open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Saɛid Cemmax

**Saɛid Cemmax** ilul 1968 di taddart n Ait-Buɣerdan (tura qqaren-as Assi-Youcef), tama n Buɣni, di tmurt n Leqbayel. Mbaɛd kra iseggasen n umennuɣ ɣef tmaziɣt deg Umussu Adelsan Amaziɣ (MCB), iṛuḥ ɣer Fṛansa anda ikemmel taɣuri-yis d unadi. Yessker duktura ɣef umawal n tmaziɣt. Tura, a-t-an d aselmad n tasenaslit di Teswadit Lmulud At Maɛmmer, di Tizi Wezzu.

## Tamselyut
*https://www.tamazgha.fr/
Ǧamal Benɛuf

**Ğamal Benɛuf** (Djamel Benaouf), d amaru, amedyaz, amuggay (argaz umezgun) aqbayli ilulen ass n 07 mayu 1960 deg Yiɣil Ɛli – Bgayet. Asmi yesɛa sḍis (6) iseggasen, imawlan-is ruḥen ɣer Wehran anda yettidir.

Ǧamal Benɛuf, d ameɣnas n tmaziɣt, d amesnulfu n terbaɛt «*Imnayen n Numidya*» deg useggas 1980, n tiddukla tadelsant « *Asirem* » di 1989, n tiddukla tadelsant « *Numidya* » deg useggas n 1990. Daɣen d amesnulfu n tesɣunt « *Azul* » aseggas 1990, yelmed tamaziɣt ɣer Kamal Nath Zerrad, yeḍfer akk timsirin i yefka si 1989 ar 1991.

D anagal, d amedyaz, amesmug daɣen amsullis, Ǧamal Benɛuf yettwammad d yiwen si tgejda n tsekla taqbaylit. 

Ǧamal Benɛuf yura aṭas n yeḍrisen nniḍen i werɛad d-nettwazreg ladɣa timezgunin. Tarbaɛt "*Tigawt d wawal*" i yeselḥay ḍran-as-d 29 warrazen ilmend n sa (7) tmezgunin i tessuli yakan.

Ǧamal Benɛuf yekki di tguri n llsas uselmed n tmaziɣt deg Wehran ideg yella netta d aselmad i tallit n 15 d aseggas.

## Imuhal

### Idlisen

* “Timlilit n tɣermiwin”, ungal, tizrigin  “l’Harmattan”, 2002, tullsa usizreg sɣur Tizrigin “Achab”, 2016;
* “Tujjma tuzzma”, ammud isefra (asuqel ɣer tefransist sɣur: Boucheneb Rabah et Hbib Hakim)), tizrigin “ l’Harmattan”,  2004;
* “Taklit n tayri”, tullist, asmel: www. imyura.net (2006);
* “Di tmurt uɛekki”, tamezgunt, tizrigin “HCA”, 2007;
* “Aneggaru a d-yerr tawwurt, yeččur wesqif n ṭṭmana”, tamezgunt, tizrigin “ENAG”, 2017;
* “Ccix-lkanun d Bu yefden”, amezgun, tizrigin “ENAG”, 2017;
* “Bu tfuset”, tamezgunt, tizrigin “Le Montagnard”, 2017

### Timezgunin

* “Di tmurt uɛekki“ (2003),
* “Aneggaru a dyerr tawwurt“ (2005),
* “Bu tcacit ulac-it“ (2007),
* “Ccix-lkanun“ (2011),
* “Turart n sa twaculin“ (2012),
* “Tuǳalin n ccfaya“ (2013),
* “Bu tmelǳiǳt d Bu tselǳiǳt“ (2014),
* “Tiǳwist taneggarut”, 2015

### Tamselyut
* Sɣur imyura.net
Ǧeɛfer Cibani

**Ǧeɛfer Cibani** d amyaru, d amdan n umezgun, d amyurar n isura d tmezgunin, d yiwen ger imeddukal n Muḥend u Yeḥya, yeqedec yid-s u yekki deg terbaɛt Muḥ Terri yuraren timezgunin-is deg iseggasen n 80 : Si Pertuf, Am win yettṛajun Ṛebbi, Si Leḥlu…am akken yurar deg usaru "Muḥend u Caɛban" (1994) iga Rezqi Harani i tceqquft n Muḥya id yerra ar taqbaylit seg udlis "Le Ressuscité" n umyaru n tmurt n Cenwa 'Luxun'. Yurar daɣen deg kra n isura irumyen am “L’amour tagué” (1995) n Bruno Carrière akk d “Avant l’oubli” (2004) n Augustin Burger. Deg useggas 1994, yessufeɣ-d adlis ɣer tezrigin SEELF i wumi imud azwel "Ddeqs nneɣ" (a d-nawi awal fell-as tikelt nniḍen). "Ddeqs nneɣ" yewwi-d ɣef tudert n yal ass, timsal yedder netta, timucuha timectaḥ ssawalen at zik…

Dda ǧaɛfer mačči kan d aya. D yiwen seg yemɣaren n tudrin nneɣ iwumi weznen lehḍur, wid ɣer tella tmussni. Taqbaylit ɣur-s d urar s wawalen, d ameslay s yinzan: Ayen yebɣu wemdan a t-id yini s tutlayt nniḍen, netta ɣur-s tiririt s teqbaylit. D agerruj wer nettfaka. Ass-a mi yewwi “lantrit”, yessawal timucuha di Fṛansa, timucuha izedɣen cfawat n temẓi-s.

## Tamselyut
* Imyura.net
Muḥend u Yeḥya

**Muḥend U Yeḥya** d argaz umezgun aqbayli, ilul di taddart n At Rbaḥ deg Ibudraren. Imut di Paris, Franṣa di 2004, di leɛmr-is 55 isegasen. Aṭas n ceqqufin umezgun id yerra ar teqbaylit si tutlayin nniden. Daɣen aṭas n iḍrisen umi yura i ccenayen n teqbaylit, gar-asen: Ferḥat Mhenni, Yidir, Takfarinas, Malika Dumran, Sliman Cabi, atg.

## Tamselyut

* http://www.tamazgha.fr
Aɛrab Sexxi

**Aɛrab Sexxi** d amedyaz, d argaz umezgun, d awaziw n tilizri aqbayli yettidiren di Kanada, di marikan ugafa. D yiwen ger iɛegalen n Tidukkla Tadelsant Tamaziɣt di Uṭṭawa-Ḥull, d anamzul uselway ines.

Ilul deg 1959 deg At Abdelmumen, di tama Iwadiyen. Ger waṭas n leqdicat ixedem, illa d ameskar n yiwet n tcequft umezgun ifazen, umi isema : *Tidak Nna Fa*.

## Tamselyut

*http://www.acaoh.ca
*http://www.imyura.net
Slimani

**Slimani**, d isem n ccna n unazur aqbayli **Meṭref Sliman**. Ilul ass n 08 uwenbir 1945 di taddart Agni Ḥmed di tɣiwant n Ayt Yanni. ɣur-es 4 n warrac. 

Iɣra deg uɣerbaz amezwaru deg Ayt Yanni, i syin ikemmel taɣuri ines deg CNET n Tizi Wezzu. Yuɣal ay xeddem di seḥra n Lezzayer di Lbiṭrul, iḥbes axeddim deg Yebrir n 2005. Tuddert n taẓuri ines teqqim azal n 10 isegasen kan.

## Izwal n tezlatin n Slimani

*A tazdayt n ttmer
*Ah ya dda Qasi
*Anwa igenɣan el ḥeq
*Awi-yi Awi-yi Awi-yi a ṭeyyera
*Baḥwasu
*Chud i wumi
*Steqsi-yi-d ay ussan
*Ixaq wul-is
*Mazal Lmumnin
*Walan-aɣ yak walan-aɣ
*Yir zwaǧ
*Ay argaz ruḥ m ad ttruḥeḍ (akw d tnazurt Ḥnifa)

*Am snat tecṛaḍ
*Awal ttnadiɣ
*Ayen yakw iɛeddan
*Deg (i)durar
*ǧǧiɣ-tt-in d mṭmentac
*Deg ubrid n tala
*Laɛqel d wul
*'Mini Jupe' a Faṭima
*Qim qim qim yid-i
*Ah ya lukan ya lukan
*Ammi
*Awiden id-iǧǧan lemtul
*Ayɣer aɛziz ayɣer
*Ddunit
*Lfiraq d gma-s n lmut
*Iḍelli kan
*Leǧwab ɣur-m
*Nek akw-d yid-s nemssebɣa 
*Temẓi

## Tamselyut
*http://www.racines-izuran.com
Farida At Ferrux

**Farida At Ferrux** d tamusnawt di tusna n wemdan d laṣel. Tlul di taddart Iɣil Bugni di Tamurt n leqbayel. D taselmadt di tesdawit 'Aix-Marseille I' di Franṣa anda tesɣaray tusna n laṣel (ethnologie). Tesufɣed adlis akw d umyaru Nabil Fares isem-is : de l’anthologie Effraction. Poésie du tiroir di 1993. Tetteka deg udlis aneggaru n Ṭaher Ǧawut umi isema : La Kabylie, photographies de A. Marok. Adlis i d yefɣen di 1997.

