛ kʊnʊŋ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ kooree ejaɖɛ taa, nɛ Siini kamaɣ yɔɔ ageetaa ndɩ ndɩ taa ɛzɩ Yanbian taa mbʊ yɔ nɛ Aŋgbaa wena a-da ɛyaa kʊya nɛ pɛlɛzɩ tɛtʊ yɔ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Japɔŋ nɛ Siini (Pékin nɛ Shandong) nɛ Ruusii nɛ Ositraalii nɛ Etaazuunii nɛ Fransɩɩ nɛ kɩ-kɛ kʊnʊŋ sɔsɔʊ kɛ Koree nɛ Hayʊ kiŋ nɛ Kooree nɛ Hadɛ Kiŋ taa.

Kooreyɛ kʊnʊŋ tɛ cɔlʊʊtʊ wɛ ndɔncɔlɩyɛ. Kʊnʊmɩŋ yɔɔ ñɩnɩyaa sakɩyɛ maɣzɩ se kɩ-kɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kʊwɛ kɩyeke koŋ kɩfɛyɩna kɩlɩʊ nakʊyʊ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ cɩna, lalaa tɔŋ se kɩlɩna altaïque cejewaa  agbelaa taa. Papɩza pehɩʊ palɩzɩ se kɩ-nɛ Japɔnɩɩ kʊnʊŋ pɛwɛna wɛtʊ kʊyʊmʊtʊ natʊyʊ.
  
Hangeul masɩ pamana kooreyɛ kʊnʊŋ , ɖɔɖɔ Hanja waa masɩ wɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kʊ-tɔmpee taa. Hɔɔlʊʊ sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ tɔmpee lɩna ̀Sɩnɩyɔɔ kʊnʊŋ taa.
Kootidiivʊwarɩ

Kootidiivʊwarɩ  ɛjaɖɛ wɛ Afrɩka nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa nɛ ɖɩwɛ afrika ɛjɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se Uniyɔɔ Afrikɛnɩ yɔ ɖɩ-taa. Ɖɩwalanzɩ taa maɣna ɛzɩ kilomɛta agbaba 322 462 yɔ. Ajɛya wena awɛ kamasɩ yɔɔ yɔ ana yɔ: hayɩ kɩŋ lɛ, Maalii nɛ Purkina Fasoo ajɛya, piyele nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ Liibeeriya nɛ Kiinee ajɛya, wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlɩyɛ taa lɛ Kana tɛtʊ nɛ yee pɩkɛ hadɛ kɩŋ kɔyɔ Atɩlantiiki lɩm kamʊʊ ñɛwɛna ɖɩnɛ. 

Pɩnaɣ 2012 taa pamaɣza Kootidiivʊwarɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa lɛ, pɛkpɛndɩ ɛzɩ 25 232 905 yɔ. Kootidiivʊwarɩ ejaɖɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ kɔyɔ Yamusokro (Abɩɩjaŋ) nɛ akʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ peeɖe ɛyaa yɔɔdɩɣ yɔ lɛ fransɩ. Piyele pe-liidiye kʊtɔɔyɛ kɔyɔ fraŋ-seefa. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ afrika liidiye ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ nɖɩ payaɣ se CEDEAO yɔ ɖɩtaa. Kpaɣ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1843 kɛ Fransɩɩ paɣza Kootidiivʊwari ɛjaɖɛ kpacayʊ nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ lʊbɛ pɩnaɣ 1960 lɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩpaɣzɩ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ nɛ kacalaɣ ñʊʊtʊ yɔ Félix Houphouët-Boigny.                 

Pahayɩɣ kɔfɩ nɛ kaakawoo nɛ Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa payɩ lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ pɩtɔtɔyɩna-ɖɩ. Kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1990 taa lɛ, you nakʊyʊ lɩ peeɖe ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ kɩfɛyɩ tɛm pɩkkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna se Félix Houphouët-Boigny sɩba pɩnzɩ naatozo wayɩ. Pɩnaɣ 2000 taa pɔtɔ caca lɛ, palɩzɩ ñʊʊtʊ kɩfalʊ se ɛsɔ ɛwɛɛ kɔyɔ pɩhɛɛ ɛlɛ pɩɩsaŋ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna se salaŋ fenaɣ 19 pɩnaɣ 2002 lɛ, sɔɔjanaa nɛ samaɣ pakʊyɩ ɖama yɔɔ. Lakɩŋ fenaɣ nanza wiye lɛ, pekpeelɩ Purkiina Fasoo ɛjaɖɛ ta kɛ Wagaadugu tɛtʊ taa se pakpaɣ paɣtʊ nɛ peyele you. Peeɖe ɛya kpɛndɩ miliyɔɔnaa 25,2 kɛ mbʊ yɔ.
Kooree Hadɛ Kiŋ

**Kooree Hadɛ kiŋ** ɛjaɖɛ wɛ Aazii nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kiŋ nɛ kɩ-tɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Sewuli. Kooree hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa yɔɔdɩɣ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ yɔ ŋgʊ payaɣ se koore; pɩkazɩ nɛ liidiye nɖɩ pɔtɔkɩ yɔ nɖɩ lɛ wooŋ. Kooree hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ sɩna Kooree hayʊ  nɖɛ nɛ kilomɛtanaa ɛzɩ 238 yɔ. Yeee pakpaɣ kedeŋga kpeekpe kɔ yɔ, Kooree hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɛ hiu nɛ naalɛ ñɩnɖɛ kɩ-ñɩm tɔm taa. 

