open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Taẓallit

**Taẓallit** deg yisɣanen d amsawal yakk d assaɣ n tuqqna gar n ufgan d yillu-ynes, Taẓallit yettwassen deg umezruy amzik anda andar amezwaru i tẓallit deg warraten d win yettuɣlen ar 5000 n iseggasen. Taẓallit temgarad deg wemdan n tikwal-is d usrag-is d tarrayt-is yal asɣan d wayeṭ 

## Taẓallit deg [[tudayt]]

## Taẓallit deg [[Tamasiḥit|Tekritit]]

## Taẓallit deg [[Tineslemt|tneslemt]]

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tuddna
* Asɣan
Binyamin

**Binyamin mmis n Yakuf** (s Tehibṛut: בנימין) d aw (mmi) wis 12 n Yakuf, imma-s isem-is Raḥil illi-s n Laban id yurwen daɣen Yusef agma amyiwen seg yimma-s, S wakka ad yili d azaya wis 12 n wat yisrayel, Anda yella Yakuf (tanekkit-is d *Israyil*) 12 n warraw d iwetmen d yiwet n teqcict isem-is Dina

## Atmaten-is
Atmaten-is gan d arraw n Yakuf yettwasemman s At yisrayel 
* Yusef yellan d agma-s seg yimma-s Raḥil illi-s n Laban igan d illi-s n wana (illi-s n xal-is) n Yakuf
* Rubin yellan d mmi-s n Yakuf ameqran yakk, d Yudas d Lawi d Cimyun d Zabulun d Isakar d yiwet n teqcict isem-is Dina: imma-t-sen d Liya illi-s n Laban i gan d uletma-s n Raḥil 
* Dan d Naftali: imma-t-sen d Bilha 
* Gad d Acer: imma-t-sen d Zilfa

## Aẓekka n Binyamin

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Rubin

**Ṛubin** (s Tehibṛut: ראובן) d mmi-s ameqran yakk gar n 12 n warraw n nbi Yaɛqub , yemma-s d Liya yelli-s n Laban, Anda nbi Yaɛqub  ila (yesɛa) 12 n warraw d iwetmen (gar-asen nbi Yusef )  d yiwet n teqcict isem-is Dina, Dɣa 12 n warraw-a ttwasemman At israyel

## Atmaten-is
Atmaten-is gan(llan) d arraw n Yaɛqub yettwasemman s At israyel 
* Yusef d Binyamin: tayemmat-nsen d Raḥil yelli-s n Laban igan(illan) d yelli-s n xal-is n Yaɛqub
* Yudas d Lawi d Cimyun d Zabulun d Isakar d yiwet n teqcict isem-is Dina: tayemmat-nsen d Liya illi-s n Laban igan(illan) d yemma-s n Rubin daɣen
* Dan d Naftali: tayemmat-nsen d Bilha 
* Gad d Acer: tayemmat-nsen d Zilfa

## Aẓekka-ynes

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Binyamin
Yudas (mmi-s n Yakuf)

**Yuda** neɣ **Yudas** s yiles n imaziɣen udayen d yiwen gar 12 n warraw n Yakuf, imma-s d Liya illi-s n Laban, Aẓaṛ n wawal Yuda neɣ Yudas deg tutlayt Tahibṛut d (*win s wacu umren*), Dɣa s  yisem-is iy ttwasemma n wesɣan n tudayt acku d netta i d ababat n Dawed d Sliman d Yisu 

## Atmaten-is
Atmaten-is gan d arraw n Yakuf yettwasemman s At yisrayel 
* Yusef d Binyamin: yimma-t-nsen d Raḥil illi-s n Laban igan d illi-s n wana (illi-s n xal-is) n Yakuf
* Rubin d Lawi d Cimyun d Zabulun d Isakar d yiwet n teqcict isem-is Dina: imma-t-sen d Liya illi-s n Laban igan d imma-s n Rubin daɣen
* Dan d Naftali: imma-t-sen d Bilha 
* Gad d Acer: imma-t-sen d Zilfa

## Aẓekka-ynes

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Lawi
* Binyamin
* Rubin
Lawi

**Lawi** neɣ **Livi** (s Tehibṛut: ﬥֵוִי ) d iwi (mmi) n Yakuf wis 3 seg tmeṭṭut-is Liya illi-s n Laban, Deg tgemmi tudayt ikezzanen udayen (imṛabṭen udayen)  llan n uzaya n ilawiyen

## Arraw n Lawi

## Taqsiṭṭ-is yakk d [[Yusef (mmis n Yakuf)|Yusef]]
Msegrawen-d (nnejmaɛen-d) watmaten n Yusef i wakken ad s-xedmen tadyant, Anda yiwen deg-sen yefka-d tamuɣli (ṛṛay) d akken ad nɣen Yusef, yakk atmaten-is mtawan ɣef tmuɣli ayi anagar Lawi i yeggumman tikti ayi, anda yessuter deg-sen ad afen tikti n iden s wacu ur ttertayen ara (ur tt-ḍurrayen ara) Yusef, sin akin fkan-d tamuɣli ad tezzenzen i kra n iminigen ar kra n tmurt yaggugen (ibeɛden) i wakken ur izemmer ara yakk ad yuɣal ar wexxam

## Atmaten-is
Atmaten-is gan d arraw n Yakuf yettwasemman s At yisrayel 
* Yusef d Binyamin: yimma-t-nsen d Raḥil illi-s n Laban igan d illi-s n wana (illi-s n xal-is) n Yakuf
* Yudas d Rubin d Cimyun d Zabulun d Isakar d yiwet n teqcict isem-is Dina: imma-t-sen d Liya illi-s n Laban igan d imma-s n Rubin daɣen
* Dan d Naftali: imma-t-sen d Bilha 
* Gad d Acer: imma-t-sen d Zilfa

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tudayt
* Binyamin
* Rubin
* Yuda
Abucenbel amaziɣ

**Abucenbel amaziɣ** neɣ **aɣerda aṛumi** neɣ **Abadaw** (**[[Assaɣ ussnan]]**: *Lemniscomys barbarus*) d yiwet n telmest n temseɣẓaẓ yeṭṭafaren tawsit n ubucenbel deg twacult taɣeṛdayt, Talmest n uɣeṛda ayi tella tettidir s waṭas deg irawen n temdinin n Lezzayer d Umeṛṛuk, maca ar tura zeddiɣ (mazal) yettidir s tuget deg tuddar d igran n tmura ayi gar-asent Tamurt n Iqbayliyen, Abucenbel ur iga ara d asertay (ur ixeddem ara ixeṣṣaren) s unemgal n uɣeṛda wexxam acku yettanef tudsa (aqerreb) ar ufgan

## Aglam
Abucenbel meqqer cwi ɣef tezɣuda, Asallaf-is yugar cwi aqerruy-is d tafekka-ynes

## Ideggan n tudert
Yettidir deg Tefriqt n ugafa, Deg yideggan inefsiren (yejban i yilel) n Umeṛṛuk d Lezzayer d Tmurt n Iqbayliyen d Tunes yakk d temdint n Sebta d Mlilt yeṭṭafaren tamurt n Spanya

## Imihiyen d tgemra

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Udad

**Udad** neɣ **Awdad** neɣ **Afectal** (isem ussnan: **Ammotragus lervia**) d yiwet n telmest n ifunasen yeṭṭafaren adu-twacult n tiɣeṭṭen. Yettidir deg idurar ineẓrafen n Tefriqt ugafa (s anẓul n idurar n waṭlas aneẓraf). Tiddi-ynes (lqedd-is) d amnummsan, ur yugar ara 1,70 cm. Ma d azuk-is gar n 40 ar 145 kg i wewtem amawaṭ, ma d tiddi n  tewtemt ur tugar ara 84 cm.

## Amawal
Deg yakk tutlayin timaziɣin, isem-is **Udad**. Maca awal-a ila (yesɛa) daɣen sin n inumak niḍen: **Afectal** d **Afital**.
Dɣa udad ayẓiw (aɛezri) isem-is Amyan.

## Ideggan n tudert
Udad d aɣersiw yettwaggzen s umihi deg tmura-ynes tiẓaranin (Tamazɣa) am Umeṛṛuk d Lezzayer  d Libya d Nnijer, maca iga d talmest tamekcumt deg Spanya d Marikan.

## Tidu-tlemsin

## Udad deg yidles Amaziɣ

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Kenza Faraḥ

**Kenza Faraḥ**, d tacennayt taqbaylit, tlul ass n 8 yulyu 1986 deg Bgayet, tcennu **RnB**, **hip-hop** akked **pop** s tutlayt tafṛansist.
Seg 2007 ɣer 2012, Kenza faraḥ tezzenz ugar n 500 000 n yiḍebsiyen.

## Tameddurt
Kenza Faraḥ Maɛuc, tekker-d deg wasun wis 15 deg yizenqan n ugafa n temdint n Marsey, tebda txeddem timeɣriwin timecṭaḥ deg yizenqan, tettekki deg temzazzalin n ccna deg yixxamen n yilmeẓyen, atg. Sakkin Kenza Faraḥ Maɛuc temlal-d akked yemfarasen i s-yefkan tagnitt ad tessekles kra n tezlatin deg ustudyu, gar-asent: *Mon ange* (lmalayek-iw); *Trésor* (agerruj) akked * Il m'a trahi* (yexdeɛ-iyi).
Anect-a yerra-d tamuɣli n yemdanen ɣer tama-s, d acu i tt-yeǧǧan testenya ɣef usufeɣ n yiwen n walbum deg ctamber 2006.

