open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Aryam

**Aryam** (tulsa 22 Ctember 1980) d tagnant tamarat n Imarat, tettwali-d seg leɛṣel n Miṣri; isem-is uslig d **Rim Cɛaban Ibrahim Ḥassan**. Tebda-t-id tameɣra-s di Dubay s tɣanni i yimeclazen n Limarat Taɛrabin Yeddukklen am Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, Ɛli bin Salem Al Kaɛbi, Muḥemmed bin Salem Aẓẓaheri d tamedyazt Muṭlaɛ aš-Šems.

## Tameɣra
Twalid di Fujayra, t-yeṭṭef-d attsusmi deg tleqdiyin seg Tajmaɛt n Ɛajman i Tferka d Tixxamt n Tmezliwt d Ttekniḍjya; sakin tkemmel *maǧistèr*. Tettwafernet-tt Tajmaɛt n Zayed i wahil “Ambasadur n Abu Dhabi” n tedbelt n tḥemmimt deg Imarat.

## Tamahilt n tmuzika
Tendad-d di 1995 s tbeṭṭu, mi yella tettḥaḍret ar Mḥaǧǧet n Tiɣalin n Dubay akked mi-s nnes Rania. Yemmger-tt umesnawal Simon Asmar ad tɣanne; seg wayen tefki-d tgezmi i tɣanni n lmusaɣ Aḥlam. Tussna-s n tutlayt taɣallit d tnezlit-is di lxalij tɛawnen-as i uzdet n wagdud-is. Tefka-d afetten s tɣalt n ***Ya mɛazzel*** s wawalen n Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan.

T-yeffeɣ-d seg Tajmaɛt n Ɛajman s lqed n tmerna d amezwaru di tmedyazt n tḥeqqit, t-yessekcem *Jawahir* d *Njume n lxalij 2*.

Di Yuni 2006, tɛeddi Aryam s wacud n tzemmurt deg Dubay; seld kra n wussan, tuɣal-d ɣer tfejjigt.

Di 2011, tteḥraṛent-d tagnant tawuri akked *[[Platinum Records]]* i weẓreg n w’album ***Vitamin lɣram*** s wudem amḍan kan. Daɣen tella-d d-yennaḍ ur ifuk ara asenfel n w’album, ihi yewwet-lha uɣer tiferḍanin (*singles*) d ubrid ifɛa; tella-d tesleḍ i Platinum Records imi ur yemmuggaren ara s telɣut akken ilaq.

Tegga-d daɣen tamseɣdayt n yiseɣẓanen n tiliɣri: *Jawahir* (tazribt n tamedyazt) d *Njume n lxalij* (lɣani).

## Tazmert (Albumen)
* *Ya mɛazzel*
* *La waḥsayef*
* *Šuftek šeffa*
* *Mahragan Muṭlaɛ aš-Šems al-awwal*
* *Salam lḥub*
* *Arsem ɣram*
* *Rjeɛet-ik tikkelt-nniḍen*
* *Wala mhtemma* – 2000
* *Vitamin lɣram* – 2011

## Tiwelhiwin
Ačdjan

**Ačdjan** (tettwaled di 1 Yulyu 1973) d tmseḥḥut d tamneggagt tnefransist n lqbayel n Iran yettwasneflen di Limarat. Deg tazwara n tarrayt-is tesselkem kra n tɣunasin n umezduɣ di Ṭahran, yerna tserreḥ asegru amezwaru n tugniwin i yesɛan tẓa n tɣuri tisɛa s taɛrabt d tafarisit s yisem ‘‘Aṣala fi Aṣala’’.

## Tameddurt d tarrayt
Teṭṭefka-d s tseddaṛt n *lisans* deg taddart n tsusmi n Tafarist di Taddart n Ṭahran. Ttekki deg yixeṛsan n tmedyazt am-d ameɛawn n wemsefrak d umgid n usemres send ad tuɣal d tmseḥḥut ɣef uḍṛu. Urar-is amezwaru deg Tiyatra n Iran yella s yisem *«ʿInayha bi Lawn al-Baḥr»* (*Tiṭ nnsent s warna n yili*). Deg taggara n tensawin tisɛa, tenezza-d ɣer Limarat, yerna tennant di yimingaz i teddant-tt d tazwara n tarrayt-is di 2000, mi t-teṭṭefka-d deg usenfar *«ʿInayha»* n umeskar d umesfrak Ṣaleḥ Krama deg *Ussan n tiyatra n Šarqa*.

Yefka-t-id uɣerbaz s taɣzut-is n taẓnant n tmseḍri *Umm ʿAlawi* deg ussnen n ukartan *Frīj*, yerna s ukilp n Ramḍan *Hal Ramḍan* akked ʿAbd Allah Ṣaleḥ d Jaber Naɣmuš. T-teṭṭaf-d daɣen di kra n tḥalaqin n umaṣilsi n tnekkist n Saɛudiyya ''Silfi''.

Tella d tagazant n lɣenza n *Festival Aɣellid n Tiyatra n Bɣedad* di tnezwart-is tamezwarut.

## Tigrawin (Imeskar)
### Imasilsilen n tlevyizyun
* *Frīj 6* (2024)
* *Wedima d Ḥlima* (ajuz 3) (2024)
* *Umm Harun* (2020)
* *Ṣif Bard* (2018)
* *Qluba Imellalen* (2018)
* *Silfi* (ajuz 3) (2017)
* *Ṭmaša* (ajuz 6) (2017) — tinit d tɣif-uzwir
* *ɣef tasedda aqellal* (2017) — tɣif-uzwir
* *Aseggwas n wesẓay* (2015)
* *Low inni aɛref axetmi* (2015)
* *Uraḳ seg wemzizdi* (2014) — tɣif-uzwir
* *Wedima d Ḥlima* (ajuz 2) (2014)
* *Wedima d Ḥlima* (2013)
* *Riḥ n Waddaɣ* (ajuz 3) (2012)
* *Amɣani d umḥarruš* (2011)
* *ɣašmašm* (ajuz 5) (2010)
* *Zman Ṭnaf* (2010)
* *Riḥ n Waddaɣ* (ajuz 2) (2010) — d *Ḥamda*
* *Ublet Nura* (2008) — d *Fayqa*
* *Azhar Maryam* (2007)
* *Frīj* (2006) — tamessawt n *Umm ʿAlawi*
* *Amwaǧ ħadi’a* (2005)
* *Junun lmal* (2003)
* *Leɛbet lqdar* (2002)
* *Ḥayyer Ṭayyer* (ajuz 3) (2001)

### Isura (Tifilm)
* *Kibrit* (2017)
* *Ra’iḥat laxbuz* (2015)
* *Dlafin* (2014)
* *Funduq di tamdint* (2009)

## Tiwelhiwin
Ḥur Al-Qasmi

**Ḥur Al Qasimi** (Arabic: حور القاسمي) (tettwaled di 1980) d tacekḥit limaratnit, tettwali d tamsefrakt d tmasnunt n Sharjah Art Foundation d tudert tettban deg umaḍal n tfenni. S Sharjah Biennial ttemmad-d tfenni n Umaluq amenzay d yifenniyen n Amezruy n Wamaluq deg umaḍal. 

## Tazwara n tudert d tɣemmar
Ḥur Al Qasimi tettwaled di 1980 deg twacult tagnitt n Šarqa, Limarat Taɛrabin Yeddukklen; d ultma n Sultan bin Muḥemmed Al-Qasimi. Mi llant-d 14 iseggassen, tebɣi ad tili d aṣeḍḍaq n uɣrum (chef), sinna tban-as lḥemm n usuneɣ n yiferka n yifurcen. Tessefra-d iselkan n tmezwart deg Slade School of Fine Art di Lundən di 2002, yerna tessens-as d acu i tebɣa yellan d tusnawt n usuneɣ. Sakin tgemmar-d tisent n usefrek di Royal Academy of Arts di 2005, yerna tteṭṭefka-d *M.A.* deg uselkem n tcurat tamirant di Royal College of Art di 2008.

## Tarrayt
Di 2009, Ḥur Al Qasimi tesnulfa Sharjah Art Foundation i tettbeddil imttekkiyen imalasn, tnezlit n yifenniyen d yisemfarken, zaseɣwasen, isefka d tneflit, tneddufuyin n tameẓruy, d usteqṣay n tmeddurt s uselkem. Tesɛa-d tura deg Sharjah Biennial seg 2003, ttekki-d d tamseddayt n tusnakt n tesdita sdis n tnermiwin mi tella d 22 iseggassen. Tella d tamseddayt n ugdil n Limarat Taɛrabin Yeddukklen deg Venice (56 n tnermiwin) di 2015. Tella d tamseddayt taneggarut n Sharjah Biennial 15 di 2023 s yisem “Thinking Historically in the Present,” amennuɣ ad tili d uḍris aneggaru n Okwui Enwezor. Di 2024, yettwabernan belli ad tili d tamseddayt n tfenni n Biennale of Sydney n 2026, yerna ad tili d amezwaru n  Aichi Triennale n 2025 deg Yapun.

