open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Asqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa

**Asqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa** ( s tfransit: le haut commissariat à l'amazighité ) d timrslt takadimit tunṣibt nna iswurin g yigr n tdelsa tamaziɣt deg tmurt n lezzayer; ittuskr ass n 27 mayyu 1995. d timrslt tunṣibt tamzwarut yusin anzgum n tmaziɣt. teṭṭfat i uslway n dzayr nna tt isskrn dffir asalag n uqrab, tfransist ( la grève du cartable),  nna gan inlmadn iqbayliyn. aslway nns amzwaru d muḥḥnd u yidir ayt ɛmṛan sg 1995 ar 2004. dɣi illa ɣifs yusf miraḥi.

illa g tmaẓunt n dzayer. tawuri nnes assider n tutlayt, tamagit, taɣrma tamaziɣt. D netta i iṭṭfurn asslmd n tutlayt tamaziɣt di lezzayer. da issufuɣ awd kra n idlisn ɣef tmaziɣt d idels amaziɣ s umata.
Akeffadu

**Akeffadu** d tamdint deg twilayat n bgayet.

## Tudrin (Tuddar)
*At ɛelwan
*At ɛmara
*At Sɛada
*Awrir
*Ferḥun
*Ilmaten
*Imeɣdasen
*Mezwara
*Rezzag
*Tagruja
*Tappunt
*Tawrirt
*Tizemmurin
*Tiniri
*Xlil
*Ziwi
## Tamselyut
- commune d'Akfadu (vitaminedz)

## Muqel Daɣen
* Assenger n teẓgi n Ukeffadu
* Tiɣiwanin n twilayt n Bgayet
* Tiɣiwanin n twilayt n Tizi Uzzu
Anagraw n yisem

**Anagraw n yisem**

Amgared gar yisem d umyag deg sin n yiswiren : talɣiwin d twuri

Timesɣariwin tigensanin:  
* Tawsit : Amalay / Unti 
* Amḍan: Asuf / Asget 
* Addad: Addad ilelli /  Addad amaruz 
**Tamesɣaṛa n tuzzuft: amalay / unti**

**Tawsit**, deg tjerrumt, d asmil (‘‘catégorie’’) yersen ɣef umgired n tuzzuft. Da tawsit d n ugama, i nettaf tikwal kan deg tutlayin tigamanin*: axxam*~*taxxamt*, *izi* ~ *tizit*, *uzzal* ~ *tuzzalt*  ur yelli ara d tanmegla n tuzzuft. Da tawsit, d talɣa kan, ur telli deg unamek. Deg tefṛansist, taṭelyanit, taspanit, taɛrabt, llant snat tewsatin n talɣa : amalay d wunti. Deg talmant, tarusit, llan tkradet (tlata) n tewsatin : amalay, unti, arawsan. Deg tesnilest, deg tefransist d amedya, s umata tawsit ur telli d awalec (awal n tjerrumt : ‘‘monème’’), axaṭer ur d-ittekk seg ufran deg tmeslayt. Ma yella yisem kan, tedda-d yid-s tewsit-is : ur yezmir yiwen ad d-yini *poire* war ma yenna-t-id deg wunti, ur yezmir ad as-d-yefren amalay. Tawsit akked tuzzuft mgaradent : *cuisinier* ~ *cuisinière* deg-s tanmegla n tewsit, deg-s tanmegla n umawal.

__INDEX__
Qasiṭa

**Qasiṭa** d tamdint g arrif n At Tuzin deg-s 2,126 n yimzedaɣ. Qasiṭa isem-ines yusa-d seg taspanyulit (Taddart tameẓyant). 

Tuddar n Qasiṭa:
*Izra n ǧakda 
*Talamɣayt 
*Tazimi 
*Bwerma 
*Taɣzut n tasa 
*Ait addur 
*Iddarazen .

## imsdhwar
Arjagnu

**Arjagnu** neɣ **Aqlilu** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Centaurea**) d tawsit n yimɣan isaɣuren yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tetrawt. Tawsit-a tga d yiwet gar tewsitin yettwassnen yakk deg twacult-is.

Arjagnu neɣ Aqlilu d tawsit yudsen neɣ i -dyettilin i tɣeddiwt.

## Aglam

## Umuɣ n telmas
* Tasemmumt — (*Centaurea pullata*.
* Azemmun — (*Centaurea diluta*).
* Tafra — (*Centaurea pubescens*).
* Ittim — (*Centaurea melitensis*).
* Arjaknu — (*Centaurea acaulis*).
* Uzag — (*Centaurea pullata*).
* Tafrat — (*Centaurea seridis*).

## Tiwlafin n telmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit:  Blackstonia perfoliata ou Centaurium pulchellum
*Isem-is s tefransist: Centaurée jaune ou Petite Centaurée délicate
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Wamlal

**Wamlal** neɣ **Samlal** neɣ **Wazduz** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Glebionis**) d tawsit n imɣan isaɣuren yeṭṭafaren tawacult n titrit. Asismel n tewsit-a yesnulfa-t-id umusnaw n yimɣan Afṛensaw Henri Cassini deg useggas n 1826.

## Tasensartut

## Tilmas yettwaddgen (yettuqeblen)
Tilmas yettwaddgen deg tewsit n wamlal alammi d yunyu 2012 gant d: 
* Wamlal awraɣ (*Glebionis segetum*) 
* Wamlal imisni

## Tiwlafin n telmas

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Timerẓuga

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Cichorium Intybus
*Isem-is s tefransist: Chicorée sauvage
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Tiffaf
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Aɣeddu n weɣyul

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Cirsium arvense
*Isem-is s tefransist: Chardon des champs
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit:
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Rezayna

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Coleostephus myconis 
*Isem-is s tefransist: Chrysanthème de mykonos 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Wazedduz
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Leṣnaf nniḍen
* 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Tamǧeradin

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Clematis cirrhosa ou Clematis flamula
*Isem-is s tefransist: Clématite à vrille ou Clématite brûlante
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Tuẓẓimt, Azanzu
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Idurar n Ṛuky

**Idurar n Ṛuki** (S Teglizit: *Rocky Mountains*, S Tespanyult: *Montañas de rocosas*) d azrar n idurar id yezgan deg utaram n umenẓaw n Marikan n ugafa yumẓen ɣef tjumma n 4,8000 km² seg tamiwin tigafayin n ugezdu n Britc kulumbya n kanada ar agezdu n Meksiku tamaynut deg wenẓul utrim n Marikan, Taqacuct n albirt teflal nnig n 4,399 m. d tiwinakin nnag llan idurar ad twasmma s idurar n udrar, Yella deg idurar n ruki aɣbalu n 14 n isaffen deg-s wasif n kuluradu d misuri.

## Tarakalt

## Anagraw n twennaṭ

## Tadamsa

## Isragen-is

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Mass-nsen

## Agzul
**Mass-nsen** neɣ **Masnsen** (s tira n Tmaziɣt taqbuṛt: MSNSN     ) d agellid Amaziɣ Anumid n tmurt n Yinumiden (Numidya) i d-yezgan deg wul n Tefriqt n Ugafa deg yimir n tmiḍi tis kraḍet send talallit n Ɛisa. 

Mass-nsen ilul deg useggas n 238 S.Ɛ. deg tgelda n Yimasiniyen. Yesdukkel tamurt Tanumidt n Tefriqt n Ugafa i tikkelt tamenzut deg umezruy. Yettwassen Mass-nsen s "yinzi-ines" aɣerfan i d-yeqqaṛen: ***"Tafriqt i Yifriqen".***

Yemmut Mass-nsen deg useggas n 148 S.Ɛ. Yesker-as uɣref-is yiwen usemḍel d uẓekka ameqqṛan deg temnaḍt n Sirṭa, Qsenṭina n wass-a.

## Isallen igejdanen ɣef urgaz-a

**Tamurt** **: Tanumidt ( [[Numidya]] - [[Tafriqt ugafa]] )** 

'''Tamanaɣt''' **: [[Sirta|Sirṭa]] (Cirta) (Qsenṭina)**

**Imezdaɣ** **: [[Imaziɣen]], Inumiden, timettiyin timaziɣin-nniḍen.** 

'''Tutlayt''' **: [[Tamaziɣt]] taqbuṛt, Timaziɣin-nniḍen, [[Talatint|Talatinit]], Tagrigit.**

## Umuɣ n yidlisen d yiɣbula n umagrad-a
Azanzu

**Azanzu** (Isem ussnan: **Clematis**) d yiwet n tewsit n yimɣan isaɣuren imezgiyen yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tzeɣlilin. Tawsit-a tegber seg wazal n 300 n telmas, akken illant deg-s wazal n 40 n tuẓunin i d-ittaken ijeǧǧigen. 

