Nana Asma'u

Nana Asmaɛu neɣ Asma bint shehu Ousman dan Fodio (1793-1864) d tageldunt tafulanit, d tamedyazt, d taselmadt. D yelli-s n win ay d-yesbedden taselṭant n Sokoto, Shehu Ousman dan Fodio ed yiwet seg tlawin-nnes, Maimuna. Nana Asma’u tebda-d anabaḍ (système) n ussegmi i tlawin n Sokoto. Tettwassen daɣen imi tura aṭas n yidlisen d yiḍrisen iseklanen d yimusnawen. 

Ttwaḥesben-tt aṭas ass-a d amedya (lemtel) n tmeṭṭut tamesnallunt (intellectuelle) ed tmaziɣt deg umezruy n Yinselmen n Tefriqt yerna mazal-itt d amdan yesɛan azal deg ugafa n Nijirya

## Tasenudert
Nana Asmaɛu tlul-d azal n 1793. Ssemman-as Asmaɛu i lmend n usmekti n Asma bint Abu Bakr, yelli-s n umdakkel n Nnbi Muḥemmed, Abu Bakr As-Siddiq. Nana Asma tesɛa gma-s akniwen umi semman Hassan ay yemmuten deg 1817. Tamẓi-nnes teḍra-d deg tallit n ljihad n Ousman dan Fodio (1804-1808), d yiwen n uswir n yimenɣiyen ay d-yellan mgal tgeldiwin n Yiḥusayen. Deg tgara n Jihad, Ousmane dan Fodio yesbedd-d Tasultant n Sokoto, d tagelda (empire) tineslemt ay yesɛan tajumma n 400.000 n yikilumitren (km2), yerna tezga-d deg ugafa n Nijirya n wass-a. Nana Asmaɛu d yelli-s n Uselṭan amezwaru n Sokotu d weltma-s n Uselṭan wis sin, Muḥemmed Bellu. Tezweǧ d Gidadu b. Laima, yellan d tameddakelt d lwazir n Mohamed Bello i d-tesɛa yid-s xemsa warrac.

Nana Asmaɛu tuɣal d tanemhalt n gma-s asmi ay d-yeḍfer baba-tsen Ousman dan Fodio, tettneṣṣaḥ Mohammed Bello d wid ay t-id-yezzin deg wakk tallit n tgelda-nnes armi d asmi ay yemmut deg 1837, am wakken ay tettneṣṣaḥ yessetma-s Maryam d Fatima d tlawin sɣur Ousman dan Fodio, Aïsha d Hawwa. D tidet, seg 1805, tilawin n twacult n lxalifa qqlent sɛant azal meqqren yerna llant tturarent tamlilt tasertit yerna ttgent-d tiɣawsiwin tiseklanin deg Sokoto. Yekker-d deg twacult n yimusnawen ed yimusnawen inselmen, am watmaten-nnes Asmaɛu ay d-yewwin aselmed n Leqran s telqey. Ousman dan Fodio ed wid ay t-id-yeḍfer, ḍefren-d ansay n qadiriyya n Suffis, llan ttgen ccɣel-nsen akken ad bḍun tamussni, ladɣa Sunna, d aḍris ineslem ay d-yettmeslayen ɣef tudert n Nnbi Muḥemmed. Ɣur-sen, almud war aselmed ur yesɛi ara anamek, aya war ccek d yiwen seg yiferdisen ay d-yesskanayen ayɣer Nana Asma'u, ay d-yefrurxen deg tgemmi-a, tefka azal ameqran deg tudert-nnes akk i usselmed n tlawin. Am waṭas n yiɛeggalen n twacult-is, tuɣal daɣen d tameskart n tmedyazt.