Kooree hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa wɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ taa lɛɛlɛyɔ pɩkɩlɩ ɛzɩ ɖooo lɛ yɔ mbʊ pʊ-yɔɔ yɔ pɩnaɣ 1961 taa lɛ mba paawɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ taa yɔ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ lɛ 28 nɛ pɩnaɣ 2011 taa lɛ, mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ lɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ taa mba talɩɣ  ɛzɩ 83 yɔ. Kooree hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa ya wɛ miliyɔɔnaa 49 nɛ pa-taa lɛ ɛyaa ɛzɩ miliyɔɔna 22 wɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ taa.

Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa ɖɛ ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa ɛzɩ 750  kɛ pɩnaɣ 2005 yɔ, mbʊ yɔ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɔ yɔ: Sewulɩ (10 350 000), Pusaŋ (3 680 000), Inzeyɔŋ (2 580 000),  Tayeguu (2 565 000), Tayezeyɔŋ (1 475 000), Kɩwanzuu (1 415 000), Suwɔŋ (1 240 000), Koyaŋgɩ (1 200 000), Seyɔŋñam (1 030 000), Ulsaŋ (960 000), Puuseyɔŋ (830 000).

Mɩsɩ kʊm fenaɣ 15 pɩnaɣ 2000 ŋgʊ wiye kɛ Kooree Hadɛ kiŋ ñʊʊtʊ Kim Dae-jung  nɛ Kooree Hayɩ kiŋ ñɩnʊ Kim Jong-Il  pekpeelaɣ nɛ panɩɩna ɖama se you nakʊyʊ ɛtaatasɩ wɛʊ pɛhɛkɛʊ taa pɩcɩyʊ-wɛ mbʊ paa ɛzɩmtaa. Ɛlɛ, lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 12 wiye pɩnaɣ 2004 kɛ Kooree Hadɛ ñɩma kpaɣ paɣtʊ natʊyʊ yem tuda se Kooree Hayʊ ñʊʊtʊ Roh Moo-hyun ɛɛtaatasɩ naŋgbaŋa fɛyʊ kɛ pɛ-tɛ ɛlɛ pɩkɔma nɛ pɩlakɩ ɛzɩ fenasi naalɛ mbʊyɔ lɛ, ɖomaɣ fenaɣ 14 wiye  pɩnaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ ŋga kewiye lɛ, paɖɩzɩ paɣtʊ ndʊ.
Kooree Hayɩ Kiŋ

Koree nɛ Hayʊ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ wɛ Aazii nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ payaɣ se Piyaŋyaŋ.

Koree nɛ Hayʊ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ajɛya wena asɩnɛ ɖama kamaɣ yɔ ana yɔ: hayʊ ki lɛ Siini (ajɛya anɛ akpɛndɩ kamaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa yɔ), wɩsɩ ɖilɩyɛ nɛ hayʊ kiŋ lɛ Rusii (kilomɛtanaa 19), Koree hadɛ ŋgʊ wɛna ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɛ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ (kilomɛtanaa ɛzɩ 238). Koree hayʊ ŋgʊ kʊnɛ nɛ hadɛ ŋgʊ pɛhɛkʊ taa pʊwɛɛ se sɔɔjanaa ɛtaatasɩ wɛʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ you nakʊyʊ kaawɛ ajɛya anɛ anaalɛ ahɛkʊ taa.

Ɛlɛ sɔɔjanaa ñɛwɛna nɛ pɔcɔŋna pʊyɔɔ nɛ pɛɖɛ ɛzɩ miliyɔɔ yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 2012 taa pakala ɛyaa lɛ, pɛkpɛndɩ 24 589 122. Koree nɛ Hayʊ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa politiki aŋgba tɔɖɔɔn nɛ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ kewiyaɣ yɔɔ yɔ nɖɩ lɛ Koree taa tʊmlaɖaa ŋgbɛyɛ (KWP). Kim II-sung kaakɛna peeɖe ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ nɛ ɛkɔma ɛsɩ pɩnaɣ 1994, ɛ-pɩyalʊ Kim Jong-II caɣ e-loniye taa. Ɛtacaɣ se ɛnʊ lɛ tɛtʊ ñʊʊtʊ ɛlɛ pɩwɛɛ ɛzɩ ɛ-caa Kɩm II-sung maɣmaɣ ɖɩŋna cɔnaʊ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩyɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ. 

URSS koma nɛ kɩcɩɩ kɩ-tɩ nɛ kedeŋa yɔɔ kpɛlɩ kpɛlɩ lakasɩ ndɩ ndɩ laba lɛ, ñɔɔsɩ haŋgaɣ nkakayɛ lɩɩ Koree taa nɛ ɛyaa ɛzɩ 900 000 yaa miliyɔɔnaa naalɛ mbʊ yɔ hiu sɩm. Pɩlaba mbʊ lɛ Kim Jong-II lɛɣzɩ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɛ  ɛha sɔɔjanaa nɛ ɛsɩyɛ se mba pɩzɩɣna nɛ pɔna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-yɔɔ camɩyɛ. 

