open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Uṭṭun abelkim

**Uṭṭun abelkim** d irem yettwasxdmen deg tsengama d tekrura i wakken ad yessken uṭṭun n teprutinin yellan deg weɣyay n ubelkim, uṭṭun abelkim daɣen d yesskanay uṭṭun amatan n iliktrunen deg ubelkim.

## Imniren
Adaruɣ

**Adaruɣ** d yal ageṭṭum n yiɣir akk d wazzeng, Azal-nsen yezmer ad yemgaraden i wakken ad efken tagrawt n igeṭṭumen s iylan yemgaraden
Azureɣ s usemyafa uararuɣ d ageṭṭum n yiɣir akk d uɣuzzer

## Iylan d inumaẓ

## Amezruy

## Assexdem-is deg tmugri n [[imsinger|yimsinegren]]
Asiɣ

**Asiɣ** d talɣa takerduzmirt yettwasxedm s wesɣaṛ neɣ wemɣuz neɣ uplastik i wurar, Akken daɣen itt-wadlegn (itt-uzewwqen) udmawen-is s uṭṭunen seg 1 ar 6 

## Uraren dgi yettwasxedm usiɣ
Aɣuzzer

**Aɣuzzer** neɣ **Azallu** neɣ **Ahallun** d aferdis akruran azamul-is **Sn**, uṭṭun-is abelkim **50** deg uyiren imezzi, Yettili deg ugama s waddad aquran, Deg tama takrurant yerwes (yettemcabi) ar sin iferdisen it-yudsen (it iqerben): Aldun d ujirmanium

## Amezruy

## Deg ugama

## Iylan ikruraren

## Iylan isengamen
Azureɣ

**Azureɣ** neɣ **azaruɣ** d talmest n igeṭman n yiɣir, ig lan tikwal iɣir d uzenneg d uɣuzzer
Dɣa afgan yella yessen u yessexdam azureɣ seg tallit n uzureɣ
Ageṭṭum

**Ageṭṭum** (Asget: **igeṭman**) d tiddukla gar n sin iferdisen ikruraren neɣ ugar, Maca yessefk deg yiwen deg-sen ad yili d asin, igeṭman ttilin lan (sɛan) iylan d isineyyen
Hidṛujin

**Hidṛujin** d aferdis akruran azamul-is **H** Uṭṭun-is abelkim **1**, Yezga-d deg tuzya tamezwart n iferdisen s-ufell n iferdisen n tegrawt tamezwart

## Amezruy

## Hidrujin deg ugama

## Iylan isengamen

## Iylan ikruraren
Anfed

**Anfed** d ageṭṭum n wuzzal ilan (yesɛan) timerniwin n ukaṛbun s wazal n (0,2% ar 2,0%) deg wazuk n ugeṭṭum ɣef aya yettili d aferdis amernaw agejdan yettwarnun ar igeṭman n unfed

## Iylan d inumaẓ

## Afaras n infed

## Tilmas n yinfed

## Deg tdamsa
Asin

**Asin** (metal) deg takrura d aferdis akruran izellin (yesruḥayen) tiliktrunin i wakken ad yeg (ad iɛell) t-ion-in tilawin akken daɣentella turza tasinayt gar n ibelkimen-is

## Iylan isengamen

## igeṭman
Akaṛbun

**Akaṛbun** d aferdis akruran azamul-is **C** Uṭṭun-is abelkim **6** Yezga-d deg tuzya tis 2 n iferdisen ɣef yixef n tegrawt tis 14 deg uyiren imezzi

## Iylan isengamen

## Iylan ikruraren
Azzeng

**Azzeng** (Zinc), Azamul akruran **Zn** n iferdisen n tezrart tamezwart deg isinen n tukkit annect-a ɣef tilin n tuzziyin d tilmawin deg tuzzya *d*

## Azzeng deg ugama

## Iylan isengamen

## Iylan ikruraren

## Afares

## Asemdu ɣef twennadṭ
Tamsuka takrurant

**Tamsuka takrurant** (S Teglizit: *Chemical structure*) d asnay n ibelkimen deg ucubar, deg tikwal ibelkimen-a ttilin ttwaqnen s turziwin tikruranin am turza tattekkant
Tamsuka takrurant tezmer ad tili seg temsuka tafrarant am icubaren tisinbelkimin am ucubar n Uksijin, Ar temsuka tukrist s waṭas am ucubar n Pṛutin
Taxeclawt

**Taxeclawt** deg takrura d tigget tameẓyant yakk n tenga takrurant, Yettarey (iḥerrez) tasuddest-is takrurant d iylan-is, Tiɣri n ucabur d tussna-ynes d ayla n tekrura, Akken daɣen tella tezrawt (tɣuri) iylan n ucabur s tsengama isem-is tasengama tacubrayt.

## Turza takrurant

## Imniren
Tasuddest takrurant

**Tasuddest takrurant** neɣ **tameddest takrurant** d irem akruran ilan (yesɛan) inumak yemgaraden i weglam n tenga takrurant neɣ i werway

## Tasuddest n tenga
Tasuddest takrurant i tenga tazedgant igellem-d tamassɣat iferdisen ikruraren id igellun s tenga ayyi

## Tasuddest n urway
Turza takrurant

**Turza takrurant** neɣ **Tuqqna takrurant** deg tekrura d tumant n tuṭṭfa d tdukla n ibelkimen deg ucubar 
Tuqqniwin tikruranin yakk ttuɣalent ar usedmer ar n iliktrunen yellan deg ubelkim, Dɣa iliktrunen-a d amur seg umezzay abelkam, Maca deg turza neɣ tuqqna iliktrunen gellund s umezzay acubran gar n sin n ibelkimen neɣ ugar

## Tilmas n turziwin tikruranin
Amezzay abelkam

**Amezzay abelkam** (s Teglizit: *Atomic Orbital*) d tasɣent id igellmen (id iweṣṣfen) tagamant tayyugant i wemussu (awliwel) n iliktrunen deg ubelkim
Tasɣent (tusnakt)

Deg tusnakt, Tasɣent d tafekka tasnakant i d-isgensisen assaɣ imisin i teqqnen yal aferdis seg tagruma yettwassmman tagruma n tbadut neɣ tagrawt n tbadut neɣ taɣult X \! s yiwen n uferdis deg tegrawt yettusemman tazdaɣult neɣ taɣult tamudemt. Neɣ s usemres n taftart tasnakant tamaddudt: f\colon X \rightarrow Y,x \mapsto f(x) \!

Seg usenmel-a, ttwafarasen-tt-d waṭas n tɣawsiwin tigejdanin:
* I yal amsedfar tagrawt tabadut tettwasemma X \!.
* I yal amsedfar n tegrawt n tezdaɣult tettwasemma Y\!.
* Ulamek ɣef uferdis seg tegrawt n tagruma X \! ad tettwaqqen anagar s uferdis amyiwen seg tegrawt n tezdaɣult  Y \!.
* Aferdis seg tegrawt n tezdaɣult  Y \! yezmer ad yettwiqqen s yiwen n uferdis neɣ ugar seg tegrawt n tegruma X \!.

Ma tella tegruma d tagrawt n wazalen  i yezmer umeskil imziregad yawi x, ihi tazdaɣult d tagrawt n wazalen unẓiren i wazalen n tesɣent f(x)\!.

## Imedyaten

## Irmawen

## Tilmas n tesɣanin

## Amezruy

## Tiwlafin

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Assaɣ imisin

**Assaɣ imisin** (s Teglizit: Binary Relation) d tagrawt n tyuga yesnin ig lan (yesɛan) iferdisen A.

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Abelkim

**Abellim** d tunt tameẓyant yakk deg uferdis akruran dgi yettwazmer ad yiweṭ ar ɣures, Yettarey (iḥerrez) iylan ikruraren i wferdis nni, 

## Tiẓri tabelkimt

## Isegran n ubelkim
Amezzay acubran

**Amezzay acubran** d tasɣent tusnakt id igellmen (id iweṣṣfen) tikeli n teyyugt aliktrunan deg krayen (kra n yiwen) n ucubar, Akken daɣen i yettwazmer usexdem n tesɣent-a deg usiden n iylan isengamen d ikruraren i wcubar 

## Tamuɣli tamatant

## Tamuɣli tamatant
Taftart takrurant

**Taftart takrurant** d tarrayt tasegzalt i wsenfali ɣef wuṭṭun n ibelkimen d telmest-is ig llan di kra n wuddis akruran, 
Yessenfalin f yal aferdis s uzamul-is akruran akken daɣen yettwaru zdats (s usrid) uṭṭun n ubelkim deg ucubar n uddis-a 
Deg waddad n tilin n ugar n yiwen n ubelkim deg yiwen n uferdis deg ucabur n uddis-a, imaren uṭṭun n ibelkimen yettware deg weyfus adday (n wadda) n n uferdis, Dɣa uṭṭun n wadda yessenfalin ɣef taftart n weglam, Ma d taftart yettusxedmen i wezrar n uddisen yemgaraden seg Yiwet ar tayedṭ s tiggtin tirmeskilin tettusemma "Taftart tamatant"
Tazrart-a tettusemma Tazrart tasnulut, ma d uṭṭun-is "Azamul n wesnulu"

## Ipulymren
Ɣef ayen yezzin f ipulymren ttwasersent tacciwin ɣef tiggtin yettulsen (yettuɛawden) 
Amdya: Hidṛukaṛbun yettugelmen akka: 
CH3(CH2)50CH3، D acubar yesɛa 50 n tiggtin tullsanin.
Azamul akruran

**Azamul akruran** d asegzel neɣ d asemẓi n yismawen n iferdisen ikruraren, 
Iferdisen igamanen yakk lan (sɛan) azamul dges yiwen n usekkil neɣ sin, Ma d iferdisen imaranen (uɛḍilen) lan 3 n isekkilen.

