open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Izem amaziɣ

**Izem amaziɣ** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Panthera leo leo*) d yiwet n tedfert n yizmawen inegren deg uzɣar (lexla) deg iseggasen imezwura n tasut tis 20, Izem amaziɣ yella yettidir deg Tefrikt n ugafa llan wid id yeqqaren d akken izem amaziɣ yenger yakk deg useggas n 1940 maca kra n yizmawen llan zeddiɣ (mazal) ttidiren deg kra n telmatin n iɣersiwen d isirken 

Izem amaziɣ iga d netta yakk id tadfert tameqrant n yizmawen s wazuk n 180 ar 270 kg (ɣer iwetmen) d 100 ar 180 kg (ɣer twetmin) ayen yettaǧǧan ableɣ-is yudes (teqreb) ar ubleɣ n weksel igan d netta yakk i d aɣersiwameqran deg twacult n tserɣuda, Maca llan kra n imusnawen id yeqqaren d akken ableɣ-is n tidet iga annect n win n tdefrin yettidiren deg unẓul n tneẓruft
Ilew n tmazɣa

**Ilew n Tmazɣa** neɣ **Ilew n Tefriqt ugafa** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Loxodonta africana pharaoensis**) d yiwet n tedfert n ilew n imudaɣ, akken daɣen i ttwalin kran imusnawen d akenn tadfert-a d tilellit ɣef tiyyad. Ilew-a yella yettidir deg yakk Tafriqt n Ugafa armi dayen yenger di tallit n tnaya n umenkud arumani. Iluten-a d wid-a isxedmen  iqertajen deg imsenɣiwen ipuniken mgal ignan iṛumiyen.

## Aglam
Asugnalus aqerṭaj (am yidrimen n tallit nni) d akken ilew n tmazɣa yella meẓẓiy anda addud-is ar tuyat 2,5 m. Ma d imeẓẓaɣ-is meqqr-it, Ahat daɣen yella ameli ugar n tdefrin n iden ɣef wannect-a yezmer ad yili yettwagrad 

## Amezruy-is d wassaɣ yakk d ufgan

## Taluft n usismel

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Ilew
* Ilew n imudaɣ
* Ilew n Asya
Ursu n waṭlas

**Ursu n waṭlas** (neɣ **Aɣelɣal** akken is-ssemman imaziɣen n zik),  (Assaɣ ussnan: *Ursus arctos crowtheri*) d talmest n ursuten arasen yella yettidir deg idurar n waṭlas (seg Tunes ar Lezzayer ar Ameṛṛuk) send ma ad yenger seg zik, Llan wid id yeqqaren d akken ursu aneggar n telmest-a yettwagmar deg iseggasen n 70 n tsut yezrin deg idurar n rrif id yezgan deg ugafa n Umeṛṛuk

## Asismel

## Amezruy

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Ursu amellal
* Ursu Aberkan
* Ursu
Ursu aras

**Ursu aras** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Ursus arctos*) d talmest n ursuten yettidiren deg Uruppa d Asya d Marikan n ugafa (akken daɣen tella yiwet n telmest tettidir deg Tefrikt n ugafa isem-is ursu n waṭlas maca tura tenger), Ursu aras yezmer ad yazen gar 300 ar 780 kg, Dɣa tadulmest tameqrant yakk n telmest-a d ursu n Kodiak iy zemren ad yaweṭ ar wazuk n ursu amellal igan d aɣersiw ameqran yakk deg twacult n ursuten d iɣersiwen imseksumen iy teddun deg tegnit (lqaɛa) 

## Aẓayer d waddad n taggaẓt
Ɣas akken anfufed n ursu aras idrus maca maca tiddukla tagreɣlant i taggaẓt n tgama tessers-it d akken-it d talmest ur tettwaggez, Acku amdan n ursuten yellan deg umadal yakk yessaweṭ ar 200,000 n ursuten azal ameqran deg-sent ttidiren deg Rusya d Alaska d Kanada d idurar n Karapat (deg wamur yeṭṭafaren Rumanya) 

## Aglam
Ursuten arasen d iɣersiwen imeqranen d icafcalen. Tifekkiwin-nsen ččuren d acebbub yirna ẓẓay-it, Deg tuyat-is lan (sɛan) kra n iɣes yecban ameddis, ikacbaren-is ɣezzif-it mesden ayen is-yettaken tezmert i tɣuzi 

## Tidulmas

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Ursu Aberkan
* Ursu n waṭlas
Asugnalus

**Asugnalus** neɣ **Frisku** d yiwet n talɣa n tẓuri dgi tettusexdem walus i wselleɣ (i wlebbes) n Wallis neɣ n ugadir

## Amezruy

## Tiwlafin

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Tasukka

**Tasukka** neɣ **Timezgert** d tiski (lbenyan) yettwasxedmen i wezgar seg yideg ar wayedṭ Mara ad yili gar-asen ayen yejjinin am wasif, Tisukka ttwaxdamen-t s uxmir arbab d unfed d tengiwin n iden am wesɣaṛ, Tasukka tla (tesɛa) azal meqqren deg tuqqna n idgan isufen (yettuɛezlen) 

## Amezruy

## Asexdem

## Tilmas n tsukka

## Tisukka deg Tmurt Taqbaylit

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Aɣilas amaziɣ

**Aɣilas amaziɣ** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Panthera pardus panthera*) d adu-telmest n uɣilas yettidiren deg ugafa n Tefrikt n ugafa deg idurar n Aṭlas

## Addad d uẓayer
Aɣilas Amaziɣ d aɣersiw yettwaggzen s umihi n wengar s tseddaṛt tafellayt acku ahat anagar n 200 n iɣilasen id yegran ttidiren deg usamar n Lezzayer d idurar n Umeṛṛuk

## Aglam
Aɣilas amaziɣ meẓẓiy ɣef uɣilas n Tefrikt maca tafekka-ynes teččur ugar-is 

## Učči
Aɣilas amaziɣ d aɣersiw amseksum iy tetten  iddew d izerzer d temlalin d kra n iɣersiwen meẓẓiyen 

## Aɣilas amaziɣ deg yidles Aqbayli d Umaziɣ

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Aɣilas
* Aɣilas
Amlal

**Amlal** neɣ **Tamlalt** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Gazella*) d aɣersiw asuṭad yettidiren deg tneẓruft n Tefrikt n ugafa d Savana n Tefrikt d tneẓruft n unẓul utrim n Asya, Tettwassen s teẓli (ccebaḥa) d tfessi d tazla

## Idgan n tudert
Llant wazal n 15 n telmas n umlal ttidiren-t deg tjumma meqqren deg Tefrikt d Asya, Kra deg-sent ttidiren-t deg idurar maca amur ameqran yettidir deg tneẓrufin 

## Aglam
Amlal ila (yesɛa) allen meqqr-it ɣezzif-it, ɣures acciwen d ileqqaqen (ama ɣer uwtem neɣ Tawtemt), asallaf-is meẓẓiy-it 

## Addad d uẓayer

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Aṭlas alemmas

**Aṭlas alemmas**, (s tmaziɣt n waṭlas: **Aṭlas anammas**, **ⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ**) d tazrart n idurar yeddan deg tlemmast n umur agafay n tmurt n Umeṛṛuk, Tilisa-ynes n unẓul qqnen-t yakk d waṭlas ameqran ma deg ugafa tẓuni (tefreq) ɣef idurar n Arrif s s tsukt n Taza d wegni n Sayes, Tazrart-a tejba ɣef temdint n Fas ayen yeǧǧan sin n isuka ayi d idgan n wezgar gar usamar d umalu n Umeṛṛuk

## Tarakalt
Azal meqqren n isafen n Umeṛṛuk d wid id itt-kken seg idurar-a am wasif n Gigu d Wansifen d wasif n melwalt d wasif n iregragen dɣa idurar-a gan d amafar ameqran n waman yakk deg Tefrikt n ugafa, Idurar-a ttugezmen ar sin n imuren, Amur agmudan addud-is yugar 3000 m, d umur utrim addud-is gar n 1000 d 2000 m. Amur ameqran n imezdaɣ-is d imaziɣen ttidiren s tkessawt n teksa yakk d tmekrazt (tafellaḥt) 

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Tafilalt

**Tafilalt** (s tifinaɣ: **ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ**) d yiwet n temnaṭ tamezrayt i d-yezgan deg unẓul asemran n Tgelda n Umeṛṛuk, Deg-s aṭas n imedwen, Tafilalt d yiwet n temnadt ilan (yesɛan) azal meqqren deg umezruy n Umeṛṛuk.

## Aẓaṛ n yisem

## Amezruy

## Tadamsa

## Timetti

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Adrar n Sirwa

**Adrar n Sirwa** (s tifinaɣ: **ⴰⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵙⵉⵔⵡⴰ**) d yiwen n wedrar deg Umeṛṛuk iy tt-qqnen gar waṭlas ameqran d waṭlas ameẓyan, Adrar-a iga d isawen (lejyub) ifarnawen deg waddud yeflalen anda id tt-binen imenẓaẓen d iberkanen, Sirwa iga d ifsayen n ufarnu amnissi yettuɣalen ar tallit tamyusint.

