Faḍma n Sumer

Lalla **Faḍma n Sumer** d tameṭṭut Taqbaylit ikecmen deg umezruy n tmurt s ibeddi-is deg wudem n

## Tameddurt-is
Lalla Faḍma n Summer neɣ Faḍma n At Si Ḥmed U Mezian n Warja, d tameṭṭut i ikecmen deg umezruy n tmurt s ibeddi-is deg wudem n wemnekcan afransis. Tlul deg useggas 1830, aseggas ideg d-kecmen Iṛumyen tamddint n Dzayer, deg taddart n Werja, deg lɛerc n At-Buyusef. Taddart n Werja tezga-d deg webrid yettawin seg Aṣqif n Ṭmana ɣer Tizi n Tirurda, deg wul n Ǧerǧer. Isem n Summer i tewwi Faḍma, d isem n yiwet n taddart nniḍen ur nebɛid ara ɣef Werja anda i tedder Faḍma.

### Temẓi-s
Tekker-d deg yiwet n twacult n yemrabḍen, nettat d yiwet n weltma-s d kuẓt (4) watmaten-is. Baba-s Muḥend Ameẓyan At Sidi Ḥmed, yeɣra Leqran, d aɛeggal n Ṭariqa Taṛeḥmanit, i d-yeskker Sidi Ɛebdeṛeḥman Bu sin Iẓekwan deg useggas 1715. Asmi tewweḍ ṣa (7) n yiseggasen deg usemmud-is, tawacult-is teǧǧa Warja, tṛuḥ ɣer Summer anda yuɣal baba-s d Ccix n taddart.

Faḍma tettuṛebba-d, am nettat am teḥdayin n tallit-nni, deg wansayen d leɛwayed n Leqbayel n zik. Maca, tewwi-d tikli nniḍen, yemgarraden d tin tezyiwin-is. Ur tettaɣ ara awal n yimawlan-is, tettefeɣ ɣer beṛṛa ɣer wennar n yergazen, ɣas akken tilawin n yimir-nni amkan-nsen deg wexxam, yerna dɣa ma yella d tamrabeḍt. Teffeɣ d *tamnafeqt*. Yuɣal d ttawin-tt medden d anzi, tin yekkren ɣer tayeḍ ad as-tini tuɣaleḍ d *Lalla n Werja*, ma deg yella tefka lebɣi i lebɣi-is, ur teṭṭif ara deg leɛwayed n zik. Baba-s d watmaten-is ḥeṣlen deg-s, tagi d tamsalt n *nnif*, gma-s akken ad tt-iɛaqeb, ḥebsen-tt deg wexxam acḥal n wussan.

### Faḍma tura d tameṭṭut
Asmi tewweḍ 16 n yiseggasen, yenna-as baba-s : *A Faḍma, aqli-kem-id tura d tameṭṭut, ilaq-am ad terreḍ axxam*. Tenna-as : *ur lliɣ seg tid yettarran ixxamen, a-t-an ara yi-d-ttasen kra n temsal meqqren d tid kan ara ḍefreɣ*. Baba-s, tebda tkeccem-it tugdi, awal ara yettazal, heddren, qqaren-as, ahat ur teṣfi ara. Akken ad tbeggen tidet, Faḍma terḍa ad teddu d tislit. Yuɣ-itt Yeḥya n At-Buxulaf n taddart n Ɛeskker deg lɛerc n At-Yetturaɣ. Teqqim deg wexxam n wergz-is ṣa (7) wassan tuɣal-d ɣer Summer.

Deg tallit-nni, Aṛumi yebda yettaɣ-d tamurt n Leqayel. Deg 1837, yeṭṭef tamdint n Delles. Ssyin akkin, d nnuba n Budwaw, Tizi n At-Ɛica, Lberj-n-Mnayel, Dreɛ Lmizan d Tizi-Wezzu ad ɣlint ddaw tecḍaḍt-is. Seg yimir-n i iɛewwel ad yeɣḍel Adrar n Nnif, imir-n, i tekcem Faḍma annar umennuɣ.

