open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Anagraw agraɣlan n tiynin

**Anagraw agraɣlan n tiynin** (s taglizit : *International System of Units*, s tafrensist : *Système International d’Unités*), qqaren-as s usewzel **SI** deg yal tutlayin, d anagraw n tiynin ed taẓayt, d talɣa atrar n .

## Tiynin ssexdamen-t deg SI
Anagraw agraɣlan n tiynin deg-s 7 n tiynin tidusalin, ayen i neṭṭaf-d deg tudert-nneɣ n yal ass ideg tella .

### Tiynin tidusalin

### Tiynin nniḍen

## Useqdec deg amaḍal
Tuget n timura sseqdacen tiynin n anagraw agraɣlan (SI), ala Iwunak Yeddukklen n Temrikt, Liberya ed Birmanya.
Tugna:Metrication by year map.svg|Iseggasen anda SI yettwaqbel deg yal tamurt.
Tugna:Metric and imperial systems (2019).svg|Timura sseqdacen SI deg 2019.


## Tizmilin
Kilugram

**Kilugram** (s taglizit : *kilogram*, s tafrensist : *kilogramme*), azamul-is (kg), d tigget tidusal n takura deg unagraw agraɣlan n tiynin.

## Tizmilin
Mitra

**Mitra** neɣ **Lmitra** neɣ daɣen **Amiter** (s taglizit : *metre* neɣ *meter*, s tafrensist : *mètre*), azamul-is (m), d tigget tidusal n teɣzi deg unagraw agraɣlan n tiynin.

## Isem
Isem-is yekka-d seg talatint : *metrum* ed seg tagrikt : *metron*, anamek-is d lkil.

## Tizmilin
Takurt n Uqecwal

**Takurt n uqecwal** (s taglizit : *basket-ball*), d addal yurar gar snat terbuyaε n 5 imyuraren, anda yal tarbaεt  ilaq ad asekcem takurt ɣer uqecwal n tarbaεt taxṣimt-is.

## Amezruy
Takurt n uqecwal i d-snulfan deg 1891, deg Iwunak Yeddukklen n Temrikt s *James A. Naismith*, d aselmad deg *Springfield College*.

## Tizmilin
Taǧ Maḥal

**Taǧ Maḥal** neɣ **Taj Maḥal**, d uẓekka bnan-t seg 1631, deg tamdint n Agra, deg agafa n lhend, i bnan-t s umenkad amuɣuli Cah Jahan, d uzaduɣ i mucaɛen akk deg lhend (akked 5 653 589 n yinerza d ahendi ed 878 777 n yinerza d abeṛṛani, deg 2018-2019), Taǧ Maḥal yekcem ɣar wumuɣ n  n UNESCO seg 1983.

Taj Maḥal d yiwet seg Sa n leεǧubat timaynutin n umaḍal.

## Tizmilin
Sa n leεǧubat timaynutin n umaḍal

**Sa n leɛǧubat timaynutin n umḍal** neɣ **Sebɛa n leɛǧubat timaynutin n umḍal** (s Taglizit : *Seven New Wonders*), d tawayt tebda-d seg 2000, i d-yextar gar 200 n umkanen imzazwaren, s lvuṭ deg Web ed asawal (SMS), lvuṭ-agi yessnulfat-id *New 7 Wonders Foundation (N7W)*, mya yimelyan n medden i ivuṭin, igemmaḍ n lvuṭ berrḥen deg ass n 7 yulyu 2007 (07/07/2007) deg Lisbun.

Deg 6 yulyu 2007, deg ulɣu n tɣamsa, Tuddsa n UNESCO teqqar-d belli ur tesɛi ara wassaɣ akked wumuɣ-nni. 

## Igmaḍ n lvuṭ

### Sa n leεǧubat timaynutin n umaḍal

### Imazwaren nniḍen

## Muqel daɣen

* Tigemmi tamaḍlant

## Tizmilin
Asebdad n Tlelli

**Asebdad n Tlelli** (s taglizit : *Statue of Liberty* neɣ *Liberty Enlightening the World*, s tafrensist : *Statue de la Liberté* neɣ *la Liberté éclairant le monde*), d asebdad agehguh tesɛa 93 n lmitrat deg asawen-is, Fransa tefka asebdad-nni i Marikan deg 1886. Asebdad n Tlelli yezga-d deg usagen n New York.

Imuhal n lebni n usebdad bdan deg 1875 deg Fransa akked tenmehla n asreqqat *Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi*, asebdad-nni yemmugen s *Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc* ed *Alexandre-Gustave Eiffel*.

Deg 1984, asebdad n Tlelli yekcem ɣar wumuɣ n  n UNESCO.

## Tizmilin
Lberǧ n Eiffel

**Lberǧ n Eiffel** (s tafrensist : *Tour Eiffel*), d lawan bnan-t s *Alexandre-Gustave Eiffel* deg 1889, ɣer Paris (Fransa), deg tagnit n meyya iseggasen n tagrawla tafṛansist n 1789. Lberǧ n Eiffel yesɛa 300 n lmitrat deg asawen-is.

## Tizmilin
Aya Sufya

**Aya Sufya** (s taṭerkit : *Ayasofya*, s talatint : *Sancta Sophia*), d taglisya taqburt n Istambul bnan-t deg lqern wis 6 s tenmehla n amenkad abizanṭi *Justinianus I*, Aya Sufya yettuɣal lǧameε seg 1453, am iɛetmaniyen kecmen ɣer tamdint n Istambul. Ardeqqal, yettuɣal usalay seg 1934. Deg 10 yulyu 2020, Aya Sufya yettuɣal lǧameε tikkelt nniḍen.

Aya Sufya yazga-d deg temnaḍt tamazrayt n Istambul, d  n UNESCO seg 1985.

## Tizmilin
Tanzanya

**Tanzanya** neɣ **Tagduda tedduklent n Tanzanya** (s taswaḥilit : *Tanzania*, s Taglizit : *Tanzania*), d tamurt n Tafrikt usamar ɣef ṭṭerf n Agaraw Ahendi deg unẓul n Izirig n usebges. Seg 1974, tamanaɣt-ynes *Dar es Salaam*, d tamdint meqqren ed usagen meqqren akk deg tamurt, tajumma n Tanzanya 947 313 km², tesɛa 67 462 121 n yimezdaɣ deg 2024.

## Tarakalt
Tanzanya tesɛa tilist akked Muzambik ed Malawi ɣer wenẓul, Zambya, Tagduda Tamegdayt n Kungu, Burundi ed Rwanda ɣer umalu, Uganda ed Kenya ɣer agafa ed akked Agaraw Ahendi ɣer usamar.

## Tizmilin
Piru

**Piru** neɣ **Tagduda n Piru** (s taspenyult : *Perú*), d tamurt n Tamrikt n Wenẓul, tamanaɣt-ynes d Lima, tajumma-ynes 1 285 000 km², deg 2019, Piru tesɛa  32 510 453 n yimezdaɣ.

## Tarakalt
Piru tesɛa tilist akked Kulumbya ed Ikwadur ɣer agafa, Brazil ed Bolivia ɣer asamar, Cili ɣer wenẓul ed akked Agaraw Amelwi ɣer umalu.

## Tizmilin
Angkur Vat

**Angkur Vat** d afakan yezga-d zdat n tamdint n *Siĕm Réab* deg ugafa-umalu n Kambudya, bnan-t deg lqern wis 12 s tenmehla n ugellid n Angkur *Suryavarman II* ɣer yilluten ihendusiyen *Shiva*,*Brahma* ed *Vishnu*. Angkur Vat i d ufakan meqqren akk deg umaḍal akked ahat n 160 hikṭaṛen.

## Tizmilin
Ssuṛ ameqqran n Ccinwa

**Aɣṛab Aɣezfan n Ccinwa** (s tacinwant : 长城 *Cháng chéng*, anamek-is d Ssuṛ ameqqran), d leḥṣin bnan-t s amenkad amezwaru n Ccunwa *Qin Shi Huang* deg 220 uqbel ɛisa, ssuṛ-agi yezga-d deg agafa n Ccinwa ed wenẓul n Mungulya, taḍrist tɣezzifent n ssuṛ-nni i tella gar 1368 ed 1644 akked ahat n 8 850 km n teɣzi. **Aɣṛab Aɣezfan** bnan-t em anagraw n aḥuddu mgal yizdemen n ugafa.

Deg 1987, **Aɣṛab Aɣezfan** n Ccinwa yekcem ɣar wumuɣ n  n UNESCO, ed yettwaxtar-d em yiwet seg Sa n leεǧubat timaynutin n umaḍal.

## Tizmilin
Kolosyum

**Kolosyum** neɣ **Koliseum** neɣ **Amsiswar Aflavi** (s talatint : *Colosseum*, s taṭalyanit : *Colosseo*), d amsiswar ameqqren yezga-d deg Ṛuma, bnan-t deg tallit n umenkad arumani *Vespasianus Augustus* (gar 70 ed 72), Kolosyum yesεa uqus (ṛebεa) n wannagen ed yezmer ad yawi 50 000 neɣ 100 000 n yimferrjen.

Kolosyum sseqdacen ɣer imenɣan n imennaɣen (*gladiatores*), imennaɣen mgal iɣersiwen ed imenɣan n lebwabeṛ (*navalia proelia*).