## Albumen

## Aḍebsaru
Tiɣɣaṭin

**Tiɣɣaṭin** (**[[Assaɣ ussnan]]**: *Caprinae*) d yiwet n tegrawt n iɣersiwen id yessiliɣen adu-twacult n tfunasiyin, Tettwasenmel-d sɣur John Edward Gray deg useggas n 1821. S umata, Adu-twacult-a dges Amaɣaṭ, izamaren d ucamwa

## Asru

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Aɣeṛda n tregwa

**Aɣeṛda n tregwa** neɣ **Takelmast n yigran** d (Assaɣ ussnan: **Microtus arvalis**) d talmest meẓẓiyen n temseɣẓaẓ yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tmaklasin d tewsit n tlekmast. Aɣersiw-a yettili s tuget deg yilmayen yeldin, yerna tiɣerfin-is zemren-t ad ilint s tuget neɣ s tdrest.

## Aglam

Tafekka n uɣeṛda n tregwa d tin yeččuren yerna tga d tamezzayt (tamdewwrant). Adfar-is gezzil maca yegda tiddi n tfekka-as, Mi ara ad yili d amawaṭ teɣzi ynes tettili gar n 9 ar 13 cm ma d asallaf-is seg 3 ar 4,5 cm. Azuk-is seg 18 ar 50 g

## Amyaraw

## Tamezduɣt

## Tamhazt n telmest

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Ernest Renan

**Joseph Ernest Renan** (tarumit: [ʁənɑ̃]; 28 furar 1823 – 2 tuber 1892) d amussnaw mechur seg tmurt n fransa. Yella d amussnaw n tutlayin tisamiyin, d afilulug, d afiluzuf.
Asmeskel anezway

**Asmeskel anezway** d timerniwt n teẓɣelt tajummant tamnummsant n umadal yakk d timerniwt n tsekta n usneksid n ukaṛbun d imitan d kra n igazen n iden deg tegnawt, igazen-a ttusemman s igazen imessiẓenen acku ttekkayen-t deg ussiẓen (asezɣel) n tegnawt n tegnit, Dɣa tamerniwt deg wammas n teẓɣelt tettwaẓra deg tlemmast n tsut tis 20 anda taẓɣelt n umadal terna s wazal n 0.74 ± 0.18 °C (1.33 ± 0.32 °F) deg tsut yezrin 

## Isemduyen yetturajun
Akerrer

**Akerrer** d yiwen n ufurk gar ifurken n tsemtit yettekkan ɣef taddsa d usihi (aseḥḍer) n wayen yettusemman s *tidusiyin timjurin* neɣ *tidusiyin n tallest* sɣur ugezzan yessuturen tallelt-nsen-t i wakken ad yesseɣli tawaɣit (lada) i kra yiwen, neɣ i wakken ad yessebɣer kra n ibaɣuren 
Ar ass-a zeddiɣ (mazal) llan waṭas n medden tt-xilen d akken imkerrer neɣ agezzan yezmer s ukerrer ad yawi kra n wuguren am waṭṭan d yir amarezg d uggagru d kra n wuguren n iden
Tisemtit

**Tisemtit** d irem amatan yettusexdem i weglam d usenmel n kra n tmeggit yettbeddilen addad n kra n tɣawsa neɣ n umdan deg tjumma n usenfli i yzemren ad telfu (ad teḍru) i tɣawsa neɣ i wemdan war tuffɣa i yilugan n ugama d tasengama, Llan kra n midden ttɣilen d akken timeggiwin-a (n tsemtit) zemren-t ad ffɣen-t i yilugan n tsengama deg kra n waddaden maca s umata yella urway tsemtit d tefrer n ufus d ukerrer, Dɣa awal n Tisemtit yettusexdem d agdawal i yakk irmawen-a yemgaraden wa ɣef wayeṭ

## Tiẓra ɣef tsemtit

## Iskaren

## Tisemtit d yisɣanen

## Tisemtit deg tmuɣli n tussna
Asaflaw

**Asaflaw** neɣ **Bu tqerruyt taberkant** neɣ **Agṭiṭ wuccen** (isem ussnan: **Sylvia atricapilla**) d talmest n yigṭaṭ yeṭṭafaren tawsit n usaflaw yettekkin deg twacult n tsaflawin. Talmest-a  d timinegt tamurant, acku deg tegrest tettidir deg Tefriqt tasbegsant, ma yella deg unebdu tettuɣal ɣer Uruppa d Tefriqt ugafa kra n yimuren n Asya, anda i tessefrurux.

## Aglam
Awtem n usaflaw ila (yesɛa) tebrek sufel n uqerru-yis, ma d tawtemt aqerruy-is d ačini imalen ɣer tezweɣ. Teɣzi n wafrawen-is mi ara ldin gar n 20 ɣer 23 cm. Azuk-is amnummsan iga gar 16 ar 25 g.


Sylvia atricapilla Nice 2008.jpg|Awtem n usaflaw
Sylvia atricappila vogelartinfo chris romeiks R7F4015.jpg|Tawtemt n usaflaw
Jeune fauvette à tête noire 05.jpg|Aknuz (Afrux)
Cuculus canorus bangsi MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.150.31.jpg |*Cuculus canorus bangsi* + *Sylvia atricapilla* 


## Tikeli

### Amyaraw

## Tamezduɣt

## Asčewčew d usiɣi

## Učči
Deg tsemhuyt n umyaraw, Asaflaw itett iburɣas ma deg unebdu (seg Yulyu) iy tett igumma yakk d ifsan i wakken ad tallen (ad tɛawnen) deg inig-is deg taggara n umwan

## [[Tagemra]]
Asaflaw d iswi n ugmar i tmedda deg yideggan n usefrurex. Mači anagar tamedda igemmren asaflaw deg tsekliwin maca ula d afelkay yakk d kra n temsuṭaṭ am treddi d tedɣaɣat d unẓid. Ad yeqqim umcic n wexxam d tasekrart-is (axeṣṣar-is) tameqrant anda iy tett ula d ifruxn-is deg uwdef ayen yeǧǧan imusnawen ad ddmen anect-a d anezgun acku yezmer ad t-y-awi ar umihi n wengar

## Asru
Talmest-a tettwaglem sɣur umusnaw n Swid *[[Carl Von Linné]]* deg useggas n 1758 s ddaw n yisem-is imtelleɣ (*Motacilla atricapilla*)

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Aberzegzaw
* Abuferriw
* Amenferriw
Asaflaw (tawsit)

**Asaflaw** neɣ **Tiberdeffelt** neɣ **Tiččirt** (isem ussnan: **Sylvia**) d tawsit n igṭaṭ yeṭṭafaren tawacult tberdefflin, Tawsit-a degs azal n 7 n telmas. Tella tegber seg wugar n 20 n telmas, send ma ad tettwabḍa deg useggas n 2014 i wakken ad tessileɣ tawsit tamaynut isem-is Curruca.

## Umuɣ n telmas

* Asaflaw — (*Sylvia atricapilla*).
* Asaflaw wurtan — (*Sylvia borin*).
* Tajja — (*Sylvia hortensis)
* [[Tuzwiɣt wallen]] — (*Sylvia melanocephala*).
* [[Asaflaw n Dohrn|Tiččirt n Dohrn]] – (*Sylvia dohrni'').

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Asaflaw wurtan

**Asaflaw n wurtan** neɣ **Tiberdeffelt wurtan** neɣ **Abazul** (isem ussnan: **Sylvia borin**) d yiwet n telmest n yigṭaṭ yeṭṭafaren twacult n tsaflawin. Talmest-a d tin yessegdafen (yessefruruxen) deg wamur ameqran n Uruppa d tlemmast n Asya.

## Aglam
**Tamuɣlit tuffiɣt** 

Asaflaw n wurtan ila tamuɣlit yuddsen s wassaɣ. Akat-is yettawaṭ ɣer 14 cm deg teɣzi, d udinan n wafriw ilan seg 7,6 cm ɣer 8,4 cm, Azuk-is gar n 16 ɣer 22 g, maca yezmer ad yaweṭ alamma d 35,5 ɣer yigṭaṭ yesuddusen (yettheggin) ad inigen. Asaflaw n wurtan ila adfar d wafriwen ɣezzifen.

