open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Polandball

**Polandball** anamek: ddabex apuluni, yettwasnen daɣen s yisem n **countryball**, d agbur i d-yessukkus umseqdac internet meme i d-yekkan seg /int/ board n German imageboard Krautchan.net agraw n tugniwin di tmurt talmanit, taggara n useggas 2009. meme agi yettban-d deg aṭas n taffiwin n isefka. Aɣanib n tesfift tunuɣt yezmer asensemmi Polandball (ɣas akken ulac tapulunit deg unuɣen imrayen)

## Amezruy
Polandball yewwi-d aẓar-is di ɣuct 2009 *cyberwar*: ṭrad iẓeḍwan ger imseqdacen n internet ipuluniyen d wid umaḍan merra deg asmel drawball.com, asmelweb i yefkan ahlis abeckil yeǧǧan imseqdacen ad unuɣen ayen isen yehwan, tikti tusa-d anda ad sleqdeḍ asenǧaq n tmurt Tapulunit ɣer ddabex, ayen yeǧǧan agimen n yipuluniyen ad arzun ɣer internet iwakken ad ṭfen unuɣ s yini acebḥan, s ufella-s azegwaɣ, yura deg-s POLSKA di tlemmast.

Krautchan.net d "imageboard" tafelwit tugniwin s tmeslayt talmanit anida /INT/ board (tafelwit) rezzun-d ɣur-s wid yettmeslayen s tegyizit. Tazwara n Polandball meme d ayla n Falco, yiwen wegyizi n /INT/, i d-yesnulfan di Ctamber 2009 meme isseqdacen MS Paint s tɣara n tsartit i troll Wojak, yiwen upuluni di tfelwit (board) nni yettekka s yiwet n tegyizit ixewḍen, sin akkin irusiyen sunɣen Polandball s wunuɣen imrayen.

## Iswi

Iswi n Pollandball, d asegnes n tmurt tapulunit d umezruy-ines, assaɣen ines d tmura nniḍen. Meme agi yewwi-d taɣerfant seg-mi id ɣli Ṛṛupyan tmurt tapulunit anda yemmut uselway n tigduda Lech Kaczyński, tamurt tapulunit tettwaru s uzegwaɣ yef ucebḥan, d asenǧaq tmurt s-uzyag, di tagara n unuɣ amray tamurt tettru.

Kra n wunuɣen Polland ball iswi nsen d akken tamurt n arruss tezmer ad tali s igenni ma d Tapulunt ur tezmir ara, yiwen s unuɣen imrayen Pollandball yettwasnen yemmaled d akken amaḍal ad tyewwet yiwen weẓru ameqqṛan. Timura yark izemren iyiman-nsent ad rewlent s igenni ad ttezzin ɣef umaḍal (akal), di tagara n unuɣ amray Tapulunt teqqimed deg akal tettru.

## Kra n ddabex tmura nniḍen (countryball)

Pollandball yezmer daɣen ad yili n tmura nniḍen umaḍan, ɣas akken isem-nsent yeqqim d Pollandball, neɣ country ball s unamek n ddabex tmura, aṭas n tmura i wum-id snulfan Pollandball nsent Marikan, Serbya,Kaṭlunya,Singapur ... d wiyaḍ, am akken tzemrem ad twalim di tugna yagi, ula d Tamazɣa tesɛa Pollandball ines.

## Tamselyut/Asadwal

* Polandball at Knowyourmeme.com
* Polandball at militaryphotos.net
Roger Federer

**Roger Federer** d amyurar n waddal n Tennis tmurt Taswist, ilul ass n 8 ɣuct 1981 di temdint n Bâle.
Yebda yetturar d trebbut (terbaɛt) tameqqṛant aseggas n 1998 , yewwi ideg amenzu n ubellez n ATP azal n 237 imalas yemsedfaren (285 alammi d 6 Yunyu 2010). Ass n 8 Yulyu 2012, yewwi tadwilt n Wimbledon i tikkelt tis sat (7), yeqḍa-d amyurar Pete Sampras deg umḍan n tedwilin n Wimbledon i yewwi akked imalas i yella di tqacucut n ubellez n ATP (Imalas wis 286).

Yewwi ar assa 77 izwilen, gar-asen 23 imeqqṛanen (17 n Grand Chelems d 6 teqbucin n Masters) d 20 n Masters 1000. Yewwi kuẓ (4) n telɣuɣa n Grand Chelem i yellan deg umaḍal, win n Melburn di Ustralya, win n RG di lpari tamurt n Fṛansa, win n Wimbledon di tmurt n Lengliz, win Flushing meadows di Timura Yedduklen n Marikan.

Deg ubellez n *Sports Illustrated* n useggas 2010, Roger Federer yella-d d anadal wis sin yettxelliṣen aṭas n yedrimen deffir Tiger Woods imi yeṣṣaweḍ ar assa azal n 72 Ifeḍ n dullar deg izwilen yark i yurar.

## Tameddurt

Ilul Roger Federer ass n 8 ɣuct 1981 di temdint n Bâle, yemma-s, Lynete n tefriqt n wenẓul, ma d baba-s d aswisit, Robert. Isin yid-sen xedmen di taɣult n tnesfarit. Roger d weltma-s tameqqṛant Diana idiren di temẓi-nsen di Münchenstein Taswist Talmanit. 
Tura Roger yettidir di Wollerau, tama n Schwytz, netta d tmeṭṭut-is Mirka d yessi-s takniwin Myla Rose d Charlene Riva. Yesɛa tanaslit Taswisit d tin n tefriqt n Unẓul.

Di temẓis Roger Federer yetturar daɣen ddabax uḍar, yella yezweṛ s waṭas, maca d addal n Tennis i yefren mi yella di Tam (8) iseggasen di lɛemṛis, ɣas akken mazal-it yeṭṭafaṛ ar assa u iḥemmel aṭas tarbaɛt n ddabax uḍar n FC Bâle.

## Amecwaṛ

### Amazray n unaddal

Roger Federer yeḥrez-d ar assa 75 azwilen deg ufrari d 8 (Tam) deg uslig irgazen. Yewwi azwel-ines amenzu aseggas n 2001, di dduṛt n Milan (indoor). Seg imir-nni yewwi 17 n tdurtin n Grand Chelem di 5 (sam) n tesniwin yemgaraden (si Talɣuɣa n Wimbledon 2003  ḥalarmi Talɣuɣa n Wimbledon 2012. Ala netta i iḥerzen azal n 6 sed n teqbucin n *[[Masters n tennis n yargazen|Masters Cup]]* (2003, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2010 d 2011) d wazal n 20 azwilen n *[[Masters 1000]]*. Aseggas n 2008 yewwi tazalɣi n uleɣ di talɣuɣa uslig n yargazen deg uraren ulampik n wezɣal 2008 di Pekin, akked umyurar Stanislas Wawrinka, asegwas n 2012 yewwi amḍiq wissin deg uraren ulampic n Londres mi yexṣer di tagara tedwilt aked Andy Murray.

### Amecwaṛ ines di [[Grand Chelem n tennis|Grand Chelem]]

### Amazray ines di [[Grand chelem de tennis|Grand Chelem]]
#### Tirennawin (17)

#### Tagara (8)

## Tamselyut

*    Site officiel
*    Asmel web unṣib n tdukli ines 
*  ''Vidéo :'' Roger Federer , akaram seg weɣbaṛen n Tele-iẓri Télévision suisse romande.
* http://www.lequipe.fr/
Meryl Streep

**Mary Louise Streep**, tlul ass n 22 yunyu 1949 di Summit awanak n New Jesey, d tasnegbart tamarikanit. ɣer waṭas n medden, d Meryl i d tasnebgart tameqqṛant di tallit tafrart, yella-d yisem-is azal n 17 n tikal deg arazen *Oscars* zdat Katharine Hepburn, tebwi araz agi 3 kṛaḍ n tikal, isegwasen n 1980,1983 d 2012.

Deg asarug, deg umezgun d tiliẓri turar aṭas n temliltin, am di *Kramer and Kramer* aseggas n 1979 anda turar d tameṭṭut tamezwarut n Dustin Hoffman, asaru i tt-yeǧǧan ad tawi *Oscar* n temlilt wis sin iten-t yifen. Timliltin ines nniḍen igarzen d tid n Out of Africa, anda tella d tamyarut Karen Blixen ɣer tama n Robert Redford d *Sophie's Choice* (sɣuṛ ungal n William Styron) anda turar tameṭṭut ijaṛben imḍiqen n lmut di ṭṛad n umaḍal tisnat, ayen itt yeǧǧan tikelt-a ad tawi Oscar n tesnegbart usegwas 1983.

Deg usaru *A Cry in the Dark* n Fred Cepisi tewwi araz di cannes/fṛansa asegwas n 1989. Turar d tameṭṭut n wexxam i yeɣlin di tayri ɣef yiwen umseknaw deg usaru *The Bridges of Madison County* ɣer tama n Clint Eastwood aseggas 1995, daɣen deg usaru *The Hours* ɣer tama n Nicole Kidman d Julianne Moore, iseggasen agi ineggura turar deg *The Devil Wears Prada* aked *Mamma Mia* !. Asegwas n 2012 tebwi araz n *Oscar* tesnebgart useggas i tikkelt tis kṛaḍ ɣef usaru *La Dame de fer* anda turar taneɣlaft tamezwarut n Lengliz Margaret Taččer
Richard Dean Anderson

**Richard Dean Anderson** Ricaṛ Din Anderṣun d asnebgar amarikani, ilul ass n 23 Yennayer aseggas 1950 di Minneapolis, awanak n Minnesota. Yettwassen aladɣa ɣef wurar-ines deg imazraren n tiliẓri MacGyver (1985-1994) d win n Stargate SG-1 (Tabwurt s itran) ger (1997-2007).
Marilyn Monroe

**Marilyn Monroe**, s yisem-is unṣib Norma Jeane Mortenson neɣ Norma Jeane Baker amaken yella di Nekwa-s, d tasnebgart d tacennayt tamarikanit, ilulen ass n umenzu  n yunyu 1926 deg Los Angels awanak n Kalifornia, yemmuten ass n 5 ɣuct aseggas n 1962 di temdint-a.

