Andrew Johnson

**Andrew Johnson** () ya iku présidhèn Amérika Sarékat angka 17 lan njabat ing 1865 tekan 1869. Muturut konstitusi, Andrew Johnson sing njabat minangka Wakil Présidhèn sing otomatis dadi présidhèn nalika Présidhèn Abraham Lincoln tilar donya ing prastawa rajapati. Panjenengané uga salah sijining présidhèn Amérika Sarékat sing nikah ing yuswa paling enom, nalika dina nikahé 5 Mèi 1827, panjenengané 18 taun yuswané, nanging garwané, Eliza McCardle, yuswané 16 taun.

## Mangsa cilik 
Andrew Johnson dilairaké  29 Dhésèmber 1808. Wong Tuwané mlarat. Bapaké salah sijining tukang jaga lawang ing salah sijining papan panginepan, lan ibuké tilas pelayan ing panginepan mau.

Andrew Johnson ora tau disekolahaké, nanging lekas sinau dhéwé nalika umuré isih enom. Nalika enom, panjenengané makarya ing salah sijining tukang jait, kanthi karep kanggo dadi tukang jait. Nanging panjenengané salanjuté lumayu ing salah sijining kutha ing Tennessee lan ing papan iku panjenengané mbukak salah sijining toko jait klambi.

## Karir pulitik 
Andrew Johnson nglamar anaké tukang sepatu. Garwané, sing pendhidhikané apik, nyurung Andrew Johnson ing usaha-pangudiné kanggo yasa awaké dewé kanthi sinau. Ora suwé, panjenengané wés kasil nglumpukaké kauletan-kauletan lan jeneng apik ing kalangan masarakat minangka warga sing paling kaloka. Panjenengané nduwé rasa perhatian ing masalah-masalah kemasyarakatan lan ing akhiré nggawa masalah iku ing donya pulitik. Panjenengané dadi anggota Dewan Kotapraja, salanjuté njabat minangka walikutha, lan salanjuté iku wakil praja lan senator.

Ing yuswa 35 taun panjenengané dadi anggota ing Kongrès Amérika lan njabat sasuwéné sepuluh taun. Salanjuté panjenengané dadi Gubernur Tennesse lan sawisé iku dadi senator sasuwéné limang taun.

## Mangsa Kaprèsidhènan 
Ing tanggal 15 April 1865, sawisé Présidhèn Lincoln tilar donya amarga rajapati, Andrew Johnson diangkat dadi présidhèn.

Sasuwené mangsa jabatané, rong amandemèn wes ditambahaké ing kongrès Amérika. Amandemèn sing ditambahaké ya iku: 
# Ngilangaké babagan batur tukon ing Amérika Sarékat lan ngukuhaké wong-wong négro minangka warga nagara Amérika, lan nglarang diskriminasi kanggo golongan iku. Undang-undang iki kaloka minangka undang-undang **Hak Sipil** taun 1866. 
# Ora ana praja sing olèh nyabut jiwa, kabebasan utawa harta bendané salah sijining wong tanpa lumantar ukum sing lumaku.

Présidhèn Andrew Johnson ya iku anggota saka Parté Dhémokrat Amérika Sarékat, padahal Lincoln asalé saka Parté Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat. Panjenengané ora dikancani karo wakil présidhèn. Sasuwené nyekel jabatané, panjenengané béda pamikirian karo kongres, luwih-luwih karo anggota-anggota parté républik sing radikal. Golongan iki nyekel peran nalika mutusaké salah sijining undang-undang, kalebu mbatalaké veto salah sijining présidhèn. Kanggo sing kapisan ing sajarah kongrès kasil mbatalaké putusan présidhèn babagan salah sijining undang-undang wigati. Para anggota padha usaha kanggo mbatesi kanthi ketat kuasané présidhèn kanthi netapaké jumlah rancangan undang-undang lan nalika Présidhèn Andrew Johnson nglirwakaké salah sijining peraturan iku kanthi mecat Mantri Perangé, pamriksaan pelanggaran dikenèkaké kanggo panjenengané lan panjenengané diadili déning senat Amérika Sarékat, nanging panjenengané dibébasaké saka tuduhan kanthi béda siji swara.

Nalika taun 1869 Présidhèn Andrew Johnson ninggal Gedung Putih lan bali ing praja Tennessee.

Ing taun 1875, enem taun sawisé ninggal Gedung Putih, Andrew Johnson bali ing Washington, D.C. minangka Senator. Panjenengané tilar donya pirang wulan salanjuté ing tanggal 31 Juli 1875 sawisé diserang lelara lumpuh. Panjenengané ninggal garwa siji, putra telu lan putri loro.

