open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Karim Tizuyar

**Karim Tizuyar**, neɣ **Karim** kan s yisem-is d anaẓur, neɣ **Karim T**, d ameẓẓawan, d amedyaz, d acennay aqbayli. Ilul ass n 02 deg meɣres 1963, di Sidi Mḥemmed (Lezzayer tamanaɣt), laṣel-is seg At Ksila deg tama n Bgayet. Yemmut ass n 28 deg mayyu 2023.

## Tameddurt-is
Karim Tiziwar yettwassen s umundul i yekkat s tɣara ifazen. Yekker-d deg taddart n Tala n Tazart i d-yezgan s 9 ikulimitren ɣef Leqṣer. Yella yesɛa 21 isaggasen asmi yerza ɣer Paris, anda ixuleḍ kra ifennanen armi d-yemlal d Buǧemɛun Semɛuni i t-yewwin ad yekcem deg terbaɛt Agraw. Deg useggas 1985 yettekka di kra n tmeɣriwin yid-s, yerna deg tesfift i d-yeffɣen : Lexmis d Lǧemɛa.
Karim yuɣal yeṭṭaxer seg terbaɛt-a, deg 1987 yessufeɣ-d tasfift-s “Ay agiṭar” i yelḥan akken ilaq, syin yerna-d wiyaḍ.

## Iḍebsiyen
* 1985 : Lexmis d lǧemεa (akked Agraw)
* 1987 : Ay agiṭar
* 1989 : Attan truḥ
* 1994 : Weḥdi weḥdi
* 2002 : Iruḥ zzhu
* 2004 : Ma nettraju
* 2010 : Lǧawi
* 2019 : Mirak
Tuddsa n UNESCO

**Tuddsa n yeɣlalen yedduklen i usegmi, tussna d yidles** (s tnglizt: *United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization*) s usegzel: **UNESCO** d tanegga yemmuzzgen teṭṭafar Tuddsa n yeɣlanen iddukklen. Tanegga ayyi tekkr-d deg useggas n 1945  
Iswi agejdan n UNESCO d attekki deg usersi n telwit d teflest s werfad n uswir n tallalt gar n tmura n umadal deg tɣula n tezrawt d yidles i wsersi n uzrekki (lemqadra) d teɣdemt d tugdut d izerfan n wemdan d imenzayen igejdanen n tlelli 
Azal n 195 n iwunak ṭṭafaren tuddsa n UNESCO. Ammas-is yella di temdint n Paris, akken daɣen i tla (tesɛa) ugar n 50 n tnariyin d kra n isuda n tezrawt deg kra n tmura n iden. 
UNESCO tla (tesɛa) 5 n iswiyen igejdanen gan d: Asedwel, Asrzrew (aselmed), Tussniwin tigamanin d tussniwin tilsanin d timettiyin, d yidles , akken daɣen id t-dehhel neɣ id t-ttall kra n isenfaren am usgemmay d usluɣmu atekniy yakk d wahilen n ussiɣer n isezrawen (iselmaden) yakk d isenfaren imazrayen d irakalen d taggaẓt n izerfan n wemdan

Yiwet gar tuɣdaṭin (cceɣalat) n UNESCO ad taleɣ umuɣ n ideggan n tgemmi n talsa. Ideggan-a gan d ideggan imazrayen neɣ igamanen dɣa taggaẓt-nsen d ayen id t-ssutur tmetti tagreɣlant maca mači d tawuri neɣ tuɣdaṭ n UNESCO  

## Amezruy

## tiwura d wahilen igejdanen

## Tasuddest

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Ԑli Dilam

Ԑli Dilam i ilulen ass n 29 di yunyu 1967 deg Lḥerrac di Lezzayer, d amsuneɣ n tɣamsa azzayri. Yessiẓrig tikarikaturin-is deg uɣmis azzayri  *[[Liberté]]*, d tilivizyu n Fransa TV5 akked uɣmis anamlas *Charlie Hebdo*.

## Amecwar
Yeɣra deg uɣerbaz aɣelnaw n tẓuriwin icebḥen, seld timesbaniyin n 1988 ideg yettekka, yebda amahil-is deg uɣmis *[[Alger Républicain]]* deg useggas 1989 syin deg  *Le Matin* di 1991 uqbel ad yekcem ɣer *[[Liberté]]* i 1996.
Taddart n rrif

Rrif d yiwet n taddart g tmurt n Lezzayer, tezga-d g ugezdu n Bgayet, addawugezdu n iderginen, taɣiwant n Tsexriwt.

## Tarakalt

### Tizgin
Taddart n Rrif tezga-d g unẓul-amalu n tɣiwant n Tsexriwt deg talast n tɣiwant n At smaɛel, taneggarut-a tezzi-as-d i Rrif f snat n tamiwin: agafa d umalu, ɣef wunẓul ad-naf asif n at smaɛel, ɣef usamar d asif n bertit.
Robin Williams

**Robin McLaurin Williams**, ilul ass di Chicago Illinois, d acennay, aceṭṭaḥ, amaru n tezlatin amarikani.
Afus

**Afus** ɣer ufgan d agman gar yegmanen ifellayen, yezga-d deg taggara n yiɣil. Yal afgan ɣur-s sin  n ifassen, **afus ayfus** akked **ufus aẓelmaṭ**, yal afus ɣur-s semmus (5) n iṭudan d idikel, s yessen yezmer ufgan ad yeg aṭas n tigawin (ad yeṭṭef, ad yaru ...) neɣ ad t-issexdem deg  tutlayt n izmal. Afus d allal ilan (yesɛan) azal ameqran ɣer ufgan.

## [[Iɣess|iɣsan]] n ufus

## Ifassen ɣer iɣersiwen

## Tamawalt
Addad amaruz : Ufus
Asget : Ifassen

## Aseqdec
Yesseqdac umdan ifassen-is aṭas deg tudert-is n yal ass, gar tigawin i yezmer ad yeg ufus : Arfad n tɣawsiwin (tudma), tuṭfa, tira, aktili, učči, atg. 

## Aglam n ufus

Afus d aḥric aneggaru deg yiɣil, deg-s tidikelt, ɣur-s cudden-d semmus (5) n yiḍudan :
# Adebbuz
# Uskin : Yezga-d gar udebbuz d uḍad ameqran
# Aḍad ameqran : D netta i d ameqran akk gar yiḍudan.
# Warisem : Yezga-d gar uḍad ameqran d umeẓyan.
# Aḍad ameẓyan : D netta i d ameẓyan akk gar yiḍudan.

## Taɣessa (Squelette)
Afus n umdan amengaḍ (adulte) ɣur-s snat n tmarwin ṣa (27) n yiɣsan, bḍan ɣef kraḍ (3) n yeḥricen : acaṛuf, timceḍt n ufus akked tɣessa n yiḍudan.
Acaṛuf ɣur-s ṭam (8) n yiɣsan imeẓyanen, timceḍt n ufus ɣur-s semmus (5) n yiɣsan ma d taɣessa n yiḍudan ɣur-s mraw kuẓ (14) n yiɣsan iɣezfanen.

## Tigeltyam (Muscles)

Afus ɣur-s seg yiwwet n tama, snat n tmarwin yiwwen (21) n **tgeltyam tummasin** (muscles essentiels). Seg tama nniḍen, llan yidedden (tendons) n mraw semmus (15) n **tgeltyam tisnawanin** (muscles secondaires).
Aṭad

**Aḍad** d aḥric deg ufus d uḍar (tifdent) n ufgan d tgejdanin-nniḍen, yezga-d ɣer yixef n ufus. Afus n ufgan ɣur-s semmus (5) n yiḍudan, ttusexdamen deg waṭas n tigawin am usami, tuṭfa, tira ...atg

## Ismawen n iṭudan
#Adebbuz
#Uskin
#Alemmas 
#Warisem
#Tilṭeṭ

## Tamawalt
Asget : Iḍudan
Addad amaruz = Uḍad
Taswast taṛṛumant

Tanfalit **taswast Taṛumant** temmal-d s umata tiswasin i sseqdacen Iṛumanen almi d asmi i d-tennulfa **teswast tajulyant** deg 45 send talalit n Ɛisa. Bdan aṣaḍen seg asmi tbedd **Ṛuma** deg 753 send talalit n Ɛisa.