## Tilmas tigejdanin
* Tamǧeradin – (*Clematis cirrhosa*).
* Clematis flammula – (*Tuẓẓimt*).

## Taskant tadelsant

## Ijeǧǧigen

## Ẓeṛ daɣen

## Tiwelhiwin
Vk

**VK** d azeṭṭa ametti (réseau social) arusi am Facebook, iswi n VK d asddukel n yimdanen, imeẓla akked tkebbaniyin ticki snulfuyen-d ifecka fessusen neɣ ilaqen n teywalt. 
Ammasen igejdanen n tkebbanit n VK zgan-d deg uxxam Zinger, tamdint tamazrayt deg Saint-Pétersbourg. Llant daɣen tnariyin deg Musku akked Kyiv.

## Iɣbula
Gryfice

**Gryfice** d taddart deg wanẓul-agmuḍ n Lapologne. 16.872 n yemdanen zeddɣen deg-s (aseggas n 2016).
Asesfer awurman n tutlayt

Asesfer awurman n tmeslayt tagamant neɣ n tutlayt tagamant (Asewzel: SWTG) neɣ n tutlayin (Asewzel: EWT) d taqult yellant di talast gar tesnilest, tasenselkimt akked d tigzi tuẓrift, icudden ar usnes n wahilen d titiknikin tisenselkamin ar timeẓriyin meṛṛa n tmeslayin timdanin.
Messasat

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Alisma plantago-aquatica
*Isem-is s tefransist: Plantain d'eau
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit:
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Massasat
Bucuf

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Tripodion tetraphyllum
*Isem-is s tefransist: Anthyllide à quatre feuilles
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Smattal

**Tara n wakraren** neɣ **Tara n yiwtal** neɣ **Tanesfalt** neɣ **Tanecfalt** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Convolvulus althaeoides**) d yiwet n telmest n yimɣan yeṭṭafaren tawsit n tanecfalt deg twacult n tnecfalin.

## Aglam
Imɣi-ayi iga d amrarad neɣ d amcubbkan, iferran-is mmugen d ijajuren, ini-nsen d azwawaɣ.
 
## Tiwlafin

## Asemres

## Ẓeṛ daɣen

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Convolvulus althaeoides, Convolvulus
*Isem-is s tefransist: Liseron fausse-guimauve, Liserons
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Tara n yewtal, tara n wakraren
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Merz buqal

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Calystegia sepium
*Isem-is s tefransist: Liseron des haies
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Ezzenṭar
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Amezzuɣ n yilef

*Isem-is s latinit: Pulicaria odora
*Isem-is s tefransist: Inule odorante
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: mejji n yilef
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 
## Leṣnaf nniḍen
* 

## Isseqdac
Lagwanc

**Lagwanc** d urar n lkarṭa. 2 ad qablen 2.

## Alugen

Llant 32 lkarṭat bḍan af 4 n li couleurs : 

* *Coeur* : seg trumit *Coeur* anamek ines s teqbaylit ul,
* Karo : seg trumit *Carreau* anamek ines s teqbaylit amrebɛi, 
* Tréfl : seg trumit *trefle* anamek ines s teqbaylit ikeffis, , 
* Pik : seg trumit *Pique* anamek ines s teqbaylit tameqruṭ
 
Mkull couleur tesɛa 8 lkarṭat : 

* Llaẓ : seg trumit *As*, Yiwen
* Rrwa : seg trumit *Roi*, agellid
* Ddam : seg trumit *Dame*, tagellit
* Lvali : seg trumit *Vallet*, 
* 7,8,9 d 10.

Azal n mkull lkarṭa yettbeddil ɛla ḥsab n l'atout i ttwaxtaren deffir *leɣna*, 

Atu : Lvali (20), 9 (14), Llaẓ (11), 10 (10), Rrwa (4), Ddam (3), 8 (0), 7 (0)

Mâci *latu* : Llaẓ (11), 10 (10), Rrwa (4), Ddam (3), Lvali (2), 9 (0), 8 (0), 7 (0)

Di mkull lleɛb, tella yiwet n la couleur atu akk d 3 mači atu, azal lǧemɛ nsen 152 n tneqqiṭin, ma d-nernu *dix-de-der* ad yuɣal 162 n tneqqiṭin.

## Leɣna

Kull yiwen ad yini acḥal tneqqiṭin ad yerbeḥ, azal n tneqqiṭin minimum swacu ad yebdu 80, ma yella win deffir-s yefka-d azal ketr-is, wid d-i-ttabaɛen ilaq ad fkan kter nsen.

Aneggaru nsen ilaq ad yawi azal nni i d-yefka tazwara mulac ad yexṣer.

## Amedya

llan 4 n imyuraren : Akli akk d Muḥend ad qablen Ameqqran akk d Azwaw.

Amezwaru ad ileɛben d Akli, wis sin d Ameqqran, wis tlata Muḥend, aneggaaru d azwaw.  

* Akli yefka-d : 80 ♣
* Ameqqran yefka-d : 90 ♥
* Muḥend ad iɛeddi bla ma yefka-d tineqqiṭin.
* Azwaw ad yefk : 120 ♥

Umbeɛd ula d yiwen ur d-irennu. Taswiḥt nni, tarbaɛt n ameqqran akk d azwaw ilaq ad rebḥen lqima i d-fkan (120), u  latu ad yili d ♥.

Ma yella tarbaɛt n Ameqqran d azwaw rebḥen azal nni i d-fkan neɣ kter ad awin azal nni i-d-rebḥen + azal nni i d-fkan tazwara.
Ma xeṣren, tarbaɛt n Akli d Muḥend ad rebḥen azal nni i d fka tarbaɛt Ameqqran d azwaw (120) akk d 160 = (azal lǧemɛ n akk lkarṭat).

Tirbuyaɛ ad rnunt ad urarent alemmi terbeḥ yiwet 3000 tineqqiṭin.
Aɣyul

**Aɣyul** d yiwen n uɣeṛsiw asuṭṭaḍ seg tewsit n uyis yeṭṭafaren twacult n  igmariyen.

Aɣyul d aɣersiw imkiri (yetturba deg wexxam), Maca tella telmest yettidiren deg wezɣar, Deg iɣezrawen d tniriwin n Asya d Tefriqt dɣa talmest-a d imisred.

=Amawal=
*Awtem: Aɣyul.
*Tawtemt: Taɣyult.
*Asget amalay: Iɣyal.
*Asget unti: Tiɣyal.
*Aɣyul ameẓyan: Ajḥiḥ.

## Tidu-telmas yettwasnen n yiɣyal
Aṭas n TELMAS tisnalaɣanin (caractéristiques morphologiques) am uqaṛṛu, tamgeṛt akked iḍarren s yis-nt nezmer ad nẓeṛ tiwsatin yellan.

* Aɣyul amagnu: d aɣyul aqeddac i d-yekkan seg uɣyul azagir n Tefriqt, ass-a yettidir akk deg yimenẓawen yellan.
* Aɣyul azagir n Tefriqt: yettidir deg usamar, ladɣa deg tmurt n Ṣumal.
* Aɣyul azagir n Asya: yettidir deg Asya talemmast. Ccetla-agi deg-s i d-yedda uɣyul yettidiren deg tmurt n Lhend.
* Aɣyul azagir n Tibet neɣ Kiang: yettidir deg yidurar Himalaya.
* Aɣyul n Turuft, yettidir deg tmura n Turuft (Uṛup) n unẓul, yettidir daɣen deg tmura n ugmuḍ alemmas.
Iɣyal izagiren ass-agi ttwagzen s ngar, kra deg-sen ttwasigzen deg wumuɣ azeggaɣ n Tddukli Tagraɣlant n Useḥbiber ɣef Ugama (UICN : Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature).