Izamulen ikruraren yakk llan deg uyiren imezzi yerna ttwasxedment deg tigda tikruranin 

2H_2 + O_2\ \rightarrow\ 2H_2O


Azamul akruran yezmer ad issemti (ad inbeddal) i wesanay (i wesbin) n kra n wenyat n uferdis
Asegzel (tutlayt)

**Asegzel** (Seg umyag *Segzel*) deg tutlayt d asemẓi n awal neɣ agraw n wawalen ɣer yiwen n usekkil neɣ agraw n isekkilen
Deg usegzel anagar awalen ur nli (ur nesɛi) azal d ameqran id yettwaksen

## Amdya
Tagda takrurant

**Yagda takrurant** d agenses i Tasedmirt takrurant s tegrawt n izamulen ikruraren d teftarin tikruranin
Tasedmirt takrurant

**Tasedmirt takrurant** d tuṛza n tuqqniwin tikruranin deg usasfay akruran i wfaras n tuqqniwin timaynutin deg tengiwin id yennulfan, Ayen id igellun s welfay n tengiwin timaynutin yemgaraden seg yeglamen-is (ṣṣifat-is) ikruraren d isengamen.
Asasfay akruran

**Asasfay akruran** d tanga takrurant yettwarnun ar uferdis i wselfu n tsedmirt takrurant neɣ i wkayad war tasedmirt,

## Amedya ɣef snat n tsedmirin
Akebri

**Tifrit** neɣ **Akebri** d aferdis akruran arasin, Azamul-is akruran **S**, Ma d uṭṭun -is abelkim **16**, Yettusexdem deg tmugri n ugari d tṭerqacin

## Iylan d inumaẓ

## Amezruy d ufaras
Agari

**Agari** yettwassen s (Lbaṛud *بارود*) d arway yessiɣin (iceɛɛlen) s tuzzla (lemɣawla) 

## Amezruy-is

## Isimilen-is
Arasin

**Arasin** (am: usin akk d uzunsin) d yiwet n tezrart takrurant ilan (yesɛan) kra n iylan d inumaẓ am ttwaqqna d ta-ion-ta 

Irasinen (asget n Arasin) ttwasnint ɣef uguni (ɣef leḥsab) n uṭṭun-is abelkam:

* Hidṛujin (H)

* Kaṛbun (C)

* Nitṛujin (N)

* Uksijin (O)

* Fusfuṛ (F)

* Tizefrit (S)

* Kluṛ (CI)

* Silinium (Si)

* Bṛum (Br)

* Iod (I)
Tazrart takrurant

**Tazrart takrurant** d tagrawt n iferdisen ikruraren yettalsen iglamen-is (yettbeddilen ṣṣifat-is) gar yal tazrart d tin id yettasen seld-is (mbeɛd-is) deg uyiren imezzi
Tizrarin tikruranin ttwasnirment send n wesnirem n uyiren imezzi id yettwasnulfun i wesnay n iferdisen yal yiwen s iylan-is ikruraren

## Tizrarin tikruranin
Anyat

**Anyat** neɣ **inyaten n iferdisen ikruraren** d talɣiwin n iferdisen ikruraren, abelkim-is yesɛa yiwen n uṭṭun abelkim (Z), Maca Kan temgarad deg tkura tabelkamt af tmentilt (af Ssebba) n wemgarad deg uṭṭun n tnyutrunin, Iylan ikruraren ur ttemgaraden ara d ubelkim yakk d unyat-is

## Amgarad n iylan gar n [[anyat|inyaten]]
Tazrart tasnulut

**Tazrart tasnulut** deg tekrura d tazrart n uddisen ikruraren yezdin (icerken) deg iylan, igmanen n tezrart-a mgaraden s wazal n tkura tacubrant tarmeskilt
Talkanin, Tilkinin, Talkynin yakk d tizrarin isnullin yemgaraden deg igmanen-is s wazal n 10, 12, 14 i yal tigget n tkura tabelkamt s wesnay
Amdya: Tazrart n tilkinin tessentu (tbeddu) s Umitan (CH4), ɣer itan (C2H6), Prupan (C3H8), Abutan (C4H10), Pintan (C5H12)

uddisen yellan deg yal tazrart zdin deg Yiwet n tegrawt tameẓyant n ibelkimen yettusemman tagrawt tamesɣant
Azal ameqran n iylan ikruraren i wuddisen igmanen ttuɣalen ar tegrawt-a tamellilt



Tizrarin tisnulanin Taftart tamatant AmdyaTagrawt tamellilt


Talkanin
CnH2n+2 (dgi n yuger neɣ yegda 1)
CH4, n=1



 Talkinin
CnH2n (dgi n yuger neɣ yegda 2)
C2H4, n=2
C = C


Tiɣismin
CnH2n+2O (dgi n yuger neɣ yegda 1)
CH4O, n=1
 OH-


izeffaren ikaṛbuksiliyen
CnH2nO2 (dgi n yuger  neɣ yegda 1)
CH2O2, n=1
 COOH-



Dgi n yesgenses uṭṭun n ibelkimen n Ukaṛbun.
Azrar

**Azrar'': ([[Unti]]: **Tazrart''') d tasdest neɣ tamaqqant yettuqnen ta ar tayedṭ, Tettuxdem-d s kra n imɣuzen am wuzzal d wenfed

## Anulfu
Tazrart tennulfa-d seg 225 st
Send n tlallit

**Send n tlallit** d amezruy yettwasnen s tallit yezwarem talalit n Ɛisa, Asgezl-is s Teqbaylit: ST.

Tallit id yusan deffir-s (Seld talallit n Mass Yissu) d tallit tagrigurant
Aklil

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Rosmarinus officinalis
*Isem-is s tefransist: Romarain
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit:
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Tuzart

**Tuzart** (Asget: Tuzzar) neɣ **Tazarect** (Asget: **Tizarcin**) d afecku yettwasxdmen deg wučči, Tla (tesɛa) azal n 3 neɣ 4 n tsegnatin yettadamen učči

Tuzzar ttwaxdamen-t s kra  n yimɣuzen am wuzzal neɣ Aplastik neɣ tikwal ula ma s uṛeɣ d uẓref
Tissegnit n tgini

**Tissegnit** (Asget: **Tissegnatin**), (amalay: **issegni**) d afecki amɣzan yettilin s tiddiyin yemgaraden, Tettwasxdem deg tgini

## Anulfu

## Amezruy
Tigini

**Tigini** d tamhelt n tuqqna n iselsa d ilemsiren neɣ kra n tengiwin iden s usexdem n tsegnit n tgini yakk d uɣris

## Amezruy n tgini
Asexdem amezwar n tgini yettuɣal ar tallit tamzikt (30000 iseggasen send n tlallit), Dɣa tezwar tuẓda n iselsa
Aɣris

**Aɣris** (Asget: **iɣrisen** neɣ **Tinelli** (Asget: **Tinelwa**) d tarebbut (tarbaɛt) n isirgen neɣ n kra n tingiwin iden yelhan i temhalt n uẓeṭṭa neɣ n tgini

## Ẓeṛ daɣen

* Iselsa

* Alemsir

* Isirg
Isirg

**Isireg** (Asget: **isirgen**) d iɣrisen usdiden (irqaqen), Dɣa iɣrisen twaxdmen-d s usdukkel n tarebbut (tarbaɛt) n waṭas n isirgen,

wekdu n isirgen tla (tesɛa) gar 11 ar 50 n imikṛumitren ma d tiddi-nsen seg 2.2 cm ar waṭas n imilen
Isirg yettusexdem deg  waṭasn tnugriwin yemgaraden am tferka d iɣrisen
Isirg asekdan

**isirg asekdan** (Asget: **isirgen isekdanen**) d isirgen id yettuxdemen s temzukt zeddigen s waṭas, isirg asekdan d aɣezfan yerna yusdid (rqiq) s waṭas neɣ annect n weẓad n ucebbub

## Amezruy

## Asexdem
Turza tattekkant

**Turza tattekkant** d Yiwet n talɣa deg turziwin tikruranin tettuyel (tuttumeyyez) s uttekki n tyuga neɣ ugar n iliktrunen gar n ibelkimen ayen id igellun s uledday adisan yxeddmen deg twaṭṭfa d twaqqna n ucubar

## Amezruy

## Asnay n turza tattekkant

## Taɣuri n tuzra
Akdu

**Akdu** (Asget: **ikda**) deg tawinest neɣ deg tsegla (takurt) neɣ deg tzunglayt d tigezzumin tusridin itteqqnen gar n snat n tẓunin deg twinest (nɣe tsegla neɣ tzunglayt), Tzerri-d seg wammas, S wakka ad yili d iseddi id izerrin seg wammas.

