Iqbayliyen

**Iqbayliyen/Tiqbayliyin (s [[Tifnaɣ|tfinaɣ]] ⵉⵇⴱⴰⵢⵍⵉⵢⴻⵏ / ⵜⵉⵇⴱⴰⵢⵍⵉⵢⵉⵏ)** neɣ **Igawawen**, **Izwawen** (llan daɣen **leqbayel (ⵍⴻⵇⴱⴰⵢⴻⵍ)** aked **Igelsisen**), d agdud amaziɣ yettidir deg Tmawya i d-yezgan degʷugafa-asammer n Lezzayer.

## Ansa i d yekka wawal n "''Leqbayel''"
Aẓaṛ n wawal "aqbayli" yekka-d seg teɛṛabt « *قبائل »* (qaba'il) anamek-is s Teqbaylit « tiwsitin » neɣ « laɛruc ». Iṛumanen ssawalen-asen d *Quinquegentanei* (semmus [5] n Iderman), (wid izedɣen neɣ yettidiren *Mons Ferratus*, "Adrar n ğerğer"), wissen isem n tura ma yekka-d seg win n zik neɣ ala. 

Qqaren-asen daɣen i leqbayel "izwawen", ɣer Ibn Xeldun, azaraw-is d aneflas (laɛskar), ɣur-nnaɣ Azwaw d aneflas yeḍfer tasuli (laɛda) n zik, ila (isɛa) azal n imezwura, yekkat wuzzal war kukru, yezmer i wiyyaḍ. Yella aẓar ZW, azaraw-is d win yetsuɣu g umennuɣ. 

Aẓar n wawal "Amawti/Imawtiyen" yekka-d seg tangaṭ (tamaziɣt taqurant n leqbayel), yera (yebɣa) ad-yini "win n tawsit", acku zik isem n tmurt leqbayel d "Tamawya", yera ad-yini s tarumit "les familles, les tribus" g tangaṭ qqaren ayt zik i "la famille" : Tawya. 

S umata ur llin ara aɣbalu ameqqʷran ɣef umezruy n yisem-agi, maca nezmer a nefk yiwet n turda yelan assaɣ s tawtilt n Tamurt n Iqbayliyen deg ukud-nni (tallit-nni) imi medden ddren seddaw n tezmert n tiddukla n iderman.

Ass-a, iqbayliyen ɛaqlen iman-nsen d imaziɣen. Amaziɣ d isem ig curken yal imezdaɣ n tafriqt ugafa. Awal-agi yekka-d seg uẓar MZƔ lmaɛna-s d aɣerman ilelli (ur yelli d akli).

## Aẓaṛ n wawal ''izdayen''

## Agdud Aqbayli

**Amezruy n wegdud aqbayli**, d amezruy ameqqʷran akk-d yewwin i g issewhamen, zran igiman n iseggasen, azal 10 000 iseggasen send talalit n Ɛisa ; d imezdaɣ imezwura n Tefriqt ugafa send n tlalit n umezruy amaynut, agdud aqbayli d yiwen wegdud gar yegduden imzikiyen i yeğğan later deg umezruy n yemdanen.

Agdud aqbayli yedder, yerna yexlef Irrumanen, yiwen amenkud i yestaɛmren ddunit irkul, yexlef Ifniqen, ladɣa Yugurten yemmut s tidet agdud-is yedder, yexlaf Maryus; tura arraw-is kren ţlaɛin i wid ur numin ara; adgud aqbayli atan dagi andaţ Rum ? Dihya temmut, s tidet, yessi-is krent tura ttnadin; anda-t Ɛuqba Ibn Nafiɛ?  I wid mazal ur numin ara agdud aqbayli atan mazal dagi! Tidet amezruy n wegdud aqbayli yessewham acku d yiwen n umezruy yeţwebnan ɣef  taɣert, tuccda,  akk-d iseflan n imawlan-is.  

