Ibn al-Xettab

**Samir Saleḥ Ɛebdella Al Suwaylim** ( s taɛrabt سالم صالح عبد 14 , الله السويلم  yebrir 1963 neɣ1969 -20 meɣres 2002 ) yettwassen aṭas s yisem n **Ibn al-Xettab** ( qqaren-as daɣen **amir xettab** , anamek-is agellid Xettab , aɣella Xettab neɣ aqerru Xettab ) , ilul-d deg tgelda tasaɛudit taɛrabt , d amǧahed i ytekkan deg ṭṭrad acicani wis sin .

Tmmad n tidet n Xettab ur twaleknent ara , mazal wid icukken deg-sent xas akka yemmut , mi d yemmeslay gma-s i uɣmis . Yemmut deg 20 meɣres 2002 imi ymass tabrat yesɛan ssem , i sd-rran seg leqdic n laman arusi .

Nnan-d fella-s belli yetbeɛ lǧihad asalafi , tamussni-agi i yesɛa aṭas deg umaḍal ineslem imi yezzi-d waṭas n tmura-nsen , ilul deg Suɛudiya , yennuɣ deg Afɣanistan , Ṭajikstan d Daɣistan di taggara deg Cican , yernu daɣen imi yemmeslay aṭas n tutlayin : taɛrabt, tarusit , tanglizit , tafarsit , tacicanit , tabectunit d tkurdit dɣa yeqreb ɣer wulawen n yimezdaɣ imi yettmeslayasen s tutlayin-nsen , d annecta i yesseḥman idammen n yimǧuhad akken ad dduklen yid-s , yella daɣen yessen asexdem n wallalen imaynuten yessexdem-iten i usellez n yimǧuhad .

## tudert

### tudert n temẓi
Ilul-d Xettab s yisem n Samir ibn Saleḥ al-Sawylim deg Ɛerɛar , Suɛudiya , itekka ɣer udrum n Suwaylim , d adrum war-axxam yellan deg umalu n ugafa n Suɛudiya tella daɣen deg unẓul n Urdun , ardekal Xettab yuɣal iteddu gar snat n tmura-agi melmi i yebɣa .

seg wansi id-yekka Xettab d asasten meqqren , kra nnan-d belli aseggas n tlalit-is d 1963 deg Urdun daɣen yettusemma deg tlalit-is s yisem n Ḥabib Ɛeb-Rreḥman Ibn al-Xettab , daɣen qqaren-d belli yemma-s d tasurit taterkmanit .

Yettwaglem-d am unelmad iḥercen mliḥ , yuwi-d 94 seg twines deg yikayaden n tsenawit , yella yebɣa ad ikemmel ulmud-is deg tseddawiyin n yiwunak yedduklen , xas akken iḥemmel ibidyuten tinselmin , macci akka am watmaten-is ur necliɛ deg tikti tineslemt , sawalen-as Xettab ɣef yisem n lxalifa wis sin deg tneslemt Ɛumar IIbn el Xettab . Yeṭṭef aɣara mi yella yettnaɣ deg Afɣanistan , i yebdan deg 1987 , deg leɛmer n 17 n yiseggasen , mi ytekka d wafɣanen iɛraben mgal taddukli tasubyitit .

### Asya talemmast d lbelqan
Mi yesɛa 17 n yiseggasen deg yila-s , yeǧǧa xettab suɛudiya akken ad itekki deg yimenɣi mgal tadukli tasubyitit mi kecmen yisubyitiyen Afɣanistan . Deg wakud-agi dinna iḥuza afus-is ayeffus ruḥen-as aṭas n yiḍudan ardekal aṭerḍeq n yiwet n lbumba . Yesseḥla Xettab iman-is s yiman-is imi yerra tamment ɣef lǧerḥ-nni .

Xettab , yella d aɣella n terbaɛt tineslemt izegren timura , medden akk steɛrifen belli yedder seg 1989 armi d 1994 deg afɣanistan yernu yeẓra-d Usama ben Laden . Di meɣres 1994 , yuweḍ-d Xettab ɣer Afɣanistan yesselmed imenɣi i yemǧuhad deg yigiṭunen n uwanek n Xust  . Yuɣal-d daɣen ɣer Afɣanistan akked terbaɛt tamezzwarut n yiserdasen icicaniyen deg mayyu 1994 . Xettab yesselmed aṭas deg Afɣanistan yesɛa aṭas n wassaɣen d laqaɛida . Aṭas n twinsat n yicicaniyen lemden deg yigiṭunen n lqaɛida amennuɣ deg Afɣanistan .

Nna-d yiɣbula n Arminya belli deg 1992 yella d yiwen seg waṭas n yicicaniyen id-yeggren iman-nsen i yimenɣi ɣer tama n Azebijan deg temnaḍt n Nagurnu-Karabax , ideg yeẓra Camil Basayib . Maca , tanɣelfa tazebijanit n uḥuddu tenker tallit n Xettab deg yimenɣi amezzwaru ɣef nagurnu Karabax .