## Anezwu
Ageffur id yetteɣlayen deg teɣzi n useggas deg wedrar n Sirwa d ayen yedrusen. Ur izerri ara i 400 mm, acku yezga-d deg yiwet n tama yudsen (iqerben) i tneẓruft, Maca deg isekiwen yeflalen yettili-d wedfel d usemmiṭ aladɣa deg tegrest.

## Imezdaɣ
Imezdaɣ n tamiwin-a d imaziɣen n Sus ttidiren s tmekrazt (tafellaḥt) anda teẓẓun irden d timẓin d uzɣer ma d tullas zeṭṭent tiṛakniwin sin akin zznuzayen-tent deg ulzuz n *Teznaxt*.

## Tamerrit

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tafilalt
* Imlil
Abareɣ azeggaɣ

**Arraɣ** neɣ **Abareɣ azeggaɣ** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Vulpes vulpes**) d yiwet n telmest n iburaɣ yeṭṭafaren tafesna n temseksumin tettwassen s umata s yisem n **ubareɣ**
Arraɣ d aɣersiw amseksum yenfufden s waṭas yakk deg umadal acku yettili deg Alaska d Kanada d umur ameqran n Iwunak Yeddukklen n Temrikt ar Miksik d Turuft d Tefrikt n ugafa d wazal ameqran n Asya akken daɣen id t-issekcem ufgan ar Ustṛalya deg tsut tis 19, Aṭas seg iɣersiwen-a ttwagerden i lmend n weglim-nsen yettusxedmen deg tmugri n ikebbuṭen

## Aglam
Arraɣ iga d talmest tameqrant yekk gar telmas n iburaɣ yeṭṭafaren tawsit n tburaɣ (Vulpes) anda an amawaṭ yezmer wazuk-is ad yiweṭ seg 2,7 ar 6,8 kg maca azuk yemgarad seg temnaṭ ar tayedt acku irraɣen n Kanada d Alaska ttilin ugar n wid n Marikan d Uruppa d Tefrikt n ugafa, S umata iwetmen ugaren tiwetmin s wazal n 15% deg wazuk

Ini n warraɣ s umata yettili d azeggaɣ deg tfekka-ynes tafellayt. Ma d idis-is yakk d taggara n usallaf-is ttilin d imellalen 

## Tikeli

## Amyaraw

## Agmar

## Tidefrin

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Aṛekka
* Taydiyyin
* Uccen
Tutlayin tilatinin

**Tutlayin tilatiniyin** d afurk n tutlayin tiṭaliqin. Zik, tutlayt talatinit tettubeddel deg mukll tamnaḍt anda tettwameslay, tuɣal d tintaliwin, tintaliwin-nni uɣalent d tutlayin.
## Tiwelhiwin
Aṭlas ameẓyan

**Aṭlas ameẓyan** (s tifinaɣ: **ⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⴻⵥⵢⴰⵏ,** s tasusit: **Aṭlas mẓẓiyn**) d azrar n idurar id yezgan deg unẓul utrim n Umeṛṛuk gar n waṭlas ameqran d Sus yakk d Tfilalt, Tazrart-a teṭṭafar amur ameṛṛuki n idurar n waṭlas anda llan 3 n Ifurken (Aṭlas ameqran, Aṭlas alemmas d waṭlas ameẓyan), Taqacuct yeflalen yakk deg tezrart-a d Adrar n Sirwa s waddud n 3304 m.

## Tarakalt

### Idruar imqqran

* Adrar n Sirwa (3300 m)
* Adrar n Lkest (2374 m)
* Adrar Mqquren (2400 m)
* Adrar n Azɣaɣ (2080 m)
* Adrar n Tasselt (2000 m)

## Amezruy

## Imezdaɣ
Imzdaɣ n idurar n waṭlas ameẓyan d imaziɣn isusiyn isawalen s tutlayt tacelḥit. Walan i taqbilt n Iguzulen lli yumẓen idɣaren n idurar n waṭlas ameẓyan akk. 

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Adrar n Winisedrar
Tafrawt (taddart)

**Tafrawt** (s tifinaɣ: **ⵜⴰⴼⵔⴰⵡⵜ**) d tamdint meẓẓiyen id yezgan deg idurar n waṭlas ameẓyan deg tmurt n Umeṛṛuk teggug (tebɛed) azal n 180 km ɣef temdint n Agadir tamenrawt (tamanaɣt) n Tama n Sus, Tamdint-a tga d tamenrut n waṭlas amezyan tezga-d deg yiwen n yideg id tt-yeǧǧan teddem azal yifen tuddar n iden. Zedɣen-t wazal n 10,000 n imezdaɣ yakk nsen (neɣ tuget gar-asen) d imaziɣen

## Tadamsa

## Tamerrit

## Amezruy

## Tiwlafin

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Tiɣrasen
Aɣecter

**Aɣecter** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Vulpes zerda**) d yiwet ger telmas n iburaɣ yettidiren deg uneẓruf ameqran n Tefrikt n ugafa yakk d kra n yideggan deg tzunegzirt Taserɣint.
Llan kra n imusnawen n tesnudert iy ssesmilen aɣecter d tawsit tasimant (Fennecus), maca imusnawen niden ssesmilen-t deg tewsit n tburaɣ (*Vulpes*), dɣa d asesmel-a aneggaru i d amaddud.

## Aglam
Iɣecter d aɣersiw meẓẓiyen yakk deg twacult-is (taydiyyin, anda azuk-is ur yugar ara 1,5 kg, ma d tiddi-ines alamma d tuyat 20 cm. Ma d teɣzi n tfekka-ines 40 cm. Asallaf-is 25 cm, Imeẓẓuɣen n iɣecter d wid igan meqqer-it yakk ɣef wid-ak n taydiyyin niden, acku teɣzi-nsen ttawaṭ ɣer 15 cm. Ayen id t-ittallen  deg twakksa n weẓɣal yernan ɣef tfekka-ines mi ara ad zrin idammen seg yimigen n idammen yellan s waṭas deg umeẓẓuɣ n iɣecter. Akken daɣen i d-tettallen deg tmesliwt n tgemrawin-is.
Ini n weglim n iɣecter d awraɣ am yijdi ayen id s-yettaken asengel deg twennaṭ anda yettidir.

## Ansayen d tudert
Iɣecter yettidir deg wengu ɣezzifen yettwaɣzen ar 10 n imitren yal angu ttidiren dges aṭas n iɣectren ɣef anect-a iga d netta i d talmest tamyiwent deg taydiyyin yettidiren deg tegrawin, Yal tagrawt dges awtem d kra n twetmin maca deg kra n wakuden yettidir yakk d twetmin ugar n yiwen n uwtem i wakken ad aggẓen (ad ḥedden ɣef) tagrawt, Maca iwtmen ayi isennawen ttwazraben seg tegrawt mi ara ad bberbren.

## Učči
Iɣecter d aɣersiw aramma, Armud-is yettidil deg iṭ anda iy gemmer timseɣẓaẓ am iɣeṛdayen d idwa yakk d iburɣas d tzermemmuyin d iylalen akk d tmellalin-nsen, Maca tuget deg-sen tetten imɣan am igumma d iẓuran.

## Amyaraw
Tawtemt tessuddus (tessewjad) iman-is i wmercel s ukessel n uzagur-is ɣef uwtem id tferren s iman-is, awtem agejdan yezmer ad immircal yakk d waṭas n twetmin ma d awtem asennay yettmircal anagar d yiwet n tewtemt neɣ tikwal ur yettmircal ara yakk, Tasemhuyt n umercel yettili-d gar n Yennayer d Meɣres, Seld n Tadist yettaṭafen azal n 52 n wussan tettarew-d tewtemt 5 n ikzan (ameẓyan n uɣecter), Dɣa tawtemt tettarew yiwet n tikkelt deg useggas maca llant tikwal dgi id tettarew snat n tikkal deg useggas.

## Agrad n iɣecter
Iɣecter iga d talmest tamyiwent n iburaɣ i yezmer ufgan ad tyig d aɣersiw amegrud maca ur tessegraden ara s tarrayt tummidt am yimcac d iṭan.

