Guy de Maupassant

Ilul **Henry – René – Albert – Guy DE MAUPASSANT** ass n 05 ɣuct 1850 di teɣremt n Miromesnil di Tourville-sur-Arques, ɣer tama n Dieppe, deg Ugafa n Fransa. Imawlan-is msebḍan mi yesɛa 12 n yiseggasen. Yesɛedda temẓi ines taseɛdit d yemma-s deg ugama n La Normandie*,* anda ixuleḍ at taddart uɣur i d-yessen tameddurt n yifellaḥen d yinsayen nsen.

Yekker-d ger lecḍuḍ d lberr, tesḥer-it tugna n waman. Mi meẓẓi, iteddu d yiṣeggaden ɣer ceṭṭ i tegmert, d ilemẓi inehher taflukt deg wasif n La Seine, yessikil deg Ugrakal.

Mi yekfa almud-is, ssawlen-as, yelsa d aɛsekri di tallit n umgaru ger Fransa d Lalman. Acḥal d tikelt i d-yebder tirmi-s n tallit-a di tullisin-is anda i d-isugen lfetna ; d lɛada taweḥcit, imenɣan ger yiɣerfan d tifrat n tkerkas ur nettwaqbal.

Mi yekfa wemgaru, yexdem deg Weɣlif n tegriwa (*la marine*), sakkin deg Welmud azayzan (*publique*) anda yettwali tudert tabiruqratit iɣef iqejjem di lehmum d lɛeqliyyat n yimdanen i yudes di tirawin-is tiseklanin. Ɣas akka, yeqqim d axeddam amedyan ; iquder iman-is, qudren-t yiɣellaten-is. 

Segmi d-tufrar tullist-is : Takurt n Tassemt (*Boule de Suif*)*,* MAUPASSANT yebda tira deg yeɣmisen iɣer t-iwelleh Gustave Flaubert i yas-iseknen iɛewwajen n tsekla, yeḥbes seg uxeddim-is akken ad yidir d imserreḥ aḥrur. Bdan-as wuguren n tezmert. Imagraden i yettaru di tɣamsa, uɣalen-as d asluɣmu d tannant i t-yullen ɣef tira.

Di temrawt 1880-1890, yura setta wungalen : *Une Vie* deg 1883 ; *Bel-Ami* deg 1885 ;  *Mont-Oriol* deg 1887 ; *Pierre et Jean* deg 1887-1888 ; *Fort comme la Mort* deg 1889 ; *Notre cœur* deg 1890 akked 305 ger tullisin d tmucuha. 

Iweddeb-it waṭan n nnaqsa (*névralgie*) i yas-isewlellsen allen-is, yerna yesnulfa-yas-d amerɛun, ikemmel-as *Syphilis,* armi yuɣal yezzer di lweswas, yezga yettwali tamettant-is ; dɣa yeɛreḍ ad ineɣ iman-is weqbel ad t-tekcem tselbi d wekraf armi yemmut ass 06 Yulyu 1893. Yettwamḍel di tenḍelt n Montparnasse s tilin n yimeddukal-is, gar-asen Émile Zola.

## Timmadit-is <sub>(personnalité)</sub>

MAUPASSANT, isebgen-d tidmi-s ; yebɣa ad yili d ilelli ibeɛden ɣef yikabaren isertanen, ibeɛden ɣef yiɣerbazen iseklanen d yiculen inuẓar (*courants artistiques*). Ɣas yettunebgat sɣur timetti tunnigt n tallit-is, iḥemmel agama, iḥemmel taywennit (*solitude*), iɣucc axaleḍ d wuḍan n zzhu n yinesbaɣuren. Yenna deg yiwet si tebṛatin-is :

Kra n wemdan yebɣan ad yeḥrez iman-is, ama d tilelli n tekti, taɣawsa, tudert, talsa akked umaḍal s tiṭ n umannay ilelli, ilaq-as ad yebɛed maḍi ɣef yenna-tenna. Ad yebɛed ɣef teflas d tesraḍ yettwawṛaten. Ad yebɛed ɣef uxaleḍ d wassaɣen n tmetti, ayen ?

Imi tuccḍa akked leḥmeq, neṭṭḍen amdan s zzerban bla ma ifaq ; ad yaɣ abrid nsen, ad yelḥu deg-s tikli-nsen, ad yettxemmim s ttxamim nsen.

Yenneɛtab seg yilem i yas-d-yezzin d wulac n tudert, MAUPASSANT, izdeɣ-it lweswas, hban-t wumran ; d ayen i yas-yekksen asirem n ḥellu. Yenna ɣef waya :

« Ẓriɣ gwriɣ-d iman-iw, sserhaben-iyi wuḍan iɣezfanen n tusaft.

Yettuneḥsab ɣur-s uḥulfu n teywennit d lmektub, di tedmi-s ur yumin tella leḥmala ger yemdanen ; wa ur ikeccem deg wul n wayeḍ, amsefhem gar-asen d awezɣi. Ayagi, yettban-d di tirawin-is s tmuɣli n layas alqayan ɣef tudert akked tmetti.

