open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Piresiili

Amerika nɛ Hadɛ Kiŋ ajɛya taa lɛ, **Piresiili** ɛjaɖɛ kɩlɩna walʋʋ. Ɖɩ-samaɣ kɩlɩna ɖɔɖɔ ɖɔʋ. Ɖɩwalaa ɛzɩ kilomɛtakakɩnaa 8 515 767 mbʋ yɔ. Ɖɩ-ɛyaa kɛkɛ ɛzɩ miiliyɔɔwaa 201 yɔ pɩnaɣ 2013 n̄ɩŋa taa. Kedeŋa kpeekpe ajɛɛ taa lɛ, Piresiili kɛnɩna ɖɔɖɔ ɛjaɖɛ kagbaanzɩ n̄ɩnɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɩlɩ walʋʋ nɛ ɖɩ-ɛyaa kɩlɩ ɖɔʋ yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 2013 n̄ɩŋa taa lɛ, Piresiili kɛkɛnɩna kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ lʋbɛ n̄ɩŋɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɔsʋʋ huwaa nɛ pɩkɩlɩ yɔ. Ɖɩ-ɛsɩndaa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ Ruusii ɛjaɖɛ. Preziili kɛwɛna pɩnaɣ ŋ́ga ka-taa dɔɔlaarɩ waa ɛgbaŋ 2 243. Yee pɛtɛyɩ Amerika nɛ Hadɛ Kiŋ tɛtʋ tɔm naalɛ yɔ, Piresiili kpaɣ hɔɔlʋʋ kʋɖʋmʋʋ mpilim. Ɛ nɛ Siilii nɛ Ekowatɛɛrɩ pa-ajɛɛ ɖeke tasɩɩna nɛ ɖama kamasɩ. Piyele ɛ nɛ ajɛɛ lɛɛna kpeekpe pasɩna ɖama kamasɩ. 

Piresiili ɛjaɖɛ kɛwɛ yomiye taa waasɩ sakɩyɛ Pɔrtigaalɩ n̄ɩmba nesi tɛɛ. Halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ mbʋ yɔ, ɖi-ɖeke ɖɩkɛnɩna Pɔrtigaalɩ n̄ɩmba n̄ɩm Amerika tɛtʋ taa. Mbʋ yebina nɛ  pɔyɔɔdʋʋ Pɔrtigaalɩ n̄ɩmba kʋnʋŋ Preziili ɛjaɖɛ tʋma ɖɩlaɖɛ taa. Kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ, Piresiili ɛjaɖɛ taa pakɩlɩɣ Pɔrɩtɩgɛɛ kʋnʋŋ yɔɔdʋʋ. Piresiili wɛ ajɛɛ wena ayɔɔdʋʋ Pɔrɩtɩgɛɛ kʋnʋŋ kʋnʋŋ yɔ, a-ŋgbɛyɛ taa. Amerika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ajɛɛ taa lɛ, Ɛsɩpaañɔlɩ kʊnʊŋ pakɩlɩɣ yɔɔdʋʋ, pʋwayɩ lɛ, Pɔrɩtɩgɛɛ kʋnʋŋ. Paakɩlɩɣ-kʋ yɔɔdʋʋ Amerika Laatiini ɛjaɖɛ taa.

Piresiili nɛ Amerika nɛ hadɛ kiŋ ajɛɛ sakɩyɛ lɛɛna pɛwɛna wɛtʋ kʋɖʋmtʋ : ŋgbɛyɛ Katolika taa n̄ɩma kɩlɩna ɖɔʋ, ɛyaa takɩlɩ ɖama n̄ɩɣdʋʋ tɛtʋ hɔɔlʋʋ kʋɖʋmʋʋ taa, sakɩyɛ wɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ sɔsɔtʋ taa, ɛyaa mɩnʋʋ yɔɔ lɛ, 84 wɛ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ sɔsɔtʋ taa (84 %).

Kominawaa ndɩ ndɩ kpɛndɩna nɛ pɩkɛ Piresiili ɛjaɖɛ nɛ ɖɩsɔɔlɩ ɛyʋ tɩyɔɔwɛʋ. Pɩkɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-hɔɔlɩŋ wɛ ndɩ ndɩ nɛ ɖɩ-taa ɛyaa ɖamanɩnaʋ wɛɛ ndɩ yɔ. Laʋ sɔsɔʋ nakʋyʋ huuzi Piresiili ɛjaɖɛ hɔɔlʋʋ sɔsɔʋ yɔɔ, ɛyaa fɛyɩ laʋ ŋ́gʋ kɩ-taa. Hadɛ kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ hɔɔlʋʋ taa lɛ, ɖɩnaɣ tɛtʋ sɔsɔtʋ tʋnɛ : "Sao Paulo" nɛ "Rio de Janeiro" nɛ ageta sɔsɔna taa naɖɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩcɔ "Belo Horizonte" tɛtʋ nɛ ɖɩta yɔ. Tɔsʋʋ nʋmɔʋ taa lɛ, Piresiili ɛjaɖɛ wɛ ajɛɛ wena a-taa mulum kɩla wɛʋ kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ yɔ a-taa. Ɖɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ ajɛɛ sɔsɔna wena a-tɔsʋʋ ɖɛ ɛsɩndaa nɛ pɩkɩlɩ yɔ a-taa. Ajɛɛ ana, anaa yɔ : Siini, Ɛɛndɩ, Afrɩka hadɛ kiŋ nɛ Ruusii.
Blaise Pascal

Blaise Pascal, palʊla-ɩ mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 19 pɩnaɣ 1623 kɛ Clairmont tɛtʊ taa (ɖenɖe sɔnɔ payaɣ se Clermont-Ferrand), Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛsɩ Paarii tɛtʊ kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 19 pɩnaɣ 1662 taa. Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛɛkɛ lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩyʊ, ɛkɛ tomnasi ɖɔnɛ tɛ tʊʊzɩyɛ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ, ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ luɖu nɛ lɔnzɩnɖɛ tʊmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ nɛ lɔŋ tasɩyʊ nɛ Ɛsɔtɔm yɔɔ tɩlɩyʊ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛwɛɣ pɩɣa ŋñɩɩ lɛ, ɛ-caa paza-ɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ nɛ ɛtʊma kajalaɣ kaakɛ tɩlɩyɛ pɩŋ tɛ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ.

Ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 19 lɛ, ɛlʊba akɔnta labʊ ñɩɣyʊ nɛ pɩnzɩ naatozo wayi lɛ, ɛlɩzɩ kɔɔnaɣ ñɩɣyɩŋ 50. Ɛwɩlɩɣ ñɩɣtʊ ndʊ ɛ-kpaɣdɩna nɛ ɛsɛʊ pɩŋ tɔm hʊyaa ñʊʊ tʊ weyi payaɣ se Séguier. 

Hama tɩlɩyɛ naɖɩyɛ wayi, tɩlɩyɛ nɖɩ ɛwɩla kamɩŋ fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 1654 alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ lɛ, ɛcɛlɛ ɛ-tɩ lɔnzɩnɖɛ tʊmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ nɛ Ɛsɔ yɔɔ lɩmaɣza tʊmɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ ɛlɛ, ɛtɔsɔɔ tɩlɩyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ yɔ ɖɔɖɔ. Ɛma takayasɩ pɩlɩna ɛjaɖɛ hɔɔlʊʊ ñʊʊ tʊ nɛ fetenum yɔɔ, tɔm ndʊ pasʊsa-tʊ fenasɩ naalɛ wayi kɛ ɛsɩm wayi mbʊ lɛ, ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 39, ɛlɛ pɩɩwɩ-ɩ siŋ. 

Palʊla-ɩ Clairmont (nɔnɔɔ Clermont-Ferrand), Auvergne egetiye taa, Pascal Blaise kɛ Auvergne tʊ nɛ ɛ-hɔʊ kaakɛ Auvergne tɛ ɛyaa kpaɣɖɩŋ sakɩyɛ sakɩyɛ taa. E-ɖoo, Antoinette Begon ñasɩba mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 29 pɩnaɣ 1626 alɩwaatʊ taa mbʊ lɛ, Pascal kaawɛna pɩnzɩ naatozo.  

Ɛ-caa payaɣ se Pascal Etienne (1588–1651), ɛpaza ɛkɩlɩ sɔɔlʊʊ lɛɣtʊ tʊma nɛ tɩlɩyɛ tʊma mbʊ lɛ, ɛkɛ Auvergne cikpeluu taa wiyaʊ tɛ lɔntasɩyʊ caaja alɩwaatʊ, nɛ ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ sɩnaʊ kpaŋ taa ñʊʊ tʊ tɛɛ tʊ Montferrand tɛtʊ taa. Ɛyʊ ɛnɛ ɛkpaɣ lɩmaɣza mbʊ se eyeke koŋ ɛwɩlɩɣ e-pɩyaa. Pascal Blaise kaawɛna kɔɔnaa naalɛ, Jacqueline, palʊla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1625 alɩwaatʊ taa nɛ Gilberte (palʊla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1620 nɛ ɛwalɩ pɩnaɣ 1642 kɛ Florin Périer tɛtʊ taa, ɛkɛ lɔntasɩyʊ Clermont sɩnaʊ kpaŋ taa.  

Pɩnaɣ 1631 taa lɛ, Etienne kpaɣ e-piyaa nɛ pɛɖɛɛ powolo Paarii tɛtʊ taa, mbʊ lɛ, Blaise kaawɛna pɩnzɩ 8 yeke. Ɛ-caa kpaɣ lɩmaɣza mbʊ se ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛwɩlɩɣ ɛ-pɩyalʊ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ka-ñʊʊ taa kaawɛ lɔŋ piŋ. Kpɛɖɛɛ mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, Blaise hiɣ lɛɣtʊ lɔŋ nɛ tɩlɩyɛ lɔŋ, pɩtɩŋna ɖɔɖɔ ɛ-caa tɛ yɔɔdasɩ nɛ tɩlɩyaa sɔsa pɛnɛ yɔ canaʊ alɩwaatʊ taa, Roberval nɛ Marin Mersenne nɛ Girard Desargues nɛ Claude Mydorge Pierre Gassendi nɛ Descartes.
Bollywood

Bollwood (बॉलीवुड) kɛnɛ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ paha Ɛɛndɩ sinimaɣ tʊma sɔsɔna ɖɩɣa yɔ. Bombey tɛtʊ taa koŋ kɩwɛɛ nɛ peeɖe palaba kɛlɛm kɛlɛm naa nɛ hɛndɩ kʊnʊŋ taa. Tʊma sɔsɔna ɖɩɣa ŋga kɛkɛna  sɩnɩma tʊma sɔsɔna ɖɩɣa kɛ Ɛndɩ ɛjɖɛ taa pɩtɩŋna kɛlɛm kɛlɛm naa mba palaba nɛ pɔɖɔɔ pɩŋ yɔ pʊyɔɔ. Kɛlɛm kɛlɛm naa mba pamɩzɩ yaa pɛyɛlɩ yaa pɔtɔyɩ Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ halɩ pɩtalɩ ajɛyɛ kpeekpe taa, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Azii nɛ Hadɛ Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa, Afrika nɛ Hayi nɛ Moyen-Orient ɛjaɖɛ taa. 

Bollywood kɛ Bombay nɛ Hollywood tɛ tobi yaa kɛlɛʊ yɔɔdaɣ. Ɛnglɩsɩ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, bollywood kɛ tiŋ ndɩ ndɩ sakɩyɛ hɩla ɛ-tɛ nɛ tɩŋ pee wena ayaɣ hɔɔlasɩ naalɛ kpa yɔ piliŋga taa. Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa ajɛyɛ tɛ Bollywood kɛ Ɛndɩ sinimaɣ tʊma. Pɩkɛ pɩyʊ mbʊ pɩwazaɣ kɔyɔ se pawɩlɩ ɖooo poliŋ taa kɛ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm yɔɔ hendu teyaa nɛ tɩ-payaa yɔ nɛ pɩkɛ tanaʊ miziiki.

Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, sɩnɩma kɩlɩ tʊma sɔsɔna tɩŋa payɩ, pɩkɛ ɛsakuliye pɩyʊ, fezuu caɣʊ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ nɛ Ɛndɩ ɛyaa tɛ fezuu labʊ taa pɩyʊ keem, pasɩma-kʊ nɛ kɩ-laɖaa sɔsaa (wabɩya kɩkpaɖa) nɛ kɩ-wazaɣ yaa kʊ-ɖoŋ weyi kɩwɩlɩ ajɛyɛ yɔ. Kɩwɛ ɛzɩ kelaa yɔɔ sɩnaʊ yɔ, mbʊ Shahrukh Khan tɔma se pɩfɛyɩ se pɔcɔɔna kɩwayɩ.

Mʊntʊsʊʊ ɖalaa ñɩma woŋna sɩnɩma tɔm Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Pawɩlɩ pɛ-tɛ kajalaɣ kɛlɛm kɛlɛm Paarii tɛtʊ taa kɛ takayasɩ mayaa akɔma ɖɩɣa kuduyuu ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ Ɛndɩ ɛyaa ñɔʊ kɔfɩ yɔ. Fenasi cabɩ wayɩ lɛ, pɛ-tɛ sɩnayʊ Maurice Sestier ñala kpaɣ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 7 pɩnaɣ 1896 kɛ Watson’s akɔma ɖɩɣa taa kɛ Bombay tɛtʊ Mʊntʊsʊʊ ɖalaa tʊma naayɛ a-taa kɔyɔ suluku talɩɣ La Ciotat suluku ɖɩsɩŋɩyɛ nɛ Lyon Mʊntʊsʊʊ tʊma sɔsɔna taa lɩɣ.
Bernhard Riemann

Georg Friedrich Bernahard Riemann, palʊla-ɩ salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 17 pɩnaɣ 1826 kɛ Breslenz tɛtʊ taa, Caama ɛjaɖɛ. Ɛsɩ hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 20 pɩnaɣ 1866 kɛ Selasca ɛjaɖɛ taa, pɩkɛ egeetiye cikpeɖe naɖɩyɛ Verbania kooka taa kɛ Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛyʊ ɛɛkɛ lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩyʊ Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa.
 