## Tamyarut d tnesɣamut
Nana Asma’u tessawal 4 n tutlayin: taɛṛabt, tafulanit, taḥuṣit, d tamaṣ̣eqt yerna tessen idles yettwarun s taɛṛabt ed tmaziɣt. Teṭṭef aṭas n tbaḍniwin s tutlayin-a ed yemḍebbren imeqranen seg temdinin niḍen n txellift ed ula sdat-s. S yisem-nnes d tamesbaṭut tasertit n ccṛeɛ n Tgelda n Sokoto, tga-d aṭas n yiḍrisen ay yesɛan ccɣel-nsen, am tirawin niḍen ay d-ssuffɣen yiɛeggalen n Sokoto, d akken ad qqimen d abrid s talɣa n tmeẓdiyin (archives) i tsuta ay d-yetteddun n yemḍebbren. Sḍis n yixeddimen n Nana Asma, i tura deg tallit n 40 n yiseggasen, wwḍen-aɣ-d. Tessuffeɣ-d lḥir-is seg tmedyezt taɛrabt taqburt am wakken ay d-tessuffeɣ tizlatin tifulaniyin tiɣerfanin, dɣa d aya ay d-yesskanayen dakken ass-a, amur ameqran seg yisefra-nnes ttwarun s taɛṛabt, s tfulanit ed tḥusayt ay yettwarun s yisekkilen n taɛṛabt. Gar yixeddimen n Nana Asma, llant tmucuha n umezruy, tifelwiyin n tmedyazt, tifelwiyin n tmedyazt, tifelwiyin n lḥir d lewṣayat. Ttura-d aṭas n tmedyazin (élégies) aydeg tessemɣer leqdicat d tgemmi n baba-s. Tazlit-is tamezwarut yura-tt deg useggas n 1830, taneggarut deg useggas n 1865. Menɣir tira-nnes taseklant, Nana Asma tessuqel aṭas n yiḍrisen ɣer tutlayin niḍen war ma d taɛṛabt, gar-asen kra ay d-yura gma-s Mohammed Bello am: Kitàb al-Nisha ay d-yura deg 1836. Nnig waya, isefra-nnes ay d-yellan deg tlemmast n ussegmi n ddin ineslem uɣalen d allalen n uselmed n yimenzayen igejdanen n txellaft i yimezdaɣ. Imnadiyen n umezruy ttwalin dakken tira-nnes llant deg-sent s waṭas tgermanin ɣef tedyanin ay d-yellan deg tallit n ufares-nsent. Ɣef umedya (lemtel), deg 1821, tga-d yiwen n usefru s tfulanit umi semman Fa'inna ma'a a'sur yasuran mgal uqerru n Yituragiyen Ibra ay d-yesnekren tasultant-nni yerna tga-d daɣen yiwet n teqsiḍt n tmedyazt s uzwel n Wakar Gewaye ("asikel") ay yerzan ljihad . n baba-s.

## Aselmed n tlawin
Tasertit n ussegmi ay d-yettwawehhan i teqcicin, llant yakan Ousman dan Fodio ay tt-id-yesbedden. Daxel n twacult-is n lmuqedmin inselmen, yemma-s d tmeṭṭut-is llant d tilawin d imusnawen yeɣran. Ousman dan Fodio yeḥseb d akken yessefk ad ttwassiwḍen usselmed ed wazalen n ddin daxel n twacult, ladɣa s tlawin yerna ɣef waya ay yella d aɛessas n usselmed-nsent s usseḍru n wallalen ara ten-yeǧǧen ad ḍefren aselmed. Tilawin tifulaniyin ed tlawin seg tdukli (élite) n temdint, ladɣa tilawin yettwaḥeqren (tilawin yettwaferqen ɣef umedya) ttwaɛerḍent ladɣa akken ad ḍefrent iselmaden-a, Nana Asma u tessekcem-d tilawin-a deg tɣellist (sécurité) ed leqder s lekmal-nnes . Qbel lǧihad-nni, Ousmane dan Fodio yella yesselmad deg tɣiwanin n tnezzut (commerce) n Yiḥusayen, yerna aselmed-nnes ay ḍefren aṭas n medden, yella yeldi imir-nni i tlawin am wakken ay yeldi i yergazen. S rrbeḥ n tḥemliwin n ljihad ay d-yellan deffir 1808, yerna azal ay yettunefken i temsalt n usselmed n tmeṭṭut.

