Ramsses wis sin

**Ramsses wis sin**, illul deg ahat 1304/1301 uqbel sidna Ɛisa, d yemmut deg ahat 1213 uqbel sidna Ɛisa, d ugellid (aferεun) wis tlata n tawacult tis tseɛṭac n yiferɛunen (Maṣer tagelsant), yeḥkem gar 1279 ed 1213 uqbel sidna Ɛisa, d tallit tis snat ɣezzifen maḍi akk deg umuzruy n Maṣer taqburt. Yettwassen mliḥ s ṭṭṛad-is mgal yihitiyen ed mgal yilibiyen (lejdud n imaziɣen), yettwassen daɣen s uhil-is n lebni ed akked isebdaden-is yimeqqranen.

Di tazwara n tgelda- s, yefka lwalha- s ɣef lebni n temdinin, ifukan, d ismektayen. Sakkin, mi d-yesbedd tamdint n Pi-Ramesses deg Udelta n Nil, yerra-tt d tamaneɣt tamaynut n Maṣer yerna yesseqdec-itt d amkan agejdan n ussewjed n tḥemliwin-nnes deg Surya. Ramesses yewwi aṭas n tnemzagin tiserdasiyin ɣer usammar alemmas, anda i d-yerra tuṭṭfa tamaṣrit ɣef kanɛan d Finiqiya; yewwi-d daɣen ddeqs n tnemzagin ɣer Nubia, yerna ttwamektayen-d akk deg tira ujerred (inscriptions) ay d-yellan deg *Beit el-Wali* d *Gerf Hussein*. Yesfugel 13 neɣ 14 n tmeɣriwin n Sed — ugar n yal ferɛun nniḍen deg umezruy n maṣer.

Aṭas i yimgerraden ɣef leɛmer-is mi yemmut, ɣas akken 90 neɣ 91 ay yettwaḥesben d amḍan ay izemren ad yili. Asmi yemmut, yettwamḍel deg yiwen n uẓekka (KV7) deg yeɣzer n yigelliden ; Tafekka-s syin akin rran-tt ɣer tuffirt tageldant. anda ay tt-id-ufan yimassanen n tgemmi (archéologues) deg 1881. afekka n Ramsses tella ass-a deg Usalay Aɣelnaw n Tɣerma Tamaṣrit, ay d-yezgan deg temdint n Lqahira.

## Tudert tamezwarut
Ramsses ii ur d-ilul ara d ageldun. Jeddi-s Ramsses Amezwaru yella d aẓazir yerna d afesyan aserdasi deg tallit n ferɛun *Huremheb*, d netta i yerran Ramsses d agellid ad d-yasen umbeɛd-is. di tallit-nni, Ramesses II yesɛa azal n mraw d yiwen n yiseggasen.

Deffir tmettant n Ramsses Amezwaru, mmi-s Seti yuɣal d agellid, isemma-yas i mmi-s Ramsses ii d ageldun n tgelda deg leɛmer-nnes n wazal n 14 n yiseggasen.

## Tiɣzi n tgelda
Azemz n unekcum n Ramsses ɣer ukersi n lḥekm yettwasekles s yisem n "III Shemu, ass n 27", ay ttwalin amur ameqran seg yimusnawen n Maṣer n zik d ass n 31 Mayu 1279 send talalit n Ɛisa. 

Anmezray uday *Yusefus*, deg udlis-is "*Contra Apionem*" i d-yeddan d tanga seg *Aegyptiaca n Manetho*, yefka-yas Ramsses II ("Armesses Miamun") tagelda n 66 iseggasen, 2 wagguren. Aya yettwakcef-d s umata s teswast n tferka n *Papyrus Gurob L*, anda aseggas 67, ass n 18 deg Ramesses wis sin, din din i t-id-yeḍfer useggas 1, wis sin Akhet ass 19 n Merneptah (Ramsses II), anamek-is Ramsses II yemmut azal n 2 n wayyuren deg useggas wis 67 n useggas n tgelda.

Azemz n tmettant n Ramsses wis sin i d-yettwaskelsen ass wis sin Akhet 6 yeɣli-d akken iwata deg wayen i d-iqqar *A. J. Peden* d akken yemmut ugellid deg tuzzya gar Akhet wis sin ass wis 3 d Akhet win sin, ass wis 13. Anamek-is d akken Ramsses II yemmut deg useggasen wis 67, Akhet wis sin, ass wis 6, seg tgelda-s mi yeḥkem Maṣer 66 iseggasen 2 wagguren d 9 wussan.