Tella di tazwara tqeddec am teknart, seg-mi i tt-iwala Howard Hughes is-yefkan tagnitt ad tezmel agatu akked 20th Centrury Fox aseggas 1947. Di tezwara n isegwasen 50 tuɣal d itri n Hollywood/Hulywuud, isura it urar yesɛan tarennawet tameqqṛant d wid n *Gentlemen Prefer Blondes*, *The Seven Year Itch* d *Some Like It Hot* i tt-yeǧǧan ad tawi arazn Golden Globe n tesnabgart usegwas n 1960.

Ɣas akken tettwasen nezzah, maca tudert-is tuqel d abrir, ma ad amecwaṛ-ines yeǧǧa-tt yal ass ur tesgiwen. Ar assa amentel n lmut ines mazal fella-s awal: tenɣa iman-is s yisufar neɣ d amenɣi aserti.

Aseggas n 1999 *American Film Institute* rran-tt d tasnebgart tameqqṛant tis setta tamarikanit n yal tallit deg ubellez *AFI's 100 Years ... 100 stars* AFI's 100 isegwasen ... 100 yitran.

## Isura anda turar
Hande Yener

Hande Yener isem-is unṣib d **Makbule Hande Özyener** (tlul ass 12 yennayer 1973 di Istambul) tacennayt n pop.
Albert Einstein

**Albert Einstein** d amesfizik ameẓray, yella di tazwara d alalmani, syinna mebla tamurt (1896), d aswisi (1901), syinna di taggara yerna-d taɣlent tamarikanit (1940). Ilul ass n 14 Meɣres 1879 di temdint n Ulm, Wutemberg, yemmut ass n 18 Yebrir 1955 di Prinston, New Jersey.

Yessufeɣ-d tiẓri-is ɣef timasseɣt ɣef timasseɣt tamatut di 1915.

## Imniren
Mulay Muḥend (Muḥend n Ɛabdel Krim Lxeṭṭabi)

Mulay Muḥend d anzbay amaziɣ d amerruki si temnaṭ n Arif. D aselway n tgduda n arif gar useggwas 1921 d 1926. imnaɣ akked Spenyul d Fransa.  g-inas assaɣ n izem n Arrif g-int d agledun imjahden yugi ad yili d agellid n  arif. Mamek yugi ad yilli d lxalif n yinselmen.

## Tallit d temẓi-s
Ilul deg tamdint n Ajdir deg useggwas n 1882. Yelmed af ufus n baba-s ikemmel tiɣri-s g uɣerbaz n ṣfarin d craṭin di Fas. Yuɣal-d ɣer Fas d akabar seg baba-s ssulṭan Ɛebdelaḥfiḍ iwsisfiw n umenɣi akked Bu Teɣyult ( bu ḥmara)
* Yeɣra deg tesdawit n Qayrawin di Fas.
* Yella d aselmad d anzrafu.

## Asbddi n tgduda n arif

Isbedd Mulay Muḥend deg wass n 18 Ctember 1921. Tagduda taɛṣrit s Dustur D lbrlaman. Asmi ggin Imezdaɣ n Arrif tagrawla mgal Spenyul.Tamaneɣt-is Ajdir Tadrimt nns Rifan Tafugla Tanamurt ass n 18 Ctamber .  Di tira s Taɛṛabt semman-as « Jumhuria Errifiya », ma Irifiyen ddmen awal nni n Spenyul, rran-t d assaɣ ( isem) Amaziɣ: « Ribublik n Arif ». 
Ur illa imir nni wawal n « ribublik » di Tmaziɣt Tarifit, awalnni  nessen ass-a : tgduda n arif  .

Awal-nni s timmad-si ifra tamsalt tameqrant. Ur tella d tagelda i –id-ilulen seg idurar n Arrif. Abrid ibṛez, yenjeṛ yesuffeɣ: tegduda n Arrif  i-d-ilulen seg iẓuran n tmurt, si teqbilin akken llant. Adabu i-d ilulen yusa-d si teqbilin n tmurt, seg iɣerman akked tzeɣwa n tmurt n Arrif.

## Asinf Nns
Deg useggwas 1926 ar 1947 yenfa  Muḥend Abdelkrim ɣer tegzirt n La Réunion, azal n 9000 km akkin deg ilel n Lhend. 
Isuter acḥal n tikkal ḥuma. ad yeffeɣ si tmurt-nni.

## Tamtant nns
Yemmut Mulay Muḥend di Taqahirt (Maṣer) deg wass n 6 Yebrir 1963. Yemḍel di temeqrebt n Ccuhada dinna.
Genzat

**Genzat** tella d yiwet taɣiwant i tezga-d deg ugafa n ugezdu n Sṭif. Imezdaɣ-ines d Iqbayliyen, nemgal tiɣiwanin am Bugɛa, mazal-iten ittmeslayen gar-asen s teqbyalit kan ar ass-ayi. 

### Asideg (timella)

## Tuddar

* Aɣda N Ṣalaḥ
* Awrir Uɛulmi (Iɛulmiyyen)
* Buɛdelten
* Genzet
* Imeṣbaḥen
* Iɣdem (Xlan-itt irumiyen deg useggas n 1959) 
* Iɣil Ḥemmuc
* Iɣudan
* Iɣzer N Criɛa: Criɛa, Fumlal, Iɣil Lexmis, Tawrirt Tamellalt & Tigert N Tkejda.
* Isummar
* It Qerri
* Sidi Lǧudi
* Tamast
* Tawrirt Yaɛqub
* Timunqac 
* Tizi Mejbar
Tazazat

**Tazazat** d isem ay ssexdamen i snat n tutlayin yettemcabin mliḥ, ttmeslayen-tent wazal n 3 n yimelyunen n yemdanen di tama-nni n Asya umi qqaren Tturk.

## Twelhiwin
Hindi Zahṛa

**Hindi Zahṛa** d yiwet n tcennayt Tamaziɣt tameqqṛant, tlul aseggas n 1979 di Xuribga Tamurt n Meṛṛuk, tettidir di Fṛansa seg useggas 1993, tcennu s tutlayt Taglizit d Tmaziɣt/Tacelḥit.

## Tameddurt
Aseggas n 2010 tessufeɣ-d Hindi Zahṛa aḍebsi-yines amenzu *Handmade* i tt-yeǧǧan ad tawi araz Constantin 12 Nunber 2010, .
Ass n tza di Fuṛaṛ useggas 2011 tewwi ayen umi qqaren *Victoires de la musique* Aḍebsi i d-yufraren di Cna Umaḍal *Handmade*.

## Aḍebsaru

## Singles
# *Beautiful Tango* (2009)
# *Stand Up* (2010)
# *At The Same Time*

## Tamesluyt

* Site web officiel d'Hindi Zahra
Amawal

**Amawal** d adlis anida llan awalen n tutlayt neɣ taɣult n urmud, awalen ttmizwaren-d akken i-d-mmizwaren isekkilen ugemmay, yal yiwen yid-s tabadut, asegzi d unamek ines.

llan aṭas imawalen di yal amḍiq n tussna, dɣa ad naf ula s teqbaylit neɣ s tmaziɣt s-umata, aṭas n imawalen i-d-yufraren, gar-asen:

*AMAWAL*  sɣuṛ *[[Mulud Mɛemmri]]* 
*AMAWAL N TSENSELKIMT* (Tafṛansist - Taglizit - Tamaziɣt) sɣuṛ *Samiya Sɛad-Buzefran* 
*ISSIN*, AMAWAL n teqbaylit s teqbaylit sɣur *Kamal Buɛemara* 
*Iɣsan s teqbaylit* sɣur *Mohamed Zakaria BENRAMDANE*
*Amawal Lexique Des Sciences de La Terre* sɣur *Yidir ḤMED ZAYED*

## Muqel daɣen

* Tasanayt

## Tamesluyt
Tazalɣi Copley

**Tazalɣi Copley** d yiwen waraz deg taɣult n tussna. D tazzlɣi yesɛan azal ameqṛan sɣuṛ Royal Society (Londres), d nettat id taqbuṛt ark, tellas i tikkelt tamenzut aseggas n 1731.
Tazalɣi-yagi tennulfa-d seg-mi i yefka Mass Godfrey Copley i Royal Society 100 £ aseggas n 1709, Mass Copley d yiwen umaṛkanti yesɛan tamurt di Doncaster deg unẓul n Yorkshire, yuɣal y ufren d amaslad n tmetti-yagi aseggas n 1691.

D yiwet ger mraw n tzalɣiwin it ttak Royal Society, kra yuɣal semmet. Tazalɣi Copley ttaken-tt di tsengama, d Tussna n tudert.
Tamikrest

**Tamikrest** (s ttergit, s teqbaylit: *tikarrist*, s tfṛansist: *noeud, coalition*) d yiwet n tarbaɛt n Ccna tafriqt, pop d rock utrim, cennun s tutlayt Tamacaqt. Win yettarun tizlitin n tarbaɛt d Usman Ag Musa (aqarru n tarbaɛt)

Ccna n tarbaɛt yesseqdac aṭas n snitrat d wallalen nniḍen.