Adlis aneggaru n Farida At Ferrux d win umi tsema: *Cheikh Mohand, Le souffle fécond* (Volubilis, Paris, 2001. Tazwart n Muḥemmed Arkun).
Yalla Seddiqi

**Yalla Seddiqi** d yiwen umyaru d umnadi n tasuta tamaynut i zemren ad yefk iman amaynut i yedles aqbayli. Ilul-d ass n 1 yennayer 1970. Tira ines tettmekatay-d imyura imeqqranen am Ṭaher Ǧaɛut.

Yalla Seddiqi yettidir di Franṣa, yura aṭas n isefra deg waṭas n tesɣunin, u yarad yakw tizlatin n unazur Lwennas Meɛṭub ar tefranṣiṣt di yiwen n yedlis, umi isema *Lounès Matoub, Mon nom est combat*, id ifɣen ar tizrigin *La Découverte*, di 'Paris' di 2003. Isufɣed daɣen yiwen n wuṭun af Tamurt n leqbayel di tesɣunt *Europe*. 

Yalla Seddiqi, akw d umyaru Yazid Bekka, ssufeɣ-d yiwen n wedlis umi seman: *Kabylie belle et rebelle*, di 'Paris' deg 2006.
Muḥemmed Igerbucen

**Muḥend Igerbucen** d argaz uẓawan aqbayli i yettwasnen nezeh ama di tmazɣa ama berra deg umadal.
Ilul deg 1907 di taddart At Uccen, taɣiwant Aɣrib, di Tizi Wezzu. Imut deg 1954. Asmi isɛa 17 isegwasen ill yeqqar timsirin uẓawan. Deg 1923, yunag ar tmurt n Leǧliz akw d yiwen n wergaz n Ikus (Ecosse), Mas 'Fraser Ross'. Illa yesɛa akal di Cercal. Yiwen n wass illa di tmurt leqbayel, yesla i tjewaqt n umeksa amecṭuḥ Muḥemmed Igerbucen. Icaṭew, dɣa yebbwi-t yid-s i waken ad yelmed aẓawan. 

Ikcem ar uɣerbaz ageldan uẓawan (Royal Academy of Music), anda yelmed azawan seg ufus n uselmad Livingson.

Mas 'Fraser Ross' illan isɛa akal di tmurt n Tuṭrict, yewwi yid-s Muḥemmed Igerbucen ar tɣiwant n 'Wien' i waken ad ikemel almad uzawan deg iɣerbazen uẓawan imuqranen i yettwasen di 'Wien',  sddaw ifasen n usnelmad 'Alfred Grunfeld'.

Muḥend Igerbucen ise 18 isegasen asmi ifka 'Concert' ines amezwaru di 'Bregenz' deg wasif n Konstanz. Mi ɛeddan 3 isegasen u ulmad, yuɣal-d ar tɣiwant n Lezzayer, i waken ad izer imawlan-is. Lamaana ur iɛeṭel yuɣal. Isem-is yuɣal mucaɛ imi yuɣal iqedec ula d Aẓawan n isura. Asaru amezwaru umi yexdem aẓawan, d 'Aziza'. Isyin ixdem win usaru 'Dzair' af umḍiq n 'La Casbah'. Amseḍru isura Mas 'Duvivier' i sutra-s i waken ad yexdem aẓawan usaru yettwasnen:  "Pépé le Moko". 
Isyin ixdem aẓawan usaru "Terre idéale" af tmurt n Tunes.

Deg 1938, imlal d unaẓur Salim Ḥelali, yettwasnen imiren nezeh, i sekla-s azal n 50 n tezlatin. Isyin tebɛent-id inazuren wiyaḍ, ṭaqa deg-sen d leqbayel. Deg useggas agi, ixdem daɣen aẓawan n usaru   
"Kaddour à Paris" n Mas 'André Sarrouy'. 

Takubanit 'Metro-Goldwin' n marikan t sawl-as-d i waken as-yexdem aẓawan n usaru 'La Casbah', neɣ "Pépé le Moko" s marikanit. amaṭaf BBC n Legiz i sawlased i waken ad iselḥu 'orchestre symphonique' ines. Imnezhen igliziyen ur tǧeɛlen ara d aqbayli, ḥesbent d arusi, dɣa fkan-as isem  arusi *Igor Bouchen*.

## Tamselyut
* http://blog.ifrance.com/algeriartist/mohamed%20iguerbouchen
Hänsel d Gretel

**Hansel d Gretel**, neɣ s tutlayt talmanit **Hänsel und Gretel** d wiyet n tmacahutt mucaɛen si tmurt n Lalman (Jirmani), id yeffɣen deg 1812 sɣur imyura : Wilhelm Grimm d gma-s Jacob Grimm. 

Hansel d Gretel d yiwet n tmacahutt imucaɛn aṭas ger yakk t i yuran watmaten Grimm. Teffeɣ-d di Fransa deg 1985 ar tizrigin 'Michel Albin', teḥka-tt-id 'Sarah Hayes' s tugniwin n 'Colin Hadley'.

Amyaru d umedyaz Essaid At Maamar yessuqel-d u yemsas-d (adapter) tamacahutt agi ar tutlayt taqbaylit. Isem-awen n *Hänsel akw d Gretel*, yerra-ten s teqbaylit: *Ḥmiṭuc d Duduc*. Attan amek i tella temsast n tmacahutt agi ar taqbaylit. Atan wedris amek i yella (sɣur imyura.net): Ḥmiṭuc d Duduc

## Taḥkayt

Hansel d Gretel, s tewzel, wigi d sin watmaten, aqcic Hansel s weltma-s Gretel, d arraw n yiwen umzenzu n tesfaḍ, sbeɛden seg wexxam i wakken ad qelben af yiwen ugummu di tisgi. Yufa-d lḥal d iḍ, dɣa ṭsen armi s tufat (taṣebḥit), zdat n yiwet n tiɣremt (château) iččur d cakulat d yal tawsit (genre) n tiziḍanin. Lameɛna ur ẓran ara belli d yiwet n temhergit (taseḥḥart : sorcière) i izedɣen din, isem-is 'Massepain'. Hansel i ttwaṭef d ameḥbus, ma d Gretel tenna-yas d temhergit ad sewǧed i usewwi, dɣa Gretel teḍqer-is ar timest, u tesefɣ-ed gma-s d yal aqcic i yellan di takurmut (prison). 

## Tamselyut, Iseddagen & Izdayen Iberraniyen

* http://www.ricochet-jeunes.org/ 
* http://www.imyura.net
Cendrillon

**Cendrillon** d yiwet n tmacahutt taqburt i d-yura umeskar (auteur) alatini **Élien** (*Claudius Ælianus*) deg tidmi tis ⅠⅠⅠ seld tlalit n asar Ɛisa. Élien iḥka-d amezruy n yiwet n teqcict tamaṣrit, umi qqaren **Rhodope** (*[[:fr:Rhodope (courtisane)|Ῥοδόπη]]*), umi yuker Igider taṣebaṭ-is, u yeweḍa-s ugellid ferɛuni **Psammétique**, i iwehmen deg ṣebaḍ agi. Dɣa yahed iwakken slid taqcict isɛan aṣebbaḍ-agi ur izweǧ ara.

Tamacahutt agi n Cendrillon telḥa d acḥal n tidmi u deg acḥal n tmura akk d imenzaw (continents). Tura akka llant azal n 500 ilqam (versions) ines, akk mgaraden-t : si tmacahutt n Rhodope, ar tin n walqem n tmurt n Cenwa i yettwarun deg tidmi tis ⅠⅩ, ar win n tmurt n Arminya n **Bo Than**, neɣ alqem n uṭalyani **Giambattista Basile** umi isemm-a *Tamcict m’iɣiɣden* (*La Chatte des cendres*) deg 1634, neɣ asummur (ballet) n **Rudolf Noureev**, i yellan d tumgi taskilant (mythe littéraire) i ssqedcen, umi yawden aṭas n imeskar atraren am : **Luc Plamondon**, ameskar usaru azawan *Cindy, la Cendrillon des temps modernes* i d-yefɣen deg 2002.

Isem n Cendrillon ikka-d seg awal **Iɣed**. Di tmacahutt n Ccenwa, taqcict nni isem-is **Ye Xian** (*[[:zh:叶限|葉限]]*), i cuban ar w-awal almani **Aschen**, i bɣan ad yini **Iɣed**, dɣa am wawal n teǧlizit *ashes* i d-yusan seg iwen n wazar.

Tamcahutt n Cendrillon wid i s-yefkan iman, u aran-tt tettwasen ar ugar n medden di yal tamurt, d imyura n tmucuha **Charles Perrault** deg 1667 s walqem ines umi yefka isem *Cendrillon ou la Petite Pantoufle de verre*, akk d win n watmaten Almaniyen '''Jacob''' d '''Wilhelm Grimm''' deg 1812, umi fkka-n isem *Aschenputtel*, neɣ s tefranṣiṣt : Cendrillon.

Amyaru d umedyaz aqbayli Essaid At Maamar, yerra-tt id daɣen ar taqbaylit. Isemm-a-yas aken i yella w-azar n awal Cendrillon M-iɣiɣden. Di tmacahutt agi, anaf akk isem-awen, akk di medqan n tmurt tazawt. Atan wedris amek i gella (sɣuṛ imyura.net) : M-iɣiɣden.