Deg , yettuɣal taglisya, u d yiɣrem n snat n twaculin tarumanit *Frangipane* ed *Annibaldi*.

Deg 2007, Kolosyum yettwaxtar-d em yiwet seg Sa n leεǧubat timaynutin n umaḍal.

## Tizmilin
Tigemmi tamaḍlant

**Tigemmi tamaḍlant** neɣ **Adeg n tigemmi tamaḍlant** (s taglizit : *World Heritage*), d umkan ḥerzen s Tuddsa n yeɣlalen yedduklen i usegmi, tussna d yidles (UNESCO), em « azal anmeɣrad », ddaw umtawa (lmitaq) n uḥuddu n tigemmi adelsan ed agaman n umaḍal (deg 1972).

Llan kraḍ n leṣnaf n tigemmi tamaḍlant : adelsan, agaman ed sin-nni akken (adelsan ed agaman).

## Umuɣ n tigemmi tamaḍlant

Deg 2021, llan1154 n idegen n 167 n timura (897 adelsan, 218 agaman 39 adelsan ed agaman) win ijerrden em tigemmi tamaḍlant s UNESCO. Deg 2021 daɣen, Ṭṭelyan tesɛa amḍan ameqqran n tigemmi tamaḍlant (58),  t-ḍefren s Ccinwa (56), Lalman (51), Fransa (49), Spenyul (49) ed Lhend (40). 
Deg 2018,  

## Muqel daɣen

* Sa n leεǧubat timaynutin n umaḍal

## Tizmilin
Tizumag n Ǧiza

**Tizumag n Ǧiza** (s taɛrabt : أهرامات الجيزة) (2575-2465 uqbel ɛisa), d tizumag ttwabnan deg ugemmaḍ amalu n Nnil ɣer yiri n tamdint n Ǧiza deg agafa n Maṣer. Zik, tizumag-nni kecmen ɣar wumuɣ n Sa n leεǧubat n umaḍal. Deg 1979, tizumag n Ǧiza kecmen daɣen ɣar wumuɣ n tigemmi tamaḍlant n UNESCO, akked tamdint n *Memfis* (tamanaɣt taqburt n Maṣer tagelsant).

## Tizmilin
Tzamugt (tasegda)

**Tzamugt**, deg tasegda, d lebni bnan-t n yiẓra neɣ tiyajurin, i yesɛa llsas aserman, amkuẓ neɣ akerdis ed wudmawen ikerdisen, wid ad yejmaɛen ɣer tqacuct.

## Tugniwin

Tugna:Archaeological Sites of the Island of Meroe-114973.jpg|Tizumag n Sudan.
Tugna:Louvre Pyramid (Unsplash).jpg|Tzamugt n *Lluvr* Paris (Fransa).
Tugna:All Gizah Pyramids - Cropped Version.jpg|Tizumag n Maṣer.
Tugna:Pyramid of cestius.jpg|Tzamugt n *Sestius* deg Ṛuma.
Tugna:Luxor Hotel.jpg|Tzamugt n asensu n Las Vegas (Iwunak Yeddukklen n Temrikt).


## Muqel daɣen

* Tizumag n Ǧiza
* Berǧ 

## Tizmilin
Ṭṭrad

**Ṭṭrad** d ccwal gar sin neɣ ugar n sin n timura, yiwunak, igrawen yinmettiyen, neɣ medden, akked neɣ war yimrigen. Deg unamek aɣerfan, ṭtrad d ccwal gar igrawen yisertanen deg-s tiεdawit tameqqerant i ttidirent aṭas.

## Muqel daɣen

* Talwit
* Ṭṭraḍ aɣarim

## Tizmilin
Tesfift n wunuɣen

**Tesfift n wunuɣen** (s tafrensist : *Bande dessinée*, s taglizit : *Comics*), d taṣekka sqedcent tugniwin (machi d tewlafin), s umata, d wunuɣen, imuggen am tullma.

## Laṣel-is
Deg Turuft, tesfift n wunuɣen tekka-d seg Taswist, anda *Rodolphe Töpffer* yexdem tiqsiḍin akked tugniwin  seg 1827.

## Tizmilin
Talwit

**Talwit** d tagnit anda tamurt, ugdud neɣ awanak ur yella ara deg ṭṭrad, anamek-is daɣen d uneḥbus n ṭṭrad gar sin neɣ ugar n sin n yicenga.

## Ass agreɣlan n talwit
Deg 1981, Tuddsa n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen tesnulfa-d ass agreɣlan n talwit. Ass agreɣlan n tawlit sfugulen deg 21 ctember yal assegas deg umaḍal akk.

## Muqel daɣen

* Arraz n Nobel i telwit

## Tizmilin
ISBN

**ISBN** d asewzel n **International Standard Book Number** s taglizit, (Uṭṭun Agraɣlan n Adlis) d angal n 10 neɣ 13 izwilen ad ţwaɛeqlen adlis. ISBN-agi yeffeɣ-d seg .

Seg 1970, yal adlis yesɛa wuṭṭun-is n ISBN. Deg 2007, uṭṭun n ISBN yettuɣal akked 13 izwilen deg ayen ara 10. 

Deg 2017, ISBN ssexdamen-t deg ugar n 160 n timura. Deg Lezzayer, tella Tangit Tazzayrit n ISBN (s Tafrensist : *Agence algérienne de l'ISBN*), tangit tamasayt n ISBN deg tamurt-agi, tezgad deg , deg Lezzayer (tamanaɣt).

## Iferdisen n ISBN

Angal n ISBN deg-s 5 n iferdisen-agi :

* Angal n GS1 (EAN) : angal n EAN neɣ IAN n zik, asefrid amezwaru n ISBN deg-s 3 n izwilen. Deg 2017, llan uṭṭun n 978 ed 979 (izmer ad d-ternuḍ izwilen nniḍen deg imal).
* Angal n wegraw (Group) : d tamurt, temnaḍt neɣ temnaḍt tasnilsant (i d-tettekka deg ISBN).
* Angal n umaẓṛag (Publisher).
* Angal n adlis (Tittle) : azwel neɣ isem n adlis.
* Azwil ad k-sεeddin (Check digit) : asefrid aneggaru n ISBN deg-s 1 uzwil.

### Amedya

## Tizmilin
Agestur

**Agestur** d amrig n afus, deg-s lmus n asin akked tafuset, agestut ɣezzifen ɣef tajenwitt.

## Tugniwin

Tugna:Middelaldersværd.jpg|Igesturen n .
Tugna:Long Flissa (83cm).png|Iflis n Tamurt n Leqbayel (gar lqern wis 19 ed lqern wis 20).
Tugna:Hand and a Half Sword MET DP-15647-004.jpg|Agester n Turuft.
Tugna:India, 18th-19th Century - Silapa Sword with Green Leather Case. - 1930.705 - Cleveland Museum of Art.tif|Agester n Azunmenẓaw n Lhend  (gar lqern wis 18 ed lqern wis 19).


## Tizmilin
Cemsi

**Cemsi** d tagellidt tamaziɣt tazwawit i yeḥekmen adrum n Wat Yiraten deg tallit n tasut tis 14t deg tmurt n Leqbayel.

## Amezruy
Yebder itt-id Ibn Xeldun deg udlis-is mi d-yemmeslay ɣef ugeldun "Lamir Abu Ɛebd Reḥman", id-irewlenseg umalu, seg tmurt n Lmeṛṛuk imi yexdeɛ inembaḍen imariniyen, yeddukel d Mǧahed yiwen n uqnembaḍ i as*-yefkan laman yeddukel yid-s, msefhamen ad ẓedmen ɣef temnaḍt n Mdiya imi tesɛa azal d ameqqran deg temnaḍt n umalu alemmas maca ur yesselḥeq ara ɣer yiswi-ines.

Ihi din din yerra ɣer udrum n Wat Yiraten i yellan deg wul n tmurt n yiqbayliyen, tagellidt i yellan ɣef uqerru n udrum tefka-as laman, imiren tawacult n Wat Ɛebd Ṣamad steɛrefen s leḥkem n ugeldun yessawalen ɣer tɛessabt, imi yuweḍ-iten-id wanaḍ seg lalla-nsen. Kra umnen s tuɣaltin n ugldun ɣer tudert kra nekren. Abu Ɛebd Reḥman ifaq kan tuɣal-a-d tezmert d lǧehd yeǧǧa At Yiraten i t-iḥudden, imiren faqen belli win i llan ttḥuddun-t yexdeɛ-iten.

Ardekal n tedyant-a ur neẓri d acu yeḍran i Cemsi.
Taganza (tasegda)

**Taganza** neɣ **Qus** (asget : tganziwin), d aferdis n tasegda talɣa-s tekna, bnan-t n yiẓra, tiyajurin, ubiṭun, anfed neɣ usɣaṛ, sseqdacen akken ad yezger tajumma (tameqqrent neɣ tamecṭuḥt) neɣ ad tsenned lebni εlayen.

## Amezruy
Taganza tettwaseqdac seg tallit n Maṣer ed Legrik igelsanen. Taganza n azgen-tawinest tettwaseqdac yal ass seg tallit tarumanit alamma lqern wis 11. Syin d asawen, taganza-nni temhez ar aṭas n talɣiwin (deg  d taleslalit). 