## Tiḥemliwin tiserdasiyin
Ramsses II iga aṭas n tḥemliwin tiserdasiyin akken ad d-yerr igelluyen-nni ay iɛerqen zdat Yinubiyen d Yiḥitutiyen, iɣellsanen tilisa n Maṣer yernu ad yesseǧhed tazrirt-nnes. Taredsa-s tesɛa azal n 100.000 n yirgazen.

**<u>Tarennawt mgal iqerṣanen ''Shardanes'' :</u>** seg useggas wis sin n leḥkem-is, yemḥeq iqerṣanen i d-yusan ahat seg *Anatolia* neɣ *Sardinya*. Imenɣiyen-a, syin kecmen ɣer uεessas-is udmawan.

**<u>tawayt deg ''Surya'':</u>**

Aseggas wis 4: aẓdam n *Loverou*, yettabaɛen Iḥitutiyen.

Aseggas wis 5: Imenɣi n Qadesh mgal Iḥitutiyen n Muwatalli II. Ramsses yenna-d tarennawt, maca s tmuɣli tastratijit Iḥitutiyen qqimen d imεellmen n temnaḍt-a.

Aseggas wis 7: tawayt tamaynut deg tmurt n Surya d Kenɛan, tuṭṭfa n temdint n Lquds, Muεab, akk-d Dimecq iwakken ad tili ddaw tazrirt tamaṣrit.

Aseggas wis 8 -9 : yuẓa ɣer Dapour d Tunip, deg ugafa n Loverou, maca war agmuḍ imezgi.

Ulamma aṭas n tarennawt taredsant, ula d yiwen seg yidis-nni ur yessaweḍ ad yeḥkem tamnaḍt-a aṭas n wakud.

**amtawa n talwit akked Yiḥitutiyen:** deg useggas 21 (1259 B.C), Ramsses wis sin yefra-tt d *Hattusili III,* d amtawa amezwaru n talwit yettwassnen, S waya, yekfa yimenɣi i lmend n leḥkem n Surya yerna yesbedd-d talwit ara idumen.

**tawayt n Nubia Ramsses:** yewwi daɣen tinemzagin ɣer unẓul, akkin i ucarcur amezwaru n Nnil. Ddan warraw-is. Ifakanen am *Beit el-Wali* d *Gerf Ḥusin* smektayen-d timennayin-a.

**tawayt deg Libya:** yesbedd-d azeṭṭa n igudar deg tlisa n yilel agrakal n Libya. Iɣbula-a ttmeslayen-d ladɣa ɣef tawayt taserdasit tamaṣrit, maca war ma llan ttmeslayen-d s telqayt ɣef yimenɣiyen imeqranen.

S tewzel kan, Ramsses wis sin yella d amgaray, d adiplumaṭ : tiwayin-is tiserdasiyin, tikwal d tid i d-igellun s yigmaḍ-nsent, ssulint amtawa n talwit akked Yiḥitutiyen, ḍemnent arkad amassaɣ i Maṣer.

## Isenfaṛen isegdanen imeqqranen n Ramsses II
Ramsses wis sin yessenker-d, seg useggas wis 3 n tgelda-s, yiwen seg wahilen imeqqranen akk n lebni i d-yellan seg tzumag. Yella yebna neɣ yerra-d ayen yettwabnen yakan seg Delta ɣer Nubia, ibeddel Maṣer d asmel meqqren i tmanegt-is. Yella yesseqdac taẓuri d allal n tezniwt, yura s telqayt tira-nnes deg ifukan, i wakken ad qqimen i lebda seddaw n yiṭij, d azamul n wassaɣ-is akked yillu *Ri*.

**Tibes(Thebes):** Ifakanen iqburen uɣalen mmugen akken ad qadren Ramsses d illu yeddren.

**Pi-Ramsses:** yesnulfa-d yiwet n tmaneɣt d tamaynut deg Delta Usammar, isem-is *Pi-Ramsses Aa-nakhtu* ("Agezdu n Ramsses, d ameqqran deg tmerniwin"), iqerben ɣer *Levant* akken ad yessifsus tiḥemliwin-is. Tamdint-nni yella deg-s yifakanen, yiwet n tiɣremt tageldant d tameqqrant ula d urti n yiɣersiwen.

**Ramssum:** afakan n temḍelt n Remḍan wis sin deg Tibes, mucaεen s yisebdaden-is imeqqranen (d yiwen seg-sen 17 m d wugar n 1000 n yiṭunen) d tifelwiyin-is i d-isban ayen tarennawt-is deg Qadesh.