## Taẓuri ines<sub>(art)</sub>:

MAUPASSANT, yeɛǧeb-as aṭas Gustave Flaubert, ababat-is aseklan uɣur yelmed asekfel n tilawt s ttfaṣil, yeskad amaḍal i yaɣ-d-yezzin s tmeẓra-s, _ tucmitin d tucbiḥin _ yesɛa tamuɣli tuzzigt (*spécifique*) ɣef teẓrilawt (*réalisme*) akked teẓrigama (*naturalisme*), d win yettxemmimen s tekdit ɣef ugama ideg yettidir, ideg d-yekker, tid i wumi ur ifaq yiwen weqbel-is. Yella d amdan yettḥussun mačči d win yettḥulfun. Yeqqar :

« Ɣur-i  asugen asemmaḍ ilaw. Ḥemmleɣ ayen ẓerreɣ… ur sɛiɣ ara iman aḥulfan.’’

Taẓuri ines, tezdeɣ asugen ilaw n tɣawsa d tekli n wemdan akked tmetti. Ur yeḥbis ara deg usugen n yal amkan i yudef : agama d yinsayen n yimezdaɣ-is, timetti n Lpari d leɛceq ines, lgirra d lfejɛat-is…

Ma d isental-is i d-yettuɣalen s ṭaqqa deg wayen yura, ggten, gar-asen : Tayri d wassaɣen-is, igen d wemgaru, takdit d lexdeɛ, tigullelt d wayla, tamgerḍt d ttaṛ, tagmert d usgunfu, jjiḥ d tlawin, aman d yillel, tamettant d tselbi, atg. Maca, deg waya akk, MAUPASSANT, yemmug am unaẓur ; ur yebɣi ara ad aɣ-d-yesken tugna n tudert, maca ad aɣ-d-ifek tamuɣli-s lqayen yemmden, tin iqerben yettqerriben ɣer tilawt.

I wakken ad yaweḍ iswan-is, MAUPASSANT*,* iseqdec aɣanib asehlan d uweɛran. Tafyirt-is d tafessast tefses d leqniɛa n tudert n yidgan igellem. Maca, isental-is qqnen s initen d yinsayen n Fransa n tallit-is, ladɣa wid n temnaḍt n La Normandie, tikwal yuɛer, neɣ ahat d awezɣi ad yenfali wemdan ɣef tefses yellan akk di tutlayt-a s tutlayt-niḍen.

## Ayen yura
*1850: Talalit n Guy De Maupassant di teɣremt Miromesnil ɣer tama n Dieppe.
*1860-1862: Amsefreq n yimawlan n *Guy*.
*1863-1868: D anelmad di tsuddut n yimrabḍen n tmezgida n Yvetot.
*1868: Guy, yekcem ɣer tesnawit n Rouen. Yemlal d Louis Bouilhet akked Gustave Flaubert.
*1869: Yewwi-d agerdas n baccalauréat di Caen.
*1870-1871: Yella deg yigen.
*1872: Yekcem s Aɣlif n Tegriwa.
*1875: Isuffeɣ-d Afus n Umeslux *La Main  d’écorché*, d tamacahut.
*1878: Yekcem s Aɣlif n Uselmed Azayzan.
*1880: Yessazreg Takurt n tassemt *Boule de Suif* akked yisefra. Ɣur-s uguren n tezmert, Yessakel ɣer la corse.
*1881: Axxam Tellier *La maison Tellier*, d amud-is amezwaru n tullisin. Yessakel ɣer Lezzayer. Yebɣa ad ineɣ iman-is segmi wlellsent wallen-is.
*1882: Tamsiwt Fifi *Mademoiselle Fifi*.
*1883: Tameddurt *Une Vie*’’, timucuha n Uɣbub *Contes de la Bécasse*. Talalit n mmi-s amenzu.
*1884: Asizreg n Tamsiwt Harriet *Mademoiselle Harriet* ; Tiyessetmatin Rondoli *Les sœurs Rondoli* ; I Yiṭij *Au Soleil*, d aɣmis ; Tiziri *Claire de Lune*; talalit n yelli-s.
*1885: Timucuha n wass akked yiḍ *Contes du jour et de la nuit* ; *Bel-Ami*. Yessakel daɣen ɣer la Corse.
*1886: Mass Parent *Monsieur Parent*; Tasegdalt Tamecṭuḥt *La Petite Roque*; *Mont-Oriol* (ungal s yeḥricen). Yessakel ɣer tmurt n Legliz.
*1887: Le Horla ; ungal Pierre et Jean. Talalit n yelli-s tis-snat.
*1888: Amgud n Ujeǧǧig n Massa Husson ‘‘*Le Rosier de Madame Husson*’’, Ɣef Waman ‘‘*Sur l’Eau* ; d iɣmisen n usikel.
*1889: Afus azelmaḍ *La Main gauche* ; ungal Tuɛer am tmettant *Fort comme la Mort*.
*1890: Ul nneɣ *Notre cœur*; Tameddurt taglawant *La Vie errante*; Tafulki tarumɛint *L’Inutile Beauté.*
*1891: Yeɣli d amuḍin.
*1892: Yebɣa ad ineɣ iman-is.
*1893: Talwit n twacult *La paix du ménage*, d tamezgunt ; Tamettant-is ass n 16 Yulyu.
*1945: Tamezgunt tawdiɛt (*posthume*) Ɣer yifer n ujeǧǧig, axxam aṭurki *À la feuille de rose, maison turque*, yura-tt deg useggas 1875.