**Artagarayt n wekdu n twinest**
Yal tawinest tla (tesɛa) uṭṭun aragaray n yikda.

## Azamul n wekdu

Yekka-d seg usekkil Askindinav *Ø* neɣ tagrawt tilemt *∅*.

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Takura tacubrant

**Takura tacubrant** deg tekrura i tenga d Takura n ucubar deg tenga ayyi tettwayla (tettwansab) ar tigget n tkura tabelkamt (u yegda 1/12 n tkura n ubelkim n ukarbun-12 (s telɣa taftart: *Takura tacubrant d tagrawt n [[azuk|izuken]] n [[abelkim|ibelkimen]] deg [[acubar|ucubar]]*)

Yertuzmer usiden n tkura tacubrant d akken-it d tagrawt n izuken ibelkamen i yibelkimen yellan deg yal acubar, Akken daɣen yettwazmer wakat n tkura tacubrant srid s usexdem n tamseggwa n tkura 

Deg tmseggwa n tkura, Takura tacubrant i tcubranin timeẓyanin (s ddaw n 200 ibelkimen i kra n iferdisen) tettili d tiseddit
Uddis agman

**Uddis agman** d yal uddis dgi icubar-is lan (sɛan) akaṛbun (s unagar n Ukaṛbid, Kaṛbunat, Asnuksid n ukaṛbun, Bikaṛbunat, Syanat).
Tiɣri n uddis agman tettusemma Takrura tagmant, Yerna aṭas n uddisen-a am: Tepṛutinin, ilipiden akk d ikaṛbuhidren lant (sɛant) azal muqqren deg tussna n  tekrudert

Irem n **agman** d awal amezray yettuɣalen ar uwines wis 17 

Azal ameqran n uddisen igmanen zeddigen twasxdamen-d s tamugri|tmugri]] ɣas akken isem-is *Agman* (ẓeṛ taseddat tagmant)
Ddarja n Tefriqt Ugafa

**Ddarja n Tefriqt Ugafa** neɣ **Taɛrabt n Utaram** (s teɛrabt taklasikt: اللهجات المغاربية) d agraw n tutlayin neɣ n tantaliwin ttemcabint u kkant deg twacult n tutlayin Ticamitin-Tisamin. Ttwasmersent deg Tefriqt Ugafa akked uneẓruf n Tiniri neɣ n Ṣṣeḥra. Mgirdent aṭas ɣef tutlayin n Usammer Alemmas. Sttewlent s yiwen unadday amaziɣ akked alatin (tutlayt tarumit n Tefriqt) i yeɛnan kan tamnaḍt.
## Tiwelhiwin
Tagrawt tamesɣant

**Tagrawt tamesɣant** deg takrura tagmant d tigrawin tuzzigin n ibelkimen deg icubar yellan d tamasayt ɣef iylan n icubar d tikeli-ynes deg tsedmirin tikruranin d icubar n iden,

## Tafelwit (Ayiren)
Tafelwit-a dges umuɣ n tegrawin timesɣanin yettwasnen yakk s waṭas, sin n izamulen R, R' Ahidṛujin neɣ tazrart uhidṛukaṛrbun yeqqnen d tegrawt tamesɣant s yal teɣzi, Maca tezmer daɣen ad tsegenses deg tikawl n iden yal tagrawt n ibelkimen

Azamul R d asegzel n wawal *Rest* deg Tegnizit
Alkan

**Alkan** deg tekrura tagmant d uddis uhidṛukaṛbun yettusṛwan,Qqnen dges ibelkimen n ukaṛbun yal yiwet ar tayedṭ

Dɣa d tilkinin yugaren Talkanin deg wermud, Annect-a yettuɣal ar turza tattekkant yellan deg tlkinin deg wakud dgi ulac-iten-t deg telkanin

## Isemawen n telkanin
**Isemawen n tiddukla tagreɣlant**

Yettfakka yisen n Ulkan s tmedfert "An", Tisɣensin tisridin n telkanin dgi yella 8 (neɣ ddaw n 8) n ibelkimen n ukaṛbun ttusemmant af tguni n tfelwit-a
Takrura tagmant

**Takimit tagmant** d yiwen n wengaz n tkimit , iylan d tsedmirt n uddisen akk d tengiwin tigmanin (Tingiwin ilan (yesɛan) akaṛbun) akken daɣen id tefka azal i tsedmirin ikecmen deg temsuka n imuddiren neɣ id itt-ffɣen deg-sent

## Asismel n tengiwin tigmanin
**Aglam d yisem**
Megadeth

**Megadeth** d tarbaɛt tamarikanit n thrash metal seg Los Angeles, California. Dave Mustaine (Yella yettiki deg Metallica) akked David Ellefson xelqen-tt deg 1983. Tarbaɛt-a tettiki i "Big Four" ("rebɛa imeqqranen") akked tlata nniḍen: Metallica, Slayer akked Anthrax.

## Tadiskugrafit
* *[[Killing Is My Business... and Business Is Good!]]* (1985)
* *[[Peace Sells... but Who's Buying?]]* (1986)
* *[[So Far, So Good... So What!]]* (1988)
* *[[Rust in Peace]]* (1990)
* *[[Countdown to Extinction]]* (1992)
* *[[Youthanasia]]* (1994)
* *[[Cryptic Writings]]* (1997)
* *[[Risk (Megadeth album)|Risk]]* (1999)
* *[[The World Needs a Hero]]* (2001)
* *[[The System Has Failed]]* (2004)
* *[[United Abominations]]* (2007)
* *[[Endgame (Megadeth album)|Endgame]]* (2009)
* *[[Thirteen (Megadeth album)|Thirteen]]* (2011)
* *[[Super Collider (album)|Super Collider]]* (2013)
* *[[Dystopia (Megadeth album)|Dystopia]]* (2016)
* *[[The Sick, the Dying... and the Dead!]]* (2022)
* *Megadeth* (2026)
Slayer

**Slayer** d tarbaɛt tamarikanit n thrash metal seg Huntington Park, California. Xelqen-tt Tom Araya d Kerry King d Jeff Hanneman deg useggas n 1981. Tarbaɛt-a tettiki i "Big Four" ("rebɛa imeqqranen") akked tlata nniḍen: Metallica, Megadeth akked Anthrax.

## Tadiskugrafit
* *[[Show No Mercy]]* (1983)
* *[[Hell Awaits]]* (1985)
* *[[Reign in Blood]]* (1986)
* *[[South of Heaven]]* (1988)
* *[[Seasons in the Abyss]]* (1990)
* *[[Divine Intervention (album)|Divine Intervention]]* (1994)
* *[[Undisputed Attitude]]* (1996)
* *[[Diabolus in Musica]]* (1998)
* *[[God Hates Us All]]* (2001)
* *[[Christ Illusion]]* (2006)
* *[[World Painted Blood]]* (2009)
* *[[Repentless]]* (2015)
Amitan

**Amitan** d uddis akruran igan d afraran deg Tehidṛukaṛbunin, U Netta d agaz ilan taftart takrurant  CH4, Mitan azedgan ur ili ara (ur yesɛa ara) tikdi (rriḥa), Maca mara ad yettusexdem deg uzenzu yettwarway d tifrit ilan tikida
Venom

**Venom** d tarbaɛt tagnizit n heavy metal. Tettwaxlq deg useggas n 1978 deg temdint n Newcastle upon Tyne. Aḍebsi wis sin n Venom, Black Metal, yefka-d isem-is i ṣṣenf ajdid deg heavy metal: back metal.

