open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Fannu

**Fannu** (temmut di yebrir 1147) tella d tageldunt n twacult n yimrabḍen . Telsa am urgaz , tettekka deg uḥuddu mi yella unekum ɣer Merrakec

Tekker-d deg teɣremt n yimrabḍen deg merrakec d yelli-s n Ɛumar U Yintan , ur yelli ara wacu texdem d taɣawsa tamnuffelt imi tameṭṭut deg tgelda n yimrabḍen tella tesɛa azal yugaren win yellan ɣer tulawin n tmura tinselmin nniḍen . Neẓra belli tulawin imiren llant sɛant azalmeqqren deg yixamen n teɣdemt akka am Zaynab tanefrawit , tin yebnan tawacult d tgelda n yimrabḍen : imaren tulain llant ur ttarrant ara tifunaṛin neɣ imendilen , ulmud n tmeṭṭut yella yettwaqbel ulazc win i d-ibedden mgal-ines , llant tulawin akka am Ḥafṣa U lḥaǧ tarkunit xeddment timsirin n useɣri s daxel n teɣremt n ugellid , llant ugar n snat n tlawin i aɣ d-yemmel umezruy belli llant d timejjayin .

Deg meɣres 1147 , wwḍen-d yiserdasen n Ɛebd Lmumen U Ɛli Agumi , amekkasu n Ibn Tumert d win yebnan tagelda n yimweḥḥden , ɣer tmannaɣt Merrakec mi akken yettnaɣ mgal twacult n yimrabḍen , kecmen tamdint , zeḍmen ɣer leswaṛ i yettɛassan taɣremt n yimrabḍen . Tettwwassen Fannu s tilsin-is iceṭṭiḍen n urgaz tḥudd ɣef teɣremt , akken id-yules umezry ur lḥiqen ara yimweḥden ad kecmen tiɣremt armi temmut " yiwet n tlemẓit temrabeḍt " , daɣen yenna-d umezruy belli imweḥḥden wehmen deg tebɣest d tezmert n Fannu , yernu ur ẓrin ara belli d tameṭṭut armi dayen tettwanɣa .

Di Lmerruk , mazal tttawalin-tt d azamul n yigrawliwen Imaziɣen
Faḍma tazewwaɣt

**Faḍma tazewwaɣt** neɣ **tazuɣert** ( ssawalen-azs akka imi tella d tazubeɣt ) tella d tagellidt n Awras i yeddren gar 1544 d 1641.

## Tudert
Tudert n Faḍma Tazuɣert tekka-d seg yisefra d tuɣac n temnaḍt n yicawiyen , i tt-id-igelmen nnan fell-as « d tagellidt tamelḥant tazewwaɣt » . Akken id-yuwi umezruy n udrum n Wat Faḍma , tlul deg 1544 , temmut deg 1641 deg udrar n Belezma d yelli-s n yiwet n tdukli tameqqrant n udrar n Awras .

Yenna-d umadyaz Muḥemmed Nadir Sebɛa , deg 1566 , tesseɣli timdinin n Merrakec , Meknas , Fas . D aya i yerran Lmeǧdub , amedyaz aṣufi seg yimaziɣen n Lmerruk ad yaru fella-s adlis ameẓẓyan , tettwassen belli tella d tagrawliwt tameqqrant ulac akk win izemren ad tt-yeɣḍel , yernu tella d aɣella tameqqrant i yessnen ad tenbeḍ , nnan-d daɣen fella-s belli tella d tin yettamnen s rebbi , temhel Lecyux n lǧameɛ akken i tella d tagrawliwt 

Qqaren-d belli Faḍma Tazuɣert tessemlal iderman imaziɣen ɣer tama n yiderman yettwaɛerben , tger asɣamu n lɛeqqal i tulawin kan . Nnan-d fella-s d tameṭṭut mm tissas , tella teǧhed mliḥ , ur tettagad ara , ur tkukra ara akk mi tenɣa gma-s Zultan mi d-ibedd mgal unbaḍ-is , akken daɣen tenfa gma-s Sellam , telḥeq ad tenbeḍ akk Belzema deg tasut tis xvie. 

D yemma-s n mraw d ṣa n warrac , tettwaḥseb d tagerram taṣufit , i yḥefḍen 60 ḥizeb n Leqran , texdem assaɣen n tnezzuyt akked yimsiḥiyen d udayen 

Terra-as tmedyazt Xuxa Buǧnit tajmilt s yiwen n usefru .

Arraw n Wat Faḍma deg Tmerwant , ad ilin d arraw n warraw n tmeṭṭut-agi , akken id-qqar tenfust imarawen n Wat-Zulṭan d Wat-Sellam llan ttwanfan sɣur Faḍma Tazuɣert .
Lucas Jade Zumann

**Lucas Jade Zumann** ( ilul deg 12 Dujember 2000 ) d asebgar amarikani , yurar-d  Milo deg usaru n tuggdi *Sinister 2* Jamie Fieldes deg usaru n *20th Century Women* d Gilbert Blythe deg *Anne with an E .*

## Tudert
ilul-d Zumann deg uwanek n Cikago deg yiwunak yedduklen n Temrikt , d amenzu gar ukkuz n warrac , aẓar-is d uday , yelmed deg uɣerbaz ahibru.

## Leqdic
Yettwassen imi d-yurar awadem n Gilbert Blythe deg Anne with an E .
Masuna

**Masuna** neɣ **Massunas** ( 508–535) yella d amaziɣ i yeddren deg temnaḍt i yellan tura deg umalu n tmurt n Lezzayer , nnan-d fella-s belli yella d amasiḥi , yegled tagelda n yiuriyen d yirumaniyen deg tmanaɣt-is i ɣef tebna tgelda Altafa i yellan tura deg Tyaret di temnaḍt n Tlemsan di lezzayer n wassa  , yuwi-d timunent n tmurt-is imi yexdem nnfaq akked yiwindaliyen . Yeddukel ugellid masuna d umenkad arumani n utaram Justinyan , yella ɣer tama-s deg yimenɣi-ines mgal yiwindaliyen deg 533 akked kra n yiderman imaziɣen nniḍen . Mi yegled akk iderman n Muretanya uɣen-as awal .

## Tagelda
Masuna d agellid amezzwaru n tgelda n yimuriyen d yirumaniyen , yiwet n tgelda tamaziɣt  id-yusan deg wanda i tella n Muretanya taqeyṣrit zik nni , i yellan s ddaw n uḥuddu n umenkud arumani n utaram , macc akken i llant tgeldatin timaziɣin nniḍen ,tagelda n yimuriyen d yirumaniyen tezger tilisa id-yeǧǧa umenkud arumani , tekcem timura leɛmer ɛeddan fella-sent yirumaniyen , nnessen-it s yiwet n tira deg yiwet n tira deg altafa ( ass-a d Wlad Mimun deg temnaḍt n Wehran ) deg 508 AT i deg id-yenna ɣef yiman-is *Rex gentium Maurorum et Romanorum* " Agellid n yigduden arumani d umuri " . Iban belli yella yesɛa Alafa imi tella d tagelda n yigelliden id-yusan s deffir-s , daɣen llant snat n temdinin nniḍen i yellan ɣer tama n Altafa : Kastra Sifiryana d Safar , nnan-d yimusnawen n umezruy belli tella zik timezgida tameqqrant deg kastra Sifiryana ( iban belli Kastra Sifiryana tella tesɛa azal ameqqran deg tgelda agi deg tasutin tilemmasin ) 

### assaɣen d umenkud arumani n utaram
Yenna-d umusnaw n umezruy Brukubyus belli yella yiwen n ugellid amaziɣ qqaren-as Masunas , iban d netta i d Masuna , yexdemassaɣen d umenkud arumani n utaramdeg yiseggasen n 530 , yeddukel yid-sen mgal yimenɣi-ines akked yiwindaliyen deg nnfaq awindali . Masuna d yiwen seg yigelliden imaziɣen i yeddan s talwit akked Bilaryus n umenkud arumani n utaram , ssutren-asen-d , taɛeṣṣabt n uẓref ,aɛekkaz s uẓref yesɛan ciṭ n wureɣ , takebbuḍt d usebbaḍ yettwaruccen s wureɣ .

Mi ɣlin yiwindaliyen , yekcem-d umenkud arumani n utaram ɣer Tefriqt n Ugafa , bdan yinembaḍen ibizenṭiyen n temnaḍt ttafen tizɣenin mgal yimezdaɣ iɣelnawen d yiderman imaziɣen . Awanek n Bizasina i tent-yuɣen aṭas iimi zgan keččmen-t hudden adgen i ttilin yiqeddacen n umenkud abizenṭi , nɣan inembaḍen-is , anembaḍ Sliman yecxdem snat n tuffɣiwin mgal imezdaɣ iɣelnawen , yesseɣli tigrawliwin n yimaziɣen . Imaziɣen umi yeɣlin , rewlen ɣer temnaḍt n Numidya , anda i yella Yudas agellid n Awras .

