open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Makemake

**Makemake** (azamul-is: ) yettwasnen s (136472 Makemake) d amtiweg agezlan wis 3 deg tasekta deg wusud anafuk, Akken daɣen iga d yiwen gar n sinat tifekkiwin timeqranin deg ubaggus n Kuiper, Akdu-ynes yegda 3 n yefkuẓen n wekdu n Plutu.

## Asnirem

## Ayyur n Makemake

## Iglamen isengamen
Aṭebsi yettuzuzren

**Aṭebsi yettuzuzren** d aṭebsi ur neddis ara n tfekkiwin timeẓyanin yeddan deg tjumma meqren deg wusud anafuk isem-is yusa-d seg wayla imi ur yeddis ara acku imuren-is yakk zgan-d deg tamiwin yemguggin (yemmibɛaden) imtiwgen n ukantur imeẓyanen
Tafekka tameẓyant n usud anafuk

Deg 2006, Tiddukla tasnallunt tagreɣlant tgelme-d d akken **tafekka tameẓyant n usud anafuk** d d akken-it d yal tafekka yettezzin ɣef tfukt, Acku send n weglam n umtiweg d umtiweg agezlan nnan-d: 

«*Tifekkiwin n iden yakk iy tezzin ɣef tfukt ad tettusemma s umata (Tafekka tameẓyant n usud anafuk), Aya ad yessedu ula d [[azunyur|izunyuren]] n [[usud anafuk]] d uzal ameqran [[tafekka tadfirniptnt|tfekkiwin tidfirniptunin]] d yakk [[asmil (tasnallunt)|ismilen]] d tfekkiwin timeẓyanin n iden*»

S wanect-a, Anagar imtiwgen d imtiwgen igezlanen, isem n tfekkiwin n iden deg wusud anafuk yuɣal d "Tifekkiwin timeẓyanin n usud anafuk''
Asignew

**Asignew** (Asget: **isigniwen**) deg tasnallunt d  tifekkiwin tignawin yewwin tajumma ur neddis ara n ugaz n uhidṛujin d uhilium d igedṛuren ikemdalen, Isnalluyen ɣɣaren isigniwen s tɣuri n wammas agratraw aladɣa amazellaw-nneɣ

## Amezruy

## Tilmas n isigniwen d tsartut-is

## Iylan n isigniwen
Amazellaw

**Amazellaw** d amsegraw meqren s waṭas deg wanda illan imelyaṛen n yitran d yimtigwen d wayyuren d izunyuren d iseffuden yakk d yesmilen akken daɣen yella degs ugedrur anamdal d tenga tamallast.

Tugdutin n imazellawen d tkura n yitran yellan dges seg igiman (luluf) n yetran deg umazellaw agezlan ar 100 triliun n yetran i yemazellawen icafcalen maca s wemgarad-nsent yakk tgint deg wammas n udemmer n umazellaw d timezzit-nsent

## Amezruy n usanay

## Tilmas d talɣiwin

Imazellawen tmagen-d seg 3 n telmas: iglayanen, igriwlen d irafsayen maca llan-t telmas n iden yemgaraden kra akken illan-t deg tsartut n imazellawen

## Iylan
Asignew n ixef n wayis

**Asignew n ixef n wayis** (yettwasnen s **Birnard 33**, IC 434) d asignew amallas deg umanar seg telmest n Aylal n usummu, ini-ynes  d amsulles (qessiḥ), Yaggug (yebɛed) s wazal n 1500 n ifawatayen ɣef tegnit, Asignew n yixef n wayis yezga-d srid ddaw n yetri ulnitak dɣa netta yela deg tsartut n ucafcal azegzaw yettfeǧǧiǧen s waṭas
Amanar

**Amanar** (s Tlatint: Orion) d yiwet gar n 88 n tzedmin timaynutin deg igenni, d tin yettwasenen yakk deg yidles anafgan. Dɣa tayammunt-a degs aṭas n tfekkiwin yettwasnen am usignew n umanar d usignew n yixef n wayis.

## Asexdem deg yilel

## Tigezzumin tisnawanin

## Tifekkiwin n umanar
Tazdemt

**Tazdemt** (s Tlatint: constellātiō) d tagrawt n yetran id yetgin tugna neɣ tawlaft id yesskanayen tama dgi id yettbin dges tegrawt n yetran, Dɣa tiddukla tasnallunt tagreɣlant tebṭa tagnawt deg useggas n 1930 ar 88 n tzedmin

## Amussu n imtiwgen

## Tilisa n tzedmin
Tigigit

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Saponaria officinalis 
*Isem-is s tefransist: Saponaire, Herbe à savon
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Taɣiɣact
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Imettezwel

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Sixalix atropurpurea subsp. maritima 
*Isem-is s tefransist: Scabieuse maritime
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Tamrart
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt:

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Asignew amallas

**Asignew amallas** (S Tegnizit: Dark nebula) d talmest seg telmas n wammas agratraw acku yettili deg tallunt gar n yitran yerna yla agaz d ugedṛur s tnezzayt yeflalen (ɛlayen) ayen yettaǧǧan ad yeffer tafat id yettasen seg yetran deffir-s, Dɣa igazen-a d igedṛuren-a ttilin d tama dgi id leffun yetran imaynuten s wemsegrew n isegniwen-is s ddaw n usemdu n  teldayt ayen id igellun s yetri amaynu.

## Tiwlafin

## Imniren
Acafcal azegzaw

**Acafcal azegzaw** neɣ **Atilat azegzaw** d talmest n yetran ilan Takura meqrren s waṭas imi takura-ynes tettawaṭ ar wazal n 20 ar 100 tkuriwin tinafukin, Ma d taẓɣelt n tiggi-ynes ar 35000 neɣ ugar, akken daɣen i tla (i tesɛa) asfijjej yuddsen (iqewwan) s waṭas.

## Imedyaten

Af tmentilt n temẓi n waddar (leɛmer) n icafcalen izegzawen tilín drus-iten deg tnallunt.
Asfijjej (tasnallunt)

**Asfijjej** (S Teglizayt: Luminosity) deg tasnallunt d tasmekta tamatant n tfasa id itteffeɣen seg yetri neɣ amazellaw neɣ seg tafekka tagnnawt i yall tigget tawalant.

## Deg tesnallunt

## Deg wakat n tafat

## Imniren
Tafasa

**Tafasa** deg tsengama d tizmert n unagraw deg tulsa n waddad i tmugri n umahil ad yeddun d umussu.

Dɣa tafasa tezmer ad tawi aṭas n telɣiwin amdya tafasa taẓeɣlawt, tafasa takrurant, Tafasa tazarurant, Tafasa tazenzarayt, tafasa taɣisant d tfasa tamussayt, Dɣa tilmas-a n tfasa yettuzmer ad twasismilent d akken-itent d tafasa tamussayt neɣ d tafasa tudmist deg wakud dgi id tilint tidak n iden d arway neɣ gar n snat n telmas-a

## Asuqqul n tfasa

## Tilmas n tfasa

## Tafasa n usegraw

## Aɣbalu n tfasa tagamant

## Tilmas n iden n tfasa

## Tiggtin n tfasa

## Asuqqul n tiggtin n tfasa
Afawatay

**Afawatay** (s Tegnizit: Light Year) (Azamul-is **ly**) d tigget n usekti i yestumen yeggugen (ibeɛden) s waṭas am usutem gar N tegnit d yetran s ifawatayen, Akken yettwassen f ufawtay d akken-it d asutem it teddu tafat deg useggas.

Tazzla n tafat tessawaṭ ar 300 igimen km/tst, s wakka tetteddu azal n 18 n imelyan n km/tsd
Tigget n usekti

Deg tsengama d uskazal **Tigget n usekti** d tizeɣt yettusefken i wakat, Seg tallit ar tayedṭ tiggtin n usekti megaraden-t ayen id iglan s kra n wuguren ɣef wanect-a id yella unagraw n tiggtin agreɣlan (SI) dgi llan: 

* Tiddi tigget-ines Miter
* Akud tigget-ines d tasint 
* Takura tigget-ines d Kilugram
* Tadusi n ungi tigget-ines d Amper
* Taẓɣelt tigget-ines d Kelvin
* Asfaw tigget-ines d Lux

* tigget n wadad

## Uguren n wemgarad n tiggtin n usekti
Tigget n wakud

**Tigget n wakud** akken i tettwassen deg unagraw n tiggtin agreɣlan d tasint 

## Tiggtin n wakud

## Deg umezruy

## Tiggtin n wukud tusnatin
Tutlayt tamajeq

**Tamajeɣt** neɣ **Tamajeq** neɣ **Tayart** (s Tifinaɣ: **ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵋⵗⵜ**, **ⵜⵎⴰⵋⵈ**, **ⵜⵢⵧⵕⵜ**) d yiwet seg tutlayin timaziɣin tatergit. Ttmesmlayen-tt Imuhaɣ n Nijer deg yidurar n Ayer (Tamnaḍt n Agadiz).

