open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Muḥemmed Waw Tegidda Kawsen

**Kawsen Ag Geda** (1880–1919) Yella d aheggar atergi d ugrawliw meqqren . Ilul deg 1880 ɣer tama n Tamazlaɣt deg yidurar n Ayer ( Niǧer amaynut ) , Kawsen yekka-d seg udrum n Ikazkazan amaziɣ , d adrum meẓẓiyen deg teddukli n Kel Awey , yexdem tagrawla mgal ucengu afransis i d-iskecmen iman-is deg yidurar n Ayer deg Nijer , deg 1916-17 . Ardekal ɣelluy-ines . Yerra Kawsen ɣer ugafa ; yettwaṭṭef yettwaxnaq seg yiserdasen iɣelnawen deg Murzuq , Libya .

## Tawacult
Ilul-d deg twacult n Yikazkazen n udrum n wuru atergi deg ( Yidurar n Ayer ) n wass-agi deg ugafa n Nijer , ur neẓri ara adeg swa swa . Gma-s Muxtaṛ Kudugu yella d aɣella wis sin deg akk tudert-is , yedder kan yiwen n useggas ardekal lmut-is , yemmut deg tnegluft mgal Tubu d Fula deg tselṭanit n Damagram .

## Tagrawla mgal Fransa
 
Yella itekka ɣer ṭariqa tasnusit taṣufit tineslemt yugin anekcum afransis , yexdem aṭas n tneglufi,n mgal acengu deg Nijer d Čad maca amur ameqqran deg-sent ur wwiḍent ara ɣer yiswi-nsent ; seg 1909 , yexser deg 1910 ihi yerra ɣer umalu n Sudan deg "Darfur" , syin yerra ɣer Fezzan ( deg unẓul n Libya , d agaz n tezmert n yisnusiyen ) Kawsen yemhel idermal isnusiyen war-ixxamen ( kra ur llin ara d itergiyen ) i yḍefren tasnusit .

Syin , deg 1914 tessawel ṭṭriqa tesnusit ɣer Lǧihad mgal ucengu afransis . Deg 1916 , bdann yiserdasen i yemhel Kawsen amennuɣ d unekcum ɣer kra n temdinin deg yidurar n Ayer . S lemɛawna n selṭan n Agadiz , zzin-as-d i temnaḍin i kecmen yirumyen deg yidurar n Ayer deg 17 duǧember 1916 , gar-asent Ingall , Assudi d Awedras ayen i yettwasnen ass-agi s ugafa n Nijer , leḥqen ad ssufɣen acengu syinna ṭṭfen tamehla i kraḍ n wayyuren 

## Lexsara d lmut
Deg 03 meɣres 1917 kecmen yirumyen s umḍan meqqren n yiserdasen seg unẓul seg temdint n Zinder ɣer Agadiz ; uɣalen-d yiserdasen ɣer Tibesti , kecmen yifransisen d temdinin tiɣelnawin armi yeffeɣ seg Nijer yuweḍ ɣer Fezzan . Dinna ṭṭfent kra n yiserdasen iɣelnawen n Murzuq i ykerhen tasnusit , xenqen-t armi d lmut 

## Awal n taggara
Ass-a itergiyen iɣelnaẓriyen ttwalin Kawsen d asaḍ , isem-is yettunefk aṭas i yitergiyen . Mazal ccfawat n tegrawla , d tmenɣiwin id-yekkan ardekal-ines d timuddirin deg wallaɣen n yitergiyen , ttwalin tagrawla-agi d aḥric seg usaru meqqren n umennuɣ ilmend n tiwin n tlelli seg ucengu , kra nniḍen ttawlin asaru-agi ur yekfi ara imi mazal ibaduten iwakuden ur wwin ara tilelli deg Nijer d yinurag-is . 

Nezmer ad nessers tagrawla n Kawsen deg umezruy aɣezzfan n umennuɣ atergi mgal ccetlat n Sungay d Lhusa deg unẓul n uneẓruf ameqqran , ahat amennuɣ yebdan seg unekcum n umenkud n Sungay ɣer Agadiz deg 1500 AT , neɣ daɣen deg tarziwin timezzwura n yitergiyen ɣer unẓul n yidurar n Ayer seg tasus tis 11 ɣer tasut tis 13 AT . Kemlen yimennuɣen seg timunent , deg tegrawliwin titergiyin deg udrar n yifuɣas deg Mali 1963-64 , tidyanin n yiseggasen n 1990 deg Mali n Nijer , d tedyanin timaynutin yebdan deg tlemmast n yiseggasen n-2000 ( wali aɣewwiɣ wis sin n yitergiyen ) .
Aderbaɛl anumidi

**Aderbaɛl anumidi** (tabuniqit : 𐤀𐤃𐤓𐤁𐤏𐤋, ʿDRBʾL), mmi-s n ugellid Makawsen d mmi-s n mmi-s n Mass-nsen, yella d agellid n Numidya gar 118 d112 ST. iweret-d tagelda ardekal n lmut n baba-s , yegled akked watmaten-is Himsal I , d Yugerten ,mmi-s n gma-s n Makawsen i yerra d mmi-s ardekal . Ardekal lmut n gma-s s yifassen n Yugurten , yerra s irumaniyen akken ad ferqen tagelda gar-asen deg useggas n 117 ST, cwiya i Yugurten cwiya i netta .  Maca ikellex-as Yugurten yuwi akk tagelda , yezzi-as-d i Sirtza akken ad yeqbel yis, maca dinna i yemmut deg useggas n 112 s yifassen n Yugurten ,
Taselṭanit n Agadiz

**Taselṭanit n Agadiz** (neɣ  tettwassen s **Tenere Sultanate n Ayer** , **Taselṭanit n Ayer** , neɣ **Asben** ) tella d tagelda tamaziɣt ammas-is d tamdint n Agadiz deg yidurar n Ayer , i d-yezgan deg unẓul deg uneẓruf ameqqran deg ugafa-alemmas deg Nnijer . Tennulfa-d deg 1499 ɣef ufus n yitergiyen  d ugdud n Husa am  wamas n usenzi d tiɣin . Teɣli tselṭanit n Agadiz s ddaw n umenkud n Sungay deg 1500 . ardekal n ɣelluy n umenkud n Sungay deg 1591 , tuwi-d tselṭanit n Agadiz timmunent-is . Iṣubb-d umḍan n yimezdaɣ-is d leqdic n usenzi d tiɣin deg tasut tis 17 . Yekcem-it ucengu afransis ardekal deg 1900 .
Kel Awey

**Kel Awey** (qd. **Kel uwi**, **Kel Ewey** *seg ugdud n Bull*) D takunfidralit tatergit . Seg tasut tis 18 armi d anekcum afransis deg tazzwara n tasut tis 20 , llan d agdud bu tezmert deg yidurar n Ayer deg ugafa alemmas n Nnijer . 

## Amezruy
Llan wat Kel Awey , akka am yiderman n yitergiyen nniḍen , d adrum meqqren yernan tiwaculin nniḍen . Deg 1740 , usan-d wat kel Awey ɣer unẓul seg Lezzayer n wass-a thudd tamdint n Assudi , tuker Agadiz , terra taselṭanit n Agadiz s ddaw n tmehla-nsen sebḍan at Kel Ayr ɣer unẓul d umalu . Tella tkunfidralit s ddaw n tmehla n ugdud n Anastafidet , amɛellem n wat Kel Awey .
Tin Hinan

**Tin Hinan** d tagellidt n yitargiyen deg tasut tis 04 . tezga-d tmeqbert-is  deg Aueẓruf Ameqran deg  at Abalessadeguhaggar di tmurt n Lezzayer.

## Tagellidt n Uhaggar

### Tanfust
Qqaren-as tikwal i Tin Hinan " tagellidt n Uhaggar " , qqaren-as yitergiyen *Tamnukalt* ayen id-emmalen "tagellidt" . Isem-is anamek-is d "tameṭṭut n yigiṭunen " , maca imusnawen n umezruy nnan-d belli anamek-is " d yemma-tneɣ akk "

Mmalent-d tmucuha tiqburin , belli Tin Hinan tella d "tageldunt irewlen " yedren deg tasut tis ukkuz ST . Terwel-d seg ugafa n Uneẓruf , nettat d yiqeddacen-ines teqqar-d tenfust belli qrib mmuten maca ufan-d kra n tgella deg wadeg i deg-ttidiren yiweṭṭufenn . Deg tenfust nniḍen ur nezmir ara ad namen akka am tmezzwarut-nni imi xuṣṣen-tt yifukal , Tin Hinan tella dinna d tagellidt tineslemt n udrum n Braber amaziɣ id-yusan seg Tafilalt deg yidurar n waṭlas di Lmerruk ɣer tama-s tella tqeddact qqaren-as Takmat . Deg tenfust , Tin Hinan tesɛa yelli-s (neɣ yelli-s n yelli-is ) , isem-is Kella , ma d Takmat tesɛa snat  n yessi-s . Dderya-agi uɣalen d imarawen n yimucaɣ n Uhaggar . Ulsen-d daɣen fella-s belli tesɛa-d Tin Hinan kraḍ n tullas ( tsemma-asent s yismawen n yiɣersiwen n tneẓruft ) i yellan d timarawin n yitergiyen .