## Walit daɣen
* Essaid At Maamar 
* Hänsel und Gretel

## Tamselyut, Iseddagen & Izdayen Iberraniyen
* Imyura
Imaziɣen ittwasnen

*Masnsen
*Yugurten
*Yuba I
*Yuba II
*Dihya neɣ **Kahina**
*Takfarinas agellid n **Numidya**
*Tin Hinan
*Kateb Yasin
*Saint Augustin
*Saleḥ At Tarif
*Amyne E. Qasem
*Lmahdi Muḥamed At Tumert
*Abdelmumin
*Gaya
*Ṭariq At Ziyad
*Misibsa
*Masiba
*Masteaban
*Arabion
*Hiempsal II
*Gulussa
*Kabusa
*Mastanabal
*Muḥamed Cafiq
*Lacumazes
*Saint-Gélase I
*Victor I
*Miltiade
*Metzul
*Narabas
*Ailymas
*Ulzasen
*Zilaisam
*Guda
*Hiarbas
*Adherbal
*Masensen II
*Abdelkrim Xetabi
*Cacnaq I neɣ Chéchonq I
*Lhewwari Ɛeddi d amusnaw n tusna n tmeti
*Zineddin Lyazid Zidan
*Yusuf Ḥaǧi
*Muḥemmed Arkun
*Idir
*Xalid Iẓri
*At Mengellet
*Lalla Faḍma n Summer
*Aksil
*Omar al-Mukhtar
*Isabelle Adjani
*Malika Ufkir
Pablo Picasso

**Pablo Picasso** (s Tespenyult: **Pablo Ruiz Picasso**), ilul di temdint n Malaga (Spanya) ass n 25 tuber 1881, immut ass n 8 yebrir 1973 di Mugins (Fransa) d imsuneɣ, d asreɣɣat yakk d anaẓur imeẓri Aspenyul , akken iga d yiwen seg inaẓuren yettwassnen yakk deg tsut tis 20 akken yettwasimes (yettwansab) ɣur-s ugalaz n usnulfu n amussu n tgesset deg tẓuri.

## Temẓi-ynes
Pablo Pecasso ilul deg useggas n 1881 g temdint n Malaga deg unẓul n Spanya seg twacult talemmast n tegnatin. Pablo Pecasso yella d aqcic amezwaru deg twacult-is, imma-s d María Pecasso (dɣa yeddem isem-is) ma d baba-s d José Ruiz yellan d aselmad n ussuneɣ.

## Kra idlisen af tudert n Pablo Picasso
* Léo Steinberg, *Trois études sur Picasso*, coll. Arts et Esthétiques n° 9, Editions Carré, 1996 
* Élisabeth Lièvre-Crosson, *Du cubisme au surréalisme*, coll. Les essentiels n°20, Milan, 1995 
* *Picasso, Form und Graphik/Sammlung Ludwig Köln*, VG Bild Kunst, Bonn, 1996.
* Catalogue *Musée Picasso de Barcelone*, Editorial Escudo de Oro.

## Imniren
At Yenni

* **[[At Yenni (taɣiwant)|At Yenni]]** d taɣiwant taqbaylit n twilayt n Tizi Uzzu,
* **[[At Yenni (lɛerc)|At Yenni]]** d yiwen lɛeṛc aqbayli.
Camy Lbaz

**Camy Lbaz** neɣ s yisem-is unṣib **Abdelqader Cmini** d yiwen yettekkan di tlalit n terbaɛt n Abranis. Daɣen d amyaru. 

Ilul ass n 26 tuber 1944 deg At Wertiran di temnaṭ n Leqbayel. Yunag ɣer tmurt n Franṣa netta di leɛmer-is 14 iseggasen. Ar ass-a d iminig, yedder gar Fransa d tmurt-is Lezzayer. Camy Lbaz mačči kan d anaẓur maca d amaru daɣen. Yura aṭas n wungalen, yessekles timucuha n zik ɣef iḍebsiyen CD Rom. ɣur-s mačči d yiwen usenfar deg wennar n tsekla.

## Ungalen yura d idebṣiyen n tmucuha ines

* *Orgueilleuse Kabylie t1 - La vie et la guerre* - L'Harmattan ISBN 2738433049, 1995.
* *Orgueilleuse Kabylie t2 - L'amour et l'espoir* - L'Harmattan ISBN 2738443621, 1996.
* *La fiancée du soleil* (Roman) - Éditions L'Harmattan, Paris, 2005.
* Contes Kabyles (volume 1) - *Le roi chauve en version kabyle et française*.
* Contes Kabyles (volume 2) - *Sybous en version kabyle et française*.
* Contes Kabyles (volume 3) - *L’épine en version kabyle et française*.
* Contes Kabyles (volume 4) - *Le roi chauve - Sybous et L’épine en version kabyle*.
* Contes Kabyles (volume 5) - *Le roi chauve - Sybous et L’épine en version française*. 

## Walit daɣen
* Abranis

## Tamselyut
* http://www.shamy.net/ 
* http://membres.lycos.fr/dzlit/orgkab.html
* Imyura.com
Tutlayt tacawit

**Tacawit** neɣ **Tawrasyant** (s tifinaɣ: **ⵜⴰⵛⴰⵡⵉⵜ**) d tutlayt ttutlayen Icawiyen di temnaḍt n Luras deg usamar n tmurt n Dzayer. Tacawit tḍeffer  afurk n Tutlayin Timaziɣin n ugafa yettekkan di twacult n tutlayin timaziɣin. Asdi id d-yiri tajerrumt tameẓẓyant n Tcawit G. Mercier (1896), yenna-d; imaziɣen izedɣen Luras semman iman-nsen *Hiqbayliyen*, semman tutlayt-nsen "haqbaylit". Awal n Teɛrabt *cawiya* yella kra n yir awal, anamek-is d **imeksawen**. Maca d awal i i seqdecen labas, al imir-a ula d imaziɣen n awras semman iman nsen *Icawiyen*, yerni tutlayt-nsen d*Tacawit*.

Igezda (lwilayat) anda ttmeslayen tutlayt-agi d: Tabatent, Xenclet, Suq Ahras, Um Lebwaqi, Tbessa, Qsenṭina, tiɣawinin di wenẓul n Sṭif d umur n ugafa n tmaẓlayt (tawilayt) n Tbeskert.

Tasnimeslit Tacawit 

*g > y (At ɛebdi): argaz > aryaz; 

eg > ey "sker" ; 

mger > myer ; 

bzeg > bzey/bziy 

*g > ǧ > j (Amag Azeggaɣ d At Fraḥ): gar > ǧar > jar ; 

tagrest > tajrest ; 

mger > mjer  ; 

ajenna ( c : kem > cem; 

neknin > necnin "nekni" ; 

(a)kal > cal "akal" 
 
*kk > čč : nekk > nečč ; 

kkat > ččat "wwet" ; 

nekkenti > neččenti. 

Wanag, aznaɣri amaziɣ /y/ tezmer ad tuɣal d tiggeɣt tanɣant /g, gg/ : 
*yis > gis "aɛudiw", yaziḍ > gaziḍ "ayaziḍ" (tama n Txencelt ed Temilit) : teyni > qeggeni "tini/ṭṭmer"... 

Zdat tiggeɣt taɛeẓẓugt – /y/ ad yuɣal /k/ > [ç] : Tazdayt > Tazdaçt ; 

Tahyuyt > Tahyut, "Taqcict"...

## Adelsumuɣ
* André Basset, *Textes berbères de l'Aurès (parler des Ayt Frah)*, Paris, Publ. de l'Institut d'Etudes Orientales, 1961
* Nordine Boulhaïs, "Recherches sur l'Aurès, bibliographie ordonnée", *Etudes et Documents Berbères* 15-16 (1998), is. 284-312 (aḍris s pdf) 
* Salem Caker, amagrad *Aurès (Linguistique)*, deg *Encyclopédie Berbère*, fasc.VIII (1990), is. 1162-1169
* G. Huyghe, *Dictionnaire français-chaouia (Qamus rumi-caui)*, Alger, Jourdan, 1906
* G. Huyghe, *Dictionnaire chaouïa-kabyle et français*, Alger, Jourdan, 1907
* Mena Lafkioui & Daniela Merolla, *Contes berbères chaouis de l'Aurès d'après Gustave Mercier*. Köln, Köppe, 2002 (ISBN 3-89645-382-3)
* Gustave Mercier, *Les Chaouia de l'Aurès*, Paris, Leroux, 1896
* Gustave Mercier, *Cinq textes berbères en dialecte chaouia*, Paris, Imprimerie Nationale, 1900
* Thomas G. Penchoen, *Etude syntaxique d'un parler berbère (Ait Frah de l'Aurès)*, Napoli, Istituto Universitario Orientale, 1973
* Adam Sierakowsky, *Das Schaui, ein Beitrag zur berberischen Sprach- und Volkskunde*, Dresden, Kraszewski, 1871, 137 is.

