open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Wisikii

**Wisikii** pɩkɛ ɖama hɛkʊʊ taa hɩɖɛ ndɩ payaɣ. Pɩkɛ wezuu sʊlʊm mbʊ palaba-pʊ nɛ malɩtɩ tɩŋ pee wena pajata yɔ yaa wena a-taa fɛyɩ malɩtɩ yɔ. Wisikii ɖɩlɩyɛ kɛ tɔmʊʊ kʊhɔmʊʊ kɛ Ekɔɔsɩ ɛyaa nɛ Irɩlandɩ ɛyaa pɛhɛkʊ taa. Paaweyi ɛlɩzɩɣ ɛtɩlɩyɛ pɩcɛlɩna canaʊ yɔ.
 
Pʊwayɩ lɛ, patana wisikii ŋgʊ nɛ ajɛyaa kɩfana taa kiŋ (kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Etaazuunii nɛ Kanadaa ajɛyɛ taa). Ɖooo kpaɖʊ 19 tɛ pazɩɣ alɩwaatʊ taa sʊlʊm ɖoŋ mbʊ ɖɩlaɖɛ tɔyɩ Sapɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ wayi wayi ajɛyaa kɩfanaa lɛɛna taa.

Wisikii kɛ Ɛnglɩsɩ tɔmpiye ɖɩlɩna Keltiki kʊnʊŋ taa ndɩ *uisge* Ekɔɔsɩ kʊnʊŋ, *uisce* kɛ Irɩlandɩ kʊnʊŋ taa. Tɔmpiye ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ kɛlɛʊ kɛlɛ se lɩm kɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-nɩɩlɛ ɛ-taa, *uisge beatha* kɛ Ekɔɔsɩ kʊnʊŋ taa nɛ *uisce beatha* kɛ Irɩlandɩ kʊnʊŋ taa tɔbʊʊ se wezuu lɩm nɛ wisikii kɛ Ɛnglɩsɩ kʊnʊŋ taa. Payaɣ se wisikii lɛ, pɩkɛ Ekɔɔsɩ nɛ Kanadaa nɛ nippone pɛtɛ wonduu nɛ palakɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ tɔmpiye ndɩ kɛ Irɩlandɩ nɛ Amerika ajɛyɛ taa.

Pɩlʊʊ kɩfalʊʊ nakʊyʊ lɩwa payaɣ-kʊ se blend wisikii kʊkʊ kɛ lɩm nɛ malɩtɩ pɛtɛ siduu se pɩwɛ leleŋ. Paɖʊʊ pee tɛ ŋgʊ lɛ ɖɔʊ yɔɔ yɔ. Pee tɛ wisikii kɩlɩɣ nɛ tɔyʊʊ mbɩ pʊyɔɔ yɔ kɩtakɩlɩɣ liidiye. Ɖɩcɔna nɛ ɖɩna yɔɔ wisikii pee tɛ ŋgʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ yuŋ yɔɔ kɩsɔzʊʊ leleŋ ɛzɩ malɩtɩ yɔ. Wisikii ŋgʊ pakɩlɩɣ ñɔʊ ajɛyɛ taa.

Wisikii pee tɛ ŋgʊ palaba-kʊ nɛ mʊlʊm pee naayɛ (pile nɗ samɩɖɛ nɛ afʊwanɩ nɛ seigle) nɛ nabʊyʊ taa ɖɔɖɔ malɩtɩ tɛ ɔrɩgɩ. Kʊyʊmbʊ pajatʊʊ-kʊ kɛ anasaayɩ ñɩɣyʊ nakʊyʊ taa. Wisikii ŋgʊ kɩfɛyɩ leleŋ keeke nɛ palakɩ-kʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ keeke kɛ blend waa ɖɩhɔkɩyɛ taa.
 
Sʊlʊm ɖoŋ mbʊ ɖɩlaɖɛ tʊmɩyɛ kʊyʊmɖɩyɛ yeke koŋ pɩzɩna ɖɩpɛdɩ pɩtɛ wonduu ndʊ pʊɖɔɔ sakɩyɛ. Wisikii k ;ke pɩnzɩ sakɩyɛ tɛ kpɛndʊʊ sʊlʊm mbʊ pɩpɩzɩ nɛ kɩwɛna leleŋ kʊyʊmɩŋ paa ɛzɩmtaa yɔ. Ɛlɛ, tʊma sɔsɔna lɛɛna lakɩ pɩnaɣ kʊyʊmaɣ tɛ wisikii.
Wiyaʊ

Kiɖe tɛ lɛ, Kabɩyɛ ñɩma tafɛyɩna kewiyaɣ, ɛlɛ kɛ-nɛyɔ paɖʊ-kɛ ajɛyɛ pajaɣmañʊŋ yɔ alɩwaatʊ taa. Pɩpɩsɩ sɔnzɩ nɛ ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ lɛ, paɖooye lɛ wiyaʊ wɛ pa hɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa agbelaa wena pasɩmayɛ yɔ a-taa. Samaɣ taa ɛyaa lɩzɩna pa-wiyaʊ ɛlɛ, komina taa caɣyaa wɛ nɛ pɔcɔŋna pʊɖɔnɛ taa.
 
Samaɣ taa pa ɛyʊ weyi pɩzɩʊ ɛkɛ wiyaʊ ɛlɛ ŋwɛɣna nangbaŋgʊ hɔm takayaɣ nɛ ŋwɛɣna cɩɖɩ cɩɖɩ wɛtʊ tʊnɛyɔ ɛ-wɛʊ lɔŋ nɛ ɛ-wɛ hɛɛɛ nɛ ɛ-wɛ suɖuu mbʊ pʊyɔ yɔ ɛ-wɛtʊ samaɣ kpaɣkʊ. Pʊyɔɔ lɛ, ɛɖanɛ ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛkɛ wiyaʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pʊwɛ se ŋwɛna nɛ ndɩlɩ ɖɔkʊʊ hɔʊ nɛ pʊcɔ ndɔkɩ samaɣ. Pʊyɔɔ poduu eduuye se ɛyaadʊ payaɣ wiyaʊ. Pʊdɔbʊ se wiyaʊ ɛnʊyɔ ɛwɛna ɛyaa sakɩyɛ.

Sɔnɔ kɩyakɩŋ ɛnɛ ɛtaa yɔ halʊ ɖɔɖɔ pɩzɩʊ ɛkɛ wiyaʊ. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ patʊʊzʊɖʊ tɔm takayaɣ kanɛyɔ ka-da yɔ, halʊ kɛna Piya kantɔŋ wiyaʊ. Ɛyeke ɛsɩmɩna nɛ ɛ-kandʊ sɔŋzɩ. Ɛ-hʊʊ ɛyaa hɛkʊ taa ñɩm nɛ efeletu tɔm. Wiyaʊ hɔŋ ɛyʊ naŋgbaŋgʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ Togo ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʊ pɔzʊʊ yɔ. Ɛyeke koŋ ɛ-hana waɖɛ se pɛɖɛɛ kpɛzɩyɛ.

Wiyaʊ wɛna kɛsɛsɩ nasɩyɛ. Ɛwɛna waɖɛ se ɛcaɣ kewiyaɣ taa sɔsaa cɔlɔ kediisasi sɔsɔsɩ ɖɩlaɖɛ. Wiyaʊ pɩzɩʊ ɛyɔɔdʊʊ sɔsaa tɔm ɖʊhʊyɛ. Ɖooo taa lɛ ɛpɩzɩʊ ɛkpaɣ ɛyaa nɛ dɔŋ nɛ palakɩ tʊma ɖoŋ cɩna ɛ-hayim taa.

Wiyaʊ kewiyaɣ ɛtɛŋ ɛzɩ cɔjɔ ɛlɛ, yee natʊyʊ ɛkpaɖa ɛzɩ ɛ-sʊ kpaŋ yaa ɛ-yʊlʊma yaa ɛ-tɔm natʊyʊ ɛsʊ efeletʊ taa kɔyɔ pɩpɩzɩ piyele nɛ pamʊ kewiyaɣ ɛ-nesi tɛɛ. Ɛlɛ ɛmʊla yaa ɛ-mɩla kɔyɔ paapɩzɩ pɔ-hɔzɩ ɛ-tɛ kewiyaɣ toko.

## Kabɩyɛ kantɔɔnaa awiya
Kabɩyɛ kantɔɔnaa awiya hɩla nɛ pa-kaŋgalafunaa masɩ kɔyɔ :

{| cellpadding="3" class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
! Kantɔŋ
! Wiyaʋ
! Kaŋgalafʋ mayaɣ
|-
! Acaŋkpadɛ
| Ɖajaa Mʋʋzʋʋ Kabanaa Tɔyɩ
| 90 23 55 20
|-
! Awɩnjɩlʋʋ	
| Ɖajaa NABƐDƐ Pɩdɛ
| 90 92 07 75
|-
! Caɖɛ
| Ɖajaa CAŊGAYƖ Kʋjɔʋ
| 91 18 74 82
|-
! Camdɛ
| Ɖajaa ADOM Kʋjɔʋwɛñaŋ
| 90 00 17 75
|-
! Cɩcaʋ
| Ɖajaa PƖDƖƖWANAA Sɩmdɔkɩ
| 90 89 45 33
|-
! Kemeɣa
| Ɖajaa ALI Pekemazɩm
| 90 93 66 44
|-
! Kpɛnzɩndɛɛ
| Ɖajaa SAMA K. Pajaɖɔ
| 90 84 70 07
|-
! Laaza
| Ɖajaa AZUMAƉƆ Cuwa
| 90 31 48 07
|-
! Lamaa
| Ɖajaa MINZA B. Yomaa
| 90 20 90 69
|-
! Landaa
| Ɖajaa SƆŊGAYƖ Palakiyem
| 90 73 65 81
|-
! Piya
| Ɖoɖoo KPIKI Esɔham
| 90 04 89 62
|-
! Pɔɔʋ
| Ɖajaa TUKA Kpacaa
| 90 23 56 75
|-
! Saɖaɣkawa
| Ɖajaa KUƉUMTA Kpasi
| -
|-
! Somdinaa	
| Ɖajaa AWULI Calɩmdabalʋ
| -
|-
! Yaɣdɛ
| Ɖajaa TELUU Sama
| 90 98 74 43
|-
Wiyaʋ Louis 14

Louis XIV kɛ Fransɩɩ tʊ. Palʊlɩ-ɩ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ ɛjaɖɛ kewiyaɣ ɖaɣ nakʊ ñɩŋgaɣ taa kɛ Saint-Germain-en-Laye kɛ evemiye kagbanzɩ ŋgʊ wiye salaŋ fenaɣ taa kɛ pɩnaɣ 1638. Nɛ ɛsɩ kɔɔnɔɔ evemiye wiye salaŋ fenaɣ taa kɛ pɩnaɣ 1715 kɛ Versailles kɛ Fransɩɩ peeɖe. Ɛɛ-kɛ Fransɩɩ nɛ Navarre pɛdɛ wiyau sɔsɔ. Pɩgbaʊ nɛ evemiye hiu nɛ naanaza agoza fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1643 yɔ, Louis XIV ka-kɛnaɣ Fransɩɩ nɛ Navarre paa-ɛjɛɛ kewiyaɣ ɖiuu pɩkɔ pɩtalɩ ɛsɩm wiye kɛ kɔɔnɔɔ evemiye wiye salaŋ fenaɣ taa kɛ pɩnaɣ 1715. 

Ɛ-caa kɛ payaɣ se Louis XIII nɛ ɛ-ɖoo kɛlɛ Anne d'Autriche. Ɛwɛnaɣ halaa naalɛ nɛ piya loɖo. Ɛ-caa sɩm wayɩ lɛ, ɛ-pɩɣa Né Louis weyi ɛtasaɣ sɛʊ hɩɖɛ se Dieudonné, kʊɖʊm ɛnʊ lɛ Louis XIV, kpaɣ kewiyaɣ kpelaɣ. Fenasɩ pasɩ wayi lɛ, pɩcɔ ɛlakaɣ ɛtɛ pɩnzɩ kagbanzɩ yɔɔ tɔsʊʊ lɛ, ɛ-kakɛ pɩnzɩ hiŋ loɖo nɛ naanaza tʊ tʊ kɛʊ wiyau kɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ kewiyaɣ kpelaɣ yɔ, nɛ hiŋ naanaza nɛ naanaza wiyau kɛ Navarrɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ wiyau naadozo tʊ kɛ Bourbons waɣ hɔlʊ taa kɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Louis XIV caɣ kewitu pɩnzɩ hiŋ lʊbɛ nɛ naalɛ nɛ fenasɩ naadozo nɛ avema hiu nɛ lutozo. Ɛ-kewitu tʊ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, kɛ pɩyʊ kem kɛ ɖeɖe tɔm hɔlʊ taa kɛ anasaayɩwaa tɛ.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart kɛ Caama ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ taa abalʋ nɔɔyʋ. Ɛkɛ soo lɩzɩyʋ nɛ wendu lubuyu sɔsɔ. Eteu nɛ ɛmakɩ nɛ pʋɖʋ pɩ-taa camɩyɛ. Palʋla-ɩ egeetiye nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Salzbourg yɔ ɖɩ-taa. Egeetiye nɖɩ, ɖɩkɛ ɛjaɖɛ wiyau pɩyalʋ waɖɛ yaa ɖoŋ lone ɖomuu tʋ lone kiɖeɖeye (Saint-Empire romain germanique).

Ɛ-lʋlʋkʋ alɩwaatʋ kaakɛ efemiye hiŋ naalɛ nɛ lʋbɛ (27) n̄ɩŋʋ wiye kɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1756 taa. Ɛsɩba egeetiye nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ size Fɩyɛɛnɩ yɔ ɖɩ-taa kɛ efemiye kagbanzɩ (5) n̄ɩŋʋ wiye saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ taa kɛ pɩnaɣ 1791 taa.

Ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ hiŋ naadozo nɛ kagbanzɩ yaa niidozo nɛ kagbanzɩ lɛ ɛsɩba. Ɛka laba tʋmɩyɛ siŋŋ nɛ pɩcɔ ɛsɩkɩ. Eyeba keveŋga nɛ maɣzɩm sɔsɔm ɛsɩm wayɩ. Ɛtʋma ɛzɩ 626 wɛ tɛlɛŋga yaa ɖaɖɛ taa kɛ pɩlʋʋ ŋgʋ payaɣ-kʋ size Köchel yɔ kɩ-taa. Ɛtʋma kpeekpe taa payɩ lɛ, ɖɩna se, eluba wendu ɛtɛ ɛlɩzɩ soo ɖɔɖɔ nɛɛtɛ alɩwaatʋ wɛɛ taa.

