open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Tilit

**Tilit** d tazmert n tasedmirt d tilawt (neɣ tallunt) s talɣa tusridt neɣ tartusridt, Askan n tilit d yiwet gar tlufa ilan azal yerna tugar tiyyad deg tumast  deg tesnilit (ontology) 

## Aẓaṛ n wawal
Deg Teqbaylit awal  *tilit* yekka-d seg umyag **ili** 

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tafelsaft
* Asɣan
Tasnilit

**Tasnitit** deg tfelsaft d yiwen n ingazen ilan azal meqren deg tedfersengamt, Tusna ayi teɣɣar deg unagi (anadi) deg wesnirem n ugama n tilit arangan deg tlufa tidfersengamin id yellan seg tsugnin d irman d ilugan usnanen. Am tenga, Tafasa, d wakud d uideg d wamek d tilit d illi  

## Amezruy
Aberzegzaw

**Aberzegzaw** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Chloris chloris**) d yiwet n telmest n yigḍaḍ yeṭṭafaren tawsit n tmsennenin di twacult n tbenferriwin.

## Aglam
Ini n uberzegzaw d azegzaw ikecm-it uwraɣ deg afriwen d udfar. Maca ini n tawtemt d iwrireɣ d izirigen d arasen deg uzagur, Addud n uberzegzaw yettili gar n 14 ar 16 cm, Yerna yettemcabi ar umenferriw deg kra n yiglamen-is 

## Idgan n tudert
Aberzegzaw yettidir deg Turuft d ugafa n Tafriqt d umalu n Asya 

## [[Amyaraw]]
Deg tallit n usefrurex izeddeɣ deg Yiraten n tẓegwa d urtiyen anda ttilin yemɣan s waṭas, Yessefrurux gar n 3 ar 8 n tmellalin

## Učči
Aberzegzaw itett ifsan d iburɣas.

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Timsennenin (tawsit)

**Timsennenin** (Assaɣ usnan: **Carduelis**) d tawsit meqqren n yijqiwen yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tbenferriwin.

## Umuɣ n telmas
* Timerqemt – (*Carduelis carduelis*)
* *[[Carduelis citrinella]]*
* *[[Carduelis corsicana]]*. 

## Imniren

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Tahrayt

**Tahrayt** (Assaɣ usnan: *Bucanetes githagineus*) d talmest n yigḍaḍ meẓẓiyen yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tbenferriwin.

## Taẓuni (Ideggan n tudert)
Yettidir deg tigzirin Tiknariyin d Tafriqt n ugafa d usamar alemmas d kra n tamiwin n Uruppa.

## Aglam
Ini ynes d aras, aqamum-is d azeggaɣ.

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Tanejjikt

**Tanejjikt** (Assaɣ usnan: *Rosaceae*) d tawacult tamɣawt n tesnayyawin dges aṭas n tewsitin n isekla d tmedkin azal ameqran deg-sent ttemɣayent-d deg yidgan isemmṭen 

Gar n isekla yeṭṭafaren tawacult-a tella: tifirest, tektuniyya, afarmas, asegmar, isiɣid, Admam d uredlim

Ma d timedkin yeṭṭafaren tawacult-a llan-t: tizwal uṛumi, tizwal s yakk tilmas-is am inijjel d inijel azeggaɣ 

## Aglam
**[[Afriw|Afriwen]]**
Afriwen n twacult-a ttilin d ifsasen neɣ d uddisen

## [[Adu-twacult|Tidu-waculin]]

## Umuɣ n tewsitin

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Tinejjikin

**Tinejjikin** (Assaɣ usnan: *Rosales*) d tafesna n yemɣan yeṭṭafaren asmil n tesnayyawin deg twaculin-is tella tnejjikt dgi llant waṭas n tewsitin n isekla d tmedkin id yettemɣayen aladɣa yidgan semmṭen 

## Tiwaculin
Barbeyaceae
Cannabaceae&nbsp;
Dirachmaceae
Elaeagnaceae&nbsp;
Moraceae&nbsp;
Rhamnaceae&nbsp;
Rosaceae&nbsp;
Ulmaceae&nbsp;
Urticaceae&nbsp;

## Tiwelhiwin
Amenferriw

**Amenferriw** neɣ **Amenferriw n yisekla**  (isem ussnan: * Fringilla coelebs*) d talmest n yijqiwen yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tbenferriwin yettidir s waṭas deg Uruppa d ugafa n Tmazɣa akken i yettili daɣen deg umalu n Asya d Umalu n Tefrikt d Tigzirin Tiknariyin.

## Aglam

## Tudert

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Aberzegzaw
* Timsennent
Tibenferriwin

**Tibenferriwin** neɣ **Timenferriwin** (isem usnan: **Fringillidae**) d tawacult n yigḍaḍ meqqren acku tegber seg 52 n tiwsitin yezdin azal n 220 n telmas.

Tilmas n twacult-a d tid yesčewčiwen, tettent ifsan. Amur ameqran deg-sent ttidiren-t deg wezgen agafan n tegnit.

## Aglam
Tilmas n tbenferriwin mgaradent s waṭas, acku talmest tameẓyant degsent yettili waddud-is (lqedd-is) azal n 9 cm tettazen 8.4 g. ma d tameqrant tettawaḍ ɣer 23 cm deg waddud yettazen 80 g, Tibenferriwin d tid ilan aqamum yuddsen s waṭas. 

### '''[[Afraw]]'''

### '''Tikeli'''

## Tasartut d|Timsennent usismel

## Umuɣ n tewsitin
* Timsennent – (*Carduelis*). 
* Aqelqul — (*Linaria*)
* Tadayma (tawsit) — (*Pyrrhula*).
* Amenferriw – (*Fringilla*).
* Mycerobas. 
* Abufḍis – (*Coccothraustes*).
* Abufḍis n tayda, (Pinicola enucleator) – (*Pinicola*).
* Tadayma – (*Pyrrhula*).
* Tahrayt – (*Bucanetes*). 
* Eophona
* Timezmleft – (*Serinus*).
* Agṭiṭ uzumba – (*Loxia*).

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Amenferriw 
* Timerqemt
Aẓiẓ

**Aẓiẓ** (Assaɣ usnan: * Torgos tracheliotos*) d tawsit n tigermamzikin yeṭṭafaren tawacult n iberniyen deg tfesna n tsekliwin dgi llan-t telmas n iden am ijider, Tasiwant, tamedda d uberni

## Idgan n tudert
Tawsit-a tettidir aladɣa deg Tefrikt seg ugafa ar uneẓul 

## Aglam
Aẓiẓ d yiwen gar iylalen meqqren acku addud-is yettili gar n 95 ar 115 cm (deg tiddi n tfekka) maca mara ad yeldi afriwen-is yettawaṭ ɣer 2,5 ar 2,8 m, adfar-is gar n 33 ar 36 cm 

## Učči
Aẓiẓ am yakk iylalen isekliwen d aylal anegmar, d amseksum igemmr-d iɣersiwen yemgaraden

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Iberniyen

**iberniyen** (Assaɣ usnan: *Accipitridae*) d yiwet gar n kuẓ (4) n twaculin yeṭṭafaren tafesna n tsekliwin, Tawacult-a tettett seg waṭas n telmas n tgemriwin yemgaraden deg ublɣ, seg tmeẓẓyanin annect n iburɣas ar tmeqranin annect n temsuṭad, Tilmas n twacult-a ttidiren-t yakk deg imenẓawen n tegnit anagar antraktika 

Tawacult-a tla (tesɛa) aṭas n tdu-twaculin am iberniyen d ijudar d tsiwanin d tkermeddiwin

## [[tasartut n tesnudert|Asismel]] usnan
Imusnawen gezzmen tawacult n tberniyin deg 5 ar 10 n tdu-twaculin zdint yakk deg yiwet n tasnasileɣt (morphology), Maca aṭas deg-sent lant timsurta yemgaraden s talɣa ney s tayeṭṭ ɣef tiyyad yettusisemlen deg tidu-twaculin nni

## [[Tawsit (tudersent)|Tiwsitin]]

* Isɣi 

* Aẓiẓ

* Ijider 

* Aberni

* Tijudar (*Aquila*)
Tisekliwin

**Tiselkiwin** (Assaɣ usnan: **Accipitriformes**) d tafesna n iylalen anda yella wazal ameqran n iylalen inegmaren iy tetten tigmrawin yal ass am uberni d ijider d uẓiẓ, ttgin-t-d Azal n 225 n telmas, Akken id yella deg tazwara usismel n iseflayen deg tfesna ayyi maca sin akin tettwikkes tuɣal ar tfesna n tiseflay (falconiformes)