## Tadiskugrafit
* *[[Welcome to Hell]]* (1981)
* *[[Black Metal (album)|Black Metal]]* (1982)
* *[[At War with Satan]]* (1984)
* *[[Possessed (Venom album)|Possessed]]* (1985)
* *[[Calm Before the Storm (Venom album)|Calm Before the Storm]]* (1987)
* *[[Prime Evil (album)|Prime Evil]]* (1989)
* *[[Temples of Ice]]* (1991)
* *[[The Waste Lands (album)|The Waste Lands]]* (1992)
* *[[Cast in Stone]]* (1997)
* *[[Resurrection (Venom album)|Resurrection]]* (2000)
* *[[Metal Black]]* (2006)
* *[[Hell (Venom album)|Hell]]* (2008)
* *[[Fallen Angels (Venom album)|Fallen Angels]]* (2011)
* *[[From the Very Depths]]* (2015)
* *Storm the Gates* (2018)
Master of Puppets

***Master Of Puppets*** d isem n uḍebsi wis tlata n Metallica, yeffeɣ-d deg useggas n 1986.

## Umuɣ n tizlatin
Ride the Lightning

***Ride the Lightning*** d isem n uḍebsi wis sin n Metallica, yeffeɣ-d deg useggas n 1984.

## Umuɣ n tizlatin
Alkin

**Alkin** deg tekrura tagmant d ahidṛukaṛbun ur nettwaseṛwu, Dges ma drus yiwet n turza (ttwaqqna) timisint gar n sin n ibelkimen n ukaṛbun.
Dɣa tilkinin tifrarin ilan (yesɛan) yiwet n turza tusligt gellunt-d s tazrart tasnulut u tilkinin lant (sɛant) taftart takrurant tamatant **C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n</sub>**.

Tilkinin tifrarin yakk d win yettusemman itilin, Maca isem-is deg tdukla tagreɣlant i tekrura tuzdigt d tusnist IUPAC d *itin*

## Iylan ikruraren d isengamen
Metallica (Aḍebsi)

***Metallica*** (Mechur s yisem ***The Black Album***) d isem n uḍebsi wis xemsa n Metallica, yeffeɣ-d deg useggas n 1991.

## Umuɣ n tizlatin
Iron Maiden

**Iron Maiden** d tarbaɛt tagnizit n heavy metal seg Leyton, London. Yexleq-itt Steve Harris deg useggas n 1975.

## Tadiskugrafit
* *[[Iron Maiden (album)|Iron Maiden]]* (1980)
* *[[Killers (Iron Maiden album)|Killers]]* (1981)
* *[[The Number of the Beast (album)|The Number of the Beast]]* (1982)
* *[[Piece of Mind]]* (1983)
* *[[Powerslave]]* (1984)
* *[[Somewhere in Time (Iron Maiden album)|Somewhere in Time]]* (1986)
* *[[Seventh Son of a Seventh Son]]* (1988)
* *[[No Prayer for the Dying]]* (1990)
* *[[Fear of the Dark (Iron Maiden album)|Fear of the Dark]]* (1992)
* *[[The X Factor (album)|The X Factor]]* (1995)
* *[[Virtual XI]]* (1998)
* *[[Brave New World (Iron Maiden album)|Brave New World]]* (2000)
* *[[Dance of Death (album)|Dance of Death]]* (2003)
* *[[A Matter of Life and Death (album)|A Matter of Life and Death]]* (2006)
* *[[The Final Frontier]]* (2010)
* *[[The Book of Souls]]* (2015)
**[[Senjutsu]]* (2021)
Judas Priest

**Judas Priest** d tarbaɛt tagnizit n heavy metal. Tettwaxleq deg useggas n 1969 deg temdint n West Bromwich.

## Tadiskugrafit
**[[Rocka Rolla]]* (1974)
**[[Sad Wings of Destiny]]* (1976)
**[[Sin After Sin]]* (1977)
**[[Stained Class]]* (1978)
**[[Killing Machine]]* (1978)
**[[British Steel (album)|British Steel]]* (1980)
**[[Point of Entry]]* (1981)
**[[Screaming for Vengeance]]* (1982)
**[[Defenders of the Faith]]* (1984)
**[[Turbo (Judas Priest album)|Turbo]]* (1986)
**[[Ram It Down]]* (1988)
**[[Painkiller (Judas Priest album)|Painkiller]]* (1990)
**[[Jugulator]]* (1997)
**[[Demolition (Judas Priest album)|Demolition]]* (2001)
**[[Angel of Retribution]]* (2005)
**[[Nostradamus (album)|Nostradamus]]* (2008)
**[[Redeemer of Souls]]* (2014)
**[[Firepower (album)|Firepower]]* (2018)
**Invincible Shield* (2024)
Death

**Death** tella d tarbaɛt tamarikanit n death metal seg Orlando, Florida. Yexleq-itt Chuck Schuldiner deg useggas n 1983. Tarbaɛt-a tettwaḥsab am tarbaɛt tamezwarut n death metal.

## Tadiskugrafit
**[[Scream Bloody Gore]]* (1987)
**[[Leprosy (album)|Leprosy]]* (1988)
**[[Spiritual Healing (album)|Spiritual Healing]]* (1990)
**[[Human (Death album)|Human]]* (1991)
**[[Individual Thought Patterns]]* (1993)
**[[Symbolic (Death album)|Symbolic]]* (1995)
**[[The Sound of Perseverance]]* (1998)
Burzum

**Burzum** tella d tarbaɛt n black metal seg tmurt n Nurwij. Yexleq-itt Varg Vikernes deg useggas n 1991 u iseḥbes-itt deg 2018. 

## Tadiskugrafit
Litham

**Litham** tella d tarbaɛt tazzayrit n death metal. Tettwaxleq deg useggas n 1996 deg temdint n dzayer. Ssufɣen yiwen uḍebsi deg useggas 1999 (Dhal Ennar) akked sin n Demo deg yiseggasen n 2002 d 2006. Ḥebsen deg useggas n 2008.
Orphaned Land

**Orphaned Land** d tarbaɛt n heavy metal seg tmurt n Yisrayel. Tettwaxleq deg useggas n 1991 s yisem *Resurrection* (beddlen-t deg 1992).

## Tadiskugrafit
* 1994 : **'
* 1996 : ''El Norra Alila''
* 2004 : ''Mabool''
* 2010 : **'
* 2013 : **'
* 2016 : **'
* 2018 : *Unsung Prophets & Dead Messiahs*
Kreator

**Kreator** d tarbaɛt n thrash metal seg tmurt n Lalman, tettwaxleq deg useggas n 1982. Ṣṣut-nsen yettcabi aṭas i ṣṣut n terbaɛin tilmanin nniḍen am Destruction, Sodom neɣ Tankard.

## Tadiskugrafit
**[[Endless Pain]]* (1985)
**[[Pleasure to Kill]]* (1986)
**[[Terrible Certainty]]* (1987)
**[[Extreme Aggression]]* (1989)
**[[Coma of Souls]]* (1990)
**[[Renewal (album)|Renewal]]* (1992)
**[[Cause for Conflict]]* (1995)
**[[Outcast (Kreator album)|Outcast]]* (1997)
**[[Endorama]]* (1999)
**[[Violent Revolution]]* (2001)
**[[Enemy of God (album)|Enemy of God]]* (2005)
**[[Hordes of Chaos (album)|Hordes of Chaos]]* (2009)
**[[Phantom Antichrist]]* (2012)
**[[Gods of Violence]]* (2017)
**Hate Über Alles* (2022)
Darkthrone

**Darkthrone** d tarbaɛt n black metal seg tmurt n Nurwij, tettwaxleq deg useggas n 1986 s yisem Black Death, llan tturaren death metal. Deg 1991 beddlen style-nsen ɣer black metal seddaw l'influence n terbaɛin am Bathory neɣ Celtic Frost.

## Tadiskugrafit
* 1990 : **'
* 1992 : **'
* 1993 : **'
* 1994 : **'
* 1995 : **'
* 1996 : **'
* 1997 : **'
* 1999 : **'
* 2000 : **'
* 2001 : **'
* 2003 : **'
* 2004 : **'
* 2006 : **'
* 2007 : **'
* 2008 : **'
* 2008 : **'
* 2010 : **'
* 2013 : **'
* 2016 : **'
* 2019 : **'
* 2021 : **'
* 2022 : **'
Lelahell

**Lelahell** d tarbaɛt tazzayrit n death metal. Yexleq-itt Reḍwan (Litham) deg useggas n 2010 deg temdint n lezzayer.

## Tadiskugrafit
* 2012: Al Intihar (EP)
* 2014: Al Insane​.​.​. The (Re​)​Birth of Abderrahmane
* 2018: Alif
Tarubia

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Rubia peregrina 
*Isem-is s tefransist: Garance sauvage, Garance voyageuse
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Inijjel

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Rubus ulmifolius
*Isem-is s tefransist: Ronce commune 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Tujjal neɣ Tizwal (issem n uɛeqqa)
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Asemmum

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Rumex bucephalophorus
*Isem-is s tefransist: Oseille tête de boeuf
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Tasemmumt taṛqiqant
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Tasemmumt n yezgaren

## Tilmas
*

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Rumex pulcher, Rumex acetosella, Rumex tuberosus
*Isem-is s tefransist: Oseille gracieuse, Petite oseille, Oseille tubereuse
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Tasemmumt
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Azeffar akaṛbuksilin

**Izeffaren ikaṛbuksilinen** d izeffaren igmanen yellan deg usismel n tegrawt n ukaṛbuksil tamesɣant (COOH), Yettak-d i weprutun taftart-is tamatant R-, d asemselsay ya d aẓaṛ alkylan neɣ d abelkim n uhidṛujin, Dɣa yettili s waṭas deg ugama.