Ɛ-wɛɛ taa aseɣɖe lɩzɩyaa lɩza nɛ pawɩlɩ size, ɛkɛkɛ piyaanoo maɖʋ, ɛtɛ ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ keɖeɣya tʋmɩyɛ laɖʋ weyi pɩhayɩ yɔ, ɛkɛ siŋŋ ɖɔɖɔ fiolɔ (violon) maɖʋ. Ɖɩsɩma camɩyɛ mbʋ size, ɛtasa nesi ɖʋ siŋŋ kɛ kɔnserto, nɛ pɩtasɩna weŋgalaɣ loyisi sɩnɛ yɔ (symphonie nɛ sonate) pa-taa.
Sɛmɩŋ

Sɛmɩŋ kɛna tomnaɣ wɛɖʊʊ nakʊyʊ nɛ kɩwɛ kɛsɛmɩŋ wɛ caʊʊ nɛ kɛnaɣ poliŋ sɩŋŋŋ. Sɛmɩŋ wɛ tomnasɩ nzɩ sɩwɛ cɩŋ cɩŋwɛɖʊʊ yɔ. Yee pesida kʊlʊmŋ tomnaɣ nɛ kɩsɛmɩŋ ñɩŋga ɖoli kʊɖʊym kɔyɔ, tomnaɣ wɛɖʊ ŋgʊ pɩpɩsɩɣ yɔ kɩwɛʊ caʊʊʊ yaa ɛzɩ hʊlʊʊ tɩyɛ yɔ. Sɛmɩŋ wɛɖʊ nɛ tɩŋ hatʊ wɛɖʊ poposina ɖama sɩŋŋŋ. 

Pɩsa nɛ tomnasɩ sɛmɩŋ yaa tomnasɩ wɛɛ ndɩ ndɩ pɩɖɔɔ lɛ, pesidiɣ sɛmɩŋ maɣmaɣ nɛ ɛzɩ tɩŋ hatʊ sɛmɩŋ nɛ yuulee sɛmɩŋ ɖoli kʊɖʊm. Yee pesida tɔlɩm nabʊyʊ nɛ sɛmɩŋ maɣmaɣ ɖɔɖɔ kɔyɔ sɛmɩŋ ɛnʊ ɛlɛɣzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ ɛkpaɣ tomnaɣ ŋga yɔ, kɛwɛʊ maɖʊmaɖʊ. 

Sɔnzɩ hɔɔlɩŋ nɩyɛ taa lɛ, tomnasɩ tɔlɩm kpɛnda naatozo ɖeke nɛ ɩnɩɩyɔ: piyiŋ tomnaɣ nɛ ɛ-taa kɔyɔ kɩkpɛdɩm, hɔlɩmɩŋ tomnaɣ nɛ ɛlɛ taa kɔyɔ kʊlʊmɩŋ layɩlayɩ tomnaɣ nɛ naputozo taa lɛ, maɖʊmaɖʊ tomnaɣ nɛ panaɣ ɛ-taa kɛ kɩsɛɛmɩm cɩŋcɩŋ. Tomnasɩ sɛmŋ ɩnʊ ɩtɩŋga ɩkpɛnda lʊbɛ nɛ pekpeɣla-ɩ kɔyɔ ɩwɛ mbʊ payaɣ se kaayʊʊ yɔ kɩ-taa.


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File:20140702-0117 Angel Stadium.JPG|thumb|20140702-0117 Angel Stadium
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File:Kehole Red.jpg|thumb|Kehole Red
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File:Velas en una iglesia.JPG|thumb|Velas en una iglesia
Kɩbɩnjaazɩ Room

Kɩbɩnjaazɩ Room kɛ ɖɔɖɔ Room tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ maɣmaɣ kɛ kɩbɩnjaazɩ alɩwaatʊ taa. Paapɩzɩ patʊɣʊ kɩbɩnjaazɩ Room lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɛ latɛŋ ɛsakuliye. Ɛyaa agbeela a-naa kpaɣɖʊ 8 alɩwaatʊ pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesu Chrɩstʊ yeba nɛ kɩwa hɛkʊ taa ɛwadɩyɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Erɔpʊ Wɩsɩ Ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ kpaɣna kajalaɣ kpaɣɖʊ ŋkɔɔ ntalɩ kpaɣɖʊ kɩgbaanzɩ pɩlɩna sɔjɔnaa yoŋ wabɩtʊ nɛ kokasɩ taa takayasɩ tɛ kɩpaɣlaa tɛ ɖama kpɛndʊʊ.

Kɩ-tɛ wabɩtʊ yeba kɩbɩnjaazɩ wondu yuŋ ndʊ nɛ matʊ tɛ aseɣɖe tɔm sakɩyɛ. Kɩlɛza kpɛlɩ wɩsɩ taa ɛsakuliye wɛtʊ nɛ pɩcaɣ mbʊ tam. Kpaɣnɛ ɖooo kpaɖɩŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-tɛ alɩwaatʊ, Room ɛsakuliye lɩ wiyaʊ kʊyʊm kewiyaɣ nesi tɛ nɛ pɩpɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɛyaa kpeekpe tɛ kewiyaɣ nɛ pɩtalɩna ajɛyɛ pajaɣ mɔyɔɔ ñʊʊ tʊ kʊyʊm kewiitu.
 
Ajɛyɛ pacaɣ ma-ñʊʊ yɔɔ ana ɖɩyaɣ se Ampiiri tɛ kiɖe ɖʊʊ pɩtɩŋna Auguste kɛna alɩwaatʊ kɩfatʊ ndʊ Room yoŋ wabɩtʊ talɩ ɛjaɖɛ kamaɣ yɔ ndʊ ɖɩɩsɩma ɖooo canaʊ yɔ nɛ ɖenɖe Krɛkɩ tɛ ɛsakuliye caɣ Roma ɛsakuliye yɔɔ hɔɔlʊʊ yɔɔ yɔ, ɖɩ-tɛ ɖoŋ kpaɣ alɩwaatʊ pɩɖalɩɣ pɩtalɩ ajɛyɛ lɛnaa wena pamʊ a-tɛtʊ yɔ. Kpaɣna kpaɣɖʊ 3 alɩwaatʊ ɛyaa mɛɛsa tokuli waa nabɛyɛ sʊʊ tuda nɛ hɔzɩŋ Room ɛjaɖɛ taa.
 
Ɛyaa mba palɩna Erɔpʊ nɛ Hayi kiŋ ajɛyɛ taa nɛ Azii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Pɩsa nɛ palʊbɩna-wɛ lɛ, pɩkɛ-wɛ kɩjɛyʊʊ se patʊlɩ kaɖɩsɩ tʊma ɖɩlaɖɛ nɛ sɔɔja naa tʊma, mbʊ pɩtapɩzɩɣ pɩɖaŋ kpaɣɖʊ 4 alɩwaatʊ tɛ ñɩlɩ ñɩlɩ lɛɛzɩtʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ paɖʊʊ Ɛsɔ tɔm nɛ pɩpɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛ kewiyaɣ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ. Pɩkpana Wɩsɩ Ɖɩlɩyɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Wɩsɩ Ɖɩɖʊyɛ ɛjaɖɛ tɛ tɛyʊʊ pɩnaɣ 395 alɩwaatʊ kodudaɣ yon nɩɩyɛ ɖɩzaɣ Wɩsɩ Ɖɩɖʊyɛ tɛ Ampiiri naa pɩnaɣ 476 alɩwaatʊ taa.
          
Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩm pɩlɩna ɛzɩma laŋhɛzɩyɛ fɛyi ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa hɛkʊ taa mbʊ lɛ, Ampiiri wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa wɛ Hispanie nɛ Gaule nɛ Bretagne nɛ Afrika na Hayi kiŋ nɛ Itaali yɔ, pɛtɛyɩ ɖama nɛ paa ɛjaɖɛ ndɩ lɛ, ɖɩwɛɛ ɖɩ-tɩyɔɔ kɛ kpaɣɖʊ 5 tɛmtʊ alɩwaatʊ taa. Ampiiri wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa hɔɔlʊʊ kpaɣna Constantinople nɛ ntalɩ Krɛsɩ nɛ Anatolie nɛ Siiri nɛ Egipiti paawɛ kʊñɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa.
Wɩsɩ

**Wɩsɩ**  (kɩɖaʊ: , payaɣ-sɩ 'sol' nɛ Latɛŋ taa, nɛ 'Heλιος' (Helios) Krɛkɩ taa) kɛ mbʋ mbʋ pʋcɔ ɛsɔmɩnʋʋ nɛ pɩta yɔ, pɩ-tɩɩŋa. Wɩsɩ kɛ mbʋ mbʋ pʋcɔɔ pɩta ḿbʋ yɔ, pɩ-taa kaabʋwaɣ. Sɩ-tɔlɩm wɛ ɛzɩ sʋtʋ lɩm yɔ. Panaɣ mbʋ payaɣ se, Hɩdrɔzɛnɩ nɛ hélium yɔ sɩ-taa. Si-yuŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, Hɩdrɔzɛnɩ kpaɣ 74% yaa 92,1% sɩ-maɣzʋʋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Hélium n̄akpaɣ 24% si-huŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa yaa 7,8% sɩ-maɣzʋʋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Tɛtʋ nɛ ɛsɔmɩnʋʋ tɛɛ pʋdʋnaa lɛlaa lʋbɛ pɔcɔʋ-sɩ nɛ pataŋ. Pʋtʋnaa cikpema nabɛyɛ ɖɔɖɔ kagbaanzɩ nɛ mbʋ payaɣ se, asɩtɛrowidi nɛ kɔmɛɛtɩ waa yɔ sakɩyɛ nɛ mʋzʋʋ nakʋyʋ pɔcɔʋ-sɩ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ patɩŋ. Mbʋ pʋwɛ ɛsɔmɩnʋʋ tɛɛ payɩ yɔ, pɩ-taa lɛ, wɩsɩ kpaɣ si-ɖeke 99,86% pu-huŋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa nɛ mbʋ pɩkazaa yɔ, pɛtɛyɩ pu-yuŋ tam naadozo taa yɔ, pʋdʋ weyi payaɣ se, Siipitɛɛrɩ yɔ, ɛ́lɛ n̄akpakɩɣ pɩkɩlɩ hɔɔlɩŋ naalɛ.

Wɩsɩ n̄akɩ nɛ ɖoŋ weyi sɩhaɣ yɔ, ɛnʋ yekina nɛ ɛyʋ caɣ wezuu Tɛtʋ yɔɔ cɩnɛ. Ɛlɛ, mʋntʋsʋʋ tɛ ɖoŋ nɛ soŋaɣ n̄ɩŋ peyekina nɛ lɩm wɛɣ nɛ tɩŋ lʋlʋʋ pe. Mbʋ payaɣ se, UV solaire yɔ, yee lɩm mbʋ pikpeŋ lɔɔŋ taa yem yaa pɩcakɩ habɩŋ taa yɔ, pɩtakɩlɩ cʋʋʋ yɔ, ḿbʋ kʋʋna kʋdɔmɩŋ pe pɩ-taa. Tɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ  nɛ n̄ɩtʋ ndɩ ndɩ sakɩyɛ patɩŋɩɣna ɛzɩma mbʋ Fenaɣ yaa lɩm peyeki nɛ mʋntʋsʋʋ ŋgʋ wɩsɩ haɣ yɔ kɩlɛɣzɩɣ yɔ pʋ-yɔɔ nɛ papaɣlɩɣ. 

Wɩsɩ n̄akɩ n̄aɣʋ mbʋ yɔ piyekina ɖɔɖɔ nɛ soŋaɣ nɛ niikaɣ pa-alɩwaatʋ wɛɛ ndɩ ndɩ hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ taa. Toovenim lɛ, n̄alɩmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩn̄andɩɣ Tɛtʋ yɔɔ yɔ, ɖi-miŋ 99,97% yaa 99,98% lɩɣna wɩsɩ cɔlɔ. Ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ wondu lɛɛtʋ tɩŋa yɔ, ḿbʋ ɖɔɖɔ n̄alɩmɩyɛ ɖoŋ ɛnɩ ɛlɩɣ ɛsɔmɩnʋʋ tɛɛ miŋ kɩsɛmɩŋ weyi paanaɣ-ɩ yɔ ɛ-tɩyɛ. Pʋ-yɔɔ Tɛtʋ wɛ ti-ɖeɖe ɖiɣɖiɣ. 

Wɩsɩ kɛ mbʋ pʋwɛ tɩɩnzɩ hɛkʋ taa payɩ yɔ pɩ-taa lɛɛbʋ. Tɩɩnzɩ ńzɩ sɩkpɛndɩ ɛzɩ kudokiŋ agbaba 234 yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 2009 taa pan̄ɩnaa nɛ pana ḿbʋ: Ɛsɔmɩnʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩwɛ tɩɩnzɩ wayɩ yɔ. Wɩsɩ wɛ mbʋ payaɣ se parallaxe-seconde yɔ pʋ-tam 15 nɛ siposina tɩɩnzɩ ɛzɩ parallaxe-secondes waa 8.500 yɔ (pʋwɛ ɛzɩ  mbʋ payaɣ se année-lumière yɔ tam 26.000.

Wɩsɩ posina Tɛtʋ ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa 149.597.870 ḿbʋ yɔ . Pʋmʋʋ cɛcɛsɩ 8 nɛ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm waa 19 nɛ pʋcɔ Wɩsɩ tɛ n̄alɩmɩyɛ talɩ Tɛtʋ yɔɔ lɛ.