Seg 1993 ar 1995 , yerra Xettab ɣer Ṭajikistan akken ad yeddukel d terbaɛin tinselmit i ytekkan deg nfaq n daxel aṭajiki . Send tiǧǧin n Ṭajikistan deg 1994 , yefka-as xettab i Ɛebdelkarim Xeḍr awtul-ines , i ysemma din din Xettab .

Deg temlilit , yenna-d xettab yiwet n tikelt belli itekka deg nnfaq n Lbusna . Nezmer ad naf awalen agi deg yiwet n temlilit i texdem BBC deg 2004 *The Smell of Paradise* , ideg ur d-yenni ara d acu yexdem deg tmurt--nni mi yella yettnaɣ yid-s .

### Nnfaq acicani amezzwaru
Akken id-yulles gma-s n Xettab , yesla i ubrid amezzwaru ɣef yimenɣi di Cican deg tiliẓri tafɣanit deg 1995 ; deg useggas-nni , yekcem Cican yerra iman-is d aneɣmas deg tiliẓri . Yella d netta i yxeddmen tibidyutin ɣef yigrawliwen n Cican mi xeddmen leqdic-nsen , akken ad d-yerbeḥ ulawen n wid i t-yettwalin ad as-fken idrimen neɣ ad d-asen s timmad-nsen ɣer yimenɣi deg Cican , netta s yiman-is yuɣal yettwassen mliḥ deg 1996 mi d-yessugen s yiman-is asṭerḍeq-ines n yiwet n tmacint tarusit deg Catuy . Macci aṭas seg mi d-yuweḍ yuɣ yiwet n tmeṭṭut seg ccetla n Lak n Daɣistan , d weltma-s n Nadir Xacilyeb , yiwen yessawalen ɣer unbaḍ n ccariɛa tineslemt , yernu d aɣella n tiddukla n yinselmen n Rusya , i ywala d abrid akken ad yuɣal yimenɣi ɣef timunent n Cican yettwassen deg umaḍal kamel .

Deg yimenɣi acicani amezzwaru , itekka Xettab deg yimenɣi mgal yirusiyen , yexdem am wassaɣ n tifkin n yidrimen gar yinselmen n berra n Cican d wid n daxel-is . Akken ad yeggri laman deg yidrimen i asen-yettunefkan daɣen akken ad taweḍ tebrat n tegrawla , yella yeteddu akked yiwen n yimsuggen " cameraman " .

tarbaɛt i yettenbaḍ texdem aṭas n twaɣiyin i yiserdasen irusiyen tesseṛwa-asen lemṛar deg yidurar n Cican . Tigawt-is tamenzut tella deg tuber n 1995 imi yeḥbes yiwet n terbaɛt yesɛan 47 n yiserdasen irusiyen . Xettab yettwassen aṭas yuwi*-d karuh seg Rrus imi yeɣḍel tamacint meqqren yettawin leslaḥ di yebrir 1996 deg Yarismadi ɣer tama n Catuy , i deg yenɣa 100 n yiserdasen ihudd akken snat neɣ kraḍ n tkeryas meqqren . deg temlilit nniḍen ɣer tama n Bedeno , yenɣa akter n 28 n yiserdasen irusiyen .

Mi yettkemmil nnfaq , yuɣal Camil Basayeb d ameddakel-is i yqerben ɣer wul-is . Yeddukel daɣen akked Zelimxan Yandarbiyeb i yefkan i Xettab sin n warazen ɛlayen meqqren deg yiserdasen n Cican , araz n nnif d waraz n ugrawliw bu tebɣest , yessuli-t ɣer wadeg n ujiniral .

Yenna-d uɣella acicani i yettusemman Smaɛilub amek  i asen-yeqqar Xettab belli ilaq ad ṭṭfen reffu-nsen , yeqqar-asen ssurat seg udlis n tira n Leqran , imi deg taggara n nnfaq llan bɣan yicicaniyen ad wten s rṣas yal win i ysenzen tamurt .

### Cican
Mi tyekfa ṭṭrad , Xettab , i ɣef-yettnadi linterbul i wumi d-suter Rusya anadi-agi , yuɣal d yiwen seg yigeldunen n nnfaq meqqren , yernu d aɣella n yimǧuhad iɛraben n Cican , d tarbaɛt mm leslaḥ-ines weḥd-s tesɛa igrawliwen iɛraben iterkiyen d kra n yigrawliwen seg berra n Cican id-yusan akken ad ttekin deg ṭṭrad . Yexdem azeṭṭa n yigiṭnen n uselmed i yiserdasen deg yidurar n tgduda macci kan icicanen maca ula d wid id-yekkan seg lquqaz d Asya talemmast .

Deg 22 duǧember 1997 , ardekal yiwen n useggas ɣef uxdam n umsefhem n Xasab-Yurt i yekfan ṭṭrad amenzu n Cican , imǧuhad iɛraben d terbaɛt n yigrawliwen idaɣistaniyen ɣeḍlen tabrigadt tis 136 d uḥric wis 58 n yiserdasen irusiyen deg Byunaksk , Daɣistan .

