open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Awdan

**Awdan** neɣ **Ursel** (isem ussnan: **Caracal caracal**) d aɣersiw asuṭad amseksum yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tserɣuda. Awdan yettusismel seg tserɣuda meẓẓiyen, maca d netta yakk i d ameqran deg-sent. Tazla ynes d tin yudsen ɣer wagla n uzdal.

## Aglam
Azuk n uwtem n uwdan d win yettawaṭen ar gar n 13 ar 18 kg ma d tawtemt gar n 11kg ar 15 kg, Tiddi-ynes tettawaṭ ar wazal n 65 cm, ma d asallaf-is gar n 20 ar 30 cm ma d addud-is ar tuyat seg 40 cm ar 45 cm. 
Dɣa talɣa n uwdan d tin yettemcabin ar tawurta n Urasya ɣef anect-a yella yettusismel d akken-it yettili-d s waṭas i twurtiwin  maca tura DNA yesbeyyen-d d akken Awdan ur d-yettili ara i tawurta maca yettili-d i uzdal.

## [[Amyaraw]]
Iɣersiwen-a ttmircalen deg yak akud deg useggas maca anecta yettili-d s waṭas deg talliyin dgi yettili wučči s tuget Tamentilt n wanect-a d tilin n wučči deg tallit n unadar ɣer twetmin, Tallit n tadist d tin yettaṭafen gar n 68 ar 81 n wussan, Adis-is yezmer ad yawi seg yiwen n ummuc ar 6 n immucen.

## Tamezduɣt d tudert

## Taggaẓt n telmest

## [[Tadfert|Tidefrin]]

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Amercel

**Asiken** neɣ **Amercel** deg tesnudert d amsigar n tfekka n sin n iɣersiwen yemgaraden deg uzuf neɣ d tamhelt n urruw agʷensas deg tfekka n ubrawtem i wselfay n temhalt n warruw d tarrawt n tarwa neɣ tadfert, Tamhelt-a tettuseqdec ɣas wazal ameqran n iɣersiwen i taggaẓt n telmest s talɣa tanulfant, ɣer iylalen tamhelt-a yedda dges tamuski n igedfen d uzečči n iknuzen (yifrax)
Abrawtem

**Abrawtem** d amuddir ilan (yesɛan) igmanen imazufen n uwtem d tewtemt, Deg waṭas n iɣersiwen ur ula ara (ur nesɛi ara) uzuf anebray tettili talɣa-s d tamisint n wuzuf dɣa tayyi d talɣa tamatant i wemyaraw acku tettfaras-d iẓẓel d ubalal deg yiwet n tfekka

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Awtem
* Tawtemt
* Amyaraw
* Arruw 
* Amercel
Tarwa

**Tarwa** deg tesnudert d iknuzen neɣ d imeẓyanen n imuddiren id yettwafarsen ya seg yiwen n umuddir neɣ seg sin s umyaraw amazuf, Amsegrew n tarwa yettusemma s tedfert, irem-a yezmer ad yissken tagrawt n yefrax id yefrurxen deg yiwen n wakud, neɣ ar yakk tarwa am wagla n tzizwa n tamment 

Tarwa n ifganen d wid yettusemman arraw
Abeṛṛay

**Abeṛṛay** (isem ussnan: **Felis silvestris**) d aserɣud meẓẓiyen yeṭṭafaren tawsit n umcic, yettidir seg Uruppa d Tefrikt alamma d umalu n Asya. Abeṛṛay d aẓaṛ agejdan n yimcac imegruden (imcac yettidiren ɣer medden) yakk ass-a. Akken iga d anegmar igerrzen i kra n telmas n temseɣẓaẓ d yigḍaḍ. 
Llan-t waṭas n tdefrin deg telmest-a yettidiren deg yideggan yemgaraden n 3 n imenẓawen-a.

Areksim aserɣud id yettilin s waṭas i wbeṛṛay, dɣa yettidir s tuget deg tneẓrufin.

## Aglam
Azuk n tewtemt n ubeṛṛay yettili gar n 2,7 ɣer 4 kg, ma d awtem seg 4 ɣer 5 kg. Maca azuk-a yezmer ad yemgarad s unect (ɛla ḥsab) n tilin n tgemrawin s tuget neɣ s tdersi.

Ini n ubeṛṛay d win yettilin d aras imal ar uzunɣid.

## [[Tadfert|Tidefrin]]

## Tamezduɣt
Abeṛṛay yettidir deg yal tawennaṭ deg Tefrikt anagar idgan ama deg tneẓrufin ar idurar yettawaṭen ar 3000 m deg teflel, anagar idgan isbegsanen 

## [[Amyaraw]] d [[tarrawt]]
Mi ara ad tezɣel tewtemt tt-msegrawen (tt-nejmaɛen) fell-as i iwetmen yerna tt-naɣen i wakken ad iwwṭen ar ɣures, Maca tawtemt tezmer ad ttmercel d waṭas n iwtmen ɣef anect-a yiwen n wadis yezmer ad yeddem aṭas iqzizen i waṭas n ibabaten 

Amercel n ubeṛṛay yettili-d deg wakuden yemgaraden deg useggas s unect (ɛla ḥsab) n unezwu yellan deg temnaṭṭ anda yettidir, Amdya deg Turuft d Tafriqt n ugafa yettili-d umercel deg taggara n tegrest (Seg Yennayer ar Meɣres) ma d tarrawt tettili-d deg Tefsut (Mayu s umata), Tadist n tewtemt tettaṭaf gar n 56 ar 68 n wussan tettew-d gar n yiwen n ummuc ar 8 n immucen

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tiserɣuda
* Awdan
* Areksim
* Azdal
Taɣda

**Taɣda** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Felis lybica*) d aserɣud id yekkan seg tdefrin n iden n ubeṛṛay send n ugar n 130,000 iseggasen aya yezrin, Dɣa kra deg-sent ttwagraden-t Send n 10,000 n iseggasen deg Qubrus acku tga d aẓaṛ n yimcac imegruden

## Aglam
Tiddi n taɣda (Aqerru d tfekka) yettili seg 45 ar 75 cm ma d asallaf-is gar n 20 ar 30 cm, Imeẓẓuɣen is meqqr-it

## Učči d tudert
Taɣda d aɣersiw Anegmar, iy tett iɣerdayen d iɣuliyen d telmas n iden n temsuṭad meẓẓiyen, Ula d timraradin yakk d iburɣas mi ara ad yaff

Taɣda tettidir Azal n 20 n iseggasen

## [[Amyaraw]]
Tadist ɣer tewtemt n taɣda tettaṭaf gar n 56 ar 69 n wussan, tettarew tikkelt ar snat n tikkal deg useggas deg wakud agrawi imi yella wučči, yal tikkelt tettarew-d seg sin n wammucen ar 6, ttlalen-d d iderɣalen

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Abeṛṛay n Turuft
* Tiserɣuda
* Amcic
Abeṛṛay n tẓegwa

**Abeṛṛay n tẓegwa** neɣ **Abeṛṛay n Turuft** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Felis silvestris silvestris*) d tadulmest n ibeṛṛayen yettidiren deg Uruppa 

## Aglam
Abeṛṛay n tẓegwa d win yugaren taɣda d umcic amegrud, Teɣzi ynes tettawaṭ ar 60 cm yettazen 4,5 kg, Tiddi n usallaf-is ugar n 30 cm

## Agmar d wučči
igemmr-d timseɣẓaẓ am iɣerdayen d iwtal maca iy tett ula d iylalen

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tiserɣuda
Tawurta n Kanada

**Tawurta n Kanada** (isem ussnan: **Lynx canadensis**) d aɣersiw amseksum yeṭṭafaren tawsit n twurta d twacult n tserɣuda. Talmest-a d tin yettaken aẓaṛ i twurta n Urasya, ɣer tfesniwt anda imusnawen ttwalin d akken snath n telmas-a d yiwet. Maca tawurta n Kanada tettemcabi i twurta tazeggaɣt deg kra n iylan ugar n twurta n Urasya.  
Deg telmest-a llan-t 3 n tdefrin yettidiren seg Alaska deg ugafa ɣer Kanada alamma Marikan deg uneẓul.

## Aglam
Tafekka n twurta n Kanada n tin yettemcabin ɣer tfekka n tawurta n Urasya, acku aglim-is d aras imalen ɣer uzunɣid, akken i llan degs kra n izmulen iberkanen. Azuk-is yezmer ad yaweḍ ɣer 11 kg. Teɣzi-ynes gar n 80 alamma 105 cm, ma d addud-is (lqedd-is ) ɣer tuyat 60 cm. Asallaf-is meẓẓiy. 
Awtem yugar tawtemt deg teɣzi d waddud d wazuk. 
Tawurta n Kanada tla (tesɛa) 28 n tuɣmas, gar-asent 4 n wuglan i tesseqdac i wegzam n weksum d tuṭṭfa n tgemrawin.