Masuna d ugellid amaziɣ n Muretanya tasṭayfit n zik nni , Urtyas nnan-as i Sliman ad yeḍfer igrawliwen ɣer temnaḍt n Numidya , yexdem annect-nni , ur yennuɣ) ara akked Yudas deg yiwet n tnegluft maca ur yefki ara laman i wid ukkud yeddukel , yebna aṭas n wagazen yettwaḥeṣṣnen ɣef akk tilisa yellan gar Bizasina d Numidya .
Tacnuɣa

**Tacnuɣa** neɣ  **tacka** **n udayen** neɣ **tasinagugt** neɣ **lkanis** d adeg i deg ttẓallan wudayen Aẓar n tecka-agi , anamek-is d adeg ideg ttemlilin lmumnin akken ad ẓẓallen ɣer uɛelṭar n ufakan iqeddsen ; ɣer yimceyyɛen d yinelmaden-nsen . Tasinagugt am wadeg iiqeddsen ɣer wudayen tuɣal akkaseg lexdayem n Ɛezra . Syin syin trennu deg wazal armi tuɣal d taḍrist tudayt n tmezdayt tamasiḥit

Ifakanen sɛan adeg iqeddsen ,tazqa n tẓallit , tesɛa idlisen n Turah , tezmer daɣen ad tesɛu taxxamt i umeslay ɣef tmetti . tseɛu daɣen tixxamin meẓẓiyit i ulmud : xas akken tacka n udayen tella d adeg n tẓallit di tazzwara , maca yuɣal deg umezruy uday d adeg n telmud d turah , anamek-is sse"lmaden deg-s ansayen d tutlayt taɛibrit , ama i wid meqqren ama i yilmeẓyen . Iban-d wannecta ɣer Filu askendri , ɣer wudayen n Beniz d udayen n tmura tibelqaniyin , i yettmeslayen s tutlayt tayidicit , semman i yfakanen didaskalya neɣ Skula neɣ Udi anamek-is aɣerbaz . Mazal ismawen agi id-yemmalen afakn qqarenten wid yettmeslayen taydicit . 

Filu askendri d lɛahed amaynut ssexdamayen awal agrigi aqbur προσευχή id-yemmalen taẓallit syin adeg n tẓallit .
Imrabḍen irumyen

**Imrabḍen irumyen** ( s tutlayt tafransist : *Pères Blancs ) ,* isem-nsen unṣib d imceggɛen n Tefriqt ( talatinit : *Missionarii Africae ,* asezwel **MAfr** ) d timetti iḍefren abrid arumani akatuliki deg tudert n yal ass . Ilul-d deg 1868 ɣef ufus n umeksa n Lezzayer Carl -Martial Labijri . Xeddmen ɣef uselmed n tbibelt d uselmed nniḍen , ladɣa deg Tefriqt . Deg 2021 , llan 1428 n yiɛeggalen gar yimeɣdaden n Tefriqt seg 36 n tɣelnawin yemgaraden , qeddcen deg 2 n tmura , de 217 n yigrawen d tmettiyin .

## Amezruy

Yuwi-d waṭan n Kulira di 1867 deg Lezzayer aṭas n yigujilen izzayriyen , ɣef way-a  i tella tmesmunt deg Maison Carré ( lḥerrac ; deg Lezzayer ) akken ad ten-slmeden aselmed amasiḥi ; maca iswi i yellan deg wallaɣ n win i tt-ixedmen macci d aselmed ; bɣan ad rren iɛraben d yigduden n Tefriqt talemmast . Yenna Labijri i yimceggɛen-nni ines belli ilaq ad mmeslayenn s tutlayin n yigduden iɣelnawen , ad ččen tagella-nsen , ad lsen iselsa-nsen , ɣef way--a llan ttlusun am yigduden n Tefriqt n ugafa , aqenduṛ ,abernus , tacacit , yernu akken ad sbeggnen asɣan-nsen llan ttlusun tasebḥit , ddewwiren-tt ɣef umgerḍ-nsen isem n yibabaten imellalen yekka-d seg yiselsa-nsen .

Bdan yiwen deg useggas n 1868 , xedmen ammasen deg uneẓruf d tmurt n Leqbayel . Deg useggas n 1876 mmuten kraḍ n yimceggɛen yellan deg ubrid-nsen ɣer Tumbuktu . Deg 1878 , ffɣen mraw n yimceggɛen Lezzayer rran ɣer kra n temnaḍin deg tefriqt , akka am ugelmim n Bikturya
Ledriq

**Ledriq** (s tgutit : , s tesbenyulit : Rodrigo, s Tutlayt taɛrabt : ), yemmut di yulyu 711 deg Spenyul d agellid aneggaru n yigutiyen n umalu imi tamurt-is kecmen-tt yinselmen s ddaw n tmela n *Tareq u ziyad d* *Musa bnu Nusayr* .

## Tudert
d mmi-s n twacult n lesyad .

Tamnaḍt taǧaret n Tmazɣa kecmen-tt yisnemen s ddaw n tmehla n Musa bnu Nusayr . Aneggaru-agi yerra yiwen n umaziɣ kra nniḍen nnan-d d amwali ( yiwen n yimsuqel amaynut ) aẓar-is d amaziɣ , d Ṭareq u Ziyad d anembaḍ ɣef Ṭenǧa , yernu imehl-as akken 7 000 n yimnayen yettwasuqqlen ɣer tneslemt mebla tarlkint . 

Lkunt Yulyan , anembaḍ n Sebta , qi wumi ssawalen wid n Turuft Julyan ,yella yekreh Ledriq yernu yettemsefham d Ṭareq . Yules-d umazran amaṣri Ibn Ɛebd El Ḥakam snat n tasutin umbeɛd belli yelli-s n Yulyan : Flurinda terza ɣer tgelda n Ledriq akken ad d-lmed maca yekkes fella-s lḥerma-s tuɣal-d ɣer Sebta s tadist .
Ayedmun

**Ayedmun** (s tegrigit :  **Aìδηµων**) yella d agrawliw amaziɣ n Muretanya , yedder deg tasut tamezzwarut n tlalit n Lmasiḥ , anamek n yisem-is win yetteṣren sser neɣ win iḥeṛṛen . Zik yella Ayedmun d akli ɣer Baṭlimus mmi-s n ugellid n Muretanya Yuba II d Kliyubatra Silini tis II  , iqreb mliḥ ɣer wul-is iḥemmel-it aṭas .

## Tameddurt
Mi yettwanɣa Baṭlimus ɣef ufus n umenkad arumani Kaliɣyula di taggara n useggas n 40 .  Akken ad yerr ttaṛ i bab-is yexdem tagrawla meqqren mgal tallit n yirumaniyen i yenɣan sidi-s deg tmurt-is . Tagrwla-agi tameqqrant tella deg yidurar n temnaḍt n Arrif deg tgelda n Muretanya di Lmerruk n wass-agi mgal Rum . Ciṭ kan seg yimezdaɣ n tgelda i yedduklen ɣer tama n Ayedmun , yiwet n tura deg Bubilis ( d Wilili ass-agi deg Umerruk ) belli imezdaɣ-is ddan d Rum . Imi ulac win ara ynebḍen urgan chicktok  yiderman iɣelnawen ad argun s timunnent imi Kaliɣyula yenɣa-t ɛemmi-s Klud .

Di taggara tagelda n Uyeddmun teɣli texser ur neẓri ara d acu i t-yuɣen syinna imi amezruy ur d-yuwi lexbaṛ.
Tagelda n Qabes

**Tagelda n Qabes** neɣ **tagelda n Kabsus** d tagelda tamaziɣt-tarumanit yellan deg temnaḍt n Qabes , idles-n,sen d arumani ɣe'f way-a ajjed-nsen d amasiḥi akatuliki , tameslayt-nsen d tarumanit ɣer tama n tmaziɣt taɣelnawt , tlul-d mi akken ttefɣen yirumuaniyen seg tefriqt n ugafa d unekcum n yiwindaliyen d tlalit n tgelda-nsen tamaynut "tagelda tawindalit di Tefriqt n Ugafa "deg 440-470 ST .
Tagelda n Lḥeḍna

**Tagelda n Lḥeḍna** d tagelda tamaziɣt yellan deg Lḥeḍna d yidurar n Lbiban di lezzayer n wassa. ajjed-nsen yella d Tamasiḥit
Soumâa

**Soumâa** (s tefrensist : *Tala Oufella*), d taddart ger tudrin n Tmurt n Yeqbayliyen, d tin i d-yezgan 3 n ikilumitren ar usamar n Tizi n At Ɛica (Tawilayt n Bumerdas). Angal n tnazzant-ines (*Code Postal*) 35005.

## Amdan
* 
* 
* Firmus
* Ǧildun
* 
* 
* Nubil
* Tageldunt Kirya
* 

## Ayen i d-yezzin i Taddart n Soumâa:

## Timselɣa


## Zeṛ daɣen
Tutlayt tamapwchit

**Tutlayt tamapwchit** (*Mapudungun*) d tutlayt i sawalen di kuẓ n tmura timarikaniyin am Cili, Tarjentint.

## Tutlayt tunṣibt

## Tantaliwin

## Amezruy n tutlayt
Afus wa n aɣil

**Afus wan aɣil** (s tamahaq: **ⴰⴼⵓⵙ ⵓⴰ ⵏ ⴰⵗⵉⵍ**) (anamek-is: *Afus ayeffus*) deg tuget n tikwal, iga d itri wis mraw (wis 10) netta yettfejjijen s waṭas di tegnawt n yiḍ, akken i iga d itri afejejja wis sin deg tezdemt n umanar s timmad-is. Afus wan aɣil ittumeggez d itri amanfal, azal-is amaskad igda +0.0 d +1.6.

