Opuntia

***Opuntia***, uga ditepungi minangka nopales utawa kaktus dayung (pirsani ing ngisor), iku génus ing famili kaktus, Cactaceae.

Saiki, mung **pir eri** sing kalebu sajeroning génus iki watara 200 spésies disebaraké ing mèh kabèh Amérika. Chollas saiki dipisahaké sajeroning génus *Cylindropuntia*, sing sapérangan isih nimbang subgenus saka *Opuntia*. *Austrocylindropuntia*, *Corynopuntia* lan *Micropuntia* uga asring dilebokaké sajeroning génus iki, nanging kaya *Cylindropuntia* dhèwèké katoné béda cukup becik. *Brasiliopuntia* lan *Miqueliopuntia* iku kerabat cerak saka Opuntia.

## Tuwuhing cawang Pir Eri
## Spesies pilihan
*Opuntia* hibrida gampang antar spésies. Iki bisa njalari angèl anggoné klasifikasi.  Uga, ora kabèh spésies sing kadhaftar ing kéné mungel sajatiné kalebu génus iki.
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*Opuntia fragilis*]]
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 (*Opuntia pinkavae*), dijenengi kanggo ngurmati Donald John Pinkava]]
*Opuntia polycantha*]]
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* *Opuntia aciculata*
* *Opuntia anacantha*
* *Opuntia atrispina*
* *Opuntia auberi*
* *Opuntia aurantiaca*
* *Opuntia basilaris* &ndash; kaktus beavertail
* *Opuntia bigelovii* &ndash; Teddybear cholla, jumping cholla
* *Opuntia boldinghii*
* *Opuntia chaffeyi*
* *Opuntia chlorotica* &ndash; Pancake Prickly Pear; asli USA kidul-kulon lan Sonoran lan ara-ara Mojave.
* *Opuntia clavata*
* *Opuntia cochenillifera*
* *Opuntia comonduensis*
* *Opuntia compressa*
* *Opuntia curvospina*
* *Opuntia decumana*
* *Opuntia decumbens* &ndash; *Nopal de Culebra*
* *Opuntia dejecta*
* *Opuntia echinocarpa*
* *Opuntia echios
** *Opuntia echios* var. *gigantea* &ndash; Galápagos prickly pear. Kapoloan Galápagos.
* *Opuntia elata*
* *Opuntia elatior* Mill. &ndash; sinonim *O. bergeriana*
* *Opuntia engelmannii* &ndash; Engelmann's Prickly Pear, Cow's-tongue Prickly Pear, Desert Prickly Pear, Discus Prickly Pear, Texas Prickly Pear, kaktus belacu
* *Opuntia erinacea*
* *Opuntia exaltata*
* *Opuntia excelsa*
* *Opuntia ficus-barbarica*
* *Opuntia ficus-indica* &ndash; Indian Fig Opuntia
* *Opuntia fragilis* &ndash; Little Prickly Pear, brittle cactus. Ditemokaké ing Great Plains lan saadoh-adohé kulon British Columbia.
* *Opuntia galapageia*
* *Opuntia gosseliniana* &ndash; Violet Prickly Pear
** *Opuntia gosseliniana* var. *santa-rita* &ndash; Santa Rita Prickly Pear
* *Opuntia helleri*
* *Opuntia hickenii*
* *Opuntia humifusa* &ndash; **Eastern Prickly Pear** (sok-sok kalebu ing *O. compressa*)
* *Opuntia hyptiacantha*
* *Opuntia imbricata* &ndash; Tree cholla
* *Opuntia inamoema* K. Schum. &ndash; *quipá*
* *Opuntia insularis*
* *Opuntia invicta*
* *Opuntia jamaicensis*
* *Opuntia laevis*
* *Opuntia lasiacantha*
* *Opuntia leptocaulis* &ndash; Kaktus potelot, Kaktus natal ara-ara
* *Opuntia leucotricha* &ndash; **Arborescent Prickly Pear**, Aaron's beard cactus, semaphore cactus, *Duraznillo blanco*, *Nopal blanco*
* *Opuntia lindheimeri* &ndash; Cowtongue Prickly Pear
* *Opuntia littoralis* &ndash; Sprawling Prickly Pear
* *Opuntia longispina*
* *Opuntia macrocentra* &ndash; Black-spine Prickly Pear, Purple Prickly Pear. Ditemokaké kidul-kulon USA lan Meksiko lor.
* *Opuntia macrorhiza* &ndash; Plains Prickly Pear. Ditemokaké ing kabèh Great Plains kejaba kanggo laladan lor (ora tinemu Dakota Lor), lan mawiyar kanthi sporadis mangétan tekan Kentucky. Sinonim *O. leptocarpa* MacKensen, *O. tenuispina* Engelm., *O. tortispina* Engelm. & Bigelow
* *Opuntia maldonandensis*
* *Opuntia maxima*
* *Opuntia megacantha*
* *Opuntia megarrhiza*
* *Opuntia megasperma*
* *Opuntia microdasys* &ndash; Kaktus kuping klinci, Kaktus polka-dot
* *Opuntia monacantha* &ndash; **Common Prickly Pear**
* *Opuntia oricola*
* *Opuntia ovata*
* *Opuntia pachypus*
* *Opuntia pachyrrhiza*
* *Opuntia phaeacantha* &ndash; **Tulip Prickly Pear**. Klebu Plateau Prickly Pear, Brown-spined Prickly Pear, Mojave Prickly Pear, Kingman Prickly Pear.
* *Opuntia pinkavae* &ndash; Pinkava's Prickly Pear
* *Opuntia polyacantha* &ndash; Panhandle Prickly Pear. Ditemokaké ing Great Plains, Great Basin, Mojave Desert, Colorado Plateau, lan ing Rocky Mountains. Sinonim. *O. rhodantha* K.Schum.
** *Opuntia polyacantha* var. *arenaria* (sinonim *O. erinacea*)
* *Opuntia pubescens* (sinonim *O. pascoensis* Britton & Rose)
* *Opuntia pusilla* &ndash; Creeping cactus. Sinonim. *O. drummondii* Graham
* *Opuntia quitensis* &ndash; **Red Buttons Opuntia** (sinonim *O. macbridei*, *O. johnsonii*, *Platyopuntia quitensis)
* *Opuntia rastrera*
* *Opuntia repens*