Palʊla-ɩ Breselenz, pɩkɛ haɖaa kooka nakɛyɛ Hanover kewiyaɣ ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ nɔɔnɔɔ tɛ Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa. Riemann kɛ pɩɣa naalɛ ŋga kɛ pɩyaa loɖo taa. Ɛ-caa, Friedrich Bernhard Riemann, ɛɛkɛ Luther ninɖiyu yaa pastɔɣɔ, ɛlaba ɖɔɖɔ napoléon tɛ yoŋ. E-ɖoo Charlotte Ebell, ɛlɛ ñasɩba lɔŋ pʊcɔ e-pipaa paɣlɩ. Bernhard kaawɛ pɩɣa ŋñɩɩ mbʊ yɔ, ɛ-ñʊʊ taa katɛma wɛʊ lɛɣtʊ lɔŋ. Ɛlɛ ɛyʊ ɛnʊyɔ ɛɛwɛ hɛmmm nɛ ɛsɔɔlʊʊ yɔɔdʊʊ ɛyaa taa mbʊ lɛ, pɩpɩsɩ-ɩ kʊdɔŋ ɛ-ñʊʊ taa.
 
Pʊkɔma pɩnaɣ 1840 taa lɛ, Bernhard wolo Hanover ɛcaɣ e-neze cɔlɔ nɛ ewoki Lyceum (kɔlɛzɩ sukuli).  E-neze sɩba pɩnaɣ 1842 wayi lɛ, ewolo Lunebourg se pɩsa ɛpɩzɩ ɛla ɛ-kɔlɛzɩ sukuli. Ɛkɔma ɛtalɩ hɛkʊ taa sukuli kɩlɛlʊʊ ɖamɩŋ taa lɛ, ɛkpɛlɛkɩ sakɩyɛ Ɛsɔ tɔm takayaɣ, ɛlɛ, ɛkɩlɩ sɔɔlʊʊ lɛɣtʊ tɔm nɛ halɩ ɛsɔɔlɩ se ɛtakɩ nɛ ɛwɩlɩ takayaɣ ŋga ka-taa tɔm kiɖe nɛ lɛɣtʊ lɔŋ yɔ. Pɩɖɩzɩ ɛ-wɩlɩyaa se papɩzɩ panɩɩ ɛ-lɔŋ tɔbʊʊ nɛ pocosi-i. 

Pʊkɔma pɩnaɣ 1846 taa lɛ, ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 19 kɛlɛ, pɩtɩŋna e-liɖe liidiye yɔɔ lɛ, ɛpazɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ lɔnsɩnɖɛ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ Ɛsɔ tɔm kpɛlɛkʊʊ camɩyɛ se pɩha-ɩ waɖɛ nɛ ɛpɩsɩ pastɔɣɔ yaa Ɛsɔ tɔm heyiyu nɛ ɛkapɩzɩ nɛ ɛha liidiye ɛ-ñɩma.   

Pɩnaɣ 1847 taa lɛ, ɛ-caa hayi nɔmɔʊ se ɛpazɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ lɛɣtʊ tʊmɩyɛ. Kajalaɣ lɛ, ɛla Göttingen sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa ɖenɖe ɛkata Carl Friedrich Gauss yɔɔ, pʊwayɩ lɛ, ɛla Berlin sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa ɖɔɖɔ ɖenɖe ɛkata wɩlɩyaa lalaa ɛzɩ Jacobi nɛ Steiner nɛ Dirichlet. Ehiɣa se ɛpɩsɩ wɩlɩyʊ kɛ Göttingen sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa pɩnaɣ 1857 taa lɛ, ɛɖanɩɣ kpaʊ Dirichlet lɩmaɣza alɩwaatʊ ɛlɛ ñasɩba yɔ. Pʊkɔma pɩnaɣ 1862 lɛ, ɛkpaɣ halʊ nɛ paya ɛlɛ se Elise Koch. Bernhard sɩbɩna kpezi wɩlaɣ kʊɖɔŋ mbʊ lɛ, ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 39 kɛ Selasca tɛtʊ taa nɛ pepime-ɩ Biganzolo sɩɖaa naŋ yɔɔ kɛ Verbania tɛtʊ taa.
Ban Ki-moon

Ban Ki-Moon kɛ Koore nɛ Hadɛ Kiŋ ɛjaɖɛ taa tʋ. Palʋla-ɩ mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ naadozo (13) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1944 n̄ɩŋga taa Eumseong tɛtʋ taa.

Ɖajaa Ban Ki-Moon kɛŋna sɔnɔdaa kedeŋa kpeekpe ajɛya kpɛndʋʋ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ se ONU yɔ ɖɩ-takayaɣ taa mayʋ sɔsɔ. Ɖooo ONU ŋgbɛyɛ ñɔʋ yɔ, ɛyaa lʋbɛ tɛmna kɛʋ ɖɩ-takayaɣ taa mayaa. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se Ɖajaa Ban Ki-Moom kɛ ɖɩ-takayaɣ taa mayʋ lutozo ñɩnʋ. Ɖajaa Kofi Annan kɛ ɛlɛɣzaa. 

Ɖajaa Ban Ki-Moon nɩɣ kʋnʋmɩŋ sakɩyɛ. Ɛnɩ Fransɩɩ kʋnʋŋ, ɛnɩɩ ɛŋglisi kʋnʋŋ, ɛnɩɩ ɖɔɖɔ caama kʋnʋŋ nɛ pɩtasɩna ɛjaɖɛ taa kʋnʋmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ.  Kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kajalaɣ kɩyakʋ nɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 2007 taa palɩzɩ Ɖajaa Ban Ki-Moon se ɛkɛ ONU ŋgbɛyɛ takayaɣ taa mayʋ sɔsɔ. Ɛlaba pɩnzɩ kagbaanzɩ nɛ pɩtɛ lɛ, paɖaɣnɩ-ɩ lɩzʋʋ se ɛtasɩ ɖiyiɣ ŋgbɛyɛ ńɖɩ pɩnzɩ kagbaanzɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se ɛyʋ lakɩ pɩnzɩ kagbaanzɩ nɛ ɛtɛ lɛ, pɛlɛɣzɩ-ɩ nɛ palɩzɩ takayaɣ taa mayʋ kɩfalʋ. 

Yee mbʋ, Ɖajaa Ban Ki-Moon tʋmɩyɛ labʋ ONU ŋgbɛyɛ taa sʋ paa ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-ɛsɩyɛ. Pʋ-yɔɔ paɖaɣna-ɩ lɩzʋʋ se ɛtasɩ kɛʋ ɖɩ-takayaɣ taa mayʋ nabʋlɛ ɖeɖe.

Mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ kɩyakʋ naalɛ nɛ kʋɖʋm (21) n̄ɩŋg wiye, pɩnaɣ 2013 taa.
Buudiyism

"Buudiyism" kɛ Ɛɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ kewiyaɣ ŋgbɛyɛ. Siddhartha Gautama wɩlaɣ tɔm ndʋ yɔ, tɩ-yɔɔ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩn̄ɔɔ.						

Pɩnaɣ 2005 taa lɛ, ɛyaa miiliyɔɔ waa 250 nɛ powolo 500 kɛwɛna "Buudiyism" ŋgbɛyɛ taa kedeŋa kpeekpe yɔɔ. Kedeŋa yɔɔ cɩnɛ Krɩstʋ n̄ɩma kɩlɩna ɖɔʋ. Paba wayɩ lɛ, Ɛsɔsɛyaa tɩŋ. Ɛsɔsɛyaa wayɩ lɛ, Ɛɛnduu taa n̄ɩma n̄atɩŋna nɛ paba wayɩ kɛ Buudiyism taa n̄ɩma tɩŋaa. Kedeŋa maɣmaɣ wɛna ɖoŋ weyi yɔ, ɛ-yɔɔ Buudiyism ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɛyaa tisuu. Ɛyʋ n̄ʋʋdaa tɩlɩtʋ nɛ ɛzɩma mbʋ ɛmaɣzɩɣ nɛ ɛcakɩ e-wezuu yɔ nɛ ɛzɩma mbʋ ɛmaɣzɩɣ se palaba kedeŋa nɛ kɛwɛ wɛɖʋʋ ŋgʋ yɔ pʋ-yɔɔ patɩŋnaa nɛ palɩzɩ Buudiyism ŋgbɛyɛ.

Toovenim ɛyaa sɩma mbʋ se Buudiyism ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɛyaa iitisiɣ ɛsɔ nɔɔyʋ yɔɔ. Paa mbʋ yɔ, Ɛɛndoonesii ɛjaɖɛ taa peliziɣ ɛsɔ nɔɔyʋ kelizaɣ. Ɛnʋʋ payaɣ se "Buuda". (Siddhartha Gautama). "Theravada" nɛ kɔzɩkɔzɩ "Mahayana" pɔ-sɔnzɩ taa lɛ, Buuda pakpaɣ se ɛkɔ ɛsɔ mpilim. Pɔ-yɔɔ pɩcaɣ pɩwɩlɩ se Buudiyism ŋgbɛyɛ taa n̄ɩma sɩma se ɛsɔ nɔɔyʋ wɛɛ, ɛnʋʋ payaɣ se Buuda.
Béhanzin

Wiyaʋ weyi payaɣ se, **Béhanzin** yɔ, palʋla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1845 taa nɛ ɛkɔɔ ewona sɔsaa mʋlʋm saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu (10) ñɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1906 ñɩŋa taa. Blida tɛtʋ taa Béhanzin sɩba. Wiyaʋ Béhanzin kʋɖʋm ɛnʋʋ payaɣ ɖɔɖɔ se Gbêhanzin yaa Gbèhanzin yaa ɖɔɖɔ se Gbèhin azi bô ayidji Ahosou Gbowelé. 

Yee patakalɩna wiyaʋ weyi payaɣa-ɩ se Adandozan kɔyɔ, pʋpʋ, Béhanzin kɛ Abomey ɛjaɖɛ wiyaʋ hiu nɛ kʋɖʋm tʋ. Ɖahʋma (Abomey) ɛjaɖɛ payaɣ sɔnɔdaa se Penɛɛ ɛjaɖɛ.

Behanzin tɔɔ kewiyaɣ Ɖahʋma ɛjaɖɛ taa kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ loɖo ñɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1890 taa nɛ puwolo pɩsɩɩna kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ hiu nɛ kagbaanzɩ (15) ñɩŋʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1894 ñɩŋa taa. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, pɩnaɣ 1894 taa ɛlɔɔ nɛ ekizi kewiyaɣ.

Payaɣ Béhanzin caa se, Da-Da Glèlè Kini-Kini. Béhanzin ɛnʋ sakɩyɛ yaɣa-ɩ se Ahokponu nɛ pɛɖɛyɩɣ-ɩ se prince Kondo. Pɩnaɣ 1875 ñɩŋa taa papazɩ-ɩ ɖɛʋ ḿbʋ. Béhanzin nɛ Porto-Novo tɛtʋ wiyaʋ patanaɣ ɖama nɛ ɛsɩyɛ kpem. Porto-Novo tɛtʋ wiyaʋ payaɣ se Toffa. 
Pɔkɔma pataa wiyaʋ Béhanzin num kiɖeɖem nɛ ɛpɩsɩ kelekele tʋ lɛ, pɛɖɛ-ɩ nɛ hɩla ndɩ ndɩ. Hɩla wena pɛɖɛɣana-ɩ yɔ, anaa yɔ : payaɣa se Dada, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se samaɣ tɩŋa caa.

Payaɣa-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ se, Dokounnon, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, ɛnʋ tɩna ñɩm tɩŋa payɩ nɛ ɛtɛyɩɣ ɛyaa. Ɛ-hɩɖɛ kɩsɛsɛyɛ lɛɛɖɛ yɔ se, Sèmèdo, hɩɖɛ ɖɩnɛ, ɖɩɖɩ tɔbʋʋ kɛlɛ se, kedeŋa kpeekpe wɩlɩyʋ. Patasa Béhanzin caa ɖɛyʋʋ se Aïnon, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, tɛtʋ kpeekpe wɩlɩyʋ. Paya-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ se, Jèhossou, pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se, kejisi ndɩ ndɩ tɩŋa sɩnɖʋ. Pɛɖɛyaɣ-ɩ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ hɩla sɔsɔna lɛɛna ndɩ ndɩ.

Kpou kɛkɛŋna Béhanzin caa Kini-Kini kigiluu.

Kpelaɣ ŋga pasaɣ-kɛ nɛ kɛwɛɛna naŋgbanzɩ naadozo nɛ naataŋkpala nɛ pɩsaʋ kʋlʋlʋʋ nɛ lɛɛma ŋgʋ pesiki kisiu yɔ nɛ malɩfa ḿba kɛkɛŋna e-kewiyaɣ ɖoŋ.
Caadɩ

Caadɩ kɛna Afrika nɛ hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ taa ɛjaɖɛ nadɩyɛ nɛ lɩŋamʋʋ nakʊyʊ lɩm eekpeŋ ɖɩ-cɔlɔ kpam. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛna Liibii nɛ hadɛkiŋ piyele ɖiwɛɛna Niizɛrɩ nɛ Naajeeriya ajɛya wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa; ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩwɛna Kameruni nɛ Sentrafriki hayɩ kiŋ; pɩkazɩ Suudanɩ ɛjaɖɛ lɛ, Caadɩ wɛna ɖɩ-wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ.

Afrika ajɛya kpeekpe taa lɛ, Caadɩ kɛŋna ɛjaɖɛ kagbanzɩ ñɩnɖɛ kɛ wena akɩlɩ walanzɩ yɔ nɛ ɖɩ-walanzɩ taa wɛ 1 284 000 km2. Caadɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa pɔɔ ŋga kakɩlɩ walʊɣ nɛ ɖaalakɩŋ yɔ ŋga lɛ Caadɩ Lɩŋamʋʋ piyele nɛ pʊʊ nɣʊ kɩkɩlɩ kʊyʊʊ yɔ kʊkʊ lɛ Emi Kusi nɛ kɩwɛ Tibɛstii pʊŋ hɛkʊ taa. Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩmʊ ɖɩ-tɩ yɔ wɛʊ kɛ pɩnaɣ 1960 nɛ ɖɩ-kacalaɣ ñʊʊtʊ payaɣ se François Tombalbaye.

