open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
1 yennayer

Ass n **1 yennayer** d ass amezwaru n yal aseggas deg teswast tagrigurt. Llan 364 wussan deffir-s ar taggara n useggas, neɣ 365 n wussan ma d aseggas amanaẓ
31 dujamber - *1 yennayer* - 2 yennayer

## Inelfuyen
* 1531: Asersi n temdint n Rio de Janeiro
* 1651: Charles II yeṭṭef tanabadt n Skutlanda 
* 1801
** Asersi n teddukla gar n Bṛitanya tameqrant d Irland
** Asnirem n useffud amezwaru deg tiggi n tegnit

### [[Tasut tis 21]]
* 2001 : Tamurt n Grik tekcem di tama n euro.
* 2002 : asermed n imtawa n igenwan yeldin isegger tuguẓt (taɛessast) n igenwan n tmura n iwunak igmanen yakk

* 2003 : Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva yettwassnen Kan s  **Lula** yuɣal d aselway amezwaru n uẓelmaḍ (akabar aserti) di tmurt Brazil.
* 2007 :
** Bulgarya akk d Ṛumanya kecment deg Tiddukla n Uruppa.
** Sluvinya tekcem ar tama n euro.
** Ban Ki-moon akuryan n wenẓul yuɣal amaray amatu n iɣlanen yeddukklen amaynu deg ubeddel n Kofi Annan.
* 2008 : Tagduda n Qubrus akkw d Malṭa kecment deg tama n euro.
* 2009 : 
** Sluvakya tekcem deg Tama n euro.
** asermed n ugzam udbil amaynu n Greenland.
* 2010 : Tamurt n Spanya t-ddem taselwit n Turuft.
* 2011 : 
** Isṭunya tekcem deg tama n euro.
** tinṭagin timaynutin mgal imasiḥiyen, tikkelt agi di Miẓran n uremmaɣ ,ineslem yegla-d s 21 yemmuten dɣa 79 imugas zdat taglizt takaṭulit kupt n Tiskendrit.

## Imagraden iqqenen

## Tira d isadwalen
2 yennayer

Ass n 2 yennayer d ass wis 2 n useggas. Llan 363 wussan deffir-s ar taggara n useggas.
1 yennayer - *2 yennayer* - 3 yennayer

## Imagraden iqqenen
3 yennayer

Ass n 3 yennayer d ass wis 3 n useggas. Llan 362 wussan deffir-s ar taggara n useggas, wis 363 deg iseggasen *bisekstil*.
2 yennayer - *3 yennayer* - 4 yennayer

## Imagraden iqqenen
4 yennayer

Ass n 4 yennayer d ass wis 4 n useggas. Llan 361 wussan deffir-s ar taggara n useggas, wis 362 deg iseggasen *bisekstil*.
3 yennayer - *4 yennayer* - 5 yennayer

## Imagraden iqqenen
6 yennayer

Ass n 6 yennayer d ass wis 6 n useggas. Llan 359 wussan deffir-s ar taggara n useggas, wis 360 deg iseggasen *bisekstil*.

5 yennayer - *6 yennayer* - 7 yennayer

## Imagraden iqqenen
8 yennayer

Ass n 8 yennayer d ass wis 8 n useggas. Llan 357 n wussan deffir-s ar taggara n useggas, wis 358 deg iseggasen *bisekstil*.
7 yennayer - *8 yennayer* - 9 yennayer

## Imagraden iqqenen
9 yennayer

Ass n 9 yennayer d ass wis 9 n useggas. Llan 356 wussan deffir-s ar taggara n useggas, wis 357 deg iseggasen *bisekstil*.
8 yennayer - *9 yennayer* - 10 yennayer

## Imagraden iqqenen
10 yennayer

Ass n 10 yennayer d ass wis 10 n useggas. Llan 355 wussan deffir-s ar taggara n useggas, wis 356 deg iseggasen *bisekstil*.
9 yennayer - *10 yennayer* - 11 yennayer

## Imagraden iqqenen
11 yennayer

Ass n 11 yennayer d ass wis 11 n useggas. Llan 354 wussan deffir-s ar taggara n useggas, wis 355 deg iseggasen *bisekstil*.
10 yennayer - *11 yennayer* - 12 yennayer

## Imagraden iqqenen
12 yennayer

Ass n 12 yennayer d ass wis 12 n useggas. Llan 353 wussan deffir-s ar taggara n useggas, wis 354 deg iseggasen *bisekstil*.
11 yennayer - *12 yennayer* - 13 yennayer

## Imagraden iqqenen

## Tilalliyin
* 1837: Adolf Jensen
13 yennayer

Ass n 13 yennayer d ass wis 13 n useggas. Llan 352 wussan deffir-s ar taggara n useggas, wis 353 deg iseggasen *bisekstil*.
12 yennayer - *13 yennayer* - 14 yennayer

## Imagraden iqqenen
14 yennayer

Ass n 14 yennayer d ass wis 14 n useggas. Llan 351 wussan deffir-s ar taggara n useggas, wis 352 deg iseggasen *bisekstil*.
13 yennayer - *14 yennayer* - 15 yennayer

## Imagraden iqqenen
15 yennayer

Ass n 15 yennayer d ass wis 15 n useggas. Llan 350 wussan deffir-s ar taggara n useggas, wis 351 deg iseggasen *bisekstil*.
14 yennayer - *15 yennayer* - 16 yennayer

## Imagraden iqqenen
16 yennayer

Ass n 16 yennayer d ass wis 16 n useggas. Llan 349 wussan deffir-s ar taggara n useggas, wis 350 deg iseggasen *bisekstil*.
15 yennayer - *16 yennayer* - 17 yennayer

## Imagraden iqqenen
17 yennayer

Ass n 17 yennayer d ass wis 17 n useggas. Llan 348 wussan deffir-s ar taggara n useggas, wis 349 deg iseggasen *bisekstil*.

16 yennayer - *17 yennayer* - 18 yennayer

## Imagraden iqqenen

## Inelfuyen
* 1946: Tadreẓt (tiɣimit) tamezwarut n weqqamu n Tɣellist n Yeɣlanen Yeddukklen
7 yennayer

Ass n 7 yennayer d ass wis 7 n useggas. Llan 358 wussan deffir-s ar taggara n useggas, wis 359 deg iseggasen *bisekstil*.
6 yennayer - *7 yennayer* - 8 yennayer

## Imagraden iqqenen
5 yennayer

Ass n 5 yennayer d ass wis 5 n useggas. Llan 360 wussan deffir-s ar taggara n useggas, wis 361 deg iseggasen *bisekstil*.
4 yennayer - *5 yennayer* - 6 yennayer

## Imagraden iqqenen
18 yennayer

Ass n 18 yennayer d ass wis 18 n useggas. Llan 347 wussan deffir-s ar taggara n useggas, wis 348 deg iseggasen *bisekstil*.
17 yennayer - *18 yennayer* - 19 yennayer

## Imagraden iqqenen
19 yennayer

Ass n 19 yennayer d ass wis 19 n useggas. Llan 346 wussan deffir-s ar taggara n useggas, wis 347 deg iseggasen *bisekstil*.
18 yennayer - *19 yennayer* - 20 yennayer

## Imagraden iqqenen
21 yennayer

Ass n 21 yennayer d ass wis 21 n useggas. Llan 344 wussan deffir-s ar taggara n useggas, wis 345 deg iseggasen *bisekstil*.
20 yennayer - *21 yennayer* - 22 yennayer

## Imagraden iqqenen
20 yennayer

Ass n 20 yennayer d ass wis 20 n useggas. Llan 345 wussan deffir-s ar taggara n useggas, wis 346 deg iseggasen *bisekstil*.
19 yennayer - *20 yennayer* - 21 yennayer

## Imagraden iqqenen
22 yennayer

Ass n 22 yennayer d ass wis 22 n useggas. Llan 343 wussan deffir-s ar taggara n useggas, wis 344 deg iseggasen *bisekstil*.

21 yennayer - *22 yennayer* - 23 yennayer

## Imagraden iqqenen
23 yennayer

Ass n 23 yennayer d ass wis 23 n useggas. Llan 342 wussan deffir-s ar taggara n useggas, wis 343 deg iseggasen *bisekstil*.

