open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
ꦮꦯꦶ

thumb|ꦱꦸꦒꦶꦲꦫꦒꦩꦶ(ꦱꦭꦃꦱꦠꦸꦗꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦮꦯꦶ)
thumb|ꦖꦶꦪꦺꦴꦒꦩꦶ
[thumb|ꦎꦫꦶꦒꦩꦶ[ꦧꦸꦫꦸꦁꦗꦼꦗꦁ ]]
꧋ꦲꦸꦠꦮ**ꦮꦒꦩꦶ**ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦢ꧀ꦭꦸꦮꦁꦱꦶꦁꦢꦶꦒꦮꦺꦏꦤ꧀ꦛꦶꦩꦼꦠꦺꦴꦢꦺꦠꦿꦝꦶꦱꦶꦪꦺꦴꦤꦭ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦗꦼꦥꦁ꧉ꦢꦶꦧꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦔꦏꦺꦏꦫꦺꦴꦣ꧀ꦭꦸꦮꦁꦥꦿꦺꦴꦢꦸꦏ꧀ꦱꦶꦩꦼꦱꦶꦤ꧀‌ꦱꦼꦫꦠ꧀ꦱꦗꦼꦫꦺꦴꦤꦶꦁꦮꦱ꧀ꦲꦶꦭꦸꦮꦶꦃꦢꦮꦱꦲꦺꦁꦒꦮꦱ꧀ꦲꦶꦧꦶꦱꦢꦶꦒꦮꦺꦭꦸꦮꦶꦃꦠꦶꦥꦶꦱ꧀‌꧈ꦤꦔꦶꦁꦠꦲꦤ꧀ꦱꦸꦮꦺ(ꦲꦺꦴꦫꦒꦼꦭꦶꦱ꧀ꦭꦸꦱꦸꦃꦲꦸꦠꦮꦱꦸꦮꦺꦏ꧀)꧉

꧋ꦥꦿꦺꦴꦢꦸꦏ꧀ꦱꦶꦮꦱ꧀ꦲꦶꦏꦼꦉꦥ꧀ꦲꦺꦴꦫꦢꦥꦠ꧀ꦔꦼꦧꦏꦶꦥꦚ꧀ꦗꦭꦸꦏ꧀ꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦱꦸꦩꦺꦤ꧀ꦱꦲꦺꦁꦒꦢꦝꦶꦭꦫꦁꦉꦒꦤꦺ꧉ꦲꦶꦁꦗꦼꦥꦁ꧈ꦮꦱ꧀ꦲꦶꦢꦶꦥꦶꦒꦸꦤꦏꦏꦺꦱꦗꦼꦫꦺꦴꦤꦶꦁꦩꦤꦺꦏꦗꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦧꦫꦁꦏꦼꦫꦗꦶꦤꦤ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦱꦼꦤꦶꦏꦪꦎꦫꦶꦒꦩꦶ꧈ꦯꦺꦴꦢꦺꦴꦭꦤ꧀ꦈꦏꦶꦪꦺꦴꦌ꧉ꦮꦱ꧀ꦲꦶꦲꦸꦒꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦉꦉꦁꦒꦤ꧀ꦱꦗꦼꦫꦺꦴꦤꦶꦁꦄꦒꦩꦯꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴ꧈ꦧꦲꦤ꧀ꦥꦠꦸꦁꦧꦸꦢ꧈ꦧꦲꦤ꧀ꦩꦺꦧꦼꦭ꧀꧈ꦲꦭꦱ꧀ꦱꦱ꧀ꦲꦶꦩꦶꦱꦗꦼꦫꦺꦴꦤꦶꦁꦏꦼꦩꦱꦤ꧀‌꧈ꦧꦲꦤ꧀ꦥꦼꦂꦊꦁꦏꦥꦤ꧀ꦠꦸꦫꦸ꧈ꦧꦲꦤ꧀ꦏ꧀ꦭꦩ꧀ꦧꦶꦏꦪꦏꦶꦩꦺꦴꦤꦺꦴ꧈ꦱꦂꦠꦧꦲꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦫꦶꦪꦺꦴꦂꦲꦺꦴꦩꦃꦭꦤ꧀ꦥꦼꦭꦥꦶꦱ꧀ꦭꦮꦁꦱꦸꦫꦸꦁ꧉ꦮꦱ꧀ꦲꦶꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦧꦲꦤ꧀ꦢꦸꦮꦶꦠ꧀ꦢ꧀ꦭꦸꦮꦁꦱꦲꦺꦁꦒꦢꦸꦮꦶꦠ꧀ꦢ꧀ꦭꦸꦮꦁꦪꦺꦤ꧀ꦩꦶꦱꦸꦮꦸꦂꦏꦸꦮꦠ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦲꦺꦴꦫꦒꦩ꧀ꦥꦁꦭꦸꦱꦸꦃ꧉

## ꦥꦿꦤꦭꦚ꧀ꦗꦧ
* Washi  ꦥ꦳ꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴꦥ꦳ꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴꦧꦲꦤ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦕꦫꦒꦮꦺꦮꦯꦶ
*  Cara gawé washi ꦩꦸꦱꦶꦪꦸꦩ꧀ꦮꦯꦶꦆꦁꦩꦶꦤꦺꦴ꧈ꦥꦿꦼꦥ꦳ꦼꦏ꧀ꦠꦸꦂꦒꦶꦥ꦳ꦸ
*  Museum Washi
ꦱꦸꦱꦺꦥ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦂ

[jmpl|ꦱꦸꦱꦺꦥ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦂꦧꦶꦱꦢꦶꦠꦩ꧀ꦧꦲꦏꦺꦩꦼꦚꦁ"ꦊꦔꦤ꧀ꦏꦿꦶꦱ꧀ꦥꦶꦁ"ꦲꦶꦁ[ꦎꦭꦲꦤ꧀ꦏꦺꦥꦺꦤꦏ꧀|ꦥꦔꦤꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦁꦚꦺꦤꦺꦔꦏꦺꦏꦪꦠꦲꦺꦴꦠ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦕ꧀ꦏꦺꦠ꧀ꦱ꧀]]
꧋**ꦱꦸꦱꦺꦥ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦂ**ꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏꦱꦭꦃꦱꦮꦶꦗꦶꦤꦶꦁꦧꦲꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦁꦢꦶꦒꦸꦤꦏꦏꦺꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦚꦼꦉꦥ꧀ꦲꦺꦤꦺꦂꦒꦶꦌꦭꦺꦏ꧀ꦠꦿꦺꦴꦩꦒ꧀ꦤꦺꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦔꦺꦴꦮꦲꦶꦢꦝꦶꦥꦤꦱ꧀(ꦱꦶꦁꦏꦢꦁꦏꦭꦢꦶꦫꦚ꧀ꦕꦁꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦣꦶꦥꦚ꧀ꦕꦫꦏꦺꦩꦤꦺꦃꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏꦫꦢꦶꦪꦱꦶꦠꦺꦂꦩꦭ꧀ꦆꦤ꧀ꦥ꦳ꦿꦩꦺꦫꦃ)꧉ꦌꦤꦺꦂꦒꦶꦌꦭꦺꦏ꧀ꦠꦿꦺꦴꦩꦒ꧀ꦤꦺꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦧꦶꦪꦱꦤꦺꦫꦢꦶꦪꦺꦴꦥ꦳ꦿꦺꦐꦸꦮꦺꦚ꧀ꦕ꧀ꦪ꧀ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦫꦢꦶꦪꦱꦶꦒꦼꦭꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦧꦁꦩꦶꦏꦿꦺꦴꦱꦶꦁꦢꦶꦒꦸꦤꦏꦏꦺꦲꦶꦁꦥꦿꦺꦴꦱꦺꦱ꧀ꦥꦼꦩꦤꦱꦤ꧀ꦆꦤ꧀ꦢꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦶ꧈ꦭꦤ꧀ꦲꦸꦒꦲꦶꦁꦩꦱꦏ꧀ꦒꦼꦭꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦧꦁꦩꦶꦏꦿꦺꦴ꧉
CUDA

***Compute Unified Device Architecture*** (CUDA) inggih menika platform komputasi paralel lan antarmuka pemrograman aplikasi (API) ingkang dados milikipun piyambak, ingkang ngidini piranti lunak ngginakaken jinis-jinis graphics processing unit (GPU) tartamtu kangge pamrosesan umum ingkang dipun-accelerate, pendekatan ingkang dipunsebat general-purpose computing wonten ing GPU (GPGPU). CUDA API lan runtime-ipun: CUDA API inggih menika ekstensi saking basa pemrograman C ingkang nambah kaprigelan kangge nemtokaken paralelisme level thread ing C lan ugi nemtokaken operasi khusus GPU (kados mindahaken data antawisipun CPU lan GPU). CUDA inggih menika lapisan piranti lunak ingkang maringi akses langsung dhateng kumpulan instruksi virtual GPU lan elemen komputasi paralel kangge nindakaken kernel komputasi. Kajawi driver lan kernel runtime, platform CUDA ugi ngemot compiler, modul, lan piranti pengembang kangge mbiyantu programmer ngoptimalaken aplikasi-aplikasipun.

CUDA dipunrancang kangge nyambut damel kaliyan basa pemrograman kados C, C++, Fortran lan Python. Aksesibilitas menika ndadosaken langkung gampil kangge ahli pemrograman paralel ngginakaken sumber daya GPU, beda kaliyan API saderengipun kados Direct3D lan OpenGL, ingkang mbetahaken kaprigelan lanjutan ing pemrograman grafis.[4] GPU ingkang dipunkuwaosi CUDA ugi nyengkuyung kerangka kerja pemrograman kados OpenMP, OpenACC lan OpenCL. Nalika sepisan dipunperkenalaken, namanipun inggih menika akronim kangge *Compute Unified Device Architecture*, nanging Nvidia salajengipun mboten ngginakaken akronim menika kanthi umum lan mboten malih ngginakaken.

## Sitiran
ꦗꦠꦶ (ꦏꦪꦸ)

thumb|250 px|ꦊꦩꦫꦶꦱꦏꦏꦪꦸꦗꦠꦶ
꧋**ꦏꦪꦸꦗꦠꦶ**ꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦏꦪꦸꦏꦁꦲꦱꦭ꧀ꦭꦺꦱꦏꦲꦸꦮꦶꦠ꧀ꦗꦠꦶ꧈ꦮꦸꦗꦸꦣ꧀ꦧꦲꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦏꦼꦉꦥ꧀ꦢꦶꦲꦁꦒꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦧꦔꦸꦤ꧀ꦲꦺꦴꦩꦃꦲꦸꦠꦮꦒꦮꦺꦥꦼꦫꦧꦺꦴꦠꦤ꧀ꦲꦺꦴꦩꦃꦏꦪꦢꦺꦤꦺꦊꦩꦫꦶ꧈ꦢꦶꦥꦤ꧀‌꧈ꦩꦺꦗꦭꦤ꧀ꦱꦥꦤꦸꦁꦒꦭ꧀ꦭꦤꦺ꧉ꦏꦪꦸꦗꦠꦶꦲꦶꦏꦸꦤ꧀ꦢꦸꦮꦺꦤꦶꦩꦸꦠꦸꦏꦁꦲꦥꦶꦏ꧀꧈ꦏꦪꦸꦏꦁꦒꦼꦝꦺ꧈ꦢꦮ꧈ꦭꦸꦫꦸꦱ꧀‌꧈ꦲꦸꦏꦸꦫꦤ꧀ꦤꦺꦧꦶꦱꦔꦤ꧀ꦠꦶ꧇꧓꧐꧇-꧇꧔꧐꧇ꦩ꧉

## ꦕꦛꦼꦠꦤ꧀ꦱꦸꦏꦸ
ꦢ꧀ꦭꦸꦮꦁ

thumb|ꦱꦊꦩ꧀ꦧꦂꦢꦼꦭꦸꦮꦁ
꧋**ꦢ꧀ꦭꦸꦮꦁ**ꦲꦸꦠꦮ**ꦏꦼꦂꦠꦱ꧀**(ꦧꦱꦏꦿꦩ:ꦢ꧀ꦭꦚ꧀ꦕꦁ)꧈ꦆꦏꦸꦧꦲꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦠꦶꦥꦶꦱ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦫꦠ꧈ꦏꦁꦢꦶꦲꦱꦶꦭꦏꦺꦔꦁꦒꦺꦴꦏꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦥꦿꦺꦱꦶꦱꦺꦫꦠ꧀ꦏꦁꦲꦱꦭꦺꦱꦏꦥꦸꦭ꧀ꦥ꧀꧉ꦱꦼꦫꦠ꧀ꦏꦁꦢꦶꦥꦶꦒꦸꦤꦏꦏꦺꦫꦕꦏꦺꦲꦭꦩꦶ꧈ꦭꦤ꧀ꦔꦤ꧀ꦝꦸꦠ꧀ꦱꦺꦭꦸꦭꦺꦴꦱꦭꦤ꧀ꦲꦼꦩꦶꦱꦺꦭꦸꦭꦺꦴꦱ꧉

꧋ꦢ꧀ꦭꦸꦮꦁꦢꦶꦏꦼꦤꦭ꧀ꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏꦩꦺꦢꦶꦪꦲꦸꦠꦩꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦤꦸꦭꦶꦱ꧀‌꧈ꦚꦶꦛꦏ꧀ꦱꦂꦠꦔ꧀ꦭꦸꦏꦶꦱ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦲꦏꦺꦃꦏꦒꦸꦤꦤ꧀ꦭꦶꦪꦤꦺꦲꦸꦩ꧀ꦥꦩꦤꦺꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦏꦼꦂꦠꦱ꧀ꦥꦔꦿꦺꦱꦶꦏ꧀(ꦠꦶꦱꦸ)꧉

꧋ꦲꦤꦤꦺꦢ꧀ꦭꦸꦮꦁꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏꦫꦺꦮ꦳ꦺꦴꦭꦸꦱꦶꦲꦚꦂꦱꦗꦼꦫꦺꦴꦤꦶꦁꦗꦒꦣ꧀ꦠꦸꦭꦶꦱ꧀ꦩꦼꦤꦸꦭꦶꦱ꧀ꦏꦁꦚꦸꦩ꧀ꦧꦔꦏꦺꦩꦏ꧀ꦤꦱꦗꦼꦫꦺꦴꦤꦶꦁꦥꦼꦫꦢꦧꦤ꧀ꦢꦺꦴꦚ꧉ꦱꦢꦸꦫꦸꦔꦺꦠꦶꦤꦼꦩꦸꦏꦼꦂꦠꦱ꧀‌꧈ꦧꦁꦱꦧꦁꦱꦗꦩꦤ꧀ꦧꦶꦪꦺꦤ꧀ꦩꦶꦒꦸꦤꦏꦏꦺꦠꦧ꧀ꦭꦺꦠ꧀ꦱꦏꦊꦩꦃꦊꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦁꦏꦁꦢꦶꦲꦺꦴꦧꦺꦴꦁ꧉ꦧꦧ꧀ꦲꦶꦏꦶꦧꦶꦱꦠꦶꦤꦼꦩꦸꦱꦏꦥꦼꦫꦢꦧꦤ꧀ꦧꦁꦱꦱꦸꦩꦺꦫꦶꦪ꧈ꦥꦿꦱꦱ꧀ꦠꦶꦱꦏꦮꦠꦸ꧈ꦏꦪꦸ꧈ꦥꦿꦶꦁ꧈ꦏꦸꦭꦶꦠ꧀ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦧꦭꦸꦁꦱꦠꦺꦴꦏꦺꦮꦤ꧀꧈ꦱꦸꦠꦿ꧈ꦩꦭꦃꦒꦺꦴꦝꦺꦴꦁꦭꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦂꦏꦁꦢꦶꦫꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦁꦏꦪꦲꦶꦁꦤꦱ꧀ꦏꦃꦤꦱ꧀ꦏꦃꦤꦸꦱꦤ꧀ꦠꦫꦱꦮꦠꦫꦲꦧꦣ꧀ꦏꦥꦸꦁꦏꦸꦂ꧉

## ꦱꦗꦫꦃ
꧋ꦥꦼꦫꦢꦧꦤ꧀ꦩꦼꦱꦶꦂꦏꦸꦤꦚꦸꦩ꧀ꦧꦔꦏꦺꦥꦥꦶꦫꦸꦱ꧀ꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏꦩꦺꦢꦶꦪꦠꦸꦭꦶꦱ꧀꧈ꦥꦥꦶꦫꦸꦱ꧀‌꧈ꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦩꦺꦢꦶꦪꦠꦸꦭꦶꦱ꧀ꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦤꦸꦭꦶꦱ꧀ꦱꦗꦼꦫꦺꦴꦤꦶꦁꦥꦼꦫꦢꦧꦤ꧀ꦩꦼꦱꦶꦂꦏꦸꦤꦲꦶꦁꦩꦁꦱꦮꦁꦱꦥ꦳ꦶꦂ'ꦎꦴꦤ꧀ꦱꦧꦚ꧀ꦗꦸꦫꦺꦚꦼꦧꦂꦩꦼꦚꦁꦱꦏꦧꦺꦲꦶꦁꦠ꧀ꦭꦠꦃꦮꦺꦠꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦔꦃꦔꦤ꧀ꦠꦶꦫꦺꦴꦩꦮꦶꦲꦶꦁꦱꦒꦫꦠꦺꦔꦃꦭꦤ꧀ꦚꦼꦧꦂꦩꦼꦚꦁꦌꦫꦺꦴꦥꦃ꧈ꦱꦤꦢꦾꦤ꧀ꦥꦁꦒꦸꦤꦲꦤ꧀ꦥꦥꦶꦫꦸꦱ꧀ꦲꦶꦱꦶꦃꦢꦶꦫꦱꦏꦏꦺꦭꦫꦁꦧꦔꦼꦠ꧀꧈ꦱꦏꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦁ*ꦥꦥꦶꦫꦸꦱ꧀*(*ꦥꦥ꧀ꦪꦿꦸꦱ꧀*)ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦢꦝꦶꦗꦼꦤꦼꦁ*ꦥꦥꦼꦂ*ꦱꦗꦼꦫꦺꦴꦤꦶꦁꦧꦱꦆꦁꦒꦿꦶꦱ꧀꧈*ꦥꦥꦶꦪꦺꦂ*ꦱꦗꦼꦫꦺꦴꦤꦶꦁꦧꦱꦮꦭꦤ꧀ꦝ꧈ꦧꦱꦗꦺꦂꦩꦤ꧀꧈ꦧꦱꦥꦿꦚ꧀ꦕꦶꦱ꧀ꦲꦸꦩ꧀ꦥꦩꦤꦺꦲꦸꦠꦮ*ꦥꦥꦼꦭ꧀*ꦱꦗꦼꦫꦺꦴꦤꦶꦁꦧꦱꦱ꧀ꦥꦚꦺꦴꦭ꧀ꦏꦁꦠꦼꦒꦼꦱꦺꦢ꧀ꦭꦸꦮꦁ꧉

## ꦲꦸꦒꦢꦼꦊꦁꦔꦼꦤ꧀ 
* ꦈꦏꦸꦫꦤ꧀ꦏꦼꦂꦠꦱ꧀
* ꦮꦯꦶ
ꦝꦼꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦭ꧀

꧋**ꦝꦼꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦭ꧀**ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦧꦲꦤ꧀ꦱꦺꦁꦢꦶꦲꦼꦁꦒꦺꦏꦁꦒꦺꦤꦸꦠꦸꦥꦶꦧꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴꦔꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦏꦪꦸꦭꦤ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦒꦩ꧀ꦏꦭꦺꦲꦤ꧀ꦔꦒꦼꦩ꧀ꦩꦺꦢꦶꦪꦕꦠ꧀ꦍꦂꦭꦤ꧀ꦏꦥꦸꦂ꧉

## ꦕꦛꦼꦠꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦏꦶꦭ꧀
ꦏꦻꦤ꧀

[240px|thumb|ꦢꦒꦁꦏꦻꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦁ[ꦏꦫꦖꦶ꧈ꦥꦏꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦤ꧀꧉]]

꧋**ꦏꦻꦤ꧀**ꦲꦸꦠꦮ**ꦠꦺꦏ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦠꦶꦭ꧀**ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦩꦠꦺꦫꦶꦪꦭ꧀ꦥ꦳꧀ꦭꦺꦏ꧀ꦱꦶꦧꦺꦭ꧀ꦱꦶꦁꦏꦒꦮꦺꦱꦏꦠꦺꦤꦸꦤꦤ꧀ꦧꦺꦤꦁ꧉ꦠꦺꦏ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦠꦶꦭ꧀ꦢꦶꦮꦔꦸꦤ꧀ꦏꦤ꧀ꦛꦶꦕꦫꦥꦼꦚꦸꦭꦩꦤ꧀꧈ꦥꦼꦚ꧀ꦗꦻꦠꦤ꧀꧈ꦥꦔꦶꦏꦼꦠꦤ꧀‌꧈ꦭꦤ꧀ꦕꦫꦢꦶꦕꦶꦛꦏ꧀꧈
ꦏꦲꦶꦤ꧀ꦩꦺꦴꦫꦶ

꧋**ꦏꦻꦤ꧀ꦩꦺꦴꦫꦶ**ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦏꦻꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤꦸꦤ꧀ꦲꦮꦼꦂꦤꦥꦸꦠꦶꦃꦱꦶꦁꦏꦒꦮꦺꦱꦏꦏꦥꦱ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦫꦕꦏꦺꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦧꦲꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦒꦮꦺꦏꦻꦤ꧀ꦧꦛꦶꦏ꧀꧉ꦲꦤꦫꦺꦴꦁꦗꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦏꦻꦤ꧀ꦩꦺꦴꦫꦶꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦏꦻꦤ꧀ꦩꦺꦴꦫꦶꦱꦶꦁꦮꦶꦱ꧀ꦔꦭꦩꦶꦥꦿꦺꦴꦱꦺꦱ꧀ꦥꦩꦸꦠꦶꦲꦤ꧀ꦲꦸꦠꦮ*ꦧ꧀ꦭꦺꦪꦕ꧀ꦲꦶꦁ*ꦭꦤ꧀ꦏꦻꦤ꧀ꦩꦺꦴꦫꦶꦱꦶꦁꦢꦸꦫꦸꦁꦢꦶꦥꦸꦠꦶꦲꦏꦺ꧉ꦏꦻꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦁꦢꦸꦫꦸꦁꦢꦶꦥꦸꦠꦶꦲꦏꦺꦢꦶꦲꦫꦤꦶꦲꦸꦒꦏꦻꦤ꧀ꦧ꧀ꦭꦕꦸ꧉ꦏꦻꦤ꧀ꦩꦺꦴꦫꦶꦠꦻꦴꦲꦸꦒꦥꦺꦴꦥꦸꦭꦺꦂꦧꦔꦼꦠ꧀ꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏꦧꦲꦤ꧀ꦱꦤ꧀ꦝꦔꦤ꧀ꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦤꦭꦶꦏꦲꦺꦫ꧇꧑꧙꧖꧐꧇꧇꧑꧙꧗꧐꧇ꦲꦤ꧀꧈ꦱꦭꦶꦪꦤꦺꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏꦧꦲꦤ꧀ꦏꦻꦤ꧀ꦧꦛꦶꦏ꧀꧈ꦧꦲꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦏꦶꦲꦸꦒꦢꦶꦥꦶꦒꦸꦤꦏꦏꦺꦲꦶꦁꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦫꦤꦺꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏꦏꦻꦤ꧀ꦱꦫꦶꦔꦤ꧀ꦠꦲꦸ꧈ꦏꦻꦤ꧀ꦏꦥ꦳ꦤ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦏꦻꦤ꧀ꦭꦪꦂ꧉
ꦕꦺꦠ꧀

[thumb|[ꦏꦭꦺꦁꦕꦺꦠ꧀ꦮꦂꦤꦆꦗꦺꦴ꧉]]