## [[Tasartut n tesnudert|Asismel]]
tiwaculin yeṭṭafaren tafesna ayyi:

* Iberniyen
* Igermalen n Marikan
*
Aferfer

**Aferfer** neɣ **Tasmsafga** d yiwen n uɣanib n umesni atrar, irem n uferfer ur yekcim ara kan deg yinig maca deg tmugriwin tigennawin daɣen 

Aferfer deg tesnudert d aɣanib n umesni ɣer iylalen

## Tiwelhiwin
Ijider awraɣ

**Ijider awraɣ** (Assaɣ usnan: *Aquila chrysaetos*) d asekliw yettwassenen yakk deg wezgen n umadal agafaw, akken iga daɣen d talmest meqqren yakk deg ijudar, yeṭṭafar tawacult n iberniyen am telmas n iden deg tewsit-is, Zik nni yella yezdeɣ yakk deg yidgan n ugafa n tegnit maca tura inger deg waṭas n yidgan igra-d kan deg igran d tẓegwa yaggugen (ibeɛden) ɣef yidgan ittwazdaɣen d ifganen ɣas yella-d wannecg-a maca mazal-it yettidir deg waṭas n yidgan seg Asya ar Uruppa d Tefriqt d Tamrikt n Ugafa aladɣa di Kalifurnya 

## [[Tagemra|Agmar]]
Ijider awraɣ igemmer s ugani ɣef ikacbaren-is imesden d tazla-ynes yeflalen, Umuɣ n tgemrawin-is meqqer acku dges iwtal, Yuzaṭ, inẓiden ula d iburaɣ akk d yemcac

## [[Amyaraw]]
Ijider awraɣ d aɣersiw ayentyuga, ixeddem-d yiwen n unarag (acrik) kan deg teɣzi n tudert-is, yal tayuga tettaṭaf tajumma yettawaṭen ar 155 km anda iy ferren ideg yeflalen i tmuska (lebni) n ugdef i wakken ad issers dges timellalin-is, Deg yal tikkelt ssrusayen yiwet n tmellalt neɣ kuẓ (4) 

## Aglam
Ijider awraɣ d aselkiw yuddsen s waṭas, afraw-is d aras, Afriwen-is hraw-it, Teɣzi ynes tettili gar n  70 ar 85 cm ma d afriwen-is seg yiri ar yiri mara ad ldin ttilin seg 185 ar 220 cm, Azuk-is yettili gar n 3,8 ar 6,7 kg i tewtemt yugaren awtem (seg 2,8 ar 4,6 kg i wewtem)

## Asismel
Amusnaw n iɣersiwen n Swid Carl con Linné igelm-d iylalen-a s tugna tusnant i tikkelt tamenzut deg uskar-is *[[anagraw agaman]]* deg useggas n 1758 dgi is-yefka isem n tewsit *Falco* anda iy ɣil de akken-it n iseflayen, send ma ad s-yales (ad s-iɛawed) umusnaw afṛensis (Mathurin Jacques Brisson) asismel w ad s-yefk isem n tewsit *Aquila* deg useggas n 1760

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Taɣcuyt

**Taɣcuyt** (Assaɣ usnan:  *Haliaeetus  leucocephalus*) d aylal asekliw yettidir deg Temrikt n ugafa akken iga daɣen d aylal anamur i Iwunak Yeddukklen n Temrikt, Aylal-a dges Anagar n snat n tdefrin yettidir seg Alaska d Kanada deg ugafa alamma d Miksik deg uneẓul, yettidir aladɣa deg yidgan yeldin n waman anda yettaf učči am iselman, d yidgan anda llan isekla i wakken ad yebnu igdfen

Tiɣcuyin llan-t ttusisemlen-t d iɣersiwen yettwaggzen s umihi n wengar maca assmi id iban d akken llan dges waṭas n iylalen yettidiren deg Alaska d Kanada tuɣal ɣer telmas yettwaggzen s kra kan deg 1995. S akken tuɣal talmest ur nettwaggez deg 2007 

## Aglam
Taɣcuyt yewwṭen deg waddar ini-ynes d aras yakk ma d wudem-is d ixef-is d imellalen ama d awtem neɣ d Tawtemt amgarad gar-asen yettili deg ubleɣ anda tawtemt iy meqren ɣef uwtem, aqamum n teɣcuyt meqqer yenceb, Taɣcuyt d aylal meqren teɣzi ynes tettawaṭ seg 70 ar 102 cm Afriwen-is mara ldin ttilin seg 1,8 ar 2,3 m ma d Azuk-is seg 3 ar 7 kg

## Učči
Taɣcuyt d aɣersiw iy teten aṭas n telmas. Maca učči ynes agejdan d iselman. Akken daɣen iy tett imekdaden, Ibṛaken, iwezziwen d telmas n iden n temraradin
Aseflay

**Aseflay** (Asget: **Tiseflay**), (Assaɣ usnan: *Falcon*) d tawsit n igṭaṭ isekliwen yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tseflay

## Tikeli d uglam
Timellalin n useflay ttefruruxen-d deg taggara n unebdu deg tallit nni tawtemt n useflay tgemmer-d tigmrawin n iylalen yettinigen i wakken ad ttessečč ifrax-is 

Teɣzi n useflay tettili gar n 25 ar 70 cm, yettazen 2 kg dɣa d tiwetmin i yugaren iwetmen deg azuk 

## [[Talmest|Tilmas]] n useflay
* Alullam d tilmas-is
* Asɣen de tilmas-is
* Awerẓellim (*Falco cherrug*)

## Tiwlafin
Alullam

**Alullam** (Assaɣ usnan: *Falco biarmicus*) d aylal asekliw yeṭṭafaren tawsit n useflay deg twacult n tiseflay, Alullam d aylal yettusexdmen i wegmar aladɣa ɣer iserɣinen maca azal-is ur yugar ara Azal n usɣen d uberni

## Tilmas n ulullam
**Alullam azegzaw** 
Talmest-a i d tamezdayt s waṭas, ini n uzagur-is d aras 

**Alullam aras**: 
Yettidir deg kra n tmura n Asya am Afɣanistan d Buṛma de Lhend, ini n uzagur-is d aras ma d idmaren-is d imellalen 

## [[Amyaraw]]
Yessrusay gar n 5 ar 13 n tmellalin yal aseggas, izeddel fellasen-t seg 30 ar 35 n wussan i wakken ad frurxen-t  
## Učči
Alullam d aylal yeggunin deg wučči ɣef weksum n tgemrawin am yetbir d waṭas n telmas n temraradin

## Idgan n tudert
Yettidir ulullam deg Tefrikt (Seg Sudan ar Lezzayer d Umeṛṛuk ula d Tmurt n Iqbayliyen) akk d tzunegzirt taserɣint
Agmar

**Agmar** d tagemra d tuṭṭfa n iɣersiwen d iylalen d iselman i wučči, Agmar d yiwen n wermud yusa-d amzik alsan seld (beɛd) n tallit n usegrew u ugru n igumma d wayen yettilin deg ugama, Acku seld mi yezmer ufgan ad yexdem w ad yesselfu ifecka n ugmar yebda igemmer iɣersiwen 

Afgan tessexdam aṭas n tarrayin i wegmar am usersu n iseṭra (lefxax) d usexdem n kra n iɣersiwen am iṭan d ulullam d waṭas n tarrayin n iden
Aberni

**Aberni** (yettwassenen s **Lbaz**, i d-ikkan seg yisem aɛrab: *الباز al-bāz*) d aylal asekliw yeṭṭafaren tawacult n iberniyen, adfar-is ɣezzif, asekkud-is yuddes yettidir deg tẓegwa, ytett seg tgemriwin id iteṭṭef s tazla meqqren, 

**Lbaz** d awal Aserɣin (aɛrab) yettusexdem tikwal i weskan n useflay maca aseflay d aylal yemgaraden yakk ɣef uberni acku aseflay yeṭṭafar tawacult n tseflay yerna aṭas n midden ur ssinen ara ula d isem-is

## Talɣa n tfekka
Aberni ila (yesɛa) aqamum imesden d wafriwen ɣezzifen hrawen d imezgayen i wferfer, iṭarren-is uddsen (gedren) dgsen ikacbaren mesden Ayen id t-ittallen ad yeṭṭef tagemrawt-is akken ur t-reggel ara, Tawtemt n uberni tettili d asleg n ubleɣ n uwtem

## Učči
Aberni d aɣersiw amseksum, yeggunin deg usekkud-is yuddsen deg tenzayt aṭas n telmas iy kecmen deg umuɣ n wučči ynes ama d timsuṭad meẓẓiyen neɣ d izerman d temraradin n iden 

