Tubiret

**Tubiret** neɣ Tuviret (s tifinaɣ: ⵜⵓⴱⵉⵔⴻⵜ s tefrensist : Bouira) d tamdint i d-yezgan deg unẓul-amalu n tmurt n yiqbayliyen, d nettat i d tamanaɣt n temnaḍt n Tubiret.

## '''Amezruy'''
Amezruy n Tubiret yezga d aḥric seg umezruy n tmurt n Leqvayel; ama d tamdint-a, ama d tamnaḍt-is, sɛan amezruy igerrzen.

## '''Tallit n Numidya'''
Aṭas n lweqt uqbel ma ssersen yiduba isṭerdanen aḍar-nsen deg Tefriqt n Ugafa, Tubiret tella d aḥric seg Tgelda tamaziɣt n Numidya. Aɣref amaziɣ n temnaḍt-a yebna-d yiwet n tmetti i d-yennulfan ɣef tnezzut, s tfellaḥt, d tuqqna lqayen ɣer wakal. Tamenɣiwt-nsen mgal n tḥemla n tmura tiberraniyin - di tazwara d Iṛumaniyen, syin d Waɛraben - tkemmel ass-a am yiwen seg umedya n yimukan n yimezdaɣen inselmen imaḍlanen i yettnaɣen ɣef usnerni d yizerfan.

## '''Tallit n Rruman'''
Llan kra n tɣawsiwin timecṭuḥin seg tallit n Ṛuman, maca ayagi ur d-yettbeggin ara belli tella yiwet n tɣiwant n Ṛuman iǧehden.

Deg lqern amezwaru uqbel talalit n Lmasiḥ, Iṛumyen bnan tamdint n Auzia d amkan aserdasi yesɛan azal. Sakkin, tettwaḥseb d tahrest, imi aṭas n yimezdaɣ i yellan deg-s, yerna tesɛa aṭas n assaɣen ɣer temnaḍin n Cesaria (Cherchell) d Timgad. Iṛumaniyen rnan-d tilin n yiɣallen-nsen di temnaḍt-nni merra i wakken ad d-nnaɣen i yiɣallen n Imaziɣen n Takfarinas, Frawcen *(s tefransist Faraxen)* deg useggas *n* 260, d Firmus deg useggas n 370.

## '''Talilit n Ivandalen d tin n Ibizanṭiyen'''
Cwiṭ kan ay d-yeqqimen seg talliyin Ivandalen d tin n Ibizanṭiyen deg temnaḍt-a; ahat yessefk ad d-yili ugar n unadi akken ad nesɛu tamuɣli s lekmal-is ɣef tegnatin i d-yeḍran dagi deg talliyin-nni.

*Ẓer daɣen [[Tamurt n Leqbayel|Tamurt n Leqvayel]]*

## '''Listɛmar Aɛrab'''

Listɛmar aɛṛab yesɛa azal meqqren ɣef wakk tamurt n Leqbayel yerna Tubiret ur telli d lxilaf. D ayen i d-yeǧǧan abeddel n tmagit i mazal yettwaḥulfu ass-a deg temnaḍt meṛṛa.

*Ẓer daɣen [[Tamurt n Leqbayel|Tamurt n Leqvayel]]*

## '''Listɛmar aṭerki'''

Deg tazwara n lqern wis 17, Iṭerkiyen bnan-d yiwen n lberǧ aserdasi ɣer tama n yiwen waɣbalu n waman akken ad ḥerzen tamiwin i d-yezzin fell-as d webrid i d-yettawin ɣer Qsenṭina.

## '''Tallit n ussehres afransis'''
Dɣa deg wemkan n yiwen n lberǧ aṭerki, umi semman lberǧ Ḥamza, i d-snulfan lsas n lberǧ n Tubiret deg 1873 sɣur ajiniṛal amajuṛ Wolff d ukulunil Trumelet. Amḍiq-a yuɣal d taɣiwant yettwaḥerzen, sakkin d taɣiwant i ixeddmen s lekmal-is deg wass n 9 yebrir 1879.

## '''Deffir n tmunent n Lezzayer: amennuɣ ɣef timagit'''
**Taɛṛabt mgal tanekra taqvbaylit**

Seld tmunent n Lezzayer, anabaḍ n Lezzayer yeḍfer tasertit n usɛerreb, yeḥbes tutlayt d yidles n imaziɣen s umata d wid n Leqvayel ladɣa. Tubiret, s tmagit-nnes tamaziɣt iǧehden, tuɣal d amḍiq ameqran n umennuɣ. Tiɣriwin n Tafsut n Yimaziɣen n 1980 d Tafsut Taberkant n 2001 sεant tyita meqqren dagi. Ma nruḥ ɣer zdat ɣer 2025, ad nẓer imenɣiyen idelsanen am wi deg yimukan am Katalunya neɣ Kurdistan, anda i ttnaɣen yiɣerfan imecṭuḥen ɣef yizerfan n tutlayt d izerfan isertanen.

## '''Tajuɣrafit'''

### Amkan
Tubiret tezga-d azal n 40 km ɣer wenẓul-utrim n temdint Tizi Wezzu d 114 km ɣer wenẓul-utrim n Vgayet, tezga-d daɣen ɣer wenẓul n udrar n Ǧerǧer deg tmurt n Leqbayel. Deg teɣzi n 525 n lmitrat, tesɛa leɛnaya n tqacuct n wedrar n Tikjda deg ugafa.

### Tmuɣliwin n  wakal
Imḍiqan yellan deg yiwen n uswir n 3 n yikilumitren n Tubiret sseknen-d cwiṭ n yibeddilen deg teɣzi, s umgired ameqran n 149 n lmitrat d teɣzi talemmast d 539 n lmitrat ɣef umḍiq n lebḥer. Ala deg yiwen n uswir n 16 n yikilumitren aydeg ara yaf yiwen ibeddalen n tɣerɣert ibanen (1894 n lmitrat).

## '''Imezdaɣ'''

#### Asnerni n yimezdaɣ
Imezdaɣ n Tubiret nnernan s tɣawla deg umḍan: seg 18,200 n yimezdaɣ deg 1954 d 16,600 deg 1996 ar 36,500 deg 1987, 52,500 deg 1998 d usekkil deg uṭṭun n 1998 ar 75,086 n yimezdaɣ. Deg-s yella yiwen n uɣerbaz ameqran, tasdawit Mohand Oulhadj.

## '''Tadamsa'''

Tiɣawsiwin n tdamsa-s ttekkan s umata ɣef useqdec n uzemmur, imendi, d tẓurin. Imsenza, ixeddamen n ufus,​ d wid i d-yettaken leqdic n yal ṣṣenf sbedden iman-nsen deg temdint-a.

Tubiret d tikent akked temdint tafransist n Roubaix.

## '''Igemmamen'''

*Dreɛ Lexmis
*Tajnant

## '''Iɣbula'''