꧋**ꦕꦺꦠ꧀**ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦲꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦶꦭꦃꦲꦸꦩꦸꦩ꧀ꦱꦶꦁꦢꦶꦥꦶꦒꦸꦤꦏꦏꦺꦠꦸꦩꦿꦥ꧀ꦏꦸꦭꦮꦂꦒꦥꦿꦺꦴꦢꦸꦏ꧀ꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦔ꧀ꦭꦶꦤ꧀ꦢꦸꦔꦶꦭꦤ꧀ꦩꦺꦤꦺꦲꦶꦮꦂꦤꦩꦫꦁꦱꦶꦗꦶꦎꦧ꧀ꦗꦺꦏ꧀ꦏꦤ꧀ꦛꦶꦭꦥꦶꦱꦤ꧀ꦥꦶꦒ꧀ꦩꦺꦤ꧀꧉ꦕꦺꦠ꧀ꦧꦶꦱꦢꦶꦥꦶꦒꦸꦤꦏꦏꦺꦲꦶꦁꦱꦢꦺꦔꦃꦎꦧ꧀ꦗꦺꦏ꧀‌꧈ꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦫꦤꦺꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦔꦱꦶꦭꦏꦺꦏꦂꦪꦱꦼꦤꦶ(ꦢꦺꦤꦶꦁꦥꦼꦭꦸꦏꦶꦱ꧀)꧈ꦱꦭꦸꦠꦤ꧀ꦆꦤ꧀ꦢꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦶ(*ꦆꦤ꧀ꦢꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦶꦪꦭ꧀ꦕꦺꦴꦮꦠꦶꦁ*)꧈ꦥꦶꦠꦸꦭꦸꦁꦥꦼꦔꦼꦩꦸꦢꦶ(ꦩꦂꦏꦗꦭꦤ꧀)꧈ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦥꦼꦔꦮꦺꦠ꧀(ꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦚꦼꦒꦃꦏꦺꦴꦫꦺꦴꦱꦶꦲꦸꦠꦮꦏꦫꦸꦱꦏꦤ꧀ꦢꦺꦤꦶꦁꦧꦚꦸ)꧉

꧋ꦧꦲꦤ꧀ꦧꦏꦸꦕꦺꦠ꧀ꦏꦤ꧀ꦛꦶꦢꦸꦩꦢꦶꦱꦏ꧇꧔꧇ꦥꦺꦫꦔꦤ꧀‌꧈ꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸ

꧇꧑꧇꧉*ꦮ꦳ꦺꦲꦶꦕ꧀ꦭꦺ*;ꦏꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦤꦺꦤ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦏꦺꦴꦏ꧀ꦱꦗꦺꦫꦺꦴꦤꦶꦁꦕꦺꦠ꧀ꦱꦶꦁꦥ꦳ꦸꦁꦱꦶꦤꦺꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦔꦱꦶꦭꦏꦺꦲꦂꦣ꧀ꦤꦺꦱ꧀ꦱ꧀‌꧈ꦥ꦳꧀ꦭꦼꦏ꧀ꦱꦶꦧꦶꦭꦶꦠ꧀ꦪ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦥꦩ꧀ꦧꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦸꦏꦤ꧀ꦭꦥꦶꦱꦤ꧀꧈

꧇꧒꧇꧉*ꦱꦺꦴꦭ꧀ꦮ꦳ꦺꦤ꧀ꦠ꧀*;ꦥ꦳ꦸꦁꦱꦶꦤꦺꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴ*ꦔꦺꦚ꧀ꦕꦺꦫꦏꦺ*ꦕꦺꦠ꧀ꦱꦢꦸꦫꦸꦔꦺꦢꦶꦲꦁꦒꦺꦴ꧉

꧇꧓꧇꧉ꦥꦶꦒ꧀ꦩꦺꦤ꧀;ꦥ꦳ꦸꦁꦱꦶꦤꦺꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏꦥꦼꦮꦂꦤꦭꦤ꧀ꦚꦶꦥ꧀ꦠꦏꦏꦺꦢꦪꦠꦸꦠꦸꦥ꧀ꦕꦺꦠ꧀꧈

꧇꧔꧇꧉*ꦄꦣ꧀ꦢꦶꦠꦶꦮ꦳ꦺ*;ꦧꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦩ꧀ꦧꦲꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦤ꧀ꦢꦢꦺꦏꦏꦺꦕꦺꦠ꧀ꦒꦩ꧀ꦥꦁꦢꦶꦪꦲꦁꦒꦺꦴꦔꦼꦕꦺꦠ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦲꦱꦶꦭꦺꦏꦪꦱꦶꦁꦢꦶꦏꦉꦥꦏꦺ꧉

## ꦥꦿꦤꦭꦚ꧀ꦗꦧ
* 20 recipes for homemade paint
* Homemade Paint Recipes for Children 
* Comparing Commercial Paints FAQ
* History of Paint
ꦒꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦁ

꧋**ꦒꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦁ**ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦥꦩꦺꦫꦔꦤ꧀ꦮꦼꦮꦼꦁꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦲꦣ꧀ꦩꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦠꦶꦥ꦳꧀ꦆꦁꦥꦿꦺꦴꦮ꦳ꦶꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦤꦁꦒꦿꦺꦴꦮꦺꦄꦕꦺꦃꦢꦫꦸꦱ꧀ꦱꦭꦩ꧀(ꦤꦄꦢ)꧈ꦆꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦤꦺꦱꦶꦪ꧉ꦒꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦁꦢꦸꦩꦸꦤꦸꦁꦲꦶꦁꦱꦔꦶꦱꦺꦴꦫꦺꦩꦸꦏꦶꦩ꧀꧉

꧋ꦒꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦁꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏꦏꦱꦠꦸꦮꦤ꧀ꦩꦱꦫꦏꦠ꧀ꦲꦸꦏꦸꦩ꧀ꦱꦶꦁꦢꦸꦮꦺꦮꦠꦼꦱ꧀ꦮꦠꦼꦱ꧀ꦮꦼꦮꦼꦁꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦁꦢꦸꦮꦺꦮꦼꦮꦼꦤꦁꦔꦠꦸꦂꦭꦤ꧀ꦔꦸꦫꦸꦱ꧀ꦏꦥꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦶꦔꦤ꧀ꦩꦱꦫꦏꦠ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦥꦥꦤ꧀ꦩꦻꦴꦩꦶꦠꦸꦫꦸꦠ꧀ꦲꦱꦭ꧀ꦲꦸꦱꦸꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦲꦢꦠ꧀ꦲꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦶꦪꦢꦠ꧀ꦱꦶꦁꦢꦶꦲꦏꦺꦴꦤꦶꦭꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦏꦸꦂꦩꦠꦶꦱꦗꦼꦫꦺꦴꦤꦶꦁꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦩ꧀ꦥꦥꦿꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦲꦤ꧀ꦤꦒꦫꦏꦼꦱꦠꦸꦮꦤ꧀ꦫꦺꦥꦸꦧ꧀ꦭꦶꦏ꧀ꦆꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦤꦺꦱꦶꦪ꧉
ꦫꦪꦺꦴꦤ꧀

[thumb|ꦥꦤꦩ꧀ꦧꦲꦤ꧀[ꦄꦭ꧀ꦏꦭꦶꦭꦤ꧀ꦏꦂꦧꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦱꦸꦭ꧀ꦥ꦳ꦶꦢꦲꦶꦁꦱꦺꦭꦸꦭꦺꦴꦱꦔꦱꦶꦭꦏꦺꦮ꦳ꦶꦱ꧀ꦏꦺꦴꦱ]]
꧋**ꦫꦪꦺꦴꦤ꧀**ꦲꦸꦠꦮ**ꦏꦻꦤ꧀ꦫꦪꦺꦴꦤ꧀**ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦏꦻꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦁꦢꦶꦒꦮꦺꦱꦏꦱꦼꦫꦠ꧀ꦲꦱꦶꦭ꧀ꦫꦺꦒꦼꦤꦼꦫꦱꦶꦱꦺꦭꦸꦭꦺꦴꦱ꧉ꦱꦼꦫꦠ꧀ꦱꦶꦁꦢꦶꦢꦝꦺꦏꦏꦺꦧꦺꦴꦭꦃꦫꦪꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦲꦱꦭꦺꦱꦏꦥꦺꦴꦭꦶꦩꦺꦂꦎꦂꦒꦤꦶꦏ꧀‌꧈ꦱꦲꦺꦁꦒꦢꦶꦲꦫꦤꦶꦱꦼꦫꦠ꧀ꦱꦼꦩꦶꦱꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦲꦩꦂꦒꦲꦺꦴꦫꦧꦶꦱꦢꦶꦒꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴꦔꦏꦺꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏꦱꦼꦫꦠ꧀ꦱꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦠꦶꦱ꧀ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦱꦼꦫꦠ꧀ꦲꦭꦩꦶꦱꦶꦁꦱꦧꦼꦤꦼꦂꦫꦺ꧉ 

꧋ꦱꦗꦼꦫꦺꦴꦤꦶꦁꦆꦤ꧀ꦢꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦶꦠꦺꦏ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦠꦶꦭ꧀꧈ꦏꦻꦤ꧀ꦫꦪꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦠꦼꦥꦸꦔꦶꦩꦮꦗꦼꦤꦼꦁꦫꦪꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦮ꦳ꦶꦱ꧀ꦏꦺꦴꦱꦲꦸꦠꦮꦱꦸꦠꦿꦒꦮꦺꦪꦤ꧀꧈ꦏꦻꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦏꦶꦫꦕꦏꦺꦏꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦩꦼꦁꦏꦶꦭꦺꦁꦭꦤ꧀ꦲꦺꦴꦫꦒꦩ꧀ꦥꦁꦏꦸꦱꦸꦠ꧀꧈ꦱꦼꦫꦠ꧀ꦫꦪꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦝꦸꦮꦺꦈꦤ꧀ꦱꦸꦂꦏꦶꦩꦶꦪꦏꦂꦧꦺꦴꦤ꧀꧈ꦲꦶꦢꦿꦺꦴꦒꦺꦤ꧀꧈ꦭꦤ꧀ꦎꦏ꧀ꦱꦶꦒꦺꦤ꧀꧉

## ꦥꦁꦒꦸꦤꦲꦤ꧀
꧋ꦏꦻꦤ꧀ꦫꦪꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦒꦸꦤꦏꦏꦺꦏꦤ꧀ꦛꦶꦮꦶꦪꦂꦱꦗꦼꦫꦺꦴꦤꦶꦁꦆꦤ꧀ꦢꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦶꦒꦂꦩꦺꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦧꦲꦤ꧀ꦱꦤ꧀ꦝꦔꦤ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦥꦭꦺꦁꦏꦥꦤ꧀ꦧꦸꦱꦤ꧈ꦏꦪꦠꦢꦱ꧀ꦠꦼꦂ꧈ꦗꦏꦺꦠ꧀꧈ꦗꦱ꧀꧈ꦱꦤ꧀ꦝꦔꦤ꧀ꦚ꧀ꦗꦺꦫꦺꦴ꧈ꦱꦾꦭ꧀꧈ꦠꦺꦴꦥꦶ꧈ꦢꦱꦶ꧈ꦏꦲꦺꦴꦱ꧀ꦱꦶꦏꦶꦭ꧀꧈ꦭꦤ꧀ꦏꦻꦤ꧀ꦥꦭꦥꦶꦱ꧀ꦱꦺꦥꦠꦸ꧉ꦏꦻꦤ꧀ꦗꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦲꦶꦏꦶꦲꦸꦒꦢꦶꦲꦁꦒꦺꦴꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏꦏꦻꦤ꧀ꦲꦭꦱ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦥꦭꦺꦁꦏꦥ꧀ꦥꦿꦧꦺꦴꦠ꧀*ꦫꦸꦩꦃꦠꦁꦒ*(ꦱꦺꦥꦿꦻ꧈ꦱ꧀ꦭꦶꦩꦸꦠ꧀꧈ꦏꦺꦴꦂꦢꦺꦤ꧀)ꦭꦤ꧀ꦥꦶꦫꦤ꧀ꦠꦶꦥꦶꦫꦤ꧀ꦠꦶꦏꦧꦸꦠꦸꦲꦤ꧀ꦆꦤ꧀ꦢꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦶ(ꦏꦻꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦥꦿꦧꦺꦴꦠ꧀ꦲꦺꦴꦩꦃꦱꦏꦶꦠ꧀‌꧈ꦧꦺꦴꦭꦃꦧꦤ꧀)꧈ꦱꦂꦠꦧꦫꦁꦏꦱꦺꦲꦠꦤ꧀ꦥꦿꦶꦧꦢꦶ(ꦥꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦭꦸꦠ꧀ꦮꦤꦶꦠꦭꦤ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦥꦺꦴꦏ꧀)꧉ꦲꦶꦁꦆꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦤꦺꦱꦶꦪ꧈ꦏꦻꦤ꧀ꦫꦪꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦮꦸꦗꦸꦣ꧀ꦧꦲꦤ꧀ꦧꦏꦸꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦆꦤ꧀ꦢꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦶꦏꦻꦤ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦏ꧀ꦭꦩ꧀ꦧꦶꦧꦛꦶꦏ꧀꧉

## ꦠꦺꦏ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦠꦸꦂ 

Gambar:Rayon_closeup_1.jpg|ꦕꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦏꦻꦤ꧀ꦫꦪꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦱꦏꦱꦮꦶꦗꦶꦤꦶꦁꦫꦺꦴꦏ꧀꧈
Gambar:Rayon_closeup_2.jpg|ꦫꦺꦴꦏ꧀ꦭꦶꦪꦩꦮꦠꦺꦏ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦠꦸꦂꦧꦺꦣ꧉
Gambar:Rayon_closeup_3.jpg|ꦧ꧀ꦭꦸꦱ꧀ꦩꦮꦠꦺꦏ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦠꦸꦂꦱꦫꦸꦥꦏꦫꦺꦴꦒꦩ꧀ꦧꦂꦤꦺꦴꦩꦺꦂꦭꦺꦴꦫꦺꦴ꧉

## ꦫꦺꦥ꦳ꦺꦫꦺꦤ꧀ꦱꦶ 
## ꦥꦿꦤꦭꦤ꧀ꦗꦧ 
* Tèkstil & prodhuk tèkstil  (situs web Asosiasi Patèkstilan Indonésia)
ꦏꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦁ (ꦥꦥꦸꦮ)

:

꧋**ꦏꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦁ**ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦥꦩꦺꦫꦔꦤ꧀ꦮꦼꦮꦼꦁꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦲꦢ꧀ꦩꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦠꦶꦥ꦳꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦥꦿꦺꦴꦮ꦳ꦶꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦥꦥꦸꦮ꧈ꦆꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦤꦺꦱꦶꦪꦲꦶꦁꦱꦔꦶꦱꦺꦴꦂꦫꦺꦝꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦶꦏ꧀꧉ꦲꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦶꦭꦃ"ꦏꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦁ"ꦔ꧀ꦒꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦏꦏꦺ"ꦢꦺꦱ"꧈ꦱꦶꦁꦱꦢꦸꦫꦸꦁꦔꦺꦢꦒꦸꦤꦏꦏꦺꦲꦶꦁꦥꦥꦸꦮ꧈ꦏꦪꦢꦺꦤꦺꦲꦶꦁꦥꦿꦺꦴꦮ꦳ꦶꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦥꦿꦺꦴꦮ꦳ꦶꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦭꦶꦪꦲꦶꦁꦆꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦤꦺꦱꦶꦪ꧉ꦥꦤꦺꦠꦺꦥꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦏꦶꦱꦫꦸꦗꦸꦏ꧀ꦏꦫꦺꦴꦲꦸꦤ꧀ꦢꦁꦲꦸꦤ꧀ꦢꦁꦤꦺꦴꦩꦼꦂ꧇꧒꧑꧇ꦠꦲꦸꦤ꧀꧇꧒꧐꧐꧑꧇ꦧꦧ꧀ꦲꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴꦤꦺꦴꦩꦶꦏ꦳ꦸꦱꦸꦱ꧀ꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦥꦿꦺꦴꦮ꦳ꦶꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦥꦥꦸꦮ꧉

꧋ꦏꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦁꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏꦏꦱꦠꦸꦮꦤ꧀ꦩꦱꦫꦏꦠ꧀ꦲꦸꦏꦸꦩ꧀ꦱꦶꦁꦢꦸꦮꦺꦮꦠꦼꦱ꧀ꦮꦠꦼꦱ꧀ꦮꦼꦮꦼꦁꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦁꦢꦸꦮꦺꦮꦼꦮꦼꦤꦁꦔꦠꦸꦂꦭꦤ꧀ꦔꦸꦫꦸꦱ꧀ꦏꦥꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦶꦔꦤ꧀ꦩꦱꦫꦏꦠ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦥꦥꦤ꧀ꦩꦲꦸ꧈ꦩꦶꦠꦸꦫꦸꦠ꧀ꦲꦱꦭ꧀ꦲꦸꦱꦸꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦲꦢꦠ꧀ꦲꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦶꦲꦢꦠ꧀ꦱꦶꦁꦢꦶꦲꦏꦺꦴꦤꦶꦭꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦏꦸꦂꦩꦠꦶꦱꦗꦼꦫꦺꦴꦤꦶꦁꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦩ꧀ꦥꦥꦿꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦲꦤ꧀ꦤꦒꦫꦏꦼꦱꦠꦸꦮꦤ꧀ꦫꦺꦥꦸꦧ꧀ꦭꦶꦏ꧀ꦲꦶꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦤꦺꦱꦶꦪ꧉

꧋ꦏꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦁꦢꦸꦢꦸꦧꦮꦲꦤ꧀ꦏꦕꦩꦠꦤ꧀‌꧈ꦲꦩꦂꦒꦏꦕꦩꦠꦤ꧀ꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏꦥꦺꦫꦔꦤꦶꦁꦥꦼꦫꦁꦏꦠ꧀ꦭꦭꦢꦤ꧀ꦏꦧꦸꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀/ꦏꦸꦛ꧈ꦭꦤ꧀ꦏꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦁꦢꦸꦢꦸꦥꦺꦫꦔꦤꦶꦁꦥꦼꦫꦁꦏꦠ꧀ꦭꦭꦢꦤ꧀꧈
ꦢꦿꦸꦩ꧀ꦧ꧀ꦭꦺꦏ꧀

jmpl|280x280px|ꦢꦿꦸꦩ꧀ꦧ꧀ꦭꦺꦏ꧀ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦢꦿꦸꦩ꧀ꦧꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦝꦶꦱꦶꦪꦺꦴꦤꦭ꧀ꦱꦏꦏꦸꦛꦱꦭꦠꦶꦒꦏꦁꦢꦶꦮꦶꦮꦶꦠꦶꦢꦺꦤꦶꦁꦢꦶꦢꦶꦏ꧀ꦱꦸꦧꦶꦪꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦫꦺꦴꦩꦱꦿꦸꦫꦶ()꧉
꧋**ꦢꦿꦸꦩ꧀ꦧ꧀ꦭꦺꦏ꧀**ꦧꦱꦆꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦤꦺꦱꦶꦪ:*ꦢꦿꦸꦩ꧀ꦧ꧀ꦭꦺꦏ꧀*)ꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦢꦿꦩ꧀ꦧꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦝꦶꦱꦶꦪꦺꦴꦤꦭ꧀ꦏꦁꦲꦱꦭꦺꦱꦏꦏꦸꦛꦱꦭꦠꦶꦒ꧉ꦏꦒꦸꦤꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦏꦶꦢꦶꦮꦶꦮꦶꦠꦶꦢꦺꦤꦶꦁꦢꦶꦢꦶꦏ꧀ꦱꦸꦧꦶꦪꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦫꦺꦴꦩꦱꦿꦸꦫꦶꦲꦩꦂꦒꦮꦿꦒꦣ꧀ꦏꦁꦩꦺꦥꦺꦠ꧀ꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦠꦸꦏꦸꦥꦶꦫꦤ꧀ꦠꦶꦢꦿꦸꦩ꧀ꦧꦺꦤ꧀ꦤꦭꦶꦏꦢꦺꦱꦥꦚ꧀ꦕꦸꦫꦤ꧀‌꧈ꦏꦭꦸꦫꦲꦤ꧀ꦏꦸꦛꦮꦶꦤꦔꦸꦤ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦂ꧈ꦏꦕꦩꦠꦤ꧀ꦠꦶꦁꦏꦶꦂ꧈ꦏꦸꦛꦱꦭꦠꦶꦒꦲꦉꦥ꧀ꦩꦺꦭꦸꦔꦿꦩꦺꦏꦏꦺꦥ꦳ꦺꦱ꧀ꦠꦶꦮ꦳ꦭ꧀ꦲꦩ꧀ꦧꦭ꧀ꦮꦂꦱꦏꦥꦶꦁ꧇꧔꧑꧇ꦫꦺꦥꦸꦧ꧀ꦭꦶꦏ꧀ꦆꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦤꦺꦱꦶꦪꦲꦶꦁꦠꦲꦸꦤ꧀꧇꧑꧙꧘꧖꧇꧉ꦱꦲꦺꦴꦫꦲꦺꦴꦫꦤꦺꦔꦤ꧀ꦠꦶꦠꦲꦸꦤ꧀꧇꧒꧐꧒꧐꧇꧈ꦢꦿꦸꦩ꧀ꦧ꧀ꦭꦺꦏ꧀ꦏꦼꦉꦥ꧀ꦢꦶꦮꦺꦠꦺꦴꦏꦏꦺꦆꦁꦥ꦳ꦺꦱ꧀ꦠꦶꦮ꦳ꦭ꧀ꦏꦒꦸꦤꦤ꧀ꦏꦸꦛꦱꦭꦠꦶꦒ꧉
ꦆꦫꦶꦪꦤ꧀

꧋**ꦆꦫꦶꦪꦤ꧀**ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦥꦸꦭꦺꦴꦒꦼꦝꦺꦢꦺꦮꦺꦤꦺꦴꦩꦺꦭꦺꦴꦫꦺꦴꦲꦶꦁꦢꦺꦴꦚꦱꦶꦁꦥꦥꦤꦺꦲꦶꦁꦱꦶꦱꦶꦃꦭꦺꦴꦂꦎꦴꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦭꦶꦪ꧉

꧋ꦥꦸꦭꦺꦴꦲꦶꦏꦶꦢꦶꦧꦒꦶꦢꦝꦶꦫꦺꦴꦁꦮꦼꦮꦼꦁꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦁꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦥꦺꦫꦔꦤ꧀ꦏꦸꦭꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦁꦏꦫꦤ꧀ꦥꦥꦸꦮꦢꦶꦏꦸꦮꦱꦤꦶꦢꦺꦤꦶꦁꦆꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦤꦺꦱꦶꦪꦭꦤ꧀ꦥꦺꦫꦔꦤ꧀ꦮꦺꦠꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦮꦸꦗꦸꦣ꧀ꦤꦒꦫꦥꦥꦸꦮꦤꦸꦒꦶꦤꦶ꧉

꧋ꦆꦱ꧀ꦠꦶꦭꦃ**ꦥꦥꦸꦮ**ꦲꦸꦒꦢꦶꦒꦸꦤꦏꦏꦺꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦔꦿꦸꦗꦸꦏ꧀ꦥꦸꦭꦺꦴꦲꦶꦏꦶꦏꦤ꧀ꦛꦶꦏꦱꦺꦭꦸꦫꦸꦲꦤ꧀꧈ꦤꦸꦒꦶꦤꦶꦲꦶꦏꦸꦆꦱ꧀ꦠꦶꦭꦃ*ꦤꦼꦮ꧀ꦒꦸꦮꦶꦤꦺꦪ*꧈ꦗꦼꦤꦼꦁꦱꦶꦁꦢꦶꦮꦺꦤꦺꦃꦲꦶꦢꦺꦤꦶꦁꦮꦺꦴꦁꦏꦸꦭꦺꦴꦤ꧀‌꧈ꦱꦶꦁꦢꦶꦆꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦤꦺꦱꦶꦪꦏꦺ꧉ꦮꦺꦴꦁꦮꦺꦴꦁꦧꦫꦠ꧀ꦩ꧀ꦧꦶꦪꦺꦤ꧀ꦝꦸꦮꦺꦥꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦥꦠ꧀ꦪꦺꦤ꧀ꦠ꧀ꦭꦠꦃꦥꦥꦸꦮꦩꦺꦩ꧀ꦥꦼꦂ*ꦒꦸꦮꦶꦤꦺꦪ*꧈ꦱꦮꦶꦗꦶꦤꦶꦁꦮꦼꦮꦼꦁꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦄꦥ꦳ꦿꦶꦏ꧉ꦢꦝꦶꦮꦺꦴꦁꦮꦺꦴꦁꦩꦻꦴꦚꦼꦧꦸꦠ꧀ꦒꦸꦮꦶꦤꦺꦪꦲꦚꦂ꧉