## Iglamen isengamen
* Izeffaren ikaṛbuksilinen d uddisen imzzugliyen, s wakka zemren ad gen (ad xedmen) turza tahidṛujint gar n icubar.
* Deg tseddarin yeflalen (iɛlayen) n wezɣal izeffaren ikaṛbuksilinen ttilin deg talɣa n uddis imisin n teftart tacubrant.
Sepultura

**Sepultura** tella d tarbaɛt n heavy metal seg tmurt n brazil. Xelqen-tt watamaten Max akked Igor Cavalera deg useggas n 1984. Deg umezruy-nsen uraren aṭas leṣnaf n heavy metal: groove metal, death metal akked thrash metal, yuɣ lḥal bdan s black metal.

## Tadiskugrafit
* *[[Morbid Visions]]* (1986)
* *[[Schizophrenia (Sepultura album)|Schizophrenia]]* (1987)
* *[[Beneath the Remains]]* (1989)
* *[[Arise (Sepultura album)|Arise]]* (1991)
* *[[Chaos A.D.]]* (1993)
* *[[Roots (Sepultura album)|Roots]]* (1996)
* *[[Against (album)|Against]]* (1998)
* *[[Nation (Sepultura album)|Nation]]* (2001)
* *[[Roorback]]* (2003)
* *[[Dante XXI]]* (2006)
* *[[A-Lex]]* (2009)
* *[[Kairos (album)|Kairos]]* (2011)
* *[[The Mediator Between Head and Hands Must Be the Heart]]* (2013)
* *[[Machine Messiah (album)|Machine Messiah]]* (2017)
**[[Quadra]]* (2020)
Arereǧ

**Arereǧ** neɣ **Arejraj** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Ruscus aculeatus**) d yiwet n telmest meẓẓiyen n tmedkin timeɣlalin n tizzegzut tisnazduɣin yeṭṭafaren tawsit n urejraj deg twacult n tzikmin (neɣ n tsisanin s unect n usesmel aklasikan). Talmest-a tettemɣay-d deg yideggan yezzin i yilel agrakal.

## Aglam

## Asedger d yideggan n wemɣay

## Asemres

## Tiwlafin

## Imniren

## Ẓeṛ daɣen

## Tilmas
*
Awermi

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Ruta chalepensis, Ruta graveolens
*Isem-is s tefransist: Rue à feuilles étroites, Rue des jardins
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Fijel
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Azeffar agman

**Azeffar agman** d yal uddis agman ilan (yesɛan) iylan d izefranen, Izeffaren yettwassnen yakk s waṭas d Izeffaren ikaṛbuksilinen yettilin s talɣa n R-COOH 

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Azeffar n tridikanuyk

* Azeffar avaksinik

* Azeffar n irusik
Tafsent

**Tafessant** neɣ **Tafsent** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Salix alba**) d talmest n isekla yeṭṭafaren tawsit n tsemlel. Talmest-a tettemɣay-d deg yideggan igrawayen n tamiwin timnummsanin.

## Aglam

## Ideggan n wemɣay

## Asexdem

## Tiwlafin

## Tiwelhiwin
Agurim

**Agurim** neɣ **Butenzarin** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Salvia officinalis**) d yiwet n telmest n imɣan yeṭṭafaren tawsit n tazzurt. Dɣa tawsit-a d tin yeṭṭafaren twacult n temcenfar.

## Aglam
Agurim iga d imɣi asaɣur amazray. Tiddi-ynes tga s ddaw n waddud n temdikt. iferran-is zgan d izegzawen neɣ d izunɣiden deg tikwal nniden

## Ideggan n wemɣay
Talmest-a d tin yettemɣayen s talɣa timezdit deg ugafa n Lezzayer (yakk d Tmurt n Iqbayliyen d ugafa n Tuness yakk d Umeṛṛuk, d Urupa tutrimt akken yettwasekcem ar kra n tamiwin deg Uruppa tasemrant

## Asismel

## Asexdem
Kra n iɣerfan n zik am igriken d iṛumanen sxedmen imɣi ayyi i tuqqsiwin n izerman

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Imi n waryel

 

## Tiwelhiwin
Asemselsay

**Asemselsay** deg takrudert d abelkim neɣ d ibelkimen dgi yettwales (yettubeddel) ubelkim n uhidṛujin deg tezrart n uhidṛukaṛbun

Yettusexdem timedfert **AY** (yennumken: Yettwaqqnen ar) i wsiseɣ (i wsemmi) n uddisen igmanen ilan (yesɛan) turza neɣ tuqqna tamyiwent tasemselsayt i wbelkim n uhidṛujin, U tettusexdem **Ylidene** neɣ **Ylydine** i senfali ɣef turza tamsint de turza tamkṛadt ɣef tikkelt
Imi n waryel

**Imi n waryel** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Salvia verbenaca**) d talmest n imɣan yeṭṭafaren tawsit n tazzurt, Dɣa tawsit-a d tin yettekkan deg twacult n temcenfar.

## Aglam

## Ideggan n wemɣay

## Tiwlafin

## Tasensartut

## Isseqdac

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Takrudert

**Takrudert** (d awal uddis seg *takrura* + *tudert*) d angaz deg tusniwin tigmawin yeɣɣaren tasuddest takrurant i yizegnan d imuren n tebniqt n yal amuddir ama d afgan neɣ d aɣersiw neɣ d imɣan
Tizzugla (takrura)

**Tizzugla** deg aggay azruran s unur deg ucubar, Ayen yettawin ad yell (ad yesɛu) asenasfaylu azruran, icubar ttwaqqanen s tdusi tagarcubrabt tasfaylut akk d turza tahidṛujint, Tizzugla tacubrant tegguni ɣef wemgarad n tibawit tazarurt i ibelkimen yemgaraden id yetgin acubar
Alkyl

**Alkyl** d aẓaṛ amyiwen n tugdut yesɛan abelkim n ukaṛbun d uhidṛujin yettwasnin deg telɣa n tezrart, Talkylin tgint-d (xeddment-d) tazrart tasnulut, Yerna tesɛa tagda CnH2n+1

## Timeskiwt n wAlkylen

## Ismawen n wAlkylen
Tugdut (takrura)

**Tugdut** deg tekrura d tadusi n ubelkim (deg yal aferdis) deg tiddukla yakk d ibelkimen n iden, Dɣa anecta yettuket s wuṭṭun n iliktṛunen ara ad tefk neɣ ad tekkes i wbelkim i wakken ad teg turza takrurant, Anect-a yuɣal ar waṭas n ilmawen yellan deg tissi n tugdut
Axilwan

**Turwagt** neɣ **Axilwan** neɣ **Ilmicki** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Sambucus nigra**) d talmest n yimɣan yeṭṭafaren tawsit n yisemlel. Talmest-a d tin i d-ittemɣayen deg Uruppa d Asya tutrimin d Tferka n ugafa.

## Aglam

## Asemres

## Tiwlafin

## Ẓeṛ daɣen

## Tiwelhiwin
Tara ur sebzagen waman

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Sanguisorba minor 
*Isem-is s tefransist: Pimprenelle
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Tagetutlayt

**Tagetutlayt** d tilin n ugar n snat n tutlayin n igarawen yemgaraden deg yiwen n umsiwel, Seg tmura dgi tella tagtutlay tamurt n Biljik

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tasnutlayt
Tasedmirt tagmant

**Tasedmirt tagmant** d tisedmirin tikruranin dgi timsedmirin-is d ifariwen-is d uddisen igmanen, takrura tagmant tagejdant tla tisedmirin tifrarin am tasedmirt n twaksa, tsedmirt n tmerniwt, tasedmirt n usemselsi akk d tasedmirt n ulsasnay, Ma deg tseddast tagmant ttwasxedment tisedmirin tigmanin d tukrisin i tsuddest n uddisen igmanen.