Tutlayt-a ttmeslayen yis gar n 250,000 alamma d 280,000 n yimdanen.

## Tasnimeslit

## Tiwelhiwin
Armag

**Armag** neɣ **Tarmagt** d tafat id yettbinen deg igenni mara ad tales tegnawt, dɣa ileffud seg sin isegniwen yettmickaṭen yiwen deg-sen yettadam tazdemt tazarurant d tibawt ma d wayedt yettadam tazdemt tazarurant tilawt, Yeṭṭafar-it-id wermeg

## Iylan

## Tazzla n urmag

## Tilmas n urmag
Tafasa taẓeɣlawt

**Tafasa taẓeɣlawt** d yiwet n talɣa n tfasa ytteddun s amesni aẓeɣlaw neɣ tuddma, anda tetteddu tezɣel yalass seg tfekka tazeɣlant ar tsemmaṭ ayen yettaǧǧan taẓɣelt n tfekka ayyi ad tali
Tafasa takrurant

**Tafasa takrurant** deg tekrura d azɣal id yettbinen seg tsedmirt takrurant akk d timeṛɣiwt dgi yeddukul ukaṛbun n wesɣaṛ akk d wesɣaṛ ayen id yesskanayen timess d wezɣal 

## Asexdem n tfasa takrurant deg tmugri

## Deg tesnudert
Amazellaw asermad

**Aɣyay n umazellaw asermad** (s Teglizit active galactic nucleus AGN) d tama yeččuren deg tlemmast n imazellawen yettili dges usfijjej yeddsen s waṭas

## Igelman n imazellawen isermaden
NGC 4945

**NGC 4945** d amazellaw agriwel ufgig deg tezdemt n Centaure yettwaskaden zdat n Zitta Sintawri, Amazellaw-a yettusnirem sɣur James Dunlop deg 1826, Qqaren-d d Akken tettemcabi i wmazellaw n webrid n walim 

## Tagrawt tamazellawt
Tasmekta

**Tasmekta** neɣ **Tanecta** (Quantity) d irem amatan yettusxedmen i wakken ad yessken iylan ismektayen neɣ iglamen ismektayen am Tiddi, Takura d wakud.

## Imniren
Tadara (itri)

**Tadara** neɣ **Aydi ameqran** d itri aslag deg tezdemt n uydi ameqran.
Dɣa yeggug (yebɛed) s wazal n 400 ifawatayen ɣef tegnit
Abaggus n umanar

**Abaggus n umanar** deg tasnallunt d anagraw atraw yellan deg tezdemt n umanar, Anagraw-a dges 3 n yetran yettfejjijen s waṭas Alnitak, Alnilam d Delta

## Tiwlafin
Asignew n usafu

**Asignew n usafu** yettusnen s **GC 2024** d asignew yellan deg tezdemt n umanar yezga-d deg ubaggus n umanar zdat n yetri n Alnitak, Yaggug ɣef tegnit s wazal n 900 ar 1500 n ifawatayen

## Tiwlafin
Alnitak

**Alnitak** deg tesnallunt d yiwen n yetri yellan deg ubaggus n umanar tezga-d s Asamar n atmaten-is Delta d Alnilam 

## Abaggus n umanar
Abaggus n umanar d abaggus ilan 3 n yetran yettfeǧiǧen s waṭas zgan-d deg tezdemt n umanar
Tanga tamallast

Deg tasnallunt d tassnamdelt **tanga tamallast** d tanga id yettwanefken i weskanay n umur meqqren deg tkura n tnallunt

## Amezruy
Agedṛur akemdal

**Agedṛur akemdal** d talmest n ugedṛur yettilin deg tallunt tuffiɣt deg tiznin ilan aṭas n icubranen tiddi ynes gar n 0 ar 1 mm, akken i llan-t waṭas n telmas n ugedrur akemdal  mgaradent seg yideg ar wayed am ugedrur yellan deg imazellawen d win yellan deg gar itran, dɣa agedṛur akemdal d win ilan azal deg tlallit n itran d yetran ilan imtiwgen am wusud anafuk.

## Azal n ugedṛur akemdal

## Imniren
Azunyur

**Azunyur** d amtiweg ameẓyan iy tezzin ɣef tfukt neɣ f kra n tfekkiwin tignawin am imtiwgen n usud anafuk.

**Izunguren** (asteroids): d iẓra n ugar n 1000 km, tuget deg-sen nettaf-iten deg ubagus n asteroids ger Meɣres d Yebter. D later n yemtiwgen imezwura d-yeṭṭerḍqen mi mlalen.

## Asemmi

## Asnirem

## Iylan

## Asismel
Tagrit

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Scorpiurus muricatus, Scorpiurus muricatus subsp. subvillosus 
*Isem-is s tefransist: Chenillette sillonée, Scorpiure
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Ayyur agaman

**Ayyur agaman** d tafekka tagnnawt iy tezzin ɣef umtiweg neɣ ɣef uzunyur, Deg wusud anafuk llan wazal n 336 n wayyuren deg-sen 173 tezzin ɣef 8 imtiwgen imeqranen d 7 tezzin ɣef imtiwgen igezlanen

## [[Ayyur (amtiweg)|Ayyur]] n [[tagnit|tegnit]]

## Ayyuren n [[imzuyeɣ]]

## Ayyuren n Jupiter

## Ayyuren n Uranus
Aseffud

**Aseffud** d tafekka yellan deg usud anafuk yettuska neɣ yemmug s tṛesyaf d yedɣaɣen yezmer ad yili annect n teznin (teḥebbuyin) n yejdi neɣ annect n tṛesyaf meqqren 

## Iseffuden n wusud anafuk

## Imezziyen n iseffuden

## Tazrart n iseffuden
Amazellaw agezlan

**Amazellaw agezlan** d amazellaw ilan (yesɛan) kra Kan n ibelyam n yetran s usemyif ar umazellaw-nneɣ aɣaras n walim ilan gar 200 ar 400 n imelyaren n yetran, Deg-sent Asigna ameqran n Magallan yeṭṭafaren amazellaw nneɣ
Taydest

**Taydest** neɣ **Tagdest** (assaɣ ussnan: **Urodela**) d tafesna yezdin azal n 550 n twaculin n tmenkalin timsallafin, Tafekka-ynes ɣezzifen d wudem-is akerdisan tettak-as tirewsi (ccbiha) i tzermemmuyin, Dɣa tla (tesɛa) 4 n iṭarren yegdan (yemsawan) gugar-asen, Tudert-is tezzi ɣef waman d irawen n waman

## Iglamen n tfekka

## Tawuri n yegmanen

## Učči
Wajdim

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Scandix pecten-veneris 
*Isem-is s tefransist: Peigne de venus, Aiguillette
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Taɣeddiwt

**Taɣeddiwt** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Cirsium**) d tawsit n yimɣan imezgiyen yeṭṭafaren tawacult n titrit (dɣa tawacult-a d yiwet ger waṭas n yiflesmilen imsennenen). Tawsit-a temgarad ɣef tewsitin nniden n temsennenin am ukicaw d yisri 

Imɣan-a d wid id yettemɣayen deg Uruppa d Asya d Tafriqt Ugafa

## Tilmas

## Tiwlafin n telmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Scolymus hispanicus, Scolymus grandiflorus , Scolymus maculatus
*Isem-is s tefransist: Chardon d'Espagne, Scolyme à grande fleurs, Scolyme tâché
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Izifu (S. maculatus)
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Tizinzikrin

**Tizinzikrin** d astirf ilan iɣersiwen isnimawen (**Deuterostomia**) iwlalen, Tettumeggez tikwal d tatmatin n temzikrin
Tisnimawen

**Tisnimawin** (isem usnan: **Deuterostomia**) d afel-adur akk d temsartut n iɣersiwen deg wengaz n tsenzamalin, s ddaw tgelda tanagzant deg tseldin timdudtin, s udem n tmenzimawen.
Llan 3 n waduren deg tesnimawen:

* Adur n temzikrin (Timtegzitin d telmas-is

* Timsennenin am yetril, adeɣmus

## Imniren
Itril

**itril** neɣ **itrill** (Assaɣ usnan: *Asteroidea*) d aɣersiw aremtegzit yettidiren deg waman yeṭṭafaren astirf n tmsennenin n weglim, Dɣa d tid ilan aṭas n iɣallen dgi llan isegdalen (tuyau) usdiden yettusexdem i wewliwel d wenṭaṭ, Dɣa tilmas-a lant (sɛant) anagraw anesur maca war allaɣ 

