Jozef Stalin

**Juzef Visarionovič Stalin** (s tarusit: Ио́сиф Виссарио́нович Ста́лин, s tajyurjit: იოსებ ბესარიონის ძე სტალინი), illul ass n 18 duǧember 1878 deg tamdint n Gori di Tamnekda tarusit (di Jurjya n tura), yemut ass n 5 meɣres 1953 deg Musku, d argaz uwanek seg imeqqranen asuvyati, d yiwen seg iwudam imdergen n umezruy n lqern wis 20, d akerwa ameqqran maḍi n Tadukli tasuvyitit, d azamul n umennuɣ n ugdud asuvyati mgal Tanaẓit.

Juzef Stalin d yiwen seg yimḍebbren yesɛan tazrirt tameqqrant ɣef umezruy n Teswatut tis 20.

## Timẓi d Ussali ɣer Udabu
Stalin yekcem ɣer tbulčevikt (akabar azduklen) segmi yella d ilemẓi. Yettwaṭṭef, dɣa yettwanfa acḥal d abrid sɣur udabu n Tzar n Rrus.

Mi d-tella Tagrawla n Tuber 1917, Stalin yella d yiwen seg yimḍebbren imezwura rrif n *Vladimir Lenin*. Mi yemmut Lenin di 1924, Stalin yebda yessemɣar **adabu-**ines. Yesseɣli  akk wid i s-yellan d ixṣimen s daxel n ukabar, am *Leon Trotsky*.

### '''Seg Yilemẓi ɣer Tbulčevikt'''
Ioseb Jughashvili (isem-is n tidet) ilul di Jiyurjiya, mačči di Rrus. Yekker-d di twacult d taweɛrant. Deg yilemẓi-s, yekcem ɣer tesdawit n Usɣan akken ad yuɣal d lqes, maca yeǧǧa leqraya-s.

Yewwi-t uɣeǧǧaj n tsertit tagrawlawt. Yekcem ɣer ukabar n Tbulčevikt n *Linin*. Deg yimir-nni, yebda yettwassen s yisem n "Stalin", anamek-is "Argaz n Wuzzal". Yella yettnadi idrimen i ukabar s tkerḍa n lbankat  yerna yettwaṭṭef  u yettwanfa acḥal d tikkal ɣer Sibirya.

### Assali ɣer Udabu
S deffir Tagrawla n 1917, Stalin yuɣal d Amaru Amatu n Ukabar Azduklan di 1922. Win yellan di tmuɣli n medden d amkan n **tdeblant** kan, maca Stalin yessemres-it s **tigzi**.

Yessebedd imdanen i t-iḍemnen di yimukan n **taɣtest**. Mi yemmut Lenin di 1924, yella-d umennuɣ ɣef adabu gar-as d *Leon Trotsky*. Stalin, s usemres n tdeblant**-**is d imsisan-innes, yerbeḥ mgal *Trotsky*. Yenfa-t seg Ukabar, syin seg Tdukli Tasuvyatit, yerna yesseɣli-t(yenɣa-t) di Mexique di 1940.

### Asemguri d Usemazday
Stalin yebɣa ad yerra Tadukli Tasuvyatit d tanezmart tamgurit. Yebda "Iɣawasen n Xemsa n Yiseggasen". Ayagi, s tidet, yesnerna tamguri s tɣawla, maca s uɣmar n udabu deg yall aḥric n tadmsa, anect-a yexleq-d **tazɣent** tameqqrant deg tama niḍen ɣer ifellaḥen imi yettwakkes wakal, anect-a yegla-d ɣef umdya s tazɣent n laẓ ameqqran deg ukranya deg yiseggasen n 20 (ayen yettwassnen s "Holodomor").

D imellyan n yifellaḥen i yugin ad d-fken takerrazt-nsen ttwanɣan neɣ ttwaɛezlen ɣer yigurar n trusi (Gulag).

## Stalin d Amesnabaḍ n Tdukli Tasuvyatit
Seg taggara n yiseggasen n 1920, Stalin yuɣal d netta i d amḍebber amezwaru n Tdukli Tasuvyatit. Yebda yessemras tasertit **taɣrudant** i yebnan ɣef **tazdukla**.

* **Iɣawasen n Xemsa n Yiseggasen:** Yebda **iɣawasen** i wakken ad yesnerni tamguri n tmurt s tɣawla. Ayagi yerra Tadukli Tasuvyatit d yiwet seg **tnezmarin** timeqqranin n umḍal, maca s lqeṛḥ d lexsara tameqqrant n yimdanen.
* **Asizdeg Ameqqran:** Deg yiseggasen n 1930, Stalin yebda "Asizdeg Ameqqran". Imellyunen n yimdanen, gar-asen imḍebbren n ukabar, iserdasen, d yimdanen n uɣref, ttwanɣan neɣ ttwaɛezlen ɣer "yigurar n trusi" (Gulag). Yessers-d tuggdi d **uɣedlilef** di tmurt.