## Asesmel
Afus wan aɣil d itri yettusesmel d acafcal azeggaɣ seg yiylalen n telmest **M 2-1**. Afus wan aɣil iga d yiwen seg yitran meqren, yettwaskaden s tiṭṭ, ma nessugen-it-id d ammas n unagraw anafuk, ad tili tiggi-ines beṛṛa n ubaggus n izunyuren, anda ara ad yelmeẓ imtiwgen n uziweɣ d tetrit d tegnit d Mezweɣ, akken i yezmer daɣen ad yelmeẓ timezzit n Yebder.

## Amezruy n wannayen-is

## Imal-is

## Talalit n yitri acafcal

## Imniren
Masilya

**Masilya** d tagelda i yttewaxdmen seg yiderman yemlalen akka am Muzulami d Jaytuli, deg tasut tis ukkuz send talalit, yegled-iten ugellid. Tella tezga-d tgelda-agi gar snat n tmura i yḍemɛen deg wakal-ines, seg umalu de tagelda n Masisilya i yesɛan idrimen d yigran d yiserdasen tefreq-itent temnaḍt n Zaray, ma seg utaram d Qerṭaj, yiwen n umenkud ameqqran i asen-yekksen akk sswaḥel n tgelda-nsen tefreq-itent temnaḍt n Krumiri, tagelda n Masilya tella tikwal deg umennuɣ d yiqerṭajiyen tikwal tella tettdukul yid-sen tettuɣal s ddaw n lemɛawna d uḥuddu n tgelda n yiqerṭajiyen. Timdinin timeqqranin-nsen d Sirta, Tbessa, Dugga d Madur. Agellid-nsen amezzwaru d Ayelmas, ma d aneggaru d agellid Mass-nsen. 

## Anamek n yisem
Isem-agi n Masilya / Lmasil yekka-d seg yismawen : Il : anamek-is ilel d Mas, ihi awal-a anamek-is d " mass n yilel ", ma d-imasisiliyen, isem-nsen ula d netta anamek-is d " mass n yilel " maca rnan-as mmi-s akken ad yeqqel : " mmi-s n mass n yilel ", qqaren yimussnawen n umezruy belli imasisiliyen d yimasiliyen llan d yiwen, maca imasisisliyen mi xedmen nnfaq mgal yimasiliyen, rewlen s amalu ggan tagelda dinna, fkan i yiman-nsen isem n : warraw n mass n yilel imiren i asen-yettunefka yisem n " mmi-s n mass n yilel (yil ) " syin id-yekka masisil.

## Anbaḍ
Fkan yimasiliyen anbaḍ i urgaz ameqqran deg twacult n yigelliden, ilaq d win i ymeqqren ara yilin d agellid, annecta ibeddel mi  lakumzis yenneqlab, yekkes-as tagelda i ugeldun Mass-nsen. 

## Amennuɣ abuniqi wis sin
Deg 218 ST yekker yimenɣi gar yirumaniyen d yiqerṭajiyen, imiren imasiliyen d yimasisiliyen i sin llan sɛan imnayen i yǧehden yernu ssnen akken iwata amek ara nnaɣen snat n tgeldatin lln dduklent d yiqerṭaǧiyen, maca deg useggas n 206 St, agellid masensen ibeddel tanilla imi iqerṭajiyen ddan d ugeldeun aɣewwaɣ Lakumazis ur neqquder ara taɣdemt, yernu yuzzel s deffir n unbaḍ, mi dayen irumaniyen rnan iqerṭajiyen deg useggas n 202 ST, steɛrefen yirumaniyen s tegelda n Numidya i yedduklen ideg tennejmaɛ masilya d Masisilya s ddaw n tɛessaft n ugellid Masensen I, akken ad tili d tagelda tamaziɣt tamezzwarut i s wayes i testeɛref Ruma, yenbeḍ-itt ugellid Masensen armi d lmut-is deg useggas n 148 ST.
Tutlayt tukṛaniyt

**Tutlayt tukṛaniyt** (Isemiman: *українська мова, oukraïnska mova*) d yiwet seg 4 n tutlayin tislavin n usamar yeṭṭafaren twacult n tutlayin tiwenduṛupiyin. Tukṛaniyt tga d tutlayt tamaddudt n tegduda n Ukṛanya. Deg useggas n 2007 llan-d wazal n 45 n imelyan n yimdanen yettmeslayen s tutlayt tukṛaniyt, gar-asen 41 n imelyan di Ukṛanya, ma d 4 n imelyan niḍen d tidersiyin tiwekṛaniyin yettidiren di tmura tinaragin am Rusya, Bilarusya d Muldavya.

## Amezruy

## Asedger araklan

## Tajerrumt

## Anagraw n tira

## Imniren

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tutlayin tislavin

 

 

 

ۦ ۦ
Tutlayt tačikiyt

**Tutlayt tačikiyt** (Isemiman: *čeština*  ) d yiwet n tutlayt taslavt yeṭṭafaren afurk n tutlayin tislavin tutrimin. Tačikiyt d tutlayt tamaddudt n Čikk, anda i llan wazal n 11 n imelyan n yimdanen yettmeslayen s tčikiyt.

Tutlayt tačikiyt d tin yudsen (imqaraben) s waṭas ɣer tutlayt tasluvakt.

## Amezruy n tutlayt tačikiyt

## Tira

## Tajerrumt

## Tintaliwin

## Amawal

## Imniren

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tutlayin tislavin

 

 

ۦ ۦ
Tutlayt tasluvakt

**Tutlayt tasluvakt** (Isemiman: *slovenčina, slovenský jazyk*) d yiwet n tutlayt taslavt tutrimt, ttmeslayen-tt di tegduda n Sluvakya yakk di tlisa n kra ilan tilisa yid-s am Čikk, Pulunya, Hungarya yakk d Ukṛanya.

Llan wazal n 6 n imelyan n yimdanen yettmeslayen s tutlayt tasluvakt, yerna tutlayt-a d tin yettemcabin s waṭas ɣer tutlayt tačikiyt

## Amezruy n tutlayt tasluvakt

## Tira

## Tajerrumt

## Tintaliwin

## Amawal

## Imniren

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tutlayin tislavin
Ɛebderreḥman Lmeǧdub

Sidi **Ɛebderreḥman Lmeǧdub** **( s [[Tutlayt taɛrabt]]** عبد الرحمن المجدوب - Meɣres 1506 - 26 Mayyu 1568 ) qqaren-as daɣen Lmeǧdub , isem-is s lekmal d CCix bu Zayd Ɛebderreḥman 

Lmeǧdub U Ɛeyyaḍ U Yeɛqub U salama u Xessan aṣenhaǧi adukali , yella d amedyaz ameṛṛuki d ccix aṣufi , isefra-ines ttwasnen deg yakk timura n Lmaɣrib ( tafriqt ugafa anagar maṣer d ssudan ) , leqdic-is d aɣbalu n waṭas n lemɛun d lemtul 

## Tudert
Ilul Ɛebderreḥman deg useggas n 1506 deg tadddart n Tit id-yezgan ɣer tama n Azemmur deg Lmeṛṛuk , iẓuran-is seg udrum amaziɣ n ṣenhaja . Deg useggas n 1508 , iguǧǧ akked baba-s ɣer temnaḍt n Meknas ideg id-yekkar deg twennaḍt taṣufit . Yeɣra baba-s ɣer Yebrahim afham Azehruni , yiwen seg yinelmaden n Ḥmed zerruq . Yeɣra Ɛebderreḥman di tazzwara deg meknas , syin yunag ɣer Fas akken ad ikemmel ulmud-ines dinna . Di Meknas slemdent kra n yiselmaden akka am Abu Ruwayin , Ḥmed Ṣabiḥ ( yemmut di 1537 ) Saɛid u Bu bakr amecnazi , Ɛebd-*Lḥaq azaliji Jeɛran asefyani d lquṭb Ɛumar Lxeṭṭab azehruni , d wagi i as-yennan belli ilaq ad yezdeɣ u ad yidir deg temnaḍ n Lhebṭ . Ma di Fas sseɣrent yiselmaden akka am Ḥmeed u ɛli asenhaji , yeḥfeḍ leqran yernu s mraw n tɣuriyin-ines . yedder mi yuli ccan n tgelda n yiseɛdiyen s ddaw n unbaḍ n mulay muḥemmed CCix d Ɛebdellah Lɣaleb . Imiren dɣa i yuli unbaḍ n yiɛutmaniyen deg tmura n Lezzayer d Tunes
Maziɣ (amezruy)

**Maziɣ** u kenɛan u yeqcan , nnan-d fella-s daɣen d berr neɣ yesɛa gma-s i waumi qqaren berr , d ababat amezzwaru i yessulin aẓar n yimaziɣen , yesɛa-d sin n warrac Madɣis d Brins , kra nnan-d belli Brins d mmi-s n gma-s Berr 