Di Yunyu 2024, tesskan-d tɣerdayt n lexlaṣ deg Lundən, tettuɣal ɣef umahil n gma-s deg tḥerfist n lǧihaz n igalisen.

## Izwiren d yisnawen
Di 2023, ttwafkeɣ-as uselkim n tedris (Honorary Doctorate) seg University for the Creative Arts (Farnham, UK).

Di 2024, tettwasemman d tamezwert deg umaḍal n tcurat tamirant s uswir n “Power 100” n *ArtReview* (amdan yettḥesben d aɛezzi mgalen).

## Tudert tudmawant
Gma-s twin, Khalid bin Sultan Al Qasimi, yella d asuneɣ n lexlaṣ.

## Tiwelhiwin
Meriem Al Muhairi

**Meriem bint Muḥemed Saɛid Ḥareb Al Muhairi** (مريم بنت محمد سعيد حارب المهيري) d tamezwarut d tministra imaratenni; tura tella tamseddayt n tɣawsa n ymediḍen n tmeddurt deg Uxxam n Yiɣerwaḍen (Presidential Court). Tazwara, tella d tministra n Limarat Taɛrabin Yeddukklen n uɣyev n tagnawt d wemnaḍ (climate change d wemnaḍ) armi 11 Yennayer 2024.

## Tudert tazwarut d tɣemmar
Tettwaled di 1979, baba-s d Imaratenni, imma-s d Lelmanit. Tessexdem di Latifa School for Girls deg Dubay, sakin di RWTH Aachen University (Lelma n Yerman), anida i t-ṭṭefkat Baccalauréat d Maîtrise deg tineǧra mekkaniyet (tanezduɣt deg tneflit d usdaw n tneccabt).

## Tarrayt
Seld uneggaf-is, temdu di tɣellist: deg Ministry of Environment and Water tettkecmen ar usenfaṛ n Khalifa Bin Zayed Centre for Marine Research, asenfaṛ n ussuduq n uḍruy n uɣaru, d tmeẓri n kra n tismisin. Di 2014 tetteddu d tummidt n tdabbar n uselkim d tẓar (Education and Awareness), tettnafeɛ asentel n tstrategit n lmara n uɛawen n tagnawt deg lmɛakil imaratenni.

Di 2015, tettusel d tamseddayt tasemmamt n tɣwsa (assistant undersecretary) i yimanen n waman d umḥadda n tɣurifen deg Ministry of Climate Change.

Di Tuber 2017, tettusemm d tministra n waddad i tɣellist n taqut d waman (Food & Water Security). Di Cutanbir 2018, tserḥeb s *Food Valley* – amezruy n tknulit n tɣellist n lqut deg Imarat, am uzwel n Silicon Valley. Di Yennayer 2019, tella deg uhesbay n “National Expert Programme” i teɣzunt n tɣerwaḍ d tiyita n tbernaṭiq n tibbura d tḥeqqit n beṛṛa. Di yiwen wasen, tesekker *UAE Food Security Strategy*: 5 igemmaḍen—asecḥal n yiɣbula n uktar n uḍris n lqut, R&D i tneflit deg tmurt, asenser n asruy n lqut yettwazeglen, aḥraz n tllist n lqut, d usnerni n tɣellist n usenqed ar wid itteḍfen di tedjdaɣin. Taqsit: ad tettali tadbelt n Imarat si uswir 31 ar umenzu deg Global Food Security Index s 2051.

Seg 2016, d tella daɣen d tamkarḍit deg ugraw n Emirates Equestrian Federation.

## Tiwelhiwin
Rim Al Marzuqi

**Reem Al Marzouqi** (ريم المرزوقي; d. cca 1990) d tneǧṛiṭt imaratenni d tinnuveṇṭṭart; d tameṭṭut tamezwarut n Limarat Taɛrabin Yeddukklen i yellan yessawlen aserrek n usṛig deg Tigeldunlin n Marikan i tesnulfa-d amecwaṛ n tmubilit i yettwadren war ifassen.

## Tamezdagnut
Tett grew deg umdakkel “adig umɛawan d igmawen” deg Imarat, ayen i yessutren-tt ɣer tgmiyin d tmubilin. Tekkcem di University of the United Arab Emirates deg 2008 s iswi ad tili d taɣerdayt n tizegrarin, tett-id effɣeḍ s Ba-k n tineǧra n tizegrarin, mačči d talmidt n “A” maca tgemreḍ. Mi tella tettalemsas, tgejjed di tedrimt n tduddin deg Abu Ḍabi d Dubay (am *Musanada*). Ttuffeɣ-d di wis sin deg *Emirates National Skills Carpentry Competition* d tameṭṭut tamezwarut n tatekki-a.

Reem tmesɛa-d usṛig n Marikan i umesnulfu-is amezwaru, *Lower Extremity Vehicle Navigation Control System*; sakin yettwaserkem di Ljapon daɣen. Anagraw-agi iseqdec iḍawen n uḍar kan (tangalt n uderɣal, tasnireft n usɣen d tasnireft n uḥbes), i yettmuddun ad yettadren wid ur ssawlen ara ifassen. D amenzu n umesnulfu-a; UAEU tesɛa-d daɣen isuter n usṛig di Cayina d Ttḥada n Turubba (EU). Yebɣa-d d yiwen seg yirniyen n useɣwen n *Takamul*.

Iselken n usṛig d-yewweḍen-d seg tadrimt n *ethics* di tmesɣelt; tettcekkir i tebrat n tiliɣri n Jessica Cox (amezzwer n umsafer war ifassen) i tella tettmeslay ɣef wuguren n tadrimt s yiḍawen kan. Amek i d-yelbedd tasunfel-t, amsal n tsura, ameddaz-ines yebɣa yessenseḍ; mi yewwi tsurya, yennad-as ad tesutreɣ i usṛig n Marikan — imi texdem-d aɣelluy i wuguren n tidett.

Ttekki deg Expo Science International. Amezruy-is yettban di “A History of the World in 100 Objects” n Musée Britannique, di Manarat Al Saadiyat (Abu Dabi) 4/2014–8/2014; Neil MacGregor yessel-it d “ameddakwel ameẓẓyan n unnamus n umdan i uznuz i iferjen imaynuten”.

Di 2014 tettwafer zdat *Academy of Achievement* d tamedlayt n tinnovasyon d tknulit di usqerḍ n 51 n usqerreḍ amatu di San Francisco. Tεella-d snat n **Guinness World Records** di 2014: amecriq ameqran n unniḍen yeddan s tballunin n tḥelium d uzdir aɣezfan n wazzal; tazwirin d *Dubai Club for the Disabled* i wakken ad d-sqedcent tmezliyin-nsen. Tettban daɣen deg *Arabian Business* “50 most influential women” (2018) d “100 smartest people in the UAE”.

Seg usensu n tmesɣelt, Reem tettxedmet deg usenfaṛ n Abu Dhabi Airport ɣef usenfel n *Midfield Terminal* i wakken ad yettali-d d ameẓlu n tgujjit s tknulit timaynutin.

Reem tettɣel as tmeṭṭut, yesɛan snat n warrac.

## Tiwelhiwin
Mahira Ɛbd AlƐziz

**Mahira Ɛbd AlƐziz** (مهيرة عبد العزيز) (d. 1989) d tamsɣafit n tasefsit, tameslayt n tiliɣri d tmeɣriya imaratenni. Bdu-tid di tamedyazt am tameslayt n tbeddert n tesɛuda di CNBC Arabia send ad temmerna-d ad tessebɣe *Sabah Al Arabiya* di Al Arabiya. Sakin tesɛa-d ahil n wahilen n tilawin d wamlak n uneqqis-nni ines di MBC; teṛbeḥ asseṭṭaf n “Yifassen n tbeddert n tesɛuda yefraren” di GCC u tfernes-d sɣur Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Knowledge Foundation i usneflay n taṭṭaft n *Snat n lǧǧa*. Tetteddu akked Tiddukla n Tmura Yedduklen di kra n imsektayen, am tirza ɣer tɣumma n yimesran suriyen di Lebnan. Deg 2020, teɣli-d ɣer tmeɣri s wrole di *Al-Manassa* n Netflix, sakin tṛuḥ ar film ameqran *[[Al Kameen]]*. Tella-d tamezwarut yettwafernis sɣur TikTok ad tesbeddeḍ aḥedraw n tussiwt ddaw n usmekti ageldan #LearnOnTikTok.

## Tamezdagnut
Tili-d di Dubay ɣer umazray imaratenni; baba d Imaratenni, imma-t d tMiṣrit. Tewwi Master di tsensla n tasefsit seg Royal Architectural Institute of Canada u teskebber s Wuzmez n ddheb RAIC i tikti-ines. Tettzwedgeḍ s leggzim n tneǧra n Lebnani Xaled Ezzedine; wessnen-tid ta maṛṛa *Yasma*. Deg Yennayer 2025, teblan-d abɛadu-nsen.

## Amttekki n tamedyazt (Media)
Tebda-ted tamedyazt s CNBC Arabia am tameslayt n tesɛuda; sakin ɣur Al Arabiya tessari-d *On the Spot* ɣef lakriḍa n tnaḍt. Tesqedc isallen imeqqṛanen am World Economic Forum di Davos, Anamur n Yili n Mmut (Dead Sea) d timlilit n OPEC di Vienna, u yemyagaren ines ɣer yimanen am Mohamed Alabbar, Chex Aḥmed bin Saʿid, Dan Brown, Taqalit Rania n Urdun d Taqalit Silvia n Swid.

