Ayman Alḍawahri

**Ayman Muḥemmed Rabiɛ Alḍawahri** (19 yunyu 1951-31 Yulyu 2022) yella d arebrab amaṣri i wumi tettwakkes talɣent umbeɛd i yxedmen am Lamir(ageldun) wis sin n Lqaɛida seg 

19 yunyu 2011 armi d ass n lmut-is.

Yeffeɣ-d Alḍawahri seg tseddawit n Teqhirt di Maṣer s ugerdas deg tujjya d tseddart ɛlayen deg uclaḥ yernu yella d acellaḥ ameqqran. Yuɣal d yiwen seg yiqerra n lǧihad ineslem amaṣri, yiwet n tuddsa deg Maṣer tessawal ɣer lǧihad d uḥkam s ccariɛa tineslemt, yuweḍ ɣer unbaḍ-ines yeqqel d Lamir-ines. Yekkcem ɣer usekraf seg 1981 ɣer 1984 imi nnan-d yefka afus deg tmenɣiwt n uselway amaṣri aqbur Anwar Sadat. Tigawin-is mghal udabu amaṣri gar-asent asṭerḍeq n temhalt tamaṣrit deg Pakistan rran-t axxam n tyeɣdemt ad yeḥkem fella-s s lmut mebla ma yeḥḍer.

Yella yeqreb mliḥ seg uqerru n Lqaɛida Usama ben Laden, yeṭṭef acḥal n wahilen n terbaɛt-agi-ines. Yettwaḍkleb-d Alḍawahri ɣer Yiwunak yedduklen n Temrikt d tmura yedduklen , imi yexdem ahilen irebraben mgal yiwunak yedduklen deg useggas n 1998 mgal n temhalin timarikaniyin deg Tenzanya d Kenya daɣen deg usṭerdeq n Bali deg useggas n 2002. Yesdukkel tarbaɛt n Lǧihad amaṣri d Lqaɛida deg useggas n 2001 yuɣal d nnayeb unṣib n Usama ben Laden deg 2004. Yeṭṭef adeg n Ben Laden mi akken kan i yemmut deg 2011. Deg mayyu 2011 tger-d Marikan azal n 25 n yimelyan n yiddularen iyal win ara d-yawin isallen ara ten-iɛiwnen deg tuṭṭfa-ines.

Deg 31 yulyu 2022, yerttwanɣa Alḍawahri s tmesriffegt mebla wion i tt-inehren tettabaɛ iserdasen n Marikan, deg tmurt n Afɣanistan.

## Tudert

### Timẓi
Ilul Ayman Ḍawahri deg wass n 10 di yunyu 1951 deg lḥuma n Lmaɛadi deg temdint n Teqhirt deg Maṣer, baba-s d amejjar Rabiɛ Cafɛi Alḍawahri d asezlmad n waṭṭanen n teglimt deg tseddawit n Lqaṣr Lɛini, adeg-agi d anejmuɛ n tzeqqatin n tujjya. Di tallit-nni yella meqqer milḥ yisem n Alḍawahri yernu yesɛa ccan deg Maṣer imi jedd-s n Ayman yella d ccix Muḥemmed Alaḥmadi Alḍawahri : ccix n Lǧameɛ n Lazher seg useggas n 1929 ɣer 1935 ɣer tama n yisemawen n baba-s d leɛmum-is i yellan seg yimejjayen yettwassnen aṭas deg Teqhirt deg tallit-nni, daɣen ulad jeddi-s si yemma-s Umayya Ɛazzam, Ɛabd el Wahhab Ɛezzam d anmahal n Maṣer deg Suɛudiya d yiwen n umedyaz d umyaru yettwassnen aṭas d yiwen seg yimeqqranen i yebnan taseddawit n Ugellid Suɛud deg Suɛudiya, ma d gma-s Ɛebd El Ṛaḥman Ɛazzam yella d aselxway amezzwaru n tdukkli taɛrabt seg wassmi i tefteḥ deg useggas n 1942 deg lqimma n Incaṣ armi d useggas n 1952, ihi tawacult-a yella yisem-is ẓẓay mliḥ ɣef way-a Ayman Alḍawahri ur yesɛi acemmek anagar tuffɣa am leɛmum-is.