22 yennayer - *23 yennayer* - 24 yennayer

## Imagraden iqqenen

## Tilalliyin

## Timakkasin
* 1879: Adolf Jensen
27 yennayer

Ass n 27 yennayer d ass wis 27 n useggas. Llan 338 wussan deffir-s ar taggara n useggas, wis 339 deg iseggasen *bisekstil*.
26 yennayer - *27 yennayer* - 28 yennayer

## Imagraden iqqenen

## Tilalliyin
* 1756: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
26 yennayer

Ass n 26 yennayer d ass wis 26 n useggas. Llan 339 wussan deffir-s ar taggara n useggas, wis 340 deg iseggasen *bisekstil*.
25 yennayer - *26 yennayer* - 27 yennayer

## Imagraden iqqenen
29 yennayer

Ass n 29 yennayer d ass wis 29 n useggas. Llan 336 wussan deffir-s ar taggara n useggas, wis 337 deg iseggasen *bisekstil*.
28 yennayer - *29 yennayer* - 30 yennayer

## Imagraden iqqenen
28 yennayer

Ass n 28 yennayer d ass wis 28 n useggas. Llan 337 wussan deffir-s ar taggara n useggas, wis 338 deg iseggasen *bisekstil*.
27 yennayer - *28 yennayer* - 29 yennayer

## Imagraden iqqenen
31 yennayer

Ass n 31 yennayer d ass wis 31 n useggas. Llan 334 wussan deffir-s ar taggara n useggas, wis 335 deg iseggasen *bisekstil*.
30 yennayer - *31 yennayer* - 1 fuṛaṛ

## Imagraden iqqenen

## Tilalliyin
* 1797: Franz Schubert
30 yennayer

Ass n 30 yennayer d ass wis 30 n useggas. Llan 335 wussan deffir-s ar taggara n useggas, wis 336 deg iseggasen *bisekstil*.
29 yennayer - *30 yennayer* - 31 yennayer

## Imagraden iqqenen
9 ɣuct

Ass **9 [[ɣuct]]** d ass 221 n useggas (222 deg iseggasen *bisekstil*). Llan 144 wussan deffir-es ar taggara n useggas.

## Ayen yeḍran

## Wid ilulen

### timiḍi wis 20
* 1963 : Ulehlu, acennay aqbayli.

## Wid yemmuten

### timiḍi wis 21
* 2008 : Meḥmud Derwic amedyaz afalesṭini yemmut deg Texas deg Marikan.
16 ɣuct

Ass **16 [[ɣuct]]** d ass wis 228 n useggas (wis 229 deg iseggasen *bisekstil*). Llan 137 wussan deffir-s ar taggara n useggas.

15 ɣuct - *16 ɣuct* - 17 ɣuct

## Tilaliyin
### Timiḍi wis 20
* 1964 :
** Yusef Zirem, amaru d aneɣmas aqbayli.

## Imagraden iqqenen
25 ɣuct

Ass n 25 ɣuct d ass wis 237 n useggas (wis 238 deg iseggasen *bisekstil*). Llan 128 wussan deffir-s ar taggara n useggas.
24 ɣuct - *25 ɣuct* - 26 ɣuct

## Tilaliyin
### Timiḍi wis 18
* 1707 : Luis I, agellid n Spenyul (∩ 31 ɣuct 1724).

### Timiḍi wis 20
* 1930 : Sean Connery: asegbar A riṭan

## Timekkasin
* 1822: William Herschel

## Imagraden iqqenen
18 ɣuct

## Ayen yedran
*2008: Aselaway n Pakistan Pervez Mucarraf yddimisyuni

## Tilalliyin

## Timekkasin
* 1782: John Todd
6 meɣres

## Wid immuten
* 2008: Lili Bonic acennay adzayri uday yemmut yesƐa gel ɛamris 87 iseggawasen g Pari, Fransa(°1921)
Tiwal

**Tiwal** d yiwet taddart d-yezgan di tama wunzul n Bgayet, id yussan d tɣiwant n At Maɛuc. Ɣef ism-is mgaradent tmuɣliwin: wa yeqqar-d akken awal n Tiwal yussa-d seg "At wawal", llan wid d-yeqqaren yekka-d seg awal "tala", imi zik ugtent tliwa deg temnaṭ-a. llan wid d-iqqaṛen belli yekka-d seg awal "yewwula" neɣ "iqubel", imi taddart n Tiwal tewwula ar tɣiwant n Tmuqra, ansa d-usan imenza n Tiwal, ssemman-as akk-a iw akken ism-a ad yili d inigi ɣef tayri-nsen d talsa-nsen ar wakal lejdud-nsen. 
Di tegrawla tazzayrit (1954-1962), am tuddar n Tmurt n Leqbayel, Tiwal tefka-d aṭas n yirgazen s wacu ad-tzux. Azal n 106 yimeɣrasen iṛuḥen d asfel i timmunent n tmurt n Lezzayer, war ma nsiḍen wid ur nemmut ara. 

Tura, Tiwal tesɛa kra n 1200 imezdaɣ, dacu kan tugwet deg-sen unagen ar yal tamnaṭ n tmurt n Lezzayer d tmura n umaḍal. 

"Tiɣri n Tiwal" d yiwet deg tiddukliwin timettanin tidelsanin timenza n Lezzayer. tlul-d di Tiwal ass n 30 di yunyu 1991. teqqeddec ɣef idles aqbayli, iwin mi d-tefka mačči s drus ama s umezgun ama s ccna. timettit daɣen ur teccuḥ ara deg-s, imi kra yellan d aṣenfar d nettat i t-ittadamen s yiɣallen-is. 

Tugwet n at Tiwal ssuturen Tadsimantt i Tmurt n Iqbayliyen.

Kra n At Tiwal yettwasnen: Buqider Sliman, Celiq Lbacir, Akli Qbayli.
Tizizwit

**Tizizwit** (Asget: **Tizizwa**), (isem usnan: **Anthophila**) d aburɣas yeṭṭafaren tafesna n tedlafriwin. Tawuri-ynes d afares n tamment d uɣrum n tzizwa d ufarer. Ar tura ttwasnen-t wazal n 20.000 n telmas ttidiren-t deg yakk imenẓawen n tegnit anagar Antraktika. Ɣas akken azgen ameqran n telmas d timettyin, maca llan-t waṭas n telmas nniḍen d timsufin (ttidiren-t iy iman-nsent).
Tizizwa n tamment yakk i d tawsit yettwassenen, acku d talmest id yettaken tamment i wemdan.

## Tamhazt
Tizizwa d asmil id yekkan seg twacult n yirẓaẓen ikarbuniden yellan d iburɣas imursanen 

## Tizizwa d ufgan
Seg zik yella ubaɣr amyaɣ (nnfeɛ yettmbadlen) gar n ufgan d tzizwa 

**Asuji s tzizwa**

**Tuqqsa n tzizwa** 

## Tilmas yelhan yakk n tzizwa

## Tiwlafin
Agraw n Ṣummam

**Agraw n Ṣummam** d yiwen n ugraw i d-yessuddes Tirni n Weslelli Aɣelnaw (FLN) i d-yellan s tuffra deg tallit n tagrawla n Lezzayer, yettwassuddes seg 13 ar 20 ɣuct 1956. Agraw-agi xedmen-t deg taddart n Iɣban d Ifri, tura di tɣiwant n Uwzellagen, tamnaḍt n Leqbayel (Lezzayer).

Yella-d ugraw n Ṣummam akken ad yessebded yerna ad yessuddes tagrawla, ad as-yefk llsas aɣelnaw yerna ad yeḥrez taluft tazzayrit ɣer timura n umaḍal.

## Imttekkiyen
Agraw-a yessemlal-d imḍebbren igejdanen n Tagrawla: Lɛarbi Ben Mhidi (tamnaḍt V, aselway n Ugraw), Ɛebban Ṛemḍan (amsemyaddas n Lezzayer Tamaneɣt, amaray n Ugraw), Ziɣud Yucef (tamnaḍt II), Krim Belqacem (tamnaḍt III), Amar Ouamrane (tamnaḍt IV), Lakhdar Bentobal, Slimane Dehiles, Akumandar Ɛazzadin, Si Lakhdar, Ɛli Khodja akked Ɛli Mellah (zone VI).

Mostefa Ben BoulƐid (tamnaḍt tamezwarut) ur yezmir ara ad yili deg wegraw-agi, imi yemmut deg yimenɣi 5 n wayyuren uqbel waya. Amar Ait Chikh yemmut daɣen uqbel agraw-a s tẓa (09) wussan.

Yerna tamagla tabeṛṛanit, ay yesselwi Ahmed Ben Bella, ur tezmir ara ad taweḍ ɣer wakal-nni.

## Lxetyar n umḍiq
Rray n ussuddes n temlilit-agi deg Ifri d win icudden imi taddart-a tezga-d deg tlemmast n yidurar d yiberdan iweɛṛen. Idurar d isekla ttawin armi d tiẓgi n Akfadou. Aya yettaǧǧa tarewla ma yella yeḍra-d aẓdem sɣur aεdaw aroumi.

Seg wass n 11 Ɣuct 1956, bdan ttasen-d yimḍebbren n Tegrawla seg temnaḍin yemgerraden ɣer Uzellagen, sakkin ddan ɣer Ifri s uɛeddi n wacḥal n yikilumitren ɣef uḍar deg yidurar d tẓegwa.