## Tilmas
* Aberni burgal azeggaɣ (*Buteo jamaicensis*)
* Aberni amellal (*Leucopternis albicollis*) 
* Aberni aberkan (*Buteogallus urubitinga*)
Ijider

**Ijider** neɣ **Igider** (Asget: **ijudar**, **igudar**) d tawsit n iylalen isekliwen yeṭṭafaren tawacult n iberniyen, dges ugar n 60 n telmas amur ameqran deg-sent ttidiren-t deg Tefrikt d Asya d Uruppa akken i llan-t snat n telmas yettidiren deg Temrikt n ugafa (taɣcuyt d ijider awraɣ) d 9 n telmas deg Temrikt talemmast d wneẓul, d 3 g Ustralya d waṭas n iden deg Filippin

## Talɣa n [[Tafekka|tfekka]]
Ijudar d iylalen isekliwen yuddsen (igedren) s waṭas, Aqerru-ynes d uqamum-is meqqr-it, Afriwen-is ɣezzif-it tezmer ad tefferfer yisen 

Tbennu isekliwen-is deg isekla yeflalen neɣ deg yirawen n idurar, Azal ameqran n telmas n ijider ssrusayen-t snat n tmellalin deg yal tikkelt, Mara ad frurxen yiwen n wefrux iteɣɣ gmas ameẓyan

## Tilmas

## Ijider deg yidles
Tiseflay

**Tiseflay** neɣ **Tiseflayin** (Assaɣ usnan: *Falconidae*) d tawacult n iylalen yeṭṭafaren tafesna n tiseflalɣiwin dges 60 n telmas ttekkan-t yakk deg tsekliwin

## Aglam
Tiseflayin d iylalen isekliwen meẓẓiyen neɣ imnummsen. Acku azuk-nsent yettili gar n 35 g kan am useflay aberkan n imseṭ (*Microhierax fringillarius*) ar isefrek yettawaṭen ar 1735 g 

Tiseflayin d iylalen ilan iqamumen d ikacbaren imesden d usekkud yuddsen d wafraw aras d umellal d uberkan d uzunɣid akken yella kra n wemgarad gar wefraw n uwtem d win n tewtemt 

## Idgan n tudert
Tiseflayin d iylalen yettidiren deg waṭas n yedgan seg Tafriqt talemmast d kra n tegzirin tinagrawin ar tizgelt n ugafa d tizgelt n wenẓul 

## Učči
Tiseflayin d iɣersiwen imseksumen tetten iylalen temsuṭad timeẓyanin d temraradin 

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Aseflay
* Alullam
Isefrek

**Isefrek** neɣ **iɣiwerflay** (Assaɣ usnan: *Falco rusticolus*) d talmest tameqrant yakk n iseflayen, Yessefrurux deg tizgelt n ugafa d Uruppa n ugafa d tegzirin n Temrikt n ugafa akken yezdeɣ din daɣen, maca kra n isefrak ttinigen deg tegrest seld n tallit n umyaraw

## Aglam
Isefrek d aylal meqren s waṭas annect n telmest meqqren yakk deg tewsit n tsekla, Addud n uwtem yettili gar n 48 ar 61 cm, azuk-is gar n 805 ar 1350 g  ma d afriwen-is leddin seg 110 ar 130 cm, Dɣa d tawtemt i yugaren awtem deg ubleɣ acku addud-is yettili gar n 51 ar 65 cm ma d afriwen-is leddin ar 124- 160 cm yettazen 1180 ar 2100 g, adfer n isefrek yettili gar n 19 ar 29 cm, Aqamum-is seg 2 ar 2,8 cm
Tasekla tamezdayt

**Tasekla tamezdayt** (Assaɣ usnan: *Buteo Buteo*) d aylal asekliw yettidiren deg yidgan ildin d isekla ur neflal ara (ur ɛlay ara) s waṭas, Tasekla tamezdayt d inebgi d amezray yettgaǧǧi-d ar Tmurt n Iqbayliyen deg tegrest

## Učči
Ytett seg iylalen meẓẓiyen d iburɣas d temraradin

## Tilmas
* Tasekla taberkant
Isɣi

**Isɣi** (Assaɣ usnan: *Neophron percnopterus*) d ijider meẓẓiyen yeṭṭafaren tawacult n iberniyen, yettidir deg Tefrikt n Ugafa d Uruppa akked deg wAnẓul n Asya. 

## Aglam
Addud n yisɣi d win yettawaṭen ar 85 cm seg uqamum-is ar yiri n udfer-is d 1,7 m Mara ad ildi afriwen-is, ma d azuk-is yettawaṭ ar 2,1 kg 

## Učči

Isɣi-a iḥemmel ikesman n yimurḍusen, ladɣa iɣsan, daymi as-qqaren merẓiɣsan [m + erẓ + iɣsan = win yettruẓun iɣsan = *celui qui brise les os*]. Mi ṛzan iɣsan-nn, ad mecḥen adif-nsen.

Ger tamawt: isɣan ; >>>> iɣsan = d asget n iɣes (*os*)
## Idgan n tudert
Agḍiḍ asekliw

**Igḍaḍ isekliwen** d igḍaḍ igemmren tigmrawin-nsen i wakken ad seččen iman-nsen am ijider d isɣi d uberni d tninna d ugermal s tallelt n wafriwen-is ɣezzifen d usekkud-is yuddsen (ijehden) d ikacbaren-is imesden d uqamum-is inecben i wakken ad tegzem aksum s tefrer (s ssehala), Akken ittwassnen iylalen-a s tazla meqren mara ad ttferfiren

## [[Tasensartut|Asismel]]
Tisekliwin d anaw igebren seg waṭas n tfesniwin am tsekliwin (*Accipitriformes*), d Tiseflalɣiwin (*Falconiformes*), d tiwukin (*Strigiformes*), d Tigermatrarin (*Cathartiformes*) d tigermamzikin (*Aegypiinae*).

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Taninna

**Taninna** d yiwet n telmest n iseflayen tettidir deg yakk imenẓawen n tegnit anagar Antraktika, Dɣa taninna tamezdayt d tin yettidiren deg yakk Uruppa d Tefriqt d Asya ma d talmest n iden (Taninnayt) tettidir deg yidgan yezzin i yilel agrakal akk d taninna n Mrikan yettidiren deg Marikan d Kanada

## Aglam
Taninna d tin ilan (yesɛan) azagur d aras yettawin ar tezweɣ, Ma d afriwen n iwetmen d izegzawen ttawin ar tizenɣedt ma d talmest tamezdayt deg-sent ila (yesɛa) adfar d azunɣid d wafriwen d arasen ddan ar tezweɣ, tiddi n tninna d tin yellan seg 20 ar 20 cm 

## Učči
Taninna d aɣersiw amseksum iy tetten iɣeṛdayen d telmas n iden n temseɣẓaẓ ɣef wannect-a irennu ula d iburɣas meqqren am izinzer
Amesnuder

**Amesnuder** (s Teglizt: *Biologist*) d amazzag deg tesnudert yeqqaṛ tarrayt d tmamekt n umahil n imuddiren d inagrawen imidduren d wassaɣ nsen d ugama akk d twennaḍt

Llan waṭas n yingazen dgi xeddmen isnudranen, deg-sent:
* Tasnaɣersiwt
* Tasnimɣan
* tasnasileɣt
* Tareygama
Taninnayt

**Taninnayt** (Assaɣ ussnan: * Falco naumanni*) d aseflay meẓẓiyen yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tseflay, yettemyarew deg yidgan yezzin i yilel agrakal d wneẓul alemmas n Asya ar Cinwa d Mangulya, Yettgaǧǧa deg tegrest ar Tefriqt  

## Amgarad gar n tninnayt d [[taninna|tninna]]
Amgarad gar n tninnayt d tninna d akken awtem n tninnayt azagur-is d aras amsulles war tiẓunin s umgarad n tninna ilan (yesɛan) azagur s tẓunin maca deg sin udem-nsen d azunɣid

Maca yemray (yewɛer) usemgirred gar n twetmin n snat n telmas acku di snat lant azagur yeẓẓunin
Taninna tamezdayt

**Taninna tamezdayt** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Falco tinnunculus*) d talmest n iseflayen yettidiren s waṭas deg Uruppa d Asya d Tefrikt n ugafa, Aylal-a d win ilan (yesɛan) aṭas n yiniten meẓẓiy ɣef useflay, yettafeg s tazla 