=Tɔmpiye « wɩsɩ » lɩna le ?=
=Ɖɩ-tɔm=
=Sɩ-wɛtʊ=
=Kɩyakɩŋ sɔsɔŋ=
=Tɔm ndʊ tɩlaba tɩ-tɩ yɔɔ yɔ=
## Ɛzɩma sɩlɩwa yɔ
## Ɛzɩma sɩlɛɣzɩɣ yɔ
=Ɛzɩma sɩwɛɛ nɛ ɛzɩma sɩlakɩ tʊmɩyɛ yɔ=

## Si-tomiye
## Ɖenɖe sɩ-mʊntʊzʊŋ lɩɣna yɔ
## Ɖenɖe si-miŋ lɩɣna yɔ
## Ɖenɖe sɩ-mʊntʊsʊŋ ̃nɔʊ yɔ
## Mbʊ pʊcɔ-sɩ nɛ pɩta yɔ
### Mbʊ pɩma sɛndʊ mbʊ pʊcɔ-sɩ nɛ pɩta yɔ pʊ-yɔɔ yɔ
### Sɩ-walanzɩ
### Mbʊ payaɣ se eliyɔsɩfɛɛrɩ (héliosphère) yɔ
=Sɩ-tʊmɩyɛ=
## Sɩ-hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa nɛ mbʊ payaɣ se ɛɛmaɣ yɔ
## Sɩ-asuluma ndɩ ndɩ
## Sɩlɩɣ lɩʊ mbʊ yɔ
## Tɛtʊ yeki nɛ sɩ-tʊmɩyɛ lɛɣzʊʊ lɛɣzʊʊ mbʊ yɔ
=Sɩ-wɛtʊ=
=Sɩ nɛ ɛyʊ=

## Pɔcɔna-sɩ nɛ pamaɣzɩ sɩ-yɔɔ ndʊ yɔ pʊ-tɔm
### Mba pasɩma camɩyɛ sɩ-tɔm yɔ
## Ɛyʊ cɔŋna-sɩ nɛ mbʊ pɩtalɩɣ ɛ-ɛza yɔ
### Pɔcɔŋnaʊ-sɩ nɛ ɛza pe yem yɔ
### Paɖʊʊ ɛzañɩnɩŋ nɩɩyɛ nɛ pʊcɔ pɔcɔŋna-sɩ yɔ
### Aliki-Ɛsɔ waa

### Sɩ-ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ sɩ-ɖɩɖʊyɛ
=Tɔm ndʊ poluba sɩ-yɔɔ yɔ=
=Takayɩhayʊʊ tɛɛ tɔm nɛ ɖenɖe panaɣ-tʊ yɔ=
## Takayɩhayʊʊ tɛɛ tɔm
## Ɖenɖe panaɣ-tʊ yɔ
=Ɩcɔna ɖɔɖɔ=
## Tɔm lɛɛtʊ
## Awayɩ kpasɩ 09:27, 16 February 2016 (UTC)
Wɩsɩ kɔyɛ

Wɩsɩ kɔyɛ kɛ ñɩɣyʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩlɩna Aazii tɛtʋ wandamm taa yɔ ki-liɖe kɛ Zingiber nɛ kɩ-tɛ nɛ Zingiberaceae tɩmʊʊ liɖe taa. Palakɩ kililaa nɛ tʊmɩyɛ ɖɩtɩzɩyɛ taa nɛ kabɩyɛ kɔ tʊmɩyɛ ɖɩlaɖɛ taa. Pɩtɛ tɛtɛɛ liɖe ɖɩkɛ sɔzɩŋ pʊyʊʊ weyi paɖʊʊ ɖozi taa ɖɩtɩzɩyɛ taa kɛ Aazii tɛtʋ wandamm taa yɔ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Ɛɛndɩ tɔɔnasɩ ɖɩlaɖɛ taa. Palakɩ-ɖɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ kɛ ginger ale ɖɩlaɖɛ nɛ cakam cakam naa ɛzɩ sɔzɩŋ kpɔnɔ. Wɩsɩ kɔyɛ kɛ sɔŋgaɣ ɛjaɖɛ ñɩɣyʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩɖazʊʊ lɔŋ nɛ kʊ-kʊkʊyʊmɩŋ maɣna mɛta naa 0,90 nɛ kɩñɔ liɖe yɔɔ kɛnɛ.

Hatʊ wɛ kpɩzɩŋ nɛ tɩwɛɛ kɩgbɛzɛŋ tɩyɛ nɛ piyuu tɩyɛ, tɩɖalɩɣ nɛ tɩwɛ sɔzɩŋ. Ɖɩ-hɛtʊ hʊlɩma nɛ tɩwɛ sʊtʊ sɛmɩŋ takɩŋ takɩŋ cɩɩɩ ndomaa yɔ. Hatʊ cikpetʊ ndʊ tuhuzuu hoka ŋga kagba nɛ ɛsɔ yɔ tɩwɛ tɩŋ hatʊ kpɛɖɩŋ nɛ sʊtʊ sɛmɩŋ. Ɖɩ-tɛŋ hɛtʊ lɩzʊʊ lɛ, ñʊʊ kobi nakʊyʊʊ lɩʊʊ kɩ-taa nɛ pee kɩkpɛdaa. Pee a-naa awɛ pɔyɩŋ weyi ɛwɩlɩɣ lɛ, ɛyaɣ yɔ ɛ-taa kɛ pɔyaa camɖɩyɛ yɔ. Ɖɩsɔɔlɩ wɩsɩ nɛ niikaɣ tɛtʊ. Ɖɩ-tɛ paɣlʊʊ wɛ lɔŋ lɔŋ nɛ puhukuu sakɩyɛ pɩtɩŋnɛ lilaa tɛ tɛyʊʊ cɔlɔ.

Ɛyʊ kaatɔkɩ wɩsɩ kɔyɛ ndɩ pɩwɛ ɛzɩ mɩŋ ñakɩŋ yɔ, pɩlɩnɛ shogaol nɛ paradol nɛ zingérone tɛ wɛʊ kɛ wɩsɩ kɔyɛ taa. Gingérol tɛ kpeɣluu kɛ pɩyʊʊ siŋ wɩsɩ kɔyɛ lɛɛŋ ndɛ taa ɛlɛ, ɛwɛ ñɩɩɩ kɛ kɩwɩlɩyɛ taa ɛlɛ, shogaol ñɔsɔzɩ. Wɩsɩ lilaa kɩfanaa (wenaa akɛ lilaa pʊtɔbʊʊ se akɛ tɛtɛɛ lilaa) taa wɛ leleŋ lɩm nɛ mʊtʊ nɛ pɩwɛ leleŋ camɩyɛ.

 
Sapɔŋ ɖɩtɩzɩyɛ taa lɛ, palakɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ wɩsɩ kɔyɛ kisidiye kɛ mɔʊ tɛ fɩnɛkɩrɩ nɛ gali padaa. Palakɩ-ɖɩ tʊmɩyɛ se pɛhɛzɩna agɔmaa ɖɩya sɔsɔɔ kɛ sushi nandʊʊ tɔʊ taa. Ɛɛndɩ ɖɩtɩyɛ ɖɩkɛ sɔzɩŋ pɩyʊʊ nɛ paɖʊʊ ɖozi ɛzɩ masala yaa vindalin. Siini ɖɩtɩzɩyɛ taa wɩsɩ kɔyɛ lilaa wazʊʊ se palʊbɩna sɔŋ nɛ mʊzʊŋ weyi ɛkɩlɩɣ ɖoŋ ɛzɩ kpakpasɩ teŋgʊʊ tɛ tɩŋ pee nɛ kelemaa nɛ heŋ (ɛ-nɛ yɔ, ouigour tɛ tɩzʊʊ ɖɔŋ yɔ lɛ, pɛlɛzɩɣ wɩsɩ kɔyɛ nɛ cumin).

Pɔtɔkɩ wɩsɩ kɔyɛ tɛ hatʊ nɛ ɖɩ-tɛ hosii nzɩ sɩñɔʊ lilaa. Paɖʊʊ tii taa nɛ pɩwɛʊ sɔzɩŋ kɛ Suwahilii nɛ Corée. Pɔyɔkɩ wɩsɩ kɔyɛ ɖɔɖɔ Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ɛzɩ leleŋ lɩm kɩñazɩm (sikiri). Payaɣ-kʊ se gnammankoudji  nɛ pamazʊʊ se pɩkɛ sʊlʊm mbʊ piseɣtuu ɛyʊ kʊzʊʊ hɔɔlʊʊ taa yɔ.
 
Wɩsɩ kɔyɛ tɛ anasaayɩ sʊlʊm (soda ŋgʊ kɩ-taa fɛyɩ sʊlʊm ɖoŋ mbʊ) palaba-pʊ nɛ Jamaique nɛ pasɩm-pʊ nɛ Ɛnglɩsɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se ginger beer. Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, Jarnac taa, Charente kuduyuu tɛɛ palakɩ wɩsɩ kɔyɛ sʊlʊm nabʊyʊʊ nɛ payaɣ-pʊ se Domaine de Canton Ginger Liqueur .
Wɩsɩ kʋdɔŋ

Payaɣ wɩsɩ kʋdɔŋ ɖɔɖɔ se pʋtʋ kʋdɔŋ. Kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ ɛzɩ kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ payaɣ se plazmodɩyɔm yɔ, nɖɩ haɣna wɩsɩ kʋdɔŋ. Pɔɖʋʋ halɩn̄ɩŋgʋ ŋgʋ payaɣ se anofɛɛlɩ yɔ n̄asɩɣna ɛyʋ nɛ kɩɖɛsɩ-ɩ kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ kɩn̄asɩɣ ɛyʋ weyi wɩsɩ kʋdɔŋ kpa-ɩ yɔ, kɩn̄ɔʋ ɛ-calɩm taa kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ nɛ kiwolo kɩn̄asɩ weyi wɩsɩ kʋdɔŋ takpa-ɩ yɔ nɛ kɩɖɛzɩ ɛlɛɛ kʋdɔŋ piye nɖɩ nɛ ɛlɛ tɔlɩ kʋdɔŋ kpaakpaa. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ wɩsɩ kʋdɔŋ piye sʋʋ ɛyʋ calɩm taa yɔ, ɖɩkʋʋ ɛyʋ calɩm taa tooto pe wena alʋkɩna kʋdɔmɩŋ yɔ.

Pɩnaɣ 2013 taa wɩsɩ kʋdɔŋ kpa ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ waa 207 nɛ pa-taa lɛ, ɛyaa 627 000 hiɣ sɩm. Yee mbʋ wɩsɩ kʋdɔŋ kɩlɩɣna ɛyaa kʋʋ kedeŋ yɔɔ cɩnɛ. Piya nzɩ sɩtatalɩda pɩnzɩ kagbaanzɩ yɔ nɛ halaa hosi tɩnaa wɩsɩ kʋdɔŋ kɩlɩɣ kʋʋ. Ajɛya wena awɛ Sahara nɛ pɩ-tɛɛ Afrɩka hɔɔlʋʋ taa yɔ, a-ɛyaa mɩnʋʋ yɔɔ lɛ, wɩsɩ kʋdɔŋ kpa ɛyaa 80.
Yamusukro

Yamusokro kɛŋa Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ natʊyʊ. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ lɛ Kootidiivʊwarɩ. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1983 taa kɛ Yamusokro pɩsa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwalanzɩ landammm taa wɛ ɛzɩ ɛkɩtaarɩnaa 350 000 yaa kilomɛtanaa 35 000 nɛ pɩnaɣ 2010 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊ kɛ peeɖe lɛ, pana ɛyaa 362 000.
 
Kotidiivuwari ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, Yamusokro kɛŋna tɛtʊ kagbanzɩ ñɩndʊ kɛ ɛyaa ɖɖoʊ taa. Pʊtɔbʊ se ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛjaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ, ndʊ lɛ: Abɩɩjaŋ, Puwake, Taalowa nɛ Korogo. Kottidiivuwaari ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ kpɛnda natʊlɛ: Abɩɩjaŋ tɛtʊ nɛ Yamusokro ñɩndʊ. 

Ɖooo lɛ, Abɩɩjnaŋ kaakɛŋna Kotidiivuwaari ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ndʊ tɩɩkɛ politiki tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ yɔ. Kpaɣna pɩnaɣ 1983 lɛ, Yamusokro pɩsɩna politiki nɛ komina tʊma sɔsɔna  wɛɛ; piyele nɛ Abɩɩjaŋ kɛna ñɛkɛna tɔsʊʊ nɛ ɛsɩndaa wobu tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ.

Ɖooo lɛ, tɛtʊ ndʊ payawaɣ sɔnɔ Yamusokro mbʊ yɔ, payawaɣ-tʊ se Ŋgokro. Payaʊ-tʊ hɩɖɛ kɩfaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ yɔ, tetʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Pawule yɔ tɩ-tɛ Abiɖe nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Yamoussou yɔ, ɛnʊ paɖʊ hɩɖɛ nɛ payaatʊ nɛ ɖɩ-hɩɖɛ; piyele kro tɔbʊʊ nɛ Pawule kʊnʊŋ taa se haɖaa yaa egeetiye. 

Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛna Kotidiivuwari ɛjaɖɛ hɛkʊ taa ɖeyi ɖeyi nɛ tɩñɔtɩna ɖenɖe payaɣ se payaɣ se Lɩŋgamʊʊ yɔ. Pɩposina Abɩɩjaŋ tɛtʊ nɛ kilomɛtanaa 248 yɔ. Ɛzɩ ajɛya lɛɛna taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ñɩnɩɣ se tɩɖʊ taabalɩyɛ nɛ lɛɛna taa ñɩndʊ se paɖʊ taabalɩyɛ nɛ pala tʊma kʊɖʊma yɔ, Yamusokro tɛtʊ nɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa ñɩndʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Luzaricɛsɩ yɔ nɛ Purkina Fasoo ñɩnɖɛ taa ñɩndʊ ndʊ payaɣ se Kʊdʊgʊ yɔ, paɖʊ taabalɩyɛ nɛ palakɩ tʊma kʊɖʊma. 

Payaɣ Yamusokro maalika yɔɔ cɔnayʊ se Gnrangbé Kouakou Kouadio nɛ palɩsa-ɩ pɩnaɣ 2012 nɛ pɩnaɣ 2017 taa kɛ ɛkʊyʊ; e-kpelaɣ yɔɔ nɛ pɛlɛɛzɩ kɩfalʊ.
Yangzi Jiang pɔɔ

Yangzi Jiang (Sinuwa kɛlɛʊ taa lɛ: 扬子江, sɔnzɩ tɛ Sinuwa tɛ lɛ: 揚子江) kɛ pɔɔ ŋga kakɩlɩɣ ɖaɣlʊʊ Aazii kedeŋga taa yɔ. Ka-ɖalakɩŋ maɣna ɛzɩ kilomɛta waa 6.380. Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, payaɣ pɔɔ ŋga se tɔlɩm kɩkpɛdɩm pɔɔ yaa Yaŋ-cɛ-Kɩyaŋ yaa Yaŋ-cɛ.
 
Pɔɔ hoɖe ɛzɩ 30 000 m3/s, kɛ ɖalakɩŋ kɩkɩlɩm taa lɩm pɔɔ natozo ŋga ɛjaɖɛ taa pɔɔsɩ kɩɖalasɩ taa Amazonii nɛ Niili pɔɔsɩ wayi. Kalɩna Tɩbɛtɩ nɛ mɛta waa 6621 kɛ Taŋkuula pʊŋ sɔsɔŋ taa ɛjaɖɛ ɛsɩndaa ɖɔmpɛ tɛ nɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ ɖɔmpɛ tiba tɩ-yɔ yɔ.
 

