Asfugel n yennayer

**Yennayer** am yismawen n wayyuren (furar, meɣres, yebrir, mayyu, yunyu, yulyu, ɣuct...) d awalen i d-terḍel tmaziɣt seg tlatinit (yanuarius, februarius, martius, aprilis, mayus, yunyus, yulyus, awgustus...).

Deg ass n 3 May 2023. Yessuded ugellid Muḥemmad Wiss Ṣḍiṣ tafugla-agi, tuɣal-d yiwet seg tefugliwin timaddudin g Umeṛṛuk.

## Timucuha ɣef Yennayer

Llant aṭas n tmucuha ɣef yennayer, seg-sent tidak iruḥen acku ur tturant ara. Si tidak i d-yeqqimen ad nebder :

### Yennayer d temɣart

Yal yiwen akken i d-iḥekku tamacahut n temɣart. Dɣa ad nebder tagi: Deg ass wis 30 (kraḍ n tmerwin) n yennayer, tga-yas taɣenant temɣart taɛekkamt i yennayer, tenna-yas : « Ah a ɛemmi yennayer! Truḥeḍ ur texdimeḍ kra! » Dɣa yennayer yefqeɛ iruḥ ɣer furar inna-yas : « Ttxil-k a ɛemmi furar, ṛeḍl-iyi yiwen seg ussan n nbeṛ, ad d-rreɣ ttar di temɣart m-lemrar! ». Mi is d-irḍel, yessufeɣ-d yennayer akk ayen yesɛa, inɣa tamɣart tamcumt ak d teɣaḍt-is.
Seg imiren, qqaren-as i wass aneggaru n yennayer "ameṛḍil".

### Yennayer d wayyuren niḍen

Akk-n dɣa it-iqqar yennayer i wayyuren niḍen yekkaten deg-s : « D nekk i ytellin tiwwura n useggas ». Yiwet n tikkelt, yeɣli-d yennayer ɣef wayyuren niḍen heddṛen fella-s alla yir awal, u nnan : « Yennayer a bu-lɛerka, ansi yekka t-tebɛ-it takka, si zzman n jedd-is akka ! ». Dɣa yenna-yasen : « Ma sresɣ-as w’ibɣan yerfed-itt ! Ma refdeɣ-tt w’ibɣan issers-itt ! ».

### Yennayer d teqcict

Ɣef wakken i d-ḥekkun yeqdimen, d yiwet n teqcict tukyist is-ireggmen i yennayer tiɣrifin di tenzikt (tṣebḥit) n wass amenzu n useggas ak d imensi tmeddit, amer ahat ad d-yeḥnin ɣef yimesdurar. Dɣa yerra-as-d yennayer, yenna-yas : « Ttnadiɣ ɣef usfel meqqren, d taččart n leḥwal, tiɣrifin, seksu, d umudd n win yunagen. » Dɣa, ɣef wanect-a i xeddmen tameɣra n usfel n yennayer (ẓer uksar).

## Timeɣriwin n Yennayer

### Tameɣra n umenzu n Yennayer

Tameɣra n umenzu n yennayer, d-izggan deg ass n 12 ɣer 14 di yennayer n ugbur agriguṛi [2]. Ɣaf akk-n d-qqaren yemɣaren n zik azemz-agi [3] yettemgarad deg tama ɣer tayeḍ n tmurt n Leqbayel (Tamawiya) neɣ diɣen n temnaḍin niḍen n tmura n Tmazɣa.

Tameɣra-agi qqaren-as diɣen « tameɣra n yixf useggas ». Zik-nni, tameɣra tettdumu ṣa (7) wussan. Deg ass amenzu n tmeɣra, ulac axeddim. Win neɣ tin ur iquddren ara agdal-a [4] ad (t)yeɛiqqer. D ikerri neɣ izimer izzelun d asfel i Wakal isuṭṭuḍen i wakk-n ad tuget lɣela, neɛma d ṣṣaba deg useggas-nni. Akk-n t-qqaren deg anzi : « Yennayer d ṣṣaba ». Ɣef akk-n yi-d-inna jedd-i, aseggas n tfelaḥt yesɛa agbur-is, yettak anzi ɣer wallus abiyuluji [5] n useklu (ttejṛa), n uɣersiw [6], n uffrux akk d umdan.