Ane cotentin 101.jpg|Aɣyul amagnu
African wild Ass.jpg|Aɣyul azagir n Tefriqt
Kulan.jpg|Aɣyul azagir n Asya
Kiang východní.jpg|Kiang|Aɣyul azagir n Tibet
Equus hydruntinus.JPG|Aɣyul n Turuft


=Tizmilin d temselɣa=

## Taɣbalut
* 

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Ass n ugerrum Valentin

**Ass n ugerrum Valentin** neɣ **Ass n tayri** d asfugel akrityan sfuggulen-t deg wass n 14 fuṛaṛ s unect (ɛla ḥsab) tmezdayt tutrimt neɣ deg wass n 6 yulyu s unect n tmezdayt tasemrant, anda sfuggulen s usmekti n ugerrum Valentin yakk d tayri d twernant, anda irmerriyen ssenfaliyen-d s tayri yellan gar-asen s tuzna n tebratin neɣ n ijeǧǧigen.

=Tafaska n Mass Valentin =

"Di tazwara n wesɣan akrityan, dɣa ur-id (werɛad) ur uɣalent tmura n Uruppa d tikritiyin yakk, Amenkad Claudius II ur nra ara (ur nḥemmel ara) ikritiyen rnu yebɣa ad yegdel arcal i wakken akken ad ugten yirgazen ara yettekkin deg yimsenɣiyen, yesla s wayen ixeddem ugerrum Valentin imi ireccel (yessezwaǧ) ikritiyen. Dɣa yefka-d aɣtas ad tegren ɣer weɣzu (lḥebs).
Deg weɣzu, Valentin yugi ad as-yanez i Umenkad Claudius II. Dinna yemlal d yelli-s n umagaẓ (uɛessas) n weɣz «Julia» i d-ilulen d taderɣalt. Seg wass mi i yekcem ɣer weɣzu, Valentin d Julia uɣalen d imddukal n wul d tasa. Netta igellem-as-d amaḍal d tudert amek i han, imi nettat ur tsekked ara, ma nettat tettawi-yas-id učči ɣer weɣzu. Akken armi d yiwen n yiḍ. Iḍ-nni teḍra-d temkerra: Qqaren-d Valentin iwala tafat d tazeggaɣt am yilizeq seg ṭṭaq n weɣzu, ma d Julya yuɣalen tettwali, tessuɣ: " Dayen, tura ttwaliɣ ! Ttwaliɣ amaḍal akken i yi-t-id tgellmeḍ!!".

"Ihi taluft tewweḍ s ameẓẓuɣ n Umenkad umi ur yugeẓ ara waya (ur yeɛǧib ara lḥal). Imir-nni ya yefka-d aɣtas ad t-nɣen. Ass-nni aneggaru n tudert-is, send macad t-nɣan isebdaden iṛumanen, sgezwen agerbuz-is (Valentin) s tiyitiwin, taggara gezmen-as aqeṛṛu-ines deg ubrid n Flaminia, deg wass n 14 fuṛaṛ 269.

"Seg wass-nni, tuɣal twacult n Julya d takritit akken ad refden ixf n Valentin deg tmulla. Qqaren-d diɣen teẓẓa Julya aseklu n isiɣid ɣer tama n uẓekka n Valentin. Seg yimir. tuɣal useklu yisiɣid d azamul n tayri.

## Ansayen n usfugel

## Ass n tayri deg kra n tmura

## Amgarad amasɣan

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Snitra

Snitra (s tfinaɣ ⵙⵏⵉⵜⵔⴰ) .D allal n uẓawan i yesɛan inzizen i nekkat s yiḍuḍan neɣ s yiwet n tɣawsa tamecṭuḥt i yettwaxedmen s leblastik iwumi qqaren (Rica) .
Snitra tesɛa kraḍ (03) n yiḥricen, aɛebbuḍ: netta d yiwen n ufniq i yesɛan lɣar ansa id iteffeɣ ṣṣut .
Afus:  yiwen n ufus aɣezfan sina id tetteken yinzizen-nni.
Aqeṛuy: yesɛa seḍḍis (06) n tsura i yettwasudsen kraḍ kraḍ di yal tama cudden inzizen-nni
At Walban

**At Walban** d yiwet n taddart i yellan deg tɣiwant n Ṣaḥariǧ deg twilayt n Tubiret deg Tamurt n yiqbayliyen.

## Amezruy
### Tallit n yiɛutmaniyen

### Tallit n yefransisen

### Seld  ifransisen
Tiksas

**Texas** d awanak n Yiwunak Yeddukklen, yezga-d deg wenẓul-agmuḍan (sud-est) n tmurt, ɣef yiri n Ubagu n Miksik. Tajumma-nnes 696.241 km2 (yikilumitren imkuẓen). Zedɣen-t 25.145.561 n yimezdaɣen. Tamaneɣt-nnes d Austin.
Ṣaleḥ Aḥmed Gayed

**Ṣaleḥ Aḥmed Gayed** (mechur s yisem **Gayed Ṣaleḥ**) ilul deg 13 yennayer 1940 deg batna u yemmut deg 23 dujamber 2019, yella d ajiniral azzayri i iḥekmen akk lɛesker seg 2004 ar 2019.

Yuɣal d ajiniral major deg 1993, deg 2006 yuɣal ajiniral n *corps d'armée*.
Uccen

**Uccen uṛɣan** neɣ **Uccen** kan (isem ussnan: **Canis lupaster**) d talmest n iɣersiwen imseksumen yeṭṭafaren tawsit n wuccanen yakk d twacult n Taydiyyin.

## Ideggan n tudert
Yettidir deg tjumma meqqren, Seg Tanzanya ɣer Sudan d Maṣer, Libya, Tunes, Tamurt n Leqbayel,  Senigal deg Tefriqt.

## Učči
Uccen d aɣersiw anegmar, yegguni deg wučči-ines ɣef iɣerdayen, izerdiyen d yebẓaẓ

=Amawal=

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Aseggas n Ilu

**Aseggas n Ilu**, neɣ **Ɛam Ulfil** (عام الفيل), d isem i d-yefka umezruy Ineslem i useggas iqerben ɣer 570 seld talalit n Ɛisa. Amezruy Ineslem yeqqar belli deg useggas-a nnbi n Tneslemt Muḥemmed (taɛrabt: مُـحَـمَّـد‎) ilul. Isem-agi yekka-d seg ayen yeḍran di Mekka. 

Abraha n Ḥabaca, amenbaḍ Amasiḥi n Yaman, igḍefren Tagelda n Aksum di Ityupya, yelḥa ɣer Kaɛba di Mekka s yigen ameqqran, deg igen agi llan yiwen neɣ aṭaṣ n ilaten n umgaru, iswi-is ad-tiseɣli (Kaɛba). Akken yeqqar wensay ineslem, ilu amezwaru, yettwasnen s yissem n Meḥmud (Taɛrabt: مَـحْـمُـوْد), ibedd ɣer unekcum n Mekka, d yugi ad yekcem.  

Isenmezruyen fkan tiẓri yeqqaren belli yiwen waṭṭan yeṭṭef yilu nni d ur yeǧǧa-t adyekcem ɣer Mekka.  

Iferrayen imaynuten deg Unẓul n Tuzunegzirt Taɛrabt ttciciden belli Aseggas n Ilu yeḍra-d di 569 neɣ 568, imi Tgelda n Isasaniyen tseɣli inabaḍen di Yaman igḍefren Tgelda n Aksum di tama n 570.  

Maca, isenmezruyen ass-a ttamnen belli tagunit agi teḍra-d mraw n iseggasen send talalit n nnbi n Tneslemt.

Adlis uɣris n inselmen (Leqran) imeslay-d ɣef tgunit-a di sura tis 105, sura n yilu.

## Imnura
Aygun Kazimova

**Aygun Kazimova** isem-is unṣib d **Aygün Ələsgər qızı Kazımova** (tlul ass 26 yennayer 1971 di Baku) d tacennayt n pop.
Lmulud Zeddak

**ZEDDAK Lmulud** (fr: mouloud Zedek)

Yebda tira n isefra-s d amẓyan,deg useggas wis ssin n uɣerbaz amenzu (2ème AM), di leɛmer-is 12 neɣ 13 n iseggasen.
Ma d ayen yeɛnan lmuziga yeqqim ḥalami d aseggas deg iṛuḥ ad d-yesɛeddi lɛeskar i yebda yesnulfu-y-d tuɣac. Warǧin yelmid lmuziga deg uɣerbaz, maca am akken it-id-yenna ulac aɣerbaz yifen Ath Xelfun, labaɛda amekkan wumi qaren Tala n Berzal akked Tiɣilit n umadaɣ. Tamedyazt akked Lmuziga d ayen is-izedɣen ul. Tizlitt m'ara d-t-as tettas-d akken tekmel, iteddu-d deg-s usefru akked lmuziga, ma teqqim-as deg wallaɣ lmeɛna-s d tizlit yelhan, ma yettu-tt hatan ihi fiḥel-itt...  