## Aglam d wučči
Taninna d aylal meẓẓiyen, ytett aksum 

## Amyaraw

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Aseflay
* Aberni
Azdal

**Azdal (ɣef tmellalin)** d tamhalt Timsefkit i wsufren (wsefrurex) n tmellalin n kra n iɣersiwen, Anda imrawen (lwaldin) ttɣamayen fellasen-t deg tallit n temhazt n umgun ar usufren (usefrurex), Ayen ilan (isɛan) Azal deg temhalt-a d taggaẓt n uzɣal iy sefken i gemmu n uqziz s akken i wsufren-is

Azdal d tamhalt tamezdayt ar waṭas n telmas n iylalen d temraradin d iwuzaṭ

## Ɣer iylalen

## Ɣer temraradin

## Tallit n wezdal
Agermal

**Agermal** d aylal meqren yakk deg tfesna n tsekliwin deg-sen wid igan d tigermamzikin (*Aegypiinae*) d wid igan d Tigermatrarin (*Cathartidae*) yettidir deg Uruppa d Asya d Tefrikt d Temrikt

## Aglam
Afriwen-is ɣezzifit s waṭas Ayen it-yettaǧan ad yefferfer ar wadduden yeflalen, Asekkud-is yuddes, aqamum-is imsed s waṭas ayen it-yettallen ad yesseɣres w ad tegzem aksum s tefrer 

Yezmer ad yeldi afriwen-is alamma d 280 cm 
## Učči
Agermal d aɣersiw amseksum iy tett seg iɣeṛdayen d igtal d temraradin d imeɣsuyen 

## [[Amyaraw]]
Agermal d aɣersiw amettan, Acku iy zeddel ɣef tmellalin-is w yettidir deg yidgan yeflalen deg idurar Ayen yessemrayen (yessuɛuren) akken inegmaren ad iwṭen ar ugdef-is, Assaɣ neɣ tazdayt gar n uwtem d tewtemt d tin yettɣamayen tbedd i tanɣa (i lebda), Tawtemt tessrusay anagar yiwet n tmellalt seld 55 n wussan tettefrurux-d 

## Amihi n [[angar|wengar]]
Aṭas n tegrawin n ugermal iy negren ɣef kra n timentilin am: 
* Tadersi n wučči id tettaf deg ugama
* Agmar
* Asexdem n imsengren
Tigermamzikin

**Tigermamzikin** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Aegypiinae*) d tawacult tanegzant yeṭṭafaren tawacult n iberniyen, ɣef tmernawt n Igermalen n umadal amzik dges daɣen ijudar d tsiwanin d useflay, Tigermamzikin ur lint ara (ur sɛant ara) tanila n usekdu yuddsen (ijehden) i lant (i sɛant) tgermatrarin

## [[talmest|Tilmas]]
Tidak-a de kra n telmas yellan s ddaw n twacult tanegzant (tigermamzikin):
* Agermal azunɣid (*Aegypius monachus*)
* Merẓ iɣsan (* Gypaetus barbatus*) 
* Ijider amejjuṭ (*Gyps fulvus*)
* Agermal n Lhend (*Gyps indicus*) 
* Agermal n Himalaya (*Gyps himalayensis*) 
* Isɣi (*Neophron percnopterus*)
Taninna n Mrikan

**Taninna n Marikan** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Falco sparverius*) d talmest n iseflayen yeṭṭafaren tawacult n Tiseflay, Yettidir deg umenẓaw n Marikan

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Taninna
* Taninnayt
Tiwukin

**Tiwukin** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Strigiformes*) d aylal aselkiw iy ssermaden deg iṭ yeggunin s waṭas ɣef tanila n tmesliwt yuddsen (ijehden) s waṭas d wallen-is timeqranin id yettaken timeẓriwt igerzen deg iṭ i wegmar n tgemrawin am iɣeṛdayen d igtal 

## Aglam
Yal yiwen yezmer ad isnefru (ad imeyyez) talɣa n twukt deg tmuɣli tamezwarut s ixef-is meqqren hrawen d uzmar n wafraw yezzin i wallen-is yecban ar tqessult, Dɣa talɣa n wallen n twukt d tin yemgaraden ɣef yakk wallen n tilmas n iylalen n iden deg temɣer n ubleɣ d tnila-nsent yeddan ar zdat i wakken ad tezmer ad tẓer tɣawsiwin s yisent i snat 

Tawukt d tin ilan (yesɛan) tafekka d tameẓyant, Dges aqamum de aseggim d iṭarren yuddsen (igedren) deg-sen ikacbaren imesden 

## Tilmas n twukt
Iḍ

**Iḍ** neɣ **Iṭ** (Asget: **Uḍan**, **Uṭan**) d tallit n wakud gar n uɣelluy d walluy n tfukt (mara ad tili tfukt deg izirig n yegli) teɣzi n yiḍ tegguni ɣef tehri d tsemhuyin n useggas, deg usebges teɣzi n yiḍ tettaṭaf 12 n tesragin ma deg yidgan n iden yettiɣzif neɣ yettigzil s unect (ɛla ḥsab) n tsemhuyin maca yettili 12 n tesragin deg sin n waggaden kan, iḍ aɣezzfan yak deg tehriyin tigafayin yettili-d ass n 21 dujember (tallit n umlulli n tegrest), ma d iḍ agezlan yakk yettili-d ass n 21 Yunyu (tallit n umlulli n unebdu) d umgal i tehriyin tinẓuliyin.
Aɣelluy

**Aɣelluy n [[tafukt|tfukt]]** d akud dgi id tetteɣlay dges (tfukt) s ddaw n izirig n yegli seg tama n umalu, maca aɣelluy yemgarad ɣef timdellest igan d akud n unekcum n tallast anda i t-zelli udnanas
Monte Águila

**Monte Águila** d tamdint deg wanẓul n Cili. Monte Águila tesɛa azal n 6.090 n imezdaɣ (leḥṣab n 2002).
Tugna:Inauguracion Nueva Plaza de Monte Aguila 2017 (12).jpg
Tugna:Bomberos monte aguila.jpg
Tugna:Img-estadio.jpg
Tugna:Entrada x yumbel.jpg
Tugna:Premiacion O.V.V. 2017 (4).jpg
Tugna:Inauguracion Nueva Plaza de Monte Aguila 2017 (103).jpg
Tugna:Inauguracion Nueva Plaza de Monte Aguila 2017 (14).jpg
Tugna:Carros abandonados mte aguila.jpg

## Iseddagen & Izdayen Iberraniyen
* Web Monte Águila 
* Commons:Monte_Aguila
Adnunnes

**Adnunnes** neɣ **Timdellest** d tallast n yiṭ tamezwarut seld (beɛd) n uɣelluy (send n udnanas)

Tamentilt (ssebba) id igellun s udnunnes d tafat iy teddun (iy tṛuḥen) srid deg tallest
Adnanas

**Adnanas** neɣ **Almeẓ** d tafat id yettilin deg tama n umalu seld n uɣelluy n tfukt neɣ deg tama n usamar send n walluy n tfukt ɣef tmentilt (ssebba) n tnezwit n tafat n tfukt deg tissi yeflalen (ɛlayen) n tignewt titriklant s akken ad yihi (ad iɣib) seld tallit wezzilen i wakken ad yass udnunnes, llan-t snat n telmas n udnanas: **Adnanas azeggaɣ** d **udnanas amellal** id yettalin mi ara ad yihi udnanas azeggaɣ 

## Adnanas amellal

## Adnanas azeggaɣ
Igli (tanzagt)

**Igli** d izirig n umyagar n tiggi n tegnit (lqaɛa) de igenni, igli yezmer ad yili yeggug (yebɛed) am taggara n yilel yettusemma **igli awlal**, neɣ yudes (yeqreb) ɣef idgan yuddayen neɣ ɣef isafen w yettusemma s **igli agaman**
Tallast

**Tallast** neɣ **Tallast** (anemgal n usefliley) d tibawt n tafat yettwaẓren dgi id uettbin yini aberkan deg tjumma yettuklan (yettulewnen), yiwen ur yezmir ad isnefru (ad imeyyez) mi ara ad ternu tafat neɣ tallest

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Adnanas
* Adnunnes
* Iṭ
Alluy

**Alluy** d tiremt walluy n tfukt seg yigli, anemgal-is d aɣelluy, alluy d tallit i d-ittasen seld n yiṭ d udnanas

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Adnunnes
* Tallast
Tehri

**Tiwinas n tehri** d tiwinas tisugnanin d timnawayin gugar-asent, llan-t 180 n twinas (90 deg ugafa n usebges, 90 deg wenẓul n usebges) ma d asebges yettili d izirig uṭṭun 0, gar n izireg d izirig llan 111 km deg tegnit 

## Amezruy
anagraw amsideg-a yennulfa-d s ɣur igriken deg gar n iseggasen n 200 d 100 st ass mi srin (yeḥwaǧen) ad yili unagraw i wakken ad s-beyynen anda i llan swaswa