## Iɣecter deg umezruy alsan d yidles

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Abareɣ
Ɛeẓrayen

**Ɛeẓrayen** (s tɛebrit *ɛazarʾēl*) d lmelk n lmut deg Lislam akked d kra n leɛwayed ɣur udayen. Awal n Ɛeẓrayen s teqbaylit yekka-d aẓar-is seg taɛrabt: عزرائيل, awal aɛrab yekka-d aẓar-is seg tɛebrit: עֲזַרְאֵל‎, lmeɛna-ines: lemɛiwna n rebbi.
Tiburaɣ

**Tiburaɣ** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Vulpes*) d yiwet n tewsit n taydiyyin yettidiren deg waṭas n yidgan deg umadal, Tawsit-a dges azal n 12 n telmas i yettwassnen yakk deg-sent d abareɣ azeggaɣ yakk d ubareɣ asafaylu. S wassaɣ ɣer iṭan d iɣas d ikayuten, tiburaɣ ttwassnen-t d akken-iten meẓẓiy-it fell-asen, azuk-nsent yettili-d gar n 5 ar 11 kg, Akken daɣen yettili yini n usallaf-nsent yemgarad ɣef yini n tfekka, Ttidiren-t gar n sin ar kuẓ n iseggasen maca llant telmas zemren-t ad ddren-t ar mṛaw (10) n iseggasen 

## Tilmas
* Arraɣ
* Aṛekka 
* Aɣecter

The Arctic fox is sometimes included in this genus as *Vulpes lagopus* based on the definitive mammal taxonomy list, as well as genetic evidence.

Foxes of this group (including the fennec and Arctic foxes) possess eyes with pupils that retract into vertical slits in bright light.

The red fox, Ruppell's fox, and Tibetan sand fox  possess white-tipped tails. The Arctic fox's tail-tip is of the same color as the rest of the tail (white or blue-gray) Blanford's fox usually possesses a black-tipped tail, but a small number of specimens (2% in Israel, 24% in the United Arab Emirates) possess a light-tipped tail. The other foxes in this group (Bengal, Cape, corsac, fennec, kit, pale, and swift) all possess black-tipped or dark-tipped tails.
Smyrnium

## Tilmas
Gar-asen:
**[[Smyrnium cordifolium]]*
* *[[Smyrnium dodonaei]]* Spreng.
**[[Smyrnium creticum]]*
**[[Smyrnium olusatrum]]* - alexanders, black-lovage, horse-parsley
**[[Smyrnium perfoliatum]]* - perfoliate alexanders

## Tiwelhiwin
Tutlayt tarusit

**Tutlayt tarusit** (Isemiman: *русский язык, rússkij âzýk*) d yiwet n tutlayt tawend-uṛpt yeṭṭafaren afurk n tutlayin tislavin n usamar di twacult n tutlayin tislavin (am twukṛaneyt|tbulgart d tbilaruseyt). Llan ugar n 280 n yimelyan n yimdanen yettmeslayen s tarusit (ama d tutlayt tayemmat neɣ d tutlayt tus snat). Tarusit d tutlayt tamaddudt n Tuddukkla n Rrus, akken i tga seg tutlayin timaddudin i tegdudiyin n Bilarusya, Kazaxistan yakk d Kirgizistan, tarusit tga daɣen d yiwet seg 5 n tutlayin timaddudin di Tuddsa n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen.

## Asesmel

## Amezruy n tutlayt tarusit

## Tutlayt tarusit di tsut tis 20

## Asedger araklan

## Isefka imutlayen ɣef tutlayt tarusit

## Tintaliwin n trusit

## Tajerrumt

## Anagraw n tira

## Imniren

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tutlayin tislavin
Aẓeffun (aɣersiw)

**Aẓeffun** neɣ **Azaffan** (ɣer ymusnudranen: **Nephropidae**, tikwal daɣen **Homaridae**) d yiwet n twacult meqren n truca tiwlalin, Aẓeffun ila (yesɛa) tefekka ɣezzifen, Kṛad (3) gar smus (5) n iṭaren-is lan ikacbaren, gar-asen tayuga tamenzut i yettilin d tayuga iy meqren ɣef tyugiwin i d-yezgan deffir-is, Aẓeffun yettidir deg ifexsiwen (lecquq) yakk d isegunen s ddaw n yilel.

Deg ugezdu n Tizi Wezzu deg Tmurt n Iqbayliyen tella yiwet n tɣiwant tettusemma ɣef uɣersiw-a dɣa awal itezzi ɣef tɣiwant n Uẓeffun.

## Aglam

## Tudert

## Aẓeffun i wučči

## Tilmas

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tiruca
Tiruca

**Tiruca** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Crustacea**) d ad-adur aɣersiw meqqren yeṭṭafaren adur n teswermin, Dɣa llan deg-s ugar n 52,000 n telmas yettwassnen, Tiruca d imuddiren ur nli ara (ur nesɛi ara) taɣessa s agensu (zdaxel) n tfekkiwin-is maca tla tasuddest yeqquren seg uzaɣar n tfekka isem-is *Taɣessa tuffiɣt* ayen yettaken taggaẓt i truca.
 
Azal ameqran n truca d tid yettidiren deg waman aladɣa deg yillan d igarawen akken daɣen i llant kra n telmas yettidiren deg waman israwen (isafen d igelmimen) d kra niden ttidirent sufel n wakal, Tiruca d tid i d-yettgin tagrawt meqren n iɣersiwen am tkurẓmiwin d uqemrun yakk d tfenzit.

## Asesmel
Idem n (*crustacean*) yettuɣal i  yesnudranen imzikanen yakk i weglam n iɣersiwen, gar-asen Pierre Belon d Guillaume Rondelet maca isem-a ur yettusxdem ara sɣur kra n imesnulfawen id yusan s deffir am Carl Von Linné ig sskecmen Tiruca deg *Aptera* deg wedlis-is anagraw n ugama.

Adu-wadur n truca yeddem azal n 67,000 n telmas yettwaglamen ayen yettuɣilen d akken ttgin-d kan ​1⁄10 ar ​1⁄100 n yakk telmas n truca acku tuget degsent ur ttwaglament ara ar tura.

## Tasnalɣa (morphology)

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Taɣyult n ugudi
Ibeldisen

**Ibeldisen** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Gastropoda*) d asmil meqqren yakk deg wadur n tigritin acku dges azal n 80% n telmas yeṭṭafaren adur-a, akken daɣen i tga d tafesna tameqrant tis snat yakk deg tgelda taɣersawt anda i llant dges wazal n 65000 n telmas gar-asent aɣlal d umillus d tezɣurt.

Azal ameqran n ibeldisen lan (sɛan) ajeɣlal amyiwen ddurayen yis, ijeɣlalen-a ttilin d ubrinen 
Ibeldisen ttidiren deg waṭas n twennaṭin n umadal, Amur ameqran degsen deg waman anda ugar n 3000 n telmas n ibeldisen ttidiren s ddaw n waman n illan d igarawen yakk d 5000 n telmas n idem ttidiren deg waman iẓidanen (isafen, iɣezṛawen, igelmimen) ma d tilmas id yegran ttidirent sufel n tegnit (lqaɛa), Azal ameqran n ibeldisen tetten imɣan akken i llant telmas tettent isugar igemnawen akken daɣen i llant kra n telma d timseksumin yerna gant d timuɣas.

## Aglam
**tasnasileɣt**: 

Ibeldisen s umata d iɣersiwen irazamalen (*asymétriques*) anda tafekka-ynes tebṭa ar 3 n ismilen ufrizen: 

* Ar zdat, ixef deg tazwara-s llant tmerna dɣa deg taggara-nsent i llant wallen.
* S adis, Aṭar yessehrin deg uṭebsi, tikwal yettuɣal d agman i werdab.
* S azagur, Takura tedduffes, tikwal d tamazzuft maca deg waṭas n wakuden yezzi-yas ujeɣlal.

tigritin-a gant d tiynuzufin neɣ iberwetmen, Timseddert neɣ tamarrawt.

**Amyaraw**
Tuget neɣ azal ameqran n ibeldisen gan d iberwetmen, isin n talwiyin ttmiqqanen tisiqsin-nsen w ttembadalen igamiten n iwetmen s akin ad asen igamiten n twetmin i wakken ad myarrwen.

.

## Agar, tasensartut d usru

### Amezruy amhazan
Ibeldisen gan d tagrawt taɣersawt tameqrant yakk seld n iburɣas anda llant 40000 n telmas d timiddurin, banen-d ɣer tudert send n 600 ms, akken igan d tigritin timyiwnin iy sselken tagnit imedlen, Amezruy amhazan n ibeldisen yettwassnen s temhazt n talɣa n ijeɣlalen-nsen.

### Tasensartur
Irem n *Gasteropoda* (igan d assaɣ ussnan n ibeldisen) yekka-d seg sin n wawalen igriken γαστήρ (gastêr), « Adis », d πούς (poús), « Aṭar ».

### Agar

### Asismel amensay
Deg usismel amzikan (aqbur), amedya deg wagla n  Johannes Thiele (1929-1935), llan 3 n idu-smilen ibuda: 

* Ifeckdaten (*Prosobranchia*): d iɣersiwen iwlalen, lan (sɛan) iɣenwazen deg tazwara (zdat) n tfekka s udem n wul.
* Ifeckdfiren (*Opisthobranchia*): Yakk nsen d iwlalen, lan (sɛan) afuck (iɣenwazen) s deffir n tfekka, Am tiferdarin (*Pteropoda*) i yessezgen ar tudert tassuflant.
* Tinturin (*Pulmonata*): Ilan (yesɛan) turin (aberfiw) deg yideg n ifecka maca kra deg-sent (am ilemnisen) uɣalen ar tudert deg waman.