 
Kɛdɛzʊʊ kilomɛta waa 6380 pʊcɔ kɛkpɛndɩ Siini wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa teŋgʊʊ taa, Saŋkayi nɛ hayi kɩŋ Siini tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Kɛtɛzʊʊ na kinghai kewiyaɣ tɛtʊ taa nɛ Yunnan nɛ Sichuan nɛ Hubei nɛ Jiangxi nɛ Anhui nɛ Jiangsu nɛ kɛtɛzʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ Chongqing nɛ Nankin nɛ Caŋhayi agbeela sɔsɔna tɛtʊ.
 


Kɛ-tɛ kpeem taa lɛ, kamʊʊ pɔɔsɩ kɩkpɛdasɩ mɩnɩŋ lʊbɛ tɛ lɩm nɛ pɩpɩsɩ lɩm kajataɣ kpɛlɛkʊʊ fɛʊʊ kilomɛta waa miiliyɔɔ waa 1,8 kpɛɛ ko. Paa pɩnaɣ ŋga lɛ, kɛwɛna se kapɩyʊʊ lɩm megbaŋ kudoku Siini teŋguu taa nɛ pɩkɔŋna mʊʊzʊŋ sakɩyɛ pɔɔ nɔɔ yɔ.
Yasʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ (Chirurgie)

Yasʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ kɛ mʊyɩsʊʊ yaa fɛbɩtʊ tʊmɩyɛ tomnaɣ taa yaa tomnaɣ yɔɔ pɩtɩŋna yasʊʊ nɛ ñɛyɩtʊ pɔ-yɔɔ. Yasʊyʊ kɛ alaafɩya ñɩnɩɣ nɔmɔʊ taa tʊmɩyɛ laɖʊ nɛ ɛsɩma nɛ ɛyasʊʊ ɛyaa (fɛɖʊ keeke nɛ kela tɛ fɛɖʊ nɛ kpɩna tɛ fɛɖʊ). Palaba ɛyʊ yɔɔ tʊmɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ pɩlɩna yasʊʊ yɔ kɔyɔ pɔtɔŋ se palaba-ɩ tʊmɩyɛ.

Tɔmɩŋ ɖɩlɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ lɛ, yasɩyaa lakɩna yasʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ papɩzɩɣ palɩzɩɣ tɔbʊʊ se pɩkɛ tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ palakɩ-ɖɩ nɛ nesi yɔ. Ɖɩlɩna Krɛkɩ taa χειρουργια (kheirourgia) χειρ (kheir) nesi nɛ εργον (ergon) tʊmɩyɛ. Pɩtɛ lakasɩ nzɩ sɩɩwɛ ɖooo lɔŋ pʊcɔ canaʊ tɔm nɛ mɔɔ hʊyʊʊ tɛ labɩyɛ nɛ tɩpaɣlɩɣ sakɩyɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa.

Tʊmɩyɛ ndɩ ɖɩ-tɛ paɣlʊʊ nɛ ɛsɩndaa ɖɛnaʊ kaahiɣ tɩlasɩ sakɩyɛ pɩlɩna wɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ yɔ, ɛlɛ pɩɖala siŋ kɔyɔ yasɩyaa pɛkɛsɩ-wɛ kɩjaʊ tʊmɩyɛ laɖaa hɛkʊʊ taa nɛ pɛ-tɛ ɖɔnʊʊ alaafɩya ñɩnɩɣ nɔmɔʊ taa taawɛ ɖeu alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa. Kpaɣna kpaɣdʊ 19 kɛ tʊma sakɩyɛ kɔma asʊʊ pɩtŋna alaafɩya hɔɔlʊʊ taa ɛzɩ kɩcɩkpɩŋ nɛ politikii tɔm nɛ Ɛsɔ sɛʊ nɛ lɛɛɣtʊ tʊma kpɛlɛkʊʊ tɛ. Ɛyaa mba pahʊŋ tandɩŋ yɔ mba hʊŋna ñɔsɩ, saŋ nɛ cɛɛŋ, palakɩ kɩcɩkpɩŋ tʊmɩyɛ. payasʊʊ mʊyaa, palakɩ calɩm tʊmɩyɛ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɖɔkɔtɔ tɛŋ wiliɣ nɛ ɛna yɔ.

   
Jean Pitard, ɛkɛ ñɔsɩ hʊndʊʊ sɔsɔ, ɛmʊ samtʊ nimiye paarii, Etinne Boileau, pahayɩ-ɩ waɖɛ se ɛkpɛlɩkɩ ɛyaa nabɛyɛ nɛ pɛwɛɛ patɩ yɔɔ kɛ ɖuutu loɖo taa, se pɩha nɔmɔʊ nɛ pala saŋtaɖaʊ ñɔsɩ hʊndaa mba pɛwɛna sɔlɩm se pala yasʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ (na tʊma tɛ takayaɣ). 
  
Wɛtʊ sakɩyɛ taa yasɩyʊ lakɩ tʊmɩyɛ ɛ-kʊdɔndɩnaa kɛ kuduyuu ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ palakɩ ɛyaa tʊma yɔ. Kuduyuu ŋgʊ kɩ-taa wɛ yasʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ wondu sakɩyɛ nɛ ɛyaa mba pasɩna pɛwɛ peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ padaa kɔyɔ ɖɔkɔtɔ weyi ɛsɔkɩ ɛyʊ nɛ ɛ-hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ palakɩ tʊmɩyɛ kɩsɩ yɔ nɛ sɩm yɔ fezuu tɩnaa nɛ yasʊʊ kuduyuu tɛ fɛɖaa. Pɩtaa peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ papɩzɩɣ palakɩ fɛbɩtʊ tʊma lɛɛna hɔɔlɩŋ lɛɛŋ taa. 

Kelaa tʊmɩyɛ labʊ, pɩ-tɛ ɛyʊ weyɩ ɛlakɩ-ɖɩ paya-ɩ se kelaa tʊmɩyɛ laɖʊ, ɛcakɩ kpagba kpelaɣ nakayɛ yɔ ɛlɛ, ɛwɛna sɩnayaa pʊɖɔ ɛ-cɔlɔ. Mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ pɩwɛ weyɩ ɛlakɩ nɔɔ taa kʊdɔmɩŋ tʊmɩyɛ laɖʊ. Ɖɩ-lʊlɩyɛ taa palakɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ ñɩyʊʊ nakʊyʊ nɛ pawalanzɩɣ halɩtʊ kɛ lʊlʊʊ wiye ɛlɛ weyi ɛcɔŋna halɩtʊ tʊmɩyɛ yɔɔ yaa halʊ lʊlʊsɩyʊ. Palakɩ-kʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ kpagba kɛ halʊ weyi ɛ-nɛ hɔɔ yɔ ɛ-yɔɔ, pahɩzɩ-ɩ kpeŋgbeluu ŋgʊ kʊ-yɔɔ palakɩ-ɩ tʊmɩyɛ yɔ.
Yawunde

Yawunde kɛna Afrika keteŋa nɛ hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ natʊyʊ. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ yɔ Kameruni nɛ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛna Kameruni nɛ hadɛ kiŋ.         

Yawunde tɛtʊ taa wɛ pʊŋ sakɩyɛ nɛ ɩ-taa sɔsɔŋ kpɛnda lʊbɛ pʊyɔɔ kɛ paya-tɛtʊ ndʊ se Pʊŋ lʊbɛ tɛtʊ. Pɩnaɣ 2015 taa pakalɩ kɩgalʊ lɛ, pana ɛyaa ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa 2 765 568 tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ landammm taa maɣna ɛzɩ ɛkɩtaarɩnaa 18 300 yaa kilomɛtanaa 183. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ tʊnɛ nɛ Tuwala ñɩndʊ taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ kɛ Afrika nɛ hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ kpeekpe taa.         

Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1987 taa paacɔnaa nɛ pana se Yawunde tɛtʊ taa mba pɛwɛ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ hɛkʊ taa sɩŋŋŋ yɔ paakpɛnda ɛyaa ɛzɩ 37,8 kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe ŋɛ pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 2005 taa lɛ, patala ɛyaa 48,8 kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe taa. Peeɖe pɔcɔnaa se pɩɩtalɩɣ pɩnaɣ 2010 taa kɛ mbʊ yɔ, ɛyaa naalɛ kɛ naatozo yɔɔ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe taa kaɣ wɛʊ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ taa. Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1960, pɩnaɣ ŋga Kameruni ɛjaɖɛ wɛwaɣ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ lɛ, Yawunde tɛtʊ taa ɛyaa kaakpɛnda kutokiŋ looɖo (6 000) ɖeke. 

Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ komina tʊma taa nɛ pawɩlɩɣ-kʊ sukulinaa taa yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ Fransɩɩ. Pɩnaɣ 2014 taa pɔcɔnaa se ɛyaa mba pɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 15 nɛ pɩɖɛɛ nɛ pasɩma fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ maʊ nɛ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ camɩyɛ yɔ, pɛkpɛnda 60,5; piyele ɛyaa 75,6 kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ sɩma kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩyɔɔdʊʊ.  

Ɛzɩ ajɛyaa naayɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ lɛɛtʊ ñɩnɩɣ se ana lɛɛna taa ñɩndʊ pɛkpɛndɩɣ nɛ palakɩ tʊma kʊɖʊma yɔ, mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ Yawunde ñɩŋdʊ ajɛya naatoozo taa tɛtʊ palakɩ tʊma kɩɖʊma. Ajɛya ana yɔ: Lamalou-les-Bains (Fransɩɩ), Edesaa (Krɛsɩ, ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2007) nɛ Udini (Itaalii, ɖooo pɩnaɣ 2008).
Yeesu Nazarɛɛtɩ tʋ

Yeesu Nazaarɛɛtɩ tʋ kɛ Yuuda tʋ; palʋla-ɩ Galiilee egetiye taa, Palɛsɩtiini ɛjaɖɛ taa. Palʋla-ɩ nɛ pɩla pɩnzɩ ɛzɩ kagbaanzɩ yaa lʋbɛ mbʋ yɔ nɛ pʋcɔ papazɩ fenasɩ nɛ pɩnzɩ pa-kɩyakɩŋ kalʋʋ. Palʋla-ɩ Yohanɛɛsɩ lɩm sɔyʋ alɩwaatʋ taa. Yeesu Nazarɛɛtɩ tʋ kɛwɛna wayɩ tɩŋɩyaa nabɛyɛ nɛ ɛwɩlɩɣ-wɛ ɛ-tʋma kpeekpe. Esuzaɣ ɛyaa Ɛsɔdaa Kewiyaɣ tɔm. Ɛlakaɣ nɛ kʋdɔŋ tɩnaa yɔɔ cɛkɩ. Ɛkʋsaɣ kalakalasɩ nɛ ekuluu yʋlʋma ɛzɛ nɛ ɛlakɩ nɛ canasɩ yɔɔ cɛkɩ.

Peeye ɛ-jaɖɛ n̄ʋŋ tɩnaa kʋyɩ ɛ-yɔɔ, mbʋ ɛya ɛ-tɩ se Ɛsɔ pɩyalʋ. Palʋla-ɩ nɛ ɛtalɩ pɩnzɩ niidozo lɛ, pakʋyɩ ɛ-yɔɔ Jeruzalɛm tɛtʋ taa. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ lɛ, Pɔtɩ Pilatɩ kɛkɛŋna komonɖa. Yuuda n̄ɩma tɛ kasandʋ ndʋ payaɣ se "Paakɩ" yɔ, tɩ-tɔɔʋ alɩwaatʋ taa pakpa-ɩ nɛ pahʋʋna-ɩ tɔm awiya ndɩ ndɩ tɩŋ tɛɛ nɛ pʋcɔ powona-ɩ komonɖa Pɔtɩ Pɩlatɩ tɛ.

Ɛ-tɔmmʋyaa yaa ɛ-wayɩ tɩŋɩyaa kaɖaɣ kpayɩ se Yeesu Nazarɛɛtɩ tʋ kɛ Ɛsɔ tɛ Mesia yaa Krɩstʋ, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se weyi Ɛsɔ ta-ɩ num nɛ etiyi-i se ɛya kedeŋa kpeekpe n̄ʋʋ yɔ. Yeesu yɔɔ aseɣɖe tɔm ndʋ ɛ-wayɩ tɩŋɩyaa lɩzaa yɔ ɖiyebina nɛ Krɩstʋ nʋmɔʋ taa ɖɔm ŋgbɛyɛ n̄ɔ. Krɩstʋ n̄ɩma kaɖɩɣ kpayɩ se Yeesu Krɩstʋ kɛ Ɛsɔ Pɩyalʋ nɛ ɛ-kɔmtʋ tɔm pɔyɩdɩ Nɔɔ Haʋ kɩbɩm takayaɣ taa. Malɩŋ ŋgbɛyɛ taa n̄ɩma n̄ayaɣ Yeesu se Îsâ nɛ pɔtɔŋ se ɛkɛ lɔɔyaɣ tʋ yaa nayʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ. Yeesu-Krɩstʋ nʋmɔʋ taa ɖɔm aŋgba ndɩ ndɩ taa n̄ɩma tɔm susuu nɛ aseɣɖe nɖɩ palɩzɩɣ Yeesu yɔɔ yɔ, peyeba nɛ ajɛɛ sɔnzɩ lɛɣzɩ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ. Yeesu Nazarɛɛtɩ tʋ yɔɔ tɔm maɣzʋʋ lɛɣzɩ sakɩyɛ lɩmaɣzɛ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ takayɩsɩ maʋ nɛ Ɛsɔ yɔɔ lɩmaɣzɛ labʋ nɛ wondu ndɩ ndɩ lubu pa-nʋmɔŋ taa. 

Yeesu palʋla-ɩ nɛ pakpaɣna ɛ-lʋlʋʋ wiye nɛ papaɣzɩ fenasɩ nɛ pɩnzɩ pa-kakɩŋ cɔlʋʋ nɛ paɖʋ takayaɣ yɔɔ nɛ payaɣ se "kalandiriyee". Pʋ-yɔɔ palɩzɩ Kujuka se kɛkɛ Ɛsɔ kɩyakʋ, kɩyakʋ ŋgʋʋ Yeesu Nazarɛɛtɩ tʋ fema nɛ ɛlɩɩ pɩlaʋ taa. Pʋwɛɛ se ɛyʋ ɛtɔzɩ klʋ-yɔɔ nɛ kɩkɛna-ɩ kasandʋ kɩyakʋ, kɩyakʋ kɩhɛzʋʋ. Pɩtɛkɛ Krɩstʋ n̄ɩma ɖeke tɔzʋʋna kɩyakʋ ŋgʋ kʋ-yɔɔ, ɛyaa tɩŋa tɔzʋʋ kʋ-yɔ ɖɔɖɔ.
You sɩɣa

You sɩɣa kɛna mbʋ pʋwɛ tɛlɛm tɩyɛ yɔ. Sɩɣa kanɛ, kɛkɛ you sɩɣa sɔsaɣ nakɛyɛ. Kɛkɛ you wonuu ŋgʋ kɩwɛna tɔlɩm kʋʋlʋmʋm yɔ. You sɩɣa yaa wonuu kʋnɛ, nabɛyɛ yaɣ kʋ size hɔzʋʋ yaa malɩfa. You sɩɣa kanɛ, kɛwɛna nɔɔsɩ naalɛ kɛ cemiŋ ce.