Tameɣra n Yennayer d yiwet ger tmeɣriwin yesɛan azal meqqer ɣer Imaziɣen. Ass amenzu n useggas amaziɣ d win mu-sawalen deg ugbur amaziɣ : « Ass amenzu deg ussan isemmaḍen imellalen ». D ass d-yussan diɣen, d ay-n mi nezmer asen-siwel : « Ass n Wegraw n tlawin ». Nwala amek tussnamya taqbaylit tesbbab i temɣart daɛwessu d twaɣyin akk d-iḍran. Nerra-d ladɣa fella-s, sebba n tsusmi d tiqquẓelt n tɣawsiwin n ddunit akk d zzɛaf n Yennayer ɣef temɣart ɣef i-d-nettmeslay u mi-tteggarizent tilawin-nneɣ tamaɣra. Maca, qlil m’ar naf iggerdan iqbayliyen yessnen tiyayatin neɣ tisettiyin-nsen diritent neɣ weɛrit. Ur nezmir ara ad d-ninni d akk-n tamɣart taqbaylit, m’ar ad nezzi akk-n ɣef yiri lkanun deg uḍan-nni ɣezifen n tegrest, d akk-n ur as-nesmeḥsis ara neɣ « ur as-nefk ara azal i lehduṛ-is iččuren d ṣswab ». Ur d-neqqar ara d akk-n : « Axxam mebla tamɣart, am urti mebla tadekkart ». Inna-yasen Yennayer i yeqbayliyen-nni n zik : « Seg semmaḍen ar lɣezla ad wen-seṛwuɣ imeṛɣan ; dacu kan, i-mi tellam seg Imezwura, ad wen-d-awwiɣ leḥcaca, u awen-d-awiɣ lɣella ! ».

. Dɣa, deg ass-n, nzellu asfel, aksum-is ntett-yes seksu deg imensi n yennayer. Nettheyyi-d diɣen tiɣrifin d teḥlawit niḍen i lqahwa n ṣsbeḥ. M’ar ad d-uɣalent si tala, tulawin ssrusunt tiggaṭutin d-heyyat iḍelli-nni deg ufrag lḥaṛa. I ymekli, ttnawalent berkukes. Am uɛeqqa-nni n berkukes igemmun ma tḥazzen ifuṛan n waman inebɣa ad igmmu uɛeqqa n zzeriɛa deg akal akk-n ad d-ifek ṣṣaba. Lḥilat d igerwajen issefk ad ččaṛen d neɛma d wučči : d asfillet ad t-suget lɣella. Akk-n ti-d-imenna Yennayer, yal aɛeggal n twacult yella neɣ ulac-it, amur as-ittuneffk. Nxeḍḍuy-asen i ysufar qqeṛiḥen neɣ meṛiɣen, nesmenyif isufar ẓiden am teɣrifin akk-n ad iẓiden wussan-nneɣ.

Tameddit n wass, suffuɣen-d ɣer tejmaɛt tarbut n seksu d uksum, d amur i ymeɣban. Ma d wid neɣ tid i yulac am tweliyin, amur-nsent n weksum, n teḥlawatin d tququcin ttarran-asent di ṭṭeṛf i wass-n deg ad d-assent. Ad eččen akk medden arma ṛṛwan, ula d amesbrid ɣur-s amur-is. Tameddit n wass send imensi, tayemmatt tettak i warraw-is iɛeqqayen n yirden aten-ṭṭfen deg ifasen-nsen m’ar afken ddaɛwa lxiṛ : « Yiwen wass di ddunit, yekker Ugellid Ameqqwran ; ṭṭlam yerra-t d tafat, deg genwan izreɛ itran ; yekkes kra yellan dirit, alluḍ yurad s waman. Aluḍ yurad s waman, a Bab Igenwan !... ». Yal yiwen/yiwet ad ggerz tikli-is ur isnuɣni neɣ ur iserffu yara Aɛsas-Lḥaṛa, u ad meɣafar n wugar-asen.