꧋ꦲꦶꦁꦥꦸꦭꦺꦴꦲꦶꦏꦶꦲꦤꦒꦸꦤꦸꦁꦥꦭꦶꦁꦢꦸꦮꦸꦂꦲꦶꦁꦆꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦤꦺꦱꦶꦪ꧈ꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦥꦸꦚ꧀ꦕꦏ꧀ꦗꦪ(꧇꧕꧇꧉꧇꧐꧓꧐꧇ꦩ)꧉

## ꦥꦩ꧀ꦧꦒꦺꦪꦤ꧀ꦮꦶꦭꦪꦃ
*  ꦆꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦤꦺꦱꦶꦪ
**  ꦥꦥꦸꦮꦏꦸꦭꦺꦴꦤ꧀
**  ꦥꦥꦸꦮꦏꦸꦭꦺꦴꦤ꧀-ꦏꦶꦢꦸꦭ꧀
**  ꦥꦥꦸꦮꦠꦼꦔꦃ
**  ꦥꦥꦸꦮꦥꦼꦒꦸꦤꦸꦔꦤ꧀
**  ꦥꦥꦸꦮꦏꦶꦢꦸꦭ꧀ 
**  ꦥꦥꦸꦮ
*  ꦥꦥꦸꦮꦤꦸꦒꦶꦤꦶ
**  ꦥꦿꦺꦴꦮ꦳ꦶꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦠꦼꦔꦃ
**  ꦱꦶꦩ꧀ꦧꦸ
**  ꦢꦠꦫꦤ꧀ꦢꦸꦮꦸꦂꦮꦺꦠꦤ꧀
**  ꦱꦼꦥꦶꦏ꧀ꦮꦺꦠꦤ꧀
**  ꦌꦔ
**  ꦠꦼꦭꦸꦏ꧀
**  ꦩꦢꦁ
**  ꦠꦼꦭꦸꦏ꧀ꦩꦶꦭ꧀ꦤꦺ
**  ꦩꦺꦴꦫꦺꦴꦧꦺ
**  ꦎꦫꦺꦴ (ꦭꦺꦴꦂ)
**  ꦢꦠꦫꦤ꧀ꦢꦸꦮꦸꦂꦏꦶꦢꦸꦭ꧀
**  ꦏꦸꦭꦺꦴꦤ꧀ (ꦥ꦳꧀ꦭꦻ)
**  ꦢꦠꦫꦤ꧀ꦢꦸꦮꦸꦂꦏꦸꦭꦺꦴꦤ꧀
**  ꦱꦼꦥꦶꦏ꧀ꦏꦸꦭꦺꦴꦤ꧀ (ꦱꦤ꧀ꦢꦻꦴꦤ꧀)
**  ꦢꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦶꦏ꧀ꦏꦸꦛꦏꦿꦗꦤ꧀ꦤꦱꦶꦪꦺꦴꦤꦭ꧀
**  ꦲꦺꦭ
**  ꦗꦶꦮꦏ
ꦢꦭꦤ꧀

thumb|ꦢꦭꦤ꧀
[thumb|[ꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦥꦤ꧀ꦠꦸꦫꦲꦶꦁꦗꦮꦠꦼꦔꦃ]]
꧋**ꦢꦭꦤ꧀**ꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦥꦿꦱꦫꦤꦠꦿꦤ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦂꦠꦱꦶꦢꦫꦠ꧀ꦏꦁꦔꦼꦭꦶꦥꦸꦠꦶꦏꦧꦺꦃꦥꦺꦫꦔꦤ꧀ꦢꦭꦤ꧀‌ꦱꦲꦪꦱꦤ꧀ꦥꦼꦚ꧀ꦗꦁꦏꦺꦥ꧀ꦱꦏ꧀ꦏꦧꦺꦲꦤꦺꦏꦁꦲꦤꦭꦤ꧀ꦚ꧀ꦗꦸꦫꦸꦁꦲꦶꦁꦱꦫꦤꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦭꦭꦸꦭꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦱ꧀꧈ꦏꦁꦢꦸꦩꦸꦤꦸꦁꦲꦤꦲꦶꦁꦤ꧀ꦢꦸꦮꦸꦫꦺꦊꦩꦃ꧈ꦲꦶꦁꦤ꧀ꦢꦸꦮꦸꦂꦥꦂꦩꦸꦏꦲꦤ꧀ꦊꦩꦃꦍꦂꦭꦤ꧀ꦏꦼꦗꦧꦲꦶꦁꦧꦚꦸ꧈ꦫꦺꦭ꧀ꦱꦼꦴꦥꦸꦂꦭꦤ꧀ꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦏꦧꦼꦭ꧀꧈꧈

## ꦗꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦢꦭꦤ꧀
*ꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦲꦸꦩꦸꦩ꧀ꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦭꦭꦸꦭꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦱ꧀ꦲꦸꦩꦸꦩ꧀
*ꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦩꦶꦫꦸꦁꦒꦤ꧀ꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦢꦶꦧꦔꦸꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦱꦭꦃꦱꦶꦗꦶꦤꦺꦥꦶꦲꦏ꧀(ꦥꦼꦫꦸꦱꦲꦄꦤ꧀‌꧈ꦧꦢꦤ꧀ꦲꦸꦱꦲ)ꦭꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦩꦸꦩ꧀ꦥꦔꦠꦏꦺꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦏꦥꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦶꦔꦤ꧀ꦢꦺꦮꦺ
*ꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦭ꧀ꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦲꦸꦩꦸꦩ꧀ꦏꦁꦮꦸꦗꦸꦣ꧀ꦥꦺꦫꦔꦤ꧀ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦩ꧀ꦗꦼꦗꦫꦶꦔꦤ꧀ꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦲꦁꦒꦺꦴꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦤꦱꦶꦪꦺꦴꦤꦭ꧀ꦏꦁꦩꦶꦒꦸꦤꦏꦏꦺꦏꦸꦢꦸꦩ꧀ꦧꦪꦂꦠꦺꦴꦭ꧀꧈
*ꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦲꦂꦠꦺꦫꦶ
*ꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦏꦺꦴꦭꦺꦏ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦂ
*ꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦏꦭ꧀ꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦲꦸꦩꦸꦩ꧀ꦏꦁꦢꦶꦒꦸꦤꦏꦏꦺꦔ꧀ꦭꦪꦤꦶꦄꦁꦏꦸꦢꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦩꦁꦏꦺꦴꦤꦺꦴꦏꦁꦕꦶꦫꦶꦤꦺꦗꦫꦏ꧀ꦕꦼꦢꦏ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦏꦼꦕꦼꦥꦠꦤꦺꦲꦭꦺꦴꦤ꧀꧈
*ꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦭꦶꦁꦏꦸꦔꦤ꧀
*ꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦲꦸꦩꦸꦩ꧀ꦩꦼꦤꦸꦫꦸꦠ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦠꦠꦸꦱ꧀
*ꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦤꦱꦶꦪꦺꦴꦤꦭ꧀ꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦲꦂꦠꦺꦫꦶꦭꦤ꧀ꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦏꦺꦴꦭꦺꦏ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦂꦲꦶꦁꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦩ꧀ꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦥꦿꦶꦩꦺꦂꦏꦁꦲꦸꦧꦸꦁꦏꦺꦏꦸꦛꦏꦿꦗꦤ꧀ꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦂꦥꦿꦺꦴꦮ꦳ꦶꦤ꧀ꦱꦶ꧈ꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦠꦺꦒꦶꦱ꧀ꦤꦱꦶꦪꦺꦴꦤꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦭ꧀꧈
*ꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦥꦿꦺꦴꦮ꦳ꦶꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦏꦺꦴꦭꦺꦏ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦂꦲꦶꦁꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦩ꧀ꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦥꦿꦶꦩꦺꦂꦏꦁꦲꦸꦧꦸꦁꦏꦺꦏꦸꦛꦏꦿꦗꦤ꧀ꦥꦿꦺꦴꦮ꦳ꦶꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦏꦫꦺꦴꦏꦸꦛꦏꦿꦗꦤ꧀ꦏꦧꦸꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀/ꦏꦸꦛ꧈ꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦂꦏꦸꦛꦏꦿꦗꦤ꧀ꦏꦧꦸꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀/ꦏꦸꦛ꧈ꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦠꦺꦒꦶꦱ꧀ꦥꦿꦺꦴꦮ꦳ꦶꦤ꧀ꦱꦶ꧉
*ꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦏꦧꦸꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦏꦺꦴꦭꦺꦏ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦂꦲꦶꦁꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦩ꧀ꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦥꦿꦶꦩꦺꦂꦏꦁꦲꦸꦧꦸꦁꦏꦺꦏꦸꦛꦏꦿꦗꦤ꧀ꦏꦧꦸꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀/ꦏꦸꦛꦏꦫꦺꦴꦏꦸꦛꦏꦿꦗꦤ꧀ꦏꦕꦩꦠꦤ꧀‌꧈ꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦂꦏꦸꦛꦏꦿꦗꦤ꧀ꦏꦕꦩꦠꦤ꧀‌꧈ꦏꦸꦛꦏꦿꦗꦤ꧀ꦏꦧꦸꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀/ꦏꦸꦛꦏꦫꦺꦴꦥꦸꦱꦠ꧀ꦏꦒꦶꦪꦠꦤ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦏꦭ꧀‌꧈ꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦂꦥꦸꦱꦠ꧀ꦏꦒꦶꦪꦠꦤ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦏꦭ꧀꧈
*ꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦏꦸꦛꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦏꦺꦴꦭꦺꦏ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦂꦲꦶꦁꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦩ꧀ꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦥꦿꦶꦩꦺꦂꦏꦁꦲꦸꦧꦸꦁꦏꦺ
*ꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦢꦺꦱꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦏꦺꦴꦭꦺꦏ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦂꦲꦶꦁꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦥꦿꦶꦩꦺꦂꦏꦁꦲꦸꦧꦸꦁꦏꦺꦢꦺꦱ

## ꦢꦼꦊꦁꦲꦸꦒ
*ꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦭ꧀
ꦮꦼꦮꦔꦸꦤꦤ꧀

jmpl|ꦮꦼꦮꦔꦸꦤꦤ꧀
꧋**ꦮꦼꦮꦔꦸꦤꦤ꧀**ꦲꦸꦠꦮ**ꦪꦱꦤ꧀**ꦭꦸꦩꦿꦲꦺꦮꦸꦗꦸꦢ꧀ꦲꦺꦴꦩꦃ꧈ꦒꦼꦢꦺꦴꦁꦲꦸꦠꦮꦱꦫꦤ꧈ꦥꦿꦱꦫꦤꦲꦸꦠꦮꦆꦤ꧀ꦥ꦳ꦿꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦸꦏ꧀ꦠꦸꦂꦱꦗꦼꦫꦺꦴꦤꦶꦁꦏꦧꦸꦢꦪꦤ꧀ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦏꦲꦸꦫꦶꦥꦤ꧀ꦩꦤꦸꦁꦱꦏꦪꦢꦺꦤꦺꦏꦽꦠꦼꦒ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦸꦏ꧀ꦱꦶꦱꦂꦠꦫꦚ꧀ꦕꦔꦤꦺ꧈ꦢꦭꦤ꧀‌꧈ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦱꦫꦤꦠꦺꦭꦺꦏꦺꦴꦩꦸꦤꦶꦏꦱꦶ꧉

## ꦧꦲꦤ꧀ꦧꦲꦤ꧀ꦪꦱꦤ꧀
꧋ꦭꦸꦩꦿꦲꦺꦧꦲꦤ꧀ꦪꦱꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦁꦢꦶꦥꦶꦒꦸꦤꦏꦏꦺꦩꦤꦸꦁꦱꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦫꦤꦺ:ꦮꦠꦸ꧈ꦥꦱꦶꦂ꧈ꦏꦪꦸ꧈ꦧꦠ꧈ꦱꦼꦩꦺꦤ꧀꧈ꦄꦱ꧀ꦧꦺꦱ꧀꧈ꦮꦼꦱꦶ꧈ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦮꦗ꧉

## ꦲꦸꦒꦢꦼꦊꦁꦔꦼꦤ꧀
*ꦄꦂꦱꦶꦠꦺꦏ꧀ꦠꦸꦂ
*ꦕꦤ꧀ꦝꦶ
*ꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦸꦏ꧀ꦱꦶ
*ꦠꦺꦏ꧀ꦤꦶꦏ꧀ꦱꦶꦥꦶꦭ꧀
Apoptosis

**Apoptosis** inggih menika satunggaling wujud pejahipun sel programatik ingkang wonten ing makhluk gesang multisel saha saperangan mikroorganisme eukariotik sel tunggal kados ragi. Kedadosan biokimia nuwuhaken ewah-ewahan sel (morfologi) saha pejahipun. Ewah-ewahan menika antawisipun *blebbing*, sel dados alit, fragmentasi inti sel, kondensasi kromatin, fragmentasi DNA, saha pedhoting (*decay*) mRNA. Tiyang diwasa limrah kécalan 50 dumugi 70 milyar sel saben dintenipun amargi apoptosis. Kangge lare alit antawisipun yuswa 8 dumugi 14 taun, saben dintenipun kinten-kinten kécalan 20 dumugi 30 milyar sel.

Beda kaliyan nekrosis, ingkang awujud pejahipun sel amargi trauma akibat kerusakan sel akut, apoptosis menika proses ingkang dipunatur saha dipunkontrol (programatik) kanthi saé ingkang maringi kauntungan salebeting daur gesangipun organisme. Tuladhanipun, pisahipun driji asta saha suku wonten ing janin manungsa ingkang taksih ngrembaka kedadosan amargi sel-sel antawisipun driji ngalami apoptosis. Benten kados nekrosis, apoptosis ngasilaken pecahan sel ingkang dipunwastani badan apoptotik ingkang saged dipunlebetaken saha dipunbucal déning sel fagosit saderengipun wosing sel menika wutah wonten ing sel-sel sakiwa tengenipun saha nyebabaken kerusakan.

Amargi apoptosis boten saged dipunkendelaken menawi sampun wiwit, proses menika dipunatur kanthi ketat. Apoptosis saged dipunwiwiti lumantar salah satunggaling saking kalih jalur. Wonten ing jalur intrinsik, sel mejahi awake dhewe amargi ngraosaken wontenipun tekanan sel, déné wonten ing jalur ekstrinsik, sel mejahi awake dhewe amargi sinyal saking sel sanès. Sinyal eksternal ingkang lemah ugi saged ngaktifaken jalur intrinsik apoptosis. Kekalih jalur menika sami-sami nyebabaken pejahipun sel kanthi ngaktifaken caspase, inggih menika protease utawi enzim ingkang ngrusak protein. Kekalih jalur menika sami-sami ngaktifaken caspase inisiator, ingkang salajengipun ngaktifaken caspase eksekutor, ingkang salajengipun mejahi sel kanthi ngrisak protein kanthi boten pilih-pilih.

Kejawi wigatos minangka fenomena biologis, proses apoptosis ingkang kirang sampurna sampun dipunpitados dados sebab saking manéka warni penyakit. Apoptosis ingkang kebangeten nyebabaken atrofi, déné apoptosis ingkang kirang nyebabaken proliferasi sel ingkang boten saged dipunkontrol, kados déné kanker. Saperangan faktor kados reseptor Fas saha caspase ndhukung apoptosis, wondéné saperangan anggota kulawarga protein Bcl-2 ngambat apoptosis.

## Sitiran
ꦱꦸꦠꦿ

thumb|150px|left|꧋ꦥꦠꦁꦗꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦔꦼꦔꦠ꧀ꦱꦸꦠꦿꦠꦼꦂꦤꦏꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦮꦶꦒꦠꦶ꧉
[thumb|right|200px|꧋ꦮꦺꦴꦁꦧꦏꦸꦭ꧀ꦏꦻꦤ꧀ꦱꦸꦠꦿꦲꦶꦁ[ꦏ꦳ꦺꦴꦠꦤ꧀꧉]]
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꧋**ꦱꦸꦠꦿ**ꦮꦸꦗꦸꦢ꧀ꦱꦼꦫꦠ꧀ꦥꦿꦺꦴꦠꦺꦆꦤ꧀ꦲꦭꦩꦶꦏꦁꦧꦶꦱꦢꦶꦠꦼꦤꦸꦤ꧀ꦢꦝꦶꦠꦺꦏ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦠꦶꦭ꧀꧉ꦗꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦱꦸꦠꦿꦏꦁꦥꦭꦶꦁꦲꦸꦩꦸꦩ꧀ꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦱꦸꦠꦿꦱꦏꦏꦺꦥꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦁꦏꦁꦢꦶꦲꦱꦶꦭꦏꦺꦭꦂꦮ꦳ꦈꦊꦂꦱꦸꦠꦿꦩꦸꦂꦧꦺꦪꦶ(*ꦧꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦧꦶꦏ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦩꦺꦴꦫꦶ*)ꦏꦁꦢꦶꦠꦼꦂꦤꦏ꧀(ꦥꦠꦼꦂꦤꦏꦤ꧀ꦲꦸꦊꦂꦲꦶꦏꦸꦢꦶꦲꦫꦤꦶꦱꦼꦫꦶꦏꦸꦭ꧀ꦠꦸꦂ)꧉ꦱꦸꦠꦿꦢꦸꦮꦺꦠꦺꦏ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦠꦸꦂꦩꦸꦭꦸꦱ꧀‌꧈ꦊꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦠ꧀‌꧈ꦤꦔꦶꦁꦠꦶꦢꦏ꧀ꦭꦶꦕꦶꦤ꧀꧈ꦫꦸꦥꦩꦼꦭꦶꦁꦩꦼꦭꦶꦁꦏꦁꦢꦝꦶꦢꦪꦠꦫꦶꦏ꧀ꦱꦸꦠꦿꦲꦱꦭꦺꦱꦏꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦸꦏ꧀ꦠꦸꦂꦏꦪꦥꦿꦶꦱ꧀ꦩꦱꦼꦒꦶꦠꦶꦒꦱꦗꦼꦫꦺꦴꦤꦶꦁꦱꦼꦫꦠ꧀ꦩꦻꦴꦏꦁꦒꦮꦺꦏꦻꦤ꧀ꦱꦸꦠꦿꦧꦶꦱꦩ꧀ꦧꦶꦪꦱꦏꦺꦕꦲꦾꦱꦏꦩꦤꦺꦏꦥꦺꦴꦗꦺꦴꦏ꧀꧉

꧋"ꦱꦸꦠꦿꦲꦭꦱꦤ꧀"ꦢꦶꦲꦱꦶꦭꦏꦺꦢꦺꦤꦶꦁꦈꦊꦂꦱꦭꦶꦪꦤꦺꦲꦸꦊꦂꦱꦸꦠꦿꦩꦸꦂꦧꦺꦪꦶꦭꦤ꧀ꦧꦶꦱꦲꦸꦒꦢꦶꦲꦺꦴꦭꦃ꧉ꦩꦤꦺꦏꦱꦸꦠꦿꦲꦭꦱꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦠꦼꦥꦸꦔꦶꦭꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦒꦸꦤꦏꦏꦺꦲꦶꦁꦕꦶꦤ꧈ꦄꦱꦶꦪꦏꦶꦢꦸꦭ꧀꧈ꦭꦤ꧀ꦌꦫꦺꦴꦥꦃꦮꦶꦮꦶꦠ꧀ꦧꦶꦪꦺꦤ꧀‌꧈ꦤꦔꦶꦁꦱ꧀ꦏꦭꦥꦿꦺꦴꦢꦸꦏ꧀ꦱꦶꦤꦺꦩꦼꦱ꧀ꦛꦶꦲꦢꦺꦴꦃꦭꦸꦮꦶꦃꦕꦶꦭꦶꦏ꧀ꦠꦶꦤꦶꦩ꧀ꦧꦁꦱꦸꦠꦿꦠꦼꦂꦤꦏꦤ꧀꧈ꦱꦸꦠꦿꦲꦭꦱꦤ꧀ꦧꦺꦢꦱꦏꦱꦸꦠꦿꦠꦼꦂꦤꦏꦤ꧀ꦱꦏꦱꦶꦱꦶꦃꦮꦂꦤꦭꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦏ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦠꦸꦂ꧈ꦱꦂꦠꦏꦼꦥꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦁꦲꦭꦱꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦢꦶꦏ꧀ꦭꦸꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦏꦏꦺꦭꦸꦩꦿꦲꦺꦮꦶꦱ꧀ꦢꦶꦫꦸꦱꦏ꧀ꦢꦺꦤꦶꦁꦔꦼꦔꦠ꧀ꦏꦁꦩꦼꦠꦸꦱꦢꦸꦫꦸꦔꦺꦏꦼꦥꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦁꦩꦻꦴꦢꦶꦗꦸꦥꦸꦏ꧀‌꧈ꦱꦲꦺꦁꦒꦧꦺꦴꦭꦃꦱꦸꦠꦿꦏꦁꦩ꧀ꦧꦼꦤ꧀ꦠꦸꦏ꧀ꦏꦼꦥꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦁꦲꦶꦏꦸꦮꦶꦱ꧀ꦥꦼꦢꦺꦴꦠ꧀ꦢꦝꦶꦕꦼꦤ꧀ꦝꦏ꧀꧈ꦲꦸꦊꦂꦱꦸꦠꦿꦠꦼꦂꦤꦏꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦥꦠꦺꦤꦶꦏꦤ꧀ꦛꦶꦢꦶꦕ꧀ꦭꦸꦥ꧀ꦩꦼꦚꦁꦧꦚꦸꦲꦸꦩꦸꦧ꧀ꦱꦢꦸꦫꦸꦔꦺꦩꦼꦠꦸꦤꦺꦔꦼꦔꦠ꧀ꦢꦮꦱ꧈ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦢꦶꦕꦺꦴꦧ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦱ꧀ꦔꦁꦒꦺꦴꦢꦺꦴꦩ꧀‌꧈ꦱꦲꦺꦁꦒꦏꦧꦺꦃꦏꦼꦥꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦁꦧꦶꦱꦢꦶꦲꦸꦫꦻꦢꦝꦶꦱꦲꦼꦭꦻꦧꦺꦴꦭꦃꦏꦁꦲꦺꦴꦫꦥꦼꦢꦺꦴꦠ꧀꧈ꦲꦶꦏꦶꦩꦫꦏꦏꦺꦱꦸꦠꦿꦧꦶꦱꦢꦶꦠꦼꦤꦸꦤ꧀ꦢꦝꦶꦏꦻꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦭꦸꦮꦶꦃꦏꦸꦮꦠ꧀꧈ꦱꦸꦠꦿꦲꦭꦱꦤ꧀ꦭꦸꦩꦿꦲꦺꦲꦸꦒꦭꦸꦮꦶꦃꦲꦔꦺꦭ꧀ꦢꦶꦕ꧀ꦭꦸꦥ꧀ꦮꦂꦤꦠꦶꦤꦶꦩ꧀ꦧꦁꦱꦸꦠꦿꦠꦼꦂꦤꦏꦤ꧀꧈