## Tiwinas n tehri tigjdanin

## Azal-is

## Idgan  [[Anezwu|inezwiyen]]
Asebges

**izirig n usebges** d izirig asugnan id yezzin ɣef umtiweg n tegnit s talɣa taglawant deg tlemmast n  usettum gar n snat n tzeglin-is, Asebges d win iy gezzmen tagnit ar sin n izegnan: azgen n ugafa d uzgen n Wenẓul 

Asebges d izirig n tehri yeddmen uṭṭun 0 akken iga d asadwal neɣ d amnir i tussna n yakk inezwa n tegnit, teɣzi n izirig n usebges tga Azal n 40,070 km

## [[Tasemhuyt|Tisemhuyin]] d [[Anezwu asbegsan|unezwu asbegsan]]

## Timura tisbegsanin

## [[Adad]] d [[azwu|uzwu]]

## [[Aẓɣal]]

## [[Ageffur]]
Amlulli n tegrest

**Amlulli n tegrest** d tumant tasnallunt, Ass-is d win yettuẓli (yettwameyyez) s wazal meẓẓiyen d yiṭ meqqren yakk deg useggas, Tumant-a tleffu-d (teḍeṛṛu-d) deg yall amtiweg anda tettmil yiwet n tizgelt ɣer yitri deg wakud dgi tizgelt n iden tettgug (tettbeɛɛid),Amlulli n tegrest yettili-d deg wayyur n Dujember deg wezgen agafan n tegnit, ma deg wezgen n Wenẓul yettili-d deg wayyur n Yunyu
Tameddit

**Tameddit** d tallit gar n uɣelluy d tlemmast n yiṭ, tallit n tmeddit d tin yemgaraden s wemgarad n s tallit n yiṭ, Kra n ifganen ɣilen d akken tameedit tessentay (tbeddu) ɣef tesmust (lxemsa) maca ɣer inselmen tbeddu seg tuddna n (lmeɣreb) alamma d seld n udnunnes.

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tanezzayt
* Tafrara
* Alluy
* Adnanas
Tanezzayt

**Tanezzayt** d amur amezwaru deg wass id yettilin deg tallit n walluy n tdukt seld n tefrara.

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tameddit
* Tafrara
* Ass
* Adnanas
* Iṭ
Tasragt

**Tasragt** d tigget n usekti n wakud ɣas akken ur telli ara d tigget n unagraw agreɣlan n tiggtin maca tettwadeggi (tettwaqbal) deg unagraw-a s usekkil n *h* igan d azamul-is

## Asenmel
Deg useqdec amiran tettwassen tesragt d akken-it d tigget i wakat n wakud, deg yiwet n tesragt llan-t 60 n tesdidin d 3600 n tsinin, tegda (teswa) 1/24 deg wass n tegnit, Akken i tezmer tesragt ad tlu (ad tesɛu) tasint n uneggez d tibawt *(-)* neɣ d tilawt *(+)* deg wakud amsideg amaɣrad ɣef anect-a tezmer ad tili tallit n tesrgt 3599 n tsinin neɣ 3601 n tsinin
Tasdidt

**Tasdidt** d tigget i wegzam n wakud, Deg yiwet n tesdidt llan-t 60 n tsinin, ma d 60 n tesdidin tgint-d yiwet n tesragt, ma deg yiwen n wass ummid (ikemlen) llan-t 1436 n tesdidin (acku teɣzi n wass tga ddaw n 24 n tesragin s 4 n tesdidin), dɣa llan imusnawen id yeqqaren d akken agezzum-a yekka-d s kra n tɣermiwin timzikin am ibabliyen
Tasint

**Tasint** d tigget yettusemrasen i wakat n wakud d tiɣmert, Tasint deg wakud d 1000 Millitsint, d amur deg 60 n imuren deg tesdidt, yakk d amur deg 3600 n imuren deg tesragt, ma deg teɣmert tettwagzam ar 60 n imuren yettusemman tasdidt tagenzit
Amlulli anafuk

**Amlulli n unebdu** iy leffu-d snat n tikkal deg useggas, Deg umlulli anafuk n tegrest deg ass n 21 Dujember deg wezgen n ugafa n tegnit, yakk d umlulli anafuk n unebdu id yettilin ass n 21 Yunyu anda tettili tfukt deg waddud-is yeflalen (yeɛlayen) deg wazal sufell n yegli, ma d addaden deg wezgen n Wenẓul n tegnit ttilin d imgalen acku mi ara ad tili d tagrest deg wezgen agafaw n tegnit yettili-d unebdu deg wezgen n Wenẓul n tegnit w ma yella d anebdu deg wezgen n ugafa tettili-d d tagrest deg wezgen n Wenẓul 

## Iṭ d wass
Amlulli n unebdu

**Amlulli n unebdu** neɣ amud n tlemmast n unebdu d alfay (d aneḍru) anallun mi ara ad tili tizgelt tarakalt i wezgen n kra n umtiweg (azgen n ugafa neɣ n wenẓul) yedda ar yitri i yeṭṭafar, Deg tegnit deg umlulli n unebdu yettili ukennaw-is n agellusan ɣer tseddaṛt tafellayt +23,44° (ɣef wannect-a asinef n tfukt ɣef usebges agennaw yettili-d s wazal n +23,44° deg wezgen n ugafa yakk d -23,44° deg wezgen n wenẓul) anect-a yettili-d snat n tikkal deg useggas (tikkelt i yal azgen n tegnit)

## Iylan
Mya (madam) deg umlulli n unebdu yettili-d deg wazal meqqren yakk izmaz n wakud n walluy n tafukt id yettasen yakk zik d uɣelluy n tfukt iy smezgaren (ṭṭewwilen) s wazal n kra n wussan, Ayen id yesnummken d akken mači s umsefki ad yili walluy id yettasen yakk zik deg umlulli n unebdu

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Amlulli n tegrest
* Amlulli anafuk
* Aggad n tefsut
* Aggad n umwan
Aggad anafuk

**Aggad anafuk** d akud n useggas dgi id izerri (id yettɛedda) usebges agennaw ɣef izirig n usebges n tegnit s tlemmast n tfukt, Dɣa tument-a tettili-d snat n tikkal deg useggas (Deg 20 Meɣres yakk d 22 neɣ 23 n ctember
Tafrara

**Tafrara** neɣ **Izik** d akud n wass anda iy beddu igenni yeččaray d tafat send n walluy n tfukt,

Tafrara tettwagzam ar 3 n wannufen (iḥricen), issentay (ibeddu) mi ara ad tili tfukt 18 n tseddaṛin s ddaw n yegli, Dɣa tayyi d *tafrara n tallunt* ur nettwaskad s wallen , maca itran meẓẓiyen ɣellin ur d-ttbanayen ara, Annuf-a yettaǧa-d akud-is i *tafrara tawlalt*  mi ara ad tiweṭ tfukt ar 12 n tseddaṛin s ddaw n yegli, deg tallit-a yettwazmer usnefru (imeyyez) n tafat tamezwarut n tefrara, ɣas akken deg wannuf wis 3 kan (*tafrara taɣarimt*) id tettbin tafat s waṭas, deg tallit-a tafukt tettali-d ar 6 n tseddaṛin s ddaw n yegli

## Annufen n tefrara

## Tafrara deg yidles

## Tafrara deg [[Ajjed|usɣan]]
Ass

**Ass** d tallit n wakud tasektayt yettaṭṭafen 24 n tesragin, deg-s iḍ d wazal yettemṭafaṛen s tuzzya n tegnit ɣef ugellus-is (axis)

## Ussan n yimalas

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Ass anafuk
* Tafrara
* Tameddit
* Tanezzayt
* Adnanas
Tasedmirt tanmezrit n Polimiraz

**Tasedmirt tanmezrit n Polimiraz** d tarrayt yettusxedmen s waṭas deg tasnudert tacubrant, isem-is yettukks-d seg seg yiwen n iferdisen-is igejdanen igan d DNA Polimiraz, d tamhalt dgi id ileffu umyaraw d umsini n DNA
Tageyyarcit

**Tageyyarcit** (*Trophoblast*) d tibniqqin id yettgin tissi tuffiɣt i tuftagyirt (*blastocyst*) yessuddusen neɣ iy xeddmen učči i weqziz sin akin yettuɣal d amur meqqren seg tnefra, Dɣa tettnulfay-d deg talliyin timezwura n tadist akken id tga d tabniqt tamezwarut n tamagarda tabenniqt deg ubalal yemmurwen
Sherif Gaber

**Sherif Gaber** ،(ilul deg 10 Fuṛaṛ 1993), d tugna deg YouTube, d ablug, d uzɣin n wesɣan yakk d tmetti n Miẓran, yesbedded-it (yesḥebs-it) udabun Miẓran deg wass n 27 ctuber s treddayt n tili-ynes d acfar d uzɣan n wesɣan.
Tasiwant

**Tasiwant** d isem amezday i kra n iylalen isekliwen yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tseflayin dges 3 n tdu-twaculin yettidiren deg yidgan yemnummsen aladɣa zdat n yiɣbula n waman.

