Hedy Lamarr

**Hedy Lamarr** (; 9 November 1914 – 19 Januari 2000) inggih punika tiyang aktris lan matematikawan Ostenrik-Amérika ingkang misuwur amargi kecantikanipun lan dados bintang kontrak ageng ing "Zaman Keemasan" MGM.

 Max Reinhardt, rekan mérdamél ing Berlin, nyébatakén Lamarr "wanita tercantik ing Éropa" amargi "tampilanipun ingkang sangét eksotis lan gelap," sebuah sentimen ingkang lajéng dipunsébat-sébat déning para penonton lan pengkritiknya. Piyambakipun wiwit misuwur ing mbintangi *Ecstasy* karya Gustav Machatý, sebuah filem ingkang nampilakén cuplikan tokoh ingkang dipunperankén ing wekdal ngélampahi  orgasme ing salah satunggaling adégan lan telanjang bulat ing adegan sanès. Kalihipun adégan kasbéut mbotén lazim ing masa pemikiran konservatif ingkang merupakan masa puncak karieripun.
bakat ing babagan matematika, Lamarr sami kaliyan komponis George Antheil manggihakén sebuah teknik komunikasi spektrum sebar lan perpindahan frekuensi kawiwitan ingkang dipunbétahakèn kanggé ngélampahi komunikasi nirkabel ngantos jaman pra-komputer ngantos sapunika.
## Penemuan spektrum sebar nggantos frekuensi
thumb|220px|Hedy Lamarr en 1934

[thumb|left|220px|*[La Princesse et le Groom* (1945)]]

Komponis avant garde George Antheil, putra imigran Jerman punika tetangga Lamarr, sampun bereksperimen kaliyan pengendalian instumen musik kanthi otomatis, kalebet musikipun kanggé *Ballet Mécanique*, ingkang wiwitan dipunserat kanggé filem abstrak karya Fernand Léger taun 1924. Musik otomatis karyanipun aruoa pinten-pinten pianola ingkang dipunmainaken kanthi sami-sami.

Lamarr nepangaken idenipun ing Antheil lan sami-sami ngirimaken ide *sistem komunikasi rahasia* mau ing wulan Juni 1941. Tanggal 11 Agustus 1942, US Patent 2,292,387 dipunparingake dateng Antheil lan "Hedy Kiesler Markey," asma nikah Lamarr ing wekdal punika. Versi wiwit nggantos frekuensi punika ya iku pemanfaatan rol piano kanggé nggatos-nggantos ing  88 frekuensi lan gadhah ancas torpedo ingkang dipunpandu radio sulit terdeteksi musuh. Punika mpresentasiaken teknik punika ing ngajeng Angkatan Laut A.S., ide punika dipuntolak lan boten diadopsi.

Ide punika énggal dipunterapaken ing Amérikah Sarékat ing taun 1962 olèh kapal-kapal militèr A.S. saat mblokir Kuba sasampunipun patenipun kedaluwarsa. Amargi manawi pengembanganipun kahambat, paten punika énggal dipunmangertosi publik ing taun 1997 manawi Electronic Frontier Foundation maringi penghargaan dateng Lamarr atas kontribusinipun. nanging paten ingkang kedaluwarsa sajatosipun dipunanggep boten gadhah aji. Antheil séda ing taun 1959.
## Filmografi
**Das Geld liegt auf der Straße* (*Money on the Street*, 1930)
**Die Frau von Lindenau* (*The Woman of Lindenau*, 1931)
**Die Abenteuer des Herrn O. F.* (*The Adventures of Mr. O. F.*, 1931)
**Man braucht kein Geld* (*We Need No Money*, 1932)
**Ekstase / Symphonie der Liebe* (*Ecstasy*, 1933)
**Algiers* (1938)
**Hollywood Goes to Town* (1938)
**Screen Snapshots: Stars at a Charity Ball* (1939)
**Lady of the Tropics* (1939)
**I Take This Woman* (1940)
**Boom Town* (1940)
**Comrade X* (1940)
**Come Live With Me* (1941)
**Ziegfeld Girl* (1941)
**H.M. Pulham, Esq.* (1941)
**Tortilla Flat* (1942)
**Crossroads* (1942)
**White Cargo* (1942)

**Show Business at War* (1943)
**The Heavenly Body* (1944)
**The Conspirators* (1944)
**Experiment Perilous* (1944)
**Her Highness and the Bellboy* (1945)
**The Strange Woman* (1946)
**Dishonored Lady* (1947)
*''Let's Live a Little* (1948)
**Samson and Delilah* (1949)
**A Lady Without Passport* (1950)
**Copper Canyon* (1950)
**My Favorite Spy* (1951)
**The Eternal Female* (1954) (tidak selesai)
**Loves of Three Queens* (1954)
**The Story of Mankind* (1957)
**The Female Animal* (1958)
**Instant Karma* (1990) [archive footage]

## Pratélan pustaka
* Barton, Ruth. *Hedy Lamarr: The Most Beautiful Woman in Film*. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 2010. ISBN 978-0-8131-2604-3.
* Rhodes, Richard. *Hedy's Folly: The Life and Breakthrough Inventions of Hedy Lamarr, the Most Beautiful Woman in the World''. Doubleday, 2011. ISBN 0-385-53438-8.

## Ndelengen Uga
*Pratélan tokoh Ostenrik
*Inventor's Day

## Cathetan suku 
## Réferènsi
* Hedy Lamarr, *Ecstasy and Me*
* "Hedy Lamarr", Half-Life2.net(December 13, 2004)http://www.halflife2.net/wiki/index.php/Hedy_Lamarr  Retrieved on 2008-12-21
* Robert A. Scholtz, "The Origins of Spread-Spectrum Communications," IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 30, No. 5, May 1982, p.&nbsp;822.
* Robert Price, "Further Notes and Anecdotes on Spread-Spectrum Origins," IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 31, No. 1, January 1983, p.&nbsp;85.
* 

## Pranala njaba 
* Hedy Lamarr Site 
* Hedy Lamarr foundation 
* Hedy Lamarr fansite 
* 
* 
* Hedy Lamarr at Reel Classics
* Inventions.org page on Hedy Lamarr
* Interview with Hedy Lamarr biographer Patrick Agan
* *Advanced Weaponry of the Stars* by Prof. Hans-Joachim Braun  Invention & Technology article about Hedy Lamarr's patent
* Annual Inventor's Day on her Birthday
* CorelDRAW splash screens
* *Calling Hedy Lamarr* (2004)
* Photographs and literature