## Talɣiwin n tganziwin
Llan aṭas n talɣiwin n tganziwin, deg-sen yella :
Tugna:Rundbåge.png|Azgen-tawinest.
Tugna:Segmentbåge.png|Amecṭuḥ ɣef uzgen-tawinest.
Tugna:Spetsbåge.png|Taganza taguṭit.
Tugna:Skulderbåge.png|Tuyat sebḍent.
Tugna:Trepassbåge.png|Lkeffis (Ikeffis).
Tugna:Hästskobåge.png|Tasmirt.
Tugna:Ellipsbåge.png|Taglayant (aglay).
Tugna:Tudorbåge.png|Taganza n *Tudor*.


## Tugniwin

Tugna:Arc de triomphe frontsimple.jpg|Tganza n Wallak deg Paris.
Tugna:ArcoDoTriunfoLisboa1.JPG|Tganza n Wallak deg Lisbuna.
Tugna:Ota Pt1aJPG.jpg|Tganza n tasukka deg Kursika.
Tugna:Arc de triomphe de Trajan.jpg|Tganza n Trajan deg Timgad.
Tugna:Porte Caracalla - Tébessa باب كركلا - تبسة 2.jpg|Tabburt n Karakalla deg Tbessa.
Tugna:Porte sarazzine -bab el bahr iD06-011.jpg|Tabburt n lbḥar (yilel) deg Bgayet.
Tugna:Monument aux morts. Constantine. Mahieddine Boumendjel.jpg|Lawan n Qsenṭina.
Tugna:Djemila جميلة - panoramio (6).jpg|Tganza n Karakalla deg Ǧmila.


## Tizmilin
Berǧ (tasegda)

**Berǧ** d lebni εlayen s wassaɣ ɣer llsas-is, yezmer ad yella weḥd-s neɣ akked azaduɣ neɣ daɣen akked aɣrab.

## Leṣnaf
Llan aṭas n leṣnaf n lbruǧ deg-s : Berǧ taεessast, , Berǧ n ustan, Berǧ n aḥaṣer neɣ n uẓdam, atg.

## Tugniwin

Tugna:Leaning tower of pisa 2.jpg|Berǧ n Piza (Ṭṭelyan).
Tugna:Bigben2.jpg|Berǧ n *Big ben* deg London.
Tugna:Tokyo Skytree 2014 Ⅲ.jpg|Berǧ n Tokyo.
Tugna:Istanbul asv2020-02 img48 Galata Tower.jpg|Berǧ n Galata deg Istambul.
Tugna:071018ImresoltBurjDubai.jpg|Berǧ Xalifa deg Dubay.
Tugna:Tour Eiffel Wikimedia Commons (cropped).jpg|Lberǧ n Eiffel.


## Tizmilin
Anwar ibrahim

Dato' Siri **Anwar Ibrahim** (ilul deg 10 ɣuct 1947), d aneɣlaf amezwaru n Malizya seg 1993 ar 1998. Anwar Ibrahim yettwafren ula d aneɣlaf amenzu n Malaysia deg 25 wamber 2022.

Deg tazwara n umahil-is, yella yettwaqebbel sɣur uneɣlaf amatu n tikelt-nni, Mahathir Mohamad, maca ssya ɣer deffir, Anwar yuɣal yettwassen d anmegal ameqqran n tsertit-is.

Deg useggas 1999, yettwaḥkeṛ ɣer 6 n yiseggasen n lḥebs ɣef yiwet n temsalt i d-yessufɣen ccwal, deg useggas 2000 yettwaḥkeṛ ɣer 9 n yiseggasen nniḍen n lḥebs ɣef leḥsab n tnezzit akked yiwen n umsedyaz. Maca, deg useggas n 2004, Tazɣa Tameɣrawt n Malizya tessebleɛ taḥbult tis snat yerna yeffeɣ seg lḥebs mbeɛd 6 iseggasen.

Deg yulyu 2008, tettwaṭṭef ɣef ccekk belli tessexdem d umseqdac-is n 23 iseggasen. Deg mayyu 2018, mi yerbeḥ Mass Mahathir Mohamed deg tefranin, yefka-d awal i Mass Anwar Ibrahim ad t-yesemḥaseb deg tallit n zik. Taggara,n ayyur-a, Anwar Ibrahim yettwasemḥel sɣur unabaḍ n Malizya, akken ad yuɣal ɣer tasertit.
Asif n Helmand

**Asif n Helmend** (s taglizit : *Helmand*; s tlatinit : *Erymandrus*), d yiwen wasif i yellan gi twilayt n Helmend deg Afɣanistan, yettɣimi ɣer ugelmim n ḤHammun, d agelmim i d-yettɣimin gar Afɣanistan d Iran. Asif ameqqran Hermand d asif yesɛan aṭas n waman deg Afganistan d Asya, s wugar n 1100 n yikilumitren, d asawen i d-yettas s imelyaren n yimelyaṛen n yimetran n waman yal aseggas. Ihi, yettwaḥseb d asif i meqqren akk i d-yezgan gar Asif n Sindus d Asif n Fruta.
Iliktrunik

**Iliktrunik** neɣ **Taliktrunit**, d aḥric n tasengama yewwi-d tikli d isemda n ilikṭrunen akked allalen iliktrunikanen.

,  ed Asedfay d iferdisen n llsas n ṛṛadyu, tiliẓri ed aselkim.

## Amezruy
Almad n trisiti deg leqrun wis 18 d 19, i yeǧǧan usnerni n tnaεurin n trisiti. Amezruy n iliktrunik tebda ad tamhezt deg tagara n lqern wis 19 anda amesfizik agnizi *Sir Joseph John Thomson* isersen ulikṭrun ed  amesfizik amarikani *Robert Millikan* isersen aktili (leḥsab) n tirint n uliktrun.

## Iliktrunik deg tutlayin timaziɣin
Deg 2011, Asqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa yessiẓreg amawal n Taliktrutiknikt, Tafrensist-Tamaziɣt (*DICTIONNAIRE d‟électrotechnique Français-Tamazight*) tebna ɣef taqbaylit em tameslayt deg llsas, amawal-nni yesɛa ugar 3600 yisumuren n tikta n Taliktrutiknikt, ideg yella awal n iliktrunik (ELECTRONIQUE) akked yisumuren-nni : Tamesliktrunt / taliktunit neɣ Timezzeft.

## Tizmilin
Nipal

**Nipal** neɣ **Tagduda Tamegdayt Tafidiralit n Nipal**, d awanak yezga-d deg Idurar n Himalaya deg Asya n wenẓul. Tamanaɣt-is Katmandou, tajumma-is  140 000 km².

## Tarakalt
Nipal tezga-d tesɛa tilist akked Ccinwa ɣer agafa ed akked Lhend ɣer tuget n tilist nniḍen.

Tuget n tajumma n Nipal tezga-d deg Idurar n Himalaya, tamurt-agi tesɛa aahat n 250 tiqucac akked ugar n 7 000 n lmitrat (deg-s : Himalaya, Makalu, Dhaulagiri, Annapurna). Deg tilist n wenẓul n Nipal, tamurt-nni tesɛa tamenaḍt n uzaɣar.

## Annay n Nipal
Annay n Nipal d annay aɣelnaw kan deg umaḍal win talɣa-s maci aserman (neɣ amkuẓ).

 anamek-is d *Rhododendron* tajeǧǧigt taɣelnawt n Nipal, anamek-is daɣen trennawt d tabɣest.  anamek-is d talwit.

Sin-nni n ikerdisen anamek-is d Idurar n Himalaya, usɣan n tbudit ed tahendusit (isɣanen igejdanen n Nipal). Ayyur anamek-is d lehna n ugdud n Nipal ed usemmiḍ n Himalaya, ma yiṭij anamek-is d azɣal n timnaḍin n wadda deg Nipal.
Tugna:Flag of Nepal (19th century).svg|Annay n Nipal (lqern wis 19).
Tugna:Flag of Nepal (1856-c.1930).svg|Annay n Nipal (1856-1930).
Tugna:Flag of Nepal (1743–1962).svg|Annay n Nipal (1743-1962).
Tugna:Flag of Nepal.svg|Annay n Nipal.


## Tizmilin
Iẓariyen

**Iẓariyen** (/ˌæzərbaˈdʒɑ:ni/; (بالأذرية: Azərbaycan Türkleri), Azerbaycan) d tawsit yettmeslayen taṭurkit yettidiren s wudem ameqqran deg Tmurt n Azerbijan. Qqaren-asen ula iturkiyen n azarbayjan (Azərbaycan Türkləri) , zedɣen deg yiwen n wemkan ameqqran, yellan si Qquqaz ar Iran d imuslemen s waṭas, ɣur-sen agraw n yidles am win Iran, d win turkya d win quqaz.
Kazaxestan

**Kazaxestan** neɣ **Tagduda n Kazaxestan** (s tkazaxt : *Qazaqstan*, Қазақстан, /qɑzɑqˈstɑn/ ed *Qazaqstan Respublikasy*, s tarusit : Казахстан, *Kazakhstán*, /kɐzəxˈstɐn/ ed Республика Казахстан, *Respoublika Kazakhstán*), d awanak n Turuft Usamar ed Asya talemmast, d tamurt tis tẓa (tesɛa) i imeqqren deg umaḍal, tajumma-ynes 2 717 000 km². Tamanaɣt-ynes d Astana.