## Igmaḍ n Ugraw
Gar laryuy yettwaddmen di taggara n ugraw-agi, asnulfu n snat n tuddsiwin: Aseqqamu Aɣelnaw n Tegrawla Tazzayrit (CNRA) d Useqqamu n Usemyuddes d Usefɛel (CCE).

Agraw –agi, iswi-nsen ad siwḍen ad yili udabu aserti: yal yiwen d acu ara yeṭṭef d wacu ara iseddu. Ama deg tsertit, tujjya, isalen, asefrek d waṭas n yiḥricen icudden ɣer tmetti tazzayrit sumata mgal acengu afransis. Ilaq ad ilint seddis (06) n lwilayat, yal tawilayt ad tebḍu ɣef ukkuz (04) n tamiwin, yal tama s ukkuz n yiḥricen. Sɛan tin iwumi qqaren lkatiba (bataillon) d 120 iserdasen (hommes armés). Yebɣa ad iseggem yakk iḥricen s wudem aserti.
Pervez Mucarraf

**Pervez Mucarraf** illul deg wass n 11 ɣuct 1943. Yella d aselway n tmurt n Pakistan seg 20 di yunyu 2001 ar 18 ɣuct 2008.
Pakistan

**Pakistan** (isem unṣib: Tigduda Tineslemt n Pakistan) d tamurt i d-yezgan deg wenẓul n Asya, ɣur-s 881640 km², 1046 qublen illel. Pakistan tesɛa tilisa d Afɣanistan, Ccinwa, Lhend akk d Iran.

Tesɛa azal n 169,300,000n imezdaɣ (deg 2007). 

Tamanaɣt n tmurt n Pakistan d Karaci.

Tutlayt tunsibt n tmurt n Pakistan d Urdu. Rnu-yass tutlayin nniden di tamiwin n tmurt : Baluci, Pactu, Punjabi, Sindi, Siraiki d Tfarisit n Dari. Seqdacen daɣen tutalyt taglizit.

Tamurt n Pakistan tḥella-d azarug ines deg 14 ɣuct 1947. Teqqel d tigduda tineslemt deg 23 di meɣres 1956.
Mugadur

**Mugadur** neɣ Amugdul (s teɛrabt الصويرة *Sswira*, s tafranssit : *Essaouira* neɣ *Mogador*) 
Tigzirin n Amogadul llant twasenent yakan g lqern VII uqbel Ɛisa sɣur ifiniqiyen, iqerṭaǧiyen d rruman.
Azwu n Lezzayer

**Azwu n Lezzayer**, neɣ Air Algerie, s taɛrabt الخطوط الجوية الجزائرية, takubbanit n tufga n Lezzayer.

* Asmel n Azwu n Lezzayer
18 wamber

Ass **18 [[wamber]]** d ass wis 322 n useggas (wis 323 deg iseggasen *bisekstil*). Llan 43 wussan deffir-s ar taggara n useggas.
17 wamber - *18 wamber* - 19 wamber

## Imagraden iqqenen
Rembrandt

**Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn**, yettwassen s yisem n Rembrandt. Illul di 15 yunyu 1606, immut di 4 tuber 1669.
Uraren ulempiyen

**Uraren ulempiyen** d anelfuy anaddal agreɣlan anda llan uraren ulempiyen n unebdu d uraren ulempiyen n tegrest, ttekkayen deg-s inaddalen seg snat n tuzzufin (iwetmen d twetmin) deg tmenyugarin yemgaradenm sgensisen-d iwunak (timura) yemgaraden, Tura, yettili-d unelfuy-a yal sin n iseggasen s  tmellilt gar n uraren ulempiyen n unebdu d wuraren ulempiyen n tegrest seld mi llan uraren-a ttilin-d deg yiwen n useggas alammi d aseggas n 1982. Dɣa uraren-a seglen (ḥebsen) deg tallit n umsenɣi amadalan amezwaru d umsenɣi amadalan wis sin.

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Uraren ulempiyen n tegrest
* Uraren ulempiyen n unebdu
Aɛraben

**Aɛraben** neɣ **iseɣinen** d asget n wawal aɛrab. Igduden yettmeslayen taɛrabt tutlayt tayematt d wid yesɛan laṣel-nsen d aɛrab.

## Tiwelhiwin
Arcil

**Arcil** neɣ **Tissulya** neɣ asali s teqbaylit d asdukel n sin yemdanen deg yiwen wexxam. Asali yettili ger wergaz d tmeṭṭut. Tikwal yiwen wergaz d snat neɣ kṛad neɣ ukkuẓ n tlawin. Acku Tineslemt d asɣan n wagut n yiqbayliyen iwumi defka azref i wergaz akken ad-yaɣ ukkuẓ n tlawin maca yessefk ad-yesseẓref gar-asent.

Iqbayliyen sseqdacen awal asali seg wemyag suli meḥsub zweǧ. Amedya : leflani yessuli axxam, meḥsub yezweǧ, yuɣ tamettut.

Win neɣ tin ara yessalin neqqar-as isli, tislit . asget islan, tislatin.
Ademkal

**Ademkal** d agellus aglawan d uratak n tjumma n tegnit

## Asuneɣ n tgertilin timesfekkiwin

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tasnamurt
* Adrar
* Azrugzir
Timetti

**Timetti** d agraw n yemdanen yesɛan asaɣen n way gar-asen.Yezmer ad sɛun idles i ten-yesduklen, neɣ awanek.
Ccinwa

**Ccinwa** d tamurt tameqrant ay d-yezgan deg wegmuḍ (ccerq) n Asya. Tajumma-nnes 9.640.821 km2 (yikilumitren imkuẓen). Zedɣen-tt 1.336.718.015 n yimezdaɣen (Icinwaten). D nettat ay d tamurt yesɛan aṭas akk n yimezdaɣen deg umaḍal.

Aselway: Xi Jinping
Aneɣlaf Amezwaru: Li Keqiang

Tamurt-a d nettat ay d tis kraḍ (3) deg umaḍal seg yidis n wakal (sdeffir Rrus ed Kanada), yerna 40% seg wakal-nnes ɛlay ugar n 2000 n lmitrat. Idraren iɛlayanen akk deg umaḍal (Himalaya) zgan-d ɣef tlisa n Ccinwa akked Lhend ed Nepal. Ccinwa tesɛa daɣen yiwen seg yineẓrufen (ṣṣḥari) imeqranen akk deg umaḍal, aneẓruf n Gubi, am wakken ay tesɛa ugar n 5000 n yisafen. Tamurt-a tesɛa tallit aydeg d-yekkat aṭas ugeffur (d tallit n tmusunt, deg unebdu), maca igefran-a ttgen, tiikkal, ixeṣṣaren d imeqranen.

Ccinwa tesɛa agdud ameqran akk deg umaḍal: ugar n 20% seg yimezdaɣen n umaḍal d Icinwaten. Maca amur ameqran seg yimezdaɣen n Ccinwa ddren deg tama tagmuḍant (tacerqit) n tmurt. Ugar n 61% n Yicinwaten ddren deg ugama (beṛṛa i temdinin). Ihanen d nitni ay d tadersi (miniroté) tameqrant akk deg Ccinwa (ugar n 90% n yimezdaɣen), yerna d tantala-nsen (dialecte) ay ssawalen Yicinwaten akken ad msefhamen gar-asen.

Deg 1992, Ccinwa tekcem tadamsa n wulzuz (économie de marché): ula ma medden ttalasen ad sɛun tiṛmisin (tikebbaniyin) i yiman-nsen, maca anabaḍ mazal yeṭṭef ṛṛay ameqran deg temsal n tdamsa. Ccinwa d nettat ay d tanfarast (productrice) tameqrant akk deg umaḍal deg wayen yerzan imendi (céréales) am ṛṛuz, irden ed wekbal.
Igenni

**igenni** (asget: *igenwan*) d imeẓri id yettbinen  seg tagnit ar tallunt

## Igenni n tegnit

## Igenni seg yidles Amaziɣ

## Ini n Igenni

## Ẓeṛ daɣen

* Anezwu

* Tili n tegnit

* Asigna
Trisiti

**Taẓarurt** neɣ **Trisiti** neɣ **aẓaṛuṛ** (s tmaziɣt: ⴰⵥⴰⵕⵓⵕ) d tanezzarirt n tzelɣatin (particules).
Iwaḍiyen

**Iwaḍiyen** d taɣiwant n tmurt leqbayel. Tezga deg twilayt n Tizi-wezzu.
### Asideg (timella)

### Idurar

*Iɣil Igelmimen
*At Berjal
*At Hlal
*Adɣaɣ Amellal
*Tawrirt abdellah
*At Claɛla
*Tiqiwect
*At Ɛebdelkrim 
*Tagemunt Lejdid (s tmazight : Tagemunt Tamaynut)