Iṛumanen sqedcen kṛad (3) n teswasin :
* Deg tazwara, **taswast taṛumulant** i lmend n *Ṛumulus* agellid amenzu n Ṛuma;
* Sakkin, **taswast tabumbilant** i lmend *Numa Pompilius* agellid wis sin n Ṛuma;
* Deg taggara, **taswast tajulyant** i lmend n yisem n Jul Siẓar (Jules César).
2015

Aseggas **2015** d aseggas aḥerfi (365 n wussan). D aseggas wis 2015 deg wakud-agi-neɣ, d aseggas wis 15 deg wagim XXI (lqern 21) daɣen d aseggas wis 5 deg umrawseggas 2010 - 2019.

Tira n **2015** : « Sin igiman mraw semmus »
1995

Aseggas **1995** d aseggas aḥerfi (365 n wussan) ibeddun ass n *Acer*. D aseggas wis 1995 deg wakud-agi-neɣ.

Tira n **1995** : "Agim tẓa n tmiḍi tẓa n tmarwin semmus".
Java (tutlayt)

**Java** d tameslayt n usihel yettuwelhen Taɣawsa (langage de Programmation Orientée Objet), yesnulfa-t-id James Gosling akked Patrick Naughton, d imuras deg Sun Microsystems, s tallalt n Bill Joy, (imesbeddi n Sun Microsystems deg 1982), yettusenked ass n 23 mayyu 1995 i *SunWorld*.
Takebbanit *Sun* tuɣal tuɣi-tt Oracle deg useggas n 2009, d nettat ara yeṭfen syin d asawen Java.

## Amedya
Hat ɣur-wen umedya n usihel s tutlayt Java : 

```java
public class AzulFellawen {
     public static void main(String[] args) {
         System.out.println("Azul fell-awen !");
     }
 }
```


## Tamuɣli ɣef Java

## Amazray
James Gosling

**James Gosling** (ilul ass n 19 mayyu 1955 deg Calgary deg Alberta deg tmurt n Canada) d amsenselkim akanadi. Yettwassen ladɣa imi d netta i d-yesnulfan tutlayt n usihel Java.
Patrick Naughton

**Patrick Naughton** (ilul deg 1965) d amsenselkim Amarikan, d yiwwen gar wid yesbedden tutlayt n usihel Java.
Tatoeba

**Tatoeba** d asmel web yebnan ɣef twizi, yessumur-d yiwen uzadur isefka n tefyar yettusuqlen ɣer yakk tutlayin, s turagt tilellit. Isem usenfaṛ-a yusa-d si tajapunit "tatoeba" (例えば　tatoeba), anamek-is s teqbaylit : "d amedya". Tatoeba ixulef imawalen nniḍen yellan ɣef tnelli seg akken netta yelha-d d usuqel n tefyar ikemlen. Asenfaṛ-is tebda-t-i Trang Ho di 2006, maca si 2009 d Allan Simon i yuɣalen d anemhal-is.

Di wember 2017, Tatoeba yessaweḍ ɣer 6 000 000 n tefyar iferqen ɣef wazal n 320 n tutlayin. Taqbaylit tekcem deg-s di yulyu 2018.

## Références
Seksu

**Seksu** neɣ **Siksu** i ssnen ukk medden deg umaḍal ass-a,  d učči amensay n imaziɣen adna d nutni i t-id-yesnulfan aṭas aya, tettmag s uwren n yirden d temẓi d wekbal

Si zik,  seksu ɣuṛ-s azal meqqʷṛen di tmetti Tamaziɣt. D učči i yettilin deg yal tegʷnit tameqqʷṛant n tudert n Yimaziɣen.  d seksu i tetten inebgiwen d twaculin deg yal talemmiẓt am umenzu n yennayer.

## Aɣbalu
Amagrad n Amayas Tiliwin deg http://tameddit.com
Alfred Hitchcock

**Alfred Hitchcock** d amsufeɣ isura arbiṭani i yellan daɣen danafras n ssinima, yerna yura isinaryuyen. Ilul ass n 13 deg ɣuct 1999 di Leytonstone deg London, yemmut ass n 29 deg yebrir 1980 di Bel Air, deg tama n Los Angeles.

Yettuneḥsab d yiwen seg  imsufaɣ meqqren maḍi i d-yewwin amaynut i ssinima. Yettwassen dɣa s wayen i d-yesnulfa d titkinikin i yeqqimen ttmeggant ar tura, aḥric n ususpans i yessemres ugar akk n wiyaḍ, d wayen  nniḍen. Tazwara yebda amahil-is degTgelda Yedduklen, anda i d-yebda s isura ur nessawal, syin mi yella tuɣ yettwassen yakan, di 1939, yunag ɣer Marikan anda i d-iban ugar yerna yexdem akked isegbaren mucaɛen n lawan-nni, ayen i yeǧǧan armud-is yezga ɣef teɣzi n 50 iseggasen
Aẓru (taddart)

**Aẓru** d yiwet n taddart seg tewsit n At Ɣebri, teṭṭafar  tɣiwant n Yiɛekkuren, deg wasun n Iɛeẓẓugen, agezdu n Tizi wezzu. Tezga-d tama n unẓul-asammar n tɣiwant-a (Iɛekkuren). Tggug fell-as azal n 7 n yikilumtren. Seg umalu yettals-it-d Aḥmil, anẓul-is d Cbel. Tezga-d tilist ɣef tilist akked ugezdu n Bgayet, imi tekka-d gar-asent teẓgi  n Akeffadu i yesdurin aṭas d ameɣras d igrawliwen ɣef tlelli n tmurt. Ma seg unẓul asammar d At Yeǧǧer.  

Taddart-a izzi-as-d umadaɣ am txatemt , d teftist gar yidurar, tla lewḍa d tẓegwa, yeget deg-s ulba (chêne zen ) d waṭas n yimɣan n iden. Teflal (Ɛlayet) ɣef yilel azal n 870 m neɣ ugar,  diɣ netta yal tagrest ideflawen tessun-as tugniwin i yettaččaren tamuɣli n umdan. Yal tasemhuyt tslusuy-as initen yemgaraden ayen i as yettbeddilen udem si thuski ɣer tayeḍ. Mi ara tt-id-twaliḍ seg tiɣilt n taddart tettbin-d teddukel temmeẓd, ixxamen netḍen ad as-tiniḍ ttwaxdamen ɣef yiwen n uɣrab; iberdan almi d tineggura-aya i hrawit . Tla azal n 1200 d amezdaɣ, tuget nsen ttinigen ɣer tmurt n Fransa.  Amezruy-is lqay, d aqbur akken qedmen yiẓra-s, seg tallit taqburt almi d tizi n wass-a. Ar ass-a llan kra yinestimen i d-yeqqimen seg Teɣremt n Ṛṛuman. Imazrayen Irumanen d Yifransisen yuran fell-as nnan-d tettwabna deg taggara n lqern wis sin (350 seld talalit n Ɛisa). Ixerban n tneṭlin d tmezduɣin n zik n zik llan deg-s ar ass-a: Tizi n At Mraw   neɣ arraw n bu Ɛecra, imenɣen izumal yekkaten uzzal ur ddarayen, wigi issefk ad ilin d tawacult nniḍen n yimerkantiyen Iqbayliyen i yennuɣen mgal Ṛruman ɣer tama n twacult n Nubel d mmit-sen Firmus akked d tgellidt Sirya. S ddaw umkan-a kan i tella temɛemmert tamecṭuḥt niqal ad tefti, tuɣal tedrem di tallit n At Lqaḍi,yeqqim-d kan yisem-is d kra seg yiɣerban-is Lǧameɛ n Ṭaleb...Fransa diɣ aṭas i teqher s tbezrin n lbaṭel almi i tsegguǧa kra seg yimezdaɣ-is ɣer tmura niḍen deg useggas-nni n 1871. Ansi tɛedda thudd tebna,teǧǧa ixxamen n "Ccwambeḍt" ad ɛassen imezdaɣ ula ɣef tkessawt, akken llan diɣ seg wasmi ttwabnan deg yiseggasen-nni 1920...

