open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Pasɩtɛkɩ

Pasɩtɛkɩ (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai, pɩnaɣ 1916), payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se melon lɩm, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Fransɩɩ hɔɔlʊʊ Kanadaa ɛjaɖɛ taa, kɩkɛ ñɩɩyʊʊ tɩŋ, kɩlɩnɛ kukurɩbɩtasɩ tɩmʊʊ lide taa. Kɩ-tɛ Afrika Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ nɛ pahayʊʊ-kʊ sakɩyɛ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ kɩ-pee paɣlaɣ, a-lozi, a-taa mʊtʊ sɛ cɩɩɩ, pʊwɛ ɖɔɖɔ sʊtʊ lɩm tɩyɛ, pɩwɛ tɩŋ hatʊ sɛmɩŋ, pʊhʊlɩmɩ nɛ pɩtaa pee cɩkpenaa wɛ kpɛdɩŋ yaa sɛmɩŋ. Kɩ-tɛ yatʊ wɩlʊʊ kɩ-maɣmaɣ kɩ-wɛtʊ nɛ kɩpɩɣʊʊ lɛ, kɩ-yuŋ maɣna ɛzɩ kilonaa kɩgbanzɩ nɛ nɛɛlɛ hɛkʊʊ taa mbʊ yɔ.

      
Pʊwɛ se ɛyʊ ɛɖʊ tʊkaɣ pasɩtɛkɩ ŋgʊ pɔtɔkɩ yɔ nɛ sikiri tɛ pasɩtɛkɩ yaa sitire (citre) ŋgʊ paatɔkɩ kpaagba yɔ. Pasɩtɛ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Courge gigérine yaa Courge barbarine Fransɩ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ taa yɔ. Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, payaɣ-kʊ se anguria yaa cocomero, Turki ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, karpuz, Pɔritigaalɩ nɛ Piresiili ajɛyɛ taa lɛ, melancia, sandia kɛ Ɛsɩpaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, watermelon kɛ Ɛnglɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ yaa ɖɔɖɔ スイカ (suika) Sapɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa.

　  
Réunion ɛjaɖɛ tɛ (Ɛndɩ lɩŋgamʊʊ taa Fransɩ kuduyuu tɛ) paya pasɩtɛkɩ se melon. Pɩtɛ yiiduu mbʊ pɩlɩnɛ mbʊ pʊcɔlɔ yɔ se pɩkɛ kajalaɣ taa kɛlɛ tɩŋ piye ndɩ paɖʊ-ɖɩ lɩm hɛkʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ taa pɩtɩŋnɛ Ɛnglɩsɩ mɛlɛ sayaa cɔlɔ kpaɣɖʊ 19 alɩwaatʊ taa. Pasɩtɛkɩ ŋgʊ payaɣ Ɛnglɩsɩ taa se watermelon, lɩm hɛkʊ taa tɛtʊ yɔ mba taatɩɩsɩnda ɖooo canaʊ alɩwaatʊ taa melon tɩtɩŋga lɛ, pɛkpɛndʊʊ payaɣ se pasɩtɛkɩnaa tɩŋnɛ se melon waa. Pʊwayɩ kpanɛ kpaɣɖʊ nɛɛlɛ alɩwaatʊ taa Fransɩ mba yeba nɛ patɩlɩ melon lɛ, yatʊ Fransɩ melon lɛ, petisiɣ. Paa ɛzɩ sɔnɔ yɔɔdaɣ taa yiiduu mbʊ papɩzaɣ pɔñɔɔzɩ-tʊ sakɩyɛ taa kɔyɔ, papɩzɩɣ paɖɩɩnɛ-tʊ nɩɩɩ ɖɔɖɔ Réunion mba tɔm pee kɩpɩnɛɛ taa.
Patrice Lumumba

Palʋla Patrice Émery Lumumba hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ naalɛ ñɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1925 Onalua tɛtʋ taa. Onalua tɛtʋ kɛ Kɔŋgo Pɛlɩjɩ (Congo Belge) ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ natʋyʋ. Patrice Lumumba wona sɔsaa mulum kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ lʋbɛ (17) ñɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1961 taa. Patrice Lumumba tasɩ ɛ-sɩm kɩsɩbʋ, ɛlɛ, pakʋ-ɩ kʋkʋʋ.

Katanga tɛtʋ taa, village ŋgʋ kɩñɔtɩna Mwadingusha egetiye kpam yɔ, kɩ-taa pakʋ-ɩ. 

Patrice Lumumba kɛkɛ Kɔŋgoo Pɛlɩjɩ ɛjaɖɛ kewiyaɣ nɔɔyɔɔ tʋ kpaɣ mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna salaŋ fenaɣ, pɩnaɣ 1960 ñɩŋa taa. Ɛ nɛ sɔsɔ weyi payaɣ se Joseph Kasa-Vubu yɔ, palakaɣna tʋmɩyɛ. Ɖajaa Joseph Kasa-Vubu kɛ Kɔŋgoo Pɛlɩjɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa sɔsaa mba palʋba siŋŋ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ, ɖɩlɩɩ ɖi-yomiye taa yɔ, pa-taa lɛlʋ.

Patrice Lumumba pasɩma Kɔŋgoo Pɛlɩjɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa se ɛnʋ kɛŋna kalalaɣ waɖʋ ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʋ lʋbʋ nʋmɔʋ taa.

## Ɛ-tɛ sukuli labʋ nɛ ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ
Patrice Lumumba laba anasaayɩ naa Katoliki sukuli ɛtɛ. Ɛlakaɣ tʋmɩyɛ siŋŋ e-sukuli taa. Ɛlaba ɖɔɖɔ Prɩmaanɩ waa sukuli. Prɩmaanɩ waa sukuli ŋ́gʋ, Suweduwaa ɛjaɖɛ taa ɛyaa tʋlɩna-kʋ Kɔŋgoo Pɛlɩjɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa.

Pɛlɩjɩ ɛjaɖɛ kacaɣna Kɔŋgoo ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋ yɔɔ, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, Pɛlɩjɩ ɛjaɖɛ ñazaɣna Kɔŋgoo ɛjaɖɛ taa ñɩma. Pɛlɩjɩ ɛjaɖɛ ńɖɩ, ɖɩtaɖʋ nesi siŋŋ se sukuli labʋ ɛɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa camɩyɛ Kɔŋgoo ɛjaɖɛ taa, halɩ pʋkɔɔ pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1954 ñɩŋa taa. Anasaayɩ naa Katoliki sukuli naa ɖeke kakɩlɩna wɛʋ. 

Pɩnaɣ 1954 taa Kɔŋgoo ɛjaɖɛ taa sukuli wɩlɩyaa nabɛyɛ ɖʋ ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ, ɖɩlʋkɩ se sukuli labʋ ɛɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa Kɔŋgoo Pɛlɩjɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛlɛ, patawɩlɩɣ sukulipiya se sɩɩkɔɔ sɩpɩsɩ lɔŋsɩnɖaa sɔsaa kɛ cee yɔɔ, pɛkpɛlɛkaɣ-sɩ nesi tɛɛ tʋma labʋ siŋŋ kɛna. Ɛlɛ, Patrice Lumumba ñɛcɛyɩ ɛ-tɩ kpem nɛ ɛla caanaʋ tɔm sukuli.
Payɛ

Payɛ kɛ ɛtyʋ tɩ ciɣduu. Ɛyʋ tomnaɣ yaa ɛ-yɔɔ pilinzi ciɣduu lakɩ nɛ pɩcɔlɩ minziiki mabʋ taa. Ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩkpaɣ ɛzɩ-ɩ peteu hendu yɔ taa yaa pamakʋ soo ndɩ ndɩ yɔ taa kɛ pɩlakɩ ɛyʋ size ɛpaɣ. Paʋ taa peɖe kɛ eciɣduu e-tomnaɣ.

Patʋ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩɩna soo mabʋ ɖeɖe yaa hendu teu taa mbɩ yɔ. Soo mabʋ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ mbʋ ɖɔɖɔ hendu ndʋ peteu yɔ, tɛwɛ ɖɔɖɔ ndɩ ndɩ. Mbʋ yebina nɛ patʋ wɛ ɖɔɖɔ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩɩna soo mabʋ nɛ hendu pɛkpɛndʋ taa.

Payɛ kɛna ɖɔɖɔ, ciɣduu kpɛm, pʋtɔbʋʋ size, ɛyʋ weyi ɛwɛ ɛpaɣ yɔ, ŋna-ɩ kɔ yɔ ŋna size e-tomnaɣ tɩŋkɛ woki kpɛm kɛ hɔlʋʋ kʋɖʋmʋʋ yaa hɔlɩŋ tɩŋkɛ yɔɔ. Alɩwaatʋ tɩŋkɛ taa ɖɔɖɔ mbɩ yɔ, payʋ pɩzɩɣ eciɣdi e-tomnaɣ pilinzi ɖɔɖɔ.

Yendu ndʋ pɛwɛ peteu tʋ yɔ ndʋ pewelesuu nɛ papaɣ yaa soo wena pɛwɛ pamakɩ yɛ yɔ, ana panɩʋ nɛ papaɣ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɛyaa com yaa sakɩyɛ payɛ wɛ nɛ payaɣ ɖɩ nɛ Fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size ballet. Anasaayɩ sɔnzɩ yaa wazasɩ payɛ wɛ ɖɔɖɔ.

Ɛyʋ pɩzɩʋ eciɣduu e-tomnaɣ pilinzi yem alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛsaŋ Ɛsɔ yɔ yaa ɛsiŋkʋ kumoɖe naɖɩyɛ tɛɛ lɛ mbɩ yɔ. Pɩkɛna ɖɔɖɔ payɛ. Pɩtɛ ɛyʋ ɛnʋ ŋnɩʋ eteu yendu natʋyʋ, ŋnɩʋ soo nayɛ taŋ. Pɩkɛna kaayɔɔdaɣ maɣzɩtʋ payɛ yaa kaayɔɔdʋtʋ tɛ maɣzɩm payɛ. Payɛ kɛna aleɣya yaa taɣ leleŋ pɩyʋ.

Kaayɔɔdʋtʋ maɣzɩm payɛ kɛ Aazii ɛjaɖɛ samaɣ kɩlɩʋ paʋ. Paya nabʋyʋ taa papayɛ naɖɩɩ size sɩɣgbelasɩ saɣʋʋ payɛ. Sɩɣgbelasɩ saɣyaa nɛ koosi maɖaa nabɛyɛ nɩ yatʋ siŋŋ kɛ payɛ yaa patʋ hɔɔlʋʋ taa.

Pataɣ nabɛyɛ hɩla kɔ yɔ : ɖajaa sɔsɔ Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux pɩlɩɩna payɛ nɖɩ paya ɖɩ nɛ Fransɩɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size Opéra Garnier kɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ ndʋ payatʋ size Paarii yɔ tɩ-taa.
Pazɩtʋ, tɔm hʋʋ nɛ kpɛzɩyɛ

Kabɩyɛ taa lɛ, paa sɩm mbʋ pɩwɛna tɔbʋʋ: paa pɩɩtɩɩkɛna akpadɩyʋ yaa pɩɣa, efebu yaa pɛlɔ. Mbʋ yebina nɛ nɔɔyʋ ɛzɩba kɔyɔ, pɩwɛɛ se pabazɩ nɛ pana se lee ɛsɩm lɩnaa yaa ɛbɛ kʋyɩ. Pepiŋ sɩɖʋ nɛ pɛtɛ lɛ, halʋ ɖalaa, kɔɔnaa nɛ neewaa pekpŋ ɖɩɣa taa nɛ pañɩnɩ pazɩyʋ yaa pazɩyaa ɛzɩ naalɛ yaa naatozo nɛ ɛpazɩ nɛ pana se ɛbɛ laba nɛ po-kɔɔwʋ sɩkɩ yem mbʋ. Mbʋ payaɣ se pazɩtʋ. 

Pazɩtʋ ndʋ kpaaŋ nɔnɔɔtaa nɛ  ɛyaa kpeekpe ɛsɩntaa kɛ weyi ɛpɔzʋ pazɩyʋ yɔ ɛpɔzɩɣ-ɩ tɔm ndʋ pazɩyʋ ɛpɩ ecosi-i nɛ ɛnɩɩ sɩm mbʋ pʋtɔbʋʋ yɔ. Pɩtɛkɛ paa anɩ pɩzɩɣna ɛkɛ pazɩyʋ: pɩwɛɛ se ɛyʋ ɛkɛ kɩnatʋ nɛ ɛwɛɛna aleewaa ɖɔɖɔ. Yee sɩm mbʋ pɩlɩna hadɛtʋ nɔɔyʋ cɔlɔ kɔyɔ, pɩwayɩ lɛ, pañɩnɩɣ tɩwaa nɛ pasʋzɩ yaa payaa hadɛtʋ ɛnʋ nɛ pana se ɛbɛ laba nɛ pakʋ-ɩ. Ɖabata taa lɛ, pɩtatɩlɩ peyeba hadɛtʋ ɛnʋ kɩlaŋ laʋ pʋyɔɔ kɛ ɛla ɛ-tɩ ɛyʋ. Ɛlɛ yee pɩkɛ ɛsɩndʋ ɛkʋna-ɩ kɔyɔ pɩwɛɛ se pahʋna-ɩ kɛ tɔm. Tɔm ndʋ paapaazʋ-tʋ hʋʋ lɛ, pacalɩ-ɩ yaʋ kɛ kooka wiyaʋ tɛ nɛ yee pɩcakɩ lɛ pʋcɔ powona efeleu ɛnʋ kɛ tɛtʋ cikpetu wiyau tɛ nɛ eetiziu kpem se pakpa ɛyɔɔ kɛ kɩkpaʋ lɛ, paya-ɩ tɔm kɛ kantɔɔ wiyaʊ tɛ. Yee peeɖe ɖɔdɔ weyi pazɩʋ nɛ tɩwaa pakpa efeletu mbʋyɔ yɔ, kantɔɔ ha-wɛɛ nɔɔ nɛ pɛɖɛɛ kpɩzɩyɛ.