**Asemyif gar n snat n [[Adu-telmest|tdu-lemsin]] n usaflaw n urtan** 

**Asčewčew**

**Tilmas yettemcabin**

## Amyaraw d ideggan n tudert

## Tasartut

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Tasekkurt

**Tasekkurt** (**[[Assaɣ ussnan]]**: * Perdix*) d assaɣ imezdi id yemmalen kra n telmas n iylalen iy lan (yesɛan) tiseknin timarwaswasin yakk yemmudsen (yettemcabin yakk yemmiqraben) igan d tagemrawt, Tisekrin d tiyuzaṭ s tiddi meẓẓiyen. Tizrawin tussnanin ssknen-t-d d akken irem n *Tsekkurt* ur yesmutur ara yakk tilmas id yekkan seg yiwen n umraw. S yirem n iden tagrawt n tsekrin tga d azunazɣer (paraphyly) ayen yennumken (ayen yebɣan ad yini) d akken tasekkurt mači d tamsartut. Dɣa tisurta n tesnudert am win n IOC yessismil amur ameqran n iylalen-a deg tɣult wadu-twacult n tsekrawin

## Taskant
Tasekkurt d aylal yeẓlin (icebḥen) s waṭas deg wafraw-is d uferfer-is, llant waṭas n telmas n tsekrin deg umadal. Talmest igan d timezdit deg tmurt n Iqbayliyen d tasekkurt tamaziɣt, ma deg Uruppa d tasekkurt tazunɣidt yakk d tasekkurt tazeggaɣt yellan s tuget 

TTiddi n tsekkrin yeṭṭafaren adu-twacult n tsekrawin d win igan gar n tjira meqqren d yifred meẓẓiyen, Učči n tsekrin yezzi ɣef yifsan id tt-affen-t deg tegnit 

## Tazrawt n zik

## Umuɣ n telmas yettusemman Tasekkurt

* Asekkur aṛumi — *[[Asekkur aṛumi|Alectoris graeca]]*
* Asekkur acukaṛ — *[[Asekkur acukaṛ|Alectoris chukar]]*
* Tasekkurt tamaziɣt — *[[Tassekkurt tamaziɣt|Alectoris barbara]]*
* Tasekkurt tazunɣidt — *[[Tasekkurt tazunɣidt|Perdix perdix]]*
* Tasekkurt tinijdit — *[[Tasekkurt tinijdit|Ammoperdix heyi]]*
* Tasekkurt n Tibet — *[[Tasekkurt n Tibet|Perdix hodgsoniae]]*
* Tasekkurt tazeggaɣt — *[[Tasekkurt tazeggaɣt|Alectoris rufa]]*

## Tasekkurt deg yidles alsan

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Pornichet

**Pornichet** d tamdint n Fransa. D tamaneɣt n agezdu (département) n Loire-Atlantique. Zedɣen-tt  n yimezdaɣen. 


 
Pornichet-FR-44-la plage-01.jpg|*Plage des Libraires* (*circa* 1911-1925). 
La plage des Libraires et le boulevard des Océanides à Pornichet.jpg|*Plage des Libraires* (2008). 
Villa Ker Souveraine (façade) - Pornichet.jpg|*Ker Souveraine*. 
Plage de Sainte-Marguerite.jpg|*Plage de Sainte-Marguerite*. 
Course hippodrome.JPG|*Hippodrome de Pornichet*.
Biot

**Biot** d tamdint n Fransa. D tamaneɣt n agezdu (département) n Alpes-Maritimes. Zedɣen-tt  n yimezdaɣen.
Tasekkurt tamaziɣt

**Tasekkurt tamaziɣt** neɣ **Tasekkurt** kan (**[[Assaɣ ussnan|isem ussnan]]**: *Alectoris barbara*) d talmest n tsekrin yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tferdin.

## tasnasileɣt

Tiddi n n wegḍiḍa-a tga gar n 33 ar 36 cm, talɣa n tfekka-as d tamezzayt (tamdewwrnt). Afraw-is d aras yakk d uzunɣid ma deg wadis-is d ačini. Tasekkurt tamaziɣt d agḍiḍ amagad acku mi ara ad isel i wmesli yfsusen kan ad yefferfer. 

## Asegdef
Tebennu igedfen deg tegnit yekkawen. Sin akin ad yessers gar n 15 ar 20 n tmellalin.

## Tikeli
Aylal-a yezmer ad yegg aclag (ad yexdem taqeḍɛit) yettawin gar n 7 ar 100 n tsekrin deg tsemhuyt n tegrest. Afraw-is agtini (multicolor) iga-y-as asengel i gerrzen s waṭas.

### [[Amyaraw]]

Tasemhuyt n umyaraw n tsekkurt d tin id yettilin seg tazwara n Yebrir ɣer taggara n Yunyu. Tawtemt tessrusay gar n 15 ar 20 n tmellalin, maca llant kra n tikwal anda tezmer tewtemt ad tessers alamma d 25 n tmellalin, sin akin ad tezdel fell-asen-t gar n 22 ar 24 n wussan mi ara ad ffɣen ikenzayen (ifeṛṛujen) yeggunin (tt-kalayen) yakk ɣef imawlan-nsen deg usečči. Seld sin n imalasen (snat n ssmanat), ttfɣen-d seg wegdef i wakken ad ksun yakk d imawlan-nsen.

## Ideggan n tudert
Tasekkurt tamaziɣt d talmest n tsekrin yettidiren deg tmura n tmazɣa ayen is-yefkan isem-is. Seg Lezzayer (yakk d Tmurt n Iqbayliyen) ar Umeṛṛuk d Tunes d Muriṭanya ar umalu n Miẓra d tigzirin Tiknariyin yeṭṭafaren tamurt n Spanya.

## Asru

## Tasekkurt deg yidles Aqbayli
Tasekkurt deg yidles Aqbayli d azamul n teẓlit (ccebaḥa) d tfessi.

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Antony

**Antony** d tamdint n Fransa. D tamaneɣt n agezdu (département) n Hauts-de-Seine. Zedɣen-tt  n yimezdaɣen.
Bourg-la-Reine

**Bourg-la-Reine** d tamdint n Fransa. D tamaneɣt n agezdu (département) n Hauts-de-Seine. Zedɣen-tt  n yimezdaɣen. 


 
Bourg-la-Reine Saint-Gilles 19.JPG|*Église Saint-Gilles*. 
Bourg-la-Reine le 23 juillet 2012 - 01.jpg|RER Bourg-la-Reine. 
Hennebique_houseblr.jpg|*Villa Hennebique* (1901-1903). 
Villa Saint Cyr 07.jpg|*Villa Saint Cyr*.
Ameksa wulli

**Ameksa wulli** neɣ **Siwriɣ** neɣ **Tuwriɣt** (**[[isem ussnan]]**: **Oriolus oriolus**) d talmest n yigḍaḍ yeṭṭafaren tawsit n tuwriɣt d twacult n telyatin. Talmest-a d tamnummsant n webleɣ, s teɣzi igan gar n 22 ar 25 cm, yerna tezmer ad tidir alamma d 8 n iseggasen. Ameksa wulli agḍiḍ yettinigen deg unebdu ɣer Uruppa d Asya talemmast d Tefriqt ugafa, ma deg tegrest yettinig ɣer tlemmast d unẓul n Tefriqt.

## Aglam
Ariɣ n uwtem d awraɣ aweṛɣan. Yakk d wafriw n wedfar d aberkan. Dɣa anaw n tmuɣlit-is temgarad yakk ɣef iylalen niḍen yettidiren deg Uruppa d tmurt n Yiqbayliyen. Isem Alatin n umeksa wulli *Oriolus* dɣa awal-a yennumk-d ini awraɣ n wegḍiḍ-a.

Afraw n tewtemt iga d amnummsan ugar. Arur-is d azegza s yini n iferran n uzemmur, ma d adis-is d adnanes yebberqec. Afraw n iknuzen (ifrax) d aras yeɣman (qessiḥen).


Oriolus oriolus Ayodar 1.jpg|*Oriolus oriolus* - Awtem
Oriolus oriolus Ayodar 2.jpg|*Oriolus oriolus* - Tawtemt
Loriot_juvenile.JPG|Afrux.


## Tikeli
**Učči**

Učči n umeksa wulli yezzi ɣef iburɣas meqqren d teswermin am izinzren,  tkeččawin,  iferṭeṭṭa,  warẓaẓen, agayemru, Tadlafriwin yakk d iberruten maca daɣen deg waṭas n wakuden iy tett ula d tissisin yakk d tigritin. Mi ara ad yas wakud n igumma am uredlim, tiyni,  tibexsisin yakk d tizwal yiwet n tayuga n umeksa wulli tezmer ad tt-fakk yakk igumma yellan deg useklu.

## Taẓuni d yideggan n tudert
Ameksa wulli neɣ Tuwriɣt d talmest tamyiwent n tewsit-is yettidiren deg Uruppa d Tmurt n Iqbayliyen. Anda i tettwammẓer deg yakk tmura n Uruppa anagar Skundinavya d tmura n Ubeltik, Deg tegzirin n Britanya iga d imidrus maca yettidir deg tignatin yudren d timnummsanin n waddud.

**Tinigt**

## Amyaraw

Eurasian Golden Oriole (Oriolus oriolus) nest W IMG 9566.jpg|Agdef n umeksa wulli
Oriolus oriolus MHNT 232 Foret de la Mamora Maroc RdN.jpg |thumb|Timellalin n umeksa wulli deg usalay n Toulouse.