## Tarakalt
Kazaxestan tesɛa tilist akked Rusya ɣer agafa, Mungulya d Ccinwa ɣer usamar, Kirgizistan, Uzbakistan, Illel n Aral ed Turkmanistan ɣer wenẓul ed akked illel *Caspium* ɣer umalu.

## Tizmilin
Madagaskar

**Madagaskar** neɣ **Tagduda n Madagaskar** (s tamalgasit : *Madagasikara* neɣ *Repoblikan'i Madagasikara*, s tafrensist : *Madagascar* neɣ *République de Madagascar*), d awanak ed tegzirt n Tafrikt, tezga-d deg Agaraw Ahendi deg wenẓul-usamar n Tafrikt. Madagaskar d tegzirt tis uqus (rebɛa) i imeqqren deg umaḍal, tajumma-ynes 587 000 km². Tamanaɣt-ynes d Antananarivo.

## Tizmilin
Ṭṭrenǧ

**Ṭṭrenǧ** d yiwet seg uraren n telwiḥt mucaεit ed iqburen maḍi, d urar astratiji anda usamma ur yesεi ara tamlilt. Ṭṭrenǧ yurar gar snat yimyuraren, suffel telwiḥt tebḍa ɣef 64 n timkuẓin, yal amyurar yesɛa 16 n tisiway n urar (tiɣmiwin-ines maci kifkif, s umata; timellalin ed tiberkanin).

Amyurar i yesɛa tisiway n urar timellalin yebda urar, deffir wakken, yal amyurar iɛerreḍ ad nekkes tisiway tameqqrant n axṣim-is, *agellid*.

## Amezruy
Ṭṭrenǧ iban-d i tikelt tamezwarut deg lqern wis 6 deg Lhend. Seg lqern wis 10, i yenfufed deg Asya, Asamar alemmas ed Turuft. Seg lqern wis 15, ṭṭrenǧ yettwaḥseb em urar ageldan imi cciεa-is deg tinnubla. 

## Alɣuɣen n umaḍal n ṭṭrenǧ

## Ilugan n urar
Ṭṭrenǧ yurar deg telwiḥt tamkuẓt tebḍa ɣef 64 n timkuẓin, timkuẓin-nni sɛant snat tiɣmiwin : ṣfan em amellal neɣ awraɣ; ed tiɣmi nniḍen : yestulles em aberkan neɣ azegzaw.

### Imussuyen n tisiway n urar
Telwiḥt tamkuẓt n ṭṭrenǧ em umkan n umennuɣ, deg-s taredsa n yal amyurar ttnaɣen ad nekkes ugellid n uxṣim-is, taredsa n yal amyurar deg-s 16 n tisiway n urar. Deg ṭṭranǧ llan 6 leṣnaf n tisiway :

* **Agellid (♔, ♚)** : yal *agellid* yezmer yettembiwil akked yiwen amkuẓ deg ɣer yal tama.
* **Lberǧ (♖, ♜)** : yal amyurar yesɛa snat lebraǧ, *lberǧ*-nni yezmer yettembiwil akked 1-7 timkuẓin deg tanilat agi (⇆, ⇅).
* **Ilu (♗, ♝)** : yal amyurar yesɛa snat yiluten, *ilu* yezmer yettembiwil deg yal amkuẓ deg tanilat agi ( ↖ ↘ ↗ ↙).
* **Aneɣlaf / vizir (♕, ♛)** : yal amyurar yesɛa aneɣlaf, *aneɣlaf* yezmer yettembiwil em *Lberǧ* ed *ilu*. 
* **Amnay / aɛudiw (♘, ♞) **:  yal amyurar yesɛa snat imnayen / iεudiwen, *aɛudiw*-nni yezmer yettembiwil am isumal n usekkil L.
* **Aserdas (♙,♟)** : yal amyurar yesɛa 8 iserdasen, *asedas* yezmer yettembiwil akked yiwen amkuẓ ɣer zdat (snat deg tazwara n urar), ed ad yeṭṭfeɣ tisiway n axṣim-is deg tanilat (↖, ↗) akked yiwen amkuẓ.

Tugna:Alfil moves.png|Imussuyen n yilu (♗, ♝).
Tugna:Torre moves.png|Imussuyen n lberǧ (♖, ♜).
Tugna:Dama moves.png|Imussuyen n vizir/aneɣlaf (♕, ♛).
Tugna:Rei moves.png|Imussuyen n ugellid (♔, ♚).
Tugna:Cavall moves.png|Imussuyen n umnay/uεudiw (♘, ♞).
Tugna:Peo moves.png|Imussuyen n aserdas (♙,♟).


## Tizmilin


## Muqel daɣen

* Suduku
Donatello

**Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi** qqaren-as **Donatello**, illul deg 1386 ed yemmut ass n 13 duǧember 1466 deg Flurinsa, d asreqqat s rrxam d azureɣ, d yiwen seg isreqqaten meqqren n Ṭṭelyan deg Taleslalit.

## Muqel daɣen

* Leonardo da Vinci

## Tizmilin
Pisa

**Piza** (s taṭalyanit : *Pisa* (asusru )), d tamdint n Ṭṭelyan, d tamanaɣt n tamnaḍt n Piza, tezga-d deg ahat n 80 km deg umalu n Flurinsa. Piza tettwassen deg umaḍal s lberǧ-ynes (*campanile de la piazza dei Miracoli*). Deg 2011, Piza tesɛa ahat 87 215 n yimezdaɣ.

## Tizmilin
Ṭuṛinu

Ṭuṛinu (s taṭalyanit : *Torino* (asusru ), s talatint : *Augusta Taurinorum*), d tamanaɣt n timnaḍin n *Ṭuṛinu* ed *Piemonte*, tezga-d deg agafa-umalu n Ṭṭelyan. Ṭuṛinu d tamanaɣt n Awanak n Savoia deg 1563 ed tamanaɣt n Tagelda n Sardinya deg 1720, daɣen d tamanaɣt tamezwarut n Tagelda n Ṭṭelyan gar 1861 ed 1865.

Ṭuṛinu d tamdint tis sin tamgurant maḍi n Ṭṭelyan. 

## Tizmilin
Muzambiq

**Muzambiq** neɣ **Tagduda n Mozambiq** (s tpurtugalit: *Moçambique* neɣ  *República de Moçambique*), d tamurt deg unẓul-agmuḍal n Tefriqt, tamaneɣt-is Maputo. Tamurt-a tesɛa azal n 31.1 imelyan n yimezdaɣen. Tutlayt tatrart n tmurt-a d tapurtugit. 
Tamurt-a tesɛa tilisa d Tanzanya deg ugafa, n Malawi deg umalu,  Zambya deg umalu, d Tafrikt n Wenẓul deg umalu, n Eswatini deg wenẓul-uẓeṛb, yerna tesɛa amkan ɣer ugaraw Ahendi deg umalu.
Ayt Baha

**Ayt Baha**, d tamdint n Meṛṛuk deg twilayt n Ashtoka Ait Baha deg Tasga n Sus-Masst.
Deg useggas n 2014, llan deg-s 5,668 n yimezdaɣen. Tamdint-a tezga-d ɣef ubrid aɣelnaw wis 105 i d-yettaken gar Agadir d Tafrawt.
Amper

**Amper** (s taglizit : *ampere*, s tafrensist : *ampère*), azamul-is (A), d tigget tidusal n uḍru amestrisiti, kecmen deg unagraw agraɣlan n tiynin seg 1948. Amper d yiwet seg kraḍ tiynin igejdanen n trisiti, akked Ohm (Ω) ed Volt (V).

## Isem-is
*Amper* yekka-d seg amesfizik afṛansis *André-Marie Ampère* (seg lqern wis 19), 

## Azal-is
Amper d tadwast n uḍru amestrisiti (I) n uɛeddi n yiwen culum (C) ɣef amenhar (*conductor*) deg yiwet tasint (s):

Culum (C) = Amper (A).Tasint (s) \Longrightarrow Amper (A) = Culum (C) / Tasint (s)

## Tizmilin
Ǧenova

**Ǧenova** neɣ **Ǧenua** (s taṭalyanit : *Genova* (asusru ), s talatint : *Genua*), d tamdint ed usagen n Ilel Agrakal, tezga-d deg agafa-umalu n Ṭṭelyan deg ahat 120 km deg wenẓul n Milano, d tamanaɣt n timnaḍin n *Ǧenua* ed *Liguria*, tajumma-ynes ahat n 240 km2.

Ǧenua d tamdint tis semmus (xemsa) i imeqqren deg Ṭṭelyan, tesɛa usagen amezwru deg tamurt.

## Taẓuri
Ǧenua d tamdint tameqqrent n taẓuri seg lqern wis 11, aɣerbaz meqqren n tfelwit deg lqrun wis 17-18, tamdint-nni tesɛa aṭas n tegliswin ed issṛayen i tcebbḥen akked tfelwiyin ed yisebdaden, deg-s : tegliswin n *San Matteo* (lqern wis 13), *Sant Annunziata* (lqern wis 16), *Santa Maria di Carignano* (1552), *Takadirlat n San Lorenzo* (leqrun 14-16). Issṛayen n twacult *Doria* (des 13-14 ed 16), Aɣrem ugellid (ahat 1650) ed Aɣrem n adukkiw.