### Asismel atrar
S unect (ɛla ḥsab) n useklas agreɣlan n telmas tiwlalin (deg 24 ctember 2104)

* Adu-smil n ibeldisen itraren (*Caenogastropoda*) — Cox, 1960
** Tafesna n Architaenioglossa — Haller, 1890
** Tafesna n Littorinimorpha — Golikov & Starobogatov, 1975
** Tafesna n [[ibeldisen imaynuten (*Neogastropoda*) — Thiele, 1929
** Caenogastropoda (ur tettwasismel)

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Aɣlal
* Tiruca
Iẓiwec n wexxam

**Iẓiwec** neɣ **Iẓiwec n wexxam** (isem ussnan: **Passer domesticus**) d talmest n yigṭaṭ yeṭṭafaren tawsit n yiẓiwec. Talmest-a tettidir deg waṭas n yideggan n umaḍal, ama Uruppa d Tefriqtn Ugafa yakk d wazal ameqran n Asya d Marikan n Ugafa. Iẓiwec n wexxam d win yettidiren deg yideggan iɣarimen (anda ttilin imezdaɣ), ama deg tuddar neɣ di temdinin.

Deg tama tadelsant, iẓiwec iga d agṭiṭ yettwastaɣen (yettwaḥqaren), acku itett ifsan deg wurtiyen n ikerrazen, ayen yeǧǧan amḍan-is ad yader s waṭas ɣef tmentilt (sebba) n tgemra, maca yettujerred deg waddad n taggaẓt d talmest ur nettwaggez.

## Aglam
**Talɣa d ubleɣ**
Teɣzi n iẓiwec seg yixef-is ar taggara n wedfar-is 16 cm. Ma d tehri-ynes mi ara ad yeldi afriwen-is seg 14 ar 18 cm ayen ar t-yeǧǧen d aylal meẓẓiyen, ixef-is yezzi, aqamum-is d win yuddsen (iǧehden) talɣa-ynes tga d takawsart, dɣa teɣzi n uqamum-is seg 1 ar 1,5 cm yessezgi akken iwata i wakken ad yečč ifsan, teɣzi n wedfar-is seg 5,2 ar 6,5 cm, ma d teɣzi n udinan n ufriw seg 6,7 ar 8,9 cm, tinci tga gar 1,6 d 2,5 cm, azuk n iẓiwec iga gar 24g ar 39,5g 
Takura n iwetmen tugar tin n twetmin s kra, yerna yella umgarad gar tkura deg telmas yettidiren deg Turuft (yettawṭen ar 30g) yugaren tilmas tifurkanin yettidiren s anẓul n Turuft (26g).

**[[Afraw]]**

Yezmer ad yili ufraw n iẓiwec s yiniten yemgaraden seg uzunɣid ar waras, akken yella wemgarad meqqren gar yini n uwtem d yini n tewtemt, Anda tawtemt tla (tesɛa) ini aras d uwṛiɣ deg ufella d wadda n uqerru, ma d awtem ila (yesɛa) initen d ibeṛbacen deg uqerru azagur-is d uzwiɣ (imal ar uzeggaɣ) ma d tama n ufella deg tafekka-ynes d tazunɣidt.

**Imesli**

**Tuggta**

## Asismel d usru

## Tikeli

## Tudert

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Aylal
* Iẓiwec amesɣuyyu
Mẓab

**Mẓab** d tamnaḍt deg talemmast n tmurt n Lezzayer, tebɛed seg tamanaɣt-is s wazal n 600 km. izeddeɣ-itt agdud n imẓabiyen (360,000 n imdanen).
Asu

**Asu** (**[[Assaɣ ussnan]]**: *Bos primigenius indicus*) d yiwen n wadu-tlmest n ifunasen yettuɣal uẓar-is ar tmurt n Lhend, Asu d aɣersiw yeṭṭafaren uruks, Awal n *Asu* d win id yellan seg  tutlayt tatibitt (*zaba*) anamak-is s Teqbaylit Ameddis neɣ Tayyu 
Asu iga d azger amegrud aladɣa deg tmura tisbegsanin yettusxdem i wẓuɣer n tɣawsiwin d tuẓẓga n uyefki d wučči n weksum-is 

## Isem d usismel
Yella wassaɣ ussnan n wasu d *Bos indicus* maca tura tettwasismel s talɣa tafurkant deg telmas *Bos taurus* anda yeddem isem *Bos taurus indicus* zdat n Taurine (*Bos taurus taurus*) yekk d uẓar-nsen amezday uruks

## Aẓaṛ

## Tidefrin

## Amercel

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Taksa
* Tifunasiyin
* Azger
* Afunas
Imeṭṭawen

**imeṭṭawen** (Asuf: **imeṭṭi**) d yiwen gar imazzalen n tfekka yekka-d seg tmahla n ufaris n waman deg igniren n wallen, mi ara ad ilin ifrayen yuddsen (iḥulfan iqewwan) am uneɣna neɣ tuget n tumert anecta yezmer ad yeglu s imeṭṭawen 

## Tawuri tasnudrant n imeṭṭawen

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Tilkit n wuccen

**Tilkit n wuccen** (Assaɣ ussnan: *Anchusa azurea*) d yiwet n telmest tamɣawt yeṭṭafaren tawsit n yiles wezger deg twacult n trizwant 

## Idgan n wemɣay
Talmest-a tettemɣay-d deg Uruppa d tamiwin yezzin neɣ yudsen i yilel agrakal

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tirizwa
Amqerqur

**Amqerqur** deg tutlayt Taqbaylit d assaɣ imezdi i yettwafken i wugar n 500 n telmas n tkelmanin dgi llant waṭas n twaculin am umqerqur idetti (*Bufonidae*), Aṭas n midden ur ssinen ara ad ssemgirrden (ad meyyzen) gar n imqerqar d igra acku ttemcabin s waṭas deg telɣa, maca deg tidet amqerqur yettmil ar tudert deg tzagirt (sufel n wakal) acku ila (yesɛa) aglim yeqquren d yini aras i wakken ad yezmer ad yidir s ddaw n tafat n tfukt w ad issengel s iman-is deg  twennaṭ is d-yezzin, Dɣa iṭarren n umqerqur d wid-ak yemmugen i tikli mači i wenttag am wegru, Tiẓunt niden deg wemgarad gar n umqerqur d wegru d akken amqerqur yeɣɣaz akal i wakken ad yessers timellalin-is ma d agru yessrusay timellalin-is s ddaw n waman

## Iẓuran irakalen d imazrayen
Yakk imqerqar kkand seg uẓar imezdi yeddren deg Marikan n unẓul send n 10 n imelyan n iseggasen maca sin akin s imik imik (cuya cuya) smhersen (steɛmren) yal amenẓaw anagar Antraktika, ma deg Ustralya d Madagaskar sakken kan id ttuskecmen sɣur wemdan, Akken daɣen i llant kra n tegzirin tisufanin ulac degsen-t imqerqar aladɣa deg ugaraw amelwi

## Ismawen Iqbayliyen d [[Assaɣ ussnan|ismawen ussnanen]] imezduyen n telmas

* Amqerqur n waman (**[[assaɣ ussnan|s.u]]**: *Bufotes viridis*) 
* Amqerqur aburqes (**[[assaɣ ussnan|s.u]]**: *Acris gryllus*) 
* Amqerqur amugay (**[[assaɣ ussnan|s.u]]**: *Kaloula pulchra*)
* Amqerqur amessiruy (**[[assaɣ ussnan|s.u]]**:  *Alytes obstetricans*)
* Amqerqur n Marikan (**[[assaɣ ussnan|s.u]]**: *Anaxyrus americanus*)
* Amqerqur n iseklan (**[[assaɣ ussnan|s.u]]**: *Rentapia hosii*)
* Amqerqur utrim (**[[assaɣ ussnan|s.u]]**: *Anaxyrus boreas*)
* Amqerqur iɣunam (**[[assaɣ ussnan|s.u]]**: *Rhinella marina*)

## Tasnudert
Aylalen imatanen n umqerqur zdin d wid yellan ɣer wegru yakk d kra n imgaraden meẓẓiyen deg yal talmest 

Am yakk igra, Ula d imqerqar d iɣersiwen n tit idammen isemmaṭen (*[[tasefliẓɣelt]]*) 

### tasnasileɣt
* Iṭarren-is meẓẓiy-it, ur inetteg ara akken iwata maca isemyifi tikli. yettidir sufel n wakal 
* Ur ila ara (ur yesɛa ara) tuɣmas
* Aglim-is ikkerked (ḥercaw), dges timmisin 