Seg 2012 tessebɣe *Sabah Al Arabiya*; di 2017 teddemeṛ d-tameslayt tamyuga di *[[Kalam Nawaem]]*. Di 2018 yettwafernes sɣur Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Knowledge Foundation ad tesbeddeḍ *Snat n lǧǧa* (*Hope Makers*) i tlata n useggasen d wass.

Di 2019, tetteddu d amsawaḍ n uctu n yirḥi *Ramez fi Ash-Shalal* akked Ramez Galal di Bali. Di 2020, tebdu *Ghadan Ajmal* di MBC s yiɣbula am Yousra, Kosai Khauli d ʿAmr Youssef. Di 2021, tella-d tamezwarut tameslayt taɛrabt i usbeddi n wahil n tussiwt *Learn on TikTok* ɣef TikTok. Ɣer waya, tesbeddeḍ tamsirt n *[[Ameqran n yisefra|Prince of Poets]]* (tafsit 9) di TV Abu Dabi.

## Tɣuri
Tebda-d s wrole am tameslayt di *[[Selfie (musalsal)|Selfie]]* (tafsitin 1 d 3). Deg 2019, tella-d *Nora* di ssaḍis *Al Diva* ɣef Shahid; sakin tettɣur *Sheikha* di *Al-Manassa* n Netflix, u tettɛalla *Khudra Ash-Sharifa* di *Al Waʿd* (leqder n *[[Siret Beni Hilal]]*).

Di 2021, tḥebs-d s *[[Al Kameen]]* (*The Ambush*) i tserked Pierre Morel. Amezruy-agi yessekneɣ am yebbusen n wagdud n Imarat deg wadu.

Di 2022, tetteddu ɣer ufrux n teḍrurat s tɣuri di *Casanova* d Hassan El Raddad d ʿAmr Youssef di Riyadh Season.

Di 2025, tettawi-d d tmeɣriya tameqqrant am *Elaf* di *[[Xrif n wul|Khrif Al-Qalb]]* (90 tḥeḍrin), n leqder n Paramparça n Turki, yebna ɣef MBC. Mi d-yilik, ttekki daɣen deg *[[Dubai Bling]]* n Netflix.

## Tiwelhiwin
Načwa Al Ruwaini

**Načwa Al Ruwaini** (yuli-d 1972, Lqahiṛa) d tamessnulfa d tameslayt n meḍya tmiṣrit. Tettusemmer aṭas am “Oprah Winfrey n umaḍal n Taɛrabt”.

## Tamɣuri
Bdat tamedyazt-is mi tesɛa 15 n iseggassen di tmeslayt n tɣallit n Qaṭar. Sakin tɛeddi ɣer Qatar TV u yella-d d tamezwarut n tilawin i d-tmeslayin ɣef tiliẓri n Taɛrabt.

Tettwakkel s MBC di Londra d Lqahira, anida tessaweḍ ɣef ameskan n uḥedraw n tifrat n yiwen n wass (morning show) n Taɛrabt, lqem n *[[Who Wants to Be a Millionaire]]* n Taɛrabt, d *[[Kalam Nawaem]]*. Aḥedraw-is *Nashwa* yebda di 2006 ɣef Dubai TV.

Di 1998 tesneɣ *Pyramedia*, tkazent n ussnulfud-is. Pyramedia temɣa-d isallen am *[[Prince of Poets]]* d *[[Million's Poet]]*. Al-Ruwaini d Pyramedia ttekkan daɣen di ussirem n uɣersum i ''Aladdin'' (2019). D CEO n *Nashwa Charity Foundation*, *Delma Medical Centre and Spa*, d tizmilin n *International Academy of TV Arts and Sciences*; tettusneɣ daɣen d tamesɣant-tasbeddit n Abu Dhabi Film Festival.

## Tiwelhiwin
Ibtisam Ɛabd Al Ɛziz

**Ibtisam Ɛabd Al Ɛziz** (tettwaled di 1975) d taznayt tamarat tayerza d taredactit, ttwaled-t tezra di Šarqa, Imarat. Tettxeddem s tgeometri d tusnakt iwakken ad tserkeb isaffen n tnekkist d tmagit, sɣur isbedden (*installation*), tnarit n taznayt (*performance*) d imidyaten-nniḍen.

## Tisegzayen
* 2014: NYU Abu Dhabi Art Gallery, Abū Ẓabi, Imarat  
* 2014: *View From Inside* – FotoFest  
* 2014: 32nd Emirates Fine Arts Society Annual Exhibition, Imarat  
* 2013: *Autobiography*, The Third Line, Dubay  
* 2013: Biennale, Houston, USA  
* 2013: *Emirati Expressions*, Manarat Al Saadiyat, Abū Ẓabi.
* 2013: *The Beginning of Thinking is Geometric*, Maraya Arts Centre, Šarqa  
* 2013: *Three Generations*, Sotheby's, Lundrez (UK).
* 2012: *Arab Express*, Mori Art Museum, Tokyo, Jepun  
* 2012: *25 years of Arab Creativity*, L’Institut du Monde Arabe, Paris, Fransa  
* 2012: *Inventing The World: The Artist as a Citizen*, Benin Biennial, Kora Centre, Benin  
* 2009: Pavilyonnen n Imarat di 53rd Venice Biennale  
* 2007: *Ebtisam Abdulaziz*, Sharjah Contemporary Art Museum, Šarqa
* 2005: Sharjah Biennial, Imarat  

## Tigrummiyin
Ixeddamen n Ebtisam llan deg ddeqs n tigrumma tizdamin d timaẓlayin, gar-asen:
* Farook Collection  
* Ministry of Culture, UAE  
* Youth and Community Development, UAE  
* Renault Collection, Fransa  
* Deutsche Bank AG, Almanya  

## Tiwelhiwin
Amira Al Ḥefiti

**Amira Ɛubaid Al Ḥefiti** (أميرة عبيد الحفيتي) d tamelḥaqt tamiratyit; tettbadil-d d tneɣdalt n TAE ɣer Tagelda n Walanda d tamezwarut yideg n tuddsa n useḥbes n iɣesmumen timiyanan (**OPCW**). ɣer deffir, tjenna-d d tameslayt n tneɣdalt n TAE ɣer Tiddukla n Watay (UN).

## Tussna
AlHefeiti tesɛa-d lauréa n tassyat tafellayt di taseddast tasiyast seg Tasdawit n Timmura n TAE, sakin ttagga-d maṭrist di ilugan addunanen d tiɣbula addayen d tneɣdalt seg Sorbonne University Abu Dhabi. Tegg-d usnulfu n yisenfar-enniḍen n tneɣdalt d tɣawsiwin addayen di CSIS (Washington, D.C.), New York University d Harvard Kennedy School.

## Tamɣuri
Bdat d amnar n leqdic di Agraw Aberni Aberni (Federal National Council) am amnar n taseddast. Sakin temhed as akken ad tili d tamsedda n usneflay di Tamdint n tesmict d tneflit n Syaɛqed Muḥend (ex *Dubai School of Government*). Di yennayer 2011, tterke ɣer Aɣensu n Tigawt d Tɣawsiwin n TAE, anda tettwaserkeb d tanalyzeɣt di tgejdit n tuserbit (Policy Planning). Tettwakker ɣef usenqed n tiwtilin d tsirag i temseɣtayin am: timmidin d GCC, Yamen, Lɛiraq d tagelda n Ungliz (am Uktay n TAE–UK), akked wuguren n izerfan n medden d tilawin.

Di tezrelt-is di tneɣdalt ɣer UN am **tizerzit tis tlata** (Third Secretary), tettwafernes d **tanedbilt n bureau n ''UN Women*** di 2016 s waman n ugraw n *'Asya–Amur n Safyt** (Asia-Pacific). Seg Yunyu 2014 ar Ibrir 2017, tesɛa-d tarrayt ɣef yisallen n **tizerzit tis tlata n tɣerdayt tameggagt** (UNGA Third Committee): tɣawsiwin tmettantiyin, taddart n medden d izerfan n medden; tesɛa-d daɣen afus ɣef yisallen n tilawin d yiseggassen, d ɣef usefru n usnulfu n tneɣdalt n TAE ɣer **Agraw n teḥerfit n tɣerdayt** (UNSC) i gbeɛ 2022–2023.

Seg 2021 ar 2024, tella d **tameslayt tasnawant n tneɣdalt** n TAE ɣer UN di New York; tettwakkel-d ɣef yisallen n **Agraw n teḥerfit** d yisallen ilugan, tettwasemres daɣen tgezmi n yisem **Tigawin Tisnawiyin** (Political Affairs) n tnekkabt, d **taneggagt tasnawant** n tnekkabt deg wagi n wakud.