## Tilmas

## Učči
Kamal Ddin Fexxar

**Kamal Ddin Fexxar** ilulen ass  1u deg yennayer 1963 deg Tɣerdayt, yemmuten ass n 28 deg mayu 2019 deg Blida, d ṭṭbib, d ameɣnas asertan azzayri. D win yennuɣen ɣef izerfan n wemdan d tmeḥeqranit i ddren wid-is deg tmennaṭ n Tɣerdayt. Yettuḥebbes gar 2015 d 2017, ɛawden ṭṭfen-t tagara n meɣres 2019 ɣef kra n tmuɣli i d-yefka deg yiwet n tvidyut, dɣa iga asunded n laẓ armi yemmut deg sbiṭar Frantz Fanon n Blida.
Adeɣmus

**Adeɣmus** (Assaɣ usnan: *Echinoidea*) d tawsit n iɣersiwen meẓẓeyen d akernunnay (amdewṛan) d imsennen yeṭṭafar tawacult temsennin n uglim deg tfesna tesnimawin, Tla aṭas n yiniten seg uzegza ar aras d uberkan

## Učči
Deg wučči ynes yegguni ɣef tfurri, Dɣa netta yettili d učči i weydi n yilel akk d usennur
Tamsetlelt (tasnudert)

**Tamsetlelt** deg tesnudert d tazdayt akk d wassaɣ id yettili gar n sin n imuddiren ayen id igellun s tanfa (nnfeɛ) gar sin imuddiren-a
Timsennenin

**Timsennenin** neɣ **Timsennenin n weglim** (Assaɣ usnan: *Echinodermata*) d tasnudert n iɣersiwen umi yezzi usennan tifekkiwin nsent s usennan, Ttidirent deg yillel zdat n teftisin

## Iylan
Tisendisin

**Tisendisin** neɣ **Tisenzamalin** (Assaɣ usnan: **Bilateria**) d tagrawt meqqren n telmas n iɣersiwen yettusismelen d adu-tgelda deg tgelda n iɣersiwen, Dɣa tilmas-a lant (sɛant) azgen n tfekka yecban azgen niden
Tiseldin timdudtin

**Tiseldin timdudtin** (Assaɣ usnan: *Eumetazoa*) d angazsartu id yettgin tawsit tagrawant dgi yella wezgen ameqran n iɣersiwen anagar timeččimin d timesfilin d waṭas n telɣiwin iden inegren neɣ ur nettwassen, Tasartut-nsent uessers-it umusnaw Bochlee  deg useggas n 1910 dgi id tiga d adu-tgelda deg tsartut n tesnudert
Timenzimawen

**Timenzimawen** (Assaɣ usnan: *Protostomia*) d yiwet n tegrawt deg usismel n iɣersiwen id yettgin (yakk d tesnimawin) timerniwt ar istirfen n iden meẓẓiyen deg eadu-tgelda n tsenzamalin
Taskadrant

**Taskadrant** neɣ **Clade** d anaw usesmel asnudran igebren seg yiwen n uẓar amezday. Ayen yakk i d-itekken degs (Tadfert, Tawsit, Tagrawt..) yettili d aynazɣer.

## Aẓaṛ n wawal

## Amezruy n yisem d usesmel

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Asennur

**Asennur** (Assaɣ usnan: *Anguilliformes*) d yiwen n uslem yeṭṭafaren tafesna n izerman yettidiren deg waman (d yiwen gar 55 n telmas n yizerman n waman) ttidirent deg waman n yilel yudsen ar teftisin n Turuft d Tefrikt d Tamrikt n ugafa 

## Učči
Deg wučči ynes yegguni ɣef iselman d tkeččawin

## Tilmas

## Asrusu n tmellalin
Tafurri

**Tafurri** neɣ **Uffar** d amuddir amsetlel yezdin adal azegza neɣ adalen izegzawen d igursalen dgi tettili tezdayt neɣ assaɣ gar-asen d tallalt

## Ismawen n iden
Dɣa llan waṭas n yismawen i tfurri deg Teqbaylit d Tmaziɣt, Deg-sen: **Afur**, **Tajga**, **Agfes**, **Talidman**, **Tufman**
## Gemmu

## Tilmas
Tamaziɣt tameslugent tazzayrit

**Tamaziɣt tameslugent tazzayrit** d tutlayt tunṣibt n tmurt n lezzayer, tutalyt-a tebna ɣef tutlayt taqbaylit s lemɛiwna n wawalen seg tutlayin timaziɣin nniḍen.

## Tiwelhiwin
Tamaziɣt tameslugent tameṛṛukit

**Tamaziɣt tafuṣḥit tamerrukit** d tutlayt tunṣibt n tmurt n Lmerruk, tutalyt-a tebna ɣef tutlayin timaziɣin n waṭlas s lemɛiwna n wawalen seg tutlayin timaziɣin nniḍen.

## Tiwelhiwin
Aynazɣer

**Aynazɣer** (s Teglizit: *monophyletic*) d ayen i d-yusan seg yimeru amezday neɣ seg tekwatt tangyirt tamyiwent (Tagrawt ilan imeru d tarwa-s). Deg tuggta yettusexdem i weglam n yigmamen n tegrawin ilan assaɣ ussis gar-asent ugar n yigmamen yeṭṭafaren altaɣ niḍen.

## Ẓeṛ daɣen

## Imniren
Imeru

**Imeru** neɣ **Amraw** (Asget: **imrawen**) d afgan amezwaru seg wanda id kkan yifganen yellan, ama d mmis neɣ d mmis n miss neɣ tarwa ara ad yasen deffir-nsen.

## Aẓaṛ n wawal
Yekka-d seg wawal n tarrawt

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Awamɣil

**Awamɣil** neɣ **Azara** (**[[isem usnan]]**: *Rhinocerotidae*) d tawacult meqqren n iɣersiwen yettidiren deg Tefriqt d Asya. Tilmas n twacult-a d tid yettwaggzen s umihi n tnegra s usrag (ɣef ssebba) n wegmar yeṭṭafaren tukksa n yicc-is yettusxedmen deg tesnujya aladɣa deg tmurt n Ccinwa.

## Tilmas

* Azara amellal yettidir di Tefriqt

* Azara aberkan yettidir di Tefriqt

* 

## Aglam
Učči

**Učči** d yal imečči ilan (yesɛan) imseččayen s tesmektiwin timazgayin i tusriwin n tfekka six (ɛla ḥsab) n waddar d Talmest n wermud-is

## [[Aslem|iselman]]

## [[Aksum|ikesman]]

## Ifarisen n [[ayefki|uyefki]]

## Timellalin
Ajenwi

**Ajenwi** neɣ **Tuzzalt** d afecku yettusxedmen i wegzam n weksum neɣ i zellu n iɣersiwen neɣ i wmennuɣ d westan ɣef yiman, Dɣa ijenwiyen ttuxdamen-d seg kra n yemɣuzen am wezzal d unfed d ufus s wesɣaṛ 

## Aẓaṛ n wawal
Yettuɣal uẓar n wawal n *Ajenwi* ar Tlatint imi awal-a yekka-d seg yisem n yiwet n temdint isem-is *Genova*, Maca deg tutlayt Tamaziɣt llan waṭas n yismawen i wjenwi am: **Tuzzalt**, **Tafrut**, **Asemmahed**

## Ẓeṛ daɣen

* Tuzart 

* Aruku
Tameččit

**Tameččit** d ideg dgi id yettwafek učči d tissit i yemsaɣen dɣa timeččitin ttilin-t s waṭas deg yirawen n iberdan i wakken imsebriden ad zemren ad beddeden w ad sgunfun
Tissit

**Tissit** d almaẓ n imazzalen s yimi aladɣa aman, Acku yal amuddir (afgan neɣ aɣersiw) Mara ad yefray (ad iḥulfu) s ffad ad isew aman
Almaẓ

**Almaẓ** (llan wid id yeqqaren **Asebleɛ** maca awal-a yekkad seg Tserɣint: *البلع*) d tamhelt dgi yteddu učči neɣ tissit seg yimi ar tenkart ar ugerjum 

## Ɣer ufgan

## ɣer uɣersiw
Fad

**Fad** d afray yettaken assaɣ ar tiwura n yegmanen yesswilih amuddir d afgan neɣ d aɣersiw d akken yesri (yuḥwaj) ad yessew aman acku izelli (ixeṣṣer) aman war abded s usgunef d usufeɣ n waman n tasa.
Azara amellal