Tasedmirt tamzikt (taqdimt) deg tasedmirt tigmanin d tasedmirt n tmeṛɣiwt n imerɣi agran d tsedmirt n tissiredt (saponification) i tmugri n tserradin 

## Tilmas n tsedmirin tigmanin
Tasedmirt n twaksa

**Tasedmirt n twaksa** d talmest n tsedmirin tigmanin dgi tettili twaksa n snat n tcubarin deg ucubar aẓaṛan deg yiwen n userrif neɣ sin n iserrifen, s wakka ad yelfu uraseṛwu n ucubar 

Tamahilt-a tettusemma Tawaksa tafnazayt, Tella telmest s wazal-is n tsedmirin n twaksa tla talkanin s talɣa tamatant yakk d tagrawt n tanaft yessedmiren d ilugan n Lewis i wakken ad tgi (ad ttexdem) alkin

Tettwassen (tettusemma) tzukt n userrif amyiwen d umsin s tsedmirin E1 reaction d E2 reaction, s wesnay

## Tazukt E1

* Aserrif amezwar:
 (CH3)3C-Br
→ (CH3)3C+ + Br-

* Aserrif wis sin :
 (CH3)3C+
→ (CH3)2C=CH2 + H+


## Tazukt E2

 (CH3 - CH2 - Br) + OH- →
CH2=CH2 + H2O + Br-
Aseṛwu

**Aseṛwu** deg tekrura tesɛa 3 n inumak. Yakk deg-sen ɣur-sen assaɣ ar tuwda ar tfellayt.

1) deg takrura tasengamt: D tiẓunt yettuxalen d amerway n yal tanga, yezmer ad yessefsi timerniwin deg sent, Tizunt-a tettusemma Tiẓunt n talamut.
Tagrawt n tanaft

**Tagrawt n tanaft** d abelkim neɣ d acubar yettuẓunen (yttuferqen) ɣef ucubar agman

U yal Mara ad tedrusi (ad tenqes) pK<sub>a</sub> i wzeffar anaftay ad temɣur tizmert n tegrawin n tanaft
Azeffar anaftay

**Azeffar anaftay** deg tiẓri n Brønsted-Lowry i yizeffaren d ilugan HX, ilan tayuga n uddisen yettsuqulen gar asent s twaksa neɣ s tmerna n upṛutun
Timeṛɣiwt

**Timeṛɣiwt** neɣ **Tiṛɣi** d tasedmirt takrurant gar n snat n tnegwa ayen id igellun s wezɣal d walluy n waggu d ufeǧǧij

## Tisedmirin n tmeṛɣiwt
Timeṛɣiwt n tenga d tasedmirt takrurant yetrilin s tilin n Uksijin O2 Akaṛbun C d uhidṛujin H2.

Amdya timeṛɣiwt tasemmadt n Umitan

: CH4 + 2O2 -> CO2 +2H2O

**Timeṛɣiwt tasemmadt**

D timeṛɣiwt tasemmadt dgi yettili Uksijin icaṭ i wezday d ubelkim] n ukaṛbun d uhidrujin am tmeṛɣiwt tasemmadt n Umitan

: CH4 + 2O2 -> CO2 +2H2O
4 yebrir

## Inelfuyen

* 1949: Azmul (astenyi) ɣef umtawa n Tuddsa n temsisit n ugafa anaṭlas g Washington DC
Timerdedda

**Timerdedda** (Asuf: **Timerdeddiwt**) d amuddir id yettefruruxen seg tmellalt n timankalin am wegru d taydest d umqerqur, Tamerdeddiwt deg tazwara tettili d taderɣalt yerna imi-ynes ur yekmil ara, ytečč tewreɣ yettilin deg tfekka-ynes i wazal n 10 wussan imezwura n tudert-is
Tewreɣ

**Tewreɣ** neɣ **Afareẓ** d tanga tawṛaɣt yettilin deg tmellalt, Ma d tanga tamellal id as-d-yezzin isem-is imlel

## Azal imečči n tewreɣ
Agertil

**Agertil** d taṛakna tameẓyant id yettwaẓṭen s udid, Yettusexdem ugertil di tɣimit neɣ i yiṭes

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Asɣim

* Aruku
Udid

**Udid** d yiwen n telmest tamzikt (taqburt) n tferkit id yettuxdemen seg imɣi n udid 

Udid yella Yettusexdem seg zik sɣuṛ imiẓranen imzikiyen aladɣa deg wasafi n Nnil
Taṛakna

**Taṛakna** d yiwet n telmest n uruku yettwassun i wegnes n wexxam

## Tilmas-is
* Sanayi Tipi Halı Yıkama Makineleri Sanayi Tipi Halı Yıkama Makineleri

## Tamugri-ynes
Pantera

**Pantera** tella d tarbaɛt tamarikanit n heavy metal seg temdint n Arlington, Texas. Deg useggas n 1981, xelqen-tt watmaten Abbott – Vinnie Paul d Dimebag Darrell – akked taɣuct tamezwarut n terbaɛt: Terry Glaze (ixelf-it Phil Anselmo deg useggas n 1986). Ḥebsen deg useggas n 2003.

## Tadiskugrafit
* *[[Metal Magic]]* (1983)
* *[[Projects in the Jungle]]* (1984)
* *[[I Am the Night (aḍebsi)|I Am the Night]]* (1985)
* *[[Power Metal (aḍebsi)|Power Metal]]* (1988)
* *[[Cowboys from Hell]]* (1990)
* *[[Vulgar Display of Power]]* (1992)
* *[[Far Beyond Driven]]* (1994)
* *[[The Great Southern Trendkill]]* (1996)
* *[[Reinventing the Steel]]* (2000)
Asafi n Nnil

**Asafi n Nnil** d asafi id yemmuten deg ugara n Miẓran ar wudem n yilel dgi yettwagzam wasif n Nnil ar sin n yengazen yettmaren deg yilel agrakal

## Talɣa

## Amezruy

## Imɣan d iɣersiwen

## Anezwu

## Tudrin d temdinin
Asafi

**Asafi n wasif** d talɣa deg wakal igan d takeṛdist yettmag-d s trusi n ibaliɣen id yettadam wasif dgi tettedrusi (tettenqas) tikli n waman ayen yettajan akal ad yers, Anect-a yettili-d mara ad yekcem wasif ar ugaraw neɣ ilel neɣ  talmant neɣ agelmim

## Tilmas n isafiyen

## Imedyaten
Agaraw

**Agaraw** (Asget: **igarawen**) d Azgen ameqran yak deg tjumma n waman id yezdin i wakal n umadal, Dɣa tajumma n waman deg tegnit d tin yessawden ar 71% (510 imelyan km³)

## [[Agaraw Amelwi]]

## [[Agaraw Aṭlasi]]

## [[Agaraw Ahendi]]

## [[Agaraw Arkti]]

## [[Agaraw aẓulan]]
Ilel

**Ilel** d yal amsegraw ameqran n waman imerɣanen yettwaqqnen s agaraw d ugelmim

## Tudert deg yillan

## Amezruy n illan

## Amgarad gar n ilel d ugaraw

## Umuɣ n illan
**[[Agaraw Aṭlasi]]**

* Ilel Aderyati
* Ilel n Ijey
* Ilel n Alboran
* Ilel n Arjentin
* Aslallu n Biskaya
* Aslallu n Butenya
* Aslallu n Kampici
* Aslallu n Fundi
* Ilel n Baltik
* Ilel Aberkan

* Ilil n Butnia
* Ilel n Karib
* ilel Aseltin
Ilel n Ijey

**Ilel n Ihey** (s Tegrist: **Αιγαίον Πέλαγος**, s Teturkiyt: **Ege Denizi**) d yiwen n wengaz n ilel agrakal, Teɣzi-ynes 643 km ma d tehri-ynes 322 km.
Aɣucaf n Nnil

**Aɣucaf n Nnil** (isem ussnan: **Crocodylus niloticus**) d yiwen n telmest n temraradin yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tɣucaf. Yettidir ɣef yirawen d teftisin n wasif n Nnil, aladɣa deg tamiwin n Tefriqt Aneẓul n tneẓruft.

## Aglam
Azal n tiddi n uɣucaf n Nnil yessawad gar n 4,5 m ar 5 m, Ma d azuk-is azal n 410 kg.

## Učči

## Tiwlafin
Aɣucaf awlal

**Aɣucaf awlal** (isem ussnan: **Crocodylus porosus**) d yiwen n telmest n temraradin meqqren yeṭṭafaren tawsit n uɣucaf yakk d twacult n tɣucaf. Aɣucaf awlal d netta yakk i d amrarad meqqren. 

## Taẓuni (ideggan n tudert)
Aɣucaf awlal yettidir deg waṭas n yideggan i yezzin i Ugaraw Ahendi. Seg Ugafa n Ustṛalya, ɣer Unẓul Asemran n Asya yakk d teftist tasamrant n Lhend.

## Aglam

## Učči

## Tiwlafin

## Imniren
Addad n taggaẓt

**Addad n taggaẓt** n telmest, d amatar n tezmert n kra n telmest i wakken as teqqim tamiddurt (ur tengir ara) deg yimal s tɣuri d uzraw n uɣrud n tmerniwt d tdersi (d wenqas) i telmest s uzray n wakud. Dɣa, tella tama iremden deg teɣlut-a, umi qqaren Tiddukla tagreɣlant i waray n tgama id yessufeɣen Umuɣ azeggaɣ n IUCN anda yessers 3 n telmas i telmas yellan deg umizi:

* Talmest deg umizi afellay .
* Talmest deg umizi.
* Talmest deg umizi adday.