## Asismel

**[[Tadfert|Tidefrin]]**

## Tamezduɣt d tudert

## Taggaẓt n telmest

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tawurta
* Tawurta tazeggaɣt
* Tawurta n Urasya
Aɣilas (tawsit)

**Aɣilas** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Panthera*) d yiwet gar n tewsitin n tserɣuda dgi llant 4 n telmas yettwassenen yakk (izem, Aksel, Ayagwar d uɣilas) 

## [[Tamhazt]]

## Tamezduɣt

## Asismel

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Aɣilas aberkan 
* Aɣilas
Aɣilas n wedfel

**Aɣilas n wedfel** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Panthera uncia*) d talmest meqqren n tserɣuda yettidiren deg izurar n idurar deg Asya talemmast d uneẓul
Tiddukla tagreɣlant i taggaẓt n tgama tessismil talmest-a d akken-it d talmest yettwaggzen s umihi n wengar acku izrawen n useggas n 2003 sseknen-d d akken amdan n tegdudin yettidiren deg umadal yewweṭ gar 4080 d 6590 n iɣilasen, maca anagar n 2500 degsen iy zemren kan ad mmirclen w ad myarawen.

## Tamezduɣt
Aɣilas n wedfel yettidir deg yidgan imsedraren deg wadduden gar n 3000 d 4500 m maca deg tamezduɣt-is tagafant tezmer ad ttidir deg wadduden s ddaw n wannect-a maca tettadr-d ar wadduden iddayen acku din i llan-t tgemrawin-is am umarxuṛ d utar d igtal d umaɣaṭ d izerzer d kra n telmas n iɣersiwen imegruden am uyak d iserdyan 

## Asismel

## Aglam
Tiddi d teɣzi n uɣilas n wedfel d tin yellan s ddaw n tserɣuda timeqranin n iden, yettaznen gar n 27 ar 55 kg ma d iwetmen imeqranen zemren ad iwṭen ar 77 kg maca Tiwetmin meẓẓiyen yezmer ad yader wazuk-nsent ar 25 kg kan, Teɣzi-ynes seg yiri n uqerru (anzaren) ar yiri n usallaf yettili gar 75 ar 130 cm acku asallaf-isɣezzif s waṭas yettawaṭ s iman-is seg 80 cm ar 100 cm, Addud-is ar tuyat 60 cm 

## Amdan n tegdudin

## Assaɣ d yemdanen

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Aɣilas
* Aɣilas aserɣin
* Aɣilas amaziɣ
Tawurta tazeggaɣt

**Tawurta tazeggaɣt** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Lynx rufus*) d aɣersiw asuṭeṭ yeṭṭafaren tawsit n twurta deg twacult n tserɣuda yettidiren deg Marikan n ugafa, timesɣaz-is sskanayen-t-d d akken yella yettidir dina seg wazal n 1,8 n imelyan n iseggasen (Seg kanada ar Miksik)  
Tawurta tazeggaɣt d aɣersiw anegmar yettidir deg tẓegwa d tneẓrufin d waṭas n twennaṭin n iden

## Aglam
Tawurta tazeggaɣt terwes (Yettemcabi) ar telmas n iden n twurtiwin acku zdint yakk deg yiwet n tewsit, ini weglim-is imal seg uzunɣid ar waras, udem-is yeččur d acebbub, Imeẓẓuɣen-is deg-sen inẓaden d iberkanen  
Tawurta tazeggaɣt meẓẓiy acemma ɣef twurta n Kanada (yakk d tin d wacu i tezdi tamezduɣt deg kra n yidgan) maca meqqer f umcic amegrud s wazal n snat n tikkal 

## [[Agmar]] d wučči
Tawurta tra (tḥemmel) ad tegmer w ad tečč igninen d iwtal maca igemmer ula d iylalen d iwuzaṭ yakk d izerzren meẓẓiyen 

## [[Amyaraw]]
Tawurta tazeggaɣt tettmercal deg taggara n tegrest ar tefsut, tadist-is tettaṭaf ugar n sin n wayyuren s kra n wussan

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tawurta
* Tawurta n Kanada
Timcac (tawsit)

**Imcac** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Felis*) d tawsit n tserɣuda yellan s ddaw n tdu-twacult n tserɣudt deg telmas-is yella wemcic amegrud d telmas is-d-yettilin 

## Idgan n tudert
Tilmas n tewsit-a ttidiren-t yakk idgan n Uruppa d Tefrikt d uneẓul n Asya

## Tilmas
* Amcic
* Abeṛṛay
** Taɣda
** Abeṛṛay n tẓegwa
* Areksim
* Amcic n tagant
* Amcic amsedrar n ccinwa
* Amcic aberkan n iṭarren

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Amcic n tagant

**Amcic n tagant** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Felis chaus*) d aɣersiw amseksum yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tserɣuda, aɣersiw-a yettusismel deg tserɣuda timeẓyanin maca d netta yakk i d ameqran deg tewsit n yimcac 

## Aglam
Teɣzi n uɣersiw-a d tin yettawaṭen deg tlemmast ar 70 cm, asallaf-is meẓẓiy ur yugar ara 20 cm, Addud-is ar tuyat ila azal n 36 cm, azuk-is gar n 4 ar 16 kg, ini-ynes yemgarad s unect (ɛla ḥsab) n telmest n tedfert seg uzunɣid uwriɣ ar waras uzwiɣ, Akken id teffaɣen izirigen deg uzagur n wammucen maca tekksen mi ara ad ddun deg waddar (mi ara ad imɣuṛen) 

## Ismawen n iden
**Awurta n ubelma** d isem wis sin n uɣersiw-a ɣas akken ulac assaɣ gar-as d gar n twurtiwin anagar amcabi deg wanẓaden yellan deg yixef n imeẓẓuɣen-is

## Idgan n tudert
Amcic n tagant d aɣersiw yettidiren deg Aneẓul n Asya (Sri Lanka, Lhend) d ccam d yirawen n wasif n nnil

Talmest-a tettugred  yakk d wemcic n wexxam ayen id yeglan s telmest ur tettagad ara aman isem-is chausie

## [[Tadfert|Tidefrin]]

## Addad n taggaẓt

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Amcic amsedrar n ccinwa

**Amcic amsedrar n ccinwa** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Felis bieti*) de Amcic azagir yeṭṭafaren tawsit n temcac, Yettusismel deg useggas n 2002 d akken-it d talmest ur nettwageẓ acku anagar n 10,000 n yimcac kan i zeddiɣ (mazal) ddren 

## Aglam

## Idgan n tudert

## Asismel

## [[Amyaraw]]

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Amcic aberkan n iṭarren

**Amcic aberkan n iṭarren** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Felis nigripes*) d aserɣud meẓẓiyen yeṭṭafaren tawsit n temcac, yettidir deg uneẓul n Tefriqt 

## Aglam
Amcic aberkan n iṭarren d Amcic meẓẓiyen, Azuk n uwtem 1,9 kg. Ma d tawtemt 1,3 kg, Taɣzi-ynes 36 cm 
Tafekka ynes teččur d acebbub abeṛbac id teyettagẓen ɣef weẓɣal n tniri yessṛuɣayen

## Addad n taggaẓt
Talmest-a tettwasismel sɣur umuɣ azeggaɣ n IUCN d akken-it d talmest ur nettwageẓ

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Areksim
* Taɣda
Tawurta n Spanya

**Tawurta n Spanya** neɣ **Tawurta b Ibirya** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Lynx pardinus*) d talmest n tserɣuda yeṭṭafaren tawsit n tawurta, yettidir deg tzunegzirt n Ibirya, Tawurta n Spanya tga d aserɣud yettwaggzen yakk, Dɣa Umuɣ azeggaɣ n IUCN yessers telmest-a deg umuɣ n telmas yettwaggzen s umihi wengar

## Aglam
Am twurtiwin yakk, Tawurta n Spanya tezzi-yas-d tezrart n ucebbub ɣef yiri-ynes  
Yettazen gar n 9 ar 13 kg dɣa d iwetmen i yugaren Tiwetmin s umata, Teɣzi ynes tga gar n 85 cm ar 110 cm (d usallaf gar n 11 ar 14 cm) ma d addud-is ar tuyat gar n 42 ar 47 cm 

## [[Amyaraw]]
Tettarew tewtemt deg wayyur n Yebrir seld n 63 ar 68 n wussan n tadist, tezmer ad teddem deg idis-is yar n yiwen n wammuc ar 5 

## Asragen d tmentilin n tuggza

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tawurta
* Tawurta n Urasya
* Tawurta tazeggaɣt
* Tawurta n Kanada
Taserɣudt

**Taserɣudt** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Felinae*) d adu-twacult n tserɣuda dgi llant kra n tewsitin am uwdan d umayas d umcic d twurtiwin

## Asismel
Tawurta n Urasya

**Tawurta n Urasya** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Lynx lynx*) d aserɣud amnummes n ubleɣ  yeṭṭafaren tawsit n twurta, yettidir deg tẓegwa n Uruppa d Asya d Sibirya, anda yga d anegmar agejdan 
Tawurta n Urasya d netta yakk i d talmest tameqqṛant n twurtiwin acku teɣzi-ynes tettawaṭ seg 80 ar 130 cm