Pɩnaɣ 2003 taa kɛ Caadɩ ɛjaɖɛ sʊ ajɛya wena apɛdɩɣ kaɖazɩm nɛ ajɛya lɛɛna yɔ; ŋgʊ ɖooo lɛ ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-tɔsʊʊ kɛwɛ pɩsatʊ yaa yɔlɔtʊ, kɛtɛʊ haɖaʊ nɛ naŋ ɖɔɖɛ ɖeke pa-taa. Kaɖazɩm pɛdɩɣ pʊnɛ piyeba nɛ Caadɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɔsʊʊ tasɩ hʊʊ nɛ pɩɖɛɛna ɛsɩndaa. Paa nɛ mbʊ yɔ, kedeŋa kpeekpe ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩcɔŋna tɔsʊʊ nɛ ɛsɩndaa wobu yɔ ɖɩtɔŋ se pɔcɔna takayasɩ taa pɩnaɣ 2012 taa lɛ, Caadɩ kɛna ɛjaɖɛ naanza ñɩnɖɛ kɛ kʊñʊndʊtʊ taa.

Ɛjaɖɛ ɖɩnɛ ɖɩ-ñʊʊtʊ kɩfalʊ kɛ Ɖajaa Idriss Déby.
Caama

**Caama** ɛjaɖɛ wɛ tuuɖe kedeŋa ŋga payaɣ se Eerɔpʋ yɔ kɛ-hɛkʊ taa ɖeyi ɖeyi. Caama ɛjaɖɛ kɛ kɩkpɛndɩɣ ajɛya. Caama ɛjaɖɛ wɛ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ tɩ-hɛkʊ taa: hayʊ kiŋ lɛ, Hayʊ teŋu, Taanemarɩkɩ nɛ Palitiki Teŋgu, wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa lɛ, Pɔlɔɔñɩ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Cɛɛkɩ ɛjaɖɛ, hadɛ kɩŋ lɛ, Otirisi nɛ Suwiisi ajɛya, pɩkazɩ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊiyɛ taa lɛ Fransɩɩ, Lugizamburi, Pɛlɩsiki nɛ Peyiiba ajɛya. Caama tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ kɔyɔ, Pɛrɩlɛɛ, ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, Hamburg, Munich nɛ Polɔɔñɩ. Komina loniye sɔsɔyɛ wɛ Pɛɛrlɛnɩ tɛtʊ taa nɛ Pɔɔnɩ. Tɛtʊ ndu payaɣ se Frankfort-sur-Main yɔ, ndʊ lɛ tɔsʊʊ huu tɛ tɛtʊ. 

Ɖooo pɩnzɩ mɩnɩʊ waa 15 taa kɛ caama mba mba pawɛ Caama nɛ hayʊ kɩŋ yɔ, pɛkpɛnda nɛ pɛwɛɛ mbʊ payaɣ se prootɛsɩtaŋ Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ aŋgba yɔ pɩ-taa. Pɩnaɣ 1933 kɛ Naazii waa kpaɣ kehiyaɣ kpelaɣ nɛ pɩla mbʊ hɛɛɛ hɛɛɛ nɛ kedeŋa kpeekpe you naalɛ ñɩŋgʊ paaza. Kedeŋa kpeekpe you naalɛ ñɩŋgʊ tɛma nɛ pahaba Naazii sɔɔjana lɛ, Caama lesi kɩ-tɛtʊ kpeekpe nɛ kɩtɛyɩ nabʊlɛ taa: wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa lɛ, RFA nɛ RDA ñɛwɛɛ Sooviyetiki ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ nesi tɛɛ. 

Pɩɩtɛyɩ mbʊ lɛ, koloŋa sɔsɔɔ nakɛyɩ kaakaɣna ajɛya anɛ anaalɛ ahɛkʊ taa nɛ payaɣ-kɛ se Pɛɛrlɛnɩ koloŋa. Pinaɣ 1989 tɛ kamɩŋ fenaɣ taa kɛ koloŋa ŋga kɔyɔka nɛ  pɩkɔma aloma fenaɣ 1990 lɛ, hɔɔlɩŋ naalɛ ɛnʊ ɛkpɛndɩ. Caama mba kʊnʊŋ kɛ Caama nɛ euro kɛ pɔtɔkɩ se liidiya.

Caama taa samaɣ kɛ milionaa 81 nɛ peeɖe eyaa kɩlɩna ɖɔʊ kɛ europia ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ aŋgba wena payaɣ se Union européenne yɔ a-taa. peeɖe ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊdʊ, Ɖoɖoo Angela Merkel, kɛna ɛzɩ Union Eerɔpɩyɛɛ taa sɔdʊʊ sɔsɔʊ kpem yɔ nɛ paa anɩ ɛhaɣ-ɩ ñamtʊ sɩŋŋŋ ɖɔɖɔ.

Eerɔpʋ kpeekpe tɔsʊʊ hʊʊ nɔmɔʊ taa lɛ, Caama kɛna ɛjaɖɛ kacalaɣ ñɩnɖɛ nɛ kedeŋa kpeekpe taa lɛ, ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɛ naanza ñɩnɖɛ. pɩnaɣ 2011 taa lɛ, Caama kɛna ɛjaɖɛ naalɛ ñɩnɖɛ kɛ wena akpakɩɣ atɔsʊʊ nɛ añɩm nɛ apɛdɩɣ nɛ agbaa yɔ. Ajɛya 28 wena awɛ Union Eerɔpɩyɛɛ yɔ a-taa lɛ, Caama taa koŋ kɛ tʊma ñɩnɩya tɔɖɔɔ, pʊtɔbʊʊ se kɩyɛna fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 2015 kanɛ ka-taa  mɩnɩʊ yɔɔ lɛ, ɛyaa ceeke naanza nɛ hɔɔlʊ ɖeke ñɩniʊ na tʊmɩyɛ se pala. Caama tɛtʊ taa ɛyaa hɛza nɛ paalakɩ kʊñɔmɩŋ caaa.

Caama nɛ Eerɔpʋ ajɛya lɛɛna panɩna nɛ ɖama nɛ pɔñɔzɩ kɩgaʊ ŋgbɛyɛ nɖɩ payaɣ sɔnɔ se Eerɔpʋ ajɛya kɩkpɛndɩɣ taa yɔ. Ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ ɖɔɖɔ G7 taa, G20 taa, nɛ pɩtasɩna OTAN kɩgaʊ taa. Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa ɖɔɖɔ kɛ Eerɔpʋ hɛkʊ nɛ hɛkʊ liidiya ɖɩkpɛndɩyɛ tɛ koozaɣ sɔsɔɣa wɛɛ, pɩtasɩ ɖɔɖɔ ajɛya kpeekpe t;ɔm ɖɩhʊyɛ nɛ teŋgʊ yɔɔ waɖɛ tɛ kpelaɣ sɔsɔ wɛɛ.
Caama kʊnʊŋ

Caama kʊnʊŋ payaɣna Caama taa se Deutsch [ˈdɔʏtʃ ] kɛ Ɛndɩ-Erɔpʊ kʊnʊŋ. Kɩ-tɛ nɛ Cermaniki hɔʊ piliŋa ŋga kalɩna wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kɩŋ yɔ. Pɩlɩna kɩtɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ sakɩyɛ tɛ yɔɔdasɩ ndɩ ndɩ yɔ lɛ pʊwɛ ɛzɩ kɩwalɩ ɛjaɖɛ yɔ yɔ.

Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-tɛ caanaʊ tɔm, kɩ-wɛ ndɩ Caama wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kɩŋ kʊnʊmɩŋ mbʊ lɛ pɩpazɩna doo hayʊ wɛɛ cɩkpetʊ taa, matʊ lɛɣzɩtʊ naalɛ ndʊ.

Ɖeɖe nɛ sɔnɔ taa lɛ, mba panɩɩ-kʊ yɔ paya-wɛ se germanophone waa, pɛdɛ ɖama tɛyɩʊʊ taa lɛ padalɩ miiliyɔɔ waa mɩnɩʊ,mbʊ yebina nɛ Eerɔpʋ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ Caama kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pakɩlɩ yɔɔdʊʊ Ɛrɔpa ajɛyɛɛ nɔɔ kʊɖʊmaɣ kɩgbɛndʊʊ taa.

Kedeŋga sɩm tɛyʊʊ taa, Eerɔpʋ taa lɛ Caama kʊnʊŋ kɛnɛ kʊnʊŋ sɔsɔʊ kɛ Caama Ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ Otirisi taa nɛ Lɩɛstɛnstɛɛnɩ taa nɛ Suwiisi taa nɛ Lugizamburi taa, nɛ Pɛlɩzɩkɩ taa nɛ Itaalii hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ payaa se Tɩɩrɔl nɛ hadɛ kɩŋ yɔɔ.

Kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ-kʊ ajɛyɛ naayɛ taa ɖɔɖɔ ana yɔ Fransɩɩ nɛ Taanemarki nɛ Cɛɛkɩɩ nɛ Sɩɩlɔvakii nɛ Pɔlɔñɩɩ nɛ Rumaanii, ɛlɛ komina tahaɣ waɖɛ se kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-kɛ sɔsɔʊ kɛ ajɛyɛ ana a-daa.

Afrika kedeŋa taa lɛ ajɛyɛ naalɛ taa pɔyɔɔdʊʊ Caama kʊnʊŋ, Namibii nɛ Tanzaani. Amerika taa lɛ Amerika nɛ hayʊ kɩŋ ɛlɛ nabʊyʊ taa hɛkʊ nɛ pɩdɛ Caama mba mba pɛwɛna canaʊ lakasi ɛzi kʊnʊŋ ŋgʊ paya se Pennsylvanien, ɛlɛ Amish cejewiye lakina-ɖɩ nɛ tʊmɩyɛ. Amerika nɛ hadɛ kɩŋ lɛ Paraguwee nɛ Chili nɛ Arzantiini nɛ Brezilii nɛ Venezuela pɔyɔɔdʊʊ ɖɔɖɔ Caama tɔm. Caama tɛkɛ kʊnʊŋ sɔsɔʊ ŋgʊ pɔyɔɔdʊʊ ajɛyɛ kɩgbɛndʊʊ nɔɔ kʊɖʊmaɣ taa yɔ.
Caanaʊ (Antiquité)

**Caanaʊ** kɛ tɔm kɩpɩndʊ alɩwaatʊ. Pɩtɩŋna matʊ lɛɛzɩtʊ yɔɔ kɛ caanaʊ tɔm lɛɛzɩ pʊcɔ caanaʊ alɩwaatʊ yaa kɩbɩnjazɩ alɩwaatʊ. Alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa ɛyaa sakɩyɛ taawɛna matʊ ɛlɛ pama-tʊ ɛyaa nabayɛ tɛ takayaasɩ taa. Paɖʊ-tʊ ɛsɩndaa ɖeɖe tɔm taa.
 
Pɩkpaɣna ɖooo pʊcɔ caanaʊ tɔm ŋkɔɔ ntalɩ caanaʊ maɣmaɣ tɛ tɔm alɩwaatʊ kɛ wɛɣɛ sakɩyɛ lɩwa nɛ ɛyaa sakɩyɛ lɩ ɖɔɖɔ. Mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ caanaʊ alɩwaatʊ kɛwɛ pʊcɔ pʊtɔma Hɛkʊ Alɩwaatʊ yaa pʊtɔma Ɖeɖe ɖeɖe alɩwaatʊ pɩlɩna ɛsakuluye cɔlɔ nɛ pɩtɛzɩna kɩyaakɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ pɩtɩnŋa kedeŋga ajɛyɛ hɔɔlɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ. Hɩɖɛ ndɩ ɖɩlɩna latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa antiquus nɛ pʊtɔbʊʊ se kɩbɩndʊ yaa caanaʊ. 

Erɔpʊ tɛ ɖeɖe tɔm tɛ lɛ, pɔtɔŋ se caanaʊ lɛ, pɩwɩlɩɣ pɩkɛ matʊ ɛsakuliye alɩwaatʊ Mɛdɩtɛranɩ teŋguu nɔ yɔɔ kpɛɣɛ kpaɣ pʊcɔ ɖeɖe tɔm alɩwaatʊ wayi nɛ pʊcɔ ndalɩ Hɛkʊ Alɩwaatʊ taa. Ɖeɖe tɔm kpɛkɩyaa nee mʊyaa sakɩyɛ cɔlɔ lɛ, caanaʊ alɩwaatʊ paɣzɩ pɩnzɩ kudokiŋ naanza cɔlɔ mbʊ yɔ pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Yeesuu-Chrɩstʊ (Pɩnzɩ 3500 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Y-C, 3000 pʊcɔ palʊlɩ Y-C) pɩnɛ matʊ lʊbɩtʊ Mésopotamie nɛ Egipiti ajɛyɛ taa. Alɩwaatʊ tɩtɛma pɩtɩŋna tuda tɛ sʊʊ kɛ Azii nɛ Erɔpʊ tɛ hɔŋ taa kpaɣɖʊ 5 cɔlɔ (300 nɛ 600 pɩnzɩ taa).
  
Amerika ajɛyɛ taa lɛ, pɛkpɛnda caanaʊ tɔm nɛ pʊcɔ kolombii ɛsakuliye nɛ pɩtɩŋna pʊyɔɔ lɛ, kɩpaɣzɩna pɩnzɩ 1200 cɔlɔ mbʊ yɔ pʊcɔ ɖa-alɩwaatʊ pɩkpɛndɩna lɩzɩɣ matʊ kɩwɩlɩtʊ nɛ lɩmaɣza mɛfɛyɩ nɩɣʊ waa pɩlɩna Olmèque cɔlɔ nɛ tɩtɛ kpaɣɖʊ 16 alɩwaatʊ paɣzɩ cɔlɔ mbʊ yɔ pɩtɩŋna Erɔpʊ mba tɛ talɩɣ yɔɔ nɛ pɩtɩŋ kpaagba Sɔnɔ alɩwaatʊ (Hɛkʊ Alɩwaatʊ fɛyɩ).
 