## Amyaraw

## Amqerqur deg yidles alsan

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Agru
Assaɣ imezdi

Deg tesnudert , **Assaɣ imezdi** d isem yettusxedmen deg kra n tutlayt tadigant i kra n telmas n iɣersiwen neɣ n imɣan deg tama anda tt-meslayen tutlayt nni, ɣef wanect-a yezmer ad yesɣel (ad yemmel) timsurta yemgaraden s waṭas s unect (ɛla ḥsab) n usatal, Maca assaɣen imezdiyen deg waṭas n waddaden d wid yettusxedmen i wsileɣ n wassaɣen ilugnen i tutlayt nni (ayen yegdan assaɣ ussnan deg Tlatint), Ɣas akken isalan n wassaɣen ayyi (n yismawen ayyi) ur llin ara d wid yuddsen maca d ismawen ayyi yettusxedmen s waṭas deg wedlis aɣerfan n yal ass 

## [[Tasniremt]]

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Assaɣ ussnan
* Amuddir
Agru

**Agru** (**[[Assaɣ ussnan]]**: *Anura*) d tafesna n tkelmanin timtegzitin, Iga d tagrawt tandant tamseksumt s talɣa tagejdant yakk d tikelmanin war asallaf gar-asen amqerqur, Agru yettidir druɣ deg yal iddg deg umadal seg yideggan isbegsanen ar ideggan anda yettili usemmiṭ, maca azal ameqran n telmas-is ttidirent deg tẓegwa timanẓarin anda ttiswasmlen din ugar n 5000 n telmas, Ɣas akken ugten-t telmas-is maca deg iseggasen ineggura imusnawen ttwalin d akken amdan n igmanen n waṭas n telmas tt-drusen (tt-nqasen) 
Azal n yimdanen ur smgirriden ara gar n wegru d umqerqur s usrag (ɣef ssebba) n wemcabi meqqren yellan gar-asen 

## Tasensartut d usismel
### Tasensartur
Azal n 88% n telmas n tkelmanin ttusisemlent deg tfesna n igra, Deg tfesna ayi llant wazal n 4810 n telmas ẓẓunin-t (ferqen-t) ɣef 33 n twaculin gar-asent: igranẓulen (*Leptodactylidae*) s wazal n 1100 n telmas, Timerdedduyin (*Hylidae*) s wazal n 800 n telmas, d igerdettiyen (*Ranidae*) s wazal n 750 n telmas dɣa tiwaculin-a gan-t d tid yakk meqqren. Igra ttawin yakk igra imayniten d telmas n tmesɣaz yemgaraden, Asexdem n wawal *AGRU* d *UMQERQUR* ur ila ara (ur yesɛa ara) yakk azadur amessarti acku deg tmuɣli n imusnawen n usismel yakk igmanen n tfesna n waradfer d igra u anagar kan tawacult n umqerqur idetti  iy gan d imqerqar ma d irem imezdi *Agru* yesskanay tid yettidiren deg twennaṭ n waman neɣ azunwaman yerna tla aglim d aleqqaq s unemgal n imqerqar yettidiren deg twennaṭ dgi llan drus kan n waman yerna aglim-is ikkerked (ḥercaw) anagar yiwet n telmest n imqerqar isem-is (**Bombina-Bombina**) tla (tesɛa) aylalen n umqerqur maca yettidir deg waman

### Asismel
Igra d imqerqar ttusisemlen deg 3 n idu-fesniwen igan d: Archaeobatrachia  anda llant 3 n twaculin n *igra imenza*, yakk d Mesobatrachia anda llant 5 n twaculin n igra inamhazen cwi ugar n Archaeobatrachia, yakk d Neobatrachia dɣa adu-tfesna ayi d win yakk dgi llant dges waṭas n twaculin (24 n twaculin n igra itraren)  yerna d nettat yakk i d tanamhazt ugar n tiyaṭ akken daɣen i ttidirent deg waṭas n ideggan n umadal 

## Umuɣ n twaculin

## [[Tasnettit]] (etymology)

## [[Tasnasileɣt]] d [[tasengamt|tsengamt]]

## [[Tareygama]] d tikeli

## Taẓuni tarakalt d ideggan n tudert

## Tamhazt

## Amezruy amhazan

## [[Tasnawsijint]] (Phylogenetics)

## Agru deg yidles alsan

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Amqerqur
Bud Spencer

**Carlo Pedersoli**, yettwassnen ugar s yisem-is unaẓur Bud Spencer, ilulen ass n 31 deg tuber 1929 deg Napoli, yemmuten ass n 16 yulyu 2016 deg Ruma, d asegbar, d aɛewwam aṭelyani.

Yella d anaddal n weswir ɛlayen deg temẓi-s maca icaɛ s yisura n tkumidit i yurar dɣa akked Terence Hill neɣ wid western n Ṭṭelyan.
Abuferriw

**Tibuferriwin** neɣ **Timzilin** (isem ussnan: **Paridae**) d tawacult n yigḍaḍ. Tawacult-a tegber seg 62 n telmas yebḍan ɣef 14 n tewsitin.
Tilmas n twacult-a ttidirent deg Umaḍal amzikan d Marikan n Ugafa. Timzilin d igḍaḍ meẓẓiyen.

## Aglam
Anagar tiwsitin tiynelmasin, yakk tilmas n ubuferriw d tid yettemcabin s waṭas deg talɣa. Dɣa, tawacult-a tettwassnen s wemcabi n yigmamen-is (tilmas-is) akk. Teɣzi tagejdant n telmas n ubuferriw tettili gar n 10 alamma 16 cm, yakk d 9 alamma d 21 cm i tewsitin tiynelmasin, ma d azuk yettili gar n 7 ar 29 g yakk d 5 ar 49 g i tewsitin tiynelmasin, S umata ifurken igejdanen n ubuferriw ttaken-d seg yiniten yemgaraden n wafrawen-is. 
Aqamum n ubuferriw meẓẓiy, maca llant telmas iy lan iqamumen ihrawen d wid sdiden (rqiqen), s unect (ɛla ḥsab) n unagraw n wučči ɣef wacu ggunint, acku tilmas iy tetten iburɣas lant (sɛant) iqamumen sdiden, ma d tilmas iy tetten ifsan, iqamumen-nsent zhur-it.

## Ideggan n tudert
Abuferriw d ajqiw yettidiren deg waṭas n yidgan n umadal anda yettidir deg umur ameqran n imenẓawen n Uruppa d Asya d Tefriqt d Marikan n Ugafa, Ula di tmurt n Iqbayliyen llant kra n telmas am ubuferriw azegzaw.

## Umuɣ n tewsitin
S unect n usismel n umnir (alqem 5.2, 2015) n Uswir Amesnaylal Agreɣlan: 
* Abuferriw bucentuf – (*Baeolophus*).
* Cephalopyrus 
* Abuferzegzaw – (*Cyanistes*).
* Abuferisk – (*Lophophanes*).
* Buferriw – (*Periparus*).

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Amenferriw
* Aylal
* Agṭiṭ
* Buzegziw
Amdeɣ

**Amdeɣ** neɣ **Ameddeɣ** (**[[Assaɣ ussnan]]**: *Giraffa camelopardalis*) d timsuṭad tisenfednin yeṭṭafaren adu-tfesna n tmesluffaẓ ttidiren-t deg Tefriqt seg tmurt n Ččad ar  Tafriqt n wenẓul, Seld n imelyan n iseggasen n temhazt amdeɣ yell-d (ikseb) asemmili ussaf s yiri ɣezzifen i wakken ad teksu akken iwata deg iddagen d isekla yeflalen (ɛlayen) 

imusnawen ssismlen-d 9 n tdu-lmasin yemgaraden seg talɣa d uglim seg tsut tis 19 yerna tikwal ttusismlen-t d tilmas s iman-nsent, Maca s umata ttusisemlen-t d tidu-lmasin kan ar tasut tis 19. Maca tasensartut n imedɣen tura ɣɣaren-t isnudranen 

Talmest-a d tin yettwaggzen s umihi n wengar anda amdan-is seg 1985 ar 2015 yudr-d s 40% 

## Aglam
Amdeɣ iga d aɣersiw amiran yeflalen (ɛlayen) yakk, S tmella (s lfḍel) n yiri-ynes ɣezzifen yettawṭen deg teɣzi seg 5,50 m ar 5,80 m, ɣas akken iri-ynes ɣezzif anect-a yakk maca amdan n tkerdufin-is d win yegdan amdan n tkerdufin ɣer yakk timsuṭad n iden (7 i wazal n 40 cm), Azuk n umdeɣ yettili gar n 750 ar 1100 kg ɣer twetmin akken i yezmer ad yiweṭ ar 2000 kg ɣer iwetmen 

## Ideggan n tudert
Ideggan n tudert n umdeɣ d win igan d imuren ur yeddukel ara, tiɣerfin-is mnizwin-t, Seg Ččad deg Ugafa ar Tafriqt n  wenẓul deg unẓul, Maca s umata ttilin-t s tuget deg Kenya d Tanzanya d Butswana d Zambya yakk d Nnijer, ideggan i tra (i tḥemmel) ad tt-idir degsen d ilmayen yeldin d Sabana yakk d imudaɣ, Učči-ynes agejdan d iferran n yiwen n waddag isem-is afagag anda tkessu dges deg teflelt ur tt-iwṭent ara ɣures tisuṭad n iden