### Timeqbert n Tin Hinan
Deg tazzwara n tasut tis snat n tmerwin , iɛedda wakud  ; aṭas id-yulsen tamacahut-is , aṭas i yumnen belli d tanfust daya . Akken yebɣu yili , deg 1925 , ufan yimnadiyen timeqbert-ines , ssulzen belli nettat teklla d awadem yeddren deg umezruy .  Ur tebɛid ara ɣef Abalessa , Lezzayer , akken 1,000 lmilat ( 1550 ikilumitren ) ɣef unẓul n Lezzayer tamanaɣt
Baga (agellid)

**Baga** ( qqaren-as daɣen *Bagas*) yella d agellid amaziɣ n Muretanya deg 225 ST . Ur yettwassen ara aṭas , yella d aɛeggal deg ccetla meqqren deg yila .

Agellid Baga Iban-d deg tira n umezruy deg tedyanin n ṭṭrad Abuniqi wis sin . Mi d-yuɣal Masensen ɣer Tefriqt ilaq as ad iɛeddi ya seg tmurt tamasizulit , lɛerc n yiɛdawen-is , neɣ seg wid n Muretanya . Mi yextar tis snat , yuwi yefka-as ugellid Baga amuretani 4000 n ymnayen Imuriyen , i yeqqimen d Masensen armi yekcem tilisa n tmurt-ines . Yefka-d Baga daɣen lemɛawna s yiserdasen deg yixef aneggaru n Ṭṭrad Abuniqi wis Sin deg umennuɣ mgal Ḥannibaɛl .
Muretanya

**Muretanya** (/ˌmɒrɪˈteɪniə, ˌmɔːrɪ-/; talatinit : [mau̯.reːˈt̪aː.ni.a])d isem alatini n temnaḍt n tmazɣa n wass-agi . Tella-d seg tlemmast n Lezzayer n wass-a ɣer  armi-d agraw atlanṭas  , tɣum agafa n Lmerruk armi d idurar n waṭlas . Imezdaɣ-is iɣelnawen d imaziɣen yettwasnen s yimuriyen d yimasiliyen . 

Deg 25 ST uɣalen yigelliden n Muretanya d irumaniyen armid 44 AT , mi akken tuɣal temnaḍt d tarumanit tettwafreq ɣef sin n yiḥricen Muretanya Taṭenǧit d Muretanya taqeysrit . Tban-d deg-s tmasiḥit seg tasut tis 3 . Mi d-kecmen yinselmen iɛraben ɣer temnaḍt , tuɣal tineslemt d nettat i d ajjed amezzwaru .

## Tagelda tamurit
 

Tella Muretanya d tagelda gelden-tt  yiderman imaziɣen . Irumaniyen qqaren awal n Muri i ugdud id-yellan s ddaw n tcabi-gzirt taybirit . xedmen asenzi d tiɣin meqqren imi llan ɣer yilel agrakal ladɣa akked qerṭaj 

Agellid Aṭlas d agellid n tidmi n yimuriyen , ɛebden-t rran-t daɣen d agellid . Agellid amezzwaru n tidet id-yuwi umezruy d Baga , i ygelden deg Ṭṭrad abuniqi wis Sin n 218-201 ST . Imuriyen llan sɛan assaɣ meqqren d Numidya . Buxus I ( 110 ST- yellq d qḍeggql n ugellid Qnu;idi Yugurten .

Muretanya tuɣal tettabaɛ Ruma seg 25 ST mi akken rran yirumaniyen Yuba II anumidi d agellid-amsaɣ-nsen . MI yemmut deg 23 ST , mmi-s id-yekkren gar yirumaniyen Baṭlimus amuretani yegled deg umkan-is . Yenɣa umenkad Kaliɣyula Baṭlimus deg useggas n 40 . Yerra umenkad arumani Kludyus Muretanya d agezdu arumani deg 44 , yerra fella-s anembaḍ .

### Igelliden
Buxus I

**Buxus** , neɣ **Buxus I** akken ad d-iban d anwa-t akken iwata , yella d agellid n Muretanya seg 111 -80 ST . Yella d aḍeggal n ugellid anumidi Yugurten , ukkud yeddukel mgal yirumaniyen deg ṭṭrtad n Yugurten .

Yexdeɛ ugellid Buxus Yugurten yessenz-it i yirumaniyen deg 105 ST . Yettzqṭṭef Yugurten yettzqḥbes deg usekrqf di Ruma , ma d netta yefreq tagelda n yirumaniyen d yirumaniyen .

## Anamek n yisem-is
Cukken kra n yimussnawen n umezruy belli isem n Buxus d abeddel alatini n yiwen n yisem amaziɣ , ahat d Wekkus . Isem-agi yezmer ad yesɛu assaɣ d wawal atergi Aweqqas , id-yemmalen "izem" , yezmer ad yili d ise'm amalay .

## Tudert d twacult
Ur yettwassen ara aṭas ama d Buxus ama d tagelda n Muretanya . Yella ahatt d yiwen seg warraw n ugellid Baga amuretani , yiwen n umeddakel n ugellid Masensen anumidi .

Tagelda n Buxus id-yezgan deg tefriqt n ugafa tella gar ugram atlenṭi d wasif n Melwiya 

Buxus yesɛa-d aṭas n tulawin d ukkuz n warrac : yelli-s ( ur nessin ara isem-is ) , i yuɣen Yugurten anumidi ; amekkasu-ines Mestanususus  , Buluks d Bugud.

## Amekkasu
Mestanususus yeqqel d agellid ardekal lmut n baba-s yefreq tagelda d watmaten-is Buxus II d Bugud , i yferqen s yixfan aglad n Muretanya . Ddan deg sin n yiberdan yemgaraden mmi d-yennulfa nnfaq arumani n daxel , yegled Bukus ixef n Bugud , mi yemmut Buxus II deg 33 ST tuɣal Muretanya d tagelda tasɣant n Ruma.
Mestanususus

**Mestanususus (** Neɣ **Susus** neɣ **Sus** ) yella d agellid amaziɣ n Muretanya ( nnefṣ n Lmerruk d umalu n Lezzayer n wass-a) d mmi-s n Buxus I . Yegled seg 80 ST ar 49 ST.

## Ifukal
Ciṭ-nni i nessen ɣef ugellid Mestanususus yekka-d seg tira ɣef ugellid "Buxus Ii mmi-s n Susus" , yemmuger-it-id umazray Čyiru deg 62 ST

Kra sxelḍent akked Masensen II anumidi . Maca tira n Čyiru bedrent-d agellid isem-is Susus n Muretanya ardekal Buxus I send Bugud d Buxus II .

## Aglad
Ur yeglid ara i yila meqqren akka am baba-s agellid Buxus I , deg tallit-is tewwi-d Tin Iggi timmunent-is .
Buxus II

**Smegred** gar Buxus I d ugellid Buxus II

**Buxus** Ii yella d agellid amaziɣ n Muretanya deg tasut tamezzwarut ST . D mmi-s n Mestanususus , i yemmuten deg 49 ST , imiren i yuli Buxus ɣef lɛerc .

## Tudert
Yella d mmi-s amenzu n Mestanususus , agellid n Muretanya . Baba-s d Mestanususus , uran-d fella-s s tlatinit Rex Bocchus Sosi f neɣ Sos id-yemmalen " Buxus mmi-s n Susus " , deg useggas n 49 St tettwafreq tgelda n Susus ( d tin n Buxus I ) gar Buxus II d Bugud , i yellan d atmaten . Yegled Buxus II aḥric n usammer n Muretanya tella Yul d tamanaɣt-is ma d gma-s Bugud yegled aḥric n umalu tamanaɣt-is d Bubulis .

Ayen nessen kan ɣef unbaḍ-is d kraḍ n tedyanin : assaɣ-is d Sityus , ixef-ines deg ṭṭrad mgal Yuba I , d rennuy n Muretanya n umalu . Yeddukel netta d gma-ds d ugellid Yuba I n Numidya .
Tafrast

**Tafrast** (Isem ussnan: **Allium polyanthum**) d yiwet n telmest n yimɣan isaɣuren yeṭṭafaren tawsit n teskert di twacult n tjeǧǧigin tumlilin. Dɣa, nezmer ad nmeggez tidgirin n tefrest (ayen i d-yettemɣayen s ddaw n wakal) d izegza, acku ttusxedmen deg usewwi d wučči.