## Tiwelhiwin
Tafrikt tasebgast

**Tafrikt Tasebgast** d tamnatt n tefriqt ɣef way yettɛeddi usebgas (équateur).

*  São Tomé-ed-Príncipe.
*  Gabun
*  Tagduda Tamegdayt n Kungu
*  Tagduda n Kungu
*  Burundi
*  Rwanda
*  Uganda
*  Kenya
*  Ṣumal

## Igduden

Timiwa-yagi ttwassnent s Yefɣulen (pygmées). Wigi d imezdaɣen ineṣliyen n tmiwa-yagi. Xas ma yella zik, tamurt-nsen meqqret (tiẓegwa n Tefriqt Talemmast, Zayir, Kamirun, atg.), ass-a, ciṭṭaḥ kan maḍi ay d-yeqqimen deg-sen, imi aṭas n lumur ay ten-icewwlen. Ifɣulen d imecṭaḥ, ur ttimɣuren ara. Imeqranen deg-sen sɛɛan azal n lmitra d wezgen di teɣzi. Maci d aḍḍan ay uḍnen, wanag akka kan ay tga ccetla-nsen. Zik, medden llan ttewḥacen-ten imi ay d imeẓyanen yernu ttidiren kan di tẓegwa, anda ay ttṣeggiden ayen tetten. Ass-a, idles-nsen atan la inegger yernu yessefk ad d-rren medden lwelha-nsen ɣur-sen.

## Tmennaḍin n Tafriqt nniḍen

### Ɣef leḥsab n [[Tuddsa n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen|(ONU)]]

* Tafriqt Usamar
* Tafriqt Wenẓul
* Tafriqt Umalu
* Tafriqt Ugafa
* Tafriqt Talemmast
Aḥmed Ǧennadi

**Aḥmed Ǧennadi** d yiwen ger imenzawiyen n tilizri iqbayliyen. D amseḍru isura d tasgilin. 
Mmis n Bgayet isɛan 50 n yisegasen, d bab n ṣaṭ (7) n derya.

Yeɣra tizrawt n umzenzi, u yesɛa agerdas di tusna usedhan 'Comptabilité' i d yewwi di 1974, d ayen icban lbak n tura. Isyin iɣra azal n kuz isegasen di yiwen uɣerbaz n Lyon di Franṣa anda id yebwi agerdas n CED (Diplôme d'Expert Comptable). Anecta yella-d s wudem amneɣray imi di talit nni tawafɣa ar berra tella s ttesriḥ sɣur adadu n Lezzayer n imiren.  

Di tuddert-is **Aḥmed Ǧenadi** yexdem aṭas n tasɣunin. Yella d asedhan, d amdebbar (aɣella) usedhan, d anemhal n tedrimt, d anemhal amatu n tkebanit deg weḥric n lebni neɣ usali alama d 1984. Seg useggas agi yuɣal d alellam (Libéral), dima deg weḥric usali. 

Seg usegas n 1980, iger idaren-is deg weḥric usliqqel (Audio-visuel). Imiren yella ixeddem s Kamira n 'Super 8' s wayes ixdem aṭas n tugniwin i yeffer d cfawat. Deg 2001, imi yella iteddu ar Franṣa imlal-d d yiwen uwaziw n tilizri yettwasnen Muḥend Tafarka deg unafag Aban Ramḍan n Bgayet. Yarḍit ar Rradyu n tmaziɣt n BRTV, i syin iɛedad di tilizri ines. Anecta ibeddel amecwar-is imi s tmusni ines  deg usliqqel, akw d teqbaylit, ur iɛeṭel ara yuɣal ger iɛegalen n tilizri n BRTV ifazen ar assa. Seg ass-nni ara assa, i sewǧad yiwet n tasgilt yal amalas, umi isemma **Tamurt-iw**. Ar tagara n 2006, tasegilt-agi tesɛa azal n 483 n tedwilin. Gar asent, ma nezmer ad nader tidiwinin i yexdem akw d uneɣlaf amezwaru iɛedan Aḥmed Uyaḥya deg wexxam udadu, d kra udmawen n umussu n Laɛrac, am Belɛid Abrika d Ali ɣerbi. 

Deg 2006, isufɣed yiwen ussaru ɣezifen s tutlayt taqbaylit, umi isema **Aɛziz aken yebɣu y-ili**.
Anecta yella-d s illalen ines d lemɛiwna n kra n tkubaniyin am CRISTOR n Burǧ Buɛririǧ, EPB n Bgayet, d SOVAC n Lezzayer tamanaɣt. Deg 2007, isufɣ-d assaru xezifen wayed isɛan mraw (10) iḥricen umi isema **Ussan Nni**. Ma d assaru ɣezifen wis krad atan deg ubrud u sufeɣ. Azwel-is **Asirem**.
At Bu Ɣerdan

Adrum n **At Bu Ɣerdan**, aṭas tuddar i yellan deg-s (At Hiǧa, At Lkassem, At Hagun).
Tezga-d ger Amecras akked At Mendas. Tebɛad aka 10 Km si Buɣni.

### Asideg (timella)
Taɣiwant n At Bu Ɣerdan tella ar 40km deg unẓul-amalu n twilayt n Tizi Uzzu.

### Idurar

*At Bu Cama
*At Bu Dwala
*At Lḥaǧ
*At Lqasem
*At Ḥeggun
*At Ḥiǧa 
*At Hewwari
*At Waɛli
*Buǧala
*Buqellal
*Taddart Ufella
*Timsift
*Tinqict
*Tiqesray

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tawilayt n Tizi Uzzu
* Tidayṛiwin n twilayt n Tizi Uzzu
* Tiɣiwanin n twilayt n Tizi Uzzu

## Tira d timselɣa
Lhewwari Ɛeddi

**Lhewwari Ɛeddi** (s trumit : **Lahouari Addi**) d amusnaw n tussna n tmetti, tura d aselmad deg uɣerbaz n tizrawt n tsertit n Lyon di Franṣa. Ilul deg 21 yebrir 1949 di Wehran. Yura aṭas n yeḍrisen d tizrawt af tsertit amek i tleḥu di Lezzayer. Gar-asen(t): *De l’Algérie pré-coloniale à l’Algérie coloniale* (1985), *L’impasse du populisme* (1990), d *L’Algérie et la démocratie* (1994). 

**Lhewwari Ɛeddi** yettwasen imi yella d bab n wawal-agi **Régression féconde** i yeqqimen deg umezruy, af wayen i yeḍran di Lezzayer di temrawt taberkant n iseggasen 90.

## Adlis
* 
*  
*  
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Ɛisa

**Ɛisa** (Taɛebrit : ישו‎, *yacuɛ*) neɣ **Ɛisa n Nazarit** neɣ **Ɛisa Amasiḥ**, d amdan amenzu n wajjed n tamasiḥit. Ilul ger 8 d sin iseggʷasen send tazwara n tafada tameɣradant , yemmut ger 30 d 33 iseggʷasen umbeɛd. Isem-is daɣen 'Jesus-Christ' neɣ s wudem aḥerfi 'Christ'. S tyunanit taqburt isem-is Ιησούς Χριστός (*Iesous Khristos*). 

Aẓaṛ n wawal Ɛisa yusa-d si tutlayt taɛebrit : ישו‎ neɣ - *yacuɛ*, anamek ines d "Yehweh (rebbi) isellek". Ma d Aẓaṛ n wawal "Lmasiḥ" d wawal n taɛebrit  משיח - *macyaḥ*, neɣ win ɣef d-ters tanebaṭ n ***[[Rebbi]].*** 

Imasiḥiyen ḥesben-t d afessi akk d mmi-s n Rebbi. Wid yellan d 'Ikatulikiyen', d 'urtuduksiyen', akk d 'ipṛutistaniyen' ttadren-t-id am wergaz n tidet, u daɣen d Rebbi s tidet. Ɣur yinselmen Ɛisa d aneggaru deg nnbi beɛd Muḥemmed. Ma d udayen, ur t-ḥsiben ara d rrasul, wala d Afessi neɣ mmis n Rebbi.

## Tamselyut, Iseddagen & Izdayen Iberraniyen
* Wikipedia s tefransist d teglizit

## Izdayen
Tagelda Yedduklen

**Tagelda Yedduklen**, s teglizit **United Kingdom**, d tamurt tigzirt d-yezgan di Turuft, deg-s 4 tgeldiwin yedduklen : *England* ("Legliz"), *[[Tamurt n Yigaliyen]]*, Skutlanda (tigeldwin agi d *Great Britain*, "Britanya tameqqrant" di kṛaḍ yid-sent) rnu-asen *Northern Ireland* ("Irland n Ugafa").

## Tizmilin
Muḥend Tafarka

Muḥend Taferka, isem-is unṣib **Muḥend Barrache**, d yiwen umedyaz aqbayli n tama n Weqbu, di Bgayet. Daɣen d awaziw n tiliẓri n tmaziɣt BRTV di Franṣa, anda yesɛa yiwet n tesgilt (nnuba) umi isema **Tamedyazt war tilas**.
Busad Abdic

**Busad Abdic** d aneɣmas u d amyaru aqbayli, ilul di 17 yulyu 1943 di taddart Azuza, di Laṛebɛa n At Yiraten. Immut di mayu 1997, di rebraben i t yenɣan mi sṭerd.qen lbumba di ḥusin Day, di Lezzayer tamanaɣt. Ibda taɣamsa si 1965, ixdem i tesqamutt n tɣamsa APS, i tesɣunt *Révolution Africaine*, i weɣmis n *Algérie Actualité*. Si 1970 yuɣal ar weɣmis n *El Moudjahid* asmi i d yebbwi agerdas seg uɣerbaz n tɣamsa di Paris. Asmi i yarḍen s uḥetem isertiyen udabu n Lezzayer ad skecmen tagdut d tileli umeslay  si 1988 ar tmurt, **Busad Abdic** ixdem i yeɣmisen *El Manchar* (1991), d *Liberté* (1992), d *Horizons* (1994).