꧋ꦱꦸꦠꦿꦲꦸꦒꦢꦶꦲꦱꦶꦭꦏꦺꦢꦺꦤꦶꦁꦱꦥꦺꦫꦔꦤ꧀ꦗꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦒꦺꦒꦿꦺꦩꦺꦠ꧀ꦭꦶꦪ꧈ꦤꦔꦶꦁꦩꦸꦁꦗꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦱꦸꦠꦿꦱꦏꦲꦸꦊꦂꦱꦸꦠꦿꦏꦁꦒꦮꦺꦠꦺꦏ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦠꦶꦭ꧀꧈ꦠꦻꦴꦲꦸꦒꦢꦶꦭꦏꦺꦴꦏꦏꦺꦏꦗꦶꦪꦤ꧀ꦠꦸꦩꦿꦥ꧀ꦱꦸꦠꦿꦱꦸꦠꦿꦭꦶꦪꦏꦁꦔꦼꦠꦺꦴꦏꦏꦺꦥꦿꦧꦺꦢꦤ꧀ꦱꦏꦲꦱ꧀ꦥꦺꦏ꧀ꦩꦺꦴꦭꦺꦏꦸꦭ꧀꧉ꦱꦸꦠꦿꦢꦶꦲꦱꦶꦭꦏꦺꦩ꧀ꦭꦶꦒꦶꦢꦺꦤꦶꦁꦭꦂꦮ꦳ꦒꦼꦒꦿꦼꦩꦼꦠ꧀ꦏꦁꦔꦭꦩꦶꦩꦺꦠꦩꦺꦴꦂꦥ꦳ꦺꦴꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦗꦁꦏꦺꦥ꧀‌꧈ꦤꦔꦶꦁꦲꦸꦒꦢꦶꦲꦱꦶꦭꦏꦺꦢꦺꦤꦶꦁꦱꦥꦺꦫꦔꦤ꧀ꦒꦼꦒꦿꦼꦩꦼꦠ꧀ꦢꦶꦮꦱꦏꦪꦢꦺꦤꦺ*ꦌꦩ꧀ꦧꦶꦪꦺꦴꦥ꧀ꦠꦺꦫ*꧉ꦥꦿꦺꦴꦢꦸꦏ꧀ꦱꦶꦱꦸꦠꦿꦲꦸꦒꦏꦼꦉꦥ꧀ꦢꦶꦠꦼꦩꦺꦴꦤꦶꦩ꧀ꦭꦶꦒꦶꦲꦶꦁꦒꦼꦒꦽꦩꦼꦠ꧀ꦲꦺꦴꦂꦢꦺꦴꦲ꧀ꦪ꧀ꦩꦺꦤꦺꦴꦥ꧀ꦠꦺꦫ(ꦭꦺꦧꦃ꧈ꦠꦧꦸꦲꦤ꧀꧈ꦭꦤ꧀ꦱꦺꦩꦸꦠ꧀)꧈ꦭꦤ꧀ꦱꦺꦴꦏ꧀ꦱꦺꦴꦏ꧀ꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏꦒꦮꦺꦱꦸꦱꦸꦃ꧉ꦗꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦗꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦄꦂꦛꦿꦺꦴꦥꦺꦴꦢꦏꦁꦭꦶꦪꦲꦸꦒꦔꦱꦶꦭꦏꦺꦱꦸꦠꦿ꧈ꦩ꧀ꦭꦶꦒꦶꦄꦫꦕ꧀ꦲ꧀ꦤꦶꦢꦏꦪꦢꦺꦤꦺꦭꦧꦭꦧ꧉

## ꦥꦿꦤꦭꦚ꧀ꦗꦧ
* Bathik Sutra Indonésia 
* Slèndhang Sutra
* Paternakan ulet sutra (kanthi foto-foto)
* Péta perdagangan global sutra 
* Prodhuksi sutra mentah lan penenunan sutra
ꦝꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦶꦏ꧀

꧋**ꦝꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦶꦏ꧀**꧈ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦥꦩꦺꦫꦔꦤ꧀ꦮꦼꦮꦼꦁꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦲꦣ꧀ꦩꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦠꦶꦥ꦳꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦥꦿꦺꦴꦮ꦳ꦶꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦥꦥꦸꦮꦭꦤ꧀ꦥꦥꦸꦮꦏꦸꦭꦺꦴꦤ꧀꧈ꦆꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦤꦺꦱꦶꦪꦆꦁꦱꦔꦶꦱꦺꦴꦫꦺꦏꦧꦸꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦏꦸꦛ꧉ꦆꦱ꧀ꦠꦶꦭꦃ"ꦝꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦶꦏ꧀"ꦔ꧀ꦒꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦏꦏꦺ"ꦏꦕꦩꦠꦤ꧀"꧈ꦏꦁꦱꦢꦸꦫꦸꦔꦺꦢꦶꦥꦶꦒꦸꦤꦏꦏꦺꦏꦪꦲꦶꦁꦥꦿꦺꦴꦮ꦳ꦶꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦥꦿꦺꦴꦮ꦳ꦶꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦭꦶꦪꦲꦶꦁꦆꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦤꦺꦱꦶꦪ꧉ꦥꦤꦺꦠꦺꦥꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦏꦶꦱꦲꦶꦫꦶꦁꦏꦫꦺꦴꦈꦤ꧀ꦢꦁꦈꦤ꧀ꦢꦁꦤꦺꦴꦩꦺꦂ꧇꧒꧑꧇ꦠꦲꦸꦤ꧀꧇꧒꧐꧐꧑꧇ꦧꦧ꧀ꦲꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴꦤꦺꦴꦩꦶꦏ꦳ꦸꦱꦸꦱ꧀ꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦥꦿꦺꦴꦮ꦳ꦶꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦥꦥꦸꦮ꧉ꦝꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦶꦏ꧀ꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏꦥꦼꦫꦁꦏꦠ꧀ꦭꦭꦢꦤ꧀ꦏꦧꦸꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦏꦸꦛꦲꦶꦁꦥꦥꦸꦮꦏꦁꦢꦸꦮꦺꦮꦼꦮꦼꦁꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦏꦼꦂꦗꦠꦶꦤꦩ꧀ꦠꦸꦏꦁꦢꦶꦧꦮꦲꦶ**ꦏꦼꦥꦭꦣꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦶꦏ꧀**꧉

꧋ꦝꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦶꦏ꧀ꦢꦶꦥꦺꦫꦁꦩꦤꦺꦃꦢꦢꦶꦱꦮꦠꦫꦏꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦁ꧈ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦏꦤ꧀ꦛꦶꦗꦼꦤꦼꦁꦭꦶꦪꦩꦶꦠꦸꦫꦸꦠ꧀ꦲꦢꦠ꧀ꦲꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦶꦪꦢꦠ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦠ꧀ꦭꦠꦃꦩꦻꦴ꧉ꦥꦩ꧀ꦧꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦸꦏꦤ꧀‌꧈ꦥꦩꦼꦏꦫꦤ꧀‌꧈ꦥꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦱꦏꦤ꧀‌꧈ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦥꦁꦒꦧꦸꦔꦤ꧀ꦝꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦶꦏ꧀ꦢꦶꦏꦸꦏꦸꦲꦏꦺꦏꦤ꧀ꦛꦶꦥꦼꦫꦠꦸꦫꦤ꧀ꦭꦭꦢꦤ꧀ꦏꦧꦸꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀/ꦏꦸꦛ꧉
ꦧꦭꦥ꧀ꦩꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴꦂ

thumb|300px|ꦒꦭꦥ꧀ꦲꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦢꦤꦁꦩꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴꦒꦥꦱꦺꦥꦁ
꧋**ꦒꦭꦥ꧀ꦲꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦢ**ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦈꦭꦃꦫꦒꦎꦠꦺꦴꦩꦺꦴꦠꦶꦥ꦳꧀ꦏꦁꦩꦶꦒꦸꦤꦏꦏꦺꦥꦶꦠ꧀ꦩꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴꦂꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏꦥꦶꦫꦤ꧀ꦠꦶꦠꦸꦁꦒꦔꦤ꧀꧈ꦧꦭꦥ꧀ꦩꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴꦂ꧈ꦩ꧀ꦭꦶꦒꦶ*ꦫꦺꦴꦮꦢ꧀ꦫꦕꦼ*꧈ꦕꦸꦏꦸꦥ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦥꦸꦭꦺꦂꦲꦶꦁꦆꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦤꦺꦱꦶꦪ꧉ꦲꦩꦺꦃꦱꦧꦼꦤ꧀ꦩꦶꦁꦒꦸꦲꦶꦁꦱꦮꦠꦫꦭꦭꦢꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦲꦤꦏꦏꦺꦄꦕꦫꦧꦭꦥ꧀ꦩꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴꦂ꧉ꦱꦭꦶꦪꦤꦺ*ꦫꦺꦴꦮꦢ꧀ꦫꦕꦼ*꧈ꦧꦭꦥ꧀ꦩꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴꦂꦗꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦭꦶꦪꦏꦁꦕꦸꦏꦸꦥ꧀ꦱꦼꦫꦶꦁꦏꦺꦫꦺꦥ꧀ꦢꦶꦲꦤꦏꦏꦺꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦩꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴꦂꦕꦿꦺꦴꦱ꧀ꦱ꧀꧈ꦢꦿꦒ꧀ꦧꦶꦏꦼ꧈ꦒꦿꦱ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦕ꧀ꦏ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦱꦸꦥꦼꦂꦱ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦂꦠ꧀꧉

## ꦏꦗꦸꦮꦫꦲꦤ꧀ 
ꦏꦗꦸꦮꦫꦲꦤ꧀ꦒꦭꦥ꧀ꦲꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦢ:
* *ꦩꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴꦒꦥ*
* *ꦢꦺꦴꦚꦱꦸꦥꦼꦂꦥꦶꦠ꧀*
* *ꦏꦧꦺꦃꦗꦼꦥꦁꦱꦸꦥꦼꦂꦥꦶꦠ꧀*
* *ꦄꦩꦄꦱꦸꦥꦼꦂꦥꦶꦠ꧀*
* *ꦧꦿꦶꦠꦶꦯ꧀ꦱꦸꦥꦼꦂꦥꦶꦠ꧀*
ꦒꦸꦭꦠ꧀

[thumb|right|300px|ꦥꦒꦸꦭꦠ꧀[ꦪꦸꦤꦤꦶꦏꦸꦤ(ꦥꦤ꧀ꦏꦿꦠꦶꦪꦱ꧀ꦠ꧀)]]

꧋**ꦒꦸꦭꦠ꧀**ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦱꦭꦃꦱꦶꦗꦶꦤꦺꦕꦧꦁꦈꦭꦃꦫꦒꦏꦤ꧀ꦛꦶꦄꦢꦸꦥ꦳ꦶꦱꦶꦏ꧀ꦮꦤ꧀ꦠꦫꦥꦒꦸꦭꦠ꧀ꦱꦶꦗꦶꦭꦤ꧀ꦭꦶꦪꦤꦺ꧈ꦱꦗꦼꦫꦺꦴꦤꦶꦁꦥꦩꦻꦤꦤ꧀*ꦥꦒꦸꦭꦠ꧀*ꦢꦶꦮꦗꦶꦧꦏꦺꦩ꧀ꦧꦤ꧀ꦠꦶꦁꦲꦸꦠꦮꦤꦶꦧꦏꦏꦺꦭꦤ꧀ꦧꦶꦱꦔꦼꦭꦮꦤ꧀ꦩꦸꦱꦸꦃꦩꦻꦤꦺ꧉ꦠꦺꦏ꧀ꦤꦶꦏ꧀ꦥ꦳ꦶꦱꦶꦏ꧀ꦏꦁꦢꦶꦩꦻꦤꦏꦺꦲꦶꦁꦕꦧꦁꦈꦭꦃꦫꦒꦧꦺꦭꦢꦶꦫꦶꦒꦸꦭꦠ꧀ꦏꦥꦺꦁꦏꦂꦢꦸꦩꦢꦶ*ꦗꦺꦴꦮꦶꦤ꧀ꦠ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦕ꧀ꦏ꧀*꧈*ꦕ꧀ꦭꦶꦚ꧀ꦕ꧀ꦲ꧀ꦥ꦳ꦶꦒ꦳꧀ꦠꦶꦁ*꧈*ꦒꦿꦥ꧀ꦥ꧀ꦭꦶꦁꦲꦺꦴꦭ꧀ꦢ꧀*꧈ꦭꦤ꧀*ꦭꦺꦮ꦳ꦺꦫꦒꦺ*꧉ꦈꦭꦃꦫꦒꦧꦺꦭꦢꦶꦫꦶꦒꦸꦭꦠ꧀ꦢꦸꦮꦺꦲꦤꦺꦏꦮꦂꦤꦒꦪꦏꦁꦩꦶꦱꦸꦮꦸꦂꦲꦸꦒꦢꦶꦔꦼꦂꦠꦺꦤꦶꦲꦶꦁꦢꦺꦴꦚꦏꦤ꧀ꦛꦶꦢꦸꦮꦺꦱꦗꦫꦃꦏꦁꦢꦮ꧉ꦕꦧꦁꦒꦸꦭꦠ꧀ꦏꦭꦺꦧꦸꦲꦶꦁꦈꦭꦃꦫꦒꦎꦭꦶꦩ꧀ꦥꦶꦏ꧀ꦲꦮꦶꦠ꧀꧇꧑꧐꧐꧇ꦠꦲꦸꦤ꧀ꦏꦥꦸꦁꦏꦸꦂ꧉

## ꦥꦿꦤꦭꦚ꧀ꦗꦧ
* FILA Wrestling
ꦧꦺꦏꦼꦂꦢꦺꦴꦚꦥ꦳ꦆꦥ꦳ꦄ

꧋**ꦥꦶꦪꦭꦢꦺꦴꦚꦥ꦳ꦶꦥ꦳**ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦏꦼꦉꦥ꧀ꦢꦶꦕꦼꦏꦏ꧀**ꦥꦶꦪꦭꦢꦺꦴꦚ**ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦏꦗꦸꦮꦫꦲꦤ꧀ꦧꦭ꧀ꦧꦭꦤ꧀ꦥꦭꦶꦁꦮꦶꦒꦠꦶꦲꦶꦁꦢꦺꦴꦚꦆꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦂꦤꦱꦶꦪꦺꦴꦤꦭ꧀꧈ꦢꦶꦱꦼꦊꦁꦒꦫꦏꦏꦺꦢꦺꦤꦶꦁ*ꦥ꦳ꦺꦢꦼꦫꦠꦶꦪꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦆꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦂꦤꦠꦶꦪꦺꦴꦤꦭꦺꦢꦼꦥ꦳ꦺꦴꦎꦠ꧀ꦧꦭ꧀ꦭ꧀ꦄꦱ꧀ꦱꦺꦴꦕꦶꦪꦠꦶꦪꦺꦴꦤ꧀*(ꦥ꦳ꦺꦢꦼꦫꦠꦶꦪꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦆꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦂꦤꦠꦶꦪꦺꦴꦤꦭꦺꦢꦼꦥ꦳ꦺꦴꦎꦠ꧀ꦧꦭ꧀ꦭ꧀ꦄꦱ꧀ꦱꦺꦴꦕꦶꦪꦠꦶꦪꦺꦴꦤ꧀)꧈ꦱꦶꦁꦏꦗꦶꦧꦃꦤꦠꦲꦸꦭꦃꦫꦒꦲꦶꦏꦶ꧈ꦠꦸꦂꦤꦩꦺꦤ꧀ꦧꦧꦏ꧀ꦥ꦳ꦶꦤꦭ꧀ꦥꦶꦪꦭꦢꦺꦴꦚꦆꦏꦸꦲꦗꦁꦲꦸꦭꦃꦫꦒꦱꦶꦁꦥꦭꦶꦁꦲꦏꦺꦃꦢꦶꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦣꦺꦴꦚ꧈ꦔ꧀ꦭꦸꦮꦶꦲꦶꦎꦭꦶꦩ꧀ꦥꦶꦪꦝꦼ꧉

꧋ꦧꦧꦏ꧀ꦥ꦳ꦶꦤꦭ꧀ꦠꦸꦂꦤꦩꦺꦤ꧀(ꦠꦼꦒꦼꦱꦺꦥꦺꦫꦔꦤ꧀ꦠꦸꦂꦤꦩꦺꦤ꧀ꦱꦮꦶꦱꦺꦏ꧀ꦮꦭꦶꦥ꦳ꦶꦏꦱꦶ)ꦲꦶꦏꦶꦢꦶꦲꦢꦤꦶꦱꦧꦼꦤ꧀ꦥꦠꦁꦠꦲꦸꦤ꧀ꦱꦥꦶꦱꦤ꧀ꦤꦔꦶꦁꦏꦗꦸꦮꦫꦲꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦏꦶꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦠꦸꦲꦏꦺꦩꦁꦱꦫꦺꦴꦁꦠꦲꦸꦤ꧀ꦏꦤ꧀ꦛꦶꦱꦏꦧꦺꦲꦤꦺ꧉ꦭꦸꦮꦶꦃꦱꦏ꧇꧑꧖꧐꧇ꦠꦶꦩ꧀ꦤꦱꦶꦪꦺꦴꦤꦭ꧀ꦠꦤ꧀ꦝꦶꦁꦲꦶꦁꦠꦸꦂꦤꦩꦺꦤ꧀ꦏ꧀ꦮꦭꦶꦥ꦳ꦶꦏꦱꦶꦫꦺꦒꦶꦪꦺꦴꦤꦭ꧀ꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦔ꧀ꦒꦪꦸꦃꦥꦥꦤ꧀ꦱꦗꦺꦫꦺꦴꦤꦶꦁꦧꦧꦏ꧀ꦥ꦳ꦶꦤꦭ꧀꧈ꦠꦸꦂꦤꦩꦺꦤ꧀ꦥ꦳ꦶꦤꦭꦺꦱꦲꦶꦏꦶꦢꦸꦩꦢꦶꦱꦏ꧇꧕꧘꧇ꦠꦶꦩ꧀(ꦥꦤꦶꦁꦏꦠꦤ꧀ꦱꦏ꧇꧒꧔꧇ꦠꦶꦩ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦠꦲꦸꦤ꧀꧇꧒꧐꧒꧒꧇)ꦱꦶꦁꦏꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦥꦼꦠꦶꦱꦶꦱꦗꦼꦫꦺꦴꦤꦶꦁ꧇꧔꧇ꦩꦶꦁꦒꦸꦲꦶꦁꦤꦒꦫꦱꦶꦁꦢꦶꦠꦸꦚ꧀ꦗꦸꦏ꧀ꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏꦠꦸꦮꦤ꧀ꦲꦺꦴꦩꦃ꧉ꦆꦤꦺꦴꦮ꦳ꦱꦶꦱꦶꦁꦢꦶꦲꦤꦏꦏꦺꦲꦶꦚꦂꦲꦶꦏꦶꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦔꦺꦴꦭꦺꦲꦏꦺꦥꦸꦚ꧀ꦗꦸꦭ꧀ꦱꦶꦗꦶꦤꦒꦫꦢꦝꦶꦠꦸꦮꦤ꧀ꦲꦺꦴꦩꦃ꧉

꧋ꦥꦚꦼꦊꦁꦒꦫꦲꦤ꧀ꦥꦶꦪꦭꦢꦺꦴꦚꦱꦧꦚ꧀ꦗꦸꦫꦺꦲꦶꦁꦄꦩꦺꦫꦶꦏꦱꦫꦺꦏꦠ꧀꧈ꦏꦤꦢ꧈ꦭꦤ꧀ꦩꦺꦏ꧀ꦱꦶꦏꦺꦴꦠꦲꦸꦤ꧀꧇꧒꧐꧑꧖꧇꧉

## ꦏꦗꦸꦮꦫꦲꦤ꧀ꦥꦶꦪꦭꦢꦺꦴꦚꦥ꦳ꦆꦥ꦳ꦄ 
**1** *Ora ana tetandhingan perebutan papan katelu sing resmi ing taun 1930.**Peringkat pungkasan: **1:** Uruguay; **2:** Argentina; **3:** AS; **4:** Yugoslavia.*

**2** *Ora ana tetandhingan final sing resmi ing taun 1950. Turnamen diputusaké liwat grup final sing dipersaingkan patang tim. Nanging kamenangan Uruguay 2-1 marang Brasil iku tetandhingan wigati sing nggawa tim iki mimpin saka segi poin lan mesthèkaké ana ing posisi paling dhuwur sajeroning grup minangka juwara donya.**Peringkat akir grup: **1:** Uruguay; **2:** Brasil; **3:** Swèdhen; **4:** Spanyol.*
## ꦥꦼꦫꦶꦁꦏꦠ꧀ꦗꦸꦮꦫꦥꦶꦪꦭꦢꦺꦴꦚ 
frameless|right|upright=2
#  - 1958, 1962, 1970, 1994, 2002 (ꦥꦶꦁ꧇꧕꧇)
#  - 1934, 1938, 1982,  (ꦥꦶꦁ꧇꧔꧇)  - 1954, 1974, 1990 ,2014 (ꦥꦶꦁ꧇꧔꧇)
#  - 1978, 1986, 2022 (ꦥꦶꦁ꧇꧓꧇)
#  - 1930, 1950 (ꦥꦶꦁ꧇꧒꧇) - 1998, 2018 (ꦥꦶꦁ꧇ꦊ꧇)
#  - 1966 (ꦥꦶꦁ꧇꧑꧇) - 2010 (ꦥꦶꦁ꧇꧑꧇)

## ꦫꦸꦗꦸꦏ꧀ꦏꦤ꧀
ꦄꦁꦏꦠ꧀ꦮꦼꦱꦶ

right|thumb|250px|꧋ꦄꦠ꧀ꦭꦶꦠ꧀ꦲꦁꦏꦠ꧀ꦮꦼꦱꦶꦔꦁꦏꦠ꧀ꦧꦼꦧꦤ꧀꧇꧑꧘꧐꧇ꦏꦒ꧈ꦧꦼꦚ꧀ꦗꦩꦶꦤ꧀ꦗ꧉(꧇꧒꧕꧇ꦩꦉꦠ꧀꧇꧒꧐꧐꧔꧇)꧉

꧋**ꦄꦁꦏꦠ꧀ꦮꦺꦱꦶ**(ꦒꦪꦎꦭꦶꦩ꧀ꦥꦶꦪꦢꦼ)ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦈꦭꦃꦫꦒꦔꦁꦏꦠ꧀ꦧꦼꦧꦤ꧀ꦲꦧꦺꦴꦠ꧀ꦱꦶꦁꦢꦶꦲꦫꦤꦶꦧꦂꦧꦼꦭ꧀꧉ꦈꦭꦃꦫꦒꦲꦶꦏꦶꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦠꦸꦲꦏꦺꦏꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦧꦶꦤꦱꦶꦲꦤꦠꦫꦤꦺꦏꦏꦸꦮꦠꦤ꧀‌ꦥ꦳꧀ꦭꦺꦏ꧀ꦱꦶꦧꦶꦭꦶꦠꦱ꧀꧈ꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦱꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦱꦶ꧈ꦏꦩꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦮꦤ꧀‌꧈ꦢꦶꦱꦶꦥ꧀ꦭꦶꦤ꧀(ꦮꦶꦒꦠꦶꦧꦔꦺꦠ꧀)꧈ꦄꦠ꧀ꦭꦺꦠꦶꦱ꧀‌꧈ꦏꦧꦸꦒꦫꦤ꧀‌꧈ꦠꦺꦏ꧀ꦤꦶꦏ꧀‌꧈ꦩꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦏꦏꦸꦮꦠꦤ꧀ꦥ꦳ꦶꦱꦶꦏ꧀꧉ꦠꦼꦤ꧀ꦧꦸꦁ"ꦄꦁꦏꦠ꧀ꦮꦼꦱꦶ"ꦫꦕꦏꦺꦏꦤ꧀ꦛꦶꦲꦺꦴꦫꦉꦱ꧀ꦩꦶꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦱꦸꦭꦶꦃꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦁꦭꦠꦶꦲꦤ꧀ꦧꦼꦧꦤ꧀꧈

## ꦥꦿꦤꦭꦚ꧀ꦗꦧ
* International Federation of Weightlifting
* Weightlifting Exchange
ꦄꦠ꧀ꦭꦺꦠꦶꦏ꧀

[thumb|[ꦭꦫꦶꦒꦮꦁ꧈ꦱꦭꦃꦱꦠꦸꦗꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦲꦸꦭꦃꦫꦒꦄꦠ꧀ꦭꦺꦠꦶꦏ꧀꧈]]
꧋**ꦄꦠ꧀ꦭꦺꦠꦶꦏ꧀**ꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦒꦧꦸꦔꦤ꧀ꦱꦏꦥꦶꦫꦁꦗꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦲꦸꦭꦃꦫꦒꦏꦁꦫꦕꦏꦺꦧꦶꦱꦢꦶꦏꦼꦭꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦏꦏꦺꦢꦝꦶꦭꦸꦩꦪꦸ꧈ꦭꦺꦩ꧀ꦥꦂ꧈ꦭꦤ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦥꦠ꧀꧉