Ameksa wulli d aylal iminig. Yettuɣal-d seg tmezduɣt-is n unebdu deg Tefriqt gar n tlemmast n Yebrir d taggara n Mayu s unect n Izerrigen n tehri, dɣa deg wakud-a isekla ččaṛayen d iferran. Ayen iy banen d akken iwetmen d twetmin ttinigen yal uzuf iman-is yerna d iwetmen id yettawaṭen d imenza. Dɣa iy tekker imenɣi deg teɣzi n tallit nni dgi id ttmagen-t tyuga n imeksa wulli.

## Asru

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Agayemru

**Agayemru** (isem ussnan: **Bombus**) d yal agman seg 250 n telmas yettekkin deg tewsit n ***Bombus*** igan d amur deg twacult n tzizwayt (igebren daɣen seg tzizwa). Dɣa tawsit-a tga d tagrawt tamyiwent yellan deg teɣreft n Bombini, ɣas akken llant kra n tewsitin inegren ttilint-as-d. Yettwassnen s tmesɣaz, amdya tin n (***Calyptapis***) i d-ufan imesnudranen deg waṭas n yideggan n wezgan agafan n umaḍal, sin akin ufan-d timesɣaz niḍen deg Marikan n Wenẓul d kra n tamiwin niḍen am Tasmanya d New Zelanda.

## Tasensartut

## Aglam

## Taẓuni d ideggan n tudert

## Assaɣ d ufgan

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Arẓaẓ
Antibes

**Antibes** (s Tuksitant:  *Antíbol*) d tamdint n Fransa. D tamaneɣt n agezdu n Alpes-Maritimes. Zedɣen-tt  n yimezdaɣen.
Draguignan

**Draguignan** (s Tuksitant: *Draguinhan*) d tamdint n Fransa. D tamaneɣt n ugezdu n Var. Zedɣen-tt  n yimezdaɣen.
Arles

**Arles** (s Tuksitant: *Arle*) d tamdint n Fransa. D tamaneɣt n ugezdu n Bouches-du-Rhône. Zedɣen-tt  n yimezdaɣen.
Tinigt n yigḍaḍ

**Tinigt n yigḍaḍ** d tinigt taɣersawt igan d amussu amsemzuyan n waṭas n telmas n yigḍaḍ. Agaǧǧi ayi “deg umedya”, d tarewla ɣef kra n yideggan deg Wanda yettidrus (yettenqas) wučči s usrag (f ssebba) n kra n tmentilin am usnifel n unezwu mi ara ad yeɣli usemmiḍ, maca tinigt-a tettak-d affud meqqren i umyaraw. Deg wakuden igejdanen n tinigt, yettili-d uqaful n wermud n tinigt deg tallit uɣelluy alamma d tlemmast n yiḍ, neɣ ɣef 1 n tnezzayt, deg tefrara irennu-d wemḍan n iminigen (iminigen n wass tikkelt-a).

Aṭas n tumanin ssetrern-t asseknu n tezrawt n tinigt-a. Yakk imanayen erran tamawt i wsemdu n usmeskel anezway ɣef ussezdeɣ yettnernin i kra n telmas am usaflaw d usaflu arurad.

Tinigt n kra n telmas am weswu d tmilla d tfirellas d tin yettusemlin send n 3000 n iseggasen sɣur imeskaren n igrikiyen imziken am Homer d Aristot akken daɣen iy tettusemli deg wedlis n Yub.

## Imniren
Redon

**Redon** d tamdint n Fransa. D tamaneɣt n agezdu (département) n Ille-et-Vilaine. Zedɣen-tt  n yimezdaɣen.
Blois

**Blois** d tamdint n Fransa. D tamaneɣt n agezdu (département) n Loir-et-Cher. Zedɣen-tt  n yimezdaɣen.
Asifliw arurad

**Asifliw** neɣ **Asaflu** neɣ **Asifliw arurad** (isem ussnan: **Phylloscopus collybita**) d talmest n yijqiwen yeṭṭafaren tawsit n usifliw deg tawacult n tsifliwin. Yettidir s tuget deg Uruppa d Tefriqt yakk d Asya. Ini n usifliw arurad d aras izgezwen deg ufella n tfekka-as, yakk d umellal deg wadis-is. Talmest-a tebḍa ɣer kra tdu-lemsin.
Tawtemt tbennu Agdef yemmugen am tkerbust (taqubbet) sufel neɣ zdat n tegnit (lqaɛa) yerna tzeddel ɣef yifrax annen daɣen id tettawi učči. Ma d awtem ur yila ara (ur yesɛa ara) tiremt deg usegdef neɣ deg usečči n yefrax. Maca iy setten (yettḥuddu) ɣef tegnit-is seg yigṭaṭ n iden neɣ mgal n inegmaren. 

Am waṭas n telmas timeẓyanin n yigṭaṭ. Ula d asifliw arurad iga d iswi n kra inegmren imsuḍad am yimcac d tedɣaɣat yakk d kra n tsekliwin nniḍen.

## Aglam
### [[Tafekka]]
Asifliw arurad d yiwen n wegḍiḍ meẓẓiyen, tafekka-ynes teččur, awtem iwzen 8,7 g ma d tawtemt tewzen gar n 6 d 7 g. Amawaḍ n tdu-lmest n wanaw utrim *P. c. collybita*, ila (yesɛa) imuren ifellayen (n ufella) igan d izegza d izurirɣen (ur qessiḥ ara), yakk d waras. Ma d imuren iddayen (n wadda) d imellalen yedda ɣer tewṛeɣ deg wafriwen. Iṭarren-is d ikacbaren-is berrik-it. 


Tugna:Chiffchaff (Phylloscopus collybita).jpg|alt=Un Pouillot véloce vu de profil, tourné vers la gauche, dans des brindilles.|Asaflu arurad d amawaṭ deg ufurk n useklu.
Tugna:Chiffchaff (Phylloscopus collybita) (6).jpg|alt=Un Pouillot véloce de face, posé sur une branche.|Amur adday n usaflu arurad.
File:2017.05.17.-03-Kirschgartshaeuser Schlaege-Mannheim--Zilpzalp.jpg|alt=Un Pouillot véloce sur une tige regardant devant lui. |Asaflu arurad.


Tiwetmin mmirwasen-t (ttemcabin-t) d iwetmen deg tmeẓri n yinan, maca meẓẓiy-it fell-asen. Ma d ifrax gan d arasen deg imuren ifellayen ugar n imawaṭen.

### Tilmas yettemcabin

## Tikeli
### Asčewčew

### Tikeli tamurant

### Učči

Am yal talmest deg twacult-is, agḍiḍ-a meẓẓiyen iga d amesburɣes, anda yettwaf-d itemmed (ileqqeḍ) ibureɣsen (Tasnefriwin *(Diptera)*, s talɣa tagejdant) d ugar n 50 n twaculin nniḍen d kra n telmas n tegritin akken iy tett Timellalin d tkeččawin n iferṭeṭṭa.

### Amyaraw

### Iɣersiwen inegmaren

## Ideggan n tudert

## Tasartut d wesru

## Imihiyen d taggaẓt

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Amenferriw awraɣ

**Amenferriw awraɣ** neɣ **Turiɣt** (**[[Assaɣ ussnan]]**: *Spinus spinus*, Zik nni: *Carduelis spinus*) d yiwet n telmest n igṭaṭ igan d iminig s talɣa tamurant. Aylal-a yeṭṭafar tawacult n tbenferriwin

## Aglam
Amenferriw awraɣ iga d yiwen gar telmas meẓẓiyen yakk deg twacult n ibenferriwen anda ableɣ-is amnummsan 12 cm. Am ifrax am imawaṭen tifekkiwin-nsen d tid yeččuren. Afriwen-nsen d iberkanen yakk d uzawag d awraɣ uddir (afessas) ma d tameccact neɣ tadfart d tawraɣt tezzegzu

Amenferriw awraɣ d win yettemcabin ar temzemleft

### Timeẓrit n uwtem
Awtem ila (yesɛa) tacacit d tamart d iberkanen. Timmiwin n deffir d tiwraɣin ma d imuyag-is d izegza

### Timeẓrit n tewtemt
Tawtemt ur tli ara (ur tesɛi ara) tacacit berriken. Yerna ur tella ara d taberbact am uwtem

### Timeẓrit n wefrux

## Asčewčew d usiɣi

## Tikeli

## Ideggan n tudert

## Učči

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Tasedsut n yebrir

**Tasedsut n yebrir** d talemmiẓt tamensayt deg waṭas n tmura, Talemmiẓt-a tettas-d deg wass amenzu n wayyur n Yebrir deg yall aseggas yettwassen s wexdam ukellex d uskerkes ɣef medden, Tasedsut n yebrir ur yelli ara d ass n umuras amaddud (unṣib) neɣ d ass n usfuggel amaddud, maca iga d ass dgi ttattan (ttaḍsen) w ttkellixen medden ɣef wiyyad

Asfuggel-a yettilid deg wamur ameqran n iɣerfen s wemgarad n yiniten-nsen d yidlsen-nsen. Amur ameqran n inagmayen qqaren-d d akken talemmiẓt-a ttuɣalen iẓuran-is ar Turuft iy bedden ɣef uqejjem (tiqeṣṣert) d ukellex d tikerkas. Dɣa wid yettamnen yakk tikerkas nni qqaren-as *taɣtest n tsedsuyt n yebrir*