Ccix Lḥesnawi, Sliman ƐAZEM, TALEb Rabaḥ akked Ḥnifa d wid swayes yenǧer abrid-is Lmulud. Ass mi yuɣal ula d netta s timmad-is d anaẓur, iḥemmel ad yessl i tezlatin n AT Megellat, Lwennas Maɛtub,Yidir akked waṭṭas nniḍen.

Yessekles takasiṭ-is tamenzut ass mi yesɛa 23 iseggasen, swaswa kan mi d-ifuk lɛeskaṛ. S tkaṣiṭ-agi dɣa is-d-iban ubrid ara yawi, abrid n ccna akked umennuɣ aseklan. Asekles-agi amenzu d win is-d-yewwin lxir ar zdat, acku imdebbeṛ n uxxam n usekles iweɛdas 3 iseggasen n leqdic yid-s. 

Xas akken abrid n unaẓur yessawen maca laɛtab warǧin it-id-yudder, yezga yebɣa ad iɛaned imuqranen, yezga yettmuqul ɣer Lewnis At Mengellat yellan d anaẓur is-iceɛlen tafat. Llan daɣen wiyaḍ d wid is-yellan d tigeja wuɣur isenned seg wass-mi yebda, uɣalen maḍi d imdukal-is, am Maɛtub Lwennas akked Crif ḤAMANI is-yefkan aṭṭas n ufus n tallelt. Lmulud, yal tikelt yettara-y-asen tajmilt.

Lmulud d win wumi tezdeɣ teqbaylit deg ul, adrar n ǧerǧer d win swayes yezga yettzux,ulac lɛerc yeǧǧa, tameɣra tettak-it i tayeḍ, amundul ddaw teɣruḍt yekka-d meṛṛa tudrin n tmurt, ulac taddart ur yessefreḥ ara s tezlatin-is, si Tizi ar Lezzyer, si Tubirett ar bgayet. Yecna ula di Wehran anda yewhem dɣa ɣef tzeqqa yeccuṛen ḥalami d ulamek...Wamag tura ulayɣer d nebder tiseddawinyin, yal mi s-d-sawelent netta ad asent-yerr tiɣri...

Yiwet n tikelt dɣa di Tizi-uzzu, deg yiwet n tejmilt is-yuɣalen i ḤNIFA, Lmulud yezdi aṭṭas n tmusniwin akked inaẓuren it-yecban. Yeḥka-d, s tujma akked ucmumeḥ, dakken tanaẓurt NEWWARA tenna-y-as belli tikelt tamezut ass-mi it-twala, tenwa meqqar di laɛmaṛ "Beaucoup plus bieux", acku cbaḥa n tezlatin-is akked telqey n tmedyazt-is amzun tekka-d seg iles n umɣar azemni. Deg useggas n 1990 daɣen yecfa-d Lmulud ɣef tmeɣra yexdem deg uxxam n tnelmadin di MDUḤA netta akked umdakkel-is M.FELLAG yesnecraḥen taswiɛt...

Yella daɣen Yusef ABEǦAWI i iwalan di Lmulud anaẓur izemren ad iruḥ ɣer lebɛid ass-mi yebda.
Ass-agi Zeddak Lmulud d isem yessen umeqran d umeẓyan, isefra-s d wid lqayen. Lmulud d win ijerden abrid-is yerna warǧin is-yexḍa.

## Ẓer daɣen
*http://merzoukouchene.e-monsite.com/s-ur-merzouk-ouchene/imedyazen/zedek-mouloud.html#Zwdl2WuD5Mlr38uK.9
Ifis

**Ifis** (isen ussnan es Tlatint: **Hyaenidae**) d-tawsit n iɣersiwen imseksumen, s umata, Ifis d aɣeṛsiw azagir, asuṭaṭ, yettidir s waṭas deg Tefriqt akkw d kra n tmura n Asya am Lhend d tzunegzirt taserɣint. Itett imeɣsuyen id ǧǧan iɣersiwen inegmaren n iden am yizem , ayen ara d-eǧǧen iɣeṛsiwen n iden neɣ ayen ara d-yegmer acku ifis d anegmar izewṛen.
Xas akken tafekka-ynes tettak anzi i tin n weydi (aqjun), maca ur ttekkin ara ɣer yiwwet n twacult n yiɣeṛsiwen.

## Tilmas n yifis
* Aridal (*Hyaena hyaena*)
* Tazuri (*Crocuta crocuta*)
* Taẓuri (*Proteles cristata*)
* Ifis aras (*Hyaena brunnea*)

## Idgan n tudert
Yettidir deg Tefrikt d usamar alemmas d Turkya d Lhend

## Ifis deg yidles
Rḥubut

**Rḥubut** (s taɛebrit : ) d tamdint di tmurt n israyil tezga-d deg ugezdu Agwans.

tebɛed 24km ɣef Tel Aviv-Jaffa akked 53km ɣef Jérusalem, tettwasved deg useggas 1890 am uzadur n tfellaḥt.
Afurar

**Afurar** (s taɛrabt : , s tiffinaɣ : ⴰⴼⵓⵔⴰⵔ) d yiwet n temdint di Merruk. id yezgan di  temnaḍt n Béni Mellal-Khénifra ɣef 20km si Béni Mellal.
Resm

**Resm** d agemmay aɛrab yella yettuseqdac g lqern wis 7 ar wis 11. Netta kif kif am ugemmay aɛrab n tura lameɛna ixuṣṣ-it tineqqiṭin (s teɛrabt : iɛǧam). Egzampl :  ـبـ  ـتـ  ـثـ  ـنـ  ـيـ ttwuran s usekkil yiwen : 	ـٮـ‎.

## Amezruy
Di tira n teɛrabt n zik (lqern wis 7 d wis 8) nezmer ad naf ciṭuḥ n tneqqiṭin lameɛna mači daymen. 

**Resm** yesɛa 18 isekkilen, mi yella usekkil gar sin isekkilen ur nezmir ad neɛqel ala 15 isekkilen.

Ẓer legzampl s l *[[Besmala]]* :

## Egzampl seg umezruy

Surat 86 & 87 n leqran n Samarkand.
Piotrowice

**Piotrowice** d taddart deg wanẓul-agmuḍ n Lapologne, s tama n wasif Vistula. D daxel n Masovian Voivodeship. 352 yemdanen zedɣen deg-s (aseggas : 2013).
Buzeru

## Tilmas

## Tugna
http://www.proyectoforestaliberico.es/galeria/slides/Cotoneaster%20granatensis.JPG

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Cotoneaster granatensis
*Isem-is s tefransist: Cotonéaster
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Tubrazt

**Tubrazt** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Crataegus azarolus**) d yiwet n telmest n yisekla igummanen yeṭṭafaren tawsit n yidmim deg twacult n tnejjikin. Talmest-a tettemɣay-d deg tamiwin i d-izzin i wemda n yilel agrakal. Dɣa initen n yigumma-ines d wid yemgaraden gar n uwraɣ d uzeggaɣ d uberkan, yerna yal taqqayt n ugummu tettaddam 3 n yifsan. 

## Aglam

## semres

## [[Adu-telmest|Tidu-lemsin]]

## Tiwlafin

## Imniren

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Idmim azeggaɣ

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Crataegus monogyna
*Isem-is s tefransist: Aubépine épineux
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Aydmim
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Tarut

**Tarut** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Cupressus dupreziana**) d talmest n tizumbiyin yeṭṭafaren tawsit n tiddi.