## Tameddurmant

Imasladen n tarbaɛt Tamikrest sɛan 20 isegwasen ass m-id tennulfa tarbaɛt asegwas n 2006, kren-d di tama n Kidal Aẓawad, akken id kren deg uɣarbaz n *Les enfants de l´Adra* mi llan d-igardan. Aɣarbaz id sizref tdukliwin turufin di Tinẓawaṭin (tamdint tamecṭuḥt deg Tenere) anida lemden aẓawan. Di temẓi nsen, ddren tallit nni n tegrawla itargiyen isegwasen n 1990, aṭas ig uɣalen d-igujilen acku ssutren timanit n weɣref atargi

Mi llan d-imeẓyanen, tturaren tizlatin Kel Tamaceq s-umata, neɣ tidak n tarbaɛt Tinariwen yessexlaḍen seg-imiren Ccna amensay d win utrim (abeṛṛani).
Assa, nezmer ad naf di Cna n Tamikrest ugar n tezrirt s-ɣuṛ icennayen imeqṛanen am: Jimi Hendrix, Bob Marley, Pink Floyd et Mark Knopfler; ayen i-ten yeǧǧan ad maggren tarbaɛt Usṭralu-tamarikanit Dirtmusic di tfaska n Ccna atargi di tenere asegwas n 2008, di tɣiwant n Essakan, azal n 70 Agimkat seg Ṭumbuktu, ayagi yark yeǧǧa Tamikrest ad uraren deg takalast t-isnat n Dirtmusic asegwas n 2010 id skelsen di Bamako, ussan ni id teffaɣ takalast n-sen *Adaɣ* id yefres Kris Ekman.

## Aḍebsaru
* Asegwas 2009 : *Adaɣ*
* Asegwas 2011 : *Tumastin*

## Tamesluyt
*http://www.tamikrest.net/  www.tamikrest.net
Lla Lgida Tamuqrant

**Lla Lǧida Tamuqrant**, d yiwet n tcennayt tamuqrant n Teqbaylit, seg tmezwura yerẓan asalu ar ccna ar tama n Lla Yamina, Lla Wenissa, Lla Zina Tawertilanit. 

Tlul deg 1912 di taddart n Tala n Tinzar (taɣiwant n At Wemɛuc, Tawilayt n Bgayet, maca taddart-agi tella d aḥric seg twilayt n Sṭif zik). Isem ines n tidett d Merbuḥa Ḥini. Tedder aṭas n lweqt deg Lezzayer Tamanaɣt.

Ger tuɣac-ines yettwassnen aṭas, daɣen yettwaskelsen deg Umaṭṭaf n teqabylit (radio Berthozène, ELAK). 

Teccna tikelt ak tamezwarut deg umezruy n ccna n leqbayel ak d wergaz. Tɣenna akw d Ccix Nuṛdin tizlitt mucaɛen umi qqaren : Serḥɣa-s i bu laɛyun.

Tella seg tullawin temenza yeccnan deg rradyu aladɣa deg nnuba n lxalat ar tama n Cabḥa, Lla Yamina, Lla Zina, Crifa, Ǧamila, Wrida.

Temmut deg yulyu 1986.

## Tizlatin n Lla Lǧida Tamuqrant

* Serḥɣa-s i bu laɛyun

* Arra-s tili

* Aḥ am yiḍ am ass, yegguma yides ay id yass

* Tannina deg udrar

* Aḥ a Sidi Lqadi

* Tabratt

* Ayyur - Mad nekk ad ruḥeɣ

* Akka ig mmelaḥ

* A lmus-iw iccereg-iyi abarnus-iw

* A Lwiz Abeztuḥ

* Allaḥ ya sidi rebbi, wama dunit d lfanni (yiwet n tezlit n ddin)

## Tizlitt

Iwaccu id cceyɛed ɣuri, a ṛbaɛ ajdid axuxi,

Asgi sliɣ ad assed, aqli theyiɣ lhenni,

Amek ara jjaɣ tarumit, s zzin-is tseḥriyi,

Iwaccu id cceyɛad ɣuri, a ṛbaɛ ajdid ayawa, 

Asgi sliɣ ad assed, aqli theyiɣ lfeṭṭa, 

Amek ara jjaɣ tarumit, agwad rebbi, 

Yarna tewwi-yi lhawa, 

Iwaccu id cceyɛed ɣuri a ṛbaɛ ajdid aɛbbas, 

Asgi sliɣ ad assed, aqli theyiɣ ameqyas, 

Ulamek jjaɣ tarumit, tsehriyi d ṣṣifa-s, 

Seḥriyi s drafas, 

Iwaccu id cceyɛed ɣuri a ṛbaɛ ajdid lemdaḥbi, 

Asgi sliɣ ad assed, aqli theyiɣ abidi, 

Amek ara jjaɣ tarumit, tenak ur yettaja waḥdi, 

(...)

Ay agetum n remman, 

N remman,

Ṛuḥ a lwali di laman, 

Di laman,

Uffiɣ snat n teqcicit, 

Grent iɣallen i deffa, 

Deg ssifa am tin am tin,

Mxallafent deg lebsa, 

Ay agetum n rreman,

Ṛṛuḥ a lwali di laman,

Uffiɣ snat n teqcicin, 

Grent iɣallen i tebburt, 

G ssifa am tin am tin, 

Mxallafent deg qendurt, 

Lɛeslama-k a xxuya, 

A lbaz id rebba tsekkurt, 

(...)
Novak Đoković

**Novak Đoković** (Новак Ђоковић) d amyurar n waddal n Tennis tmurt Serbi, ilul ass n 22 mayyu 1987 di temdint n Belgrad.
Yebda yetturar d terbaɛt tameqqṛant aseggas n 2003, yeḥrez amḍiq amenzu n ubellez n ATP azal n 90 imalas yemseḍfaren. 

Yeḥrez ar assa 45 izwilen, gar-asen 10 imeqqṛanen (7 n Grand Chelems d 3 teqbuct n Masters) d 19 n Masters 1000. Đoković yeḥrez azwel n Melbourne di Ustralya iseggasen (2008, 2011, 2012, 2013), win n Wimbledon di tmurt n Lengliz (2011, 2014), win n Flushing Meadows di Timura Yedduklen n Marikan (2011).

## Tameddurt

Ilul Novak Đoković ass n 22 mayyu 1987 di temdint n Belgrad, yemma-s, Dijana , ma d baba-s, Srdjan. 
Tura Novak yettidir di Monte Carlo, tama n Monaco, netta d tmeṭṭut-is Jelena.

Di temẓi-s Novak Đoković yella yetturar daɣen ddabax uḍar, yella yeẓweṛ s waṭas, maca d addal n Tennis i yeffren mi yella di Tam (8) iseggasen di lɛemṛ-is, ɣas akken mazal-it yeṭṭafaṛ ar assa u yḥemmel aṭas tarbaɛt n ddabax uḍar n FK Crvena Zvezda.

## Amecwaṛ

### Amazray n unaddal
Novak Đoković yeḥrez ar assa 45 azwilen deg ufrari d yiwen kan deg uslig irgazen. Yewwi azwel-ines amenzu aseggas n 2006, di dduṛt n Amersfort (indoor). Seg imir-nni yewwi 7 n t dduṛtin n Grand Slam. Yerna taqbuct n *[[Masters n tennis n yargazen|Masters Cup]]* (2008, 2012, 2013) d wazal n 19 azwilen n *[[Masters 1000]]*.

### Amecwaṛ ines di [[Grand Chelem n tennis|Grand Chelem]]

## Amazray ines di [[Grand chelem de tennis|Grand Chelem]]
### Tirennawin (7)

### Tagara (7)

## Amazray ines di [[Masters cup de tennis|Masters cup]]
### Tirennawin (3)

## Tamselyut
*  Site officiel
*  ATP profile Đoković
Timeẓra n wemyag

## Timeẓra n wemyag

Amyag [1] deg tmaziɣt ifetti kan i lmend n wudmawen [2] d tmeẓra [3]. Nezmer ad nefren snat n tmeẓra tigejdanin : yiwet d tummidt, temmal tigawt ifuken, yemmden. Tayeḍ, d timeẓra ur tummidt i yemmalen tigawt urɛad ifuken, a-tt-an ala tḍerru, maca mazal ur temmid ara.

Tigawt-a tezmer ad teḍru deg yizri, imir-a neɣ deg yimal. S wawalen imerna n wakud i nezmer ad nẓer melmi i teḍra neɣ ara teḍru tigawt.
	
Tamawalt

[1] Verbe

[2] Personne

[3] Mode, Aspect
Tamsilt

**Tamsilt** neɣ **Msila** s teqabylit tamzikt, d tamdint id yezgan di tlemmast n Lezzayer. Ɣer-s ugar n 156 647 imezdaɣen di 2008.
Tipaza

**Tipaza** neɣ **Bazar** s Hcenwit, tella d tamdint di tmurt n Dzayer, tamudi 50 km ar utaram n Dzayer tamaneɣt. Tela (Tesɛa) ugar n 25.000 imezdaɣen deg useggas n 2008. Tamnaṭ-ines d tawalmaziɣt maca imezdaɣen n temdint bedden ttmeslayen s tmazɣit acku n iberraniyen i yellan di temdint, usan-d si temnaḍin tiɛarbin s wawal.