## Addaden n taggaẓt

* Tenger (EX) 
* Tenger deg wezɣar (EW)
* Talmest deg umihi afellay (CR)
* Tilmest deg umizi (EN)
* Talmest deg umizi adday (VU) 
* Talmest tudes ar umizi (NT) 
* Talmest ur tettwaggez (LC) 
* Talmest s isefka imidrusen (DD)
* Ur yessazel (NE)

## Inagrawen igraɣlanen

## Inagrawen iget-imuren

## Inagrawen iɣelnawen

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Angar

**Angar** neɣ **Tanegra** deg tasnudert d keffu neɣ d afukku n tudert n kra n telmest n imuddiren, imi tiremt (taswiɛt) n tmekkast (n lmut) n umuddir aneggar deg telmest-nni d tiremt n wengar s umata. 

Ugar n 99% n telmas yellan ttidirent deg yizri deg tegnit (yessawḍen ɣer 5 n imelyaren n telmas) negrent, maca tura llan-t wazal n 10 alamma 14 imelyan n telmas mazal ddrent.

## Timentilin n wengar

## Imedyaten ɣef [[imɣan|yemɣan]] d [[aɣersiw|iɣersiwen]] negren

## Imniren
Gao

Tamdint n **Gao** d tamanaɣt n tmurt n Mali.

Tamdint tameqqrant n tmurt. Deg useggas 2009 llan deg-s 86,663 imdanen.

## Tamselyut
*"Tombeau des Askia"
Talmest deg umizi afellay

**Talmest deg umizi uzɣin** d tafesna deg waddad n taggaẓt id yeqqaren d akken kra n telmest n imuddiren yezzi-y-asent umizi n wengar s waṭas, am uɣilas n Amur. 

## Imniren
Aɣilas n Amur

**Aɣilas n Amur** (assaɣ usnan: *Panthera pardus orientalis*) id yusan seg yisem n wasif n Amur, d yiwen gar 8 n adu-telmas n iɣilasen yakk d win yudsen s waṭas ar umihi n wengar imi yettusismel sɣur IUCN d akken yettwaggzen s tseddart tafellayt seg 2007, acku seg imaren gran-d anagar 19 ar 27 n iɣilasen, ɣas akken Tura ulin ar 57

## Tilin

## Taggazt d waray
Tasensartut (tasnudert)

**Tasensartut** (s Tlatint: taxinomia, Seg Tagrikt tamzikt: «τάξις= Asnay» d «νόμος= Tarrayt») d tussna yezzin ɣef usenmel d usemmi n yimuddiren (iɣersiwen, imɣan, adalen... Atg).. Tasensartut teqqen s talɣa tuntimt yakk d usesmel n tesnudert i yimuddiren.
Kuyas i d-ttilin isesmilen isnudranen ttwasɣersen s ubellez amnursuy, ttwasunɣen s telɣa n waddag, neɣ tikwal ttwagnsasen s talɣa n iɣawasen imassaɣen i wakken ad ad tettwabnan s tmuskiwin tiẓeṭṭanin anda deg kra n isesmilen yezmer ad yegber yiwen n wegmam deffir-s aṭas n yimrawen d yiẓuṛan. Amdya, aɣeṛda deg uɣawas amassaɣ yezmer ad ibin s ddaw n temseɣẓaẓ nniden i d-tizwaren neɣ inegren, neɣ s ddaw n temseɣẓaẓ nniden i d-t-yugaren deg wedras.

## Asesmel amzik (aqbur)

## Iswiren n usesmel
Imuddiren ttwabellzen ɣer tegrawin s unect d unagi ɣef tanfiwin-nsent, acku asesmel issexdamen imusnawen iga d amur seg unagraw amnursuy amazrar, anda yal taggayt tezzag-d deg tayeṭ:
* Talmest (*species*): d tagrawt n imuddiren yettemcabin ama deg talɣa neɣ deg ussezgi, yerna zemren ad  ssiknen gar-asen w ad farsen tasuta tamaynut deg tegnatin tigamanin.
* Tawsit (*genus*): d tagrawt n telmas yettaken assaɣ meqqren gar-asent, yerna ttemcabint. Zdint deg yiwen n uẓar. 
* Tawacult: (*family*): tga d adras imineg seld n tewsit. Tegber seg tewsitin yettemcabin gar-asent. 
* Tafesna: d tagrawt igebren seg twaculin timaddasin yettemcabin.
* Asmil (*class*): tegber seg tfesniwin ilan (yesɛan) assaɣ gar-asent.
* Adur(*phylum*): tegber seg yismilen yettemcabin. 
* Tagelda (*kingdom*): Tella deg yixef n yidrasen imessartiyen send ma ad yettwarnu wedras niden igan d taɣult (*domain*). 
### Amedya
Ɣer wemcic:
* **[[Tagelda (tasnudert)|Tagelda]]**: *[[aɣersiw|iɣersiwen]][[tugtakwatin|ugtikwaten]]*.
* **Adur**: *[[Timzikrin]]*.
* **[[Ad-adur]]**: *[[Tnaɣlalin]]*.
* **[[Ifelasmil|Afel-asmil]]**: *[[Tikuẓdarin]]*.
* **[[Asmil (tasnudert)|Asmil]]**:  *[[Timsuṭad|Tumsuṭaṭ]]*.
* **[[Tafesna (tasnudert)|Tafesna]]**: *[[Tiserɣuda]]*.
* **[[Afel-twacult|Tawacult tameqran]]**: *Imcac imeqqranen *.
* **[[Tawacult (tasnudert)|Tawacult]]**: *[[Amcic|Imcac]]*.
* **[[Tawsit (tudersent)|Tawsit]]**: *[[Timcac (tawsit)|Timcac]]*.
* **[[Talmest]]**: *[[Amcic]]*.
* **[[Adu-telmest|Adu-lmes]]**: *Amcic n wexxam*.

## Tafelwit n inagrawen n usesmel yettwassnen yakk

## Ẓeṛ daɣen

## Imniren
Ayis

**Ayis** neɣ **Agmar** d aɣersiw asuṭad amesfenza yeṭṭafaren tawacult n Igmariyen i wusnay (arkab) d uzuɣeṛ, Akken daɣen llan-t dges waṭas n telmas ilan (yesɛan) iglamen (ṣṣifat) yemgaraden ama deg tazzla neɣ tfekka neɣ deg wazuk Amdya: ayis aserɣin d uyis Amaziɣ

## Ayis n Tmazɣa

## Iylan n ayisen iẓaṛanen

## Ayis deg umezruy

## Tuzzya tuzzufant deg yegmaren

## Tugniwin
Ayis Amaziɣ

**Ayis Amaziɣ** neɣ **Agmar Amaziɣ** d yiwen n umadar n igmaren id yekkren deg Tefriqt ugafa (Tamazɣa) d ayen id tyeǧǧan yqqen s yisem ar imaziɣen

## Aglam n yisem

## Iylan isengamen
Tiddi: 1,55 ar 1,60 m

Azuk: 400 ar 500 kg

Asrad n uzagur: Azagur-is isrid (iṣub weɛrur-is)

Ini: Deg waṭas n tikwal d amliɣed, Tikwal iden d adernan 

Imeẓẓaɣ: meẓẓey-it, sriden

## Tizmert-is
Tisuffenza

Tisuffenza d aɣersiw amsifden iy teddum ya s 3 n tfednin neɣ syiwet n tefdent, Dges azal n 17 n telmas annect-a seld n tnegrawt n waṭas n telmas n tfesna ayyi

## Asismel d tsartut
Timesfednin

**Aɣersiw amsifden** d aɣersiw iy teddun s tfednin-is am am iylalen d taydiyyin am ubareɣ d wuccen akk d tserɣuda am yizem d wumcic annect-a s wemgarad n ifganen d wursuten yellan d timsekkukal neɣ d timesfenza
Timsekkukal

**Timsekkukal** d iɣersiwen iy teddun ɣef wemda n uṭar dgi igrez-is yeṭsa (imuss) tagnit (lqaɛa), Acku igrez d wemda n usar tgin-d ayen umi qqaren asekkakel yellan deg ufgan d ursuten d tgejdanin, Seg iɣersiwen imsekkukal llan: 

* Abusum

* Panda

* Tadɣaɣat

* Inisi

* Azirdyaw

* Agtul

* Skippi
Abusum

**Abusum** (assaɣ usnan: *Didelphidae*) d tawacult yeṭṭafaren tafesna n tmesga  ilan (yesɛan) asga (ljib) deg wadis-is

## Aglam

## Tarrawt
Tafekka tagnnawt

**Tafekka tagennant** neɣ **Iynaten igennanen** d yal tafekka yellan deg tallunt tuffiɣt, tifekkiwin-a bṭan-t s talɣa tagejdant ar tfekkiwin n usud anafuk yettezzin ɣef tfukt d tfekkiwin n tallunt yaggugen yellan s azɣar n usud anafuk, Dɣa tiddukla tasnallunt tagreɣlant tegzem asmil amezwar ar 3 n telmas: imtiwgen, imtiwgen igezlanen d tifekkiwin timeẓyanin n usud anafuk ma d asmil wis sin ur ila ara (ur yesɛa ara) aglam amaddud deg teddukla tasnallunt maca tettwagzam ar itran d isegniwen d imazellawen.