### Ṭṭrad Amaḍlan Wis Sin
Deg 1939, Stalin istenya **agatu** n war-imenɣi d Lalman n *Hitler*. Maca, di 1941, Hitler yexdaɛ agatu-nni akk d Tdukli Tasuvyatit.

Stalin yeḍebber ɣef Tdukli Tasuvyatit deg waddad n ṭṭrad ameqqran. Ɣas akken xesren azal n 27 n melyan n **tiɣtas**, Iserdasen Isuvyatiyen wwḍen almi d Berlin yerna rebḥen Inaziyen di 1945.

### Aseqdec n Tmsulta Tasertant
isem "KGB" (Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti) s yiman-is, ur d-yennulfa ara almi d useggas n 1954, s deffir lmut n Stalin.

Maca, d Stalin i yesbedden **azadur** i ɣef tebna tuddsa n tuggdi d **taɣellit** i yerran Tadukli Tasuvyatit d awanak n tmsulta. Tamsulta tasertant n Stalin tbeddel isem-is acḥal d tikkal, maca tuddsa i yettwassnen akk di tallit-is d **NKVD** (Народный комиссариат внутренних дел, romanized: *Narodnyy komissariat vnutrennikh del*).

Wa amek i tt-yessexdem deg **udabu**-ines:

#### 1. Aseɣli n Yixṣimen
Seg wasmi yeṭṭef Stalin adabu, yebda yessexdem tamsulta n tnetla iwakken ad yesseɣli yal acengu n tsertit.

* **S daxel n Ukabar:** Yessuli "Asizdeg Ameqqran"  deg yiseggasen n 1930. NKVD yeṭṭef, yesseḥbes, yerna yenɣa acḥal d imḍebber n Tbulčevikt imezwura i yettwali dakken ur ḍdimnen ara ɣur-s, am *Zinoviev* d *Kamenev*.
* **S berra n Tdukli:** NKVD yesɛa **iɣalliyen** di ddunit merra. Amedya yettwassnen mliḥ d anɣa n *Leon Trotsky* di Mexique di 1940. D NKVD i d-iheggan tamhelt n tmenɣiwt-nni.

#### 2. Anagraw n Gulag
NKVD ur yelli ara d tamsulta kan, d netta i yeḍebbren ɣef "Gulag". D anagraw ameqqran n yigurar n trusi s **uɣmar** di Sibirya d yimukan nniḍen ibeɛden.

Melyan n yimdanen (ixṣimen n tsertit, imdanen n ddin, neɣ ula d wid i d-yefkan **awennit** ur neɛǧib ara adabu) ttwaɛezlen ɣer yikampun-agi. Ccɣel d lqeṛḥ, laẓ d usemmiḍ nɣan deg-sen melyan.

#### 3. Tuggdi d Uɣmar n Uɣref
Iswi  ameqqran n NKVD d asseɣli n tuggdi di tmetti. Stalin yebɣa yal **aɣarman** ad yettagad adabu.

* **Taɣellit n daxel:** NKVD yesɛa **iɣalliyen** d yimceggimen di yal taddart, di yal axxam, di yal tamguri. Yal yiwen yettagad ad ihdeṛ, yettagad ula d tawacult-is. Awal kan yezmer a k-yawi ɣer Gulag.
* **Asseḍru n Tsertit:** Mi yebɣa Stalin "asemazday" n tkerrazt s uɣmar, ifellaḥen (koulaks) i yugin, d NKVD i ten-yeṭṭfen, i ten-yenɣan, neɣ i ten-yenfan ɣer Sibirya.

#### 4. Taɣellit Taserdasant
S deffir Ṭṭrad Amaḍlan Wis Sin, tamsulta tasertant n Stalin (i yuɣalen MGB, uqbel ad tuɣal KGB) tebda **taɣellit** tameqqrant mgal Timura n Utaram, ladɣa Marikan. Ttnaɣen ad awin **tinetliyin** n yimrigen nniḍen, am lbumba tabelkamit.

S ddaw leɛnaya-s, Stalin yessexdem tamsulta tasertant (NKVD) am d afus-is n wuzzal. Tella d **allal** n udabu-ines amesnabaḍ iwakken ad isseɣli yal amennuɣ, ad yeḍmen aɣmar ameqqran ɣef uɣref, yerna ad yessenger yal yiwen i yettwalin d acengu.

## Taggara n Tudert-is d Lwert
Seg taggara n ṭṭrad, Juzef Stalin yessebded iduba n **tazdukla**  di Turuft n Usammer, ayen yebdan ṭṭrad assemmaḍ mgal Timura n Utaram.

Yemmut di 5 Meɣres 1953.

Stalin yettwaḥsab d yiwen seg yimdanen yesɛan **tazrirt** tameqqrant ɣef umezruy, maca daɣen d yiwen seg yimḍebbren i d-yeǧǧan lmut d lexṣara s imellyan. Kra ttwalin-t d **asaḍ** i yesnernan Tadukli Tasuvyatit yerbeḥen Inaziyen, ma d wiyaḍ ttwalin-t d amesnabaḍ ameqqran i yenɣan aɣref-is.

## Tazmilt