## Učči
Tawurta n Urasya tettett igtal d iburaɣ d temseɣẓaẓ maca drus kan id tgemmer tilmas id tt-yugaren deg ubleɣ am tizerzert d izirzer acku tettagad ad tt-ssiggsen (ad tt-jerḥen)

## Aglam

## [[Amyaraw]]

## [[Tadfert|Tidefrin]]
Llan-t 5 n tdefrin n twurtiwin n urasya yettwassenen 

## Addad n twurta n Urasya

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tawurta tazeggaɣt
* Tawurta n Kanada
* Tawurta n Spanya
* Tawurta
Awerta yegran

**Awerta yegran** neɣ **Asebseb** (Assaɣ ussnan: *:Mustela putorius*) d talmest n iɣersiwen yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tedɣaɣatin dges aṭas n idulmsen sin deg-sen ttwassenen s waṭas, yiwen d amegrud (Anessas) wis sin zeddiɣ (mazal) yettidir s azɣar d tẓegwa (awerta)

## [[Adu-telmest|Idulmas]] n tlmest-a
Llan waṭas n idulmas yeṭṭafaren talmest n uwerta n yegran: 

## Učči

## Aglam

## Amyaraw

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tadɣaɣat
* Anessas
* Tareddi
Awerta

**Awerta** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Mustela putorius putorius*) d aɣersiw yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tedɣaɣatin iga d adulmes n uwerta yegran ur nettwagrad s unmgel n unessas igan d amegrud

Awerta d aɣersiw id yettilin i tedɣaɣat d waydi waman d treddi 

## Aglam

## Učči

## Amyaraw

## [[Assaɣ ussnan|Assaɣen ussnanen]]

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Aydi n waman

**Aydi n waman** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Lutrinae*) d adulmes n iɣersiwen isuṭaden ikelmanen yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tedɣaɣatin, Dges 13 n telmas yeṭṭafaren 7 n tewsitin, tetten iselman d kra n telmas n iden i ttafen s ddaw n waman 

Idan n waman ttidiren deg yiran n isafen anda iɣɣazen inga

## Aglam
Tafekka n waydi waman d taɣezfant d tusdidt ma d iran-is meẓẓiy-it, Amur ameqran n telmas-is lan (sɛan) ikacbaren deg taggara n tfednin-nsen, Yerna akk nsen (anagar aydi n waman awlal) lan (sɛan) adfar amaẓwal ɣezzifen, akken i lan aglim yettaǧǧan tafekka-ynes tekkaw

## Tudert
Aṭas n telmas n idan n waman ttidiren deg waman isemmaṭen

## Tasartut (Asismel)

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Taɣilast

**Taɣilast** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Pantherinae*) d adu-twacult n tserɣuda yeṭṭafaren tafesna n temseksumin, igmanen n wadu-teacult-a ffɣen-d ar tudert send n 10,8 ar 11,5 n imelyan n iseggasen yezrin dges 

## Asismel

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Izem
* Aɣilas
* Aɣilas n wedfel
* Aksil
* Tiserɣuda
Carl Von Linné

**Carl Von Linné** d asnudran yakk d Amusnaw n yimɣan n Tmurt n Swid, ilul deg wass n 23 mayyu deg useggas n 1707, Carl Von Linné illa d amnir n tsensartut d usismel Akken iga d yiwen gar imeqranen n imusnawen n tesnudert, Yesnulfa-d adlis umi yessemma Anagraw n ugama (s Teswidit: *Systema Naturae*) anda yessers tigejda n usismel ussnan atrar, Dɣa d netta yakk i d amezwar yessersen anagraw n usiseɣ amsin (dgi llan ismawen n tewsit d telmest) 

## Tanekra-ynes
Ilul-d (Carl Von Linné) deg twacult d tamɣidt (d tagellilt) Deg yiwet n taddart id yezgan deg uneẓul n Swid, Dɣa bab-as yeɣil ad yekker d amṛabeṭ am netta, Maca Linné yegguma (yugi) anect-a 

## Tikli-ynes n tussna

## Asismel d tsartut n Linné
Tutlayt taswidt

**Taswidt** (S Teswidit: svenska) d yiwet n tutlayt tahendurupt yeṭṭafaren tagrawt n tutlayin tiskendinavyin ,10 n yimelyunen n yimdanen i yetmeslayen s teswidit s wemḍiq wis 90 n tutlayin i yettmeslayen ugar deg umaḍal Aṭas deg-sent ttidiren di Swid d kra di Tmura am Finlanda i d-yekkan seg tutlayt tajermanit, s umata d tutlayt tajermanit n ugafa. , tuget deg-sent deg sswid, d kra deg Finlanda.

## Tiwelhiwin
Tawurta

**Tawurta** (isem ussnan: **Lynx**) d tawsit n iɣersiwen itetten aksum teṭṭafar adu-twacult n tserɣudt. Ɣas akken Yettemcabi i wuwdan, maca mgaraden deg waṭas n iglamen, acku ur llin ara d yiwet n tewsit. Tawurta tegber seg 4 n telmas yettidiren deg Uṛasya d Temrikt n Ugafa.

## Učči
Tawurta d aɣersiw anegmar iy tetten tilmas meẓẓiyen am igtal d temseɣẓaẓ d tilmas n iden n iylalen 

## Aglam d talɣa

## Tamhazt

## Tawurta deg yidles

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tawurta tazeggaɣt
* Tawurta n Urasya
* Tawurta n Spanya
* Tawurta n Kanada
Taɣemmalt

**Taɣemmalt** d tagrawt n waṭas n twaculin n igersalen igtebniqen iy zemren ad yeddlen tiggiyin n kra tfekkiwin timeččimin, Deg waṭas n wakuden tt-myarawent s usemṭu n tbaktirin

Taɣemmalt tettili deg waṭas n wakuden d irwayen usdiden id yettmagen s ufell n imɣan neɣ iɣersiwen neɣ d tin yettmagen d akuffit ayen id yesskanayen d akken tanga nni tettwaɣ akken daɣen ittusxdamen-t kra n telmas n tɣemmalt deg tmugri n ugisi

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Aɣmal
Azimez n unebdu

**Azimez n unebdu** neɣ **Azimez amsulan** d asnifel n uzimez amaddud deg kra  n tmurt neɣ n ugezdu snat n tikkal deg useggas i kra n wayyuren anda yettusnifel useẓreg n tesragt tamaddudt deg tazwara n tefsut anda iraqqasen n tesragt ttusmezgaren (ttuwexren) s 60 n tesdidin ma d tuɣalin n uzimez aẓaṛan (azimez n tegrest) yettili-d deg umwan

Iswi deg tmerniwt n tesragt ar uzimez amaddud d asizek n wakuden n umahil d twuriyin n iden i wakken ad tlu (ad tesɛu) akud yugaren deg wussan n unebdu iy rennun ttiɣzifen seg tefsut, sin akin tt-drusen (tt-nqasen) ar tlemmast n tegrest

## Amezruy

## Tamessartit

## Timura yessexdamen azimez n unebdu
Aseggas

**Aseggas** neɣ **Aseggʷas** (Asget: iseggasen) d akud id tettaṭaf tegnit i wakken ad tezzi (ad tt-fakk tuzzya tummidt) ɣef tfukt, Ma yella deg teswasin tigrigurin d akud yudsen ar wakud n tuzzya n tegnit ɣef tfukt 
Deg iseggasen yezwaren 1582 d Taswast tajulyant i yellan tettusexdem i wsiden (leḥsab) anda teɣzi n useggas-is tegda 365,25 n wussan maca sin akin (seld 1582) yuɣal d taswast tagrigurt i yettusexdem teɣzi n useggas-is tegda 365،2425 n wussan 

Ɣer imaziɣen tettusexdem taswast tamaziɣt yezwaren taswast tagrigurt s 950 n iseggasen maca teɣzi n useggas-is tegda teɣzi n useggas Deg teswast tagrigurt

## Aseggas asnullan

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Ayyur
* Akud
* Tasdidt
* Ass
Tifirellas

**Tifirellas** neɣ **ifirellas** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Hirundinidae*) d tawacult n iylalen yeṭṭafaren tafesna n igṭaṭ yettidiren deg yakk imenẓawen n tegnit (anagar Antraktika), Tawacult-a tla (tesɛa) azal n 90 n telmas yeṭṭafaren 19 n tewsitin Azal ameqran deg-sent ttidiren-t deg Tefrikt

## Tasensartut d usismel

## Aglam
Teɣzi n tfekka tfirellas tettawaṭ seg 10 ar 24 cm, ma d azuk-is seg 10 ar 60 g, afriwen-is ɣezzif-it dges 9 n tferratinma d adfar dges 12 n tferratin

## Učči d tudert
Ifirellas iy tett iburɣas akken tettidir d tayuga (Awtem d tewtemt) ttferfiren akked deg tefsut bennun-d isekki s waluṭ d usaɣur deg iɣladen n ixxamen s akin ssrusayen 4 n tmellalin

## [[Talmest|Tilmas]] n ifirellas
Taswast tamaziɣt

**Taswast Tamaziɣt** d taswast tanekrazt yettusxedmen deg tmura n Tefriqt n ugafa (ɣer imaziɣen d imaziɣen imserɣnen tikwal). Taswast Tamaziɣt d tin yezwaren taswast tagrigurt s 950 n yiseggasen. Ass amenzu n teswast-a (Yennayer) yettmagar-d ass n 12 te seg teswast tagrigurt.

