Tabudit

**Tabudit** (Buddhism s teglizit) d asɣan yerna d tafalsafit i d-ilulen di tmurt n Lhend, azal n 2500 n iseggasen aya. Ur tebni ara ɣef liman s yiwen n Yillu am yisɣanen nniḍen, maca tebna ɣef tmuɣli ɣef ugama  n tudert, n leɛtab, d wamek ara yelḥeq umdan ɣer talwit n daxel d usellek.

## Amezruy d Iẓuran
Iẓuran n Tbudit bdan di Lhend, deg lqern wis semmus (neɣ wis seddis) uqbel talalit n Sidna Ɛisa. Win i d-yesnulfan luluf-agi d yiwen wergaz isem-is Siddharta Gotama (Siddhartha Gautama).

Siddharta yella d ageldun, ilul di tirfeht d ulameɣ, meɛna yufa iman-is yeṭṭef-it uɣemlil  d isteqsiyen mi iwala belli imdanen meṛṛa ttaɣen-ten lehlakat, tteɣlayen d imuḍan, ssawḍen ɣer temɣer d lmut.

Yeffeɣ seg uɣrem n baba-s, yeǧǧa akk ttrika-nni, dɣa iṛuḥ ad inadi ɣef wamek ara yefk tagara i unaɛtab n umdan. Mi yesɛedda iseggasen di leqraya deg takrebbut (méditation) qessiḥen, yewweḍ ɣer yiwen westaɛfu n uziɣer d tigzi, i wumi neqqar "Tifawt" neɣ "tukin". Seg yimir-nni i yuɣal yettusemma "Budda" (Buddha), i lmeɛna-s "Win Yukin" neɣ "Win Yefhmen".

## Tudernt n Budda

### Talalit d Tmeẓẓi
Win i wumi neqqar "Budda" (Buddha), isem-is n tidet d **Siddharta Gotama** (Siddhartha Gautama). Ilul di Lumbini (ass-a di tmurt n Nipal), azal n lqern wis semmus neɣ wis seddis uqbel talalit n Sidna Ɛisa.

Baba-s yella d agellid n tmetti n Sakya (Shakya). Siddharta ilul yerna yekker di tnezzagt tameqrant. Yettwaḥrez deg uɣrem n baba-s, ur yeẓri ara d acut lḥif neɣ lehlakat n ddunit. Baba-s yebɣa ad yili d agellid ameqran sdeffir-s, ur yebɣi ara ad iwali ayen n diri di tudert. Siddharta yezweǧ, yesɛa mmi-s, yerna yeččur d ttrika d ulameɣ.

### Tamuɣli ɣef Unaɛtab
Asmi yesɛa 29 n iseggasen di leɛmer-is, Siddharta yebda yettqerriq. Yeffeɣ ɣer beṛṛa n uɣrem-nni i deg yella yettwaḥbes. Di tmezra-s (visites), imugger-d rbeɛa n tmuɣliwin i s-yebeddlen tudert-is:

# **Amɣar:** Yewla yiwen umɣar aɛeẓẓug, d amellal s ccib. D tikkelt tamezwarut i deg yeẓra d acu i d temɣer.
# **Amuḍin:** Yewla yiwen wergaz yeṭṭef-it lehlak d waṭṭan, yettenɛatab s waṭas.
# **Lmegget:** Yewla lmegget, imdanen wwin-t ad t-meḍlen. Yefhem belli lmut d tagara n yal amdan.
# **Azemni:** Dɣa imugger-d yiwen wergaz, d azemni, i yettqelliben ɣef talwit n daxel, ɣas akken ur yesɛi acemma di ddunit.

Timuɣliwin-agi sekcemt-as aɣemlil d useqsi. Yefhem belli alameɣ d tadfi i deg yella la yettidir d awezɣi ad yelli i lebda, yerna unaɛtab, temɣer, d lmut d tidet ur izmir yiwen ad as-yerwel.

### Tuǧǧin tameqqrant
*Siddharta* yegzem-it di tidmi. Yebɣa ad yaf tifrat i unaɛtab-agi n umdan. Yiwen n yiḍ, yeǧǧa aɣrem n baba-s, yeǧǧa tameṭṭut-is, mmi-s, d ttrika meṛṛa, yerna yerwel ad yuɣal d azemni, d amnadi ɣef tideț.

### Tirmit n Usellkek
Iseggasen (azal n seddis) i yesɛedda Siddharta la yettqellib. Yeqqar ɣer yiselmaden imeqranen n tallit-nni, yedda d yizemniyen n tiẓgi. Yebda yesseḥṛam iman-is seg wučči almi yewweḍ ɣer lmut, yettqessiḥ ɣef tfekka-s, iɣil d wagi i d abrid n usellek.