Di **30 Yennayer 2025**, tcegga isemliyen-is ɣer [[Agellid Willem-Alexander]] am **tneɣdalt n TAE ɣer Tagelda n Walanda** di [[Asamtal n Noordeinde]]. Sakin, di **18 Meɣres 2025**, tcegga isemliyen-is am **tamezwarut yideg** n TAE ɣer **OPCW** di [[Lahaye]]. Di **10 Ibrir 2025**, tgelɣad TAE deg **Tadelsant Tameggagt n Tɣerdayt** (ICJ) mgal isekkilen n **lgerda n lɛaskar n Sudan'''.

## Tiwelhiwin
Ɛalia Al Manṣuri

**Ɛalia Al Manṣuri** (علياء المنصوري) d talmidt timiratyit deg Al Mawakeb Schools. Di 2017, mi tesɛa 15 n yiseggasen, terri d tameslayt n Genes in Space (UAE) s usumer i yesnulfa-d asenker n tmuɣli ɣef amek aseddu ɣer igenni yettwaɛlu ɣef tɣellist n yidelman di uswir n tcellulit. Akayad-ines yettwaruz ɣer tɣellist n SpaceX CRS-12 n Wɛuccu 2017. Akayad-ines yesɛa asenqed ɣef usuffeɣ n **heat-shock proteins** di igenni, yerra-d d acu i d-ttbanen izragen n yigenen i t-ten-yesseɣfa-d. Akayad-agi yura-t taseddaṛt Peggy Whitson s **RT-PCR** yerra-d d asuffeɣ n yigenen n tɣellist s umsal n yigenen.

Di 2018, tlilla-d tamezzut n TAE deg tɣiwant n usemmal n **The Explorers Club** (114th Annual Dinner) di New York. Di 2019, mi tella di tissimast 11 di Al Mawakeb, tettwasemres d **tameɣruy n usenqed tisnawiy** (part-time) di New York University Abu Dhabi. Tmesl aṭas daɣen s ussefrek n umnir **Emirati Astronaut** i ussenfaṛ n tameslayin gar wid ibɣan ad ilin d irgazen n igenni d wid yellan yakan.

Di 2021, mi tella tteddu di University of Edinburgh di **tussna n taddart n yidelman**, tfernes-d deg ugraw n **Futureneers** i yettwafren i wesnefli n tura i 50 iseggassen id-iridan i TAE. Tettini-d d axeddim-is: “lḥulm-inu d ad ili d tameṭṭut tamiratyit tamezwarut ara terzu ɣer Mars.”

## Tudert tudmawant
Al Mansoori teḥemmleḍ ssaḥa d yirgel; tenna belli **Brazilian jiu-jitsu** “ṭ-yefka-yas tɣellist d tneɣmart.” Tessnemmer tawacult-is d gma-s (10 iseggassen umezwaru-is) i yella tura d **amussnaw n tefsit**, i wumi tenna-d d wid i s-ɣerzen amennuɣ n tussna.

## Tiwelhiwin
Suɛad Al Čamsi

**Suɛad Al Čamsi** d tamehɣarut n ṭṭayri timiratyit d tamselɣut tatiknikit. Tella seg 2016 d **tamesɣant n yiseɣẓanen amezwaru** di Etihad Airways; tedda-d daɣen d tamehɣarut di Limarat Taɛrabin Yeddukklen u d tameskilt tamekfa d **CEO** n L2 Consulting.

## Abrid n umsir
Tebda tɣellist n Sεuad seg tsnabga n uɣermad n timdinin; sγur lmɛawn n yimdanen tekker ad temmeslay i Muḥend bin Rašid Al Maktum i usireg n uselkim di tmurt n Tagelda yedduklen i tmeddurt-ines di **tamehriwt n ṭṭayri**. Ɣef waya tettwacebbeḍ di **Program n uheddad n yineqdamen** n Dubai, yerna ttwazay ɣer Bṛiṭanya i tmeddurt n tmafagt-agi. Ttekfa deg Tasdawit n Coventry d **LB** deg **administration n tmehna n ṭṭayri**, d **Diplôme aƔerfan** di tmehna n ṭṭayri seg Tasdawit n Hertfordshire, d **Master** di **management n uṭṭayri** di Bṛiṭanya, syen **tadakturt** seg **l’Académie Américaine des Études Spécialisées**.

Tεadda-d i usnulfu d usqerdec di tkebbaniyin n uṭṭayri am Airbus, Messier-Bugatti-Dowty, Honeywell d Boeing. Deg yiḥedran-ines, tesnemmer-d asγaṛ n usettem n lgmaɛ n teɣdacin n TAE, yerna tennant d awal n Muḥend bin Rašid: “ulac d ayen ur yezmir ara deg TAE”.

## Tura d tneflit
Maεna s uɣbal n uṭṭayri, Sεuad tettaru: sγur-as snat tiwriyin **“Zehra t Susen”** d **“Amniti ad neɣtel argaz”**; tliqin gar yikutan yettwaznen aṭas di Maɛraḍ n Šarqa 2018. Ɣur-s daɣen tiwriyin-nniḍen n temɣart.

## Igrusen
Tessɛa Sεuad aṭas n tuserkin d tserṭafiyin: 
* **She Business Global** (2021) deg ussan n tmeṭṭut aɣelnawiy, i wesnerni d i wsnerɣel timeṭṭutin n tnekkda di TAE.
* Asenqed d usnemeq s yezwaren n teɣdacin seg tečča Šamsa Al Maktum; isem n usnemmer n Aḥmed bin Saεid Al Maktum s tǧǧit n usnemmer.
* **Draε n Tameṭṭut Timiratyit Amefran** di Abu Ẓabi; tiserṭaf si yimɣaren n tseddiqten di TAE d barra-s.
* **Ameqqran n umdiferen** n **International Alliance for Women – Australia** (amezwaru tmeṭṭut teεrabt tettserṭef di taɣerdayt n uṭṭayri).
* **Wisam n Umezwaru n Igduden** sɣur Muḥend bin Rašid Al Maktum di useqdec n tseddiqt n tɣellist n tnezmart (Qasr Al-Imarat, 2019).
* **Tadakturt n tɣerrumt** seg l’Académie Américaine des Études Spécialisées di Maṣer i yiseǧhed-is di usnerni n timeṭṭutin di taɣerdayt; d tamɛeḍt n tɣermiyin n **James Dyson Awards** di 2022 di Tamnaḍt n Ubrid n Wammud n Talumdiyin n Wammud n Maɣrib Asamar.

## Tiwelhiwin
Siham Al Račidi

**Siham  Mesɛud Al Račidi** (tamulat: سهام مسعود الرشيدي; d. 1982) d tameɣṛa n **para-athletics** seg Tigduda n Tgeldayin Yedduklen (TAE). Tetteddu di tneqqiḍin F57/F58 di tagnawt, tazramt d ugebban, ttekker daɣen di tseɣtayin n yimdanen n weḥraz s tegrumma n **Taɣmi n yimeskaren** n World Athletics d Club n Dubay n Wudmawen n Widal.

Tettuḥzer s **ššella n yixef (poliomyélite)** s suḍdis n waggur mbaεd tlalit; seld aṭas n tserḥa d tserfɣa n temuddikt, yella tesεa tikkelt-nniḍen ad teddu, maca s tilisa n usenker deg uzelmeḍ azelmaḍ. Deg 2005 ttmecceḍ di Club n Dubay n Wudmawen n Widal, tennaɣ-d amezwaru nni s tikkelt n yirennayen n **Tadjmaat n Ufuɣ n Taqcict** (Gulf) deg TAE: snat n tmedyazin n waraḍ di tazramt d ugebban, d tmedyazt n zzit di tagnawt.

Ttekker di ddeqs n tura n umaḍal n unagir, d wawalen n yilemda, u d yirennayen n ddunit. Tesneqbal TAE di snat n **Tira n tɣerdayt n Tmurti**: Tira n tɣerdayt n 2012 di Lundun d Tira n tɣerdayt n 2016 di Rio di Žaniru.

## Igerrzen d tmedyazin
* **2010 – Guangzhou (Tajmaat n Tura n Asia i Wudmawen)**: tmedyazt n zzit (asqan 2) di tagnawt F57–58.
* **2014 – Incheon (Tajmaat n Tura n Asia i Wudmawen)**: tmedyazt n nnxam (asqan 3) di tazramt F57.
* **2017 – Vila Real de Santo António (IWAS World Games)**: tmedyazt n ddheb (asqan 1) di tagnawt n tilawin F54/55/56/57.
* **2017 – Khorfakkan (Tajmaat n Tura n Uqblan n West Asia)**: tmedyazt n zzit (asqan 2) di ugebban F56/57.

## Tiwelhiwin
Carlo Biotti

**Carlo Biotti** (Milano, 5 Yennayer 1901 – Alassio, 10 Dujanbir 1977) d-ameggiwar italiyani. Yella d-imaris n Tribunal Penal n Milano yerna d-imaris deg Tajmilt Tafellalt n Kasasyon n Talyan.

## Tameddurt
Biotti yebda-d taqbilut-is am ameggiwar deg iseggwasen 1930, yerna yexdem d-imaris n Tribunal Penal n Milano.  
Seld later, yettwasemman d-amalis deg Tajmilt Tafellalt n Kasasyon, yiwen seg igmaḍen ifellayen n Talyan.  