**Azara amellal** neɣ **Awamɣil amellal** (assaɣ usnan: *Ceratotherium simum*) imsiff aynanaway yeṭṭafaren tawacult n iwamɣilen deg tfesna n tsuffenza yettidir deg yidgan dgi id tettemɣay tuga deg tmurt n Tefriqt n uneẓẓul d uneẓẓul n Sudan

## Aglam

## Tarrawt
Tismin

**Tismin** (war asuf) d tiktiwin d ifrayen akk d tikeli iy leffun (iy ḍerrun) Mara ad iɣil kra n ufgan d akken assaɣ-is neɣ tazdayt-is i kra n ufgan tettwaggzen sɣur ufgan n iden

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tayri
Tikti

**Tikti** (Asget: **Tiktiwin**) d ayen yakk id yettasen ar tagerrawt (lbal) seg turdiwin (leṛyuy) d tmuɣliwin d yal tifratin id yettasen s agerru n ufgan, Dɣa Tikti d afaris n usekti

## Tiktiwin

## Tadusi n tekti
Tilut

**Tilut** (assaɣ usnan: *Ctenodactylidae*) d tawacult n iɣersiwen yeṭṭafaren tafesna n temseɣẓaẓ deg wesmil n tmsiffatin, Dɣa tilut d tagrawt meẓẓiyen n temseɣẓaẓ yettidiren deg Tefriqt deg yidgan dgi llan-t tṛesyaf di tniri, Dges 4 n tewsitin d 5 n telmas

## Aglam

## Tiwsitin
Acebcal

**Ticebcalin** (isem ussnan: **Gliridae**) d tawacult n temseɣẓaẓ igebren seg kra n yiɣerdayen am icebcalen d tefrurwin. Deg yisesmilen n tesnudert itraren, tawacult-a tegber seg 28 n telmas yebḍan ɣef 9 n tewsitin, akken i d-yella usnirem n wugar n 30 n tewsitin timɣuzin yettuɣalen ɣer tallit Tabaṛtunt.

## Ideggan n tẓuni
Tilmas n twacult-a d tid yettidiren deg Uṛasya, seg teftisin n Ugaraw Anaṭlas ɣer Japu d Tefriqt, anda i ttidirent kra deg-sent deg tẓegwa timnummsanin, d tbegsanin yakk d izaɣaren yeldin d yirawen n isanfen, ila deg tneẓrufin.

## Aglam
Ticebcalin d iɣersiwen imseɣẓaẓ meẓẓiyen yettemcabin ɣer wenẓid. Tiddiwin n telmas-is ttilint gar 6 ɣer 7 cm.

## Umuɣ n [[tawsit|tewsitin]]

* Tafrirut – (*Eliomys*). 
* Acebcal – (*Muscardinus*).

## [[Taɣreft (Tasartut)|Tiɣerfatin]]
* Ticebcaliyin ticafcalin (assaɣ usnan: *Leithiini*) 

## [[Tawsit (tudersent)|Tiwsitin]]

S unect n BioLib (3 tuber 2020): 
* Tafrirut n Ccinwa – (*Chaetocauda*).
* Tafrirut n tẓegwa – (*Dryomys*). 
* Tafrirut – (*Eliomys*). 
* Acebcal n Japu – (*Glirulus*). 
* Acebcal amezday – (*Muscardinus*).
* Tafrirut tazurant (*Glis*).
* Acebcal n Tefriqt – (*Graphiurus*).
* Acebcal n tniri – (*Selevinia*).

## Imniren
Acebcal (tawsit)

**Acebcal** (assaɣ usnan: *Muscardinus*) d tawsit n iɣersiwen yeṭṭafaren tawacult n icebcalen deg tfesna n temseɣẓaẓ

## Učči

## Tilmas

* Acebcal n idernen

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Acebcal
* Tafrirut
Acebcal n idernen

**Acebcal n idernen** (assaɣ usnan: *Muscardinus avellanarius*) d aɣersiw amseɣẓaẓ yeṭṭafaren tawsit n tcebcalin deg twacult n icebcalen

## Učči

## Aglam

## Ẓeṛ daɣen

* Acebcal

* Acebcal
Tawelman

**Tawelman** neɣ **Tulma** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Scorzonera**) d tawsit n yimɣan isaɣuren yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tetriyyin. Talmest yettwassnen yakk deg tawsit-a tga d tawelman taspenyult

## Aglam

## Umuɣ n telmas
* Allam — (*Scorzonera undulata*)

## Tiwlafin n telmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Scorzonera hispanica
*Isem-is s tefransist: La scorsonère d'Espagne
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Tulma, Tawelman
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Isenti

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Secale cereale
*Isem-is s tefransist: Seigle
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Tisentit
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Tiẓurin wuccen

**Tiẓurin wuccen** (assaɣ ussnan: **Sedum**) d tawsit n yimɣan yaṭṭafaren tawacult n **[[Crassulaceae]]**. Tawsit-a tegber seg ugar n 400 n telmas

## Tilmas

**Tiẓurin wuccen** neɣ **Tibbucin n temcict**

### Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Sedum album, Sedum caeruleum
*Isem-is s tefransist: Orpin blanc, Orpin bleuâtre
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: tibbucin n temcict
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Tidmamay

## Tilmas

**Tidmamay** neɣ **Tubeṛṛas**

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Senecio vulgaris
*Isem-is s tefransist: Herbe aux coitrons
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Tubeṛṛas
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Taɣreft (Tasartut)

**Taɣreft** (s tlatint: *Tribu*) d adras amessarti deg tsartut n tesnudert. Tezga-d sufel n udras n ifelasmil d ddaw n wesnay n wadu-twacult.

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Ifelasmil

**Afelasmil** (superclass) d adras amessarti id yezgan s ddaw n ustiref d s-ufell n wesmil, Dɣa yella dges ufelasmil n tkuẓdarin yeṭṭafaren asmil n tmankalin

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* afelasmil 
* Tasartut n tesnudert
* Adras amessarti 
* Tasnudert
* Tawacult
Tiɣiɣac

## Tilmas

 
## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Silene vulgaris
*Isem-is s tefransist: Silène enflé
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 
**Tutlayt tasusit : Taɣiɣact

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Iskerci

**Iskerci imezdi** neɣ **Iskerci** Kan (Assaɣ ussnan: **Smilax aspera**) d talmest n yimɣan iynayawwen yeṭṭafaren tawsit n iskerci deg twacult n teskercin. Talmest-a  tettwasexdem i wsuji n kra n waṭṭanen 

## Aglam

## [[Adu-telmest|Tidu-lmasin]]

## Ideggan n wemɣay

## Iskerci i wsuji

## Tiwlafin

## Ẓeṛ daɣen

## Tilmas

## tiwlafin

## Tiwelhiwin
Ixses

## Tiwlafin

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Smyrnium olusatrum
*Isem-is s tefransist: Smyrnium olusatrum
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Tuccanin (tawsit)

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Solanum nigrum
*Isem-is s tefransist: Morelle noire
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Tuccanin
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Tafrirut tazurant

**Tafrirut tazurant** neɣ **Tafrirut tamufayt** (isem usnan: **Glis**) d tawsit n temseɣẓaẓ yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tcebcalin. Send n 2005, Tawsit-a tella (tesɛa) yiwet n telmest iy ddmen isem-is (tafrirut tazurant). Maca tura, tegber seg 11 n telmas, anagar yiwet i mazal tedder, ma d 10 nniḍen negrent.

## Tilmas
* Tafrirut tazurant – (''Glis glis':)

## Učči

## Aglam

## Ẓeṛ daɣen

* Acebcal
* Acebcal amezday
Tagant

**Tagant** neɣ **Tiẓgi** d tajumma n idemkalen yemgaraden seg idrar d izaɣaren dgi llan-t temdikin d isekla d tuga d waṭas n telmas n iɣersiwen 

## Tilmas n taganin

## Taganin timqqṛanin n umaḍal
Llant g umaḍal tugt n taganin imqquṛn, s izddar ra-nsiwel f 5 (Smmus) n taganin imqquṛn g umadal akk :

### 1.Tagant n L-amazon
Tlla deg amenẓaw n Tamrikt n Wenẓul, Tajumma-nnes tga 5,000,000 Km²

### 2.Tagant n Taïga
Tlla deg ugafa n umaḍal g amenẓaw n Sibirya.

### 3.Tagant n Uglmam n L-congo
Tlla deg uglmam n L-congo g amenẓaw n Tafṛiqt, Tajumma-nnes tga 2,000,000 Km²

### 4.Tagant n Daintree
Tlla deg amenẓaw n Uṣtralya.
### 5.Tagant n umdlu
Tlla deg Tamurt n L-ikwattur, gis 1500 n wanawen n iɣersiwen