Taddart-a terɣa deg useggas-nni 1957 s lbumbat i d-kkaten di lka n At Ɛica " tebbikwi" ( village brûlé et évacué ), gguǧan diɣ imezdaɣ-is ɣer At Buɛḍa, ǧǧan-tt s tmara d wul iḥerqen d tasa yezzan irun  imeṭṭawen n ẓẓɛaf d tmuḥqranit n lbaṭel afransis, akken la ttwalin seg-s tɣelli tuɣal  d iɣiɣden. D ayen i d-yeslulen lɣiḍ n tarwa-s i yefkan iman nsen d asfel i ṛṛṣas akken ad tt-id-rren i tarwa nsen ad idiren deg yiḥerqan nsen di talwit am zik...Tura tebna s lebni atrar: ixxamen zewwqen,iberdan wesɛen,taddart tettimɣur kra kra tettnejbad akka akkin, isenfaren-is meṛṛa d ticemliyin s tddukli n tarwa-s i ttwaxedmen, am yaltaddart, wid yellan deg-s ttaken-d iɣallen, ma d iminigen  bezzren-d tadrimt.
Ssinima

**Ssinima** d yiwet si tẓuriwin uhanay, qqaren-as daɣen taẓuri tis sebɛa ɣef akken i tt-id-yeǧǧa Riccioto Canudo deg iseggasen n 20. D taẓuri yebnan ɣef uhanay i d-sɛeddayen i imferrjen deg talɣa n usaru, meḥsub kra n wullis (asugnan neɣ anarrat) i yettawi kra n usemlel (tasfift timleɣwit, tasfift tameɣnaṭit, anagbar umḍin) i yettuskelsen yerna yettwaɣra-d s umikanism i d yesnulfuyen marur n tugniwin yettḥerriken, neɣ n usekles akked tɣuri n yisefka n tsenselkimt yettkemmilen.

Asaru amenzu deg umezruy i yemmugen s tewlafin yettembiwilen i walan waṭas n medden deg ugdil meqqren, d win i d-sɛeddan watmaten Lumière deg useggas n 1895, meḥsub syin i d-tebda ssinima s tidet, maca uqbel-nsen tuɣ llan-d yakan inadiyen deg uḥric-a, d usnulfu n wallalen am ukinotugraf n Thomas Edison i tettmenniḍ i igan yess kra yeqqar isura imecṭaḥ. Seg tzwara n lqern wis 20, yebda ihi usufeɣ n yisura ur nessawal, arm d aseggas n 1929 i yebda ṣṣut iteddu-d d tesfift.

Aɣbalu:ablug n Samir Tighzert : Timuɣliwin
Amezgun

**Amezgun** d yiwet n talɣa  n tẓuri yettmaggan s webrid n twizi, ideg tekkin isegbaren d tsegbarin akken ad d-mettlen tarmit n kra n uneḍru ilaw neɣ asugnan zzat uhanay n medden, deg umkan iheyyan i wakken, iwumi qqaren asayes. Inaẓuren imir zemren ad gen taywelt akked wid yettferrijen s usdukkel n yisɣal, awalen, tizlatin, aẓawan d  ccḍeḥ. Llan iferdisenntẓuri yettwaseqdacen deg-s i uwenneɛ umettel, am idikuṛen, asiɣi n tafat, isuyas umezgun.

## Amezruy
Amezgun ilul-d deg tmurt n Legrig, anda tuɣ llant temzizzlin n tetetrajidit di lqern wis IV send Talalit. Ma deg Ruma iban-d deg lqern III sendd Tal. Amettal yella iteddu-d deg uraren n usfugel i d-yettilin deg temdint. Deg Ruma ixxamen umezgun tuɣ-iten bnan s wesɣar anda ur ggiten ara yimferrjen uqbel ad bnun imeqqran-nni n ublaḍ am win n Pompeus, neɣ win Sabrata deg Tmazɣa taṛumanit (Ṭrables n tura).

Aɣbalu:
Ablug n Samir Tighzert /Timuɣliwin
Tamezdayt (Asɣan)

**Tamezdayt** tezmer ad tesɛu anamek uzadaɣ dgi id ttegrawen Imasiḥiyen akken ad ẓẓallen u ad ɛebden illu-nsen, neɣ kra n wegdud imasiḥiyen i yecrek yiwen webrid n weɛbad, i tezdi dɣa yiwet n ṭṭayfa.

## Tatimulujit
Isem-is ad yili yusa-d si tegrigit : εκκλησια (iklisya) s unamek : anejmuɛ, ma mačči d ddeɛwa, neɣ si tseryanit : ܟܢܫܐ s unamek n unejmuɛ, tarbaɛt n medden.

## Amezruy
Amezruy n lebni n teglisyiwin yedda d temhazt ureṣṣi n tmasiḥit deg umaḍal aṛumani, deg Usammar neɣ anda nniḍen. Ixxamen imezwura i tent-icuban ttwabnan ahat gar 233 d 256 sld Tal. Ma gar leqrun  11 d 14, llant-d tkatidraliyin deg Tuṛuft.
Tamacint

**Tamacint** d yiwen n ttawil usiweḍ yettawin imdanen neɣ alzazen (sselɛa) seg umkan ɣer wayeḍ. Yemmug s umazrar n yifuga icudden gar-asen, ileḥḥun ɣef rrayat n wuzzal, la ten-tezzuɣur temseddayt yesɛan amutur. Tinelliyin n rrayat teṭṭfent s umata snat tniliwin yemgaraden, yiwet i rrwaḥ, tayeḍ i tuɣalin ,maca tikawal yiwet n tnelli kan i  yellan, tembaddalent fell-as tmacinin, daymi d-yettili umihi n laksidat.
 
## Amezruy
D ajenyur afransis Nicolas Cugnot i d amenzu i d-yesnulfan « takeṛṛust » ileḥḥun weḥd-s kan s ifuṛan (lefwaṛ n waman), segmi tuɣ iga-d James Watt tanaɛurt ifuṛan deg useggas1765, i yessǧehden seg yimir tagrawla n temguri, ɣas akken tuɣ llan wid i tt-id-yebdan uqbel-is. Maca tamacint tamezwarut akk deg deg umezruy d tin yelḥan ass n  21 deg fuṛar 1804 deg tama n Merthyr Tydfil di tmurt n Wilz (Tagelda Tabnnriṭanit), i d-yeṣneɛ Richard Trevithick deg Legliz. Tamseddayt-is tella tezzuɣur 10 iṭunnen s truredt n 04 km/sɛ. 
20 iseggasen syin d afella, teldi tnelli tamenzut yettawin imessukial ɣef teɣzi n 40 km gar Stockton d Darlington, deg Legliz. Dɣa asiweḍ arurad n sselɛa gar tmennaḍin, d ayen i yefkan afud imir i tegrawla tamgurant taglizit.
Deg Fransa, tinelli tamenzut din yeldin deg useggas 1827 gar Saint-Étienne d Andrézieux i usiweḍ n lefḥem si lmina.
Deg useggas 1850, azeṭṭa amaḍlan yewweḍ 3800 ikilumitren. Ma seg uzegen n lqern d asawen yennerna armi d 800 000…

Aɣbalu : ablug n Samir Tighhzert / Timuɣliwin
Anaraf

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Lonicera implexa neɣ Lonicera etrusca
*Isem-is s tefransist: Chèvrefeuille des Baléares neɣ Chèvrefeuille d'Étrurie
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Waraf, Sselṭan n lɣaba
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Tifukatin

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Linaria vulgaris
*Isem-is s tefransist: Linaire commune
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Tifest

**Tifest** (isem usnan: *Linum*) d imɣi n useggas yeṭṭafaren tawacult tifsant

## Idgan n wemɣay

## Aglam

## Amgara n tifest

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Linum usitatissimum
*Isem-is s tefransist: Lin cultivé
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Delkmuc, Tiffest
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Timdekrar n yilef

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Tetragonolobus biflorus
*Isem-is s tefransist: Lotier à deux fleurs
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Timdekrar n weɣyul
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Ikeffis

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Medicago sp, Trifolium sp
*Isem-is s tefransist:Luzernes, Trèfles
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: ikfis, Tikfist, Iffis
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt:

## Isseqdac
Ibiw n yilef

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Erophaca baetica neɣ Lupinus angustifolius
*Isem-is s tefransist: Astragale neɣ Lupin bleu
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Awǧez

**Awseǧ** neɣ **Anecfal** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Lycium barbarum**) d yiwet n temdint i d-ittemɣayen deg yiẓra d yideggan iɣuraren acku ur tserri ara aṭas n wegri d waman. Talmest-a teṭṭafar tawsit n uwseǧ deg twacult n teɣsilant.

## Aglam

## Ideggan n wemɣay
Talmest-a tettemɣay-d deg yideggan anda llan yidɣaɣen d yijdi n teftisin deg Tefriqt n Ugafa d unẓul n Uruppa.