## Amezruy

## Amussu n tfekkiwin

## Umuɣ n tfekkiwin

**[[usud anafuk|Tagrawt tanafukt]]

* [[Tafukt]]

* [[Itrikli|Imtiwgen]]

* [[Amtiweg agezlan|Imtiwgen igezlanen]]

* [[Azunyur|izunyuren]] 

* [[Ayyur agaman|iyyuren]]

* [[Asmil (tasnallunt)|ismilen]] 

* [[Aseffud|iseffuden]]

**Ammas agratraw**

* [[Itri|itran]]

* [[Ifli aberkan|ifliwen iberkanen]]

* [[Amazellaw|imazellawen]]
** [[Amazellaw agriwel|imazellawen igriwlen]]
** [[Amazellaw aglayan|imazellawen iglayanen]]
** [[Amazellaw arefsay|imazellawen irefsayen]]

* [[Asignew|isigniwen]]
** [[Asignew amtiwgan|isigniwen imtiwganen]]
** [[Asignew amallas|isigniwen imallasen]]
** [[Asignew azenzaray|isigniwen izenzarayen]]

**Isignaten''':
* isignaten icubranen

* isignaten itrawen

* iguza itrawen:
** iguza imedlanen
** iguza yeldin
Tallunt tuffiɣt

**Tallunt tuffiɣt** d ilem yettilin gar tfekkiwin tignawin (gar asen-t Tagnit), anect-a ur yelli ara d ilem yakk maca dges tijummiwin n tfekkiwin 

## Asnirem

## Tanekra d waddad

## Tilisa

##
Tiddukla tasnallunt tagreɣlant

Tiddukla tasnallunant tagreɣlant (IAU) d tuddsa yeddukklen timettiwin tisnallunin deg umaḍal, akken yella daɣen d amaslaḍ deg Useqqamu Agreɣlan n Tussniwin (ICSU).

## Igmanen

## Tismilin d tigrawin

## Amezruy

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Amtiweg agezlan

**Amtiweg agezlan** yettwaglem-d sɣur Tiddukla tasnallunt tagreɣlant deg 2006 d akken-it d tafekka tagnnawt yettezzin ɣef tfukt neɣ itri agejdan deg usud-is anafuk, Maca ur yelli ara d amtiweg neɣ d aneɣmar ɣef ayen id yezzin akken daɣen ur yelli ara d ayyur yeṭṭafaren amtiweg n iden
Asizdeg n tuzzya

**Asizdeg n tuzzya** d amsektay n kra n tfekka tagnnawt ɣef ma yella d amtiweg deg usud anafuk, Aya yella d yiwen gar 3 n imsektayen ɣefi tegguni teddukla tasnallunt tagreɣlant deg useggas n 2006 i weglam n umtiweg
Tigget tasnullant

**Tigget tasnullant** (**Au**) d tigget sgi tettwaktay tiggugt (lbeɛdan) n imtiwgen, Yiwet n tigget tegda (=) azal n tiggugt gar n tegnit d tfukt

## Aglam n tigget-a

## Asxedm-is
Tallit tamezzayt

**Tallit tamezzayt** d akud yettwaṭṭafen i tuzzya n tfekka tagnnawt deg timezzit-is ɣef tfekka n iden deg tuzzya issemtin (ikemlen), Deg tasnallunt Anect-a yeqqen ar imtiwgen d yismilen d izunyuren ittezzin ɣef tfukt akk d wayyuren d imtigwen d imtiwgen uffiɣen iy ttezzin ɣef itran nniḍen neɣ itran imisinen

## Talliyin timezzayin n yismilen

## Asudef n Kepler
Tallit n tuzzya

**Tallit n tuzzya** d akud issefken i kra n tfekka i wakken ad issemti (ad ikemmel) tuzzya-ynes ɣef kra n tmezzit, Akud-a iga d aseggas ɣer tfekkiwin tignawin, Dɣa isudaf n Kepler i wemussi amtiwgan tessnen-d tarrayt n usiden n wakud ɣef tmuɣli ar tfekka iy tezzin deg tmezzayt
Timezzit

**Timezzit** deg tsengama d akala izelgen i kra n tfekka ɣef kra n tiẓunt neɣ tfekka n iden s ddaw n usemdu n tdusi n teldayt, Amedya timezzit n umtiweg ɣef yetri (Tuzzya n imtiwgen n usud anafuk ɣef tfukt)

## Timezzit n ugensa

## Isudaf n Newton ɣef umussu
Amtiweg uffiɣ

**Amtiweg uffiɣ** d yal amtiweg yellan s azɣar (beṛṛa) n usud anafuk maca yettili deg ugaraw n yitri n iden, Akken tezmer ad tgi inagrawen imtiwganen am win n tfukt, Seg 1991 ar 13 di Meɣres ttwasnirmen azal n 760 n imtiwgen llan yakk s azɣar n usud anafuk 

## Tilmas
Annfal amezzay

Deg tmikanikt tasnallant, s ddaw n umsektay agaman yal timezzit yessefk ɣef telɣa-ines ad tili d tigezmi tuzmigt, Ma d annfal amezzay yezmer ad yettwisken d akken-it d azal n tzelgi n talɣa n tmezzit ɣef twinest, Aya yettusenfali fell-as deg tusnakt s (Annfal allemas) azamul-is d *e*

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Tutlayt Tamaceq

**Tamaceɣt** neɣ **Tamaceq** (isemman: **ⵜⵎⵛⵈ**) d yiwet n tutlayt tamaziɣt yeṭṭafaren afurk n tatergit. Ttmesmlayen-tt itergiyen n Mali d ugafa afellay n tmurt n Burkina Faso. Tutlayt-a tla snat n tintalyin (*Tanaslamt* ittmeslayen wat Tambuktu yakked *Tadɣaq* ittmeslayen wat Kidal).

Tikwal, tutlayin titergiyin semman-asent daɣen s yisem Tamaceqt/Tamaceq.

## Asemres
Tutlayt-a ttmeslayen-tt wazal n 500,000 n yimdanen, gar-asen 378,000 di tmurt n Mali. Akken i ttetmeslayen waṭas seg warraw n weɣref n Sunɣay am tutlayt tis snat.

## Tasnimeslit

## Tiwelhiwin
Abaggus n Kuiper

**Abaggus n Kuiper** (s Teglizit: **Kuiper belt**) d tama yellan deg usud anafuk ilan (yesɛan) tifekkiwin iggursen akk d tṛesyaf, Tetteddu seg umtiweg n Niptun (30 n TT) ar wazal n 55 TT yudsen ɣef tfukt, Dɣa netta yettemcabi i iwbaggus n izunyuren id yezgan gar n imzuyeɣ d Jupiter ɣas akken hraw fll-as s 20 n tikkal u meqqer fell-as s gar n 20 ar 200 n tikkal

## Amezruy

## Asismel n tfekkiwin n ubaggus n Kuiper

## Asnirem
Abaggus n izunyuren

**Abaggus n izunyuren** d aṭebsi azzatraw id yezgan gar n umtiweg n imzuyeɣ d Jupiter, Deg tama ayyi tezzin waṭas n izunyuren id yellan seg tṛesyaf d kra n yemɣuzen 

## Asnirem
Tenger deg wezɣar

**Tenger deg wezɣar** d yiwet n tfesna deg waddad n taggaẓt i tessexdam Tiddukla tagreɣlant i waray n tgama d teɣbula-ynes i wsiggez n waddad n telmest.

## Imniren
Tala Rana

**Tala Rana** d adeg n tmerrit i yellan deg tɣiwant n Ṣaḥariǧ, tawilayt n Tubiret, seddaw n temguṭ (Yemma Xliǧa). Ɣur-s  deg teɣzi, deg ubrid seg Ṣaḥariǧ ɣer Tala Rana ad tafeḍ lemqam n tmeṭṭut tamegdalt Yemma Xliǧa deg taddart n Yibelbaren.
Igmariyen

**igmariyen** neɣ **Tigmariyin** (Assaɣ usnan: **Equidae**)d yiwen n usssmel i tawacult n kra n telmas n wayisen d iɣersiwen yettaken aẓaṛ am weɣyul d imisred d telmas n iden inegren, Tigmariyin ṭṭafaren-t tafesna n tsuffenza

## Tamhazt

## Tasartut d usismel

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Asekser (tusnakt)

**Asekser** deg tusnakt d akan n usekser d timezgelt n izirig usrid (deg twinst n tmsefka tidikartin), Asiden n timezgelt n izirig d ayen ifraren (isehlen) s usexdem n irman n uljiber d tenzeggit 

## Asiden n usekser n izirig id yekkan ɣef snat n tẓunin