* Tadayṛa n Iwaḍiyen
* Tiɣiwanin n Tadayṛa n Iwaḍiyen
* Tawilayt n Tizi Uzzu
* Tidayṛiwin n twilayt n Tizi Uzzu
* Tiɣiwanin n twilayt n Tizi Uzzu

## Tira d timselɣa
Portugal

Tamurt n **Portugal** tezga di Turuft. Isem ines unsib Tigduda tapurtugalit.
Tamanaɣt ines d Lisbun. 
Tutlayt tunsibt: tapurtugalit. Tutlayt nniḍen: tamirandisit.
Imezdaɣ : 10,584,344 deg 2006.
Talsasnnet

**Tasnamdant** (s teglizit: Anthropology) d tussna yeqqaren ɣef wemdan, idles-nnes, timetti-nnes,- tasnudert-nnes, tameslayt-nnes, akked wayen-nniḍen.
Tutrict

**Tutrict** d tamurt d-yezgan di Turuft Talemmast, yerna d tamaslaḍt (membre) seg Tdukli Turufit. Tamanaɣt ines d Wien. Tutlayt tunṣibt d Talmanit.
Asaḍuf

**Asaḍuf** (asget: isuḍaf) neɣ lqanun, d ilugan (règles) akked lewṣayat ayɣef msefhamen yemdanen ad ten-qadren ed ad sseddun yes-sen tameddurt-nsen neɣ kra n weḥric n tmeddurt. Asaḍuf d ayen yettwarun yerna llant tsuda (institution) ay yettɛassan yerna ttḍafarent aqader-nnes, am wakken ay ttɛaqabent win ur t-yettqadaren.

## [[Aɣbalu]]

Anamek n Asaḍuf
Aḥsen Maric

**Aḥsen Amaric** (s trumit: **Ahcène Mariche**) d amedyaz aqbayli, ilul-d ass n 21 furar 1967 g Tala Tulmut deg tɣiwant n Tizi Raced g Tizi Wezzu anda i d-ilul Si Mḥend Umḥend d Lɛimec Ɛli.

Yura adlis isem-is **Taɛezzult-iw** anda llan 25 isefra :


#Sidi Valentin
#Timsal n tudert
#Yiwen wawal
#Awal n yiḍ
#Astehzi
#Tismin
#Baba
#Ger ih d wala
#Timlilit
#Zivka
#Ḥeṣleɣ
#Lmektub yedderɣel
#Aḍad-im issewad
#Tessenququleḍ-iyi nniya
#Tamrilt d asmekti
#Ccia im ellqe
#D aḍu i d audiw-iw
#Taqnuẓt
#Lxir-im d ccer !
#Aclim alim
#Qubleɣ lemri
#Ur ttɣil
#Tazmart d tazibba
#Acḥal yellan di tullas !
#A ḥesra a zik-nni
Asegmi

**Asegmi** neɣ (llufan) d ameẓyan n ufgan seg mi ar ad ilul alamma yessebded (yeḥbes) tuṭṭa ɣer yemma-s 

Asegmi ɣer iɣersiwen isem-is aknuz
1 ctember

## Ayen yeḍran
* Ass amezwaru di ctember 2008 ymagred ass amenzu g'uggur n remṭan 1429 ɣur yal timura ḥaca inselmen n tammurt n Libya ẓẓumen ass n 31 ɣuct
Abxazya

Abkhazya (s tabxazit: Ассны / Aṗsny; s trusti: Abhaziya / Abkhazia), s yisem unṣib, Tagduda n Abkhazya (s t-tabxazit: Aspny Ахін deқарра / Aṗsny Aħ ̊yntkarra; s trusi: Tagduda Abhaziya, Tagduda Taberkant n Uwanak Tagraɣlant), d Tagduda Taberkant Tagraɣlant), d Tagduda Taberkant n Abhazya azarug-nnes deffir ma teɣli Tdukli Tasuvyatit deg 1992. Tezga-d gar yidurar n Lquqas ed yilel n Yilel Aberkan, tesɛa tajumma n 8.653 km2 yerna tesɛa 243.958 n yimezdaɣen. Tesɛa tilisa d Rrus deg ugafa d Juṛjya deg wenẓul.
Usitya n Wenẓul

**Tagduda n Usitya n wenẓul**, tewwi-d azarug ines seg Jurjya deg 26 ɣuct 2008.
Tamanaɣt : Tshinvali
Tutlayt tunsibt : Tusitit akk d trusit.
Imezdaɣ : 70 000 ( deg 2000)
Temɣer : 3 900 km2.
Isurdiyen : Rubel arusi.
Aselway : Eduard Kokoity.
Tasengama

**Tasengama** (S Tegrikt: φυσική) (S Teqbaylit d awal uddis: *Tusna + Agama* neɣ **Tusna n ugama**) d tusna yeɣɣaren timidranin tigejdanin am tfasa d tdusi d wakud d wayen yakk id yettasen deg-sent am tkura n tenga d umussu-ines, S umata tasengama d tasledt tamatant n ugama d tallunt d tarrayt n umahil-nsent

## Amezruy

## Tiẓra tigejdanin

## Anagi (anadi)

## Isengamen imeqqranen deg umadal

## Muqel daɣen

* Tasnallunt
* Iliktrunik
* Tmikanikt
* Arraz n Nobel di tfizikt
* Anagraw agraɣlan n tiynin

### Taɣulin nniḍen

* Tasnudert
* Takrura
* Tusnakt
* Tasnujjya
Tajapunit

Tutlayt ttmeslayen azal n 130 imelyan deg tmurt n Japun.
Awalen ijapuniyen ttuseman : Yamato-kotoba 大和言葉, meḥsub awalen inaṣliyen. 
Awalen d yellan di Tcenwit akk d tjapunit ttusemman: kango 漢語).
Ma d wid reṭṭlen seg tutlayin nniḍen neɣ ijenṭad qqaren-asen : gairaigo 外来語.
= Agemmay ajapuni =

Agemmay ajapuni yebḍa f kraḍ (3) Katakana, Hirakana akk d Kanji
## Hirakana

## Katakana
## Kanji
Sudan

**Sudan** d tamurt d-yezgan di Tefriqt, tamanaɣt ines d Xerṭum. D nettat i d-tamurt meqqren akk di tefriqt armi 2011.
Tesɛa 	39.578.828 imezdaɣ (2016).
Tutlayt tunṣibt: taɛrabt akkd tenglizt.
Afgan

**Afgan** neɣ **Amdan** (isem ussnan: *Homo sapiens*)  d amuddir amyiwen i d-yegran seg ufgan amasnag deg tewsit n Humu (ifganen). Afgan d afurk deg teɣreft n Izunefganen yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tefganin. Afgan d amuddir amyiwen iy lan (yesɛan) allaɣ yenneflin s waṭas, iy zemren ad ixemmem w ad issexdem tutlayt w ad yaf tifrat i wuguren i yettmagar, yerna tafekka-ynes tbedd s ijufaṛ iwermanen ifellayen d iddayen issifrirem awliwel-is (issisehil aḥerrk-is) s tenmeẓla d wallaɣ. Dɣa anecta d ayla yettgin deg ufgan d amuddir amyiwen iy zemren ad yessexdem tizmmarin-is tiggerruyin d tfekkawin d usexdem n ufus akken igerrez i tmugri d isnulfu n ifecka i yesri (i yuḥwaj) deg tudert-is, akken ila (yesɛa) taɣuct d tukrist s iy ttmeslay.

Tiɣri n timesɣaz temmal-d d akken afgan iban-d deg Tefrikt send n 300.000 n iseggasen, maca tura yettidir deg yakk imenẓawen n tegnit s wuṭṭun yugaren 8 n imelyaren n ifganen.

Afgan am yakk timenziwin tiflalin, d amuddir amettan.

## Aẓaṛ nufgan d tnekra-ynes
**Deg usɣan**
Wid yettamnen s isɣanen ttamnen d akken yillu isnulfa-d (ixelqed) afgan deg tugna-ynes tamirant deg yiwet n tsint, Maca timesɣaz qqaren-t-d s temhazt deg 200.000 n iseggasen i wayen umi qqaren imusnawen Humu dah n tiẓri n temhazt deg wakud dgi ttwalin imusnawen n usɣan inselmen d akken yerra fellasen yisem n *Bashar- بشر* acku ttwalin d akken afgan amiran yusad seg Adem igan d bab n ifganen yakk.

**Deg tasnudert**
Imusnawen qqaren-d d akken *Australopithecus afarensis* d yiwen n umraw n ifganen (yenger) i yellan iteddu s sin n iṭarren, Allaɣ-is yella meẓẓiy s tmuɣli ar wagla n ufgan amiran.