## Amezruy
Ṭṭabari yenn-d belli iumaziɣen d arraw n Maziɣ u yeqcan u yebrahim ( imceyyeɛ ) . Ma d Ben Xeldun yewwi-d awal n ugerram Ugesṭin i yuran : " ma testeqsam ifellaḥen-nneɣ ad ak d--inin nekkni d ikenɛaniyen " imi d arraw n Maziɣ u Kenɛan  . amussnaw n umezruy Gazbriyal kambs yenna-d belli d Maziɣ i d baba-s n yimaziɣen
Madɣis

Madɣis u Maziɣ u kenɛan , id-yesɛan Zaḥik 

Akken id-yenna Ben xeldun belli Madɣis d amaraw n Ḍriṣ ( Ǧalut amezzwaru ) ɣef waya qqaren yimaziɣen i unembaḍ-nsen Ǧalut neɣ agellid 

## Amezruy
madɣis d amaraw n yiderman imaziɣen ur nuriw id-yesɛa mmi-s zaḥik . Amussnaw n umezruy uday Yusifiyus yenna-d belli imceyyeɛ Yebrahim iceyyeɛ arraw-ines ɣer temnaḍin i ybeɛden ɣef Falesṭin /Israyel , imiren id-unagen ɣer tefriqt n ugafa , ɣef way-a nettaf agdud n tefriqt ttẓallan am udayen
Carl di fuku

**Carl di Fuku** ( 15 ctumber 1858 - 1 duǧember 1916 ) d agerram afransis d umaɣlay i yxedmen akken ad yeɣli uneẓruf n Lezzayer s ddaw n yifransisen .

## Tameddurt-is
ilul carl di Fuku di 15 ctumber 1858di Strasbourg di Fransa , assmi yessaweḍ 13 n yiseggasen ( deg useggas n 1871 yekcem ad iɣer ɣer yibabaten n tmezgida deg Nancy d Paris , assmi yessaweḍ 20 n yiseggasen yella yuli ccan-is gar yiserdasen n Fransa , dɣa deg useggas-nni id-nnan fella-s belli walant deg taddart n Maine-et-Loire yelsa am umeɣbun ur nesɛi ara axxam yessutur aɣrum i yimezdaɣ , deg useggas n 1880 yettwaceyyeɛ i leqdic deg yiserdasen n fransa di Lezzayer , dɣa di Sṭif i yella imiren , aseggas umbaeɛd di meɣres 1881 sufɣent-id imi yella ur yettuṛebba ara akken iwata , daɣen yella yisem-is yettwabder-d kan deg wayen i ycemten , dɣa yuɣal akken ad yidir deg evian , umbeɛd , sin n wayyuren kan , rran-t-id yifransisen ɣur-sen mi tekker tegrawla n bu Ɛmama , mi dayen yeɣli ccix buɛmama yuɣal ɣer Fransa akken ad yelmed taɛrabt d thibrut , di 1901 , yuɣal d amunak unṣib deg tmezgida , yunag ɣer Lezzayer , ɣer unẓul n Wehran ( Bni Ɛebbas ) akken ad yebdu tuffɣiwin-ines akken ad yessekcem medden ɣer tmasiḥit . 

### Iminig-ines ɣer uneẓruf

Iminig-ines ɣer uneẓruf  useggas n 1903 , yunag ɣer uneẓuf ideg yexdem deg udawi n yiserdasen ifransisen id-ijerḥen ardekkal n tnegluft n Taɣit deg Beccar , ma deg 1904 yebda akenni tuffɣiwin ɣer tama n yiserdasen akken ad issinen tamnaḍt . Deg useggas n 1905 yebna axxam s usɣaṛ d wakal deg Uḥeggar , yeǧǧa axxam-agi-ines ass mi yunag deg 1908-1909 akken ad yeḥḍer timlilit n yimunaken n umaḍal akken ad sekcemen igduden iɣelnawen n temnaḍin n Tefriqt d Asya d marikan yellan s ddaw n unbaḍ n yimenkuden n Turuft ɣer tmasiḥit . Aseggas umbeɛd 1910 , yuɣal-d ɣer uneẓruf , ɣer asekram aken ad yebnu deg-s timezgida-ines s yiẓra .

mi yekker yimenɣi amaḍlan amezzwaru deg 1914 di turuft yura tabrat yenna deg-s : 

*Lliɣ zemreɣ ad iliɣ d yiserdasen-nneɣ , maca la qedceɣ ɣef wayen ur nelli ara wazal-is s ddaw n wayen xeddmen nutni , d aḥader d useḥbiber ɣef ufra n yimezdaɣ dagi* 

Deg 1 duǧember 1916 , teɣli Ǧanet imiren , itergiyen faqen belli yella umeɣlay gar-asen , mi bdan anadi-nsen faqen belli d Di Fuku , ihi nudan fella-s di Lemniɛa , zeḍmen adeg yella yettɣimi , cudden-t , fkan-as-d aṭas n yisastanen ɣef uzḍam n yifransisen ɣef tmurt-nsen , dɣa yessusem yugi ad yerr , imiren it-yuwet yiwen s terṣast s aqerru yemmut din din . Yemḍel deg Lemniɛa , bnan ɣer tama n uẓekka-ines tamezdayt i yimasiḥiyen mazal ẓerren-tt ɣer wass-a . 

## Tibratin-ines
Uwḍent-aɣ-d aṭas n tebratin-ines ɣer-neɣ , amur ameqqran seg-sent i yiserdasen n fransa gar-asent : 

* Tabrat-is deg 31 meɣres 1915 
* Tabrat-is seg Tamenɣest di 5 yebrir 1914
Shahnez Boushaki

**Shahnez Boushaki**, ilul ass 22 Tuber 1985 di tamanaɣt Lezzayer, yebda yetturar di basketball uḍar asmi yella 11 iseggasen di imezzyanen n Lmuludeyya n Lezzayer (MCA), almi yewwi-d 20 iseggasen iruḥ ad iɣar di Lezzayer Groupement Sportif des Petroliers (GSP).

## Aslaɣmay
* 2002-2010 :  Lmuludeyya n Lezzayer (MCA)
* 2010-2018 :  Groupement Sportif des Petroliers (GSP)

## Tiwelhiwin
Spy × Family

***Spy × Family*** (スパイファミリー, *Supai Famirī*? ) d lmanga tayabanit i yura mass Tatsuya Endo , tettmesslay-d teqsiḍt ɣef yiwen n umaɣlay ilaq-as ad yebnu axxam akken ad yesselḥeq ad yexdem tuɣḍaṭ-ines , taqcict-nni i yesmemma d tin i yeqqaren tiktiwin n yimdanen , ma d tameṭṭut i yqbelen ad taɣ d yiwet n tqettalt yettwassnen mliḥ , texdem lmanga-agi rrbeḥ d ameqqran ama deg tmira n Yaban ama deg tmura n berra 

Di yebrir 2022 , yettwaskfeḍ-d s talɣa n Anime , i ɣef teqdec Wit Studio ɣer tama n CloverWorks , iɛedda-d deg targa n Tokyo TV deg Yaban , daɣen yesɛedda-t-id wahil ameqqran id-yesɛeddayen unnuɣen yettembiwilen Crunchyroll .

Di Mayyu 2022 , nzan seg-s ugar n 21 n yimelyan n tneɣlin deg ugadez 

## Tazzwert
I wakken ad ssersen talwit gar snat n tmura yezgan d amennuɣ Wistalis d Ustanya , yiwen n umaɣlay awistali i wumi ssawalen "Twilight " yettunefka-as lamer akken ad ineɣ Dunuban Dizmund  (Donovan Desmond ), aqerru n ukabar n tdukkli taɣelnawt n Ustanya , imi argaz-agi yettḥadar aṭas ɣef yiman-is , ur yezmir ara ad t-id yemlil anagar ma yella yessekcem yeeli-s neɣ mmi-s ɣer uɣerbaz azarug ideg qqaren warraw-is , ad yerr iman-is d yiwen seg yimawlan . 

Akken ad yexleq tuggna n twacult yummren , yessnulfa-d i yiman-is isem amaynut Luyd Furǧer ( Loid FOrger ) ; yesmemma-d yiwet n teqcict tagujilt isem-is Anya , yezweǧ d tmeṭṭut isem-is yur Brayar (Yor Briar ) , netta ur yezri ara belli Anya d taqcoct i yeqqren tiktiwin yellan deg wallaɣen n yimdanen , ma d Yur d taqettalt tameqqrant , mi ara lḥunt tedyanin ad trebbi twacult aqjun daɣen ula d netta yesɛa kra n lqedrat timeqqranin isem-nsent Bund ( Bond ) , akka ihi yufa-d umaɣlay Luyd iman-is la ylemmed amek ara yuɣal d ababat yelhan .