## Iɣbula
Ticebcalin

**Ticebcalin** (assaɣ usnan: *Glires*) d afelfesna n iɣersiwen yeṭṭafaren asmil n temseffatin tikuẓdarin

## [[Tafesna|Tifesna]] ur [[angar|nengir]]

* Timseɣẓaẓ (assaɣ usnan: *Rodentia*)

* Tiwetlin (assaɣ usnan: *Lagomorpha*
Tiwetlɣatin

**Tiwetlɣatin** (**[[assaɣ usnan]]**: *Lagomorpha*) d tafesna n iɣersiwen imsuṭad yettugezmer ar snat n twaculin: iwetlen d Tipikawin, Ttunegzent ar 13 n tewsitin d 80 n telmas, Ttemcabin-t s waṭas ar temseɣẓaẓ deg tikliwin-nsent

## Tiwaculin

## Tasartut

## Učči
Pika

**Pika** neɣ **Pica** (assaɣ usnan: *Ochotona*) d tawacult n iɣersiwen imsuṭaṭ meẓẓiyen yeṭṭafaren tafesna n twetlin dgi llan-t daɣen igetlen d iwetlen

## Aglam

## [[Talmest|tilmas]]

## Armud
Amenteẓẓa

**Amenteẓẓa** (assaɣ ussnan: **Sorex**) d tawsit n temsuṭaṭ yeṭṭafaren tawacult imenteẓẓaten deg tfesna n  tmenteẓẓatin

Amenteẓẓa d aɣersiw meẓẓiyen (gar n 4 ar 18 cm) yettemcabi ar uɣeṛda, Aṭas n telmas-is ttidirent s tuget deg Uruppa d Asya d Tefriqt Ugafa

## Aglam

## Učči

## Asismel

### Umuɣ n [[adu-tewsit|tdu-wsitin]] d telmas

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Acebcal azunɣid

**Tafrirut tazurant** neɣ **Acebcal azunɣid** (isem ussnan: **Glis glis**) d yiwet n telmest n temseɣẓaẓ yeṭṭafaren  twacult n tcabcalin. Talmest-a d nettat i d tamyiwent (tawḥidt) deg tewsit-is.

## Aglam

## Učči

## Ẓei daɣen

* Tafrirut tazurant
Tafrirut

**Tafrirut** (assaɣ usnan: *Eliomys*) d tawsit n iɣersiwen imseɣẓaẓen yeṭṭafaren tawacult n icebcalen, Yettidir deg tama n ufella n Tefriqt ugafa d Turuft d Miẓran, Tudert-is tezzi ɣef taganin imnummsen d tamiwin n tṛesyaf 

## Aglam
Tiddi n tefrirut (akk d usallaf) yettili gar n 10 ar 15 cm, ma d azuk-is gar n 60 ar 140g, ini-ynes d azunɣid ma d yini n wadis d amellal, akken yella ujeṛṛid d aberkan seg wallen-is ar wanzaren alama d imeẓẓaɣ 

## Učči
Tafrirut d aɣersiw iteččen ifsan d igumma 

## Tilmas
Timess

**Timess** d tafasa taẓrɣlant tasafawt id yettwaglun deg imir n tsedmirt takrurant id yettasen d timeṛɣiwt 

## Asexdem n tmess

## Ẓeṛ daɣen

* Andar

* Akeṛdis n tmess
Aẓɣal

**Aẓɣal** deg tsengama d tekrura d yiwet gar telɣiwin n tfasa id iteddun d umussu n ibelkimen neɣ icubranen neɣ yal tafeka iy kecmen deg wesnay n tenga, Dɣa asarew n weẓɣal yettwazmer s: 

* Tasedmirt takrurant am Timeṛɣiwt

* Tasedmirt taɣisayt am wezday aɣisay iy leffun deg tafukt
Tidusiyin tigennawin n Marikan

**Tidusiyin tigennawin n Marikan** (s Teglizit: *United States Air Force*), (s Tespenyulit: *Fuerzas aéreas de Estados Unidos*) d angaz n Tidusiyin tirmigin
Andar

**Andar** d tasedmirt takrurant yettilin lmend n useksed n kra n tengiwin ayen id igellun s weẓɣal d usfijjej n Uksijin +O2

## Tilmas n wendar

## Asexsi n wendar

## Timentilin n wendar
Tarselt (tawsit)

**Tarselt** (assaɣ usnan: *Laurus*) d aseklu ameɣlal n tizzegzut yeṭṭefaren tawacult tareslant deg tafesna n tireslin, Dɣa tawsit-a dges ugar n 3 n telmas

## Tilmas

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tarselt

* Imɣan
Iferr

**iferr** (Asget: **iferran**) deg tasnimɣan d agman n yemɣi afellay (n sufell)

## Anulfu n iferr

## Izegnan n iferr

## Asnay n iferran deg ucagg

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Imɣi anafan

**Imɣi anafan** d taglamt n isekla d tmdkin yesseɣlayen iferran-is deg kra n tsemhyut deg inzwiyen imnummsen igafanen ma d isekla n isbegsanen sseɣlayen iferran-nsen deg tallit n tkewt, Dɣa taglamt n isekla ayyi ttilint-d s unemgal n isekla imeɣlalen n tizzegzut
Aseklu

**Ttejra** (Asget: **Ttjur**) neɣ **Aseklu** (Asget: **isekla**) neɣ **Addag** (Asget: **Addagen**) d imɣi anasɣaṛ yugaren di teɣzi 10 m, Yemgarad usekli ɣef yemɣan n iden s tilin n iẓuṛan d icaggen d tadriwin d temɣert-ines

## Učči d [[almaẓ|welmaẓ]] ɣer isekla

## Asgunef
Anaɣur

**Anaɣur** d tallit d wakud deg wana ttilin waman deg tdersi tafellayt, Ayen yettuɣalen i tmentilt n webded (weḥbas) n uɣelluy n ugeffur s ddaw n yisig agaman.

## Asemdu

## Timentilin

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Anezwu adu-neẓraf 
* Andar
* Aɣurar
Taɣart

**Aɣurar** d tumant tanezwayt anda yettili uɣelluy n ugeffur drus s waṭas aladɣa deg idgan dgi tekkat tkewt neɣ anda yettili unezwu aneẓraf.

## Asismel
Idgan iɣuraren ttusismlen ar 3 n tseddaṛin: 

* D aɣurar s waṭas: Gar n 10 ar 15 mm deg useggas 

* Aɣurar: gar 100 ar 150 mm deg useggas

* Azunɣurar: tezmer ad tiweṭ ar 400
Tazemrawt

**Tazmrawt** assaɣ usnan: *Oleaceae*) d tawacult n yemɣan yeṭṭafaren tafesna n tmesferranin, Deg twacult-a llan-t 24 n tewsitin d wazal n 600 n telmas n isekla d tmedkin

## Kra n telmas

* azemmur

* Azanzaw
Ameɣlal n tizzegzut

.

imɣi **ameɣlal n tizzegzut** d imɣi imezgi yettagẓen (iḥerrzen) iferran-is s teɣzi n useggas, Aya s unemgal n imɣan inafanen

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Imɣi imezgi

**Imɣi imezgi** neɣ **Imɣi amazray** (seg Tlatint: *per* = Teɣzi, *Annus* = Aseggas) d imɣi yettidiren sin n iseggasen neɣ ugar, Dɣairem-a yettusexdem i wsemgerred n imɣi n useggas s yemɣi imezgi.

## Timezzit n tudert

## Gemmu

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Tareslant

**Tareslant** (assaɣ usnan: *Lauraceae*) d tawacult yeṭṭafaren tafesna n treslin dgi tella Terselt d tissetmatin-is, Tawacult-a dges azal n 3000 n telmas n yemɣan yeǧuǧǧugen deg ugar n 50 n tewsitin
Timesferranin

**Timessferranin** (assaɣ ussnan: **Lamiales**) d tafesna tamɣawt yeṭṭafaren asmil n tasnayyawin deg wegzam n tmesdurifsan, Deg tfesna ayyi llant 11000 n telmas n yemɣan ẓẓunin-t (tt-wafraqen-t) ɣef 21 n twaculin

## Tiwaculin
* Tifadin — (**Orobanchaceae**)

## [[Tawsit (tudersent)|Tiwsitin]]
* Ifadden n tmurt 

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Tireslin

**Tireslin** (assaɣ usnan: *Laurales*) d tafesna tamɣawt yeṭṭafaren asmil n tesnayyawin deg ustiref n temdudferratin, Llan-t deg tfesna ayi gar n 25000 ar 2800 n telmas deg wazal n 90 n tewsitin (deg-sent 7 n twaculin n isekla d tmedkin), Azgen ameqran n telmas n tfesna ayyi ttidirend deg yedgan isbegsanen d yedgan azun-sbegsanen, Maca llan-t telmas yettidiren ula deg yedgan yemnummsen

## Tiwaculin
Tasnayyawin

**Tasnayyawin** (Assaɣ usnan: **Magnoliopsida**) d asmil amɣaw yeṭṭafaren ifelasmil n tmesdurifsan deg afel-adur n temsifsan, Ayen yettmeyyizen tagrawt-a n yemɣan yeǧǧuǧugen d akken llan-t snat n tayyawin neɣ n tmejjatin deg yefsan-is.