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Cupressus dupreziana
*Isem-is s tefransist: Cyprès du Tassili
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit:
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Tiddi tagraklant (imɣi)

*Isem-is s latinit: Cupressus sempervirens
*Isem-is s tefransist: Cyprès commun
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit:
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Leṣnaf nniḍen
* 

## Isseqdac

>
Ileggi

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Cytisus arboreus ou Cytisus triflorus 
*Isem-is s tefransist: Cytise arborescent ou Cytise à longues grappes
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit:Tiluggit
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Asaxi

**Asaxi** neɣ **Aterṭaq** (isem usnan: *Cytisus oromediterraneus*
d yiwet n talmest n imɣan id yessufuɣen iǧeǧǧigen deg tefsut, Yettemcabi ar uzezzu, Maca Azezzu yesɛa isennanen.

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Cytisus oromediterraneus (?wissen me yella di tefriqt ugafa), Cytisus balansae
*Isem-is s tefransist: Genêt purgatif, ulac isem-is s tefṛansist
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Huggi (i Cytisus balansae)
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Aleẓẓaẓ

Tawsit n **ileẓẓaẓen** neɣ **Aleẓẓaẓ** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Daphne**) ilan (yesɛan) gar n 50 ar 95 n telmas id yettemɣayen s talɣa n tmedkin neɣ n wadu-tmedkin teṭṭafar tawacult n teɣrazin, kra g telmas-is d timeɣlalin n tizzegzut ma d kra n iden d tinafanin. Tilmas n tewsit-a ttemɣayen-tt-d g Uruppa d Asya d Tefriqt ugafa 

## Umuɣ n telmas
* Aleẓẓaẓ amseɣsi (*Daphne gnidium*) 
* Aleẓẓaẓ bu tekdi (*Daphne odora*) 
* Aleẓẓaẓ n walpin (*Daphne alpina*)

## Tilmas

## Aleẓẓaẓ deg yidles Aqbayli d Umaziɣ

## traitement efficace pour les hémorroïdes en kabylie Aleẓẓaẓ deg wučči d usuji

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Bunerjuf

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Datura Stramonium ou Datura Metel
*Isem-is s tefransist: Herbe aux fous ou Herbe diable
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit:
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Tektuniyya

**Tektuniyya** (Assaɣ usnan: *Cydonia oblonga*) d talmest n yemɣan yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tanejjikt deg tfesna n tnejjikin, Tektuniyya d agummu id yettemɣayen deg tegrest yettili-d neɣ yudes (yeqreb) ar udeffu d ifires 

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Cydonia oblonga
*Isem-is s tefransist: Cognassier
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Taktunya
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac
ifsan n tektuniyya d wid yeččuren d ivitaminen yelhan i tezmert akken daɣen i yella dges 64% n waman 7% iẓid, 0,9% Pṛutin

## Tiwelhiwin
Tazdalt

## Tilmas
* Tifesnext 

## Ismawen

Isem-is s latinit: Daucus carota

Isem-is s tefransist: Carotte sauvage

Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: 

Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac
Wazdel

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Daucus muricatus
*Isem-is s tefransist: Carotte épineuse
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Haska
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Taxenfelt

**Inɣerfel** (Assaɣ usnan: **Dianthus caryophyllus**) d talmest n yemɣan yeṭṭefaren tawsit n inɣerfel deg twacult n tnɣerflin

## Aglam

## Azal-is di tdamsa

## [[Amyaraw]]

## Ismawen
-is s latinit: Dianthus caryophyllus
*Isem-is s tefransist: L'œillet commun
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Qrunfel, Tagrufelt, Taxenfelt
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt:

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Afeqqus n weɣyul

*Isem-is s latinit: Ecballium elaterium
*Isem-is s tefransist: Concombre ou cornichon d'âne
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit:
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Leṣnaf nniḍen
* 

## Isseqdac
Abellau

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Daucus aureus
*Isem-is s tefransist: Carotte dorée
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Tasekra

**Tasekla** neɣ **Tasedla** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Echinops**) d tawsit n yimɣan yeṭṭafaren tawacult n titrit, Deg tewsit-a llant wazal n 120 n telmas amur ameqran deg-sent yettemɣay-d deg Uruppa d Asya d Tefrikt

## Tiskanin timatanin

## Tilmas

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Axlenǧ

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Erica arborea
*Isem-is s tefransist: Bruyère arborescente
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Ixninej, Kabylie region des Babors, 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Timcet n tegmart

## Tilmas
*

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Erodium malacoides
*Isem-is s tefransist: Bec-de-cigogne, Fausse mauve 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Swayeɛ n lexla
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Keskur

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Eryngium tricuspidatum
*Isem-is s tefransist: Panicaut à trois épines 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: 
*smawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Axar

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Eryngium triquetrum
*Isem-is s tefransist: Panicault
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Tagruf, Tagrufelt
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Tiqqad n yisɣi

**Tizmamagin** neɣ **Tiqqad n yesɣi** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Fedia graciliflora**) d yiwet n telmest n yimɣan isaɣuren imseggasen i d-yettemɣayen deg umenzu n tefsut. Talmest-a teṭṭafar tawsit n tezmamagin.

## Aglam

## Ideggan n  wemɣay
Talmest-a tettemɣay-d deg Tferka n Ugafa (Ameṛṛuk, agafa n Lezzayer, Tunes d tmurt n Yiqbayliyen), yakk d unẓul n Uruppa (Spanya d Portugal). 

## Tiwlafin

## Imniren

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Aẓawan aqbayli

**Aẓawan aqbayli** d yiwen seg udmawen yebnan idles n wegdud aqbayli. Deg laṣel-is yebna ɣef ucewwiq aqbur n yidurar, maca ɣef teɣẓi n wakud yesbuɣer-d iman-is s ṭṭbuɛ iberraniyen am wid d-yekkan si Landalus, si Ccerq neɣ ɣer tagara seg umaḍal aɣerbi. Tura akka nezmer ad t-nebḍu ɣef waṭas n leṣnaf, gar-asen : afulklur aqbayli, ccna amensay aqbayli, cceɛbi aqbayli, taɣect tatrat n iseggasen n sebɛin, ceɛbi amaynut, ccna n tmeɣra, rock, blues, rap iqbaylien, d wiyaḍ.
Falesṭin (Tamnaḍt)

**Falesṭin** d tama g umalu n umenẓaw asya, yekka-d isem-is seg agdud n iflistiyen (Taɛebrit : פְּלִשְׁתִּים‬, Plictim), iflistiyen llan ixṣimen n wudayen d ugellid nsen
Dawed. Mi steɛmren rruman akal n Yesrayel, beddlen isem-is ar Falesṭin zzkara g wudayen.

G lqern 20, Ingliziyen akk d irumiyen bḍan akal n iɛetmaniyen, ssulfen aṭas n tmura gar-asen Falesṭin n 1920, yella deg-s : Urdun, Agemmaḍ Utrim, Yesrayel, Ɣezza.

G 1946, Ingliziyen bḍan Falesṭin n 1920 ar sin : Falesṭin d Urdun.

G 1948, Tuddsa n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen tebḍa Falesṭin n 1946 ar sin tikkelt nniḍen : Falesṭin d Yesrayel.
Falesṭin (Awanek)

**Falesṭin**; s teɛrabt: فلسطين‎, isem ines unṣib **Awanek n falesṭin**; s teɛrabt: دَوْلَةْ فَلَسْطِنْ, *Dawlat falestin*), tamurt tezgad g umalu n umenẓaw Asya d rrif asammer n ilel agrakal, tesɛa tilas d Lubnan s ugafa, Surya s ugafa asammer, s usammer Urdun,  s unzul asammer Maser , yezgad gar-as d tamurt n l’Urdun ilel amettan , Awanek n falesṭin d awanek aɛṛab , tajumma ines mectuḥet  maca llan g-yes tigwti n waɛṛaben d tadersi n udayen inselmen, ineṣriyen, idruzen d isamariyen. Llant daɣen  tasfift n Ɣezza d tama tanẓulit neɣ tama turdunit.

Tamanaɣt-ines d urcalim **(s taɛṛabt lquds القدس)**
Xamarin

**Xamarin** (Anṭaq s tegnizit: Zamarin) d ccarika spécialisée deg software, tettwaxleq g 2011 u tuɣ-itt Microsoft g 2016. 

S langage n C#, mkull développeur yezmer ad yaru application tezmer ad teddu g Windows, Android neɣ iOS.

## Amezruy

Deg 1999, Miguel de Icaza akk d Nat Friedman xelqen ccarika Ximian, ssenzen les application i iteddun deg GNOME (Linux).