## Tudert d wučči
Tasiwant d aylal amseksum ytett aksum n iɣeṛdayen d yitbir d telmas n iden 

Tasiwant tettidir deg isekla yeflalen (ɛlayen), asekkud-is yuddes a waṭas ayen id tt-yettaǧǧan ad tẓer tigemrawin-is seg wadduden yeflalen 

Tawtemt n tasiwant tessrusay gar n 10 ar 20 n tmellalin deg yiwet n tikkelt tzeddel fellasen-t Azal n 20 n wussan 

## Tilmas
Aɣeṛda

**Aɣeṛ'da** (isem ussnan: **Mus**) d tawsit n iɣersiwen imseɣẓa yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tɣeṛdayin temseɣẓaẓ. Talmest yettwassnen yakk di tewsit-a d aɣeṛda n wexxam.  
Dɣa, tilmas n tewsit-a yakk ttmilent ad idirent deg yideggan yudsen (iqerben) ɣer wemdan. 

Yettidir uɣeṛds 3 n iseggasen, maca drus kan iy ttawaḍ ɣer waddar-a (leɛmeṛ ayi), acku yetteɣlay d tagemrawt i waṭas n inegmaren am yimcac d yiḍan d iburaɣ d izerman yakk d tiwukin.

## Aglam, Amyaraw d wučči
### Aglam
Teɣzi n uɣeṛda d tin yettilin gar n 12 ɣer 21 cm. Yettazen gar n 7 ɣer 57 g. Tafekka-ynes d tin yemgaraden gar n umellal d waras (aqahwi).

### [[Amyaraw]]
Iɣeṛdayen d iɣersiwen ilan (yesɛan) anagraw n umyaraw amegzu, yettbaddiden mgal n imiziyen i d-itmagar, imi yezmer ad yarew mi ara ad yaweḍ deg waddar-is 50 n wussan, ama i wewtem neɣ i tewtemt, maca tiwetmin tadarent-d deg wuzzuf s ddaw n waddar-a (25 ɣer 40 n wussan).
Tawtemt tettarew-d seg 40 ɣer 60 n imumden deg yal akud deg useggas, tkeccem ɣer unadar i tallit n 4-5 n wussan tettili deg-sen tuddes (tewjed) i wassaɣ anazzuf deg 12 n tesragin deg yal tameddit.

### Učči
Iɣeṛdayen tetten imɣan (aladɣa imendiyen d igumma) ayen id tt-yettaǧǧan d amuddir iy ssettwaɣayen ammaden.

## Umuɣ n telmas

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
La casa de papel

***La casa de papel*** (s tespenyulit), s teqbaylit ***Axxam n lkaɣeḍ*** neɣ ***Axxam n tedrimt***, d amazrar (feuilleton) Aspenyuli i yexdem Alex Pina, yebda yettɛeddi-d deg tiliẓri ***Antena 3*** s tespenyulit gar 01 Mayyu 2017 d 23 Wamber 2017. Anda nniḍen deg umaḍal yella-d seg 20 Duǧember 2017 deg Netflix.

## Agzul

Yiwen n urgaz i iḥercen mačči d kra, qqaren-as (Apṛufisur), yexdem-as leḥsab i yiwwet n tukerḍa werǧin teḍra-d deg umezruy. Akken ad d-yeḍru waya, issawel-d i tmanya n yemdanen i iẓewren aṭas akken ad bdun tamhelt.
Iswi, ad kecmen ɣer uxxam aɣelnaw anda i d-xedmen tadrimt deg tmurt n Spenyul akken ad siggzen 2,4 n yimelyaṛen uṛu deg 11 n wussan mebla ma tuzzel tiqqit n yidammen. Amazrar itezzi ɣef temhelt-a, d wayen ara d-yeḍrun deffir tufɣa-nsen seg uxxam n tedrimt.

## Udmawen ittekkin deg umazrar
* Ursula Corbero : Silene Oliveira, qqaren-as « Tokyo »
*Itziar Ituo : Raquel Murillo, qqaren-as « Lisbonne »
*Alvaro Morte: Sergio Marquina / Salvador « Salva » Martin, qqaren-as « Professeur »
*Paco Tous: Agustin Ramos, qqaren-as « Moscou »
*Pedro Alonso: Andrés de Fonollosa, qqaren-as « Berlin »
*Alba Flores: Agata Jimenez, qqaren-as « Nairobi »
*Miguel Herrán: Anibal Cortés, qqaren-as « Rio »
*Jaime Lorente: Ricardo Ramos, qqaren-as « Denver »
*Esther Acebo: Monica Gaztambide, qqaren-as « Stockholm » 
*Enrique Arce: Arturo Roman
*Maria Pedraza : Alison Parker
*Darko Peric: Yashin Dasayev, qqaren-as « Helsinki »
*Roberto Garcia: Dimitri Mostovoi, qqaren-as « Oslo »
*Kiti Manver: Marivi, yemma-s n Raquel
*Rodrigo de la Serna: Martin « Palerme »
*Najwa Nimri : Alicia Sierra

## Ugar ɣef umazrar

### Iḥricen

## Iseɣwan
* Asmel web unsib n umazrar instcams
Imendi

**imendi** d tugawin yettwaẓẓun i wsexdem n ifsan-is deg wučči, imendiyen d učči yeččuren s ikaṛbuhidren, Deg kra n tmura timennernuyin imendiyen am taffeɣt d irden d ukbal ttilin d iferdisen igejdanen i yernan ɣef wučči n ufgan 

Akken daɣen yettili d asaɣur iy wuzaṭ
Taɣeṛdayt

**Taɣeṛdayt** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Muridae*) d tawacult n iɣersiwen imsuṭad yeṭṭafaren tafesna n temseɣẓaẓ dges ugar n 1100 n telmas, Deg tewsitin-is yella iɣeṛdayen, iɣuliyen d idwiyen 

## [[Adu-twacult|Tidu-twaculin]] ur nengir

* Tiɣulidṭin (Assaɣ ussnan: *Sigmodontinae*)
* Tiɣṛdaklasin (Assaɣ ussnan: *Calomyscinae*)
* Timaklasin (Assaɣ ussnan: *Cricetinae*)

## [[Adu-twacult|Tidu-twaculin]] i [[angar|negren]]

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Idwi

**Idwi** d aɣersiw amseɣẓaẓ id yettgin amur ameqran n twacult n tidwin, idwi d aɣersiw asuṭad amseɣẓaẓ yettidiren g tneẓruft n Tefrikt n ugafa d Asya, inetteg acku ila (yesɛa) iṭarren ɣezzifen

## Tudert
Idwi yezmer ad yidir alamma d 6 n iseggasen 

## Učči
Idwi iy tett imɣan d izunzar d iburɣas n iden yettilin zdat n tmezduɣt-is 

## Amyaraw
Tawtemt n idwi tettarew snat n tikkal deg unebdu deg yal tikkelt tettarew gar n 2 ar 6 n imumden, tadist-is tettaṭaf gar n 25 ar 35 n wussan 

## [[Tasartut n tesnudert|Asismel]]

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Tidwin

**Tidwin** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Dipodidae*) d tawacult n temseɣẓaẓ yettidiren deg tneẓrufin aladɣa deg tneẓruft tameqrant d Tzunegzirt taserɣint 

## Aglam
Tiddi-ynes tettili gar n 13 ar 25 cm, ini-ynes d aras am wakal n tniri 

## Amyaraw
Tiwetmin n idwi ɣɣazen-t inga s ddaw n tegnit s wazal n 40 ar 75 cm i tuffra n wučči d umyaraw anda tessrusay imumden-is i 5 n imalasen

## Asismel

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Idwi
Aɣuli

**Aɣuli** (**[[Assaɣ ussnan]]**: *Rattus*), (yettwassen s **ṭṭubba**) d tawsit n temseɣẓaẓ dgi llan-t 50 n telmas, Dɣa d aɣul iy meqqren ɣef uɣerda s wezgen n ukilu (kg) 

Akken i llan-t dges telmas d timegrudin iy zemren ad idiren deg wexxam yakk d ufgan

## Aṭṭanen

## [[Talmest|Tilmas]]
* Aɣuli aberkan
* Aɣuli aras

## Aglam

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Itbir (tawsit)

