Tagrawla Tafṛansist

**Tagrawla Tafṛansist** d tallit n ccwal ameqqran n tmetti d tsertit di Fṛansa, i yebdan seg 1789 armi d 1799. Deg tallit-a, aɣref afṛansis yekkes tagelda i yḥekmen seg wacḥal, yerna yesbedd imenzayen imaynuten n "**Tlelli, Tagmat, Tamsawit** ".

## Sebbat n Tegrawla
Tagrawla ur d-teskif ara akka kan, maca d analkam n waṭas n sebbat i ynejmaɛen:

# **Tazɣent tanmettit:**
#* Anagraw n tmetti afṛansis yella yebḍa ɣef kraḍ n tesmilin :
#*# **Irgazen n usɣan**: Wid n ddin.
#*# **Imarkatiyin**: Iɣellaten d yimawlan n wakal.
#*# **Aɣref** **n wedda**: D nutni i d 97% n lɣaci (imexdamen, ifellaḥen, imzenza...).
#* Irgazen n usɣan d Imarkatiyin ur ttexellṣen ara tiwsi, ma d Aɣref , ɣas akken d nutni i d taɣbalut n tnezzut , d nutni i gezzmen ugar deg uḥric n tewsiwin.
# **Tazɣent n Tnezzut :**
#* Adabu  n ugellid Lwis XVI yella deg yiwen wassif n ureṭṭal s sebba n ccwalat d imguren i gexdem, am tin n Tmarikan.
#* Laẓ d lḥif n lqut llan s tuget imi tadamsa teɣli.
# **Tidmiyin n Teftilin:**
#* Ifelsafiyen am *Rousseau, [[Voltaire|Vultir]], d [[Montesquieu]]* llan ssefruruyen-d tidmi tamaynut: medden lulen d ilelliyen, yessefk adabu ad yili s ufus n weɣref (Tugdut ), mačči d adabu amagdez n yiwen ugellid.
#* Bɣan assebḍi n yiduba d tɣdemt i medden merṛa.

## Tamhezt n Tegrawla
Tagrawla tebḍa ɣef waṭas n talliyin, yal yiwet s yineḍwiyen-is:

### Tuṭṭfa n Bastille (1789)

* **Mayyu 1789:** Lwis XVI yesnejmaɛ-d "*Les États Généraux*" (**imnni n** **kraḍ n tesmilin** ) akken ad affen tifrat i tezɣent n yidrimen.
* **Yunyu 1789:** Imazanen n Weɣref guman anagraw n ufran(lvut) aqdim (yal tasmilt  s yiwet n ufran), rran iman-nsen d "Agraw Aɣelnaw" , bɣan ad arun tamendawt i Fṛansa.
* **14 Yulyu 1789 (Tuṭṭfa n Bastil):** Aɣref n Paris, s lḥirṣ d waṭas n laẓ, ṭṭfen lḥebs n Bastil. Lḥebs-a yella d azamul n udabu amagdez  n ugellid. Tuṭṭfa-ines d azamul n tazwara n tegrawla.

### Tagara n Wegraw Aqdim d Uswenni n Yizerfan

* **Ɣuct 1789:** Agraw Aɣelnaw yesfeḍ (yekkas) taseglut n yimḍabren (wid n ddin d imarkatiyin). D tagrara n unagraw aqdim.
* **26** **Ɣuct 1789:** Yeffeɣ-d "Aswenni n Yizerfan n Umdan d Uɣerman". Aswenni-a yeqqar-d belli medden lulen-d s tlelli, sɛan tamsawit deg izerfan, yerna adabu ilaq ad d-yekk seg weɣref.

* **1791:** Fṛansa tuɣal d tagellidt tamendawant. Agellid Lwis XVI yeqqim, maca adabu-ines yuɣal yesɛa tilisa s yimni n wegdud.
* Maca, agellid yerwel, yeɛreḍ ad yeddu d yigeldan n Tuṛuft nniḍen akken ad rren adabu-ines. Ṭṭfen-t.
* **September 1792:** Kksen  tagelda s wudem unṣib, beddlen-tt s Tegduda Tafṛansist Tamezwarut.

### Tallit n Tergagit(tugdi)
D tallit yerkan akk deg tegrawla. Fṛansa tella deg ccwal d yigeldan n Tuṛuft (Prusse, Autriche), yerna llan wid i d-yekkaten mgal tagrawla di daxel n tmurt. yella-d usbeddi n "Tasqamut n Uselek n uɣref"**:** D tarbaɛt n yimḍebbren, amsefrak ameqqran deg-sen d *Maximilyan Rubispyir*. S yisem n usellek n tegrawla, bdan azaraf u ḥekmen s lmut ɣef yal win iɣef cukken belli d axṣim n tegrawla. aladgha s useqardec n "tmacint l mut" i yellan d afecku n tgezmet n yiqerray i xeddmen s tuget. Agellid Lwis XVI (Yennayer 1793) d tmeṭṭut-is Mari-Untwanit llan gar tiɣtas timeqranin. llan wid i walan belli azal n 40,000 n medden i yettwanɣan deg tallit-a. D aɣan i ɣef tella tmetti akken ad tesseɣli iɛdawen-is. Ula d Rubispyir s yiman-is, i yellan d aqerru n Tergagi-a, yettwanɣa s Tmacint-a, imi ula d imddukkal-is uɣalen uggaden-t. Seld tallit-a n tergagit d tugdi, Fṛansa tebɣa ad d-terr talwit. Sbedden anagraw amaynut n udabu  umi semman "Tamehla" (1795). Llan 5 n yimḍebbren i yeḥekmen. Maca, anagraw -a yella d aferkak. Tella-d tezɣent n tnezzut, llan yijacuyin si tama tazelmaḍt d Igeldanen seg tama tayeffust.

Deg tallit-a, yella yiwen ujiniṛal n ṭṭrad isem-is *Napulyun Bunapart*, yella yessewsaɛ timura i teṭṭef Fṛansa. Deg 9 Nwembeṛ 1799, Napuyun Bunapart, s lemɛawna n kra n yiserdasen d yimḍebbren, yeddem adabu s yiwet n "Tyita n unwanek". D tagara n Tegrawla Tafṛansist, maca d tazwara n tallit n Napuliyun, i yuɣalen d Amenkad n Fṛansa, yerna yebna tamnekda tameqqrant.

### Inalkamen
Tagrawla Tafṛansist tebna azadur n tmettiyin tatrartin:

# Tagara n Wegraw Aqdim: Tesfeḍ anagraw n tesmilin  d yizerfan n yimḍaren.
# Azuzer n Tlelli d Tamsawit: Asemdu amezwaru n "Asewsi n Yizerfan n Umdan" yesnerna tidmi n tugdut d tlelli n wawal deg ddunit.
# Talayakit : Tagrawla tebda tessebḍa ddin ɣef udabu.
# Tazrirt deg Umeɣraḍ : Tefka tazrirt i waṭas n tegrawliwin nniḍen (deg Tuṛuft, deg Tmarikan n Ugafa d Wenẓul).
# Asebeddi n Lɛerc Aɣelnaw **:** Seg "d imdanen n ugellid" uɣalen d "aɣref afṛansis".

## Tagrayt
Tagrawla Tafṛansist n 1789, ɣas akken teččuṛ d takriḍt d yidammen, d nettat i d-yewwin timezgi n tlelli, tamsawit , d tɣdemt  i ɣef tebna ddunit n wass-a. D anagraw n wallus i d-yesnulfan Fṛansa tamaynut, yerna tefka tazrirt i weɣref n ddunit merṛa akken ad yennadi ɣef yizerfan-is.