Tasnilest tamatut

## Amata ɣef umeslay d tutlayin

### Ameslay, Tutlayt, Timetti
Iwakken ad negzu amkan n tutlayt d wazal-is deg tudert n umdan, ilaq ad nwali assaɣen yellan gar tinikti-ya (tutlayt) akked snat n tniktiwin-nniḍen : ameslay d tmetti. 

#### Ameslay
Ameslay, yemgarad ɣef tutlayt. Imesnilsen (Ferdinand de Saussure, Noam Chomsky), ttwalin ameslay am wakken d tazmert tabyulujit i d-yettawi yal amdan deg wallaɣ-is mi ara d-ilal. Tazmert-a, terza anagar amdan, ur tt-nettaf ara ɣer yimuduren-nniḍen. Talɣiwin n teywalt ara naf ɣer kra n yimuduren, am tzizwa neɣ ibkan, mgaradent aṭas ɣef tulmisin n umeslay n umdan. Daɣ, ameslay d tagrumma n yilugan imadwanen s wacu i yezmer umdan ad yelmed tutlayin, ama d tin n tyemmat neɣ tid-nniḍen.  

#### Tutlayt
Am wakken i nwala, d tazmert n umeslay (ilugan imadwanen) i d-yettaken tutlayt neɣ tutlayin (ilugan ikmamen). Ihi, ameslay yezdi akk imdanen yerna yiwen i yellan. Ma d tultayin, gtent, mgaradent akken mgaradent tmettiyin d yimdanen i tent-yessawalen deg umaḍal. Tutlayt d allal n teywalt gar yimdanen n yiwet n temɣiwent tutlayant.  

#### Timetti
Amdan ɣas yettawi-d yid-s tazmert n umeslay mi ara d-ilal, ur issawaḍ ara ad yelmed tutlayt ma ur d-yekkir ara gar yemdanen. Ɣef wakka ur tezmir ad tili tutlayt war ma tella tmetti. Am wakken daɣ tudert tanmettit teqqen ɣer tutlayt acku s tutlayt i ttmsefhamen medden, s yes-s i d-senfalayen assaɣen yettilin gar-asen. Yal aɣref, meẓẓi neɣ meqqer, ila tutlayt i yessemras d allal n teywalt.  

#### Tutlayin deg umaḍal/tutlayin n umaḍal
Gtent tutlayin deg umaḍal akken gten yiɣerfan d temɣiwanin i tent-yessawalen. Ɣas azal-nsent yiwen, ur telli tin i d-yekkan nnig tayeḍ. Tutlayin-a mgaradent deg waṭas n tulmisin, gar-asent : amḍan n yimsiwal, tugnatin n usemres d twuriwin ay sɛant, aẓayer-nsent, atg.

##### Amḍan n tutlayin deg umaḍal
Seg uɣbalu ɣer wayeḍ, amḍan i d-ttaken yimnadiyen ɣef umḍan n tutlayin yellan deg umaḍal yettemgirid. Llan gar-asen wid i d-yefkan amḍan n 5.000 n tutlayin, wiyyaḍ ssulin-t armi 7.000. Tamgard-ya tekka-d seg wugur i d-nettmagar mi ara nebɣu ad neg tilisa gar tutlayin neɣ gar tentaliwin. Deg wanida kra n yimesnilsen ttwalin snat neɣ tlata n tentaliwin icudden ɣer yiwet n tutlayt, wiyyaḍ zemren ad walin snat neɣ tlata n tutlayin yemgaraden.

##### Amḍan n yimsiwlen
Nezmer ad nebḍu tutlayin n umaḍal ilmend n umḍan n yimsiwlen-nsent. Llant tid i ssawalen nnig n mya n yimelyan n yimdanen : tamandarint, taglizit, taspenyulit, tahendit, atg. Akken llant tid i ssawalen kra n 1000 neɣ ddaw n 1000 (kra seg tutlayin n Wamaẓun d Tefriqt). Gar sin n yixfawen-a, ad naf tutlayin-nniḍen : talmanit (95.000.000), taṭelyanit (80. 000.000), takatalunit (10. 000. 000), tabaskit (800.000), atg. Ma d tutlayin ur nli wid i tent-yessawalen, ttusemmant d tutlayin yemmuten.

##### Tutlayin yuran/tutlayin timawin
Deg tadra-nsent, tutlayin akk d timawin. Almend n yinmezrayen, tira d tamaynut deg umezruy n talsa; tennulfa-d i tikkelt tamezwarut deg Sumer (Asamer Alelmmas) azal n 5.000 n yiseggasen aya. ɣas akken tira tettak afud i tutlayt, d allal n tneflit n yidles d tɣerma, drus n yiɣerfan i tt-yessemrasen. Dɣa amur ameqqran n tutlayin qqiment ar assa d timawin. Gar yigduden yessemrasen tira, llan wid i tt-isekcmen deg yal taɣult (tasekla, tasreḍt, tussna, taywalt, atg.). ɣur wiyaḍ, ad tt-naf anagar deg kra n taɣulin kan.
## Iḥricen d taɣulin tigejdanin n Tesnilest
*Tamsislit : D tussna, tzerrew imesla i d-yettefɣen seg taɣect n umdan ;
*Tasnimeslit : Tzerrew tawuri i lan yimesla d yimeslicen n yiwet n tutlayt ;
*Tasnalɣa : D tussna , tzerrew talɣiwin n wawalen Alɣac/Awalec ;
*Taseddast : Tzerrew amek i ddsent tefyar akked d wawalen i yellan deg-sent ;
*Tasnamka : Tzerrew anamek n wawal ;

## Umuɣ n yidlisen