## Tiswasin tizikanin
Kra kan n yisalan i yellan ɣef beṭṭu n wakud ɣer yimaziɣen n zik. Kra n yiferdisen n yiwet n teswast tazarneslemt u ahat daɣen tazar-ṛumant deg kra n yidlisen n tallit talemmast i yeɣra Van den Boogert (2002) mmalen-d agazen yezdin yakk d teswast n yimuhaɣ tamensayt akken i d-mmalen d akken tella teswast yettusxedmen di talliyin timzikin (tiqburin) gar n yimuhaɣ n zik.

## Aẓar-is

## [[Ayyur (akud)|Ayyuren]] imaziɣen
Azulil

**Azulil** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Equus hemionus*) d talmest n yeɣyal yeṭṭafaren tawacult n igmariyen zik-nni yella yettidir deg tineẓrufin n Ccam d tzunegzirt taserɣint d Pakistan d Afɣanistan d Turekmanistan d Kazaxistan d Lhend d Mangulya maca tura yettidir deg 5 n tmura ayyi tineggura kan. Dɣa yiwet gar 5 n tdefrin n uzilul tenger akken daɣen illan-t snat n iden seg umihi n ungar s usrag (ɣef sebba) n wegmar s tuget d tṛuzi n Idgan n tudert-is 

## Idgan n tudert
Zik nni yella yettidir (uzilul) seg Mangulya ar tzunegzirt taserɣint ar Kazaxisean d Rusya Deg ugafa maca tamezduɣt-is tura tenkeẓ s waṭas acku Azal n 80% n wayen id yegran ttidiren s agensu n tlisa n Mangulya ma d 20% n iden ur ssawdent ara 100 n iqerruyen ttidiren-t deg tmura n iden 

## Aglam

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Aɣyul
* Ayis
A Vava Inuva

***A Vava Inuva*** d album yettwasnen n useggas n 1976 n ucennay Aqbayli Yidir, deg-s tizlitt yesɛan isem aluman (même) "A Vava Inuva", deg-s diɣen tezlatin nniḍen am "Azwaw", "Zwit Rwit" (laṣṣel n tezlitt "El harba wine" n Xaled), "Ssendu" akk-d "Cfiɣ".

## Tezlitt: "A Vava Inuva"
"**A Vava Inuva**", d tezlitt n wezwel deg welbum. D tezlitt tamezwarutt n Tefriqt Ugafa ig wḍen ɣeṛ weswir agraɣlan. Yecna-tt Yidir d tcennayt Mila.

Tezlitt-ayi tettsuqel ɣeṛ waṭaṣ n tutlayin am teɛrabt, tespenyult, tefrensist, tagrikit d tiyaḍ. David Jisse akk-d Dominique Marge sufeɣ-n taḍrist tafransist s yissem *"Ouvre-moi vite la porte"* (Ɣiwel ldi-yi-d tawwurt). Acennay agriki Katevas ysuffeɣ taḍrist tagrikit "An ginotane" (s tegrikit ***Αν γινότανε***) akk-d Efi Strati. Tabidyut deg YouTube.


## Imeslayen n tezlitt A Vava Inuva
Txilek ldi-yin tabburt a Vava Inuva a Vava Inuva

Čenčen tizebgatin-im a yelli ɣriba ah

Ugadeɣ lwaḥc elɣaba a Vava Inuva a Vava Inuva

Ugadeɣ ula d nekkini a yelli ɣriba ah

Amɣar yettel deg bernus yettesgal ad yettẓiẓin

Mmis yettḥebbir i lqut ussan deg uqarru-s tezzin

(x2)

Tislit deffir uzeṭṭa tessallay tijebbadin

Arrac zzin-d i temɣart asen tesɣar tiqdimin

(x2)

ya lala ya lalala Arrac ezzin di temɣart

ya lala ya lalala asen tesɣar tiqdimin

Txilek ldi-yin tabburt a Vava Inuva a Vava Inuva

Čenčen tizebgatin-im a yelli ɣriba ah

Ugadeɣ lwaḥc elɣaba a Vava Inuva a Vava Inuva

Ugadeɣ ula d nekkini a yelli ɣriba ah

Adfel yessud tibbura, tuggi kecment yeḥlulen

Tajmaɛt tettsargu tafsut aggur d itran ḥejben

(x2)

Ma d aqejmur n tassaft idegger akken idenyen

Mlalen d akk at waxxam i tmacahut ad slen

(x2)

ya lala ya lalala, mlalen d akk at waxxam

ya lala ya lalala I tmacahut ad slen

Txilek ldi-yin tabburt a Vava Inuva a Vava Inuva

Čenčen tizebgatin-im a yelli ɣriba ah

Ugadeɣ lwaḥc elɣaba a Vava Inuva a Vava Inuva

Ugadeɣ ula d nekkini a yelli ɣriba ah

## Umuɣ n tezlatin n welbum

# A Vava Inuva
# Isefra
# Ssendu
# Azger
# Muqleɣ
# Zwit Rwit
# Cfiɣ
# Azwaw
# Tagrawla
# Tiɣri b ugrud
# Acawi
# Ay Arrac Nneɣ
# Cteduɣi
# Izumal
# L'Mut
# W' Ibryn
# Aɣrib
Tutlayt n Iznassen

**Iznasen** d yiwet n tantala yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tutlayin timaziɣin, ttmeslayen s tutlayt-a deg ugafa asamran n tgelda n umeṛṛuk aladɣa deg tuddar id yezzin i temdint n Berkan, Tantala ayyi tettusismel sɣur tuddsa n unisco d akken-t tudes s waṭas ar umihi n ungar Acku aṭas seg warraw-is uɣalen ssexdamen taserɣint deg umeslay nsen ayalsan

## Ilugan d tseftit

## Amcabi n kra n wawalen gar n Teznast d Teqbaylit

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Taqbaylit
* Tacawit
* Tarifit
* Tamaziɣt
Taciɛit

**Taciɛit** neɣ **Cciɛa** d afurk n tineslemt.

10–13% seg inselmen d Cciɛa.

* Ttamnen belli i iḥekmen af inselmen, limam, ilaq ad yili seg wat wexxam n muḥemmed: twacult-is, tarwa ines. S teɛrabt: ahl lbeyt.  
* Llan i yettamnen belli llan 12 n limamat (neɣ 13 n limamat), nniḍen 5 n limamat.
* Ttamnen belli lmehdi yusa-d yagi, d limam aneggaru, ilul-d 600 iseggasen aya, aha-t g tuffra yettraju tuffɣa n deǧǧal.
Tasunnit

**Tasunnit** d afurk n tineslemt.

65–75% seg inselmen d Ssunna.

* Ttamnen belli i iḥekmen af inselmen, lxalif, ilaq ad yili d aɛrab seg teqbilt n qureyc. Akk lxulafa ɣur-sen d uzrifen. Kra seg-sen ur steɛrifen ara s lxilafa n iɛetmaniyen axaṭer mači d aɛraben. Seg-wasmi temmut ddewla n iɛetmaniyen ssunna ha-ten mebla Xalif, llan kra i iɛerḍen ad uɣalen Xalif lameɛna ur zmiren ara.
* Ttrajun Lmehdi akken ad yettnaɣ amgal d deǧǧal s lemɛiwna n Ɛisa. Deǧǧal d awaɣzen ɣur-s yiwen tiṭ kan, yittidir g tigzirt g tama n tmurt n waɛraben. Yettraju assireg n rebbi akken ad yeffeɣ.
* Imaturidiyen d icɛaryien ttamnen belli ur nezmir ara ad nessen amek yettwaxdem rebbi, lameɛna isalafiyen ɣur-sen rebbi yesɛa tafekka s igmanen am aqerruy, ifassen u iḍaren.
Tutlayt tetserret

**Tetserrit** (s tifinaɣ: **ⵜⴻⵜⵙⴻⵔⵔⵉⵜ**) neɣ **Tin sert** (s tifinaɣ: **ⵜⵢⵏ ⵙⵔⵜ**) d tutlayt tamaziɣt yettwaggzen s umihi n ungar acku anagar n snat n tewsitin (n teqbilin) n imuhaɣ id yegran ttmeslayen s yis, tiwsitin-a d Ayt Awari d Kel Aɣlal yettidiren di Nijer, akken daɣen i ttmeslayen s twellemt igan d tutlayt-nsen tis snat.

## Tiẓri n [[tasnilest|imusnawen]] ɣef tutlayt-a

## Asegder arakal

## Ilugan

## Ẓeṛ daɣen

* Tutlayin titergiyin
Tutlayin Timaziɣin n ugafa

**Tutlayin Timaziɣin n ugafa** d tagrawt n tutlayin timaziɣin i t-mmeslayen deg ugafa ugmid n Tmazɣa (agafa ugmid n Tefriqt ugafa) 
Zik nni, Tutlayin-a llant tgin-t-d tazrart tantalayt maca anekcum n Tserɣint d unfuffed-is d userɣen n kra n imaziɣen yerẓa tazrart-a ayen yeǧǧan tutlayin-a ad mmifraqen-t

## Tutlayin timaziɣin
* Taqbaylit 
* Tutlayin tiznasiyin dɣa tutlayt-a tegzem ar waṭas n tutlayin neɣ n tentaliwin (deg teẓri n kra n imusnawen)
** Tacawit
** Tarifit
** Tumẓabt
** Taggargrent
** Tamaziɣt n Figig
** Tacenwin
** Tagurart
* Tutlayin timaziɣin n waṭlas dɣa tutlayt-a tegzem ar waṭas n tutlayin neɣ n tentaliwin (deg teẓri n kra n imusnawen)
** Tasusit
** Tamaziɣt n waṭlas alemmas
** Taznagt n Srayer
** Taɣmart
Aḥmadeyya

**Aḥmadeyya** d afurk n tineslemt.

~1% seg inselmen d Aḥmadeyya.

* Ttamnen belli Mirza Ɣulam Aḥmed d lmehdi u netta daɣen Ɛisa.
* Dejjal ɣur-sen yir imdanen mači d awaɣzen.
Taznagt n Srayr

**Taznagt n Srayr** (s tifinaɣ: **ⵜⴰⵣⵏⴰⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵔⴰⵢⵔ**) d yiwet n tantala Tamaziɣt ttmeslayen s yis iznagen n srayer deg tama n warif id yezgan s agafa n ameṛṛuk, Tantala ayyi tudes (teqreb) s waṭas ar tmaziɣt n waṭlas ɣas akken tettwasemdu s trifit.

## Addad
Tantala taznagt d tin yettwaggzen s ungar acku gran-d anagar n 50,000 neɣ 70,000 n ifganen i zeddiɣ (mazal) ttmeslayen s yis.

## Imniren
Tawacult n tutlayin

**Tawacult n tutlayin** d tagrawt n tutlayin yezdin deg yiwen n uẓar, ɣas akken llan kra n imusnawen ur mtawan (ur mttafaqen ara) ɣef usismel d tsartut n kra n tutlayin maca ssersen-d agezzum-a anda ẓran  d akken d agezzum igerrzen: 

**Di [[Tafriqt|Tefrikt]] d [[asamar alemmas|usamar alemmas]]**: 
* Tutlayin tifrusyawiyin: gar-asent Tamaziɣt, Tamehrit, Tasumalt, Taččadt deg Tefrikt n ugafa, yakk d Teɛrabt d Tehibṛut d Turamit deg umalu n Asya.
* Tutlayin tinilineẓrafin: am Tin buktu d Tfurayt d Tnubayt.
Azdar

**Azdar** d tagrawt n imdanen yezdin deg yiwet n tmagit, yerna yella d acu i ten-isdukklen am tutlayt d yidles d tmetti d imeru.

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Imaziɣen
* Iqbayliyen
Tutlayin timaziɣin tisemranin

**Tutlayin timaziɣin tisemranin** d yiwet n tegrawt n tutlayin timaziɣin ttmeslayen  yis imaziɣen n Libya d Miẓra. Deg tegrawt-a, llant wazal n 7 n tutlayin, gar-asent snat n tutlayin negren-t (Tasuknit d Tzuregt), ma d 5 niḍen ttwaggzen-t s waṭas s umihi n ungar aladɣa Tawilant.

## Tutlayin timaziɣin n usmar
* Tanfust: ttmeslayen-tt deg ugafa utrim n Libya d kra n yimezdaɣ deg unẓul n Tunes.
* Tasiwit: ttmeslayen-tt imaziɣen n Siwa i d-yezgan deg utaram afellay n Miẓra.
* Tawilant: ttmeslayen-tt imezdaɣ n temdint n Ujila i d-yezgan deg usamar n Libya, tutlayt-a tettwaggez s waṭas s umihi n wengar.
* Tasuknit: llan ttmeslayen yis imezdaɣ n Fezzan maca tura tenger.

## Tiwelhiwin
Tutlayt n tdersi

**Tutlayt n tdersi** d tutlayt tettmeslay-it kra n tdersi deg kra n temnaṭ yerna tla tukza (asteɛṛef) sɣur udabu
Taɣumart

**Taɣmart** (s tifinaɣ:  **ⵜⴰⵖⵎⴰⵕⵜ**) d yiwet n tantala n Tmaziɣt n Waṭlas  ttmeslayen s yis iɣmaren deg ugafa n Umeṛṛuk (Deg Accawen d Tiṭṭawen), tutlayt-a tudes (teqreb) s waṭas ar Teznagt n Srayer maca temgarad s waṭas ar Trifit, 
ttmeslayen-t wazal n 10,000 n ifganen ɣef anect-a tettusismel d tutlayt yettwaggzen s ungar.

## Amizi n ungar

## Tiwelhiwin
Taseɣrucnit

**Taseɣrucnit** (s tifinaɣ: **ⵜⴰⵙⵖⵔⵓⵛⵏⵉⵜ**) d yiwet n tantala n tamaziɣt taznast yeṭṭafaren afurk n *tmaziɣt n waṭlas alemmas asemran*, ttmeslayen-t Wayt seɣruccen deg ugafa alemmas n Umeṛṛuk.

## Asesmel
Taseɣrucnit d tantala taznast yeṭṭafaren tamaziɣt n waṭlas alemmas.

## [[Tasnimeslit]]
Taseɣrucnit tettwassen d akken tla (tesɛa) ananray imidis [ɬ]

## Tiwelhiwin
Tigẓelt

**Tigẓelt** (Asget: **Tigeẓẓal**) d yiwen n ugman ilan (yesɛan) azal deg tfekka n umdan, talɣa-ynes tettemcabi ar taqqayt (taɛeqqayt) n tazant, ini-ynes d aras iy malen ar uzeggaɣ, ableɣ-is yettawaṭ ar 12 cm, Dɣa d tigẓelt id tagensast ɣef usizdeg d usisrew (uṣeffi) n idammen seg uɣes yakk d usemsasa ɣef webleɣ n imazzalen deg tfekka d usemnekni n tesmekta n iferdisen izruranen am ioonen d tisent 

## Assileɣ n tegẓelt

## Igelman n tegẓelt

## Amahil n tegẓelt

## Tawuri n tegẓelt

## Iblaṭen n tegẓelt
Idammen

**ihan** d ayen id ittwasegren seg tebruriyin n idammen tizeggaɣin d tebruriyin n idammen timellalin d plasma d teflihant, Dɣa ihan gan d azeṭṭa anusɣun yerna d imsefki s waṭas i  waṭas n imuddiren am yefganen d iɣersiwen, Tawuri-ynes tagejdant d asiweṭ n wučči d uksijin d ihurmunen ar yakk izeṭṭawen d tebniqin n tfekka 
Taseddart n tezɣelt n ihan d 37° C. 

## Isegren n idammen

## Tawuri n idammen

## Tilmas n idammen
Aberru

**Aberru** neɣ **Ajṛad** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Locusta*) d aburɣas yeṭṭafaren tafesna n tserdefriwin dges ugar n 20,000 n telmas yettidiren deg yidgan yemgaraden deg umadal, Aberru iga d yiwet n telmast n yebẓaẓ ilan (yesɛan) iṭarren udfiren (n deffir) ttallen-t i wenttag anda tezmer ad tentteg azal n 20 n tikkal n teɣzi n tfekka-ynes.

Aberru d aɣersiw ilan (isɛan) aṭas n icenga d ingiren (iɛdawen) am iylalen d iɣeṛdayen d izerman d izunzar akken daɣen i llan kra n izdayen d iɣerfan i t-itetten am kra n iɣerfan n Asya d imaziɣen n Sus.

## Tilmas n uberru

## Amyaraw n uberru
Abẓiẓ

**Abẓiẓ** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Caelifera*) d aburɣas yeṭṭafaren tafesna n tserdefriwin yezmer ad intteg i wsetun yugaren teɣzi-ynes s waṭas n tikkal

## Amgarad gar n webẓiẓ d [[Aberru|uberru]]
Abẓiẓ yettemcabi s waṭas ar uberru maca mgaraden deg:
* Timejjatin ɣezzifen deg zdat n wudem
* Tafekka hrawen 
* afriwen yugaren adis s waṭas 
* Abẓiẓ d aburɣas amestugan yakk d amseksum dec yiwen n wakud, ma d aberru d amsetugan kan

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Tahibṛut tamaynut

**Taɛebrit tamaynut** d tutlayt id ismugren (id ittuṣenɛen) deg taggara n tsut tis 19 deg Uruppa anda udayen urmen (ɛeṛden) ad ssidren tutlayt taɛebrit n zik iy negren (yellam imar nni tettusexdem deg wesɣan kan) i wakken ad tuɣal d tutlayt tamaddudt n tmurt n Israyil seld n tlallit-is deg useggas n 1948, Maca assider n tɛebrit ur yelli ara d iswi i wssider n tutlayt s iman-is maca d tikti yeqqnen ar tezyunist i tnekra n tmurt n Israyl 

## Amezruy

## Assider n taɛebrit yettwarun

## Assider n Tehibṛut yettmeslayen
Tutlayt tawellemt

**Tawellemt** neɣ **Tamajeq** (s tifinaɣ tadigant: **ⵜⴰⵯⵍⵍⵎⵜ**, **ⵜⵎⵋⵈ**) d yiwet n tutlayt tamaziɣt tatergit ttmeslayen-t Imuhaɣ n unẓul agmudan n Mali d unẓul utrim n Nnijer d kra n izegnan deg ugafa n Nijirya, dɣa tawellemt tla (tesɛa) amdan ameqran n imsawalen gar yakk tutlayin titergiyin imi amḍan-nsen yugar 600,000 n yimsawalen (yettaweṭ alamma 810,000).