## Ɛzɩma pɔñɔɔzʋʋ kpɛzɩyɛ?
Pɔñɔɔzɩɣ kpɛzɩyɛ yɔ ñeneɣa yaa celiɣa nakayɩ taa kɛ paɖʋ sɔtʋ nɛ sɔka pasɩɩ mɩzaɣ yɔɔ. Tɩʋ nɛ weyi pakpa efeletu yɔ mba saŋʋna. Paapaazɩɣ lɛ, pataa paanɩ lɛ, pɔcɔ nɛ ewolo lɛ, ɛɖɔkʋ penim nɛ pasɩɣ taataɣ ŋga miŋ yɔɔ mbʋ lɛ, papɩɩ pe-penim mbʋ ka-taa nɛ kpɛzɩyʋ ɖʋyʋ ɖʋ miŋ nɛ etiɣ-i camɩyɛ kpeŋ kpeŋ. Penim mbʋ pɩwasɩɣ camɩyɛ lɛ, pɛlɛkɩ nɛ palɩzɩ sɔka ŋga kɛwɛ ñenewa ŋga ka-taa yɔ. Tɩʋ nɛ weyi pakpa efeletu mbʋ yɔ pɛlɛkɩɣ nɛ weyi ɛwɛna toovenim yɔ ɛɖeke ɛpɩzɩɣna ɛlɩzɩ sɔka piyele weyi ɛkpɛzɩɣ yaa ɛcɛtaa yɔ, penim hʋʋ waaa nɛ pɩña-ɩ nɛ ɛyɔɔ la heŋ. Pɩtɛkɛ sɩm yaa efeletu ɖeke wokɩna ɛyaa kɛ kpɛzɩyɛ taa: mɩlɩm, kʋdɔndʋtʋ yaa mbʋ mbʋ pɩfɛyɩ ɖeu yɔ, pɩwokɩna ɛyaa kɛ kpɛzɩyɛ taa ɖɔɖɔ.
Paŋgii

Paŋgii kɛna tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkɩla walanzɩ kɛ Santrafriki ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ cikpetu kpeekpe taa. Tɛtʊ ndʊ, ndʊ ɖɔɖɔ kɛŋna Santirafrika tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ. Ɛyaa mba pɛwɛ peeɖe yɔ pɛwɛʊ ɛzɩ ɛyaa miliyɔɔ kʊɖʊmʊʊ nɛ nasɩlɛ mbʊ yɔ (1 200 000). Purundi wɛ lɩm pɔɔŋga payaɣ se Ubaŋgi yɔ nɛ ke-nesi kɩpanzɩ yɔɔ kiŋ. 

Pɔɔ ŋga, kɛwɛna Santirafrika nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ tobiɛ nɛ fransɩɩ taa se RDC yɔ pa-kamaɣ yɔɔ. Ubaŋgi pɔɔ ŋga, ka-lɩmɩyɛ yɔɔ kiŋ lɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Soŋgo yɔ nɛ tɩkɛ Kɔŋgo Kinsasa tɛtʊ yɔ ndʊ ñɛwɛna. Pɔɔ kanɛ keɖeke kañandʊna kpɛm ɛzɩma pɛtɛzɩna tadɩyɛ wondu kɛ Purundi tɛtʊ taa mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ lɩm wɛɛ nɛ pɩɩtɛŋ. 

Ñɩɩtʊ kulubutu tʊma sɩm ndɩ ndɩ lu pɩsaŋ, tokonaa nɛ pantalaŋ, naakomnaa. Peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ pɔñɔɔzʊ tɔɔnasɩ kʊtɔɔsɩ nɛ pasɩɣ sɩɩwɛɛkʊʊ, patɩsʊ yaa pobuu kpalabanaa taa sʊlʊm nɛ pasaɣ fɔɔfɔɔnaa ɖɔɖɔ. Mbʊ pakɩlɩɣ pɛdʊʊ nɛ awayɩ yɔ lɛ tiyamaɣ, pɩsatʊ yaa yɔlɩtʊ, ɖasɩ, kɔfɩ nɛ taŋgbaka. 
 
Ubaŋgi taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ sukili sʊsɔʊ kɩtɛzʊʊ wɛɛ nɛ kʊkʊ ñɛkɛna mbʊ pɩkɛna tɔsʊʊ pɩyʊ kpem yɔ. Ɛzɩ Ubaŋgi ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe taa yɔ, kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pɔyɔɔdʊʊ komina tʊma taaa nɛ pawɩlʊʊ-kʊ sukulinaa taa ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, ŋgʊ lɛ saŋgo nɛ fransɩɩ.
Paŋgiizi

Mbʊ payaɣ se paŋgiiizi (Banquise) yɔ, pɩkɛ lɩm taa ɖombe sɛŋgɛlɩtʊ. Nabʊyʊ ɛɛpɩzɩɣ pɩcaɣ wezuu paŋgiizi yɔɔ. Ɛlɛ, nabʊyʊ pɩzɩɣ pɩcaɣ wezuu lɩm tɛɛ.  Ɖombiye sɛŋgɛlʊʊ tɛɛ papɩzɩɣ pana mbʊ payaɣ se «Explorer’s Cove» yɔ pɩtɛ paŋgiizi (New Harbor, détroit de McMurdo). Papɩzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ pana lɩm tɛɛ wondu ndɩ ndɩ pɔɔya. Paŋgiizi ɖompiye sɛŋgɛlɩtʊ ndʊ, lɩm sɔsɔm yɔɔ pɩmaɣ. Lɩm kiɣna nɛ pɩpɩsɩɣ ɖompe. Teŋgu taa lɩm yaa lɩŋgamɩŋ taa ñɩmbʊ yaa pɔsɩ taa lɩm kiɣna nɛ pɩpɩsɩɣ ɖompe. Lɩm taa nabʊyʊ wɛɛ nɛ payaɣ-pʊ se kalɔtɩ klasiyɛɛrɩ (calottes glaciaires) waa. Pacaɣ wɛʊ ɛzɩ ɖompe wena a-tɔm ɖɩyɔɔdʊʊ yɔ, ɛlɛ, pɩtɛkɛ ana. Paba lɛ, tɛʊ sɔsɔʊ nɩɣ nɛ ɖomba wena alɩɣna ɛsɔdaa nɛ atɔlʊʊ yɔ, ana kpɛdɩɣna nɛ pɩpɩsɩɣ lɩm taa taŋganaa mba. Paŋgiizi kʊbɩnʊʊ kpɛndɩɣ pɩtalɩ walanzɩ naadozo yaa naanza mbʊ yɔ. Paŋgiizi ŋgʊ payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se pɩnaɣ paŋgiizi yaa niikaɣ alɩwaatʊ paŋgiizi yɔ, kiileɖiɣ pɩtalɩ pɩnaɣ tɩŋɛ. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ payaɣ se hiver polaire yɔ, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa pɩnaɣ paŋgiizi paɣzʊʊ maʊ sɛŋgɛlɩtʊ. Kɩpaɣzɩɣ maʊ sɛŋgɛlɩtʊ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ teŋgu lɩm takɩlɩ saʊ miŋ kpaŋŋ yɔ. Teŋgu taalɩm wɛʊ niikaɣ fɩnɩnɩ. Halɩ feveku tiki -1, 8 °c tɛɛ mbʊ yɔ.  Niikaɣ alɩwaatʊ taa ɖompe kiɣ atalɩ mɛta yaa mɛtɛnaa naalɛ mbʊ yɔ. Halɩ pɛtɛkpɛndɩna ɖompe cikpena wena amaɣ paŋgiizi ŋgʊ kɩ-yɔɔ yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1980 taa pamaɣzɩ aritiki tɛ paŋgiizi nɛ pana se ki-kigiŋ kɛ kpaɣ mɛtɛnaa 1,89 nɛ pɩtalɩ mɛtɛnaa 2,62. Pɩnaɣ 2012 taa lɛ, ki-kigiŋ tiba kpaɣ mɛta kʊɖʊmʊʊ nɛ puwolo pɩtalɩ mɛtɛnaa 1,75. Kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1980 taa nɛ pɩnaɣ 2012 ñɩŋga taa lɛ, kpaɣ lakɩŋ fenaɣ ɖɩ-tɛnɖɛ nɛ puwolo pɩtɛyɩ agoza fenaɣ kɩmaŋ lɛ paŋgiizi ɖompe kiɣ nɛ pɩkɩlɩ. Ɛlɛ, kpaɣnɩ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ ɖɩ-tɛnɖɛ nɛ puwolo kamɩŋ fenaɣ tɛyɩ kɩmaŋ lɛ, paŋgiizi ɖompe ɛɛkɩlɩɣ kiu. Lakɩŋ fenaɣ ɖɛʊ kpa lɛ, paŋgiizi ɖompe sɛŋgɛlɩtʊ tazɩɣ ɖaɣlʊʊ nɛ pɩkɩlɩ kpem. Tɩpɩlɩɣ ɖama yɔɔ halɩ pɩtalɩ kilomɛtɛnaa 9,5. Ɛlɛ, ti-huuu pasɩɣ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ paŋgiizi woki kiɖuuna Kanadaa nɛ Ruusii pe-kidemiŋ yɔ.
Paritenɔɔ

Paritenɔɔ kɛna Kuduyuu sʋsɔʋ ŋgʋ pama-kʋ nɛ kɩkɛ ɖoŋ ihosiye sɩɣkpelaɣ kumoɖe yɔ kɛ panteliki. Nɛ kɩwɛ Akropɔɔlɩ kɛ Atɛnɩ tɛtʋ taa. Paritenɔɔ kaakɛ ɛgɔlɔmɩyɛ halɩn̄ɩnɖɛ kuduyuu sʋsɔʋ kɛ Athèna.

Ɛgɔlɔmɩyɛ halɩn̄ɩnɖɛ ɖɩnɛ, nɖɩ ɖɔkaɣna ɛjaɖɛ tɛtʋ sʋsɔtʋ, kɛ yoŋ alɩwaatʋ taa nɛ ɖiyeki size samaɣ ɛwɛ lɔŋ nɛ lɛɣtʋ nɛ pɩtasɩna n̄amtʋ.

Pɩtɛkɛna kuduyuu sʋsɔʋ nakʋyʋ ɛzɩ ɖɩnɩɣ yɔdaɣ tobi taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ, pɩkɛna ɛyʋ nimm wɛtʋ yaa sɩɣkpelaɣ ŋga kɛfɛyɩ ɛzɩ yaa kɛtɛkɛ sɔnzɩ wonuu ŋgʋ palakaɣna-kʋ ɖooo lɔndaa kuduyuŋ sʋsɔŋ tɛɛ yɔ. Akropɔɔlɩ tɛtʋ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa kɛ panawaa kuduyuŋ kɩbɩŋ sʋsɔŋ ɛnɛ. Ɛ-taa kɛ xoanon kaawɛɛ nɛ pɩlɛɣzʋ Athéna Polias.

Ɛlɛ, ɖɩnɩ size kuduyuu sʋsɔʋ kʋnɛ, kɩkɛ kriselefantiini sɩɣkpelaɣ ŋga kɛkɛ, ɛgɔlɔmɩyɛ halɩn̄ɩnɖɛ kɛ Athéna Parthénos. Pɩkɛna Phidia tʋmɩyɛ sʋsɔyɛ naɖɩ kɛlɛ mbɩ yɔ. Mbʋ pɩyɔ yɔ, pɩwaza peɖe kɛ Atɛnɩ tɛtʋ taa mba size powokina pahaɖɛ loniye nɖɩ ɖi-taa. Tɛtʋ ndʋ, tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ n̄ɩm kɛwɛɛ.

Nɛ pɩwɛ mɛsaɣ tɛɛ ɛzɩ n̄ɩlɩm yɔ kɛ naos (kilos 1150 wɛɛ ɛzɩ n̄ɩlɩm yɔ nɛ pɩkpɛndɩ pɩkɛ sɩɣkpelaɣ nɛ yee pɩzaɣ miŋ ɛzɩ haŋga lɩwa yɔ, papɩzʋ pacɩɩ kɔ-yɔɔ).