**Itbir** neɣ **Atbir** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Columba*) d tawsit n iylalen yettidiren deg waṭas n yidgan dges tagrawt n tetbirin s wadduden yemgaraden seg tlemmast ar tmeqrant

## Aglam

## Tilmas
* Itbir n uẓru
* Tadrarat (*Columba oenas*)
* Itbir n wedfel (*Columba leuconota*)
* Itbir n tagant (*Columba palumbus*)

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Tiqebqabin

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Cylamen africanum
*Isem-is s tefransist: Cyclamen africain
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac
Tisemlelt

## Tilmas
* Tafsent — (*Salix alba*)
* Isemlel ademdam — (*Salix acutifolia*)
* Isemlel amazag — (*Salix alaxensis*)

## Tiwlafin n telmas
)]]

## Tisemlelt deg yidles

## Ẓeṛ daɣen

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Salix Alba, Salix
*Isem-is s tefransist: Saule blanc, Osier, Saules
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt:
Tadmut

**Tadmut** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Eudorcas rufifrons*) d talmest n ttmlalin yettidiren seg Sinigal ar Atyupya deg tlemmast n Tefriqt 

## Aglam

## Amyaraw

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Agilya

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Aquilegia vulgaris 
*Isem-is s tefransist: Ancolie commune
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Aqilya, Tawnuct
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Titbirin

**Titbirin** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Columbidae*) d tawacult n iylalen dgi llan-t waṭas n tewsitin d telmas, llan-t kra n telmas yessegred wemdan yessxdem i tuzna n tebratin am itbir iminig

## Aglam

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Itbir
* Aylal
* Aberni
Izem n idurar

**Izem n idurar** neɣ **Akugaṛ** neɣ **Aɣilas n Marikan** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Puma concolor*) d aɣersiw yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tserɣuda yettidir deg Temrikt n ugafa d wenẓul seg Yukun deg ugafa ar idurar n Anden deg wenẓul, Izem n idurar d win i yzemren ad yessezgi ɣef anect-a i yettidir deg yal ideg deg umenẓaw n Marikan, Ɣas akken izem n idurar meqqer maca yettusismel seg tserɣuda timeẓyanin 

Izem n idurar d aɣersiw anegmar, igemmer aṭas n telmas aladɣa timesfenza am izerzer d alpaka d umezzirez d udad n Kanada

## Asismel

**[[Tadfert|Tidefrin]]**

Llant 7 n tdefrin n izem n idurar, 5 deg-sent ttidiren-t deg Tamrikt Talatint:

**Izem n idurar n Arjentin** (*Puma concolor cabrerae*)

**Izem n idurar n Kusta Rika**  (*Puma concolor costaricensis*)

## Aglam
Tafekka n izem n idurar d tusdidt (turqiqt), iga d aserɣud wis kuẓ (4) deg ubleɣ, Teɣzi n uwtem (seg wanzaren-is ar usallaf-is) yettawaṭ ar 2,4 m ma d [tawtemt]] yettawaṭ ar 2,05, ma d teɣzi n usallaf i yman-is yettili-d gar n 63 ar 95 cm, azuk n uwtem yettili gar n 43 ar 100 kg ma d tawtemt gar n 29 ar 64 kg 

## [[Addad n taggaẓt]]
Tiddukla tagreɣlant i taggaẓt n tgama (IUCN) yessismil izem n idurar yakk d iɣersiwen ur tettwaggez

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Assezgi

**Assezgi** neɣ **Azgay** deg tesnudert d tamhalt tanamhazt dgi ittuɣalen imuddiren mmezgan u nnumen akken iwata i tudert deg twennaṭin-is, Irem n ussegzi d win yettilin daɣen d taskant m tiremt tawurant deg umezruy n tudert n umuddir tettwaggaẓ yerna tennefli s ufran agaman 

## Tilmas

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Afran agaman
* Taskant
Taskant (tasnudert)

**Taskant** (s Teglizit: *Phenotypic trair*) d tugna yemgaraden i kra n iylan umanawen i umuddir iy zemren ad yettwaglun s utari neɣ s twennaṭ neɣ di snat yedsent. Amdya, ini n wallen d ayla taskant. Ma d ini n wallen azegzaw neɣ aras neɣ azegza d taskant

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Afran agaman
* Assezgi
Tumanawt

**Tumanawt** (s Teglizit: *phenotype*) d asileɣ agmaḍan asengam i umuddir, Tuwmanawt d tagrawt n teskanin d iylanen isengamen n umuddir am usileɣ-is d gemmu-ynes d iylan-is ikruranen d tumanin-is yakk d tikeliwin-is d Ifarisen n tkeliwin-is (am isekkiwen n yigḍaḍ).

## Kra n imrayen deg tbadut d usenmel

## Amgarad deg tumanawt

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Asukkes
* Tamhazt tacubrant
Amemmay

**Amemmay uṛumi** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Tamarix gallica**) d yiwet n telmest n yimɣan yeṭṭafaren tawsit n umemmay.

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Tamarix Gallica
*Isem-is s tefransist: Tamaris
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Aḥammam
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Ajilban n yezrem

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Vicia sativa, Lathyrus versus
*Isem-is s tefransist: Vesce commune, Gesse printanière
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Aḥbac
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Tiserɣuda

**Tiserɣuda** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Felidae*) d tawacult n iɣersiwen isuṭad dgi llan-t waṭas n telmas am yizmawen d iɣilasen d imayasen d yemcac d izem n idurar d waṭas n telmas n iden

## Tamhazt
Tawacult-a d yiwet gar 9 n twaculin id yettgin tafesna n temseksumin, dɣa tiserɣuda timezwura (Proailurus) banent-d deg tallit taneggart n uligucen d miucen n zik

## Iylan n tfekka

## Isismilen
Tawacult n tserɣda d tin dgi llan-t 3 n tdu-twaculin:

* Taserɣudt (Assaɣ ussnan: *Felinae*)
* Taɣilast (Assaɣ ussnan: *Pantherinae*) 
* Machairodontinae: (Assaɣ ussnan: *Machairodontinae*) (tenger

Akken i ttidiren 41 n telmas yettwassenen deg umadal, kkan-t-d yakk seg yiwen n uẓar amezday send n 10,8 n imelyan n iseggasen, Dɣa aẓaṛ-a Yelfa-d deg Asya sin akin yedda ar tamiwin d imenẓawen n iden n tegnit 

Dɣa amcic n wexxam d amedya igerrzen ɣef tserɣuda timegrudin ar ufgan acku yeqqen yid-s seg igimen (luluf) n iseggasen aya 

Seg tiserɣuda timeqranin yettwassnen yella yizem d uɣilas d uksel d uyagwar d izem n idurar d umayas 

Ma d tserɣda timnummsanin llan-t awdan d tawurta (s telmas-is Tawurta n Spanya, Tawurta tazeggaɣt...) d uzdal d umcic aneslam 

Akken i llan-t tserɣuda timeẓyaninam umcic n wexxam d ubeṛṛay d ureksim d umcic n tagant d umcic n Pallas

* Adu-twacult n Taɣilast
** Aɣilas (tawsit)
*** Aɣilas
*** Izem
*** Aksil
*** Ayagwar
*** Aɣilas n Zanzibar
** Tawsit n tserɣuda timaynutin
*** Aɣilas imsegnew
*** Aɣilas n Burnyu imsegnew
** Tawsit n uɣilas n wedfel
*** Aɣilas n wedfel

* Adu-twacult n temcict
** Tawsit n tmeskacbarin
*** Amayas
** Tawsit n izem n idurar
*** Izem n idurar
*** Ajagwarundi
** Tawsit n amcic uwṛiɣ n Tefriqt
*** Amcic uwraɣ
** Tawsit n Amcic n Pallas
*** Amcic n Pallas
** Tawsit n pardofelis
*** Amcic amellus
** Tawsit n twurta
*** Tawurta n Kanada
*** Tawurta n Urasya
*** Tawurta tazeggaɣt
*** Tawurta n Spanya 
** Tawsit n uzdal
*** Azdal
** Tawsit n uwdan
*** Awdan
** Tawsit n Amecjegwer
*** Amcic uwraɣ n Asya
*** Amcic n Buṛnyu
** Tawsit n Amcic (tawsit)
*** Amcic
*** Abeṛṛay
*** Areksim
*** Amcic n tagant

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Areksim
* Amcic
Asladan

## Tilmas

 

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Stellaria media
*Isem-is s tefransist: Morgeline
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit:
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Aẓberbur n wuccen

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Dioscorea communis
*Isem-is s tefransist: Tamier commun
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Ttemimun, Telmimun
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Azumbay

**Azumbay** neɣ **Tayda uzumba** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Pinus halepensis**) d talmest n yisekla n tkawsaranin yeṭṭafaren tawsit n tayda di twacult n taydiwin.