Deg wayyur n Yunyu tɛeddad-d tgeṭṭumt tneggarut d tios 12 .
Nina Kulagina

**Nina Kulagina** s ( trusit  : Нинель Сергеевна Кулагина, *Ninel Sergueïevna Koulaguina*) tlul deg 30 yulyu 1926 deg Léningrad , temmut deg 11 yebrir 1990 telmla d tamusnawt n tedfirnefsit ( tussna n wayen yellan s deffir n tnefsit ) d taruḥanit tarusit id-yennan belli tella tezmer ad texdem ayen ur yezmlir lɛebd ad ixemmem fella-s ladɣa deg usḥerrek n tɣawsiwin s wallaɣ weḥd-s tesɛedda snat n tmerwin n yiseggasen ineggura n tmeddurt-is deg yinadiyen ɣef way i tezmer ad texdem sɣur yimussnawen n tdukkli n tagdudatin tinemlayin tisubyitiyin , tella tessexdamay ddkir d wayen nniḍen akken ad mel belli mačči d takeddabt , aṭas id-yennan belli tettwaṭṭef belli tella txeddeɛ-iten s ddkir-agi . 

## Tameddurt-is
Deg ṭṭrad asemmaḍ , ttwazaknen-d yisaruyen id-iciheden belli terlla d ṣṣeḥ tezmer i way-a , waln Kulagina tesferfir kra n tɣawsiwin , tessulli tabalutt deg yigenni mebla ma irfed-itt yiwet ( s wallaɣ-ines kan ) , tefreq acebḥan n tmellalt ɣef ufareẓ-ines s ddaw n waman , maca tigawt-ines i yettwassnen aṭas d ah)bas n wul n yimqerqer s wallaɣ-ines weḥd-s , akken id-nna teddukli , 40 n yimussnawen gar-asen sin i yrebḥen araz n Nubel lemlden liḥala n Kulagina . Kulagina s timmad-is tennad belli tattizmir ad tewwi-d annect-a sɣur yemma-s , yernu tettizmir ad teṣṣiweḍ ɣer wayen meqqeren s wallaɣ-ines weḥd-s mi ara tili terfa 

Aṭas i yettcikkin deg teqsiḍt n Kulagina akka am umaru Vladimir Lvov ( Bladimir Lbub ) id-yennan belli Kulagina tella d taseḥḥart neɣ d tamẓurt .
Tawaɣit n umenzu di yulyu 2016 di Daka

**Tawaɣit n umenzu di yulyu 2016** di **[[Dakka]]** d tiyita i xedmen yirebraben deg usečču di lḥuma n Gulshan deg Dakka di Bangladec .

Deg yiḍ n 1 ru n Yulyu 2016 , semmus n yirebraben uwten s rṣas Holey Artisan Bakery deg lḥuma n Gulshan yesɛan aṭas n yinesbaɣuren deg-s deg Bangladec . Sterḍqen daɣen kra n lbumbat , wwin ugar n mraw n yimeḥbas nɣal yiwen n yiɣil n laman s tmekḥelt , mi akken ttemyiwaten s rṣas mgal yimsulta . 

## Tamentilt
Seg 2013 , tessen Bangladec aṭas n tiytiwin syur yirebraben ɣef tdersiwin n usɣan d wid yettwasnen ɣef Internet akked wid yessawalen i ufraq n usɣan ɣef tmurt .Gulshan d lḥuma yeččuren d inesbaɣuren tresɛa aṭas n tmahilin deg-s . 

## Tidyanin
Tebda tiyita deg talert tis 21 s tamert n Bangladec . Ugar n tẓa n yirebraben id-ikecmen ɣ)er usečču s lbumbat , d temkeḥlin . Yiwen deg-sen yella yesɛa yid-s ssif . Bdan tiyita s rṣas daɣen sterḍeqen lbumbat uqbel ad ṭfen aṭas n yimeḥbas , azal n yakk ibeṛṛaniyen . Bdan ttnaɣen s rṣas akked yiɣallen n laman , wa yekkat wayeḍ , aṭas n yimsulta i yjerḥen , yiwen seg-sen ufan-t-id yettwanɣa . Iɣallen n laman ( ama d imsulta , ama d iserdasen ama d lɛesker n Rapid Action Battalion " RAB " ) zzin-as-d i temnaḍt i as d-yezzin i usečču , neggzen-d ɣef ssqef sellken-d mraw d kraḍ n yimeḥbas i yettwaṭṭfen , nɣan seddis n yirtebraben ṭṭefen yiwen .

Yiwen seg wid yettwasellken yenna-d belli nnan-asen ilaq ad ɣren aḥric seg udlis n Leqran wid id-yennan ttwaserrḥen . 

## Afra
Snat n tmerwin n yimdanen , seddis n yirgazen i yeṭṭfen leslaḥ d sin n yimsulta i leknen belli muten , 50 nniḍen ttwajerḥen amur ameqqran deg-sen llan seg yiɣallen n laman (d imsulta) .Yiwen seg wid yettwanɣan d amawas di tmehla tamatut n yimsulta n temdint n Dakka d uxatar n yimsulta n Bannay . Kra n yijabuniyen d kra n yiṭelyaniyen ttwanɣan ula d nutni . Iserdasen n Banglasdec nnan-d belli 20 n wid yettwaṭṭefen yernu ttwanɣan llan akk d ibeṛṛaniyen .

## Wid itt-ixedmen
Daɛec oimiren ffɣen-d nnan-d d nutni i yxedmen tawaɣit agi
Idukal n Taɣis

**Idulkal n Taɣis** (s tutlayt tamajeq: **ⵢⴷⵓⴾⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵗⵢⵙ**) d yiwen n wedrar i d-yezgan di tezrart n Ayer deg ugafa n tmurt n Niǧer. Adrar-a yeflal (ɛlay) s wazal m 2022 s ufell n weswir n yilel.

## Tarakalt
Adrar-a yezga-d deg wenẓul n tezrart n yidurar n Ayer, deg yidurar n Bagzan ɣef tlisa n Arlit yakk d Čiṛuzirin.

## Aẓaṛ n yisem

## Tiwlafin

## Imniren
Emma n Saɛid U Muḥemmed

**Emma n Saɛid U Muḥemmed** s yisem n tmedyazt-ines **Ɛayca** , d tamedyazt yernu d tacennayt tafransist , tlul deg wass n 10 duǧember 1876 deg Fransa , temmut deg wass n 18 yulyu 1930 deg Paris . D jida-s n tcennayt yettwassnen Édith Piaf sɣur yemma-s . 

## Tameddurt
Emma n Saɛid U Muḥemmed tlul deg 1876, tufa-d imawlan-is d ixeddamen di ssirk , baba-s Saɛid U Muḥemmed (1827-1890) yella d akrubati (abahelwan) i yxeddmen deg sirk, ilul deg Mugadur di tmurt n Lmerruk (ideg llan ttidiren yiminigen id-yusan seg tmurt n Leqbayel deg Lezzayer). Imussnawen n umezruy ɛewqen deg yiẓuran-is kra qqaren-d belli d amaziɣ n Lmerruk wiyaḍ qqaren-d belli di Lmerruk kan i ylul maca d aqbayli (d amaziɣ si tmurt n Leqbayel id-yezgan deg Lezzayer),kra ttnaɣen ɣef talɣent-is tamerrukit wiyaḍ ɣef tezzayrit-is .Yemma-s d  Marguerite Bracco(1830-1898), tlul di Ṭṭelyan, ula d nettat d tabahlewanit .Saɛid U Muḥemmed d Marguerite Bracco zewǧen deg useggas n 1853, Marguerite tesɛa kraḍ n yessetma-s, snat seg-sent uɣen-t ibehlwaniyen imeṛṛukiyen d Anne akked Marie Elisabeth .

Ass mi meqqret Emma, tezweǧ d yiwen qqaren-as Eugène Maillard deg useggas n 1894, mi tella txeddemdi ssirk deg tmurt n Ṭṭelyan, aseggas umbeɛd deg useggas n 1895 sɛan-d taqcict isem-is Annetta Maillard, d tin ara yuɣalen tacennayt yettwassnen s yisem n Line Marsa, d nettat ara d-yesɛun umbeɛd Édith Piaf.

Deg yiseggasen n 1910, tedder Emma deg tmanaɣt n Fransa Paris, teǧǧa-as-d yelli-s Annetta i yellan d tigellilt, txuṣṣ-itt tezmert i usuṭeḍ yernu tḥemmel argaz nniḍen, yelli-s Édith Gassion ara yuɣalen umbeɛd d Piaf akken ad as-tt-id-rebbi, assmi id-yelḥeq wass n ubellez-ines d Emma "i ylulen s uɣara n Saɛid" i yellan d taɛerrabt-ines (d nettat itt-yuwin deg tcariḍt ɣer ubaṣan n ubellez akken id-yeqqar usɣan n tmasiḥit takatulikit) .Zgan qqaren-d ɣef Emma belli tella d tasejranit, leɛmer id-cleɛ akk deg yelli-s n yelli-s, ur tecliɛ ara deg tezdeg-ines tegra-d am netytat am yelli-s n yelli-s d tilexxaxin, tedder Édith deg lmizirya-agi i 18 n wayyuren imezzwura n tudert-is, uqbel ad tettunnefk i jida-s si baba-s i yellan d tanemhalt n uxxam n zzna ideg xeddmen tacmatt deg temnaḍt n Normandie .

Yemmut urgaz n Emma  Eugène Maillard deg 1912. Tɛawed zzwaǧ deg useggas n 1923 akked yiwen n useḍḍal qqaren-as Adolphe Louis Cornu (1867-1837).