Agezdu n Tifeẓẓ yes3a εiṭa ( aṭaṣ / xilla ) n tiɣiwanin : 
Taɣiwant n Damus
Taɣiwant n At Milek ( Beni Milek) 
Taɣiwant n Larhat
Taɣiwant n Iyurayen ( Gouraya)
Taɣiwant n Weɣbal ( Aɣbal)  
Taɣiwant n Mselmun
Taɣiwant n Ḥejret Nnes
Taɣiwant n Sidi Γilas
Taɣiwant n Cercal
Taɣiwant n Baẓaṛ ( Tipaza)  
Taɣiwant n Fuka
Taɣiwant n Ain Tagurayet
Taɣiwant n Busmaεin ( Bu Ismail)  
Taɣiwant n Qliεa
Taɣiwant n Ḥeǧǧuṭ ( Hadjout)
Montreal

**Montreal** (isem unṣib s tefrensist Montréal, s Teglizt Montreal) d tamdint tameqqrant ugar n timdinin tiyaḍ n temnaṭ n Kebek (Kanada), tamdint tis snat n umaḍal afrensisawal, d tamdint tis snat deg imezdaɣ d texxutert n tmurt n Kanada deffir Toronto. Taɣzut aɣreman n Montreal tela (tesɛa) ass-a ugarn  3,6 imelyan n imezdaɣ. Tezga-d deg tegizrt n Montreal ar ugersif n wasif n Saint-Laurent d wasif n Wuṭṭawen (Rivière des Outaouais), di 246 km ar unẓul-ugmuḍ si temdint n Kebek, tamaneɣt n temnaṭ n Kebek, ar 202 km seg Uṭṭawa, tamaneɣt n tmurt n Kanada.
Nnil

**Asif n Nnil** d wasif i ɣezzifen akk di Tafriqt. Tuɣzi-s d ugar n . Aɣbalu-nes yezga-d seg ugelmin n Viktorya di tmurt n Uganda. Ideggeṛ iman-is di Maṣer deg yilel Agrakal. 

## Muqel daɣen

* Asif n Kungu
Tagduda n Arrif

Awal iffeɣ akkin i tlisa n Arif, akkin i Taferka, yuɣa timura n Uôupa akked wagmuv ineslem. Tanekra nni n war isem, di kra waguren tbeddel udem. Deg Ajdir, di tazwara n Fuṛaṛ 1923 , tuɣal d « Re publica del Rif » 129 , Tagduda n Arif.

Di tira s teɛrabt semman-as « Jumhuria Errifiya », ma d Irifiyen ddmen awal nni n Sbanya, rran-t d isem Amaziɣ  : « Ri bublik n Arif ». Ur illa imir nni wawal n « ribublik » di Tmaziɣ t Tarifit, awal nni nessen ass-a : Tagduda n Arif . Awal nni s timmad-si ifra tamsalt tameqrant. Ur tella d tagelda i – id-ilulen seg idurar n Arif. Abrid ibôez, yenjeô yesuffeɣ : tagduda n Arif i-d-ilulen seg iéuran n tmurt, si teqbilin akken llant. Adabu i-dilulen

yusa-d si teqbilin n tmurt, seg i$erman akked tzeɣwa n tmurt Tarifit. Iéuran-is n tmurt, ixfawen-is n tmurt. Tajmaât n tnekra tga tigejda i yuɣ en aéaô. Aqerru-s d Muêend Abdelkrim, ur illa d agellid, ur illa d Mulay i d-yusan si Mekka, ur illa d nbi i diffɣ en seg icuqar n wedrar n Arif. Muêend Abdelkrim n AT Xeîîab, n At Yusef U Aâli, d yiwen seg watmaten nsen. Tigejda n Ri publik nni fkant-d udem n webrid uɣ en Irifiyen.
Facebook

**Facebook** d yiwen uzeṭṭa n tmetti deg internet yettaǧǧan yal amdan yesɛan amiḍan ad yesnulfu amaɣnu n useqdac, deg-s ad iceggeɛ tilɣa izemren ad walin w'i d-is-yehwan, akken yextaṛ. yezmer ad iceggeɛ tilɣa ama d: (tugniwin, iḍrisen, imarrazen, atg.) ad yesnulfu isebtaren, igrawen iwakken ad yeǧǧ wiyaḍ ad issinen tisuddutin, tiṛmisin, d wayen yark fayeg yettnaḍaḥ. Deg isebtaren, d igrawen ayen yark i yebḍa umseqdac ad twalin imseqdacen wiyaḍ maci am ma yili s umaɣnu-yines.
At Yeɛla

**At Yeɛla** d yiwet taqbilt taqbaylit, tezga-d ar unẓul-ugmuḍ di tmurt n leqbayel deg tillas n yigezda n Bgayet, Sṭif d Burǧ Bu Ɛririǧ.
Kenya

**Kenya** ( /ˈkɛnjə/ or /ˈkiːnjə/), isem unṣib d **Tagduda n Kenya**, d yiwen n tmurt di tefriqt tanegmuḍt. Akwd agaraw Ahendi di wenẓul-ugmuḍ, ɣur-es tilas d Tenzanya di wenẓul, Uganda deg utaram, Sudan n Wenẓul  ugafa-utaram-nes, d Itiyyopia deg ugafa d Ṣumal g ugafa-ugmuḍ. Kenya ɣur-s tasna n 580,000 km2, ugar n 43 imelyan imzdaɣ.Semmen tamurt-a f Udrar n Kenya. Tamaneɣt-is d tamdint n Nairobi.
Yesɛed Ṛebṛab

**Yesɛed Ṛebṛab** s tṛumit Issad Rebrab, d aṛmas aqbayli, d anemhal **PDG** n ugraw amguran ***Cevital***; yiwet si termisin timeqṛanin di tafriqt isseqdacen azal n 12 000 imdanen (ixeddamen).

## Tameddurt
Ilul Yesɛed Ṛebṛab ass n 8 mayyu 1944 di tgemmunt azzuz , At Dwala deg tmurt n leqbayel.

## Tira d timselɣa
Strassburg

**Strasbourg** (susru  ), ***' (susru ) s [[Talsassit]] akked ***' s talmanit, d tamdint tezga-d deg ugmuḍ n Franṣa  af iri azelmaḍ n wasif n Rhein. D tamaneɣt n temnaḍt Elsass d département n Bas-Rhin. Strassburg d asutel n Aseqqamu n Turuft seg 1949, du Amni Urufi si 1992 d Tasenbert Turufit n Izerfan n Wemdan di Leqṣer n Inzerfan n Wemdan si 1998, semmen-as tamaneɣt turufit. 

S imezdaɣ-ines, Strassburg d tamdint tamezwarut n Franṣa Tanegmuḍt d tis sat s ugdud-ines.                                               .
Sus

Tamurt n **Sus** (s Tacelḥit : ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵓⵙ *Tamazirt n Sus* ) tella yiwet gar timndaḍin n tamurt n Umṛṛuk, tella af utaram. D yiwet lli aṭas ittuyssan s tmallayt d tasbbabt d tayerza. Iɣerman-ines imeqqranen llan Agadir, Tarudant, Warzazat, Tiznit, Tazaggurt, Ifni. 

Lɛamalat-ines Agadir Id-Aw-Tanan, Inezggan-Ayt Mellul,Actuken, Ayt Baha, tili tsggayad f 70,880 km². Yili ugar n 3,113,653 n imezdaɣ.

D-tamnaṭ anda qwan aṭṭas aṭṭas Yimaziɣen, tuggar timnaḍin nniḍen n Tefriqt Ugafa. Imezdaɣ-is ttemslayen "Tacelḥit". 

Tamnaṭ aggi tettwasen daɣen s inazuren-is, s yiwen n ssenf n ccna d ccdaḥ umi qqaren Aḥwac. Aḥwac aggi, d ccdaḥ, d ccna, n Yimaziɣen n Sus, anda ccenun, cceṭḥen s tarbaɛt. Yella Uḥwac anda argaz d-tmeṭṭut ttekin deg-s. Llant tuddar anda yella Uḥac n yergazen d uḥwac n tefraxin (tullawin). 

Tamnaṭ aggi tettwassen daɣen s yiwet n teǧra umi sawalen " Argan". S wargan skarayen "zzit", skarayen deqs n tɣawsiwin nniḍen i weccbub, i weglim, i lmakla, i sseḥa.

## Tutlayt
:***Ɣer uggar : [[Tutlayt tacelḥit]]***

Tacelḥit nɣ Tasusit d tutlayt i ttmeslayen isusiyen deg tmurt n umeṛṛuk, Tasusit d yiwet seg tutlayin timaziɣin, dɣa tettas-d d nettat i d tamezwarut si tama n wemḍan n yemdanen i yettmeslayen s yis, anda amdan-nsen wakken yewweṭ ahat 12 imelyan, syin teṭṭafar-itt-id Teqbaylit s wazal n 7 n imelyan. Ma ɣas tutlayt tamaziɣt zik tettwaru s isekkilen n tifinaɣ, ila tura mas titaran s isekkilen ilatiniyen neɣ s isekkilen aɛraben, maca iseggasen-a igguran yelesd IRCAM iseffeɣ-d yiwen n ugemmay amahnu f tifinaɣ tamzikt. Imyura i d-yessufuɣen idlisen, nutni deg tuget deg-sen ttarun s isekkilen ilatiniyen n temɛemmrit.

## Imzdaɣ
:***Ɣer uggar : [[Isusiyen]]***

Isusiyen d aɣref amaziɣ yettidiren deg unẓul n tgelda n Umeṛṛuk, deg tmennaṭ n Sus ilan (yesɛan) Agadir d tamdint tamenrut. D nutni i d agraw meqqren akk gar yegrawen Imaziɣen deg tmazɣa imi ahat wwḍen 12 imelyan. Tutlayt i d ttmeslayen, d tasusit igan d yiwet gar waṭas n tutlayin timaziɣin

## Timdinin

* Agadir
* Tiznit
* Tarudant
* Ayt Mllul
* Inzggan 
* Ayt Baha 
* Byugra
* Tafrawt
* Ifni
* Ṭaṭa
* Wlad tayma
* Bizakarn
* Massa
* Taliwin

## Ẓer daɣen

* Agadir
* Ameṛṛuk
* Tacelḥit
Imeɣrawen

**Imeɣrawen** d Imaziɣen i yekkan-d seg temwaya n Iznaten (Zénètes s tefransist).  

## Iẓuran

Imeɣrawen kkan-d si wefrak n Medɣas/Madɣis (Imedɣasen), d atmaten n At Yefren d Irnayen acku ɣef wayen U Xeldun, Imeɣrawen d Ifren d Irnayen d atmaten n Meɣra (Ameɣra/Ameɣraw).