**Abu Simbel:** yettwabna azal n 1255 U.Ɛ, afakan-a yeɣza deg uẓru n *Nubie*, yettwahda i Ramsses d tmeṭṭut-is *Nefertari*, d azamul n tezmert-is n Rebbi d tin n lebda. Ufan-t-id deg 1813, yuɣal d yiwen seg yimekwan yettwassenen akk deg Maṣer taqburt.

**Imekwan nniḍen:** Ramsses yebna neɣ yerra-d aṭas n yifakanen deg Nubia (Beit el-Wali, Gerf Ḥusin, Kalabsha) yerna yessuter lebni n waṭas n yisebdaden ijehden, gar-asen yiwen seg 83 n yiṭunen tura deg uskan ɣer tama n usalay amaṣri ameqqran.

Tifin tiasenzikt tineggura-ya (2018 -2024) beggnent-d ayen i d-yegran d ajdid icudden ɣer Ramsses II : d akersi asfuglen deg Matariya, tafekka deg ugranit azeggaɣ icebbḥen s uzamul n Ka, yerna ula d agestur n wureɣ yettwacerḍen s yisem-is i d-yufraren deg yiwen ugadir n 3,200 iseggasen-a yagi.

## Tamettant d temḍelt n Remsses wis sin
Remsses wis sin yeḥkem azal n 66 n yiseggasen, yerna yemmut deg leɛmer-nnes azal n 90 n yiseggasen, yemmut deffir leḥkem ɣezzifen n liser d lufa. Ɣer taggara n tudert-is, yella yesεa uguren meqqren n tuɣmas, takriṭ d waṭṭan n wul. Yeǧǧa-d yiwet n temnekda d tamerkantit d waṭas n yisekwan. deffir ma yerbeḥ rrbeḥ d ameqqran. Ɣer taggara n tudert-is, yella yesεa uguren meqqren n tuɣmas, d waṭṭan n wul. Yeǧǧa-d yiwet n temnekda d tamerkantit d waṭas n yisekwan d ifukan. Tẓa n ifarɛunen wwin isem-is s  yiseɣ-nnes.

#### Tamumya n Ramsses wis sin
Yettwamḍel i tikkelt tamezwarut deg uẓekka n KV7 n Tɣzut n Yigelliden, maca ɣef lǧal n tukarḍa yellan deg tallit-nni, lmuqedmin aṭas iberdan i ibeddlen amkan n uẓekka-nnes, uqbel ad t-ffren deg uẓekka n umazday TT320, anda i t-id-ufan deg 1881. Tura atan deg usalay aɣelnaw n tɣermiwin timaṣriyin deg Lqahira.

Tamumya-nnes tessken-d yiwen n wergaz s teɣzi n 1,70 m, s wudem ijehden d ucekkuḥ azeggaɣ, yezmer lḥal yettwasfeḍ s lḥenni. Tiskanin- agi ssawḍent kra n yemnadiyen ad amnen belli yella seg yiwen n wegdud yesɛan acekkuḥ azeggaɣ, yerna yeqqen s lemtel ɣer yillu Set — isem n baba- s, Set Amezwaru, yeɛna s tidet “win i d-iḍefren Set.”

Deg 1976, ttwazen-d tamumya-nnes ɣer Fṛansa akken ad tt-id-ṣeggmen, anda ay tt-id-snebgin s yiseɣ aserdasi. Tasleḍt tasnujjyant sseknen-d aṭas n yimejraḥ iqburen deg tfekka-nnes, d d yiwen n unfafad n tuɣmas izemren ad yili d sebba n tmettant-nnes. Send adawi, rran-d tamummit-nni ɣer Maṣer deg 1977.

#### Iẓekwan n twacult
Nefertari, tameṭṭut-is tagejdant, tettwamḍel deg yiwen uẓekka d ummid i d-yufa Ernesto Schiaparelli deg useggas n 1904. Tifelwiyin-is n uɣrab i d-yekkan seg udlis n wid yemmuten n umyi amaṣri, seg tẓuri tamaṣrit i icebḥen akk.

KV5,yettwaf deg useggas 1995, d aẓekka meqqren n warraw-is : ugar n 150 n texxamin i d-ibanen, ahat alamma d 200, ɣas akken timumyitin ttwaɣent deg tallit taqburt.

#### Tajmilt tatrart
Deg 2021, tettekka tamumya n Remsses II deg ufsir n "ureɣ n Ferεun" deg uɣlaḍ n Lqahira, d asiweḍ yettεan azal ɣer usalay amaynut n Lqahira, ɣer tama n 21 n yigelliden nniḍen.