Kim Jong-II sɩba pɩnaɣ 2011 lɛ ɛ-pɩyalʊ Kim Jong-un kpaɣ kewiyaɣ kpelaɣ. Koree nɛ hayʊ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ nɖɩ kɛŋna keteŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa sɔɔjanaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɔcɔna ɛyaa kjpeekpe nɛ pɔcɔna mba pɛkɛ sɔɔjanaa kɔ yɔ panɛ pɔɖɔɔ pɩtɩfɛyɩ nɛ, nɛ sɔɔjanaa talɩ ɛzɩ 9 495 000 yɔ.
Kozoŋa

Kozoŋa wɛ ‘‘Léporidés’’ naa tiiye taa. Kozoŋa wɛ ñɩtʊ taa nɛ kanɛ anasayɩ kozoŋa palɩ ɖama pazɩ. Kozoŋa lʊlʊʊ pɩya nɛ sɩmʊzɩ-ɩ nɛ sɩkɔɔ sipaɣlɩ. Kozonzɩ wɛ ntɩ ntɩ nɛ sɩpɩzʊʊ sɩtalɩ hʊwa ɛzɩ 30kɛ mbʊ yɔ keteŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ. Tʊkaɣ ŋga kɛwɛ sɩ-hɛkʊ taa mbʊ lɛ sɩ-yɔɔ masɩ, sɩ-palaka yaa ɖenɖe sɩwɛɛ yɔ. Kozonzi kɛ tɛtɛ kpɩna wena atɔsɔɔlɩ ɖɔm com com yɔ. Sɩsɔɔla wɛʊ ŋgayɩ ŋgayɩ yaa nabʊyʊ taa lɛ, abalʊ ŋga nɛ halʊ ŋga peɖeke pɔɖɔŋna.

Kozonzi wɛ lɛɛtʊ kamaɣ fɛyɩ. Sɩwayɩ acɩya ɖalɩ cɛŋŋŋ cɛŋŋŋ nɛ pɩsɩŋna-sɩ se sɩma poliŋ poliŋ yee nabʊyʊ ɛlɩ sɩ-yɔɔ kɔyɔ. Eerɔpɩ tɛ kozonzi wɛ ndɩ kpem. Peeɖe kozonzi pɩzʊʋ sise kilomɛtanaa ɛzɩ 60 kɛ mbʊ yɔ ñɩɩyʊ kʊɖʊmʊ yɔɔ. Nasɩyɛ pɩzɩɣ sɩmaa ɛsɔtaa ɛzɩ mɛtanaa naalɛ mbʊ pʊkɔɔ pɩtalɩ kilomɛtanaa 80 ñɩɩyʊ kʊɖʊmʊ mbʊ yɔ. Mbʊ pɩsɩŋna sɩsɩ yɔ, mbʊ lɛ sɩpaɣlaka nɛ sɩ-ɖaalakɩŋ. Kozoŋa nandʊ wɛ ɖeu kamaɣ fɛyɩ mbʊ labɩna nɛ paa lakʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa kozoŋa ɛtʊlʊʊ. Ɛlɛ, kʊdɔŋ kɩfalʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩlɩwa nɛ payaɣ-kʊ se Eeboolaa yɔ, kɩ-yɔɔ lɛ pɩfɛyɩ ɖeu se ɛyʊ ɛtɔɔ tɛtɛ kpɩna nandʊ.
Koŋgo Pɔɔ

Koŋgo kɛ lɩm pɔɔ ŋga kɛ-tɛ lɛ, Afrika hɛkʊ taa nɛ kalɩna piyasi sɔsɔsɩ sɩwɛ kɛnɛ Afrika nɛ haɖɛ yɔ kɩŋ kamaɣ yɔ yɔ nɛ kɛtɛzʊʊ ajɛyɛ sakɩyɛ pɩkɩlɩna Koŋgo ɛjaɖɛ waɖɛ ndɛ taa nɛ kɛkpɛndʊʊ ka-tɩ Atɩlantɩkɩ teŋgu taa. Lɩm pɔɔ sɔsɔ ŋga kapɩsɩ kamaɣ nɛ Koŋgo waɖɛ tɛ ŋgʊ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Koŋgo ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Aŋgoola ɛjaɖɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Payaɣ pɔɔ ŋga kɔ-hɔɔlʊʊ sɔsɔʊ se Lwalaba yaa Lualaba nɛ pɩnzɩ 1970 nɛ 1990 pɩpɩsaɣ Sayiiri alɩwaatʊʊ taa lɛ, payaɣ pɔɔ ŋga kekpeekpe se Sayiiri.
     
Kalɩkɩŋ talɩ kilomɛta 4700 nɛ kɛ-kɛ kedeŋga taa pɔsɩ kɩɖalaɣsɩ taa pɔɔ lutozo ŋga Amazonɩ wayi pɩlɩna kɛ-tɛ pɔɔ hoɖe 80 832 m3/s yɔ pɩkɩla kɔyɔ. Pɩsa nɛ pewili nɛ patɩlɩ teŋgu lɩŋguu palɩza nɛ pɩlɩna lɩm pila ɖalakɩŋ yɔ pɩnaɣ 2008 taa nɛ pɩwɩlɩɣ se lɩm pɔɔ ŋga kakɩlɩna lɩŋguu kedeŋga kpeekpe taa. Kɛ-tɛ lɩŋguu cɛzʊʊ mɛta waa 220 nɛ pɛwɛ ɛzɩ lɩm huyuu nɔmɔŋ lɩm tɛɛ yɔ. Lɩm mbʊ pɩtaa wɛ likaŋ sɔsɔŋ weyi papɩzʊʊ pamazɩɣ yɔ nɛ pɩwɛ kʊñɔŋ nɛ piyɔɔ kɩŋ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ heelɩm ɖoŋ hʊwa tuda.
  
Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Pɔrɩtɩkɛ kpɛlɛkɩyʊʊ Diogo Cão kɔma takʊʊ se ɛkpɛlɛkɩ Koŋgo pɔɔ ɛwadɩyɛ taa ɖɩsʊyɛ pɩnaɣ 1482 yɔ ɛma pɔɔ kɩdeŋ yɔ koloŋga nɛ kaaŋ se pɩwɩlɩ se ɛɖɔm nɛ peɖe kɩŋ. Mbʊ pɩkpaɣna nɛ paya-kɛ kacalaɣ yaʊ se Rio de Pedrão pʊtɔbʊʊ se koloŋga pɔɔ. Koŋgo kewiyaɣ tɛ wɛʊ lɩm ɖɩlɩyɛ cɔlɔ yebina se Pɔrɩtɩkɛ waa ɛyaa pɔɔ ŋga se Koŋgo.

Tɔsʊʊ tɔm taa lɛ, Koŋgo pɔɔ kɛnɛ kɛna wazaɣ kamaɣ fɛyɩ. Kɔ-nɔɔ yɔɔ kɛ pakɩlɩɣ tadɩyɛ labʊ; ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, peeɖe kɛ ladiɖiki mɩŋ lɩɣna. Pɔɔŋga kɔyɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ kɛ pama ladiriki mɩŋ kɩkaaŋ. Mbʊ lɛ ɛjaɖɛ kewiyaɣ tɛ piya yaɣ pɔɔ ŋga se Nzadi yaa yɔɔdɔɣ taa lɛ, Nzaï. Tɔmpiye ndɩ Pɔrɩtɩkɛ waa lɩzɩɣ ɖɩtɔbʊʊ kpaɖʊ hɩʊ nɛ loɖo taa nɛ pɩpɩsɩɣ Zaïre, hɩɖɛ ndɩ Mobutu lakɩna nɛ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ ɛya se waɖɛ Koŋgo ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ lɩm pɔɔ mbʊ pɩnzɩ 1971 pɩtalɩ 1997.
Kpakpayaɣ

Kpakpasɩ kɛ lɩm-daɣ kpɩnaa wena avezuna 'branchies' yɔ, kɔyɔ nɛ mbu payana anasaayɩ ta se nagɛrɛ waa yɔ nɛ po-tomnaɣsɩ yɔ lɛ pɔɔɖɛ huzɩnɩ payɩ. Kpakpasɩ tɔya yem lɩm cikpem nɛ teŋgunaa taa: sɩlɩnaa pʊŋ weyi lɩm lɩʊna ɛtaa yɔ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ lɩŋgamɩŋ taa. Kpakpasɩ wɛ hɔlɩŋ tɩŋgɛ yem, nɛ cabɩ wɛ lɩŋgamɩŋ taa ɖeŋɖe paalakɩ pɩyʊ nɔʊ yɔ. Sɩwɛna waza pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ sɩŋŋ kɛ ɛyaa cɔlɔ.

Ɛzɩ sɩkɛʊ tɔɔnaɣ yɔ, paɣ ɛjaɖɛ ŋɖɩ lɛ ɖɩtaa lɛ; pʊwɛ se kpakpasɩ nzɩ pɔɖɔɔ sɩ yaa pakpaazɩ lɩmdaa nɛ pɔɔ cɔlʊʊ.

Kpakpaysɩ nzɩ sɩwɛna waza sɩŋŋ, haɖaʊ taa, ɛsɔ nɩmaʊ taa, mʊya hɔlʊʋ taa, pɩtasɩna takayɩsɩ maʊ ɖeɖe nɛ filim naa labʊ taa ɖɔɖɔ .
Kpaŋ kʊdɔŋ

Kpaŋ kʊdɔŋ  papɩzɩɣ paya-kʊ ɖɔɖɔ se maɣzɩm taa taa kʊdɔŋ yaa fitenum taa kʊdɔŋ, pɩkɛ ñʊʊ taa fitenum tɛ cɔʊ mbʊ pɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ pʊkɔna ɛyʊ tɩlasɩ sakɩyɛ yɔ. Pɩkɛ kʊñɔŋ nɛ ɛyʊ fezuu caɣʊ mbʊ pɩɩkɛɖʊʊ nɛ ɛyʊ yɔ.
 
kɩpɩzɩɣ kɩwɛ ɖoŋ yaa tuda nɛ kɩwɛ paa ɖoye. Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-ɛyaa, ɛ-ñɩma yaa ɛ-cɔlɔ caɣyaa pɩzɩɣ nɛ potukuna fɛɖaa yaa ɛyʊ weyi ɛkpɛkɩ ñʊʊ taa maɣzɩm kʊdɔŋ fɛbɩtʊ yɔ yaa kpaŋ kʊdɔmɩŋ wazɩyʊ yaa maɣzɩm taa tazɩyʊ yɔɔ tɛlɩyʊ.
 
Akpatayɩtʊ yaa ɛyʊ tɛ hʊʊ yaa laŋgbɛzɩyɛ nɛ kpaŋ ŋgʊ kɩlɩna taba kʊyɔɔ cɔlɔ yaa sʊlʊm ɖoŋ mbʊ cɔlɔ, niɣzɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ yaa sɔndʊʊ sɔsɔtʊ, tɔɔnasɩ taa wɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ ndʊ tɩfɛyɩ camɩyɛ yɔ, fitenum taa cɔʊ nɛ yaa ñʊŋ naalɛ tʊ kɛ mbʊ ɛzɩ pɩwɩlɩɣ kpaŋ kʊdɔŋ tɔm yɔ.
 