Di 1971, Biotti yella yedda deg yiwen udem umaynut and Licia Pinelli, tamɣart n Giuseppe Pinelli, yesuter-d ad yefk-asɣiw ɣef umekki n lxus Luigi Calabresi. Di yiwen wasen, Biotti yettwakkes si udem-agi (recusación). Udem-agi yebda-d ameynut n usqerdec d-tagnitt siyasi deg Talyan, di Isniten n uẓaṛ.

## Aḥric
Biotti yettwasnemmer d-azmul n lleqqam n tɣellist n Talyan.  
Imeslayen akked imedlisiyen snernan ɣef tura-is di tɣellist d-tadamsa.  

## Timentarin


## Iseɣwan
* Tɣellist deg Talyan
* Anni di piombo
Arraz Nobel n Talwit 2025

**Arraz Nobel n Talwit n 2025**, d yiwen warraz agraɣlan n talwit i d-yesbedd Alfred Nobel di tewṣiyya-s, yettwaberreḥ-d ass n 10 Tuber 2025 sɣur Akabar Anurvijyan n Nobel deg Oslo, Nurvij. Yettunefk i María Corina Machado. Tafugla n usefsi n warraz-agi ad tili ass n 10 Dujembeṛ 2025 deg Oslo.

Akabar Anurvijyan n Nobel iccemmeṛ-itt imi i tt-yeḥseb am "yiwet seg yimedyaten yufraren n tebɣest taɣarimt deg Marikan Talatinit deg tallit-a taneggarut".

Deg wakud ideg d-yettwaberreḥ warraz-a, Machado tella teffer iman-is zdaxel n Venezuela, imi tuggad aḍlam n unabaḍ n Nicolás Maduro.

## María Corina Machado
Tlul Machado deg temdint n Caracas, Venezuela, deg useggas n 1967. Deg useggas n 1992, tesbedd-d Tuddsa *Atenea* iwakken ad talleɣ arrac n Caracas. Deg 2002, tella gar yimesbedden n tuddsa n *Súmate*, yiwet n tuddsa n uɛessi ɣef tefranin.

Tella Machado d tamasladt yettwafernen deg Agraw Aɣelnaw n Venezuela seg 2010 ar 2014, asmi i tt-yesseffeɣ unabaḍ n Nicolás Maduro. Deg useggas n 2023, teberreḥ-d ɣef tekki-s deg tefranin n tselwit n Venezuela n 2024, maca ugin-as ad tettekki, dɣa tedda i umnennid Edmundo González. Ikabaren n tmagalda mheggan iman-nsen akken ad suddsen yerna ad ɛassen tifranin-nni s wudem unnim. igmaḍen sseknen-d belli d González i d-yernan, maca anabaḍ n Maduro yenna-d d netta i d-irebḥen.

Nettat d Tavinẓwalit tis snat i d-irebḥen Arraz Nobel, deffir Baruj Benacerraf, i yebḍan deg useggas n 1980 Arraz Nobel n Tfizyuṛujit neɣ n Tujjya akked Jean Dausset d George Davis Snell.

## isekkanen
Ɣas akken isekkanen (nominations) ttwaḥrazen s teṣruma ɣer Ukabar azal n 50 n yiseggasen, mačči d ayen ixusfen ma berreḥen-d fell-asent ama d wid i d-isekknen, ama d wid yettwaseknen.

Ass n 5 Meɣres 2025, Akabar Anurvijyan n Nobel iberreḥ-d belli llan 338 yimnidden i Warraz Nobel n Talwit n 2025: gar-asen 244 d imdanen d 94 n tuddsa.

### Isekkanen i d-yeffɣen
*Tafelwit-a dges kan isekkanen i ɣef d-yella wawal s wudem unṣib sɣur wid i ten-id-isekknen.*
Taɣcamdant

Taɣcamdant d lebɣeḍ, aɣunfu, neɣ karuh amatu i telmest tamdanit, neɣ i wamek tteddun yimdanen, neɣ i ṭṭbiɛa-nnsen.

## Tagmuẓart
D awal uddis, yekka-d seg umyag "ɣucc" (kreh ; bɣeḍ) akked "amdan" (bunadem ; lɛebd).

Win immalen taɣcamdant, meḥsub ittɣuccu imdanen, d ameɣcamdan.

## Imniren
Arrazen Nobel n 2025

Arrazen Nobel n 2025 ttunefken-d sɣur Asebded Nobel, i d-yezgan di Swid. Ttuntnefken deg sḍis n tewsatin: Tafizikt, Takrura (Takimit), Tafizyulujit neɣ Tujjya, Tasekla, Talwit, ed Tussniwin Tidamsanin.

## Arrazen
Zhu Xi

**Zhu Xi** (1130-1200) yella d afelsaf n tmurt n Ccinwa, yerna d yiwen seg yergazen imeqqranen i d-yessemlin "**Tacunfisyunit Tamaynut**" (Neo-Confucianism). D netta i d-yefkan udem i tfelsafit n Ccinwa i waṭas n lqurun, aladɣa di tallit n twacult n Song.

## Tudert-is s
Ilul-d di Fujian, di Ccinwa. Yeɣra aṭas segmi yella d ameẓyan. Yewwi amkan (leqdic) deg udabu n Ccinwa acḥal n tikkal, maca amur ameqqran n wakud-is issedda-t deg uselmed d tira. Yella yettnadi ad d-yaf lmeɛna n tidmi n *Confucius*, maca s wallen n tallit-is.

## Tafelsafit-is
Tafelsafit n Zhu Xi tebna ɣef tmuɣli d tameẓlayt ɣef umeɣraḍ d umdan. Yebɣa ad d-yessemlil tidmi n *Confucius* d wayen i d-nnan ifelsafen nniḍen i t-id-yezwaren.

Iferreq ger sin n yiferdisen igejdanen n ddunit:

# **Li (Amenzay):** D "amenzay" neɣ "alugen" yellan deffir yal taɣawsa. Yal tɣawsa (amdan, tasekla, itri) tesɛa *Li* ines. D ayen i d-yettakken i tɣawsa talɣa-s d wamek i tella. D tidet tamagdezt ur nettbeddil ara.
# **Qi (Taẓwert neɣ Tanga):** D "taẓwert n tudert" neɣ "tanga" i yesseḍfaren *Li*. D anagaw (matériel) n ddunit, d ayen iɣ-yeǧǧan nenṭer neɣ nemyeggarad. *Qi* yezmer ad yili d azedgan neɣ d arazedgan, d aya i d-yettaken amgired ger yimdanen d tɣawsiwin, ɣas akken sɛan yiwen n *Li*.

**Taiji (Agejdi Ameqqran)** Ɣer **Zhu Xi**, *Taiji* (yeqqar-as "Tagara Tameqqrant") d llsas n yimenzayen ( *Li*) merra. D netta i ten-id-yejmeɛn d yiwen.

**Abrid n Uselmed (Gewu)** Akken ad yegzu umdan *Li* (amenzay) n tɣawsiwin, yessefk ad yexdem ayen iwumi yesemma "Gewu" (Akayad n tɣawsiwin). Anamek-is, ilaq ad yezger, ad isleḍ tɣawsiwin n tudert n yal ass, seg tɣawsiwin timeẓyanin armi d timeqqranin, akken ad yegzu imenzayen i tent-iseddayen. S wakka, ad yelmed amek ad yidir s tuẓult d lmeɛqul.

## Tazrirt-is
Ayen yeqqimen mliḥ deffir Zhu Xi d leqdic-is ɣef "Rebɛa n Yedlisen" (Adlis Ameqqran, Tameddurt n Ulemmas, Awalen n Confucius, d Mencius).

* Yessemli-ten, yessefhem-iten yiwen yiwen.
* Iwenniten i yura ɣef yedlisen-a uɣalen d nutni i d llsas n uselmed unṣib di Ccinwa.
* Iwakken ad yawi yiwen amkan deg udabu (ad isɛeddi akayaḍ n unekcum), ilaq ad yissin mliḥ isegziyen n Zhu Xi.
* Tazrirt-is teqqim i qrib 700 n yiseggasen di Ccinwa, yerna teffeɣ armi d Japan d Kurya.

S wegzul, Zhu Xi d yiwen seg yifelsafen i yesɛan tazrirt tameqqrant akk, acku d netta i d-yessemlalen tidmi n Confucius tamzwarut d tmuɣli tamaynut, tamẓlayt, ɣef umeɣraḍ.
David Ben-Gurion

**David Ben-Gurion**, i lulen s yisem n **David Grün** di tmurt n *Pulunya*, yettuneḥsab d yiwen seg yergazen yesɛan azal ameqqran deg umezruy n Wegdud Udaya atrar. D netta i d bab n ulɣu n usbeddi n uwanek n Isṛayil yerna d netta i d Anezwaru n Unabaḍ-is (Aneɣlaf Amezwaru).

## Tamuɣli-s d Tasnakta-s
Tiktiwin n Ben-Gurion kkant-d seg Tsiwnit n Yixeddamen, yiwet n tmuɣli isemlalen aɣan aɣelnaw uday d tmuɣliwin tizduklanin. Yumen s tezmert n uxeddim n wakal d tdukli n yegdudan i wakken ad bnun tamurt.