## Ismawen n tutlayt-a

## Asegder arakal
Ugar n wezgen n imsawalen s tutlayt-a ttidiren deg Nnijer s wazal n 450,000 n imsawalen (deg useggas n 1998), 

Imezdaɣ n tamiwin-a ttmeslayen es yis ama deg uxxam neɣ deg uzaɣar (beṛṛa) akken daɣen i tekcem deg 16 n iɣerbazen anda id tt-ssɣaṛayen deg 3 n iseggasen imezwura deg iɣerbazen imenza, Maca deg temdinin yeṭṭafar-it ugur n waggaz anda ilemẓiyen n tura ur ttmeslayen ara yis 

Tawellemt tettusexdem d tutlayt tis snat ɣer yimsawalen n tutlayt n tagdal d tasawaq d tetserrt

## Tantaliwin
Deg Tewellemt llant snat n tentaliwin
* Tawellemt tan ataram (*ⵜⴰⵡⴻⵍⵍⴻⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ*)
* Iwllemmden (*ⵉⵡⵍⵍⴻⵎⵎⴷⴻⵏ*)

## Tiwelhiwin
Tutlayt tanamurt

**Tutlayt tanamurt** neɣ **tutlayt taɣelnawt** d irem id yesskanayen addad asadaf n tutlayin ur nessawed ara ad alin-t ar uswir n tutlayt tamaddudt, Ddg waṭas n wakuden tutlayt tanamurt tla (tesɛa) taɣwalt tadelsant d tmazrayt n kra n weɣref. 

## Tutlayin tinamurin d timaddudin (tunṣibin)
Kra n tutlayin tinamurin d timaddudin deg kra n tmura: 

**[[Albanya]]**
Tutlayt Talbant d tutlayt tanamurt di Albanya.

**Lezzayer
Taɛrabt d tmaziɣt tafuṣḥit tazzayrit i d tutlayin tunṣibin.
Uruppa talemmast

**Uruppa talemmast** d tamnaḍt id yezgan gar n umur utrim d umur agmuḍan n Uruppa, irem n Uruppa talemmast yeggumi ɣef tmagit tadelsant d tmazrayt yezdin gar n iɣerfan-is

## Timura
Timura n Uruppa talemmast gan-t d: 

* Lalman
* Tutrict
* Taswist
* Puḷunya
* Ččik
* Sluvakya
* Sluvinya

Akken daɣen iy keččmen-t kra n tmura n iden deg kra n tikwal: 
* Rumanya
* Kruwatya
* Sirbya
* Mentenegro
* Busnya d Hirziguvina
* Bulgarya
* Masidunya n Ugafa

## Amezruy

## Tadamsa

## Tutlayin
Tutlayt Talmant

**Talmant** (assaɣ ayman: **Deutsch**) d yiwet n tutlayt Taǧermant tutrimt igan d yiwen n ufurk seg twacult n tutlayin tihendurupyin, Talmant tettumeslay s talɣa tagejdant deg Uruppa talemmast anda i tga d tutlayt tamaddudt n Tegduda n Lalman tadukklant  d tegduda Tutrict d umazan n Liechtenstein akken daɣen i tga d yiwet seg kuẓ (4) n tutlayin tinamurin n Teswist d yiwet daɣen seg 3 n tutlayin timaddudin n tdukt n Luxembourg yakk d yiwet seg tutlayin timaddudin n Tgelda n Biljik (Tamɣiwent yessawalen Talmant n Biljik) yakk d tutlayt tamaddudt deg tama n unẓul n Tyrol id yezgan deg ugafa n tegduda n Italy, yakk d tutlayt n tadersi Jutland n unẓul yeṭṭafaren tamurt n Danmaṛk 
Tutlayin tiǧermanin n umalu n iden am Tefrikanist d Tehullandit d Tegnizt d Tefrist d Telmant taddayt d Tyidict d gid-ak yakk yettemcabin s waṭas ar Telmant akken daɣen yella kra wemcabi s tfesniwin yemgaraden yakk d Tdanict d Tnerwijt d Teswidt yeṭṭafaren afurk agafay n tutlayin tiǧermanin 
Talmant d tutlayt Taǧermant tis snat deg wemdan n imsawalen seld n Teglizt

Talmant d yiwet gar tutlayin timadlanin timeqranin acku tga d tutlayt tayemmat i wugar n 100 n imelyan n yemdanen deg umadal, akken i tga d tutlayt tamezwart deg tiddukla n Turuft akken daɣen i tga d tutlayt tis snat (s tezfi yakk d Tefrensist) seld n Teglizt ayen ara ad tt-yeǧǧen d tutlayt tis snat deg tiddukla n Uruppa seld Taglizit

## Asegder arakal
**Uruppa**

Talmant tettusexdem deg ansa amezwar deg Lalman anda tga d tutlayt tayemmat n 95% n imezdaɣ-is, 89% deg Tutrict, 65% di Teswist akken i tga d tutlayt n tigti deg Liechtenstein, akken daɣen i tella Telmant d tutlayt n tdersi deg kra n tamiwin d igezduyen n Ṭelyan d Danmaṛk, Akken daɣen i llant kra n timɣiwanin yettmeslayen s Telmant deg kra n imuren n tmurt n Ččik d Hungaria d Puḷunya d Rumanya yakk d kra n tmura n iden ur nli (ur nesɛi) tilisa s Lalman am Kazaxistan d Qubrus d Sirbya

**Deg uzaɣar n Uruppa**

Amzegraw ameqran yakk n imsawalen s Telmant deg uzaɣar n Uruppa d win yellan deg Iwunak Yeddukklen n Marikan d Kanada d Brazil d Tarjentint anda imelyan n Ilmanen gguǧǧen ar tmura ayyi seg 200 n iseggasen-a yezrin maca tura azgen ameqran n warraw-nsen ur ttmeslayen ara Talment

## Imeslayen imezdayen yakk d Teglizt
Aẓaṛ n tutlayt Taglizit yettuɣal ar Telmant anda iminigen Ilmanen ddmen tutlayt-a ar Bṛitanya 

## Asuffeɣ n Telmant ar umadal

## Tiwelhiwin
Tutlayin tiǧermanin tutrimin

**Tutlayin tiǧermanin tutrimin** d afurk meqqren yakk di twacult n tutlayin tiǧermanin, dɣa Talmant d Teglizit d Tehullandit d kra n tutlayin d tantaliwin n iden am Tyidict d Telmant taddayt.

## Asekku n twacult

## Amezruy

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Tutlayt tamaddudt

**Tutlayt tamaddudt** (tutlayt tunṣibt) d tutlayt imi id yettunefk umeggez asadaf ddg kra n uwanak, Tutlayt tamaddudt d tin yessexsam udabu amdya deg wemni d teɣdemt,Maca deg waṭas n tikwal tutlayt tamaddudt mači d tutlayt yessexsam uɣref deg tmeslayt-is, Mac yessexsam-it kan udabu 
Azal 178 n iwunak n umadal ssexdamen yiwet n tutlayt tamaddudt ma drus, 101 ssexdamen ugar n yiwet n tutlayt tamaddudt, ihi azal ameqran n iwunak-a ttakzen-d (steɛrifen-d) s ugar n yiwet n tutlayt tamaddudt d tanamurt 

Taglizit yakk i d tutlayt ilan azal ameqran n iwunak anda i tella d tamaddudt (51 n iwunak). 