### Ussan n tegrawla

Deg 1849, tesdukkel amennuɣ d Si Muḥemmed Lhacimi, yiwen n wergaz i yettekkan deg tnekra d-yeskker Bu Taɣaḍt (Bu Meɛza) deg Ḍahra, deg umalu n Lezzayer tamaneɣt. Wagi ṭṭfen-t Iṛumyen ɣer lḥebs deg Fṛansa, yessaweḍ yerwel-d, yuɣal-d ɣer tmurt anda d-yufa yeḥma useqi. Tadukli n sin yelmeẓyen-a, tessaɣ amennuɣ deg yal amkan deg Ǧerǧer, ssawlen i Yeqbayliyen ad beggsen ad nnaɣen mgal acengu. D amennuɣ ara idumen i teɣzi n yiseggasen.

Ssyin akkin, Faḍma n Summer tessunded tanekra n Bu Tserdunt (Bubeɣla) s yisem-is n tidet : Muḥemmed Ben Ɛebdelmalek, i d-yekkan seg tama n utaram. Tessudes amennuɣ deg Ǧerǧer, tuɣal d ccif ɣef yiserdasen i d-teskker, i d-yekkan seg leɛrac am At-Yetturaɣ, At-Buyusuf, At-Yellilten, Illulen-Umalu… Tebḍa-ten ɣef sin yegrawen : amenzu d imusseblen d wid tettawin isalen, wis d iɛerḍiyen i *tmettant* neɣ iserdasen s leslaḥ. Tessuter deg At-Yiraten ad ɣzen tisrafin, i At-Yellilten ad xedmen akal akken ad afen d acu ara ččen deg tegnit n umennuɣ, i At-Iḥitussen, Dderna, Illulen, Tiziḍt d Texliǧt-Iḥeddaden ad d-xedmen ibeckiḍen d lbaṛud. Ass n 7 Yebrir 1854, iserdasen n Lqebṭan Wolf ẓedment-d ɣef wedrar,. Faḍma yesduklen iɣil d trebuyaɛ n Bu Tserdunt, temmuger-iten ɣer Wasif Userdun (Sibaɛu), deg Yiɛezzugen. Ɣas akken ugaren-ten Yiṛumyen acḥal yid-sen, yerna ifen-ten leslaḥ, maca, lɛesker n Fṛansa yuɣal ɣer deffir zdat n tyitwin n yiserdasen n Faḍma n Summer.

Ger yimennuɣen imeqqran nniḍen i yekkren ger Leqbayel d lɛesker n Fṛansa, d win yeṭṭreḍqen deg wemkan imi qqaren Tacekkirt, deg At-Buyusef, ger 16 d 19 n waggur n Yulyu 1854. Din ččan Iṛumyen tiyita akken ur nwin, Marical Randon yeǧǧa deffir-s 25 seg yifesyanen-is, akk d wugar n 800 seg yiserdaen-is, ma d wid nniḍen selkenten iḍarren-nsen. M’akken yerwel yenna-asen i Leqbayel : “Ad d-uɣaleɣ”.

Ger 1845 d 1856, Ǧerǧer kkan-as-d seg yal tama, lɛesker d-yekkan seg Tizi-Wezzu d win d-yekkan seg Qsenṭina d-izegren ɣef Bgayet. Deg Yulyu 1857, lɛesker n Rondon d win n Faḍma mlalen deg Yiceṛṛiḍen, yekker imenɣi ger sin yemrigen. Amḍan n yiserdasen n Fṛansa yugaren s waṭas Iqbayliyen akk d leslaḥ i tesseqdec Fṛansa deg umenuɣ-a tessaweḍ ad tessenger yes-s almi d aneggaru seg yiserdasen n Faḍma. Tabɣest d tissas n wid yennuɣen ɣef tleli-nsen ur ay tezmir sdat n wehdum d-yeɣlin fell-asen.