Maca, yufa belli leɛtab ameqran n tfekka ur t-yessawaḍ ara ɣer lefhama, am akken sɛaya tameqrant ur tessawaḍ ara. Yefhem belli abrid n tidet yella "gar-asen" (Abrid Alemmas).

### Tukin
Mi yeɛya seg usceṭṭef, yeṭṭef abrid alemmasan. Yeqqim seddaw n waddag (yiwet n ttejṛa n "Ficus religiosa"), i wumi neqqar ass-a "Addag n Tifawt neɣ n Tukin" , di tama n *Bodh Gaya* (Lhend). Yeggul ur yettembiwil ara seg wansi yeqqim alamma yefhem tideț tamagdezt.

Yeqqim la yesmeɛqel (takrebbut) azal n 49 n wussan. Di tallit-agi, yettɛedday ɣef ussis n wallaɣ ameqran, yennuɣ d yiǧenniwen n daxel-is (am aɣeǧǧaj, tkerkas, d ugur).

Deg yiwen yiḍ, yewweḍ. Tusa-d "Tifawt". Yefhem s telqayt ssebbat n unaɛtab (d aɣeǧǧaj), yefhem d acu i d karma, yefhem azzi n Tanalit (Samsara), yerna yefhem amek ara yelḥeq umdan ɣer usellek (Nirvana).

Seg tasint-nni, Siddharta Gotama yuɣal d "Budda", i lmeɛna-s "Win Yukin", "Win Yefhmen".

### Awal Imezwaru d Usselmed
Mi yewweḍ ɣer Tifawt(Tukin), Budda yebda abrid-is n uselmed (Dharma) i kra n 45 n iseggasen i s-d-yeqqimen di tudert. Awal-is amezwaru yefka-t di Sarnath, i semmus-nni n yizemniyen i yellan yid-s zik. Yesselmed-asen "Kkuẓ n Tidit Tiɣezfanin" d "Ubrid n Ṭam n Tɣawsiwin".

Yesnulfa-d "Sangha" (agraw n yinelmaden, d imṛabḍen) i yeṭṭafaṛen aselmed-is.

### Tagara n Tudert
Budda immut ɣef wazal n 80 n iseggasen di Kuśinagara. S tmuɣli n Tbudit, lmut-is mačči d tagara, maca d "Parinirvâna" (Asellek aneggaru), anda i d-yeffeɣ seg uzzi n Tanalit (Samsara) i dayem, yeḥbes seg yal talɣa n unaɛtab.

## Tafalsafit d Yisental Imeqranen
Tafalsafit n Tbudit tebna ɣef "Kkuẓ n Tidit Tiɣezfanin" 

# **Tideț n Unaɛtab:** Tudert n umdan, seg talalit alamma d lmut, teččur d naɛtab, d leqṛeḥ, d uɣedlilef.
# **Tideț n Tsebba n Unaɛtab:** Ssebba tameqrant n unaɛtab-agi d aɣeǧǧaj d leqdic n umdan ɣef tɣawsiwin n tudert ur nettqum ara, am `tadfi` neɣ `tanezzmart`.
# **Tideț n Tagara n Unaɛtab:** Yezmer umdan ad iḥbes unaɛtab-agi, ad yelḥeq ɣer talwit.
# **Tideț n Ubrid:** Yella "**Ubrid n Ṭam n Tɣawsiwin**"  i yessewḍen ɣer tagara n unaɛtab.

Abrid-agi n Ṭam yessemlil gar tmuɣli tuɣdimt, tidmi tuɣdimt, awal uɣdim, tigawt tuɣdimt, tameɛict tuɣdimt, ussis uɣdim, asmeɛqel uɣdim, d tafrit  tuɣdimt.

## Timiḍranin Nniḍen

* **<big>Karma:</big>** D tamiḍrant i d-yemmalen belli yal tigawt n umdan, ama d `ufrir` neɣ d `awahan` , yesɛa asemdu ɣef tudert-is tamirant neɣ ɣef tlalit-is i d-iteddun.
karma mačči d "tawenza" neɣ "lmektub" am akken i t-ttwalin kra. S tbudit, karma d asaḍuf n timental(ssebba) d inalkamen. Lmeɛna-s d akken yal tigawt, yal awal, neɣ yal tidmi i ixeddem umdan, ama telha (`ufrir`) neɣ tedderɣel (`awahan`), tesɛa inalkamen.