## Aẓaṛ

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Ifeɣmes

**Ifeɣmes** (Asget: **ifeɣmasen**) neɣ **Tiggaz** d talmest gar telmas n tuɣmas i yellan deg uɣesmaṛ n ifganen d temsuṭaṭ s umata, yella ar zdat n uɣusmar Afellay d wadday

## Tawuri
Ɣer waṭas n timestuga yakk d irammaten am ufgan ifeɣmasen gan d tuɣmas yessezgan i wegzam n wučči, maca ɣer temcac d uglan iy gezzemen aksum d wučči acku ifeɣmasen-is meẓẓey-it

## Amdan
Amdan n ifeɣmasen d win yemgaraden  s unect (ɛla ḥsab) n telmest d twacult n uɣersiw, amdya ar ufgan (amdan) llan 8 n ifeɣmasen ma ɣer temsuṭaṭ iden am yimcac d iysan llan 12, ɣer temseɣẓaẓ 4 . Ma ɣer iburaɣ 9

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Suduku

**Suduku** (sudoku) d urar i d-ibanen deg useggas n 1979, sɣur Amarikani Huward Garns, maca tikti tekka-d seg umkuẓ Alatini *(carré latin)* d wugur asnakan yettwassnen s yisem n wugur n 36 n yifesyanen *(problème des 36 officiers)* n umusnak Aswisi Lyunard Uler.
Iswi n wurar d taččart n yemkuẓen neɣ n texxamin s wuṭṭunen (tikwal ttekkin ula d isekkilen d yizamulen, acku yemgarad seg suduku ɣer wayeḍ), maca ur ilaq ara ad d-ɣlin sin n wuṭṭunen (isekkilen, izamulen) kifkif deg yiwen n ujerrid, ajgu neɣ iḥder (aḥric neɣ agraw n texxamin).
Suduku i nuɣ tannumi netturar-it yettas-d yesɛa 3x3 n yiḥedran (iḥricen neɣ igrawen n texxamin), yal iḥder ɣur-s 3x3 n texxamin i nettaččar s wuṭṭunen seg 1 ɣer 9. Kra n texxamin ttasent-d ččurent yakan, s yes-sent i nezmer ad d-naf s wacu ara neččar tiyaḍ.

## Aẓar n wawal suduku
Ixef-a d ilem! 
## Amezruy
Ixef-a d ilem!
## Ilugan n wurar
Ixef-a d ilem!

## Muqel daɣen

* Ṭṭrenǧ
* Snap Online
Iɣed

**Iɣed** d tanga id yettegrayen seld n teṛɣi n kra tenga tagmant yakk, dɣa iɣed iga d tanga tarimdeggit i tmeṛɣiwt (ur yettṛuɣ ara)

## Asget d wasuf

## Tasuddest

## Aseqdec

## Iɣed ddg yidles

## Ẓeṛ daɣen

* Timess
* Awwu
Awwu

**Awwu** neɣ **Amɣud** d icubar meẓẓiyen s waṭas iy teddun s uzwu, yettilid deg waddad aquran neɣ amazzal neɣ deg waddad agazay, Awwu i teffeɣ-d ar tilin mi ara ad tili tenga tbedd ar wudem n tmeṛɣiwt neɣ n urugen, Ini-ynes yettilid ya d amellal neɣ d azunɣid neɣ d aberkan

## Iɣbula n wawwu

## Imihiyen n wawwu

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Timess
* Iɣed
Timezmleft

**Timezmleft** neɣ **Ihiẓaw** neɣ **Tamuzbuzt** (**[[isem ussnan]]**: *Serinus serinus*) d talmest n yigḍaḍ meẓẓiyen yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tbenferriwin. Timizrmleft d talmest yellan s waṭas deg Uruppa ula di tmurt n Iqbayliyen, maca mači s tuget am Uruppa. Dɣa talmest-a d tin id yettilin i temzemleft tawraɣt acku zdin deg yiwet n tewsit (*[[timezmleft (tawsit)|timezmleft]]*).

## Aglam
Timezmleft d agmam meẓẓiyen yakk deg twacult n tbenferriwin (gar n telmas timezdiyin yakk), acku tiddi-ynes d tin yettawṭen ar 11,5 cm.   Sufel n wanect-a, tafekka n wegṭiṭ-a d tin igan d tamezzayt (tamdewrant) d uqamum-is meẓẓiyen. 

Awtem d win ilan aqerru d awraɣ, d yidmaren imalen ɣer tizzegzut yakk d timɣilt (adfar n yigḍaḍ). Imuyag-is d adalen (azegza am uzemmur). Azagur-is d wafriwen-is d izunɣiden malen ɣer tizzegzut.

Tawtemt d tin id s-yettemcabin acemma, maca inan-is msullsen (qessiḥ-it) cwiya.

## Taẓuni

## Tinigt

## Asčewčwe

## Asegdef (amyaraw)

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Timsennent
* Amenferriw awraɣ
Azwu

**Azwu** d tagrawt n igazen id yettgin tallunt tagnawit id yezzin ɣef tegnit ar waddud n 880 km, Dɣa tagnawt-a i yeǧǧan tudert tezmer ad tili i yimuddiren (afgan d yimɣan d iɣersiwen), Dɣa azwu i yudsen i tegnit d win isgunfayen (isnuffusen) imuddiren-a yakk
La Rochelle

**La Rochelle** d tamdint n Fransa. D tamaneɣt n agezdu (département) n Charente-Maritime. Zedɣen-tt  n yimezdaɣen.
Ameẓruy

**Ameẓruy** (Asget: **imeẓruyen**) d iggig n wegris i d-yettilin s telɣa n ukawsar. Yettmag-d mi ara ad ttengayen  waman sin akin ad ggursen s usrag n usemmiṭ.

## Asileɣ

## Talɣiwin

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Tanulya

**Tanulya** (isem ussnan: **Acherontia atropos**) d talmest n tkebrafriwin yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tefrijja. Talmest-a tettidir s talɣa tagejdant deg Uruppa d Tefriqt ugafa d usamar alemmas. Tanulya d aferṭeṭṭu meqqren yettinigen.

## Aglam
### Aferṭeṭṭu

Am yakk tifrijjiwin, tanuba n tnulya d aferṭeṭṭu ilan tafekka meqqren. 


Acherontia atropos MHNT dos.jpg | Tanulya - Tawtemt.
Acherontia atropos MHNT ventre.jpg|* Acherontia atropos * - Tawtemt - 
Acherontia atropos bl.jpg|Tiɣimit n tnulya deg tegnit
Acherontia atropos MHNT Tete de mort.jpg|Marque dorsale - MHNT 


### Taẓlift
Tiẓlifin n tnulya ttwassnen-t s taggara n wafriwen-is yemmugen am V. Akken daɣen i tla (tesɛa) icc deg tazwara n tfekka-ynes

## Tanulya d tzizwa

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tinulyiwin
Akunder

**Akunder** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Meriones**) d tagrawt i d-issiliɣen tawsit n ikutayen. Gan d timseɣẓaẓ meẓẓiyen yaṭṭafaren tawacult taɣeṛdayt.

## Ismawen imuranen d yismawen ussnanen

* Akunder anezraf — *Meriones crassus*
* Akunder n Mangulya — *Meriones unguiculatus*
* Akunder n tmazɣa — *Meriones unguiculatus*

## Asesmel
Asesmel n ukunder ar tura mazal ur yefri ara gar imusbawen.

### Tilmas

### Umuɣ n tdu-wsitin, Tilmas d tdu-lmasin

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Akutay
2020

**2020** d aseggas i deg nella tura. Yal 28 n yiseggasen itezzi-d useggas i yecban wagi i deg nella tura, am 1992, 2020, 2048, atg. Acku ɣur-s 366 n wussan, yettas-d umenzu-is deg wass n larebɛa, 29 furar d ssebt, daɣen 31 dujember d lexmis.
2020 d aseggas wis 2020 deg wakud-agi-neɣ, d aseggas wis 20 deg lqern 21, daɣen d aseggas amenzu deg umrawseggas 2020-2029.
Tira n **2020**: >

## Tiswasin-nniḍen
Aseggas **2020** deg teswast tagrigurit (calendrier grégorien), iwulem i useggas n :

* 2970 deg teswast n yimaziɣen (Aseggas amaynut n Yimaziɣen 2969, ad d-yas ass n 12 yennayer 2020);
* 4717 - 4718 deg teswast n yicinwaten.
* 1441 - 1442 deg teswast n yinselmen.

## Ineḍruyen n 2020

### Yennayer
* 12 yennayer 2020: Amenzu n yennayer deg teswast n yimaziɣen (anekcum n useggas amaynut n yimaziɣen 2970).
### Furar

### Meɣres

### Yebrir

### Mayyu

### Yunyu

### Yulyu

### Ɣuct

### Ctamber

### Tuber

### Wamber

### Dujember
1992

**1992** d aseggas wis 1992 deg wakud-agi-neɣ, d aseggas wis 92 deg lqern 20, daɣen d aseggas wis kṛaḍ (3) deg umrawseggas 1990-1999.
Yal 28 n yiseggasen itezzi-d useggas i yecban wagi, am 1992, 2020, 2048, atg. Acku ɣur-s 366 n wussan, yettas-s umenzu-is deg wass n larebɛa, 29 furar d ssebt, daɣen 31 dujember d lexmis.