You sɩɣa kanɛ, kɛwɛ lɔŋ cemiŋ ce nɛ kɔ-nɔsɩ nzɩ sɩ-naalɛ. Kɛwɛ ndɩ nɛ you sɩɣa lɛɛka yaa nesi you sɩɣa. Payaɣ kaka nɛ Fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "sabre". Kanɛ kaka fɛyɩ lɔŋ cemiŋ ce ɛzɩ lɛɛka yɔ. Kɛwɛna kɛtɛ nesi kɩpanzɩ hɔɔlʋʋ yɔɔ kiŋ kɛ kpeŋgbeluu yaa huyuu.

Huyuu ŋgʋ, ŋgʋʋ pohuuza you sɩɣa ŋga kɔtɔbʋʋ yɔɔ. Payaɣ kɔtɔbʋʋ size toɖe. Peeɖe pɔɖɔkʋʋ nesi nɛ palabɩna you. Tɔm biye yaa hɩɖɛ size "You sɩɣa" wɛna tɔbɩŋ sakɩyɛ ndɩ ndɩ.

You sɩɣa kanɛ, kɔtɔbʋʋ pɩzʋʋ pɩkɛ size kɛkɛ you sɩɣa lɔŋ ŋga yaa kɩbɩbɩwaɣ.

You sɩɣa kanɛ, kɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɖoo kpaɖʋ nɛɛlɛ (20) n̄ɩŋgʋ taa kɛ sɩɣa ŋga kɔhɔʋ kɛ you sɩɣa hɔʋ yɔ.
Yoŋ loluu nɛ ɩ-ɖɩzʋʋ

Yoŋ loluu nɛ ɩ-ɖɩzʋʋ

Ɛbɛ kulusuu you
Kajalaɣ’lɛ, pɩwɛɛ se ɛyʋ ɛna mbʋ pukulusuu you yɔ. You pɩzɩɣ kɩlɩɩna pʋyʋ kʋɖʋm yaa pʋdʋnaa sakɩyɛ cɔlɔ (wolo Ɛbɛ cɔlɔ pɩlɩɣna nɛ piyozuu ɛyaa)

You kaʋɖɩɣʋ nɩmaŋ ndɩndɩ wɛna kɛzasɩ nzɩ nɛ ɖʋzʋmwaa mba yɔ:
Cɩnɛ'lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ nɩmaŋ ndɩndɩ weyi ɛyaa tɩŋgɩɣna ɩ-yɔɔ nɛ pololuu yoyaa yaa papɩzɩɣ paɖɩzʋʋ yoŋ tam yɔ. Pɩkɛnaa se ɖɩ́tazɩ paa nɩmaʋ ŋgʋ lɛ kɩ-taa nɛ ɖɩna kɩwɛna kɛ̀zásɩ nzɩ nɛ ɖʋ̀zʋ̀mwaa mba yɔ, nɛ pʋɖʋzɩna lɩmaɣza anɛ yɔ:
-	Peyebina yoyaa mba papama ɖama nɛ ɛsɛ yɔ pa-tɩtɩŋgɛ nɛ pɔcɔna youkaʋkaɣʋ tɔm yɔɔ
-	Yoyaa m̀ba pàpama ɖama nɛ ɛsɛ yɔ, páɖʋ ɖama nesi naa pàdaaɖʋ
-	Paɖɩza you naa padaɖɩzɩ
-	Mawakɩ/ŋwa yaa mɔntɔlʋʋ/ŋtɔlɩ yaa mawakɩ/ŋtɔlɩ
-	Mansɩma mandɩ nɛ mansɩ ɖɔɖɔ lalaa
-	Tɔmtamaɣmnɛmɔyɔɔdʋʋmañɩndʋwaa yaa mandaatɛtɛnɛmɔyɔɔdʋʋmañɩndʋwaa lɩmaɣza nɛ pa-pɩzɩtʋ ɛ́wazɩ tɔm ñɔɔzʋʋ ɖeɖe
-	Ɛbɛ ɛyaa lakɩ nɛ pʋñɔtʋʋ-wɛ nɛ ɖama paa ɖooye nɛ ŋgbɛyɛɖʋʋ lɩlɩ.

Yoŋloluu nɩmaŋ taa nɩɩyɩ yɔ :
-	Ɖoŋ/ñazʋʋ (you): nɔɔyʋ kpaɣna lɛlʋ nɛ ɖoŋ se ɛlɛ ɛtɔɔ ɛ-tɔm. Ɖoŋdʋ tɔm ɖeɣna: mawakɩ ŋtɔlɩ: ŋgʋ mbʋ piyozi-mɩ yɔ, ɩdɔñɔɔzɩ-pʋ
-	Paɣtʋ tɛyɩɣ tɔm:samaɣ ɖʋ paɣtʋ ndʋ yɔ tɩ-yɔ pɔɖɔŋ. Tɔmhʋyʋ tɔŋna se akele tɔm sɩba nɛ akele tɔm ɖewa - nɔɔyʋ wakɩ/nɔɔyʋ tɔlɩ - paɣtʋ tɔŋna mbʋ.
-	Tɔm taa faɣsʋʋ: mba poyou yɔ petisaa se nɔɔyɔ ɛkɔɔ ɛtɛyɩ pɛ-hɛkʋdaa nɛ ǹdʋ yasʋyʋ ɛnʋ ɛ̀yɔɔdʋʋ yɔ pɔtɔkɩ-tʋ. Tozodʋ tɔm nɔɔ wabɩna
-	Ɖamanɩnaʋcɔɔlʋʋ : yoyaa mba pa-naalɛ pɔyɔɔdaa nɛ panɩɩna ɖama pɔ-tɔm yɔɔ.  “mawakɩ/ŋwa” tɔm kɛlɛ.
-	Tɔmñɔɔzʋʋyɔɔkpaʋnɛtibu: pɩkɛna yɔɔdʋʋ nɛ ɖamanɩnaʋ, ɛlɛ nɔɔyʋ wɛ hɛkʋdaa nɛ ɛkpaɣ nɛ etiki. Yoyaa mba pa-naalɛ petisaa se paɖɩzɩɣ po-you nɛ pa-maɣmaɣ pàmakɩna pa-laŋgɩyɛ taa nɛ pána mbʋ pàlakɩ se pa-ɖamanɩnaʋ ɛkɛ caɣdam yɔ. Weyi ɛ́lɛ kpáɣ nɛ étiki pɛ-hɛkʋdaa yɔ, ɛlɛ ɖɛɣ-wɛ nɔɔ kɩɖɛʋ. Cɩnɛ’lɛ, “Humohu”. Tozodʋ ɛnʋ payaɣ-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ se “Tɔmñɔɔzʋʋyɔɔkpaʋnɛtibiyu”.
-	Ceɣu: ñaɖʋʋdɩnaa tisaa se tɔm tɛma. Laŋhɛzɩyɛ keem pazɩ lila kam.
-	Youɖɩzʋʋ:pɩkɛna ɛyaa ñakʋʋ pana se you ɛ́tɛ nɛ woŋga wɛɛ nɛ pɩsɩna-wɛ. Kɛlɛ pɩdɛkɛ se pa-taa siziŋnɩʋ tɛma
-	Kpɛlɩpɩsʋʋ: cɩnɛ pɩnaɣ se ɛyʋ paɣlaka kɛ sɔsɔa. Yoyaa naalɛ tisiɣ se yelebɩnɩnɛŋgbaɣvalɩ. Pɩpɩsɩ kpɛlɩ nɛ pamʋna ɖama se ndʋ tɩɖɛwa yɔ pɩtɛma se pakpaɣ kɩvatʋ nɛ palabɩna tʋmɩyɛ.

Ɖamanɩnaʋcɔɔlʋʋ, Tɔmñɔɔzʋʋyɔɔkpaʋnɛtibu, Ceɣu, Youɖɩzʋʋ, Kpɛlɩpɩsʋʋ pɛkɛna youkaʋɖɩɣʋ nɩmaŋ weyi ɩ-taa wɛ kɛzaɣ pɩkɩlɩ yɔ.
Yowanɛsɩbuuri

Yowanɛsɩbuuri kɛna Afrika Hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔyʊ natʊyʊ nɛ ndʊ kɛna Kotɛŋɩ tɛtʊ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ. Tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ñɩm kɩla wɛʊ. Afrika nɛ Hadɛ kiŋ taa lɛ Yowanɛsɩbuuri kɛŋna tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1886. Keteŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ Yowanɛsɩbuuri wɛ tɛtʊ sʊtzɔtʊ taa nɛ tɩ-taa ɛyaa ɖɛ ɛzɩ miloyɔɔnaa hiu nɛ naalɛɛ yɔ nɛ Afrika taa lɛ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ tɛtʊ looɖo ndʊ ndʊ tɩkɛ sʊzɔtʊ yɔ tɩ-taa.  

Paanɛ paakpakɩɣ Yowanɛsɩbuuri ɛzɩ Afrika nɛ Haɖɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ yɔ, ndʊ kɛŋna peeɖe tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkɛ tɔsʊʊ tɛ tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ yɔ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa ɛyaa mba pɛwɛ tɛtʊ hɛkʊ taa yɔ pɛkpɛnda 4 434 827 pɩnaɣ 2011 taa. Tɛtʊ ndʊ lɛ natutozo ndʊ kɛ Afrika taa ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa pɔɔ nakayɩ fɛyɩ nɛ lɩm nabʊyʊ fɛyɩ se pɩwɛ ɖeu yaa pɩwɛ kele kele. Pɩwɛɛ mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ pɩwɛ komina kaɖɛ se kɩhɔ pɔmpɩ taa lɩm nɛ kiwona peeɖe.

Yowanɛsɩbuuri nɛ Afrika nɛ Hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʋ Pretooriyaa hɛkʊ taa ɖaalakɩŋ maɣna ɛzɩ kilomɛtanaa nɩɩnɩwa yɔ. Siŋŋŋ taa lɛ Afrika nɛ Hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ wɛna tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ natutozo: Piretoriya, peeɖe kɛ komina tʊma sʊzɔna wɛɛ; Kap, taa paɣtʊ lɩzɩya ñɛwɛ nɛ piyele Ployemfontayinɩ ñɛkɛŋna tɔm hʊyaa hɔɔlʊʊ. 

Yowanɛsɩbuuri tɛtʊ nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ kpɛndɩɣ nɛ tɩlakɩ tʊma kʊɖʊma nɛ a-taa kɔyɔ: Akra (Kana), Adisi-Abeba (Etiyoopii), Pirimiŋgam (Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ), Siyaŋ (Siini), Lɔndrɩ (Kewiyaɣ Kɩkpɛndaɣ), Kinsasa (Kɔŋgo Kinsasa), Matola (Moozambiki), Niyuu Yɔrɩkɩ (Etaazuunii), Windɔkɩ (Namibi), Tanɩ (Fransɩɩ).

Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa cɔcɩ layʊ nɔɔyʊ wɛɛ nɛ ɛ-tɔm ndɩ kpɛm nɛ layaa tɩŋga. Payaɣ-ɩ se Cyril Axelrod, ɛkɛ yʊlʊm nɛ ndam nɛ kaayɔɔdaɣ. Payaɣ peeɖe malɩka yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ se Herman Mashaba.
Yulee tɔlɩm

Tɔlɩm mbʊ pʊwɛ yulee yɔ, pɩkɛ sɛmɩŋ tɛ tɔlɩm. Yee ɛsɔdaa ɛtʊ camɩyɛ kpayɩ kpayɩ kɔyɔ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se mɩndʊ kʊhʊlʊmtʊ ɛfɛyɩ kɔyɔ, tɔlɩm yulee mbʊ ɛyʊ naɣ Ɛsɔ tɔnʊʊ tɛɛ. Nabʊyʊ taa kɔyɔ, teŋgu lɩm wɛɣ ɖɔɖɔ yulee tɩyɛ.

Kaaŋ nɩɩyɛ nɛ sumasɩ nɛ pɔsɩ nasɩyɛ taa lɩm nɛ huuduhuyiŋ nɩɩyɛ wɛna tɔlɩm mbʊ pʊwɛ yulee yɔ. Ɛlɛ, tɛtɛɛ ñɩm ndɩ ndɩ sakɩyɛ fɛyɩna tɔlɩm yulee. Tɛtɛɛ ñɩm mbʊ pʊwɛna tɩŋ hatʊ tɔlɩm. Lɛɛbʊ ñɛkɛ kɩsɛmbʊ nɛ lɛɛbʊ ñɛwɛɛna sʊtʊ lɩm tɔlɩm. 

Ɛzɩma mbʊ pɔcɔlɩ tɔlɩm ndɩ ndɩ nɛ panaɣ-pʊ naʊ mbʊ yɔ

Tɔlɩm mbʊ pʊwɛ yulee yɔ, pʊwɛ ndɩ ndɩ kpem. Teŋgu lɩm yulee wɛɛ. Ɛsɔdaa ɛtʊ camɩyɛ kpayɩ kpayɩ kɔyɔ, ɛyʊ naɣ se pʊwɛ yulee. Tɔlɩm yulee mbʊ pʊwɛ camɩyɛ kpayɩ kpayɩ yɔ, pʊbʊ ñɛwɛɛ. Tɔlɩm yulee nabʊyʊ ñoyu kuyu kpem ɛzɩ ɖoho yɔ. 

Ñalɩmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ yulee yɔ ɖɩnaɣ poliŋ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ kɩmaɣzʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se nanomɛtanaa 450 yaa 500 mbʊ yɔ. Lɛɣtʊ piliŋa ŋga kɔcɔŋna mʊntʊsɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ naɣ naʊ mbʊ poliŋ taa yɔ, ka-taa ñɩnɩyaa takaa nɛ pana se tɔlɩm mbʊ pʊwɛ yulee nɛ mbʊ pʊbʊ ̄n̄ɛwɛ yulecɛzʊʊ yɔ, pʊ-mʊntʊsʊŋ naɣ poliŋ pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ kɩmaɣzʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se nanomɛtanaa yɔ 476 yaa 483. Nabʊyʊ taa kɔyɔ, pʊwɛɣ ɛzɩ nanomɛtanaa 466 yaa 490 mbʊ yɔ. Mʊntʊsʊʊ naʊ taa lɛ, tɔlɩm kɩsɛmɩm pɩzɩɣ ɛzɩ kɛdaɣ yɔ. Payaɣ  tɔlɩm kʊhʊlʊmɩm  mbʊ pañala camɩyɛ cɩɖɩ cɩɖɩ yɔ se tɔlɩm yules.