Azii pɛjaɖɛ taa lɛ, wɛɣɛ a-naa atɛma kpam pɩnzɩ -200, pɩnɛ Qin kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ ŋga katʊlɩ ɛjaɖɛ wiyaʊ sɔsɔ tɛ alɩwaatʊ taa nɛ Chola kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ paɣzɩtʊ alɩwaatʊ Ɛndɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Paɣtʊ ɖɔnɛ ndɩ ɖɩkpɛlɛkʊʊ kɩbɩndʊʊ ɛsakuliye kɛ Caanaʊ kɩbɩnɩɣʊ tɔm, ŋgʊ kɩkpɛlɛkɩɣ ɛsɩnda ɖeɖe tɔm yɔ.
Caanaʋ tɔm

Caanaʋ tɔm kɛ mbʋ pɩɩlaba ɖooo ɖɔ-cɔzɔnaa cɔlɔ nɛ pama nɛ pasɩɩ yaa pɛkɛdɩɣ-tʋ yɔ. Yee ḿbʋ, tɔm ndʋ tɩɩlaba nɛ tɩɖɛɛ yɔ; ndʋʋ n̄ɩnɩyaa halaa n̄ɩma nɛ abalaa n̄ɩma n̄ɩnaa, patazɩ tɩ-taa ɖeu nɛ pana se tɩlaba ḿbʋ toovenum nɛ pʋcɔ pama-tʋ yaa pɛkɛdɩɣ-tʋ. Caanaʋ tɔm ndʋ pama-tʋ nɛ pasɩɩ yaa pɛkɛdɩɣ-tʋ mbʋ yɔ, pɩtɛkɛ ɛyʋ maɣzɩna yem nɛ ɛma-tʋ, ɛlɛ, pɩkɛ tɔm ndʋ tɩlaba siŋŋ yɔ. Sɔsaa mba Ɛsɔ tɔzɩ-wɛ yɔ, ḿba kɛdɩɣna mbʋ pɩɩlaba caanaʋ taa yɔ nɛ n̄ɩnɩyaa maɣ nɛ pasɩɣ.

Pɩtɛkɛ mbʋ pɩɩlaba nɛ pɩɖɛɛ yɔ pɩ-yɔɔ lɩmaɣza ɖeke caanaʋ tɔm mayaa lakɩ, ɛlɛ, pasɩma ɛzɩma mbʋ pakpaɣna nɛ pama-tʋ yɔ. Lɛɣtʋ ndʋ caanaʋ tɔm mayaa tɩŋɩɣna tɩ-yɔɔ nɛ pama yɔ, tɩɖɛna ɛsɩndaa siŋŋ. Lɛɣtʋ ndʋʋ payaɣna anasaayɩ taa se "historiographie". Mbʋ payaɣ se "sciences auxiliaires" waa yɔ, ḿba sɩŋnana lɛɣtʋ ndʋ tɩ-yɔɔ caanaʋ tɔm mayaa tɩŋɩɣna nɛ pama-tʋ yɔ. Pɩtɩŋa payɩ pɩ-taa mbʋ yɔ, ɛyʋ n̄ɩnɩɣna nɛ ɛmaɣ caanaʋ tɔm ndʋ tɩlaba nɛ pɩɖɛɛ yɔ. Caanaʋ tɔm wɛ zazaɣ siŋŋ samaɣ hɛkʋ taa. Caanaʋ tɔm hʋʋ ɛyaa tɔm. Tɩ-yɔɔ pʋwɛɛ se ɛyʋ ɛtɩŋna nɛ ɛn̄ɔɔzɩ e-wezuu caɣʋ lɛɛlɛɛyɔ nɛ cee wayɩ n̄ɩŋgʋ.
Calɩm fɩɣa (Cœur)

Calɩm fɩɣa yekina nɛ ɛyʊ calɩm cɔʊ e-tomnaɣ taa. Hola naayɛ wɛ calɩm fɩɣa taa. Calɩm fɩɣa kaɣ wɛʊ kulubi tɩyɛ, ɛlɛ, ɖɩtapazɩ ɖɩwɛɛ kulubi. Ɖɩwɛ sɔɔɔ tɩyɛ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɖɩlaba ɖalʊʊ yɔɔ. Ɖɩ-taa nɛ pɔʊ nɛ calɩm yaɣna pɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa.
 
Ɛyʊ wɛna pilinzi ndɩ ndɩ. Ñʊʊ wɛɛ, nesi wɛɛ, naŋgbanzɩ wɛɛ, lotu wɛɛ nɛ laŋɩyɛ ñɛwɛɛ. Laŋɩyɛ taa calɩm fɩɣa wɛɛ. Hʊzɩŋ hɛkʊ taa calɩm fɩɣa wɛɛ. Ɛlɛ, ɖi-yuŋ kpilina hʊzɩŋ lɩmɩyɛ yɔɔ kiŋ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ɛyʊ laŋgɩyɛ nɛ lɩmɩyɛ yɔɔ kiŋ ɛyʊ calɩm fɩɣa kpilinaa.

 
Pʊ-yɔɔ pɩfɛyɩ ɖeu se ɛyʊ ɛɖʊ kaŋgalafu e-toko kabaɣ taa ɛ-laŋɩyɛ yɔɔ. Mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔɔ, yee ɛɖʊ-kʊ mbʊ nɛ pʊtʊʊzɩna se nɔɔyʊ yaɣ-ɩ kɔyɔ, kiselesiɣ ɛ-laŋɩyɛ yɔɔ peeɖe. Kiselesiɣ mbʊʊ yɔ, piciidiɣ ɛ-calɩm fɩɣa nɛ pɩkɔna-ɖɩ kaɖɛ kpem.

Hʊzɩŋ cɔ calɩm fɩɣa pɩta. Mbʊ payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se diaphragme yɔ, pʊwɛna calɩm fɩɣa tɛɛ hɔɔlʊʊ nɛ mbʊ payaɣ se sternum yɔ, pʊbʊ ñɛwɛɛna calɩm fɩɣa ɛsɩndaa kiŋ. Likiyuu (oesophase) ñɛwɛna calɩm fɩɣa wayɩ kiŋ nɛ mba payaɣna fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa se troncs artériels waa yɔ, paba ñɛwɛɛna calɩm fɩɣa hayi kiŋ. 

Ɛyʊ sʊtʊyʊ calɩm fɩɣa ɖaɣlakɩŋ wɛ ɛzɩ santimɛtɛnaa hiu nɛ naalɛ mbʊ yɔ. Kpaɣna ɖɩ-hadɛ nɛ ŋwolo ŋtalɩ ɖi-hayi kiŋ lɛ, ɖɩ-ɖaɣlakɩŋ kɛ santimɛtɛnaa nakʊ. Kaaɣʊ yɔɔ lɛ, ɖɩ-ɖaɣlakɩŋ kɛ santimɛtɛnaa loɖo. Abalʊ calɩm fɩɣa kɩlɩ paɣlʊ halʊ ñɩnɖɛ. 

Ɛyʊ sʊtʊyʊ abalɩñɩ hɔyɩ huŋ kɛ kilonaa 300. Piyele halɩñɩnʊ calɩm fɩɣa yuŋ ñɛkɛ kilonaa 250. Ɛyʊ sʊtʊyʊ abalɩñɩnʊ yuŋ ɛkɛ kilonaa mɩnʊʊ yɔ, ɛ-calɩm fɩɣa yuŋ kɛɣ 0,45. Ɛlɛ, yee pɩkɛ ɛyʊ sʊtʊyʊ halɩñɩnʊ yɔ, e-yuŋ kiloonaa mɩnʊʊ yɔɔ lɛ, ɛ-calɩm fɩɣa yuŋ kɛɣ 0,40 ɖei ɖei.
Canatʊ kʊdɔŋ

Canatʊ kʊdɔŋ (yaa Hansen kʊdɔŋ) kɛ heŋ kʊdɔŋ ɖoŋ ŋgʊ ŋgʊ kɩlɩna Mycobacterium leprae (ŋñɩɩ cɩkaɣ  ŋga kɛwɛ ɛzɩ kpeziɣwɩlaɣ tɛ ŋga yɔ. Nɔrɩfɛzɩ tʊ Gerhard Armauer Hansen yebina nɛ patɩlɩ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ pɩnaɣ 1873 alɩwaatʊ taa nɛ ɛwɩlɩɣ se kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩkpaɣ tomnaɣ yɔɔ holaa, ɛyʊ tɔnʊʊ nɛ kɔɖɩɩ huɖuu nɛ pʊkɔŋna canatʊ sɔsɔtʊ. Kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ paa ɛzɩmta sɔŋgaɣa ajɛyɛ taa (kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Azii ɛjaɖɛ taa). Kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩkɩlɩɣ ɛyaa ɖɛʊ sakɩyɛ.
   
Ɖooo pitihiɣ canatʊ kʊdɔŋ ɛɛwaɣ nɛ kʊkʊʊ. Mbʊ yebina nɛ pɩnaɣ 1909 taa ajɛyɛ lɛɛna kʊdɔmɩŋ kpɛlɛkʊʊ ŋgbɛyɛ pɔzʊʊ tɛ lɛ, pɩwɛ se pɔɖɔnɩ canasɩ ɛyaa hɛkɩŋ taa nɛ pekpeliɣ-sɩ canasɩ ɖɔkɔtɔ naa taa, mbʊ kɛwɛna ɛzɩ maɣzɩm mbʊ palaba pakaɖɩ nɛ canatʊ kʊdɔŋ yɔ. 

Sɔnɔ yɔ pawazɩɣ-kʊ pɩtɩŋna ɖɔkɔtɔ tɛ kɔ pee nɛ pala lɩmaɣza ndɩ ndɩ se palʊbɩna kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ nɛ lɛɛzɩɣ tɛ wonduu lɩwaɣ pɩlɩna ɛyaa mba pɔyɔɔ nɛ mbʊ palʊbɩna kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ yɔ.
 
Levetiki takayaɣ taa ñʊŋ 13 (1-4) wɩlɩɣ keele se papɩzɩɣ pañɩnɩ kʊdɔŋ pɩtɩŋna Ɛsɔ tɛ layʊ yɔ. Kɩpaɣlʊ yɔɔdɩna Moyizi nɛ Aaron nɛ ɛtɔŋ se yee ɛyʊ nɔɔyʊ ɛna ɛ-tomna yɔɔ egbembiye naɖɩyɛ yaa lɩlɩtʊ yaa tomiye kʊlʊmɖɩyɛ nɛ ɖɩwɛ ɛzɩ canatʊ heŋ yɔ kɛ e-tomnaɣ yɔɔ pʊpɔzɩɣ se powona-ɩ Ɛsɔ layʊ Aaron cɔlɔ yaa ɛ-pɩɣa nakɛyɛ ŋga kala kɩlaʊ Ɛsɔ ɖɔɖɔ yɔ. 

Ɛsɔ layʊ takɩɣ heŋ taa pɩ-tɛ ɛyʊ ɛ-nʊ ɛ-tomnaɣ yɔɔ. Yee hʊnʊʊ ŋgʊ ɛtakɩɣna heŋ taa yɔ kɩpɩsɩɣ kʊhʊlʊmʊ nɛ heŋ taa eliŋga nɛ pɩkpaɖɩ e-tomnaɣ kɔyɔ pɩkɛ canatʊ heŋ. 

Ɛsɔ tɛ layʊ weyi ɛtakɩɣ nɛ ɛna heŋ ɛ-nʊ mbʊ yɔ pɩzɩɣna nɛ ɛyɔɔdɩ se pɩ-tɛ ɛyʊ ɛ-nʊ ɛkɛ canaɣ. Yee e-tomnaɣ yɔɔ ɛwɛ tɔndɔlʊ kʊlʊmʊ nakʊyʊ nɛ kɩtakɩlɩ liŋguu kɔyɔ nɛ hɔnʊ ɛpɩsɩɣ kʊlʊmɩŋ kɔyɔ Ɛsɔ tɛ ɖɩkɩ-ɩ kuduyuu kɩyaakɩŋ lʊbɛ.
  
Layʊ tɛ tɔm kɛ tovonum, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛ-nʊ kɛwɛna Ɛsɔ nɛ ɛyaa pɛ-hɛkʊ taa nɛ ɛnɩɣ tɔm ndʊ Ɛsɔ tɩyaɣ ɛ-ɛyaa cɔlɔ yɔ. Yee pataka nɛ pana kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ ɛyʊ yɔɔ kɔyɔ pɩkɛna ɛyʊ ɛ-nʊ kɩjɛyʊ se ɛhɔzɩ e-wondu nɛ ɛñazɩ-tʊ mɩŋ nɛ ɛma kubusi se ɛkɛ canaɣ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ pɩkɛ sɩm sʊtʊ ɛ-maɣmaɣ. Levetiki cɔlɔ lɛ kʊdɔŋ ŋgʊ kɩpɩzɩɣ kɩwɛ ɛyʊ tɔɔlaa yɔɔ. Pʊyɔɔ yɔɔ pʊpɔzɩɣ se pɔñɔtɩ ɛ-tɔɔlaa a-naa mɩŋ.
 
Canatʊ wɛʊ yɔ paasɩmatʊ ɖooo canaʊ alɩwaatʊ taa. Paasɩma-kʊ ɖooo pɩnzɩ 600 pʊcɔ palʊlʊʊ Yeesuu-Chrɩstʊ. Kɩɩwɛ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ halɩ pamazɩɣ se yaa kɩɩlɩna Azii ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛnɛ. Palakaɣ tʊmɩyɛ génome yɔɔ lɛ pana se kɩlɩna Afrika wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ ɛjaɖɛ taa yaa hɛkʊ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ ajɛyɛ taa kiŋ pʊcɔ kɩtalɩ Azii nɛ Erɔpʊ ajɛyɛ taa.
 
Kɩtalɩ Afrika nɛ Wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa ajɛyɛ taa pɩtɩŋna Erɔpʊ nɛ hayi kiŋ nɔmɔ ɖɔnaa yɔɔ nɛ yoma nɛ pɩkɔ pɩtalɩ Karayibi nɛ Amerika nɛ Haɖɛ kiŋ ajɛyɛ taa.
Cannes silimaɣ ciŋgaayi

Paa pɩnaɣ ŋga palakɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe sinimaɣ ciŋgaayi. Pʋ-tɔbʋʋ se pɔcɔŋna nɛ pana se pɩnaɣ mpilim taa lɛ, akɩlɩ silimaɣ waa kɩbama lɩzʋʋ. Pañɩnɩɣ nɛ pana weyi ɛkɩlɩ lɩzʋʋ silimaɣ waa kɩbama lɛ, palabɩ-ɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe kʋjɔʋ sɔsɔʋ.