### Nnfaq di Daɣistan
Deg 1998 , ɣer tama n Camil basayib , Xettab yesnulfa-d Muzhil ul Shura n tiddukla n yimǧuhad ( asqamu n yigrawliwen yettubarken yedduklen ), asqamu n temlilit n yimezdaɣ n Daɣistan d Ičkinya , d ugraw ineslem bu leqdic meqqren ( SPIR - tam : GNLM ) , d ukabar ineslem . Tarbaɛt n uḥraz n laman izegren timura ( IIPB - tam : RḤLZT ) ( yettwasnen daɣen s yiserdasen i yqeddcen i uḥraz n laman n yinselmen ) d terbaɛt n tlawin ineqqen iman-nsent s uṭerḍeq n lbumbat , lkatiba **yeḥwaǧ awal amaziɣ** Riyadus-Salixin n unadi d usexseṛ yettabaɛen imeɣnasen ( ccuhada ) icicaniyen . Di Ɣuct-Ctember 1999 , texdem terbaɛt n IPB kra n leqdic d yimenɣi yenɣan ugar n twines n yimdanen akka i yebda ṭṭrad acicani wis sin .

### Lbumbat n 1999 di Rusya
Yenna-d yiwen n walllal n leqdic afidirali n laman n tfidralit tarusit ( FBS) i yxedmen anadi nnan-d belli Xettab  d nettta i d allaɣ i yxedmen asṭerḍeq n lbumbat d yiwammen di Rusya deg ctember 1999 , deg 14 ctember 1999 , yenna-d Xettab i uɣmis n Interfaks deg Ɣuruni belli ur yesɛi ara assaɣ d usṭerḍerq-agi , yenna-d " ur nebyi ara ada nili am widak-nni i yneqqen imezdaɣ s lbumbat d timsrafgin .

Ɣas akken , nnan-d kra n yineɣmasen  d yimusnawen n umezruy yeddren deg umalu belli lbumbat-nni llant d tikerkas , fd Rrus i tent-ixedmen s lemɛamda akken ad t-id-gren ɣef yicicaniyen ad ten-ɣeḍlen , yernu ad sɛun azref akken ad uɣalen ɣer leqdic n yiserdasen . Gar wid i yettamnen s tikti-agi amnai deg tseddawit n Hubkenz Dibid sater , d yimusnawen n umezruy : Yuri Flčenski , d Ami Nayt d Karin Dwica , d uɣella meqqren Aleksandr Litibinku i yeffɣen i leqdic uffir , yemmuten s ssem deg Lundun .

Ɣas akken , yella unekcum arusi ɣer Daɣistan di Ɣuct 1999 d tamentilt tagejdant imi yekker nnfaq acicani wis sin .

### Nnfaq acicani wis sin
Mi yekker nnfaq deg 2000 , yeṭṭef Xettab anbaḍ n yimǧuhad iɛraben deg Cican itekka deg umennuɣ mgal yiserdasen irusiyen deg Cican , akken yemhel leqdic n usekcem n yimennaɣen iɣriben d udrim ( daɣen akken id-qqaren irusdiyen , axemmem i uxdam n lbumbat d timenɣiwt di Rusya ). 

Yexdem aṭas n leqdayec iǧehden deg useggas-agi , akka am tnegluft n udrar  , i yenɣan ugar n 67 n yirusiyen i ylemden ulmud meqqren deg leqdic n nnfaq , daɣen tanṭagt ɣef terbaɛt n UMUN tama n Zhani-Bedenu  , ideg yenɣa ugar n 3 n yiserdasen irusiyen itekkan deg leqdic n tɣelfa n daxel 

Yedder Xettab , xas akken tḥuza-t terṣast deg uɛebbuḍ-is , d lbumba i yet)ṭerḍqen s ddaw n yiḍarren-is .

### Lmut d tukksa
Yemmut Xettab s wuɣes di 20 meɣres 2002 , mi as-yefka yiwen n yimceyyeɛ adaɣistani i tuɣ Rusya d FSB tabrat yesɛan uɣes , yella Xettab yeqqar tibratin n yemma-s seg Suɛudiya , yufa-d usqamu n laman afidrali belli d wagi i d akud n lɛali akken ad t-nɣen , nnant-d tɛellamin belli asekcem n Brahim leɛlawi ,ɣer FSB , d tifkin-is n tebrz-agi yeččuren d uɣes , syin yefka Basayeb lamer ad nadin ɣef Ɛlawri yettwanɣa di Baku deg Azebijan , yeṭṭef ugeldun Abu Lawlid adeg n Xettab .

Skadben ɣef lmut-is mi yesla umeḥbus deg usekraf n Gwantanamu belli yettwanɣa Xettab deg yiwet n Tenṭagt di Jurjya deg 28 yebrir 2002  deg tassart n Dwisi .

Xettaba (хаттабка ) d isem n yiwet n lbumba tacicanit yettwasnen mliḥ ass-a .