## Aglam

## Aseqdec

## Imniren
Bugud

**Bugud** ( yemmut deg 31 ST ) d mmi-s n ugellid Mestanususus n Muretanya , yella d agellid amaziɣ ɣef tgelda n Muretanya i yefreq d gma-s Buxus Ii , Buxus yeṭṭef ataram n wasif n Melwiya ma d gma-s yeṭṭef amalu . D ameddakel n Yulyus Qayser , yedda ardekal d Mark antuny deg umennuɣ-is d Uktab , yekkes-it gma-s seg leḥkem , yemmut deg lɛerc n Mitun send tanegluft n Aktyum

## Tudert

### Tudert n temẓi
Bugud yezweǧ d Unwi . Deg  yiwen n wakud , idewweṛ-d i ugram aṭlantis , yuweḍ-d ɣer temnaḍin tikwaturyaliyin n Tefriqt . Yuwi-d i tmeṭṭut-is arazen meqqren 

### Taddukli d Qayser
Bugud d Buxus ddan d yijiniralen irumaniyen yulyus Qayser deg umennuɣ-is mgal yimeddukal n Bumbey ameqqran deg Tefriqt (49-45 St) . Akken ad yekkes imeddukal i qayser , Gnayus Bumbey yekcem tamnaḍt n Bugud , maca yuɣal ɣer deffir . D ayen yerran Bugud ad yerr ibumbiyen d iɛdawen-is  Iceyyeɛ-d qayser P.Sitiyus akken ad iɛiwen Bugud deg unekcum-is ɣer tmurt n Yuba I n Numidya . I ygmenen ad yernu ɣer yibumbiyen . Yekcem Bugud tamdint n sirta , yerra Yuba ad yuɣal ɣer deffir d yiserdasen-is , yunef ibumbiyen .

Mi yerna Qayser ibumbiyen deg tnegluft n Tabsus deg 46 ST , Buxus yettunefka-as uḥric ameqqran n Numidya i yetttwaksen sɣur Yuba . Bugud itekka ula d netta deg tnegluft n Munda , ideg id-yezzi ɣef yibumbiyen , yerẓa-asen ifadden-nsen .

### Sbenyul
Mi yegled Kasyus Lunǧinus i Sbenyul , teḍra-d tegrawla i qrin teɣḍel leḥkem n Qayser , umi leɛmer tḥemlen yisbenyuliyen . Yessuter-d Kasyus lemɛawna n Bugud . Ɣas akken .yeskecem-d Markus Amilyus Libidus iman-is akken i as-d*-yenna Qayser . Yerra-d Libidus adabu s amekan-is , maca yemsefham ad yeddukel d yigrawliwen , ihi xesren yiserdasen n Bugud uqbel ad d-awḍen , yettaxer-d Kasyus . Yuɣal Bugud ɣer Muretanya 

### Taddukli d Mark Antoni
Ardekal lmut n Qayser deg 44 ST , ṭṭfen sin n yigelliden n Muretanya sin n yidisen yemgaraden . Bugud yedda d Mark Antuni , ma d Buxus yedda d Uktab . Deg 38 ST Buxus yewwi-d kra n yiḥricen seg wayla n tgelda n gma-s yellan deg Sbenyul , d ayen yerrran Bugud ad yerr s ataralm ɣer antuni , yuɣal Buxus d agellid ɣef Muretanya s umata , yesteɛref yis Uktab . Yemmut Bugud deg tuffɣa n  Aktyum , deg Mitun . Deg lmut-is , yefka Buxus Muretanya i Uktab deg 33 ST.
Masensen II

**Masensen II** ( neɣ **Masinisa II** - **Mas-nsen II** ) yella d agellid n Numidya n umalu s tmanaɣt-is Sirta ( 81-46 ST ) . Yettusemma ɣef yisem n umaraw-is Masensen I , win yessemlalen snat n tgeldatin n Numidya n utaram d umalu .

Masensen d mmi-s n Masteɛbar . Masteɛbar d mmi-sd n ugellid Guda i yferqen Numidya gar warraw-is , Masteɛbar d gma-s Himsal II . yella Yuba I mmi-s n ɛemmi-s yernu d ameddakel-is . Tella Numidya n umalu meẓẓiyet yernu wezzilet sdat tin utaram .
Masteɛbar

Masteɛbar yella d agellid n Numidya n umalui . D mmi-s n ugellid Guda , anembaḍ n Numidya , d gma-s n Himsal II , anembaḍ n Numidya n utaram . Neẓra s tallit-is s kra n tira it-id-ibedren . Iban-d belli Guda , mi yemmut deg 88 ST , yefreq tagelda-s gar sin n warraw-is , Himsal yuwi aḥric meqqren ma d Masteɛbar yuwi win meẓẓiyen .

Deg 82 St , yeddukel ujiniral arumani Dumityus , d ugellid anumidi iwumi qqaren Hyarabas , iban belli yekkes leḥkem seg yifassen n dderya n Guda . Ttwaɣeḍlen sin agi sɣur Bumbey , Himsal yuɣal ɣer unbaḍ-is ma d Masteɛbar yettwabeddel s Masensen . Wagi d mmi-s . Ayen texdem Rum yemmal-d asteɛref-ines s unbaḍ n Masteɛber ɣef tgelda-s .

Mmi-s n mmi-s n Masteɛbar , Ɛerbayun , yella d agellid ilelli aneggaru ɣef Numidya deg 42 ST.
Guda

**Guda** yella d agellid n Numidya , i ygelden seg 105 Dt ar 80 St . Yella d mmi-s n mastenbaɛl d mmi-s n mmi-s n ugellid ameqqran Masensen . Guda yella d gma-s si baba-s ( mgaraden tiyemmatin ) n ugellid Yugurten . D baba-s n Himsal II d amaraw n Yuba I .

Akken-id yules Sallust deg yimenɣi n Yugurten , yedda Guda d ujiniral arumani Q.Kasilyus Metellus , yerra-t d ageldun am netta , maca metellus yugi .

Guda yuɣal d agellid ɣef Numidya ardekal timenɣiwt n Yugurten .
Tinerf

**Tinerf** "ameqqran", D asɣad ameqqran yernu d agellid n ugdud n Gwanec ( agdud amaziɣ aɣelnaw n Tigzirin n lkanari ) n tegzirt n Tinerfe nnan-d diɣ yedder deg tasut tdi mraw d ukkuz n tlalit .

D mmi-s n ugellid Sunta , i ynebḍen tigzirt deg wussan id-yezwaren anekcum n yiqectaliyen ɣer tegzirin ikanariyin . Tella tmanaɣt-is d Aǧe akka am akk wid it-id-yezwaren , akken uqbel twines n yiseggasen uqbel anekcum  meqqren n 1494 .

Mi yemmut Tineref , ferqen warraw-is tigzirin gar-asen d tẓa n tgeldatin . Mi d-kecmen yisbenyuliyen llant tgeldatin : 

* **[[Akaymu]]**  (amensi (*agellid*) n Menceyato de Tacoronte).
* **[[Aǧuna]]**: (amensi (*agellid* ) n Menceyato de Abona).
* **[[Anyaterbi|Anyaterbe]]**: (amensi (*agellid*) n Menceyato de Güímar).
* **[[Benkumu]]**: (amensi (*agellid*) n Menceyato de Taoro).
* **[[Beneharu]]**: (amensi (*agellid*) n Menceyato de Anaga).
* **[[Bilikar]]**: (amensi (*agellid* ) n Menceyato de Icode).
* **[[Bilinur]]**: (amensi (*agellid*) n Menceyato de Adeje).
* **[[Rumen]]**: (amensi (*agellid* ) n Menceyato de Daute).
* **[[Tigwisti]]**: (amensi (*agellid* ) n Menceyato de Tegueste).
Volodymyr Zelensky

**Volodymyr Oleksandrovych Zelensky** (s Twukraneyt: *Володимир Олександрович Зеленський*), (ilul deg wass n 25 yennayer 1978 di Kryvyi Rih, Ukṛanya) yella d yiwen n uzeffan, sin akin d aselway n tmurt n Ukṛanya seg 2019 ar ass-a. Zelensky yettumeggez d amalway n Ukṛanya mgal wenbaẓ n Rusya deg 2022. 

## Tameddurt

## Tazwara n tudert tasertant

## Imniren
Sunta

**Sunta** yella d asɣad meqqren , yernu d agellid n ugdud n Gwanec ( amensi ) GM semgared gar wawal "*imensi* " ( tagella n yiḍ) d "*umensi*" ( agellid n Gwanec ) ɣef tegzirt n Tenerif deg tegzirin tikanariyin ( Sbenyul ) .

## Tudert
Yella ugellid Sunta yettidir deg tmanaɣt-is Adej . d baba-s n Tineref ameqqran 

Twines n yiseggasen send ad ɣeḍlen yisbenyuliyen tigzirt , Adej tella d aḥric deg umensyatu n Adej ( tagelda n Adej ) . Tigzirt yedduklen tella tettwanbeḍ akk seg adej , armi tt-yefreq Tinerf ɣer tẓa n yiḥricen ( imensyatuten ) .