꧋ꦄꦛ꧀ꦭꦺꦠꦶꦕ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏꦏꦺꦴꦭꦺꦏ꧀ꦱꦶꦩꦕꦺꦩ꧀ꦩꦕꦺꦩ꧀ꦗꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦲꦺꦴꦭꦃꦫꦒꦱꦶꦁꦲꦸꦩꦸꦩꦺꦧꦶꦱꦢꦶꦏꦼꦭꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦏꦏꦺ꧈ꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦭꦸꦩꦪꦸ꧈ꦩ꧀ꦭꦸꦩ꧀ꦥꦠ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦮꦁ꧉ꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦁꦄꦠ꧀ꦭꦺꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦲꦱꦭ꧀ꦱꦏꦧꦱꦪꦸꦤꦤꦶ"ꦄꦛ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦤ꧀"ꦱꦶꦁꦠꦼꦒꦼꦱꦼ"ꦥꦺꦂꦱꦻꦔꦤ꧀"꧉ꦄꦠ꧀ꦭꦺꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏꦱꦭꦃꦱꦮꦶꦗꦶꦤꦶꦁꦎꦭꦃꦲꦒꦱꦶꦁꦢꦶꦥꦺꦂꦠꦤ꧀ꦝꦶꦔꦏꦺꦤꦭꦶꦏꦎꦭꦶꦩ꧀ꦥꦶꦪꦢꦼꦏꦥꦶꦁꦥꦶꦱꦤꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦲꦤꦏꦏꦺꦲꦶꦁꦠꦲꦸꦤ꧀꧇꧗꧗꧖꧇ꦱꦩ꧈ꦎꦂꦒꦤꦶꦱꦱꦶꦎꦭꦃꦒꦄꦠ꧀ꦭꦺꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦆꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦤꦺꦱꦶꦪꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦥꦄꦱꦆꦲꦸꦠꦮꦄꦱꦺꦴꦱꦶꦪꦱꦶꦄꦠ꧀ꦭꦺꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦆꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦤꦺꦱꦶꦪ

 ꧋ꦭꦸꦩꦏꦸꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏꦱꦭꦃꦱꦮꦶꦗꦶꦤꦶꦁꦕꦧꦁꦏꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦥꦼꦠꦶꦱꦶꦄꦠ꧀ꦭꦺꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦏꦤ꧀ꦛꦶꦧꦭꦥꦤ꧀ꦭꦫꦶ꧈ꦏꦼꦒꦶꦪꦠꦤ꧀ꦭꦫꦶꦉꦭꦪ꧀ꦱꦶꦁꦢꦶꦠꦶꦤ꧀ꦢꦏꦏꦺꦏꦤ꧀ꦛꦶꦕꦫꦒꦤ꧀ꦠꦶ꧈ꦧꦭꦥꦤ꧀ꦭꦸꦩꦪꦸꦱꦸꦱꦸꦭ꧀ꦱꦸꦱꦸꦭ꧀ꦏꦭꦺꦧꦸꦭꦸꦩꦏꦸꦗꦫꦏ꧀ꦱꦶꦁꦲꦢꦺꦴꦃ꧉
ꦩ꧀ꦭꦪꦸ

thumb|150px|ꦭꦸꦩꦪꦸꦩꦫꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀
꧋**ꦭꦸꦩꦪꦸ**ꦧꦶꦱꦲꦸꦒꦢꦶꦗ꧀ꦭꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦺꦲꦏꦺꦲꦶꦁꦧꦧꦒꦤ꧀ꦭꦸꦩꦏꦸꦫꦶꦏꦠ꧀ꦏꦁꦢꦶꦭꦏꦺꦴꦤꦶꦏꦺꦮꦤ꧀ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦩꦤꦸꦁꦱꦏꦁꦩꦸꦥꦔꦠꦏꦺꦱꦸꦏꦸ꧉ꦲꦶꦁꦧꦱꦆꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦤꦺꦱꦶꦪꦩꦻꦴ*ꦭꦫꦶ*꧉ꦭꦸꦩꦪꦸꦲꦶꦁꦢꦺꦴꦚꦈꦭꦃꦫꦒꦏꦒꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴꦁꦲꦶꦁꦆꦱ꧀ꦠꦶꦭꦃꦎꦭꦃꦄꦮꦏ꧀ꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦏꦶꦭ꧀/ꦱꦸꦏꦸꦲꦶꦁꦱꦗꦼꦫꦺꦴꦤꦶꦁꦮꦼꦏ꧀ꦠꦸꦢꦶꦲꦺꦴꦧꦲꦏꦺꦭꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦫꦶꦏꦠꦏꦺꦏꦤ꧀ꦛꦶꦠꦸꦩꦸꦗꦸꦲꦶꦁꦠ꧀ꦭꦠꦃꦏꦁꦠꦸꦩꦸꦗꦸ꧉ꦭꦸꦩꦪꦸꦲꦸꦒꦢꦶꦒꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴꦔꦏꦺꦲꦶꦁꦱꦭꦃꦱꦶꦗꦶꦤꦺꦮꦸꦗꦸꦢ꧀ꦭꦠꦶꦲꦤ꧀ꦄꦌꦫꦺꦴꦧꦶꦏ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦭꦠꦶꦲꦤ꧀ꦄꦤꦌꦫꦺꦴꦧꦶꦏ꧀꧉

## ꦈꦒꦢꦼꦊꦔꦼꦤ꧀
*ꦫꦺꦏꦺꦴꦂꦢꦺꦴꦚ(ꦭꦸꦩꦪꦸ)
Kopi Robusta

**Kopi robusta** (jeneng Latin ***Coffea canephora*** utawa ***Coffea robusta*** ) iku turunan saka sawetara spesies kopi, utamané *Coffea canephora*. Kopi jinis iki tuwuh apik ing dhuwur 400-700 m saka permukaan laut, suhu 21-24.&nbsp;°C kanthi 3-4 wulan garing berturut-turut lan 3-4 wulan udan berturut-turut. Kualitas woh luwih murah tinimbang Arabica lan Liberica.

Kopi robusta makili antarane 40% lan 45% saka produksi kopi global, sing paling akeh yaiku *Coffea arabica*.   Ana sawetara beda ing komposisi biji kopi saka *C. arabica* lan *C. robusta*.   Wiji saka *C. robusta* cenderung nduweni tingkat kaasaman sing luwih murah, luwih pait, lan nduweni rasa sing luwih kayu lan kurang woh dibandhingake karo wiji *C. arabika*.

## Katrangan 
Tanduran iki nduweni sistem oyod sing cethek lan tuwuh dadi wit utawa semak sing dhuwure nganti 10 meter. Periode ngembang ora teratur lan mbutuhake udakara 10-11 sasi nganti woh bisa mateng, kanggo ngasilake biji kopi sing dikarepake. Kopi robusta ngasilake panen luwih akeh tinimbang arabika, lan ngemot kafein luwih akeh, yaiku 2,7% dibandhingake karo arabika sing mung ngemot 1,5%.  Kajaba iku, robusta uga luwih tahan serangan hama lan penyakit,  mula mbutuhake herbisida lan pestisida luwih sithik tinimbang tanduran arabika. Nanging, sawetara patogen kayata *Hypothenemus hampei, Zeuzera sp.* *Xylosandrus sp, Coccus viridis, Ferrisia virgata, Cercospora, Psychidae,* lan *Pratylenchus coffeae* bisa ngganggu produksi kopi robusta.

## Penyebaran 
al=Kopi Robusta Sidikalang|jmpl|**Kopi Robusta Sidikalang**
*C. canephora* asalé saka alas dataran tinggi Ethiopia, ing ngendi uga tuwuh ing bagéan Afrika Tengah lan Afrika Kulon, wiwit saka Liberia nganti Tanzania lan Angola kidul. Tanduran iki ora diakoni minangka spesies kopi nganti taun 1897,  luwih saka abad sawisé ditemokaké spesies Coffea arabica.   Robusta uga kacarita wis dikenalaké ing Borneo, Polinesia Prancis, Kosta Rika, Nikaragua, Jamaika lan Antillen Cilik.

## Poto-poto 

Barkas:Coffe_Robusta.jpg|pra=Berkas:Coffe_Robusta.jpg|al=Kopi robusta dikeringkan|Kopi robusta garing
Barkas:Coffea_canephora_2.JPG|pra=Berkas:Coffea_canephora_2.JPG|al=Bunga kopi robusta|kembang kopi robusta
Barkas:Coffea_canephora_at_Aanakkulam.jpg|pra=Berkas:Coffea_canephora_at_Aanakkulam.jpg|al=Buah kopi robusta|Kopi robusta buah

## Cathetan sikil 
## Pranala njaba 
* Grafik Perbandingan Robusta karo Arabica
* Kopi Robusta ing Vietnam
* Bedane Arabika lan Robusta?
* Jan 2008 ICO ngrusak kabeh ekspor Kopi
* Jan 2008 ICO ngrusak ekspor Kopi Hijau
ꦥꦶꦪꦭ

thumb|ꦠꦸꦭꦝꦥꦶꦪꦭ
꧋**ꦥꦶꦪꦭ**ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦶꦲꦱꦿꦶꦁꦏꦧꦺꦧꦺꦂꦢꦸꦩꦠꦼꦁꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦁ**ꦥꦶꦪꦭ**ꦥꦸꦤꦶꦏꦮꦸꦗꦸꦢ꧀ꦥꦁꦲꦂꦒꦲꦤ꧀ꦮꦔꦸꦤ꧀ꦥꦶꦫꦤ꧀ꦠꦶ(*ꦧꦫꦁ*)ꦏꦁꦢꦶꦲꦠꦸꦂꦫꦏꦺꦢꦺꦤꦶꦁꦥꦶꦪꦤ꧀ꦠꦸꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦏꦁꦱꦒꦼꦢ꧀ꦢꦢꦺꦴꦱ꧀ꦥꦩꦼꦤꦁꦲꦸꦠꦮꦗꦮꦫꦲꦶꦁꦱꦶꦗꦶꦠꦼꦠꦤ꧀ꦝꦶꦁꦔꦤ꧀ꦠꦂꦠꦩ꧀ꦠꦸ꧉ꦥꦶꦪꦭꦲꦱꦿꦶꦁꦢꦶꦲꦠꦸꦂꦫꦏꦺꦢꦺꦤꦶꦁꦕꦧꦁꦲꦸꦭꦃꦫꦒꦲꦸꦠꦮꦏꦒꦶꦪꦠꦤ꧀ꦲꦸꦭꦃꦫꦒ꧉
ꦩꦸꦱꦶꦏ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦥ꧀

**꧋ꦩꦸꦱꦶꦏ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦥ꧀**ꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦒꦺꦤꦿꦺꦩꦸꦱꦶꦏ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦥꦸꦭꦺꦂꦱꦶꦁꦲꦱꦭꦺꦱꦏꦮꦔꦸꦤ꧀ꦩꦺꦴꦢꦺꦉꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦄꦩꦺꦫꦶꦏꦱꦼꦫꦶꦏꦠ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦆꦁꦒꦿꦶꦱ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦥꦼꦂꦠꦼꦔꦲꦤ꧀꧇꧑꧙꧕꧐꧇ꦲꦤ꧀꧈ ꦆꦱ꧀ꦠꦶꦭꦃ"ꦩꦸꦱꦶꦏ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦥꦸꦭꦺꦂ"ꦭꦤ꧀"ꦩꦸꦱꦶꦏ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦥ꧀"ꦲꦱꦿꦶꦁꦢꦶꦒꦸꦤꦏꦏꦺꦧꦼꦧꦫꦺꦔꦤ꧀‌꧈ꦲꦸꦠꦩꦤꦺꦤꦭꦶꦏꦤꦼꦫꦔꦏꦺꦩꦸꦱꦶꦏ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦥꦸꦭꦺꦂꦭꦤ꧀ꦩꦕꦺꦩ꧀ꦩꦕꦺꦩ꧀ꦒꦪ꧉ꦆꦱ꧀ꦠꦶꦭꦃ"ꦥꦺꦴꦥ꧀"ꦭꦤ꧀"ꦫꦺꦴꦕ꧀ꦏ꧀"ꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏꦆꦢꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦲꦩꦂꦒꦩꦸꦱꦶꦏ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦥ꧀ꦢꦶꦒꦤ꧀ꦠꦶꦲꦶꦁꦥꦸꦁꦏꦱꦤ꧀ꦠꦲꦸꦤ꧀꧇꧑꧙꧖꧐꧇ꦲꦤ꧀‌꧈ꦤꦭꦶꦏꦥꦢꦝꦢꦶꦱꦪꦧꦺꦢꦏꦫꦺꦴꦱꦶꦗꦶꦭꦶꦪꦤꦺ꧉

꧋ꦱꦼꦤꦗꦤ꧀ꦲꦏꦺꦃꦩꦸꦱꦶꦏ꧀ꦱꦶꦁꦩꦸꦚ꧀ꦕꦸꦭ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦠꦁꦒꦭꦒꦸꦱꦶꦁꦏꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏꦩꦸꦱꦶꦏ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦥ꧀‌꧈ꦒꦺꦤꦿꦺꦆꦏꦶꦢꦶꦧꦺꦢꦏꦏꦺꦏꦫꦺꦴꦩꦸꦱꦶꦏ꧀ꦒꦿꦥ꦳ꦶꦏ꧀꧈ꦩꦸꦱꦶꦏ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦥ꧀ꦲꦱꦿꦶꦁꦚꦶꦭꦶꦃꦲꦸꦤ꧀ꦱꦸꦂꦱꦏꦒꦪꦭꦶꦪꦤꦺꦏꦪꦠꦏꦸꦛ꧈ꦠꦫꦶ꧈ꦫꦺꦴꦕ꧀ꦏ꧀꧈ꦭꦠꦶꦤ꧀꧈ꦭꦤ꧀ꦤꦼꦒꦫ;ꦤꦔꦶꦁ꧈ꦲꦤꦲꦏꦺꦃꦲꦸꦤ꧀ꦱꦸꦂꦆꦤ꧀ꦠꦶꦱꦶꦁꦤꦼꦩ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦏꦏꦺꦩꦸꦱꦶꦏ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦥ꧀꧈ꦔꦼꦤꦭꦶꦥ꦳ꦏ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦂꦗꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦩꦸꦱꦶꦏ꧀ꦲꦶꦏꦶꦏꦭꦺꦧꦸꦲꦸꦩꦸꦩꦺꦭꦒꦸꦕꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦏ꧀ꦔꦤ꧀ꦠꦶꦩꦺꦢꦶꦪꦸꦩ꧀ꦱꦶꦁꦢꦶꦠꦸꦭꦶꦱ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦥ꦳ꦺꦴꦂꦩꦠ꧀ꦢꦱꦂ꧈ꦲꦸꦒꦥꦁꦒꦸꦤꦲꦤ꧀ꦲꦸꦩꦸꦩ꧀ꦫꦺꦥꦼꦠꦶꦱꦶꦏꦺꦴꦎꦂ꧈ꦕꦛꦺꦠꦤ꧀ꦩꦺꦭꦺꦴꦢꦶ꧈ꦭꦤ꧀ꦥꦚ꧀ꦕꦶꦁ꧉

## ꦫꦺꦥ꦳ꦺꦫꦺꦤ꧀ꦱꦶ
ꦝꦥ꧀ꦠꦂꦧꦱꦆꦁꦥꦥꦸꦮ

*ꦧꦱꦭꦤꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦄꦧꦶꦤꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦤ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦄꦧꦸꦤ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦄꦒ꦳ꦸ
*ꦧꦱꦍꦫꦺꦴꦫꦤ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦄꦩ꧀ꦧꦻ
*ꦧꦱꦄꦤꦱꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦄꦤ꧀ꦱꦸꦱ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦄꦫꦤ꧀ꦢꦻ
*ꦧꦱꦄꦂꦒꦸꦤꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦄꦱ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦄꦱ꧀ꦩꦠ꧀ꦥꦱꦶꦱꦶꦂꦏꦱꦸꦮꦫꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦄꦱ꧀ꦩꦠ꧀ꦠꦺꦔꦃ
*ꦧꦱꦄꦱ꧀ꦩꦠ꧀ꦈꦠꦫ
*ꦧꦱꦄꦱ꧀ꦩꦠ꧀ꦪꦎꦱꦏꦺꦴꦂ
*ꦧꦱꦄꦠꦺꦴꦃꦮꦻꦩ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦎꦴꦪꦺ
*ꦧꦱꦄꦮ꧀ꦧꦺꦴꦤꦺꦴ
*ꦧꦱꦄꦮꦺꦫ
*ꦧꦱꦄꦮꦾꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦄꦮꦾꦸꦄꦱꦸꦮꦺ
*ꦧꦱꦄꦮꦾꦸꦠꦺꦔꦃ
*ꦧꦱꦄꦮꦾꦸꦌꦢꦺꦫ
*ꦧꦱꦄꦮꦾꦸꦗꦻꦂ
*ꦧꦱꦄꦮꦾꦸꦈꦠꦫ
*ꦧꦱꦄꦮꦾꦸꦱꦺꦭꦠꦤ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦧꦒꦸꦱ
*ꦧꦱꦧꦲꦩ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦧꦫꦥꦱꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦧꦻꦴꦗ꦳ꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦧꦪꦺꦴꦤꦺꦴ
*ꦧꦱꦧꦺꦢꦺꦴꦮꦤꦱ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦧꦺꦤꦺꦫꦥ꦳꧀
*ꦧꦱꦧꦺꦫꦶꦏ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦧꦺꦠꦥ꦳꧀
*ꦧꦱꦧꦶꦪꦏ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦧꦶꦒ
*ꦧꦱꦧꦶꦫꦶꦠꦻ
*ꦧꦱꦧꦺꦴꦁꦒꦺꦴ
*ꦧꦱꦧꦸꦫꦠꦺ
*ꦧꦱꦧꦸꦂꦩꦺꦱꦺꦴ
*ꦧꦱꦧꦸꦫꦸꦩꦏꦺꦴꦏ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦧꦸꦫꦸꦮꦻ
*ꦧꦱꦧꦸꦱꦩꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦕꦶꦠꦏ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦕꦶꦠꦏ꧀ꦠꦩ꧀ꦤꦶꦩ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦢꦧꦺ
*ꦧꦱꦢꦩꦭ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦢꦤꦶꦊꦩ꧀ꦧꦃꦧꦮꦃ
*ꦧꦱꦢꦤꦶꦊꦩ꧀ꦧꦃꦠꦺꦔꦃ
*ꦧꦱꦢꦤꦶꦊꦩ꧀ꦧꦃꦄꦠꦱ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦢꦤꦶꦧꦫꦠ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦢꦎ
*ꦧꦱꦢꦺꦩ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦢꦺꦩꦶꦱ
*ꦧꦱꦢꦺꦫ
*ꦧꦱꦢꦶꦪꦺꦧꦿꦺꦴꦈꦢ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦢꦶꦤꦺꦪꦺꦴꦂ
*ꦧꦱꦢꦶꦪꦸꦮꦺ
*ꦧꦱꦢꦺꦴꦈꦠꦻ
*ꦧꦱꦢꦸꦫꦶꦪꦤ꧀ꦏꦺꦫꦺ
*ꦧꦱꦢꦸꦱ꧀ꦤꦺꦂ
*ꦧꦱꦢꦸꦮ꦳꧀ꦭꦺ
*ꦧꦱꦌꦣꦺꦴꦥꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦌꦪꦶꦥꦺꦴꦩꦺꦏ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦌꦏꦫꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦄꦼꦭ꧀ꦱꦼꦁ꧇꧓꧇
*ꦧꦱꦌꦩꦺꦩ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦌꦫꦶꦠꦻ
*ꦧꦱꦌꦫꦺꦴꦏ꧀ꦮꦤꦱ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦥ꦳ꦪꦸ
*ꦧꦱꦥ꦳ꦺꦢꦤ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦥ꦳ꦺꦴꦮꦻꦴ
*ꦧꦱꦒꦿꦺꦱꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦲꦠꦩ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦲꦸꦥ꧀ꦭ
*ꦧꦱꦆꦪꦻꦴ
*ꦧꦱꦆꦲ
*ꦧꦱꦆꦲꦥꦶꦗꦶꦤ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦆꦫꦫꦸꦠꦸ
*ꦧꦱꦆꦫꦺꦱꦶꦩ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦆꦱꦶꦫꦮ
*ꦧꦱꦆꦠꦶꦏ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦆꦮꦸꦂ
*ꦧꦱꦗꦺꦴꦥ꦳ꦺꦴꦠꦺꦏ꧀ꦧꦿꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦚ
*ꦧꦱꦏꦧꦸꦫꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦏꦻꦱ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦏꦻꦪ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦏꦭꦧꦿ
*ꦧꦱꦏꦩ꧀ꦧꦺꦫꦻꦴ
*ꦧꦱꦏꦩꦺꦴꦫꦺꦴ
*ꦧꦱꦏꦤꦸꦩ꧀ꦧ꧀äꦣꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦏꦤꦸꦩ꧀ꦔ꧀ꦏ꧀âꦭ꧀ꦩ꧀ꦥ꧀ꦮ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦏꦤꦸꦩ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦩ꧀äꦫ꧀ꦏ꧀ꦪ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦏꦤꦸꦩ꧀ꦱꦺꦴꦠ
*ꦧꦱꦏꦥꦻꦴꦫꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦏꦥ꧀ꦠꦶꦪꦻꦴ
*ꦧꦱꦏꦫꦱ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦏꦫꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦫꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦏꦻꦴꦫꦺ
*ꦧꦱꦏꦻꦴꦮꦺꦫ
*ꦧꦱꦏꦮꦺ
*ꦧꦱꦏꦪꦒꦂ
*ꦧꦱꦏꦪꦸꦥꦸꦭꦻꦴ
*ꦧꦱꦏꦼꦲꦸ꧇꧕꧇
*ꦧꦱꦏꦺꦪꦶꦗꦂ
*ꦧꦱꦏꦺꦩ꧀ꦧꦺꦫꦤꦺꦴ
*ꦧꦱꦏꦺꦩ꧀ꦧꦿ
*ꦧꦱꦏꦺꦩ꧀ꦠꦸꦮꦶꦏ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦏꦺꦠꦺꦁꦧꦤ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦏꦺꦠꦸꦩ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦏꦶꦩꦒ꦳ꦶꦩ
*ꦧꦱꦏꦶꦩ꧀ꦏꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦏꦶꦫꦶꦏꦶꦫꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦏꦺꦴꦥ꦳ꦺꦪꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦏꦺꦴꦏꦺꦴꦣ
*ꦧꦱꦏꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦧꦻ
*ꦧꦱꦏꦺꦴꦩꦾꦤ꧀ꦝꦫꦺꦠ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦢ
*ꦧꦱꦏꦺꦴꦤꦺꦫꦮ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦏꦺꦴꦥ꧀ꦏꦏ
*ꦧꦱꦏꦺꦴꦫꦺꦴꦮꦻ
*ꦧꦱꦏꦺꦴꦫꦸꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦱꦺꦭ
*ꦧꦱꦏꦺꦴꦱꦫꦺ
*ꦧꦱꦏꦺꦴꦮꦶꦪꦻ
*ꦧꦱꦏꦸꦫꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦏꦸꦫꦸꦢꦸ
*ꦧꦱꦏ꧀ꦮꦺꦂ
*ꦧꦱꦏ꧀ꦮꦺꦂꦧ
*ꦧꦱꦏ꧀ꦮꦼꦂꦧꦩꦩ꧀ꦧꦺꦫꦩꦺꦴ
*ꦧꦱꦏ꧀ꦮꦺꦫꦶꦱ
*ꦧꦱꦏ꧀ꦮꦺꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦤ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦏ꧀ꦮꦶꦤ꧀ꦱꦸ
*ꦧꦱꦭꦺꦒꦺꦚꦺꦩ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦊꦥ꧀ꦏꦶ꧇꧕꧇
*ꦧꦱꦭꦶꦏꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦩꦣꦺꦤ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦩꦻꦧꦿꦠ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦩꦻꦫꦱꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦩꦏ꧀ꦭꦺꦮ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦩꦼꦭꦪꦸꦥꦥꦸꦮ
*ꦧꦱꦩꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦂ
*ꦧꦱꦩꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦧꦺꦴꦄꦠꦱ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦩꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦧꦺꦴꦧꦮꦃ
*ꦧꦱꦩꦤꦺꦩ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦩꦤꦶꦏꦶꦪꦺꦴꦤ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦩꦥꦶꦪ
*ꦧꦱꦩꦫꦻꦴ
*ꦧꦱꦩꦫꦶꦤ꧀ꦝ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦩꦫꦶꦤ꧀ꦝ꧀ꦧꦶꦪꦤ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦩꦱꦶꦩꦱꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦩꦱ꧀ꦱꦺꦥ꧀꧇꧓꧇
*ꦧꦱꦩꦠ꧀ꦧꦠ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦩꦮꦺꦱ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦩ'ꦪ
*ꦧꦱꦩꦺꦏ꧀ꦮꦺꦪꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦩꦺꦪꦺꦴꦱ꧀ꦮꦂ
*ꦧꦱꦩꦺꦂ
*ꦧꦱꦩꦺꦪꦃ
*ꦧꦱꦩ꧀ꦭꦥ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦩꦺꦴ
*ꦧꦱꦩꦺꦴꦮꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦩꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴꦥ꦳꧀
*ꦧꦱꦩꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦩ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦩꦺꦴꦩꦶꦤ
*ꦧꦱꦩꦺꦴꦩꦸꦤ
*ꦧꦱꦩꦺꦴꦤꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦩꦺꦴꦂ
*ꦧꦱꦩꦺꦴꦂ
*ꦧꦱꦩꦺꦴꦫꦻ
*ꦧꦱꦩꦺꦴꦫꦺꦴꦫꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦩꦺꦴꦱ꧀ꦏꦺꦴꦤ
*ꦧꦱꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦂ
*ꦧꦱꦩꦸꦁꦒꦸꦮꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦩꦸꦂꦏꦶꦩ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦩꦸꦪꦸꦈꦠꦫ
*ꦧꦱꦩꦸꦪꦸꦱꦺꦭꦠꦤ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦤꦥ꦳ꦿꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦤꦏꦻ
*ꦧꦱꦤꦕ꧀ꦭ
*ꦧꦱꦤꦩ꧀ꦭ꧇꧕꧇
*ꦧꦱꦤꦫꦻꦴ
*ꦧꦱꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦩ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦤ꧀ꦝꦸꦒ
*ꦧꦱꦔꦭꦸꦩ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦔ꧀ꦒꦺꦩ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦤꦶꦩ꧀ꦧꦺꦴꦫꦤ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦤꦶꦁꦒꦺꦫꦸꦩ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦤꦶꦥ꧀ꦱꦤ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦤꦶꦱ
*ꦧꦱꦎꦧꦺꦴꦏꦸꦮꦶꦠꦻ
*ꦧꦱꦎꦤꦶꦤ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦎꦤꦶꦤ꧀ꦥꦶꦗꦶꦤ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦎꦂꦩꦸ
*ꦧꦱꦎꦂꦪ
*ꦧꦱꦥꦥꦱꦺꦤ
*ꦧꦱꦥꦥꦸꦩ
*ꦧꦱꦥꦺꦴꦩ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦥꦸꦫꦒꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦫꦱꦮ
*ꦧꦱꦫꦶꦪꦤ꧀ꦠꦤ
*ꦧꦱꦫꦺꦴꦎꦤ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦱꦩꦫꦺꦴꦏꦺꦤ
*ꦧꦱꦱꦥꦺꦴꦤꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦱꦻꦴꦫꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦱꦻꦴꦱꦺ
*ꦧꦱꦱꦮꦺꦫꦸ
*ꦧꦱꦱꦮꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦱꦺꦒꦺꦠ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦱꦺꦏꦂ
*ꦧꦱꦱꦺꦩꦶꦩꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦱꦺꦩ꧀ꦥꦤ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦱꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦤꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦱꦼꦫꦸꦮꦶꦭꦻꦴꦠ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦱꦶꦏꦫꦶꦠꦻ
*ꦧꦱꦱꦶꦭꦶꦩꦺꦴ
*ꦧꦱꦱ꧀ꦏꦺꦴꦈ
*ꦧꦱꦱꦺꦴꦧꦺꦪꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦱꦺꦴꦮꦤ꧀ꦝ
*ꦧꦱꦱꦺꦴꦮꦫꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦱꦸꦮꦧꦺꦴ
*ꦧꦱꦱꦸꦤꦸꦩ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦠꦧ꧀ꦭ
*ꦧꦱꦠꦻꦏꦠ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦠꦩꦒꦫꦶꦪꦺꦴ
*ꦧꦱꦠꦤꦃꦩꦺꦫꦃ
*ꦧꦱꦠꦤ꧀ꦝꦶꦪ
*ꦧꦱꦠꦁꦏꦺꦴ
*ꦧꦱꦠꦂꦥꦶꦪ
*ꦧꦱꦠꦻꦴꦱꦺ
*ꦧꦱꦠꦺꦧꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦠꦺꦥ꦳ꦫꦺꦴ
*ꦧꦱꦠꦺꦲꦶꦠ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦠꦺꦴꦧꦠꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦠꦺꦴꦥ꦳ꦤ꧀ꦩ
*ꦧꦱꦠꦺꦴꦮꦺꦪꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦠꦿꦶꦩꦸꦫꦶꦱ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦠ꧀ꦱꦻꦴꦏꦩ꧀ꦧꦺꦴ
*ꦧꦱꦠꦸꦁꦒꦫꦺ
*ꦧꦱꦈꦤ
*ꦧꦱꦈꦫꦸꦮꦁꦤꦶꦫꦶꦤ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦈꦱ꧀ꦏꦸ꧇꧕꧇
*ꦧꦱꦮ꦳ꦶꦪꦶꦢ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦮ꦳ꦶꦠꦺꦴꦈ
*ꦧꦱꦮꦧꦺꦴ
*ꦧꦱꦮꦻꦒꦺꦪꦺꦴ
*ꦧꦱꦮꦭꦏ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦮꦩ꧀ꦧꦺꦴꦤ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦮꦤ꧀ꦢꦩꦺꦤ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦮꦁꦒꦺꦴꦩ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦮꦤꦺꦴ
*ꦧꦱꦮꦫꦺꦩ꧀ꦧꦺꦴꦫꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦮꦫꦺꦱ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦮꦫꦶꦱ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦮꦫꦶꦠꦻ
*ꦧꦱꦮꦂꦏꦪ꧀ꦧꦶꦥꦶꦩ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦮꦫꦺꦴꦥꦺꦤ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦮꦻꦴꦪꦻ
*ꦧꦱꦮꦺꦴꦮꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦮꦺꦴꦭꦻ
*ꦧꦱꦮꦺꦴꦫꦶꦪ
*ꦧꦱꦪꦲꦢꦶꦪꦤ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦪꦭꦺꦏꦺꦴꦱꦫꦺꦏ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦪꦭꦶꦄꦁꦒꦸꦫꦸꦏ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦪꦭꦶꦤꦶꦤꦶꦪ
*ꦧꦱꦪꦭꦶꦭꦺꦩ꧀ꦧꦃ
*ꦧꦱꦪꦐꦪ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦪꦂꦱꦸꦤ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦪꦻꦴꦂ
*ꦧꦱꦪꦮ
*ꦧꦱꦪꦺꦪꦶ
*ꦧꦱꦪꦺꦭ꧀ꦩꦺꦏ꧀
*ꦧꦱꦪꦺꦫꦺꦠꦸꦮꦂ
*ꦧꦱꦪꦺꦠ꧀ꦥ꦳
*ꦧꦱꦪꦺꦴꦏꦺ
*ꦧꦱꦗ꦳ꦺꦴꦫꦺꦴꦥ꧀
ꦥꦿꦶꦩꦶꦠꦶꦥ꦳꧀