## Tadinastit n Yimeqranen n Yemeɣrawen

*Muḥend Welxir  970.
*Ɛeṭya 986 - 988.
**Ziri Weɛṭeyya  989 - 1001.
**Lmuɛezz Weɛṭeyya  1001 - 1026.
***Ḥemmama U Lmuɛezz 1026 - 1033 yerna  1038 - 1040.
****Ba Ɛeṭṭaf Dunas U Ḥemmama 1040 - 1059.
*****Fuṭeḥ U Dunas  1059 - 1062.
*****Ajisa U Dunas  1059 - 1061.
****** Muannṣer  1065.
******* Temmin seg 1067 - 1068.
Amsterdam

Amsterdam d iɣrem (tamdint) tameqqrant, d tamaneɣt n Timura n Wadda. Iɣrem i zedɣen deg-s ugar n 850.000 n imezdaɣ.

## 

Amsterdam-3536-Prinsengracht-vom Westerkerktoren-2008-gje.jpg|Prinsengracht
Amsterdam-3502-Prinsenkracht-Tram auf Bruecke-2008-gje.jpg|Tram
Amsterdam-3344-Herengracht-2008-gje.jpg|Herengracht
Amsterdam-3350-Herengracht-Beulingstraat-2008-gje.jpg|Herengracht
Amsterdam-3274-Brouwersgracht-Melkmeisjesbrug-2008-gje.jpg|Brouwersgracht, Melkmeisjesbrug
Amsterdam-3258-Reguliersgracht 36-Zeitungsleser-2008-gje.jpg|Reguliersgracht
Amsterdam-3566-Jordaan-Speicherhaus-2008-gje.jpg|Jordaan
Amsterdam-3656-Damrak-Fietstaxis-2008-gje.jpg|Fietstaxis
Amsterdam-3698-Singel-Bruecke-Fietsen-2008-gje.jpg|Fietsen
Amsterdam-3622-Java-Eiland-Sonnenuntergang-2008-gje.jpg|Sunset
Ḥusni Mubarak

**MahmoudMohamed abu issa** محمود محمدابودعيسى) yella d aselway n Maṣer si 14 ktuber 1982 ar 11 furar 2011.
Zemmuri

**Zemmuri** neɣ **Azemmur**, d tamdint tamecṭuḥt di twilayt n Bumerdas di tmurt n Lezzayer af iri n Yillel Agrakal.

## Tarakalt

### Asideg (timella)

## Tira d timselyutin
Tijellabin

**Tijelabin** d tamdint n Dzayer i yezgan-d ar tama utaram n Tmurt n Leqbayel di ugezdu n Bumerdas gar Tizi n At Ɛica d Budwaw ar 45 km n Dzayer tamaneɣt d 55km si Tizi Wezzu ar ugmuḍ. Tezga-d ar 4km n temdint n Bumerdas. 

Ass-a, tigti n At Tijelabin ttmeslayen s teɛrabt gar-asen, kra n tuddar tineṣliyin kan i yettmeslayen s teqbaylit deg tɣiwant-nni.

## Tarakalt

### Asideg (timella)

### Tuddar

*Tijelabin
*Dreɛ Xuǧa
*Ɛli Ɛumar
*Sidi Yeḥya
*Mḥammed Ben Ccergael
*Ɛli Weɛmar (Ɛli Benɛmer)
*Lɛellegeyya Fugani
*Ɛin Ṣṣeḥra
*Sid Ḥmed
*Ɛin Nwan
*Ɛin Lkalb (Tala n Weydi)
*Ɛin Tijelabin (Tala n Tijelabin)
*Tizi Webrun
*At Fuda (Bni Fuda)
*Lemrayel
*At Bumerdas (Wlad Bumerdas)
*Taxerraṭ
*At Lqudeyya
*At Ccix 
*Berraɣlu
*Wad Buǧellul (Iɣzer Bujelul)
*Tala Ibessisen (Ɛin Bessisen)
*Mejber 
*Ṣefṣaf
*At Ḥemmuda
*Wlad Belḥasnet
Lla Yamina

**Lla Yamina** d tacennayt ger tmezwura n teqbaylit. Isem-is n tidett s teqbaylit **At Waɛrab Farruǧa**, tulled deg temnaṭ n Yiɣil Aɛli di tama n wadda n tmurt Leqbayel (Basse Kabylie) deg usegwas 1905, temmut deg Yennayer 2008. 

## Agwad n Lla Yamina ar radyu

Lla Yamina tekccem ar ccna asmi id wwed ar Lezzayer deg usegwas n 1924. Imiren di laɛmar-is urɛad ɛcrin. 

Anekccum-is a Radyu n teqbaylit yellad s lemɛawna n snat tullawin. Yiwet deg sent qqaren-as Lla Tassaɛdit ( nettat d-tarumit, isem-is aḥeqani d Madame Lafages). Tissnat d Lla Wenissa, umi qqaren **Qdim Ḥlima** n tmurt n Umalu (Akruma n wassa).  

Ccna n Lla Wenissa d Lla Yamina akk Lla Zina, yezzi kkan s icewwiqen. Ulac allalen imiren, ala tuɣac-nsent. Uyrna radyu n teqbaylit n yimiren ur tesawad-ara ar tmurt n leqbayel hacca ar tmurt n lɣurba kkan ig iteffaɣ ṣṣut-nsent.

Lla Yamina nettat tigjdit n ccna n teqbaylit, ger dit yerzan asalu ar ccna n tulawin di lweqt-nni anda ccna yella amzun d lɛar. 

Lla Yamina, Lla Wenissa akd Lla Zina, skerented tarbaɛt umi qqaren " Tarbaɛt n Lla Wenissa" deg segwasen nni n 30. 

Sakkin arnanted ɣursent Lla Cṛifa, Lla Lǧida Tamuqrant, Cabḥa, Jamila, sekrented nnuba umi qqaren " Urar Lxalat" yuɣlen d "Nnuba Lxalat".

Lla Yamina tedda di ccna alami d asmi Imdebren n Radyu (Amaṭṭaf wis ssin) bgsend ad sngren urar n lxalat f lemwaǧi n radyu. Dɣa Lla Yamina teffaɣ si radyu deg segwasen n tesɛin. 

## Tizlatin n Lla Yamina
*Tafzimt-iw lfeṭṭa
*Aɛyiɣ Mulaɣ
*Berkayi deg zwaǧ ur nesliḥ
*A tarwa aɛzizen felli
*Ṭṭir lhawa
*Ay Asaru
*Ccaḥ ccah a ṛṛay-iw
*Ccurafa

## Tamedyazt n Lla Yamina

1) 
Amer llan igad yeccfan, 

D lfaḥmin yeɣran, 

Nettḥibi lward nettezut, 

Nneqbed tiregwa waman, 

Ar leǧnan iyi rran(t), 

Yefraḥ wergaz d-tameṭṭut, 

Mid negra deg laxxar n zman, 

Neḥdar mi-tt kksan, 

Ɛudna-s bab-is yemmut, 

Ma nruḥ nugad, 

Ma neqqim rebbi akka ig rad.

2)

Ccaḥ ccaḥ a ṛṛay-iw

D kecc ig bɣan,

Mi teddid d win ik yehwan, 

Teǧǧid imawlan
Lla Zina

**Lla Zina** d tacennayt taqbaylit, iẓuran-is n At Wartilan. 

Tussad ar rradyu s ufus (lemɛawna ) n Lla Yamina akw d Lla Wenissa. 

Lla Zina, nettat n At Wartilan. Teccna deqs n lweqt deg Urar Lxalat, Nnuba n Lxalat. Tecna daɣen kra n tezlatin yettwaskelsen deg ḍebsiyen amzun : Aḥlilu, yella rebbi ad-as neḥku, Tislit tuggmed si tala.

## Tizlatin-is
* Aḥ aḥlilu yella rebbi ad-as neḥku
* Tiziwa
* Ṛṛuḥ
* Tislit tuggmed si tala
* Llah llah a sselah 
* Ssut cbuh, tiziri truh
Ǧamila

**Ǧamila**, tacennayt taqbaylit, ger yiwet irreṣṣan lsas i ccna unti n teqbaylit. 

## Tameddurt-is

Isem-is n tidett d Ǧuḥar Baccen, tlulled deg ussan imenza n tefsut n usegwas n 1930 (2 maggu 1930), deg temnaṭ n At Buhini ( tama n Iɛẓẓugen). Tawaccult-is d yiwet n twaccult muccaɛen, yellan si zik di Lzzayer tamanaɣt. 

Ǧamila tezweǧ ɣur-es 12 n isegwasen kkan ar mmis n mmis n Ureski Lbaccir, argaz yenuɣen, yemmuten f tilelli.  Ddren akken yiwen lweqt di Buzriɛa di Lzzayer, unagen sakkin kra n lweqt ar Fransa. Cwit kkan, Lla Ǧamila tuɣaled ar tmurt, tfureq nettat d urgaz-is. 

## Abrid-is di ccna n teqbaylit

Lla Ǧamila tewwded ar radyu asmi tella deg tama n Berthozène (La Grande poste d'Alger). D yiwet n tmettut umi qqaren Lla Cabḥa, yellan tettmediḥ imiren, i-tt-id yewwin ad twali amek ccenunt imiren. 