Wɛtʊ natʊyʊ taa lɛ, pɩkɛ kɩjɛyʊ se pakpa pɩtɛ ɛyʊ ɛnʊ nɛ pasɩ-ɩ fɛɖaa tɛ paa ɛtɔsɔlɩ kɔyɔ yee paɣtʊ ɛpɔzɩɣ mbʊ yɔ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ kpaŋ tɩnaa ɖɔkɔtɔ naa taa. Ñʊʊ taa maɣzɩm taa takɩyaa wɩla nɛ pana, patɩŋna wɛtʊ naa sakɩyɛ yɔ, pʊtɔma tɔmpee pɔzɩtʊ yaa kʊdɔntʊ cɔnaʊ, nɛ pɩtɩŋna pɩyɔɔ nɛ pawazɩɣ kʊdɔndɩna sakɩyɛ pɩlɩna pɛ-tɛ kpaŋ yɔ.
  
Kpaŋ kʊdɔŋ tɛ alaafɩya tɛ nɩɣ wɛ ndɩ pɩlɩna alɩwaatʊ nɛ ɛsakuliye cɔlɔ. Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ kɩ-tɛ tɔbʊʊ nɩɣʊ, kɩ-tɛ ɖɩjayɛ nɛ kɩ-yɔɔ ndɔnjɔlɩyɛ. Ɖama wayɩ lɩɣʊ ɛyaa taa nɛ ɖama tɛzɩtʊ sɔzɩɣ ɛyʊ kʊjɔŋ yɔɔ nɛ pɩtɩnɩɣ lɩmaɣza yɔɔ nɛ pɩpɩsɩɣ ɛyʊ kpaŋ tʊ. Pʊyɔɔ yɔ patʊlɩɣ aŋgbaa nayɛ ɛyaa hɛkɩŋ nɛ ketiizasi se palʊbɩna ɖooo lɔŋ maɣzɩm.
 
Kedenga kpeekpe ajɛyɛ lɩmaɣzaɣ yɔɔ lɛ, ɖɔkɔtɔ naa tɛ takayasɩ sakɩyɛ lakɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ tɔmpee kpaŋ kʊdɔŋ yaa fetenum taa kʊdɔŋ. Ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ yɔ wɛtʊ natʊlɛ pasɩwaɣ nɛ palakɩna tʊmɩyɛ pɩlɩna kpaŋ kʊdɔmɩŋ. 

Kedeŋga kpeekpe kʊdɔmɩŋ pɩlɩɣ (CIM-10), ndʊ OMS ŋgbɛyɛ nɛ kʊdɔŋ naɣʊ wonduu nɛ ɖiuu ɖiuu maɣzɩm taa kʊdɔmɩŋ (DSM-V) ndʊ Amerika taa maɣzɩm taa kʊdɔmɩŋ wazɩyaa ŋgbɛyɛ (APP) sʊzaa yɔ. Papɩzɩɣ pawazɩɣ kpaŋ kʊdɔŋ pɩlɩna kɩ-tɛ ɖoŋ cɔlɔ.
Kpaŋnɔ

Kpaŋnɔ kɛ ɖɩɣa kpɩnɛ sɔsɔyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩtɔkɩ n̄ɩtʋ siŋŋ nɛ ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩcakɩ wezuu yɔ. Kpaŋnɔ acaya tɛtɛyɩ a-hɛkɩŋ taa ɛzɩ ɖɩɣa kpɩna lɛɛna yɔ. Ɛcɩɖɛ kʋɖʋmɖɩyɛ kʋɖʋmɖɩyɛ wɛna kpam kpam ɛ-nɩŋgbanzɩ naanza yɔɔ. Pɩlaba pɩnzɩ miiliyɔɔ waa 45 yaa 55 yɔ, kpaŋnɔ lɩʋ yɔ. Kajalaɣ kpaŋnɔ kɛwɛ ɛzɩ kpɩnɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛna haɣ paɣlaka yɔ nɛ ɖɩwɛɛna ne yʋʋʋ yɔ. Kpaŋnaŋ sɔɔla caɣʋ yaa yɛlʋʋ com com, ɛlɛ, ɛ-taa kʋɖʋm ɖɛɣna-yɛ nɔɔ. Kpaŋnaŋ cakɩ wezuu ɛzɩ ɛyaa yɔ, mbʋ yɔ paa ɛ-taa weyi ɛwɛna ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ ɛ-ɖikpeɣliye taa. Kpaŋnaŋ sɩma seɣa tɔm siŋŋ, pʋ-yɔɔ nabʋyʋ taa ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛtʋlʋʋ ɛ-tɔɔyaa nesi tɛɛ. Pɩma kpaŋnaŋ maʋ nabʋyʋ né ndí kpem, mbʋ yɔ ɛpɩzɩɣ eɖoo ɛsɔdaa. Eeɖou ɖɔɖɔ sakɩyɛ ɛzʋnɔɔ, e-ɖom wɛ ɛzɩ kozoŋa ɖom yɔ. Payaɣ kpaŋnɔ halɩn̄ɩnʋ se "jument". Kpaŋnɔ halɩn̄ɩnʋ kpakɩɣ hɩɖɛ lɛ, fenasɩ hiu nɛ kʋɖʋmaɣ ɛlakɩ nɛ pʋcɔ ɛlʋlɩ. Payaɣ kpaŋnɔ pɩɣa se "poulain". Kpaŋnɔ lʋlʋʋ piileɖiɣ nɛ ɛ-pɩɣa pɩzɩ kapazɩ seu. 