Deg 2006, *Strade Nuove* (iberdan d ijdiden) ed *Palazzi dei Rolli* kecmen ɣer wumuɣ n tigemmi tamaḍlant n UNESCO.
Tugna:2016 Basilica Santa Maria Assunta di Carignano.jpg|*Santa Maria di Carignano.*
Tugna:Genova Duomo St. Lawrence Cathedral.jpg|Takatidralt n *San Lorenzo*.
Tugna:Genova-Cattedrale di San Lorenzo-DSCF8049.JPG|Takatidralt n *San Lorenzo*.
Tugna:Palazzo Doria Lamba - Genoa, Italy - DSC01947.JPG|Ssṛaya n *Doria Lamba*.
Tugna:Genovareale0001.jpg|Aɣrem ugellid.
Tugna:Genova, palazzo reale, controfacciata 03.JPG|Aɣrem ugellid.
Tugna:Palazzo Ducale piazza Matteotti 2.JPG|Aɣrem n adukkiw.


## Tizmilin
Gabyil Camps

**Gabryil kamps** ilul di 20 meɣres 1927 yemmut di 7 ctember 2002 d amusnaw n tmetti afransis, d anemhal n *Encyclopédie berbère*, yettwaḥseb ula d amussnaw ameqqran deg umezruy n wegdud amaziɣ.
Gabriel Camps ilul deg Misserghin, deg Lezzayer tafransist. Yeɣra di tinmel deg temdint Wahran,  yeɣra ula deg Lezzayer tamanaɣt. Deg useggas n 1961, yesffeɣ-d seg tesdawit n Lezzayer yiwet tezrawt isem-is *Aux Origines de la Berbérie*. Tezdi s Iẓuran n temḍelt n umezruy amezwaru, yesffeɣ-d ula tezrawt tis snat ɣef Numidya n ugellid Masinissa.
Litra

**Litra** neɣ **Litr** (s taglizit : *litre* neɣ *liter*), azamul-is (l), d tigget n ableɣ deg , yiwet litra teɛdel 0,001 m3 (mitra agasas) neɣ 1 dm3. Gar 1901 ed 1964, yiwet litra teɛdel yiwen kilugram n waman deg 4 °C.

## Tizmilin
Kelven

**Kelven** neɣ **Kelvin** (s taglizit : *kelvin*), azamul-is (K), d tigget tidusal n taẓɣelt thermodynamik deg unagraw agraɣlan n tiynin (SI). 

## Isem
Isem-is yekka-d seg amesfizik abriṭani *William Thomson* qqaren-as *Lord Kelvin*.

## Azal
Kelven d yisili n taẓɣelt tamagdezt, ulac-is (0) yeɛdel −273,15 °C (Selsius) ed −459,67 °F (Fahrenheit).

T_\mathrm{K} = T_\mathrm{C} + 27315 \ 

* T_\mathrm{K} : taẓɣelt akked kelven (K)
* T_\mathrm{C} : taẓɣelt akked Selsius (°C)

T_\mathrm{K} = (T_\mathrm{F}  + 459,67) / 1,8 

* T_\mathrm{K} : taẓɣelt akked kelven (K)
* T_\mathrm{F} : taẓɣelt akked Fahrenheit (°F)

## Tizmilin
Idurar n Alp

**Idurar n Alp** (s taṭalyanit : *Alpi*, s tafransist : *Alpes*, s talmanit : *Alpen*), d azrar n idurar n Turuft, yesɛa 1 200 km n teɣzi, yettεeddin ɣef sa (sebɛa) n timura : Fransa, Ṭṭelyan, Taswist, Liechtenstein, Lalman, Tutrict ed Sluvinya.

*Mont Blanc* (adrar umellal) i d adrar ɣezzifen akk deg Idurar n Alp akked ahat 4 810 n lmitrat.

## Tizmilin
Sluvinya

**Sluvinya** neɣ **Tagduda n Sluvinya** (s tasluvinit : *Slovenija* neɣ *Republika Slovenija* (asusru )), d awanak n Turuft talemmast, tamanaɣt-ynes Lyubyana, tajumma-ynes 20 200 km2. Tekcem ɣer Tuddsa n temsisit n ugafa anaṭlas ed ɣer Tadukli Tuṛufit seg 2004.

## Tarakalt
Sluvinya tesɛa tilist akked Maǧar ed Tutrict ɣer ugafa, Kruwatya ɣer wenẓul ed usamar, Ilel Aderyati ɣer wanẓul-umalu ed akked Ṭṭelyan ɣer umalu.

## Tizmilin
Nurman Anjell

**Norman Anjell** illul ass n 26 duǧember 1872, yemmut ass n 7 tuber 1967, d amaru ed argaz n tsertit aglizi. 

Norman ilul deg twacult n setta n warrawen yeɣra deg tesdawit n Jeneve. Deg 17 iseggasen iruḥ ɣer Marikan, yexdem aṭas n lecɣal deg kalifurnya am umeksa d umyaru. Yeqqim cwiṭ deg Legliz deg useggas 1898 dɣa iruḥ ɣer Paris, anda yexdem ger 1905 d 1912 d amyaru n Daily Mail. Yeqqel-d ɣer Legliz, yeṭṭef amḍiq n ukabar n leqdic deg useggas n 1920 yerra iman-is deg Useqqamu n Tegduda n tɣiwant n Bradford Ugafa.
Berǧ Xalifa

**Berǧ Xalifa** (s taɛrabt : برج خليفة), d timberrezt n yigenni tezga-d deg Dubay, Limarat Taɛrabin Yeddukklen, d lbni i yeεlayen akk deg umaḍal akked 828 n lmitrat. Isem-is yekka-d seg isem n ugeldun n Limara n Abu Ḍabi Xalifa ben Zayed Al Nahyan. 

## Tizmilin
Tallit-Tanammast

**Tallit Tanammast** d tallit n amezruy n Tuṛuft, deffir taglest, gar lqern wis 5 (aɣelluy n amenkad arumani aneggaru) ed lqern wis 15 (Taleslalit).

## Tizmilin
Ǧamayka

**Ǧamayka** neɣ **Jamayka** (s taglizit : *Jamaica* (asusru )), d awanak ed tegzirt n Tamrikt, tezga-d deg ahat 150 km deg wenẓul n Kuba. Tamanaɣt-ynes d Kingston, tajumma-ynes 11 425 km2.

Ǧamayka d tegzirt wis kraḍ i meqqren akk deg Ilel Akaribi, deffir Kuba ed Ispanyula.

## Tizmilin
Ureɣ

**Ureɣ** neɣ **Ddheb**, d aferdis akruran azamul-is **Au** (Au : sin isekkilen imezwura n awal alatini *aurum* anamek-is d *ureɣ*), uṭṭun-is abelkim 79. D asin n uwraɣ ifeǧǧeǧ, ur yettbeddil ara seg aman ed uzwu, ed yesɛa azal amzenzi d ameqqran.

## Tizmilin
Aluminyum

**Aluminyum** neɣ **Aluminium**, d aferdis akruran azamul-is (**Al**), uṭṭun-is abelkim 13. D asin amellal, d asin i yesseqdecm ugar deffir uzzal. Aluminyum yettwaxdem s temguri seg 1854. 

Isem-is yekka-d seg talatint *alumina* anamek-is d *akal n aẓarif*.

## Tizmilin
Tigzirin n Antilles timeqqranin

**Tigzirin n Antill timeqqranin** d isem n yiwet n terbaɛt n tegzirin (arkafal) deg Ilel Akaribi, gar-asent Kuba, Ispanyula, Puertu Riku d Ǧamayka. d Azal n 90% n lebḥer n Karibi Tama-nniḍen n tegzirin n Karibi qqaren-as Antilles timecṭuḥin.
Ilel Akaribi

**Ilel Akaribi** d ilel n umalu n agaraw anaṭlas, tajumma-is ahat n 2,753,000 km2. Yezga-d deg agafa n Venezuela, Kulumbya ed Panama, usamar n Kusta Rika, Nikaragwa, Honduras, Gwatimala; Belize ed Miksik, wenẓul n Tigzirin n Antilles timeqqranin ed deg amalu n Tigzirin n Antilles timecṭuḥin.

Ilel Akaribi akked Abagu n Miksik i mmugen d ilel n Tamrikt Talemmast.

## Tizmilin
Jimmy Donal Wills

Jimmy Donal Wills (ilul deg 7 ɣuct 1966), yettwassen s yisem n Jimbo, d ameskar amarikani-abriṭani  D yiwen seg wid ibnan tasanayt tilellit n Wikipedia akked Fandom i yettwasnen zik s yisem n Wikitia. Yettwaxdem deg isenfaren-nniḍen, gar-asen Bomis, Nupedia, WikiTribune d WT Social.

ilul Wills deg Huntsville, Alabama, yeffeɣ seg tinmel n Randolph, d aɣerbaz aɣelnaw. Yewwi-d sin n yiswiren n uselmed deg tdamsa seg tesdawit n Auburn d tesdawit n Alabama.