Pɩnaɣ 1946 ñɩŋga taa papazɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe silimaɣ waa ciŋgaayi ŋgʋ labʋ. Ɖajaa Jean Zay labɩna kedeŋa kpeekpe silimaɣ waa ciŋgaayi tɛ tamaɣ.  

Ɖajaa Jean Zay kɛ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ minisi weyi ɛcɔŋna sukulinaa nɛ nesi tɛɛ tʋma yɔɔ yɔ. Ɖooo lɛ, payaɣa kedeŋa kpeekpe silimaɣ waa tɛ ciŋgaayi se, kedeŋa kpeekpe fiilim waa tɛ ciŋgaayi. Kpaɣna pɩnaɣ 2002 nɛ pʋkɔɔ pɩsɩɩna sɔnɔ yɔ peyeba yaʋ se kedeŋa kpeekpe fiilim waa tɛ ciŋgaayi nɛ payaɣ se kedeŋa kpeekpe silimaɣ waa tɛ ciŋgaayi. Kɩyakɩŋ hiu nɛ kagbaanzɩ mpilim palakɩna ciŋgaayi ŋgʋ.

Pɩlaba pɩnzɩ cabɩ yɔ, kedeŋa kpeekpe silimaɣ waa tɛ ciŋgaayi pakɩlɩ sɩm tɛtʋ yɔɔ cɩnɛ, kɔzɩ kɔzɩ pɩnaɣ taa alɩwaatʋ ndʋ patʋlʋʋ silimaɣ waa tɛ ciŋgaayi nɔnɔɔ yɔ. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋʋ pakpazɩ kɛdɛɛka kɩsɛmaɣ nakɛyɛ ɛsɔdaa. Kedeŋa kpeekpe tɩlɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe silimaɣ waa ciŋgaayi ŋgʋ, ɛlɛ, pama takayɩsɩ ndɩ ndɩ nasɩyɛ taa nɛ pakʋyʋʋ kedeŋa kpeekpe silimaɣ waa tɛ ciŋgaayi ŋgʋ kʋ-yɔɔ.

Paa pɩnaɣ ŋga, agoza fenaɣ ɖɩtɛnɖɛ taa, kedeŋa kpeekpe silimaɣ waa laɖaa nɛ wendu teyaa nɛ mba pɛtɛyɩɣ yaa pɛpɛdɩɣ silimaɣ waa ajɛya kpeekpee taa yɔ nɛ aseɣɖe tɔm susuyaa kudokiŋ ɛgbɔŋ ɛgbɔŋ pakʋyʋʋ nɛ powoki Cannes tɛtʋ taa. Toovenum lɛ, Cannes tɛtʋ taa palakɩ kedeŋa kpeekpe silimaɣ waa tɛ ciŋgaayi ŋgʋ. Cannes tɛtʋ wɛ Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa.
Carl Friedrich Gauss

Johann Carl Friedrich Gauß (Caama kʊnʊŋ taa pɔyɔɔdʊʊ se gaʊs, matʊ paɣtʊ taa lɛ, pama se Gauss nɛ Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ taa, Itaalii kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, Carolus Fridericus Gauss). Palʊla-ɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 30 pɩnaɣ 1777 kɛ Brunswick nɛ ɛsɩ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 23 pɩnaɣ 1855 kɛ Göttingen. Ɛyʊ ɛɛkɛ lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩyʊ, nɛ tɩyɩnzɩ yɔɔ kpɛlɛkʊʊ niye mʊyʊ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ tomnasɩ ɖɔnɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ kɛ Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛkɔna lɔŋ lɩmaɣza sakɩyɛ hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnʊ ɛ-niitozo ɛ-taa. Pɛsɛyɩ-ɩ hɩɖɛ se lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩyaa wiyaʊ nɛ pɔtɔ se ɛkɛ lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩyaa taa niye mʊyʊ kɛ pɛ-tɛ alɩwaatʊ lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩyaa tɩŋa taa.

Gauss kaakɛnɛ Göttingen losuu tʊmɩyɛ ɖɩlaɖɛ nɔɔ ɖɛyʊ ɛlɛ, ɛta lakɩ tʊmɩyɛ ɛzɩ lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩyʊ wɩlɩyʊ. Ɖɩcɔna nɛ ɖɩnaɣ kɔyɔ ɛtaasɔɔlɩ wɩlɩɣ tʊmɩyɛ kpoyi ɛlɛ, eseɣtaɣ e-sukuli piyaa sakɩyɛ nɛ halɩ pa-taa sakɩyɛ kɔɔ papɩsɩ lɛɣtʊ tɩlɩyaa siŋ kɔzɩ kɔzɩ Gotthold Eisenstein nɛ Bernhard Riemann. Gauss, palʊla-ɩ keeke Brunswich-Wolfenbüttel, kɛ kʊñɔŋ cejewiye naɖɩyɛ taa. E-doo kaakɛ kɩsɩŋɩlɩɣ nɛ ɛtapɩzɩɣ ɛɖɔkɩ ɛ-lʊlʊʊ evemiye. Ɛlɛ, ɛpɩza ɛtɔzɩ se palʊla-ɩ cɩla nakʊyʊ wiye, kɩyakɩŋ lutozo pʊcɔ patɔɔ Yeesu Krɩstʊ tɛ ɛsɔda kpaʊ kazandʊ ndʊ pɔtɔkɩ-tʊ Pasɩka wayi kɩyakʊ 40 ŋgʊ wiye yɔ.
 
Pɩnaɣ 1792 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ Brunswick cɔna nɛ ɛna se ɛwɛ lɔŋ piŋ mbʊ lɛ, ɛhayɩ liidiye kɩhɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ se pɩsɩna-ɩ nɛ ɛla e-sukuli. Kɛlɛ pɩha-ɩ ɖoŋ nɛ ɛɖɛɛ Carolo-Wilhelmina Brunswick lɛɣtʊ sukuli kɛtɛzʊʊ taa kɛ kpaɣ pɩnzɩ 1792 nɛ 1795 hɛkʊ taa. Peeɖe ɛkpɛlɛka nakaŋ yɔɔ kpɛlɛkɩtʊ sukuli. 

Pɩnaɣ 1804 taa kɛ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 12 alɩwaatʊ palɩza-ɩ se ɛkɛ Royal Society ŋgbɛyɛ taa ɛyʊ. Aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 9 pɩnaɣ 1805 taa ɛɖɔkɩ ɛ-tɛ kajalaɣ nesi ɖɔkʊ ɛ-nɛ ɛ-halʊ Johanna Osthoff. Mbʊ lɛ, ɛñɩnɩɣ ehiɣ nɛ ɛwɛ ɛ-tɩyɔɔ kɛlɛ pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1807 alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, pakpa-ɩ se ɛkɛ tɩyɩnzɩ yɔɔ kpɛlɛkʊʊ wɩlɩyʊ nɛ losuu tʊmɩyɛ ɖɩlaɖɛ ñʊʊ tʊ kɛ Göttingen tɛtʊ taa.  

Pʊkɔma pɩnaɣ pɩsɩ lɛ, ɛtasɩ halʊ kpaʊ nɛ ɛlɛ paya se Minna Waldeck (kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 4 pɩnaɣ 1810 alɩwaatʊ taa). Pɩnaɣ kʊyʊmaɣ ŋga ka-taa lɛ, ɛ-halʊ naalɛ tʊ sɩ. Ɛ-pɛlɔ Thèrèse kpaɣ mɩzaɣ yɔɔ sʊʊtʊ nɛ ɛcɔŋna ɛ-caa yɔɔ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛlɛ ñɩɩza kedeŋga yɔ. Pɩkɔma lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 23 pɩnaɣ 1855 taa lɛ, ɛsɩ Göttingen tɛtʊ taa kɛ Hanover kewiyaɣ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Pepimi-ɩ Albani sɩɖaa naŋ yɔɔ.
Carl von Linne

Carl Linnæus, pʊwayi ɛpɩsɩ sɔsɔ lɛ, Carl Von Linné, palʊla-ɩ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 23 pɩnaɣ 1707 Råshult nɛ ɛsɩ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 1778 Uppsala tɛtʊ taa, kedeŋga yɔɔ kɩlɩzɩm kpɛlɛkɩyʊ Sʋyɛdɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, ɛnʊ tɩna tɔmɩŋ hɩla pɩlɩtʊ nɛ wondu hɩla yaʊ laɣsɩ. Ɛmaɣzɩna Edward Coke matʊ ndʊ se Nomina si nescis, perit cognitio rerum pʊtɔbʊʊ se wondu naa tɩlɩyɛ leki yaa mʊkɩ pɩlɩna hɩla kaatɩlɩtʊ yɔɔ.  
 
Ɖooo kpaɣɖʊ 17 ŋkɔɔ ŋtalɩ 18 mbʊ yɔ, Suede ɛyaa sakɩyɛ fɛyɩna liɖe taa hɩɖɛ. Ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, Linné cɔzɔ, ɛzɩ sikandinave sɔnzɩ paɣtʊ pɔzʊʊ yɔ payaɣa-ɩ se Ingemar Bengtsson (pʊtɔbʊʊ se Ingemar, Benggt pɩyalʊ) nɛ ɛmaɣmaɣ ɛ-pɩɣa, Linné caa, paasɩma-ɩ kajalaɣ nɛ hɩɖɛ ɖɩ-nɛyɔ Nils Ingemarsson (pʊtɔbʊʊ se Nils Ingemar pɩyalʊ).

Ɛcaŋa ɖeu Sʋyɛdɩ wiyaʊ weyi samaɣ kaakɩlɩ-ɩ sɩm yɔ tɛ alɩwaatʊ Karl 12 (1682-1718), Nils ha wiyaʊ hɩɖɛ ɛ-pɩyalʊ ɛzɩ hɩɖɛ cikpeɖe yɔ, nɛ papazɩ-ɩ yaʊ mbʊ se Carl Linnæus. 

Carl caa, Nils Ingemarsson Linnaeus (1674-1748) kɛ fada cikpelu Luther cɔɔcɩ taa nɛ e-ɖoo Kristina Brodersonia (1688-1733) Stenbrohult Ɛsɔ kpaŋ tɛ pasɩtɔr pɛlɔ, Samuel Brodersonius. Nils wɛɛ ɛsɩna Pasɩtɔr tʊmɩyɛ kpaɣ ɖooo ɛzɩ ɛtalɩɣ Rashult pɩnaɣ 1705, ɛlɛ pɩkɔma pɩnaɣ 1709 lɛ, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ ɛ-ɛtɩ sɩba yɔ lɛ, ɛmaɣmaɣ ɛpɩsɩ pasɩtɔr kpaŋ ŋgʊ kɩ-taa kɛlɛ e-liɖe tuzi kɩtɩ pazɩ nɛ fada ɖɩsʊyɛ Stenbrohult, Möckeln kujomuu nɔɔ yɔɔ kpam.

Nils sɔɔlɩ tɩŋ kpem kɛlɛ ɛdɛzɩɣ sɔɔlɩm mbʊ ɛ-pɩyalʊ se pɩsa nɛ ɛcɔna ɛkaɖaɣ yɔɔ camɩyɛ mbʊ lɛ ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ kɩgbanzɩ yeke. Ɛlɛ ɛ-caa pasɩtɔr, ɛcɔzɔ ɖɔɖɔ pasɩtɔr mbʊ lɛ, Carl sɔɔlɩ ɖɔɖɔ se ɛtɩŋɩ pa-naŋgbanzɩ se ɛnʊ ɖɔɖɔ ɛɛkɔɔ ɛkɛ pasɩtɔr mbʊ. Kɛlɛ ɛlɩɩ ɛ-hɔʊ taa mbʊ lɛ, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 9, agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ pɩnaɣ 1716, se ɛsʊʊ Växjö sukuli taa pɩwɛ ɛzɩ kilomɛta naa 40 nɛ Stenbrohult tɛtʊ. Peeɖe ɖɔɖɔ ɛlaba hɛkʊ taa sukuli pɩnaɣ 1723 hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 11 nɛ ɛlɩɩ kɩ-taa kɛ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 6 pɩnaɣ 1727.

Mbʊ lɛ, pɩtɩŋna ɛ-tɛ wɩlɩyʊ kɩbɩnʊʊ lɔŋ tasɩɣ Växjö tʊ, ɖɔkɔtɔ tʊmɩyɛ niye mʊyʊ Johan Stensson Rothman yɔɔ lɛ, ɛma ɛ-hɩɖɛ Uppsala sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ taa kɛ salaŋ fenaɣ taa pɩnaɣ 1728, ɖenɖe ɛkpɛlɛka lɔŋ sakɩyɛ weyi ɛmʊna-ɩ yɔ. Ɛkpaɣ halʊ mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 26 pɩnaɣ 1739 nɛ pɛlɔ Sara Elisabeth Moræa (1716-1806), ɛlɛ ñɛkɛ Falun ɛyʊ. 

Ɛyaa mba yaa hɔʊ ŋgʊ kɩlʊlɩ piyaa lʊbɛ, halɩpiyaa kɩgbanzɩ nɛ abalɩpiyaa naalɛ. Carl (1741-1783), Elisabeth (1749-1839), Sara Christina (1743-1782), Sara Magdalena (1744, ɛlɛ ñasɩ ɛ-kɩyakɩŋ hiu nɛ kɩgbanzɩ taa) pʊtɔbʊʊ se ɛɛkɛ pɩɣa cɩɩɩ, Lovisa (1749-1839), Sara Christina (1751-1835), Johan (1754-1757) nɛ Sofia (1757-1830).
Caŋgayɩ

**Caŋgayɩ** kɛna Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ ndʊ tɩ-hɛkʊ taa ɛyaa kɩla ɖɔʊ yɔ. Payaʊ se caŋgayɩ yɔ, kabɩyɛ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, pʊtɔbʊʊ se « teŋu yɔɔ ». Pɩnaɣ 2012 taa paakalɩ ɛyaa lɛ, pɛkpɛnda ɛyaa ɛzɩ miliyɔɔnaa 18 500 000 nɛ tɩ-walanzɩ landammm taa wɛ ɛkɩtaarɩnaa 634 000 yaa kilomɛtanaa 6 340.