* **Asnulfu n Uwanek Udayan:** Tidi-s tagejdant tella d aslal n yiwen uwanek ilelli i udayen, anda ara yilin d imḥarzen ɣef yiman-nsen, yerna ad yilin d lḥekkam n waɣlan-nsen.
* **Tanezmart n Uxeddim:** Yumen belli d ifellḥen d yixeddamen udayen ara yerran tanzruft d amur yettidiren, yerna s `ussis`  nsen ara tebnu tdamsa n tmurt.
* **Adabu Imezgi**: Issaram ad isbedd yiwet n tugdut n imni  (parlementaire), anda adabu ad yili deg ifassen n wegdud s webrid n tefranin.

## Amek iwala Asnulfu n Uwanek n Isṛayil
I Ben-Gurion, asnulfu n Isṛayil ur yelli ara kan d `aɣawas` n tsertit, maca d tattuya n tudert n udayen.

# **Asnejmaɛ n Udayen:** Yella yettwali Isṛayil am Taddart tameqrant ara isnejmaɛen udayen n `umaḍal`  akk, ladɣa wid yettwaḥeqren.
# **Tanezmart n Yiserdasen:** Seg tazwara, ifhem belli awanek amaynut ilaq-as ad yesɛu tazmert n yiserdasen iǧehden i wakken ad iḥareb ɣef yiman-is. D aya i t-yeǧǧan ad isbedd "Tsahal" (IDF), iserdasen n Isṛayil.
# **Tiɣtasin Iwɛṛen:** Yella d argaz ameɣẓan , ur ittaggad ara ad yeṭṭef tiɣtasin yesɛan `inalkamen`  meqqren, ama deg wuguren n daxel neɣ deg umennuɣ d iɣerfan i s-d-yezzin. Netta yettwali belli kra n `tiɣtasin`, ɣas d tiwɛṛanin, d ayen ilaqen i wakken ad yettwasbedd uwanek ɣef lsas iǧehden.

## Lǧerra-s d Usemdu fell-as
David Ben-Gurion yeǧǧa-d lǧerra meqqren, yerna ar ass-a mazal lɣaci mgaraden deg wamek i t-ttwalin:

* **I yisṛayiliyen aṭas:** D `asaḍ`  aɣelnaw, d win i ten-id-yessufɣen seg lḥif n Wegraw (l'Exil) ɣer tlelli, yerna d netta i d `aseqqat` n uwanek-nsen atrar. Yefka-yas `talɣa` d `tamṣukt`  i mazal tedder ar ass-a.
* **I Ipalisṭiniyen d waṭas n Waɛṛaben:** Yettuneḥsab d `amasay` ameqqran n "Nakba" (tazzara), `tazɣent`  i yeḍran deg 1948, anda i nnernan xilla n Ipalisṭiniyen si tmura-nsen. Isem-is yeqqen ɣer tnekra n wugur n yiminigenipalisṭiniyen.

Ihi, David Ben-Gurion d yiwen seg yergazen i beddlen udem n Usammar Alemmas. D argaz `ameẓdu` , yessemlalen `tidmi` n `tasnakta` d `tasemrest`  n tsertit.
The Andy Dick Show

***The Andy Dick Show*** (s taglizit : *The Andy Dick Show*) sulfentid imarikanien aseggas n 2001 sɣur Andy Dick.
Philipp Mainländer

**Philipp Mainländer** (ilul-d Philipp Batz; 1841 – 1876) yella d afelsaf d umedyaz alalmani. Yettwassen s tifelseft-ines tamẓeryirt i itamen akked ibeddlen tiktiwin n Arthur Schopenhauer. Tikti tagejdant n Mainländer dakken ddunit d agmuḍ n tmettant n Ṛebbi. akked tilin s timmad-is d tanfalit n leɛtab amitafiziki. Yura s waynek ɣef tmitafizikt, timlilɣi, akked ṭṭbiɛa n tilawt

## Tameddurt
Ilul-d Mainländer deg Offenbach-ɣef-Main di Lalman. Yeɣra tifelseft d tsekla rnu yessufeɣ leqdic-is ameqqran, Die Philosophie der Erlösung (“Tifelseft n Leslak”), deg 1876 ciṭ n ledwar uqbel ma yenɣa iman-is.

## Tifelseft
Tifelseft-is tessed ɣef tankeṛt tumasant n tilin rnu teqqar dakken tarilin axir n tudert. Yettuneḥsab seg yimẓeryiren i yeṭṭurrfen  maḍi di lqern wis 19.

## Imniren
Fediverse

**Fedivers** neɣ fediverse (u wumi qqaren daɣen **fedi**) d tagrumma n yimeẓla n iẓeḍwa inmettiyen i izemren ad msiwlen gar-asen (ayen mi ifkan isem aqbur n tfidiralit) s useqdec n yiwen n uneggaf. Iseqdacen n yismal web yemgaraden zemren ad aznen u ad d-ṭṭfen iznan akked tsuffaɣ, ifuyla n imidyaten akked yisefka-nniḍen deg uẓeṭṭa-a. Awal n Fediverse yesmezdi awalen n tfidiralit akked umeɣrad.
Nicolaus I Bernoulli

Nicolas bernuli, ilul di  Bâle deg 1687, yemmut di temdint-nni deg 1759, d amusnak n sswis. Mmi-s n gma-s n Jean Bernoulli d Jacques Bernoulli. Yettwassen s tezrawin n tegdiwin yemgaraden.
Patrick Kavanagh

Patrick Kavanagh (s tirlandit : Pádraig Caomhánach ; 21 Tuber 1904 - 30 Wamber 1967 ) d amedyaz d amaru n wungalen Irlandi. Yettwaḥsab d yiwen seg yimedyazen imeqranen n lqern wis 20, yettwassen s wungal Tarry Flynn d usefru On Raglan Road.
Belɛid At Ɛli

**Belɛid At Ɛli**, d amyaru amezwaru i yettwassnen s tutlayt taqbaylit, ilul deg useggas n 1909 di Aẓru-Uqellal (deg At-Mangellat),  immut ass n 12 Mayu 1950. deg Maskara, deg yiwen uxxam n yimɣaren.

Yettwaḥsab d "amaru amezwaru n tutlayt taqbaylit" sɣur imusnawen imuqranen d imazzagen n tesnilest tagejdant, gar-asen Salem Chaker,

## Tameddurt-is
Yemma-s qqaren-as Dehbiya, nettat, akken i d-nenna : tesselmad tafransist. Teɣra, acku di lawan nni yella baba-s (jeddi-s n Belɛid) ixeddem ɣer baylek (di tɣiwant). Tekcem ɣer uɣerbaz n teḥdayin di Taddart-Ufella (Larbɛa-n-At-Yiraten). Teɣra din ar mi tessaweḍ ɣer ugerdas. Ar mi tewweḍ 17 iseggasen, teffeɣ ad-tessɣer.

Akken mazal-it d acawrar, ass mi izger ar Fransa, yewwi-t dadda-s Mbarek. Iqqim kraḍ, kuẓ iseggasen ar mi yessaweḍ ɣer ukayad amenzu : Aselkin , ugin-as a-t-isɛeddi.

ɣef 15 iseggasen i yebda lemḥayen. Yuɣal-d ɣer Aẓru. Zewǧen-as akken d ameẓyan. Taqcict n taddart. Teqqim cwiṭ, twureb. Yuɣal tebra.

Irwa jjiḥ di Micli netta d ilmeẓyen nniḍen, wid i wumi ɛerqent daɣen : dduminu, tissit seg walluy ɣer tmeddit, amenḍer di leqhawi d ttbernat. Yiwen wass iṭawel-itt ar mi d Lezzayer. Ahat ad-yaf axeddim si leɛḍil i s d-sawalen ɣer lɛeṣker.

Cwiṭ kan rran-t d lkabran, amecwar yuɣal d sserǧan. Isseɣra, iwehha aṭas :ṣṣifa, tadṣa. Ulac anda ur iggar iman-is. Iɛeǧǧeb medden. Tafransist teţţazzal deg imi-s am aman.

Deg wussan-a yesɛedda di lɛeṣker i bdan neṭṭden-t akk leɛyub : ccemma, dexxan, ccrab. Dɣa ccrab yuɣ-as idammen. Sin iberdan i t-sseɣlin di legrad. Acku mi ar a-isew, ur yettaṭṭaf ara iles-is. Awal d aɛrab wayeḍ d aqbayli. Tettergigi-d tasa-s ɣef tmurt d tmeslayt-is.

