Tokyo

Tokyo, tamaneɣt n Japun, tettwasbedd s yisem n Edo deg tazwara n uwines (lqern) wis 17, yerna tuɣal d tamaneɣt deg 1868 deg tallit n Uɛiwed n Meiji. Tezga-d deg tama n wegmuḍ (ccerq) n tegzirt n Honshu, ass-a d yiwet seg temdinin ay yesɛan aṭas n yimezdaɣen yerna d tin ay d-yesfaydin seg teknussna (technologie) deg umaḍal. Tokyo d alemmas n tedrimt amaḍlan yerna d axxam n tesdawiyin tidelsanin yettwassnen. Taɣremt-a ttwabnan-tt-id deffir tmeskanin timeqranin am znezla n 1923 akked trad tamaḍlant tis snat.

Tukyu tezga-d deg tlisa n wenẓul n tegzirt tameqrant n tmurt n Japun, Honshū, d yiwet seg 47 n tɣiwanin n Japun. D ammas asertan agejdan n Archipel seg uwines wis 17, tamdint-a tella deg-s tuget n tsuda n tmurt : tazedɣa tameqqrant n Ugellid n Japun, Aneɣlaf Amezwaru, d amkan n Useqqamu n Diet (amni ajapuni), Aseqqamu n Unabaḍ, ineɣlafen. i t-id-yesbedden am wakken i t-id-sbedden akk tmahelt (ambassade) n tmura tiberraniyin.

Deg laṣel, Tokyo tella kan d taddart tamecṭuḥt n iṣeggaden n yiselman umi semman Edo (“tawwurt n wasi"). Edo yettwasbedd deg uwinas wis 15, yerna yuɣal d llsas aserdasi n shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu deg tgara n uwines wis 16, sakkin d tamaneɣt n unabaḍ-nnes afudali. Deg tallit n Edo (1603-1868), tamdint-a tennerna yerna tuɣal d yiwet seg tmura ay yesɛan aṭas n yimezdaɣen deg umaḍal deg taggara n nuwines wis 18, yerna llan deg-s qrib amelyun n yimezdaɣen. S ussebded n ugellid deg 1868, tettwassejhed deg wemkan-nnes n wul asertan n Japun : Leqṣer n Edo yuɣal d tazedɣa n ugellid Meiji (Kōkyo), yerna tamdint-a tesɛa isem-nnes n wass-a deg wemkan n Kyoto , tamaneɣt taqburt. Tettwaxṣer deg 1923 s tmes n 7,9 n tfesniwin ay d-yeǧǧan ugar n 100.000 n yemdanen ay yemmuten. Deg Wemgaru Amaḍlan Wis Sin, azgen seg-s sdermen-t s lbumbat n yigenni n Yimarikaniyen. Lbumbat n tmes sserɣent tamdint-a yerna ssawḍent ad mmuten ugar n 100.000 n medden. Tamdint-nni tettwabna s tɣawla deffir n ṭṭrad. Deg wezgen wis sin n lqern wis 20, Tokyo tuɣal d tamdint tameqrant n uswir amaḍlan s lmendad n usnerni (développement) amguran (industriel) ijehden, ladɣa deg tɣawsiwin tilikṭruniyin, yerna teẓra imezdaɣen-nnes nnernan s mraw n tikkal deg xemsin n yiseggasen.

Alemmas adamsan d tedrimt agejdan n Japun, Tokyo d yiwen seg wammasen imeqranen n tedrimt n Asya d umaḍal. D nettat ay d tamdint tamezwarut deg umaḍal deg wayen yerzan ifarisen imdinanen n tmurt6. Taɣiwant n Shinjuku ay d-yellan s tdinamit tesɛa aṭas n tmeqbert n yigenni, gar-asent tazeqqa n temdint, d waṭas n tḥuna timeqranin n Japun. Minato-ku tesɛa axxam n tkebbaniyin tijapuniyin d tmura tiberraniyin, am wakken ay llant azal n xemsin n tmahelt (ambassade). Chiyoda tessemras tiddukliwin tisertiyin n Japun. Deg tgara, Shibuya tettwassen imi ay d yiwet seg tɣiwanin ay d-yettawin tudert deg temdint-a, s lmendad n tilin n yimukan imeqranen n tmerrit am 109. Ɣas ma yella lebni-nnes (architecture) d amaynut, am wakken ay d-tban lbuṛj n Tokyo Skytree, aṭas n yimukan n tẓallit ed yiɣerbazen n tẓallit n Yibuḍḍiyen ay yellan llan . ttwabnan-d neɣ, i kra, ttwaḥerzen s kra n tɣawsiwin deffir lbumbat-nni, am Sensō-ji, amkan n tẓallit n Yasukuni, Zōjō-ji neɣ tawwurt n Hōzōmon.

Tezga-d deg tlemmast n Ugelmim n Tokyo, yerna tesɛa amkan n tedbelt (administration) ay d-yellan s wazal-nnes, imi tamdint n Tokyo ed Temnaḍt n Tokyo sdukklent-tt deg 1943. Tamnaḍt tameqrant n Tokyo, ay d-yezgan nnig n tlisa n tɣiwant-a, tesɛa azal ameqran deg Ugelmim n Tokyo . am wakken ay d-tella temnaḍt n Kantō. D nettat ay d llsas agejdan n « temdinin timeqranin n Japun », gar-asent Osaka ed Nagoya. Tawilayt-a tessuddes-d Uraren Ulimpiyen n unebdu n 1964 d 2021.

Deg 2021, Tukyu tettwaḥseb d tamdint tameqrant tis kraḍt deg umaḍal ɣef leḥsab n uswir n Global Power City. D nettat ay d tamdint tis 4 deg umaḍal deg uswir n tkebbanit n tmuɣliwin (consultants) n Kearney.