## Asismel d tsartut

**Tufrart d temhazt** 
Amdeɣ d aɣersiw yeṭṭafaren Adu-tfesna n tmesluffaẓ, Anda id tessken tezrawt (taɣuri) d akken aṭas n igmanen-is ttuɣalen iẓuran-is ar *tallit Tayosint* deg Asya talemmast d Marikan n Ugafa

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Agurres

**Agurres** d irem asengam id yesskanayen tamhelt n tuɣalin n umazzal ar tɣuṛi mi ara ad tiweṭ teẓɣelt-is ar tseddart n ugurres (seg 0° d taksart i waman), Anemgal n ugurres d afsay anda yettuɣal waddad aquran ar umazzal 
Tamhelt-a tettili-d mi ara ad tettwasder tezɣelt alamma tewweṭ ar tẓunt n wefsay anagar yiwen n waddad igan d Hidṛujin i yettɣarayen s usrag n wadad (mači s uzɣal) 

Taseddart n wefsay deg wazal ameqran n tnegwa d nettat i d taseddart n tɣuṛi amdya iɣir yettɣaray deg tseddart n 1084,62 C° maca ifessi daɣen deg yiwet n tseddart dgi yettɣaray

## Agurres n unagraw imisin

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Arkam
* Arugen
Abruri

**Abruri** d yiwet n talɣa n uzeqziq yemmugen d takurt n wegris, Akdu-ynes iga seg kra n imilimitren ar kra n isentimitren, Tiqqayin n ubruri mmugent s waṭas n tissiwin n wegris 

Abruri yettmag-d deg isegniwen yeẓẓayen aladɣa deg tsemhuyin izeɣlen d mi ara ad yili waggiy s usrag n ugurres n tmiqwa n ugeffur 
## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Adfel
* Ageffur
* Asigna
* Agu
* Tagrest
* Tignewt
Agris

**Agris** d addad aquran agersan arasin i kra n tenga yellan d imezzilen neɣ igazayen deg teẓɣelt n tegnut amdya deg-sen yella wegris n waman d wegris n ucader (ammoniac) 
Agris yettmag-d deg yal ideg (amkan) anda llant waman d usemmiṭ s akin ad uɣalen waman s tefrer ar wegris, mi ara ad yuget usemmiṭ (s waṭas n tseddarin ddaw n 0 C°) yezmer ad yennulfu wedrar neɣ wasif n wegris yerna deg waṭas n wakuden llan igelmimen yettgurusen s usrag n usemmiṭ yugten maca anagar tissi-ynes tafellayt iy tt-gurrusen ma adis-is yettɣamay d amazzal 
Azal n ¾ n waman iẓidanen yellan deg tegnit mmugen deg telɣa n wegris yettilin s wuden agejdan deg Antraktika d Greenland d tizgelt n ugafa d tiqucac n idurar.

## Agris d [[adfel|wedfel]]

## Tilɣa

## Abruri

## Agris deg usud anafuk

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tagrest
* Ageffur
* Abruri
* Agurres
* Adfel
Agu

**Agu** d tumant tagmawant igan d asigna  yudren (irxan) ɣef tiggi n tegnit, Agu d timiqwa n waman id yettmagen s usrag n aneznez n warrag n waman

## Tilmas n wagu

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Agris
* Adfel
* Ilel
Aɣṛum

**Aɣṛum** d učči agejdan anasay i waṭas n yidlsen deg umadal ama deg Turuft d Tefriqt ugafa d usamar alemmas d Ustralya d kra n tamiwin n iden, yettmag-d s kra n isegran am uwren d waman d wagil akken is yettwaxdam deg tuget n tikwal tisent, Akken is ttwarnan isegran n iden s unect (ɛla ḥsab) n yal idles, Mi ara as tettwarnu temtunt i wrekti n weɣṛum yettuf s usrag n umtan 

## Amezruy

## Inawen igejdanen n weɣrum

## Aɣṛum deg yidles Aqbayli d umaziɣ

## Tadamsa

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Aɣref

**Aɣref** d irem deg tasenmetti d tasertit id yesskanayen tagrawt n ifganen d idrumen yettidiren deg yiwen n usser n yidles d tutlayt d inasayen deg yiwet n tmetti d yiwet n tmurt.

## Deg tfelsaft d wesɣan

## Deg tasertit

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Awanak
Tarɣa

**Tarɣa** neɣ **Tarɣiwt** (Asget: **Tarɣiwin**) d aselsu yettmelsen deg iḍarren i wakken ad t-naggẓen w ad t-nsizeɣlen, Tarɣiwin ttwaxdamen-t s kra n izaran yemgaraden am taduṭṭ d umezzil d  upulyester d taẓawt, Maca tilmas n terɣa yifen yakk tiyaṭ d tin yettusxedmen s taduṭṭ d tebduɣt acku snat n telmas-a lant (sɛant) azal deg usuji n tidi yernan ɣef tlisa yakk d weɣmal.

## Tawuri

## Amezruy

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Azara

**Azara** (Asget: **Izaran**) d azṛu dgi llan imɣuzen, Dɣa imɣuzen-a s wemgarad n telmas nsen ttilin-t teddmen-t isinin 
Izaran ttwakksen-d s taɣuzzi ddaw neɣ sufel n tegnit (lqaɛa), Amɣuz yettili neɣ yettusemma d azara mi ara ad ilint dges tnegwa yelhan i tmugri neɣ ttnuzen-t i wakken ad awin-t ibaɣuren (lerbaḥ)
Taẓawt

**Taẓawt** d isirgen iprutiniyen igamanen iy ddgen (iy qebblen) tuẓẓṭa 

## Asnirem n taẓawt

## Tilmas n taẓawt

## Iylan n taẓawt

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Tagida

**Tagida** neɣ **Tamrust** d tasɣart hrawen talɣa-ynes d amezzay neɣ d asrem ddmen-t 4 n iṭarren, ttwarsen-t fellas tɣawsiwin yemgaraden am wučči, Tagida tga d aruku, Tagida tuttwaxdam s kra n izaran am wesɣar d temzukt d imɣuzen n iden

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Asɣim
* Tasumta
* Asgen
* Aruku
Asgen

**Asgen** (Asget: **isegnan**) d yiwen n uruku yettusxedmen i yiṭes d usgunfu

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Aruku
* Tagida
* Ajenwi
Tazrut

**Tazrut** d afecku iy zemren ad yessended tafat s tarrayt ara ad yaggẓen aṭas n igelman-is iẓaranen, Tazrut tettusexdem i wseẓli (i wcebbeḥ) n tugna, Akken daɣen i llant tizra yettwasxedmen deg ifecka ussnanen am utiliskup d ulaser d tkamra yakk d ifecka imugrayen

## Amezruy

## Tamugri

## Tilmas n tezratin n [[tamzukt|temzukt]]

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Aruku
* Asgen
* Tagida
Aṭlas anewrir

**Aṭlas anewrir** d azrar amsedrar id yezgan deg ugafa n Lezzayer (ugar n 90% n) maca yedda s imik (cwiya) ar ugafa agmudan n umeṛṛuk yakk d usamar n Tunes, Dɣa tilisa n weṭlas anewrir ullsen-t-id idurar n Arrif seg umalu, Tazrart-a dges aṭas n tqacucin yemnummsen deg teflel, Taqacuct yeflalen akk gar-asent d isek n yemma xliǧa id yezgan deg tezrart n Ǧerǧer deg Tmurt n Iqbayliyen s teflel n 2308 m, sin akin yeṭṭafar-it wedrar n Babur s teflel n 2004 m

## Tizrarin timedrarin
* Ǧerǧer
* Iwanuɣen
* Aṭlas Ablidi
* Warsnis
* Tesala
* Idurar n Babur
* Tittri

## Umuɣ n idurar
**Deg tmurt n Iqbayliyen**: 
* Adrar n Megres
* Azṛu yeflan 
* Adrar azegzaw
* Adrar n Babuṛ
* Adrar n isek
* Taqinṭuct

**Deg ideggan n iden**: 
*Adrar n Cenwa

## Tarakalt
Aṭlas anewrir d azrar id yezgan ɣef yili n yilel agrakal s teɣzi n 1500 km 

## Isafen igejdanen
* Asif n Sumam
* Asif n Sabaw 
* Asif n Mazefran
* Asif n Busellam

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Aṭlas ameqran
* Aṭlas alemmas
* Aṭlas aneẓraf
Azirdyaw

**Azirdyaw** neɣ **Aɣafaf** (**[[Assaɣ ussnan]]**: *Mephitidae*) d yiwet n twacult yeṭṭafaren tafesna n temseksumin, Aṭas n medden tt-ɣilen d akken azirdyaw d yiwen n uɣersiw maca deg tidet dges 12 n telmas yemgaraden, Azirdyaw yettwassen s tikdi (rriḥa) n diri iberru-y-as mi ara ad tt-yaggez kra n umihi am tgemrawin 
imusnawen llan tt-ɣilen d akken azirdyaw yeṭṭafar tedɣaɣatin maca sin akin tuɣal tettwasismel d tawacult timziregt