* *Opuntia robusta*
* *Opuntia rufida* (sok-sok kalebu sajeroning *O. microdasys*)
* *Opuntia saxicola*
* *Opuntia schumannii*
* *Opuntia soehrensii*
* *Opuntia stenopetala* (sinonim *O. riviereana* Backeb.)
* *Opuntia streptacantha*
* *Opuntia stricta* &ndash; **Erect Prickly Pear**, Spineless Prickly Pear, Coastal Prickly Pear
* *Opuntia subulata* &ndash; tinemu ing Amérika Kidul
* *Opuntia sulphurea*
* *Opuntia taylori*
* *Opuntia tehuantepecana* &ndash; *Nopal de Caballo*
* *Opuntia tomentosa* &ndash; Woollyjoint Prickly Pear
* *Opuntia triacantha*
* *Opuntia tuna*
* *Opuntia velutina*
* *Opuntia violacea*

 (*Cylindropuntia fulgida*)]]

### *Opuntia* biyèn
* *Austrocylindropuntia*
* *Brasiliopuntia*
* *Corynopuntia*
* *Cylindropuntia*
* *Disocactus phyllanthoides* (minangka *Opuntia speciosa*)
* *Micropuntia*
* *Miqueliopuntia*

## Pirsani uga
*Pir eri ing Australia

## Cathetan sikil
## Réferènsi
*  (1995): The bug that changed history. *Boatman's Quarterly Rreview* **8**(2). HTML fulltext 
*  (2000): Effects of *Opuntia megacantha* on blood glucose and kidney function in streptozotocin diabetic rats. *Journal of Ethnopharmacology* **69**(3): 247–252.  PMID 10722207 (HTML abstract)
*  (2002): Taxonomy, distribution, rarity status and uses of Canadian Cacti. *Haseltonia* **9**: 17–25 [Google Scholar](http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Cota-S%C3%A1nchez,+J.+Hugo+(2002):+Taxonomy,+distribution,+rarity+status+and+uses+of+Canadian+Cacti.+Haseltonia+9:+17-25&hl=en&safe=off&um=1&ie=UTF-8&oi=scholart) PDF abstract 
*  (1983): Effects of nopal (*Opuntia* sp.) on serum lipids, glycemia and body weight. *Archivos de investigacion medica* **14**(2): 117–125. PMID 6314922 [Article in English, Spanish]
*  (1995): Ayahuasca Additive Plants. *In: Ayahuasca Analogues: Pangaean Entheogens*.
*  (2005): Interventions for preventing or treating alcohol hangover: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. *Brit. Med. J.* **331**(7531): 1515–1518.  PMID 16373736 PDF fulltext
*  (1988): Natural Enemies of Cochineal (*Dactylopius coccus* Costa): Importance in Mexico. *Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development* **3**: 43–49. PDF fulltext 
*  (1998): Glycemic Effects of Various Species of Nopal (*Opuntia* sp.) in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. *Texas Journal of Rural Health* **16**(1): 68–76.
*  (1997): Visionary Cactus Guide: *Opunita * [*sic*]. Retrieved 2007-OCT-15.
*  (2004): Effect of *Opuntia ficus indica* [*sic*] on Symptoms of the Alcohol Hangover. *Arch. Intern. Med.'' **164**(12): 1334–1340. PDF fulltext

## Pranala njaba 
* Opuntiads of the USA
* Eating the Prickly Pear
*Arizona Salvage Restricted Protected Native Plants (AZ Dept. of Agriculture)