**Busad Abdic** yura idlisen, garasen:
**Pages glorieuses* (Tizrigin ENAL, 1982)
**Reflet* (Tizrigin ENAL, 1984)
**Circus - lation* (Tizrigin ENAL, 1986)
**Mots pour maux *(Tizrigin ENAL, 1988)

Daɣen yesɛa kra n yedlisen mazal ur d-neffɣ ara, izwal nnsen d :

**Tout le monde*
**Cet inconnu*
**Le nécessaire et le superflu*
**Des châteaux en espèces*

## Tamselyut, Iseddagen & Izdayen Iberraniyen

Aɣmis izuran-Racines
Ɛebdelḥamid Ben Haduga

**Ɛebdelḥamid Ben Haduga** d argaz aseklan, yiwen ger yergazen iseklanen imeqranen n tmurt n Dzayer. Ilul-d deg 9 yennayer 1925 di Menṣura yemmut deg 21 tuber 1996 di Dzzayer tamanaɣt.

Yeɣra g uɣerbaz arumi, yetbeɛ taɣuri-s s teɛrabt g al-ketania di Qsenṭina umbeɛd g tesdawit n Zituna g Tunes tamanaɣt, mmi d-yeqqwel ar tmurt n Dzzayer, yexdem kra n isallen s teɛrabt i mataf n BBC akk d ORTF aken ad iɛiwen iɣelnazrien xaṭar netta  yella d ameɣnas aɣelnazri, tmuqel-it temsulta imir-nni, yerwel ar Fransa g 1955, yekcem ar FLN asmi yella g tmurt n Tunes g 1958, iɛiwen g umataf n « Ssut n Dzayer »
Netta i yuran ungalen-is seg *Rīḥ El-Janūb* ("Abeḥri n wenzul", "Le Vent du Sud", 1971) ar *Ɣadan Yawmun Jadīd* ("targuɣ yiwen wemdal", "Je rêve d'un monde...", 1997, baɛd tmettant-is), isuql-iten-id ar tarumit Marcel Bois.

## Ungalen d tullizin
**Le Vent du Sud* SNED 1975 (tasuqilt si teɛrabt sɣur Marcel Bois) (yeffeɣ deg 1971) 
**La Fin d'Hier* (*Nihayat El Ams*), Dzayer, SNED, 1975 (tasuqilt si teɛrabt sɣur Marcel Bois) 
**La Mise à nu*, Dzayer, SNED, 1981 (tasuqilt si teɛrabt sɣur Marcel Bois) (yeffeɣ deg 1979)
**Djazya et les derviches* (*Djaziya wa darawic*), Dzayer, Entreprise Nationale du Livre/Editions Andalouses, 1983 (tasuqilt si teɛrabt sɣur Marcel Bois)
**Blessure de la mémoire : nouvelles*, 1996 (tasuqilt si teɛrabt sɣur Marcel Bois) 
**Je rêve d'un monde...*, 1997 (tasuqilt si teɛrabt sɣur Marcel Bois) 

## Tamedyazt
**Les âmes vacantes*, Dzayer, 2003 tasuqilt si teɛrabt sɣur Achour Fenni

## Amezgun
**Qaryat as-Safsaf* ("Taddart n usefsaf") recueil *Zilalun Zaɛruriya* (Tilluzin), Beyrouth (?)
Biljik

**Tigelda n Biljik** d yiwet tmurt n Turuft n Umalu, tesɛa tilisa id Fransa, Timura n Wadda, Lalman akw d Luxembourg. Deg tama ugafa-umalu ad naff Ilel n Ugafa ɣef taɣzi n 318 Km ger De Panne id Aarlen.
Prison break

**Prison Break** d isem n yiwet taseri tilizrit tamarikanit, teffeɣ-d deg 29 ɣuct 2005. Amseḍru-ines Paul Scheuring. Tamacahut-is ɣef yiwen wemdan yebɣa ad iseffeɣ gma-s seg lḥebs.
Le tuteur de Madame la Ministre

**Le tuteur de Madame la Ministre** (*Lwali n Lalla taneɣlaft*) d asaru n Djamila Amzal, ɣef wayen yezmer ad iḍru i tmeṭṭut n Dzayer s "le code de la famille" n tura. Tameṭṭut tezmer ad tuɣal ula d taneɣlaft (ministre), maca ma tebɣa ad taɣ argaz, ilaq-as lwali, (le tuteur), amzun tezga d taqcict tamecṭuḥt.
Asya

**Asya**, d nettat i d amenẓaw ameqṛan akk deg umaḍal. Tajumma-ines 44.579.000 km² (ikilumitren imkuẓen). D nettat daɣen i yesɛan aṭas akk n yimezdaɣ deg umaḍal. Zedɣen-tt deg 2011, azal n 4.164.252.000 n yimezdaɣen (Asyawiyen).
Amenẓaw

**Amenzaw** d amur meqqren n wakal.

## Imenẓawen n Umaḍal
* Tamrikt
* Tafriqt
* Asya
* Tukyanust
* Tantarktit
* Turuft
Mesṭafa Deḥleb

**Mesṭafa Deḥleb**, neɣ **Mus** akken s-qqaren, yella d yiwen umarir n takurt uḍar aqbayli. Ilul ass n 8 furar 1952 di Bgayet. Yella d yiwen ger imurar i mucaɛen. Iruḥ ar n terbaɛt n Paris PSG si terbaɛt n Sedan deg 1974 s wazal n 1,35 imelyan n Francs. D ssuma meqqren nezzeh imir-n. 

## Anda yurar
* Flohimont (petit drapeau) France
* 1969-1971 : CS Sedan-Ardennes (petit drapeau) France
* 1971-1973 : CR Belouizdad  Algérie
* 1973-1974 : CS Sedan-Ardennes (petit drapeau) France
* 1974-1984 : Paris SG (petit drapeau) France
* 1984-1985 : OGC Nice (petit drapeau) France

## Ayen yerbeh
* Taqbuct n Fransa deg 1982 d 1983 akw d PSG.
* D amurar agreghlan n tmurt Lzayer
* D amurar wis sin n PSG i xeddmen aṭas iswiyen s wazal 98 n isyiwen di 306 temliliyin n dabeɣ ger 1974 d 1984.
Tutlayt tacelḥit

**Tacelḥit** (s tfinaɣ: ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵙⵉⵜ, ⵜⴰⵛⵍⵃⵉⵜ) d tutlayt i ttmeslayen isusiyen deg tmurt n umeṛṛuk, Tasusit d yiwet seg tutlayin timaziɣin, dɣa tettas-d d nettat i d tamezwarut si tama n wemḍan n yemdanen i yettmeslayen s yis, anda amḍan n yimsawalen-is yewweṭ ahat 12 imelyan, syin teṭṭafar-itt-id Teqbaylit s wazal n 7 n imelyan. Ma ɣas tutlayt tamaziɣt zik tettwaru s isekkilen n tfinaɣ, ila tura mas titaran s isekkilen ilatiniyen neɣ s isekkilen aɛraben, maca iseggasen-a igguran yelesd IRCAM iseffeɣ-d yiwen n ugemmay amahnu f tifinaɣ tamzikt. Imyura i d-yessufuɣen idlisen, nutni deg tuget deg-sen ttarun s isekkilen ilatiniyen n temɛemmrit.

Ɣas akken ula d tasusit kecmen-tt wawalen n taɛrabt, nezmer ad d-nini d akken d nettat yakk i d tantala ideg ttugẓen (ttuḥerzen) waṭas n wawalen imaziɣen iẓaranen seld n Tetergit,  amedya d izwilen (chiffres) i d-mazal deg-s ar assa, ayen yeǧǧan Iqbayliyen i d-yelhan d usegmi n tutlayt-nsen d usekfel n tgemmi tutlayant tamzikt ad d-agmen aṭas seg-s aladɣa seg iseggasen-nni n 70 ɣer da.

Tella tattayt n Wikipedia s tcelḥiyt.

## Awalen iberraniyen deg Tsusit

Kra n wawalen i d-yekkan seg Teɛrabt :
 

Kra n yimedyaten akked awalen kifkif akked Talatint :
 
Kra n imedyaten umgirred gar tsusit d teqbaylit :
 

## Tiwelhiwin
Ɣ

**Ɣ** d asekkil seg ugemmay alatini ameqqran, yekka-d uẓar-is seg usekkil agrigi : gamma (γ).

## Unicode

*Asekkil ameqqran Ɣ : `U+0194` ;
*Asekkil amecṭuḥ ɣ : `U+0263`.
Ɛ

**Ɛ** d asekkil seg ugemmay alatini ameqqran, yekka-d aẓar-is seg usekkil agrigi : ipsilen (epsilon ε).
Dɣa asekkil-a mač d aẓaṛan (anaṣli) deg tutlayt Tamaziɣt, Acku yusa-d d anekcam

## Unicode

* Asekkil ameqqran Ɛ : `U+0190` ;
* Asekkil amecṭuḥ ɛ : `U+025B`.
Tutlayt tarifit

**Tarifit** (s Tifinaɣ: **ⵜⴰⵔⵉⴼⵉⵜ**) (qqaren as **Tmaziɣt** deg Warif) d yiwet n tutlayt Tamaziɣt yeṭṭafaren afurk n tutlayin timaziɣin n ugafa, Tarifit ttmeslayen s yis azal n 4 n imelyan n Irifiyen deg ugafa n tmurt n Umeṛṛuk. 