Imi tameɣra n Yennayer tettdum 7 wussan, am akk-n d-nniɣ sgellin, nttṛaju ass n udfel ar « ar yezdin » Tamawiya (Tamurt n Leqbayel). M’akk-n idurar At-Wadda (Ğerğer Utaram [7]) akk idurar At-Ufella (Ğerğer Ugemuḍ [8]), Iḥḥerqan n Ṣummam, Idurar n Tewwura, n Ubabuṛ akk d Ugergur) ? issaɣay fella-sen (isdukkliten) wedfel : dɣa nzzelu izimer d asfel.

### Tameɣra n umeyagger n udfel neɣ Asfel n Yennayer

Deg Ṣummam tettilli-d deg ayyur n dujember akk d yennayer tmeɣra n umeyagger n udfel. M’akk-n adfel n Ukfadu d Ğerğer imllal d win Uceṭub d Tqinṭuct – idurar n Ubabuṛ, tama n Tizi-Wuccen, nzzelu izimer d asfel. Am’akk-n d-inna Yennayer, adfel d lffal yelhan, isffilit i wsuget n ṣṣaba d lɣella. Nniɣ-d : « Adfel yesemyagger snat n tamiwin-a n tmurt n Leqbayel u ydel-itent s ubernus-is amellal ». Zik-nni, di Yennayer, iqbayliyin cceɛlen times akk-n ad d-beggnen tumert-nsen [9] gar-asen.

Tameṭṭut taqbaylit, lmeṣbeḥ deg ufus ad d-ekk akk tiɣemar n uxxam akk-n asen-teserbeḥ Yennayer i yɛeggalen akk n twacult-is akk d yal aɣersiw n wexxam. Ad tezwir seg imarawen-innes. Ad tweddeɛ taftilt-innes deg udem n yal yiwen neɣ yiwet, u asent-menni ala ay-n ilhan : « Ferḥet a baba d yemma ! Fṛeḥ a yarggaz-iw ! Ferḥet a yarraw-iw ! Ferḥet a Yiɛessasen n wexxam ! Ferḥet a yizggaren ! atg. ». Arrac imeẓyanen tteglilizen deg udfel akk-n ad uɣallen ğğehden ur ttaggaden ara aṣemmiḍ ! Tetten adfel n Yennayer ! Tturaren gar-asen d tirebbuɛa s tkurin n wedfel ! Ma d imeqqranen teggen taɣyut n wedfel i m’ar ad d-serḥen deg ussawen arma tewweḍ s agni, ddaw taddart ; syin asecebḥen u as-tt-fken i Yennayer d tunṭict.

Yal tikkelt m’ar ad d-iɣlli udfel, asalu yeṛṛez, iberdan serḥen, arrac ilmeẓyen ttazalen deg izenqqan n taddart u ccnun : « A Ṛebbi effk-d ameččim, a-nečč ad neqqim, ad neffk i yezgaren alim ! ». Tturaren diɣen taḥnaccaṭ ! Tekkesen-d iẓeblac d-itteɛluluqen si tregwa n tisyar ! D ussan ur ntettu ! Ğerğer d Ukfadu akk d Uceṭub d Tqinṭuct d idurar niḍen n Leqbayel (Tiwwura, Ababuṛ d Ugergur) lsan abernus amellal. M’ar tebɣu aman tmeṭut taqbaylit tesefssay adfel ; tettaččar tasilt d’adfel send ad tt-terr sufella n tmes.

At-Zik, qqarer-as i wedfel « imetman n Bab-Igenwan. Deg tussnamya-nneɣ, d Bab-Igenwan i-d-isekkren adfel i wakk-n ddunit ad yiɣzif lṣemr-is. Aman n wedfel kečmen deg « iɣsan n wakal akk-n ad idum ». Ass-mi ar yenger udfel, akal ad ikkaw am umɣar uwessur. Iɣsan-is ad qceqcen u ad immet. M’ar yekkat udfel, a Bab-Igenwan i-d-ittṣuḍun abeḥri-s aṣemmaḍ ɣer lqaɛa ».