## Tiswasin-nniḍen

## Ineḍruyen n 1992
Imalas

**Imalas** neɣ** ddurt** d tayunt n wakud deg-s 7 n wussan mseḍfaṛen.
Aseggas ɣur-s 52 n yimalas tikwal 53, imalas ɣur-s 7 n wussan, imalas amenzu deg useggas d win i deg d-yeɣli lexmis amenzu.

## Ussan n yimalas
Ussan n yimalas am akken i yersen deg ISO:

## Amezruy
Ixef-a d ilem

## Ẓer daɣen
*Ass 
*Ayyur
*Aseggas
Huawei

**Huawei** s tcinwat tatrart **华为**, s tcinwat tansayt **華為**, isem-is unṣib: ***Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd***, d takebbanit n tetiknulujiyin n yisallen d teywalt i ibedden deg useggas n 1987 deg Shenzhen deg tmurt n Ccinwa. 
Huawei tqeddec deg ayen icudden ɣer tsenselkimt, iẓeḍwan isenselkamen d tetiknulujiyin n teywayt, atg. Ifuras-is kecmen deg 170 n tmura n umaḍal.
Deg useggas n 2018, takebbanit Huawei tewwi-tt d tis snat (2) deg umaḍal deffir n tkebbanit n Samsung zdat n Apple.

## Anamek n Huawei
Asekkil **華** deg tcinwat lmeɛna-s "Ccinwa", am akken daɣen i yesɛa anamek n "**yelha**", "**yecbaḥ**" neɣ "**igarrez**" . Asekkil **為** ɣur-s anamek n "**tigawt**" neɣ "**axeddim ummid**". **Huawei** ihi mi ara t-nsuqel ɣer teqbaylit ad d-yefk "**axeddim yelhan**" neɣ "**taɣawsa igarrzen (yelhan)**".

## Amezruy

## Ismartfunen

## Iɣbula
Huawei P9

**Huawei P9** d asmartfun yeqwan i texdem takebbanit Huawei, iteddu seddaw Android, yeffeɣ-d i tikelt tamezwarut deg useggas n 2016. 
Huawei P9 yerna-d deffir n Huawei P8, udem yeqqim qrib d win kan, maca rnan-as kra n twuriwin timaynutin.

## Amagger-is deg ssuq

Aṭas n usenqed i d-yellan fell-as d akken d tukerḍa n tektiwin n usmartfun iPhone 6 acku icuba ɣur-s deg waṭas n tɣawsiwin.

## Iɣbula
Skype

**Skype** d aseɣzan (logiciel) n umsiwel s taɣect neɣ s yiẓri deg internet, amsiwel gar umseqdac skype ɣer umseqdac-nniḍen yettili mebla idrimen, maca ɣer tilifun yettili s yedrimen. Skype yettuseqdac daɣen i udiwenni, tuzna n yifuyla neɣ i yisaragen.

## Amezruy
Skype yettwasebded deg useggas n 2003 deg isṭunya sɣur Niklas Zennstrum d Janus Fris , yettwasnefli sɣur Ahti Heinla, Priit Kasesalu d Jaan Tallinn.

## Iɣbula
MATLAB

**MATLAB** *« *'ma**trix **lab*'oratory »* d tutlayt n usihel s iskripten i d-yettwarnan sɣur takebbanit MathWorks, lqem amezwaru yeffeɣ-d deg useggas n 1984. MATLAB yettwasexdam i leḥsabat umḍinen (calculs numériques), deg useggas 2019, tutlayt-agi n usihel ɣur-s azal n 4 imelyunen n yemseqdac ama deg uxeddim neɣ deg unadi usnan.

## Amezruy
Tutlayt MATLAB yexdem-itt Cleve Moler deg taggara n yiseggasen n 1970 seg snat n temkarḍiyin yettwarun s Fortran : LINPACK akked EISPACK4.

Syin d aselmad n tusnakt deg tesdawit n New Mexico, yebɣa ad yeǧǧ inelmaden-nnes ad sqedcen snat-a n temkarḍiyin war ma ssnen Fortran. Cleve Moler yesseqdec-itt sakkin i tesnawiyin ay d-yettunefken deg tesdawit n Stanford anda ay tt-id-snebgin yinelmaden n tusnakt ay iɛeddan ɣef Fortran s tɣawla.

Inelmaden n teknoloji, ladɣa asenfar n tmeẓriwin, ttḥulfun s waṭas ugar. Yiwen n ujenyuṛ, Jack Little, yefhem s tɣawla tizemmar-is, yeffeɣ-d akked yiwen n umdakkel-is, Steve Bangert, akken ad t-id-sbedden s tutlayt C Deg useggas n 1984, Jack Little, Cleve Moler akked Steve Bangert snulfan-d takebbanit The MathWorks akken ad snuzun talɣa tis 1.0 n MATLAB5,6.

MATLAB yennerna sdeffir-s s usdukkel, amedya, n temkarḍit n LAPACK deg useggas n 20007, s usdukkel n yiman-is s waṭas n tfelwiyin n wallalen (Toolbox) d usdukkel n tezmmar i d-ttakent tutlayin nniḍen n usniles am C++ neɣ Java.

## Tasnakta
Aselkim MATLAB yettwabna ɣef tutlayt MATLAB. Tagzemt n tfelwit n yifuyla, yellan d yiwen n uferdis n uḍris n MATLAB, tettaǧǧa-k ad tgeḍ ifuyla isehlen. Iḍrisen n yiḍrisen zemren ad ttwaḥerzen deg ufaylu n uḍris, s umata s umesniles n MATLAB, s talɣa n “uḍris” neɣ ad ttwaḥerzen deg tmeẓla8.
YouTube Premium

**YouTube Premium** (zik YouTube red) d ameẓlu (service) s tedrimt anda tzemreḍ ad twaliḍ meṛṛa tividyutin i yellan deg YouTube mebla asussen (publicité), am akken daɣen i tettmeddu tazmert i useqdac ad iwali tividyutin mebla tuqqna internet d waṭas imeẓla-nniḍen.

YouTube Premium yebda deg wamber 2014 s yisem n **Music Key**, sin akin deg 31 ṭuber 2015 yuɣal d **YouTube Red**, seg 17 mayyu 2018 yuɣal d YouTube Premium.

## Amezruy

## Ẓer daɣen
### Imagraden icudden
* YouTube Music
* YouTube Kids
* YouTube Gaming

### Iseɣwan
* YouTube Premium (Asmel unṣib)

## Iɣbula
Diduc Murad

**Diduc Muṛad** (s tefransist Didouche Mourad s taɛrabt : ديدوش مراد), ilul ass n 13 Yulyu 1927 di Lezzayer tamanaɣt, yemmut ass n 18 Yennayer 1955 di Condé-Smendou di Qsenṭina. D yiwen gar sdis imeɣnasen i yesbedden Tirni n Weslelli Aɣelnaw, daɣen d netta i yellan ɣef uqeṛṛu n Minṭaqa n Qsenṭina si 1 unbir 1954 armi i yemmut.

## Tameddurt-is
### Timeḍrit d ussinen

Diduc Muṛad ilul deg wegmam 'La Redoute' (tura El Muṛadiya) di Lezzayer tamanaɣt, imawlan-is d iqbayliyen si teddart Iberskriyen n tɣiwant Aɣrib di Tizi Wezzu, yeɣra deg uɣerbaz amezwaru n El Muṛadiya syin yekcem ar tesnawit n Ruisseau.

### Amennuɣ ɣef uzarug n tmurt n Lezzayer

Ikcem s Akabar n Wegdud Azzayri (MTLD) deg useggas n 1942. Deg useggas n 1947 yella daɣen gar wid id-yesnulfan Tuddsa Tuffirt (OS), d tuddsa i yellan tettheggi i ṭṭraḍ i wakken ad tekkes tsehrest n Fṛansa si tmurt n Lezzayer. Yettwaṭṭef di 1950 mi tfaq fransa i tuddsa tuffirt, acu kan yerwel-d seg wmmas n temsulta. Yemlal Mesṭafa Benbul3id di 1952 di lezzayer, anda ttkemmilen ahil n tuddsa tuffirt.

Deg unebdu n 1954, Muḥamed Buḍiaf ijemɛed 22 n yimeɣnasen n tuddsa tuffirt, gar-asen Diduc, Benbulɛid, Benmhidi ..atg deg wexxam n Lyes Derric id-yusan di Clos-Salembier, deg unejmuɛ-a ɣetsen ad bdun ṭṭraḍ uslelli n lezzayer mgal Fṛansa, daɣen fernen-d sdis n imasayen ara iḍebren ɣef tegrawla gar-asen semmus n iqeṛṛay n twilaytin. Ssi Ɛebdelqader sersent ɣef uqeṛṛu n twilayet tis snat (Qsenṭina). 

D netta akked Buḍiaf i yuran Taseɣret n umezwaru n wunbir, iwakken ad sfehmen i wegdud azzayri iwacu i yuiln s adrar, akked wayɣer ilaq ad ten-ɛawnen.