Ass mi yebda ṭṭrad n Lalman d Urumi, ibda weḥric wis-kraḍ di tmeddurt n Belɛid. Ur ifaq, yaf-d iman-is di Tunes. Iḥezzem, igezzem rrṣas d ubeckiḍ di talast *Mareth* metwal *Gabes*. Din i s-ɣlin wuglan ass mi ihlek *scǧrbut*. Iṭṭef-it si lqella n tgella, učči n tebwaḍin.https://lematindalgerie.com/bel%C9%9Bid-meskin-bel%C9%9Bid-at-%C9%9Bli-tameddurt-is/

### Lmiziriya, Laẓ d Tlalit n Tira
Mi d-yerwel ɣer Lezzayer, iɛac deg umkan d amcum (lmiziriya taberkant): d aṭeyyar, yettmenṭar deg iberdan, yeččur d tilkin, laẓ d ḥafi. Aseggas n 1945 yura-d ɣef wayen iɛedda deg Bab-Lwad, anda i t-ukren.

Yuɣal-d ɣer tmurt (Aẓru), meɛna ula dinna d laẓ iḥban medden. Iqqim weḥd-s, d ilem, ittagad ijadarmiyen. Deg useggas-agi, di lweqt n laẓ d tugdin, i **yebda tira s tmeslayt "n bu ḥafi"**. Yura timucuha am "Tafunast igujilen", d isefra.

### Inig Aneggaru d Lmut di Ssbiṭar
Belɛid ikemmel abrid n uqellileḥ. Iɛedda ɣer Merruk ɣer gma-s, syin yuɣal-d ɣef uḍar ar tmurt (Ujda, Talimsan). Tudert n berra, n tissit d umenḍer, tehlek-as tadawsa-s armi i t-tewwet **tusut (la tuberculǧse)**.

* **Deg Ssbiṭar:** Ussan-is ineggura isɛedda-ten gar ssbiṭarat (Wehren, Sig, Mɛesker). Ɣas akken yezwi maḍi (yuɣal "d Ccibani"), yeqqar aṭas ɣef umezruy d tesnimant. Aḍris-a ismekta-d d akken ifqeɛ mi iɣra imagraden n Irumyen ɣef Leqbayel, yufa d akken "ḥaca Aqbayli i ilaqen ad-yaru fell-aɣ".
* **Tira armi d Aneggaru:** Armi d ass-is aneggaru, yettaru iktayen-is, yettaru i yemma-s, yettmekti-d tamurt.
Xufu

Xufu, i yettwassnen s yisem n *Cheops* ɣer Iyunaniyen, yella d amenkad wis sin n tewacult tiss ukuẓ n Iferɛunen deg Maṣer taqburt. Tallit-is tettwassen s tmanegt d udabu ijehden, d netta i d-yebnan **Tazamugt** Tameqqrant n Giza, i yellan d asmektay anesbaɣur yeqqimen d **inigi** ɣef tnezmart n tɣerma tamṣrit.

yerna yekcem ɣer umezruy am yiwen n umenkad i d-yebnan asmektay ameqqran deg umezruy n talsa, i yellan d ameẓḍu n tzamugt n Giza.

## 1. Tasnakta d Udabu: Anagraw Aɣrudan
Deg tallit n Xufu, Maṣer tella seddaw n udabu ameslemmes. Aɣawas n tmurt yella yetteddu s unagraw n tedbelt. Xufu yella yettwali iman-is d amagdez, yerna tadyulujit n tallit-nni tella tteqqen amenkad ɣer ugama d yilu d-yettaken tafukt(iṭṭij).

* Tazrirt n Umenkad: Xufu yesǧehd tazrirt n udabu ɣef yimɣiwan n tmurt. 
* Tasestant ɣef yikaramen: Imnadiyen n umezruy ufan-d isefka i d-yemmalen belli Xufu yella d aqesḥan, yerna aɣawas n lebni n tzemmugt tesra tasdukla n wussis n wegdud.

## 2. Tasegda d Tenzeggit: Tamkerra n Lebni

Tazamugt n Xufu mačči kan d asmektay, d tamkerra n tussna. Lebni-ines yesra tanzeggit yewwḍen ɣer tqacuct.

* Tanzeggit d Yiferdisen: Imsimwren imṣriyen sqedcen tanzeggit akken ad sbedden amkuẓ n uzadur n tzemmugt s tneblalt.
* Tamṣukt: Tazamugt tebna s yimilyunen n yedɣaɣen. Ableɣ d tẓeyt n yedɣaɣen-a ssawḍen ɣer luluf n kilugram. Akala n usali n yedɣaɣen-a yella d tuttra i yimnadiyen ar ass-a.
* Tawila n Ugensan: Deg ugensan n tzemmugt, llan igennariyen d tnebdanin i yemmugen s tmusni tameqqrant. Tamuɣli n Iferɛunen yella tebna ɣef tmiḍrant n uzrug ɣer umeɣraḍ nniḍen.

## 3. Tanezzut, Asiḍen d Tnebdant n Yixeddamen
Akken ad ibnu tamṣukt am ta, Xufu yesra anagraw n tnezzut d usiḍen ijehden.

* Asiḍen n Yihri: Iwakken ad yefk tiremt d yiselsa i yixeddamen, anagraw n Xufu yella yessexdam tasiḍent i yisefka n tfellaḥt.
* Imsaɣen d Yixeddamen: Zik, ɣilen medden belli d tiɣtas neɣ d iklan i yebnan Tazamugt. Maca, tisestanin timirinin ufan-d ikaramen d iẓekwan yemmalen belli ixeddamen llan d imɣiwan i yettaxdamen s tɣara yelhan.
* Asefti: Xufu yexdem asefti ameqqran deg tnezzut akken ad d-yawi angaw seg tmura nniḍen, am usɣar seg tmurt n Lubnan.

## 4. Adrug n Xufu d Tmanegt-is
Ɣas akken tazamugt tella d inigi ɣef tnezmart-is, tawegda n Xufu teqqim d adrug.

* Tasreɣta: Anagar yiwet n tesreɣta tamecṭuḥt n wuzal i d-yugran seg tallit-is. Ayagi yettak-d tumant tanesbaɣurt: amek amenkad yesɛan tamanegt akk, ur d-yeǧǧi ara tugniwin tiɣaṛin ɣef wudem-is?
* Taflukt n Tfukt: Ufan taflukt n usɣar ddaw n wakal n tzammugt. Afecku-ya yella yettwaheyya i usilel n umnekad deg wassif n Nil ɣer umeɣraḍ n tfukt(iṭṭij).

## Tagrayt
Xufu yella d agrawli deg umezruy n tsegda. Aɣawas n udabu-ines, tamṣukt n tzammugt, d unagraw n tnezzut i yesbed, ǧǧan-d tazrirt ur nettmettat ara. Tazamugt teqqim d azamul n tnezmart n walluy alsan d wussis n tɣerma taqburt.
La Laguna

**La Laguna** (taspenyulit: San Cristóbal de la Laguna) tga Tigzirin Tiknariyin deg tmnaḍt n Tenerife, tga Tigzirin tamqqrant g imzdaɣn g tmnaḍt n ikanarn ittuga. Ubṛṛḥ xf wammas n umzsuy n La Laguna amm axxam n taysi tamaḍlant s dat n UNESCO deg usggas 1999. G zikk tga La Laguna tamaẓunt n Tknariyin. Tga La Laguna tamaẓunt tadlsalt n Tgzirin Tiknariyin.
Krasnodar

**Krasnodar** (s tarusit : *Краснодар*) d tamdint deg wenẓul n Rrus. Krasnodar tesɛa azal n 1.154.885 n imezdaɣ (leḥṣab n 2025) s tajumma n 339,31 km².

## Imdanen
* Anna Netrebko, tacennayt.

## Tugniwin

Krasnodar, Russia, near natural colors, Sentinel-2 satellite image 2018-SEP-18.jpg
2023-10-22. Краснодар DSC 7534.jpg
Медакадемия Краснодар Russia.JPG
View of Krasnodar taken from Kozhevennaya street, 24 2020-04-18-5.jpg
Здание гостиницы централь 03.JPG
Karasunskiy okrug, Krasnodar, Krasnodarskiy kray, Russia - panoramio (27).jpg
2022. Краснодар DSC 9475.jpg
Екатерина Великая. Монумент.JPG


## Tiɣbula d timselɣa

## Iseɣwan
* 
*
Gustave Eiffel

Alexandre Gustave Eiffel, ilul deg Bonickhausen, yettwassen s yisem n Eiffel, ass n 15 Dujember 1832, deg Dijon,  yemmut ass n 27 Dujember 1923, deg Paris, yella d ajenyuṛ d umsenzi afransis, yettwassen s waṭas n tɣawsiwin ay d-yewwi deg tgemmi n wuzzal.

Ilul-d deg twacult taburjwazit, yerna yeḍfer tizrawin (études) timeqranin deg Uɣerbaz Alemmas n Tẓuriyin ed Tfabrikin n Paris. Yeffeɣ-d seg tesdawit deg 1855, yebda-d ccɣel-nnes n uxeddim deg yisenfaren imeqranen n webrid n wuzzal, ladɣa lebni n tẓegwa n wuzzal. Deg 1866, yesbedd-d taṛmist-nnes yerna yettwassen deg lebni n ttawilat imeqranen n wuzzal. Yexdem tagrawla deg tmeṣkiwt n tallit-is, yessufeɣ-d tilisa n lebni n wuzzal.