Taggara, tameddit n wass n Yennayer, tilawin ttmeslayent s leḥṛaṛ ɣef ass-nnsent. Tiwwura akk lddint, bṛaṛḥent ; acku ass-n d tafaska [10] mi qqaren « Amɣar uceqquf ». Imdanen mazal-iten di berra akk-n ad maggren arrac ilsan iseffaren [11], ittazalen ɣef yexxamen u ccnun ass amenzu n Yennayer : « Ay ixf useggas d tewwura igenwan. Adfel ar ammas, ad yefsi d aman. Ay axxam d uɛessas, necfa ɣef yiwen wass iɛebbaḍ ṛwan, iqqaṛṛa zhan... ».

Yal lall n uxxam, tettakk-asen timellalin d teḥlawatin u teqqar-asen neɣ teccennu-yasen : « Ixf useggas, d amenzu useggas. Ad necfu fell-as, a-neṛwu aksum ; ad nettu amalas ! ».

Arrac ittazalen deg izenqan n taddart deffir n yiwen seg-sen d-itturaren « Amɣar-Uceqquf » is-iggulen i « Yemma Yennayer » ad as-yilli d amekdi [12]. Ḥekkun-d ɣef Amɣar-Uceqquf d akk-n « d bu-tidett », u yezdeɣ ger tlawin, tulawin-nni yeṛṛwan lmerta. Annect-a akk ddaw tiṭ n Ugraw, u awal ur ti-d-yulli. « Bu-tidett », yiwwas kan ar mi d-ibbeɛzzaq-yes, inna-yasen : « Aḥeqq kra d-i-wansen, a taddart iwersusen, ur qqimeɣ ger-asen ! ». Dɣa yeffeɣ si taddart, iṛuḥ ad inadi axxam anda niḍen. Ur yewwi yides ala aceqquf n yirrij akk-n ad iẓẓiẓen... Deg ass-n, sawalen-as Amɣar-Uceqquf u ttaran-as tajmilt yal tameɣra n Yennayer. M’ar ad iɣlli yiḍ, at-taddart, lddin tiwwura-nsen u ttɣaman sdat umnnaṛ akk-n ad maggren arrac-nni ittazzalen deg izenqan, akk-n ad asen-d-innin awal n tidett. Yal axxam ad isel i wawalen-is n tidett, ɣas akk-n tikkwal, tiqquranen (dayɣef arrac-nni teffren udmawen-nsen). S waya, is-d-rran i tidett amkan-is, u rran i tajmilt i Umɣar-Uceqquf, mu-sawalen diɣen Aweqqaf n tidett, iyesmenyifen ad innejli wala ad iqqim deg taddart iḥḥedṛen i lbaṭṭel.

I axxam anda tameṭṭut teffeɣ i webrid neɣ tettwasen s yir ṭṭbiɛa-as, aqqcic bu-wudden uffir iqqaras-sen deg izli-is :

Atan wawal n Umɣar-Uceqquf :
A dda Waɛli ! A dda Waɛli !
Tameṭṭut-ik d m-xenfuṭ !
Ur tesɛi sser, ur tesɛi tidett !
T-tamecḥaḥt teqqur am tebselt !
Thedder yir lehdur ɣef widan i-tt-yifen !
Ma yella tebɣiḍ tidett, tecba taqerqurt ibekki !

I wakk-n ad as-surfen i tmeṭṭut-nni, issefk fella-s ad ssusem u asen-d-ffek timellalin akk d tẓidanin ! Ma d bab n wexxam asen-d-iffek idrimen. Mi dayen kkan-d akk i yexxamen n taddart, ad gerwen warrac-nni di tejmaɛt. Dinna, amnay gar-asen, izemren ad yilli d arggaz ameqqran, asen-ibḍu gar-asen timellalin, tiḥlawatin d tẓẓidanin-nni akk d-jemɛen.