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Yuulee cɛzʊ sɛmɩŋ

Yuulee cɛzʊ sɛmɩŋ kɛna tomnaɣ wɛɖʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ sɛmɩŋ kpɛdaɣ sɛmɩŋ nɛ yuulee maɣmaɣ sɛmɩŋ yɔ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa.

Yuulee sɛmɩŋ nɛ sɛmɩŋ lɛɛŋ pa-tʊkaɣ kjɛlɛ se leemu tomnaɣ wɛdʊʊ nɛ  sɛmɩŋ yuulee pɛkpɛndɩna nɛ pɩlɩɩ sɛmɩŋ ɛnʊ. Yuulee cɛzʊ sɛmɩŋ ɛnɛ pataatisi ɛ-yɔɔ ɖooo lɛ, ɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 1520 kɛ ɛyaa naa se tɔlɩm nabʊyʊ wɛɛ nɛ pɩwɛ yuulee cɛzʊ sɛmɩŋ tɩyɛ; ɛlɛ pɩlɩna wɩyaʊ Héliogabale tɛ cɛjɛyɛ yɔɔ yaa ɛ-sɔɔçlɩm taa. 

Yuulee sɛmɩŋ ɛɛnaɣ poliŋ ɛzɩ sɛmɩŋ maɣmaɣ yɔ nɛ tɔlɩm kɩkpɛdɩm kɛ pesiduu sɛmɩŋ tɔlɩm taa nɛ pɩwɛɛ ɛzɩ yuulee tɔlɩm tɩyɛ yɔ. Tɩŋ pe naayɛ wɛɛ lɛ, apʊʊ lɛ asɛʊ yuulee.


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Yʊlʊnzɩ

Yʊlʊnzɩ kɛ ɛsɩyɛ tɛ ɛjandʊʊ mbilim. Tɔmpiye ndɩ ɖɩlɩna cɔlɩɩ latɛŋ alɩwaatʊ taa caecitas nɛ pʊtɔbʊʊ se ɛsɩyɛ kɩɩnaʊ mbʊ payaɣ se yʊlʊnzɩ. Yʊlʊnzɩ kɛ ɛjandʊʊ ndʊ tutukuna ɛyaa sakɩyɛ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ cɩna. Yʊlʊnzɩ nzɩ pɩzɩɣ pʊkɔna tɩlasɩ sakɩyɛ. Paa ɛzɩmta lɛ ɛwɛ sɔndʊʊ taa tam nɛ ɛfɛyɩ ɛ-tɩyɔɔ (ɛzɩ Hongrie Bela naalɛ tʊ yɔ nɛ Enrico Dandolo nɛ yʊlʊm Yohanɛsɩ yaa Žižka Yohanɛsɩ).
 
Ɖɩ-tedaa nɛ ɖɩna yɔ Hɛkʊ Alɩwaatʊ taa yʊlʊnzɩ wɛ ɛzɩ nɔnɔ taa nesi tɛ kɩkpaɣʊm fɛyɩ tɛ ajɛyaa natozo tɛ nzɩ yɔ yaa mɩnʊʊ yɔ lɛ ɛyʊ kʊyʊm nɛ ɛzɩ kajalaɣ kʊdɔŋ, kɛkpɛtɛsaɣ yaa ɛsɩyɛ yɔkʊʊ.
     
Kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ eniziye ɛzɩ kɔnzɛtɩ yaa tanaʊ laɖaa mba powoŋguu yʊlʊm. Yʊlʊma wɛ patɩnaa cɔlɔ nɛ palakɩ pɛtɛ fezuu caɣʊ. Papɩsɩ ham waa nɛ pɔɖɔŋ Ɛsɔ nɔmɔʊ se tɛtɛ paahɩɣʊ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ sooci. Nɛ nabʊyʊ taa lɛ, sɔlɩm tʊma naayɛ kpaɣkʊʊ-wɛ nɛ pɔcɔŋna pɔ-yɔɔ ɛzɩ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ tʊma nɛ haɖɛ yʊlʊmaa yɔɔ cɔnaʊ tʊma nɛ akpadɩyaa yaa ajama ɛzɩ yʊlʊma mbʊ yɔ ɖɩɣa ŋga paya nɛ anasayɩ taa se hospice des Quinze-Vingts ŋga kɔñɔ pɩnaɣ 1260 alɩwaatʊ cɔlɔ pɩtɩŋna Louis kiɖeɖeu yɔɔ yɔ nɛ kɩlakɩ camɩyɛ lakasɩ nɛ kɩsɩna yʊlʊmaa yɔ.

Ɛyaa niizaɣ yʊlʊmaa samaɣ ɖikpeɣliye taa. Pɩtɩŋna Diderot takayaɣ suzuu yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1749 mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kɩyaakʊ 9 ŋgʊ wiye pɩlɩna yʊlʊmaa yɔɔ, takayaɣ ŋga kɔyɔɔdʊʊ yʊlʊm weyi ɛmʊ niye akɔnta labʊ nɔmɔʊ taa yɔ ɛ-tɔm Nicholas Saunderson nɛ pɩlɛzɩ yʊlʊm tɛ wɛtʊ ɛyaa taa. 

Otirisi yʊlʊm weyi ɛmakɩ cɩmɩŋ yɔ Maria Theresia von Paradis kaawoba Paarii tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛsɩna Valentin Haüy (layʊ nɛ Ɛsɔ tɔm heyiyʊ yʊlʊma tɛ) ɛtʊla kajalaɣ yʊlʊmaa sukuli nɛ kɩpaɣzɩɣ tʊmɩyɛ labʊ pɩnaɣ 1786.
Yʊrʊba kʊnʊŋ

Yʊrʊba yaa yoruuba, pɩkɛ egeetiye hɩɖɛ nɛ payaɣ se yorùbá kɛ nɔɔ ɖeʊ tɛ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ nɛ Nɩzɛro-koŋgolɛzɩ tɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ cejewiye taa yɔ. Pɩlɩna kʊnʊmɩŋ kpɛlɛkɩyaa sukuli naa yɔ lɛ, paɖʊ-kʊ Kwa kʊnʊmɩŋ taa yaa Benuuwe-koŋgolɛzɩ kʊnʊmɩŋ taa.

Ɛyaa ndɩ ndɩ tɛ sɔnzɩ labʊ wɩlɩʊ yʊrʊba mba ɖɩlɩyɛ pʊkɔ pɩtalɩ Naajeeriya tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ndʊ payayaɣ se Ile-Ife yɔ. Samaɣ ŋga kɔyɔɔdʊʊ yʊrʊba kʊnʊŋ yɔ patala ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ waa nɛɛlɛ nɛ kɩgbanzɩ Naajeeriya ɛjaɖɛ taa ɖeeɖe kɩ-kɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa kʊnʊmɩŋ naatozo taa kʊnʊŋ lɛɛkʊ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ Peenɛɛ nɛ Togo ajɛyɛ taa. Pɔyɔɔdʊʊ yʊrʊba kʊnʊŋ ɖɔɖɔ Antilles ajɛyɛ taa nɛ Ameriki latini kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Kuubaa ɛlɛ pɩtɩŋna Afrika yoma mba palʊlɛ-wɛ peeɖe yɔ nɛ palakɩ Santeriya tɛ ɛsɔ kɩlaʊ sɔnzɩ yɔ nɛ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ ɖɔɖɔ Biresiili ɛjaɖɛ taa kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Candomble ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛ taa.

Pama yʊrʊba kʊnʊŋ nɛ masɩ kpata naa ndɩ ndɩ ɛlɛ pakɩlɩ ñɩɣʊ Latɛŋ maʊ kpata yɔ kɛnɛ. Peenɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, kewiyaɣ tɛ matʊ lakɩna tʊmɩyɛ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa kʊnʊmɩŋ tɛ masɩ paɣtʊ ndʊ pasɩma-tʊ yɔ, ŋgʊ Naajeeriya lɛ, kewiyaɣ matʊ ñɩɣʊ niye Pan-Nigérian masɩ paɣtʊ yɔ kɛnɛ. Peenɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, pama yʊrʊba kʊnʊŋ nɛ pɛ-ɛjaɖɛ taa kʊnʊmɩŋ tɛ masɩ. Naajeeriya ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, pɛtɛ masɩ kɛ Latɛŋ masɩ nzɩ masɩ yʊsʊʊ walanza yɔ. Pɩkpeekpe pɩta lɛ yʊrʊba kʊnʊŋ masɩ kɛ Pan-Nigéria tɛ masɩ kpeekpe haɖɛ ñɩnzɩ.
Jean de la Croix

Palʊla Jean de la Croix kɛ Fontiverosi tɛtʊ taa (Ɛsɩpaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa) kɛ mɩsɩ kʊm fenaɣ 24 pɩnaɣ 1542 nɛ ɛsɩ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Ubeda yɔ ɖɩètaa kɛ saŋgayɩŋ fenaɣ 14 pɩnaɣ 1591. Jean de la Croix kɛna layʊ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ ɖenɖe payaɣ se Karmɛlɩ yɔ nɛ paɖɛlɛsɩ-ɩ se karmɛlɩ taa kiɖeɖeu. Ɖenɖe ɛma tɩsɩʊ takayasɩ nɛ pʊɖɔɔ yɔ peɛɖe yebina nɛ pacaŋ pakpaɣ-ɩ ɛzɩ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ taa sɔdʊʊ sɔsɔʊ kpem yɔ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1526. Pɔtɔkɩ Jean de la Croix kiɖeɖeu tɛ kazandʊ kɛ paa saŋgayɩŋ fenaɣ ŋga lɛ ka-kɩyakʊ 14 wiye. 

Palʊla Jean de la Croix kɛ hɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa laŋhɛzɩyɛ wɛɛ yɔ, ɛlɛ ɛɛsɔɔlaa se e-sukuliu wayɩ lɛ ɛsʊʊ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ  ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ lakʊ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩlɩɩna Thérèse d'Avila tɛ lɔŋ pasɩɣ yɔ lɛ, etisi nɛ ewolo ɛ-tɛ ŋgbɛyɛ taa nɛ ɛcɔŋna mba pɛcɛla pa-tɩ kɛ karmɛlɩ taa nɛ pɛkɛ abalaa yɔ pɔ-yɔɔ.  Ɛma takayɩsɩ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ sɩ-taa lɛ, ɛwɩlɩɣ nɔmɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩwokina ciyamnaa nɛ Ɛsɔ cɔlɔ kiŋ yɔ. E-wezuu caɣʊ taa pɩɩmʊna-ɩ sɩŋŋŋ nɛ ɛ-taabalaa mba pataakaŋ nattŋgbala yɔ, pakʊmɩ-ɩ hɩɖɛ se Atɩma-tʊ, nɛ paa-anɩ ɛhawaɣ-ɩ ñamtʊ pɩŋŋŋ.

Ɛsɩba nɛ piteleɖi lɛ, pacaŋ pana se ɛkɛ kiɖeɖeu nɛ ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ Ɛsɩpaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa mba pakɩlɩ Esɔ yɔɔ tɩsɩʊ siŋŋŋ yɔ. Pɩlaba ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ Thérèse d-Avila yɔ ɖeyi ɖeyi. Katolika ŋgbɛyɛ naa mbʊ lɛ, ɖɩpaɣzɩ-ɩ tɩmnaʊ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1675 nɛ pɩla mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɛla ham lakasɩ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ pɩwɩlɩna kaɣlaa se ɛkɛ kɩɖeɖeu nɛ paɖʊ-ɩ ɛyaa kiɖeɖema taa kɛ pɩnaɣ 1726.
Aleɣya

Aleɣya kɛna tʋmɩyɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ tʋma lɛɛna ɖɔɖɔ yɔ. Papɩzɩɣ palɩzɩ ɖɩ-tɔbʋʋ size ɖɩkɛna tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩkɛ tomnaɣ taa nɖɛ yaa maɣzɩm taa nɖɛ yɔ. Pɩtɛ aleɣya ana, apɩzɩɣ aɖʋʋ taa leleŋ nɛ awɛna kɛzɛya kpem. Mbʋ ɖɔɖɔ aleɣaɣ ana, apɩzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ aatɩɩ wazʋʋ nɛ aahaɣ kɛzɛyaɣ nakayɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɛlɛ, pʋwɛ size ɖɩtɩlɩ size, aleɣya haɣ taa leleŋ kɛnɛ.
 
Aleɣya anɛ, atɛkɛ tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖileɖu caŋ yɔ. Pɩtɛ alɩwaatʋ tɔɖɔɔ yaa eeleɖu. Aleɣya nayɛ labʋ kɛna kpekpeka hoɖe lesuu nɛ wondu kɩlabɩnatʋ lesuu. Palakɩ aleɣya kɔyɔ, pʋwɛna alaɖʋ size ɛɖʋ ɛ-n̄ʋʋ taa kpagbaɣ size, yee tomnaɣ taa n̄ɩna kɔyɔ, ɛkaa lesuu kpekpeka hoɖɛ ɖoŋ ɛlɛ yee pɩkɛ liidiye yaa wondu natʋyʋ ɖʋʋ kɔyɔ yɔɔ yɔ, ɖɩnɛ peeɖeɣ lɛ pɩ-tɛ wondu ndʋʋ ɛpɩzʋʋ elesi yaa ehiɣ.

Ɛlɛ pɩ-taa camɩyɛ kpayɩ size, aleɣya labʋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa mbɩ yɔɔ lɛ, lesuu ɖɔɔ siŋŋ. Pʋyɔɔ yɔɔ pɩtaala nɔyʋ size ɛɖʋʋ ɛ-n̄ʋʋ taa size ɛlakɩ aleɣya nɛ pʋlʋlɩ n̄ɩm sɔsɔm nabʋyʋ. Aleɣya tɛkɛ n̄ɩm kʋlʋlʋm nʋmɔʋ nakʋyʋ. Mba mba payɩ paɖʋʋ pa-n̄ʋnda size powoki aleɣya nayɛ ɖeɖe yaa palakɩ aleɣya nayɛ yɔ, patɩlɩ kpakpaɣ mbʋ size tomnaɣ leleŋ n̄ɩm papɩzɩɣ pehiu pa-leɣya ɖɩlaɖɛ taa peeɖe.