꧋**ꦥꦿꦶꦩꦶꦠꦶꦥ꦳꧀**ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦏꦧꦸꦢꦪꦤ꧀ꦩꦱꦫꦏꦠ꧀ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦆꦤ꧀ꦝꦶꦮ꦳ꦶꦢꦸꦠꦶꦤꦩ꧀ꦠꦸꦱꦶꦁꦢꦸꦫꦸꦁꦱꦿꦮꦸꦁꦏꦫꦺꦴꦢꦺꦴꦚꦚ꧀ꦗꦧꦲꦸꦠꦮꦲꦢꦺꦴꦃꦱꦏꦥꦼꦫꦢꦧꦤ꧀꧉ꦥꦿꦶꦩꦶꦠꦶꦥ꦳꧀ꦤ꧀ꦝꦸꦮꦺꦲꦂꦠꦶꦲꦺꦴꦫꦏꦼꦤꦭ꧀ꦩꦫꦁꦥꦼꦫꦢꦧꦤ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦲꦺꦴꦫꦏꦼꦤꦭ꧀ꦩꦫꦁꦏꦼꦱꦺꦴꦥꦤꦤ꧀ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦠꦠꦏꦿꦩ꧉

꧋ꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦁꦥꦿꦶꦩꦶꦠꦶꦥ꦳꧀ꦲꦱꦿꦶꦁꦏꦒꦸꦤꦏꦏꦏꦺꦲꦶꦁꦏꦧꦸꦢꦪꦤ꧀ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦩꦱꦫꦏꦠ꧀ꦱꦶꦁꦲꦸꦫꦶꦥꦺꦲꦶꦱꦶꦃꦒꦸꦩꦤ꧀ꦠꦸꦁꦩꦫꦁꦄꦭꦩ꧀ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦲꦺꦴꦫꦱꦿꦮꦸꦁꦏꦫꦺꦴꦢꦺꦴꦚꦚ꧀ꦗꦧ꧉
Kumbang Tanduk

**Kumbang tanduk** utawa **bangbung** ( *Oryctes rhinocerus* ) iku salah siji jinis kumbang badhak ( *Dynastinae* ) sing nyebar ing Asia Kidul-Wétan, wétan nganti pulo Irian, sisih lor nganti pulo Formosa .  Kumbang dewasa wernane ireng utawa coklat peteng. 

## Referensi
Kopi Liberika

**Kopi Liberika** yaiku jinis kopi sing asale saka Liberia lan Afrika Kulon, sing uga dadi jeneng kopi iki. Kopi Liberica tuwuh liar ing wilayah Afrika kalebu Angola, Benin, Kamerun, Afrika Tengah, Kongo, Pantai Gading, Gabon, Gana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Sao Tomé, Sierra Leone, Sudan, lan Uganda. Kopi iki bisa tuwuh nganti dhuwur 9 meter saka lemah. Ing abad kaping 19, kopi jinis iki diimpor menyang Indonesia kanggo ngganti kopi Arabika sing diserang hama.

## Sejarah ing Indonesia 
Ing taun 1878 Walanda nggawa kopi Liberica menyang Indonesia kanggo ngganti tanduran kopi Arabika sing rusak amarga teyeng godhong utawa Hemelia vastatrixi (HV). Nanging, ing taun 1907, tanduran Liberica ngalami bab sing padha karo Arabica . Meh kabeh perkebunan kopi Liberica sing ana ing dataran rendah rusak amarga penyakit teyeng godhong. Sanajan daya tahan kopi Liberica marang penyakit teyeng godhong luwih apik tinimbang Arabica, nanging ora tahan kaya kopi Robusta. Mula pamaréntah Walanda ngganti Liberika nganggo jinis Robusta.

Ing Jambi, kopi iki dibudidayakan ing Kuala Tungka l, Kopi Komposit Liberika Tungkal iki unik lan khas amarga dibudidayakake ing tlatah gambut kanthi tingkat keasaman sing cukup dhuwur. Saiki kopi Liberika Tungkal dibudidayakake dening masyarakat kecamatan Betara, Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat . Umume masyarakat Kabupaten Betara ngolah kopi nganti tahap *kacang ijo* . Iki amarga peralatan pangolahan kopi isih winates. Kanggo produk kanthi bentuk *kacang ijo* acak, wong biasane ngolah kanthi mandiri. Kopi Liberika Tungkal pikantuk pengakuan Hak Paten lan Sertifikat Indikasi Geografis saking Dirjen Kekayaan Intelektual, Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Republik Indonesia ing rangkaian acara Hari Dharma Karyadhika 2015 ing Kementerian Hukum dan HAM. Bangunan Hak Asasi Manungsa.

Kopi Liberica misuwur banget ing Kalimantan. Alesane, kopi iki cocok banget yen ditanam ing lahan gambut. Kopi jinis iki dianggep cocok kanggo karakteristik cuaca ing Kalimantan. Salah sawijine kopi ing Pulo Kalimantan diprodhuksi saka Kebon Kopi Sumber Kebun Kopi Liberika saka Desa Podorukun, Kecamatan Seponti, Kabupaten Kayong Utara, sing wis dilatih langsung wiwit taun 2017 kanthi jeneng kelompok tani “Cahaya Kayong. Seponti". Kopi Liberika saka Kecamatan Seponti, Kabupaten Kayong Utara iki wis entuk penghargaan ing Lomba Tantangan Kopi Dunia Spanyol 2022.

## Karakteristik 
Kopi iki nduweni sawetara ciri:

# Ukuran godhong, cabang, kembang, woh lan wit luwih gedhe tinimbang kopi Arabika lan Robusta .
# Cabang utama bisa tahan luwih suwe lan luwih akeh kembang utawa woh bisa katon ing siji simpul tinimbang Kosala sapisan.
# Luwih sensitif marang penyakit HV.
# Kualitas woh relatif kurang.
# Produksi Sedheng, (4,-5 ku/ha/thn) kanthi hasil ± 12%
# Woh-wohan ing saindhenging taun.
# Ukuran woh ora rata / ora seragam
# Tuwuh apik ing dataran rendah .

Sawetara jinis kopi Liberia sing wis diimpor menyang Indonesia kalebu Ardonian lan Durvei .

## Pranala njaba 
* WinssCoffee  
* Komunitas Kopi Indonesia - Forum Komunitas Pecinta Kopi Indonesia 

## Referensi 
* Kopi Liberica 
* referensi 1
* referensi 2
ꦥꦼꦫꦢꦧꦤ꧀

꧋**ꦥꦼꦫꦢꦧꦤ꧀**ꦭꦸꦩꦿꦲꦺꦤ꧀ꦢꦸꦮꦺꦠꦼꦒꦼꦱ꧀ꦢꦸꦮꦸꦂꦕꦼꦤ꧀ꦝꦼꦏꦺꦧꦸꦢꦪꦩꦱꦫꦏꦠ꧀ꦠꦶꦤꦼꦤ꧀ꦠꦸ꧉ꦱꦶꦁꦢꦶꦧꦶꦗꦶꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦥꦩꦶꦏꦶꦫꦤ꧀ꦥꦩꦶꦏꦶꦫꦤ꧀ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦥꦩꦶꦏꦶꦫꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦲꦸꦫꦶꦥ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦩꦱꦫꦏꦠ꧀ꦩꦻꦴ꧈ꦲꦸꦒꦠꦸꦩꦶꦤ꧀ꦝꦏ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦧꦸꦢꦪꦏꦁꦲꦮꦸꦗꦸꦣ꧀ꦥ꦳ꦶꦱꦶꦏ꧀ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦄꦂꦠꦺꦥ꦳ꦏ꧀ꦠꦸꦭꦝꦤꦺꦥꦼꦂꦏꦏꦱ꧀ꦥꦮꦺꦴꦤ꧀꧈ꦎꦩꦃꦭꦤ꧀ꦭꦶꦪꦤꦺ꧉

## ꦲꦸꦏꦸꦫꦤ꧀ꦥꦼꦫꦢꦧꦤ꧀
꧋ꦥꦼꦫꦢꦧꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦏꦶꦤ꧀ꦢꦸꦮꦺꦏꦻꦠꦤ꧀ꦫꦏꦺꦠ꧀ꦏꦫꦺꦴꦏꦧꦸꦢꦪꦤ꧀ꦲꦩꦂꦒꦏꦁꦢꦶꦲꦸꦏꦸꦂꦲꦶꦏꦸꦏꦱꦶꦭ꧀ꦏꦱꦶꦭ꧀ꦱꦏꦏꦧꦸꦢꦪꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦮꦸꦗꦸꦢꦺ꧇ꦥꦼꦩꦶꦏꦶꦫꦤ꧀ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦆꦢꦺ꧈ꦥꦼꦫꦶꦭꦏꦸꦭꦤ꧀ꦏꦱꦶꦭ꧀ꦧꦸꦢꦪꦏꦁꦤ꧀ꦢꦸꦮꦺꦮꦸꦗꦸꦣ꧀ꦥ꦳ꦶꦱꦶꦏ꧀꧈ꦲꦸꦏꦸꦫꦤ꧀ꦢꦸꦮꦸꦂꦲꦸꦠꦮꦕꦼꦤ꧀ꦝꦼꦏꦺꦥꦼꦫꦢꦧꦤ꧀ꦭꦸꦩꦿꦲꦺꦢꦶꦲꦸꦏꦸꦂꦱꦏꦥꦫꦩꦺꦠꦼꦂꦥꦼꦫꦩꦺꦠꦼꦂꦏꦁꦲꦸꦩꦸꦩ꧀ꦲꦸꦥꦩꦤꦺꦭꦸꦮꦶꦃꦲꦥꦶꦏ꧀ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦏꦸꦫꦁꦲꦥꦶꦏ꧀‌꧈ꦭꦸꦮꦶꦃꦲꦭꦸꦱ꧀ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦏꦸꦫꦁꦲꦭꦸꦱ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦭꦶꦪꦤꦺ꧉ꦢꦝꦶꦠꦼꦒꦼꦱꦺꦏꦁꦢꦝꦶꦲꦸꦏꦸꦫꦤ꧀ꦥꦼꦫꦢꦧꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦭꦸꦩꦿꦲꦺꦲꦗꦶꦲꦗꦶꦱꦏꦏꦱꦶꦭ꧀ꦧꦸꦢꦪꦲꦸꦥꦩꦤꦺ꧇ꦏꦺꦱꦺꦤꦶꦪꦤ꧀꧈ꦏꦮꦿꦸꦃ꧈ꦠꦠꦩꦱꦫꦏꦠ꧀ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦤꦒꦫꦭꦤ꧀ꦭꦶꦪꦤꦺ꧉

## ꦥꦼꦫꦢꦧꦤ꧀ꦏꦸꦤ
꧋ꦲꦶꦁꦗꦩꦤ꧀ꦏꦸꦤꦮꦶꦱ꧀ꦲꦤꦥꦼꦫꦢꦧꦤ꧀ꦥꦼꦫꦢꦧꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦮꦶꦱ꧀ꦧꦶꦱꦢꦶꦲꦁꦒꦼꦥ꧀ꦢꦸꦮꦸꦂꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦫꦤꦺ:
*ꦥꦼꦫꦢꦧꦤ꧀ꦊꦩ꧀ꦧꦃꦤꦶꦭ꧀ꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦲꦶꦁꦩꦼꦱꦶꦂꦗꦩꦤ꧀ꦏꦸꦤ
*ꦥꦼꦫꦢꦧꦤ꧀ꦩꦺꦱꦺꦴꦥꦺꦴꦠꦩꦶꦪꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦲꦶꦁꦆꦫꦏ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦏꦶꦮꦠꦼꦔꦼꦤꦺꦗꦩꦤ꧀ꦏꦸꦤ
*ꦥꦼꦫꦢꦧꦤ꧀ꦊꦩ꧀ꦧꦃꦆꦤ꧀ꦝꦸꦱ꧀ꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦲꦶꦁꦆꦤ꧀ꦝꦶꦪꦭꦤ꧀ꦥꦏꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦤ꧀ꦗꦩꦤ꧀ꦏꦸꦤ
*ꦥꦼꦫꦢꦧꦤ꧀ꦊꦩ꧀ꦧꦃꦲꦺꦴꦮꦁꦲꦺꦴꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦲꦶꦁꦕꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦗꦩꦤ꧀ꦏꦸꦤ

## ꦥꦼꦫꦢꦧꦤ꧀ꦗꦩꦤ꧀ꦱꦲꦶꦏꦶ
꧋ꦈꦏꦸꦫꦤ꧀ꦥꦼꦫꦢꦧꦤ꧀ꦗꦩꦤ꧀ꦱꦲꦶꦏꦶꦭꦸꦩꦿꦲꦺꦢꦶꦲꦸꦏꦸꦂꦱꦏꦥꦼꦔꦸꦮꦱꦲꦤ꧀ꦔꦺꦭ꧀ꦩꦸꦭꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦏ꧀ꦤꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴꦒꦶꦭꦤ꧀ꦧꦶꦱꦢꦶꦲꦸꦏꦸꦂꦔꦁꦒꦺꦴꦥꦫꦩꦺꦠꦼꦂꦥꦫꦩꦺꦠꦼꦂꦏꦁꦮꦶꦱ꧀ꦗꦼꦭꦱ꧀ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦩꦺꦃꦄꦧ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦏ꧀꧉ꦲꦗꦶꦲꦗꦶꦥꦼꦫꦢꦧꦤ꧀ꦱꦏꦠꦶꦁꦏꦃꦭꦏꦸ꧈ꦠꦠꦏꦿꦩ꧈ꦱꦺꦴꦥꦤ꧀ꦱꦤ꧀ꦠꦸꦤ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦭꦶꦪꦤꦺꦭꦸꦩꦿꦲꦺꦔꦭꦩꦶꦥꦼꦫꦺꦴꦧꦲꦤ꧀ꦲꦗꦶ꧉
ꦥꦼꦫꦁ

꧋**ꦥꦼꦫꦁ**ꦥꦸꦤꦶꦏꦱꦠꦸꦁꦒꦶꦭꦶꦁꦏꦮꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤꦤ꧀ꦏꦏꦺꦫꦱꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦏꦁꦔꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦧꦿꦺꦴꦲꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦧꦿꦺꦴ꧈ꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦥ꦳꧀ꦭꦶꦏ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦏꦭꦮꦶꦪꦂꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦮꦶꦱ꧀ꦏꦭꦶꦃꦏꦼꦭꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦏ꧀ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦶꦭꦁꦏꦸꦁ꧉ꦥꦼꦫꦁꦱꦒꦼꦢ꧀ꦢꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦮꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤꦏꦼꦤ꧀ꦏꦤ꧀ꦛꦶꦱꦶꦩꦸꦭ꧀ꦠꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦱꦠꦸꦁꦒꦭ꧀ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦶꦭꦁꦏꦸꦁꦩꦺꦢꦤ꧀ꦭꦒꦲꦸꦠꦮꦶꦛꦺꦪꦠꦼꦂꦱ꧀꧉ꦲꦶꦁꦱꦠꦸꦁꦒꦶꦭꦶꦁꦩꦺꦢꦤ꧀ꦭꦒ꧈ꦱꦒꦺꦣ꧀ꦏꦺꦩꦮꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦮꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦱꦠꦸꦁꦒꦭ꧀ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦶꦭꦁꦏꦸꦁꦏꦩ꧀ꦥꦚꦼꦩꦶꦭꦶꦠꦺꦂ꧉ꦱꦮꦺꦤꦺꦃꦄꦏ꧀ꦱꦶꦩꦶꦭꦶꦠꦺꦂꦮꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦱꦭꦺꦧꦺꦠꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦏꦩ꧀ꦥꦚꦼꦩꦶꦭꦶꦠꦺꦂꦭꦶꦩꦿꦲꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦏꦱꦺꦧꦠ꧀ꦥꦼꦂꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦫꦤ꧀꧈ꦱꦤꦗꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦂꦩꦶꦤꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴꦒꦶꦥꦸꦤꦶꦏꦏꦢꦁꦏꦮꦶꦱ꧀ꦧꦺꦴꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦱꦒꦺꦣ꧀ꦢꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦫꦥꦏꦺꦤ꧀ꦮꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦥꦼꦂꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦫꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦏꦁꦩꦶꦒꦸꦤꦲꦏꦺꦤ꧀ꦩꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦂꦩꦧꦸꦂ꧈ꦥꦼꦭꦸꦫꦸꦏꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦭꦶꦲꦸꦠꦮꦶꦧꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦧꦺꦴꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦩꦶꦒꦸꦤꦲꦏꦺꦤ꧀ꦮꦣꦾꦧꦭꦢꦫꦠ꧀ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦶꦱꦼꦒꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦤ꧀꧈