## Afgan d [[tasnudert]]

## Afgan d [[Ajjed|usɣan]]

## Afgan d tmusniwin

## Afgan d umsenɣi

## Imniren
* Ibka
Tawrirt yettwattun

**Tawrirt yettwattun** (lan wid ittarun Tawrirt itwattun) d ungal sɣur Mulud Mɛemmri, yura-t aseggas 1952, iffeɣ-d s uzwel n tafransist *La colline oubliée*

Ifɣed degs asaru ameqqran amezwaru s tmaziɣt / taqbaylit  aseggas 1996. Amseḍru ines Abderaḥman Bugarmuḥ.

=Asaḍen is=
Wit n tɛssast

*Meqran 
*Ɛezi (Tamazuzt) Ǧamila Amẓal
*Sekura (Ku)
*Menač
*Davda Samira Abtut
*Alki
*Ivrahim

Wit n cuji
*Weɛli
*Muḥ
Alma

**Alma** (Asget: **ilmayen**, **ilmaten**) d tagnit yeldin dgi id tettemɣay tuga, Dɣa ilmayen ttilin yak deg imenẓawen n tegnit anagar Antraktica 

## [[Imɣan]]

## [[Anezwu
Aman

**Aman** neɣ **ililan** azamul uzamul-is *(H<sub>2</sub>O)* d tanga tafrawant  yellan deg tagnit, ifganen, iɣersiwen d icakan ur zemmeren ad ddren war aman. Aman udfen deg-sen iferdisen n wuksijin (O2) d uhidrujin (H). Sin n ibelkimen n Hidrujin d yiwen ubelkim n Uksijin ttefken-d aman. Aman ttgurrusen deg tseddart n 0° C (273,15 K, 32° F), Zemmren ad ilin d adfel neɣ d agris, d amazzel, neɣ d irragen

71% n tjumma n tegnit d aman, Deg sen 96,5% ttilin deg igarawen d yilalen, Anagar 1,7% n waman llan deg igelmamen d yisaffen, 1,7% n waman llan deg wagris n Antarktika d Grinland, 0,001% n waman gan iriggʷan deg igenni, g usigna, g ugeffur.

## Aẓar n wawal ililan
Ililan d issem amzik n teqbaylit, Yekka-d seg wawal (*lil*) dgi id yusa wawal (*Slil*)

= Asimel =

## Inumaẓ ikruranen d isengamayen
Ilel Agrakal

**Ilel agrakal** tilel i ttilien ar tama ugafa n tnumrt laqbayel.

Usaed ger ger 3 imenẓawen:

Turuft, Tafriqt, d Asya.
Tabitha King

**Tabitha King** (isem mi tlul **Tabitha Jane Spruce**) (tlul 24 meɣres 1949) d tamyarut d tameɣnast tamarikant.

Tabitha King uqbel ad tezweǧ isemis yella d Tabitha Jane-Frances Spruce tlul di Old Town, Maine. Baba-s d Raymond George ma d yemma-s d Sarah Jane White Spruce.

Teɣra di St. Mary’s Grammar di temdint n Old Town, teffeɣ seg-s 1963. Syen tekcem ar John Bapst Memorial High School di Bangor alamma useggas 1967, tewwid lisans ines deg umezruy deg useggas 1971 seg tesdawit University of Maine di Orono.

## Tawacult
Temlal Tabitha aragaz-is, amyaru ameqran Stephen King, di tesnawit deg wemkan anda tella teqqar txeddem di temkarḍit Fogler . Zewǧen di 2 yennayer 1971, ɣand have three children togetherursen tlata dderya: Naomi Rachel, Joseph Hillstrom, d Owen Phillip. Sin agi ineggura uɣalen d imyura daɣen.

## tawuri
King tura atas n ungalen, ffɣen ar imaẓragen Macmillan d New American Library. Tura daɣen adlis nniḍen d-yeffɣen ɣur Dendrite.

## arrazen
Deg wayyur n mayu 1987, King d wergaz-is ttunefk-asen Honorary Doctorates of Humane Letters sɣur  University of Maine di Orono.

Deg useggas 1998, fkan-as  Annual Constance Carlson Humanities Prize amezwaru i leqdic ines deg weḥric n tallalt n talsa.

## ayen tura
* 1981 *[[Small World (ungal)|Small World]]* (Macmillan)
* 1983 *[[Caretakers]]* * (Macmillan)
* 1985 *[[The Trap (ungal)|The Trap]]* (also published as *Wolves at the Door*) * (Macmillan)
* 1988 *[[Pearl (ungal)|Pearl]]* * (New American Library)
* 1993 *[[One on One (ungal)|One on One]]* * (Dutton)
* 1994 *[[The Book of Reuben]]* * (Dutton)
* 1994 *Playing Like a Girl; Cindy Blodgett and the Lawrence Bulldogs Season of 93-94* (Dendrite)
* Article on Cindy Blodgett in The Boston Globe
* 1997 *Survivor* (William Abrahams, Dutton)
* 199? *The Sky in the Water* (ur yeffiɣ ara) http://www.bevvincent.com/onyx/interview-tk.html
* 199? *The Devil's Only Friend* (ur yeffiɣ ara) http://www.bevvincent.com/onyx/interview-tk.html
* 2006 *[[Candles Burning - with Michael McDowell]] (Berkley)

Note: ungalen s uzamul * teḍra teqsiṭ nsen deg temdint tesnulfa  Tabitha King, [[Nodd's Ridge]].

==ayen nniḍen==
* *Murderess Ink: The Better Half of the Mystery*, Dilys Winn, ed., Bell, 1979
* *Shadows, Volume 4*, C. L. Grant, ed., Doubleday, 1981
* *Midlife Confidential'', ed. David Marsh et al, tugniwin Tabitha King, Viking Penguin, 1994

## ismal
* Stephen & Tabitha King Foundation
* Joseph Hillstrom King
* Owen Phillip King
Asuf

**Asuf**  neɣ **Amyiwn** aen iditteren awal ar yiwen is.

Singulier(fr), Peculiar(en)

=Amedya=

=Walit da&#611;en=
Asget
Aẓeffun

**Aẓeffun** d taɣiwant id yezgan deg ugafa  n Tizi Wezzu, tezga-d ɣef yiri n yilel deg Tmurt n Leqbaye. Zedɣen-tt 16.096 n yimezdaɣen. Deg tallit n tuṭṭfa tafṛensist llan ɣɣaren-as *Port-Gueydon*.

### Asideg (timella)

### Tudrin n Taɣiwant
Llant kter 52 n tudrin : 

*Ɛebdec
*Ɛcuba 
*Agni n Riḥan
*Aɣulid
*At Yillul
*At Naɛim
*At Wandlus
*At Rhuna
*At Si Yeḥya N Wadda
*At Si Yeḥya Ufella
*At Warẓiq
*Aẓeffun
*Leɛzib 
*Bezerqa
*Bumellal
*Bumessɛud
*Ccerfa 
*Ccerfa N Wadda
*Laɛzib Saḥel
*Lqelɛa
*Gurar
*Iberhuten
*Ijanaten
*Iɣil Aɛmar u Yeḥya,
*Iɣil Leɣzel
*Iɣil Umalu
*Iḥanucen 
*Imidiqsen 
*Imuluden
*Isumaten
*Xanis
*Qirya
*Khebla
*Leɛzib Saḥel
*Mlaṭa Iɛeggacen
*Ufella
*Umaden
*Taddart (Taɣiwant n Uẓeffun) 
*Tagemunt n Yeɛbac
*Tagemmunt n Wedrar
*Taɛinṣert
*Tala Ḥadid
*Tazaɣart (Aẓeffun)
*Taẓebbujt n Tiza
*Tidmimin 
*Tifezwin
*Tifrest
*Timluka  
*Tiwidiwin
*Iḥemziwen
*Ulxu
*Iɛbac
*Zzituna

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Tawilayt n Tizi Uzzu
* Tidayṛiwin n twilayt n Tizi Uzzu
* Tiɣiwanin n twilayt n Tizi Uzzu

## Tira d timselɣa
Karl Marks

**Karl Heinrich Marks**, ilul deg 5 si Mayyu deg usseggas 1818 di tmurt n Trier yezdeɣ di Rheinland tamurt n Lalman yemmut di 14 di Meɣres 1883 di teɣremt n London. Marks yella d argaz n tsertit u d amesnagay ameqṛan, d netta i d-isnulfan ayen i wumi neqqar Tazdukla "le communisme", i d-yeqqaren belli ulac amgarad ger imdanen ɣas ulamma yella deg ixeddim-nsen n yal ass.