Daxel n tselṭanat, Nana Asmaɛu tella tettkel ɣef usselmed n tlawin. Tella tettḥulfu ladɣa s dduṛ n tlawin deg unabaḍ (lḥukuma) ed yizerfan-nsent daxel n tmetti tinselmit n Sokoto. Armi d aseggas n 1815, tefka-d aselmed deg uxxam-is, anda tezdeɣ nettat d wergaz-is d warraw-is, syin timliliyin ttilint deg uxxam aqbur n Ousmane dan Fodio, anda yella uẓekka-s. Kra kra, aselmed-nnes yewwi-d ccbaḥa d tameqrant yerna aṭas n tlawin seg temdinin ed tuddar niḍen ay d-yusan ɣer Sokoto akken ad lemdent. Nana Asma’u tesnulfa-d sakkin, azal n 1830, yiwen n ugraw n tlawin n yiselmaden umi semman jajiss, d tid ay yettɛeddayen deg wakk timnaḍin n txellaft akken ad sselmednt tilawin deg yixxamen n leqraya. Yal yiwen seg yijajiyen-a yella yettwabna ɣef leqdic n Nana Asma ed yimusnawen niḍen isufiyen, yerna mnemoniques-nsen tessefsay-d aḥezzeb , Nana Asma tefka i yijajiyen-nni yiwet n tɣawsa n zik ay d-yesskanayen lmuqedmin n Gobir ay d-yellan d aḥeqqi, yerna ttwaqqnen-tt s tɣawsa taberkant. Ijajiyen uɣalen d azamul n Uwanak amaynut, n lqanun amaynut, d uselmed n Lislam ula berra i tmettiyin n tlawin, tinselmin neɣ ur nelli d tinselmin.

Azal n 1850, tesnulfa-d daɣen amussu n Yan Taru ay d-yesnulfan, “tadukli”, isem-nnes yettmeslay-d ɣef yiwet n terbaɛt n tlawin ay yelmed akk d yiwen yerna ttgent-d yiwet n tdukli n tmeṭṭut yerna iswi-nnes d asselmed ed ussebɣes n tlawin n tgelda n Sokoto. Tilawin-a ilaq-asent ad ssiwḍent s ujemmal ɣer yiselmaden niḍen. Jajiss llan ttgen tikliwin-a n tlawin deg tallit n lḥejj. Tamesbanit n tlawin teddu mebla ma tella-d tmeṭṭut-is, tettcennu yerna tettkemmil deg berra. Amussu n Yan Taru yella yettwaḥrez ladɣa i teqcicin timeẓyanin d tlawin n leɛmer alemmas. Tilawin yezweǧen yesɛan izerfan n twacult ur ttekkant ara, maca ttakent-d lxir sɣur wid izemren ad awḍen din. Nana Asma’u tesseqdac lxir-agi i leqdic-is n lxir. Yan Taru mazal-itent d tiddukla n lḥejj n tlawin ass-a deg Sokoto.

## Agadar (ansay) amiran
Tagzemt n Nana Asma'u ur tettwasbedd kan ɣef yixeddimen-nnes iseklanen ed yimusnawen, wanag tettwasbedd daɣen ɣef dduṛ ay turar deg ussebded n wazalen n Tgelda n Sokoto. Ass-a, deg ugafa n Nijirya, tuddsiwin n tlawin tinselmin, iɣerbazen ed yimukan n temliliyin ttawint-d s waṭas isem-nnes. Udem n Nana Asma’u yuɣal-d deg uskasi anagdud ay d-yellan ɣef uskasi ɣef dduṛ n tmeṭṭut deg Lislam deg lqern wis XXe. D nettat ay d asentel n waṭas n tezrawin, ladɣa tin n Jean Boyd deg Weltma n Xalifa: Nana Asmaɛu 1793–1865: Taselmadt, Tamedyazt ed Temḍebbert Taslemt (1989). Ameskar yettwali azal n yiḍrisen-is i yessawḍen ad t-id-sbedden s waṭas n tmuɣliwin n tmeṭṭut deg umezruy afriqi. D nettat daɣen ay d-yellan d asentel n wedlis n Yiwet n Tmeṭṭut Ljihad: Nana Asmaɛu, Tamussnawt ed Tamarut n Beverly B. Mack ed Jean Boyd (2000). Axeddim n Yixeddimen yettwajemɛen n Nana Asma’u, Yelli-s n Usman dan Fodiyo 1793–1864, i d-ssuffɣen Boyd d Mack, yeffeɣ-d deg useggas n 1997. Aḍris seg udlis n Yiḍrisen n Aysha II n Nana Asma yettwasmel deg tmezgunt n tmedyazt Timaynutin n Tefriqt (2019). ) t-id-tessuffeɣ Margaret Busby. Deg 2019 lwali ay yellan d aselway n weɣlif n wakal d tnezduɣt deg Uwanak n Sokoto, Aminu Waziri Tambuwal, yefka-d akal i lebni n tesdawit n Tussniwin Tisnajyanin umi semman Tasdawit n Tussniwin Tisnajyanin n Nana Asma’u deg Sokoto ay d-tesfaydi Tdukli n Sultan.

## Tizmilin d yimniren


## Adriraw

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