## [[Tasartut n tesnudert|Asismel]]
Tawacult n tzirdyawin  (*Mephitidae*) d tin id yennulfan sɣur usnudran Afrensaw Charles-Lucien Bonaparte deg useggas n 1845 anda id yessegrew yakk izirdyawen deg yiwet n twacult.  Send n uzmez-a (1845), azirdyaw yella tettwasismel d adu-twacult yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tedɣaɣatin maca tazrawt taǧiniyt tulles-as (tbeddel-as) asismel, Amur ameqran n telmas n twacult-a d wid yettidiren deg Marikan anagar snat n telmas ttidirent deg unẓul agmudan n Asya 

### Umuɣ n telmas

## Taẓuni (ideggan n tudert)
Amur ameqran n telmas d tewsitin n uzirdyaw ttidirent deg Marikan anagar snat n telmas

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Aswu

**Aswu** (**[[Assaɣ ussnan]]**: *Ciconiidae*) yettwassen ɣer Yiqbayliyen s **Abellarej** dɣa awal-a yekka-d seg Tegrikt (*Πελαργός* / *Pelargós*) d aylal iminig seg Iylalen meqqren d yiṭarren ɣezzifen. Aswu d tawacult dgi llant 6 n tewsitin yettawin 19 n telmas

## Aglam
Aswu d tatna meqqren (seg 75 cm ar 152 cm), Iṭarren-is ɣezzif-it, aqamum-is yemsed, yezmer ad yefferfer s teflel meqqren 

## Asismel

### Umuɣ n tewsitin

### Umuɣ n telmas

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Aylal
Taserramt

**Taserramt** neɣ **timesremt** neɣ **aseslaf** d afecku n tezrawt d tdabut i wsemsed n umru 
Deg tserramt tella tuzzalt i messden s waṭas tezmer ad tekkes tissi usdiden (rqiqen) deg wesɣar n wemru neɣ n umru s temhelt n useclem (useqcer) mi ara ad t-ttezzi

## Amezruy

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Imru
* Amru
Amru

**Amru** d afecku awlellay yettusxedmen i tira d usuneɣ ɣef uferki, yemgarad ɣef telmas n yimra n iden d akken-it yezmer ad yettwasfeṭ (s tesemsut) 

S tenmegla n wayyen yettwassnen (d akken amru yettwaxdam s uldun) amru deg tidet yettwaxdam s ugrafit d ukaṛbun yettwarwin s waluṭ, Amru yennulfa-d deg tsut tis 18 anda send n uzmez-a yella yettwaxdam ufraw n waylalen i tira s yileɣ

## Initen n umru

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Imru
* Taserramt
Awtil

**Awtil** (**[[Assaɣ ussnan]]**: *Oryctolagus cuniculus*) d yiwet n telmest meẓẓiyen n tewtelɣatin yeṭṭafaren tawacult n igtal, Tiɣerfin-is tizagirin (n lexla) gan-t d timezdiyin deg Turuft maca amdan-nsent yettedrus (yettenqas), Deg Ustralya yettwasekcem deg useggas n 1859  sin akin yuɣal d talmest tamekcumt 

## Aglam
Teɣzi n uwtil seg ixef-is ar wedfar-is seg 32 cm ar 50 cm, Teɣzi n imeẓẓaɣ-is seg 6 ar 9 cm, Yettazwn seg 0,9 kg ar 2,5 kg 
 
## Umuɣ n tdu-lemsin

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Agtul
* Agnin
* Imerwel
Talmest tamekcumt

**Talmest tamekcumt** d irem yettusxedmen deg tesnudert i wsismel n telmest n iɣersiwen neɣ n yimɣan i kecmen ar kra n twennaṭ ur nelli ara d tawennaṭ-is taẓarant sin akin yenfufed s telɣa tanaffalt, Irem-a yettusxedmen deg waddaden n ussisen n ussider n tzagirt d taggaẓt-is deg kra n yideg 

## Imɣan imekcumen

## Iɣersiwen imekcumen

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Tazɣuda

**Tazɣuda** neɣ **Aɣeṛda yesɣaren** (**[[Assaɣ ussnan]]**: *Apodemus sylvaticus*) d yiwet n telmest n temseɣẓaẓ yeṭṭafaren tawacult n iɣeṛdayen, Tazɣuda meqqer s imik (cwiya) ɣef uɣeṛda n wexxam 

## Aglam
Talmest-a d tin ilan (yesɛan) Tafekka tazrgrart d usallaf ɣezzifen, Teɣzi n tfekka n tezɣuda d tin yettawṭen seg 8 ar 11 cm. Yettazen seg 16 ar 27 g

## [[Amyaraw]]
Tiwetmin lant 3 n idisen iy zemren ad arwen alamma d 9 n teqzizen, Tessuṭnṭ-iten yal 5 n tesdidin i tallit n 3 ar 4 n wussan, Asirem n tudert n tezɣuda d win yettilin gar n 2 ar 4 n iseggasen

## Tikeli d wučči
Tazɣuda d aɣersiw yessermaden deg iṭ, tettunag ɣef wučč, učči-ynes d ifsan, iburɣas yakk d igumma

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Aɣeṛda
Asiɣaɣ

**Asiɣaɣ** neɣ **Tizlemt** neɣ **Azemmar** (**[[Assaɣ ussnan]]**: *Muraenidae*) d tawacult n iselman yeṭṭafaren tafesna n tsennurin, Dges azal n 200 n telmas yeẓẓunin (i ferqen) ɣef 16 n tewsitin

## Aglam
Asiɣaɣ d aslem yettekkin deg udu-smil n tummidin yeɣsan yettwassnen d akken ur lint ara tisuccaf, Aglim-is d aleqqaq war ikeckaren, Tafekka n usiɣaɣ d tin igan am tfekka n usennur

## Ideggan n tudert

## Asismel d tsartut

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Aslem
* Aweqqas (aɣersiw)
Aslem

**Aslem** (**[[Assaɣ ussnan]]**: *Pisces*) d yal aɣersiw yettekkan deg tegrawt n imuddiren igan d izun idurra dgi llan yakk iɣersiwen n waman imesqelqal ilan ifucken maca ur lin ara iɣfawen dgi llan iṭudan, Dɣa asenmel-a llan s ddaw-as (dges) timeɣlilin (*Myxinidae*) d usennur d ikerselman (*Chondrichthyes*) d iɣesselman (*Osteichthyes*) war tutut n tegrawin n iselman i negren ilan ɣer-sent assaɣ 
Amur ameqran n iselman gan d it uffiɣen weẓɣal ayen yettaǧǧan taẓɣelt n tifekkiwin-nsen ad mgaraden s unect n teẓɣelt deg twennaṭ id yezzin yessen ɣas akken kra n iselman imeqranen i reddben s urmud meqqren am uweqqas amellal d ubaryun zemren ad aggẓen taẓɣelt yeflalen (ɛlayen) s agensu n tfekkiwin-nsent
Amḍal aɛrab

**Amḍal aɛrab** (s Tserɣint:  *الوطن العربي* , *al-waṭan al-ʿarabī*) d irem arakal-aserti yettwafken i yiwet n temnaṭ yezdin deg umezruy d yidles d tutlayt, Amḍal aɛrab d tamnaṭ yeddan seg ugaraw anaṭlas deg umalu ar yilel aserɣin d ubagu n Faris deg usamar, s wakka yezdi yakk timura yellan d igmanen deg temɣunt Taserɣint deg umalu n Asya d Tefrikt n ugafa d usamar-is, Amḍal aɛrab d win yettawin daɣen kra n tamiwin yettwaṭṭfen am seg kra n tmura ur nelli ara d tiserɣinin am Falestin d ugni n Gulan d Senjaq n Alexandrit d tamiwin tigafanin n Surya id tefka Fransa i Turkya d Tigzirin Tiknariyin d Sebta d Mlilt d tegzirt n iceffaren (yettwaṭṭfen s ɣur Spanya) d Ahwaz d kra n tegzirin n Emarat yettwaṭṭfen sɣur Iran.

Deg wakud dgi Iserɣinen ssexdamen iren n **Tmurt taserɣint**, Timura n Uruppa d Iwunak Yedduklen n Marikan d waṭas n tmura n iden ssexdamen irem n **Asamar alemmas d Tefriqt n ugafa** i wakken ad sseɣlin fell-as aglam n timserɣent i wakken ad sdukklen-t dges tamurt n Israyel d aɣref n ikurdiyen.