Caŋgayɩ wɛ lɩm pɔɔ nakayɩ cɔlɔ nɛ payaɣ-kɛ se Yaŋgɩ Jiyaŋgɩ nɛ pɔɔ ŋga ka-lɩm pɩyʊʊ siini teŋu ŋgʊ kɩwɛna wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ taa kiŋ yɔ kɩ-taa. Payaɣ Caŋgayɩ maalika yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ kɩfalʊ se Yang Xiong nɛ ɛ-takayaɣ taa mayʊ kɔyɔ Han Zheng.

Ɖooo pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ 19 nɛ 20 taa lɛ, Caŋgayɩ tɛtʊ tʊnɛ, ndʊ kaakɛŋna Azii Pasiifiki taa ɖenɖe tɔsʊʊ nɛ ɛsɩndaa wobu kaakɩlɩ wɛʊ yɔ. Pɩkɔma pɩtalɩ alɩwaatʊ ndʊ akɔma nabɛyɩ kɔma nɛ pawadɩ tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa lɛ, tɔsʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩpaɣzɩ pasʊ. Pɩnzɩ 1920 nɛ 1930 taa lɛ, tɛtʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kɛ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa kɛ ɛsakuliye kaakɩla wɛʊ camɩyɛ.
Charlemagne

Charlemagne latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, Carolus Magnus, yaa Charles kajalaɣ tʊ nɛ ɛsɛɛ hɩɖɛ se sɔsɔ, palʊla-ɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 2 pɩnaɣ 742 (yaa 747 yaa 748), ɛsɩ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 28 pɩnaɣ 814 kɛ Aix-la-Chapelle tɛtʊ taa. Ɛɛkɛ Franc waa tɛ wiyaʊ. Ɛkɛ Carolingien waa tɛ kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzaɣ tɛ ɛyʊ, ŋga ɛha hɩɖɛ yɔ. Ɛɛkɛ Franc waa tɛ wiyaʊ kpaɣ pɩnaɣ 768, ɛpɩsɩ Lombards waa tɛ wiyaʊ pɩtɩŋna yoŋ yɔɔ nɛ pape Léon 3 tʊ pamɩ-ɩ wiyaʊ sɔsɔ hulaɣ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 25 pɩnaɣ 800 alɩwaatʊ taa. Ɛ-caa kɛlɛ, Pépin Bref. 

Ɛkɛ wiyaʊ weyi ɛwaba yoŋ sakɩyɛ nɛ ɛ-walanzɩ ɛ-tɛ ɛjaɖɛ pɩlɩna ɛ-tɛ sɔɔjana wabɩtʊ yɔɔ kɔzɩkɔzɩ you ŋgʊ ewoba ɛ-nɛ Saxon ɛyaa mba petetisida Ɛsɔ yɔɔ yɔ. Pɩtɛ tɩ luuzuu mbʊ pɩcaɣ kaɖɛ nɛ pɩla ɖoŋ siŋ (pɩnaɣ 772 ŋtalɩ 804 alɩwaatʊ taa), ɖɔɖɔ ɛla you nɛ Lombard ɛyaa kɛ Itaalii ɛjaɖɛ taa nɛ Al-Andalus malɩŋ ɛyaa.

Ɛ-tɛ kpɛdɛɛ kpɛdɛɛ politiki tʊmɩyɛ taha alɩwaatʊ pɩɖalɩ ɛ-tɛ Ampiiri. Charlemagne kpaɣ lɩmaɣza pɩnaɣ 806 se ɛtayʊ Ampiiri tam naatozo kɛ e-piyaa mba pa-naatozo ɖɔɖɔ. Ŋdɔnjɔɔlaa la sakɩyɛ mbʊ yɔ nɛ ɛtɛ ɛ-taa nɛ ɛtayɩ Ampiiri hɔɔlɩŋ naatoza ɛzɔ ɛ-tɔm yɔ pɩnaɣ 843 alɩwaatʊ taa kɛ e-piyaa naatozo mba (Verdun nɩnaʊ takayaɣ).

Charlemagne kɛ, pɩtɩŋna papa Benoit 14 pʊtɔdɩyɛ naʊ yɔɔ kɛ katoliiki tʊ weyi ɛwɛ weewe yɔ nɛ pɔtɔkɩ ɛ-kazandʊ paa kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 28 pɩnzɩ tɩŋga. Cɔɔcɩɩ naa sakɩyɛ kɛ Fransɩɩ nɛ hayi kiŋ ɖʊ Charlemagne pɛ-tɛ alɩwaatʊ takayaɣ taa.
Charles 2 le Chauve

Charles 2 tʊ pɛɖɛyɩ-ɩ se ñʊʊ haza haza tʊ yaa ñʊʊ sakɩŋ tʊ, palʊla-ɩ mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 13 pɩnaɣ 823 kɛ Francfort-sur-le-Main tɛtʊ taa Caama ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛyʊ ɛsɩ aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 6 pɩnaɣ 877 Avrieux (Savoie). Ɛyʊ ɛnɛyɔ ɛɛkɛ Charlemagne sɛyɩ nɔyʊ mba pɛtɛyɩ Ampiiri pɩnaɣ 843 alɩwaatʊ taa yɔ. Ɛnʊ kɛnɛ Aquitaine wiyaʊ kpaɣ ɖooo ɛ-caa kewiyaɣ alɩwwatʊ Louis, Fransɩɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ hɔɔlʊʊ taa wiyaʊ pɩnzɩ 843 ŋtalɩ 877 nɛ papamɩ-ɩ kewiyaɣ hulaɣ sɔsɔ Wɩsɩ Ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa kiŋ pɩnaɣ 875.

Pɩnaɣ 867 tɛ paɣzɩyɛ alɩwaatʊ taa, Charles pɩsɩ ɛyaa kpeekpe tɛ fada kɛ Denis kiɖeɖeu taa. Agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 5 pɩnaɣ 877, kɩyakʊ ŋgʊ papa Jean 8 Maari Kiɖeɖeu Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ ŋgbɛyɛ tɩna nɖɩ ɖɩkaɣ kɛʊ Corneille Kiɖeɖeu fada kɛ Compiègne yɔ, ɛhʊ ɛ-ñʊʊ koloŋgolo se pɩwɩlɩ se etisa piŋ Ɛsɔ yɔɔ, ŋgʊ ɛyaa mba pɛ-tɛ lɛ, Ɛsɔ sɛtʊ kpaŋ taa lɛ, pɩfɛyɩ se wiyaʊ nɔyʊ ɛhʊ ɛ-ñʊʊ mbʊ, ɛlɛ eyeba tandʊʊ cɔm cɔm. 

Ɛkɛ wiyaʊ sɔsɔ Louis pɔtɔdɩyɛ nayʊ Ɛsɔ paɣtʊ yɔɔ ɖaŋɩyʊ piŋ pɩɣa ɛ-nɛ ɛ-halʊ kɩlɛlɩyʊ Judith Bavière ñɩnʊ, pakpa-ɩ nɛ pɛcɛlɛ tɔm wɩlɩyʊ sɔsɔ nɔyʊ Walafrid Strabon (808 cɔlɔ ŋtalɩ 809-849), ɛkɛ mʊwanɩ Reichenau mʊwanɩ waa kpaŋ taa kɛ Alémanie. Pɩnzɩ nakʊ wɛɛ taa Strabon ɖɔkɩ sukuli wɩlʊʊ evebupɩɣa kanɛyɔ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛɛwɛna lidau piŋ pɩɣa kɛnɛ kɔyɔ. 

Pɩnaɣ 837, Aix Ɛsɔ kuduyuu tɛ kedizaɣ ɖɩlaɖɛ wɛɛ, ɛ-caa kpeɣi-ɩ ajɛyɛ wena aañɔtɩna-wɛ nɛ awɛ Frise nɛ Seine taa yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 838, ɛmʊ ɛjaɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkpɛndɩna Maine nɛ egeetiye nɖɩ ɖɩɩwɛ Seine nɛ Loire pɛ-hɛkʊ taa yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 838 agoza fenaɣ kɩyakɩŋ 28 yaa 30, Worms kedizaɣ ɖeɖe, Louis pʊtɔdɩyɛ nayʊ cɛlɛ-ɩ Fransɩɩ wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ taa hɔɔlʊʊ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Meuse nɛ Seine pɛ-hɛkʊ taa yɔ, Bourgogne wɩsɩ ɖɩɖʊyɛ nɛ hadɛ yɔɔ kiŋ, Provence nɛ Neustrie nɛ Bretagne nɛ Aquitaine kewiyaɣ ɛjaɖɛ nɛ Gascogne nɛ Septimanie.  

Pɩnaɣ 840 alɩwaatʊ taa pa-caa Louis pɔtɔdɩyɛ nayʊ ɛnʊ ɛsɩba kpa lɛ, piyaa paɣzɩ youp a-taa pe-yeke. Charles kpɛndɩ ɛ-tɩ nɛ Germaniiki Louis, kɛlɛ paha ɛsɛ nɛ Lothaire 1 tʊ, pa-ɖalʊʊ sɔsɔ weyi ɛlɛ maɣzɩ se ɛtɛyɩna-wɛ Ampiiri. Ɛlɛ patɩŋa pɛkpɛdɩ pawa Fontenoy-en-Puisaye, Bourgogne you pɩnaɣ 841.

Pɩnaɣ 843 alɩwaatʊ taa kpa lɛ, kɔkɔɖɛ sʊʊ Charles ñʊʊ koloŋgolo tʊ nɛ Nominoë pɛ-hɛkʊ taa. Pɩnaɣ 845, Ballon you wɛɛ taa lɛ, Nominoë wa Charles ñʊʊ koloŋgolo tʊ. Nɩnaʊ takayaɣ kajalaɣ ŋga wɛ pɛ-hɛkʊ taa pɩnaɣ 846. Nominoë pɩsɩ Bretgne wiyaʊ. Pɛ-hɛkʊ taa you ɖanɩɣ paɣzɩ pɩnaɣ 849 lɛ, Bretgne ɛyaa tɩ ɖɔm pɔyɔɔ nɛ kɩkpaɣ Rennes nɛ Nantes tɛtʊ. Kɩyɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 22 pɩnaɣ 851 taa lɛ, Erispoë wa Charles ɖɔɖɔ Jengland you ɖeɖe.
Charles Darwin

Palʋla Charles Darwin lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 12 n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1809 taa Shrewsbury tɛtʋ taa Aŋglɩtɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛsɩba ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ 19 n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1882 taa Downe tɛtʋ taa, Aŋgiletɛɛrɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. 

Darwin kɛ Britaniiki tʋ. Ɛlaba wezuu lɛɣtʋ (Biologie) yɔ. Payaɣ ɛ-halʋ se Emma Wedgwood. Ɛ-pɩɣa hɩɖɛ lɛ George Darwin. E-koou kɛlɛ Francis Galton. Payaɣ ɛ-caa se Robert Darwin. E-ɖoo hɩɖɛ lɛ Susannah Wedgwood. Ɛ-cɔzɔ payaɣ se Erasmus Darwin. 

## Ɛ-takayɛsɩ
Darwin ma takayɩsɩ nzɩ yɔ, sɩ-taa nasɩyɛ kɔyɔ :
* *De l'origine des espèces* (1859)
* *La Filiation de l'homme et la sélection liée au sexe* (1871)
* *L'expression des émotions chez l'homme et les animaux* (1872)
Charles Dickens

Charles John Huffam Dickens kɛ Hampshire tɛtʋ taa tʋ. Hampshire tɛtʋ wɛ 'Grande Bretagne' ɛjaɖɛ nɛ pɩ-tɛɛ kiŋ. Tɩwɛ tɛtʋ ndʋ lɩm cɔ-tʋ nɛ pɩta nɛ payaɣ-tʋ se Wight yɔ, tɩ-ɛsɩndaa.

Palʋla ɖajaa Charles John Huffam Dickens lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʋ lʋbɛ (7) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1812 n̄ɩŋga taa.

Palʋla-ɩ Landport egeetiye taa. Landport egeetiye ñɩtɩna kpam Portsmouth ñɩnɖɛ.

Ɛsɩba mɩsɩkʋm fenaɣ kɩyakʋ nakʋ (9) n̄ɩŋgʋ wiye, pɩnaɣ 1870 n̄ɩŋga taa. Gad's Hill Place tɛtʋ taa ɛsɩba. Ɛsɩkaɣ lɛ, ɛɛwɛna pɩnzɩ hiŋ kagbaanzɩ nɛ lutozo (58).
  
Ɖajaa Charles Dickens kɛ takayɩsɩ mayʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ siŋŋ. Ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ n̄ɩnɩyʋ sɔsɔ nɔɔyʋ.

Pazɩ nɛ pɩcɔ paɖʋʋ ɛ-caa John Dickens kɛ salaka size ɛwɛna kɩmɩyɛ kɛ Marshalsea lɛ, pamʋyɩ tʋmɩyɛ kɛ Warren. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa lɛ, e-ɖoo Elizabeth Dickens cɔŋaɣna ɛ-yɔɔ. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa ɛkɛwɛnɩ pɩnzɩ hiu nɛ naalɛ (12).

Pamʋ-ɩ tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ yɔ, nɖɩ lɛ size ɛtaɣɖɩɣ wondu kɩpɛdɩtʋ yɔɔ paa wonuu ŋgʋ lɛ ki-liidiye. Pɩnaɣ kʋɖʋma ɛlaba ɛ-tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ. Pɩnzɩ naadozo wayɩ lɛ, ɛɖaɣnɩ tazʋʋ sukuli labʋ. Ɖajaa John Huffam Dickens ma takayasɩ sakɩyɛ.
 

 
Eluba kizimasɩ hendu ndɩ ndɩ pɩnaɣ 1843 n̄ɩŋga taa. Takayasɩ mayaa sɔsɔ sakɩyɛ sama-ɩ siŋŋ. Pa-taa nabɛyɛ hɩla kɔ yɔ : Ɖajaa William Makepeace Thackeray nɛ Ɖajaa Léon Tolstoï nɛ Ɖajaa G. K. Chesterton yaa Ɖajaa George Orwell.
Charles de Gaulle

Charles de Gaulle sakɩyɛ taa lɛ, paya-ɩ se sɔdʊʊ Gaulle, palʊla-ɩ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 22 pɩnaɣ 1890 alɩwaatʊ taa kɛ Lille tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛsɩ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 9 ŋgʊ wiye kɛ pɩnaɣ 1970 taa kɛ Colombey Chɔɔcɩ naa naalɛ tɛtʊ taa. Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛɛkɛ sɔɔja ɖoŋ tʊ nɔyʊ, ɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊ tʊ nɛ takayasɩ mayʊ nɔyʊ ɖɔɖɔ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa.  