Ɛyʋ kɔŋna kpaŋnɔ ɖɩɣa nɛ ɛɖɔɔ-ɩ. Kpaŋnɔ wɛ wazaɣ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ Eerɔpʋ nɛ Aazii pɛ-tɛtʋ tɩŋa taa ɖooo caanaʋ taa. Sɔnɔdaa pɩdakasɩ kpaŋnɔ nɔɔyʋ se ɛwɛ n̄ɩtʋ taa nɛ pɩtasɩna "Przewalski" kpaŋnɔ weyi ɛyʋ pɩzɩoɣ ɛyɔɔdɩ se ɛkɛ n̄ɩtʋ taa n̄ɩnʋ siŋŋ yɔ. Ɛlɛ, ɖɩɣa kpaŋnaŋ sakɩyɛ nɩɩyɛ pɩzɩ lakʋ taa n̄ɩŋ. Ɛyʋ wɛna tɔmpe sakɩyɛ nɛ ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛkɛdɩɣna ɛzɩma mbʋ kpaŋnaŋ wɛɛ yɔ nɛ tɔlɩm ndɩ ndɩ mbʋ ɛwɛna yɔ nɛ huwa ndɩ ndɩ wena a-taa ɛwɛɛ yɔ nɛ wɛtʋ ndʋ ɛwɛna yɔ nɛ  ɛzɩma mbʋ ɛcakɩ e-weziŋ  yɔ. Ɛyʋ kpɛlɛkɩ kpaŋnaŋ sakɩyɛ ɛzɩma mbʋ ɛyʋ ɛcaɣ ɛ-yɔɔ nɛ ɛɖɔŋ nʋmɔʋ poliŋ n̄ɩŋʋ nakʋyʋ yaa ɛla you yɔ. Kpaŋnʋ paɣlaka siŋŋ lɛ, pɩnzɩ kagbaanzɩ taa. Kpaŋnɔ cakɩ wezuu pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ  nɛɛlɛ nɛ kagbaanzɩ yaa pɩnzɩ niidozo mbʋ yɔ. 

Ɛyʋ kpɛlɛkɩ kpaŋnɔ se ɛlakɩ-ɩ ɛtɔma sakɩyɛ. Ɛyʋ pɩzɩɣ ɛcaɣ kpaŋnɔ nɛ ɛɖɔ nʋmɔʋ poliŋ n̄ɩŋʋ nakʋyʋ. Ɛyʋ pɩzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ ɛhayɩna kpaŋnɔ hayɩm lemmm. Ɛyʋ pɩzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ ɛcaɣ kpaŋnɔ yɔɔ nɛ ɛla you sɔsɔʋ nakʋyʋ. Kpaŋnaŋ yeba nɛ tadɩyɛ wobina ɛsɩndaa siŋŋ n̄ɩm ajɛɛ sɔsɔna taa. 

Ɖɩɣa Kpɩna tɩŋa taa lɛ, kpaŋnɔ kɩlɩna wazaɣ siŋŋ. Ɛ-tɔm pakɩlɩ yɔɔdʋʋ caanaʋ taa. Ɛ-yɔɔ cɔnaʋ yeba nɛ  nesi tɛɛ tʋma sakɩyɛ naayɩ n̄ɔ. Ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ tadɩyɛ  nʋmɔʋ taa nɛ tomnaɣ taa hayɩsʋʋ mbʋ payaɣ se "sports hippiques" yɔ pʋ-nʋmɔʋ taa mbʋ yɔ, ɖɩnaɣ se kpaŋnaŋ yebina nɛ tʋma ana aɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa siŋŋ. Sɔnɔdaa ɛyaa cakɩ kpaŋnaŋ yɔɔ ajɛɛ wena a-tɔsʋʋ ɖɛ ɛsɩndaa siŋŋ yɔ se peleɣyi yaa se pala tɔnʋʋ taa kpekpeka hayɩsʋʋ  tʋma. Kpaŋnɔ wɛ wazaɣ siŋŋ ɛyʋ wezuu caɣʋ taa mbʋ yɔ ɛyʋ tɔkɩ ɛ-nandʋ nɛ ɛn̄ɔɔ ɛ-naalɩm. Ɛyʋ lakɩ naadaŋgbala nɛ Kpaŋnɔ tɔnʋʋ. Kpaŋnɔ hɩm wɛ ɛyʋ wazaɣ ɖɔɖɔ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Ajɛɛ sɔsɔna naayɛ taa lɛ, kpaŋnɔ lakɩna nɛ haɖaʋ nɛ tadɩyɛ powokina ɛsɩndaa nɛ pɩkɩlɩɣ. Ɖɩɣa kpaŋnɔ yɔɔ cɔnaʋ caɣ kaɖɛ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Wondu ndʋ pakpakɩɣ nɛ pɔcɔŋnanɩ kpaŋnɔ yɔɔ yɔ, tɩwɛ ndɩ kpem. Pʋ-yɔɔ pʋpɔzʋʋ se ɛyaa mba pasɩma kpaŋnaŋ tɔm camɩyɛ yɔ, mba ɛkpɛlɛkɩna lɛlaa ɛ-yɔɔ cɔnaʋ.
Kpentɔɔyaɣ