Mi yemmut Tinerf , ferqen-tt warraw-is ɣer tẓa n yiḥricen ( imensyatuten ) .
Tibbucin n teryel

**Tibbucin n teryel** (Isem ussnan:  **Cynomorium**) d yiwen n yimɣi ajenṭad imezgi amesdur ifsan.
## Aglam
Ɣezzif, yemmug am ugersal, maca tikwal yettili s telɣiwin d yinan yemgaraden. S umata, ini-ines yettili d azeggaɣ, d ademdam neɣ d awraɣ.
## Ideggan n wemɣay
## Tiwlafin
## Imniren
Gulussa

**Gulussa** yella d aqcic aɣerfan wis sin n ugellid Masensen . gulussa yuɣal d agellid n Numidya ɣer tama n watmaten-is deg 148 ST yeṭṭef aḥric meẓẓiyen seg tgelda yettwaferqen gar kraḍ n watmaten **.** 

## Tudert
Deg 148 ST , mi yḥulfa Masensen s lmut-is , yemmeslay d Skibyu Aymilyanus amek ara ferqen tamurt .

Yerra-d yiwen n unsay aqbur ɣer ugdud n Libu imi yefreq anbaḍ gar kraḍ n yimdanen , yesteɛref Skibyu yis-sen , kraḍ n warrac uɣalen d igelliden : Makawsen , Gulussa d Mastenbaɛl . Tettwafreq tgelda gar kraḍ n yigeldunen . Makawsen , amenzu yeṭṭef tamehla , i netta i wumi yefka Masensen taxatemt-is s wunnuɣ n Abizar , i yellan d azamul n tezmert . Gulussa yenbeḍ iserdasen . Ma d Mastenbaɛl , i ɣefd-nnan belli yemmeslay tagrigit , yettunefka-as leqdic n teɣdemt d wassaɣen akked yiqerra n yiderman yeddan yid-sen .

### Nnfaq d yiqertajiyen
Gulussa yesɛa tamussni meqqren ɣef nnfaq . Imi yelḥeq-d amennuɣ d yiqerṭajiyen . Di tefsut n 150 ST , yefteḥ netta d Makawsen asɣamu yettɣimi deg-s yimceyyeɛ anumidi . Maca iqerṭajiyen , yerfan seg masensen i asen-yekksen aṭas n temnaḍin , ugin ad gen adiwenni , macci kan d annecta , gan amek ara nɣen igeldunen mi d-uɣalen seg Qerṭaj . Tefka tigawt-agi n yiqerṭajiyen azref i yinumidiyen akken d nnaɣen d yiqerṭajiyen ɣef temdint n Uskurba .Yeqqim umennuɣ-a d tamentilt ɣer Rum akken ad d-sekcem iman-is ɣer tefriqt n ugafa . Itekka Gulussa d yiserdasen-is deg tnegluft n Qerṭaj (148 St ) 

## Tudert n tewser
Ardekal nnfaq n 148 St ulac d acu i nesla ɣef Gulussa d Mastenbaɛl  . Ur nessin melmi i mmuten neɣ akud n taggara n unbaḍ bu kraḍ n yigelliden . Nezmer ad nɣer seg tira ɣef uẓekka n Masensen belli deg 139 ST Makawsen yegled i yiman-is kan Numidya .

*
Tageldunt Cehrazad ( unnuɣen yettembiwilen )

**Tageldunt Cehrazad** d asaru n wunnuɣen yettembiwilen n tmurt n Fransa , yers-d i ubrid amezzwaru gar yiseggasen n 1996 -1999 , yettwasuqqel-d usaru ɣer tutlayt n tmaziɣt , tesɛeddat-id tliẓri n Berber Tv s teqbaylit .
Mastenbaɛl

**Mastenbaɛl** (tabuniqit : 𐤌𐤎𐤕𐤍𐤏𐤁𐤀, MSTNʿBʾ) d yiwen seg warraw unsiben n ugellid Masensen , agellid n Numidya, tagelda n yimaziɣendeg tefriqt n ugafa.Yefreq tagelda d watmaten-is mi yemmut baba-tsen
Ɛerbayun

**Ɛerbayun** (**Ɛerbayu**) d agellid ilelli aneggaru n Numidya , yegled aḥeic n umalu gar 44 d  40 ST . Akken id-yura Abbian , d mmi-s n Masensen II , d mmi-s n mmi-s n Guda , i yferqen Numidya d iḥricen gar warraw-is deg 88 ST , aẓar-is d amasili . 

## Anamek n yisem
Isem-agi n Ɛerbayun yettban-d uẓar-is d asami . Yezmer d yiwen d uẓar n wawal ( aɛrab ) , neɣ yekka-d seg wawal abuniqi rab id-yemmalen aɣella . Yella wawal-agi ula deg turah tahibrut ( aɣella ) daɣen deg taramit ( anembaḍ , aqerru yesɛan azal ) . A nni tamezzwaru ( Ɛ di tutlayt-nneɣ) d tasuqilt tamaziɣt n wawal abuniqi . S tnumidit yettqabal-it-id Mass "aɣella" , i yellan d iusem n baba-s n Ɛ)erbayun , Masensen II . Yefka-d umusnaw Jean Mazard deg 1955 tikti-ines belli isem i yettunefkan i Ɛerbayun yella kif-kif-it d win n baba-s , maca irumaniyen akken ad ten-semgaraden ssawalen-as s yisem-is abuniqi , imi d winna i asen-yeɛǧben . Tutlayin tanumidit d tbuniqit ttekkan ɣer ufurki n tutlayin timaziɣin tisamioyin n twacult n tutlayin Tefru-syawiyin .

## Imenɣi deg Sbenyul
deg nnfaq arumani n daxel deg 49-45 ST , Masensen II d mmi-s n ɛemmi-s Yuba II , anembaḍ n tgelda meqqren n Numidya n usammer , ddan d ujiniral arumani Gnayus Bumbyus mgal Yulyus Qayser . Deg 46 ST , yeɣḍel Qayser d urbaɛ-is Yunba d Masensen Ii , i yextaren tanɣimant , deg tnegluft n Tabsus . Yerwel Ɛerbayun akken ad yeddukal d terbaɛt n Bumbiyu deg Sbenyul . Teɣli tgeda n baba-s tettunefka i yimeddukal n qayser : amalu i ugerllid Buxus II n Muretanya ma d win n usammer , tedda yid-s Sirta , i Bublyus Sittyus , aceffar arumani meqqren , yettunefka-as uzref n unbaḍiman . Yezmer Sirta ur tettekki ara ɣer tgelda n baba-s maca ɣer tin n Yuba.

## tagelda-s n Numidya
Deg 44 ST , send lmut n qayser s cwiṭ kan , Yuɣal-d Ɛerbayun ɣer tefriqt , yerra-d tagelda n baba-s  yrexdem tagrawla maca di taggara yexser yemmut , tekfa ccetla n yigelliden inumiden ilelliyen .
Bitalyi Skakun

**Bitalii Volodymyrovych Skakun** (tukranit : Віталій Володимирович Скакун; 19 ɣuct 1996 -24 furar 2022 ) yella d aserdas deg yilel n tmurt n Ukranya , i wumi yettunefka waraz n yitri s wureɣ . Yefka tudert-is deg unekcum arusi ɣr ukranya n 2022 mi ysṭerḍeq ioman-is deg tqenṭert akken ad yesseḥbes iserdasen n Rrus ur ttizmiren ara ad kecmen iɣrem n Xersun .
## Tudert n temẓi
Ilul Sakun deg 19 ɣuct 1996  deg Berezhany deg umalu n Ukranya . Yeɣra armi d aswir wis kraḍ deg Berzahany , i deg tella yemma-s d taselmadt . Syin deg Lbib , Sakun yuwi-d agerdaz-is akken ad yeffeɣ d axeddam deg leqdic n usefsi n wuzzal , yuwi-d agerdaz-is seg tseddawit n Lbib .

## Leqdic
Deg unekcum arusi ɣer Ukranya n 2022 , tettunefka terbaɛt ideg iqeddec akken ad tḥudd iɣrem n Hinecesk . Imi d-qerben yiserdasen irusiyen syinna , ggan yiserdasen iyukraniyen leqrar akken ad huddeen tiqenṭert n yiɣrem-nni , akken ad ɛeṭṭlen yirusiyen id-ileḥḥun s agafa seg temcabigzirt n Lqerm yernu ad tent-err tmara ad zzin seg wansi nniḍen , yeger-d Sakun iman-is akken ad yerr lbumbat deg tqenṭert-nni .

Deg 24 furar 2022 , mi ysers lbumbat , ur yesɛi ara Skaun akud akken ad yerwel seg tqenṭert , yessawel i terbaɛt-is yenna-asen s wayen i yebɣa ad yexdem ; ihi yesṭerḍeq lbumbat-nni deg tfekka-as ihudd  tiqenṭert-nni , netta yemmut , irusiyen mi ufan ulac tiqnṭert ɛeṭṭlen akken ad kecmen iɣrem .

Deg 26 furar 2022 , yettunefka i Sakun waraz n yitri s wureɣ , d araz n usɣad n Ukranya ɣer yiserdasen , seg Uselway n tagduda Buludimir Zelenskyy.

Deg 28 furar 2022 , yessuter-d yiwen seg yinembaḍen n temdint n Brag , ad ɛiwden asemmi i tqenṭert n Libor Bezděk , i yessufuɣen ɣer usqamu n yimceyyeɛ n Rrus , ad t-rren ɣef yisem n Bitaliy Sakun . Yettwaqbel usuter-agi .