### Taẓẓwara n wahilen-is

#### Timesbaniyin ardekal tamenɣiwt n Sayyid Quṭub
Yebda Ayma alḍawahri ulmud-is am tezyiwin-is, armi abeddel amezzwaru deg tudert-is assmi aselway Ǧamal Ɛebdennaṣer yefka lamer iwakken ad nɣen amussnaw ameqqran Sayyid Quṭub ɣer tama n kra n yiqerra n tegmatt n yinselmen deg useggas n 1966, dɣa ffɣent-d tmesbaniyin, dɣa yella Ayman Alḍawahri gar-asen ɣas akken yella mazal ur yessaweḍ ara 15 n yiseggasen deg yila-s, dɣa yekcem ɣ)er usekraf akken iasen teḍra i waṭas n wid id-yeffɣen deg tmesbaniyin xas akken meẓẓi, maca deg kra n wayyuren, texṣer Maṣer imenɣi-ines mgal Israyel deg useggas n 1967, dɣa suffɣen-ten-id seg usekraf mi sen-rrẓen yifadden-nsen seg lexṣara-agi.

#### Timenɣiwt n Anwar Sadat
Yekcem Alḍawahri deg useggas n 1969 ɣer tseddawit n Teqhirt iwakken ad yelmed tujjya dinna, yeɣra deg uclaḥ n wallen yeffeɣ-d s ugerdas-is deg tussna-agi deg useggas n 1974, netta deg useggas send tuffɣa-ines seg tseddawit deg talwit n Tuber 1973 tlul-d terbaɛt n Lǧihad ineslem amaṣri iban-d umbeɛd belli Ḍawahri yella yelteɣ deg-s seg wass-ines amezzwaru maca ulac win i s-ifaqen. Yerna ikemmel ulmud-ines deg tussna n ucelleḥ armi d-yuwi amajistir-ines deg useggas n 1978, aseggas aredekal unag n Sadat ɣer Israyel mi ten-id-yeẓra deg Uṛacalim yernu iwala lekniset. Kraḍ n yisefggasen umbeɛd yettwanɣa Sadat deg 06 tuber 1981, dɣa bdan yiserdasen d yimsulta tuṭṭfa d usteqsi d unadi ɣef wid i ytekkan deg tmenɣiwt n Sadat, armi d iɣallen n laman imaṣriyen ufan-d belli Ayman alḍawahri yella yefka ula d netta afus, yernu yella d yiwen seg yiqerra imeqqranen d yiheyyayen n terbaɛtr n lǧihad ineslem, dɣa uwin-t ɣer usekraf, yemmeslay-d sdat n yiɣmisen n umaḍal seg usekraf-is ɣef yimeḥbas yettwaḥeqqren s daxel n yisekrafen imaṣriyen s tutlayt tanglizit i wakken ad gzun akk d acu i yebɣa ad yini. Di taggara sbeyynen-d yinadiyen belli Ayman alḍawahri texḍa-t temsalt ur yesɛi ara afus deg tmenɣiwt n Sadat maca axxam n teɣdemt ɣas akken ur yeḥkim ara fella-s ugin ad t-id suffɣen seg usekraf imi gren-d fella-s tisɛin n leslaḥ mebla ma ɛemmden-as dɣa yeqqim kraḍ n yiseggasen nniḍen deg usekraf ideg yella yenḥaf aṭas seg tmuḥqranit d uɛeddeb i yellan deg yisekrafen imaṣriyen armi d 1985.

### Unag ɣer Suɛudiya d lǧihad deg Afɣanistan
Mi d-yeffeɣ seg usekraf deg useggas n 1985, yunag Ḍawahri seg Maṣer ɣer Suɛudiya iwakken ad yexdemù d amejjay deg kra n yisegnafen-is, deg tallit agi n yiseggasen n 1980 taddukli tasubyitit teẓdem ɣef Afɣanistan, dɣa iwunak yedduklen n Temrikt i yellan d iɛdawen-nsen ɛawnen yal win ara irefden leslaḥ mgal yisubyitiyen, ɣef wannecta tefka iddrimen d leslaḥ i yimǧuhad i yettnaɣen s yisem n wajjed n tneslemt, ula d idabuyen iɛraben llan ddan yid-sen, di Maṣer llan ǧǧamaɛen-d ṣadaqat i wakken ad ten-fken i yimǧuhad i yettnaɣen deg Afɣanistan, llan xeddmen-asen timliliyin d tmeɣriwin i wakken ad ten ɛiwnen ula d tuddsiwin n waffug n Suɛudiya ṣubbent-d s wazal n 70% i yal tamsrafegt ara yaffgen seg Suɛudiya ɣer Pakistan syin ɣer Afɣanistan, yernu amu ameqqran i s-way-s kkaten irusiyen yella d amarikan neɣ d Marikan i t-ixellṣen. Deg tallit-agi ihi yunag bḌawahri seg Suɛudiya ɣer Pakisrtan, syin ɣer Afɣanistan dɣa yessnullfa-d tarbeɛt i yiman-is, itekka deg waṭas n tneglufin yid-sen. Imiren i yessen Usama ben Laden mmi-s n twacult tanesbaɣurt deg Suɛudiya, imiren mazal ur d-lul ara Lqaɛida maca iɛeyyalen-is akk myussanen.