꧋ꦥꦼꦂꦏꦮꦶꦱ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦏꦁꦱꦒꦺꦣ꧀ꦤ꧀ꦝꦢꦺꦴꦱꦏꦺꦤ꧀ꦥꦼꦫꦁꦭꦶꦩꦿꦲꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦫꦸꦩꦶꦠ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦮꦸꦗꦸꦣ꧀ꦮꦂꦤꦶꦮꦂꦤꦶꦩꦱꦭꦃ꧉ꦲꦸꦥꦩꦶꦕꦼꦕꦺꦴꦁꦏꦿꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦸꦮꦸꦃꦧꦧ꧀ꦮꦶꦒꦠꦶ꧈ꦏꦣꦺꦴꦱ꧀ꦠ:ꦠ꧀ꦭꦠꦃ꧈ꦏꦢꦻꦴꦭꦠꦤ꧀꧈ꦱꦸꦩ꧀ꦧꦼꦂꦢꦪꦲꦸꦠꦮꦶꦆꦢꦺꦪꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴꦒꦶꦏꦩꦁꦏꦥꦼꦫꦸꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦔꦤꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦒꦒꦭ꧀‌꧈ꦱꦒꦺꦣ꧀ꦤꦸꦮꦸꦲꦏꦺꦤ꧀ꦥꦼꦫꦁ꧉ꦮꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦧꦸꦏꦸꦤꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦏꦁꦲꦱꦼꦱꦶꦫꦃ*ꦮꦂꦧꦼꦥ꦳ꦺꦴꦫꦺꦕꦶꦮ꦳ꦶꦭꦶꦗ꦳ꦠꦶꦪꦺꦴꦤ꧀*꧈ꦭꦮꦿꦺꦚ꧀ꦕꦺꦲ꧀꧈ꦏꦼꦄꦼꦊꦪ꧀‌ꦱꦠꦸꦁꦒꦶꦭꦶꦁꦥꦿꦺꦴꦥ꦳ꦺꦱꦺꦴꦂꦱꦏꦶꦁꦪꦸꦤꦶꦮ꦳ꦺꦂꦱꦶꦠꦶꦎꦥ꦳꧀ꦆꦭ꧀ꦭꦶꦤꦺꦴꦮꦶꦱ꧀꧈ꦔꦺꦠꦁꦪꦺꦤ꧀ꦏꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦏꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦤ꧀꧇꧙꧐꧇-꧇꧙꧕꧇%ꦱꦏꦶꦁꦏꦺꦴꦩꦸꦤꦶꦠꦱ꧀ꦠꦂꦠꦩ꧀ꦠꦸꦤꦠꦺ꧈ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦶꦱꦏꦺꦢꦶꦏꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦏꦭꦏꦭꦩꦒꦺꦥꦺꦴꦏꦤ꧀ꦏꦭꦶꦪꦤ꧀ꦥꦼꦫꦁ꧈ꦭꦤ꧀ꦏꦛꦃꦲꦶꦁꦏꦁꦠꦼꦫꦸꦱ꧀ꦩꦼꦤꦼꦫꦸꦱ꧀꧈

꧋ꦱꦠꦸꦁꦒꦶꦭꦶꦁꦥꦼꦫꦁꦱꦒꦺꦣ꧀ꦢꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦮꦶꦮꦶꦠꦶꦏꦤ꧀ꦛꦶꦣꦺꦏ꧀ꦭꦫꦱꦶꦉꦱ꧀ꦩꦶꦩ꧀ꦭꦶꦒꦶꦤꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦮꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦥꦼꦫꦁꦆꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦂꦤꦱꦶꦪꦺꦴꦤꦭ꧀꧉ꦲꦼꦮꦺꦴꦱꦺꦩꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦩꦶꦠꦸꦫꦸꦠ꧀ꦱꦗꦫꦃꦭꦤ꧀ꦏꦢꦝꦺꦴꦱꦤ꧀ꦚꦠ꧈ꦧꦺꦴꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦱꦧꦼꦤ꧀ꦥꦼꦫꦁꦠꦤ꧀ꦱꦃꦢꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦮꦶꦮꦶꦠꦶꦢꦺꦤꦶꦁꦢꦺꦏ꧀ꦭꦫꦱꦶꦩꦏꦠꦺꦤ꧀‌꧈ꦏꦭꦺꦧꦺꦠ꧀ꦮꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦥꦼꦫꦁꦱꦢꦺꦫꦺꦏ꧀꧉
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## ꦕꦫꦤꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦥꦼꦫꦁ
꧋ꦕꦫꦲꦶꦁꦏꦁꦧꦏꦸꦏꦁꦒꦺꦔꦪꦃꦲꦶꦥꦼꦫꦁꦱꦔꦼꦠ꧀ꦒꦸꦩꦤ꧀ꦠꦸꦁꦝꦸꦩꦠꦼꦁꦮꦶꦪꦂꦫꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦱꦱꦫꦤ꧀꧈ꦏꦊꦧꦺꦠ꧀ꦧꦧ꧀ꦧꦧ꧀ꦏꦢꦺꦴꦱ꧀ꦢꦺꦤꦺꦔꦽꦧꦠ꧀ꦠ꧀ꦭꦠꦃ꧈ꦔ꧀ꦭꦸꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦃꦲꦏꦼꦤ꧀ꦤꦒꦫꦶꦱꦲꦶꦁꦔꦤ꧀꧈ꦔꦿꦶꦱꦏꦏꦺꦤ꧀ꦏꦩꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦮꦤ꧀ꦩꦼꦁꦱꦃꦱꦸꦥꦢꦺꦴꦱ꧀ꦧꦺꦴꦠꦼꦤ꧀ꦱꦒꦼꦢ꧀ꦔꦮꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦤꦤ꧀ꦏꦼꦤ꧀ꦲꦏ꧀ꦱꦶꦩꦶꦭꦶꦠꦺꦂ꧈ꦔꦸꦮꦲꦺꦴꦱ꧀ꦱꦶꦗꦭ꧀ꦩꦶꦱꦤꦺꦱ꧀ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦶꦔꦏꦺꦤꦶꦏꦁꦤ꧀ꦢꦸꦤꦸꦁꦔꦶꦥꦿꦶꦧꦸꦩꦶꦢꦢꦺꦴꦱ꧀ꦤꦒꦫꦶꦲꦶꦁꦏꦁꦩꦶꦱꦃ꧈ꦔꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦱ꧀ꦢꦸꦩꦸꦒꦶ*ꦥꦺꦩ꧀ꦧꦤ꧀ꦠꦲꦶꦪꦤ꧀ꦲꦺꦠ꧀ꦤꦶꦱ꧀*(ꦒꦺꦤꦺꦴꦕꦶꦢꦺ)꧉ꦭꦶꦩꦿꦃꦲꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦱꦧꦺꦤ꧀ꦲꦏ꧀ꦱꦶꦩꦶꦭꦶꦠꦺꦂꦢꦺꦤꦶꦁꦱꦠꦸꦁꦒꦶꦭꦶꦁꦤꦒꦫꦶꦭꦗꦺꦁꦢꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦭꦮꦤ꧀ꦢꦺꦤꦶꦁꦱꦠꦸꦁꦒꦭ꧀ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦶꦭꦁꦏꦸꦁꦤꦒꦫꦶꦱꦤꦺꦱ꧀ꦱꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀꧉ꦥꦿꦩꦶꦭ꧈ꦱꦱꦫꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦏꦁꦥꦺꦴꦏꦺꦴꦏ꧀ꦱꦏꦶꦁꦱꦮꦺꦤꦺꦃꦤꦒꦫꦶꦢꦢꦺꦴꦱ꧀ꦤꦺꦴꦩꦺꦂꦏꦭꦶꦃꦠꦶꦤꦶꦩ꧀ꦧꦁꦱꦱꦫꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦏꦁꦭꦁꦏꦸꦁꦚꦺꦫꦺꦒ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦒꦶꦃꦥꦸꦤꦶꦏꦔꦶꦕꦭꦏꦺꦤ꧀ꦏꦏꦸꦮꦠ꧀ꦠꦤ꧀ꦩꦼꦁꦱꦃ꧉ꦧꦧ꧀ꦥꦸꦤꦶꦏꦱꦒꦼꦢ꧀ꦢꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦲꦪꦃꦲꦶꦏꦤ꧀ꦛꦶꦕꦫꦔꦼꦥꦸꦁ꧈ꦔꦚ꧀ꦕꦸꦫꦏꦺꦤ꧀ꦮꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦥꦭꦒꦤ꧀꧈ꦤ꧀ꦢꦩꦼꦭ꧀ꦩꦺꦁꦱꦃꦱꦸꦥꦢꦺꦴꦱ꧀ꦩ꧀ꦭꦗꦼꦁꦲꦸꦠꦮꦶꦠꦏ꧀ꦭꦸꦏ꧀꧈ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦶꦔꦚ꧀ꦕꦸꦂꦫꦏꦺꦤ꧀ꦩꦺꦁꦱꦃꦏꦤ꧀ꦛꦶꦕꦫꦲꦶꦁꦏꦁꦧꦺꦴꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦭꦁꦱꦸꦁꦱꦼꦥꦼꦂꦠꦺꦴꦱ꧀ꦚꦺꦧꦫꦏꦺꦤ꧀ꦊꦭꦫꦲꦸꦠꦮꦶ*ꦏꦼꦭꦸꦮꦺꦤ꧀*꧉

## ꦫꦸꦗꦸꦏ꧀ꦏꦤ꧀
## ꦒ꧀ꦭꦢꦿ 
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ꦄꦤꦂꦏꦶꦱ꧀ꦩꦼ

꧋**ꦄꦤꦂꦏꦶ**ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦶ**ꦄꦤꦂꦏꦶꦱ꧀ꦩꦼ**ꦥꦸꦤꦶꦏꦱꦗꦠꦶꦤꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦱꦠꦸꦁꦒꦶꦭꦶꦁꦲꦭꦶꦫꦤ꧀ꦥꦸꦭꦶꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦏꦁꦤꦺꦴꦭꦏ꧀ꦥꦥꦿꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦲꦤ꧀꧈ꦢꦝꦺꦴꦱ꧀ꦏꦻꦴꦩ꧀ꦲꦤꦂꦏꦶꦱ꧀ꦥꦸꦤꦶꦏꦧꦺꦴꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦥꦸꦫꦸꦤ꧀ꦩꦤꦮꦶꦥꦥꦿꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦲꦤ꧀ꦥꦸꦤꦶꦏꦢꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦮꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦤꦏꦺꦤ꧀꧈ꦒꦤ꧀ꦠꦶꦤꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦒꦶꦃꦤꦩꦸꦁꦢꦺꦮꦤ꧀ꦢꦺꦮꦤ꧀ꦲꦭꦶꦠ꧀ꦏꦺꦩꦮꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦠꦶꦁꦏꦠ꧀ꦢꦱꦂ꧉ꦥꦩꦫꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦲꦤ꧀ꦥꦸꦱꦠ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦒꦶꦃꦢꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦕꦭꦶ꧉

꧋ꦤꦔꦶꦁꦲꦶꦁꦧꦱꦭꦸꦩꦿꦃꦱꦢꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀‌ꦲꦱꦿꦶꦁꦄꦤꦂꦏꦶꦢꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦒꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦔꦏꦺꦤ꧀ꦏꦭꦶꦪꦤ꧀ꦠꦶꦤ꧀ꦢꦏ꧀ꦧꦺꦴꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦩꦮꦶꦠꦁꦒꦸꦁꦗꦮꦧ꧀ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦶꦔꦿꦶꦱꦏ꧀꧈ꦢꦝꦺꦴꦱ꧀ꦏꦮꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦤꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦝꦶꦧꦺꦴꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦮꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦏꦁꦱꦒꦼꦣ꧀ꦔꦠꦸꦂ꧉

## ꦲꦸꦒꦢꦼꦊꦁꦔꦼꦤ꧀
*ꦥꦿꦠꦺꦭꦤ꧀ꦮꦔꦸꦤ꧀ꦥꦥꦿꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦲꦤ꧀
*ꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦭꦶꦠꦶꦏ꧀
*ꦥꦸꦭꦶꦠꦶꦏ꧀

## ꦥꦿꦤꦭꦚ꧀ꦗꦧ
* Anarki dan stigmatisasi Psikologis Pikiran Rakyat 15 Agustus 2007
* Apindo gugat tindakan Anarki Pikiran Rakyat 6 Mèi 2006
* Asal kata anarki  Pustaka Otonomis
ꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦁꦢꦺꦴꦭꦤꦤ꧀

꧋**ꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦁꦢꦺꦴꦭꦤꦤ꧀**ꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦗꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦁꦉꦫꦶꦥ꧀ꦠꦒꦒꦿꦏ꧀ꦲꦚꦂꦏꦁꦲꦺꦴꦫꦔꦁꦒꦺꦴꦥꦻꦴꦒꦺꦫꦤ꧀ꦒꦠꦿ꧈ꦒꦸꦫꦸꦭꦒꦸ꧈ꦒꦸꦫꦸꦮꦶꦭꦔꦤ꧀꧈ꦭꦤ꧀ꦢꦺꦴꦁꦢꦶꦁ꧉ꦤꦔꦶꦁ꧈ꦧꦶꦪꦱꦢꦶꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦔꦏꦺꦢꦺꦤꦶꦁꦧꦺꦴꦕꦃꦧꦺꦴꦕꦃꦕꦶꦭꦶꦏ꧀꧈ꦩ꧀ꦭꦶꦒꦶꦲꦶꦁꦥꦢꦺꦱꦤ꧀‌꧈ꦱꦶꦤꦩ꧀ꦧꦶꦢꦺꦴꦭꦤꦤ꧀ꦧꦼꦧꦫꦺꦔꦤ꧀ꦏꦫꦺꦴꦏꦚ꧀ꦕꦏꦚ꧀ꦕꦤꦺꦭꦤ꧀ꦧꦶꦱꦢꦶꦧꦉꦔꦶꦮꦶꦫꦩꦤꦶꦁꦒꦼꦤ꧀ꦝꦶꦁꦗꦮ꧉ꦭꦸꦩꦤ꧀ꦠꦂꦭꦒꦸꦢꦺꦴꦭꦤꦤ꧀‌꧈ꦧꦺꦴꦕꦃꦧꦺꦴꦕꦃꦏꦮꦤꦸꦲꦏꦺꦧꦧ꧀ꦱꦠꦺꦴꦏꦺꦮꦤ꧀‌꧈ꦱꦠꦺꦴꦲꦶꦮꦺꦤ꧀‌꧈ꦛꦼꦛꦸꦏꦸꦭꦤ꧀‌ꦠꦼꦠꦸꦮꦸꦲꦤ꧀꧈ꦧꦼꦧꦿꦪꦤ꧀‌꧈ꦭꦶꦁꦏꦸꦔꦤ꧀ꦲꦭꦩ꧀‌꧈ꦭꦤ꧀ꦱꦥꦤꦸꦁꦒꦭꦤꦺ꧉

꧋ꦏꦢꦁꦏꦭꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦁꦢꦺꦴꦭꦤꦤ꧀ꦲꦸꦒꦢꦶꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦔꦏꦺꦢꦺꦤꦶꦁꦮꦫꦁꦒꦤꦱꦗꦼꦫꦺꦴꦤꦶꦁꦱ꧀ꦮꦱꦤꦠꦶꦤꦩ꧀ꦠꦸꦲꦶꦁꦥꦒꦼꦭꦫꦤ꧀ꦮꦪꦁꦏꦸꦭꦶꦠ꧀꧈

꧋ꦲꦶꦏꦶꦏꦕꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦔꦸꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦭꦏꦺꦱꦾꦆꦂꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦁꦢꦺꦴꦭꦤꦤ꧀ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦁꦏꦁꦏꦼꦉꦥ꧀ꦢꦶꦲꦸꦤꦺꦏ꧀ꦏꦺꦧꦺꦴꦕꦃꦧꦺꦴꦕꦃ꧉

*ꦕꦸꦧ꧀ꦭꦏ꧀ꦕꦸꦧ꧀ꦭꦏ꧀ꦱꦸꦮꦼꦁ
*ꦒꦗꦃꦒꦗꦃ
*ꦒꦩ꧀ꦧꦁꦱꦸꦭꦶꦁ
*ꦒꦸꦤ꧀ꦢꦸꦭ꧀ꦥꦕꦸꦭ꧀
*ꦗꦩꦸꦫꦤ꧀
*ꦗꦫꦤꦤ꧀
*ꦏꦶꦢꦁꦠꦭꦸꦤ꧀
*ꦏꦸꦥꦸꦏꦸꦮꦶ
*ꦭꦶꦂꦲꦶꦭꦶꦂ
*ꦩꦼꦤ꧀ꦛꦺꦴꦏ꧀ꦩꦺꦤ꧀ꦛꦺꦴꦏ꧀
*ꦥꦝꦁꦧꦸꦭꦤ꧀
*ꦥꦶꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦠꦸꦏꦸꦁ
*ꦱꦸꦮꦺꦲꦺꦴꦫꦗꦩꦸ
*ꦠꦺꦏꦠꦺꦢꦶꦥꦤꦃ
*ꦗꦺꦴꦛꦁꦲꦭꦁꦲꦭꦁ

## ꦫꦸꦗꦸꦏꦤ꧀
*ꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦁꦢꦺꦴꦭꦤꦤ꧀ꦮꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀ꦱꦠꦼꦔꦲꦶꦃꦒ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦧꦭꦶꦱꦱꦶ

## ꦥꦿꦤꦭꦚ꧀ꦗꦧ 
* ꦏꦶꦢꦼꦩꦁꦱꦶꦠꦸꦱ꧀ꦱꦸꦠꦿꦺꦱ꧀ꦤꦗꦮ
* ꦧꦕꦕ:ꦠꦥ꦳꧀ꦱꦶꦂ'ꦢꦺꦴꦭꦤꦤ꧀'
* ꦧꦸꦏꦸꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦁꦢꦺꦴꦭꦤꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦱꦼꦏꦺꦴꦭꦃꦢꦱꦂ
ꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦭꦪꦁ

thumb|250px|ꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦭꦪꦁꦲꦶꦁꦗꦭꦸꦂꦥꦤ꧀ꦠꦸꦫꦔ꧀ꦭꦶꦮꦠꦶꦏꦮꦱꦤ꧀ꦏꦸꦛ
꧋**ꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦭꦪꦁ**ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦁꦢꦶꦧꦔꦸꦤ꧀ꦲꦺꦴꦫꦱꦼꦧꦶꦢꦁꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦔꦼꦤ꧀ꦝꦤꦶꦭꦭꦢꦤ꧀/ꦏꦮꦱꦤ꧀ꦩꦕꦼꦠ꧀‌꧈ꦔ꧀ꦭꦶꦮꦠꦶꦱꦶꦩ꧀ꦥꦔꦤ꧀ꦏꦫꦺꦴꦫꦶꦭ꧀ꦱꦼꦥꦸꦂꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦔꦸꦤ꧀ꦝꦏꦏꦺꦏꦕꦺꦥꦺꦠꦤ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦏꦱ꧀ꦭꦩꦺꦠꦤ꧀꧈

## ꦥꦿꦤꦭꦚ꧀ꦗꦧ
* Mengelola Kolong Jembatan Layang dengan Cerdas
* Jalan Layang Hanya Solusi Sementara 

## ꦫꦺꦥ꦳ꦼꦫꦺꦤ꧀ꦱꦶ
ꦝꦺꦩꦺꦴꦏꦿꦱꦶ

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꧋**ꦝꦺꦩꦺꦴꦏꦿꦱꦶ**ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦮꦔꦸꦤ꧀ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦩꦺꦏꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦩꦼꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦩ꧀ꦥꦥꦿꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦲꦤ꧀ꦱꦮꦶꦗꦶꦤꦶꦁꦤꦒꦫꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏꦲꦸꦥꦪꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏꦏꦢꦻꦴꦭꦠꦤ꧀ꦫꦏꦾꦠ꧀(ꦏꦏꦸꦮꦱꦤ꧀ꦮꦂꦒꦤꦒꦫ)ꦱꦢꦸꦮꦸꦫꦶꦁꦤꦒꦫꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦢꦶꦠꦶꦤ꧀ꦢꦏꦏꦺꦢꦺꦤꦶꦁꦥꦩꦫꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦃꦤꦒꦫꦩꦻꦴ꧉

꧋ꦱꦭꦃꦱꦶꦗꦶꦥꦶꦭꦂꦝꦺꦩꦺꦴꦏꦿꦱꦶꦪꦆꦏꦸꦥꦿꦶꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦥ꧀*ꦠꦿꦶꦪꦱ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦭꦶꦠꦶꦕ*ꦏꦁꦩꦺꦫꦁꦏꦠꦺꦭꦸꦏꦏꦸꦮꦱꦤ꧀ꦥꦸꦭꦶꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦤꦒꦫ(ꦌꦏ꧀ꦱꦺꦏꦸꦠꦶꦥ꦳꧀꧈ꦪꦸꦢꦶꦏꦠꦶꦥ꦳꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦭꦺꦒꦶꦱ꧀ꦭꦠꦶꦥ꦳꧀)ꦏꦁꦒ꧀ꦒꦺꦴꦢꦶꦮꦸꦗꦸꦢꦏꦺꦱꦗꦼꦫꦺꦴꦤꦶꦁꦠꦼꦭꦸꦁꦗꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦊꦩ꧀ꦧꦒꦤꦒꦫꦏꦁꦆꦤ꧀ꦢꦼꦥꦺꦤ꧀ꦢꦼꦤ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦱꦗꦗꦂꦱꦶꦗꦶꦭꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦗꦶꦤꦺ꧉ꦏꦱꦺꦗꦗꦫꦤ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦆꦤ꧀ꦢꦼꦥꦺꦤ꧀ꦢꦼꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦏꦠꦼꦭꦸꦗꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦊꦩ꧀ꦧꦒꦤꦒꦫꦆꦏꦶꦢꦶꦥꦼꦂꦭꦺꦴꦏꦏꦺꦱꦸꦥꦪꦏꦠꦺꦭꦸꦊꦩ꧀ꦧꦒꦤꦒꦫꦆꦏꦶꦧꦶꦱꦱꦶꦭꦶꦃꦔꦮꦱꦶꦭꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦭꦶꦃꦔꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦺꦴꦭ꧀ꦢꦼꦢꦱꦂꦥꦿꦶꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦥ꧀*ꦕ꧀ꦲꦼꦕ꧀ꦏ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦄꦤ꧀ꦝ꧀ꦧꦭꦚ꧀ꦕꦺꦱ꧀*꧉

## ꦲꦸꦒꦢꦼꦊꦁꦔꦼꦤ꧀
*ꦮꦔꦸꦤ꧀ꦥꦥꦿꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦲꦤ꧀
*ꦥꦿꦠꦺꦭꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦥꦶꦏ꧀ꦏꦁꦩꦒꦺꦥꦺꦴꦏꦤ꧀ꦏꦫꦺꦴꦥꦸꦭꦶꦠꦶꦏ꧀
*ꦏꦺꦴꦂꦥꦺꦴꦫꦠꦺꦴꦏꦿꦱꦶ
*ꦢꦺꦩꦂꦏꦶ
**ꦣꦺꦩꦺꦴꦕꦿꦕ꧀ꦪ꧀*꧈ꦄꦤ꧀꧇꧑꧘꧘꧐꧇ꦤꦺꦴꦮ꦳ꦺꦭ꧀ꦧ꧀ꦪ꧀ꦲꦼꦤ꧀ꦫ꧀ꦪ꧀ꦄꦢꦩ꧀ꦱ꧀꧉
**ꦣꦼꦩꦺꦴꦕꦿꦕ꧀ꦪ꧀ꦆꦤ꧀ꦄꦩꦺꦫꦶꦕ*꧈ꦄꦭꦺꦏ꧀ꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦝꦼꦠꦺꦴꦕ꧀ꦐꦸꦮꦺꦮ꦳ꦶꦭ꧀ꦭꦺ'ꦱ꧀ꦥ꦳ꦩꦺꦴꦲꦸꦱ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦭꦶꦠꦶꦕꦭ꧀ꦄꦤ꧀ꦝ꧀ꦕꦸꦭ꧀ꦠꦸꦫꦭ꧀ꦄꦤꦭ꧀ꦪ꧀ꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦎꦥ꦳꧀ꦄꦩꦺꦫꦶꦕꦤ꧀ꦢꦺꦩꦺꦴꦕꦿꦕꦶ꧈
*ꦒ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦧꦭꦶꦱꦱꦶꦢꦺꦩꦺꦴꦏꦿꦠꦶꦏ꧀
*ꦥꦺꦤ꧀ꦢꦺꦩꦺꦴꦏꦿꦱꦶꦪꦤ꧀
*ꦢꦶꦱꦥ꧀ꦥꦿꦺꦴꦮ꦳ꦭ꧀ꦮ꦳ꦺꦴꦠꦶꦁ
*ꦢꦺꦩꦺꦴꦏꦿꦱꦶꦪꦺ—ꦩꦼꦁꦒꦸꦤꦏꦤ꧀ꦏꦺꦴꦩꦸꦤꦶꦏꦱꦶꦌꦭꦺꦏ꧀ꦠꦿꦺꦴꦤꦶꦏ꧀ꦈꦤ꧀ꦠꦸꦏ꧀ꦩꦼꦤꦶꦁꦏꦠ꧀ꦏꦤ꧀ꦥꦿꦺꦴꦱꦺꦱ꧀ꦢꦺꦩꦺꦴꦏꦿꦱꦶ꧉
*ꦫꦸꦩꦃꦏꦺꦧꦺꦧꦱꦤ꧀—ꦱ꧀ꦕꦺꦴꦫꦺꦱ꧀ꦄꦭ꧀ꦭ꧀ꦤꦠꦶꦪꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦎꦤ꧀ꦕꦶꦮ꦳ꦶꦭ꧀ꦭꦶꦧꦺꦂꦠꦶꦪꦺꦱ꧀ꦄꦤ꧀ꦝ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦭꦶꦠꦶꦕꦭ꧀ꦫꦶꦒ꦳꧀ꦠ꧀ꦱ꧀
*ꦣꦺꦩꦺꦴꦏꦿꦱꦶꦆꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦂꦤꦺꦠ꧀
*ꦛꦼꦏ꧀ꦪ꧀ꦏ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦱ꧀
*ꦭꦶꦧꦺꦫꦭꦶꦱ꧀ꦩꦺ
*ꦩꦺꦫꦶꦠꦺꦴꦏꦿꦱꦶ
*ꦥ꧀ꦭꦸꦠꦺꦴꦏꦿꦱꦶ
*ꦥꦼꦭꦗꦂꦈꦤ꧀ꦠꦸꦏ꧀ꦝꦺꦩꦺꦴꦏꦿꦱꦶꦒ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦧꦭ꧀
*ꦛꦺꦪꦺꦴꦏꦿꦱꦶ
*ꦣꦺꦩꦺꦴꦏꦿꦱꦶꦠꦺꦴꦠꦭꦶꦠꦫꦶꦪꦤ꧀
*ꦣꦺꦩꦺꦴꦏꦿꦱꦶꦏꦺꦱꦸꦏꦸꦮꦤ꧀