Lbuṛj n Eiffel, ay d-yellan i lmend n Tmesrit Tamaḍlant n 1889, d netta ay d axeddim-nnes ay d-yesskanayen aṭas n ccek, war ccek. Aẓekka-a, deg tallit-nni d netta ay d lebni ay d-yellan d aɛlayan akk deg umaḍal, yuɣal s tɣawla d azamul n Paris ed Fṛansa. Menɣir lbuṛj-a, yesnulfa-d aṭas n tɣawsiwin n wuzzal ay d-yesskanayen azal-nsent, am Tmeṣ̣kiwt n Tlelli deg New York, Aɣerrabu n Garabit deg temnaḍt n Cantal deg Fṛansa, ed Tɣerɣert n Maria Pia deg Porto. Imuhal-a ttcehhiden-d ɣef tmussni-nnes n tmeẓdit (injenierie) d tɣawsa-nnes deg tgemmi tamaḍlant.

Yefka iseggasen ineggura n tudert-is i tmussni n tmeẓdiyin d tmeẓdiyin n tmes. Yesseqdec lbuṛj n Eiffel s wallalen n uktil yerna iga aṭas n tgermanin (expériences) ɣef tɣawsiwin ay d-yettawin waḍu ɣef tmeṣkiwt. Yemmut deg Paris deg 1923, yeǧǧa-d lbaḍna tameqrant ay t-yeǧǧan ad yili d argaz agejdan deg umezruy n tgemmi. Leqdic-is yeɛna-d deg ussebded n tgemmi tamdinant n waṭas n temdinin deg umaḍal.
Hans Makart

**Hans Makart**, ilul deg Salzbourg ass n 28 mai 1840 i yemmut deg Vienna ass 3 Tubeṛ 1884, d amesniles ed umesniles (décorateur) n austro-hongrois.

## Tamettant
Ilul deg 1840, yeṭṭef-d deg 1850 s Tkadimit n Tẓuriyin Tihuskayin n Vienna s ɣer Johann Fischbach yerna yella iqerreb i Fritz Schider. Yezdeɣ sin n yiseggasen deg Munich, anda ay d-ijebbed lwelha n Karl von Piloty,  ay yuɣalen d aselmad-nnes deg wezgen amezwaru n yiseggasen n 1860. Syin yedda ɣer Urupa, yeqqim s tɣawla deg London, Paris d Ruma, akken ad ikemmel leqraya-s. Syin yuɣal ɣer Vienne deg useggas n 1869. Aseggas-nni, yezweǧ d Amalie Franziska Roithmayr n Munich, maca temmut deg useggas n 1873..

Hans Makart yesɛa azal ameqqran deg tẓuri, deg tmuɣli, deg ṣṣenf, deg tmeẓri n umezgun deg tallit n Tgelda n Awstrunya d Hungaria. D udem mucaɛen deg yedles n Vienne. Azal-is ttwalin-t yimdanen n tallit-is d akken d win n yiwen n Rubens kra n leqrun uqbel. Tazrirt-nnes taseklant tella d tin ay d-yettawin s tɣawla (conformiste) yerna sdeffir waya, tessekcem-d, deg tmuɣli-nnes, amussu Sécession viennoiseyettwasselḥay ladɣa sɣur Klimt (ɣas akken yebda-d d amesniles n tmezgunin deg terbaɛt n Hans Makart yerna yettwaḍḍef sɣur-s) .

Rebɛa n tfelwiyin n yiman ay d-yessuffeɣ unaẓur-a ttwassnent, gar-asent Tafelwit n Yiman ay d-yettmuqulen sdat n tfelwit (Easel), yerna ahat d tin ay d-yessuffeɣ deg tallit aydeg yella deg  Munich. Aneggaru-a yettwasfeḍ s tmuɣli n tmeddurt n tbuhemit yerna war ccek, yettwaḍḍef s tɣimit-nnes deg Paris..

* 1883: Les Cinq Sens à Rouen 
* 1972: *Makart*, deg Staatliche Kunsthalle di Baden-Baden. 
* 2011: *Makart. * *Maler der sinne*, deg lḥekma n Belvédère, deg Vienna. 

## Timura d isefra

* https://www.stampsoftheworld.co.uk/wiki/Austria_1990_Makart_150th_Birth_Anniversary Autoportrait sur un timbre autrichien de 1840
Agelmim n Tunes

**Agelmim n Tunes** *(s taɛrabt بحيرة تونس)* d agelmim agmawi yellan gar temdint n Tunes d Abagu n Tunes *(ɣef [[Ilel Agrakal]]*). Agelmim-a yesεa azal n 37 n yikilumitren imkuẓen, maca lqayed-is meẓẓi aṭas. Zik-nni yella d asagan  agmawi n Tunes.
Abagu n Tunes

**Abagu n Tunes** *(s taɛrabt: خليج تونس)* d abagu ameqran n Yilel Agrakal deg ugafa-asamer n Tunes, yeṭṭef 63 n yikilumitren seg Cape Farina deg umalu armi d Cape Bon deg usammar.

## Iɣbula
Barṭinun

Barṭinun d yiwen n ufakan yettwassnen deg umaḍal, yezga-d deg tqacuct n Akrubulis deg temdint n Atina. Asmektay agi d azamul meqqren n teɣerma tagrikit taqburt d wamek i tella tsegda deg tallit-nni.

## Isem akked Anamek-is
Isem "Abarṭinun" yekka-d seg tefransist "Parthénon", yettwasemman ɣef "Parthenos" s tegrikit taqburt, anamek-is "tameṭṭut ur nḥerrem ara", d yisem i yettunekkaren i Atina, tillut tameqqrant n temdint. Ihi, Abarṭinun d "Axxam n Tmeṭṭut ur Nḥerrem", afakan yettwasersen i lɛibada n Atina *Parthenos*.

## Amzruy d Usali

### Tallit Tamezwarut
Asali n Barṭinun yebda deg useggas n 447 S.T, deg tallit n unabaḍ n Periklis. Periklis yella d amasay asertan, iswi-ines yella d asebgan n tnezmart d tmanegt n Atina s deffir n llan yimengiyen mgal ifarsiyen.

* **Imewwalen n usenfar:** Iktinus d Kallikratis d nitni i d-isɣiwsen tasegda n usmektay-a. Ma d Fidias, yella d asreqqat ameqqran i iḍemmnen ssenɛa n tserɣatin.
* **Tamhazt n usmektay:** Deg umezruy, Barṭinun ibeddel tasreḍt-is. Deg tazwara yella d afakan uɣris n Atina. Sakkin, deg tallit n tmasiḥit, yuɣal d taglizt. Deg tallit n tineslemt, mi d-kecmen yiturkiyen ɣer Atina, yuɣal d tamezgida.
* **Asehwu:** Deg useggas n 1687, yella-d wanṭag sɣur ivinisiyen. Asmektay yettwawwet s lbarud, ayen i d-yeglan s uhuddu n waṭas n yiḥricen seg temṣukt ines.

Abarṭinun yettwabna s uẓru n umarber yettwaɣzan seg yiduraren n Pentelik, ɣer ugafa n Atina. Tiẓra-agi ɣur-sent ini amellal i d-yettakken tafat taberqaqt i ufakan. Imezrayen n Ubarṭinun qqaren belli yettwasqedcen ugar n tnac n ugim n uẓru i ubani-ines.

### Tasegda d Temṣukt
Tasegda n Barṭinun tban-d s uɣawas aneblal d tmeẓla iqwan.

* **Aɣawas:** Afakan yettwabna s wazal n 46 n tigejda deg ubeddi aglawan.
* **Asemsawi n Tmuɣli:** Imebanniyen sqedcen tamiḍrant n usemsawi n tmuɣli iwakken tiseɣratin ad banent d tiɣedwiyin i wallen n umdan, ɣas akken lant cwiṭ n uɛewwej deg tnzeggit.
* **Tanga:** Yettwabna s umarmu Pentelic, yellan d tanga i d-yettaken tafat d tahuski i wezru.

### 3. Tasnemyit d Wanamak
Barṭinun d afakan yettunefken i Atina Partinus. Deg tesnemyit, tella-d temsizzelet ger Atina d Pusaydun ɣef wanwa ara yeṭṭfen adabu n temdint.

* **Tazrirt n Atina:** Atina tettmettil tidmi, tamusni, d tnezmart tameɣẓant. Mačči am Ares i yellan d illu n tkriḍt, Atina tessexdam allaɣ deg umennuɣ.
* **Tasreɣta n Chryselephantine:** Deg agensan n ufakan, tella yiwet n tesreɣta tameqqrant n Atina i yemmugen s ddheb d ivoire. Tugna agi tella teṭṭef Nike deg ufus-is, i yellan d azamul n lrebḥ.

### Taggrayt
Ass-a, Barṭinun d asalay i d-yettaken inigi ɣef tɣerma tagrikit. Ɣas akken yewwet-it uzɣan n wakud d yimengiyen, yeqqim d azamul n tsegda yemmugen s tmeẓla d usenqed. Iseɣraten n Elgin i yellan deg Usalay n Britanya mazal-iten d sebba n tezɣent tadiplumasisit ger Grik d Tgeldit Yedduklen, maca Barṭinun s yiman-is yeqqim d aɣbalu n usugen i talsa merra.