Mi d-yeffeɣ C# akk d .Net, Icaza d Friedman xemmemen af protaj ar Linux. Version tamezwarut teffeɣ-d g 2001 u semman-tt Mono.

Ximian tɛedda ar ifassen n Novell g 2003 umbeɛd ar ifassen n Attachmate g 2011. Attachmate tessufeɣ aṭas n les développeurs i yellan deg usenfar n Mono. 

G 2011, Icaza d Friedman xelqen ccarkia tajdidt : Xamarin, aṭas n les développeurs usan-d seg tarbaɛt n Mono.
Bahya Faraḥ

**Bahya Faraḥ** (1917-1984), s yisem-is awaryan Bunwaṛ Faṭima-Zuhra d yiwet gar tnaẓurin tiqbayliyin i yecnan s teqbaylit. Tlul deg Tubiret deg useggas 1917. Imi d tagujilt, d ɛemmi-s i tt-irebban, yewwi-tt yid-s ɣer Tunes. Dinna dɣa, deg yiwen n uɣsur n usileɣ n tẓuri (centre de formation artistique), i telmed cḍeḥ.

Deg useggas 1931, deg leɛmer-is 14 n yiseggasen, tunag ɣer Lpari, anda i tufa iɣriben i tt-iɛawnen s wayen i zemren akken ur tettmenṭar ara deg yiberdan. Syin akkin, tettekka deg *la troupe artistique maghrébine* i yessedda unaẓur atunsi Muḥamed Lǧamussi seg 1910 ar 1988. Ɣas akken d cḍeḥ i tḥemmel, testufa-d daɣen i ccna. Tuɣac timezwura i tecna, s teɛrabt, d tid n unaẓur Muḥamed Lkamel (1919-1935) : "Sɣira mesrara", "Bent ammi", "Eddunya" d "Zman EL youm". Deg 1937, temlal d win ara yuɣalen d argaz-is, anaẓur Muḥamed Temmam (1915-1988), tuɣ-t imir-nni d anelmad deg l’école supérieur des arts décoratifs de Paris. Deg useggas 1949 sawlen-as-d deg teẓrigin Pathé Marconi ad tsekles iḍebsiyen-is imezwura, s teɛrabt : "Rayeḥ maɛdum, Ya umri lik" d "Yali qeleqtu".

Ɣas akken, tebḍa la troupe artistique maghrébine, azekka-nni n ṭtrad, ur teḥbis ara Bahya Faraḥ. Twala dakken di tallit-nni i tt-ḥwaǧen mliḥ yiɣriben, i tt-teḥwaǧ Lezzayer. Aṭas dɣa n yinaẓuren yeddren di Lpari i iwufqen ṛray n Bahya. Dɣa tesnulfa-d "La troupe artistique du FLN". Di lawan-nni i d-temlal d Slimane Azem. D timlilit-nni i tt-yerran tettwassen ugar, ladɣa ɣer Leqbayel. Tecna d Slimane Azem tizlit yufraren "kemm d nekk" akked "aṭas ay ṣebreɣ".

Deg useggas 1965, tuɣal-d ar Tmurt. Din din, terra ɣer RTA, texdem d Ccix Nureddin deg ṛradyu tis-snat. Tecna daɣen kra n tuɣac i as-yura Crif Xeddam d Ccix Nureddin. Tsekles di tilibizyu snat n tuɣac, maca ar ass-a ur nwala ara isura-nni. Deg useggas n 1967, uqebl ad tebru i RTA, tsekles tizlit "Tfuk lɣerba, tfuk", d taɣect-is taneggarut. Seg wass-nni, yekkfa wawal ɣef Bahya Faraḥ: imḍebbren ur as-fkin ara azal d ccan i tuklal. Ma d nettat yejreḥ wul-is : mačči akken i tɣil ad tidir di Lezzayer i d-ḥerren yirgazen d tlawin i tt-yecban. Tesɛedda taggara n tudert-is deg tatut, ɛeggu d waṭṭan i d-yeɣlin fell-as, ssexsayen-tt cwiṭ cwiṭ almi d asmi i tewweḍ s anda ara naweḍ ass amenzu n yibrir 1984.
Winston Churchill

**Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill** d argaz n udabu n tgelda tabriṭanit, ilul ass n 30 wamber deg useggas n 1874 deg temdint n Blenheim (Woodstock, Oxfordshire, Tagelda Tabriṭanit Yedukklen), yemmut ass n 24 yennayer deg useggas n 1965 deg Lundun. Gar tlufa i t-yerran mucaɛ ad d-naf: Amennuɣ-is mgal tamnaẓit, ayen yexdem asmi i yella d aneɣlaf amezwaru n Tgelda Tabriṭanit Yedduklen seg useggas n 1940 ar 1945 deg Ṭrad Tamaḍalant Tis Snat yesɛa azal d ameqqran, rnu ɣer-s, yeqfez aṭas deg wayen i yerzan cbaḥa n wawal d uheyyi n yinawen igerrzen akked tira. D anect-a i t-yerran d argaz n tsertit yettwassnen deg umaḍal deg tallit tis 20.

## Tawacult d temẓi

### Imawlan-is

### Asɣerbez seg 7 iseggasen ar 18 iseggasen

## Akeččum ɣer tsertit

### D ilemẓi i yeṭṭfen deg leɛwayed, i yettcetkin deg umni

### Notes
Itrikli

**Itrikli** neɣ **Amtiweg** (d irem uddis seg *Itri + Tikli*) neɣ amtiweg d tafekka i yemmugen s tanga n wakal d udɣaɣ neɣ n lgaz i yeddewwiren, yettezzin deg yigenni ɣef yiṭij neɣ ɣef kra n yitri-nniḍen ameqqran, yal itrikli yesɛa agur neɣ ugar i s-d-yettezzin. Yesɛa taẓayt i s-ilaqen iwakken ajebbud-is ad tt-yeṭṭef deg lmizan-is.
Tamegdawalt

D irem n taɣult n tesnilest.

## Tasnalɣa
Deg talɣa, d awal uddis (seg *ged + awal*)

D isem n tɣawsa, unti, asuf.

## Tasnamka
Deg tesnamka, tamegdawalt d taluft i d-yemmalen sin n wawalen i yezdi yiwen unamek.

**Amedya**:
Tasnamka

D taɣult gar taɣulin n tesnilest i d-yelhan d tezrawt n unamek n wawalen d wassaɣ i lan gar-asen ama deg talɣa, ama deg unamek.
Ahmed zamoum
Urwaz

**Uṛwaz** neɣ **Aṛwaz** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Coriaria**)   d tawsit tamyiwent n twacult n terwazt s wazal n 28 n telmas n yimɣan yeǧǧuǧǧugen. Tilmas n tewsit-a d tid i d-itt-mɣayen deg wemda n yilel agrakal d Pakistan d New Ziland d Tamrikt n Wenẓul 

## Umuɣ n telmas

## Ẓeṛ daɣen

## Tilmas

## Tiwelhiwin
Tibiwt

*Isem-is s latinit: Ranunculus ficaria
*Isem-is s tefransist: Ficaire fausse renoncule
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac
Tansawt

## Tilmas
*

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Foeniculum vulgare
*Isem-is s tefransist: Fenouil commun 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Tamsawt, Abesas
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Tiqqad n yesɣi

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Fumaria officinalis
*Isem-is s tefransist: Pied-de-Céline, Herbe de la veuve
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Buzruren , Ijoujar iɣes , Ijoujar n yesɣi 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Ila

**Ila** d amyag i yeftin ɣer yizri, deg wudem wis krad (3), asuf, amalay.

## [[Tamegdawalt]]
**[[Ila|Yesɛa]], Yekseb.**
Acikaw

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Galactites tomentosus
*Isem-is s tefransist: Chardon laineux, Chardon tomenteux
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit:
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Afsax n wayyur

Afsax n wayyur d afsax i d-iḍerrun yal mi ara yili wayyur deffir neɣ deg tili n lqaɛa. D asdari n wayyur ɣef yiṭij, imi tezga-yas-d lqaɛa. Taluft-a tḍerru-d yal tikkelt ara yemlil wayyur, lqaɛa akked yiṭij deg yiwet n tizzirga.

