James Cook

**Captain James Cook** (katuk a̱tuyring 7 hywan swak bu̱ yring durya cci kop jring cci a̰tuyring bu swak nhwa bu a̱nunai sunat 1728[a] – katuk swak bu a̰naai 14 hywan hwa duyra cci kop jring cci a̰tuyring bu swak a̰tuyring bu a̰kumbvuyring 1779). A̱ yin yet a̱gbodang soja ba̱shekkwot a̱nyyi Britan bu̱ a̱gyugyak na̱bvwa bu̱ a̱wwang a̱kpa ta̱twang na̱bvwa ka̱yat ka̱sa. Nu a̱ yin yet a̱kwak a̱son u̱ ka̵̱ccet a̱gyugyak na̱bvwa ka̱sa a̱ni nkrang ka̱tat na̱n yyi na a̱ yin shyi an kyei ba̱shekkwot Pacific bu̱ Southern Oceans nyai duyra cci kop jring cci a̰tuyring bu swak a̱kuta bu a̰nunai 1768 su nat duyra cci kop jring cci a̰tuyring bu swak a̰tuyring bu a̰kumbvuyring 1779. A̱ yin tyak ka̱tsutsrang krang ka̱byen a̱katyi ba̱shekkwot a̱n yyi na̱byen New Zealand, wwon a̱ yet a̱kwak a̱son a̱n yyi ka̱tsutsrang nat ka̱byen Australia bu̱ na̱byen a̱katyi ba̱shekkwot a̱n yyi Hawaii.

Ba yin byin James Cook ka̱tuk a̰tuyrinġ 7 an hywan swak bu̱ a̱yring u̱ durya cci kop jring cci a̰tuyring   bu swak nhwa bu a̰nunai 1728[a] ka̱ ya u̱ ka̱ba̱nkrang Marton, a̱za̱gbang ka̱za Riding a̱n yyi Yorkshire, ciccrak ka̱ccet 
mile a̱nunai ni. (karuk swak atatud 13 km) nyai a agba̱dang nkyei ba̱shekkwot a.[2] Nu̱ a̱ yin yet a̱mba̱hwa u̱ na̱won a̱nunai a̱n yyi James Cook, a̱ yin yet a̱pfong ku̱yak Scottish nyai Ednam ka̱ya Roxburghshire, bu̱ a̱na ka̱ryi nu, Grace Pace, nyai Thornaby-on-Tees.[3] U durya cci kop jring cci atuyring bu swak ntat bu akutat 1736, kyang nbvwak nu na u̱ bra̱k nat ka̱bvwa ku̱yak Airey Holme ka̱ ya Great Ayton, ka̱yemi a̱ntyok ka̱bvwa npfong a̱tyi nu nu, Thomas Skottowe, a̱ trang krum Cook a̱ ga cong ka̱kpri du̱̇twang ka ba yin nok a̱n brang ba̱nyet ba yya ba̱hyom ni.[4] U̱ du̱rya cci kop jring cci a̰tuyring bu swak naai bu a̰yring 1741, na̱ ka̱n bvwa a̱rya a̱pfon na̱ cong du̱twang ti, na̱ nwwa yya pfong bu̱ a̱tyi nu ba ka̱n ku yrek a̱ nat i a̱gba̱dang du̱ccu ka̱bvwa npfong u.[5]

U̱ du̱rya cci kop jring cci a̱tuyring bu swak naai bu a̰pfwon 1745, na̱ yet a̱rya swak bu a̰kutat 16, Cook a̱ shek a̱ nat ka̱nkrang bvoi hwon ka a̱ shyi ka̱mak mile swak nhwa ni 20 (32 km) nyai u̱ ka̱ba̱nkrang Staithes a̱ ga su myamm a̱bvwan nkyang an bvwak  William Sanderson.[6] Na bu̱ tyak nhywan swak bu̱ a̱nunai, Cook, a̱ ryi dai na̱ nu maai a̱ zzap nkyang ba,  a̱ syak a̱ nat ka̱yat ka̱nkrang Whitby a su nwwa nbvwak ba̱kpa̱ndang Sanderson John bu̱ Henry Walker. Ba̱hwai ba ni a̱ yin yet ba̱ngwak a byi njirgi ba̱shekkwot a̱ zzap du̱can.[7]

Ba sook Cook pfong ruk jirgi ba̱shekkwot ka̱yat njirgi nba ka na̱ cong bu̱ du̱can an nghep ba̱shekkwot Ba̱shong. Ká̱́tsutsrang npfong nu ka a̱ yin shyi ka̱yat jirgi collier Freelove, wwon na̱ sook a̱rya na̱ shyi a nkpa bu̱ nzaan na a̱ shyi a̱katyi Tyne bu̱ London ni. Ka̱yat nkyang ka na̱ yin nyya ka̱ram myamm pfong a ni, Cook a̱ yin tyi rya u̱ twang algebra, geometry, trigonometry, navigation bu̱ astronomy – nkyang a ba yin cat u̱ bvwo cong bu̱ jirgi ba̱shekkwot ni.[8]

Ka̱ram ka na n tyak a̱rya a̱tat myam pfong a ni, Cook a̱ nwwa yya pfong cip jirgi ba̱shekkwot ka̱yat nkyei ba̱shekkwot Baltic a. Ka̱ram ka na̱ bu̱ n shya kpa̱ yet a̱ngwak ka̱ccet ba̱shekkwot u̱ du̱rya cci kop jring cci a̰tuyring bu swak npfwon bu a̰hwa 1752 ba ku yrak a̱ nat i na̱ nwwa yya pfong bu̱ ba̱cecet ba myang.[9] Na̱ ya ka̱son bu̱ ka̱sak ka ni an tyak za swa bu̱ kpit na cong nghep ba̱shekkwot ka̱ya  Norway bu̱ Netherlands, na̱ myamm bvwan a gbat ba̱shekkwot sang du̱yyu an nghep a̱n yyi Britain, a̱ bvo ka bvwan an kyei ba̱shekkwot Irish bu̱ English Channel.[10]

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