Yella diɣen di tfaska-ya n Umɣar-Uceqquf, way-n mi qarren « Azal n tidett » : tewser ittḥazzen akk kra ittidiren di ddunit, d amdan, d aɣersiw, d aseklu, atg. Ula d arrac d tullas, yessefk ad akin di temẓi-nsen d akk-n ula d nutni ad iwsiren. S-ya ad ifrirent snat n tɣawsiwin. Tamenzut d tin ar naf di lemtel anda akk-n qqaren : « D temẓi i-yxeddmen ɣef temɣer ». Aneslmed i weqqruṛ amecṭuḥ ad iheyyi ussan-is n temɣer s wexmmal iɣalen, acku, m’ur d ijmiɛ ara ay-n ar a yečč di taggara n wussan-is ad d-yeggri d amattar. Taɣawsa tis snat, d tin yurzan ɣer ttṛebgga : d aqqader n wid akk d tid meqqren fella-s, akk-n bɣun illin, « xas llan di tefsut, xas llan di tegrest ».

Nwalla ziɣen, acḥal i d azal teṭṭef tmeɣra-yagi n Yennayer deg ttṛebgga d uselmed n iggerdan, akk d lwağğeb n imarawen-nsen ad ffken tazmart-nsen akk-n ad ssufɣen irgazen d tlawin n uzekka.

Di taggara n Yennayer, tilawin ttceyyiɛent arraw-nsent ad ccnun kṛad (3) tikkal deg ameẓẓuɣ ayefus n uzggar u sṭṭeṛḍiqen ɣaf aɛrur n tkasṛuḍt ; as-innin : « Yennayer iffeɣ a yazgger ! »

## Asefru n Yennayer

Tagi d tukkist seg yiwet n taɣect cennunt tlawin tiqbayliyin, d tajmilt i ugellid n wayyuren :

A Yennayer ! a Yennayer ! Keččini d bab n yiger,
A Yennayer ! a Yennayer ! Fell-ak i nerwa amdegger,
A Yennayer ! a Yennayer ! Eğğ amkan a gma i Furar,
A Yennayer ! a Yennayer ! Tettaggadeḍ Rebbi deg umɣar.

A Yennayer bu-ṣṣaba,
Aman-ik d isemmaḍen,
Tamurt n jeddi d baba,
I tt-ireffden d irgazen,
A Yennayer bu-tecrurin,
A win mi yezdi yisem,
Ḥemmlenk warrac d tlawin,
Mi i k-yesla wedrar d rrsem.

A Yennayer ! a Yennayer ! A lexyar deg wugguren,
A Yennayer ! a Yennayer ! Ḥader widak yunagen,
A Yennayer lehna tafat,
Tamurt tedda s tisula,
Win i ynudan f kra yufa-t,
Anda yedda Rebbi yella !

## Imeslayen ɣef Yennayer

## Amek i d-yettili usfuggel n Yennayer?

* Aṭas n wansayen i d-icudden ɣer Yennayer. Xeddemen imensi n yennayer neɣ llan wid yeqqaren imensi bu sebɛa yisufar. Zellun iyuzaḍ, dɣa zik yal aɛeggal s uyaziḍ-is, yernu yal yiwen deg-sen ma yewweḍ 17 neɣ 18n yiseggasen, ad yezlu i yiman-is. Xeddmen lwaɛda swayen zemren. Mačči d aya kan, llan wansayen-nniḍen am ttesḍila tamezwarut i uqcic amectuḥ akken ad yeğhed ucebbub-is. Xeddmen tasewwiqt anda aqcic, ad d-yawi aqerru n uzger akken, ad yuɣal d aqerru n uxxam. Deqs n tmeɣriwin i d-ittewheggan aseggas-a sɣur tiddukkliwin yemgaraden, ama di tmurt-nneɣ ama di tmura n lbarani d tmura n tmazɣa s umata, ilmend n useggas amaynut n yimaziɣen 2967, imi d ass i yesddukulen imaziɣen meṛṛa anda ma llan. D ass n tegmat i aɣ-d-yesmektayen amezruy d wakud i deg d-telḥa tmazɣa. D ass i yessemlalayen tassa d way turew, d ass n usirem d lferḥ ara yeẓẓun talwit deg ulawen. D ass, anda i nessikid ɣer umezruy lqayen, d anagi ger tɣermiwin d leǧnas meṛṛa i aɣ-d-yezzin. Yennayer d ansay ɛziz fell-aɣ meṛṛa, acku d amezruy-nneɣ d tinettit-nneɣ. Nessaram Yal aseggas d anerni deg iseɣ d tlelli, d usebɣes n tutlayt n teqbaylit.