### Lqaɛida

Deg useggas n 1989 teffeɣ teddukli tasubyitit seg Afɣanistan imi xessren ṭṭrad-nsen, Marikan tessawel i yimǧuhad iberraniyen i yennuɣen dinna iwakken ad ffɣen maca nutni ugin ad uɣalen imi ɣur-sen d nutni id-iḥellan tamurt tuɣal d ayla-nsen, Marikan tuɣal-asen d taɛdawt. Ḍawahri yella seg yimezzwaura i yugin tuɣaltin ɣer tmura-nsen imi yella d aqerru wis-sin n Lqaɛida ardekal Usama Ben Laden, yernu d netta iyellan ixeddem ahilen akk ara ten-isḥerrken 

Yebda s usterḍeq n yigadiren n Lxubaṛ ideg llan ttidiren yimarikaniyen deg Suɛudiya deg 25 yunyu 1996 ideg mmuten 19 n yimarikaniyen jerḥen 386 nniḍen, syin asterḍeq n temhalin n Marikan deg Dar essalam deg Tanzanya d Neyrubi di Kenya ɣef tikelt deg wass n 7 ɣuct 1998 ideg mmuten 224 n yimdanen d yigiman n wid i yjerḥen d uhuddu n temhalin wagi d ahil amezzwaru ara d-yilin seg usdukkel amezzwaru n snat n trebbaɛ tin n Lqaɛida d tin n Lǧihad amaṣri akken ad tuɣal d tarbaɛt n Lqaɛida n Lǧihad iwakken ad yernu ad iban wudeml n Ḍawahri akter yernu ad ttwaḥessbent snat n trebbaɛ agi d tirebbaɛ tirebrabin ardekal n wahilen n Lqaɛida mgal Marikan d Lǧihad mgal Maṣer deg yiseggasen n 90 ideg ruḥen deg-sent yigiman deg-s yettwaḥkem ɣef Ḍawahri s lmut. 

Lqaɛida tebda tettimɣur akter deg tazzwara n 200 imi uɣalen seg tiyita n yiswiyen imeẓẓyanen ɣer yiwiyen ideg ttidiren yiserdasen, ɣef waya sterḍeqen taflukt n Kull deg 12 tuber 2000 ideg mmuten 178 n yiserdasen n lebḥer imarikaniyen d ugar n twines n wid i yjerḥen, di taggara uɣalen uwḍen armi d tiowḍin ɣer wul n Marikal d tiyiota-nsen s daxel n tmurt-nsen s usṭerḍaq n yigadiren akniwens tmesrafgin deg New York d tiwḍin n tmanaɣt Washington daɣen deg 11 ctumber 2001 ideg mmuten 2977 n yimdanen d yigiman i ijerḥen d uhuddu n yigadiren d ayenyerran Marikan ad err D+awahri d Lqaɛida d yal aserdas i yellan deg-s i wakken ad ten-t-ṭṭef neɣ ad ten-t-neɣ.

### Ardekal lmut n Usama Ben Laden
Deg 2 mayyu 2011, tuwet Marikan axxam ideg yella yettidir Usama Ben Laden deg Pakistan di tallit n uselway Barak Ubama, ayyur umbeɛd Yuɣal Ayman Ḍawahri d netta itt-yeṭṭfen yernu yuɣal d lamir-ines, ɣef wannecta yeqqel d netta i d amezzwaru iɣef tettnadi Marikan 

## lmut

11 n yiseggasen Marikan tettnadi ɣef Ayman Ḍawahri iwakken ad t-neɣ ur lḥiqen ara armi d-yeffeɣ uselway n Marikan s timmad-is akken ad yini belli yenɣa Ayman Ḍawahri s udṛun (timesraffegt mebla win tt-inehhren) deg ubalkun n uxxam-is deg tmanaɣt n Afɣanistan Kabul