## Idrasen d tfesna

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Timesdurifsan

**Tigrifsan** (seg sin n wawalen uddisen: *[[agra]]* d *[[ifes]]*) neɣ **Timesdurifsan** (seg sin n wawalen uddisen: *Asduri* d *ifsan*) neɣ **Imɣan [[ajeǧǧig|iǧǧuǧugen]]** (isem usnan: **Magnoliophyta** neɣ **Angiospermae**) d adras amɣaw yeṭṭafaren adu-adur n temsifsan deg wadur n temdudferratin, Adras-a yettgi-d yiwet gar snat n tegrawin yellan deg temsifsan. Dɣa imɣan imsifsan sdurayen neɣ teffren ifsan-nsen s agensu (daxel) n ugummu imi seg iylan-a id yekka yesm-is (*sduri* + *ifsan*).

Imɣan iǧǧuǧugen mmalen-d amur meqqren seg yimɣan imuranen (n wakal beṛṛa n yilel), acku mmalen-d gar n 90% alamma d 96% seg tugta tasnudrant beṛṛa n yillan d yigarawen, anda tilmas-is yettwajerden wḍent ɣer 319,000 deg useggas n 2015, yerna yal aseggas ittili-d usnirem n wazal n 2000 n telmas timaynutin. Tigrifsanin gebrent imɣan iynayyawen d isnayyawen.

## [[Asmil (tasnudert)|ismilen-is]]

* Taynayyawin (*Liliopsida*).
* Tasnayyawin (*Magnoliopsida*).

## Isismilen imazrayen

## Imniren
Taggent

**Taggent** (ttwabdar: **Taggʷent**), (assaɣ usnan: *Tabanus*) d tawsit n iburɣas yeṭṭafaren tawacult taggnant deg tfesna n tasenfriwin, Dɣa taggent d talmest n yizan yettidiren deg ikessaten d ilmayen d yedgan yudsen (imukan iqerben) ar waman d tẓegwa, Taggent d aburɣes yesmermiden (dérange) iɣersiwen, allen-is d timeqranin d tizegzawin, ila (yesɛa) tisegnit neɣ tisiqqest deg taggara n tfekka-ynes iteqqes s yis iɣersiwen aken daɣen iy keččem ar wanzaren-nsen

## Tilmas

## ẓeṛ daɣen
Aggug

**Aggug** (assaɣ usnan: **Tabanidae**) d tawacult n iburɣas yeṭṭafaren tafesna n tsenfriwin deg wesmil n iburɣas, Dɣa aggug d aburɣes anesnas (itess idammen), Ila (yesɛa) ismawen niden am y**izeb** d y**izib**

## Tamuɣli tamant

## Asismel d tsartut
Yekka-d weglam n wazal n 4500 n telmas n yizan n waggug neɣ Tabanidae deg yal tama n umadal deg-sent ugar n 1000 deg tawsit n taggent neɣ *Tabanus*, Maca llan-t 3 n tdu-twaculin: 

* Taggnin (assaɣ usnan: *Tabaninae*)

## Učči

## Akerrec

## Aṭṭanen
Tiswermin

**Tiswermin** (isem usnan: **Arthropod**) d astirf ameqran yakk deg tgelda n iɣersiwen. Dɣa asetrif-a igber seg yibureɣsen, Tissisyin, tiɣiwanin n yizgaren yakk d Tiruca.
Taddadanin qqaren-t-d d akken 80% n iɣersiwen kecmen deg ustirf-a, akken iy ila (iy sɛa) igmamen uddisen seg igezzumen iwermiyen d tiski tuffiɣt i tagaẓt, yerna i ttidirent waṭas seg telmas-is deg yilel.

## Asesmel d tsartut

## Aglam
Tiswermin d imuddaren armtegziten ilan (yesɛa) tafekka yettugezmer ar imuren 

**Asrgzem**

## Tamhazt

## [[Adu-wadur|Idaduren]]

## Imniren
* Tiɣirdemt yizgaren
Imsineg

**imsineg** d taftar tamaddudt (tunṣibt) i yinig tettwakez (tettwastɛref) s ɣur tamurt yeṭṭafar umdan-is

## Amezruy n imsineg

## Tilmas n imsineg

**imsineg amerray**

**imsineg agerdas**

**Imsineg amaddud**

**imsineg agensay**
Tissisyin

**Tissisyin** (assaɣ usnan: *Arachnid*) d asmil yeṭṭafaren astirf n teswermin, Deg wesmil-a llan-t tɣirdmiwin d tessisin d waṭas n telmas tigennatin (n tegnit) d waṭas n telmas yesgunfayen s ifucken. 
Dɣa deg wesmil-a llan ugar n telmas (s tebɣaynust d twekka d tselfin)

Maca ur yessefk ara urway (usexled) gar n Tissisyin yakk d iburɣas acku tissisyin ɣersent 8 n iṭarren maca war afriwen neɣ timejjiwin 

## Tasartut
* Tafesna n tessisin (*Araneae*)

* Tafesna n tissizeflin (*Amblypygi*)

* Tafesna n tɣirdmiwin (*:Scorpiones*)

* Tafesna n Tibelleɣmanin (*opiliones*)
Tinifsanin

**Tinifsanin** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Spermatopsida**) d ad-adur amɣaw yeṭṭafaren adur n temdudferratin n tgezmi n imɣan igratyen, Dɣa Tinifsanin d imɣan imezdayen yellan s waṭas yakk deg tgelda n yimɣan.

## [[Tasartut n tesnudert|Asismel]] n temsifsan

## Idu-stirfen-is

* Timazufsan
* Timesdurifsan 

**Timazufsan**:
* Ttidiren-t s waṭas deg yidgan isemmaṭen, imnummsanen d isbegsanen
* Dges ikawsaren neɣ izumbayen iy teffren ifsan

**Timesdurifsan**:
* Adras-a dges agman n Tafrawt azufan
* ttidiren-t deg yal ideg (amkan) deg umadal
Tiɣirdemt

**Tiɣirdemt** (Asget: **Tiɣirdmiwin**), (Assaɣ usnan: **Scorpiones**) d yiwet n tfesna n ibureɣsen iraɣlalen yeṭṭafaren asmil n tessisiyin, tla (tesɛa) 8 n iṭarren, yettidir deg yideggan iẓeɣlen iɣuraren yetteffer deg urzuten n yiẓra i wakken ad yerwel ɣef tfukt n tniri.
Llant wazal n 2000 n telmas n tɣerdmiwin deg umadal, Azal ameqran n tɣirdmiwin d tuɣsiwin  acku tisiqqest-is tettili-d deg taggara n wedfar-is

## Tarrawt

## Tudert d wansayen
Llan-t snat n telmas n tɣirdmiwin 

## Tasartut
Asallaf

**Asallaf** neɣ **Adfar** d agman yettilin deg tmeccact neɣ taggara n tfekka n uɣersiw am temsuṭad d tɣirdmiwin d temraradin

## Ẓeṛ daɣen

* Tasnudert
Tisiqqest

**Tisiqqest** (Asget: **Tisuqqas**) d agman asetnaw yettuqnen tikwal s ifexsi ariran deg kra n iɣersiwen d iburɣas

## Ẓeṛ daɣen

* Aburɣas

* Tiɣirdemt
Iriren

**iriren** neɣ **[[uɣes]]** **[[aɣersiw|aɣersaw]]** d tanga tuɣsawt yettilin deg kra n iɣersiwen adɣa deg iburɣas am tɣirdmiwin d yerẓaẓen d izerman d tzizwa dɣa ytteffeɣd seg yiwen n ugman yettilin deg taggara n tfekka isem-is tisiqqest
Tamment

**Tamment** neɣ **Tammemt** d ileddayen n tzizwa dɣa tamment d tanga ẓiden id ttessufuɣ tzizwa seg wadis seld ma tessegrew (mbeɛd ma tejmeɛ)  amɣus n iǧeǧǧigen, Tamment d učči ilan (yesɛan) azal meqqren acku dges izeffaren d imtunen d imɣuzen yelhan s waṭas i tezmert d tdusi 