Kpentɔɔyaɣ kɛna lakʊ taa kpɩnɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ ɛzɩ kpoun yɔ, ɛlɛ ɖɩkɩla-kʊ paɣlʊ pazɩ. Paapɩzʊʊ pɛkpɛndɩ-kʊ tɛtɛ kpɩna nayɛ taa yem yem. Ɛlɛ papɩzʊʋ paɖʊ-kʊ kpayaa taa. Kpemtɔɔyasɩ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Nasɩyɛ sɛwa, lɛɛsɩ wɛ caʊʊʊ tɩyɛ. Keteŋa kpeekpe yɔ pakʊ kpentɔɔyasɩ nɛ sɩteŋ tɛm yɔɔ. Mbʊ labɩna nɛ wayɩ waƴɩ alɩwaatʊ tʊnɛ tɩtaa padaŋɩ kpentɔɔyasɩ kʊ yɔɔ. Eerɔpɩ taa kpentɔɔyasɩ wɛɛ nabʊlɛ taa: Ruusi ɛjaɖɛ taa nzɩ nɛ Sibeeriya nzɩ. Ameriki taa lɛ, kpentɔɔyasɩ nzɩ sɩwɛ yɔ, sɩwɛ yʊʊlaa nɛ panay-sɩ Kanadaa ɛjaɖɛ taa; payaɣ lɛsɩ se Ariktiki tɛ kpentɔɔyaɣ. Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kpentɔɔyasɩ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Kpentɔɔyasɩ nasɩ wɛɛ sɩsɩ sɛwa.

Pañɩma nɛ pana sɩze kpemtɔɔyasɩ tɩŋɛ fɛyɩ ɖeyiɖeyi. Sɩwɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ñɩnzɩ wɛ ndɩ nɛ Hɩmalayaa nzɩ.
Kotonu

Kotonu kɛŋna Peenɛɛ yaa Ɖahʊma ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ nɛ tɩ-taa kɛ tɔsʊʊ nɛ komina tʊma sɔsɔna wɛɛ. Tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ tʊnɛ pakalɩ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kɛ pɩnaɣ 2013 taa lɛ pɛkpɛŋdɩ ɛyaa 679 012. Ɛyaa panɛ, pɛ-tɛ ɖɔʊ yɔɔ nɛ ɛzɩma ɖɩcaɣyɛ tatasɩ kazʊ se ɛyaa ɛma lɛ, Abome-Kalavi, Sɛmɛ-Kpoji nɛ Wiidaa tɛtʊ pɩsa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ ɖɔɖɔ. Peeɖe nɛ Kotonu taa ɛyaa kpɛnda 1 720 105 pɩnaɣ 2013 taa ɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 2002 taa paakalɩ-wɛ lɛ, paawɛ ɛyaa 1 088 083.

Kotonu walanzɩ taa makɩɣna kilomɛtanaa agbaba 79. Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ ajɛya kpeekpe taa lɛ, Kotonu taa kɩyakʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Tantokpa yɔ, ŋgʊ kɩlɩna walanzɩ ; ekɩ-walanzɩ taa makɩɣna ɛzɩ hɛkɩtaarɩnaa nɛɛlɛ yɔ. Ɛlɛ wayɩ nɛ wayɩ alɩwaatʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa lɛ, tɛŋ weyi ɩnɩʊ yɔ, lɩm sʊʊ nɛ pɩlɩzʊʊ ɛyaa kɛ kɩyakʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1960 taa lɛ Kotonu taa ɛyaa kaawɛ kutokiŋ 70 000 ɖeke.

Pɩnaɣ 2014 taa lɛ Kotonu tɛtʊ taa ɛyaa ɛzɩ 57,3 mba pɛwɛna pɩnzɩ ɛzɩ hiu nɛ kagbaanzɩ yɔ pazɩma fransɩ yɔɔdʊ nɛ kɩ-maʊ pɩkazɩ ɛyaa ɛzɩ 58,6 kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ sɩma kɩ-yɔɔdʊ. Kotonu tɛtʊ taa kɛ ñɩɩtʊ kilubutu skɩyɛ wɛɛ nɛ ɛzɩma tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩnɛ Naajeeriya pɛwɛ ɖama cɔlɔ yɔ mbʊ yebiina nɛ tɩ-taa tadiyɛ tɛzɩ kpaʊ ɖoŋ siŋŋŋ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa ɖɛnɖe payakɩ kɩyakʊ nɛ payaɣ peeɖe se Tantokpa yɔ, evemiye kʊɖʊmɖɩyɛ taa liidiya wena asʊ yɔ awɛɣ ɛzɩ fransɩ liidiya miliyarɩ yɔ yaa eeroo kʊɖʊmʊ nɛ hɔɔlʊʊ yɔ. 

Afrika kpeekpe taa pasɩma Kotonu tɛtʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ peeɖe teŋu kidiiliŋ yɔ pɛpɛdʊlɔɔɖandɩ ndɩ wena akɔŋna nɛ Eerɔpʊ yɔ.Kotonu tɛ malika nɛ malikanaa nabɛyɛ panɩʊ nɛ ɖama nɛ palakɩ tʊma nɛ a-taa kɔyɔ: Kretayilɩ (Fransɩɩ) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1986, Salvadɔrɩ (Pirezili) ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1987 nɛ Rosini-Sʊ-Pʊwa (Fransɩɩ).
Kpeziwɩlaɣ kʊdɔŋ