## Asesmel
Tarifit temrawas (tettemcabi) s waṭas ar Tcawit yellan deg ugafa asammar n Lezzayer acku i snat-nsent (Tarifit d Tcawit) d tutlayin tiznassin akken daɣen yella kra n umcabi gar-as d Teqbaylit.

## Tukza tamaddudt (tunṣibt) s Trifit
Tarifit deg Tgelda n Umeṛṛuk d tutlayt tamaddudt seg 2011, Deg Spanya llant kra n tiddukliwin tidelsanin deg temdint n Mlilt d Sebta ssuturen-t seg udabu n temdinin-a asmudded (asenṣeb) n Trifit acku azal n 40% n imezdaɣ n Mlilt d 25% n imezdaɣ n Sebta ttmeslayen s tutlayt-a, Akken daɣen yeɣɣar usqamu n tiddukla n Uruppa tukza n Trifit d akken-it d tutlayt n tdersant acku snat n temdinin-a ṭṭafaren-t tamurt n Spanya igan d agman deg tiddukla n Uruppa.

## Anagraw n tira
Seg useggas n 2003 Tarifit tuɣal tettwaru s isekkilen n tifinaɣ.

## Abdar n wawalen
imgirrden ger Tarifit d tutlayin timaziɣin nniḍen:

* /l/ yuɣal-d /ř/, Amedya : **aɣyul** -> **aɣyuř**
* Ur nentiq ara /r/ asmi yellan qbel asekkil: *tadda*'r**t'' -> ''tadd**aa**t''. 

Lemmer tella tiɣra mbeɛd /r/ a t-nenteq, Amedya : nenṭeq /r/ n ''tamara''.
* /ll/ yuɣal-d /ǧ/, Amedya : **yelli** -> **yeǧi**.
* /lt/ yuɣal-d /č/, Amedya : **weltma** -> **wečma**.
* S umata /k/ yuɣal-d /c/. 
* Aṭas n tikwal, ur nenteq ara awṣil ''a-'', Amedya : **afus** -> **fus'''

## Tiwelhiwin
Tazayant

**Tazayant** neɣ **Tazayit** d tutlayt i ttmeslayen Iẓayyan. Irzi ayi d tantala n tutlayt Tamaziɣt n weṭlas alemmas.

## Amezruy

## Addad

## Agemmay
Code Geass

***Code Geass*** d anime seg tmurt n Japun, yura-t Ichirō Ōkouchi u yessuneɣ-it Clamp. Yeffeɣ-d deg tiliẓri n Japun deg Wamber 2006. 

Tamacahutt-is deg 2010 ɣef yiwen unelmad deg tsennawit, yemmagred yiwet n teqcict tefka-as tazmert n *geass*, yezmer ad yesseqdec imdanen akken i d -as yehwan, mi i d-asen-yenna get kra,ad t-gen, maca tazmert-agi tleḥḥu yiwet n tikkelt kan akked yiwen umdan.

S Geass, yebɣa ad d-yawi tilelli i tmurt n  Japun, acku teɣli deg ifassen n Britania deg useggas n 2010.
Tunes

Tezga-d tmurt n **Tunes** (s teɛrabt تونس) deg Tefrikt n ugafa, tamanaɣt ines isem-is daɣen Tunes tamanaɣt, tesɛa talast akked tmurt n Lezzayer deg ama ataram, d tmurt n Libya deg ama amalu, ilel Agrakal s umalu, d ugafa, 40% n tmurt-is d Aneẓruf (Ṣṣeḥra), ameslay amensawi n tmurt n Tunes d tutlayt taɛrabt, lamaɛna, llant kra n tuddar anda ttmeslayen s tmaziɣt deg wenzul.

Dinna daɣen i yella Dduḥ n tɣerma taqerṭajt g timdi tis 3 uqbel talalit n Ɛisa.

Tewwi-d tilelli ines ass n 20 meɣres 1956 yella isem-is tagelda n Tunes, seg imir ass n 25 Yulyu 1957 tbeddel isem-is d tsertit-is, yeql-ed isem-is *Tagduda tatunsit*.

## Tarakalt
### Iɣerman (Timdinin)

*Tunes tamaneɣt
*Susa
*Takerwant (Kairouan)
*Sidi Bu Saɛid
*Ḥemmam Susa
*Baja
*Aryana
*Ben Ɛruṣ
*Duz
*Janduba
*Jerjis
*Gammart
*Lgaṣrin
*Lbardu
*Lemḍila
*Maṭer
*Mednin
*Mjezz Lbab
*Midun
*Munastir
*Imaṭmaṭen
*Nabel
*Nifḍa
*Qarṭaj
*Qerba
*Qlibya
*Rades
*Sbaytla
*Sejjnan
*Ṣfaqes
*Silyana
*Tabursuq
*Taburba
*Tuzer
*Tabarka
*Benzart
*Gabes
*Wardanin
*Zeɣwan
*Ɣardimaw
*Ɛin Drahem

## Amezruy

**Tunes** amezruy ines mitɛlleq s imaziɣen,si zik n zik imaziɣen ḥekmen di Tunes yerna llan deg-sen Iqabsiyen d imezwura n imaziɣen ,d iɣellaten imeqqranen Imaziɣen fɣen seg Tunes am Massnsen, Hannabaal, Dunatus, Aksil,Dihya, U Ɛerfa (Ibn Âarfa), U Seḥnun, Iziriyen, Iḥafsiyen, Ɛli Ben Ɣeḍehem... 
Tunes, isem-ines d Amaziɣ yusa-d seg yensa d tunes d amken anda ensen iqarṭajiyen qbal ass elli fɣen deg-s bec ddan zdaxel Tamazɣa.

## Tadimugṛafit
### Imaziɣen di tunes

Di **Tunes** llan imaziɣen , d lâdad nsen 168 igmimen di tutlayt d 6,5 imelyan di lɛireq ḥasseb test adn, d gar 800 igmimen d 1 miliun ssnen sawalen s tmaziɣt.
Tawssna tamaziɣt di tunes tella,maca ur llant tidduklin n Imaziɣen n Tunes d tella lbideya n lwaɛy af tamaziɣt di tamurt tagi.

Tagzirit n Ǧerba,iɣrmen n Maṭmaṭa,iɣrmen n Sened, Tameɣza, Cninni, Dwiret, Amekraḍ n Yezwawen (Zwawa) (Zriba, Takruna, Jradu), Idurar n Xmir, Icawiyen n Lgasrin d aṭas iɣermen de tsawal s tmaziɣt ar ass-a.

Di tunes ula aṭas tiqbaylin ɣur-sent aẓar amaziɣ am Wlad Jlass, Wlad Ɛayr, Lefracic, At Majer, Sewsi, Wlad Xmir, Iwerɣemmen (Werɣemma), Nefzewa (Inefzawen), Amdun, Wlad Ɛun.

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Ablog n Duktur Wirghmi
Qurayc

Adrum n **At Qurayc** tella zik d adrum ameqqran izedɣen deg temdint n Mekka (anida tura tezga-d tgelda taɛrabt tasaɛudit). Deg wedrum-nni ilul-ed wizer (rrasul) Muḥemmed.
Ajjed

**Ddin** neɣ **asɣan** d tagrawt n tektiwin d tifelsin id yesskanayen iswi n tudert d tallunt ɣer wid yettamnen yis, Akken yettwasen tikwal d Taflest yettwaqqnen ar tmiṭafizikt d tisunayin, Akken yeqqen daɣen d tɣara

## [[Tudayt]]
Tudayt d asɣan amezwaru ideg ttamnen medden d akken yella yiwen n yellu kan. Isem-is s Thibrut *Yehweh*, Udayen ur zmiren ara ad bedren isem agi acku ɣur-sen d amuggi (leḥram). Yellu g tudayt ila (yesɛa) iylan i t-yettallen, yuzen amazun ɣur ifganen i wakken ad ttamnen yyis

## [[Tamasiḥit]]
G trumit yellu d amesnalfu yuderen ɣer medden s iman n wedmaw umi ssentayen yissu.

## [[Islam|Tineslemt]]
G tneslemt, Yellu d yiwen maca ur yudir ara, Muḥemmed d amazun aneggar yakk ara ad yazen yellu ar ifganen, i wakken ad t-defren yakk s umgarad n tgurmiwin-nsen d initen n sen d tutlayin-nsen
Nicolas Sarkozy

**Nicolas Sarkozy**, ilul-d g 28 yennayer 1955 g Paris, d aselway n Fransa seg 16 mayu 2007 ar 15 Mayyu 2012.

## Tameddurt

Isem-is ameqqran : **Nicolas, Paul, Stéphane Sarközy de Nagy-Bocsa**, meɛna isem-agi ur yettusseqdac ara aṭas. baba-s, Pál Sárközy, yekka-d seg Hongri u yuɣal-d d arumi, yezweǧ akk d Andrée Mallah, yelli-s n ṭbib uday iwumi yekcem ɣer tamasiḥt.
Tamaziɣt n weṭlas alemmas

Imaziɣen n Umerruk alemmas semman tutlayt-nsen d **Tamaziɣt**.  Imusnawen n tesnawalt qqaren-as daɣen **beraber**.  D yiwen n yeḥricen imeqranen n tmaziɣt i meslayen deg Lmerruk : wiyaḍ d tacelḥit (Merruk n Wenẓul) akked tarifit (Amerruk n Ugafa). 