## Aglam
Ɛemmar u Saɛid Bulifa

**Si Aɛmer U Sɛid n At Belqasem U Aεmer**; Ɛemmar u Saɛid Bulifa neɣ Sɛid Bulifa kan, s Tfinaɣ: ⵄⵎⴻⵔ ⵓ ⵙⴰⵄⵉⴷ ⴱⵓⵍⵉⴼⴰ, d aselmad, d amnadi aqbayli deg umezruy d tussna n tmetti, ilul deg useggas 1863 deg tmurt n Leqbayel (Ɛedni), yemmut deg Dzayer (tamanaɣt) ass n 8 yunyu 1931.
Aḥric ameqran n tmeddurt-is, yesɛedda-t deg uselmed.

## Gar wayen yura
*Textes berbères en dialectes de l'Atlas marocain, Paris 1908.
*Une première année de langue kabyle (dialecte Zouaoua). A l'usage des candidats à la prime et au brevet de kabyle, Alger 1897.
*Méthode de langue kabyle (cours de deuxième année), Alger 1913.
*Recueil de poésies kabyles. Texte Zouaoua traduit, annoté et précédé d'une étude sur la femme kabyle et d'une notice sur le chant kabyle (airs de musique), Alger 1904.
*Manuscrits berbères du Maroc.
*L’Inscription d'Ifigha, in « Revue archéologique juillet-décembre 1909 »
*Nouveaux documents archéologiques découverts dans le Haut-Sébaou in Revue africaine n° 55, 1911.
*Nouvelle mission archéologique en Kabylie in Bulletin archéologique du comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques, Paris, 1912.
*Mémoire sur l’enseignement des indigènes de l’Algérie, in Bulletin de l’enseignement des indigènes, Alger, Jourdan, 1897.
*Le kanoun de la zaouia de Sidi Mansour des Ait Djennad, Mélange René Basset, Tome I, Paris, Leroux, 1923.
*Le kanoun d'Adni, texte et traduction avec une notice historique, in Recueil de Mémoires et de textes, XIVe Congrès International des Orientalistes, Alger 1905.
*Le Djurdjura à travers l'histoire depuis l'Antiquité jusqu'en 1830 : organisation et indépendance des Zouaoua (Grande Kabylie), Alger 1925.
Timsennent

**Timsennent** neɣ **Timerqemt** (isem usnan: **Carduelis carduelis**) d talmest meẓẓiyen n yigṭaṭ yeṭṭafaren twacult n tbenferriwin, Yettidir seg Uruppa n umalu ar Sibirya u seg Tafriqt n ugafa ar Asya talemmast yerna yettusekcem ar waṭas n yidgan deg tegnit am Ustralya d tmura n Temrikt n Wenẓul, Tettusismel deg 
Tiddukla tagreɣlant i taggaẓt n tgama d akken-it d talmest ur tettwaggez.

## Učči
Deg wučči-ynes tegguni ɣef yifsan n yimɣan imegziyen am yifsan n ubsis d isennanen d kra n igumma

## Aglam
Addud n Timsennent d win igan gar n 12 ar 13 cm, Afriwen-is mara ldin ttilin gar n 21 ar 25 cm, azuk-is gar n 14 ar 19 g, Timsennent d aylan iẓlin (icebḥen) s waṭas, udem-is d azeggaɣ s uqerru d aberkan. S sin n wafriwen d iberkanen yal yiwen dges azawag d awraɣ

## Taɣect d ccna

## Tamezduɣt
Timsennent tettidir deg yiger, anda llan yimɣan yerxan am ucikaw d ubsis, Tra (Tḥemmel) daɣen ifergen n urtiyen d yiran n iberdan d tregwa n waman. 

agdef-is yetteg ɣef tseṭwa yerxan, tama n yimɣan yessefruruyen absis.

## Tikli

Timsennenin ttidiren-t eg tegrawin, ttafgent akken, ttrusunt akken. Anda yella ubsis dlant fell-as. D tifregtin daɣen i ttinigent, seg temnaṭ ɣer tayeṭṭ. Ttɣimint akked alama d tafsut. Imir ad bṭunt d tiyuga. Yal awtem d tewtemt ad ddukklen deg sin akken ad sefrurxen. D tawtemt i ibennun agdef. Ma awtem izegg-as-d kan i lmendad, yettarra amihi fell-as. Melmi i frurxent tmellalin i sin yid-sen seččayen ifrax-nsen.

## Asefrurex

Seg tazwara n unebdu tawtemt tbennu igedfen ɣef useklu. Tetteg-itt d tameẓẓyant. Teggar-itt s wadal n waman d yimɣan, usu-ynes d afraw neɣ d taduṭṭ n wulli. 
Tessrusay gar n 4 ar 5 n timellalin tzeddel fellasen-t gar n 12 ar 14 n wussan. Ad teqqim akken alama tfukk tallit nni. Kra tekka dinna. Deg tallit nni d awtem id yettawin učči .

## Tiski

Llant temreqmin timezgiyin, llant tminigin. Ttidirent gar Tefriqt n Ugafa akked Turuft.

Aggaz d usmun

Timreqmin, teddunt ad negrent. Zik-nni ggtent deg laxla; ass-a, jlant gar wallen. Tteggiden-tent medden; ggaren-tent deg laqfus i ccbaḥa. Deg ssuq n yefrax, d timreqemt akk i yeɣlayen gar yifrax. Rnu daɣen, anekcum n wakal iburen i yettuɣalen d timizart n tfellaḥt neɣ d adda i usali n tudrin d yiɣerman swaɣayen tudert n tmerqemt.

Ass-a, ccetla tettwaḥrez, tanduyt tettwagdel. Maca, iseggaden ttkemmilen ahdum-nsen, ɣas barra i usaḍuf i ggaren aḍar. Ar melmi ?

## Taɣbalut
Adlis n tmaziɣt n useggas wis 3 n ulmud alemmas n tmurt n Lezzayer (sb 66-67)
Smaɛil Bellac

**Smaɛil BELLAC**, s tfinaɣ ⵙⵎⴰⵄⵉⵍ  ⴱⴻⵍⵍⴰⵛ, ilul deg useggas n 1946, yemmut deg 2015. Smaɛil BELLAC d aɣewlis, seg zik i yebda yettmal ɣer tmaziɣt; yettaru-tt s tfinaɣ. Yura yis-s aṭas n yidrisen, wa ines, wa isuɣel-it-id seg tutlayt niḍen.

Ger wayen yura, asefru n « ugerfiw d ubareɣ », i yellan d asuɣel n tneqqist « Agerfiw d Ubareɣ » n Jean de La Fontaine; iger-it-id Muḥya deg tmezgunt i wumi isemma «**Sinistri**».

## Taɣbalut
Adlis n tmaziɣt n useggas wis 3 n ulmud alemmas n tmurt n Lezzayer (sb 75)
Azzu n welɣum

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Genista tricuspidata
*Isem-is s tefransist: Genêt - Pas de nom vernaculaire spécifique
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Tazegart n weɣyul, Uzzu 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Tafduxt

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Gossypium herbaceum
*Isem-is s tefransist: Cotonnier (sorte de) - pas de non d'usage spécifique
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Legwar
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Udmi

**Udmi** (isem usnan: *Petrorhagia*) d tawsit n yemɣan yeṭṭafaren tawacult n twinasin, yettemɣay-d deg umda agraklan.

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Petrorhagia illyrica subsp. angustifolia
*Isem-is s tefransist: Gypsophile
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Adafal

**Adafal** neɣ **Tasuflalt** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Hedera**) d tawsit n yimɣan izagiren (n lexla) neɣ yettwaẓẓun i wedlag, Dɣa talmest yettwassnen yakk tga d adafal imcebbeb.

## Aglam

## Tilmas tigejdanin
Tilmas tigejdanin gant d:
* Adafal imcebbeb — (*Hedera helix L*)
* Adafal n iknaren — (*Hedera canariensis*)

## Asexdem d iseqdac

## Tiwlafin n telmas

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Hedera
*Isem-is s tefransist: Lierre grimpant
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit:Tasuflat
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Asɣaṛ aẓidan

**Asɣaṛ aẓidan** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Glycyrrhiza glabra**) d imɣi amaddag imezgi i d-ittemɣayen deg waṭas n ideggan n umadal am Surya d Asya talemmast d Uruppa.