Liqal, Lla Ǧamila, tugguma ad-tekcem ar Radyu, si lxuf b awal n medden d laḥya n yimiren.

Tettɛawaded belli assen amezwaru igi id wwet ar Radyu, tuffa dinna: Lla Yamina tettawwid yiwen ucewwiq anda s teqqar:  "Ay ul-iw nhed nhed, newwed ar tebburt nbed, ma d yemma aɛzizen ulaḥed, mad tagmatt llaḥ lḥed) , Lla Zina, Lla Lǧida Tamuqrant, Meǧdul Aḥmed, Qurici Zeṛṛuq, Sidaḥ, Ḥaǧ Racid. 

Yella daɣen Ccix Nurdin, is yennan i Lla Ǧamila: "A taqcict, awi-yaɣed icewwiq".  Dɣa tewwid winna " A dicini, tewwid-iyid arriyi". 

Texdem dva nnuba n ccna akw d Ccix Nurdin, d netta ig yellan d bab n uzawan ( chef d'orchestre) imiren. 

Teccna daɣen deg Nnuba Lxalat i-teṭṭef Lla Tassaɛdit, ar tama n Lla Yamina, Lla Zina, Lla Cṛifa, Mimi Nabti, Tawes Nabti, Nwarra Nabti, Ǧamila Ḥassan (Massa Bugarmuḥ), Xedduǧ, Wṛida. 

## Abrid-is deg wayyen nniḍen

Lla Ǧamila tekki deg waṭṭas n tedwilin, gar-asent  "Les femmes au foyer", ar tama n Lla Tassaɛdit ( Madame Laffage).  Tettekki daɣen deg yiwwet n tedwilt "Enfatine" ar tama n Ɛebdelmaǧid Benasar. 

Tetteki daɣen deg sura s taɛrabt taɣerfant (Le Colonel Si Belaid, Rameaux de Feu, Les Hors la loi, Leila, le Vent des Aurès), d-taqbaylit (Tawrirt Yettwattun).

## Kra seg tezlatin-in

*Inna-s ay afrux

* Amirouche

* Pas de Calais

* Wilan lhara yaggi

* Jsk

* Am laɛyun (aẓawan-is yewwid At Mangellat i tezlitt anida is yeqqar Ferḥaɣ yewwded lweqt ay iḥbiben)
Tawerga (taɣiwant)

**Tawerga** (s tifinaɣ: ⵜⴰⵡⴻⵔⴳⴰ, s taɛrabt: تاورقة, s tefransist: Taourga) d yiwet n tiɣiwanin n Tamurt Leqbayel (Lezzayer), tezga-d ɣer ugmuḍ uggug n ugezdu n Bumerdas. Tettabaɛ ɣer tadayra n Laɛzib n Ccix. Zedɣen-tt 7 882 n yimezdaɣ (uddun n 2008).

## Tarakalt

Tawerga tella gar uzaɣar n Sabaw d yidurar. Tebɛed ɣef tamdint n Bumerdes s 55 n yikilumitren, akked 20 n yikilumetren ɣef tamdint n Tizi Wezzu 

Llant kra n tuddar deg tɣiwant  : Bni Ɛeṭṭar, Lǧemɛa, Bouhbachou, Budciha, Tingrin, Lkudiyya, Mazzer, Leɣdayer, Wad Hlal. Imezdaɣ ttmeslayen aṭas s teqbaylit .

## Amezruy
Deg uyyur n yennayer 1985, Tawerga tuɣal taɣiwant. Tella zik d taddart kan di tɣiwant n Leɛzib N Ccix (umi qqaren Baɣliya ass-a) deg utaram.

## Tadamsa

At Tawerga ggan aṭas n tekessawt di tɣiwant, zzit uzemmur dinna tela (tesɛa) aṭas n wazal, tella tafellaḥt deg idurar. 

## Timselɣa
Taɣzut

**Taɣzut** d taddart id yezgan di tɣiwant n At Yellilten. 

Taddart aggi tezgad ddaw taddart n Tfilkut. Ifaqi-tt wassif nettat d At Yettura ( Buɛidel), akw d Ilulyen Umalu ( Agussim). 

Di taddart-aggi llant aṭṭas n twacculin gar asent llant : At Aɛmar, At Ali U Musa, At Taḥar, At Ben Ɛisa, At Salaḥ, At Uqasi, Icaɛllalen, At Buɛezza, At Ali. 

Taddart anda tettili timecret, anda yettili usensi n Sidi Ḥend Uɛbedellah, anda tettili temerɣa anda ccenun inazuren imeqqranen n Teqbaylit am Zedek Mulud, Ali Ferḥati, Ali Mezyan

## Izlan n lḥenni, id ttawin di Taɣzut n At Yellilten

1) 

Tasekkurt id yeccrurden deg udrar truḥ, 

Tebɛan-tt-id isegaden, id yeglan s lfuṛuḥ, 

Taggi ad-tt arnuɣ i yesyi, ay izem amectuḥ, 

Tasekkurt id yeccrurden deg udrar tulwa (?), 

Tebɛan-tt-id isegaden, id yeglan s leḥnna, 

Taggi ad-tt arnuɣ i yesyi, a mmis n Tsedda, 

Tasekkurt id yeccurden deg udrar tculla, 

Tebɛan-tt-id iseggaden, id yglan s lḥarma, 

Taggi ad-tt arnuɣ i yesyi, ay izem lḥara,

Msemellaḥ ad nebdu ccekran, iɣuraf n ttmar, 

D-acu id imenna wuy-iw d rebbi ad yeḥdar, 

Taggi as-tarnuɣ i yesyi (flan nnaɣ flan), a lbaz acmamar, 

Msemellaḥ ad nedbu ccekran, iɣuraf n lǧǧuz, 

D-acu id imenna wuy-iw d rebbi amaɛzuz, 

Taggi as-tarnuɣ i yesyi, a lbaz amekyus,

2) 

Acḥal ayyagi deg Malu Idurar, 

Ihelel waggur, tiziri tezwar, 

A win umi ferḥaɣ yassed ɣar wurar, 

Acḥal ayagi deg Malu Leswar, 

Ihellel waggur, tiziri d lefnar, 

A win mu ferḥaɣ yassed s amedhar, 

Acḥal ayagi deg Malu Tili,

Ihelel waggur, tiziri tuli, 

A win mu ferḥaɣ yassed yarriyid, 

Acḥal ayagi, deg Malu Iɣezzer, 

Ihelel waggur, tiziri tɛeǧǧar,

A win mi ferḥaɣ, yassed ad yeḥdar,

3) 

Tasusmi ay At wurar ma yekkat wegris, 

Uyama yekkat wugris, tikyi nnaɣ s yeqis, 

Fellawen ig ccbaḥ wurar ay At Ttaryis, 

Keccini ay Isli, a mmis p-g-b Ukyis, 

Tasusmi ay At Wurar ma yekkat wedfey, 

Uyama yekkat wudfey, tikyi nnaɣ s yaɛqey, 

Fellawen ig yeccbaḥ wurar, ay At Yemkaḥey, 

Keccini ay isli (...?)

Tasusmi ay At Wurar ma tekkat yeḥwa, 

Uyama tekkat yeḥwa, tikli nnaɣ s lyanna

Fellawen ig ccbaḥ wurar ay At Lhaṛa, 

Keccini ay isli a mmis n tsedda,
Lla Ḥnifa

**Lla Ḥnifa**, isem-ines unṣib d Iɣil Larbɛa Zubida. Semman-as ar Ḥnifa, weltma-s n Lla Lǧida Tamuqrant, iy ccnan cwiṭ deg iseggassen n 40.

## Tuderrt-is

Tluled deg tama n Yiɣil Mhenni ( Aẓeffun) deg usegwas n 1924. Tawacult-is truḥ ar Lzzayer am waṭṭas n twacculin tiqbayliyen n yimiren iwakken ad affen aɣrum d uxedim.

Asmi yebda traḍ urumi d uliman (2WW), tawaccult Iɣil Larbɛa tuɣaled ar Tmurt n Leqbayel.

Deg usegwas n 1957,  lla Ḥnifa tunag ar Fransa am waṭṭas n Inaẓuren di lawan nni. Mid tewwed ar Paris, tebda tamɛccit waɛen macci drus, tamɛccit n waccu id yefka wass yeccat yid. 

Deg usegwas n 1957, lla Ḥnifa temllal d Kamal Ḥemadi, yettnadin ɣaf ṣṣut n tmeṭṭut ara yeccnun yides taɣect "Yidem yidem". Dɣa yuffa Ḥnifa. 

Asmi yekfa traḍ n timunent, tuɣaled Lla Ḥnifa ar wakal n tmurt. Teccna cwit di Lezzayer, tetteki deg tmeɣriwin, teccna di "Nnuba Lxalat". 

Deg usegwas n 1973, lla Ḥnifa tuɣal tuɣalin taneggarut ar Fransa, anda temmut deg usegwas n 81. 

## Abrid-is di ccna

Abrid-is di ccna yebda deg temzi-s asmi tella di taddart. Ulac tameɣra anda ur tettɣni ara, anda ur teɛmir-ara urar. 

Asmi id uɣal ar Lzzayer deg usegwas n 1951, temllal ak d Lla Yamina, d nettat i-tt yewwin alami d radyu, anda tetteki di tedwilt " Urar lxalat" ar tama n Lla Zina, Lla Cṛifa, Lla Yamina, Lla Lǧida Tamuqrant. 

Imiren daɣen i tebda ccna akw d l'orchestre n Ccix Nurdin, ukud teccna kra n tezlatin am tinna " Lḥeǧla Ilili". 