## Asemres

## Deg yidles

## Tiwlafin

## Imniren

## Ẓeṛ daɣen

## Isseqdac
Tuṛiṭ u meksa

*Isem-is s latinit: Lycoperdon perlatum
*Isem-is s tefransist: Vesse-de-loup perlée
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac
Mejjir

**Mejjir** neɣ **Amejjir** (isem usnan: **Malva**) d tawsit tamɣawt yeṭṭafaren tawacult tmejjirt deg tfesna n tmejjirin. Mejjir d imɣi amseggas (ur yettidir ara ugar n useggas). addud-is tettawaṭ alamma d 1 m, deg yixef-is yetteflali-d ujeǧǧig d azwawaɣ igber seg 5 n yiferran, deg tlemmast-is ttefɣen-d yifsan.

## Ideggan n wemɣay
Mejjir d imɣi yettilin deg Urupa d Asya d Tafriqt ugafa.

## [[Talmest|tilmas]] n Mejjir
* Mejjir yigran — (* Malva sylvestris*)
* Mejjir aseklaw — (*Malva arborea*) 
* Mejjir n miẓra — (*Malva aegyptia*) 
* Mejjir aksas — (*Malva verticillata*)

## Tiwlafin

## Isseqdac
Kra n telmas n mejjir d tid yettusexdmen i wssuji n wazzugen.

## Tiwelhiwin
Mernuyet

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Marrubium vulgare
*Isem-is s tefransist: Marrube blanc
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Meriana neɣ llan wid i s-yeqqaren merruyet
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Iferzizwi

**Iferzizwi** neɣ **Ifferr n tzizwit** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Melissa officinalis**) d talmest n yimɣi asaɣur imezgi yeṭṭafaren tawsit n iferzizwi deg twacult n temsefranin. Talmest-a tettemɣay-d s talɣa tagamant deg tamiwin yezzin i yilel agrakal.

## Aglam
Ageṭṭum (tadra) n uferzizwi iga d akuẓdis. ijeǧǧigen-is d imellalen neɣ d izilluyen deg tikwal niden. Yal agummu deg-s ittaddam 4 n yifsan, ma tiddi-ines tettili gar n 70 alamma d 150 cm. Tikdi-ines d tin yemmugen am yismim akken daɣen i tudes ɣer tmersa. 
Deg taggara n unebdu ttufraren-tt-d tjeǧǧigin ččuren-tt d amɣus ayen yettaǧǧan tizizwa ad trusent ɣef yimɣi ayi s tuget, dɣa s yagi i d-yusa yisem-is uddis *iferr* + *tizizwit*.

## Tiwlafin

## Tuẓẓut

## Isseqdac

## Tasuddest takrurant

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Timejja

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Mentha suaveolens
*Isem-is s tefransist: Menthe à feuilles rondes ou odorante
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Timersitin
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Neɛnaɛ

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Mentha spicata
*Isem-is s tefransist: Menthe verte ou menthe en épi
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Tuccanin

**Tuccanin** (isem usnan: *Mercurialis annua*) d talmest n yemɣan yeṭṭafaren tawsit n Tuccanin.

Llan wid isseqdacen **Tuccanin** i *Solanum nigra* 

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Mercurialis annua neɣ Solanum nigrum
*Isem-is s tefransist: Morelle noire neɣ Mercuriale annuelle
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Takerciwt n lexla

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Morchella vulgaris
*Isem-is s tefransist: Morille
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Tikerciwin
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Čilmum

## Tilmas

## Ismawen

*Isem-is s latinit: Acacia horrida
*Isem-is s tefransist:  Gommier du Cap
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Ttejṛa u ṛumi
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Felgu

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Mentha pulegium
*Isem-is s tefransist: Menthe pouliot
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Feliu
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Tixlulin

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Narcissus tazetta
*Isem-is s tefransist: Narcisse à bouquet
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Taxlult n nbbi
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Gerninuc

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum
*Isem-is s tefransist: Cresson de fontaine
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Takamniwt

**Takamniwt** neɣ **Tilezda** (i yefsan), (isem usnan: *Nigella sativa*) d imɣi yettwasxdmen deg usewwi yettwassen s *Sinuj*

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Nigella sativa, Nigella papillosa subsp. atlantica
*Isem-is s tefransist: Nigelle cultivée, ?
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Zrara , Sanuj
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Mekceffel

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Oenanthe virgata
*Isem-is s tefransist: Pas de nom vernaculaire
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Meqceffel ?
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Legliz

**Legliz** d tamurt i iḍefṛen Tagelda Yedduklen. Tesɛa tilisa d *[[Tamurt n Yigaliyen]]* seg umalu, d Tikust seg ugafa-agafa-amalu. Ilel n Irland yleḥḥu ɣeṛ umalu n Legliz, d Ilel Asiltik ɣeṛ unẓul-amalu. Tettwafraq seg turuft s Ilel n Ugafa.

## Tiwelhiwin
Ashe, Hampshire

**Ashe** d taddart deg usun n Basingstoke and Deane  deg teɣṛemt n Hampshire, Legliz.

## Asenbed
Taddart teḍfeṛ afezdu (Civil Parish) n Overton.
Ilili

**ilili** (assaɣ usnan: *Nerium oleander*) d talmest n yemɣan yeṭṭafaren tawsit n ilili deg twacult n tliliyin, Dɣa ilili d imɣ id yettemɣayen deg yedgan dgi llan waman am irawen n wasif

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Nerium oleander
*Isem-is s tefransist: Laurier rose
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Amẓiw Amsafag n Spaghetti

**Amẓiw Amsafag n Spaghetti** *(S teglizit: Flying Spaghetti Monster FSM)* d yellu n Tmezdayt n Umẓiw Amsafag n Spaghetti *(S teglizit: Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster)*, neɣ Tapastafaṛianit. Tapastafaṛianit d amussu amezday i ittsemmilen axeẓẓeṛ urid d amaglay n wajjed, d igeḍḍel aselmed n Wugniw Amegzu, neɣ tamacahut n Adem d Ḥewwa. Imaḍfaṛen ines qqaṛen fell-as belli d ajjed n tidett, am Tineslemt, Tamasiḥit, Tudayt... Di Ziland Tamaynut, imaḍfaṛen zemren ad xedmen timeɣṛiwin s wajjed-agi. Maca deg Iwunak Yedduklen, anezraf adukli yugi ad yesteɛref yess. Agraw n Uwanek n Tmura n Wadda yenna-d belli Tapastafaṛianit mačči d ajjed n tidett diɣen.

Bobby Henderson, d netta i d-yesnulfan umussu-agi di 2005, deg tebratt yeldin i ugezdu n uselmed n uwanek n Kansas, akken ad-seynini belli ur iqebbel ara ad selmed-n Agniw Amegzu deg iɣerbazen iyigerdan. Deg tebratt, Henderson iṭelbed akud iwselmed n tmacahut n lxelq n Wumẓiw Amsafag n Spaghetti. Imi izuzer tebratt-is deg Internet, isalli agi icaɛed gar widak ur yettamnen-ara s yijjeddan, yuɣal-d diɣen d azamul n imussa mgal aselmed n Wugniw Amegzu deg umḍal.

## Imnura


## Izdayen ibeṛṛaniyen

* Asmel unṣib n Tmezdayt n Umẓiw Amsafag n Spaghetti

* Tabratt yeldin n Bobby Henderson
* Amẓiw Amsafag n Spaghetti
* Tamezdayt n Umẓiw Amsafag n Spaghetti n Rusya 
* Tamezdayt n Umẓiw Amsafag n Spaghetti n Usṭralya
Aẓebbuj

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea
*Isem-is s tefransist: Alivier sauvage
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Aḥeccad 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Twizuṛast

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Ononis Natrix
*Isem-is s tefransist: Bugrane jaune
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Asennan n weɣyul

**Asennan n weɣyul** neɣ **isri** neɣ **Tadart wuccen** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Silybum marianum**) d talmest n yemɣi yeṭṭafaren tawsit n yisri deg twacult n titriyyin.