Dɣa iẓuran-is ttaken-d yiwet n tenga isem-is asɣaṛ aẓidan, tanga ayi ẓid ugar n yiẓid (sskur) yerna tettwaffaẓ neɣ tettwarnay i yiẓmawen.

## Isseqdac
Taselɣa

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Globularia alypum
*Isem-is s tefransist: Globulaire buissonnante 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Ḥlafa

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Helminthotheca echioides
*Isem-is s tefransist: Picride fausse vipérine
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Timenṭeṭ
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Tikdert n weɣyul

*Isem-is s latinit: Taeniatherum caput-medusae
*Isem-is s tefransist: Orge chevelue
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac
Timẓin n weɣyul

**Timẓin n weɣyul** (assaɣ ussnan: **Hordeum murinum**) d talmest n yimɣan yeṭṭafaren tawsit n temẓin deg tfesna n tumdiwin

## Tiwlafin

## Ismawen

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Timẓin

**Timẓin** (assaɣ ussnan: *Hordeum vulgare*) d talmest n imɣan n imseggasen yeṭṭafaren tawsit n temẓin deg tawacult n tumedt

## Aṭṭanen d wuguren
Timẓin d imɣi ig zemren ad yeglu s wurnan deg kra n tegnatin acku d igber seg yiwet n tanga isem-is glutin

## Timẓin deg tasnudert

## Ismawen

## Isseqdac



## Imniren
Tawilayt n Tubiret

Tawilayt n Tubiret (s tefrensist : Wilaya de Bouira, s taɛrabt: ولاية بويرة) d Tawilayt tis 10 deg tmurt n Lezzayer, tugett n yimezdaɣ-ines d iqbayliyen, tella tettekki ɣer tnebḍit tis III deg ṭṭrad mgal Fransa.

## Tarakalt

Tawilayt n Tubiret tezga-d deg tmurt n yiqbayliyen, tiwilayin tinaragin i s-d-yezzin :

* Agafa : Tawilayt n Bumerdas d twilayt n Tizi wezzu ;
* Agmuḍ : Tawilayt n Bgayet d Tawilayt n Burǧ Bu Ɛririǧ ;
* Anẓul : Tawilayt n Msila ;
* Amalu : Tawilayt n Blida d twilayt Mdiyya.

## Tiɣiwanin
Tawilayt n Tubiret ɣur-s kuẓ n tmerwin d semmus (45) n Tiɣiwanin:
Aywal

**Aywal** neɣ **Tawalt** neɣ **Taznezna** (isem ussnan: **Juniperus thurifera**) d yiwet n telmest n taqqiwin i d-ittemɣayen deg Spanya yakk d Yidurar n Waṭlas n (di Lmeṛṛuk yakk d n tamiwin tamiwin di Lezzayer am Wuwras, d Tunes). Yettwassen s ulawi-ines i tkerẓi (ccedda) n unezwu d uɣurar, akken i zemen isekla-ines ad ddren i wugar n 500 n yiseggasen.

## Tiwlafin

## Ismawen
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: *Tawalt* (s tseɣrucnit, *Aywal* neɣ *iwal* (s tcawit).

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
* Ayfez
* Tamerbuṭ
Tamerbuṭ

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Juniperus oxycedrus
*Isem-is s tefransist: Genévrier cade, Cèdre piquant
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Ṭaga
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Yemma Xliǧa (Tamguṭ)

**Yemma Xliǧa** neɣ **lalla Xliǧa** neɣ **Tamguṭ** akken i s-sawalen yimezdaɣ n tudrin i s-d-yezzin, d taqacuct tunnigt deg yidurar n Ǧerǧer, teflal s wazal n 2308 m ɣef weswir n yilel. Deg beṭṭu adeblan, taqacuct n Yemma Xliǧa tezga-d deg tɣiwant n Ṣaḥariǧ deg ugezdu n Tubiret.

## [[tasnettit|Aẓar n yisem]]
Yemma Xliǧa, tameṭṭut tamegdalt.

## Tarakalt

## Tasnakalt

## Tiwlafin

## Ẓeṛ daɣen

* Urti Aɣelnaw n Ǧeṛǧeṛ
2018

Aseggas **2018** d aseggas aḥerfi (365 n wussan). D aseggas wis 2018 deg wakud-agi-neɣ, d aseggas wis 18 deg wagim XXI (lqern 21) daɣen d aseggas wis 9 deg umrawseggas 2010 - 2019.

Tira n **2018** : « Sin igiman mraw ṭam »

= Tiswasin nniḍen =
Aseggas **2018** deg teswast tagrigurit (calendrier grégorien), iwulem i useggas n :

* 2968 deg teswast n Yimaziɣen (Aseggas amaynut n Yimaziɣen 2968, yusa-d ass n 12 yennayer 2018);
* 4715 - 4716 deg teswast n Yicinwaten (Aseggas amaynut n Yicinwaten 4716, yusa-d ass n 16 furar 2018);
* 1439 - 1440 deg teswast n Yinselmen (Aseggas amaynut n Yinselmen 1440, ad d-yas ass n 12 ctamber 2018).

= Ineḍruyen n 2018 =

## Yennayer

* 12 yennayer : Awanek Azzayri yerra yennayer n Yimaziɣen d tamaɣra taɣelnawt deg tmurt n Dzayer.
* 12 - 13 yennayer : Tifranin n uselway n tegduda n Čček (aḥric amenzu).
* 26 - 27 yennayer : Tifranin n uselway n tegduda n Čček (aḥric wissin).
* 27 yennayer : Ṭaliban tenɣa 100 n yemdanen deg Afɣanistan.
* 31 yennayer : Afsax n wayyur.

## Furar

## Meɣres

## Yebrir

## Mayyu

## Yunyu
* 14 yunyu - 15 yulyu : Taqbuct umaḍal n Ddabex uḍar deg Rusya

## Yulyu
* 15 yulyu : Fransa tewwi taqbuct umaḍal n Ddabex uḍar i d-yellan deg tmurt n Rusya.

## Ɣuct
* 2 ɣuct : Apple tuɣal d takebbanit tamenzut s 1000 imelyaren n dular.
* 11 ɣuct : Afsax n yiṭij, yettban-d seg tmura n ugafa n Turuft d tmura n Asya.

## Ctamber

## Tuber

## Wamber

## Dujamber
Muḥemmed u Ali

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Lathyrus odoratus
*Isem-is s tefransist: Pois de senteur
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Ajilban n yetbiren

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Lathyrus latifolius
*Isem-is s tefransist: Gesse à larges feuilles
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Ajilban n tsekkurt
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Tarselt

**Tarselt** neɣ **Tasselt** (assaɣ usnan: *Laurus nobilis*) imɣi yeṭṭafaren tawsit n Terselt deg tawacult n treslant yellan deg tafesna n tireslin, Tarselt d aseklu meqqren yettidiren aṭas n iseggasen, sxedmen-t igrikiyen d irumaniyen i tmugri n tinsafarin n usuji, Dɣa yettemɣayed deg tamiwin yezzin i yilel agrakal 

## Tiwlafin

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Laurus nobilis
*Isem-is s tefransist: Laurier sauce
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Ṛrend
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Iylan

## Isseqdac
Iferran n Terselt ttusxedmen d isafaren n wučči acku ttwarnun i wučči

## Tiwelhiwin
Anẓid

**Anziḍ** (**[[Assaɣ ussnan]]**: *sciurus*) d aɣersiw yeṭṭafaren asmil n temsutad akk d tfesna n temseɣẓaẓ, Dɣa amur ameqran n tudert-is yettidir-it deg waddagen,  
asallaf-is d aɣezfan yeččur, al imeẓẓuɣen-is zzin. Tilmas timeẓyanin llunt (seɛɛunt) azal n 8 sm, ma d timeqranin am tid deg tasya, ttawḍent ar 82 sm.

## Učči
Seg wučči-ynes, Anẓid yegguni s waṭas ɣef ugusim d wedren

## Tilmas n wenẓid
Nezmer ad naff ugar n 10 n telmest n yenẓiden]], gar-asen:

* Anẓid n Tmazɣa (*tlantoxerus getulus*)
* Anẓid amaylal (*Pteromyini*)
* Akulan (*Xerus erythropus*)
* Anẓid uwṛaɣ (*Callospermophilus lateralis*)
* Anẓid azeggaɣ (*Sciurus vulgaris*)