## Tudert-is
Ilul Karl Heinrich Marx di Trier aseggas n 1818. Yella d wis sin ger 8 Tam watmaten-is. Baba-s, Heinrich Marx (1782–1838), d abugaṭu, yefrurid deg yiwet twacult twudayt Ackenaz. Jedd-nsen Meier Halevi Marx yella d uday, ma d mmi-s d warraw n mmi-s uɣalen d imasiḥiyen, ẓẓiẓrgen isem-nsen ɣer Heinrich iwakken ad izmiren ad xedmen, yemma-s n Karl, Henriette Pressburg (20 Yulyu 1788-30 Wamber 1863), d tudayt n tmura n wadda. izzan
Buǧemmal

**Buǧemmal** neɣ **Bucabruc** (isem ussnan: **Phoenicopterus**) d yiwet n tewsit n icabrucen yeṭṭafaren tawacult n tcabrucin. Aɣersiw-a yettusesmel deg yiwet n tfesna igebren seg yiwet n twacult kan ur tengir ara, s wakka yettumeggez buǧamal d yiwet seg kra n tewsitin (yakked ucabruc awezlan d tewsitin niden) i d-issiliɣen tawacult n tcabrucin. 

Buǧemmal d agḍiḍ iminig, llant degs 4 n telmas deg Temrikt akken i llant degs snat n telmas deg umaḍal amzik (Asya, Uruppa d Tferka).

## Tilmas

## Učči

## Deg yidles

## Tiwlafin
Aḍebsi aquran

**Aḍebsi aquran** t takatut tadkirant. Netta id yussan g usarag n tsfift tadkirant, d ugennag g iseggasen 1970.

Netta yaken ibdu (di 2008) yttili g usarag is takatut flash (en: flash memory).

= Tamselyut =
Hard disk

Disque dur
Tasfift tadkirant

**Tasfift tadkirant** ttasfift i ukles tiɣla ametran neɣ umvin s ttawil n *magnétophone*.

= Tamselyut =
Bande magnétique

Magnetic tape
Meḥmud Derwic

**Meḥmud Derwic** d amedyaz afalesṭini iluled ass n 13 meɣres 1941 g l' Birwa g Falesṭin yemmut g 9 ɣuct 2008 g Huston, Teksas g Yiwunak Yedduklen n Marikan (WDM) yella yessebdes imenɣi n wegdud ines maca yella yal ass yessaram talwit, isem-is mucaɛ gar igduden ciɛa n isem-is teffeɣ  tilas n tmurt-is, netta y d aselway n tdukli n imyura ifalesṭiniyen, yessufeɣ ugar n 20 isunad n tmedyazt, 7 idlisen n tasrit, yella daɣen anemhal n tifeffeɣt am aɣmis n *Al Jadid* (Amaynut), *Al-Fajr* (Tafrara) *Al-Karmel*.

,
The Simpsons

***Tawacult n Simpson*** neɣ ***Isimsonen*** (s tanglizit : *The Simpsons*) sulfen-t-id imarikaniyen aseggas n 1987 sɣur Matt Groening. Tɛedda deg telenẓar i tikkelt tamenzut ass n 17 duǧember, 1989.
Aɣilas

**Aɣilas** [en latin **Aghiles** ou **Aghilas**] (Assaɣ ussnan: *Panthera pardus*) d yiwet n telmest seg twacult n tserɣuda yakk d aserɣud ameẓyan deg 4 n telmas yeṭṭafaren tawsit n iɣilasen (acku izem, Aksil d ujagwar id t-yugaren)

## Idgan n tudert
Yettidir uɣilas deg Tefrikt s anẓul n tneẓruft tameqrant d kra n yidgan deg Asya n wenẓul d usamar anda llan-t kra n tegdudin timeẓyanin deg Pakistan d Lhend d Indunisya d ccinwa alama d uneẓul n Tzunegzirt taserɣint seld mi tella tmezduɣt-is seg Kurya ar Tafriqt n wenẓul anect-a yeṭṭuɣal ar tuget ugmar-is, Dɣa tiddukla tagreɣlant i taggaẓt n tgama yessismil-d aɣilas d akken-it d talmest yudsen ar umihi n wengar 

## Asismel
Ilel n Marmara

**Ilel n Marmara** d ilel i yebḍan Sṭambul d yal Tturk f sin imuren, amur yezga g tama n Turuft, amur wayed yezgad g tama n Asya
Ecser

**Ecser** d yiwet n taddart n 3 252 imezdaɣ, i d yussan di temnaṭ n Pest, Hungri, s zdat n Budapest

## Tizgin

Ecser (tettwanṭaq Eččer) tesɛa daɣen isem niḍen asluviki: ***Ečer***, tesdari daɣen kra n isluvikiyen.
Taddart-a tezga-d deg unẓul-asamar n Budapest, s zdat n unafag agraɣlan n Ferihegy. tiɣiwanin i as-d-yezzin d Maglud, Večes, Gyumru akk d Ullu. Abrid ameqran n MO yettawi s zdat n taddart. Taddart tussa-d rrif n rraya n tmacint 120a (Budapest-Szulnuk-Ujszasz).

## Amezruy

lkaɣeḍ amenzu i d-yuddren Ecser yettwaru ass n 15 di ğember 1315, maca taddart tella uqbel seg 896, di tisin n iHungriyen. Di yiwet n tmacahut, qqaren-d akken isem n taddart yettunefk s Ugellid ameqran n idrumen ihungriyen Arpad. Ass mi yesteqsa anwa i d isem n temnaṭ-a, anda yeḥbes i wakken ad yesteɛfu, imezdaɣ n temnaṭ-a ur tessinen ara. Dadɣa Arpad yenna: "Sya d assawen, ad tsemmim i temnaṭ-a s yisem n ubeluḍ (s thungrit: cser)".
Taddart temmut s ddaw uzaglu n Ṭurk iɛutmaniyen (1526-1686), ass-mi teɣli Buda, ur yebɛiden ara aṭas fell-as. 
Imezdaɣ-is imenza ur d-ussin ɣer ɣur-s alammi d 1699. llan 11 iserdasen (iɛeskriyen) i yettekkan deg umennuɣ n Rakoczi ɣef timmunent (1703-1711). di tazwara n isseggasen 1700, Bab n taddart, lkumt Antal Grassalkovich, yessezdeɣ deg-s isluvakiyen.

## Ayen niḍen

Asbad n taddart i yellan, d yiwet-nni Tmesgida takatulikit taṛumanit, yettwabnan di 1740
Yiwen n cṭeḥ afulkluri yettwasnen aṭas d win n "assuli di Ecser" (Noces à Ecser, Ecseri lakodalmas).
Di imrigen n taddart ad naf tlata n tɣewsiwin mucaɛen: tamesgida, cṭeḥ afulkluri d ubelluḍ,

## Galeri




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Tamerwant

**Tamerwant** (s tefrensist : Merouana) di tdayra n Tmarwant nettat taɣiwant yellan tusi-d zedu n usqammu n twilayt n Tbatent, tabɛad fell-as s wis 40 km, tcawit nettat tutlayt tamezwarut n imezdaɣ-nnes, tcawit lmeɛana-nes ilinten n ifunasen yerni ulli, u tamerwant si taqdimin n tdayrin d dzayer w nettat d tamanaɣt n Belezma d lhadira taɣanawt n belezma.
Kanada

**Kanada** d tamurt d-yezgan deg ugafa n Temrikt, unagraw Atanltik deg usammar ar Ugaraw Amelwi deg usamar ar ugafa deg ugaraw Atlantik. D tamurt tameqrant akk tis snat deg umaḍal deffir Rusya. 

Akal yettusemman assa Kanada zedghent azal n alef iseggasen ihendiwen. Di tagara n lqern wis 15 bdant ibritaniyen d ifransiyen ttsasen akken ad nadin, syen zeghen deg rrif n unagraw atlanti. Fransa tedja qrib ayen thar deg Fransa tamynut i Britanya deffir ttrad n sebaa iseggasen n 1763.deg 1867, 3 temnadin deg temrikt ugafa tabritanit dduklent akken ad weqment tamurt tafidiralit n 4 temnadin. deg 1867, Nova Scotia d New Brunswick dduklent deg tfidiralit n Kanada.... .
Tafidiralit n Kanada s 10 temnadin d 3 akalen ines tesaa aberlman ,ixef n ddula d tagellidt Queen Elizabeth II . d tamurt yesaan snat tutlayin timensabin, taglizit d tefransist.Kanada tettekki deg G8, NATO, akk d Commonwealth of Nations, dFrancophonie, d United Nations. 

Di Kanada tella Tiddukla Tadelsant Tamaziɣt di Ottawa-Hull. 