## Idgan n wemɣay
Yettemɣay-d deg tamiwin id yezzin i yilel agrakal d Turuft.

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Silybum marianum, Onopordum acanthium
*Isem-is s tefransist: Chardon Marie, Chardon aux ânes
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Ajeǧǧig izizwi

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Ophrys tenthredinifera
*Isem-is s tefransist: Ophrys guêpe
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Ḥaǧ čamar
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Akaṛmus

**Akaṛmus** (Assaɣ usnan: *Opuntia ficus-indica*) d talmest n yemɣan yeṭṭafaren tawsit n ukarmus deg twacult n tkaṛmusin, Akaṛmus yettemɣay deg yidgan yekkawen ila (yesɛa) tazmert meqqren deg tudert deg yidgan dgi drusen (neqsen) waman acku igeṭman-is ččuren d aman, Dɣa igeṭman-a d učči ira (iḥemmel) welɣem deg tneẓruft ɣas akken dges isennanen imesden.

## Aẓaṛ n ukaṛmus
Tamurt taẓaṛant n ukaṛmus d Tamrikt n Ugafa sin akin yedda ar tamiwin n iden n umadal deg uwines wis 16 seg Uruppa ar Idgan n iden, Akarmus d win yettilin deg Tefrikt n ugafa aladɣa deg Tmurt n Iqbayliyen 

## Ismawen n iden s Tmaziɣt
Ɣer imaziɣen n Sus isem-is **Aknari** maca llan waṭas n yismawen n iden am: **Tahendect**, **Iguran**, **Tahendit**

## Aglam
Addud n ukarmus d win yettiwṭen ar 2,5 m neɣ ugar 

## [[Amyaraw]]

## Igumma

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Opuntia ficus-indica, Opuntia ficus-indica var. amyclaea 
*Isem-is s tefransist: Figuier de Barbarie, ?
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Lkarmus (Opuntia ficus-indica), Lkarmus i ṛumyen (Opuntia ficus-indica var. amyclaea)
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac
Akeṛmus
Tisemmamin

**Tisemmamin** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Oxalis pes-caprae**) de yiwet n telmest n yimɣan isaɣuren yeṭṭafaren tawsit n tsemmumt.

## Tiwlafin

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Oxalis pes-caprae
*Isem-is s tefransist: Oxalide ou oxalis des Bermudes
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Lqires, Asemmum, Isemmamen
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Waḥrir

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Papaver rhoeas, Papaver dubium, Papaver hybridum
*Isem-is s tefransist: Coquelicot, Coquelicot douteux, Coquelicot hispide
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Ciḥbuṭ i uleǧǧig
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Maarten Kossmann

**Maarten Kossmann** (ilul-d deg useggas n 1966  di Zuidlaren) d amussnaw aholandi n tussna n tutlayin, atan tura d aselmad n unadi deg tutlayin timaziɣin deg tesdawit n Leyde.

## Igerdasen
* 1994: PHD deg tussna n tutlayin (Tasdawit n Leyde).

## Isnugden
*2013. The Arabic Influence on Northern Berber. 
*2011. A Grammar of Ayer Tuareg (Niger). 
*2010. Parallel System Borrowing: Parallel morphological systems due to the borrowing of paradigms.
*2000. A Study of Eastern Moroccan Fairy Tales.
*1999. Essai sur la phonologie historique du berbère.
*1997. Grammaire du parler berbère de Figuig (Maroc oriental).

## Tiwelhiwin
Abender n tifri

**Abender n tifri** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Peganum harmala**) d talmest n yimɣan imazrayen yeṭṭafaren tawsit n ubender deg twacult n telliẓin.

Ijeǧǧigen-is imellalen-iwraɣen ttusxedmen di i wessuji n kra n waṭṭanen.

## Aglam

## Asedger (ideggan n wemɣay)

## Asemres

## Tiwlafin

## Imniren

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Ifadden n tmurt

**Ifadden n tmurt** neɣ **ifadden n wakal** neɣ **Tifad** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Orobanche**) d tawsit n yimɣan ijenṭaden yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tfadin seg tfesna n tmessferranin igan d tafesna n tesnayyawin 

Ifadden n tmurt d tawsit ilan (yesɛan) aṭas n telmas, amur ameqran deg-sent d timezgiyin yerna d tijenṭadin s talɣa tanezzucalt adɣa ɣef imendiyen (imɣan n tfellaḥt).

## Ideggan n wemɣay

## Umuɣ n telmas

## Ifadden n tmurt deg tesnujya
Zik-nni, ifadden n tmurt yettumeggez seg imɣi asnajyan yettwasxedmen s tuget i wsuji n kra n waṭṭanen ama s agensu (daxel) neɣ s azɣar (beṛṛa) n tafekka maca deg wakud-a yuɣal yettwattu ur yettwasexdem ara.

## Tiwlafin

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Tamtwala

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Phillyrea latifolia, Phillyrea angustifolia
*Isem-is s tefransist: Filaire à large feuille, Filaire à feuille étroite
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Aced
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Tiṣabunin

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Phlomis crinita
*Isem-is s tefransist: Sauge de Jérusalem
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Absis

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Phalaris brachystachys
*Isem-is s tefransist: Alpiste à épis
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: leḥcic n tɣiṛdmawin
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Lluz n wemqeṛqeṛ

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Phagnalon saxatile
*Isem-is s tefransist: Phagnalon des rochers
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Aɣanim

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Phragmites australis
*Isem-is s tefransist: Roseau commun
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Aḥaṛbun
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Tikamnin (tawsit)

**Tazrara** neɣ **Tikamnin** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Pimpinella**) d tawsit n imɣan yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tbecnixt. Tilmas n tewsit-a ttemɣayen-tt-d d tuga

## Tilmas
* Tikmanin (*Pimpinella anisum*)
* Tazrara tawessart (*Pimpinella major*)

## Asexdem

## ẓeṛ daɣen
Tutlayin timaziɣin n waṭlas

**Tutlayin timaziɣin n waṭlas** d afurk n tutlayin timaziɣin tigafayin ttwameslayent deg yidurar n waṭlas deg Ameṛṛuk. Atent-aya: 
* Tamaziɣt n waṭlas alemmas, tettwameslay deg yidurar n waṭlas alemmas.
* Tasusit, tettwameslay deg usammar n Merruk.
* Taznagt n Srayer, tettwameslay  deg usammar n Rrif.
* Taɣumarit, tettwameslay deg umali n Arif.

## Tiwelhiwin
Tutlayin Timaziɣin tutrimin

**Tutlayin timaziɣin tutrimin** d afurk n tutlayin timaziɣin ttwameslayent deg Muriṭanya akked Nnijer. Deg ufurk-a, anagar snat n tutlayin i d-yegran,  yerna udsent (qerben-t) i snat ar umihi n ungar: 

* Taẓnagt.
* Tatserret.

## Amawal

## Tiwelhiwin
Tidayriwin n Lezzayer

Tamurt n Lezzayer tesɛa 547 tidayriwin, tamaneɣt n yal tadayra qqaren-as s trumit: *chef-lieu de daïra*. Yal tadayra tettwabḍu i tiɣiwanin.

## Tidayriwin
Tiwilayin n Lezzayer

Tamurt n Lezzayer tesɛa 58 n twilayin, yal tawilayat tettwabḍu i tidayriwin, yal tadayra tettwabḍu i tiɣiwanin.
Asefri

**Asfir** (isem usnan: *Punica granatum*) yettwasnen s yisem n (*Ṛṛemman*) d yiwet n telmet n ugummu id yettemɣayen deg tallit n umawan

## Ẓeṛ daɣen

* Adeffu
* Iẓem
* Afurmas
* Amwan
* Asegmar
* Igumma
Annay

**Annay** neɣ **Acenyal** d agezzum n teclaft (leqmac) yettuseneɣ dges uzamul n wegdud neɣ n tewsit neɣ n tmurt, initen-is d izamulen-is mgaraden gar tmurt d tayedṭ, de ayen yessemgradden gar innayen n tmura
Isem ussnan

Deg tesnudert, **Isem ussnan ussnan** neɣ **Isem asenisman** neɣ **Asiseɣ imisin** (s Teglizit: *Binomial nomenclature*) d isem n tarrayt tamaddudt (tunṣibt) i wsemmi d usiseɣ n telmas n imuddiren id yessers umusnaw n tesnudert Carl Von Linné, 
Akken id yesskanay wawal-a, Assaɣ ussnan  yesskanay d akken isem yettwaska (yettwabna) ɣef tasuddest n sin n wawalen:

* Isem agejdan n tewsit.
* Isem asennaw n telmest ɣas akken tifawin n usiseɣ mgaraden-t seg waddad ar waddad niden.
* Isem amezwar issentay (ibeddu) s isem agejdan (isem n tewsit), s usekkil asentay meqqren ma d isem n telmest s yisekkilen meẓẓiyen, akken i ttwarun s tarrayt izelgen (imalen), Amdya imcac n wexxam ṭṭafaren tawsit n wemcic (Assaɣ ussnan: Felis) ma d talmest tamegrudt (domestica) ɣef anect-a assaɣ ussnan n wemcic ad yili (*Felis domestica*).