## Tizlatin-is

- A gma texdaɛdiyi

- Siwla-s i Wrida

- A zhar-iw anda tenzid

- A rebbi farreǧ

- Ayen ɛcra snin

- Ay aqcic sers tabalizt

- Ay amitru

- d ṛṛay-iw

- A sidi Aberḥeman

- Aytma lfiraq yuɛar

- Lukkan macci d keccini

- Aḥya Mali

- Debber tura

- Iffuk Laman

- Tawerdett

- Ccaḥ deg ṛṛay-iw amccum

- Yestma

- Ay Afrux

- A yelli a yelli

- A Talimantt

- Wuffan zḥar-is d saɛa

- A zhar-iw a bu tsuqas

- Aḥku-yid

- Agma aḥmam

- Ay Adrar

- A tibratin

- Akka macci akka

## Tizlit

Alala, alala, 

Tura d nnuba n lxalat, 

Alala, alala, 

Tura d urar n lxalat, 

Ay abrid n Sidi Ɛic, 

Yelha i rrekba ukamyun, 

A taqareɛtt n ṛṛiḥa, 

Id yeddan daxel n uqelmum, 

Saḥit a bab n tmeɣra, 

Iweqmen urar i wedrum, 

Ay abrid n Sidi Ɛic, 

Yelha i rrekba u taxi, 

A taqereɛtt n ṛṛiḥa, 

Id yeddan daxel Ibidi, 

Saḥit a bab n tmeɣra, 

Iweqmen urar i lɣacci, 

Ay abrid iɛzzugen, 

Yelha i rrekba iɛudiwen, 

Ay abrid iɛzzugen, 

Yelha i rrekba iɛudiwen, 

Ssahit a bab n tmeɣra, 

Tameɣra s ideballen,
Lǧida Tamecṭuḥt

**Lǧida Tamecṭuḥt**, isem-is aḥeqanni d **Lǧida Aɛrab**. Tlul deg usegwas n 1948.
Nettat d yelli-s n gma-s n Lla Yamina, tacennayt tameqrant n  teqbaylit. 

Tacennayt taqbaylit. Tebda ccna deg useggas n 52 deg tedwilt n warrac umi qqaren "l'émission Enfantine", d lla Taseɛdit (madame Lafarge) i yellan ɣef uqerru n tedwilt-agi deg umeṭṭaf aqbayli.

## Tizlatin n Lǧida Tamecṭuḥt

- A taxatemt
- Walaɣ tassekurt ( tecna-tt ula d nettat)
- A wi ufan ṛṛay n ṛṛay-is
- Mi muqleɣ
- Tiqcicin n Leqbayel
Urar Lxalat

Urar lxalat, daggi ad nebder snat n lemɛani. 

## Urar lxalat deg taddart

D ccna id-ttawint tulawin, tullas, lxalat deg tmeɣriwin, deg sensiyen, di mlal mara yilli lfarḥ deg uxxam, nnaɣ deg twacculin. 

Zik d myla taddart, mara yilli lfarḥ, tullawin ad duklen s amakan iwulmen am wenar, afrag, anda ara sekrent urar.

Tin yesnen ad tewwed abendayer, ad tedem abendayer, tullas nniḍen ad ccenunt, ad selwliwent. 

## Tizlatin n wurar n lxalat

- Mreḥba s imawlan-iw, assa yaɛmar wexxam-iw ( tizlitt i teccna Nwaṛṛa)

- A lxur yewwan, fkiyi-d aman ad swaɣ, am taɛyun ssuy-i-d ttnudumaɣ, 

- Wallaɣ tasekkurt sufella n tzemmurt, argaz-is iṛṛuh ibedel tamurt

- Yuklal udar-im ad yeqqen axelxal, yerna f zzin-im a lward amellal

- Laɛyun tiberkanin

- Assa d lfarḥ-iw

- D nnuba-k fraḥ (ifer ibawen, yeggman d asawen, xeluntt ɛcra yeḥya-tt-id yiwen, d nnuba-k fraḥ)

- Tameɣra g izem aɣiles, yulli wass (Tizlitt n Kassia)

- Tezga ṣṣifam gar wallen-iw, d lbaḥr n leḥub-im ɣarqaɣ (Tizlitt n Taleb Rabaḥ)

- Awi-yid amendil-iw, ad ruḥaɣ ar laḥlil-iw, ur ttagwad ard uɣalaɣ, serḥiyi ad ruḥaɣ (Drifa)

- A lwaldin aneft-iyi (Ait Menguellet)

- Eṭṭes eṭṭes mazal lḥal (Ait Menguellet)

- Keccini ṛṛuḥ (Ait Menguellet)

- Snat n tullas  (Ait Menguellet)

- Ccdeḥ-im ig yexfifen, ɣiwel, ɣiwel, saɛa ard uɣaled seg At Yiraten

- Aḥ yeǧǧa yemma-s, yettu i tɛetteb fella-s (Akli Yahyaten)

- Temɣrat yewwded lfarḥ-im, xas kkes anezgum tura, neǧmaɛend warraw-im atnan wwdend am yiran (Farid Ferragui)

## Urar n lxalat nnaɣ nnuba n lxalat

Tadwilt yebdan deg rradyu n teqbaylit deg segwasen imenza f tlallit n rradyu. 

Udem n tedwilt aggi am wurar n taddart, ad nejmaɛnt lxalat, ad awwint abendayer, ccenccina, tikwal tettili derbuqa, ad bdun ccna. 

Tadwilt aggi tebda seg mi teldi rradyu, tettwaḥbes deg usegwas n 90 asmi id yussa yiwen umdebar ikerḥen taqbaylit. Asmi tella tadwilt aggi, tacennayt id yenulfan, ilzem-as ad ɛiddi di tedwilt aggi, anda imsefliden takkend ṛṛay-nsen, anda daɣen ḥefdenṭ ccna, icewwiqen, aẓawan. 

Am Nwaṛṛa, am Ǧamila, am Cṛifa, llant ɣaf uqarruy n tedwilt aggi id yettɛadin di radyu tis snat, kull as ddurt. 

Gar lxalat i ccnan deg urar n lxalat: 

- Wṛida

- Lla Lǧida Tamuqrant

- Lla Ḥnifa 

- Lla Cṛifa

- Lla Yamina

- Lla Zina

- Lla Cabḥa

- Rabiɛa

- Lla Ɛica

- Lla Wardya

- Nwaṛṛa

- Lila

- Dalila

- Saliḥa Mezager

- Anisa Mezager
At Aɛmar

**At Aɛmar** d isem n twaccult, yellan deg deqs n tuddar deg tmurt Leqbayel ( ama tamurt b adda, ama tamurt n ufella).
Yasin Amaɛuc

**Yasin Amaɛuc** d amarir aqbayli n ddabex. Illul deg wass n 26 yunyu 1979 di Amizur (Bgayet). Yurar tura am umenṭag i weklub n USO Amizur, am uṭṭun 11 (mraw-d-yiwen). Iket 171 cm deg lqedd d 67 kg deg teẓeyt.

## Ikluben-ines

*yulyu 1999-yunyu 2002 : Tarbaɛt n ilemẓiyen n Bgayet (JSM Bgayet)
*yulyu 2002-yunyu 2003 : Ilmezyen inaddalen iqbayliyen (JSK) 
*yulyu 2003-yunyu 2004 : Tarbaɛt n ilemẓiyen n Bgayet (JSM Bgayet)
*yulyu 2004-yunyu 2005 : GC Mɛaskar
*yulyu 2006- yunyu 2007 : CA Batnet  
*yulyu 2007-yunyu 2009 : Ilmezyen inaddalen iqbayliyen (JSK) 
*yulyu 2009-yunyu 2011 : MSP Batnet  
*yulyu 2011-? : USO Amizur
Acewwiq

Acewwiq, d yiwen n ssenf n uẓawan n Yeqbayliyen. 

Acewwiq yezmar ad yili s taɣect n umḍan, neɣ s tjewwaqt.
Faḍma Zuhra

**Faḍma Zuhra** (isem-is n tidett d Fadma Zuhra Caibi) d tacennayt i ilullen deg Lebyar (Lezzayer) deg useggas n 1906. Tawacult-nnes seg Tulga (Tibeskert). Ɣas akken ur telli d taqbaylit, maca tecna s tutlayt-agi. Temmut asmi tewwed 94 iseggasen di leɛmer-is.

Tedder cwiṭ n lweqt deg yinig di Franca nettat d wergaz-is (Muh Akli, yiwen n uẓawan aqbayli) di 1930. Dɣa, deg yinig i tebda ccna deg leqhawi n Yeqbayliyen di Lpari. 

Deg yinig temlal daɣen d yinaẓuren iqbayliyen am Bahya Faraḥ, Dda Sliman Ɛazem, Ccix Aɛrab Buyzgaren. 
 
Ger tezlatin teccna Faṭma Zuhra, llant : 

*Ay axelxal aǧdid
*Annaɣ a Muḥend a mmi
*Ad nili labas
*May rad uɛessad

Teccnan nettat akked Sliman Ɛazem tizlitt-nni umi yeqqar "Nek akked kem, kem akked nek". Nezmar daɣen ad as-nsell deg tezlit-nni n Ccix Aɛrab Buyzgaren umi yeqqar "Anfas, anfas". 

Asmi i d-tuɣal Faṭma Zuhra ar tmurt n Lezzayer deg iseggasen n 1970, tettiki deqs n lweqt deg "Nnuba n lxalat" n rradyu tis snat, anda teccnu akked Lla Cṛifa, tiyyad daɣen. Tkemmel deg nnuba n lxalat, alami d asemi i tekfa tedwilt-agi.
Lla Cabḥa

**Lla Cabḥa**, d yiwet n tcennayt taqbaylit ger timenza id yussan ar rradyu s teqbaylit, uqbel ad tili radyu tis snat. Tlul deg useggas n 1905 di tmurt n Leqbayel. 