## Tuddist n tamment n tzizwa

## Tilmas n tamment

## Iylan n tamment

## Afares n tamment

## Timura yettfarasen tamment
Amɣus

**Amɣus** d amazzal id itteffɣen seg ifesxiyen imɣusen yettilin deg iǧeǧǧigen neɣ deg iferran, Dɣa amɣus iga d učči agejdan n tzizwa acku yettsummu-t seg iǧeǧǧigen u yettadam ar teɣrasin-is 

## Ismawen n iden
Tagellit Victoria

**Victoria** (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 mayu 1819&nbsp;– 22 yennayer 1901) ittuɣit Tagellit n Tgeldit Ixerzen n Briṭanya Tameqrant ed Irlanda seg 20 Yunyu 1837 ɣer anemit-is. G 1 mayu 1876, tezdel akelked imerni n Tamennukelt n Elhend.
Tadlafriwin

**Tadlafriwin** (**[[assaɣ ussnan]]**: *Hymenoptera*) d yiwet gar tfesniwin timeqranin n iburɣas, tebṭa ar sin n ifurken: **[[tinammasin]]** d **[[tizimerzin]]**, Dges aṭas n twaculin am:

* Tizizwatin

* Tiweṭfin

* Tiberzeggatin

Deg tfesna ayyi llan-t ugar n 130.000 n telmas yettidiren deg twennadṭin yemgaraden, Amur ameqran deg-sent ttilin-t deg yimɣan d ijeǧǧigen

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Arẓaẓ
Tizizwa n tamment

**Tizizwa n tamment** (isem ussnan: **Apis**) d tawsit n tzizwa yettwassnen s ufares d tuffra n tamment d usnulfu d tiski (lebni) n teɣrasin seg wadus.

Llan-t waṭas n telmas id isuffuɣen tamment, maca yessefk ad yili deg tiẓri d akken llan-t yakk deg yiwet n twacult umi qqaren *Apis mellifera*.

## Amezruy

## Igmamen d twuri-nsen

## Tilmas

## Taɣrast
Taɣrast

**Taɣrast n tzizwa** (Asget: **Tiɣrasin n tzizwa**) d axxam n wesɣar id tezdeɣ tzizwa gerrwent (tnejmaɛent) dges tzizwa iwakken ad xdment tamment w ad nuṭṭfent iwakken ad ssufɣent tisutwin timaynutin (lejyal ijdiden).
Ileddayen

**ileddayen** neɣ **imetman** d tanga tamazzalt yettilin deg iqemmucen n iɣersiwen, ileddayen d tanga id iteffɣen seg ifesxiyen iledduyen yettilin deg imi 

## Asusef
Asusef d asufeɣ n ileddayen d waman n iden yettilin deg yimi s tdusi (S lqewwa) 

## Tawuri
Adus

**Adus** d tanga tasemmayt (n tassemt) yeqquren tettusexdem i wagaẓ (aḥraz) n tɣawsiwin yemgaraden d tmugri n tsiɣin
Tisiɣet

**Tisiɣet** d afecku amzik (aqbur) s waṭas yettusxdmen i wsaddi d ufkay n tafat, maca ar tura zeddiɣ tla (mazal tesɛa) azal meqqren, Tisiɣet tettwaxdam s wadus yttekk-d deg tlemmast-is uɣris n tebduɣt, Mi ara ad tsiɣ deg weɣris (ad tecɛel di lxiḍ) timess nni ad tessefsay deg wadus war ma ad yettwiɣ uɣris
Tabduɣt

**Tabduɣt** d imɣi id yettemɣayen deg yidgan iẓeɣlen (imukan iḥman), Dɣa Tabduɣt d tamdikt meẓẓiyen ira (yḥemmel) akal yelhan i wakken ad yefk abduɣ (leqṭen) yelhan.

## [[Tasartut n tesnudert|Asismel]]
Tabduɣt d tawsit yeṭṭafaren tawacult timejjirt deg tfesna n tmejjirin

## Tilmas n tebduɣt

## Tuẓut n tebduɣt
Timejjirt

**Tamejjirt** (assaɣ ussnan: **Malvaceae**) d tawacult n yimɣan ilan iferran hrawwn, tilmas-is ttemɣayent-d ya d tisaɣurin neɣ d timedkin meẓẓiyen yerna ttilint deg yakk ideggan n umadal anagar ideggan isemmaṭen. Tawacult-a tegber seg 4225 n telmas yeẓẓunin neɣ yebṭan ɣef wazal n 244 n tewsitin.

## Aglam

## Umuɣ n tewsitin
Tilmas tixatarin yakk deg twacult-a gant:
* Mejjir — (*Malva*).
* Pavunya — (*Pavonia*).
* Asusen neɣ aledduc — (*Tilia*).
* Dombeya — (*Dombeya*).
* Tiferfarin — (*Sida*).
* Akeblu — (*Corchorus*).
* Tabduɣt — (*Gossypium*).
* Cooa — (*Cola*).

## Tiwlafin

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Timejjirin

**Timejjirin** (assaɣ usnan:*Malvales*) d tafesna tamɣawt deg tesnayyawin dges 9 n twaculin, deg 9 n twaculin-a llan-t ugar n 6000 n telmas

## Tasartut

* Tawacult Timejjirt (*Malvaceae*)

* Tawacult Tafuzzlant (*Cistaceae*)
Amrez

**Amrez** (Asget: **imerzen**) d afecku i wegzam d turẓa n tengiwin acku llan imerzen n wezzal d imerzen i wesɣaṛ

## Tilmas n umrez

**[[Amrez n ufus]]**
Huda Iman Ferɛun

**Huda Iman Ferɛun** (s taɛrabt: هدى إيمان فرعون، s tefransist: Houda-Imane Feraoun), tlul deg wass n 16 yunyu 1979 deg Sidi Belɛebbas, d tanagmayt deg tfizikt, seg 15 mayyu 2015 tuɣal d taneɣlaft n tnazant d ttiknulujiyin n talɣut d teywalt.
Huda Iman Ferɛun d taneɣlaft tameẓyant akk deg unabaḍ n Sellal, d tugna tameẓyant meṛṛa deg umezruy Azzayri ara yewweḍen d taneɣlaft. Tewwi-d tirmit-ines n Bac ɣef 16 n yiseggasen, ɣef 22 n yiseggasen tewwi-d agerdas deg tfizikt, ɣef 26 n yiseggasen tewwi-d agerdas n duktura, d taselmadt deg tesdawit n Tlemsan ɣef 34 n yiseggasen. Tessufeɣ-d ugar n 40 n isegdad ussnanen.

=Tameddurt=
Huda Iman Ferɛun tlul ass n 16 yunyu 1979 deg Sidi Belɛebbas (amalu n tmurt n lezzayer), din daɣen i tegma.
Tekker-d akked 4 n wayetma-s deg uxxam i tezdaɣ talwit. Tewwi-d tirmit n Bac (deg tussniwin tiseddiyin) deg tesnawit n Si Lḥewwas deg Sidi Belɛebbas asmi i yella deg leɛmer-is 16 n yiseggasen, dɣa tkemmel leqṛaya-ines deg tesdawit n Ǧilali Lyabes deg Sidi Belɛebbas almi d asmi i d-tewwi agerdas deg tfizikt deg useggas n 1999, s yin tkemmel Majistir deg tesdawit nni kan almi d 2001, s yin akkin tkemmel daɣen duktura-ines almi i tt-tfuk deg useggas n 2005.

## Leqṛaya deg Fransa
Deg 2005, tewwi-d taggazt ɣer *Franche-Comté * (tasdawit n ttiknulujit n Belfort-Montbéliard) deg Fransa, anda i d-tewwi duktura-ines, dɣa din aṭas n tewwura i as-d-yeldin, maca nettat textar ad d-tuɣal ɣer tmurt n Lezzayer >, >, akka i d-tenna i uɣmis TSA.

## Tameṭṭut taneɣlaft
Deg 14 mayyu 2015, Huda Iman Ferɛun tuɣal d taneɣlaft n tnazant d ttiknulujiyin n talɣut d teywalt deg umkan n *Zuhra Derduri*. Deg 2019, ires fell-as ucetki ɣef usgufsu (corruption), isem-ines yedda-d deg ukaram (dossier) n Kuninef, ɣef wanect-a i as-d-yessawel uxxam n teɣdemt (justice).
Karim Ṭabu

**Karim Ṭabu**, ( s tefransist: Karim Tabbou, s taɛrabt: كريـــم طابــو), d amserti Azzayri seg temnaḍt n Leqbayel, ilul ass n 02 yunyu 1973 deg Yiwaḍiyen deg Tizi Wezzu (Lezzayer). Yella d amaray amatu n ukabar *[[Tirni Iɣallen Inemlayen|Tirni n Yiɣallen Inemlayen]]* (FFS) seg 2006 almi 2011. Yeffeɣ-d seg-s deg 2011, yeslul-d akked imddukkal-is imeɣnasen (***Farid Xalef***: yella d amaray amenzu n FFS deg temnaḍt n Bgayet) akabar n *Taddukkli Tamagdayt Tamettit (UDS)* deg 2012. D netta i yettmeslayen s yisem n ukabar-agi ar wass-a.