## Amezruy

## Di [[Tasenɣersiwt|tsenɣersiwt]]

## Di [[Tasnimɣit|tesnimɣit]]

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Tinikt

**Tinikt** neɣ **Abṛec** d yiwen n uyafu yettmilen ar yini azeggaɣ yettmaged ɣef wezzal mara ad dduklent tibelkimin n Uksijin akk d tanigt
Tanga

**Tanga** di Tasengama d ayen yakk yesɛan azuk, Tanga tesɛa aṭṭas n inumaẓ am: afendir, Ableɣ, Tiddi.
Azuk

**Azuk** d tadusi n teldayt n tmert (lqaɛa) i tɣawsiwin, daɣen d tarrayt i weẓlay n kra n tenga.

## Asiden n wazuk deg tusnakt

## [[Tigget]] n [[akat|wakat]] n wazuk

## Imedyaten

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Taldayt

**Taldayt** d ayen yakk yettaǧǧan tiɣawsiwin ad lint (ad sɛunt) azuk i wakken ad ddunt ar wammas anda id tekker teldayt

## Taɣult n teldayt

## Amezruy n teẓri n teldayt

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Tanubayt

**Tanubayt** d yiwet n tutlayt ittmeslayen inubiyen deg uneẓẓul n tmurt n Maṣer d ugafa n tmurt n Sudan
Tutlayt-a tesɛa azal n 650,000 n imsawalen.
Areksim

**Areksim** (assaɣ ussnan: **Felis margarita**) d talmest n tserɣuda  yeṭṭafaren tawsit n yimcac, Talmest-a n yimcac tettidir deg tamiwin d twennaṭin tineẓrafin n Umeṛṛuk, Lezzayer, Tunes, Libya, Miẓra, Sudan, Mali, Niǧer, Ččad, Israyel, Urdun, Yaman, Ɛuman, Suɛudiya, Qaṭar, Iṛan, Pakistan, Uzbakistan yakk d Turkmanistan
Assaɣ-is ussnan (*Felis margarita*) d isem uddis i d-yekkan seg sin n wawalen n tutlayt talatint «*felis*= *amcic*» yakk d *margarita* ɣef usebɣer n umenẓad Afrensaw Jean-Auguste Margueritte imi yettuɣal uglaz deg wannay n uɣersiw-a deg tneẓruft n Ležžayer

## Aglam

## Učči

## Ideggan n tudert

## Taggaẓt

## Tadist

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Taɣda
Fudelɣum

**Tirizwa** neɣ **iles ufunas** neɣ **iles wezger** neɣ **Ccix n lebqul**, (isem usnan: *Borago officinalis*) d yiwet n telmest n yemɣan yeṭṭafaren tawsitn Tarizwant ilan (isɛan) iǧeǧǧigen d izegzawen rewsen (temcabin) iwnayna.

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Borago officinalis
*Isem-is s tefransist: Bourrache
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Ccix n lebqul, Fudelɣum
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Tadɣaɣat

**Tadɣaɣat** (**[[Assaɣ ussnan]]**: *Mustela*) d yiwen n uɣersiw yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tedɣaɣatin deg tfesna n temsuksumin, dɣa tawsit-a dges azal n 18 n telmas.

## Tilmas
* Tadɣaɣat n izawaɣen (*Mustela eversmanii*)
* Tazgaga (*Mustela subpalmata*)
* Tadɣaɣat tamezdit (*Mustela Nivalis*
* Abizun (*Mustela lutreola*)
* Tareddi (*ustela erminea*)
* Anessas neɣ Aɣerda n urtan (*Mustela putorius furo*)
* Tadɣaɣat n wedrar  (*Mustela altaica*)
* Tadɣaɣat muzagur imzerreg (*Mustela strigidorsa*)
* Tadɣaɣat n Sibirya (*Mustela sibiricasibirica*)
Iẓuran n telmas

**Iẓuran n Telmas** adlis i yura umussan aglizi n ugama Charles Darwin deg useggas n 1859. Yesskanay-d Charles Darwin deg wedlis-a tiẓri i d-yeqqaren dakken imuddiren ttemhazen si tsuta ɣer tayeḍ (si lǧil ɣer lǧil)
Amuddir

**Amuddir** (asget: **imuddiren**) d tamsukt yeddren dges igmanen yessemdun s igmanen n iden anda yal agman ittmuzil (ixeddem) kra n twuri ar taggara ttaken-d **Amuddir**
Ijdi

**ijdi** d yiwen n uyafu id yettili s talɣa n imendiyen, ijdi yettili aladɣa di tniriwin neɣ deg tiftisin n yilel
Isirru

**isirru** (**[[Assaɣ ussnan]]**: *Meles Meles*)  d aɣersiw amseksum yettidiren di Turuft,
Dɣa aɣersiw-a yella yettidir ula di Tmurt n Iqbayliyen maca tura ulac win yeẓran ma sulen (mazal-iten) neɣ negren
Wirzan

**Wirzan** (**[[Assaɣ ussnan]]**: *Mellivora capensis*) d yiwen n uɣersiw amseksum yeṭṭafaren tawsit n isirru deg twacult n tedɣaɣatin, yettidir deg Tefriqt akk d kra n izegnan n Asya am Blucistan d usamar n Iṛan d tzunegzirt taserɣint. Wirzan d aɣersiw abɣas s waṭas acku yuddes (igder) yerna ur yettagad ara iɣersiwen n iden ɣas ma meqqr-it fell-as, ira (iḥemmel) učči n tamment s waṭas ur yettagad ara tuqqsa n tzizwa akken daɣen i yettaker učči n yizmawen d iknuzen n iɣilasen

## Idgan n tudert
Yettidir deg Tefriqt, iṛan, Blucistan, d tmura n tazunegzirt taserɣintt.

## Asismel

## Aglam

## Wirzan deg yidles

## Učči
Wirzan d aɣersiw amseksum, maca ira tamment ɣef aya yettawi azgen ameqran deg wakud-is yettunag neɣ yettnadi af tiɣersiwin n tzizwa.

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tadɣaɣat
* Isirru
* Tidɣaɣatin
Isirew

**isirew** d agman id nettaf deg wezgen ameqran n temseffatin, isirew yettili-d d sin n izegnan, ad naf yiwen n usirew deg kra n imuddiren am ufgan d tifunasin neɣ ayis, Akken llan imuddiren iden ilan (isɛan) sin n yisirwen am uwtul.

## Imniren
Clint Eastwood

**Clint Eastwood** [klɪnt istwʊd], ilulen ass n 31 deg mayu 1930 deg San Francisco, d asegbar amarikani, d amsufeɣ isura, d ameẓẓawan, d amafras n ssinima. Yewwi rebɛa n warrazen Oskar, snat tikwal s usaru ifazen, snat-iḍen i umsefeɣ ifazen.

Yebda-tt-id s temlilin tisinanin uqbel ad yettwassen s umazrar ɣezzifen *Rawhide* n ustudyu Uneversal iɣer yekcem s tallelt n kra n yemdukal. Dɣa din i t-yeẓra  Sergio Leone i t-yewwin ad yurar deg Tmakraḍt Idularen ( *Ɣef tkemmict idularen*, *Ɣef kra idularen-iḍen*, *Uḥdiq, abhim d uqeṭṭaɛ*). Syin mi yettwassen, yeṭṭef aṭas n temlilin, ama ɣur Universal neɣ Warner Bros.

Deg useggas n 1968 i yuɣal netta s yiman-is d amafras mi yeldi tkebbanit Malpaso ideg i d-yessufeɣ asarau-ines amenzu  A*friwes n yiḍ* deg useggas 1971.

Assa yessaweḍ ɣer wugar n 35 isura i t-yerran d yiwen seg imsufaɣ yettuqadren ugar deg umaḍal.
Kalitus (Tamdint)

**Kalitus** (s tefrensist: *Les Eucalyptus*), d taɣiwant n twilayt n Lezzayer, zedɣen-tt 116.107 n yimezdaɣen.
Asegbar

**Asegbar** (deg unti tasegbart), d anaẓur amsadur i yettbuddun ṣṣifa n tfekka-s akk neɣ taɣect-is kan i kra n uwadem deg tmezgunt, deg usaru, deg tiliẓri neɣ di rrady. Meḥsub yettidir kra n uneḍru d yiḥulfan deg teswiɛt-nni akken i ten-id-yefka weḍris neɣ taqsiṭ i yekkat ad d-yesken i imferrjen.
Ṭikkuk

**Ṭikkuk** neɣ **Adekku** (**[[Assaɣ ussnan]]**: *Cuculus canorus*) d yiwen n telmest n yegṭaṭ yeṭṭafaren tawsit tadekkut anda llan wazal n 20 n telmas, Ṭikkuk yewwi-d isem-is seg imesli-ynes (ṣṣut-is) 

## Aglam

## Ideggan n tudert

## Inurar n tẓẓuni d tinigt

## Tikkuk deg yidles alsan d Uqbayli

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Tiferni Tagmawit

**tiferni tagmawit** neɣ **tiferni tamagant.** D akala iss zemren yimuddiren yesɛan ittewlan yessrewsen mliḥ i twennaḍt-nsen ad idiren ad frurxen w ad ssneṭḍen ittewlan-nni i lǧil i d-iteddun. S uɛeddi n lweqt. ad d-yawi wa ibeddilen deg yittewlan n tɣerfa ideg ara yeḍru ubuddu n yittewlan yettɛawanen tigrit d wefrurex, ma d widak ur nesɛi lfayda ad udrusen.
Aridal

**Aridal** (Assaɣ usnan: *Hyaena Hyaena*) d yiwen n uɣersiw amseksum yteččen imeɣsuyen (ljifat), Yeṭṭafar tawsit n ifis yellan deg  twacult n tiffisin 

## Aglam
Aridal d yiwen gar sin n telmas n yifis iy meqren yakk, Aglim-is d aras imal ar uzunɣid deg yakk tfekka-s 

## Ideggan n tudert
Yettidir deg Tefrikt n ugafa d Asya talemmast d Lhend
Tiffisin

**Tiffisin** (Assaɣ usnan: *Hyaena*) d tewsit n temsuṭaṭ, temseksumin dges azal n 4 n telmas am: Aridal, ifis akk d tzuri

## Tamezduɣt
Ttidiren deg Tefriqt d kra n izegnan deg Asya

## Tilmas
Llan waṭas n telmas n Tiffisin, Deg-sen:

* Aridal
* Ifis
* Tazuri
* Ifis aras
Tawsit (tudersent)

**Tawsit** (s Tlatint: *Genus*) d adras amessarti yettusmersen deg tsensartut n yimuddiren d timesɣaz yakk d ivirusen. Deg ubellez amnursuy i wsesmel asnudran, Tawsit tettas-d d nnig n telmest yakk d ddaw n twacult, Dɣa deg wassaɣ amisin, isem n tewsit yettaleɣ-d isem amezwaru n wassaɣ amisin i yal talmest yeṭṭafaren tawsit-nni. Amedya **Panthera leo** (izem) d **Panthera uncia** (aɣilas n wedfel) gan d snat n telmas n '''Panthera''' yeṭṭafaren tawacult n Felidae
Imusnawen n tsensartut ttakzen-d asemmi n tewsit maca ulac ilugan ufrinen deg usesmel n tewsit ɣef wanect-a imazzagen yemgaraden ttsumuren-d isesmilen yemgaraden i tewsitin
Ɣas akken ma llant kra n tillalin timuta yettwasmersen, gar-asent tikti i d-iqqaren d akken tiwsitin yettwassnen taggara ayyi yessefk fell-asent ad lunt (ad sɛunt) 3 n isebdaden i wakken ad ttussemlen-tt d tiwsitin.

:
* Aynazɣer: Yakk tilmas i d-illan seg yiwet n temsartut timezdit yakked (lwaḥi)
* Temẓi n ubleɣ ad yili s talɣa taɣerzant: yessefk ur yettili ara wemgarad meqqren s waṭas gar n ibelɣen gar tilmas
* 

## Assissen
Yakk tilmas n imuddiren (aɣersiw, tuga, imɣan, igersalen...) ttwaqqnen ɣer yiwet n tewsit, ɣef ugani n wassaɣ ussnan yettwasmersen sɣur Carl Von Linné.

Yal talmest tezmer ad tlu (tesɛu) aṭas tdu-lmas: amedya, awerɣil amenkad (isem alatini : *Aptenodytes forsteri*) d uwerɣil ageldan (*Aptenodytes patagonica*) llan sin yidsen deg tewsit *Aptenodytes*, n twacult n sapiens iwerɣilen.

Tawsit talsant semman-as Homo.

## Tiggayin n yisem n tewsit

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Amayas

**Amayas** (isem ussnan: **Acinonyx jubatus**) d yiwet n telmest n tserɣuda yettidiren di Tefriqt d Asya Tutrimt. Yettwassen s yiwet n tiddit tusdidt (tarqaqt), s yiḍarren ɣezzifen, d yikacbaren i yezmer ad yessufeɣ yakk neɣ s uzgen. Axenfuc-is meẓẓiy degs sin n yijeṛṛiden berriken ttiwḍen ɣer wallen. Aglim-is yebberqec yakk s yini aberkan ɣef tudfir tawraɣt.

Amayas yettwassen s tizli-ynes 
, acku d netta i d aɣersiw arurad yakk gar iɣersiwen imuranen (yettidiren deg wakal), ugarent anagar kra n telmas n yegṭaṭ, maca tarurda ayi yettmagar-it-id temẓi n wakud d ustum i yezmer ad yazzel.

## Imadaren
Imusnawen mgaraden af annect n imadaren yellan deg talmest n umayas, llan wid id yeqqaren llant 6 n imadaren, akken illan wid id yeqqaren 8
Ameddurdu

**Ameddurdu** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Gulo gulo*) d aɣersiw amseksum yettidiren deg ugafa n Turuft Akked Asya d Marikan, Ameddurdu d netta yak i d aɣersiw ameqran deg twacult n tedɣaɣatin, dɣa netta d aɣerdiw yuddsen (ijehden) tafekka-ynes teččur d aksum, Učči ynes yezzi ɣef ikesman imi netta yettekkin deg tfesna n temseksumin.

## Aglam

## Asismel

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Tadɣaɣat n izawaɣen

**Tadɣaɣat n izawaɣen** (isem usnan: *Mustela eversmanii*) d yiwen n uɣersiw yeṭṭafaren tawsit n tedɣaɣayin yettekkin deg twacult n tedɣaɣatin
Anessas

**Anessas** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Mustela putorius furo**) d talmest n temseksumin yeṭṭafaren tawsit n tedɣaɣat deg tawacult n tedɣaɣatin, Anessas i d talmest tamegrudt n uwerta n igran maca azmez n wegrad-is i tikkelt tamezwarut ur yettwassen ara ɣas akken llan wid id yeqqaren send n 2500 n iseggasen

## Aglam

## Učči
Anessas d aɣersiw anegmar

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tadɣaɣat
* Tadɣaɣat n izawaɣen
Tidɣaɣatin

**Tidɣaɣatin** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Mustelidae**) d yiwet n twacult yeṭṭafaren tfesna n temseksumin, iɣersiwen n twacult-a lan (sɛan) tafekka d teɣzi d iṭarren meẓẓiyen akken daɣen i lan ikacbaren deg taggara n tfednin

Tilmas n twacult-a tetten tigemrawin timeẓyanin am temseɣẓaẓ d ibureɣsen, maca tilmas meqqren am umeddurdu tetten-t tigemrawin imeqqren ɣef temseɣẓaẓ

## [[Adu-twacult|Tidu-twaculin]] n twacult
Tawacult n tedɣaɣatin tettwagzam ɣef 3 n tdu-twaculin tigjdanin:
* Tadɣaɣat
* Wirzan
* Aydi n waman

Kra n telmest n tedɣaɣatin timezdiyin (mucaɛen):
*Tadɣaɣat: ameẓyan akk deg telmas n tewacult-a, Yegguni deg wučči-ynes af iɣeṛdayen, Yettili s waṭas deg Turuft, Tafriqt n Ugafa d n utaram Asya
* Imziy neɣ tazelkeṭṭa n taydiwin: d aɣersiw yettidiren deg isekla n tayda akk d tumert, Učči-ynes yezzi af igṭaṭ d inẓiden
* Tareddi: D talmest timezdit yakk s waṭas
* Ameddurdu: ameqran deg-sen yakk deg tiddi imi yezmer ad yaweṭ alamma 90 cm
* Anessas: D telmest timikrit (yetturba)
* Azirdyaw neɣ Azeṭṭen: D amerrew azɣaran n unessas
* Aydi n waman: d talmest tamyiwent yettidiren deg waman, ittett iselman

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Imziy

**Imziy** neɣ **tazelkeṭṭa n taydiwin** (isem usnan: *Martes Martes*) Yeṭṭafar tawsit n timziyin, tawacult n tedɣaɣatin

## Sked daɣen

* Tadɣaɣat n izawaɣen
* Tazgaga
* Abizun 
* Tareddi
* Anessas
* Tadɣaɣat n wedrar
Tareddi

**Tareddi** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Mustela erminea*) d talmest n temseksumin yeṭṭafaren tawsit yettidir deg Marikan n ugafa d Urasya d Tmurt n Iqbayliyen, Tareddi d aɣersiw yeẓlin (icebḥen) maca iga d anegmar idegẓen s waṭas

## Aglam
Tareddi d aɣersiw usdid d aleggaɣ, teɣzi n usallaf-is tugar agla n tedɣaɣat, ini n weglim-is d aras imalen ar uzeggaɣ sufell, ma d adis-is d amellal 
Teɣzi n uwtem tga gar n 16 ar 31 cm, ma d tawtemt s ddaw n wannect-a  
Azuk n uwtem n treddi iga gar n 130 ar 450 g. Ma d tawtemt gar n 110 ar 280 g

## Idgan n tudert
Yettidir deg Turuft, agafa n Asya akked Marikan ufella, Zik yella yettidir ula di Tmurt n Leqbayel maca tura yzmer ad yili yenger

## Učči
Tareddi d aɣersiw yettekkin deg tfesna n temsuksumin, yegguni deg wučči-ynes af iɣerdayen tettaf deg yegran akk d igtal

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tadɣaɣat
* Tadɣaɣat n izawaɣen
* Tidɣaɣatin
Tadɣaɣat n wedrar

**Tadɣaɣat n wedrar** (isem usnan: *Mustela altaica*) d yiwet n telmest seg twacult n tedɣaɣatin yettidiren deg idgan iflalen (iɛlayen) akk d Tundra.

## Idgan n tudert
Yettidir di Lhend, Kazaxistan, Agni n Tibit akk d idurar n Himalaya.

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tidɣaɣatin
* Tazgaga
* Tadɣaɣat
* Tadɣaɣat n izawaɣen
Tazgaga

**Tazgaga** neɣ **Tadɣaɣat n Maṣer** (isem usnan: *Mustela Nivalis*) d aɣersiw amseksum seg twacult n tedɣaɣatin yettidir di Maṣer.

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tadɣaɣat n wedrar
* Tadɣaɣat
Tadɣaɣat tamezdit

**Tadɣaɣat timezdit** d yiwet n telmest n tedɣaɣtin yettidiren deg Turuft, Asya, Marikan ufella akked Tefriqt ugafa, 

## Učči

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tadɣaɣat
* Anessas
* Tareddi
Tadɣaɣat muzagur imzerreg

**Tadɣaɣat muzagur imzerreg** (isem usnan: *Mustela strigidorsa*) d talmest yeṭṭafaren Tawacult n tidɣaɣatin.

## Idgan n tudert
Yettidir deg aneẓẓul n usamar n Asya.

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tadɣaɣat
* Tazgaga
Anẓid Amaziɣ

**Anẓid n Tmazɣa** nɣ **Akbur amaziɣ** (assaɣ usnan: *Atlantoxerus getulus*) d yiwen gar telmeas n tewsit n inẓiden, Yettidir di tmura n Tmazɣa id yezgan di Tafriqt ugafa.

## Ismawen-is
* Isem aɛrab: (*السنجاب البربري*)
* Ɣer imaziɣen n Umeṛṛuk: (*Anziḍ*), (*Akbur*), (*Abgur*)
* Di tama n Taza: (*Cefcen شفشن*)

## Tiddi d wazuk
Tiddi-ynes ad tili gar n 20 ar 25 cm war asallaf-is Yettwassen ar 15 cm, ma d azuk-is yettili gar 200 alamma d 300g neɣ ugar.

## Učči
Anẓid n Tmazɣa d aɣersiw amestugan imi ytečč ifsan d kra n igumma yettaf deg tegnit am ugusim, iderran akked isiɣid neɣ asegmar d udeffu, d kra n icakan neɣ izegza am amessa d tazant.

## Tiɣzi n tudert
Mara ad yili deg uzaɣar yettidir gar n 3 ar 5 n iseggasen, Maca mara ad yilli yettwaṭṭef ɣer ufgan yezmer ad yidir alarma d 8 n iseggasen.

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Anẓid
* Anẓid amaylal
* Timestuga
Anẓid amaylal

*Anẓid amaylal* (isem usnan: *Pteromyini*) d yiwen n ukerdis dges azal n 50 telmas n tenẓidin ṭṭafaren-t yakk tafesna n temseɣẓaẓ

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Anẓid
* Anẓid n Tmazɣa
Tinẓidin

**Tinẓidin** d yiwet n twacult n tfesna n temseɣẓaẓ deg-s 51 n tewsitin d wazal n 280 n telmas, nezmer ad naf tilmas-a deg yakk idgan n tagnit anagar Ustralya d Ɣinya tamaynut d Antraktika

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Anẓid amaylal
* Anẓid
* Anẓid azeggaɣ
* Anẓid n Tmazɣa
Timseɣẓaẓ

**Timseɣẓaẓ** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Rodentia*), d tagrawt n iɣersiwen imsuṭaṭ yeṭṭafaren astirf n temzikrin, tarebbut-a yakk ilan (yesɛan) aṭas n iɣersiwen deg tfesna n temsuṭad s wazal yugaren 40% n wuṭṭun n telmas yellan deg wesmil n temseffatin

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Anẓid
* Anẓid amaylal
* Tinẓidin
* Aɣeṛda
Amaɣus

**Amaɣus** d yiwen n umerway afsusan (axfifan) n uzeffar n asitik, Tukksa n umaɣus yettili-d s asemtten n kra n igumma am udeffu d tiyni d tẓurin

## Amaɣus di tasnajya

## Abaɣur (lfayda n umaɣus n udeffu

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Adeffu

* Tuẓurin

* Amaɣus n udeffu

* Adeffu
Amerway

**Amerway** deg takrura d arway n sin iyufa israwen (iṣfan) neɣ ugar

## Tilmas n imerwayen

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Amaɣus

* Amaɣus n udeffu
Ameṛɣennis

## Tilmas

## Ismawen
*Isem-is s latinit: Kundmannia sicula
*Isem-is s tefransist: 
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit: Timeṛɣennist
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

## Isseqdac

## Tiwelhiwin
Tuwmert

**Tuwmert** neɣ **Tumert** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Picea**) d tawsit n isekla yeṭṭafaren tawacult tzumbiyin. Tilmas n tumert ttemɣayen-tt-d deg wezgen agafan n tegnit, deg Uruppa, Tamrikt n Ugafa yakk d Asya. Aladɣa deg tamiwin timsedrarin timnummsanin d tsemmaṭin. Dɣa yezmer ad yili urway gar n tumert d telmas yemgaraden n tewment.

## Aglam

## Tilmas
* Tuwmert tazeggaɣt
* Tuwmert n usamar 
* Tuwmert tanumidt

## Tumert deg tdamsa

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tayda
* Taydiwin 
* Imɣan
Azeffar

**Azeffar** d yal uddis akruran  yezmer mara ad yefsi deg waman ad yeslelli Tipṛutunin n uhidṛujin

## Asenmel

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tanga
Adeffu

**Adeffu** (**[[Assaɣ ussnan]]**: *Malus domestica*) d yiwen gar n telmas n imɣan

## Tilɣa n yemɣi

## Amezruy

## Abaɣur n udeffu

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Asegmar

* Afarmas
* Asfir
* Afurmas
* Tiyni
* Isiɣid
* Agusim
* Adren
* Ččina
* Idernen
* Tifirest
* Tizwal
* Tikilsya
* Igumma
Ibejji

**Ibejji** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Pistacia terebinthus**) de yiwet n telmest n yisekla yeṭṭafaren tawsit n yijj.

## Aglam

## Tiwlafin

## Isseqdac

## Ẓeṛ daɣen