Nɛ adyton lɛ, ɛlɛ taa pekpeɣlaɣ Atɛnɩ tɛtʋ taa nɛ ligue de Delos pa-n̄ɩm. Paritenɔɔ kɛna weweɣ kuduyuu ŋgʋ kɩwɛna kɩ-taa kumola sakɩyɛ wena pɔtɔza a-yɔɔ peɖe nɛ pɔn̄ɔɔzʋʋ yɛ size ɛyaa ɛtasɩ yɛ naʋ yɔ. Awɛ Greek Revival ɛjaɖɛ lɛɣtʋ matʋ taa kɛnɛ kɛ ɛ-kpɔŋ 19 taa.
Pasifiki Lɩŋamʋʋ

**Pasifiki Lɩŋgamʊʊ** kɛna lɩŋgamʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkɩla walɩɣ lɛɛŋ payɩ keteŋga kpeekpe taa yɔ. Kɩ-walanzɩ taa makʊʊna 166&nbsp;241&nbsp;700 km²; yaa ɛzɩ pɛtɛya keteŋga kpeekpe tam nautozo kɔ yɔ, kɩ-ɖeke kɩkpakɩɣ hɔɔlʊʊ kpem. Pasifiki Lɩŋgamʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwadɩɣna Océanie tɩŋga nɛ tɛtʊ ñabɩ natʊyʊ ndʊ lɩm cɔɔ nɛ pɩtaa yɔ pɩna tɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ ndʊ lɩm cɔɔ-tʊ nɛ pɩtaa nɛ tɩtakɩlɩ poliŋ nɛ ɖama yɔ;  ɛzɩ: Asia taa yɔ (Japɔŋ, Filipini, Insulinde). Asia, Ositraalii nɛ Amerika pɔpcɔna Pasifiki Lɩŋgamʊʊ kpɛɛɛ nɛ pɩtaa. Hadɛ kɩŋ lɛ, Ostraali Lɩŋgamʊʊ pɩzɩnaa. Hadɛ kɩŋ peeɖe ɖɔdɔ lɛ, caŋga ŋga ka-wayɩ alɩwaatʊ  lɛzɩɣ yɔ, kɛwɛ meridien 180 ñɩŋgʊ ɖeyi ɖeyi.
Paŋgɩladɛɛsɩ

Paŋgɩladɛɛsɩ ɛjaɖɛ wɛ Ɛndɩ tɛtʊ taa nɛ tɩwɛna Baŋgalɩ hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kʊsʊʊ nɛ teŋʊ taa yɔ kɩcɔlɔ kpam nɛ pɩwɛ Indɩ cɔlɔ. Paŋgɩladɛɛsɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Pirmaanii pazɩna ɖama kamaɣ. Paŋgɩladɛɛsɩ ɛjaɖɛ lɛ, ɖɩñɔ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ Indɩ wɛ hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣna fransɩ taa se Dominion du Pakistan yɔ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1957.

Dominion du Pakistan ŋgʊ kɩpɩsɩna kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1956 kɛ  ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ sɔnɔ se Paakistaanɩ maliŋ ɛjaɖɛ yɔ. Paŋgɩladɛɛsɩ taa ɛyaa yɔɔdɩɣ kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ payaɣ se ourdou yɔ. Ɛndɩ nɛ URSS pasɩna Paŋgalɩ ñɩma mba pɛwɛ Pakɩstaanɩ yɔ nɛ pamʊ pa-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1971. Pɩlaba mbʊ lɛ, ɛsɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ sɛɛ nɛ you nakʊyʊ lɩɩ peeɖe nɛ ɛyaa ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa naatozo mbʊ yɔ hiu sɩm nɛ mba paba sewa yɔ pɛwɛɛ ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa hiu yɔ; piyele nɛ mba pakpa-wɛ nɛ pasʊ na-wɛ yɔ pɛwɛ ɛzɩ kutokiŋ nasɩlɛ yɔ.

Paŋgɩladɛɛsɩ taa ɖiu ɖiu caɣʊ nɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ fɛyɩ: komina nɔsɩ ɖɛya tɛma talɩɣ hiu nɛ naanza nɛ paanɩ ɛñɩnɩɣ se ɛmʊ kewiyaɣ nɛ ɖoŋ; nɛ pɩtɛma talɩɣ ɛzɩ hiuy nɛ naanza ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ yɔ. Keteŋa kpeekpe taa taa lɛ, Paŋgɩladɛɛsɩ taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖama kpɩtɩnaʊ; nɛ kilomɛta naa agbaba naalɛ taa lɛ, ɛyaa wɛ ɛzɩ kutoku mbʊyɔ: 1 000 hab/km. Paŋgɩladɛɛsɩ wɛ aŋgba cabɩ taa; Commonwealth taa ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1972,  ASACR, nɛ BIMSTEC  taa. Paŋgɩladɛɛsɩ tɛ ɛjaɖɛ ñʋʋtʋ kacalaɣ ñɩnʋ kɔyɔ Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (1920-1975) nɛ wayɩ wayɩ ñɩnʊ kɔyɔ Abdul Hamid (1944-). Wayɩ wayɩ ñɩnʊ ɛnɛ ɛlɛɛzɩna Zillur Rahman (1929-2013).
Paɣtʊ (Loi)

Ɛyʊ waɖɛ tʊmɩyɛ nʊmɔʊ taa lɛ, mbʊ payaɣ se paɣtʊ yɔ, ɛyaa maɣmaɣ cakɩna nɛ paɖʊ-tʊ. Paɖuu-tʊ nɛ pɩtɛ lɛ, tɩwɛɛ paa weyi ɛ-ñʊʊ yɔɔ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se paa weyi ɛwɛ paɣtʊ tɛɛ. Paɣtʊ makɩ paa anɩ. Paa ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ, paa kewiyaɣ ñʊʊdʊ, paa paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa maɣmaɣ ñʊʊdʊ, paɣtʊ makɩ-ɩ. Ɖɩkpaɣ habɩyɛ yɔɔ ɖɔm paɣtʊ nɛ ɖɩnaɣ. Pesiɣ haba nʊmayasa taa tilima nɛ paɖʊ a-yɔɔ laatriki miŋ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ paɣtʊ tɔŋ se yes laatriki miŋ kɩsɛmɩŋ ɛlɩna kɔyɔ, pʊwɛɛ se lɔɔɖa sayaa nɛ kpokpo sayaa nɛ cɛɛcɛ sayaa pasɩŋ nɛ naŋgbanzɩ ɖɔna ɖɛɛ. Yes laatriki miŋ weyi ɛwɛ ɛzɩ hatʊ tɔlɩm yɔ ɛlɩna kɔyɔ, pʊbʊ payaɣ nʊmɔʊ lɔɔɖa sayaa nɛ kpokpo sayaa nɛ cɛɛcɛ sayaa se pɛɖɛɛ.  

Yee mbʊ, paa ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ yaa kewiyaɣ ñʊʊdʊ yaa paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa maɣmaɣ ñʊʊdʊ ɛɖɛɣ nɛ laatriki miŋ kɩsɛmɩŋ lɩɩ kɔyɔ, ɛsɩŋɩɣ. Ɛtasɩŋ kɔyɔ, habɩyɛ yɔɔ polisiwaa mba pasɩwa se pefeŋ nɛ pakpa mba paañaŋ habɩyɛ yɔɔ ɖɔm paɣtʊ yɔ, pakpaɣ-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ.

Toovenum lɛ, paɣtʊ yɔɔ pɩtɩŋnaa nɛ ɛyʊ waɖɛ lɩɩ. Ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, ɖoŋ naadozo ñazɩɣna. Kajalaɣ lɛ, mba pɔɖɔka kewiyaɣ yɔ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ nɛ kewiyaɣ taa caɣyaa lalaa, paba lɛ minisi waa. Ɖoŋ naalɛ ñɩŋ kɛlɛ ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa. Paba payaɣ se tepitee waa (députés). Ɖoŋ naadozo ñɩŋ kɛlɛ tɔm hʊʊ ñʊŋ tɩnaa. 

Ɛjaɖɛ ñɩma lɩzɩɣna ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa. Paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa mba pacakɩna nɛ palɩzɩ ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ ndʊ tɩ-yɔɔ pʊwɛɛ se paa ɛjaɖɛ tʊ weyi ɛtɩŋna nɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ wɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ. Ɛlɛ, ajɛya naayɛ taa lɛ, samaɣ tɩŋa cakɩna nɛ palɩzɩ ɛjaɖɛ paɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ.
Paɣtʊ ɖɔnɛ

Paɣtʊ ɖɔnɛ pɩkɛ ɛjaɖɛ kewiyaɣ tɛ waɖɛ wɛtʊ ndɩ ndɩ ndʊ ɛyaa kpeekpe sɩma yɔ. Pɩkɛ paɣtʊ lɩzɩyʊʊ nɔɔyʊ lɩmaɣzaa. Takayasɩ kɩmamasɩ nɛ kewiyaɣ lɔŋ tasʊʊ tɛ paɣtʊ ɖɔnɛ nɛ kewiyaɣ paɣtʊ kɩkpaɣtʊ nɛ tɔm kɩsɩzɩtʊ nɛ takayasɩ kɩcɔcɔsɩ pɩ-kpeekpe pɩkɛ paɣtʊ ɖɔnɛ yaa tʊma taa paɣtʊ ɖɔnɛ.

Paa ɖooye tɩkpa tɩcaɣ ɛyʊ tɛ tʊma yɔɔ cɔnaʊ waɖɛ yɔ. Paɣtʊ wɛtʊ wɛ kpaɖʊ yɔɔ kpaɖʊ yɔɔ pɩlɩna ɛyʊ sɔsɔ weyi ɛmaɣ-tʊ yɔ nɛ tɩ-tɛ ɖeyi ɖeyi wɛtʊ cɔlɔ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ takayasɩ kɩcɔcɔsɩ tɛ. Pɩtɩŋga pɩ-taa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ se tɩkpɛnda naalɛ ndʊ yɔ, ndʊ tiyeki se pala paɣtʊ takayaɣ nakayɛ yɔɔ tʊmɩyɛ yɔ nɛ tɩyɔɔ wɛʊ mbʊ pɩɩpɔzɩɣ paɣtʊ keem yɔ.
                                                                                                                                                
Kajalaɣ lɩmaɣza taa lɛ, kewiyaɣ paɣtʊ ɖɔnɛ tɛ mʊʊ ɖoŋ nɩɩyɛ paɣtʊ lɩzɩyʊʊ cɔlɔ se ɛla tʊmɩyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ nakʊyʊ ŋgʊ paɣtʊ lɩzɩyʊ ɛmaɣzɩɣ se ɛɛpɩzɩɣ ɛwɛna ɖoŋ yɔ. Keekee lɛ, komina wɛŋna ɖoŋ se kɩpɩzɩɣ kɩkpaɣ paɣtʊ naa hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa.
 
Lɩmaɣzɩyɛ naalɛ taa lɛ, kewiyaɣ paɣtʊ ɖɔnɛ lɩzɩna paɣtʊ kɩkpaɣtʊ se pɔsɔzɩɣ nɛ pawɩlɩ ɛzɩma paɣtʊ ɛcaɣ keekee yɔ. Ɛlɛ, pɩtɩŋga pɩ-taa mbʊ yɔ pañaŋ paɣtʊ ɖɔɖɔ paa takayaɣ taa yaa lɩmaɣza taa. Pɩtɛkɛ mbʊ yɔ paɣtʊ yɔɔ ɖɔnɛ kaɣ ɖɩm pɩlɩna paɣtʊ lɛɛtʊ cɔlɔ mbʊ yɔ tɩkɩlɩ kewiyaɣ keem.

Tɩyɔɔ wɛʊ paɣtʊ ɖɔnɛ pakpaɣ-tʊ pɩtɩŋna pɩnaɣ 1958 tɛ paɣtʊ takayaɣ hɔɔlaɣ 37 kiɖe tɛ, hɔɔlaɣ ŋga ka-taa paɣtʊ ɖoŋ wɛ kɩmaŋ paale. Pɩkɛ paɣtʊ ndʊ tɩcɛlɩɣ mbʊ payi ɛyʊ sɩma tɛ paɣtʊ kɩmaŋ. Pɩlɩna kiɖe ndɩ ɖɩ-yɔɔ komina pɩsɩɣ ɖɩɖʊ paɣtʊ pɩsɩna sɩnaʊ nabʊyʊ paa pɔtɔcɔna paɣtʊ ɛsɩnda kɔyɔ. Ɛlɛ tʊnɛ ɛnʊ tɩñaŋ paɣtʊ takayaɣ.
Peekɛɛ

**Peekɛɛ** kɛna Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ nɛ patasʊʊ -tʊ yaɣ-tʊ ɖɔɖɔ se Peyijini. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ Siini nɛ hayʊ kiŋ hɔɔlʊʊ taa piyele tɩ-walanzɩ landammm taa maɣna ɛzɩ ɛkɩtaarɩnaa 1 641 000 yaa kilomɛtanaa 16 410. Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, Peekɛɛ kɛŋna tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa politiiki nɛ ɛsɩkuliye kɩla wɛʊ yɔ piyele tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Hɔŋkɔŋ nɛ Caŋgayɩ yɔ, tɩ-taa kɛ tɔsʊʊ nɛ ɛsɩndaa wobu kɩla wɛʊ.
 
Peekɛɛ tɛtʊ taa kataɣ sɔsɔɣa nakayɩ wɛɛ nɛ peeɖe pahayɩsʊʊ efabiya nɛ pɛlaa, pʊyɔɔ kɛ pɩnaɣ 2008 taa keteŋa kpeekpe ha ɛsa nɛ Peyijini tɛtʊ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ pazɩ ɖɩ-ñɔɔzɩ camɩyɛ Peekɛɛ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ pɩ-tɛ pɩnaɣ taa. Pɩyɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ kɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩñɔɔzʊʊ tɔnʊʊ taa alafɩya nɛ hayɩsʊʊ yɔ, ɖɩɖaana lɩzʊʊ Peekɛɛ tɛtʊ se patasɩ aleɣya anaa labʊ pɩnaɣ 2022. 

Siini ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe taa lɛ, Caŋayɩ tɛtʊ wayɩ lɛ, Peekɛɛ tɛtʊ tɩŋgɩna ɛyaa ɖɔʊ taa nɛ pɩnaɣ 2013 taa paakala ɛyaa kɛ peeɖe lɛ, paakpɛnda miloyɔɔnaa 21 150 000. 