Deg 1 n meɣres 2022 yefka-as usqamu n yiɣrem n Bereany aɣara " n umezdaɣ n wbu nnif  n Berezany " i Sakun .
Akṛas

**Akṛas** neɣ **ahad** s tafrensist (mercredi), d ass wis kraḍ deg ussan n yimalas, gar Asinas d Akʷas.
Akʷas

**Akʷas** neɣ **amhad** s tafrensist (jeudi), d ass wis kuẓ deg wussan n yimalas, gar Akṛas d Asimwas.
Asimwas

**Asimwas** neɣ **sem** s tafrensist (vendredi), d ass wis semmus deg wussan n yimalas, gar Akʷas d Asiḍyas
Asiḍyas

**Asiḍyas** neɣ **sed** s tafrensist (samedi), d ass wis sḍis deg wussan n yimalas, gar Asimwas d Asamas.
Asamas

**Asamas** neɣ **arim**, s Tafrensist (dimanche), d ass uneggaru deg wussan n yimalas, gar Asiḍyas d Aynas
Biter Ban

biter Ban ( Taglizit : Peter Pan ) d awadem n tidmi n umaru Jims Matyu Bary ( JMBarry ) . Biter Ban d aqcic bu ccwal yezmer ad iferferur irennu ara deg Yila . Yettidir timzi-ines ur nkeffu deg tegzirt n Niberland ( Neverland ) D aɣella n terbaɛt-is n warrac iḍallen iqeddec d tewkilin n yilel ( mermaides ) d ugdud anaṣli n Temrikt d leǧnun d yiflisen d warrac n umaḍal-nneɣ seg berra n Niberland . Yezga yella deg wallalen n tussna , d usiwel ɣer tɣuri n leqdayec n Barry .
Yerna

**Yerna** d aɣella amaziɣ n Lewata , d amunak n yillu Gurzil , ixeddem deg uwanek n Tefriqt mi llant tegrawliwin timaziɣin di tlemmast n tasut tis vie . Yemhel ilewwaten di tnegluft n Silyum deg 544 , i deg yemmut uɣella Sliman d waṭas n yiserdasen ibiẓenṭiyen ttwaḥebsen .

Deg tegrest n 546/547 , yexdem am uɛessas aɣella n yiserdasen n Antalas , agrawliw amaziɣ-nniḍen . Sleḥqen ad sufɣen ibiẓenṭiyen .

Jan trujlita yelḥeq ad yaɣ Kusina d Ifisdayas . Maca Yerna yugi aya . Di tazzwara n 547 , ɣlin yiserdasen n Antalas d Yerna , ɣer tama n Sufitulla ( Sbayta n wassa deg tunes ) . aya yuwi-d : Tuṭṭfa n Antalas , d trewla n Yerna s usebdad iqeddsen n yillu-ines Gurzil ; syin yettwaṭṭef Yerna , yettwanɣa  , yernu hudden asebdad n Yillu Gurzil . Karkasan yeṭṭef amḍiq-is
Iɣumrasen U Zyan

**Iɣumrasen U Zyan** (1206 – furar/meɣres1283, يغمراسن بن زيان, isem aɣezzfan : *Iɣmurasen ben Ziyan ben Tabet ben Mohamed ben Zegraz ben Tiddugues ben Taaullah ben Ali ben Abd al-Qasem ben Abd al-Wad*) D win id-yesnulfan ccetla tazyanit . I ygelden tagelda tazyanit deg tlemsan deg umalu-n-ugafa n tmurt n Lezzayer s tlisa n wass-a .

## Tudert
Yella d mmi-s n udrum n yizenaten . Yesnulfa-d tamurt tazyanit deg 1235 , yennuɣ d yimwḥḥden armi d 1248 . Yemhel akken iwata nnfaq-is mgal Ayt Mrin d udrum aɛrab n Maqil .

Yexdem unembaḍ n Sebta tagrawla ɣef lxilafa n yimweḥḥden , yesteɛref s tgelda n Iɣemrasen d tmehla-ines ɣef temdint-is , ardekal aya-agi yegmen unembaḍ n yimweḥḥden ad yekcem Tlemsan maca yesseɣli iɣemrasen . Mi d-yelḥa lxalifa akken ad t-yeɣḍel yerna-t Iɣmurasen deg tnegluft n Uǧa , yettwazla  Lxalifa , wwin aqerru-s i yemma-s .
Ɛaṣi Ɛazar

**Ɛaṣi Ɛazar** ( tahibrut אסי עזר ; ilul deg 10 yunyu 1979 ) d imsekfeḍ n tiliẓri deg Israyel . Yessekfeḍ Big Brother - Israyel ( gma ameqqran ) akked Erez Tal armi d 2015 daɣen The next Star ( itri n uzekka ) akked Rotlem Sela . Yesnulfa-d daɣen Beauty and the beaker . Deg 2019 , yessekfeḍ timzizelt Eurovision n taɣect deg Tel Abib .

## Tudert
Ɛazar ilul deg Hulun deg Israyel aẓar-is d abuxrai uday d uyamani uday . Deg 2005 , yenna-d Ɛazar sdat akk medden belli netta d aberawtem ( iḥemmel irgazen ) . Akken cwiya yebda leqdic ɣef uttafttar , Mom and Dad : I Have Something to Tell You ( *Yemma d Baba sɛiɣ taɣawsa ad-awen tt-id-iniɣ* ) 

Deg 11 yebrir 2016 . Yezweǧ Ɛazer d urgaz-is asbenyuli Albert Benet xedmen tameɣra deg Barṣeluna .

Ɛazar yekcem di leqdic n umeslay ɣef yizerfan n yiberawtemen LGBT . Deg 2009 , terra-t tesɣunt n OUT gar 100 n yiwudam iḥerṭaniyen id-yeǧǧan later meqqren deg umaḍal .

DEg 25 yennayer tenna-d KAn ( tiliẓru tasrayilit ) d UER belli Ɛaza ad itkki deg usekfeḍ n temzizelt n taɣect n Turuft Eurovision , ɣer tama n yineɣmasen Bar Rafayli , Erez Tal d Lusi Ayub .
Mein kampf

**Mein kampf** (meskuli : Imenɣi-inu) d tameddurmant i d-uran Adolf Hitler d Rudolf Hess. Rudolf Hess iɛawen Hitler di tira n wedlis-a wanag ur yettunebder d ameskar.
Imtawayen n Evian

**Imtawayen n Evian** d lewfeq gar unabaḍ afransis akked Tirni n Weslelli Aɣelnaw (FLN) ass n 18 meɣres 1962.

Fransa testeεref s timunent n Lezzayer.

## Tizmilin
Erez Tal

**Erez Moce Tal** (tahibrut : ארז טל; ilul deg 27 yulyu 1961) D aneɣmas deg tiliẓri n Israyel .

## Tudert n temẓi
Ilul-d s yisem n Erez Ben-Tulila deg Tel Abib , Israyel , i yimawlan udayen . Baba-s Aharun ben-Tulila , yunag seg tmurt n Lezzayer , ma d yemma-s d tameṭṭut tudayt i ylulen deg Israyel . Tawacult-is tbeddel aɣara-ines seg tutlayt taɛrabt ɣer thibrut rran-t seg Ben-Tulila ɣer Tal ( s thibrut yebɣa ad yemmel nnda ) mi yesɛa ukkuz n yiseggasen deg yila-s 

## Leqdic

Yexdem Tal deg waṭas n wadgen gar assen asekfeḍ n Big Brother-Israyel , daɣen yessekfeḍ timzizelt n taɣect n Turuft n useggas n 2019 ( Eurovision 2019 ) id--yellan deg Tal Abib , Tamanaɣt tanmehlant n Israyel .
Tagrut

**Tagrut** (isem ussnan: **Rumex**) d yiwet n tewsit n yimɣan isaɣuren yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tegrinatin. Tilmas n tewsit-a ttemɣayent-d di Uṛuppa, Asya, Tafriqt n Ugafa yakk d Temrikt n Ugafa. 
## Aglam
## [[Talmest|Tilmas]]
* Asemmum — (*Rumex acetosa*).
## Imniren
Nubil

**Nubil** yella d agellid n udrum n yijbalen deg temnaḍt n Sur lɣezlan deg tubiret n wass-a yedder di tasut tis kraḍ ardekal talalit n umeɣlal Ɛisa , nnan-d fella-s yella d agellid akk i yǧehden deg wakud-is .