## Uga delengen 
* Pratélan Jenderal Perang Sipil Amérika
* Pilihan umum Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat, 1864
* Sajarah Amérika Sarékat
* Tennessee Johnson
* Pratélan Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat
* Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat ing Perangko Amérika Sarékat

## Bibliografi 
* Beale, Howard K., *The Critical Year. A Study of Andrew Johnson and Reconstruction* (1930). ISBN 0-8044-1085-2
* Benedict, Michael Les, *The Impeachment and Trial of Andrew Johnson* (1999). ISBN 0-393-31982-2
* Boulard, Garry, "The Swing Around the Circle—Andrew Johnson and the Train Ride that Destroyed a Presidency" (2008) ISBN 978-1-4401-0239-4
* Castel, Albert E., *The Presidency of Andrew Johnson * (1979). ISBN 0-7006-0190-2
* DeWitt, D. M., *The Impeachment and Trial of Andrew Johnson* (1903).
* Du Bois, W. E. B. 'The Transubstantiation of a Poor White' in *Black Reconstruction: An Essay Toward the History of the Part Which Black People Have Played in the Attempt to Reconstruct Democracy in America, 1860–1880* (1935). ISBN 0-527-25280-8.
* Dunning, W. A., *Essays on the Civil War and Reconstruction* (New York, 1898)
* Dunning, W. A., *Reconstruction, Political and Economic* (New York, 1907) online edition
* Foster, G. Allen, *Impeached: The President who almost lost his job* (New York, 1964).
* Gordon-Reed, Annette *Andrew Johnson: The American Presidents Series: The 17th President, 1865-1869*, ISBN 0-8050-6948-8.
** Gordon-Reed, Annette speaking on CSPAN Booktv *Andrew Johnson*
* Kennedy, John F., "Profiles In Courage" (2006)
* Hatfield, Mark O., with the Senate Historical Office, Vice Presidents of the United States, 1789–1993.(U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997), p.&nbsp;219
* Mantell, Martin E. *Johnson, Grant, and the Politics of Reconstruction* (1973)
* McKitrick, Eric L., *Andrew Johnson and Reconstruction* (1961). ISBN 0-19-505707-4
* Means;Howard, *The Avenger Takes His Place: Andrew Johnson and the 45 Days That Changed the Nation* (New York, 2006)
* Milton; George Fort. *The Age of Hate: Andrew Johnson and the Radicals* (1930) online edition
* Patton; James Welch. *Unionism and Reconstruction in Tennessee, 1860–1869* (1934) online edition
* Rhodes; James Ford *History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850 to the McKinley-Bryan Campaign of 1896* Volume: 6. 1920. Pulitzer prize.
* Schouler, James. *History of the United States of America: Under the Constitution vol. 7. 1865–1877. The Reconstruction Period* (1917)
* 
* Sledge, James L. III. "Johnson, Andrew" in *Encyclopedia of the American Civil War.* edited by David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler. (2000)
* Stewart, David, O. ''Impeached: the Trial of President Andrew Johnson and the Fight for Lincoln's Legacy* (2009) Simon and Schuster, New York, NY. ISBN 978-1-4165-4749-5.
* Stryker, Lloyd P., *Andrew Johnson: A Study in Courage* (1929). ISBN 0-403-01231-7 online edition
* 
* Winston; Robert W. *Andrew Johnson: Plebeian and Patriot* (1928) online edition

### Sumber Primer 
* Ralph W. Haskins, LeRoy P. Graf, and Paul H. Bergeron et al., eds. *The Papers of Andrew Johnson* 16 volumes; University of Tennessee Press, (1967–2000). ISBN 1-57233-091-0. Includes all letters and speeches by Johnson, and many letters written to him. Complete to 1875.
* Newspaper clippings, 1865–1869
* Series of *Harper's Weekly'' articles covering the impeachment controversy and trial
* Johnson's obituary, from the *New York Times* 

## Cathetan sikil 
## Pranala njaba 
* The Impeachment trial of President Johnson as reported in Harper's Monthly Magazine April 1868
* Obituary, NY Times, August 1, 1875, *Andrew Johnson Dead*
* Articles of Impeachment
* White House Biography 
* Vice Presidential biography. From the Senate Historical Office.
* Mr. Lincoln's White House: Andrew Johnson
* Andrew Johnson Cleveland Speech (September 3, 1866) 
* *Congressional Globe* transcript of Johnsons inaugural address
* *Speeches of Andrew Johnson : President of the United States * 1866 collection at archive.org
* Andrew Johnson's 200th Birthday Celebration site at DiscoverGreeneville.com 
* Andrew Johnson: A Resource Guide from the Library of Congress
* Tennessee State Library & Archives, Andrew Johnson Papers, 1846-1875
* Tennessee State Library & Archives, Papers of Governor Andrew Johnson, 1853-1857
* Tennessee State Library & Archives, Papers of (Military) Governor Andrew Johnson, 1862-1865
*  Retrieved on 2009-03-02
* Essay on Andrew Johnson and shorter essays on each member of his cabinet and First Lady from the Miller Center of Public Affairs
*Andrew Johnson at C-SPAN's *American Presidents: Life Portraits*