Ɛzɩ ajɛya lɛɛna taa tɛtʊ sʊsɔtʊ lɛɛtʊ yɔ, Peekɛɛ tɛtʊ nɛ ajɛyaa naayɛ taa ñɩndʊ paɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ palakɩ tʊma kʊɖʊma. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩlakɩ tʊma nɛ Afrika keteŋa taa tɛtʊ, Amerika taa ñɩndʊ, Azii taa ñɩndʊ, Erɔpʊ keteŋa taa ñɩndʊ nɛ Oseyanii taa tɛtʊ natʊyʊ ɖɔɖɔ. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩtɩŋga tɩkɛnda nɩɩnɩwa (50). Paya:g Peekɛɛ maalika yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ kɩfalʊ se Wang Anshun nɛ ɛtakayaɣ taa mayʊ kɔyɔ Guo Jinlong.
Peenɛɛ

Peenɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ kɛ payawaɣ ɖooo se Ɖahʊma nɛ kɩkɛ Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Ɖɩwalanzɩ kpayɩ taa lɛ, pɩmaɣna ɛzɩ 114 763 km2 nɛ ɖɩ-ɖalakɩŋ wɛ ɛzɩ kilomɛtana 670 yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 2013 taa lɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa kaawɛ ɛzɩ 10 008 749 yɔ. Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, Peenɛɛ sɩ kamaɣ nɛ Togo tɛtʊ, wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ pɩsɩna Najeeriya, nɛ hayi kɩŋ lɛ, Nigerɩ nɛ Purkina Fasoo. Peenɛɛ wɛ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ kpaagba wɛʊ kɛ kɩyɛna fenaɣ kacalaɣ wiye pɩnaɣ 1960 nɛ payawaɣ-kʊ pɩtɛ alɩwaatʊ se Ɖahʊma.

Kɩmʊwaɣ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ mbʊ lɛ, Fransi sɔsɔ weyi payaɣa-ɩ se Louis Jacquinot yɔ, ɛnʊ ɖʊsɩna kewiyaɣ kɛ Ɖahʊma nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʊ ɖa-caa Hubert Maga se ɛnʊ yɔ peeɖe tɛtʊ ñʊʊtʊ. Pɩlabɩ pɩnzɩ hiu nɛ naalɛ lɛ, Mathieu Kérékou mʊ kewiyaɣ kpelaɣ nɛ pɩnaɣ 1975 lɛ ɛlɛɣzɩ Ɖahʊma nɛ payaɣ se Peenɛɛ. Eɖiyaɣ ɛ-ɛjaɖɛ ɛzɩ Kɔmiinizim paɣtʊ pɔzʊ yɔ kɛ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 1974. Ɛlɛ pɩkɔma ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ kagbanzi wayɩ lɛ Peenɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ sʊʊ kʊñɔŋ sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ taa nɛ pɩnaɣ 1990 lɛ, kɩlɛɛzɩ komina paɣtʊ tɩŋga. Pɔtɔ caca lɛ pawa Mathieu Kérékou nɛ ɛkʊyɩ kpelaɣ yɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ pipɔzɩɣ yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1996 paɖaɣnɩ tɔʊ caca lɛ, samaɣ lɩzɩ Mathieu Kérékou se ɛɖaɣnɩ kɛʊ Peenɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ. Wayɩ mbʊpʊnɛ pɩ-taa lɛ ɛtatasɩ kɩñazɩɣ tɔm nɛ ɖoŋ tɔm ɖɩɩnaʊ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ 2006 pɩnaɣ taa.

Pɔɔrto-noovoo kɛŋna tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ɛlɛ, Kotonu kɔyɔ tɔsʊʊ nɛ ɛsɩnda wobu tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ kpem. Fransɩ kɛ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ Peenɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ liidiye nɖɩ pɔtɔkɩ yɔ ɖɩɖɩ lɛ fraŋseefa. Yayi Boni kɔyɔ Peenɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ kɩfalʊ. Ɛnʊ wabina Mathieu Kérékou kɛ caca ŋgʊ paatɔ lakɩŋ fenaɣ hiu nɛ nakʊ pɩnaɣ 2006 yɔ; pɩwayɩ lakɩŋ fenaɣ hiu nɛ kʊɖʊmʊ pɩnaɣ 2011 ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, patasɩ-ɩ lɩzɩʊ se ɛtasɩ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɔkɩɣ kɛ pɩnzɩ kagbanzɩ mbilim. Ɛzɩ paɣtʊ pɔzɩɣ yɔ, Yayi Boni kaɣ kʊyʊʊ kpelaɣ yɔɔ ɖiu ɖiu kɛ pɩnaɣ 2016 nɛ ɛkazɩ kpeelaɣ kɛ lɛlʊ mbʊ pʊ-yɔɔ yɔ, peeɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ ɛɛɖɛʊ pɩnzɩ hiu kɛ kewiyaɣ yɔɔ lɩŋŋŋ. Kpaɣ ɖooo ɛzɩ Ɖahʊma pɩsɩʊ Peenɛɛ yɔ, Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa payɩ lɛ, Peenɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ wɩla kaɣlaa se temokraasii wɛ kɩ-ɛjaɖɛ taa.

=Ɖenɖe kɩwɛɛ yɔ=
## Kɩ-kamasɩ
## Kʊ-pʊŋ nɛ ki-piyasɩ pɛ-wɛtʊ
## Feveku
## Mbʊ pʊcɔ-kʊ kpɛɛɛ pɩta yɔ
=Kʊ-tɔm=
## Samaɣ huuu
## Ɛzɩma pɩɩwɛ caanaʊ yɔ
=Paribaawaa kewiyisi==
## Yurubawaa kewiyisi
## Ajaa Eveewaa kewiyisi
## Anasaayɩnaa ̃nazʊʊ-kʊ yɔ
## Kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ
## Kɩpɩsɩʊ ɛjaɖɛ yɔ(1974-1990)
## Temokrasii calʊʊ lɩʊ yɔ
## Yayi Boni ɖoŋ
=Ɛzɩma peɖiyiɣ-kʊ yɔ=
=Tɔsʊʊ=
=Ɛzɩma pɔ̃nɔɔzʊʊ kɩ-tɛtʊ yɔ=
=Ɛyaa nɛ samaɣ=
## Samaɣ ̃nʊʊ
## Kʋnʋmɩŋ
## Ɛsɔ nʊmɔʊ
## Sukuli labʊ
## Televisiyɔɔaa nɛ raadiyonaa
## Spɔɔrɩ
=Sɔnzɩ=
## Sɩʊkpelesi
## Takayɩsɩ
## Minziiki
## Tɔɔnasɩ
## Kasandʊ kɩyakɩŋ
=Tɔnʊʊ taa alaafɩya=
## Lɛɣtʊ ndʊ tɩ̃nɩnɩɣ kʊdɔmɩŋ lɩʊ tɔm yɔ
## Tɔɔnaɣ kɩɩyakʊ
=Kɩ-mayaɣ=
=Takayɩhayʊʊ tɛɛ tɔm nɛ tɩ-ɖɩnayɛ=
=ɩcɔna ɖɔɖɔ=
## Takayɩsɩ lɛɛsɩ
Peruu

**Peruu** kɛna Amerika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ajɛya wena acɔèɖɩ nɛ ata y; oana yɔ: Ekuwatɛɛrɩ, Kolombii, Pireziili, Polivi, Silii nɛ Pasifiki Lɩŋamʋʋ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ dɩ-walanzɩ taa wɛ 1 285 220 km2. Pɩnaɣ 2008 taa pakɩlɩ peeɖe ɛyaa lɛ pɛkpɛnda miliyɔɔwaa 29,1. 

Peruu ɛjaɖɛ ta tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ paaɣ se Lima nɛ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa ɖeke ɛyaa kpɛnda miliyɔɔnaa nakʊ. Lima tɛtʊ ndʊ, ndʊ tɩkɩlɩna paɣlʊʊ nɛ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ tɔsʊʊ nɛ ɛsɩntaa wobu kɩla wɛʊ.

Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɛ komina ɖɔŋ paɣtʊ ndʊ paaɖʊ-tʊ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1993. Peruu kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖi ɖɩwɛna hɔɔlɩŋ 24 ɛlɛ komina cɩyɩ kɩ-tɩ nɛ tʊma sɔsɔna wɛɛ paa egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa. Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ yɔ ŋgʊ lɛ Ɛsɩpaañɔlɩ nɛ pʊwayɩ lɛ Kesuwa nɛ Ayimara.
Peetiraa

Peetiraa kɛna naabateeyiiyɛ waa tɛtʋ nɛ pɩcɔ hooo hooo nɛ malɩŋ tɔm talɩɣ. Peetiraa kʋnɛ, kɩwɛna sɔnɔ Jɔrdanɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ kɩ-hadɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa kiŋ. Ɖooo kɩbɩnjazɩ wɛɛ taa kɛ paɣlɩza Peetiraa kʋnɛ kɛ wayɩ wayɩ kpaɖʋ luutozo alɩwaatʋ taa.

Palɩza Peetiraa ŋgʋ pɩcɔ palʋlʋʋ krɩstʋ yaa pɩcɔYesu Krɩstʋ kɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ cɩnɛ. Edomiiti waa lɩzana Peetiraa ŋgʋ. Nɛ kpaɖʋ loɖo n̄ɩŋgʋ taa lɛ nɛ pɩcɔ palʋlʋʋ yaa Yeesu Krɩstʋ yaa pɩcɔ nɛ ɛkɔŋ ɛjaɖɛ yɔ lɛ, kɛ Naabateeyiiyɛ waa tɛ ɛjaɖɛ n̄ʋʋndɩna mʋʋ Peetiraa ŋgʋ.

Naabateeyiiyɛ waa mba palabɩna nɛ Peetiraa ŋgʋ kɩ-hɩɖɛ sɛɣ nɛ patɩlɩ-ɖɩ nɛ samtʋ. Peetiraa hɩɖɛ sɛɣʋ nɛ kɩ-samtʋ tɩlɩtʋ ndʋ, tɩlɩna ɛzɩma ɛnʋʋzɩ, wondu pɛdɩyaa cakaɣ habɛɛ yɔ kɛɖɛɖɛ cɛŋga tɩyɛ yɔ. Pɛpɛdaɣ tulaaliwaa, nɛ sɔzɩŋ kuzoku wondu, nɛ wondu lɛɣtʋ sakɩyɛ.

Ajɛɛ anɛyɔ: Egipiti, nɛ Siirii, nɛ Arabi hadɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa ŋgʋ, nɛ pɩtasɩna tɛtʋ hɛkʋ taa ɛwadɩyɛ egeetiye, a-pɛdaɣ ɖɔɖɔ a-hɛkʋ taa wondu lɛɣtʋ sakɩyɛ. Peetiraa tɛtʋ tʋnɛ, pɩkɔma pɩtalɩ ɛzɩ pɩkpaʋ nɛ kpaɖʋ luutozo taa mbɩyɔ lɛ, papaza lɛɣzʋ kɩyɛkɩŋ habɛɛ.

Nɛ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɛzɩma ɛnʋ ɛzɩ tɛtʋ selaɣ yɔɔ lɛ, pɩlakɩnɛ Peetiraa egeetiye yaa tɛtʋ taa samaɣ wɛɛ nɛ pakʋyʋ pazɩ pazɩ nɛ peseɣu tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩ-yɔ. Pʋtɔbʋ size tɛtʋ seluu ɖɔɔnana samaɣ loniye nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa. Samaɣ ŋga kaawɛ tɛtʋ ndʋ tɩ-yɔɔ yaa tɩ-kamasɩ yɔɔ yɔ, kaakpɛnda kudokiŋ hiŋ naalɛ nɛ kagbanzɩ.

Sɔnɔ ɛsɛ kuliye alɩwaatʋ tʋnɛ tɩ-taa lɛ, pɔsɔ Peetiraa tɛtʋ yɔ. Paɖaɣna tʋ n̄ɩnʋ nɛ pana-tʋ pɩlɩna ɛjaɖɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʋyɛ n̄ɩnɩyʋ ɖajaa Jean Louis Burckhardt kɛ pɩnaɣe 1812 taa. Ɖajaa ɛnʋ, ɛkɛkɛ Suwiisi ɛjaɖɛ taa losuyu wobuyu.
Peine capitale

Kʊñɔŋ sɩm yaa kʊñɔŋ sɔsɔʊ, pɩkɛ kʊñɔŋ ŋgʊ paɣtʊ maɣmaɣ ɖʊwa yɔ, nɛ pɩkɛna se pakʊ ɛyʊ weyi pasɩma-ɩ se ɛlaba kɩdɛkɛdɩm sɔsɔm yɔ. Tɔm ndʊ pahʊwa yɔ tɩlɩna tɔm ɖɩhʊyɛ takayaɣ taa. Yee takayaɣ nakayɛ ɛfɛyɩ yaa paasɩŋ nakayɛ kɔyɔ pɔtɔŋ se pakʊ-ɩ kɛlɛʊ yaa pana kʊtʊ yaa tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ hʊtʊ. Kʊñɔŋ sɩm lɩna alɩwaatʊ yaa wɛɛ yaa lone cɔloɔ.

Pama-tʊ ajɛyɛ 93 paɣtʊ takayasɩ taa nɛ pasɩm-tʊ, ɛlɛ ajɛyɛ 192 kedeŋga kpeekpe lɛ, ajɛyɛ nɛɛlɛ ñakpaɣ kʊtʊ pɩnaɣ 2014. Pɩkɛ nɩgbaŋʊʊ hɔm mbʊ pasɩma paa aŋgba ɛzɩ ONU etisi kɔyɔ yaa Erɔpʊ paɣtʊ tɔm hʊʊ kpaŋ ɛsɔɔlʊʊ kɔyɔ. Ajɛyɛ sakɩyɛ lʊba se paɖɩzɩ tɔm ndʊ lɛlɛyɔ wɛɛ taa ɛlɛ awɛɛ ŋñɩɩ kedeŋga taa. Ajɛyɛ ana a-taa lɛ, naalɛ yeke koŋ lakɩna tʊmɩyɛ nɖɩ Sapɔŋ nɛ Etaazuunii.
 