Tigawin yelhan, am tasellawt d leḥnana, ttarant-d inalkamen yelhan, ma d tigawin n diri, am tkerkas neɣ aɣeǧǧaj aqesḥan, ttarant-d inalkamen n naɛtab. karma d nettat i d-yesseḥraken azzi n Tanalit (Samsara).
* **<big>Tanalit (Samsara):</big>** D azzi n tudert d lmut. Tabuddit tɣil belli arfiq, m'ur yewwiḍ ara ɣer "**Nirvana**", ad yettɛawed talalit di ddunit s talɣa  nniḍen, ilmend n karma-nnes.
Tanalit d timiḍrant n uzzi ur neḥbis n tudert, lmut, d uɛawed n tlalit. S tmuɣli n Tbudit, aziɣer neɣ tafrit n umdan ur tfennu ara akk d lmut n tfekka.

Mi yemmut umdan, karma-nni i yessemlil di tudert-is (tigawin-is yelhan neɣ n diri) d nettat ara yeqqnen talɣa n tlalit-is tamaynut. Yezmer ad iɛawed talalit d amdan, d aɣersiw, neɣ di talɣa n tudert nniḍen. Iswi n umdan, dɣa, d asellek seg uzzi-yagi n Tanalit i d-yettawin daymen unaɛtab.
* **<big>Nirvana (Nirvâna):</big>** D **iswi**  aneggaru n Tbudit. Mačči d lǧennet, maca d talɣa n talwit tamagdezt  anda iḥebbes aɣeǧǧaj, iḥebbes unaɛtab, yerna ifakk uzzi n tnalit (Samsara). D talwit n uziɣer ameɣlal.
Nirvana (s tutlayt n Sanskrit lmeɛna-s "yexsi" neɣ "yensa" d iswi aneggaru di Tbudit. Mačči d lǧennet anda yettṛuḥu umdan sdeffir lmut. Nirvana d talwit tamagdezt i yezmer umdan ad yaweḍ meqqar mazal-it yedder.

Yettaweḍ ɣer Nirvana mi ara "yexsi" deg-s aɣeǧǧaj aqseḥan, tikerkas, d wugur n tafrit. D tagara n unaɛtab, tagara n uzzi n Tanalit. D tiweḍḍa ɣer westaɛfu ameqran d tigzi tameɣlalt.

### 4. Timiḍranin n "War-iman" (Anatta) d "War-timezigt" (Anicca)
Tebna Tbudit ɣef snat n tmuɣliwin timeqranin nniḍen:

* **War-timezgit (Anicca - Impermanence):** Timiḍrant-agi tenna-d belli ulac ayen yeddumen, ulac ayen yellan d imezgi di tudert. Kulci itbeddil, ittemhaz yal tasint. Seg yitran armi d tidmi n umdan, kulci d awezɣi ad iqqim akken. Mi ara yefhem umdan timiḍrant-agi, ad yeḥbes ad yeṭṭef di tɣawsiwin, acku yeẓra ad beddlent.
* **War-iman (Anatta - Non-Soi):** D yiwet si tmiḍranin iweɛṛen ad tt-nefhem. Tbudit tenna-d belli ulac "iman" s timmad-is, i yeddumen, i yellan i yiman-is. Ayen i wumi neqqar "nek" neɣ "aziɣer", d agraw kan n tɣawsiwin i yettbeddilen (am tfekka, taḍist, tidmi, tafrit). Dɣa, aɣeǧǧaj n umdan ɣef "iman"-is d win i d-yettawin aṭas n unaɛtab.

Asellek (Nirvana) yezmer ad yili kan mi ara yefhem umdan s telqayt belli kulci d war-imezgi yerna ulac "iman" s timmad-is (Anatta).

## Iɣerbazen

Seg Lhend, Tabuddit tennerna ɣer waṭas n tmura di Asya n Usamer. S tamhazt n lqrun, bḍant-d ɣef waṭas n yiḥricen:

# **Theravada (Abrid n** **aqbur):** Yeṭṭef aṭas deg uselmed n Budda amezwaru, yettili di Tayland, Sri Lanka, Cambodge...
# **Mahayana (Abrid Ameqran):** D aḥric i yennernan di Ccinwa, Yapan (anda i d-yefka Zen), Tubet (Tibet), d Kurya. Yesseɣray belli "Tifawt" neɣ "Tukin", tezmer ad tili i yal amdan.

Ass-a, Tabuddit tettwaḥsab d yiwet si tfilusufiyin d yisɣanen imeɣradanen di ddunit, tefka azal ameqran i talsawt, i timlilɣi, d tkrebbut i wakken ad yelḥeq umdan ɣer tigzi d talwit.