Mi yella deg uɣerbaz alemmas, Wells yeɣra deg sin iɣerbazen uqbel; maca, yeffeɣ uqbel ad ifakk aswir-is n tdukturat akken ad yawi axeddim deg tdamsa. Deffer da yexdem d anemhal n unadi deg yiwet n trmist deg Cikagu.
Arxmides

**Arxmides** neɣ **Arcimides** (s tagrikit taqburt : Ἀρχιμήδης, s talatint : *Archimedes*), illul deg ahat 287 Uqbel Ɛisa deg Sičilya, yemmut deg 212/211 Uqbel Ɛisa deg Sičilya daɣen, d amusnak ed amesnulfu i mucaɛen maḍi deg Legrik tagelsant. 

## Tudert
Arxmides yezdeɣ tuget n tudert-is deg *Syrakusa* (d tamdint tagrikit meqqren akk deg Sičilya), anda yella d imqerreb n ugellid-is *Hieron II*. Yella icɣel-d d inadiyen ussnan deg waṭas n taɣulin em tanzeggit, tasengama ed tmikanikt. Yella yetturar tamlilt d taxatart deg aḥuddu n *Syrakusa* mgal yirumyen deg 213 Üqbel Ɛisa (yebna tinaεurin n ṭṭrad), deffir irumyen kecmen ɣar *Syrakusa* deg 212 neɣ 211 Uqbel Ɛisa, irumyen i t-yenɣan Arxmides deg tamdint-is. 

## Ayen yexdem
Arxmides yufa-d wassaɣ ger tajumma ed ubleɣ n takurt ed awlellu-is, yufa-d daɣen umenzay n Arxmides ed tafetlit n Arxmides.

### Ɣef takurt ed awlellu

Deg sin n yidlisen Arxmides yessken : Tajumma n ayen tellan takurt (aqqaṛ-is r) teɛdil uqus (rebɛa) tikkelt n tajumma n tawinest-is tameqqerant : (4\pi r^2\,). Ableɣ n takurt yeɛdil sin n ttlut (\frac{2}{3}) n ubleɣ n awlellu-is : \frac{4}{3}\pi r^3. 

Ableɣ n awlellu (i yesɛan llsas-is yeɛdil tawinest tameqqerant n takurt, ed asawen-is yeɛdel ukdu n takurt-nni) d yeɛdel kraḍ tikkelt azgen (\frac{3}{2}) n ubleɣ n takurt-nni, ed tajumma n awlellu-nni teɛdel daɣen kraḍ tikkelt azgen (\frac{3}{2}) n tajumma n takurt-nni.

### Umenzay n Arxmides

Asaḍuf n tasengama ad d-teskan : anda tella tafekka yebbeẓ (uzgen neɣ merra) deg amazzal neɣ lgaz, ittemlili-d tadusi s ukessar ɣer usawen, teɛdel azuk n umazzal neɣ lgaz wi yettwakkes s tafekka-nni, ed ableɣ n amazzal neɣ lgaz wi yettwakkes yeɛdel ubleɣ n tafekka-nni.  

 F_{a} = \rho g V 

F_{a} : tadusi n itekk-d nnig amazzal.

\rho : tneẓẓi.

g : ameɣlal n tajebda. 

V : ableɣ n amazzal neɣ lgaz wi yettwakkes.

\rho = m/V ⇒ m= \rho V  ⇒ F_{a} = m_{a} g  ; akked m_{a}  : tneẓẓi n amazzal neɣ lgaz wi yettwakkes.

⇒ m_{a} g = W  ; akked W  : azuk n amazzal neɣ lgaz wi yettwakkes.

 F_{a} = W 

### Tafetlit n Arxmides

Arxmides i d-yesnulfan tafetlit-is (tafetlit n Arxmides); d tnaεurt tella i wakken ad tessnekreḍ aman, d yiwent seg talɣiwin n ujeɛbub deg-s talɣa n tafetlit yekna akked tiɣmeṛt n ahat 45 n tfesniwin (45°) yebbeɣ deg waman ɣer yixef-is amedda. Amussu n tnaεurt-nni yessuli aman deg ujeɛbub.

## Tizmilin
Tasanayt

**Tasanayt** (seg talatint : *encyclopaedia*, seg tagrikit : *egkuklopaideia*), d adlis n yisallen ɣef yal taɣult neɣ ɣef yiwet taɣult weḥd-s. 

## Isem ed Amezruy
Awal *encyclopaedia* (tasanayt) yezga-d seg tagrikit *egkuklopaideia* anamek-is d *usinen amatu*. Paul Scalich d amaru amezwru i yesseqdec awal-nni deg adlis-is deg 1559, tisanayin nniḍen i yettwaẓragen uqbel tasanayt-nni sɛant izwal nniḍen (mačči d *encyclopaedia* (tasanayt)), awal n ''amawal'' snulfant-t-id deg izwal n tisanayin.

Seg ugar n 2000 iseggasen tisanayin llant em igzulen n tamusni n uɣerbaz deg tiɣmiwin tettwafhem ɣef imeɣriyen-is.

## Tizmilin
Iḥefsiyen

**Iḥefsiyen** (s taɛrabt: حفصيون) (si 1229 ar 1574 ), d imaziɣen i yebnan tamurt n Tunes tatrart, u yḥekmen ɣef Tunes, d Libya d talemmast n Lezzayer. Tamaneɣt-nsen d tamdint n Tunes.
Marko Polo

**Marko Polo** (s taṭalyanit : *Marco Polo* (asusru )), illul deg 1254 deg Vinisya, yemmut deg 8 yennayer 1324 deg Vinisya daɣen, d amzenzu, icaliyen ed amessikel avinisi. 

## Tudert ed yisiklen

### Tawacult n Polo
Seg zik, tawacult n Polo teznuzay akked Asamar alemmas, terna ccan ed tabaɣurt imeqqranen. Deg 1260, tawacult-nni ruḥen seg Istambul ɣer timenaḍin n umalu n Tamnekda n imunguliyen, anda i teznuzay ɣef isɣunen. Syin akkin, tawacult n Polo ruḥen ɣer Buxara, ssufɣen-d assaɣen n tmidwa akked amenkad Qublay Xan, ed tettuɣal-d inmahalen-is deg Turuft.

### Asikel ɣer Asya

Deg 1271, baba-s n Marko Nikkolò Polo ed ɛemmi-s Maffeo Polo d-uɣalen ɣer Tamnekda n imunguliyen, akked Marko Polo, yettεeddin ɣef Ɛakka, Yumurtalık, tamenaḍt n Xuṛasan (deg Iran n tura), Badaxcan (deg Afɣanistan n tura) ed timnaḍin nniḍen n Asya ِِ akken ad wwḍen ɣer Cangdu (tamanaɣt n imunguliyen) deg 1274-1275.

Azal n 16 neɣ 16 n iseggasen, Marko Polo ed tawacult-is ttidiren deg tzedduɣin n umenkad n imunguliyen. S lameṛ n umenkad Qublay Xan, Marko i yellan yelha-d d aṭas n tuɣdaḍin ɣer timnaḍin ibeεden n Tamnekda n imunguliyen.

### Tuɣalin ɣer Vinisya
Deg 1290 neɣ 1292, tawacult n Polo ruḥen ɣer tamenaḍt tafarsit akked yiwet tageldunt n imunguliyen, syin akkin, i ruḥen ɣer Turuft, yettεeddin ɣef Istambul ed tagara Vinisya deg 1295.

Deffir tuɣalin-is ar Vinisya, Marko Polo ad yuɣal d ameḥbus n iǧenwiyen deg Ǧenova, deg lḥebs-nni Marko ittemlili-d ameḥbus n Pisa qqaren-as Rustichello d aneggal mucaɛen, Marko yebda yettaru ɣef 25 iseggasen-is deg Asya (adlis-nni qqaren-as s taṭalyanit : *Il milione*). Syin akkin, Marko yeffeɣ-d seg lḥebs ed yettuɣal ɣer Vinisya, anda yemmut  ɣer 70 n yiseggasen.

## Ayen yura

### Il milione

*Il milione* d isem n ullis n usikel n Marko Polo, qqaren-as *adlis n leεǧubat n umaḍal* neɣ *Weglam* *n umaḍal*, Marko yura-t s tafranko-ṭalyanit d tutlayt tatrart i myussan deg leqrun 13 ed 14.

#### Arusfus
Llan aṭas n teḍrisin n irusfusen ed tisuqilin n *Il milione* deg-s :

## Muqqel daɣen

* Ibn Baṭṭuṭa

## Tizmilin
Vinisya

**Vinisya** (s taṭalyanit : *Venezia* (asusru )), d tamdint ed tigzirin tezga-d deg ugafa n Ṭṭelyan, d tamanaɣt n timnaḍin n *Vinisya* ed *Veneto*.

Vinisya bnan-t ɣef arkafal n 118 tigzirin timecṭuḥin deg Ilel Aderyati, tamdint-nni tesɛa 400 n yizzagaren. Deg 1987, Vinisya tekcem ɣar wumuɣ n Tigemmi tamaḍlant n UNESCO.

## Tizmilin
Tamnekda n imunguliyen

**Tamnekda n imunguliyen** d tamnekda tessnulfat-id s Ǧengis Xan deg 1206, deg Asya talemmast, ɣer tagara n lqern wis 13, teẓẓel seg Agaraw Amelwi ɣef usamar ar Abagu Afarsi ed wasif n Danub ɣef umalu. Asmi teǧhed maḍi, tamnekda n imunguliyen teṭṭef-d ahat n 23 n yimelyan km2, i d tamnekda meqqren akk deg umaḍal (akked yiwet tajumma n timnaḍin inaragen (lǧiran) mačči tadukli n timnaḍin ttwabḍant mwezzaɛen deg umaḍal). 