Ajɛyɛ kpeekpe ɛsɩnda, saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 18 pɩnaɣ 2007, ONU paɣtʊ lɩzɩyakpeekpe hiɣ kɔyɛ hayʊ ajɛyɛ 62/149 tisi nɛ pama takayaɣ nɛ paɖʊ alɩwaatʊ kpaagba ñɩndʊ ndʊ tɩ yɔɔ kʊñɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩsɩna yɔ ajɛyɛ kpeekpe taa. Lɩmaɣza ana ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ lɛna wena ONU katɛma labʊ yɔ tapazɩ akɩlɩ wɛnaʊ wazaɣ ɛlɛ pɩwɛ ajɛyɛ sakɩyɛ tisa yɔ pɩlabʊ se paɖɩzɩɣ-tʊ. Kpɛlɩ lɛ, ajɛyɛ hiu wena a-taa ɛyaa kɩlɩ ɖɔʊ yɔ akʊyɩ se cam tɔm ndʊ tɩlakɩ. Kɛlɛ paɖanɩ lɛzɩɣ takayaɣ pɩnaɣ 2014.   

Pɩtɩŋna kiɖe tɛ tɔm naa nabɛyɛ yɔɔ lɛ, maɣzɩm mbʊ pɩtɛ ɖɩzʊʊ ŋgbɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ ñɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1757 Paarii tɛtʊ taa pɩlɩna ɛzɩma pahɩza nɛ pamakɩ Robert François Damiens se pʊcɔ pakʊ-ɩ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛca tɔm Louis 15. Ɛlɛ keeke lɛ, ŋgbɛyɛ kɩlʊbɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩñɔɔ pʊɖʊzɩna Cesar Beccaria tʊma susuu alɩwaatʊ, wena a-taa ɛtɔŋ se wɛɖɔyɛ nɛ kʊñɔŋ (pɩnaɣ 1764) ɛtɔŋ se kʊñɔŋ kʊtʊ ndʊ tɩka wazaɣ.   

Ajɛyɛ kpeekpe taa ŋgbɛyɛ ndɩ laŋhɛzɩyɛ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se Amnesty laba lɩmaɣza nɛ ɖɩñɩŋɩ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ ɖɩɖʊ ɖɩ-takayaɣ taa kɛ ɛyaa kʊñɔŋ kʊtʊ ndʊ tɩ tɔm. Etaazuunii ɛjɑɖɛ taa lɛ, paɖʊ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛyaa kʊtʊ ndʊ tɩsɩna yɔ, tɩpaɣzɩ pɩnaɣ 1967 nɛ tɩtɛ pɩnaɣ 1977, pɩnaɣ ŋga pɔtɔ malɩfa Gary Gilmore Utah. Kanadaa ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, kewiyaɣ ɖɩzɩ tɔm ndʊ ɖooo hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 16 pɩnaɣ 1976 wɛɛ ɖɔyɛ tɩŋa yɔɔ nɛ pɩkazɩ natʊyʊ natʊyʊ sɔɔjanaa hɔɔlʊʊ taa.
Peter Tchaikowsky

Piotr Ilitch Tchaïkovsky (Ruusi kʊnʊŋ taa Пётр Ильич Чайковский, [ˈpʲotr ɪlʲˈjit͡ɕt͡ɕɪjˈkofskʲɪj], ɛkɛ Ruusii ɛjaɖɛ taa hendu lɩzɩyʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ kɩkɛzɩyɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ alɩwaatʊ taa. Palʊla-ɩ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 7 pɩnaɣ 1840 kɛ Votkinsk tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛsɩ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 6 pɩnaɣ 1893 kɛ St Pétersbourg tɛtʊ taa.  

E-cejewiye wɛ ñɩm pazɩ nɛ pɛtɛ Ukurɛnɩ kiŋ nɛ sɔɔjɔna hɔɔlʊʊ taa ɛyaa nabɛyɛ mbʊ lɛ, palʊlɩ Piotr kɛ Votkinst, Oudmourtie tɛtʊ taa lone naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛ Oural taa kɛnɛ. Ɛɛkɛ pɩɣa naalɛ ŋga kɛ Ilia Petrovitch Tchaïkovski cɔlɔ (hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 31 pɩnaɣ 1795 ŋtalɩ pɩnaɣ 1880 kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 21), ɛɛkɛ tɛtɛ ñɩɣlɩm wondu tʊma tambaɣ lɩzɩyʊ. 

Ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛɛkɛ Piotr Fiodorovitch Tchaïka pɩyalʊ (1745-1818) nɛ e-ɖoo kɛkɛ Fransɩɩ tʊ, Alexandra Andreïevna Assier (kɩyɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 11 pɩnaɣ 1812 ŋtalɩ mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 25 pɩnaɣ 1854 alɩwaatʊ taa). 

Ɛwɛna hɛkʊ taa kɔʊ nɔyʊ ɛlɛ payaɣ se Zinaïda (palʊla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1829 kɛ kajalaɣ nesi ɖɔkʊ ɛ-caa cɔlɔ. Pʊwayɩ lɛ, ɛpɩsɩ lelu nɛ ɛ-cɔlɔ ɛcaɣ nɛ ehiɣ tɩlasɩ sakɩyɛ nɛ ɛ-ɖalʊ Nicolaï (pɩnzɩ 1838 ŋtalɩ 1911) alɩwaatʊ. Pʊwayɩ kɛ Alexandre pɩnaɣ 1842 ( weyi akaɣ kɛʊ Davydov tɛ abiɖe yɔ kɛlɛ ɛñɔtɩna-ɩ kpam nɛ ewoki ɛ-hɛzɩɣ peeɖe. 

Pakaɣa cenje Piotr, nesi kɩpanzɩ yɔɔ nɛ lɩmɩyɛ yɔɔ, e-ɖoo Alexandra Andreïevna nɛ ɛ-kɔɔna Alexandra (ɛcaɣa) nɛ Zinaïda (ɛsɩŋa) nɛ ɛ-ɖalaa Nikolaï (ɛsɩŋa) nɛ Hippolyte (ɛcaɣa) nɛ ɛ-caa Ilia Petrovitch. Ɛ-kajalaɣ tɛ tɩ-cɛyʊ pɩlɩna miziiki yɔ kaakɛ piyano mabʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ. E-ɖoo kaawoba St Petersbourg tɛtʊ taa ɛnɛ ɛ-kɔɔ lɛ, palɩzɩ hendu natʊyʊ nɛ paya-tʊ se Ɖo-doo St Pétersbourg tɛtʊ taa. 

Pɩnzɩ kɩgbanzɩ taa lɛ, ɛpaɣzɩ piyaanoo ɛnɛ Maria Paltchikova. Pʊcɔ pɩnzɩ natozo lɛ, ɛpaɣzɩ hendu teu ɛzɩ ɛ-wɩlɩyʊ maɣmaɣ yɔ. Kpaɣɖʊ 19 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, hɔŋ weyi ɛ-taa kaawɛ hɛzɩyɛ yɔ powokina pe-piya sukulina mba pata papɩzɩ se pɛkpɛlɛkɩ pɩɣa nɛ kaatɛŋ lɛ, kɛnɛ ke-nesi tɛ tʊmɩyɛ kpaagba yɔ.
Peyibaa

Peeyibaa kɛna Erɔpɩ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖuyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩnɛ Pɛlɩziki pasɩna-ɖama nɛ kamaɣ nɛ hadɛ kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Caama ɛjaɖɛ. Peeyibaa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ yɔ Amsɩterɩdam nɛ ɛyaa kpeekpe talɩɣ ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa hiu nɛ lʊbɛ yɔ. Komina nɛ paɣtʊi lɩzɩyaa ñɛwɛ  Haayɩ tɛtʊ taa. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩwɛna ɖɔɖɔ ajɛya cɩkpena naayɛ kɛ Karayiibi taa.

Peeyibaa wɛ ajɛya wena aɖʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ se palɩzɩ ŋgba ɛzɩ: Erɔpɩ ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ, OTAN nɛ OCDE yɔ. 

Payaɣ se Peeyibaa yɔ fransɩ taa lɛ pɩlɩna ɛzɩma ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩtakʊyɩ yɔ yaa ɖɩfɛyɩna pʊŋ yɔ. Ɛlɛ pɩkɛ Holandɩ taa kɔyɔ pʊtɔbʊʊ se ɛjaɖɛ kulubi. Peeyibaa taa lɩm wadɩɣ paa ɛzɩmtaa nɛ pɩkɔŋna asɛyɩŋ sakɩyɛ.

Peeyibaa kɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa kewiitu kaawɛ ɖooo pɩnzɩ 1815 yɔ nɛ pɩkpɛnda  pʊwɛɛ alɩ nɛ sɔnɔ. Ŋgʊ ɖooo ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩɩwɛ Fransɩ nesi tɛɛ kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1806 nɛ 1815 ɛlɛ, pɩɩkɛ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊntɩnaa kɛ palɩzaɣ.

Mba pʊwɛɛ se pɛkɛ awiya yɔ pʊwɛɛ se pɛkɛ protɛsɩtaŋwaa yɔ nɛ halʊ yaa abalʊ pɩzɩɣ ɛkɛ wiyau yaa abiɖe. Mba mba pacaɣ kewiyaɣ yɔɔ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1815 pɩsɩɩna  sɔnɔ yɔ mba yɔ: Guillaume Ier (1815-1840), Guillaume II (1840-1849) nɛ Guillaume III (1849-1890). Wiyau fɛyɩ ɛlɛ Emma nɛ abila Wilhelmine (1898-1948), Juliana(1948-1980) nɛ Beatrix (1980-2013).Ɖooo ɖomaɣ fenaɣ hiuwaa naatozo pɩnaɣ 2013 kɛ Willem-Alexander pɩsa wiyau. Ɛwayɩ ɛlɛ ɛ-pɛlɔ Catharina-Amalia, kaɣna kewiyaɣ tɔɔʊ.
Pilee

Pilee kɛ ɛyaa kpeekpe tɛ yatʊ. Payaɣ se pilee lɛ ɖɩnaɣ pɩ-taa peeɖe kɛ tɩŋ weyi pahayɩ-ɩ yɔ e-kpeekpe, ɛ-tɛ nɛ Triticum. Pɩkɛ pɩnaɣ taa tɛ tɩŋ, ɛ-tɛ nɛ tɩŋ weyi ɛlʊlʊʊ pee yɔ tɛ tɩmʊʊ liɖe taa nɛ pahayɩ-ɩ ajɛyɛ sakɩyɛ taa. Payaɣ se Pilee pɩwɩlʊʊ se pɩkɛ piye nɖɩ pɩ-tɛ tɩŋ lʊlʊʊ yɔ.

Pilee wɛ tɩŋ sɔsɔŋ niitozo taa kɩ-nɛ samɩɖɛ nɛ mɔʊ. Pɩnaɣ taa lɛ, tɔŋnɩnaa miiliyɔɔ naa 700 tɔnasɩ kpaɣʊʊ alɩwaatʊ taa. Kɛkɛ naatozo ŋga yuŋ hɔɔlʊʊ taa kedeŋga kpeekpe taa, nɛ kɩ-nɛ mɔʊ ɛyʊ kɩlɩɣ sɔɔlʊʊ tɔʊʊ. Pilee kɛ Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ajɛyɛ taa nɛ Moyen-Orient ɛsakuliye tɛ pɩyʊʊ sɩŋ kɛ ɛyʊ tɔnasɩ hɛkʊʊ taa. Pilee wɛ tɩndɩma naalɛ taa wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa cɔlɔ pɩlɩnɛ ñɩtʊʊ taa pilee nakʊyʊʊ cɔlɔ. Kɩɩwɛ ɖooo canaʊ sɔsɔʊ taa. Kajalaɣ kɩ-haɖaʊ lɩnɛ ɖooo kpaɣɖʊ 8 pʊcɔ palʊʊlɩ Yeesu-Krɩstʊ kɛ Mesopotamie ajɛyɛ taa nɛ Tigre kedeŋga taa nɛ Euphrate (sɔnɔŋgʊ payaɣ se Irak yɔ) nɛ mʊzʊŋ ageetaa sɔsɔnaa. Ɖɩcɔna nɛ ɖɩna yɔ pileenaa mba pa-naalɛ pa-taa lɛ ŋgʊ kɩ-yɔɔ fɛyɩ pɔyɩŋ yɔ kɩkɩlɩnɛ ɖɛʊ.

Pee wenaa awɛ ɖoŋ yɔ pahayʊʊ-yɛ sɔŋgɔɔ ageetaa taa nɛ wenaa a-taa wɛ wɩlɩŋ (Erɔpʊ nɛ haɖɛ kiŋ ɛzɩ Fransɩɩ nɛ haɖɛ kiŋ nɛ Itaalii ajɛyɛ taa). Pilee ɖoŋ ñɩŋgʊ pee a-naa a-taa ŋnɛʊʊ ɖɔ pɩŋ nɛ palakɩnɛ semuuli naa nɛ mʊtʊ kɩtɔɔtʊ. Pilee ɖɔfɩɩ tɛ pee, ɖooo poliŋ taa canaʊ taa kɩlɩnɛ yuŋ nɛ pakɩlʊʊ-kʊ hayʊʊ Fransɩ, Kanadaa nɛ Ukurɛnɩ ajɛyɛ taa. Pilee ɖɔfɩɩ tɛ ŋgʊ pahayʊʊ-kʊ se pehɩɣ kɩ-tɛ mʊlʊm nɛ palabɩnɛ kpɔnɔ kɩpɩsʊʊ. Sakɩyɛ taa lɛ, payaɣ-kʊ se pilee ɖɔfɩɩ ŋgʊ yaa kɛlɛʊ taa pilee pɩkɛ tɩŋ ŋgʊ kɩmɩza ajɛyɛ kpeekpe taa yɔ, nɛ ŋgʊ pakɩlɩɣ hayʊʊ nɛ kɩwayɩ lɛ, samɩɖɛ nɛ mɔʊ. Pʊwɛ mbʊ lɛ, kɩ-tɩŋ ɖɔ sakɩyɛ nɛ ɛwɛ ndɩ ndɩ pɩlɩnɛ paa ɛjaɖɛ ndɩ lɛ, ɖɩ-cɔlɔ.