## Aɣbalu
* Karim Ṭabu deg uɣmis www.elwatan.com

## Ẓer daɣen
* Ḥusin Nat Ḥmed
Tiffaf

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Sonchus oleraceus
*Isem-is s tefransist: Laiteron maraîcher
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Ilni

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Sorghum bicolor
*Isem-is s tefransist: Sorgho blanc
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Ilni, lbecna
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Imɣi aragran

**Tiragranin** neɣ **Imɣi aragran** (S Tlatint: *Bryophyte*) d imɣi ageṭman am adal azegza ur tli ara (ur tesɛa ara) agra s wacu ara ad teddem tafuratt s wemgarad n yemɣan igranen

## Asesmel d temhazt n imɣan iragranen

## Allus n tudert

## Tudert tazzufant

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tigranin
Tafuzzalt

**Tafuzzalt** neɣ **Tifuzzal** (Assaɣ usnan: **Cistus**) d tawsit tamɣawt yeṭṭafaren tawacult tafuzzlant deg tfesna n tmejjirin, Deg tewsit-a llan-t 55 n telmas ittwadagen (ittwaqeblen) d 158 n telmas urad (werɛad) ur ttwadagent.

## Ideggan n wemɣay
Tafuzzalt d imɣi yettilin deg wemda n ilel agrakal aladɣa deg yidurar.

## Tilmas
* Tafuzzalt tamanṭadṭ — (*Cistus ladanifer*).
* Tafuzzalt tumellilt — (*Cistus albidus*).
* Tuzzalt — (*Cistus monspeliensis*).
* Butwunas — (*cistus hirsutus*).

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Timdudferratin

**Timdudferratin** (assaɣ usnan: *Euphyllophytina*) d angazsartu amɣaw yeṭṭafaren imɣan igratyen

## Agzam

## Ẓeṛ daɣen

* Tasnudert

* Tagelda

* Tarselt

* Timesdurifsan
Adaryis

## Tilmas
* *[[Thapsia cinerea]]* A.Pujadas
* *[[Thapsia decussata]]* Lag.
* *[[Thapsia garganica]]* L.  
* *[[Thapsia gymnesica]]* Rosselló & A.Pujadas
* *[[Thapsia platycarpa]]* Pomel 
* *[[Thapsia minor]]* Hoffmans & Link
* *[[Thapsia nitida]]* Lacaita  
* *[[Thapsia villosa]]* L. 
* *[[Thapsia transtagana]]* Brot.

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Thapsia garganica, Thapsia villosa
*Isem-is s tefransist: Thapsie du Mont Gargan, Thapsie vélue
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Tuffalt, Aḍbib
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac
*Ɣas ma ur ttmaččan ara, iẓewṛan-is akked d wafriwen-is sewzagen-ten deg waman akked ttmlalin akken ttibaɛlalucin. Abbu nnsen ṣfruṛun yis seksu.
*Slafen yis timuẓẓag n testan uqbel ad nzent, akken ad bezgent dɣa ad banent d tid isɛan ayefki.
*Iẓuṛan-s mi ten-teddzeḍ ad ten-teṛṛeḍ di temda anda llan iselman ad ṣeṛɛen. Ma yella bnadem inul aderyis yedzen neɣ aman nni n temda ad yebzeg uglim-is.

## Tiwelhiwin
Tuffalt

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Thapsia villosa, Thapsia garganica
*Isem-is s tefransist: Thapsie vélue, Thapsie du Mont Gargan
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Adaryis, Aḍbib
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Asfarar

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Trifolium stellatum
*Isem-is s tefransist: Tréfle étoilé
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Tanzart n wemcic
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Ẓaɛter

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Thymus vulgaris, Thymus serpyllum
*Isem-is s tefransist: Thym commun, Serpolet
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: azuknni

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Tameẓra

**Tameẓra** neɣ **Arezma** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Origanum**) d tawsit n yimɣan yeṭṭafaren tawacult n timsefranin.

## Tilmas
* *[[Origanum acutidens]]*
* *[[Origanum amanum]]*
* *[[Origanum calcaratum]]*
* *[[Origanum compactum]]* Benth.
* *[[Origanum dictamnus]]* L.
* *[[Origanum laevigatum]]*
* *[[Origanum leptocladum]]*
* *[[Origanum libanoticum]]*
* *[[Mendaro (landarea)|Origanum majorana]]* L.
* *[[Origanum ×majoricum]]* Cambess.
* *[[Origanum microphyllum]]*
* *[[Origanum minutiflorum]]* O.Schwarz & P.H.Davis
* *[[Origanum onites]]* L.
* *[[Origanum rotundifolium]]* Boiss.
* *[[Origanum scabrum]]*
* *[[Origanum sipyleum]]*
* *[[Origanum syriacum]]* L.
* *[[Oregano|Origanum vulgare]]*

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Origanum vulgare
*Isem-is s tefransist: Origan
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Ẓaɛter n leqbayel
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 
## Tiwelhiwin
Cendgura

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Teucrium flavum, Teucrium polium, Ajuga iva
*Isem-is s tefransist: Germandrée jaune, Germandrée blanc-grisâtre, Bugle ivette ou Ivette musquée 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Cinkurat (Ajuga iva), Ckentura (Ajuga iva), Lmesk iẓekwan (Ajuga iva)
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac
Anesnas

**Anesnas** neɣ **Aleɣdim** d tugna tumgisnant tumeyint, Tettwabdar-d deg tgemmi taɣerfant tafulkluṛant, itett seg idammen n imuddiren imidduren (i mazal ddren).
Inesnasen iɣewwaɣen rezzun neɣ ttẓuren-d iẓuran-nsen, gellun-asen-d s tɣassirin tifekkanin d tusnamnanin yerna deg tikwal niden zemren ad ten-nɣen. Ttwaglamen d akken-iten d icafcalen, taskant-nsen tmal ɣer tezweɣ, dɣa aglam-a yemgarad ɣef inesnasen n tura, acku wid n tura talɣa-nsen d tin iqqaccwen, d tuwriɣt.

## [[Tasnettit|Aẓaṛ n wawal]]

## Deg [[asaru|isura]]

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Amsaɣsi

**Amsaɣsi** d tugna tasugnant yuttuskin (yettwabnan) ɣef umeyin n tuɣalin n wergaz ar waɣsi mara ad ittwakmal wayyur deg yal aggur, iy tteddu deg yak ideg aladɣa deg taganin anda yettunag (yettnadi) ɣef  tiɣtas, Maca mara ad tali tfukt yettuɣal d afgan akken yella ya, Amsaɣsi d tugna id yettbanayen deg waṭas n tmucuha d tenfusin n ussugen d tugdi

## Amsaɣsi deg umezruy
Tadayra n Imceddalen

Tadayra n imceddalen (s taɛrabt: دائرة امشداله, s tefransist: Daïra de M'Chedallah) d yiwwet n tdayra Taqbaylit i yellan deg twilayt n Tubiret deg Lezzayer, tamanaɣt-is d tamdint n imceddalen neɣ akken i as-semman iṛumiyen *Mayu* (Maillot).
Tadayra n Imceddalen tezga-d deg usamar n Tubiret, ɣur-s talast akked twilayt n Tizi Wezzu seg ugafa, talast akked twilayt n Bgayet d twilayt n Burǧ Bu Aɛririǧ seg usamar.

=Tiɣiwanin=
Tadayra n Imceddalen ɣur-s sḍis (6) n tɣiwanin:
* Imceddalen (Mayu)
* Ṣaḥariǧ
* Aḥnif
* Ccerfa
* At Menṣur
* Aɣbalu
Aric

**Aric** neɣ **Akrabuc**

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Acer sp
*Isem-is s tefransist: Erables
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Adargi
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Waẓṛilal

## Tilmas

## Ismawen

*Isem-is s latinit: Ammi majus
*Isem-is s tefransist: Ammi commun, Ammi élevé
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac
Tifesnext

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Daucus Carota
*Isem-is s tefransist: Carotte cultivée
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Uffal

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Ferula communis
*Isem-is s tefransist: Férule commune
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Ajelqaḍ
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin