Itran n Imucaɣ

**Tezedmin n imucaɣ** d tamusni n Imucaɣ ɣef tzedmin d yetran imi d itran i d-t-nittanren (id t-niheddun) mi ara ad ttinigen deg tniriwin. Ula d Imucaɣ ufan deg igenni igrawen  n yetran yecban zund kra n tugniwin, am akken i t-xedmen si zik iɣerfan niden.

## Tifrawin n tzedmin

* **[[Talamt|Ursa Maior]]**=  (*talamt*), deg-s 9 yetran neɣ ugar: 
** iṭarren wi n eleqqam* (tadawt, iṭarren n deffir) akk d *ciwa* (iṭarren n zdat)
** 3 yetran n ufettus-is = *takamci* neɣ *tikerdaf n iri n talamt* (iɣsan n iri n telɣemt), s wudem ufrin:
**# [[Takerduft tamezwart|Alioth]] = *takerduft ta tazzarat*
**# [[Takerduft tis snat|Mizar]] = *takerduft ta n sänatät*
**# [[Takerduft tis kṛad|Alkaid]] = *takerduft ta n käradät* 
** [[Iɣef n telɣemt|Arcturus]] = *iɣaf n tälämt* 
** [[inad|Alcor]] = *énaḍ*
** S unect n Duveyrier, rennun-asen yetran wiyaḍ (ψ, λ, μ, ν, ξ *Ursae Maioris*) yellan d *eljemɣat* (agraw)

* *'Ursa Minor** = ''äwära'' (mmis n telɣemt) 
** [[Itri n ugafa]] = ''lenkecem''

* **Pleiades** = ''Cet Ehoḍ'', Tislitin n ''Aldebaran'' d ''Orion'', di 7 yid-sent, i wakken ad nemqet 3 n tyugiwin d yiwet yellan s iman-is:
** ''ma teseksek'' akk d ''essek-awet''
** ''ma teleɣleɣ'' akk d ''elleɣ-awet''
** ''ma teregreg'' akk d ''erreg-awet''
** ''tiṭ-ennit aba-tet'' (tin war tiṭṭ-is)/''Fadimata is ikkăs Amănăr teṭṭ-ennit făl telleq n ebdebed'' (Faḍimata yesmundel ''Orion'' i lmend n umennuɣ af wuraw n ifsan)
* **Aries** (35 Arietis, 41 Arietis, 39 Arietis) = ''tamezgida n Cet Ehoḍ''

* **Hyades** = ''ulli'' (tixsi)
* **Corona Borealis** = ''abuk n enaḍen''
** [[Talefka|Alphecca]], itri tafat-is tif tafat n yitran n iden yakk

* **Orion** = ''Amänär'' 
** [[Afus ayeffus (itri)|Betelgeuse]] = ''afus wa n aɣil'' 
** [[Afus azelmaṭ|Bellatrix]] = ''afus wa n tecalge''
** [[Tagbest n umanar|Orion's Belt]] = ''tagbest n Amänär'' 
** [[Aṭar n ulaku|Rigel]] = ''aḍer n alaku''
** "[[Tamezgida n umanar|Pi Orionis]] (π<sub>1</sub>-π<sub>6</sub> Ori) = ''tamezgida n Amänär''
** [[Asignew n umanar]] = ''eyy'' neɣ ''äshiwa n Amänär'' 

* **Aramul** ("Taurus") = ''Kukayud''. ama d isem n yitri n [[Aldebaran]] iman-is ama d isem n tegrawt n yitran (di 3 yid-sen) anda yella yitri-yagi: win d alemmas wiyaḍ di sin idisan-is.

* **Akniwen** (Barrère) neɣ **Ajdaɛ** ("Centaure") (Bernus-ag Sidyene) = ''ineran'' (izerzeren)
** ''ener'' (izerzer)
** ''tenert'' (tizerzert)

* **Ṣṣlib n Wenẓul** = ''iggaren'' (imɣan n ''[[Maerua crassifolia]]'') : 4 yemɣan yellan d adernu, anda kessen izenzaren n Ujdaɛ

* **Lyra** = ''égädär wa sgänän'' (igider yeqqimen af ucku); ''égädär wa sgänän'' d isem daɣen n yitri ameqqran deg terbaɛt:
** [[Vega]]
* **Igider** = ''égädär wa iggädän'' (igider yufgen); ''égädär wa iggädän'' d isem daɣen n yitri ameqqran deg terbaɛt:
** [[Altair]]

* **Cycnus** =  ''tanegit'' ([[ɣarnuq s ettaj]] : Prasse-Alojali-Mohamed)

* **aydi ameqqran** (Canis maior) = ''ifäräkfärakän'' (wid yettferficen mi ttmimmiḍen deg usaɣur); albaɛḍ nnan-as belli ''ifäräkfärakän'' d "aẓeɛkuk-is" kan : ɛ, δ, η
** [[Sirius]] = ''eidi'' (aydi)
** [[Murzim]] (β Canis Maioris) = ''awhim'' (aberhuc n teɣzalt)
** [[Procion]] (α **Canis Minor**) = ''teidit'' (taydit)

* **Awtul** = ''ihenkad'' (tiɣzalin)

* **Argo Navis**
** [[Canopus]] (α [[Carina]]e) = ''ghusshät'' (ɣuct) / ''wadet''
** δ [[Vela]]e = ''tänaflit'' (sseɛd)
** itri ur nemeɛqul = ''teẓẓurt'' (leɛtab)

* **Tiɣirdemt** = ''tezardemt'' (tiɣirdemt), maca terbaɛt agi feṣṣlen-tt d leslayeɛ :
** amur n zdat yella d ''talezdäq'' (tazdayt)
** [[Antares]] = ''Abelkoray'' / ''Amrot'' (ilemẓi yettalayen afell-as)
**  [[Graffias]] (&beta;<sup>1</sup> Sco) ak°d [[Dschubba]] (δ Sco) = ''tibaradin'' (tiqcicin) [akkenni i s-qqaren Prasse d wiyiḍ; ɛlaḥsab n Barrère ''tibaradin'' d itran n [[Sagitta]] ]
** aẓeɛkuk n tɣirdemt, ẓran deg-s ''tenilt'' ([[tanilt]]). Deg-s nufa : 
*** [[Shaula]] (λ Sco) ak°d [[Lesath]] (υ Sco) yellan d ''Tyettawén en tanilt'', "allen n tenilt"

* **Asif n igenwan** = ''mehellaw'' (win izellemen)
** ''Eyes'' (aɛudiw) d ccama taberkant s-daxl-is, ar tama n [[Alnitak]] (ζ Orionis)

* **Amkuẓ n Pegasus** = ''tafella'' (ssqef)

* **Cassiopaea** = ''ibäradän'' (ilemẓyen) / ''jämaghät'' (agraw)

==Tidyanin==
**Ursa maior** d **Ursa minor** - Ma d ''Talamt d awara-nnet'' ("talɣemt d uberhuc-is"), nnan-as belli talɣemt agi ism-is d [[Fakru]], tella d talɣemt n sidna [[Saliḥ]]. Nɣan-tt yir medden, tuɣal-d d terbaɛt n yetran. Widak tt-yenɣan wwin deɛwessu : beddlen, uɣalen d lḥiwan. Itran n Telɣemt mačči d 7 yetran n "Ursa" kan : rnan-asen daɣen [[Arcturus|Arcturus]], yegan ixf-is (akkenni i tesɛa iri gezzifen iqewwsen, amzun d iri n telɣemt). Tatrit tamecṭuḥt tama-s tella d aḥeddad yettarǧun timezla n telɣemt i wakken ad yeṣneɛ tarikt s weglim-is (talɣemt, bɣan a tt-zlun ilmend n tmeɣra n Kukayoḍ ara izewǧen d yiwet n yessi-s n yiḍ). Aberhuc n telɣemt la itezzi i tagust, yellan d Itri n Ugafa. Wiyaḍ (Duveyrier 1864, as. 424) qqaren belli Itri n Ugafa d taklit yettaṭṭafen deg ucuddu n uberhuc skud i teẓẓegen yemma-s. ''Lenkeshem'' d lamer "eṭṭef!" k<sup>w</sup>ellefen-as. Imi yefta wegraw a tt-nɣen, taklit tetthilliw ammar a tt-ɛeqlen.