## Azar n wawal
Awal kanada yekka-d seg tutlayt tayirukwayt n St. Lawrence *kanata*, anamek nines "taddart" . deg 1535, imezdagh insaliyen n temdint n Kibik n wassa sqedcen awal agi akken as mlen abrid i Jacques Cartier ar taddart n Stadacona. syen Cartier yughal yesseqdac awal *Kanada* akken ad yemsslay ghef taddart nni d temnadt nni irkelli n Donnacona (ameqran n taddart n Stadacona); mi nessawed 1545, idlisen d tikardiwin tiurufiyin bdan ttsemayen i temnadt akk *Kanada*.

seg tazwara n lqern wis 17 d asawen,tamanadt n Fransa tamaynutd yegan rrif n wasif n Saint Lawrence d rrif n timedwa timeqranin negh Geat Lakes semman-as *Kanada*, tmanadt bdan ibritaniyen ghef sin, Kanada ufella Upper Canada d Kanada n wadda Lower Canada, armi n usdukkel nsen deg temnadt n kanada Province of Canada deg 1841. deffir n weskar n tkunfidiralin n kanada Confederation deg 1867, isem *Kanada* yettwafren ad yili d isem unsib n tmurt.

## Amezruy
Usuɣ

**Usuɣ** (Asget: **Usuɣen**) d azenzar anafat ameẓraw yettmag-d mi ara ad yekcem useffud ɣer tignut n tegnit w ad yiṛɣ. Usuɣen d wid igebren seg umizusfir yerna amur meqqren deg-sen yettili waddud-nsen gar n 75-100 km.

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
* Aseffud
* Asmil
Tasenselkimt

Aselkim d tamacint taliktṛunant n usiḍen. Tezmer ad tselkem iseɣzanen. Iseɣzanen deg-sen tingalin i d-yeqqaṛen i usekkar amek ad yeqdec ɣef yisefka umḍinen. Seg ybenkan i d-yesbabbay usekkar iseɣzanen d yisefka i tkatut-ines. 

## Aẓar n wawal
Awal Tasenselkimt d awal uddis yesɛan sin wawalen deg-s : **sen** i d-yekkan seg tussna (science), akked **selkim** (aselkim) tamacint taliktṛunant n usiḍen.

## Amezruy
D Charles Babbage, ajenyuṛ si Tmurt n Ingliz, i d-yesnulfan deg 1822 tikti n umutur n umgired, i usiḍen n yigetfulen n tusnakt. Syen akkin, deg 1834, isuffeɣ-d tikti n umutur usliḍ i yesεan akk tulmisin n uselkim. Ma d aselkim atrar, d Alan Turing, amusnak si Tmurt n Ungliz, i d-isersen imenzayen-ines deg 1936. D ayen iwumi qqaṛen Tamacint n Turing. Nezmer ad d-nini Turing d ababat n tsenselkimt. 

Dɣa aselkim amezwaru, Manchester Mark 1, yeffeɣ-d di Tesdawit n Manchester deg ussegʷas n 1949. IBM 360 d aselkim amezwaru i yenzan s waṭas. Yeffeɣ-d deg 1954. Taẓayt-is tekka nnig 2000 kg, ma d taččaṛt-is tewweḍ ar 3 m3. 

Syen akkin, seg ussegʷas ar wayeḍ, aselkim yettuɣal d ameẓyan, d afessas, d arurad. Aselkim i nessen ass-a, ur yewwiḍ ara kilu di taẓayt, yerna d arurad 2 imelyunen n tikkal ɣef uselkim amezwaru i d-yeffɣen deg 1954. 

Ass-a, aselkim yekcem deg yal annar n tudert. Yewweḍ-d armi d tilifun i nettawi yid-nneɣ. Sya ɣer zdat, yezmer ad yaweḍ ɣer daxel n wallaɣ-nneɣ. A win yufan arraw-nneɣ ad ɣṛen tasenselkimt deg yissegʷasen imezwura n uɣeṛbaz.

## Aɣbalu
Amagrad n Amazigh Tazaghart deg http://tameddit.com
Adrar n Brokeback

**Adrar n Brokeback** (2005) d asaru tamuggit tangalit yeḥku-d ɣef sin n yergazen i mḥamalen deg Ataram n lmarikan gar aseggas n 1963 d 1983, imir-nni ulac ɛad tilelli n Homotuzuft .
Louis Braille

**Louis Braille** ilul-d ass wis 4 yennayer 1809 yemmut ass 6 n yennayer 1852. 

Yesnulfa-d agemmay n bray iseqdacen iderɣalen d wid ur nettwalli ara akken ad ɣren u ad arun yis-s. Bray qqaren s weslaf n iḍuḍan ɣef isekkilen yettwarun s wenqar n lkaɣeḍ. Assa qrib yal tamesalyt tesɛa agemmay ines n bray d acu kan taqbaylit mazal ur tesɛi wara agemmay ines n bray.

Louis Braille teṭṭef-it tiderɣelt mi yella bab n 3 n yiseggasen. Asmi yessaweḍ 10 n yiseggasen yekcem ɣer uɣerbaz ageldan n Paris i yiderɣalen d acu kan tagnit deg uɣerbaz-nni ur temgarad ara f ayen yellan anda nniḍen.
Akken ad iɛiwen iman-is d yiderɣalen deg uɣerbaz yeqdec f tɣara akken ad ɣren u ad arun iderɣalen ula d nutni.
deg 1839 Braille yessufɣed adlis yessefham deg-s amek zemren yemdanen ad arun s tira n bray.
Joomla

Joomla d yiwen CMS yesɛan tazmert tameqrant i wakken yiwen ad yesnulfu yiwen usmel Web yelhan. Ama d asmel abestuḥ n yiwen umdan ama d asmel ameqran n yiwet tkebbanit.
Ugar isalen deg usmel http://www.joomla.org/

## Ẓeṛ daɣen
Wordpress

Wordpress d yiwen CMS yelhan ma tebɣiḍ ad tesnulfuḍ yiwen ublug neɣ yiwen usmel. Yeshel maḍi i wakken ad yeddu. 

Ugar isalen deg usmel http://wordpress.org/
CMS

CMS (Content Management Sytem) d yiwen wahil s wayen yiwen yezmer ad yesnulfu yiwen usmel Internet. S wahil-a, yezmer yiwen ad yedbel asmel-is war ilɣi (yettusemma yeshel).

Ɣef umedya, aqeddac n usmel, ma yebɣa ad yernu yiwen umagrad ad yeqqen deg wagrudem n tedbelt (s yisem-is d wawal uɛeddi), ad yaru amagrad-nni, ad t-iẓer, dɣa ma yehwa-as ad t-yekles. Imiren zemren akk medden ad ẓren amagrad-a deg Internet. S CMS nezmer ad nernu taggayin anda ar ad yilin yimagraden, yal yiwen deg teggayt ines. Daɣen, imagraden zemren ad sɛun tugniwin (tikwal tugna tif inaw ɣezzifen) neɣ iseɣwan (ɣef yimagraden neɣ ismal ay icudden).

Gar CMS, yella Joomla, Spip neɣ Wordpress ɣef umedya.
Firefox

**Firefox** d yiwen yiminig ɣef web ay yellan d aseɣẓan ilelli. Yetteddu deg Mac OS X, Windows neɣ Linux u yeɛjeb-asen xilla i medden.

Firefox extension neɣ isiɣzaf n Firefox d ihallen tzemreḍ ad ternuḍ i Firefox. Yerna llan aṭas n yisiɣzaf.

Dɣa, yal yiwen yezmer ad ibeddel Firefox ama d udem-is (sɣur yiwen usentel) ama d ihallen ay yernun azal (md. tafeggagt n yifecka, imawalen, tanefilt, atg)

D yiwen wallal s way-s yezmer yiwen ad ibeddel tutlayt n Firefox. Ihi, ma nebɣa ula d nekni nezmer ad t-id-nerr s teqbaylit!

Ugar isalen deg useɣwen https://addons.mozilla.org/fr/firefox/
PHP

**PHP** (PHP Hypertext Preprocessor) d yiwet tmeslayt n usihel n yiskripten, d ahil ilelli (”Open Source” am Linux neɣ Firefox), yelha i usnulfu n yismal Web ismussanen.

Afaylu PHP yesɛa aseɣzif “php”, amedya “afaylu_php.php”. Seddaw-a, d yiwen umedya n uskript php:


```php
<?php
print (’Azul fell-awen’);
?>
```


Aselkem n uskript-a deg yiwen uqeddac PHP ad yefk deg yimini ɣef Web:
Azul fell-awen

Ismal imezwura ttwarun s HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), d yiwet tmeslayt n usihel s ticraḍ, amedya:

```html
<html>
<head>
<title>Amedya HTML</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Aql-aɣ deg umagrad ɣef PHP!!!</p>
</body>
</html>
```


Afaylu HTML ɣur-s aseɣzif “htm” neɣ “html”, amedya “afaylu_html.htm” akk d “afaylu_html.html” kifkif-iten.