Taɣ leleŋ ɖeke koŋ kɛna kɛzɛyaɣ sɔsaɣ siŋŋ ŋga ɛyʋ, pɩzʋʋ ehiu ɛ-tɛ aleɣya ɖɩlaɖɛ taa yɔ. Paa aleɣya tʋ weyi lɛ, ɛ-taa liu kɛ n̄ɩm nabʋyʋ hiu kɛ ɛ-tɛ aleɣya wayɩ. Kɔyɔɔ nɛ, pɩtɛkɛ mbʋ, mbʋ yɔ aleɣya kazʋʋwa kɛlɛ taɣ leleŋ nɛ wonga n̄ɩnʋʋ. Pʋyɔɔ yɔɔ ɖajaa sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ size Huizinga, maɣza siŋŋ nɛ ɛtɩlɩ nsize, ɛyʋ wɛʋ kam yɔ, aleɣya wɛ sakɩyɛ ɛ-tʋma kɩlaba kpeekpe taa. Peeɖe aleɣya tɔbʋʋ lɩzʋʋ yeba nɛ pɩsɩ tɔm sɔsɔtʋ kpeɖem kɛ ɛyʋ yɔɔ tɩlɩtʋ maɣzɩm n̄ɩnɩyaa.

Pʋwɛna ɖʋ koŋ size ɖɩpɩzɩ ɖɩtɩlɩ size, paa aleɣya wena lɛ, awɛna a-tɛ paɣtʋ ndʋ papɩzɩ nɛ pɔɖɔ tʋyɔ yɔ. Paa aleɣya wena ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, awɛna hɩɖɛ. Ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ, pombo mabʋ wɛ mbɩ yɔ, pɩkɛna aleɣya sɔsɔna wena kedeŋa kpeekpe sakɩyɛ sɔɔla siŋŋ yɔ. Seu yaa spɔɖɩ laba kɛna ɖɔɖɔ aleɣya. Haɖaʋ, nɛ tɔm maʋ nɛ santaɖaŋ ndɩ ndɩ labʋ kɛna ɖɔɖɔ aleɣya.
Hʋzʋʋ

Ɛyʋ wɛna hʋzʋŋ naalɛ: nesi kɩpanzɩ yɔɔ ñɩŋʋ nɛ nɩmɩyɛ yɔɔ ñɩŋʋ. Ɛyʋ laŋɩyɛ taa hokasi nasɩyɛ wɛna nɛ sɩtaŋ hʋzʋŋ ɛnʋ ɛnɩɩlɛ. Ɛyʋ laŋgɩyɛ taa lɛ hʋzʋŋ kɛna mbʋ papɩzɩɣ nɛ payaa se kaɖɛ ɖeɖe yɔ. Hʋzʋŋ wɛ sɩnasɩ, laŋɩyɛ nɛ siɣye pɛ-hɛkʋ taa. Hʋzʋŋ taa kɛ heelim mbʋ ɛyʋ fezuu yɔ pɩwoki nɛ ɛnʋ lɩzɩɣna heelim mbʋ pɩ-taa anaɣam nɛ pɩcalɩ tomnaɣ kpeekpe pɩkasɩ nɛ mʋbʋ pɩfɛyɩ ɖeu yɔ pɩɖaɣnɩ lɩʋ. 

Hʋzʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩwɛna nesi kɩpanzɩ yɔɔ yɔ kɩtɛyɩ tam naatozo: hʋzʋʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-hay naalɛ kiŋ wɛɛ, kɩ-hadɛ kiŋ wɛɛ nɛ pɩtasɩna kɩ-hɛkʋ taa. Piyele nɩmɩyɛ ŋgʋ wɛna hɔɔlɩŋ naalɛ: hayʋ kiŋ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ. Hʋzʋʋ naatozo 

ñɩŋʋ wɛna hɔɔlɩŋ naalɛ ɛzɩ nɩmɩyɛ ñɩŋʋ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ.
Yuudaayism

Yuuda n̄ɩma tɛ Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ yaa Ɛsɔ tɛɛ luŋuu ŋgbɛyɛ payaɣ se **Yuudayism**. Patɩlɩ Ɛsɔ  tɩlʋʋ mbʋ nɛ paɣtʋ ndʋ tɩ-yɔɔ pɔɖɔŋ nɛ sɔnzɩ ndɩ ndɩ nzɩ palakɩ yɔ, pɩtɩŋa payɩ mbʋ yɔ pɩkpɛndaa nɛ payaɣ se Yuudayism. Yuuda samaɣ kɛ Izirɛɛlɩ piya liɖe taa n̄ɩma. Yuuda n̄ɩma mba pɛkɛ "orthodoxe" taa ɛyaa yɔ, ɛzɩ weyi payaɣ se Daaniyɛɛlɩ Boyarin mbʋ yɔ, ɛtɔŋ se Yuudayism tɛkɛ Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ, pɩtɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ Ɛsɔ yɔɔ lidaʋ wɛnaʋ nabʋyʋ, ɛlɛ, pɩkɛ Izirɛɛlɩ n̄ɩma tɛ sɔnzɩ nɛ pa-lakasɩ lɛɛsɩ ndɩ ndɩ. Pɩtasɩɩna piɖeke, Yuudayism ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɛyaa ɖɔŋ ɖɔɖɔ Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ paɣtʋ taa natʋyʋ yɔɔ.

Ɛsɔ kaɖʋ Nɔɔ Haʋ ɛ nɛ ɖɔ-cɔzɔ Abrɩham pɛ-hɛkʋ taa. Nɔɔ Haʋ mbʋ pʋ-yɔɔ pɩtɩŋnaa nɛ Yuudayism ŋgbɛyɛ n̄ɔ. Izirɛɛlɛ cɔzɔnaa nɛ Yuuda n̄ɩma mba pɛkɛ pe-liɖe taa n̄ɩma yɔ pɛ-ŋgbɛyɛ kɛlɛ. Pɛwɛna paɣtʋ takayɩsɩ, nzɩɩ payaɣ se Tooraa nɛ Nevi'im nɛ Ketouvim. Takayɩsɩ nzɩ  sɩkpɛndɩna kpɛm nɛ payaɣ se Taanaakɩ yaa Migra yaa Hebra n̄ɩma Takayaɣ kiɖeɖeɣa yaa pɛ-tɛ Biibili. Ka-taa pama pa-paɣtʋ tɩŋɛ nɛ pe-lidaʋ ŋgʋ pɛwɛna Ɛsɔ yɔɔ yɔ kʋ-tɔm. Pʋwayɩ lɛ, Ɛsɔ ɖʋ Nɔɔ Haʋ mbʋ ɛ nɛ Mooyiizi pɛ-hɛkʋ taa ɖɔɖɔ. Yee mbʋ ɖɔ-cɔzɔ Abrɩham Ɛsɔ tɛɛ luŋuu ŋgbɛyɛ yɔɔ Yuuda n̄ɩma tɩŋnaa nɛ palɩzɩ Yuudayism ŋgbɛyɛ. Ɛsɔ cɛlɩ Mooyiizi paɣtʋ ndʋ yɔ, tɩ-yɔɔ pɔɖɔŋ.

Yuudayism ŋgbɛyɛ sɩma Ɛsɔ kʋɖʋm ɖeke koŋ, ɛnʋʋ lɛ Abrɩham tɛ Ɛsɔ, Iizaakɩ tɛ Ɛsɔ, Yaakɔɔbʋ tɛ Ɛsɔ. Paaleɣyi nɛ Ɛsɔ ɛnʋ ɛ-hɩɖɛ yem. Ɛkɛ Maatɛŋ Ɛsɔ payaɣ-ɩ se "Yaave" (YHWH). Ɛkɛ Ɛsɔ Ɖoŋ tɩŋɛ tʋ, payaɣ-ɩ se "Elohim". Ɛnʋ kɩlɩna pɩtɩŋɛ, ɛnʋʋ lɛ kɩpaɣlaa taa KƖPAƔLƲ, payaɣ-ɩ se "Adonaï". Ɛkɛ kʋɖʋm koŋ, eɖeke ɛwɛna. Ɛkɛ Ɖoŋ tɩŋɛ tʋ. Ɛsɩma pɩtɩŋɛ. Natʋyʋ fɛyɩ-ɩ mɛsaɣ tɛɛ. Ɛwɛ siɣsiɣ nɛ ɛkɛ pʋdɔdɩyɛ nayʋ.

Pɛ-ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ  ɖisusuu se ɖoŋ tɩŋɛ kpeɣli  "Eloohim" cɔlɔ. Ɛnʋ lɩzɩna kedeŋa kpeekpe nɛ kɔ-yɔɔ wondu tɩŋɛ. Ɛnʋʋ lɛ kiɖeɖeu. Ɛnʋ lɩzɩna Izirɛɛlɩ piya Egipiti ɛjaɖɛ taa.Yerusaalɛm Ɛsɔ kuduyuu tɛɛ cɔjɔnaa lizaɣ Ɛsɔ kelizasɩ. Cɔjɔnaa mbaa payawaɣ se "Kohanim waa". Ɛlɛ, Yuuda n̄ɩma nabɛyɛ, Esseeni liɖe taa n̄ɩma kʋyaɣ cɔjɔnaa mba pɔ-yɔɔ. Pʋ-yɔɔ  pɔhɔkɩ Ɛsɔ kuduyuu ŋgʋ, ɛlɛ paɖaɣnɩ-kʋ kʋsʋʋ. Nabʋlɛ n̄ɔkʋʋ ɖeɖe Yuudayism ŋgbɛyɛ taa n̄ɩma mɩzɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe. Mbʋ yebina nɛ Yuuda n̄ɩma Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ ŋgbɛyɛ tɔyɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe.

Izirɛɛlɩ samaɣ taa n̄ʋndɩnaa payaɣ se "rabbanim waa". Mba kpeɣlina nɛ pama pa-paɣtʋ takayaɣ sɔsɔɔ. Ŋgaa payaɣ se "Talmud".  Ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ, payaɣ-ɖɩ se "Karayisme" ɖɩ-taa n̄ɩma n̄ekizi paɣtʋ ndʋ tɩ-yɔɔ ɖɔm. Mba payaɣ paba se "Beta Izirɛɛlɩ waa" nɛ pɛwɛ Etiopii ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ, paba n̄aasɩŋ paɣtʋ takayaɣ ŋga.

Yuudayism ŋgbɛyɛ wɛ aŋgba wena alɛyɩ n̄ɔʋ kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩna yɔ a-taa. Ɛsɔ kʋɖʋm ɖeke koŋ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsɩma. Halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛɛ. Yuuda n̄ɩma sɔnzɩ nɛ pɔ-tɔm yɔɔ pɩtɩŋnaa nɛ Krɩstianism nɛ Iizilaam pɛ-aŋgbɛ n̄ɔ ɖɔɖɔ. Akɛ ɖɔ-cɔzɔ Abrɩham Ɛsɔ sɛtʋ tɛ aŋgba. Ɛlɛ, pɩtɛkɛ pʋ-yɔɔ pɩtɩŋnaa nɛ "Samaritanism" nɛ Zoroastrism" aŋgba n̄ɔn̄ɔ. "Zoroastrism" n̄ɛkɛ "Mazdéism" ŋgbɛyɛ piliŋa nakɛyɛ.
Yuu

You anasaayɩ yɔɔda taa lɛ, ɛhɩɖɛ tukuunaa kpɩnaa wena awɛkʊ tɔɔnasɩ nɛ a-ñɩɣzʊʊ mbʊ mbʊ akatʊʊ payɩ yɔ. Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ po-suŋ wɛ kpɛɖɛ, pekela wɛ lɔŋ sɩŋŋ nɛ ñʊʊ yɔ kpayɩɩ kɛ nɔɔ nɛ mɔɔʊ pɛgbɛŋda nɛ pɛwɛ cʊlʊ cʊlʊ. Yuŋ kɛ Muridé́́́s tɛ cejewiye taa mba, mba pɛwɛna wɛtʊ kʊyʊmtʊ  yɔ: Rattus rattus, yuŋ kɩkpɛɛdʊʊ, nɛ Rattus norvegicus, yuŋ weyi ɛlʊlʊʊ ɖɩɣa yuŋ mba ɖɩ-yaa se agunaa yɔ, weyi pɔɖɔʊ yɔ. Ɛlɛ, pʊwɛ se ɖɩtɩlɩ se tɔm be naayɛ wɛ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ atukuuna kpɩnaa wena awɛkʊ tɔnasɩ yɔ nɛ aavɛyɩ Muridés cejewiye taa, anaa-yɔ: yuu palmiste, yuu chinchilla… Ɛyʊ kpɛlɩkʊʊ kpɩnaa wena a-ñɩɣzʊʊ m-bɩyɔ yɔ ayɔ se ɛtɩlɩ-yɛ nɛ ɛɛkpayɛ nɛ awazɩ, ɛlakɩ nɛ kpɩnaa anaɣ amalɩnaɣ ɛyaa yaa ɛgbakʊ yɛ ɛzɩ kpɩnaa wena awɛkʊ sɩŋŋ yɔ nɛ ɛkʊʊ-yɛ. Yuŋ kɛ pʊyʊ kem dɔɖɔ ɛyʊ caanaʊ tɔm taa, nɛ ɛzakuliye hɔlʊ taa, nɛ pɔdɔm tukunaa ɖɔɖɔ hɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ.
Suu (mode)

Suu (Mode)
Suu payaɣ yaa lalaa tɔŋ size tɔɔlʋʋ. Suu tɔɔlʋʋ kɛna ɛyʋ yaa tɛtɛ kpɛnɛ tomna yaa tɔnʋʋ yɔ pɩyʋ huzuu. Suu yaa tɔɔlʋʋ kɛna wɛɖʋ ŋgʋ paa ɛyʋ weyi lɛ e-wondu suu yaa tɔɔlʋʋ. Paa wɛɛ yaa kpaɖʋ ŋgʋ lɛ, nɛ ku-wondu suu yaa tɔɔlʋʋ. Ɖoo lɔndaa wondu ndʋ ɖɔ-cɔzɔnaa suwaa yaa pɩsaŋ weyi pɔtɔɔlaa yɔ, pɩtɛkɛ wondu ndʋ yaa pɩsaŋ ɛnɩɩ ɖɩtɔɔlʋʋ halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ.