Tɔzʊʊ kɩfam, pɩpazɩnɛ kpaɣdʊ 19 tɛmtʊ alɩwaatʊ taa pɩtɩŋɛ Vilmori Henry cɔlɔ nɛ ɛñɩɣ nesi lɩmazaɣ naatozo yɔ kɛnɛ. Kɔɔnaɣ lɛ, kʊdɔmɩŋ lʊbɩnaʊ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ wɛtʊ tɛ tɩlasɩ, yaɖɛ taa kɩlʊmʊm tɛ ñɩm kɔzɩ kɔzɩ ŋnɛʊʊ ŋgʊ palakɩ nɛ kpɔnɔ kɩbɩsɩɣ nɛ kɩ-tɛ pee ɖɔʊ tɔɔnaɣ kpaʊ alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ. Pɩtɛ tɔzʊtʊʊ ndʊ tɩkɔna kaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ ndɩ lɛ se pilee hɔndʊʊ ŋgʊ ɖɩma. Ɖɛzʊʊ mayaɣ kɛ tɛndɛŋga tɛɛ mbʊ lɛ, pilee kɩfalʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩlɩnɛ pilee hɔndʊʊ ñɩŋgʊ nɛ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ kpɛdɛ kpɛdɛ yɔ pɛ-tɛ tamsʊʊ cɔlɔ mbʊ yebina nɛ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ kpɛdɛ kpɛdɛ yɔ kɩle.

Kajalaɣ taa lɛ pʊwɛzɩ pɔtɔkaɣ pilee nɛ lɛɛŋ nɛ pʊwayɩ lɛ, patɩzʊʊ yaa pɔhɔkɩ ɛzɩ tɛɛʊ yɔ nɛ pʊpʊwayɩ kɔyɔ palakɩ-kʊ kɛkɛndɛyʊʊ kɩwɩlʊʊ pɩlɩnɛ namɩyɛ nɛ nem pɔ-yɔɔ naŋgʊʊ. Kɩpɩsɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ajɛyɛ kɛ kajalaɣ tɔɔnaɣ nɛ pɔtɔkɩ-kʊ tɔɔnasɩ ndɩ ndɩ taa kpaɣ ɛzɩ kpɔnɔ nɛ semuli nɛ mʊtʊ nɛ pɩsɩkɩtɩ naa taa. Pilee haɖaʊ takɩlɩ kaɖɛ ɛzɩ mɔʊ yɔ. Kɩ-haɖaʊ ɛpɔzʊʊ hayɩm taa ñɔzʊʊ sakɩyɛ yaa tʊmɩyɛ labʊ pʊɖɔɔ.
Pisawo

Pisawo kɛna Afrika nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Kinee-Pɩsaʊ yɔ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ landammm taa maɣna ɛkɩtaarɩnaa 7700 ha yaa kilomɛtanaa 77.  

Ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩcɔŋna kɩgalʊʊ yɔɔ yɔ kɩtɔŋ se pɩnaɣ 2007 taa pakalɩ ɛyaa kɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa lɛ paakpɛnda 400 000. Pɩnaɣ 1991 taa kɛ paakalɩ kɩgalʊʊ sɔɔʊ nɛ ɛyaa kaawɛ 195 389. 

Peeɖe kʊnʊŋ nakʊyʊ fɛyɩ kpayɩ se ŋgʊ paanɩ ɛyɔɔdʊʊ ɛlɛ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ yɔ ŋgʊʊ lɛ fransɩɩ nɛ kisidina kʊnʊmɩŋ lɛɛŋ yem. 

Ɛzɩ ajɛyaa lɛɛnaa taa tɛtʊ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ, Pisawo tɛtʊ ñɩnɩɣ se tɩna ajɛyaa naayɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ pɛkpɛndɩɣ nɛ palakɩ tʊma nɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩna Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ-tʊ se Sɔnkiiŋ Chongqing yɔ palakɩna tʊmɩyɛ.
Piyaanoo

Piyaanoo kɛna cɩmʊʊ wonuu ŋgʊ pamakɩ-kʊ nɛ petɛɣ liŋ ndɩ ndɩ yɔ nɛ kɩwɛ cɩmɩŋ weyi pamakɩ-ɩ nɛ nimasɩ yɔ ɛ-taa.

Weyi eluba-kʊyɔ, ɛɖʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ se ɛñɔɔzʋʋ cɩmɩŋ weyi pamakɩ-ɩ nɛ nimasɩ yem yɔ, pʊyɔɔ kɛ ɛlɩzɑ cɩmʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ ɛzɩ ñɩɣyʊʊ kɩmabʊʊ yɔ nɛ kɩpɩzɩɣ kɩlɛɣzɩ liŋ skɩyɛ wendu tɛu ytaa. Ñɩɣyʊʊ ŋgʊ pallɩza-kʊ ɖooo pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ hiu nɛ litoozo taa. Payaʊ se piyaanoo yɔ, kʊnʊŋ nakʊyʊ taa kɛlɛ nɛ pʊtɔbʊʊ se ɖɛfɛɛɛ ɛlɛ papɩzɩ ɖɔɖɔ pamabɩ-kʊ ɖɔɖɔ lɔŋ lɔŋ ɛzɩ ɛyʊ sɔɔlʋʋ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ.

Wondu ndʊ ndʊ ɖiteɣ yaa ɖɩnɩɣ yɔ, tɩtɩŋa tɩlɩna piyaanoo taa. Ɛlɛ ɖooo kɩbɩnjaazɩ wondu lɛ, pɔñɔɔzɩ-tʊ ɖɔɖɔ piyaanoo yɔɔ.

Wondu teu taa siŋŋŋ lɛ won-kalɩyʊ kaakalɩɣ lɛ yaa ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ paatisiɣ lɛ, pesidiɣ piyaanoo pɩ-taa nɛ pʊcʊkʊʊ camɩyɛ kʊʊnɩɩɩ. Pɩtɛkɛ nɔɔ-taa ɖeke papɩzɩɣ nɛ pesidina piyaanoo ɛlɛ paa ɛzɩ hamʊʊ tɛɛ cɩmʊʊ yaa paa wondu cɩmʊʊ ŋgʊ pesidiɣna nɛ pɩtasɩɣ wɛʊ leleŋ kamaɣ fɛyɩ.

Wondu teyaa sɔsaa tɩŋna piyaanoo yɔɔ pʊcɔ pɛkɛ mbʊ pɛkɛna yɔ, pʊyɔɔ kɛ pɔtɔŋ se piyaanoo kɛŋna wondu tewu yaa tɩ-wilɩɣ tɛ kacalaɣ lɔnzɩnɖʊ (pédagogue). Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ, kɩwɛ kɛlɛʊ kpɛlɛkɩɣ taa, kɩlɛɣzɩɣ lɩŋ sakɩyɛ, kɩhaɣ hʊnʊm welesɩɣ taa nɛ pawʊ taa, kɩtakɩlɩ liidiya nɛ kɩlakɩ mbʊ kɩ-maɖʊ sɔɔlaa yɔ.
Piyaɣ (pyramide)

Piyaɣ kɛ sakɩyɛ n̄ayaɣ ɖɔɖɔ size pʋʋ. Piyaɣ kɛna hɔɔlɩŋ sakɩyɛ kʋlɔmʋʋ yaa hɔɔlɩŋ sakɩyɛ tʋ ɛzɩ payaɣʋ nɛ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "polyèdre" yɔ. Hɔɔlɩŋ sakɩyɛ kʋlɔmɩŋ ɛnɩ, palaba-ɩ nɛ ɛɖɔkɩ ɖama kpam kpam nɛ ɛwɛ kʋlɔmɩŋ sakɩyɛ hou tɩyɛ. Piɣa ŋga ka-kʋyɩ siŋŋ nɛ kɛfɛyɩ size pɔyɔɔdɩ. Piɣa ŋga, kekina yaa kegbeetina ɖoo kɔ-tɔbʋʋ tɛ nɛ kɛwɛ cʋlʋ cʋlʋ kpaɣʋ yɔɔ kpaɣʋ yɔɔ.

Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ piɣa fɛyɩ camɩyɛ ɖeyi ɖeyi yɔ, ɖɩnaɣ size kɛwɛʋ ɛzɩ-ɩ wonuu yaa taŋga-ɩ ŋgʋ kʋwɛna hɔɔlɩŋ nɩɩnza nɛ ɛɖalakɩŋ nɛ ɛwalanzɩ wɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ kɩmaŋ yɔ. Pɩcɔ nɛ pasa piɣa size kɛwɛ camɩyɛ tʋɖʋɖʋʋ lɛ, pʋwɛ size kɛwɛ kʋlɔmɩŋ naadozo tɩyɛ ɛzɩ payaɣʋ nɛ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "triangle" yɔ. Kɩwɛʋ mbʋʋ lɛ, kɩ-nɔɔ lɛɛka yaa kɩ-nɔɔ hayuu n̄ɩŋga wɛɛ; cʋlʋ cʋlʋ nɛ kakpana ɛsɔdaa kiŋ.

Piɣa kʋlɔmɩŋ kɩmaŋ tɩyɛ ɖalakɩŋ taa nɛ walanzɩ taa, ɛzɩ payaɣʋ size "carrée" yɔ nɛ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa nɛ kolonzi kagbanzɩ tɛ yaa kʋlɔmɩŋ naalɛ nɛ pɔɔyaɣ tɛ ɛzɩ payaɣʋ nɛ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "pentagonale" pɩzʋʋ ɖɔɖɔ pɛwɛɛ ɛzɩ pamaʋ nɛ hɔɔlɩŋ lɛɛŋ yɔ. Piɣisi lɛɣsɩ wɛɛ ɛzɩ "Johnson" tɛ wondu ɖon n̄ɩndʋ yɔ.

Piɣisi tɩŋgɛ payɩ kɛ mbʋ payaɣna fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa size "auto-duaux" waa yo. Piɣisi kɛna hɔʋʋ cikpeluu ŋgʋ kɩlɩna hɔʋʋ sɔsɔʋ ŋgʋ payaɣ size "prismatoïdes" waa yɔ nɛ fransɩ kʋnʋŋ taa yɔ.
Pogotaa

Pogotaa kɛna Kolombi ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ nɛ hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ  payaɣ-kʊ se Kundinamarɩkaa yɔ tɩ-hɔɔlʊʊ taa ñɩndʊ sɔsɔtʊ ɖɔɖɔ. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩɩwɛɛ ɖooo lɔŋ ɛlɛ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ looɖo pɩnaɣ 1538 kɛ mba pañɩnaɣ se pɛwɛɛna tɛtʊ kɛ Amerika yɔ pa-taa nɔɔyʊ na-tʊ. Payaɣ ñɩnɩyʊ ɛnʊ se Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada nɛ ɛkɛ Ɛsɩpaañɩ tʊ nɛ ɛcaɣ tataa kɛ pɩnzɩ 70 (1509 - 1579). Kolombii ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ hɔɔlɩŋ sɔsɔŋ wɛ nɛɛlɛ (20) nɛ Pogotaa tɛtʊ kɛŋna ɖenɖe tɔsʊʊ, ñɩm, komina tʊma nɛ politiki tɔm kɩla cɛyʊ yɔ.  

Tɛrʊ tʊnɛ tɩwɛ Kolombii ɛjaɖɛ hɛkʊ taa ɖeyi ɖeyi nɛ payawaɣ peeɖe se Pogotaa tuuye. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ nɛ hayʊ nɛ hadɛ lɛ pɩmaɣna kilomɛtanaa 33 nɛ pɩkpaɣʊ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ piwolo pɩtalɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ yɔ pɩwɛ kilomɛtanaa 16. Peeɖe hɔɔlʊʊ taa pʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩkɩla  kʊyʊʊ yɔ kɩwɛna mɛtanaa 2 640. Mbʊ yebina nɛ Pogotaa tɛtʊ kɛna tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ natitozo ñɩndʊ kɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa; kacalaɣ ñɩndʊ yɔ Paazɩ (Polivi) nɛ natʊlɛ ñɩndʊ lɛ  Kiitoo (Ekuwatɛrɩ). 

Pogotaa tɛtʊ walanzɩ landammm taa maɣna ɛkɩtaarɩwaa 177 598 ha yaa kilomɛtanaa 1 775,98. Pɩnaɣ 2013 taa pakala ɛyaa lɛ pɛkpɛnda miliyɔɔnaa  8 744 000. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ nɛ keteŋa taa ajɛya 42 taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ ndɩ ndɩ panɩɣna ɖama nɛ palakɩ tʊma kʊɖʊma se pɛ-tɛtʊ ewobina ɛsɩndaa. Payaɣ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ se Gustavo Petro Urrego (2012-2015). Paatɔ caca nɛ weyi Gustavo Petro Urrego lɛɛzaa yɔ ɛlɛ payawaɣ se Antanas Mockus Šivickas.
Polivi

Polivii kɛna Amerika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ajɛya wena acɔ-ɖɩ nɛ ata yɔ ana yɔ: Pirezili, Paraguwe, Arizantini,  Siilii nɛ Peruu. Pʊtɔbʊʊ se ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖifɛyɩ teŋgu nakʊyʊ cɔlɔ yaa lɩŋgamʊʊ na kʊyʊ cɔlɔ. Pʊcɔ nɛ Erɔpɩ mba pazɩɣ-ɖɩ kpacayʊ lɛ, Polivii kaakɛna Inkaawaa tɛ ɛjaɖɛ wɩyaʊ sɔsɔ kewiyaɣ  nɛ pɩɩkɛna tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩɩkɩlɩ walɩɣ kɛ Amrika nɛ pʊcɔ nɛ Kolombʊtʊ kɔɔ yɔ. ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ kɛ pɩna 1809 lɛ, you laba ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 16 yɔ fayɩɩ pʊcɔ nɛ payaɣ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ Simon Bolivar.