## Tizmilin
Ǧengis Xan

**Temuǧin** neɣ **Temucin**, qqaren-as **Ǧengis Xan**, illul deg 1162, yemmut deg 18 ɣuct 1227, d amgara amunguli, i snulfuyen Tamnekda n imunguliyen deg 1206, d yiwen ger isteɛmiṛen mucaɛen maḍi deg umezruy.

## Tizmilin
Kaway

**Kaway** neɣ **Kawai** (yettusemmasen [ˈkaʊ.aɪ] s teglizit d [kouˈɐʔi] neɣ [kɐuˈɐʔi] s tutlayt Hawawi), d tigzirt taqburt akk deg warxabil n Hawaii. D tegzirt tis rebɛa meqqren deg umkan-a s ugar n 1430 n km2, d tis tnayen gar tegzirin n Marikan.  Tettwassen daɣ s yisem n tegzirt n tebḥirt, tesεa 170 km deg teɣzi, tezga deg ugafa n Oahu.
Imezdaɣ n Kaway qqimen deg tegzirt-a qbel ad awḍen Iwuruppiyen s waṭas n yiseggasen.  Agezzum wis sin n Iwuruppiyen yewweḍ s lbabuṛ 
Deg useggas 1778, yewweḍ-d uselway James Cook ɣer Waimea Bay, d netta d amenzu n Yirubiyen i d-yusan ɣer tegzirin n Hawaii.
James Cook

**James Cook** neɣ **Captain Cook** (s tanglizit : *James Cook*) (27 tubeṛ 1728 - 14 fuṛaṛ 1779) yella d abehri d umnadi Aglizi, yettwaḥesben d yiwen seg imnadiyen Iurufen i yesɛan azal ameqran deg tallit n zik, yexdem kraḍ n yinigen deg ugaraw Ahadi, yura aṭas n tkartidin n temnaḍt-a  yexdem ula aṭas n tmusniwin. Yufa n tegzirin n Hawaii d Taseyult Tajdidt. Yetwassen deg umezruy segmi yemmut Magellan deg useggas n 1768 yexdem kraḍ n isikelen: amezwaru gar (1768-1774) wis sin deg tallit gar (1772-1774) wis tlata deg useggas n 1776 i d-yessufɣen tagzirt n Haway.
Ṭayland

**Ṭayland** neɣ **Tayland** neɣ daɣen **Tagelda n Ṭayland**, d awanak yezga-d deg wenẓul-usamar n Asya, zik qqaren-as *Siam*, tamanaɣt-is Bangkok, tajumma-is 513,120 km2. Ṭayland yesɛa tilist akked Birmanya ɣer umalau, Laws ɣer agafa-usamar, Kambudya d Abagu n Ṭayland ɣer wenẓul-usamar, Malizya ɣer wenẓul ed akked Illel n Andaman ɣer wenẓul-umalu.

## Tizmilin
Kambudya

**Kambudya** neɣ **Tagelda n Kambudya**, d awanak yezga-d deg wenẓul-usamar n Asya, tamanaɣt-ynes Pnum Pin, tajumma-ynes 181,035 km2, Kambudya tesɛa tilist akked Vietnam ɣer wenẓul ed ɣer usamar, Abagu n Ṭayland ɣer amalu ed akked  Laus d Ṭayland ɣer ugafa.

## Tizmilin
Kalidunya tamaynut

**Kalidunya Tamaynut** (s tefransist : *Nouvelle-Calédonie*) kra n tegzirin yellan ddaw leḥkem n Fṛansa (seg 1853). Tigzirin-a llant di temnaḍt n Melanisia deg unẓul-utram n ugaraw n Pacific. Kalidunya Tamaynut deg-s tagzirt tameqqrant n Grand Tir, d tigzirin n Loyalti d waṭas n tegzirin timežyanin.
deg-s nnig n 285.000 n yimezdaɣen.
Ibritanen d Yifṛansisen ad yeddan ɣer-s deg uzgen amezwaru n lqern wis 19, tura tuɣal d ayla n Fransa seg useggas n 1853. Tamaneɣt-is d Numia. tettusaram ad tawi azarug-is deg tallit n 2015 ar 2019, maca ugar n 96.50% ur ssarmen azarug di Fransa deg tefrarin n useggas 2021.
Mrirt

**Mrirt** d tamdint n Merruk tella deg wul n idurar n Aṭlas alemmas, deg-s tɣiwanin am ayt Soko, ayt Sidi Lεarbi, ayt Sidi Yusef, ayt Sidi Ḥmed, ayt Taɛrabt... Mrirt tella tama n wasif n Um rrebiε, d taɣiwant i yeṭṭafaren agensas n Xnifra i yezgan ɣef sin n yikilumitren si temdint n Meknas, ɣur-s 35.196 n yimezdaɣen (aseggas n 2004) tettwaferq ɣer 5423 n twaculin.
Aḍru amestrisiti

**Aḍru amestrisiti** (s taglizit : *Electric current*, s tafrensist : *Courant électrique*), d amussu n tirnitin timestrisitin deg yiwen amenhar.

## Tadwast n uḍru amestrisiti
Tadwast n uḍru amestrisiti d amḍan n tazizla n tirint tamestrisitit ɣef lxiḍ amestrisiti :

i = \frac{\mathrm{d}q}{\mathrm{d}t}

* i : tadwast n uḍru amestrisiti (s amper *[A]*).
* q : tirint tamestrisitit (s Culum *[C]*).
* t : akud (s tasint *[s]*).

## Tizmilin
Muḥemmed Ibn Musa al-Xuwarzmi

**Muḥemmed Ibn Musa al-Xuwarzmi** qqaren-as **Al-Xuwarzmi** (s taɛrabt : الخوارزمي, s talatint : *Algoritmi*), illul deg 780 ed yemmut deg 850, d amusnak ed amasnallun ineslem afarsi yura s taɛrabt.

## Tudert
Al-Xuwarzmi yella yezdaɣ deg Beɣdad, anda Ixeddem deg *axxam n lefhama* (s taɛrabt : دار الحكمة) s tenmehla n Xalifa aɛebasi *al-Maʾmun*, anda llan yiḍrisen ussnanen ed n tafelsaft.

## Ayen yexdem

* Adlis n tugna n tagnit (كتاب صورة الأرض).
* Leḥsab ahendi (*Algoritmi de numero Indorum*).
* *الكتاب المختصر في حساب الجبر والمقابلة.*

## Muqel daɣen

* Aljiber
* Alguritm

## Tizmilin
Walid Regragi

**Walid Regragi** d amyurar n ddabex uḍar n amezwaru i yesɛan snat n tɣermiwin tamerrukit d tafransist, ilul deg korbay Esson deg Paris deg Fransa di wass wis tlata d uεecrin deg waggur n Ctember n useggas n 1975. Deg 2022, yella d aselɣmay n terbaεt tamrrukit yessiwḍ-itt ɣer Taqbuct n dunnit.
Addadan (tussna)

Addadan (s taglizit : *statistics*, s tafransist : *statistique*), d tussna n taḥawact, tasleḍt, asissen ed asegzi n isefka.

## Tizmilin
Grinland

**Grinland** (s tagrinlandit : *Kalaallit Nunaat*, s tadanict : *Grønland*), d tegzirt tameqqrant, tezga-d deg agafa-usamar n tamrikt deg agafa n Agaraw anaṭlas. Grinland i d tegzirt meqqren akk deg umaḍal, tajumma- ynes 2 186 000 km2. 

Grinland d tamurt daɣen, tamanaɣt-ynes Nuuk, tamurt-agi d aḥric n Tagelda n Danmaṛk (akked  ed Danmaṛk).

## Tizmilin
Tigzirin n Faru

**Tigzirin n Faru** (s tafirwanit : *Føroyar* (asusru ), s tadanict : *Færøerne*), d agraw n tigzirin (arkafal n 18 tigzirin) deg ugafa n Agaraw anaṭlas gar Island ed tigzirin n Citland (Shetland, Skutlanda). Tajumma-nsen d ahat n 1400 km2. Tigzirin-is tigejdanin qqaren-asent : Streymoy, Eysturoy, Vágar, Suduroy, Sandoy, Bordoy, ed Svínoy. *Thorshavn* d tamanaɣt n Faru tezga-d deg tegzirt n Streymoy.

Tigzirin n Faru d aḥric n Tagelda n Danmaṛk (akked Grinland ed Danmaṛk).

## Tizmilin
Bern

**Bern** (s talmant : *Bern* (asusru )), d tamanaɣt n Taswist seg 1848, ed d tamanaɣt daɣen n Ukantun n Bern, tezga-d deg amalu n tlemmast n tamurt, deg ugemmaḍ n wasif n Aar.

Bern d tamdint wis xemsa i imeqqren akk deg deg Taswist, akked ahat 133 900 n yimezdaɣ deg 2018.

## Amezruy

Adukkiw n Zähringen  i d-yesnulfan tamdint n Bern deg 1191, twacult n Zähringen tengar deg 1218, tamdint n Bern ad tuɣal iḍefṛen ɣef Tamnekda Tuqdist Tarumanit Tajirmanit, deg 1353 ad tuɣal d awanak amunan ed tekcem ɣer Tgemmunt Taswist.