Deg tazzwara n yiseggasen n 1920, tufa-d iman-is meqqret ur tezmir ara ad tecnu akken tella zik imi imesli-ines yettuɣal d amɣar, ɣef waya tuɣal d taqeddact i yxeddmen deg useyyeq, d tasekranit yernu d takeyyafit, temmut deg yulyu n useggas n 1930 s waṭan n la Tuberculose.
Iɣmaren

**Iɣmaren** (s tifinaɣ: **ⵉⵖⵎⴰⵔⵏ**) d yiwen n wezdar amaziɣ amesmud yettidiren di tama n Arrif deg ugafa n Umeṛṛuk.

Iɣmaren ttnegmin-d d akken ttilin-asen-d i yisusiyen, acku ttutlayt-nsen (taɣmart) tudes s waṭas ɣer tutlayt tasusit.

## Amezruy

## Tutlayt

## Iderman
Amqun n Iɣmaren yegber seg 9 n yiderman: 
* At Buzra (ttmeslayen s tmaziɣt)
At Grir (ttmeslayen taɛrabt)
At Xaled (ttmeslayen taɛrabt)
At Menṣur (ttmeslayen s tmaziɣt)
At Rezin (ttmeslayen taɛrabt)
At Selman (ttmeslayen taɛrabt)
At Smiḥ (ttmeslayen taɛrabt)
At Zyat (ttmeslayen taɛrabt)
At Zjil (ttmeslayen taɛrabt)

## Imniren
Line Marsa

**Annetta Giovanna Gassion** (id-ilulen s yisem n **Maillard** ;Livorno, 4 ɣuct 1895 - Paris, 6 furar 1945) d tacennayt tafransist i yettwassnen aṭas imi d nettat i d tayemmet n tcennayt tafransist i yettwassbnan aṭas Édith Piaf .

Gassion textar-d i yiman-is isem n umedyaz d **Line Marsa** ,tella d tacennayt deg yikabariten yernu d taceṭṭaḥt deg sirk . 

## Timẓi
Tlul s yisem **Annetta Giovanna Maillard**, di temdint n Livorno deg Ṭṭelyan, deg wass n 4 ɣuct 1895 i sin n yimawlan ifransisen i yemlalen deg sirk di Ṭṭelyan .Baba-s d Auguste Eugène Maillard,id-yusan si temnaḍt n Loire deg Fransa, yemma-s d Emma n Saɛid U Muḥemmed i yellan d yelli-s n Saɛid U Muḥemmed umi aẓar-is yekka-d seg tmurt n Leqbayel, ilul deg Mugadur di Lmerruk d Margherita Bracco i yellan d taṭelyanit .

## Tuddsa
Marsa tella d tacennayt d yiwetn tceṭṭaḥt di sirk, isem n tmedyazt-ines yusa-d seg La Marsa d yiwen n Lmerṣa id-yezgan di Tunes .Yenna-d mmi-s Herbert, belli tesɛa imesli am winna n yelli-s maca leɛmer i tessin rrbeḥ d tmussni .

## Tudert tazarugt
Deg 4 ctumber 1914, tezweǧ d Louis Alphonse Gassion, i yellan d acennay yernu d axeddam di sirk, deg useggas id-iteddeun, deg 19 duǧember, tesɛa-d yelli-s tamezzwarut Édith Giovanna, ara yettwassnen umbeɛd s yisem n Édith Piaf. Deg 31 ɣuct 1918, turew-d mmi-s wis sin Herbert. Tekker-d Édith ɣer yemma-s n Annetta: Emma, imi tella d tigellilt yernu ayefki-ines ur yenfiɛ ara yelli-s mi ara ad tessuṭṭeḍ yernu imi tḥemmel argaz nniḍen. Maca tettwakkes-as imi ur d-cliɛ ara deg-s ,fkan-tt i yemma-s n Louis Gassion i yellan d tannemhalt n yiwen n uxxam n zzna .

Annetta d Louis msebran deg 4 di yebrir 1929, qqaren-d kra belli ur teɛawed ara zzwaǧ, wiyaḍ qqaren belli tezweǧ d yiwen n uxeddam di tbanka i tella tḥemmel.

## Lmut
Line Marsa temmut deg 6 furar 1945 deg Paris, imi texdem tugar-tadwilt di lehyuf (overdose), ur temḍil ara deg tmeqbert n Père Lachaise ɣer tama n yelli-s Edith Piaf akken i as-xedmen i baba-s Louis-Alphonse Gassion.
At Ɛidel

**At Σidel** (s tifinaɣ ⴰⵜ ⵄⵉⴷⴻⵍ) d yiwen lɛerc aqbayli yezgan gar yidurar n Yiwannuɣen akk d Udrar n Tbabuṛt, deg usamar n Tmurt n Leqbayel tama n Asif Ɛebbas, di tmurt n Lezzayer.

Deg wakal n lɛerc-ayi i ttemlilen Asif n Saḥel akk d wasif n Busellam, deg yiwen umkan qqaren-as *Tasfart*, anda i yettlal Asif Asemmam, neɣ Asif Ɛebbas.

## Tarakalt

### Tiɣiwanin d tudrin n At Ɛidel
Zgan-d At Ɛidel deg usammar n temdint n Uqbu, deg ugafa n lɛerc n At Ɛebbas.

Yezger-iten Asif n Busellam. Sɛan di tlisa nsen deg unẓul At Ɛebbas, deg usammar At Yeɛdel d Wat Wertiren, deg ugafa At U-Mɛuc, Imula d Wat Yemmel, u deg umalu U-Zellagen d Illulen Usammar.

Deg-s tiɣiwanin n Tamuqra, Buḥemza, Amalu, Sedduq d kra n tudrin n Imsisen, deg ugezdu n Bgayet, rnu yiwet taddart n tɣiwant n Ilmayen, deg ugezdu n Berǧ Buɛririǧ.

Deg-s tudrin-ayi :

* Tamuqra, Butwab, Tasirra, Tuffirt, Tawrirt n Tizi Ɛidel d Tizi Ɛidel.
* Iɣil Aberkan (Buḥemza), Tuddar, Bujimeɛ, Tala Ɛebḍella, Tawrirt, Lxendeq, Tiɣilt, Taxlijt Iceɛcuɛen, Imeḥfuḍen, Tacewwaft, Tansawt, Ssaḥel, Tasfart, Bu-Mesɛud, Talɣemt, Iǧeddaren, Semɛa, Igemmunen, Ifiɣa, Tala Umḥawed, Tizi Uẓru, At Bṛahem akk d Buḥitem.
* Amalu, Iɣil Igenni, Taddart Wadda, At Ǧemhuṛ, Taxlijt, At Ǧeɛd, Tizi Lemneɛ, Timesririn, Busḥel, Ixercucen, Lakul, Tawrirt, Akurma, Tizi Uqdem, Iɣil n Tala, Tiɣermin, Bizyun Gribu, Tizi Larebɛa d Iseɛdunen.
* Taqaɛet, Tibuɛmucin, Bu-Yekni, Sedduq Wadda, Sidi Muffeq, Axnaq, Sedduq Ufella, Zunina d Iɣil n Ǧebbar.
*Adrar n Sidi Yidir.
*Amagaz, Tɣermin, Iɣul Uɛenter, Iɣil Mellulen.

## Muqel daɣen

* Sidi Yeḥya at Ɛidel

## Taɣbalut
At Ɛebbas

**At Ɛebbas** d yiwen lɛerc gar leɛrac n Tmurt n Leqbayel yellan deg usammar n wasif Ɛebbas (neɣ Asif Asemmam) deg yidurar n Yiwannuɣen, deg ugafa n Tmurt n Lezzayer. Leǧwad nsen, i umu qqaren At Meqqran, llan ṭṭfen zik-nni akk tama n unẓul n Bgayet.

Seg mi d-tennulfa Lqelɛa n At Ɛebbas di lqern 16 almi d unekcum n urumi, iqerra imeqqranen n At Ɛebbas llan akk seg ccetla n ugellid aḥefsi aneggaru n Bgayet, Abu-Lɛebbas Ɛebleɛziz. Aqerru aneggaru nsen d Ccix Lmeqqrani, yiwen seg yiqerra n ṭṭrad n 1871.

## Muqel daɣen

* Tagelda n At Ɛebbas.

## Tazmilt
Tamhilt n Jucwa

**Tamhilt n Jucwa** neɣ **tamhilt n tgellidt n Saba** d tamhilt i yeḍran deg 1985 sɣur udabu n Israyel i wakken ad awin azal n 800 n udayen iflacen seg Sudan ɣer-sen.

Nayeb n uselway n Yiwunak yeddukklen n Temrikt n yimiren George Bush ababt, iheyya-d akked "CIA" akkemmel n Temhilt n Musa ideg unagen 8000 n udayen ɣer Israyel, ayen akk id-yeggran seg udayen n Ityubya yugi-asen uselway n yimiren  Mengistu Haile Mariam ad ffɣen armi d tazɣen n 1991 ideg d-lla temhilt n Sliman.