Polivii kɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa keyiyaɣ kpelaɣ wɛ tɛtʊ ñnʊʊtʊ nesi tɛɛ yɔ nɛ pɛtɛyɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ kɛ hɔɔlɩŋ nakʊ. Peeɖe kʊñɔntɩnaa ɖɔɔ nɛ patalɩɣ ɛzɩ ɛyaa 43 kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Tʊma wena palakɩ yɔ a-taa kɔyɔ haɖaʊ, tɩŋ sɔʊʊ nɛ piyiiŋ lɔʊ. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-taa tɛtɛɛ ñɩm nabʊyʊ wɛɛ: étain, argent, yaa litiyɔm. Polivii ɛjaɖɛ taa Amerika ilemiye taa ɛndɩ mba waa wɛɛ, pisidam waa ɖɔɖɔ, Erɔpɩ mba, Aazii mba nɛ Afrika maba ɖɔɖɔ wɛɛ. 

Kʊnɔŋ ŋgʊ pawɩlɩɣ-kʊ sukulinaa taa nɛ pɔyɔɔdɩɣ-kʊ komina tʊma taa peeɖe yɔ ŋgʊ lɛ ɛsɩpañɔlɩ. Kʊnʊmɩŋ ɛzɩ  aymara nɛ kesua yɔ, pɔyɔɔdɩɣ-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Polivii ɛjaɖɛ taa kʊnʊmɩŋ weyi pɔyɔɔdɩɣ komɩna tʊma taa yaa pawɩlɩɣ sukulinaa taa yɔ ɛkpɛndɩ 37, an yɔ: ayimara, arawɔna, bɔrɩ, besiro, kanisana, kavineña, kayubaba, saokobo, simaŋ, ese ɛja, ɛsɩpañɩ, kuarani, kuarasuwe, kuarayu, itonama, kalawaya, leko, masineri, maropa, mojeño-trinitario, mojeño-iñasiano, more, moseteŋ, movima, pakahuara, pukina, kesua, siriono, takana, tapiyete, toromona, uru-sipaya, wisi, yaminahua, yuki, yurakare nɛ zamuco.
Pombe

Pombe yaa Mumbayɩ kɛna Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa weyi payaɣ se Maharashtra yɔ ɛ-tɛ tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ. Pɩnaɣ 2011 taa kɩgalʊʊ ŋgʊ pakalaa yɔ, panaa se ɛyaa kpɛnda miliyɔɔnaa 12 478 447. Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ  taa payɩ lɛ, Pombe tɛtʊ kɩlɩna paɣlʊʊ nɛ yee pɛkpɛndɩna Mumbayɩ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-tɛ ageeta cɩkpɛna payɩ kɔyɔ ɛyaa pɛnaɣ peeɖe yɔ pakɩla ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa 18 414 288 yɔ. Mumbe tɛtʊ taa ageeta cɩkpena, anaa yɔ: Navi Mumbayɩ, Piwandɩ, Kaliyanɩ, Ulasinagarɩ nɛ Tani.

Keteŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ, Mumbaɩ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩkɛ looɖo ñɩndʊ kɛ tɛtʊ sʊzʊtʊ kpeekpe taa. Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, Mumbaɩ tɛtʊ kɛŋna tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩkɛna tadɩyɛ tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ sɩŋŋŋ yɔ. Keteŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ Mumbayɩ wɛ tɛtʊ hiu ndʊ tɩ-taa liidiya kɩlʊʊ sʊ yɔ a-taa. Ɛzɩma Mumbayɩ tɛtʊ taa liidiya nɛ laŋhɛzɩyɛ pɛwɛɛ sɩŋŋŋ yɔ lɛ, Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ kpeekpe taa evebiya nɛ pɛlaa nɛ piya yaa sʊsaa maɣmaɣ kʊyʊʊ polona taa nɛ peseɣ powoki tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa se pɩwɛ ɛzɩma kɔyɔ pɛhɛzɩ kʊñɔŋ tɔɔʊ pazɩ.
 

Mbʊ yebina nɛ peeɖe tɛtʊ taa lɛ sɔnzɩ ndɩ ndɩ sakɩyɛ wɛɛ. Payaɣ Mumbayɩ maalika ñʊʊdʊ se Shraddha Jadhav nɛ kɔmɩsɛɛrɩ sʊsɔ kɔyɔ Jairaj Phatak.
Pretooriyaa

Pretooriyaa kɛna Afrika hadɛ kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ natʊyʊ. Ndʊ ɖɔɖɔ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa komina tʊma sɔsɔna nɛ politiki kewiyaɣ wɛɛ yɔ. 

Payaʊ se Pretooriyaa, sɔdʊʊ nakʊyʊ kɛ paɖʊ hɩɖɛ nɛ payaa tɛtʊ ndʊ mbʊ. Sɔdʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-pɩyalʊ kpaɣna kɩ-hɩɖɛ nɛ kɩsʊʊ tɛtʊ ndʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛ-caa ɛnʊ ɛɛwabɩna you ŋgʊ pɩnaɣ 1838 taa tɛtʊ ndʊ nɛ ɛyaa mba payawaɣ-wɛ se Sʊʊlʊʊ mba yɔ poyowaɣ lɛ yɔ. Sɔdʊʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se Andries Pretorius. 

Pretooriyaa tɛtʊ kaakɛna tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa haɖaa ɖeke kaawɛna yɔ pʊcɔ nɛ tɩpɩsɩɣ ɛyaa kʊlʊmaa tʊmalaɖaa tɛtʊ. Tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-walanzɩ landammm taa maɣna ɛzɩ ɛkɩtaarɩnaa 68 754 yaa kilomɛtanaa  687,54. 

Pɩnaɣ 1921 taa lɛ, ɛyaa mba paawɛ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa yɔ, paakpɛnda ɛyaa 110 000. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa ɛyaa kʊlʊmaa kɩlɩna ɖɔʊ. Pɩnaɣ 2011 taa ɛyaa mba pɛwɛ peeɖe yɔ pɛkpɛnda 741 651; pa-taa lɛ ɛyaa kʊlʊmaa kpɛnda 389 022 yaa ɛyaa 52,45 kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ, ɛyaa kɩkpɛɛdaa ñɛwɛ 311 149 yaa ɛyaa 41,95 kɛ mɩnɩoʊ yɔɔ. 

Ɛlɛ pɩnaɣ 2001 taa paakɩlɩ ɛyaa lɛ, ɛyaa kʊlʊmaa kaawɛ 67,69 kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ nɛ kɩkpɛɛdaa ñaakpɛnda ɛyaa 24,51 kɛ mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ. Ɛyaa mba pɩkazaa yɔ, pɛkɛ ɛy   aa mba pesidaa yɔ nɛ ɛndɩ mba yaa azii ñɩma. 

Ɛzɩ ajɛya lɛɛna taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ lɛɛtʊ yɔ Pretooriyaa tɛtʊ nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna taa ñɩndʊ paɖʊ nɔɔ nɛ palakɩ tʊma kʊɖʊma n; ea-taa kɔ-yɔ: Pɛtɩlɩhɛm (Palɛsɩtini), Wasɩŋtɔŋ (Etaazuunii), Kiivi (Ukurɛnɩ), Tayipeyi (Tayiwaanɩ), Teeraŋ (Iranɩ), Paakʊʊ (Azɛrbayɩjanɩ), Amanɩ (Yɔɔrɩdaanii), Tɛltɩv (Peyibaa) nɛ Baal (Suwiisi).
Prix Nobel

Kɩyɛyʊʊ sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ payaɣ se « prix Nobel» yɔ. Pɩkɛ kɩyɛyʊʊ ŋgʊ kiyeki se kedeŋa kpeekpe ɛtɩlɩ weyi pɛhɛyɩ-kʊ yɔ. Paalakɩ kʊjɔʊ ŋgʊ paa weyi lɛ yem. Ɛyʊ weyi ɛlakɩ tʊmɩyɛ sɔsɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ se pɩwazɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔ, ɛyʊ ɛnʊʊ palakɩ kʊjɔʊ ŋgʊ. Papɩzɩɣ pala kʊjɔʊ ŋgʊ ɛyʊ weyi ɛlʊkɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe laŋhɛzɩyɛ yɔɔ yɔ. Palakɩ kʊjɔʊ ŋgʊ ɖɔɖɔ wondu ndɩ ndɩ lubu nɔmɔʊ taa kɩlɩyaa. Palabɩ-kʊ tɩlʊʊ nʊmɔʊ taa kɩlɩyaa. 

Pɛtɛ palabɩ-kʊ lɛɣtʊ ndɩ ndɩ numɔʊ taa kɩlɩyaa. Palakɩ-kʊ ɖɔɖɔ ñɩnʊʊ nʊmɔʊ taa kɩlɩyaa. Palakɩ-kʊ ɖɔɖɔ takayɩsɩ maʊ nʊmɔʊ taa kɩlɩyaa. Paa pɩnaɣ ŋga lɛ, pɔcɔŋna kedeŋ kpeekpe yɔɔ nɛ pana mba pʊmʊnaa se pɛhɛyɩ-wɛ «prix Nobel» yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1901 taa pacalɩ cɛlʊʊ kɩhɛyʊʊ ŋgʊ.

Paa pɩnaɣ ŋga lɛ, aloma fenaɣ taa pɛcɛlɩɣ «prix Nobel» mba pʊmʊnaa se pɛhɛyɩ-wɛ kʊjɔʊ ŋgʊ yɔ. Fenaɣ ŋga ka-taa ɖajaa Alfred Nobel sɩba yɔ, kɔ-yɔɔ tɔzʊʊ evemiye palakɩ «prix Nobel» cɛlʊʊ sɔnzɩ. Ɖajaa Alfred Nobel sɩba saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ hiu ñɩŋgʊ wiye. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se paa pɩnaɣ ŋga lɛ, saŋayɩŋ fanaɣ kɩyakʊ hiu ñɩŋgʊ wiye palakɩ «prix Nobel» kʊjɔʊ cɛlʊʊ sɔnzɩ.
Protɔɔ

Pʋyʋ kɔtɩɩ taa pe naayɛ payaɣ se protɔɔ waa. 

Protɔɔ waa ɖɔ sakɩyɛ pʋyʋ kɔtɩɩ taa. Protɔɔ waa nɛ netrɔɔ waa patamsɩna ɖama pʋyʋ kɔtɩɩ taa. Mbʋ payaɣ se hidrɔzɛnɩ yɔ, pɩ-taa piye kpɛndɩyʋ taa piye kɛ protɔɔ yem. Protɔɔ waa pe iiciɣdiɣ pʋyʋ kɔtɩɩ taa.  

Protɔɔ waa tɛkɛ wonuu yem ñɩŋʋ nakɩyʋ. Protɔɔ waa taa wɛ mbʋ payaɣ se quarks up nɛ quark down. Wondu tʋnɛ, tɩ-natʋlɛ tɩkpɛndɩna nɛ pɩkɛ mbʋ payaɣ se baryon yɔ. Pamaɣ protɔɔ waa ñʋʋ kɛ pʋyʋ kɔtɩɩ taa nɛ mayaɣ « z ».
Prukisɛɛlɩ

Prukisɛɛlɩ kɛna Pɛlɩziki ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ nɛ tɩwɛ Prukisɛɛlɩ ɛjaɖɛ hɛkʊ taa ɖeyi ɖeyi. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa maalikanaa ɖɔɔ nɛ sɩtalɩ ɛzɩ maalisi hiu nɛ nakʊ yɔ nɛ sɩ-taa ɛyaa kpɛnda 1.180.000 wayi wayi pɩnzɩ sɩnɛ sɩ-taa.  

Ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1830 lɛ Prukisɛɛlɩ taa ɛyaa kaakpɛnda 98 279 nɛ pohuu pɩsɩɩna pɩnaɣ 1900. Pɩ-tɛ pɩnaɣ ŋga ɛyaa kaatalɩ 183.686. Pɩnzɩ nɛɛlɛ wayɩl lɛ papɩsɩ tibu yɔɔ nɛ ɛyaa wɛɛ 154.801 ɛlɛ kpaagbaa mbʊ pɩnaɣ 1930 lɛ ɛyaa talɩ 200.433. Pɩkpaɣʊ nɛ mbʊ yɔ, tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa tatasɩ ɖɔʊ paa ñɩɩ nɛ peyele papasɩɣ pasʊʊ yɔɔ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ ɛyaa 133 859 kɛ pɩnaɣ 2000. Pɩnaɣ 2015 taa pakalɩ ɛyaa lɛ, pɔɖɔ pazɩ nɛ pɛwɛ 177 849. 