## [[timura tigmanin deg temɣunt Taserɣint|Timura tigmanin]]
* **[[Tazunegzirt Taserɣint]]**:  

* **[[Tafriqt n Ugafa]]**: 

* **[[Tafriqt n usamar|Asamar n Tefriqt]]**:  

* **[[Surya (tamnaṭ)]]**:

* **[[Agersafen]]**: 

## Imezdaɣ d tjumma

## Amezruy

## Tarakalt

## Tasertit

## Tadamsa

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Aɣsi

**Aɣsi** neɣ **Uccen azunɣid** (isem ussnan': **Canis lupus**) d agman ameqran yakk deg twacult n taydiyyin. Uccen azunɣid d talmest yeṭṭafaren tawsit n wuccen. 
Timesɣaz mmalen-t-d d akken iɣas (*[[asget]] n weɣsi*) ddren deg tegnit seg 300,000 n iseggasen aya. Dɣa aɣsi yezdi deg yiwen n uẓar yakk d waydi, ɣas akken ttwafken-d kra n yisteqsiyen ɣef tesfelsant n tegrayt-a tussnant, maca azal ameqran n inzaten (ttbut) yellan, ssentamen-d tiẓri ayi.
imusnawen n tesnudert ukzen-d aṭas n tdefrin, maca amḍan-nsent n tidet d win imazal fellas tiɣriwin.

## Ideggan n tudert
Zik nni, iɣas llan ttidiren deg tjumma tamaggagt (wssiɛen), seg Uṛasya d Marikan n Ugafa yakk d usamar alemmas, ma d tura, ur mazal ara ttidiren anagar deg kra n ideggan kan s usrag (s ssebba) n wegmar ilmend n weglim-is, akken i d-igla ugzam d truẓi n tẓegwa s usemres (aseḍyeq) n yideggan deg Wanda yettidir. Ɣas akken llan-d yakk isefk-a ayi yessedrusen (yessenqasen) deg umḍan n iɣas, maca talmest-a tettusismel d talmest ur nettwaggez s unect n (ɛla ḥsab) n Tiddukla tagreɣlant i taggaẓt n tgama.

## Tikeli
S umata, iɣas ttidiren deg tegrawin yettusemman **aclag**, maca llant kra n tikwal deg wanda id yettili yiwen n weɣsi yettidir iman-is, aladɣa mi ara ad yili d awessar, yezzarab-it uwtem amenẓad (lqayed). Igmanen n yal aclag rennun neɣ ttenqasen s wezray n wakud, s unect n imezzarwen igamanen am tilin n wučči d waṭṭanen ... atg. S umata, deg yal aclag ttilin seg sin ɣer 20 n iɣas, ma deg tulmisin, ttilin deg 8, ma d aclag meqqren yakk yewweḍ ɣer 36 n igmanen deg Alaska aseggasn 1967. 

### Amyaraw

## Amsawal

## Asismel
Aɣsi d talmest yeṭṭafaren tawsit n waydi dgi llant gar 7 ar 10 n telmas n taydiyyin, Dɣa Aɣsi d yiwen n aɣersiw yettwasemman waɣsi, ma d tilmas n iden gan-t d: aɣsi azeggaɣ (*Canis rufus*), Aɣsi Ahendi (*Canis indica*), Aɣsi n Himalaya (*Canis himalayensis*), Aɣsi agmudan (*Canis lycaon*) d waɣes (*Canis simensis*) ɣas akken azernen ur yefri ara ɣef ma yella kra deg tdu-lmasin-a yessefk ad ttwikksent seg usismel n iɣes neɣ ad qqimen-t

### Tamhazt
Tiẓra titrarin qqaren-t-d d akken aɣsi iban-d deg tazwara yakk deg Urasya deg tazwara n tallit tatrart yudsen acku iban-d seg yiwet n tezrawt (teɣṛi) tazernant n uzeffar aɣisan (*Nucleic acid*) d akken aẓaṛ n iɣas n Asya yettuɣal ar 800,000 iseggasen yezrin, s unemgal n yiɣas n Uruppa d Marikan n ugafa anda aẓaṛ-nsen yettuɣal ar 150,000 n iseggasen kan am tidak n usamar alemmas anect-a yella-d seld n mi id ssknen-t timesɣaz deg Uruppa ttuɣalen-t i wazal n 500,000 n iseggasen arwas (amcabi) meqqren d tdu-lemsin n Asya

### Tidu-lmasin

## Assaɣ d yiṭan

## Addad amiran d uzrin

## Aɣsi deg yidles alsan

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Uccen
* Taydiyyin
Amergu (tawsit)

**Amergu** (isem ussnan: **Turdus**) d tawsit n yigḍaḍ yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tmerga. Ɣas akken yal  awtem deg tewsit-a ila (isɛa) afriwen d iberkanen isem-is azerkeṭṭif, maca isem n Umergu d win yezdin tilmas niḍen itittemcabin.

## Tikelli

### Učči
Imerga tetten tigumsin, ijiremḍen yakk d yibureɣsen. 

### Asegdef
Bennun iwedfan ɣef yisekla d tseklatin meẓẓiyen deg yimudaɣ. Sin akin, tawtemt tessrusay gar n 3 d 6 n tmellalin. 

### [[Tinigt n yigḍaḍ|Inig]]
Tilmas n umergu d timettiyin send neɣ seld (qbel neɣ mbeɛd) n tsemzuyt n umyara, ɣef wanecta i ttidiren deg tegrawin yerna ttinigen deg yiclagen meqren. Dɣa tinigt-nsen tettili-d deg yiḍ 

## Tilmas
* Amergu – (*Turdus philomelos*).
* Amergu n yij – (*Turdus viscivorus*). 
* Aseqsaq n Teita – (*Turdus helleri*). 
* Aseqsaq buyiɣed – (*Turdus tephronotus*). 
* Aseqsaq usamar – (*Turdus mandarinus*).
* Amergu azeggaɣ wafriwen – (*Turdus iliacus*). 
* Aseqsaq aberkan – (*Turdus merula*). 
* Aseqsaq n Taywan – (*Turdus niveiceps*). 
* Aseqsaq amliɣed wafriwen – (*Turdus boulboul*). 
* Aseqsaq aynini – (*Turdus unicolor*). 
* Aseqsaq buturin tiberkanin – (*Turdus dissimilis*).
* Aseqsaq aberkan uzagur – (*Turdus hortulorum*). 
* Amergu amsulles – (*Turdus obscurus*). 
* Aseqsaq awraɣ – (*Turdus pallidus*). 
* Aseqsaq amliɣed yidisan – (*Turdus feae*).
* Aseqsaq n Izu – (*Turdus celaenops*). 
* Aseqsaq amellal yixef – (*Turdus pritzbueri*). 
* Amergu yigran – (*Turdus pilaris*). 
* Butezra – (*Turdus torquatus*).
* Amergu aberkan ugerjum – (*Turdus atrogularis*). 
* Amergu azwawaɣ ugerjum – (*Turdus ruficollis*).
* Amergu amsulles – (*Turdus eunomus*). 

### Tilmas inegren
* †Aseqsaq n tegzirin – (*Turdus poliocephalus*). 
* †Aseqsaq n Kayman Tameqrant – (*Turdus ravidus*). 
*

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Arẓaẓ

**Arẓaẓ** (**[[Assaɣ ussnan]]**: *Vespa*) d irem id yesskanayen yal aburɣas yeṭṭafaren tafesna n tadlafriwin d wadu-tfesna n  tnammasin, Druɣ yal awred aberɣas ila (yesɛa) yiwet n telmest n irẓaẓen ma drus gemmren-t neɣ tt-jenṭiden-t fell-as ayen yettaǧǧan irẓaẓen lan azal meqqren deg usenɣed agaman deg iwerden nni

## Asismel
Amur ameqran n telmas n yirẓaẓen (ugar n 100,000 n telmas) gan d ijenṭaden

## Igelman

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Aburɣas
* Tizizwit
Taccelt

**Taccelt** (**[[Assaɣ ussnan]]**: *Daboia*) d yiwet n tewsit n izerman yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tzermawin. 

## Ideggan n tudert
Llant 5 n telmas deg tewsit-a ttidiren-t deg unẓul n Asya d Tefriqt n ugafa. 

## Umuɣ n telmas
S unect (ɛla ḥsab) n  : 
* Taccelt taneẓraft (*Daboia deserti*) — Anderson, 1892.
* Taccelt tamuritant (*Daboia mauritanica*) — Duméril & Bibron, 1848.
* Taccelt n Falesṭin (*Daboia mauritanica*) — Duméril & Bibron, 1848.
* Taccelt tarusselt (*Daboia russelii*) — Shaw & Nodder, 1797.
* Taccelt tasiamt (*Daboia siamensis*) — Smith, 1917.

## Tasartut

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Tuddna

**Tuddna** deg wesɣan aneslem d tiɣri id yettilin deg wakuden (5 n tikkal yal ass) n tẓallit, Tuddna yeɣɣar-it umuddin deg yideg yeflalen (amkan ɛlayen) am tiggi neɣ ddala n tmezgida, Amuddin amezwaru yakk deg tneslemt illa d Bilal iben Rabbaḥ 

## Amezruy

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tineslemt
* Tamezgida