## Tudert-ines
Nubil yella d agellid amaziɣ yesnen talatinit , ssawalen-as kra agellid yettwarumenen ( bɣan ad d-inin yedder tudert n urumani xas akken ur yelli ara akenni , ahat tettunefka-as tɣelnawt tarumanit ) , yella d amasiḥi llant snat n taktiwin ɣef wajjed-ines : 

* Kra nnan-d fella-s belli yella d adunati , yekcem ajjed n wid yemgaraden d yirumanyen ikatulikiyen . Wigi cudden ifukal-nsen ɣer wajjed n dderya-s imi kra ttamnen s tkatulikit wiyaḍ s tdunatin . 
* Kra nniḍen nnan-d fella-s belli yella d amasiḥi akatuliki akka am yirumaniyen ,Ula d  wigi cudden ifukal-nsen ɣer wajjed n warraw-is ( Zammak , Firmus , Ǧildun , Kirya , Mazukan , Mazisil d Diyus , qqaren belli d awrat id-werten asɣan seg baba-tsen , afukal wis sin-nsen , d timezgida i yettwabnan ɣef yisem-is netta d tmeṭṭut-is tunṣibt Nunika ( Munika deg talɣiwin nniḍen ) i deg id-ufan amidag akatuliki .

Akken yebɣu Nubil yeṭṭef deg kra n wansayen iqburen i yellan ɣer yimaziɣen , akka am uzwaǧ d waṭas n tulawin , imi imaziɣen n zik nni llan ttezwaǧen d wugar n yiwet n tmeṭṭut d ayen i tugi tmezgida tarumanit takatulikit , ihi xas akken yettwabellez maca ur yebri ara i tulawin-is ( tameṭṭut-is tagejdant d Munika ) , Nubil ggten ɣur-s taklitin d tmeɛcuqin-is , kra rbant-d seg-s maca ur llin ara d unṣiben imi ur yesteɛref ara akk yis-sen , ur ɣ-d-wwiḍen ara yismawen-nsen ɣer-neɣ , ihi abellez-nni yella-d s yisem kan .

Yemmut  Nubil deg wazemz ur neẓri ara melmi-t , mi akken yettmettat d mmi-s Sammak i yeṭṭfen anbaḍ , maca yenɣa-t gma-s Firmus imi yedda d yirumaniyen , qqaren-d yimusnawen n umezruy belli yemmut mi akken yebda yimenɣi n Firmus . maca awal-agi ur yesɛi ara ifukal i yǧehden imi imenɣi n Firmus yebda ardekal lmut n Nubil , imi d-yeǧǧa adrim meqqren deffir-s yil yiwen seg warraw-is yella yebɣa ad ten-yesselḥu akken yebɣa .

### arraws-is
yesɛa-d Nubil ṣa n warrac unṣiben seg tulawin-is ( kra nnan-d akken belli seddis imezzwura llan d arraw n yiwet " Munika " anagar Zammak d mmi-s n tmeṭṭut n baba-tsen " , usan-d akk deg tfelwit n yismawen-agi : 

***Arraw n Nubil mi tekker tegrawla n Firmus .***
Tulawin n yigelliden imaziɣen iqburen

Yebder-d umezruy kra n temyercalin n yigelliden imaziɣen , ɣas akken ciṭ deg-sen id-yettwabdren , deg tfelwit-agi llant kra seg tulawin n yigelliden Iqburen
Bumilkar

__AUCUNSOMMAIRE__

**Bomilkar** (tabuniqit : 𐤁𐤃‬𐤌𐤋‬𐤒‬𐤓‬𐤕‬, BDMLQRT) Yella d ahaggar anumidi n tasut tis snat send tlaliot n sidna Ɛisa , d imseḍfer n ugellid anumidi Yugurten , i yexdeɛ umbeɛd .

Yettkel ugellid anumidi yugurten mliḥ fella-s , ɣef way-a d netta kan i yettceyyiɛ i leqdic uffir . Mi akken , yunag Yugurten ɣer Ruma , deg 108 ST , Bumlikar yexdem aɣawan akken ad ineɣ ageldun anumidi Masiba , umi ilaq ad yili di Rum imiren , i yellan , am netta am Yugurten s timmad-is , d mmi-s n mmi-s n ugellid Masensen , d yiwen n uxṣim i yḍemɛen akken ad yaweḍ ɣer unbaḍ n Numidya . Ufan-d Massiba yettwanɣa rran-tt-id ɣef Bumlikar , bdan ttwalin ma yella d netta neɣ ala , terra-t tmara ad ibed sdat uxxam n teɣdemt maca sen,d ad ibvedd dinna yerra-t-id sidi-s yugurten ɣer Tefriqt .

Deg yimenɣi n Yugurten yenbeḍ kra n yiserdasen maca ur yesselḥeq ara ad yerbeḥ , iqenneɛ Yugurten ad yesseḥbes imenɣi mi akken i as-mmeslayen yirumaniyen gren-as-d adrim ma yuwi-d yugurten yemmut neɣ yedder

Mi yexdem aneecta , yebda Yugurten yettcikki deg Bumlikar , d ayen i as-yefkan tabɣest akken ad ikemmel lexdeɛ-ines , yemsefham d Nabdalsa , yiwen seg yiheggaren inumidiyen , akken ad kksen anbaḍ i ugellid neɣ ad t-nɣen , maca ifaq-as Yugurten mi s d-yuweḍ lexbaṛ seg uqeddac n Nabdalsa , imiren i yenɣa Yugurten Bumlikar
Nabdalsa

**Nabdalsa** (tasut tis 2 ST) yella d aqerru n udrum d tmetti anumidi .

Seg mi i d-ilul i yella d anesbaɣur , yella iqeddec d ugellid Yugurten , i as-yefkan aṭas n lexdayem uffiren i netta kan , imi yeqreb akk annecta yefren-it-id Bumlikar akken ad nɣen akken Yugurten , maca ur yuwiḍ ara ɣer yiswi-ines ladɣa imi Nabdalsa ur yecliɛ ara aṭas deg leqdic-agi yeɛnan timenɣiwt n u ugellid ; ur s-yefki ara azal ameqqran i Bumlikar , yettwaṭṭef Bumlikar yettwanɣa , ur neẓri ma yella ula d Nabdalsa yettwanɣa ula d netta.
Masiba II

**Masiba neɣ Masiba II**  d ageldun anumidi amaziɣ , i udgin alluy n ugellid Yugurten ɣef unbaḍ n tgelda n Numidya , di taggara yenɣa Bumlikar.

## Isem-is
Llan sin n yigeldunen deg umezruy n twacult n Wat Ilas , Masiba I , mačči d ageldun-agi nneɣ d Masiaba II wagi d ageldun i ɣef id-nettmeslay . Masiba I yessen agellid Masensen di temẓi-s , Masiba II yelḥeq-d taggara ( neɣ ahat ula d tinna ur tt-yelḥiq ara ) n Masensen .

## Tudert-is

### izuṛan-ines
D mmi-s n ugeldun ( agellid ardekal ) Gulusa , Gulusa d mmi-s n Masensen , ihi wagi d ageldun mmi-s n ugellid Gulussa n Masensen n Gaya n Zilalsen . Iban belli wagi d mmi-s n temyercalt n ugellid Gulusa , imi lukan yelli d mmi-s n taklit akka am ugellid Yugurten tili ur yettnadi ara izerfan-is deg tgelda tili ad yeli akka am ugeldun Masgab .

### Tazɣent gar Himṣal , Aderbaɛl akked Yugurten .
Mi akken yettmettat ugellid Makawsen yejmeɛ-d Yugurten , Himṣal , aderbaɛl d Masiba deg teɣremt-is , akken ad yegḥbes tazɣent gar-asen , yerra-ten akk d arraw-is , ihi Masiba yuɣal ula d netta d mmi-s n ugellid , maca ɣas akken , tkemmel tezɣent-agi . masiba yella yebɣa ad yeṭṭef aḥric seg tgelda i yiman-is , ihi yerra ɣer yidis n Himṣal d Aderbaɛl i yessawlen i ufraq n unbaḍ , maca yugurten yezga yettagi , di taggara , mmsefhamen ad kksen yal awal id-yekkan seg ugellid Makawsen deg wussan-is ineggura , gar-asen mi ten-yerra d arraw-is , ihi Massiba yuɣal d mmi-s n Gulusa kan , tettwafreq tgelda i sin n yiḥricen , aḥric i Yugurten wayeḍ i Himṣal d Aderbaɛl , ur d-yebdir ara umezruy d acu i yeṭṭef Masiba , maca iban yella yesɛa aḥric ɣer tama n Himṣal d Aderbaɛl , ur s-yeɛǧib ara umur-is i yugurten dɣa yekcem win n warraw n ɛemmi-s yekcem ula d ɣer Sirta yenɣa Aderbaɛl , yerna yenɣa Bumilkar Himṣal mi t-id yufa yeffer deg texxamt n yiwet n tqeddact , imiren yerwel Masiba yerra ɣer yirumaniyen .

### imenɣi deg usqamu n yirumaniyen d lmut-is
Yessaweḍ Masiba Yugurten ɣer yirumaniyen imi yexdem ayen ur ilaqen ara , maca yugurten yezga yessusum irgazen n usqamu imi nutni qebblen rrecwa am wulac , maca Masiba yegmen ad yaweḍ ɣer wayen meqqren , anda ur yettizmir ara Yugurten ad yeɣleq iqemmac n yineɣrafen , ihi iceyyeɛ-d Yugurten aqeddac-is bumilkar i as-yekksen tarwiḥt , deg wass i deg ilaq ad d-bedden sdat n usqamu n yirumaniyen ufan-d masiba yemmut , faqen d lexdaem n Bumilkar .