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Umuɣ n tutlayin timaddudin
* Tutlayt tanamurt
* Tutlayt n tdersi
* Tagetutlayt
Taciɛit n 12 n limamat

**Taciɛit n 12 n limamat** d afurk n Taciɛit. Ttamnen belli llan 12 limamat, mačči 5 am ttamnen at taciɛit n 5 limamat.
Taciɛit n 5 n limamat

**Taciɛit n 5 n limamat** neɣ **Zeydeyya** d afurk n Taciɛit. Ttamnen belli llan 5 limamat, mačči 12 am ttamnen at taciɛit n 12 n limamat.
Taciɛit n 13 n limamat

**Taciɛit n 13 limamat** neɣ **Talivit** d afurk n Taciɛit n 12 n limamat. Ttamnen belli 12 limamat nni yerna-yas yiwen nniḍen isem-is: Lḥaǧ Bektac Vli. 10% ar 20% n iturkiyen ttekkin ɣer ddin-agi. Alevism d tamagit (identité) taɣelnawt (ethno-religieuse) daɣen. Iwakken ad yili yiwen d Alevi, ilaq ad d-ilul seg yemma-s d Alevi.
Adrar n infusen

**Adrar n infusen** (s Tifinaɣ: **ⴰⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴼⵓⵙⴻⵏ**) d azrar n idurar aneẓru id yezgan deg tama n umalu n Ṭrables deg ugafa utrim n tmurt n Libya, Tazrart-a tbeddu-d seg unẓul agmudan n Tunes w ad tezger tilisa arma d Nalut sin akin ad tfakk deg usamar n Ɣeryan, Isek (Taqacuct) yeflalen yakk deg idurar-a tessawaṭ ar 968 m, tuget n imezdaɣ-is d imaziɣen ttmeslayen s Tenfust iga d yiwet gar tutlayin timaziɣin ticerqiyin.

## Asemmi
Iserɣinen ssemmayen adrar-a s "Al Jabal Al ɣarbi" anamak-is s Teqbaylit "Adrar utrim", Send n tegrawla n 17 Fuṛaṛ tuget n Iliban ɣilen d akken isem-a yefka-ay-s-t Mɛemmer Lqeddafi send mi is-yekkes isem-is amaziɣ "Adrar n infusen" maca isem-a (Al Jabal Al ɣarbi" yettuɣal ar tallit n iwtmanen iw semgirre-d n tama ayyi ɣef El Jabal el axdar.

## Tuddar d temdinin n wedrar
* Ɣeryan
* Yefren
* Iryaynen
* Jadu
* Tiɣermin (S Tserɣint: Zintan)
* Kabaw 
* Nalut
* Tiji

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Aṛekka

**Aṛekka** neɣ **Aṛak** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Vulpes rueppellii**) d yiwet n telmest n iburaɣ yeṭṭafaren tawacult n taydiyyin, yettidir deg Tefrikt n ugafa d usamar alemmas. Talmest-a tettidir gar n 6 ar 7 n iseggasen.

## Aglam
Teɣzi n tfekka n uṛekka gar n 40 ar 50 cm. Yettazen 1,7 kg ma d tiddi-ynes ar tuyat 25 cm ɣef wanecta aṛekka iga d aɣersiw meẓẓiyen yakk deg twacult-is "taydiyyin", Aṛekka meẓẓiy uma ɣef warraɣ maca meqqer s amacemma ɣef yiɣecter.

## Tudert d umyaraw
Iṛekka ttidiren d tayuga neɣ d tagrawt deg kra n tama meẓẓiyen, ma d addaden n umercel-nsen ar tura ur ttwassnen  mya amdan-nsen deg uzɣar (lexla) ur tettwassen ara ɣef wanect-a Umuɣ azeggaɣ n telmas yettwaggzen ur t-ittessismil ara deg kra n waddad abadu acku ulac aṭas n isalan fell-as maca llan kra isnudranen id yeqqaren d akken aṛekka d talmest ur tettwaggez

## Tidefrin

## Assaɣ d tezdayt yakk d medden

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Awanak

**Awanan** (Asget: **iwunak**) d tagrawt n ifganen yettidiren deg yiwet n temnaṭ tasertit, idebl-iten (iḥekm-iten) yiwen n unagraw aserti mtawan (mtafaqen) fell-as, anagraw-a yelha-d s talɣa n uwanak-a, Ddg umadal llan waṭas n iwunak ɣas akken inagrawen-is mgaraden 

## Asenmel n uwanak
**Asenmel aserti**

## Asmgired gar uwanak d irmawen n iden
* **Tamurt**: D agezzum arakal
* **Aɣlan**: D tagrawt n ifganen yezdin deg tutlayt d umezruy d iẓuran 
*  **Awanak**: D tagrawt n tsuda n tenbadt ilan (yesɛan) tanaya ɣef kra n tmurt d uɣref-is

## Asemgired gar n uwanak d unabad

## Talɣiwin n iwunak

## Tiwura n uwanak

## Aselway
Anagraw n isalan imessartiyen ummid

]

**Anagraw n Isalan Imessartiyen Ummid** (s Teglizit:  
I*Integrated Taxonomic Information System* ) neɣ **ITIS** d tiddukla id yettwasnulfan i ussegfer d tufka n isalan inaflasen imeɣta (iṣeḥḥan) ɣef tsensartut d telmast tisnudranin. Tiddukla ayi tennulfa-d deg uẓar d tagrawt d tineggiwin deg Marikan deg useggas n 1996, ma d tura tuɣal d tasudut tagraɣlant.

## Tineggiwin tigmanin
* Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
* Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO)
* Tadbelt tanamurt i yigarawen d tignewt
* 

## Turagt

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Taydiyyin

**Taydiyyin** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Canidae*) d tawacult n iɣersiwen imseksumen irammaten dgi ttekkan iṭan d iɣas d wuccanen d iburaɣ d ikuyuten, Talmest-a teẓẓun (tefṛeq) ɣef snat n tɣerfin (TIƔAS «Canini» yakk d TIBURAƔ «Vulpini»)

## Asismel
Tawacult-a tettuglem-d i tikkelt tamezwarut deg useggas n 1817 sɣur umgama Alman Johann Fischer von Waldheim 

**Umuɣ n tewsitin** 
S unect (Ɛla ḥsab) n ITIS (deg wass n 10 yennayer 2014), Mammal Species of the World (alqem 3, 2005) (10 yennayer 2014) d NCBI (10 yennayer 2014):
* *[[Aydi ameẓyan n imeẓẓuɣen|Atelocynus]]* Cabrera, 1940 — Aydi ameẓyan n imeẓẓuɣen
* *[[Aydi (tawsit)|Canis]]* Linnaeus, 1758 — Aɣsi, Aydi, Akuyut, Uccen, Dingu
* *[[Cerdocyon]]* Hamilton-Smith, 1839 — Abareɣ n wegdal, Cerdocyon avius
* *[[Aɣsi bu yzilel|Chrysocyon]]* Hamilton-Smith, 1839 — Aɣsi bu yzilel
* *[[Ajak|Cuon]]* Hodgson, 1838 — Dhole
* *[[Aɣsi n Malvinas|Dusicyon]]* Hamilton-Smith, 1839 — [[Aɣsi n Malvinas
* *[[Lycalopex]]* Burmeister, 1854
* Lycaon Brookes, 1827 —  Aguli
* Nyctereutes Temminck, 1839 — Atanuki

**Taseklut n tsartut**
## Iylan
Taydiyyin d iɣersiwen imesfednen yettidiren deg twennaṭin yemgaraden, Teɣzi n telmas-is gar n 24 cm ar 80 cm

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Aydi
* Uccen
* Abareɣ
Tiddukla tamazɣalt

**Tiddukla tamazɣalt** d yiwet n telmast n tdukliwin yellan deg tmura ilan (yesɛan) anagraw d d amegdu, Dɣa tiddukliwin-a ssebɣasen-t iduba i wakken ad xedmen imahilen akken i ttkemmilen-t i wayen ixedmen ama deg uswir aɣelnaw, n ugezdu, n wasun neɣ n taddart

## Tilmas n tdukliwin timazɣalin
* Tiddukli n tullas
* Tiddukliwin tidelsanin
*
Tanfust

**Tanfust** (s tifinaɣ: **ⵜⴰⵏⴼⵓⵙⵜ**) d yiwet n tutlayt tamaziɣt tasemrant ttmeslayen-t imezdaɣ n wedrar n infusen deg ugafa utrim n Libya (deg temdinin d tuddar i d-yezzin i Nalut, Jadu d Yefren) yakk d kra n imezdaɣ deg unẓul n Tunes.

Tantala n Yefren deg usamar temgarad amacemma ɣef tentala n Nalut d Jadu deg umala maca mači s waṭas, Tutlayt Tanfust tella d tutlayt n tira anda llan waṭas n imagraden n wesɣan yettuɣalen ar tasutin yezri aladɣa deg tsut tis 12.

## Asesmel
Anekcum n Ethnologue yesdukkul tamaziɣt n Ǧerba d Tzuwart d Tmaziɣt n Meṭmaṭa s ddaw n wezwel n *Tenfust* maca anect-a ur yemtawa ara d usexdem akadim d udigan i yirem-a.

## Addad n Tenfust

## Amizi

## Tiwelhiwin
Aydi

**Aydi** neɣ **Aqjun** (isem ussnan: **Canis lupus familiaris**) d aɣersiw asuḍad yeṭṭafaren tawacult n taydiyyin. Yettwagred send n 14000 ɣer 150000 n iseggasen seg wuccen. Aydi yettwassen s tekdit ɣef wanecta is-qqaren *Amekdi*. Deg tmaziɣt, aẓaṛ n wawal «*AYDI*» yekka-d seg wawal *Yidi*, acku d aɣersiw iy teddun d wemdan deg ucali-ines, ama deg yidurar neɣ deg tneẓrufin, deg yal akud d tallit. Llant waṭas n tdefrin n yiḍan, yal yiwet s twuri-ines am uṭarus, aydi n tkessawt, aydi n tugguẓt d uzawax.