Ussan agi Iqbayliyen ttidiren g wakud (lweqt) n la renaissance n-sen, sennig aɣebbar n wakud akk-d d leqhar n iɛdawen, tteddun ɣer zdat, aqlaɣ nettwali tallit n aɣlan (ljens), Aɣlan aqbayli. 

Iqbayliyen g zik semman iman-sen  , , win ur neqbil ara lbatel neɣ akerwa.

### Amezruy Atrar
Deg Amezruy Atrar, Iqbayliyen mači d inumidyen inumdiyen d icawiyen d icenwiyen lqbayel nutni des maures pas numides]], llan iɣerfan n yewen uwanek, yeddren azal n 100 n iseggasen (seg azal 206 UL* di lweqt n tageldit n Masnsen, *agellid di facto* n Numidya, armi lexsara n Yugurten g 104 UL) awanek agi yettusema Numidya.

Numidya tella azal n **Dzayer** akk-d **Tamurt n Yiqbayliyen** lwahid.

Numidya tbedd meyya iseggasen, llan wid qqaren dakken meyya n isegwassen d wacemma, maɛna timura n ddunit merra ur sɛant ara akter n 30 iseggassen di laɛmer-nsent, amek yezmer yewin ad inni belli Numidya d ulac i tella? Numidya i gɛacen akter n meyya n iseggasen, ugar n Dzayer akk-d timura n Tefriqt merra, akter n uhric ameqran n timura n Turuft Tagmuḍant,  mi teɣli Numidya tsɛa azal n laɛmer n Kanada.

### Amnekcam arumani
Lestaɛmar arumani yenzeg akter n 525 isegassen, seg lexsara n Yugurtan zdat irumaniyen g 104 UL armi uɣelluy n inugura agi s iffassen n  (agellid n ) akk-d inelmaden-is mi g kecmen ɣer Tafriqt ugafa g 429.

### Imnekcamen Ivandalen
Geiseric yebnad tageldit tamezwarut n Ivandaliyen g Tafriqt ugafa s Saldae (**Bgayet**) am tamaneɣt-is; yestaɛmered Sicillia, Sardenya, Kursika, akk-ed tegzirin n Baleares, yernad yekcem ɣef Rum yewid yides mi i gefeɣ, azal n yewen n ddurt g 455, atas n igerrujen akk-ed iseflawen  n lğameɛ n Lquds (iseflawen i yefkan Udayen i lğameɛ-nsen) i d yewi Titus ɣef Roma melmi igstaɛmered Lquds.

### Amnekcam Abyzanti
Ivandaliyen ţwakssent di Tafriqt ugafa s iɛsekriyen n , agellid n umekad Abyzanti; amenkad n ivandaliyen ydum-d 105 isegassen (429-534).

Yiwen lamer yesɛan atas n wazal di lwegt-nni; ahric ameqran n imaziɣen rebhen telelli-nsen, mi yal aggay yetsnaɣ mgal wayid.

 ydumed g Tafriqt ugafa s 534 armi i gxser amgaru mgal Iɛraben wid bdan  g lqern wis tmanya (azal n 642 -705).

### Amnekcam Aɛrab
Iɛraben qetɛen lebher, staɛmren  g 642, kemlen alhu-nsen, zedmen ɣef tamurt n yimaziɣen, tamurt n leqbayel. 

Listiɛmar Aɛrab, am lbers, di tamuggit ɣef Iqbayliyen i yella; imi Imaziɣen rebhen kkra n lehna, akk-d tallalit, seqsefen azaglu akk-d alehu n amenkud abyzanti ɣer usamer n tilisa-nsen. 

Iqbayliyen nnuɣen-d mgal Iɛraben s wayen akk yellan, s tezmart, s tdusi (lğehd), s tudert-nsen, imi ţwallan simmal iţeddu aɛdaw simmal yexreb, yenɣa, yehreq, yeqher ayen yellan d amaziɣ, ayen yesɛan rruh n umaziɣ. Mbeɛd akter n sebɛa meyya n isegassen n tagrawla, Imaziɣen ɛyan, cban izem nni ur sɛin ara azuren merra imi tazzla n idammen-is texla ayen yeqimen di lğehd-is, ayen yeqimmen di tmanegt-is, ur yezmir ad yeker; izem aqbayli yeɣli-d ur yekkir ara, Iɛraben hesben d lmut i g yemut. 