## Ardekal lmut-is
Llan yirumaniyen gemnen ad d-sbedden Bumilkar sdat-nsen deg uxxam n teɣdemt , maca uqbel ad ibedd ad bdun anadi ɣef win i t-yenɣan , yelḥeq Yugurten ad yesserwel aqeddac-is ɣer tefriqt .

## Anamek n yisem
isem agi d isem amaiɣ alibi yewɛer ad naf aamek-is , aẓar n yisem MSWi yella deg waṭas n tira ahat yesɛa assaɣ d yismawen ibedddun Mass ( akka am Masensen ,  Mazuka , Mazisil ... ) ur neẓri ma d yiwern n unamek akked yisem "Mazippa " d isem n ugrawliw Mazibba ur nettwassen ara aṭas .
Masiba I

**Masiba I** d ageldun anumidi ur nettwassen ara nezzeh .

## Tudert
D  mmi-s n mmi-s n ugellid Gaya , mmi-s n gma-s n Masensen , iban-d deg Sbenyul deg useggas n 209 , mi akken yedda d ɛemmi-s Masensen , i nnfeɛ n yiqertajiyen , yella d ilemẓ iṣeḥḥan yettɣawalen ɣer yimenɣi , deg tnegluf n Bykula ideg , i as-yeɣli wayis-ines , yettwaṭṭef yettunefka i  Skibyun . Maca yerra-t-id s axxam-nsen s wayis ameqqran d waṭas n warazen d txatemt n ddheb id-yessebganayen belli Skibyun yeteɛref belli massiba d ageldun , Masensen i yellan yegmen ad yerr s idis arumani yenna-as i Skibyun tanemmirt imi s-d-yerra mmi-s n gma-s ( kra nnan-d d mmi-s n weltma-s Masilba , imi Ulzasen yesɛa kan sin n warrac Lakumazis d Kabusa ) .
Mazibba

**Mazibba** yella d aɣella n yimaziɣen , d aqerru n yiwen n udrum yeddan d tegrawla mgal yirumaniyen deg yimenɣi aǧituli , akkenni deg 24 ST  . Tagrawla-agi , ideg yeddukkel akkked Takfarinas , yiwen akkenni n umaziɣ uyellan d aserdas arumani itaxer-asen , i yellan d aqerru n udrum n Musulami , d adrum war-axxam d imaziɣen yeddren deg Awras mi llan yirumaniyen . Tagrawla-agi tella d nettat akk i d tameqqrant deg Lezzayer deg akk umezruy n ucengu arumani deg tefriqt n ugafa .

Yella umur n mazibba deg teggrawla-agi mlgal yirumaniyen d ugellid yuba II yeddan yid-sen akka : Takfarinas yettawi iserdasen i yimeznɣi d yirumaniyen , Mazibba yettawi kra n warraw n udrum-is sserɣayen kullec xeddmen rrebrab , sekcmen tuggdi deg wulawen n yirumaniyen , di taggara yemmut Takfarinas , ma d ayen i yeḍran in Mazibba ur t-neẓri ara .
Rosalie Chiang

**Rosalie Chiang** (tlul di 1 tuber , 2005)d tafennat d tamarut tamarikanit Tettwassen mi d-urar deg usaru n Pixar , turar-d taqcict Meilin "Mei" Lee deg 2022

## Tudert n temẓi
Chiang tlul-d deg born on October 1, 2005, idi Kalifurnya . Yemma-s n tmurt n Taiwan , ma d baba-s d mmi-s n Singapur
Gurzil

**Gurzil**,**Agurzil** (s Tifinaɣ ⴰⴳⵓⵔⵣⵉⵍ ) d illu n rrɛud d nnfaq deg wajjed amaziɣ aqbur , azamul-is d aqerru n uzgar . Ilul-d am mmi-s n yillu Amun d yiwet n tfunast , ɣef way-a i d illu yegan am uzgar .

## amzruy
Illu Gurzil d illu n udrum amaziɣ n Yilwaten sxedment deg yimenɣi-nsen mgal ucengu abizenṭi deg tasut tis vie . Deg wakud i deg ibeddu yimenɣi , reffden ilewaten azger yettaran udem-is ɣer tnila n yiɛdawen-nsen , wagi d asugen i yillu Gurzil . deg tasut tis vie ,yura-d umedyaz abizenṭi kurib belli yerna -aɣella n yilewwaten -yessexdeem Gurzil deg yimenɣi-ines mgal yibizenṭiyen, yerna daɣen d agerram n yillu " Gurzil mmi-s n Amun " .xedmen yilwaten isebdaden meqqren s wuzzal d usɣaṛ i yillu Gurzil . deg yimenɣiyen irulmaniye-ibizenṭiyen d yimaziɣen yenna-d Kurib belli , Yerna , agerram ameqqran n yimaziɣen d ugellid-nsen yettserriḥ i yiwen uzeggar yettwaǧǧan kan i yirumaniyen . Iserdasen n snat n tmura wehmen deg yisuɣan d leɛbada n yillu-agi , imaziɣen yellan s ddaw n leɛnaya n Antalas ssawalen i Yillu Gurzil ma d irumaniyen llan ttẓallan seg yidis-nniḍen akka : " Ad yeddu umeɣlal ( lmasiḥ) , yid-k ad yefk afud i yiserdasen-ik a Justinyan , s tezmert-is . A yababat yelhan aṭas , seḥbiber ɣef udabu n umenkad-nneɣ " mi fukken wid yesɛan tiflicin ttmiwaten gar-asen wa ijerreḥ wayeḍ .  

Mi yexseṛ dayen deg 547 , Yerna yerwel d tuggna iqeddsen n Gurzil , maca yettwaṭṭef sɣur yibizenṭiyen , ma d tugna tettwarẓa .

Ɣer yiyustriyen , aɣella ilaq ad yeṭṭef daɣen adeg n umunak ( agerram ) n yillu Gurzil , i yellan d illu agejdan .

Yezmer akken cwiya tessexdem tgellidt tamaziɣt Dihya asebded n Gurzil deg yimenɣi-ines akked yinselmen .

Aẓekka , id-ufan gar wayen id-yeggran seg Girza , deg Libya , balak tettunefka i Gurzil , yezmer isem n temdint s timmad-is yesɛa assaɣ d yisem-is netta .

Ssawalen-as daɣen i yillu gurzil " Jubiter n yimaziɣen " .

Kurib yefka-as i yillu n yimaziɣen aṭas n talɣiwin akka am Sinefre , Jubiter-Amun d Gurzil

Ufan-d tira deg useggas n 1864 deg Lebda di Libya tesɛa isem n Gurzil . wagi yezwar-d isem n saturn d ayen id-yemmalen azal ameqqran i yella yesɛa-t yillu-agi Gurzil , deg tidmi n yimaziɣen n zik .
Imuriyen

d isem alaatini i fkan yirumaniyen i ugdud yettidiren deg tgelda n Muretanya

## Akud arumani
Irumaniyen ass mi d-kecmen ferqen tamnadt ar sin n yixfan : Muretanya taqeysirt d Murtanya tatenjit , igduden-nsen d imurriyen 

## Akud ineslem
Mi kecmen yirumyen Andalus semman-asen i yinselmen n dinna Muri 

## Tilsin n yisem
ifransisen mi kecmen tamurt n Cengit ggan-as isem n Muriṭanya xwas akken tella tezga-d s ddaw n Muretanya taqburt
Masgab

**Masgab** d ageldun ur nettwassen ara nezzeh , d aqcic ar-unṣib  n ugfellid Msensen , ur yesɛi ara adeg deg teɣremt imi d mmi-s n taklit mačči d mmi-s n tmeṭṭut tunṣibt , ɣef way-a ulac d acu i nessen fella-s , ula d amezruy ur d-isaweḍ acemmek fella-s .

## Isem-is
Isem-is yekka-d seg yisem n yillu n Dugga deg tmurt n Tunes , qqaren-as daɣen Masgaba , illu-agi imi t-iḥemme Masensen yefka-as isem-is i mmi-s , d yiwen kan i t-id-ibedren d Titus Libyus , ulac d acu yerran imnadiyen neɣ imussnawen n umezruy neɣ imdanen-nniḍen ad issinen fella-s tiɣawsiwin imi d aqcic ar-unṣib yernu xuṣṣen yitaftaren fella-s , isem-agi n Masgab werǧin i t-yesɛi unebaḍ-nniḍen angar wagi , llan yismawen akniwen akka am Masgabes d Maskulula .
Tutlayt tamasidunt

**Tutlayt tamasidunt** (Isemiman: *македонски*) d yiwet n tutlayt tawend-uṛpt yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tutlayin tislavin n wenẓul (am tabulgart),  tettwamhez-d seg taslavt tamzikt. Tamasidunt tella d tutlayt tamaddudt n Yuguslavya seg useggas n 1945 alammi d 1991, sin akin tuɣal d tutlayt tamaddudt n Masidunya n Ugafa deg 1991 ass mi i d-tlul tmurt-a.