Ɛɛkɛ Fransɩɩ mɛwɛ mantɩ yɔɔ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊ tʊ nɛ ɖɔɖɔ Fransɩɩ ŋgbɛyɛ ndɩ ɖɩlʊba nɛ ɛjaɖɛ hiɣ hɛzɩyɛ yɔɔ tɛ nɔɔ yɔɔ ɖɛyʊ kpaɣ kedeŋga kpeekpe you sɔsɔʊ alɩwaatʊ taa. Pasɩ-ɩ alɩwaatʊ pazɩ yem kɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ komina nɔɔ yɔɔ kɛ pɩnzɩ 1944 ŋtalɩ 1946 wɛɛ taa, ɛkɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ tɛ lɩm ɖʊyaa lɔŋ tasɩyaa tɛ ñʊʊ tʊ pɩnzɩ 1958 ŋtalɩ 1959 alɩwaatʊ taa. Ɛnʊ tɩna ɛjaɖɛ 5 nɖɛ kiɖe pɩnaɣ 1958. Ɛkɛ Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ ñʊʊ tʊ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 8 pɩnaɣ 1959 ŋtalɩ ɖomaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 28 pɩnaɣ 1969.
 
De Gaulle pɩsa kewiyaɣ kpelaɣ yɔɔ agoza fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 13 pɩnaɣ 1958 taa ñɔɔsɩ kʊñɔŋ alɩwaatʊ taa, alɩwaatʊ ndʊ tɩ-taa kɛ palakaɣ you nɛ Alizeerii ɛjaɖɛ. Henri de Gaulle lʊlɩna Charles de Gaulle (pɩnaɣ 1848-1932) nɛ e-ɖoo kɔyɔ Jeanne Maillot (1860-1940). Ɛkɛ Julien-Philippe de Gaulle sɛyɩ, ɛkɛ tɔm kɛdɩyʊ sɔsɔ nɔyʊ Paarii tɛtʊ taa, nɛ tʊma sɔsɔna tʊ ñʊʊ tʊ nɔyʊ kɛ Hayi yɔɔ ɛjɛyɛ taa kiŋ. Pasɩma-ɩ nɛ e-liɖe taa tʊma naayɛ yɔɔ, katoliki paɣtʊ yɔɔ ɖɔnʊ, ɛsɔɔlɩ sukuli labʊ nɛ kewiyaɣ taa tʊma labʊ (waɖɛ, taba tʊma yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ yaa sɔɔjɛtʊ tʊma yɔɔ cɔnɩyʊ).
 
Palʊlɩ piya naatozo. Sɔdʊʊ ekpele naa naalɛ kɛ ñɩnɩya mba pasɩma lɔŋ piŋ yɔ. Kajalaɣ tʊ Charles, akpele, weyi canɩɩ canɩɩ kʊdɔŋ caazɩ-ɩ kɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ yɔɔ kpɛlɛkɩyʊ nɛ tɩnʊʊ kɔyɔ Jules, ɛlɛ kpɛlɛka tɛtɛ ñɩtʊ yɔɔ tʊmɩyɛ. Henri sɔdʊʊ pɩyalʊ kɛlɛ, palʊla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1848 kɛ kamɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 22. Pʊkɔma ɛzɩ ɛwɛna pɩnzɩ 30 ɛkpaɣ halʊ ɛnʊ payaɣ se Jeanne Maillot, e-ɖoo ɖɛtʊ lɛ mbʊ yɔ.
Charles de Foucauld

Palʊla **Charles Eugène de Foucauld de Pontbriand** kɛ salaŋ fenaɣ 1858 kɛ fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa kɛ ɖoŋiye nɖɩ payaɣ-ɖɩ se Strasbourg yɔ nɛ ɛsɩ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kacalaɣ wiye pɩnaɣ 1916 kɛ Alizeerii ɛjaɖɛ taa ɖenɖe payaɣ se Sahara Kañɩnbʊsaɣ yɔ. 

Ɛɛkɛna Fransɩɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa sɔɔja sɔsɔ nɔɔyʊ nɛ pɩwayɩ lɛ eyele sɔɔjɛtʊ ndʊ nɛ ɛpɩsɩ keteŋa yɔ kilimiyʊ yem nɛ ɛnɩnɩɣ keteŋa yɔɔ ndʊ tɩlakɩ lakɩntaa yaa tɛtʊ yɔɔ yɔ. Pɩtasɩɩna mbʊ yeke; ɛɛkɛ ɖɔɖɔ ɛsɔ sɛyʊ weyi ɛkaza ɛ-tɩ kɩjaʊ eyeke nɛ ɛtɩmʊ wɩsɩ nɛ ɖoo yɔ nɛ kʊnʊmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ ñɩnɩyʊ. 

Ɛsɩba saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ kacalaɣ wiye pɩnaɣ 1916 kɛ Alizeerii ɛjaɖɛ taa ɖenɖe payaɣ se Sahara yɔ nɛ kamɩŋ fenaɣ 13 pɩnaɣ 2005 kɛ Papa kpa-ɩ kiɖeɖeu. Mbʊ pasɩŋna-ɩ nɛ ɛ-kɩlɛmʊʊ yɔ lɛ toko yuulee ŋgʊ esuu yɔ nɛ toko ŋgʊ pɛñɛyɩ kɩ-yɔɔ kɛ Yesu laŋɩyɛ kiɖeɖeu kɛ kɩ-laŋgɩyɛ taa; ɛtaŋ e-toko ŋgʊ kɩtɩnaɣ taa kɛ tɔnɛ tambaɖɛ nɛ ɖɩ-yɔɔ nɛ Maria kiɖeɖeu lɩyʊʊ. 

Pɩnaɣ 1886 taa, Charles woba Pari tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛla kuduyuu nakʊyʊ kɛ haya. Kuduyuu ŋgʊ kɛwɛ ɛ-ɖɛtʊ Maria Bondy ɖɩɣa cɔlɔ spam. Ɛsɔɔla takayasɩ ndɩ ndɩ kalɩɣ nɛ koraŋɖɔɖɔ. Ɛwɛ peeɖe mbʊ lɛ, ɛ-ɖɛtʊ ɛnʊ ɛha-ɩ Bossuet takayaɣ nakayɩ. Ka-taa kɛ ɛkalaa nɛ e-wezu caɣ lɛɛzɩ nɛ eyele yɛɖɛ yɛɖɛ labʊ. Ɛwɛʊ Maarɔkɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa yɔ, e-wezuu caɣ lɛɣza, mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛcɔna ɛzɩma makɩŋ kpakɩɣ pa-tɩ nɛ pɛcɛlɩɣ Ala nɛ wɩsɩ nɛ ɖoo pɛwɛ ciŋgilinaa taa yɔ, pɩlaba-ɩ tʊmɩyɛ. Pɩɩkɔma alɩwaatʊ natʊyʊ lɛ, e-tisim wɛɛ nɛ pitiki nɛ pitiki. 

Ɛlɛ e-ɖɛtʊ Maria wɛɛ nɛ ɛcɛyʊ se ɛɖɔkɩ kpam. Mbʊ pɩlaba ɖɔɖɔ. Pɩkɔma lɛ ɛpaɣzɩ cɔɔcɩ wobu kɛ kpaaŋ nakʊyʊ taa, Augustin kiɖeɖeu taa, nɛ peeɖe lɛ, Abbé Huvelin lizaɣna mɩsa tɛ kilau. Aloma fenaɣ 30 pɩnaɣ 1886 lɛ, Foucauld ɖʊ ɛ-ñʊʊtaa se ɛkatɩ Huvelin. Pɩla mbʊ nɛ ɛna-ɩ pɔyɔɔtɩtʊ taa lɛ, Foucauld heyi-ɩ se ɛsɔɔla se ɛpɩsɩ ɛ-laŋniyɛ. Peeɖe ɛlɛ se pɩwɛ se eheyi ɛ-kɩwɛɛkɩm taa pʊcɔ. Ɛla mbʊ ɖɔɖɔ nɛ ɛmʊ Yesu tomnaɣ nɛ ɛ-calɩm. Kpaagba mbʊ lɛ e-tisu tɛzɩ ɖoŋ kpaʊ. Fenasɩ hiu nɛ litoozo wayɩ lɛ, ɛsɔɔlɩ se ɛsʊʊ fadanaa sukuli taa ɛlɛ ɛmaɣmaɣ se ɛtamʊna se elizi kɩlaʊ keleiizaɣ mbʊ pʊyɔɔ yɔ ɛkɛ kɩwɛɛkɩm laɖʊ.

Kɩyɛna fenaɣ 19 pɩnaɣ 1888 taa kɛ ewoba trappe cistercienne de Fontgombault nɛ peeɖe muwaaninaa fezu caɣʊ kɛtɩna-ɩ sɩŋŋŋ nɛ ɛhɔzɩ ɛ-sɔɔjatʊ wondu ɛsɩɩ nɛ ɛpɩsɩ ɛsɔ lɩm ɖʊyʊ. Pɩnaɣ ŋga kataa Henry Huvelin sɔzɩ-ɩ lɔŋ se ewolo kpalaʊ kiɖeɖeu ɖonɛ kɛ Rom nɛ ɛla fenasɩ 4. Ɛla mbʊ nɛ saŋayɩŋ fenaɣ 15 lɛ ɛtalɩ Yerusalɛm, ewolo Nazarɛtɩ kɔlaɣ fenaɣ 10 pɩnaɣ 1889. Pɩla mbʊ nɛ ɛwɛɛ ɛkalɩɣ takayasɩ kiɖeɖesi ɛzɩ Thérèse d-Avila ñɩnzɩ yɔ; sɩ-taa tɔm nɛ evaŋilimnaa tɛzɩna e-tisim kpazɩɣ ɖoŋ nɛ ɛkpaɣ lɩmazɩyɛ se ɛsʊ Trappe de Notre-Dame des Neiges.
Charles Quint

Charles Habsbourg ɛsɛ hɩɖɛ se Charles Quint, palʊla-ɩ lɛlaɣ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 24 pɩnaɣ 1500 Gand tɛtʊ taa Pɛlɩzɩkɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa. Ɛsɩ salaŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 21 pɩnaɣ 1558 Yuste (Ɛsɩpaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa) kɛ mʊwanɩ waa, ɛkɛ wiyaʊ pɩɣa Habsbourg ɖɩɣa taa. Ɛ-caa payaɣ se Philippe le Beau, e-ɖoo kɔyɔ Jeanne la Folle.

Ɛyʊ ɛnʊ ɛkɛ kewiyaɣ kɩɖɛzasɩ naanza tʊ. Charles Téméraire tʊ sɛyɩ kɛlɛ, Otirisi Maximilien pɩɣa cikpeɣlaɣ, Isabelle katoliki tʊ, Castille tɛ abiɖe nɛ Ferdinand Aragon wiyaʊ nɛ Naples wiyaʊ ɛkɩlɩ wiyaʊ pɩɣa yuŋ Bourgogne tɛtʊ taa Charles 2 tʊ hɩɖɛ taa, ɛlɛ kɛnɛ Ɛsɩpaañɩ wiyaʊ pɩtɩŋna Charles kajalaɣ tʊ yɔɔ. Quint tɔbʊʊ se kɩgbaanzɩ tʊ.

Pɩtɩŋna ɛ-tɛ lʊbɩyɛ kaɖɛ nɖɛ nɛ ɖoŋ nɛ ɛ-tɛ tɔlʊʊ Fransɩɩ ɛsɩnda nɛ Luther ɛyaa ɛsɩnda yɔɔ lɛ, elesi wobu yɔɔ wobu yɔɔ kɛ e-kewiyutu ɖoŋ. Pɩtɩŋna nɩnaʊ lɩmaɣza naayɛ yɔɔ ɛ-nɛ ɛ-ɖalʊ Ferdinand lɛ, eyebina-ɩ Otrisi ñɩm nɔnɔsɩ tɩŋga. Aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 25 pɩnaɣ 1555, kɛ Prukisɛɛlɩ tɛtʊ taa ekiziɣ ɛ-paɣtʊ Peyibaa ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ, kɩkpɛndɩ nɛ pasɩm-kʊ kewiyaɣ paɣtʊ takayasɩ taa se kɩtatasɩ kɩwɛ Ampiiri Kiɖeɖeu taa pɩtɩŋna ɛ-pɩyalʊ Philippe yɔɔ. Eyebina-ɩ e-ɖoŋ tɩŋga Ɛsɩpañɩ ɛjaɖɛ yɔɔ pɩnaɣ 1556 alɩwaatʊ taa nɛ pɩatsɩ pazɩ lɛ, ɛñɔtɩna ɛ-sɩm kpam lɛ, ɛlɩzɩ e-nesi Bourgogne tɛtʊ yɔɔ. 

Palʊlɩ-ɩ alɩwaatʊ taa lɛ, nabʊyʊ taawɩlɩɣ se wiyaʊ pɩɣa ŋga kɩlɩɣ ɖoŋ kpaɣɖʊ 16 taa. Ɛ-caa Philippe kaakɛ evebupɩɣa yem nɛ ɛnʊ tɔkaɣna ɛ-caa ñɩm pʊtɔbʊʊ se peyebina-ɩ, ɛ-caa ɛnʊ yɔ Maximilien. E-ɖoo Jeanne la Folle wiyaʊ pɩɣa yem Ɛsɩpaañɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa, ɛwɛna kou nɔyʊ Miguel Paz tʊ.

