Tinaɣlalin

**Tinaɣlalin** (isem ussnan: **Vertebrata**) d ad-wadur n iɣersiwen ilan (yesɛan) ajgu n uzagur d uqecṛuṛ. Adu-wdur ayi d win yeṭṭfen amur ameqqran n telmas n wadur n tmzukar s wazal n 64,000 n telmas yettugelmen (yettuweṣfen). Ibelɣen n tnaɣlalin d wid igan d imeẓyanen am yigra (talmest n Paedophryne amauensis) s webleɣ n 7,7 mm, alamma d imeqqran deg-sen yakk (tizmekt tazegzawt), s webleɣ yugaren 33 m. Tinaɣlalin sgensisent-d azal n 4% n telmas iɣersiwen iy mazalen ddren, ma d ayen i d-yegran gant d tiraɣlalin ur nli ara (ur nesɛi ara) ajgu n uzagur. Amur ameqran n tnaɣlalin lant ajgu n uzagur yebnan ɣef tegrawt n yiɣsan, isem-it-sen tiɣlalin, maca llant kra n telmas ur lint ara ajgu n uzagur n yiɣess. Amedya, ɣer uweqqas, yerna ajgu-ynes n uzagur d win igebren seg ugergis. Tinaɣlalin yakk lant tafekka d tazamalt (idis neɣ azgen ayeffus n tfekka-nsent yemmug am wezgen azelmaḍ). Tafekka n tnaɣlalin tebḍa ɣef yixef d igiger, yerna tinaɣlalin yettidiren deg tegnit (lqaɛa) lant iri d snat n tyuga n yirawen.

Tinaɣlalin gebrent seg tirɣesmarin d tinɣesmarin, igebren iselman ingergisen (am uweqqas d Tasewwant) d tɣesselmin d talmest tafurkan n tɣesselmin yettwassnen s yisem n tidkesman n irawen igebbren tikuẓdarin (tikelmanin, timsuṭaṭ d yigṭaṭ).

## Amezruy
Tneɣlalin timenzuyin banent-d deg aterḍeq Akambri send n 518 n imelyan n iseggasen. Deg tallit n Uṛdufisyan neɣ tasiluṛt, nneflint-d tnaɣlalin iy ilan (yesɛan) iɣesmaren. Sin akin, Iselman iy lan iɣsan deg tallit tadivunt, s amek i d-banent tikelmanin timenzuyin deg wakal deg tallit takeṛbunit. Ma deg tallit tamakṛadt, banent-d temsuḍaḍ d idinuẓuren. Dɣa, igḍaḍ kkan-d seg yidinuẓuren deg tallit tallit tajuṛast. 

Aṭas n telmas n tnaɣlalin tmagarent-d asider (nniqsan) meqren seg useggas n 1970 s sebba n usmeskel anezway d ubluleɣ d yisemda n telmas timekcumin. 

## Asesmel
### Tasartut
Tinaɣlalin d amiḍran asenɣersaw n iɣersiwen ilan tiɣlalin. Tasartut-a issers-itt-id Georges Cuvier (*timsirin deg usemmili yettwasrewsen* deg 1805) yakk d Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (*inaw n walday n temsirin n iɣersiwen igraɣlalen* deg 1806).

### Asismel amiran
Asesmel aklasik n teslemgergisin (*Chondrichthyes*) yettumeggez d azuniran ɣer tmuɣli ɣer tikuẓdarin, ɣef wanecta ur yelli ara d asesmel asiman deg yisesmilen ifurkanen, maca yella deg yisesmilen imehzanen. Ɣas akken irem ayi yettusexdem tikwal deg tɣult n usesmil afurkan i wakken ad imel yakk tikuẓdarin d iselman imgergisen iklasiken. Ɣas akken imusnawen n usesmil ssemyafen isem akniw *[[Euteleostomi]]* ur nli ara turdiwin deg usenmel-ines.

### Umuɣ n [[asmil (tasnudert)|yismilen]] imiranen
S unect n ''ITIS'': 

* Ader-adur n Tirɣesmarin (*Agnatha*): 
** Tixfaylalɣatin - (*Cephalaspidomorphi*)
** Timxenzaz - (*Myxinidae*)
* Ader-adur n Tiɣesmarmawin (*Gnathostomata*): 
** Afel-smil d usmil n Tislemgergisin (*Chondrichthyes*) – iselman imgergisem (am iweqqasen, tisewwanin...) 
** Afel-smil n Tiqqerfriwin  (*Actinopterygii*) – iselman imaqquren n wafriwen: 
*** Tigergeɣsatin – (*Chondrostei*)
*** Tiskadranin – (*Cladistia*)
*** Tiɣsummidin – (*Holostei*)
*** Tineɣsatin – (*Teleostei*)
** Afel-smil n Tikesmfriwin (*Sarcopterygii*):
*** Timsennenurzutin – (*Coelacanthiformes*)
*** Ticcuɣmeslɣatin – (*Ceratodontimorpha*)
** Tikuẓdarin – (*Tetrapoda*):
*** Tikelmanin – (*Amphibia*) 
*** Igḍaḍ – (*Aves*) 
*** Timsuḍaḍ – (*Mammalia*).
*** Timraradin – (*Reptilia*)

S unect n Useklas Amaḍlan n Telmas Tiwlalin: 

* Ader-adur n Tirɣesmarin (*Agnatha*): 
** Tixfaylalɣatin - (*Cephalaspidomorphi*)
** Timxenzaz - (*Myxinidae*)
* Ader-adur n Tiɣesmarmawin (*Gnathostomata*): 
** Afel-smil n Iselman (*Pisces*);
*** Tiqqerfriwin  (*Actinopterygii*)
*** Timsennenurzutin – (*Coelacanthiformes*)
*** Ticcuɣmeslɣatin – (*Dipneusti*)
*** Tiseffilfuckin – (*Elasmobranchii*)
*** Tixfummidin – (*Holocephali*)
** Tikuẓdarin – (*Tetrapoda*):
*** Tikelmanin – (*Amphibia*) 
*** Igḍaḍ – (*Aves*) 
*** Timsuḍaḍ – (*Mammalia*).
*** Timraradin – (*Reptilia*)

### Tamhazt

## Ifrunen n unegmu [[aqziz|umgun]] ɣer tnaɣlalin

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tiraɣlalin