Prukisɛɛlɩ tɛtʊ taa ɛyaa mba pɛwɛna ajɛya lɛɛna taa yɔ pɔɖɔ pɩdɩɩfɛyɩ: Fransɩɩ taa pɛkpɛnda ɛyaa 60 751, Maarɔkɩ taa lɛe 38 297, Rumanii ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ pɛwɛ 33.399, Itaalii taa lɛ 31.361, Ɛsɩpaañɩ taa lɛ, 27.466. Pɛwɛ ajɛya ndɩ ndɩ taa ɖɔɖɔ. Prukisɛɛlɩ taa ɛyaa ɖɔʊ wɛna ndɩ kpem nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna taa ɛyaa mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛyaa mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ lɛ abalaa kpɛnda 50,77 nɛ halaa ñwɛɛ 49,23. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-walanzɩ landammm taa maɣna kilomɛtanaa 32,61.  
 
Prukisɛɛlɩ nɛ ajɛya naayɛ taa tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ yaa kominanaa nabɛyɩ kpɛndɩɣ nɔɔ nɛ palakɩ tʊma kʊɖʊma se piɖena-wɛ camɩyɛ nɛ tɩ-taa kɔyɔ: Atlanta nɛ Wasɩŋtɔŋ (Etaazuni), Pɛrɩlɛɛ nɛ Pɔɔnɩ (Caama), Pireeziiliya (Pireziili), Kazablanka nɛ Naadɔɔrɩ (Maarɔkɩ), Peekɛɛ nɛ Maakao (Siini), Maadiriidi (Ɛsipaañɩ (Espagne)|Ɛsɩpañɩ]]), Alizee (Alizeerii), Kiyɛvɩ (Ukurɛnɩ), Kinsasa (Koŋgoo), Mɔsɩkʊʊ (Rusii), Praagɩ (cɛɛkɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa).
Puligari

**Pulgari** kɛna Erɔpɩ hadɛ kiŋnɛ wsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ ɛjaɖɛ; ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ Palikantiki tɛtʊ nzʊlɩmɩyɛ taa kpem. Puligari nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, teŋu Kɩkpɛdʊ wɛna, hadɛ kiŋ lɛ Kɩrɛsɩ nɛ Tuurkii, hayʊ kiŋ Tanubi nɛ Rumani nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ Sɛribi nɛ Masedoni ɛjaɖɛ taa. Pulgari ɛjaɖɛ ñɔ pɩnaɣ 680 nɛ 681 taa nɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlɩna Pulgari Sɔsɔʊ taa; nɖɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɖɩkɛna Erɔpɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɖiyɛ taa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩlɛɣ ñɔʊ yɔ Ɛjaɖɛ. 

Pɩnaɣ 1800 taa kɛ Puligari hɔɔlɩɣ naalɛ ŋgʊ ñɔɔ nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna 1908 kɛ mbʊ yɔ Pulgari nɛ Caama ɛjaɖɛ hɛkʊ taa sɔsɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ wɛɛ mbʊ yebina nɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩpɩsɩ Socialiste taa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ URSS ɖiya pɩnaɣ 1946 yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1990 taa kɛ URSS kɩgaʊ ŋgbɛyɛ tɔlaa nɛ Puligari pɩsɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩtatasɩ wɛʊ Commusiste waa taa yɔ.

Puligari wɛ Erɔpɩ ajɛya  kpeekpe kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgɛyɛ taa, OTAN ŋgbɛyɛ taa nɛ keteŋa kpeekpe tadɩyɛ laɖaa ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɖɔɖɔ.

Politiki tɔm taa Puligari kɛna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ ɖiyuuna yɔ nɛ kewiyaɣ ñʊʊtʊ ñɔcɔŋnana minisiriwaa waa yɔɔ yɔ. Paɣtʊ lɩzɩɣ lɛ, komina nɛ paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa palakɩna tʊmɩyɛ ɖinɛ, pɩkazɩ tɔm hʊya ñɛwɛna pa-ndɩ. Peeɖe pʊcɔ nɛ ɛyʊ kɛ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ lɛ, pɔtɔʊ caca nɛ samaɣ lɩzɩ-ɩ nɛ ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛtasɩ kɛʊ ñʊʊtʊ pɩnzɩ kagbaanzɩ wayɩ tam kʊɖʊmbʊ ɖeɖe.

Ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ ɛnʊ, ɛnʊ lɛ ɛjaɖɛ ̃ñʊʊtʊ nɛ ɛnʊ ñazɩɣna sɔɔjanaa tɩŋga; yee paɣtʊ lɩzɩyaa ɛlɩzɩ paɣtʊ natʊyʊ nɛ tɩtacaɣ camɩyɛ eɖeke ɛpɩzɩɣna nɛ ekizi-tu nɛ paasʊsʊʊ-tʊ; pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ ɛnʊ lɩzɩɣna kewiyaɣ ñʊʊtʊ. Puligari ɛjaɖe ñʊʊtʊ kɩfalʊ yɔ Rossen Plevneliev; ɛlɛɣzɩ Gueorgui Parvanov kɛ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ 2012. Peeɖe ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊtʊ nɛ- ɛ-tɛɛ tʊ palakɩna tʊmɩyɛ. Ɛ-tɛɛ tʊ ɛnɛ, paatɔʊ caca se palɩzɩ tɛtʊ ñʊʊtʊ lɛ palɩzɩɣ-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ kpaagbaa.


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Purkina Fasoo

**Purkina Fasoo** kɛna Afrɩka‎ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛta ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ payaɣ- ɖooo lɛ se: Hooti Foltaa. Teŋgu tɔcɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ nɛ pɩta kpɛɛɛ. Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ hayɩ kɩŋ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ Malii ɛjaɖɛ wɛna kamaɣ yɔɔ; wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, Nizɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ yee hadɛ kɩŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kɔ yɔ, Peenɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ. Purkina Fasoo nɛ hadɛ kiŋ lɛ, Togo nɛ Kana ajɛya wɛna piyele wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ hadɛ kɩn lɛ, Kootidiivʊwarɩ tɛtʊ.
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Purkina Fasoo tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ kɔyɔ Wagaadugu nɛ tɩwɛ Purkina Fasoo tɛtʊ hɛkʊ taa. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛ Afrɩka‎ ajɛya kpeekpe kpɛndɩɣ ŋgbɛyɛ taa nɛ CEDEAO ñɩnɖɩ taa. Keteŋga kpeekpe taa lɛ, yee pakpaɣ ajɛya hiu wena akɩla kʊñɔŋ taa wɛʊ kɔyɔ, pana ɖɔɖɔ Purkina Fasoo. 

Ɖooo lɛ, Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ kakpacayaɣna-ɖɩ picɔ ɖɩkɔɔ ɖɩhiu ɖɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1960. Papaazɩɣ yaʊ se Purkina Fasoo yɔ pideleɖi; Thomas Sankara kewiyaɣ taa kɛ papɩsɩnaa mbʊ kɩyɛna fenaɣ nanza pɩnaɣ 1984. 

Ŋ̃ʊndɩna mba peɖiya Purkina Fasoo ɛjaɖɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna sɔnɔ yɔ, mba yɔ: Maurice Yaméaogo (1960-1966), Sangoulé Lamizana (1966 1980 ), Saye Zerbo (1980 to 7 Kamɩŋ fenaɣ 1982), Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo (1982 to 11 Kamɩŋ fenaɣ 1983), Thomas Sankara (1983—1987), Blaise Compaoré (1987-2014), Honoré Traoré, ɛkɛna Blaise Compaoré lone taa caɣyʊ nɛ fenasi naalɛ ɖeke ɛlaba nɛ Yacouba Isaac Zida ñakpaɣ nɛ ɛlɛ la kɔzɔɖɔna naalɛ nɛ eyebina Michel Kafando, Gilbert Diendéré. Kpana salaŋ fenaɣ 2015 nɛ nnsɩɩna saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ 2015 ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, ɛnʊ cɔŋna ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-yɔɔ nɛ pɔtɔ caca nɛ palɩzɩ weyi lɛ, ɛɛkɛ Purkina Fasoo ñʊʊdʊ.
Purundi

Purundi kɛna Afrɩka wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ ta ɛaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ teŋgu yaa lɩm nabʊyʊ tɔcɔɔ-ɖɩ nɛ pɩtɑa. Ɛlɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛna lɩm kucomuu maŋgazɩ nakʊyʊ nɛ payaɣ-kʊ se Taaŋanɩka (Tanganyika). Wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ Purundi nɛ Kɔŋgoo pazɩna ɖama nɛ kamaɣ, hayi kiŋ lɛ, Rʊwandaa ɛjaɖɛ, wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ nɛ ŋtalɩ hadɛ lɛ Tanzaani. Purundi tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ yɔ Puzumbura.

Ɖooo pɩnzɩ 1903 taa kɛ Purundi kɛwɛ afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa hɔɔlʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Caamawaa nesi tɛɛ yɔ nɛ kedeŋa kpeekpe kacalaɣ you tɛma lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖiyele ɖɩtɔlɩ Pɛɛlɩziiki mba nesi tɛɛ. Purundi mʊ kɩ-tɩ yɔɔ wɛʊ kɛ hasɩ yaɖɛ fenaɣ kacalaɣ wiye pɩnaɣ 1962 nɛ wiyao Mwambutsa naanza ñɩnʊ kacalɩna wɛʊ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-nɔɔ yɔɔ. Ɛɛwɛna paɣtʊ natʊyʊ nɛ tɩɩkɩla eyaa ɖɔŋ nɛ pɩkɔma pɩnzɩ naalɛ  wayɩ lɛ, paɖɩzɩ-tʊ.

Ageeta wena payawaɣ se Tʊʊtʊsɩ nɛ Huutusi yɔ pataanaɣ-ɖama nɛ ɛsɩyɛ nɛ ayou paa ɖooye. Ageeta ana aatɛma you ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1960 nɛ pɩnzɩ 12 wayɩ lɛ, pɔkɔɔ patasɩ you kpem nɛ ɛyaa mba pehiu sɩm yɔ pɛɖɛ ɛzɩ kotukiŋ hiŋ sakɩyɛ mbʊ yɔ.   

Tʊʊtʊsɩ nɛ Huutusi pɛ-tɛ ɖama kɩɩnɩnaʊ ŋgʊ kɩkɔma kɩtasɩ tuluu 1970 nɛ 1980 piyebina nɛ you nakʊyʊ ñalɩɩ samaɣ kpeekpe hɛkʊ taa pɩnaɣ 1993. You ŋgʊ kɩɩpaɣzaa lɛ, Hutʊsi mba po-koyindina sakiyɛ ɛlɛ panɛ pakʊyɩ pasɩŋ pa-naŋgbanzɩ yɔɔ nɛ pɔtɔyɩtɩ Tʊʊtʊsɩ mba nɛ pɩcaɣ pʊdɔdɩyɛ: Huutusi mba sɩba ɛzɩ ɛyaa kutokiŋ 50 000 yaa 100 000 mbʊ yɔ. Pɩsa nɛ paa-anɩ ɛlaŋɩyɛ hɛɛ pazɩ lɛ, pakpaɣ paɣtʊ natʊyʊ nɛ pɩwɛɛ se pɩnaɣ nɛ hɔɔlʊʊ wayɩ lɛ Tʊʊtʊsɩ nɛ Huutusi waa lɛ pakpakɩɣ kpelaɣ nɛ pakazɩɣ ɖama.
Puyenezɛrɩ

**Puyenozɛrɩ** kɛna Arzantiini ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ nɖʊ tɩ-taa ɖeu nɛ ndʊ ɖɔɖɔ kɛŋna peeɖe tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ. Amerika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ kpeekpe ta payɩ lɛ, Sao Poolo tɛtʊ wayɩ, Puyenezɛrɩ ñɩndʊ taa kɛ ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔɖɔ. Pɩtasɩ ɖɔdɔ lɛ, pakpaɣ tɛtʊ sʊzɔtʊ hiu nɛ looɖo (16) wena a-taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ kɛ keteŋa kpeekpe taa kɔyɔ, Puyenezɛrɩ ñɩndʊ wɛ a-taa. Pɩnaɣ 2005 taa pɔcɔnaa nɛ pana yaa pamazɩ se kaakaa pɩnaɣ 2015 lɛ peeɖe ɛyaa talɩ miliyɔɔnaa 3 090 900. 

Puyenezɛrɩ tɛtʊ kpeekpe taa nɛ pɩtasɩna tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-tɛ egeetiye nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Puyenezɛrɩ Sɔsɔʊ yɔ, pɩ-taa ɛyaa kpeekpe kpɛnda miliyɔɔnaa hiu nɛ naanza nɛ hɔɔlɩʊ (14 500 000). Pamazɩ Puyenezɛrɩ tɛtʊ lɛ tɩ-walanzɩ taa maɣna kilomɛtanaa agbapa 305. Puyenezɛrɩ tɛtʊ taa ɛyaa tɛ cazɔnaa nabayɩ kɔyɔ Ɛsɩpaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa mba nɛ lɛɛba ñalɩna Italii. Tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-taa ɛyaa mba palakɩ katolika tɛ cɔɔcɩ yɔ, mba kɩlɩna ɖɔʊ. 

Puyenezɛrɩ tɛtʊ taa kɛ teŋu ŋgʊ hɔɔlʊ ŋgʊ kɩkɩla paɣlʊ yɔ kɩwɛ nɛ  peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ kɛ politiki nɛ ɛsɩndaa wobu tʊma kɩla wɛʊ. Pɩnaɣ 1536 taa kɛ sɔdɩŋ weyi payaɣ-ɩ se Mendoza tɛ Pedro nɛ Garay taa Juan yɔ pɔñɔza Puyenezɛrɩ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ. Ɛlɛ Mendoza tɛ Pedro kaapazɩna lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1536 pʊcɔ nɛ ɛtaabalʊ Garay taa Juan ñasɩna-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1580.