Nezmer ad nesdukkel tangalt html d tengalt php deg yiwen ufaylu, isem n ufaylu-a ilaq ad yesɛu aseɣzif “php”, amedya “afaylu_html_php.php”:

```php
<html>
<head>
<title>Amedya HTML akk d PHP</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php
print (’Azul fell-awen’);
?>
<p>Aql-aɣ deg umagrad ɣef PHP!!!</p>
</body>
</html>
```


Tura, amur ameqqran n yismal tteddun s PHP (akk d Apache d MySQL), am usmel-a akk d yismal merra ay yetteddun s Wordpress.

Ugar isalen deg usmel http://www.php.net
Lamp akk d Wamp

LAMP akk d WAMP d awalen n tsenselkimt, inumak-nsen d wi:

LAMP: Linux + Apache + MySQL + PHP

WAMP: Windows + Apache + MySQL + PHP

Ihi, LAMP akk d WAMP d tigrummiwin n yiseɣẓanen, iswi-nsent ad ilint d aqeddac n yismal Web. Ticki yella LAMP deg uselkim s Linux neɣ WAMP deg uselkim s Windows, yezmer yiwen ad yesnulfu yiwen usmel Web, ad t-iẓer u ad t-ibeddel akken i as-yehwa uqbel ad yili deg uẓeṭṭa Internet.

Gar-asen yella EasyPHP (http://www.easyphp.org) i Windows, neɣ XAMPP (http://www.apachefriends.org) i Linux akk d Windows.
Jadu

**Jadu** d taddart deg Wedrar n Infusen, zedɣen deg-s 170.000 n imezdaɣ.

Dagi i yellan asarag d alemmas n imaziɣen di Libya
Ffɣen seg-s irgazen meqqure am:
*Sliman Abaruni
*Yusef Xerbic
*Saɛid Sifaw Maḥruk
*aked waṭas nniḍen 

Tmura n Jadu tusa-d g wammas n Adrar n Yenfusen, d ɣur-es amezruy d ameqran si tisi ammas n tasertit n adrad. Di tagrawla n furar kkren imdanen-ines si imezwaren d fkun ixafuren deffir tilelli. Tagrawla di idemnansen, d tusna di iɣef awnen-nsen. Arannes am izmawen di amennuɣ. 

Di-sent n tattawin n waman udjun nnanas ezzerga d tidi nnan-as nanna tala. Tmura n itermisen taqaburt tus-d af iɣef n weẓru ttasunas s allaɣ n ddunit.
Jadu di-s Mezzu, Yujlin, Talat n Umiran, Ucbari, Iṭermisen, Jjmmari, Timezɣura, Wifat, Regrag, At Inedbas, Igennawen, Tamezda.
Medden n Jadu ɣur-sen azemmur aṭas, tteggun si-s udi am tlussi. D dis trfas.
Yella di Jadu tfaska teggun mi d-tettas tafsut, qqaren-as d "Tamɣra n Tilelli".
MySQL

MySQL d yiwen unagraw n usefrek n taffa n yisefka tamasɣant.

S unagraw-a, nezmer ad nekles isefka n yiwen wahil sdaxel yiwet taffa. Deg taffa n yisefka, llant tifelwa anda ara yilin yisefka. Deg yiwet tfelwit llan yisefka yedduklen, amedya tafelwit “Udem” tezmer ad tesɛu isefka “Isem”, “Azemz n tlalit”, “Tansa”, atg.
Isem 	Azemz_n_Tlalit 	Tansa
Afrux 	10/02/2008 	1 aɣlad Asigna 00001 Igenni
Adeffu 	02/06/2008 	5 aɣlad Tibḥirt 00002 Akal

SQL (Structured Query Language) d yiwet tmeslayt n usihel s wayes yezmer yiwen ad yesteqsi yiwet taffa n yisefka. Ma nra ad nessin azemz n tlalit n yiwen isem-is Adeffu deg tfelwit Udem, nezmer ad naru s tutlayt SQL:
select Udem.Azemz_n_Tlalit from Udem where Udem.Isem = ‘Adeffu’;

Ad naf:
Azemz_n_Tlalit
02/06/2008

Iwakken ad nernu yiwen wudem deg tfelwit Udem, nezmer ad naru:
Insert into Udem values (’Tafunast’, ‘12/05/2008′, ‘25 aɣlad Adaynin 00005 Taddart’);

Tafelwit Udem teqqel:
Isem 	Azemz_n_Tlalit 	Tansa
Afrux 	10/02/2008 	1 aɣlad Asigna 00001 Igenni
Adeffu 	02/06/2008 	5 aɣlad Tibḥirt 00002 Akal
Tafunast 	12/05/2008 	25 aɣlad Adaynin 00005 Taddart

Akka, taffawin n yisefka, neḥwaj-itent iwakken ad nejmaɛ isefka n yiwen wahil neɣ n yiwen usmel Web sdaxel tifelwa. SQL d yiwet tmeslayt i taffawin n yisefka. MySQL d yiwen unagraw anda llant taffawin n yisefka.

Asmel unṣib : www.mysql.com
Apache

Apache d aqeddac HTTP, d yiwen useɣẓan ilelli n Apache Software Foundation. Aqeddac Web neɣ aqeddac HTTP d yiwen wahil iqebblen isutar HTTP sɣur amsaɣ Web (i.e. iminig ɣef Web), dɣa yettafk tiririyin HTTP, s umata d isebtar Web. Gret tamawt, aselkim anda yella wahil aqeddac Web, ula d netta (aselkim-nni) isem-is aqeddac Web!

Asmel unṣib : http://httpd.apache.org/
GIMP

GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program) d afecku n wunuɣ. D aseɣẓan ilelli. D ahil i wunuɣ, taklut, asider n tugniwin, atg. Ɣur-s aṭas n yisiɣzaf.

Yetteddu deg Linux, Windows akk d Mac Os X.

Asmel unsib : http://www.gimp.org/
Arminya

Arminiya (s tarminit: Հայաստան, Hayastan), deg talɣa ɣezzifen Tagduda n Arminiya (s tarminit: Հայաստանի Հաանրապետունաապետոթնաապետունն awanek-aɣlan amagday d amagday. aṭas n yikabaren.
Elizabeth II

Elizabeth tis snat (s teglizit: Elizabeth Alexandra Mary , tlul di 21 yebrir 1926 -  tella d tagellidt n brițanya akked timura nniḍen seg 6 fuṛar 1952 ar mi temmut di 8 ctembeṛ 2022 .  Tḥakem nnig n 70 n yiseggasen d 214 n wussan, d win i ɣezzifen di Tmurt n Briṭanya.
Kurdistan

**Kurdistan** d tamurt war azarug d-yezgan di Asya ger timura n Tturk, Lɛiraq, Iran d wamur amectuḥ n Surya d Arminya.Tesɛa ger 25 d 30 imlyan n imezdaɣ.

Di Lɛiraq, Kurdistan yesɛa timanit deg tmurt tafidiralit.
GCompris

**GCompris** d yiwen useɣẓan n usegmi ay yesɛan aṭas yiqeddicen i warrac ger 2 d 10 n yiseggasen.

Iqeddiccen-is tikwal d iwuraren, maca yalas d usegmisnen. Ad d-tafem iqeddicen deg yiḥricen yetteddun :

* tiwfit (tagrut) n uselkim : anasiw, amumed, imussa n wamumed, …
* tusnakt : allas n tifelwa (tiduba), uḍḍun, tifelwa s snat yinekcam, tujjurt, …
* tussniwin : tazarurt (trisiti), asinef, allus n waman, tanettabt, …
* tarakalt : sers timura deg tkarḍa
* uraren : tiruẓiyen n uqerruy, tiddest, takatut (tacfawit, timektit), …
* taɣuri : alaɣmu n tɣuri
* nayeḍ : taɣuri n temret (asrag), tijeggirin (tiklutin) yettwassnen s talɣa n puzzle, unuɣ amawayan, asnulfu n tinnaɣ inemussan ...

GCompris yesɛa ugar n 100 yiqeddicen u mazal ar sdat. GCompris d aseɣẓan ilelli, ihi tzemreḍ ad t-tbeddleḍ s lebɣi-k(m) neɣ i usnerni-s, neɣ ahat ad asen-t-tefkeḍ i warrac n umaḍal merra.

Ugar isalen deg usmel http://gcompris.net
Ǧiǧel

Tamdint n **Ǧiǧel**, d tamanaɣt n Tawilayt n Ǧiǧel, Tesɛa azal n 134839 imezdaɣ (2008). Irumiyyen llan qqarn-as *Djdjelli*.

### Tudrin n Taɣiwant

* Aḥerraṭan
* Amzuy
* Asul
* Bni Ḥmad
* Buɣdir
* Buxennus
* Buyadra
* Ddar Lbaṭaḥ
* Dwamna
* Jijel
* Laɛrayac
* Ljarf
* Laḥdada
* Lemkasab
* Leɣrifat
* Ṭhurat
* Wlad Ɛisa
* Wlad Bunar
* Wlad Ṭafar
* Zzbiriyya

## Tizmilin