Tamaziɣt n Umerruk alemmas, deg-s aṭas n tentaliwin, nezmer a nefrez deg-sent sin yeḥricen : win n ugafa d win n wanẓul.
*Tantaliwin n ugafa : Ayt Zuggwat ("Zemmour"), Igerwan, Ayt Nḍir, Ayt Myill ("A. Mguild"), Ayt Sadden, Ayt Yusi, Iziyan, Iceqqiren, Ayt Ɛeyyac.
*Tantaliwin n wanẓul : Ayt Izdeg, Ayt Ḥaddidu, Ayt Merɣad

## Adlesumuɣ
*E. Laoust, *Cours de berbère marocain - Dialecte du Maroc Central (Zemmour - Beni Mtir - Beni Mguild - Zayan - Ait Sgougou - Ichqern)*, Paris, Geuthner, 19393
*Miloud Taïfi, *Dictionnaire tamazight-français (parlers du Maroc central)*, Paris, L'Harmattan-Awal, 1991, ISBN 2-906659-00-07
*Ernest T. Abdel-Massih, A Reference Grammar of Tamazight, Ann Arbor, Center for Near Eastern and North African Studies - The University of Michigan, 1971
*Olivier Durand, Lineamenti di lingua berbera. Varietà tamazight del Marocco centrale, Roma, Università "La Sapienza", 1998 (Studi Semitici n.s. 15)
*Thomas G. Penchoen, Tamazight of the Ayt Ndhir, Los Angeles, Undena Publ., 1973
*Alfred Willms, Grammatik der südlichen Beraberdialekte, Glückstadt, J.J. Augustin, 1972

## Tiwelhiwin
Agemmay agrigi

**Agemmay agrigi** d agemmay yettuseqdac di tira n tutlayt tagrigit segmi lqern wis 9 uqbel Ɛisa. Yekka-d uẓar-is seg ugemmay afiniqi. 

Igrigiyen ṭṭfen agemmay afiniqi, beddlen isekkilen-is u rnan-t tiɣra (voyelles), yuɣ lḥal agemmay agrigi d agemmay amezwaru i yesɛan tiɣra.

Agemmay agrigi yettwura seg uzelmaḍ ɣer uyeffus. Yettubeddel geddac tikkwal u yefka-d aṭas n igemmayen : Alatini, Aqebṭi, Ssirilik... atg. 

## Agemmay atrar
Ṭṭabla deg ukessar tesskan isekkilen n ugemmay agrigi atrar, mkul asekkil yesɛa aẓari-is deg ugemmay afiniqi.

## Agemmay aqbur

## Tamselyut
*U0370.pdf 
*unicode.html
Addad

**Addad** d awal yesɛan kra n inumak :

***[[Addad (imɣi)]]**, imɣi ittusemma daɣen d *Atractylis gummifera* (s tefransist isem-is d *cardon *)
***[[Addad (lweḥc)]]**, lweḥc ittusemma daɣen d *Ammotragus lervia* (s tefransist isem-is d *mouflon *)
***[[Addad (tajerrumt)]]** d awal amaynut, anamek-is d talɣa n yisem: *addad ilelli* (état libre) neɣ *addad amaruz* (état d'annexion)
Addad (tajerrumt)

**Addad** d awal amaynut yesnulfa Mulud At Mεemmer mi yura tajerrumt-is n teqbaylit s teqbaylit. Addad d taskant (lxeṣla) ger teskanin n yisem deg tutlayin timaziɣin merra, siwa kra n tantaliwin n Libya, n Maṣer, ak° d Mawritanya.

Ismawen ineṣliyen n tmaziɣt (mačči d ireṭṭalen seg tutlayin-nniḍen) sɛan sin n waddaden: addad ilelli (s tefransist *état libre*) d waddad amaruz (*état d'annexion*). 

**Addad ilelli* d talɣa n yisem mi yella di tazwara n twinest (phrase), neɣ ma yella d assemmad usrid (complément direct). D amedya : *argaz* (a. ilelli), *ẓriɣ-t* (neɣ : *argaz, iruḥ*, atg.), yerna : *ẓriɣ argaz* atg.

**Addad amaruz* d talɣa n yisem iḍefren tanzeɣt (d amedya : *(ak°) d wergaz*, *sɣur wergaz* atg.), neɣ yellan d ameggay (sujet) deffir wemyag (le verbe) (d amedya: *iruḥ wergaz*, atg.). 

Addad amaruz  n yismawen yezmer ad yili : 
:**a*+ CV- (*a* + targalt [consonne] yiwet)  > *uCV-* (d amedya : *aSAru* > *uSAru*)
:**(asg°et: *i* + CV- > *iCV-* (addad ilelli  win amaruz kifkif-iten, d amedya : *iSUra*)
:**a* + CC- > (*a* + sin tergalin) *weCC-* (d amedya : *aRGaz* > *weRGaz*)
:**(asg°et: *i* + CCV- > *yeCCV-* (d amedya : *iRGazen* > *yeRGazen*)
:Mi d-yebda waddad amaruz s wezgenaɣri (semi-woyelle), tanzeɣt (la préposition) *n* ur iban ara, maca azgenaɣri ad yuɣal d ussid (aɣezzfan, redoublé): *n wergaz* > *wwergaz* ; *n yergazen* > *yyergazen*. (*ww* inṭeq d *bb<sup>w</sup>* neɣ *gg<sup>w</sup>* ; *yy* inṭeq d *gg*).
:Mi d-yebda waddad amaruz s tiɣri (voyelle) mačči s wezgenaɣri, tanzeɣt (la préposition) *n* ur tban ara (*n* + *u*/*i* yuɣal d *uu-* neɣ d *ii-*), maca iluɣa n tira bɣan dima ad tettwaru. 

## Adlesumuɣ
* Mouloud Mammeri, *Tajerrumt N Tmaziɣt (Tantala Taqbaylit) - Grammaire berbère (kabyle)*, Paris, Awal/La Découverte, 1988 ISBN 2-906659-00-03
Agemmay ssirilik

**Ssirilik** d agemmay ixelq-it-id Siril g lqern 9, ttarun syes tutlayin am tarusit, tukranit, tutlayin tislaviyin nniḍen.

## Izdayen iberraniyen

* Unicode n isekkilen n Ssirilik
La Dépêche de Kabylie

**La Dépêche de Kabylie** ("Tabratt n Tmurt n Leqbayel") d aɣmis (ajernan) azzayri yettwarun s tefransist akked tmaziɣt deg iseggasen-agi ineggura. Uṭṭun amezwaru yeffeɣ-d deg wass 13 yunyu 2002. Win it-id-ixelqen d Leɛmara Benyunes, aneɣlaf aqbur n Butefliqa. Aɣmis-agi iḥemmel aṭas Butefliqa d ukabar n Benyunes *UDR*.

## Azday (aseɣwen) aberrani

Asmel (adeg) n weɣmis
Tifeffeɣt tazzayrit

**Tifeffeɣt tazzayrit yettwarun s [[tafransist|tefransist]]**

*El Watan
*Liberté
*Le Matin (ur iteffeɣ ara seg wasmi d-ḥebsen anemhal-is Muhammad Benchicou)
*Le Soir d'Algérie
*La Dépêche de Kabylie
*Le Quotidien d'Oran
*La Tribune
*La Nouvelle Republique
*La Voix de l'Oranie
*Le Buteur
*Le Jeune Indépendant
*El Moujahid (deg-s asebter s tmaziɣt)

**Tifeffeɣt tazzayrit yettwarun s [[taɛrabt|teɛrabt]]**

*الشروق

**Tifeffeɣt tazzayrit yettwarun s [[tamaziɣt|tmaziɣt]]**
*Iẓuran
*Awal
*Asalu
*L'hebdo n Tmurt
Agraw imaziɣen

**Agraw imaziɣen** (neɣ *Académie berbère* s tefransist) d tiddukla tettwanulfa d (tettwaxleq) di 1966 g fransa, llan deg-s Muḥend Arab Besaɛud, Ṭawes Ɛemruc, Sliman Ɛazem, Muḥemmed Arkun ...atg.

Agraw imaziɣen mechur (yettwassen) isem-nsen axaṭer d nutni i ssidiren tifinaɣ, u snulfan-d asenǧaq amaziɣ. Tikkwal, Agraw imaziɣen uran deg lmagazin *Imazighen* s ugemmay n tifinaɣ.
2004

## Tidyanin
* 26 dujamber - Tsunami ameqqran (8,9 legrad n teskala Richter) deg Ugaraw Ahendi.

## Timettanin deg 2004
* 1 yulyu - Marlon Brando (ameskar n usarug n Marikan)
* 24 ctamber - Françoise Sagan (tamarut tafransist)
* 9 tuber - Jacques Derrida (afiluzuf arumi)
* 11 wamber - Yaser Ɛerafat (aselway n Ifilasṭiniyen)

## Tira d timselɣa
5 yulyu

Ass **5 [[yulyu]]** d ass wis 186 n useggas (wis 187 deg iseggasen *bisekstil*). Llan 179 wussan deffir-es ar taggara n useggas.