**Pleiades** - ''Yessi-s n yiḍ'', tadyant-nsent ar ass-a wer t-nessin ara. Nessen kan belli Kukayoḍ la tent-yettabaɛ imi yebɣa ad yaɣ yiwet deg-sent, maca leɛmer ur tent-yaweḍ ("atabeɛ n Kukayoḍ" d anzi n kel tmaceɣt, qqaren-as i win yewten di rrayeɛ) ; ziɣemma wer nessin anta ara tili d tislit-is. 

**Amanar** - Ma d ''Amanar'', tidyanin nnant belli yella d izem, d amjahed yekkaten uzzal, ḥedd ur as-yezmir. Ziɣ wer nessin ara ayen iga. Yiwet tedyant yesla Barrère yenna-yas Amanar bezzaf yeffelfel armi d yiwen wass iwet yemma-s lqaɛa. Dɣa yewwi daɛwessu s lḥamu d wegris : afus-is ayeffus (''Betelgeuse'' yejjeɣjeɣen), la yettɣimi deg timess idumen, ma d aḍar azelmaḍ (Rigel, tafat-is d tamellalt) dima deg wegris i tella. Tura lǧetta ines ǧǧan-tt yegganen deg igennni ɛeryan yal yiwen yezmer a tt-iwali.

**Aydi ameqqran**, **Awtul** - Ma d ''ifäräkfärakän'', llan kra n ''imɣad'' (yemdanen seg iderman wer d lḥerr) iteddun deg uleclac yeqquren, s lemḥadra ammar a ten-ɛeqlent tiɣzalin (''ihenkaḍ''), maca tiɣzalin slant afedwec-nsen rewlent. Dɣa meṛṛɛen aydi (''eidi'') a tent-yeṭṭef, maca yezwar-asen Umanar iṣegged-itent. Imir-a rran ''imɣad'' s snat izerzeren-nniḍen (''ener'' "izerzer" d ''tenert'' "tizerzert") Amanar wer yezmir ad iwali ɛlaxaṭeṛ llan s deffir-es. Aydi (''eidi'') yettazzal ɣer izerzer, taydit (''teidit'') ɣer tizerzert.

**Tiɣirdemt** - Itran agi, ẓran deg-s Abelkoray, ilemẓi yebɣan ad yak°er ettmer n tezdayt. Amma yettuẓer sɣur tiqcicin la iteddun ar tala ad ag°ment. Abelkoray yusa-d ar amkan agi s uɛudiy-is (''eyes''), yeǧǧ-it s tuffra deg ccama taberkant n **webrid n walim**.

**Amkuẓ n Pegasus*' - ɛlaḥsab n Casajus (as. 58), igenni isenned af 4 yeɛmuden ḥedd ur iwala (s tmaceqq : *tagettewt*, deg 4 tiɣemmaṛ, ugafa-ataram, agafa-agmuḍ, anẓul-ataram, anẓul-agmuḍ). Bac ad amnen yemdanen belli 4 yeɛmuden agi la weǧǧeden, yerra Ṛebbi 4 yetran agi deg igenni i tn-yesmektin : *tafella* (ssqef).

== Idlisen ==
* G. Barrère, "La légende des étoiles", *Le Saharien* 79 (décembre 1981), is. 26-33
* Edmond Bernus & Ehya ag-Sidiyene, "Etoiles et constellations chez les nomades", *Awal* 5 (1989), is. 141-153 [http://www.bondy.ird.fr/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_5/b_fdi_20-21/27329.pdf (dagi yettwaf umagrad s pdf, 1.2 Mo)] 
* [http://gallica.bnf.fr/Catalogue/noticesInd/FRBNF30392171.htm Henri Duveyrier, *Les Touareg du Nord*, Paris, Challamel, 1864]
* Dominique Casajus, *La tente dans la solitude. La société et les morts chez les Touaregs Kel Ferwan*, Paris-Cambridge, 1987 ISBN 0-521-30970-0 d ISBN 2-7351-0190-8
* Jeanne-René Pottier, *Légendes touareg*, Paris, F. Sorlot, 1943
* K.-G. Prasse, Gh. Alojali, Gh. Mohamed, *Dictionnaire touareg-français'', 2 voll., Copenhagen 2003 ISBN 87-7289-844-5