Deg 1405, Bern iεawed akk lebni s yimesden, deffir times i yessedrem tamdint-a i t-bnan s isɣaṛen.

Deg 1848, Bern ad tuɣal d tamanaɣt n Tgemmunt Taswist.

## Tarakalt

Bern teεlay s 553 n lmitrat ɣef lebḥer, tezga-d deg ugemmaḍ n wasif n Aar (asif wis sin i ɣezzif akk deg Taswist), azal deg uzgen n webrid gar Idurar n Alp ed Idurar n Jura. Tajumma n taɣiwant n Bern 51,6 km2, ttelt deg-s teččur d tiẓegwa, ed 20% deg-s teččur d iḥeṛqan. 

### Inezwi
Tamdint n Bern tesɛa Anezwu agarwan.

## Idles

### Tutlayin
Talmant ed tafrensist d tutlayin timaddudin ed tiɣelnawin n Ukantun n Bern. Deg 2000, 81.2% n yimezdaɣ n Bern iheddṛen talmant, 3.9% deg-sen iheddren taṭalyanit ed 3.6% tafrensist.

## Tamerrit
Tamdint taqburt n Bern tekcem ɣar wumuɣ n Tigemmi tamaḍlant n UNESCO deg 1983, tamdint taqburt-agi tesɛa lebni n aṭas n talliwin, deg-s aquas n lqern wis 15, tilawin n lqern wis 16, Bern tesɛa daɣen axxam n tɣiwant n lqern wis 15, takatidralt n uɣanib taguṭit ed yisalayen. 

Yal aseggas, ugar n 500 000 yimerrayen i irezzun ɣer Bern. 
Tugna:Stadttheater Bern.jpg|Amezgun n Bern.
Tugna:Central Bern from north.jpg|Tamdint taqburt n Bern.
Tugna:4585 - Bern - Zytglogge.JPG|Lberǧ n tamrilt (*Zytglogge*).
Tugna:Museum of history of Bern.JPG|Asalay n amezruy n Bern.
Tugna:Münster (Bern).jpg|Takatidralt n Bern.
Tugna:Kunsthaus di berna, ext., 03.JPG|Asalay n tẓuṛiwin tihuskayin.
Tugna:Bundeshaus Bern 2009, Flooffy.jpg|Aɣrem afidiral n Taswist.


## Tizmilin
Ṭumubil

**Ṭumubil** (asget : ṭumubilat), d takeṛṛust s umata akked uqus (rebɛa) n rwaḍi, temmug ladɣa ɣef amesni n yimessukal.

## Tizmilin
Anaḍul

**Anaḍul** (s taṭerkit : *Anadolu*, s tagrikt : Ανατολία / *Anatolía*, s tarminit : Անատոլիա / *Anatolia*), qqaren-as daɣen **Asya Tamecṭuḥt**, d tazunegzirt tezga-d deg amalu n Asya, iţmettil d tama Tasyawit n Tturk.

## Tizmilin
Sri Lanka

**Sri Lanka** neɣ **Tagduda Tamegdayt Tanemlayt n Sri Lanka** (s tasinhalit : සිංහල, *Śrī Laṃkā* ed ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්ත්‍රික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය, *Srī Lankā prajātāntrika samājavādī janarajaya*), zik qqaren-as Seylan (Ceylon) alamma 1972, d awanak ed tegzirt tezga-d deg Agaraw Ahendi deg wenẓul-usamar n Lhend, tajumma-ynes 65.610 km2. 

## Tizmilin
Ikwadur

**Ikwadur** neɣ **Tagduda n Ikwadur** (s taspenyult : *Ecuador* (asusru )), d tamurt n agafa-umalu n Tamrikt n Wenẓul, tajumma-ynes 270 670 km2, tamanaɣt-ynes d Kito. Tagduda n Ikwadur tesɛa tilist akked Agaraw Amelwi ɣer umalu, Piru ɣer wenẓul ed uasmar, ed akked Kulumbya ɣer ugafa.

## Tizmilin
Malcolm deg tlemmast

***Malcolm deg tlemmast*** (s tanglizit : *Malcolm deg tlemmast*) sulfentid imarikanien aseggas n 1999 sɣur Chris, Martin Kratt, g Leo Eaton. Tɛedda deg telenẓar i tikkelt tamenzut ass n 1999.
Sonic X (manga)

**Sonic X** (tajapunit: ソニック X, Hepburn: Sonikku Ekkusu) d amazraw n tiliẓri ajapuni yusa-d ɣef Sega's Sonic n umezraw n video n Hedgehog.  D win i t-ixedmen yerna i d-ixelqen aẓawan amaynut.
Alguritm

**Alguritm** neɣ **Awarizm** (asget : iwarzimen), (s taglizit : *algorithm*, s tafrensist : *algorithme*), d terbaεt n ilugan imahlanen, asnas-nsen yettaǧǧa ad yefru yiwen ugur akked umḍan n timhelin.

Awarizm yezmer ad yettwasuqqel ɣur uhil i yettwalkamen s uselkim, akked yiwet tutlayt n usihel.

## Isem
Isem-is yekkad seg isem alatini n amusnak n taɛrabt; Muḥemmed Ibn Musa al-Xuwarzmi qqaren as Xuwarzmi.

## Tizmilin
Tamkerḍit

**Tamkerḍit** d taḥawact n idlisen yettwasqedcen deg taɣuṛi neɣ tezrawt, neɣ d lebni anda deg-s tella taḥawact n idlisen.

## Tizmilin
Uzbekistan

**Uzbekistan** neɣ **Tagduda n Uzbekistan** (s tuzbekit : *Ŭzbekiston* neɣ *Ŭzbekistan Respublikasi*), d tamurt deg Asya talemmast, tamanaɣt-ynes d Tackend, tesɛa tilist akked Kazaxestan ɣer agafa ed agafa-umalu, Kirgizistan ed Ṭaǧikstan ɣer usamar ed anẓul-usamar, Afɣanistan ɣer anẓul ed akked Turkmenistan ɣer anẓul-amalu.

## Tizmilin
Wat aɣlab

**Wat al-Aɣlab** neɣ **Iɣlabiyen**, d tagelda taɛrabt seg Bani Tamim i iḥekmen, deg umerruk d wenẓul n Tuṛuft deg lqern wis sin d wis tlata n uzwag n nnbi (gar 800 d 909), sbedden agdud ameqran i tella gar-asen Ifriqiya (Tunes, umalu n Lezzayer ed Ṭrables n Libya, n tura), syin akkin Malṭa (seg 870), Sičilya (seg 827), Sardinya d tuget n temnaḍin n Ṭelyan d Fransa gar iseggasen-nni (184 ahijri - 296 ahijri). igelliden-nsen iwḍen ḥdac. Cihab al-Din al-Nuwayri yenna: "Tamurt n Wat al-Aɣlab d tamurt tamezwarut deg Tefriqt .
Euro

**Euro** neɣ **Yuru** (Tamatart n tedrimt:&nbsp;€; ISO&nbsp;4217: EUR), d tadrimt tunṣibt yellan di 20 n tmura seg 27 n tmura n Tdukli Tuṛufit.

Tamnaḍt-a n tmura tettwassen s yisem n Eurozone, tesɛa azal n 343 n yimelyunen n yimezdaɣen ɣef leḥsab n 2019.

Euro yella d tadrimt tameqqrant akk d tin yettwasuqlen deg ssuq n ubeddel n tedrimin tiberraniyin deffir n ddulaṛ n Marikan.
Daria

***Daria*** (s tanglizit : *Daria*) sulfen-t-id imarikaniyen aseggas n 1997 sɣur Glenn Eichler. Tɛedda deg telenẓar i tikkelt tamenzut ass n 2002.
Man'yōgana

Manyogana (万葉仮名, neɣ まんようがな) d anagraw n tira aqdim i yessemrasen isekkilen s tcinwat i tira n tutlayt tajapunit. Ur yessin ara swaswa melmi i tebda tmeslayt n tkana, maca yettwanas ad tili seg tlemmast n lqern wis ṣa(7). Isem "Manyugana" yekka-d seg Manyusho, adlis n tmedyazt n Japun i d-yellan seg tallit n Nara, yettwaḥseb d yiwen seg yidlisen imezwura i yuran s tira n Manyogana.
Tigzirt n Man

**Tegzirt n Man** d yiwet seg tegzirin n Tasmert Tabriṭanit (*Commonwealth*), llant deg ugafa-utram n Turuft. Tagzirt n man tezga deg tlemmast n lebḥer n Irland gar Legliz,d Skutland d Irlanda. Ɣur-s 48 km deg teɣzi, gar 13 d 24 km deg tejumma, s umkan n 572 km2. Llan deg-s kra n yillen deg ugafa d unẓul n tegzirt, ma d agmuḍ n ugafa n tegzirt d afella. Adrar ameqran deg tegzirt-a, isem-is adrar n Snell, yesεa 621 n yimitruten, yettwassen-d dakken d win yellan ɣef yixef-is yezmer ad iẓer 6 n tgeldiwin: Tagelda n Man, Legliz, Skutland, Irland, Tamurt n Yigaliyen d Tgeldit n igenwan.