Pɩlaba pɩnzɩ cabɩ pɩtɩŋga pɩlakɩ camɩyɛ yem. Katoliki Isabelle sɩ pɩnaɣ 1504, eyebina Jeanne abitu kɛ Castille tɛtʊ taa. Pɩnzɩ naalɛ wayi lɛ, Philippe ɖɛɛ ewolo Ɛsɩpañɔlɩ nɛ ɛ-halʊ yebina-ɩ ɛ-ñɩm, ɛnʊ ɖɔɖɔ sɩ. Charles pɩsɩ Bourgogne ñɩm tʊ, pʊtɔbʊʊ se wiyaʊ sɔsɔ Peeyiba nɛ Franche Comté. Ɛsɩma piŋ nɛ ɛtɩlɩ midinaʊ nɛ ɛjɔzɔ Ferdinand 2 Aragon wiyaʊ se ɛlɛɣzɩ ɛ-sɩm wayi. Ɛlɛ ñɔtɩna ɛ-sɩm ɛlɛɣʊ kewiyaɣ ɖoŋ ɛ-pɛlɛ cɔlɔ se ɛpɩzɩɣ ɛɖɔkɩ kpelaɣ nɛ ɛcɛlɛ Bourgogne evebu ɛnɛyɔ.
Cibuuti

**Cibuuti** kɛna Afrika hayʊ kiŋ nɛ wɩsɩ ɖɩlɩyɛ pazɩ taa ɛjaɖɛ naɖɩyɛ. Cibuuti ɛjaɖɛ wɛ Lɩŋamʋʋ Kɩsɛɛmʋʋ nɔɔ kpɛɛɛ. Kɩnɛ ajɛya anɛ asɩ pasɩna ɖama kamaɣ: Soomaali, Etiyoopii, Eeriitiree nɛ Yeemɛɛnɩ. Cibuuti kɛ ɖɔɖɔ peeɖe tɛtʊ sɔsɔtʊ.
  
Mɩsɩ kʊm fenaɣ naanza pɩnaɣ 1859 kɛ pakʊ sɔdɩɣʊ sɔsɔʊ nakʊyʊ, Henri Lambert, kɛ Taajuraa pɔɔ nɔɔ. Pɩlabɩ mbʊ lɛ, sɔɔjanaa tɩ kʊyʊ nɛ panɛ pɔ-nɔɔ ɖɛyʊ kɔmandaŋ Alphonse Fleuriot de Langle pañaɣ pana nɛ pakpa mbamba pakʊyɩ-ɩ mbʊ yɔ. Pɩwayɩ lɛ, powona-wɛ nɛ paɖʊzɩ Tuurkii sɔsaa nesi tɛɛ nɛ kɔmandaŋ ɛnʊ etiina tɔm ndʊ kɛlɛʊ yem Paarii.  

Pɩnzɩ cabɩ wayɩ lɛ,Taajuraa wiyaʋ tiyina e-lone taa caɣyʊ Diny Ahmed Aboubekr nɛ Napoléon naatozo ñɩnʊ, Édouard Thouvenel, pañɩɣ takayaɣ nakayɛ taa nesi se pawɩlɩ taabalɩyɛ nɖɩ pɩwɛɛ se ɖɩwɛɛ ajɛya ana anaalɛ a-hɛkʊ taa yɔɔ. Pɩɩkɛlakɩŋ fenaɣ 11 wiye pɩnaɣ 1862. Taabalɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖiyebina nɛ Fransɩ pɩzɩ kɩya tɛtʊ ndʊ payaɣ se Obɔkɩ yɔ nɛ tɩwɛ Raasɩ-Biir cɔlɔ yɔ. Peeɖe kɛ mɛlɛnaa nɛ kpɩyɩŋ papɩzɩɣ pasɩŋgɩ. Fransɩɩ yabɩ ɖɔɖɔ kataŋga ŋga kɛwɛ Raasɩ-Ali pɩwolo pɩsɩɩna Raasɩ-Dʊmeyira nɛ hayʊ kiŋ yɔ. Pɩtɩŋa mbʊyɔ liidiya kutokiŋ Marie-Thérèse tɛ taalɛɛsɩwaa 10 000 mbʊ yɔ. 
 
Ɛlɛ ɖooo pɩnaɣ 1884 kɛ Fransi paazɩ hɔɔlɩŋ ɛnʊyɔ kpacayɩɣ; pɩɩkɛna alɩwaatʊ ndʊ kɔmandaŋ Léonce Lagarde talaa yɔ nɛ pɩɩkɛna kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kacalaɣ ŋgʊ wiye. Pɩɩpɩ-wɛ ɖinɖe pɛhɛzɩ yɔ mbʊ pʊ-yɔɔ yɔ, palɩɩwaɣ nɛ ɖooo Madagasɩkarɩ nɛ Indoosiini.

Mbʊ yebina nɛ Léonce Lagarde wɛɛ nɛ ɛmʊʊ tɛtʊ hɛɛɛ hɛɛɛ nɛ pɩtalɩ ɖooo Obɔkɩ nɛ pɩkɔɔ pɩtalɩ Taajuraa yɔ kpaɣ aloma fenaɣ ne mɩnzɛma fenaɣ taa. Paa nɛ pañɩɣ takayasɩ taa nesi kɔlaɣ fenaɣ 1885 kɔ yɔ, pɩkɔɔma pɩtalɩ lakɩŋ fenaɣ 26 pina kʊɖʊmaɣ ŋga ka-taa  mbʊ yɔ lɛ, Koobalɩ sɔsɔ nɛ Isa naa nɔsɩ yɔɔ ɖɛya kpaɣ hadɛ kiŋ hɔɔlɩɣ tɩŋga nɛ paɖʊzɩ Fransɩɩ nesi tɛɛ. Pɩkɔɔma kɔlaɣ fenaɣ 2 nɛ 9 pɩnaɣ 1888 lɛ, Krandɩ-Biretaañɩ paɣ Fransɩɩ mba mba nɛ patatasɩ mʊʊ tɛtʊ nɛ pɩɖɛɣna ɛsɩndaa. Pɩnaɣ kʊɖʊmaɣ ŋga pama Cibuuti kidiiliŋ pɔɔ nɛ kɩpɩsɩ ɖɔɖɔ Fransɩɩ mba tɛ kidiiliŋ ŋgʊ kɩwɛ Soomalii yɔ pɩnaɣ 1896. Cibuuti taa ɛyaa kpɛndɩ kutkiŋ 5 000 nɛ kɩ-ñʊʊtʊ payaɣ se Bourhan Bey, ñʊʊtʊ kɩpɩnʊ Zeila, Abu Bakr Ibrahim pɩyalʊ.
Ciyam

Ɛyʊ wɛ tɔm nabudozo taa. Tomnaɣ wɛɛ, ciyam wɛɛ nɛ fezuu n̄ɛwɛɛ ɖɔɖɔ. Fezuu haɣna tomnaɣ wezuu. Fezuu lɩɣ ɛyʊ taa lɛ, e-tomnaɣ sɩ nɛ kaɖazɩ. Piyele e-ciyam yaa ɛ-kalɩzaɣ n̄alɩɩ nɛ kapɩsɩ ka-mayʊ cɔlɔ. Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se ciyam yaa kalɩzaɣ ɛɛsɩkɩ. Yee ḿbʊ, ciyam	yaa kalɩzaɣ kɛŋna ɛyʊ keem.
Ndʊ kʊnʊmɩŋ ndɩ ndɩ  n̄ɩnɩyaa n̄ɔsɔzaa yɔ
Pɔyɔɔdɩ se ɖooo kiɖe tɛɛ lɛ, tɔmpiye « âme » lɩna Ebiree kʊnʊŋ taa. Payaɣ-ɖɩ nɛ Ebiree taa se « nèphèsh » nɛ caanaʊ Kɩrɛɛkɩ taa se «: psukhê », pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se wezuu.  Pɔyɔɔdɩ kʊ-tɔm Takayaɣ Kiɖeɖeɣ taa.  Pɩwɩlɩɣ se Ciyam yaa kalɩzaɣ kɛŋna ɛyʊ keem .  Paapɩɩla ɛzɩma yɔ, tɔmpiye « « nèphèsh » lɩna yɔmpiye nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɔbʊʊ kɔyɔ se «Fezuu » yɔ ɖɩ-cɔlɔ. Latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ taa lɛ, tɔmpiye  « âme » lɩna tɔmpiye «anima» cɔlɔ ? Pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se mbʊ pɩha wezuu yɔ. Ɖooo caanaʊ taa papaɣzɩ maɣzʊʊ tɔmpiye « âme », ciyam yɔɔ. Lɔndɩnaa sɔsaa pana, Ɖajaa Platon nɛ Ɖajaa Aristote pɔyɔɔdɩ «ciyam» tɔm pa-takayɩsɩ sɔsɔsɩ nasɩyɛ taa.
Claude Debussy

Claude Debussy kɛ Fransɩɩ hendu luɖuu yaa hendu lɩzɩyʊʊ. Palʊla-ɩ pɩnaɣ 1862 taa kɩyɛɛna fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 22 Saint-Germain-en-Laye tɛtʊ taa nɛ ɛsɩ pɩnaɣ 1918 taa lakɩŋ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 25 Paari tɛtʊ taa. Wɩsɩ nɛ wɩsɩ ɛsɩwaɣ pɩnaɣ 1894 taa kɛ kajalaɣ minziki kɩfalʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ lɛ, Debussy caŋ ɛñɩɣ niiye kpaagba ɛtʊmɩyɛ yɔɔ ɛsɩnda miziki ɖoŋ. Tobi taa lɛ, ɛkɛ Wagner ɛgbaɣdʊ pɩnaɣ 1889 alɩwaatʊ taa nɛ pʊwayi lɛ, ɛkɛ kʊɖʊɖʊm kaɖɩnaʊ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ tʊ e-fezuu caɣʊ tɩŋga taa, nɛ ekizi ñɩlɩ ñɩlɩ cɔlʊtʊ lɩmaɣza tɩŋɛ payi.
  

Piyano kaakɛnɩ ɛ-tʊma taa kajalaɣ tʊmɩyɛ (ŋgʊ kɩkɩlɩ ɖɔʊ Fransɩɩ minziki taa nɛ Gabriel Fauré ñɩŋgʊʊ taa) nɛ ɛlakɩ tʊmɩyɛ nɛ tayʊʊ kitiluu nakʊyʊ ŋgʊ kiseɣtuu ɛyʊ siŋ yɔ. Claude Debussy kɛnɛ minziki ŋgʊ kɩhɛzɩɣ ɛyʊ laŋɩyɛ nɛ helim kɩbam yɔ pɩ-lɩzɩyʊ. Kɩwɛtʊ caɣ ɖeu pɩtɩfɛyɩ miziki hɔɔlʊʊ taa siŋ. André Boucourechliev cɔlɔ lɛ, ɛnʊ kaanɩ kɛʊ kpaɣɖʊ 20 wɛɛ taa miziki kɩlʊʊ keeke.

Ɛ-caa Manuel-Achille, ɛɛkɛ sɔɔja kɩbɩnʊ nɛ e-ɖoo Victorine Manuory, patɩŋa paakɛ cʊŋ ɖeɣsi pɛdɩyaa. Fenasɩ hiu nɛ kʊyʊmaɣ wayɩ lɛ, hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 23 pɩnaɣ 1860 taa, palʊlɩ ɛ-kɔɔ Adèle loniye kʊyʊmɖɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-taa. Pɔsɔ Claude Ɛsɔ tɛ lɩm hasɩyaɖɛ fenaɣ 31 pɩnaɣ 1864 taa kɛ Saint-Germain Ɛsɔ kpaŋ taa nɛ ɛ-tɛ kpaŋgbamɩŋ kɔyɔ kozaɣ tʊmɩyɛ laɖʊ ɛnɛyɔ Achille Arosa nɛ halʊʊ ñɩnʊ yɔ ɛ-caa neŋ Clémentine Debussy.  

Debussy labɩ pɩnzɩ hiu kɛ Paari nesi tɛɛ ñɩlɩ ñɩlɩ tʊma ɖɩlaɖɛ. Ɛsʊ pɩta nɛ ɛla pɩnaɣ lɛ, Ambroise Thomas kaakɛnɩ sukuli ñʊʊ tʊ. Powona-ɩ pama ɛ-hɩɖɛ piyano ɖaŋ taa Antoine Marmontel, aloma fenaɣ kɩyakʊ 25 pɩnaɣ 1872 nɛ pʊkɔma kamɩŋ fenaɣ taa lɛ powona-ɩ henduu ɖɩ-kpɛlɛkɩyɛ ɖaŋ taa kɛ Albert Lavignac cɔlɔ. Ɛyaa tɩŋa tɔŋ se ɛɛkɛ pɩɣa kpansʊyʊ nɛ paa ɖoye lɛ, ɛcakɩ wayi kɛ sukuli. Pɩla mbʊ lɛ, e-ɖoo kpɛyɩ nɛ ɛsa laɣsɩ nzɩ sɩ-yɔɔ. Ɛlɛ, pɩtɛ lɛɛzɩ pʊyʊ pʊɖɔ. Kɔyɔ ɛ-tɛ wɩlɩyaa ñɔtɔŋ se ɛɛkɛ pɩɣa ŋga kɛwɛ ñʊʊ taa lɔŋ yɔ nɛ kɛcɛyɩɣ katɩ yɔ. 

Henduu natʊyʊ Debussy teɣa kɔla fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 1873 alɩwaatʊ Marmontel tɛ, Alphonse Duverrnoy koo ɛ-nɔɔ taa se tɩwɛ ɖeu piŋ. Marmontel ñɔsɔzɩ pɩyɔɔ pɩsɩŋa pɩnaɣ lɛ, tɔm natʊyʊ ɖɩhʊyɛ se pɩɣa kɩbaŋa, camɩyɛ henduu teyu kɩbanʊ, ɛkaɣ kɛʊ henduu lɩzɩyʊ siŋ, lidaʊ wɛ e-fezuu kɩyakɩŋ kɩkɔmɩŋ taa. Ɛlɛ, ɛ-sukuli ɖaŋ taa lɛ, pahʊna-ɩ se ɛlaɣsɩ yaa ɛ-yɔɔdaɣ ɛyaa ɛsɩnda tacaɣ kpoyi. Ɛcɛɣ ɛ-tɩ nɛ ɛñɔɔzɩ nɛ Marmontel ma mɩsɩkʊm fenaɣ pɩnaɣ 1874 taa se pɩwɛ ɖeu, ñɛ-tɛ kalɩtʊ taa nɛ tɔm yaʊ matʊ taa nɛ nɔ-yɔɔdaɣ taa.