Kra dɣa qqaren-d belli adabu n Mengistu tessashel Marikan d Israyel ɣelluy-ines imi yugi ad asen-id-iserreḥ i wudayen n Ityubya.
Tamhilt n Musa

**Tamhilt n Musa** ((tahibrut : **מִבְצָע מֹשֶׁה** (**Mivtza Moshe**)), tettusemma s yisem n nnbi Musa i yella deg Turah id-yessufɣen udayen seg tmurt n Ferɛun ɣer tmurt-nsen, d tamhilt gar yisserdasen n Israyel d CIA n Marikan, iheggan deg tmahalt n Marikan deg Xerṭum di Sudan, ɣer tama n kra n yiceffaren isudaniyen i wakken ad ssufɣen s tuffra ɣef udabu n Sudan udayen iflacen (udayen n Ityubya akken i asen-teqqar Israyel) id-irewlen ɣer Sudan seg laẓ i yeṭṭfen Ityubya deg 1984, bɣan ad ten-awin aklken ad idiren deg Israyel.

Segmi tebda deg 21 unbir 1984, tessexdem Irayel timsrafgin n turufdt akken ad d-awi azal n 8 000 n yimdanen ɣer-s armi d 5 yennayer 1985. Segmi yebda laẓ deg Ityubya, d igiman n udayen iflacen id-yunagen ɣer yigiṭunen n wid id-irewlen ɣer Sudan ɣef ḍar. Azal n 4 000 i yemmuten deg terwalin-agi. Di tazzwara yeɛmed Sudan i Israyel akken ad tent-awi ɣur-s imi Marikan teḥreṣ iten-id ùaca timura tiɛrabin ur qbilent ara ay-a dɣa Sudan tuɣal deg wawal-is. Ihi azal n 1 000 n udayen i yeqqimen dinna, amur ameqqran deg-sen unagen deg tmahilt n Jucwa i texdem Marikan. Ugar n wagim n warrac imecṭaḥ ufan-d iman-nsen ferrqen ɣef twaculin-nsen id-yeggran deg Tefriqt armi d tamhilt n Sliman id-yuwin ayen akk id-yeggran seg yiflacen ɣer Israyel.
Sel-iyi-d

**Sel-iy-id** d tanfust taterkit id-yessuffeɣ Ɛli Balǧi d usnulfu n Meqbula Kusef, iɛedda-d uḥric-is amezzwaru deg wass n 7 di yulyu 2022. Deg-s iwudam igejdanen tturaren-ten yimruraren-agi:  Berk Hakman, Eǧa Kunkeli (Ege Kökenli), Rabiɛa Suyturk (Rabia Soytürk) d Ǧaner Topču (Caner Topçu).

## Aɛeddi

## Iḥricen

## Agzul
Tbeddu teqsiḍt deg yiwet n lḥuma deg Isṭanbul, tameddakelt n uwudem agejdan unti "ikim" iwumi qqaren "Lila/Leyla" tḥuza-tt tsunayt, win i tt-inehren yella yeffer aqadum-is, LIla tuɣ-itent deg yiḍarren-is tuɣal ur tezmir ara ad telḥu, mi tella deg usegnaf yella yiwen seg warraw n lḥuma iwumi qqaren Xalil yeṭṭafar tasunayt-nni yufa-tt tekcrm ɣer daxel n tsennawit n yinelmaden inesbaɣuren (d tinna dɣa i d-rbeḥ Lila azref n unekcum-is ɣur-s; ella theyya iman-is uqbel ad s-teḍru twaɣit-agi", imiren ara tebdu teqsiḍt n tenfust-agi yeččuren d isastanen ɣef akk wayen i yeḍran yakan.
Isarazniyen

**Isarazniyen** neɣ **Isarasniyen** d isem i yettunnefkan deg yiseggasen ilemmasen sɣur yimezdaɣ n Turuft i yimdanen i yeṭṭafaren asɣan n tneslemt. Qqaren-asen daɣen "Iɛraben" (Imi imiren ammas n tneslemt llan d iɛraben) , "Imuḥammadiyen" (Ɣef yisem n yimceyyeɛ Muḥemmed),"Ismaɛiliyen" (Imi imceyyeɛ Muḥemmed d yiɛraben si d dderya n yimceyyeɛ Yesmaɛil) neɣ daɣen "Ihaǧeriyen" (d tirrin ɣer Haǧer tameṭṭut tis snat n yimceyyeɛ Yebrahim sɣur d-ilul Yesmaɛil baba-s n yiɛraben). Snulfan-asen-d daɣen ismawen-nniḍen akka am "Imuriyen", i yettarran ɣer yimaziɣen d yiɛraben n Tefriqt n Ugafa ardekal anekcum n tneslemt ɣur-s. Ismawen n "tneslemt" d "yinselmen" llan ulac-iten deg Turuft n tallit-nni, akken ad mmeslayen ɣef yinselmen llan sexdamen awalen*agi ma d akken ad bedren tineslemt qqaren-d "ccariɛa n yisaraziyen".
Afixay Aderɛi

**Afixay Aderɛ**i (taɛibrit: **אביחי אדרעי**, taɛrabt: **أفيخاي أدرعي**; ilul di 1982) d aɣella deg yiserdasen n tmurt n Israyel, yettwassen belli d netta i d win yettmesslayen s talɣa tunṣibt s yisem n yiserdasen israyliyen i tiliẓri d yiɣmisen iɛraben, imi yessen ad yemmeslay taɛrabt yernu yesɛa tirgwa deg akk tismettiyin yettwassen aṭas deg umaḍal aɛrab. Netta yesɛa iẓuran n udayen n Lɛiraq d Surya d Tturk.

## Tudert
Ilul adreɛi deg 1982 di Ḥifa. Lejdud-is si yemma-s unagen-d seg tmurt n Lɛiraq, ma d jida-s seg tama n baba-s tunag-d seg tmurt n Tturk, ma d jedd-is (amaraw-is) sɣur tama n baba-s ilul-d deg uwanek n Falesṭin i tella teḥkem tgelda yedduklen uqbel ad tkecmen wudayen seg yal amḍiq deg umaḍal. Yelmed deg uɣerbaz n Riyali aɛibri deg Ḥifa. Mi d-igerr iman-is akken ad yiuɣal d win yettmeslayen s talɣa tunṣibt s yisem n yiserdasen n I srayel, yexdem di tazzwara deg tewḥidt tis 8200 deg leqdic n tiḥḥerci mi yuli deg tseddarin-is deg useggas-is wis 22, yettunnefka-as uxeddim-is n tura -d aqerru n umḍiq aɛrab i yettmeslayen s talɣa tunṣibt s yisem n yiserdasen israyeliyen s utbaɛ n nnfaq gar Israyel d Ɣazza i yekkren imiren. Syin yerna deg ulmud-is ugar. Deg Unbir 2018 yuɣal yuli akter di tṣeddarin-is n userdas.

He has been in his current position since 2005, and since then has been interviewed hundreds of times on various Arab television channels, such as Al Jazeera. Adraee is considered a familiar figure in the Arab world, and in addition to his activity on Arab television, he runs accounts on social media.

Yeṭṭef amḍiq-is seg useggas n 2005, seg yimiren yeɛedda-d ugar n yiwet n tikkelt deg waṭas n tiliẓriwat tiɛrabin. Akka am tin akk yettwassnen aṭas: Targa n Lǧazira (Al Jazeera). Yuɣal wudem n Aderɛi yettwulef sɣur wid yettabaɛen isallen deg umaḍal aɛrab, yesɛa aṭas n tregwa deg ttawilat n tesmettiyin.
Adrar n Seɣru

**Adrar n Ṣeɣru** yella di ugmuḍ n Aṭlas ameẓyan, tamnaḍt-a deg-s aṭṭas n imukan n ugama yebhan s waṭas di temanḍt-a, deg-s taddagin n yisiɣid d imendi d tezdayin d iblaḍen di mkul amkan. Imezdaɣ ineṣliyen bnan  yiwen uglmam azegza yeɣzzifen s cḥal n ikilumiṭren.

Adrar n ṣeɣru deg-s anezwu aneẓraf. Taskfelt n terɣi da tebddel s waṭas, da ttawḍ ar 6-9 deg tegrest, ar 27 d 30 n teskfelt deg unebdu, tiskfal n terɣi ttawḍen-t ar 50 n teskflt.

Yettwassen ṣaɣru s temanaɣt n teqbilt tamaziɣt si At ɛeṭṭa، yiwet si teqbilin yettwanɣan mgal ankcam afransis i lemɣrib.
Asif n Ifis

**Asif n ifis** neɣ **Asif unfis** d yiwen n yiɣzer yellan di tama n Meṛṛakec-Asafi deg ugafa utrim n tgelda n Umeṛṛuk, Iɣzer-a yezga-d deg ugemmaḍ azelmaḍ n wasif n Tansift, yaggug (yebɛed) s wazal n 30 km ɣef utaram n temdint n Amurakuc. 

## Ikalan

## Imuɣlen

## Imniren
* Asif n Gigu
* Asif n wansifen
* Asif n Tansift
Jack aqettal

**Jack aqettal** (s tenglizit : **Jack the Ripper**) d isem i yettunnefkan i yiwen uqettal s uɛiwed ur neẓri ara d anwa-t, i yenɣan aṭas n yimdanen deg temnaḍt n Whitechapel deg Lundun tamanaɣt n Legliz  deg useggas n 1888. Isem-agi mazal-it ɣer ass-a ulac win yessnen bab-is d ayen id-yefkan tikti i tidmi n waṭas n yimyura i wakken ad t-sxedmen deg waṭas n tmucuha-nsen seg yimiuren armi d ass-a.