Kpeziwɩlaɣ kɛ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩɖɛʊ yɔ. Kɩlɩna ŋñɩɩ cɩkaɣ tɛ nɛ kɛɖɛʊ ɛyaa nɛ kɩ-lakasɩ ɛyaa yɔ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ. Kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩdɩna ɛyaa sakɩyɛ sɩm ɛjaɖɛ yɔ. Kedeŋga kpeekpe taa ŋgbɛɛ ndɩ ɖɩcɔŋna tɔnʊʊ taa alaafɩya yɔɔ yɔ (OMS) tɛ wayɩ wayɩ pɩnaɣ tɛ tɔm lɩzʊʊ taa lɛ, pɩlɩna kpeziwɩlaɣ kʊdɔŋ nɛ ndʊ tɩlɩɣ pɩnaɣ 2015 taa yɔ, yɔɔdʊʊ se ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ waa 1,5 sɩba nɛ kpeziwɩlaɣ kʊdɔŋ pɩnaɣ 2014 taa. Pɩlɩna kedeŋga tɛlɛŋga yɔ lɛ, kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ tɛyɩtʊ wɩlʊʊ-ɖʊ se ajɛyɛ nɛɛlɛ taa wɛ kpeziwɩlaɣ kʊdɔŋ ɛyaa mɩnʊʊ yɔ lɛ, ɛyaa hiŋ nakʊ (90 %).
 
Paa pawaɣ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ yɔ, kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kʊ-tɔm kpaɖa kʊñɔŋ ajɛyɛ taa pɩtɩŋna wɛtʊ naa nabɛyɛ yɔɔ. Kɛdɛdaɣ wɛtʊ nɛ kinaŋ tɛ ɖama cɔlɔ caɣyɛ nɛ tɔɔnaɣ kɩɩtalʊʊ nɛ matʊ kɩɩsɩŋgɩlɩtʊ nɛ ɖɔkɔtɔnaa matʊ tɔɖɔɔ nɛ pɩkɩlɩna VIH tɛ wɛʊ. Kʊ-tɔm kpaɖʊ yoŋ nɛ ñɔsɩ alɩwaatʊ taa. Ɖɩnaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se mbʊ pewiliɣ nɛ patakɩ nɛ pana nɛ pehiɣ kʊ-kɔyɛ hayʊʊ yɔ wɛ kaɖɛ ajɛyɛ wena a-taa kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ yɔ.
 
Kɩ-kɛ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩɖalʊʊ yɔ nɛ kɩ-lakasɩ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ kɩkpaɣ ɛyaa nɛ kpɩnaa. Kpeziwɩlaɣ kɛ kʊdɔŋ kɩpɩnʊʊ ɛlɛ, kʊdɔmɩŋ pɩlʊʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ nɛ kʊdɔmɩŋ ɖɩlɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ nɔɔ kʊyʊmaɣ cɔlɔ lɛ, kpaɣɖʊ 19 palaba pʊ-tʊmɩyɛ. Kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ ŋñɩɩ cɩkaɣ kaawɛ ɖooo pɩtalɩ pɩnzɩ miiliyɔɔ waa natozo. Kɩ-kiɖe lɩna Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ kiŋ nɛ pamazɩ se kɩkɛ ɛyaa kpeekpe ɖɩlʊlɩyɛ. Pɩwɩlʊʊ se kʊɖɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-kpadɩyaa pɩkɩlɩ ɛyaa nɛ kɩ-tɛ walʊʊ ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe taa tamsɩna kɩ-maɣmaɣ.

Pɩnaɣ 1882 tɛzʊʊ taa, pɩlɩna Louis Pasteur tʊma labʊ yɔɔ lɛ, Robert Koch wɩlɩ keele kpeziwɩlaɣ tɛ ŋñɩɩ cɩkaɣ pɩtɩŋna ɛyʊ tɛ heŋ yɔ. Lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 24 pɩnaɣ 1882 taa, pʊcɔ lɛ, ɛyɔɔdɩna nɛ takayaɣ Pɛrɩlɛɛ taa ajɔɔla kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ ŋgbɛɛ kɛ ŋna pañɩnɩ nɛ patɩlɩ kpeziwɩlaɣ tɛ ŋñɩɩ cɩkaɣ haɖaʊ. Agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 10 esuusi Berliner klinische Wochenschrift taa kɛ tɔm taa tazʊʊ takayaɣ pɩlɩna kpeziwɩlaɣ kʊdɔŋ ɖɩlɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ nɛ ɛkɔŋna ŋñɩɩ cɩkaɣ nakayɛ pana-kɛ ɛyʊ tɛ kpeziwɩlaɣ heŋ nɛ ndatʊ taa.

Kajalaɣ taa lɛ, Johann Lukas Schonlein kaalɛna labɩnaʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ tɔmpiye kpeziwɩlaɣ pɩnaɣ 1839. Kɩlɩna kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ heŋ kʊyʊmɩŋ hɩɖɛ taa kɛnɛ ndɩ yɔ toote (tubercule). Palabɩ-ɖɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɖooo kpaɣdʊ 17 taa nɛ pɩpɩsɩ latɛŋ taa kɛ tuber tɔbʊʊ se canaʊ paɣlaka. Paasɩma kpeziwɩlaɣ nɛ hɩɖɛ ɖɩnɛyɔ se kɩzɩkʊʊ kʊlʊmʊ kpaɣɖʊ 17 alɩwaatʊ nɛ kɩwɛ ɛzɩ kɩzɩkʊʊ kɩkpɛdʊʊ nɛ kʊkʊwaɣ Erɔpʊ tɩŋga alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa.