Oscar Wilde

**Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde** (ilul deg 16 Tuber 1854, yemmut deg 30 Wamber 1900) yella d amedyaz, d amyaru n tmezgunin, yerna d ameskar n yingalen n tmurt n Irlanda. Yettuneḥsab d yiwen seg yimyura mechuṛen akk deg tallit-is n lqern wis 19 di Lundun, ladɣa s tḍuri-s d wallaɣ-is  icebḥen. Isefra-s, ladɣa timezgunin-is, mazal-itenettwaɣran yerna ttwaxdamen ar ass-a. Nwala-t d anemsiweḍ ameqqran n tmuɣli n **"tazdayzunt"** (Aestheticism), i yeqqaren belli ilaq taẓuri ad tili kan i lǧal n teḥuski-ines  (Taẓuri i Taẓuri), mačči i wakken ad tesselmed neɣ ad tessewjed.

## Tudert-is tamezwarut d ulmud-is
Ilul-d Oscar Wilde di Dublin, di tmurt n Irlanda. Baba-s, **Sir William Wilde**, yella d amejjay n wallen d tmeẓẓuɣin yettwassnen, ma d yemma-s, **Jane Wilde** (yettwassnen s yisem n "Speranza"), tella d tamedyazt yerna teɣra aṭas, tettili d tanemahalt ɣef yizerfan n tmurt-is. Axxam-is yella d amukan n tmusni d yidles, anida i d-yekker Wilde ger yidlisen d umeslay aɣaran.

Iɣra deg yiwet seg tesdawiyin timeqqranin akk: **Trinity College** di Dublin, sakkin **Magdalen College** di Oxford, di tmurt n Legliz. Deg ulmud-is, yella d anelmad ifazen, yerna yewwi aṭas n warrazen ɣef tmedyazt-is d tira-s. Deg tallit-nni i yebda yessemɣaray tiktiwin-is ɣef wazal n teḥuski d taẓuri di tudert.

## Amecwar-is adelsan d yisefra-s
Mi yekfa leqraya-s, Wilde iṛuḥ ad yezdeɣ di London, anda yuɣal s lemɣawla d argaz yettwassnen deg tmetti. Yella yettwassen s llebsa-s icebḥen, s umeslay-is ineɣɣayen, d tinefkatin-is (epigrams) yesseḍsayen yerna yettawin ad ixemmem umdan.

## Tmezgunin
Wilde yettwassen ugar s tmezgunin-is. Yura aṭas n tkomidiyin i d-yeskanen s udem ufrir  amek tga tmetti n tallit-nni, s yinzan d tḍuri. Gar-asent, ad naf:

* ***Tawleft n Lady Windermere*** *(Lady Windermere's Fan)*
* ***Tameṭṭut war Azal*** *(A Woman of No Importance)*
* ***Argaz Amedya*** *(An Ideal Husband)*
* Tamezgunut-is tameqqrant akk, ***Anamek n Yisem Earnest*** *(The Importance of Being Earnest)*, i mazal tettwurar ar ass-a di ddunit meṛṛa.

## Ungal-is: Tugna n Dorian Gray
Wilde yura yiwen kan n wungal, maca yuɣal d amedya adelsan: ***Tugna n Dorian Gray*** *(The Picture of Dorian Gray)* (1890). Ungal-a yehka-d ɣef yiwen n yilemẓi icebḥen aṭas, Dorian Gray, i yessuturen i tugna-s ad temɣer deg wemkan-is, i wakken netta ad yeqqim d ilemẓi i dayem. Ungal-a yesskan-d tiɣawsiwin am teḥuski, tadfi, d umenɣi ger lxiṛ d ccer deg wul n umdan.

## Tamedyazt d tullisin
Yura daɣen aṭas n tmedyazt, am ***Taqṣit n lḥebs n Reading*** *(The Ballad of Reading Gaol)*, d tullisin imecṭaḥ i yigerdan d yimɣaren, gar-asent ***Ageldun Aseɛdi d Tmacahutin-iḍen***.

## Tafelsafit-is d tiktiwin-is
Tidmi n Oscar Wilde tezga tebna ɣef sin n yimenzayen  imeqqranen:

* **Tazdayzunt (Aestheticism):** I Wilde, taẓuri ur tesɛi ara iswi n tseddast neɣ n uselmed. Azal-is yella deg teḥuski-ines kan. Yeqqar: "Taẓuri meṛṛa d ayen ur nesɛi sfayda". Ayen yebɣa ad d-yini, d akken ur ilaq ara ad nqelleb ɣef lfayda tamesɣant  (pratique) deg yisefra n taẓuri.
* **Timanit (Individualism):** Yella yettwali belli yal amdan ilaq ad yidir tudert-is akken yebɣa, war ma yeṭṭef-it-id lqanun n tmetti neɣ ansayen. Itteddu d umeslay ɣef tlelli n umdan akken ad yessali iman-is.

## Izmaẓen, Lḥebs, d Uɣelluy-is
Tudert n Wilde tbeddel aṭas mi bdant tegnatin n diri. Yella yesɛa tamɣiwent d yiwen n yilemẓi, **Lord Alfred Douglas**. Baba-s n yilemẓi-a, **Marquis n Queensberry**, mi yeẓra, isseɣli-d aɣewwiɣ ameqqran, yerna yekkat deg Oscar Wilde, yenna-d fell-as d awal n diri zdat medden.

Wilde yerra-as-d s uzmaẓ  (procès) ɣef lexdeɛ, maca yexṣer. Tagi tefra s wayen n diri. Adabu (le pouvoir)  n tallit-nni yewwi-t-id, isɛedda-t di ccreɛ ɣef "t-tixxamin n yir tikli". Ḥekmen fell-as s snat n yiseggasen n lxedma n tmara di lḥebs n Reading. Lḥebs-a yerẓa-t, ama di lǧehd-is ama deg wallaɣ-is.

## Ussan-is ineggura d tmettant-is
Mi d-yeffeɣ si lḥebs deg useggas n 1897, Oscar Wilde yella yenḥaf, yexṣer adrim-is d yisem-is. Iṛuḥ ɣer tmurt n Fṛansa, anda yidir kra n yiseggasen di lḥif d lmisirya. Yemmut di Paris deg useggas n 1900, yesɛa 46 n yiseggasen kan di leɛmer-is.