### Iseggasen-is ineggura

M-akken i tt-senzen, Jeanne d’arc nneɣ akken i s-yessawal Rondon i Faḍma, yeɣli-d fell-as Jiniral Yusef, tameddit n wahvggutugutugjss, deg taddart n Texliǧt At-Ɛettu yeṭṭef-itt netta akk d tid-nni yellan yid-s. Wwin-tt ɣer Tmezgida, nnig Iferḥunen, anda yessers lekka-s Marical Rondon. Ssyin rran-tt ɣer lḥebs nettat d gma-s Si Ṭaher akk d 200 n yemdanen nniḍen i yettwaṭṭfen, deg Temɛemmert n Sidi Sliman deg Teblaḍt (ger Mdiya d Ṣṣur Lɣezlan) almi d asmi i temmut deg Ctembeṛ 1863, ɣef 33 n yiseggasen.

Ugar n ṣa (7) yiserdasen n umennuɣ, Fṛansa, seg twaṭṭfa n Faḍma n Summer, teṛza Tanekra n Yeqbayliyen ɣef tlelli-nsen, teṛza Adrar n Nnif, teṛza Tajmaɛt n tudrin, tṛessa deg wemkan-is tadbelt-ines deg tamurt n Leqbayel ugar n lqern.

## Amezruy d yidles
Ass n 3 Yulyu 1995, wwin-d iɣsan-is ɣer Lɛalia anda teḍḍlen imeɣrasen n Tegrawla deg tmaneɣt. Almi d imir-n i yestaɛref uwanek azzayri s umennuɣ-is mgal amnekcan afṛansis. D acu kan anecfu aɣerfan ɣef Faḍma yezga yedder. Inzi: *ɣer deffir d Faḍma ɣer sdat d tiṛṣaṣin*, qqaren-t medden ɣef wayen i yettraǧǧun wid-nni yettnaɣen lawan-nni, ma yella rran taqejirt ɣer deffir. Akken diɣen ara naf ddeqs n yisefra fell-as, d tajmilt ɣef yiseɣ tla. Kra seg-sen:
*Ass n larbɛa teṣebḥit
*Ass-nni ɣef medden yeẓwer
*Tafejrit mazal itran
*Xati n win izerbzn yefḍer
*Deg Yiceṛṛiḍen i temḥallas
*Yexleḍ wemnay d lɛesker
*Yekker uɛeǧǧaǧ n leɣmam
*Deg tegnaw yuli iḍer
*Seg kra n win iḥedṛen dinna
*Xati n win imi ɣezif leɛmer
*Marican bab n ukembbas
*Deg yixef-is i iferru ccweṛ
*Lalla Faḍma i d-nettzuru 
*Lal izebgan d lǧuheṛ
*D Leǧninar i d lewkil-is
*Weltma-s n Sidi Ṭaher

*Amalah a Faḍma n Summer
*Lal n wemzur d lḥenni
*Isem-is inuda leɛrac
*Tura tɣab ur telli
*A-tt-an deg Sidi Sliman
*Ru a yiẓri d leḥmali

## Idlisen fell-as
*Les Berbères Célèbres, M.A.Haddadou, Tiẓrigin Berti, Lzzayer tamaneɣt, 2003 
*Hommes et Femmes de Kabylie, DBK, Tiẓrigin Edisud, Aix-En-Provence, 2001 
*Faḍma n Summer, Bitam Boukhalfa, Tiẓrigin Aurassi, 2001 
*Femmes d’Algérie, J.Dejeux, Tiẓrigin Epigraphe, Lzzayer tamaneɣt, 1994 
*L’insurrection de la Grande Kabylie, C.Robin, Tiẓrigin Henri Charles Laranzelle, Paris 
*Promenades en temps de guerre chez les Kabyles, F.Hun, Tiẓrigin Challamel, Paris, 1860 
*Histoire de l’Algérie contemporaine, J.A.Julien, Tiẓrigin PUF, Paris, 1964. 
*Faḍma n Summer, M.S.Feredj, Tasɣunt Revue Historique Maghreébine, 1979.

## Tamesluyt
*http://tameddurt.com/spip.php?rubrique34#Idlisen  fell-as
*http://tinmel-tamazight.blogspot.com/2011/03/lalla-fadma-n-summer-1830-1863.html
*https://we-nudes.com