Yemmut Diduc Muṛad ass n 18 yennayer 1955, deg imenɣi n Dewwar Swadek, di Condé-Smendu, di Qsenṭina (Tura Ziɣut Yusef). D netta i d aqeṛṛu n twilayet amezwaru ara yettwaɣen, mi yemmut sersen Ziɣut Yusef deg wemkan-is.

### Tajmilt

Semman fell-as yiwen seg izeglalen imeqqranen n Lezzayer tamanaɣt.
Tiginit

**Tiginit** neɣ **Taferkit** neɣ **Aẓlum** d tissi tuffiɣt n tadra n yimɣan n wesɣaṛ, Dɣa imɣan anda yella tginit d isekla d tmedkin yakk d triwa.

## Aglam amɣaw

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Tara

**Tara** (Asget: Tiriwa), (Assaɣ ussnan: **Vitis**) d tawsit n yimɣan anda llant wazal n 60 n telmas, Talmest ilan (yesɛan) azal akk gar-asent d tara n tẓurin yettwaẓẓun i wakken ad tefk tiẓurin

## Ideggan n wemɣay

## Tilmas

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Tiẓurin

**Tiẓurin** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Grape**) d talmest n yimɣan yeṭṭafaren tawsit n Tara, Tara n tẓurin tettak-d agummu id y-ittekkren deg iguza (yal agazu dges aṭas n taqqayin)

## Uẓu d ufares n tẓurin

## Tilmas n tẓurin

## [[Ifes|ifsan]]

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Azerkeṭṭif

**Azerkeṭṭif** neɣ **Aseqsaq** d isem imezdi i d-immalen aṭas n telmas n yigṭaṭ. Deg Uruppa d Tmurt n Yiqbayliyen d Tefriqt n Ugafa s umata, yemmal-d Azerkeṭṭif aberkan s talɣa tagejdant yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tmerga, maca isem-a yezmer daɣen ad immal aṭas n telmas n tewsitin d twaculin nniḍen.

## Umuɣ n izerkeṭṭifen
* Asudder asaqsaq – (*Hypsipetes crassirostris*]]. «seg twacult n usudder), Talmest-a tettidir di Tmurt n Seychelles»
* Aseqsaq — (Turdus merula).
* Azerkeṭṭif abissinay – (*Turdus abyssinicus*). 
* Butezra ― (*Turdus torquatus*).
* Azerkeṭṭif aras — (Turdus grayi).
* Azerkeṭṭif uwṛiɣ — (Turdus pallidus).

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
YouTube

**YouTube** s teqbaylit nezmer ad t-naru **yutub**, d asmel web n umaslan (hébergemen) n tvidyutin am akken i yella daɣen d aẓeṭṭa imetti anda iseqdacen zemren ad aznen neɣ ad ẓren tividyutin, ad eǧǧen iwenniten, ṛṛay-nsen neɣ ad bḍun (ad zuzren) tividyutin.

YouTube yettwarna-d deg fuṛaṛ 2005 sɣur Steve Chen, Chad Hurley d Jawed Karim, kraḍ (3) n ixeddamen iqdimen n PayPal, tuɣal tewwi-ten Google ɣur-s deg ṭuber 2006 s 1.6 imelyaren n dulaṛ.

Deg useggas n 2009, ugar n 350 imelyan n yemdanen i irezzun ɣer wesmel-agi yal ayyur. Deg 28 ṭuber 2010, meṛṛa imaṭṭafen YouTube wwḍen ɣer umelyar n inezdiyen, am akken daɣen deg useggas n 2018, ugar n 1.9 imelyaren n iseqdacen i iteqqnen ɣer YouTube yal ayyur.

## Amezruy

Takebbanit tettwarna-d deg fuṛaṛ 2005 sɣur Chad Hurley, Steve Chen d Jawed Karim. Deg tazwara llan bɣan-t ad yili d asmel i wemlili n yilmeẓyen s useqdec n tvidyutin, maca imesbedden beddlen ṛṛay-nsen kra n wussan kan segmi bdan. Tavidyut tamezwarut i yettwarnan ɣer youtube d tin n Jawed Karim deg 23 yebrir 2005 ɣef 20:27.

Deg 9 ṭuber 2006, Google tuɣ YouTube s 1.65 imelyaren n dulaṛ mebla ma yeḍra-d ubeddel deg yisem-is, am akken daɣen i teǧǧa 67 seg yixeddamen-is gar-asen Chad Hurley d Steve Chen.

### Agrudem n YouTube


File:Logo of YouTube (2006-2011).svg|14 fuṛaṛ 2005 ɣer 11 ṭuber 2011 (dujember 2011 deg usmel).
File:Logo of YouTube (2011-2013).svg|11 ṭuber 2011 (dujember 2011 deg usmel) ɣer 19 dujember 2013.
File:Logo of YouTube (2013-2015).svg|19 dujember 2013 ɣer ṭuber 2015.
File:Logo of YouTube (2015-2017).svg|Ṭuber 2015 alma d 29 ɣuct 2017.
File:YouTube Logo 2017.svg|29 ɣuct 2017 ɣer yunyu 2024.
File:YouTube 2024.svg|Seg yunyu 2024.


## Ẓer daɣen

### Imeẓla yeqqnen

* YouTube Premium
* YouTube Music
* YouTube Kids
* YouTube Gaming

### Iseɣwan
* Asmel unsib
* YouTube aziraz

## Iɣbula
1984

**1984** d aseggas i yesɛan 366 n wussan, yebda ass n lḥedd, 29 furar yeɣli-d deg wass n larebɛa daɣen 31 dujember deg letnayen.

## Tiswassin-nniḍen
Aseggas **1984** deg teswast tagrigurit (calendrier grégorien), iwulem i useggas n :

* 2934 deg teswast n yimaziɣen (Aseggas amaynut n yimaziɣen 2934, yusa-d ass n 12 yennayer 1984)

## Ineḍruyen n 1984

### Yennayer

### Furar

### Meɣres

### Yebrir

### Mayyu

### Yunyu

### Yulyu

### Ɣuct

### Ctamber

### Tuber

### Wamber

### Dujember
Aseqsaq

**Azerkeṭṭif** neɣ **Aseqsaq** (isem ussnan: **Turdus merula**) d talmest n ijqiwen yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tmerga. 
Talmest-a tettidir deg Uruppa, Asya d Tefriqt Ugafa. Akken daɣen i tettusekcdm ɣerr Tmurt n Ustṛalya d New Ziland. Llant waṭas n tdulemsin n izerkeṭṭifen deg tjummiwin i meqqren. Azerkeṭṭif yezmer ad yili d iminig neɣ arminig (Ur yettinig ara).

## Aglam

## Tasnileɣt

## Tikeli

## Asru

## Imizan igamanen

## Azerkeṭṭif deg yidles

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Timerga

**Timerga** (isem ussnan: **Turdidae**) d tawacult n ijqiwen igebren azal n 17 n tewsitin d wugar n 167 n telmas.

## Aẓaṛ n wawal

## Tasnudert

## Asru

## Tiwsitin

* Amergu – (*Turdus*).

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Icidi

**Icidi** neɣ **Warmizan** (yettwassnen s **tebbib**) (isem ussnan: **Upupa epops**) d yiwet n telmest n yigḍaḍ yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tcidiyin. Snat n telmas nniden gan-t d icidi n Madagaskar yakk d icidi acafcal inegren di tsut tis 15.

## Tikeli

## Amyaraw

## Ideggan n tudert

## Tinigt

## Asru

## Icidi deg yidles

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Ticidiyin

**Ticidiyin** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Upupidae**) d tawacult n yigḍaḍ igebren seg yiwet kan n tewsit. Dɣa tawsit-a llan degs snat n telmas n icidiyen d yiwet n talmest tenger.

## Tilmas
S unect n tsartut n umnir n uswir amsaylal agraɣlan (alqem (15.1, 2025), Tawacult n tcidiyin tettugenses s 3 n telmas yeṭṭafaren tawsit tamyiwent (*[[icidi (tawsit)|icidi]]*): 

* Icidi Urasyan – (*Upupa epops*). 
* Icidi n Madagaskar – (*Upupa marginata*). 
* † Icidi acafcal – (*Upupa antaios*). 