Mbeɛd amerni aqher; ilulufen n imaziɣen, tilawen xesrent lherma-nsent akk-d asehru-nsent, ilulufen n warrac n Iqbayliyen imelsiyen ufan lmut si ifassen n iɛsekriyen Iɛraben, ilulufen nnidden zzenzen-ten aklan g leswaq n Mekka. 

Imi tfuk Taslekt ni Iɛraben, Tafriqt ugafa tuɣaled d amɣiz ni iklan ɣef leswaq n Wegmuḍ Alemmas.

Iqbayliyen am akken ad menɛen tudert n tarwa-nesn, akk-d ayen i geqimen di lherma n tilawen-nsen qeblen, ijenwiyen g ullawen nsen, ddin amaynut n iɛraben; iɛraben wwden anda yewin n lğens ur yewwi-d, zzuɣren telelli n yimaziɣen.

Syenna d asawen, tutlayt n yimaziɣen akk-d ismawen-nsen uɣallen d lehram. 

G 705 anbaz Aɛrab i-bereh belli tamurt n yiqbayliyen d yiwet n tamnatt tamenzut n umnkad aɛrab ara tilli; Tafriqt ugafa tɛeda g yiwen n ukala ig bedlen idles-is, tamuɣli-is, akk-d imal-is. 

Amnekcam Aɛrab yeqqim armi yetwabdal s lestiɛmar n Iɛetmaniyen seddaw n timelwi n Xayreddin d ayetma-s Ɛeruj, i d-xelqen atrar ussamer n **Dzayer**, bdan asseɣwel n tama agi am asutel n iflisen n ddunit merra. Taflist-nsen ternu, temɣid ɣef lqrun 1600; taflist mgal lbaburat n Iwunak Yedduklen g Ilel agrakal sebba n , akk-d , anda mutten atas n imddanen imelsiyen.

### Amnekcam arumi (Fransa)
Deg 1830, s sebba belli Lbay n Dzayer yewwet amalway n tamahelt-is, Fransa tenbez Dzayer; lameɛna, azbu i g qquren n Yiqbayliyen, Amɣar Ameqran (El-Mokrani) akk-d Faḍma n Sumer, stɛetlen taslekt agi almi Agud aqbayli yeţwaxdɛen s ageldun n Yiɛraben yettuseman Ɛebedlqader imi d-yefka takbabt-is ɣef Wemtawa n Tefna wahid Fransa.

**Amtawa n Tafna**, 30 mayyu 1837, yeswejd abrid ɣef wanger n Tamurt n Yiqbayliyen ihi kan teqled agezdir n Fransa. Fransa, isegassen kkra mbeɛd, tefka-d Aguldun Ɛebdelqader amidag n la Légion d'honneur akk-d tajɛelt n 4000 Louis (idrimen n Fransa) mkul aggur armi yemut g 26 mayyu 1883.

Wagi d adris n Amtawa n Tafna:

Melmi amgaru mgal tamurt n Iqbayliyen ifuk, Fransa tezdem ɣef leğwahi nidden n Tafriqt ugafa terna texleq Ldzayer n tura; Tamurt n Yiqbayliyen, Timura n uguldun ɛabd Qader, akk-d d Uneẓruf Ameqran (timura n Twareg/Imuhaɣ). 

G 1954, Igen n Taslullit Taɣelnawt (ALN) tebda ţţrad n taslullit; mbaɛd n sebɛa isegassen n imenɣi, Fransa teğğa Dzayer g 19962.  Aḥric ameqran n 1,025,000 Iḍaren Iberkanen akk-d 91,000 iḥerkiyyen, azal n 10% n imezdaɣ n Ledzayer g 1962, rewlen ɣef Fransa g useggwas-nni.

## Ẓeṛ daɣen