Ɛlɛ, paa pɩtɛ wondu ɖusuu yaa ɛzɩ pɩtɛ pɩsaŋ ɖɩtɔɔlʋʋ kɔyɔ, pɩtɛkɛ ɛzɩma ɖɔcɔzɔnaa mba posuwaa po-wondu yaa pɔtɔɔlaa pa-pɩsaŋ ɛnɩ yɔ ɖaɖʋɖɔ ɖusuu nɛ ɖɩtɔɔlʋʋ. Pɩtɛŋɛ payɩ mbɩ yɔ, pɩtalɩna nɔyʋʋ cɔlɔ. Ɖɩtɩlɩk size, pɩlɩna paa weyi ɛsɔɔlɩm pɔza-ɩ mbʋ yɔ pɩcɔlɔ. Ɛlɛ, nabɛyɛ wɛɛ nɛ palakɩ size lalaa lakɩ. Posuu po-wondu ɛlɛ, pɩfɛyɩ wɛɛ ɖeu, ɛlɛ lalaa suu yaa pɔtɔɔlʋʋ lɛ, pʋwɛ wɛɛ ɖeu.

Pʋyɔɔ yɔ, lɛlɛɛ taa mbɩ yɔ lɛ, ɖa-jɛɛ taa nɛ ɖa-egeeta kpeekpee taa kpem lɛ, wondu suu nɛ pɩsaŋ tɔɔlʋʋ pɩsa katɩɩzɩnaʋ laɣsɩ yaa tʋmɩyɛ ɖeke kpeɖem. Wondu suu yaa wondu tɔɔlʋʋ tɛkɛna ɛyʋ tomna yaa tɔnʋʋ yɔ huzuu laɣsɩ tʋmɩyɛ ɖeke ɛlɛ, pʋ-tʋmɩyɛ wala pɩtalɩ pɔtɔŋgʋ size ɛyʋ taɣ cɩyaʋ yɔ yaa, ɛyʋ ɛcandʋ ɖeɖe mɛɛsʋ yɔ, nɛ payaɣna yaa pamana fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "maquillage".

Tomnaɣ yɔ kusum yaa kʋtɔɔlɩm haɣ yaa sɔsʋʋ ɛyʋ keɖewa. Pʋyɔɔ yɔ, papɩzʋʋ pakpaɣ ɛyʋ wondu kususutu yɔɔ sɔzɩŋ nʋm nɛ pɛkpɛndɩ pʋʋ ɛyʋ keɖewa wondu kpeekpee taa. Sɔzɩŋ lɩm yaa num pʋnɛ, paya-pʋ yaa sakɩyɛ yaɣ pʋ size tulali yaa tulaaɖi. Pʋwɛ sɔzɩŋ kamaɣ fɛyɩ, nɛ pamɩzʋʋ pɩtɛ num yaa lɩm mbʋ kɛ wondu kusutu yaa kʋtɔɔlɩtʋ yɔɔ.

Ɛyʋ wɛɛ ɖoŋ ɖɔɖɔ siŋŋ nɛ, ɛpɩzʋʋ ɛlɛzɩ ɛ-tɔnʋʋ yaa e-tomna nɛ num ndɩ ndɩ. Pataɣ num yaa num kɔɔ nɛ tɔnʋʋ ɛɛlakɩ pɩnaɣ ka-tɩ lɛɛzɩ. Pɩɩkɛ tomna yaa tɔnʋʋ kɩkpɛdʋʋ kɔyɔ, kɩ-tɩ pɩsɩʋ kʋʋlʋmʋ, nɛ payaɣna fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "modifications corporelles". Sakɩyɛ lɛɛzʋʋ pɔ-tɔnɩŋ nɛ payaɣ size yɔɔ kpɛzʋʋ yɔ, pɩtɛkɩ falaa lakasɩ. Nabɛyɛ kpɛzʋʋ pɔtɔnɩŋ yaa po-tomnasi yɔ size patasɩ ɖeu. Lalaa lɛ, pɛkpɛzʋʋ mbʋʋ lɛ, pɩsa nɛ pan̄ɩnɩna liidiye, yee halʋ kɔyɔ abalaa tasɩ-ɩ sɔɔlʋʋ nɛ yee abalʋ kɔyɔ, halʋ n̄ɔsɔɔlɩ. Pɩkɛna n̄ɩm wɩlʋʋ lakasɩ ɖɔɖɔ kɛlɛ mbɩ yɔ.
Wɛɛ kɩfana yaa alɩwaatʊ kɩfatʊ (Renaissance)

Wɛɛ kɩfana yaa lʊlʊʊ kɩfam alɩwaatʊ pɩkɛ alɩwaatʊ kɩfatʊ wɛɛ ndʊ pɛkpɛnda matʊ alɩwaatʊ nɛ lɔnzɩɖɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ pɩlɩna ɛyʊ yɔɔ nɛ canaʊ taa lɛɛtʊ kpɛlɛkʊʊ ndʊ tɩpaɣzɩna Itaali ɖaɣnɩɣ lʊlʊʊ kɩfam alɩwaatʊ yɔ. Ɖɩcɔna nɛ ɖɩnaɣ yɔ ɖaɣnɩɣ lʊlʊʊ alɩwaatʊ hɩɣ pɩtɩ pɩtɩŋna nesi tɛ ñɩlɩ ñɩlɩ wonduu laɖaa tʊma yɔɔ, mba papɩzaɣ nɛ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ nɛ ɛyaa po-wonduu tɔm yɔ.

Pʊcɔ lʊlʊʊ kɩfam alɩwaatʊ natʊyʊ lɩɩ Itaalii tɛtʊ sakɩyɛ taa kpaɣ kpaɣɖʊ 13 ŋtalɩ 14 alɩwaatʊ (Duecento nɛ Trecento) pɩtalɩ kpaɣɖʊ 15 alɩwaatʊ taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ Itaali hɔlʊʊ sɔsɔʊ taa nɛ Ɛsɩpañɩ taa nɛ ERɔpʊ nɛ Hayi kiŋ hɔɔlɩŋ cikpeŋ nɩɩyɛ taa nɛ Caama ɛzɩ mbʊ ɛyʊ yaɣ se kajalaɣ lʊlʊʊ kɩfam alɩwaatʊ (Quattrocento) nɛ pɩtalɩ Erɔpʊ tɩŋga taa kpaɣɖʊ 16 wɛɛ taa (Cinquecento).

Pɩtɩŋna Jean Delumeau weyi ɛkɛ lʊlʊʊ kɩfam tɛ tɩlɩyʊ niye mʊyʊ yɔ ɛ-yɔɔ lɛ, ɖɩnɩɣ se lʊlʊʊ kɩfam tɔmpiye lɩna Itaali nɛ nesi tɛ ñɩlɩ ñɩlɩ tʊma laɖaa cɔlɔ kpaɣna kpaɣɖʊ 19 wɛɛ taa (Itaalɩ ɛyaa tɔŋ se sɔnɔ se Rinascimento). Tɔmpiyen lʊlʊʊ kɩfam walɩ wobu yɔɔ wobu yɔɔ.

Tɔmpiye lʊlʊʊ kɩfam ndɩ ɖɩkɛ wɛɛ pɩtɛkɛ se matʊ nɛ ñɩlɩ ñɩlɩ wonduu lɛɛzɩɣ kɩfam alɩwaatʊ ndʊ, palaba-tʊ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ kajalaɣ pɩlɩna Jean-Jacques Ampère pɩnaɣ 1840 taa alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛkɛdaɣ Fransɩɩ canaʊ matʊ tɔm pʊcɔ kpaɖʊ 12 nɛ pʊwayɩ kɛ Jules Michelet pɩnaɣ 1855 alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛkpaɣ ɛ-tɩ mbilim kpaɣɖʊ 16 taa nɛ ɛyɔɔdʊʊ lʊlʊʊ kɩfam tɔm pɩlɩna Fransɩɩ yɔɔ yɔ. Tɔmpiye ndɩ Suwiisi nesi tɛ ñɩlɩ ñɩlɩ tʊma canaʊ tɔm kɛɖɩyʊ ɖaɣnɩ tɔmʊʊ ŋgʊ kpaɣʊ pɩnaɣ 1860 ɛyʊ ɛnʊ lɛ, Jacob Burckhardt (pɩnzɩ 1818 ŋtalɩ 1897) kɛ ɛ-takayaɣ ŋga ɛma pɩlɩna Itaali ɖaɣnɩɣ lʊlʊʊ kɩfam tɔm yɔɔ yɔ.
 
Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛ-tɛ tɔm kpɛlɛkʊʊ kɛ kɔlɛzɩ ɖaŋ taa Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa pɩnaɣ 1942-1943 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, Fransɩɩ canaʊ tɔm kɛdɩyʊ Lucien Febvre wɩlɩɣ se Jules Michelet labɩna tɔmpiye ndɩ tʊmɩyɛ kɛ ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛ-lɩmazaɣ yɔɔ kɛnɛ. Ɖɩnaɣ kɔyɔ Jules Michelet lakaɣ tʊmɩyɛ wɩyaʊ Louis 14 yɔɔ kɛnɛ ŋgʊ pɩwɛyɩ pɔdɔdɩyɛ nɛ ɛ-halʊʊ tɛ sɩm.
Ñamɩyɛ nɛ calɩm hosi kʊdɔŋ (maladie cardio-vasculaire)

Ñamɩyɛ nɛ calɩm hosi kʊdɔmɩŋ kɛ kʊdɔmɩŋ weyi ɛkpaɣ hɔyɛ nɛ calɩm hosi ɛyʊ tɔmnaɣ taa. Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ ajɛyɛ taa lɛ, tɔmpiye kɛlɛʊ kɛlɛ se ñamɩyɛ calʊʊ calɩm hoka kʊdɔŋ, ŋgʊ tɩna laŋgɩyɛ taa wɩzasɩ kʊdɔŋ yaa ɖɔɖɔ kaɖɩtʊ kʊɖɔmɩŋ.

Kʊdɔmɩŋ ɛ-nʊ ɛkɩlɩɣ kpaʊ ɛyaa panɛyɔ, nesi tɛ tʊmaɣ laɖaa nɛ kʊzɔɔtʊ lonaa taa ɛyaa mba paafezɩɣ heelim kɩbam yɔ nɛ ɛyaa mba pakɩlɩɣ paɣlʊʊ yɔ. Pɛ-tɛ tɩlasɩ kɩkpaɖasɩ pɩnaɣ taa ɖɔ sakɩyɛ (ɛzɩ ɖɩkpaɣ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa mbʊ yɔ, kpaɣ kpaɣɖʊ 20 tɛmtʊ taa kɛ Nord-pas-de-Calais nɛ Alsace hɔɔlɩŋ taa, ageetaa naalɛ kɩkɩlɩɣ kpaʊ ɛjaɖɛ tɩŋga taa nɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ pɩcɛɣdɛ kʊdɔŋ. Kʊdɔŋ kɩwɛ kʊdɔmɩŋ weyi ɛhaɣ ɛyʊ alɩwaatʊ se ɛ-kɩyakɩŋ ɛɖalɩɣ yɔ ɛ-tɛ fezuu caɣʊʊ taa yɔ. Kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩtɩna se halɩpiyaa sakɩyɛ ɛpɩsɩɣ kɩmɛlɩmɩŋ.
 

Kʊdɔŋ kɩ-taɣnɛ Fransii ɛjaɖɛ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ kʊkʊ ɛyaa kpanɖaŋ sakɩyɛ. Kɩkɛ kʊdɔŋ naalɛ ŋgʊ kɛ pɩcɛɣɖɛ wayɩ ŋgʊ kɩ-kɩlɩɣ kʊʊ abalaa yɔ nɛ kajalaɣ kʊdɔŋ ŋngʊ kɩ-kɩlɩɣ kʊʊ halaa yɔ (pɩnaɣ 2008 wɩlɩɣ taa lɛ). Eerɔpʊ taa lɛ, kɩkɛ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kʊkʊ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ yɔ (ɖɩkpaɣ akpadɩyaa pɩnzɩ 75 tɩna kɔyɔ, ɛyaa naatozo yɔ lɛ, kʊyʊm sɩkɩna kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ).

Kedeŋga taa ŋgbɛɛ ndɩ ɖɩlʊkɩ tɔnʊʊ taa alaafɩya ñɩnʊʊ yɔɔ yɔ ndɩ payaɣ se OMS ŋgbɛyɛ tɛ akɔnta labʊ taa yɔ ɖɩtɔŋ se ɛyaa 1/3 tɛ sɩm lɩnɛ ñamɩyɛ nɛ calɩm hosi kʊdɔmɩŋ cɔlɔ pɩlɩna. Pʊtʊnaa mba peyekaɣ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩpɩzɩɣ ɛyaa yɔ tɛ pasʊʊ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɖɔkɔtɔ naa ɖoŋ sɩnaa nɛ kʊdɔŋ kɩpasɩ nɛ pɩɖaŋ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ sɩm Etaazuuni ajɛyɛ taa pɩnzɩ 1980 nɛ 2000 taa. Ɛjaɖɛ kʊyʊmɖɩyɛ ndɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa 1/3 tɛ sɩm lɩna ñamɩyɛ nɛ calɩm hoka kʊdɔŋ cɔlɔ. Ɛyaa 1/5 tɛ sɩm lɩna ñamɩyɛ calʊʊ calɩm hoka cɔlɔ. Ɛyaa 1/8 tɛ sɩm lɩna laŋgɩyɛ kʊdɔŋ cɔlɔ (pɩnaɣ 2005 wɩlɩyɛ).

Yee sɩnɩyaa nabɛyɛ kaawɛ nɛ pasɩna ɛyaa kajalaɣ wɩzasɩ taa kɔyɔ, ɖɩmazaɣ se ɛyaa taakɩlɩɣ sɩbʊʊ pʊɖɔɔ. Mbʊ piyeki nɛ ɛyaa kɩlɩɣ sɩbʊʊ nɛ ñamɩyɛ nɛ calɩm hosi kʊɖɔŋ yɔ mbʊ yɔ, hosaɣ lɩm kɩ-kɩlɩm ɖɔʊ nɛ calɩm kɩlɩɣ ɖɔʊ ɛyʊ tomnaɣ taa nɛ sikiri hɩm kʊdɔŋ nɛ yuŋ kɩkɩlɩm nɛ taba kʊyɔɔ paa kakʊʊ yaa kaakʊʊ.
  
Ñamɩyɛ nɛ calɩm kʊdɔmɩŋ lɩna wɛtʊ naa mba ɖɩtɛm pɔtɔm yɔɔdʊʊ pɩɖɛɛ yɔ tɛ kpɛndʊʊ nɛ pɩkɔŋna tɩlasɩ siŋ lʊlʊʊ taa ɖɛzɩtʊ nɛ tomnaɣ kiɖe num tʊmɩyɛ tɛ ɛyʊ tomnaɣ taa. Piyeki nɛ pɩkpazɩɣ ɖoŋ sakɩyɛ calɩm hoka kɩmabaɣ nɛ pɩpɔzɩɣ se paɖanɩ ciiduu nɛ pɔcɔlɩ calɩm hosi kɩfasɩ.