Isem d uɣara n uqettal, nnekwa-ines, mazal ar assa ulac win iteny-yeẓran, iban-d yisem-agi n Jack i ubrid amezzwaru deg tebrat n  « Dear Boss », i yettwaceyyɛen i ubrid amezzwaru i uɣmis. Yuɣal yettwasexdem s waṭas deg yiɣmisen n yimiren imi bab-is yenɣa arṭas n yimdanen yernu yella yettaru ɣef tfekka n yal yiwen isem n Jack the ripper (Jack aqettal). Imsulta d yiɣmisen uwḍent-ten-id aṭas  tebratin i yesɛan assaɣ d temsalt-agi. Inadiyen, ufan-d belli d atgi d tamsalt i yzegren timura yernu teḥwaj ambadel deg yisallen i wakud ɣezzifen.

Deg ctumber d tuber 1888, yeffeɣ wawal belli aṭas n temsalin n lmut yellan deg Whitechapel tesɛa assaɣ d tiyaḍ, semmus seǧsent banent belli n Jack aqettal d tid n lmut n: Mary Ann Nichols, Annie Chapman, Elizabeth Stride, Catherine Eddowes et Mary Jane Kelly. Imi liḥalat n lmut agi sɛant aṭas n taktiwin kif-kif-itent d waṭas n wagazen yettemcabin. Di tazzwara llant akk d lfergat yernu yella ineqq-itent deg tama n wadda n Lundun . Sɛant akk tamgerḍt igezmen uqbel ad asent-isexṣer iɛebbuḍen-nsent s ujenwi. Asuffeɣ n yiḥricen si daxel n tfekka i wugar n kraḍ seg wid yenɣa yessebgen-d belli Jack aqettal yella yessen kra n taktiwin deg tussna n ucelleḥ, ayen id-yemmalen belli tikti tṣeḥḥa mi yufa yiwen seg yixeddamen deg Whitechapel Vigilance Committee, tabrat deg tuber n 1888, isem-is seg Ǧahennama « From Hell » ɣer tama-s tella tegẓelt iban-d umbeɛd belli tella i yiowen seg wid i yenɣa.

Ɣef way-a imi wid akk yettwanɣan mmuten kif kif yernu mebla rreḥma cukken meddden d yiwen i ten-yenɣan isem-is Jack aqettal, imi ur d-ufin ara tiririt uɣalen medden ttaran ɣer umezruy d ufulklur i wakken ad afen sexdamen yimussnawen awal ripperology i wakken ad lemden liḥalat n tmenɣiwt i yexdem Jack aqettal deg wid yenɣa.
Asif n Tansift

**Asif n Tansift** d yiwen n wasif i d-itekken seg wegni n Lḥuz deg ugafa utrim n Umeṛṛuk. Ittazzal ɣef teɣzi n250 km, aɣbalu-ines yella di tama n Tansift deg usamar n Waṭlas Ameqran.

Deg webrid-is, itekk-d seg ugafa n Tizi n Ticka, sin akin itekk-d zdat n temdint n Amurakuc send ma ad mmiren waman-is deg Ugaraw Anaṭlas n temdint n Aguz.

## Ikalan

## Imuɣlen

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Asif n Gigu
* Asif n wansifen
Lqiṣt n sin yeɣyal

Lqist n sin yeɣyal:👌

Di zman n zikk  yeṭṭef yiwen ufellaḥ sin yeɣyal ، yiwen wass yerra ad yeḥmmal ɣef uɣyul amezwaru kra n tisent, d uɣeyul wis sin kra n iṭbsilen. 

Bdan yeɣyal umeẓen abrid n tewda d wayen usin .. di wammas ubrid yeḥess uɣyul bu tisent yeṛmmiy acku tisent yussi teẓẓay fella-s , maca aɣyul bu iṭebsilen yefṛḥ  acku yefssus uḥemmal nnes . Aɣyul bu tisent yifad yakkin deg yiwet temda n waman yellan tama n ubrid , asemi d yeffeɣ   si temda yḥuss belli aḥemmal yefessus  ، acku tebsi fellas tisent yussi ، yessfrḥit aṭṭas,   aɣyul bu yiṭbsilen yeẓera-tt yefreḥ yerra ula netta ad yukki ,  maca amukris nnes yemɣar asmi yḥuss belli yeṭbsilen kcemen deg-sen waman . 

*lfayda n lqiset ...
 Ayen yfiden wiyaḍ yezmer ak ur ifayed  .
Imenɣi amezzwaru gar Legliz d Afɣanistan

**Imenɣi amezzwaru gar Legliz d Afɣanistan** yebda deg 1839 yekfa deg 1984 deg-s teɛreḍ tgelda yedduklen ad tesseɣli Afɣanistan deg tallit n wurar ameqqran id-yellan gar-as akked Rrus ɣef umenkud ara iseeɣlin amur ameqqran n tmura deg Asya. Tfukk s rrbeḥ n Afɣanistan.

## Timental timazzranin
Yextar-d udabu n Lhend yiwen n uɣalla-ines qqaren-as Alexander Burnes, i yettmesslayen tutlayin n Urdu d Dari akken ilaq lḥal (tutlayin n ugdud n Afɣanistan d Pakistan) yernu yessen aṭas seg tutlayt tabactunit (tutlayt n yiwen ugdud yettidiren gar Iran, Afɣanistan d Pakistan) akken ad iwali liḥala n tsertit deg Kabul. Tedda yid-s terbaɛt meẓẓiyen, yeqqim dinna acḥal n tikal seg 1836 ar 1838. Iserdasen yusa-ten-id Lamer i wakken ad kecmen ɣer Afɣanistan  macci akken yella yebɣa Burnes, i wakken ad ɣeḍlen agellid n Afɣanistan n yimiren Dust Muḥemmed (Dost Mohammed ), i yellan d aɛdaw-nsen sersen deg wadeg-is ageldun aqbur i wumi yettwakkes leḥkem Cah Cuǧa. Kecmen yebriṭaniyen Kabul deg ɣuct n 1839. Cah Cuǧa yuɣal yettnusu deg teɣremt yellan deg leswar n Bala Ḥisaar.

## Tidyanin n yimenɣi

Liḥala ur teɛǧib ara agdud aɣelnaw ur neḥmil ara inembaḍen iberraniyen. Tekkezr tegrawal ɣef ufus n Wazir Akbar Xan, mmi-s n Dust Muḥemmed. Yettwanɣa Burnes i yuɣalen d immetel n umenkud abriṭani deg wass n 2 unbir 1841 akked yiɛeggalen n terbaɛt-is. Fɣen yinglizen seg Kabul deg yennayer 1842. Yerwel uzal n 16 500 n yimdanen (gar-asen 4 500 n yiserdasen d 12 000 nniḍen seg twaculin-nsen d wid i asen-yettilin) ɣer Jalalabad . Maca akken ma llan ttwanɣan akk neɣ ttwaṭṭfen deg tnegluft n Gandamak imi imdanen mazal tassa-nsen terɣa ɣef ucengu-agi. Yiwen kan id-yuɣalen d amuddir d amejjay Wiliam Brydon. Ma d Cah Cuǧa yettwanɣa deg 5 yebrir 1842.

Igliziyen llan bɣan ad rren mliḥ ttaṛ. Snat n trebbaɛ tibriṭaniyin kecment Afɣanistan seg waṭas n tnillatin deg unebdu n 1842. Ṭṭfen Kabul deg ctumber. Ufan-d kra seg widak yettwaṭṭfen deg yennayer. Maca imi mazal reffu deg wulawen-nsen yefka uɣella Pollock lamer iwakken ad serɣen agadez n Kabul maca bdan yigduden iɣelnawen tigrawliwin dɣa imir imir fɣen-d seg Afɣanistan yuɣal-d Dust Muḥemmed ɣer unbaḍ armi d lmut-is deg 1863.

## Igemmaḍ
Terwi liḥala mi bdan warraw n Duyst Muḥemmed amennuɣ ɣef leḥkem yekker nnfdaq n daxe'l irusiyen zeḍmen-d seg ugafa ma d ifarisiyen seg umazlu ibriṭaniyen llan ḥtaren ma d kecmen aḥric n usammer n Faɣanistan neɣ ad ɛiwnen tuffɣa n tmurt tilellit. Di taggara anembaḍ n Kabul Yeɛqub Xan i iɣeḍlen baba-s Cir Ɛli mmi-s n Muḥemmed Dust azref n uceyyeɛ n terbaɛt tadiblumasit ɣer Kabul i wakken ad ili talwxit akked yirusiyen yessewsaɛen akter d wakter. Ferḍn yinglizen fella-s lɛehd n Gandumak deg 26 mayu 1879 i yettaken i yibriṭaniyen azref n leqdic deg tsertit n Afɣanoistan d tmura toiberraniyin ma d lamir ad yesɛu lǧehd s daxel n tmura yella deg tlisa ara yettwasunnɣen iwayen ara yuɣalen tura d Afɣanistan.