Deffir zzwaǧ-is (deg yiseggasen n 1920), tezdeɣ di tɣiwant n Buzerriɛa u syin, di tɣiwant n Lebyar di temdint n Lezzayer (tamanaɣt). D nettat ay d tameṭṭut taqbaylit tamezwarut ay yecnan deg iburaz inagduden di temdint n Beni Mazɣana. Chabha d tcennayt Marie Soussan gan-d tizlatin deg Fransa d Biljik, deg wayyur n Ɣuct 1928. Jemɛent-d tikciwin seg yimezdaɣ n snat n tmura-agi i wakken ad ssiwḍent ayen iḥwaǧen wid yesɛeddan uḥemmal n waman deg Lezzayer (di Dujember 1927).

Deg ass n 27 ctember 1928, temɛawen deg yiwen ubaraz deg tewwurt n Kasba akken ad d-jemɛen idrimen i yimezdaɣ n Ǧiǧel.

Deg tmeddit n 24 ɣuct 1929, tella tetikki deg yiwet n tmeɣra tameqqrant di Lezzayer tamanaɣt, akked Maḥieddin Bactarzi d Meriem Fekkay.

Deg useggas n 1936, tedda d Lla Wenissa akked Lla Yamina i usnulfu n rradyu “Chaine II” s tutlayt taqbaylit.

Di 1949, d nettat id yewwin Ǧamila alami d radyu. Di tazwara, Ǧamila ur tebɣi ara ad tecnu maca Cabḥa tqennεi-tt mi s-tenna tesεa taɣect icebḥen. D awal-a i s-d-yenna daɣen Ccix Nureddin, mi d-uɣal ɣer rradyu.

Yiwet seg tezaltin n **Lla Cabḥa**, teqqar-as : "Ay ucbiḥ useḍsu".
Wṛida

Tacennayt taqbaylit, yebdan deg segwasen n 50. 

**Wṛida**, d yelli-s n Lla Yamina. Isem-is n tidett  **Wṛida Ixerfelliwen** (Xerfellah s taɛrabt). 

Wṛifa teccna deqs n tezlatin, yettwasenen aṭṭas aṭṭas, umi ɛawden waṭṭas n inaẓuren n tura. 

Taɣect-ines telha nezah nezah, dɣa asmi teḥbes ccna, yeɣlid leḥzen af ccna n teqbaylit. Da Crif Xeddam yezga yettemeslayed ɣaf ssut n Wṛida. 

## Tizlatin n Wṛida

- Recdaɣak a ṭṭir

- Ay aɛziz ṛiḥ di laman (akw d Farid Aɛli)

- Lwali

- Aɣrib ur nesɛi Lwali

- A ṭṭir amelɣan

- Lward yeffsan

- Ay aɛziz teǧǧit-iyi (akw d Awezzelag)

- Leḥna

- Wallaɣ tasekkurt

- Wuffan ṛṛay n ṛṛay-ik (Deux versions différentes) 

- Sin Isefsafen

- Ay ul iǧerḥen

- Ala ssbar d ulaqrar

- Ad hubben laryaḥ

- Ketbaɣ tabratt s ukaryun

- Ṭṭir amelḥan

- Lbabur

- Rruplan yuffeg iɛella

- Aɣrib am assa ad yass

- Ɣenni Ɣenni

- Tamusni

- Iǧaḥ dayen

- Sbaḥ zik i tafrara

- Barka Barka ( akw d Muḥemed Ḥilmi)

- Ad-t muled (akw d Muḥemed Ḥilmi)

- Kkiɣ

Teccna ukud waṭṭas inaẓuren iqbayliyen, gar-asen : Muḥemed Ḥilmi, Ahsen Mezani, Farid Aɛli.
Ɛemmal

**Ɛemmal** d tɣiwant n ugezdu n Bumerdas, ar 50 km n Tizi Wezzu d Lezzayer (tamanaɣt) d Tubiret deg utaram n Tmurt n Leqbayel. D taɣiwant i yexdimen aṭas tafellaḥt. 

Imezdaɣ-ines d leqbayel n tidet, tɣiwant d tagellilt s aṭas acku adabu n Lezzayer ur yebɣa ara taneflit n temnaṭ-agi. Ulac tiɣbula i wakken tettkker ar ufella tadamsa ḥaca tafellaḥt. 

Deg useggas n 2008 Ammal ɣur-s tamudi n 8 505 imezdaɣ. 

## Tudrin

Kra n tudrin n tɣiwant taqbaylit n Ammal. 

*Aɣrud neɣ Aɣruḍ
*At Ɛebdelhadi
*At Bayṭec (Iɣil Mumen)
*At Lḥaǧ Lunis
*Busmaɛil
*At Ɛidel/Buɛidel
*Tala Mahdi
*Baba Ɛli 
*At Ulaɛli (Wlad Weld Ɛli)
*At Ulmu 
*At Deḥman 
*At Hinni
*At Xlifa 
*Timizar 
*Tineqlin
*Ǧerraḥ
*Dukkan 
*Tacahat/Tacaḥat 
*Tizza (At Buljenet, Iṣuhan, Tizza talemmast, At Buhuda, At Bu Ṣalaḥ, At Ɛmer, At Reḥmun, Fakkura), 
*Adafal 
*Tellat
*Zenina
At Ɛemran

**At Ɛemran** d taɣiwant n Lezzayer deg twilayt n Bumerdas (seg useggas n 1985) di Tmurt N Leqbayel. Ar 1975 tezga-d deg ugezdu n Tizi Wezzu armi Bumedyen yerra-tt deg ugezdu n Tubiret, di lweqt n Cadli Benjdid tuɣal-d deg ugezdu n Bumerdas, tasertit ay d sseba. 

At Ɛemran zgan-d ar 60 km si Tizi Wezzu, Tubiret d temdint n Lezzayer. Imzedaɣ n tɣiwant akk deg-sen i yettmeslayen Taqbaylit slid Idebbaɣen. 

## Tarakalt

### Asideg (timella)

## Tudrin

*At Ɛemran
*At Muḥuc
*Buheddi
*At Ɛamar
*At Xlifa
*At Ɛamar U Ɛli
*Ccerfa
*Bureǧwan
*Idebbaɣen (Aɛrabsawalen d yiwen kan g tɣiwant)
*Tizi Waru
*Iḥeddaden
*At Si Rabaḥ
*Ivaxteyen
*At Belɛid
*At Zelmaṭ
*Tuẓẓalin
*At Si Saɛid
*At Asdfa
*Talmat
*Hellil
*Buhra
*At Ɛebbas
*At Salem
* Iɛazliyen (autre appel. : Lɛazla)
*Iɣezibawen
*At Cabla
*Taswiqt
*Tallilt
*Tulmut
*Tuẓẓalin
*Asif n Ǧenan
*At Bu Claɣem
*At Si Ɛmar Buqerray
Ddabex uḍar

**Ddabex uḍar** neɣ Football (futbol), Soccer di Marikan ugafa d yiwen waddal tturaren-t snat trebbuɛa n 11 imyuraren deg annar. Iswi n yal tarbaɛt, d asekcem n ddabex imdewweṛ ɣer ucebbak n temḥaddit nniḍen kter is u mebla aseqdec n ifassen.

Yettwasengel sɣur legliz (igliziyen) di tagara n timiḍi tis XIX. Aseggas n 1904, ddabex uḍar yuɣal yesɛa *Amqun agraɣlan* FIFA, asegwas n 2006, llan azal n 264 imelyunen n yemyurar n ddabex uḍar deg umḍal, yerna yella d addal amezwaru deg aṭas n tmura. Di kra imenẓawen am tafriqt, turuft d tamrikt unẓul ddabex uḍar iɣmer addalen nniḍen acku urar-is d ushil, ur yesseqdac ara aṭas n ttawilat.

Llan-t snat n tewsatin n tirmitin di tfada: tidak n iswuten d tidak n trebbuɛa tiɣelnawin. Taqbuct n ddunit d tirmit tagraɣlant yesɛan azal ameqṛan nezzah. Tettilid yal 4 isegwasen seg 1930.

## Amezruy

Uraren n ddabex s uḍar llant si zman aqbur (Taglest). D uraren kan illan maci d addal. Igrigiyen llan snen aṭas n wuraren n ddabex uḍar: *aporrhaxis d phéninde* di *Athènes* d *épiscyre* di *Sparte*. Ɣer Iṛumyen daɣen kifkif, llan tturaren *pila paganica, pila trigonalis, follis d harpastum*. Icinwaten daɣen tturaren ṣṣenf n ddabex uḍar i wumi qqaren *Kuju*. Iḍrisen icinwaten imezwura iḥekkun ɣef urar agi llan-d di timiḍi tis kraḍ uqbel Ɛisa. Di tagara n timiḍi tis XV, Kalčiu Florentin yellad di Ṭelyan, d netta 

## Muqel daɣen

* Taqbuct n dunnit n ddabex uḍar.
Amaɛzzbar

D yiwen n ssenf n tzuri n tmeṭṭut taqbaylit. 

Amɛazzbar yettili deg tlemmast n wurar n lxalat, anda ad kkrent snat n trebaɛ n lxalat. 

Yiwet n tarbaɛt ad tili ttin n "temɣarin", tinna nniden ad tili ttin n "telmezyin", dɣa ad bdun ccna. Tarbaɛt-nni n temɣarin ad kkatent s umeslay deg telemzyin. Tarbaɛt-nni n telmezyin ad kkatent deg temɣarin. 

Anect-a aggi yakw yella s uneccraḥ d uzmumeg.