## Asru

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Amaklas

**Imaklasen** (Asuf: **Amaklas**), (Assaɣ ussnan: **Cricetinae**) d adu-twacult meẓẓiyen n temseɣẓaẓ yettemcabin iɣerdayen, aṭas seg telmas-is ttwagraden-t deg kra n tmura am tid n Uruppa d Marikan, Yettwassnen d akken ila (yesɛa) iwsan (lejyub) deg imi-ynes i wakken ad yeffer deg-sen učči

Adu-twacult-a llant dges wazal n 25 n telmas yeṭṭafaren 7 n tewsitin

## Assiseɣ d wesru
Akin-a igburen (ayen yellan) deg twacult n timaklasin (Muridae) yettwassers d tid nniden yellan deg wadu-twacult n tɣeṛdayt (Muridae) maca tizrawin tineggura malen-t ar wakken ad akzen-t 6 n twaculin. Anda timaklasin gan-tent d afeltwacult n temseɣẓaẓ

Kra n tluganin am ITIS zeddiɣ (mazal) yesẓunay tiɣerdayin deg wadu-twaculin kan

### Umuɣ n tewsitin
Tadu-twaculta sebɛa ɣef 7 n tewsitin s unect (ɛla ḥsab) n usismel n Linné:

S unect n ITIS (31 tub. 2010), Animal Diversity Web|ADW]] (14 Mayu 2011) d Mammal Species of the World (alqem 3, 2005) (14 mayu 2011):

* Tawsit n Allocricetulus Argyropulo, 1933 - 2 n telmas
* Tawsit n Cansumys Allen, 1928 - yiwet n telmest
* Tawsit n Cricetulus Milne-Edwards, 1867 - 7 n telmas
* Tawsit n Cricetus Leske, 1779 - yiwet n telmest tgad Amaklas imezdi 
* Tawsit n Mesocricetus Nehring, 1898 - 4 n telmas, gar-asent Amaklas uṛɣan 
* Tawsit n Phodopus Miller, 1910 - 3 n telmas

## Tiskanin timezdiyin
Yal talmest n imaskalen tla (tesɛa) taskant. ama deg yimgaraden deg tfekka, deg tiddi, deg tkeli neɣ ula deg ideg n tudert agaman  

### Tasnileɣt

### Asedger
Imaskalen d iɣersiwen yeṭṭfen asedger arakal agaman deg Tefriqt Ugafa, kra n izegnan n Uruppa, deg usamer alemmas ar usamer n Sibirya yakk d Ccinwa

Yakk tilmas n imaskalen zdint deg tudert tagamant deg tegnatin d izaɣaren yeldin neɣ iɣuranen am tneẓruft, izawaɣen, igran ... Atg

### Učči

### Amyaraw

## Tiremt tareygmant

## [[Agrad]]

## Amaklas deg yidles

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Tamzit

**Tamzit** neɣ **Awsi** d ackar meẓẓiyen yettusxedmen deg kra n iselsa i twaffra n kra n tɣawsiwin am yidrimen d tuccar (tisura) d wayen nniden
Le tamzit n'est pas kabyle c chaouia mzabiya et terguiya 
Revoir vos sources svp

## Aẓaṛ n wawal

## Amezruy

## Tilmas n timziyin

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Afeltwacult

**Afeltwacult** deg tesnudert d aswir amnummsan (ulmis). Deg tsartut n tesnudert tga d yiwet n tseddart n twacult akken daɣen i tga d adras amessarti gar n twacult d tfesna.

## Idrasen imessartiyen nniden

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Tareẓẓazt tazegzawt

**Tareẓẓazt tazegzawt** (isem ussnan: ** Monticola solitarius**) d yiwet n telmest n treẓẓazin yeṭṭafaren tawacult n timesmineqṛin (*Muscicapidae*). 

Tafekka n wejqiw-a d tin yeččuren. Talmest-a d timinigt, tettidir deg tɣaltin n yiẓra d yideggan n wuẓu d wurtan yakk d iɣezrawen.

## Aglam
### Tugna

Tiddi-ynes tga gar n 21 ɣer 23 cm, Azuk-is gar n 37 ɣer 54 g. Afraw n uwtem iga d Azegzaw azunɣid, war tamuɣli ɣer wafriwen-is d udfar-is igan d imsullsen (qessiḥ-it) ugar. Tawtemt d yifrax gan d arasen (iqahwiyen).

### [[Asčewčew]]

## [[Amyaraw]]

## Umuɣ n [[adu-telmest|tdulemsin]]

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tammant
Butezra

**Butezra** neɣ **Butxelxalt tamellalt** (isem ussnan: **Turdus torquatus**) d talmest n ijqiwen yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tmerga. Dɣa iga d agdazal amsedrar n uzerkeṭṭif aberkan, acku d Win i t-yudsen (i id-t-iqerben) s waṭas.

## Aglam
Tiddi-ynes d tugna-ynes d tin yettaken tarwest (ccbiha) i uzerkeṭṭif aberkan, maca yesdid (yeḍɛef) fell-as amacemma, iri ynes yugar agla n uzerkeṭṭif aberkan ma d afriwen-is meẓẓey-it fell-as. Awtem d aberkan, maca ila (yesɛa) tazzirt yettemcabin taxlalt s ddaw n yiri-ynes. 

• Tiddi: 23 ɣer 25 cm.
• Azarag: 13,4 ɣer 14,5 cm.
• Aqamum: 1,6 ɣer 1,8 cm.
• Azuk: 90 ɣer 138 g.

## Ideggan n tudert

## Učči

## Amyaraw

## Tiwlafin

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Allocricetulus

**Allocricetulus** d tudersent n imaklasen yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tmaklasin d tfesna n temseɣẓaẓ

## Tilmas
* Amaklas n Mangulya (*Allocricetulus curtatus*) — Allen, 1925
* Amaklas aversmann (*Allocricetulus eversmanni*) Brandt, 1859

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Amaklas
Amaklas ugzil

**Amaklas ugzil** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Cricetulus**) d tawsit n imaklasen igezlanen ilan asallaf meqqee (2 ar 3 cm)

## Umuɣ n telmas
* Amaklas n Ladakh (*Cricetulus alticola*) Thomas, 1917
* Amaklas imzerreg (*Cricetulus barabensis*) Pallas, 1773
** Cricetulus griseus (*Cricetulus griseus*), yettumeggez d adu-telmest n umaklas imzerreg
* Amaklas n Tíbet (*Cricetulus kamensis*) Satunin, 1903
* Amaklas busallaf (*Cricetulus longicaudatus*) Milne-Edwards, 1867
* Amaklas iminig (*Cricetulus migratorius*) (Pallas, 1773)
* Amaklas n sokolov (*Cricetulus sokolovi*) Orlov d Malygin, 1988

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Amaklas n Gansu (tawsit)

**Amaklas n Gansu** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Cansumys canus**) d talmest n umaklas yettili di tmurt n Ccinwa, Talmest-a tga d talmest tamyiwent deg tewsit n **Cansumys**

## Taẓuni d umyaraw

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Amaklas imezdi (tawsit)

**Amaklas imezdi** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Cricetus**) d tawsit n imaklasen yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tmaklasin deg tfesna n temseɣẓaẓ, dɣa iga d agensas amyiwen n teɣreft n **Cricetini**

## Taẓuni

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Amaklas imezdi

**Amaklas imezdi** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Cricetus cricetus**) dctalmest meẓẓiyen n imaklasen yaṭṭafaren tafesn n temseɣẓaẓ. Talmest-a n imaklasen tettidir deg Uruppa d Asya. Iga d amaklas ig meqqren akk yerna d talmest tamyaddart (n tallit-a) tamyiwent n tewsit n ''Cricetus'' akken daɣen iga d talmest tamyiwent yettidiren s talɣa tazagrant (Sauvage) deg Uruppa tutrimt, Ɣas akken llan-d waṭas n isegduyen (Mesures) i taggaẓt d usnerni n telmest-a maca deg useggas n 2009 tettwameggez d akken-it (d yiwet gar n telmas n tesuṭaṭ yettwaggzen yakk s waṭas s umihi n wengar) s unect (ɛla ḥsab) n tesmilt n Uruppa

## Aglam
### Tasnileɣt

Amaklas imezdi d win ilan (yesɛan) asallaf meẓẓiyen, imeẓẓaɣ-is meqqr-it s imik (cwiṭ), Aẓlum-is s 3 n yiniten (amellal d uzeggaɣ s afella d uberkan deg wadda) 
Amawaṭ n umaklas imezdi yettili-d wazuk-is gar n 220 ar 460 g (azal afellay deg 150 ar 500 g), Teɣzi n tfekka-s 20 cm ma d asallaf-is 5 cm 

### Amyaraw

### Tikeli

## Taẓuni

## Amezruy, d waddad n taggaẓt

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Amaklas
Amaklas uṛɣan

**Ameklas uṛɣan** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Mesocricetus auratus**) d talmest meẓẓiyen n temseɣẓaẓ yettidiren deg Tmurt n Surya d Turkya, dɣa iga d amaklas yettwaẓunin s tuget (yettilin s tuget) deg yal ideg deg umadal acku kra n izeɣren n umaklas uṛɣan Gant d tilmas timegrudin 

## Aglam

## Amaklas uṛɣan azagir

## Amaklas uṛɣan amegrud

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Amaklas imezdi
* Amaklas
Timaklasin

**Timaklasin** (Assaɣ ussnan: **Cricetidae**) d tawacult n temseɣẓaẓ, Akin-a igburen (ayen yellan deg ...) ttwasersen d adu-twacult deg ''Muridae'' maca tizrawin tineggura malen-t ar usersi n 6 n twaculin. Anda timaklasin gant d afeltwacult

Tawacult-a tennilfa-d deg useggas n 1817 sɣur usnudran n Tmurt n Rusya (Anelman n uẓar) Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim (1771-1853)

## Umuɣ n [[adu-twacult|tdu-twaculin]]
* Adu-twacult n Arvicolinae