= Ayen yeḍran =
* 1294 - Celestinus wis 5 yuɣal d lepap baɛd *Kunklaf* n 27 n waguren
* 1811 - Azarug n Venezuela : d tamurt tamezwarut n Lamirik n wanẓul i yuɣalen tilellit seg Spenyul
* 1830 - Lɛasker n Fransa kecmen tamdint n Dzayer (wwḍen-d ar Sidi Freǧ ass 14 yunyu)
* 1903 - Paris : yebda Tour de France amzwaru
* 1946 - Xelqen bikini
* 1962 - Azarug n Dzayer.

= Wid ilulen =
* 1580 - Carlo Contarini, *doge* (aselway, aqerru) n Venis († 1656)
* 1781 - Sir Stamford Raffles, wi d-yebnan Singapur
* 1810 - Phineas Taylor Barnum, bab n lesirk († 1891)
* 1820 - William John Macquorn Rankine, ajenyur n Lekoss († 1872)
* 1853 - Cecil Rhodes, aserti n Tefrikt n Wanẓul († 1902)
* 1865 - Hans Ziemann, eḍḍbib († 1939)
* 1871 - Miguel Asín Palacios, anmezray n Spenyul († 1944)
* 1889 - Jean Cocteau, amaru arumi († 1963)
* 1892 - Ezio D'Errico, amaru aṭelyani († 1972)
* 1909 - Andrej Gromyko, aselway n Teddukli Tasufyetikt
* 1911 - Georges Pompidou, aselway n Franṣa († 1974)
* 1943 - Pierre Villepreux, amurar n rugby arumi
* 1946 - Giuseppe Furino, yettusemman *Beppe*, amarir n takurt uḍar aṭelyani
* 1966 - Gianfranco Zola, amarir n takurt uḍar aṭelyani
* 1968 - Alex Zuelle, amazzal s tbisiklit
* 1975 - Hernan Crespo, amarir n takurt uḍar n Tarjentint
* 1982 - Alberto Gilardino, amarir n takurt uḍar aṭelyani
* 1996 - Dolly ulli, mammifer amezwaru i yettuklunin

= Wid immuten =

= Leɛwacer =
2005

## Ayen yeḍran
* 19 yebrir - Joseph Ratzinger yuɣal-d d *lepap*, isem-is amaynut d "Benedictus wis XVI".
## Wid ilulen
* 31 tuber - Leonor, "infanta" (yelli-s n ugellid) n Spanya.

## Wid immuten
* 10 fuṛaṛ - Arthur Miller, amaru n Marikan (ilul-ed deg 1915)
* 6 yebrir - Ranieri wis III n Monaco (ilul-ed deg 1923)
Yulyu

**Yulyu** d ayyur wis 7 n useggas. Deg-s 31 wussan. Isem-is yekka seg tlatinit *Iulius*, isem n Yulyus Sizar, amenukal n Rum, win isemma ayyur-agi.
23 yunyu

Ass **23 yunyu** d ass wis 174 n useggas (wis 175 deg iseggasen *bisekstil*). Llan 191 wussan deffir-es ar taggara n useggas.

= Inelfuyen (Ayen yeḍran) =
* 1894: Asnulfu n Tasmilt Tulempayt Tagreɣlant

= Wid ilulen =
*1972 - Zineddin Lyazid Zidan d amarir n takurt uḍar n Franṣa
*1976 - Patrick Vieira d amarir n takurt uḍar n Franṣa
= Wid immuten =

= Leɛwacer =
Lqern wis 19

Lqern wis 17 | Lqern wis 18 | **Lqern wis 19** | Lqern wis 20 | Lqern wis 21


Iseggasen 1800 | Iseggasen 1810 | Iseggasen 1820 | Iseggasen 1830 | Iseggasen 1840

Iseggasen 1850 | Iseggasen 1860 | Iseggasen 1870 | Iseggasen 1880 | Iseggasen 1890





----
**Lqern wis 19** yebda aseggas 1801, yekfa aseggas 1900.
11 ctember

## Ayen yeḍran
* 2001 : sin isafagen (ṭṭeyyarat) kecmen g World Trade Center g teɣremt n New York, yerna wiyaḍ kecmen g wexxam amellal d Pentagon.
14 yulyu

Ass **14 yulyu** d ass wis 195 n useggas (wis n 196 deg iseggasen *bisekstil*). Llan 170 n wussan deffir-s ar taggara n useggas.

## Ayen yeḍran
* 1798 Tagrawla n wegdud n Fransa ɣef tagelda i gellan ass ni, rẓen lḥebs n Labasti (La Bastille), susfɣen-d izerfan n umdan
Yennayer

**Yennayer** (neɣ **nnayer**) d ayyur amezwaru n useggas. Deg-s 31 wussan. Isem-is yekka seg tlatinit *Ianuarius*, ayyur anda llan leɛwacer n yakuc *Ianus* (isem-is seg *ianua* "tawwurt"). Yanus yesɛa sin wudmawen : yiwen yeskaden ɣer deffir (ar useggas i d-iɛeddan), wayeḍ yeskaden ɣer zdat (ar useggas amaynut).

yennayer yekka-d seg tlatinit *ianuarius*
yennayer d ayyur amenzu daɣen d ass amezwaru n useggas anda imaziɣen ttmagaren't s tmeɣra.

## Ẓer daɣen

Yennayer agellid n wayyuren
Ayyur (akud)

::**ASEGZU** : Ma tetsagaleḍ ***Ayyur***, d itri, ẓer ***[[Ayyur (itri)]]***

**Ayyur** neɣ **Aggur** neɣ d amur n useggas. Aseggas, deg-s 12 waguren, yal yiwen yesɛan 30 neɣ 31 n wussan (28 neɣ 29 deg wagur n fuṛaṛ). Ismawen n waguren s teqbaylit kkan-d seg Tlatint.

**Ismawen n wagguren s [[Tlatinit]] akd s [[Tmaziɣt tulugen]] neɣ s [[Tmaziɣt]] deg [[Tafriqt n Ugafa]]** 



## Adlesumuɣ
* H. Genevois *Le calendrier agraire et sa composition*, Fichier de Documentation Berbère 125 (1975.1)
Furar

**Furar** d ayyur wis 2 n useggas. Deg-s 28 wussan ; kull 4 iseggasen irennu ass igan 29. Isem-is yekka seg tlatinit *Februarius*.
14

## Ayen yeḍran
* Yebda Germanicus ttrab deg Lalman (s tlatinit *Germania*) (ad yefru deg useggas 16).
* Tiberius, yuɣal d amenukal n Irumyen beɛd tmettant n Augustus.

## Wid ilulen

## Wid immuten
* 19 ɣuct - Roma Augustus, amenukal n Irumyen (ilu-ed deg 63 u.Ɛ.)
11

## Ayen yeḍran
* Tekfa tgelda n Erato tagellitt n Armeni
## Wid ilulen
* Liu Penzi (劉盆子) (wer nessin ara melmi yemmut) : ad yuɣal d amenukal n Ccin (dinasti Han)
## Wid immuten
* Marcus Antistius Labeo, amussnaw yessnen aẓref n Roma.
Tudayt

**Tudayt** d ddin amezwaru i deg ttamnen yudan belli yella yiǧ n  Yellu 

Isem Rebbi s tɛebrit d יהוה (Yahuh), maca udayen ur zmiren ara ad neṭqen isem-agi, axaṭer ɣur-sen ḥram. Inin nitni אדני *adonay* ('agellid-iw') deg tẓallit d השם *Hacem* ('Isem' s tmaziɣt) deg wawal.

Rebbi deg tudayt yesɛa lemluk i t-yettɛawanen, yuzen rrusel ɣur medden akken ad ttamnen yi-s. Yahweh yextar agdud : agdud n israyil akken ad zzuzren awal-is.

Udayen ttganin lmasiḥ,ara ten-iselek d ad yebnu tamurt n Israyil tamqqrant: Erezt Israyil, lmasiḥ-agi ɣur-s tazmert n wessidir wid yemmuten. Udayen ur ttamnen ara belli Ɛisa d lmasiḥ axaṭer ur yezmir ad yexdem ayen yettwuran deg wedlis-nsen (turat), ur yebni ara tamurt n israyil tameqqrant, ur ten-yeslik ara seg ifassen n Rruman, tella daɣen yiwet tamacahutt ɣef Ɛisa sɣur imasiḥiyen, mi asen-d-yenna bell netta d lmasiḥ, udayen ṭṭfen-t rnu ddan yid-es ɣer tameqqbert, nnan-as : "ssidir wid yemmuten!". Udayen n tura ur qbilen ara Ɛisa d lmasiḥ axaṭer deg tmasiḥt, Ɛisa d mmi-s n Rebbi, ɣur Udayen, Rebbi ur yesɛi mmi-s.

Mazal ar tura udayen ttganin lmasiḥ. Yuɣ lḥal, udayen xelqen tamurt n Israyil mebla tallalt n lmasiḥ deg 1948, kra n wudayen nnan-d d akken ayen-agi d leḥram, yessefk ad gganin lmasiḥ.