## Aglam

## Tiskanin

## Ideggan n wemɣay

## Aylanen d usemres

## Azal n uzumbay deg twennaṭ

## Deg tdamsa

## Tiwlafin

## Ẓeṛ daɣen

## Tiwelhiwin
Tamɣast

**Tamɣast** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Tribulus**) d tawsit  imagnulanen yeṭṭafaren tawacult n talliẓin. Tilmas n tewsit-a ttemɣayen-tt-d g inezwa d wakalen yemgaraden deg waṭas n ideggan n umadal. Talmest yettwassnen yakk deg tewsit-a d Tamɣast tinegnit 

## Umuɣ n telmas

## Tiwlafin n telmas
*

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Aksil (aɣersiw)

**Aksil** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Panthera tigris*) d aɣersiw asuṭad amseksum meqqren s waṭas yeṭṭafar tawacult n tserɣuda, Dɣa d netta ig meqren yakk deg twacult-is, Azunmenẓaw n Lhend d tamurt-is taẓaṛant anda i ttidiren wazal n 80% n iksilen n umadal, Aksil yettidir deg tẓegwa d tegnatin n tuga acku aglem-is imzerreg yettalel-it deg usengel (tuffra) i wakken ad tegmer tigemrawin-is yettazalen ugar-is, Aksil d amcic iy keccmen ar waman deg wussan n wezɣal ɣas akken ur yessin ara ad yerdeb am uyagwar

## Agmar
Aksil d aɣersiw amyiwen igemmer iɣersiwen imstugen imeqranen neɣ imnummsen n ubleɣ am izerzer d yilfan d imugayen n waman

Afgan d amihi agejdan iy tteggzen Aksil, acku igemmer Talmest-a s tuget i wakken ad yawi alemsir-is d yiɣsan-is yettwarna ɣef wannect-a agzam n tẓegwa iy ǧǧan ad yirẓ (ad yexser) idgan n tmezduɣt-i

## Tugdudin d yidgan n tudert
Amdan n iksilen d win yudren s waṭas, acku send n tsut llan ttidiren wazal n 100,000 n iksilen deg tɣennawt (lexlawi) maca tura uɣalen anagar 5,000 kan n iqerruyen deg telmest-a, ɣef wannect-a yessers-it Umuɣ azeggaɣ n IUCN d talmest yettwaggzen s umihi wengar 

Azal ameqran n iksilen ttidiren deg usamar d uneẓul n Asya 

## Aglam
Tiɣzi n weksil tettawaṭ ar 4 m (s uqeṛṛuy d tfekka d usallaf), yettazen alamma d 300 kg ayen yegdan azuk n kra n tserɣuda inegren. Aksil d aɣersiw yettnamayen s waṭas acku tettidir seg Tayga deg Sibirya alamma d tegnatin n tuga deg Lhend 

## [[Tadfert|Tidefrin]]

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Aɣilas n Amur
* Aɣilas
Asengel

**Asengel** d aseqdec n ifecka d initen d tafat i twaffra i turrit n iɣersiwen d tɣawsiwin ur ttwaẓrent ara neɣ i twaffra ynes yakk.
Ardab

**Ardab** d yiwen n wadda immezdin s waṭas s ɣur n inaddalen acku tettak-asen-d asedhew d urmid 

Ardab d amussu d uwliwel n imidduren deg waman war tiddit deg tiggi n waman, Amezruy n urdab d win yettuɣalen ar ugar n 10,000 n iseggasen, Maca anerdab amezwar agensas yettwaldin yakk yella-d aseggas n 1828 

## Akaten igreɣlanen n inerdaben

## Tirrayin n urdab

## imihiyen n urdab
Ayagwar

**Ayagwar** neɣ **Aɣilas n Marikan** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Panthera onca*) d yiwen n userɣd ameqran yeṭṭafaren tawsit n uɣilas d ugensas amyiwen i tewsit-a deg Temrikt, Ayagwar d aserɣud ameqran wis 3 seld n uksel d yizem.

## Idgan n tudert
Yettidir seg Miksik deg d yakk Marikan talemmast alamma d Paragway d ugafa n Arjentin, Zik nni tamezduɣt-is Tella tettawaṭ ar uneẓul n Marikan maca tura yenger deg tamiwin nni anagar kra n tegdudin id yegran seg Ariẓuna.

## Aglam
Ayagwar d aɣersiw meqren yakk deg umenẓaw n Marikan, Azuk-is yettili gar n 56 ar 96 kg akken id ufan imusnawen kra n twetmin yegdan azuk n yizmawen d yiksilen s wazuk yewwṭen ar 160 kg.

## [[Tasensartut|Asismel]]
Tiddukla tagreɣlant i taggaẓt n tgama tessismil ayagwar d akken-it d talmest yudsen ar umihi n wengar acku amdan-is yettedrus (yettenqas) ɣef waṭas n tmentilin (ssebbat) am tirẓi n yidgan n tudert-is d wegmar s yifasen n yemdanen.

## Tasartut d temhazt

## Ayagwar deg yidles alsan

## Taggaẓt n telmest
Azdal (aɣersiw)

**Azdal** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Leptailurus serval**) d aɣersiw yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tserɣuda yettidiren deg Tefrikt dɣa yettili-d s waṭas i uwdan d umcic uwṛiɣ.

## Aglam
Tiddi n uzdal d tin yettiwṭen ar 85 cm s tmerniwt n 40 cm i wsallaf-is ma d addud-is ar tuyat yettawaṭ ar ugar n 50 cm, Azuk-is yettili gar n 9 kg ar 20 kg, Tafekka n uzdal d tusdidt iṭarren-is d ummiden (kemmil-it), asallaf-is meẓẓiy  Azdal  yettidir gar n 12 ar 20 n iseggasen.

## Tudert
Azdal yettidir deg izaɣaren anda tella tuga s tuget akken i yesri (yuḥwag) iɣbula n waman ɣef wanect-a ur yettidir ara deg tneẓrufin neɣ izaɣaren ikkawen 
Amdan n wezdal d win iddersen (ineqsen) s waṭas ɣef tmentilt n ugmar-is s ufus n ifganen maca ila (yesɛ) asaduf n taggaẓt deg tmura anda yettidir, yettwasismel s ɣur Amsisi agreɣlan i tegdelt n tnezzut s telmas yettwaggzen d akken-it d talmest ur nettwaggez s umihi n wengar Tura. Maca yezmer ad tettwaggez ma ur sbdedn ara tanezzut n weglim-is.

## [[Tadfert|Tidefrin]]
Llan-t wazal n 18 n tdefrin n wezdal: 

## Ansayen d [[Amyaraw|umyaraw]]
Ɣas akken azdal d amazzag deg wegmar n temseɣẓaẓ maca iga d agemraw amruri acku iy tett ula d igtal, iylalen, Akawka n yiẓra, timraradin d iburɣas

## [[Agrad]] n uzdal

## Azdal deg yidles alsan

## Ẓeṛ daɣen

* Amcic
* Tiserɣuda
* Aɣilas
* Awdan
Amsisi agreɣlan i tegdelt n tnezzut s telmas yettwaggzen

**Amsisi agreɣlan i tegdelt n tnezzut s telmas yettwaggzen** (**CITES**) tettwassen daɣen s **Amsisi n Washington** acku tettwasenyi deg Washington deg 3 Meɣres 1973, d ameskan agreɣlan yezzin ɣef telmas n yimɣan d iɣersiwen seg umihi n wengar 

## Tilmas yellan s ddaw n taggaẓt n CITES

## Anagraw n tnezzut

## Ẓeṛ daɣen

* Umuɣ azeggaɣ n IUCN 
* Tiddukla tagreɣlant i taggaẓt n tgama
* Talmest ur tettwaggez
Lḥeǧra Zzerga

**Lḥeǧra Zzerga** (s teqbaylit: Tazrutt tazegzawt) d yiwwet n tɣiwant i yellan deg twilayt n Tubiret, Lezzayer.
Tawilayt n Burǧ Buɛririǧ

**Tawilayt n Burǧ Buɛririǧ** (s tefrensist : Wilaya de Bordj Bou Arreridj, s taɛrabt: ولاية) d Tawilayt tis 34 deg tmurt n Lezzayer, aṭas seg yimezdaɣ-ines d iqbayliyen, tella tettekki ɣer tnebḍit tis III deg ṭṭrad mgal Fransa. Tawilayt-a tebḍa ɣef 10 n tdayriwin:

## Timselɣa