Azal n 2 n imelyan n yimdanen i ittmeslayen s tutlayt-a, tuget-nsen di tmurt n Masidunya n Ugafa, maca llan daɣen wid-ak yettmeslayen yis deg ugafa utrim n Wegrik, deg usamer n Albanya yakk deg wenẓul utrim m Bulgarya. Akken daɣen i llant tdersiyin n yiminigen deg Ustṛalya, Iwunak Yeddukklen n Temrikt yakk d Lalman.

## Asesmel
## Asedger araklan
## Amḍan n yimsawalen
## Tintaliwin
## Tajerrumt
## Anagraw n tira
## Imniren
## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tutlayin tislavin
Tutlayin tislavin

**Tutlayin tislavin** d yiwet twacult n tutlayin tihenduṛupiyin yeṭṭafaren tagrawt n tutlayin tibaltu-slavin. Tutlayin tislavin ssiliɣen-t-d tagrawt meqqren n tutlayin yellan yimsawalen-is di Uṛuppa talemmast d ubalkan d Uṛuppa n usamar d Ṣerbya d usamar afellay n Rusya yakk d Asya talemmast.

## Asesmel

Tagrawt n tutlayin tislavin tebḍa ɣef 3 n twaculin timutlayin: **Tasemrant**, **Tutrimt** yakk d **tnaẓult**. 
* Tawacult n usamar: 
** Tarusit
** Tabilarust
** Tarusint 
** Tukṛaniyt
* Tawacult tutrimt: 
** Tačikiyt
** Tasluvakt
** Tasuṛabt
*** Tasuṛabt tafellayt
*** Tasuṛabt taddayt
** Tutlayin tilixtiyin
*** Tapulunit
*** Takacubt
*** Tabulabt
*** Tasluvinst
*** Tasilizt
* Tutlayin tislavin n wenẓul
** Tutlayin tisiṛbu-krwatin
*** Takeṛwatiyt 
*** Tabusniyt
*** Tamuntinigriyt
*** Tasiṛbiyt
** Tabulgart
** Tamasidunt
** Tasluvint
*** Taprikmurt
*** Taresyant

## Asedger

## Amezruy

## Imniren

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Boushaki

**Boushaki** yezmer ad iqṣed :

## Medden
* Shahnez Boushaki - addal aqbayli n Lezzayer

## Amkan
* Yahia Boushaki - tamdint tamecṭuḥt n twilayt n Lezzayer
Yahia Boushaki

**Yahia Boushaki** (s taɛrabt: *يحي بوسحاقي*), d tamdint tamecṭuḥt, tezga-d ɣef yiri n yilel, deg wegmuḍ (ccerq) n tawilayt n Lezzayer (teqqen ɣer tɣiwant n Bab Zzewwar).

## Tteswira

File:Al Salam Banque مصرف السلام - panoramio.jpg|Yahia Boushaki
File:Tramway - panoramio (1).jpg|Yahia Boushaki


## Walit daɣen

* Tawilayt n Lezzayer

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Tutlayt tabilarust

**Tutlayt tabilarust** (Isemiman: *беларуская мова, bielaruskaja mova*) d yiwet n seg tutlayin tislavin n usamar  yeṭṭafaren twacult n tutlayin tiwenduṛupiyin. Ttmeslayent wazal n 10 n yimelyan n yimdanen, tuget-nsen di tmurt n Bilarusya (anda i tettumeggez d tutlayt tamaddudt), akken daɣen i llan wid yettmeslayen yis deg usamar n tmurt n Pulunya, deg ugafa n Ukṛanya, deg umalu afellay n Rusya zdat n tlisa-ines yakk d Bilarusya, yerna llan waṭas n Yibilarusen yettidiren di tmura n Iwunak Yeddukklen n Temrikt d Ustṛalya d Kanada d tmura niḍen di Uṛuppa.

## Asesmel

## Amezruy n tutlayt tabilarust

## Asedger araklan

## Tajerrumt

## Anagraw n tira

## Imniren

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tutlayin tislavin
Glafira

**Glafira** ( glaphyra 35 uqbel talalit -7 ) d tageldunt seg lanaḍul ( Turkya n wassa ) seg twacult n Hirudyan , syin d tagellidt ɣef Muriṭanya s rrcil d Yuba II , di taggara tameṭṭut n Hirud Arxilaws
Kasyan Aṭenji

**Kasyan Aṭenji**  (talatinit : *Cassius*), yemmut deg  3 dujember 298 deg Tingis  (ass-a d Tin Iggi  deg tmurt n Lmerruk) . D ameɣras amasiḥi i teḥseb tmezgida tamasiḥit takatulikit d tmmezgida tamasiḥit turtuduksit d agerram 

## Tudert
Akken i yellla d agerram yella daɣen d anezzarfu , mi d-wwin Marsil aṭenǧi akken ad ḥekmen fella-s s lmut yerfa Kasyan yerẓa imra d tferkiyin-ines seg reffu , yuiweḍ lexbaṛ ɣer Urilyus Agrikul anezzaarfu n uxxam n teɣdemt d unembaḍ n Muretanya taṭenjit , wwin-t ɣer usekraf mi d-ibedd sdat uxxam n teɣdemt ufant ula d netta yeṭṭef deg uɣiddi-ines am Marsil ihi nɣant akken i as-xedmen i Marsil yuɣal imirenb d ameɣras .

## Asfuggel
imezgida takatulikit : 3 duǧember .timezgida tanǧilit tabrutistantit : 28 tuber ɣer tama n Marsil aṭenji .
Tutlayt tarusint

**Tutlayt tarusint** (Isemiman: *русиньскый язык*) d yiwet seg tutlayin tislavin n  usamar yeṭṭafaren twacult n tutlayin tiwenduṛupiyin. Ttmeslayent wazal n 625000 n yimelyan n yimdanen di tmura n U
ugafa asemran Sluvakya, anẓul utrim n Ukṛanya, agafa n Siṛbya d kra n tɣerfin di tmura nniḍen am Pulunya d Ṛumanya. 

Tarusint tga d tutlayt tamaddudt di tama n Voivodina deg ugafa n Siṛbya.

## Asedger araklan

## Tajerrumt

## Anagraw n tira

## Imniren

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tutlayin tislavin
Marsil aṭenji

**Marsil** (s tlatinit, **') n [[Tin Iggi (Ameṛṛuk)|Tin Iggi]] , neɣ **Marsil bu twines n yiserdasen''' , yella d aɣella n twines n yiserdasen s wayes yennuy) . D yiwen seg yigerramen yettɛassan tamdint n Lyun id-yezgan deg tgeldfa n Sbenyul n wass-a . Kra n yimdanen , qqaren-d belli yella d aɣella ɣef yiserdasen n Tingis i yuɣalen tura d Tin Iggi . 

Yettwaḥseb d ameɣras ,  mi yettwanɣa ardekal tuṭṭfa-ines deg Tin Iggi , deg 30 tuber 298 . 

Gm : Agerram Marsil yella deg temdint n Lyun n Sbenyul macci tinna n Fransa .
Taɛrabt n Maser

**Taɛrabt n Maser** ( اللهجة المصرية العامية  /elˈloɣæ l.mɑsˤˈɾejjɑ l.ʕæmˈmejjæ/) d tantala i ttmeslayen deg Maser . Tekka-d seg tutlayt taɛrabt tiunṣibt i yesɛan aṭas n wid i tt-yettmeslayen : ugar n 78 n yifḍan ( imelyan ) deg Maser daɣen ttmeslayen-tt berra n tagduda deg tmura ideg ttidiren waṭas n yiminigenn imaṣriyen . Rnu -as , imi Maser tesɛa aḥric ameqqran deg umezruy n yidles aɛrab amaynut deg umaḍal aɛrab , ladɣa deg sinima neɣ deg lmusiqa , ur yelli ara d awezɣi ad gzun wid yettmeslayen tantalatin tiɛrabin nniḍen tantala tamaṣrit . D yiwet seg semmus n tantalatin tiqburin akk deg umezruy n tutlayt taɛrabt , ɣer tama n tantala tatunsit , tazzayrit , tameṛṛ)ukit d tcamit ( tasurit-tafalesṭinit-talubnanit ) .
Ticcufert

Kra qqqaren-d ɣef usɣan n ticcufert belli , **ticcufert** d ankar neɣ tigin n uɣiddi belli yella yillu akken yebɣu yili , ihi ticuffert tessernkad-d iman-is akka : d aǧɛalbelli ur yelli ara yuillu d awezɣi ad yili Rebbi , Illu-agi werǧin yelli , werǧin yezmir werǧin yexdem taɣawsa , aya ɣef yiwen n yillu neɣ aṭas . Ticuffert d tilawt belli werǧin yelli yillu **.**

Ticuffert tbeddel imeskaren d taktuwin 

Sawalen-asen i yicuffren s yikafriwen d wid yeffɣen i  ubrid neɣ wid idaɛen , icfaren zgan ttwakerhen ttwarran ɣer tama , zgan ttnaɣen d lmut ama deg tmura n warajjed .