Tetraponera

***Tetraponera*** — ხის ჭიანჭველათა გვარი *Pseudomyrmecinae*-ს ქვეოჯახიდან. დაახლოებით 100 სახეობა.

## გავრცელება 
პალეოტროპიკი. ტროპიკული აფრიკა, მადაგასკარი, სამხრეთი აზია.

## კლასიფიკაცია 
ცნობილია დაახლოებით 100 სახეობა.

### სინონიმები 
* *Pachysima* კარლო ემერი
* *Parasima* Donisthorpe
* *Viticicola* Wheeler
* *Sima* Roger

### სახეობები 
* *Tetraponera aethiops* Smith, 1877
* *Tetraponera aitkenii* (Forel, 1902)
* *Tetraponera allaborans* (Walker, 1859)
* *Tetraponera ambigua* (Emery, 1895)
* *Tetraponera andrei* (Mayr, 1895)
* *Tetraponera angusta* (Arnold, 1949)
* *Tetraponera angustata* (Mayr, 1868)
* *Tetraponera anthracina* (Santschi, 1910)
* *Tetraponera arrogans* (Santschi, 1911)
* *Tetraponera atra* Donisthorpe, 1949
* *Tetraponera attenuata* Smith, 1877
* *Tetraponera bidentata* (Karavaiev, 1933)
* *Tetraponera bifoveolata* (Mayr, 1895)
* *Tetraponera binghami* (Forel, 1902)
* *Tetraponera birmana* (Forel, 1902)
* *Tetraponera braunsi* (Forel, 1913)
* *Tetraponera brevicornis* (Emery, 1900)
* *Tetraponera capensis* (Smith, 1858)
* *Tetraponera carbonaria* (Smith, 1863)
* *Tetraponera claveaui* (Santschi, 1913)
* *Tetraponera clypeata* (Emery, 1886)
* *Tetraponera demens* (Santschi, 1911)
* *Tetraponera dentifera* (Karavaiev, 1933)
* *Tetraponera diana* (Santschi, 1911)
* *Tetraponera difficilis* (Emery, 1900)
* *Tetraponera dilatata* (Karavaiev, 1933)
* *Tetraponera emacerata* (Santschi, 1911)
* *Tetraponera emeryi* (Forel, 1911)
* *Tetraponera encephala* (Santschi, 1919)
* *Tetraponera erythraea* (Emery, 1895)
* *Tetraponera exasciata* (Forel, 1892)
* *Tetraponera fictrix* (Forel, 1897)
* *Tetraponera flexuosa* (Santschi, 1911)
* *Tetraponera fulva* (Viehmeyer, 1916)
* *Tetraponera gerdae* (Stitz, 1911)
* *Tetraponera grandidieri* (Forel, 1891)
* *Tetraponera humerosa* (Emery, 1900)
* *Tetraponera hysterica* (Forel, 1892)
* *Tetraponera klebsi* (Wheeler, 1915)
* *Tetraponera lacrimarum* (Wheeler, 1915)
* *Tetraponera laeviceps* (Smith, 1877)
* *Tetraponera latifrons* (Emery, 1912)
* *Tetraponera ledouxi* Terron, 1969
* *Tetraponera lemoulti* (Santschi, 1920)
* *Tetraponera liengmei* (Forel, 1894)
* *Tetraponera maffini* Donisthorpe, 1948
* *Tetraponera mandibularis* (Emery, 1895)
* *Tetraponera mayri* (Forel, 1901)
* *Tetraponera microcarpa* Wu et Wang, 1990
* *Tetraponera minuta* (Jerdon, 1851)
* *Tetraponera mocquerysi* (Andre, 1890)
* *Tetraponera modesta* (Smith, 1860)
* *Tetraponera monardi* (Santschi, 1937)
* *Tetraponera morondaviensis* (Forel, 1891)
* *Tetraponera nasuta* Bernard, 1953
* *Tetraponera natalensis* (Smith, 1858)
* *Tetraponera nicobarensis* (Forel, 1903)
* *Tetraponera nigra* (Jerdon, 1851)
* *Tetraponera nitens* (Stitz, 1925)
* *Tetraponera nitida* (Smith, 1860)
* *Tetraponera ocellata* (Mayr, 1868)
* *Tetraponera oligocenica* (Theobald, 1937)
* *Tetraponera ophthalmica* (Emery, 1912)
* *Tetraponera parops*
* *Tetraponera penzigi* (Mayr, 1904)
* *Tetraponera perlonga* Santschi, 1928
* *Tetraponera petiolata* Smith, 1877
* *Tetraponera phragmotica*
* *Tetraponera pilosa* (Smith, 1858)
* *Tetraponera platynota* (Karavaiev, 1933)
* *Tetraponera plicatidens* (Santschi, 1926)
* *Tetraponera poultoni* Donisthorpe, 1931
* *Tetraponera prelli* (Forel, 1911)
* *Tetraponera punctulata* Smith, 1877
* *Tetraponera rakotonis* (Forel, 1891)
* *Tetraponera rotula*
* *Tetraponera rufipes* (Jerdon, 1851)
* *Tetraponera rufonigra* (Jerdon, 1851)
* *Tetraponera sahlbergii* (Forel, 1887)
* *Tetraponera schulthessi* (Santschi, 1915)
* *Tetraponera scotti* Donisthorpe, 1931
* *Tetraponera siggi* (Forel, 1902)
* *Tetraponera simplex* (Mayr, 1868)
* *Tetraponera stipitum* (Forel, 1912)
* *Tetraponera tessmanni* (Stitz, 1910)
* *Tetraponera thagatensis* (Forel, 1902)
* *Tetraponera triangularis* (Stitz, 1910)
* *Tetraponera undet*
* *Tetraponera zavattarii* (Menozzi, 1939)

## ლიტერატურა
* Buschinger, A., R. W. Klein, et Maschwitz, U. (1994). *Colony structure of a bamboo-dwelling Tetraponera sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Pseudomyrmecinae) from Malaysia.* Insect. Soc. 41: 29-41.
* Terron, G. (1970). *Recherches morphologiques et biologiques sur Tetraponera anthracina Santschi et sur son parasite social temporaire Tetraponera ledouxi Terron (Hym. Formicidae, Promyrmicinae).* — Ph.D. diss., Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse. — 313 p.
* Ward, P. S. (2001). *Taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of the ant genus Tetraponera (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Oriental and Australian regions.* Invertebr. Taxon. 15: 589—665.
* Wu, J. and C. Wang (1990). *A taxonomic study on the genus Tetraponera Smith in China (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).* [In Chinese]. Sci. Silvae Sin. 26: 515—518.

## რესურსები ინტერნეტში
* 
* Tree Of Life: Tetraponera 

## სქოლიო
კატეგორია:Pseudomyrmecinae