## Amezruy
Aydi d aɣersiw amezwaru yakk iy ssegred ufgan seg yiɣas id ibanen send n 60 n imelyan n iseggasen, Aydi yedder d ufgan ugar n 14000 n iseggasen id yekkan seg tedfert n iɣas i yellan tt-calin deg tẓegwa d ilmayen n Turuft d Asya d Marikan n ugafa i wakken ad tt-unag (ad tt-nadi) ɣef wučči-ynes, ma d tura llant waṭas n tdefrin n yiṭan, Dɣa aṭas n tɣessiwin id ufan imusnawen deg Danmaṛk d Legliz d Lalman d Spanya d Kurya d tmura n iden ttuɣalen-t i tallit n uzarmezruy, Uccen yella tettwassen ar imiẓranen imziken akken i llan xeddmen-d isebdad n ufgan s uqerruy n wuccen. 

## Tidefrin n yiṭan

## Tikeli

## Amyaraw
Tawtemt n uydi tettawaṭ ar wakud n tarrawt seg wayyur wis 8 n waddar-is, Tadist tettaṭaf seg 56 ar 72 n wussan. 

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Aṭlas ameqqran

**Aṭlas ameqran** (s Tsusit d Tamaziɣt n weṭlas alemmas: **Adrar n Dern**) d amur afellay n tezrart n idurar n Aṭlas deg umeṛṛuk tbeddu seg yiri n ugaraw anaṭlas deg teftisin n Agadir deg unẓul utrim alamma d umurakuc, Isek (Taqacuct) yeflalen yakk deg tezrart-a d isek n tugg kal s waddud n 4165 m, Tazrart-a tettwagzem ar snat n tkura yebṭan gar-asent deg usaka n Tilwin, Dɣa d takura tutrimt (n umalu) i yeflalen ɣef tkura tagmudant (n usamar), Tazrart-a tla azal meqqren deg unezwi imi tgezzem tagelda n Umeṛṛuk ar snat n tamiwin tinezwayin (Anezwu aneẓraf deg usamar, d unezwu amnummsan deg umalu).

## Isem
Imaziɣen iy zedɣen idurar-a ssemman-asen **Adrar n Dern** acku gan d aɣbalu n waman id yettaken tudert.

## Tudert n imezdaɣ

## Tiwlafin

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Idurar n Aṭlas
* Tinɣir
* Aṭlas alemmas
Idurar n waṭlas

**Idurar n waṭlas** (s tifinaɣ: **ⵉⴷⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙ**) d azrar n idurar yeddan s agafa utrim n umenẓaw n Tefrikt deg tmura n Tunes d Ležžayer d Umeṛṛuk s teɣzi n 2500 km (1600 Mill), isek (Taqacuct) yeflalen yakk deg tezrart-a d Tugg kal id yezgan deg unẓul utrim n Tgelda n Umeṛṛuk a waddud yessawṭen ar 4167 m, ilel agrakal d win id yettalsen idurar n Weṭlas seg ugafa d usamar, seg unẓul tettals-it-d tneẓruft tameqrant, seg umalu Agaraw anaṭlas 

Idurar n Weṭlas d tamurt n waṭas n telma n yimɣan d iɣersiwen yettwassnen s tdusi d tannumi mgal ugama yemrayen (qessiḥen) maca ttemcabin s waṭas i wid yettidiren deg wakal n Turuft acku anezwu deg idurar-a d win isemmṭen am Turuft, Dɣa aṭas deg telmas-a ttwaggzen-t s umihi n wengar am ubaɣus amaziɣ, izerzer amaziɣ, izem amaziɣ (iy negren deg uzɣar), akken i llant telmas iy negren s ussawen am ilew n tmazɣa d ursu n waṭlas d uɣilas amaziɣ (ɣas ma llan imusnawen id yeqqaren d akken zeddiɣ ur yengir ara)

## Igezzumen n idurar n waṭlas
Idurar n waṭlas d wid yettwagezmen ar waṭas yismilen d igezzumen  seg umalu ar usamar:
* Aṭlas ameqran, Aṭlas alemmas d Aṭlas ameẓyan taggayt-a tella deg tmurt n Umeṛṛuk
* Idurar n Arrif deg ugafa n Umeṛṛuk, llan imusnawen id tt-yessismilen d amur deg wezdar n idurar n waṭlas. Akken i llan wid id yeqqaren d akken mači d amur n tezrart-a 
* Aṭlas aneẓraf deg tmurt n Ležžayer
* aṭlas anewrir deg ugafa n Lezzayer d ugafa n Tunes d Tmurt n Iqbayliyen 
* Idurar n Awras deg ugafa agmudan n Lezzayer d tlemmast n Tunes

## Imezdaɣ
Tuget n imezdaɣ n idurar n waṭlas d imaziɣen 

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Azrar n idurar
* Aṭlas ameqran
* Aṭlas alemmas
* Ibaburen
* Tasili n azjer
Tugg kal

**Tugg kal** (s tifinaɣ: **ⵜⵓⴳⴳ ⴽⴰⵍ**) d isek neɣ taqacuct yeflalen yakk deg tezrart n Idurar n Aṭlas tella deg Tgelda n Umeṛṛuk taggug (tebɛed) s 82 km s anẓul n Amurakuc deg yiwet n taddart isem-is imlil iy kecmen deg wefrag aɣelnaw n Tugg kal, Taqacuct-a Teflal s wazal n 4167 m ayen ara ad tt-yeǧǧen d taqacuct tamzwarut deg teflel deg Tefrikt n ugafa d tis snat deg umenẓaw n Tefrikt seld n wedrar n Kilimanjaṛu

## Abrid ar tqacuct
I wakken ad yaweṭ ufgan (umdan) ar tqacuct n Tugg kal yessefk ad yezri seg isni sin akin ar Imlil anda yettfakka ubrid ameqran agejdan i wakken ad yaweṭ ar yiwet n temnaṭ umi qqaren *Camehruc* anda llant tmeččiyin d isensa  

## Aẓaṛ n wawal
Awal n TUGG KAL d awal amaziɣ anamak-is s Teqbaylit (Yejba f wakal neɣ ɣef tegnit) acku adrar-a yakk i d tiẓunt yeflalen deg idurar n waṭlas 

## Idurar id yezzin
* Iɣil Mgun  (4068 m)
* Adrar n Sirwa (3300 m, yezga-d gar n waṭlas ameqran d waṭlas ameẓyan)

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Taddart

**Taddart** (Asget: **Tuddar** neɣ **Tudrin**) d ideg anda tt-msegrawen dges ifganen xeddmen-d dges timetti-nsen, Amdan n imezdaɣ yettili gar kra n imṛawen ar wagim (alef) tt-gin-d tawsit neɣ adrum neɣ yiwet n twacult ma drus

## Taddart deg yidles Aqbayli

## Taddart deg Tefrikt

## Taddart deg Turuft

## Taddart deg Asya
Imlil

**Imlil** (s tifinaɣ: **ⵉⵎⵍⵉⵍ**) d yiwet n taddart deg waṭlas ameqran id yezgan deg tlemmast n tgelda n Umeṛṛuk  deg aɣir n Azilal, Zedɣen-t wazal n 9800 n imezdaɣ akk-nsen d imaziɣen

## Iderman n taddart
* Ayt Suka
* Tawrirt
* Arɣen
* Tanɣurt
* Tala wul
* Tamtert
* Taddart

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Wad amlil
Iddew amaziɣ

**iddew amaziɣ** neɣ **Ibki** (isem ussnan: *Macaca sylvanus*) d talmest n iɣersiwen yeṭṭafaren tawsit n yibka. 
Iddew amaziɣ d yiwen n yibki ur nli (ur nesɛi) asallaf, yettidir deg idurar n Aṭlas deg tmurt n Iqbayliyen d Lezzayer d Umeṛṛuk  d Gibraltar.

## Asemmi
Deg waṭas n tutlayin yettwanefk-as-d uglam n *Amaziɣ* (Barbary) acku yettidir deg wakal n imaziɣen akken daɣen ila (yesɛa) ismawen n iden s Tmaziɣt amdya (**Abaɣus**, **Azeɣṭuṭ**, **Abiddaw** ...) 

## Aglam
Ini n yiddew amaziɣ d aras imal ar tewṛeɣ ma d idis-is adday imal ar uzunɣid, Ini n wudem-is d azwawaɣ yeɣman (qessiḥen), Tiddi-ynes tafellayt i yezmer ad igmu 75 cm. Ma d azuk-is 13 kg, teɣzi n ifassen-is tugar agla n iṭarren-is 

## Amyaraw
Tasemhuyt n umercel n telmest-a tettili-d gar n wember ar Meɣres, Tawtemt tettarew-d anagar yiwen n iddew seld Tadist yettaṭafen gar n 147 ar 192 n wussan, iddew amaziɣ yezmer ad idder ar 20 n iseggasen 

## Assaɣ-is d yimdanen

## Tuggza n umihi

## Ẓeṛ daɣen