## ꦥꦿꦤꦭꦚ꧀ꦗꦧ
* Beyond Plutocracy — Free online book, "Beyond Plutocracy: True Democracy for America" by Roger Rothenberger.
* Brief review of trends in political change: freedom and conflict — Review of trends in democracy over the last century and last decades, and review of related political trends.
* Democracy and Civilized Nations 
* Democracy  in the Open Directory Project
* Democracy in the Cyber Age — Article on the changing shape of democracy around the world.
* Democracy Watch (International) — Worldwide democracy monitoring organization.
* Democratic Deficit 
* The Democratic State - A Critique of Bourgeois Sovereignty
* dgGovernance — Collection of resources on key issues of democracy and nation-building
* Dictionary of the History of Ideas: Democracy 
* E-Democracy.Org — Non-profit using the net to build democracy in local communities.
* e.thePeople  — Site promoting the people's practical connection to democracy.
* Libraries and Democracy 
* The National Initiative for Democracy
* New York Times argument against the "Development first, democracy later" idea
* Publicus.Net — Steven Clift's articles on democracy in the information age.
* simpol.org — Plan to limit global competition and facilitate the emergence of a sustainable, sane global civilization.
* Separation of powers
* Students for Global Democracy
* Why democracy is wrong  (note: some content in German).
ꦒꦿꦺꦤ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦭꦩ꧀

꧋ꦠꦸꦂꦤꦩꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦸꦂꦤꦩꦺꦤ꧀***ꦒꦿꦼꦤ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦭꦩ꧀***ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦱꦼꦧꦸꦠꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦤꦺꦥꦠꦁꦏꦗꦸꦮꦫꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦤꦼꦱ꧀ꦥꦶꦤꦸꦚ꧀ꦗꦸꦭ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦢꦺꦴꦚ꧈ꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦎꦴꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦭꦶꦪꦠꦼꦂꦧꦸꦏ꧈ꦮꦶꦩ꧀ꦧ꧀ꦭꦺꦢꦺꦴꦤ꧀꧈ꦄꦱꦠꦼꦂꦧꦸꦏ꧈ꦭꦤ꧀ꦥꦿꦚ꧀ꦕꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦼꦂꦧꦸꦏ(ꦫꦺꦴꦭꦤ꧀ꦝ꧀ꦒꦂꦫꦺꦴꦱ꧀)꧉ꦥꦩꦻꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦁꦏ꧀ꦱꦶꦭ꧀ꦚ꧀ꦗꦸꦮꦫꦤꦶꦏꦥꦥꦠ꧀ꦒꦼꦭꦂꦩꦻꦴꦱꦗꦼꦫꦺꦴꦤꦶꦁꦱꦼꦠꦻꦴꦤ꧀ꦏꦫꦤ꧀ꦮꦶꦱ꧀ꦏꦱꦶꦭ꧀ꦔ꧀ꦒꦪꦸꦃ*ꦒꦿꦺꦤ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦭꦩ꧀*꧉ꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦁ*ꦒꦿꦺꦤ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦭꦩ꧀*ꦢꦺꦮꦺꦲꦶꦏꦸꦲꦱꦭꦺꦱꦏꦲꦸꦭꦃꦫꦒꦏꦼꦂꦠꦸ꧈ꦧꦿꦶꦢ꧀ꦒꦼ꧉
ꦱꦼꦠꦾꦧꦸꦢꦶꦲꦂꦠꦤ꧀ꦠ

꧋**ꦱꦼꦠꦾꦧꦸꦢꦶꦲꦂꦠꦤ꧀ꦠ** ()ꦥꦸꦤꦶꦏꦄꦠ꧀ꦭꦺꦠ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦥꦠ꧀ꦲꦢꦺꦴꦃꦢꦶꦥ꦳ꦧꦼꦭ꧀ꦆꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦤꦺꦱꦶꦪ꧉
ꦱꦺꦥꦏ꧀ꦠꦏꦿꦺꦴ

[thumb|200px|ꦧꦭ꧀ꦱꦺꦥꦏ꧀ꦠꦏꦿꦺꦴꦱꦏ[ꦫꦺꦴꦠꦤ꧀]]
꧋**ꦱꦺꦥꦏ꧀ꦠꦏꦿꦺꦴ**ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦗꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦲꦸꦭꦃꦫꦒꦕꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦫꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦢꦶꦗꦸꦥꦸꦏ꧀ꦱꦏꦧꦭ꧀ꦧꦭꦤ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦮ꦳ꦺꦴꦭꦶꦧꦭ꧀꧈ꦏꦁꦧꦶꦱꦢꦶꦩꦻꦤꦏꦺꦲꦶꦁꦭꦥꦔꦤ꧀ꦢꦺꦴꦧꦼꦭ꧀ꦏꦪꦠꦭꦥꦔꦤ꧀ꦧꦢ꧀ꦩꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀꧈ꦲꦸꦒꦫꦺꦴꦤꦶꦁꦥꦿꦠꦸꦫꦤ꧀ꦗꦸꦫꦸꦩꦻꦤ꧀ꦲꦺꦴꦫꦧꦶꦱꦚꦼꦏꦼꦭ꧀ꦧꦭ꧀ꦏꦫꦺꦴꦠꦔꦤ꧀꧉ꦏꦗꦸꦮꦫꦲꦤ꧀ꦥꦭꦶꦁꦩꦶꦱꦸꦮꦸꦂꦏꦁꦲꦤꦲꦶꦁꦕꦧꦁꦲꦶꦏꦶꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦥꦶꦪꦭꦫꦗꦏꦗꦸꦮꦫꦄꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦚ꧈ꦏꦁꦥꦸꦁꦏꦱꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦠꦶꦤ꧀ꦝꦏꦏꦺꦲꦶꦁꦧꦁꦏꦺꦴꦏ꧀꧈ꦛꦻꦭꦤ꧀ꦢ꧀꧉
ꦲꦺꦊꦩ꧀

thumb|right|200px|ꦲꦺꦊꦩ꧀ꦏꦁꦢꦶꦁꦒꦺꦴꦮꦺꦴꦁꦤꦸꦩ꧀ꦥꦏ꧀ꦩꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴꦂ
thumb|right|200px|ꦲꦺꦊꦩ꧀ꦥꦼꦫꦁ
thumb|200px|ꦮꦺꦴꦁꦮꦢꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦩꦶꦒꦸꦤꦏꦺꦲꦺꦊꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦠ꧀ꦲꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦛꦺꦭ꧀
thumb|200px|ꦲꦺꦊꦩ꧀ꦪꦱꦤ꧀
꧋**ꦲꦺꦊꦩ꧀**ꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦥꦶꦫꦤ꧀ꦠꦶꦏꦁꦤꦸꦠꦸꦥ꧀ꦲꦤꦲꦶꦁꦱꦶꦫꦃ/ꦲꦼꦤ꧀ꦝꦱ꧀꧈ꦏꦁꦢꦶꦒꦮꦺꦱꦏꦧꦲꦤ꧀ꦗꦧꦱꦶꦁꦲꦠꦺꦴꦱ꧀ꦲꦺꦴꦫꦒꦩ꧀ꦥꦁꦥꦼꦕꦃ꧈ꦭꦸꦩꦿꦲꦺꦢꦶꦒꦮꦺꦱꦏꦮꦗ꧈ꦮꦼꦱꦶ꧈ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦥ꧀ꦭꦱ꧀ꦠꦶꦏ꧀꧉ꦩꦸꦩ꧀ꦥꦔꦠꦺꦲꦺꦭ꧀ꦩ꧀ꦧꦶꦱꦲꦸꦒꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦔꦼꦭꦶꦤ꧀ꦢꦸꦔꦶꦱꦶꦫꦃꦲꦶꦁꦥꦼꦫꦁ(ꦩꦶꦭꦶꦠꦺꦂ)꧈ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦥꦺꦔꦮꦺꦪꦤ꧀ꦱꦢꦶꦤꦢꦶꦤꦏꦪꦠꦈꦭꦃꦫꦒ꧈ꦥꦼꦠꦩ꧀ꦧꦔꦤ꧀꧈ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦤꦸꦩ꧀ꦥꦏ꧀ꦩꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴꦂ꧉ꦲꦺꦭ꧀ꦩ꧀ꦲꦸꦒꦧꦶꦱꦢꦸꦮꦺꦩꦸꦩ꧀ꦥꦔꦠ꧀ꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦔꦼꦭꦶꦤ꧀ꦢꦸꦔꦶꦮꦱ꧀ꦥꦢꦤꦺꦲꦤꦲꦶꦁꦱꦶꦫꦃꦱꦏꦠꦶꦧꦤ꧀ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦱꦏꦗꦼꦧ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦏꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦧꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦂ꧉

## ꦗꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀
### ꦲꦺꦊꦩ꧀ꦥꦼꦫꦁ
꧋ꦲꦶꦁꦲꦮꦭꦺꦲꦺꦭ꧀ꦩ꧀ꦝꦶꦩꦸꦩ꧀ꦥꦔꦠꦏꦺꦲꦶꦁꦥꦶꦫꦤ꧀ꦠꦶꦱꦏꦏꦭ꧀ꦩ꧀ꦧꦶꦗ꦳ꦶꦫꦃ꧈ꦲꦶꦁꦥꦼꦫꦢꦧꦤ꧀ꦪꦸꦤꦤꦶꦏꦸꦤ꧈ꦫꦺꦴꦩꦮꦶꦏ꧀ꦭꦱꦶꦏ꧀꧈ꦱꦗꦼꦫꦺꦴꦤꦶꦁꦗꦩꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦔꦲꦤ꧀‌꧈ꦔꦤ꧀ꦠꦶꦲꦏꦶꦂꦄꦧꦢ꧀꧇꧑꧗꧇ꦚꦼꦱꦼꦏ꧀ꦤꦶꦩꦸꦩ꧀ꦥꦔꦠꦺꦲꦺꦭ꧀ꦩ꧀ꦏꦤ꧀ꦛꦶꦲꦩ꧀ꦧꦺꦴꦲꦶꦁꦌꦫꦺꦴꦥꦃꦔꦤ꧀ꦠꦶꦗꦼꦥꦁ꧉ꦧꦶꦱꦲꦸꦒꦢꦶꦲꦫꦤꦶꦩꦸꦩ꧀ꦥꦔꦠꦺꦲꦺꦭ꧀ꦩ꧀ꦲꦺꦴꦫꦲꦤꦩꦸꦩ꧀ꦥꦁꦔꦠꦺꦏꦗꦧꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦥꦺꦫꦁ꧉ꦲꦺꦭ꧀ꦩ꧀ꦲꦸꦒꦧꦶꦱꦔꦼꦭꦶꦤ꧀ꦢꦸꦔꦶꦲꦶꦁꦱꦶꦫꦃꦱꦏꦥꦸꦱꦏꦩꦸꦱꦸꦃ꧈ꦩꦠꦥꦤꦃ꧈ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦠꦿꦧꦱꦤ꧀ꦥꦺꦭꦺꦴꦂ(ꦥꦼꦭꦸꦫꦸ)꧉ꦥꦶꦒꦸꦤꦤꦺꦲꦺꦭ꧀ꦩ꧀ꦲꦺꦴꦫꦩꦶꦱꦸꦮꦸꦂꦲꦶꦁꦠꦲꦸꦤ꧀꧇꧑꧖꧗꧐꧇ꦲꦶꦁꦱꦗꦼꦫꦺꦴꦤꦶꦁꦥꦺꦭꦺꦴꦂꦲꦶꦁꦧꦼꦢꦺꦭ꧀ꦏꦁꦧꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦂꦩꦭꦾꦸꦤꦺ꧉

꧋ꦲꦶꦁꦗꦩꦤ꧀ꦤꦥꦺꦴꦭꦺꦪꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦥꦶꦒꦸꦤꦏꦏꦺꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦔꦸꦏꦸꦲꦏꦺꦲꦶꦁꦥꦿꦗꦸꦫꦶꦠ꧀ꦏꦁꦢꦶꦭꦤ꧀ꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦏꦮ꦳ꦭꦺꦫꦶ꧉ꦩꦸꦩ꧀ꦥꦔꦠꦺꦄꦂꦠꦶꦭꦺꦫꦶꦲꦧꦺꦴꦠ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦥꦼꦫꦁꦢꦺꦴꦚ꧇꧑꧇ꦤꦸꦢꦸꦲꦏꦺꦥꦶꦒꦸꦤꦤꦺꦲꦺꦭ꧀ꦩ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦥꦿꦗꦸꦫꦶꦠ꧀ꦏꦁꦥꦠꦶꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦔꦸꦫꦔꦶꦥꦠꦶꦤꦺꦏꦸꦂꦧꦤ꧀ꦲꦩꦂꦒꦕꦶꦥꦿꦠꦤ꧀ꦧꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦲꦠꦻꦴ*ꦱ꧀ꦕ꧀ꦲꦿꦥ꧀ꦤꦺꦭ꧀*ꦏꦁꦗꦼꦧ꧀ꦭꦸꦒ꧀꧈ꦱꦗꦼꦫꦺꦴꦤꦶꦁꦥꦼꦫꦁꦢꦺꦴꦚꦏꦥꦶꦁꦭꦺꦴꦫꦺꦴꦭꦤ꧀ꦲꦺꦭ꧀ꦩ꧀ꦮꦶꦮꦶꦠ꧀ꦢꦶꦥꦶꦒꦸꦤꦏꦏꦺꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦥꦶꦫꦤ꧀ꦠꦶꦏꦁꦮꦗꦶꦧ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦥꦿꦗꦸꦫꦶꦠ꧀꧈

### ꦲꦺꦊꦩ꧀ꦩꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴꦂ
꧋ꦲꦺꦭ꧀ꦩ꧀ꦏꦁꦢꦶꦥꦶꦒꦸꦤꦏꦏꦺꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦲꦶꦁꦱꦶꦫꦃ꧈ꦔꦼꦭꦶꦤ꧀ꦢꦸꦔꦶꦱꦏꦲꦤꦤꦺꦏꦼꦕꦼꦭꦏꦲꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦥꦫꦮꦺꦴꦁꦏꦁꦩꦶꦒꦸꦤꦏꦏꦺꦩꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴꦂꦱꦗꦼꦫꦺꦴꦤꦶꦁꦤꦠꦤꦶꦠꦠꦭꦭꦸꦭꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦱ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦢꦭꦤ꧀꧈ꦱꦼꦥꦶꦱꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦮꦗꦶꦧꦏꦺꦲꦶꦁꦆꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦤꦺꦱꦶꦪꦲꦶꦁꦥꦶꦩ꧀ꦥꦶꦤꦤ꧀ꦏꦥꦸꦭꦶꦱꦶꦪꦤ꧀ꦫꦶꦲꦸꦒꦺꦁ꧈ꦤꦔꦶꦁꦢꦶꦠꦺꦴꦭꦏ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦩꦱꦫꦏꦠ꧀‌꧈ꦧꦚ꧀ꦗꦸꦂꦢꦶꦏꦸꦏꦸꦲꦏꦺꦲꦶꦁꦈꦤ꧀ꦢꦁꦈꦤ꧀ꦢꦁꦉꦱ꧀ꦩꦶꦲꦶꦁꦈꦈꦤꦺꦴ꧇꧑꧔꧇ꦠꦲꦸꦤ꧀꧇꧑꧙꧙꧒꧇꧉

꧋ꦲꦺꦭ꧀ꦩ꧀ꦩꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴꦂꦧꦶꦱꦢꦶꦏꦼꦭꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦏꦏꦺꦲꦶꦁꦱꦗꦼꦫꦺꦴꦤꦶꦁꦮꦸꦗꦸꦢꦺꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦲꦺꦭ꧀ꦩ꧀ꦱꦥꦫꦺꦴꦱꦶꦫꦃ(*ꦲꦭ꧀ꦥ꦳꧀ꦥ꦳ꦕꦺ*)꧈ꦠꦼꦭꦸꦁꦥꦿꦥꦠ꧀/ꦧꦏꦸ(*ꦎꦥꦼꦤ꧀ꦥ꦳ꦕꦼ*)ꦭꦤ꧀ꦲꦺꦭ꧀ꦩ꧀ꦕꦏꦶꦭ꧀(*ꦥ꦳ꦸꦭ꧀ꦭ꧀ꦥ꦳ꦕꦺ*)꧉ꦲꦺꦭ꧀ꦩ꧀ꦧꦏꦸꦲꦶꦏꦸꦲꦺꦭ꧀ꦩ꧀ꦏꦁꦤꦸꦠꦸꦥ꧀ꦱꦶꦫꦃꦏꦧꦺꦃ꧈ꦢꦶꦒꦮꦺꦱꦏꦧꦲꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦲꦺꦴꦫꦒꦩ꧀ꦥꦁꦥꦼꦕꦃ꧈ꦭꦥꦶꦱꦤ꧀ꦚ꧀ꦗꦼꦫꦺꦴꦤꦺꦢꦶꦒꦮꦺꦱꦏ*ꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦫꦺꦥ꦳ꦺꦴꦩ꧀*꧈ꦔꦁꦒꦺꦴꦠꦭꦶꦱꦶꦁꦔꦸꦚ꧀ꦕꦶꦲꦸꦠꦮꦢꦶꦠꦭꦶ꧈ꦱꦸꦥꦪꦲꦁꦒꦼꦂꦠꦧꦿꦏꦤ꧀ꦲꦺꦭ꧀ꦩ꧀ꦲꦺꦴꦫꦩꦺꦚ꧀ꦕꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴꦠ꧀꧈ꦲꦺꦭ꧀ꦩ꧀ꦲꦸꦒꦲꦺꦴꦫꦁꦩꦸꦁꦢꦶꦲꦁꦒꦺꦴꦢꦺꦤꦶꦁꦥꦼꦔꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦫꦩꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴꦂꦤꦁꦒꦶꦁꦲꦸꦒꦱꦶꦁꦩ꧀ꦧꦺꦴꦚ꧀ꦕꦺꦁ꧉

### ꦲꦺꦊꦩ꧀ꦥꦶꦠ꧀
꧋ꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦲꦺꦭ꧀ꦩ꧀ꦏꦁꦩꦸꦩ꧀ꦥꦔꦠꦺꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦮꦺꦴꦁꦏꦁꦤꦸꦩ꧀ꦥꦏ꧀ꦥꦶꦠ꧀ꦱꦼꦥꦺꦢ꧈ꦮꦸꦗꦸꦢꦺꦭꦸꦮꦶꦃꦫꦶꦁꦏꦺꦱ꧀ꦢꦶꦧꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦔꦏꦺꦱꦏꦲꦺꦭ꧀ꦩ꧀ꦩꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴꦂ꧉ꦲꦶꦁꦭꦭꦢꦤ꧀ꦆꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦤꦺꦱꦶꦪꦢꦸꦫꦸꦁꦢꦶꦮꦗꦶꦧꦏꦺꦩꦶꦁꦒꦸꦤꦏꦏꦺꦲꦺꦭ꧀ꦩ꧀ꦱꦼꦥꦺꦢ꧈ꦤꦒ꧀ꦒꦶꦁꦲꦏꦺꦃꦏꦁꦩꦶꦒꦸꦤꦏ꧀ꦏꦺꦲꦶꦁꦱꦏꦶꦠꦺꦫꦺꦩꦱꦫꦏꦠ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦤꦸꦩ꧀ꦥꦏ꧀ꦱꦼꦥꦺꦢꦲꦶꦁꦱꦢꦶꦤꦢꦶꦤꦩ꧀ꦭꦶꦒꦶꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦤꦸꦩ꧀ꦥꦏ꧀ꦱꦼꦥꦺꦢꦲꦶꦁꦭꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦧꦲꦸꦠꦮꦲꦶꦁꦭꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦧꦱꦼꦥꦺꦢꦒꦸꦤꦸꦁ꧈ꦲꦺꦭ꧀ꦩ꧀ꦩꦶꦱꦸꦮꦸꦂꦢꦶꦮꦗꦶꦧꦏꦺ꧉

### ꦲꦺꦊꦩ꧀ꦪꦱꦤ꧀(ꦧꦠꦺꦴꦏ꧀)
꧋ꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦲꦺꦭ꧀ꦩ꧀ꦏꦁꦢꦶꦒꦮꦺꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦔꦼꦭꦶꦤ꧀ꦢꦸꦔꦶꦠꦶꦧꦤꦺꦧꦫꦁꦲꦠꦺꦴꦱ꧀ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦩꦠꦿꦶꦪꦭ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦱꦗꦼꦫꦺꦴꦤꦶꦁꦩ꧀ꦧꦒꦸꦤ꧀ꦲꦺꦴꦩꦃꦲꦸꦠꦮꦲꦶꦁꦭꦭꦢꦤ꧀ꦠꦩ꧀ꦧꦁ

## ꦲꦸꦒꦢꦼꦊꦁꦔꦼꦤ꧀
*ꦥꦶꦠ꧀

## ꦥꦿꦤꦭꦚ꧀ꦗꦧ
* SNI 1811-2007 Helm Pengendara Kendararaan Bermotor Roda Dua
* Memilih Helm dan Jinis Sertifikatnya
* Kapan Sebaiknya Mengganti Helm
ꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦭꦶꦠꦶꦏ꧀

꧋**ꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦭꦶꦠꦶꦏ꧀**ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦔꦼꦤꦤꦶꦥꦸꦭꦶꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦥꦥꦿꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦲꦤ꧀꧉ꦭꦸꦩꦿꦲꦺꦢꦶꦧꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦔꦏꦺꦏꦫꦺꦴꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦩ꧀ꦲꦸꦏꦸꦩ꧀꧈ꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦩ꧀ꦌꦏꦺꦴꦤꦺꦴꦩꦶ꧈ꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦢꦪ꧈ꦭꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦩ꧀ꦱꦺꦴꦱꦶꦪꦭ꧀ꦭꦶꦪꦤꦺ꧉ꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦭꦶꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦧꦺꦢꦏꦫꦺꦴꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦩ꧀ꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦩ꧀ꦩꦻꦴ꧈ꦭꦤ꧀ꦭꦸꦩꦿꦲꦺꦧꦶꦱꦢꦶꦗ꧀ꦭꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦺꦲꦏꦺꦱꦗꦼꦫꦺꦴꦤꦶꦁꦱ꧀ꦥꦺꦏ꧀ꦠꦿꦸꦩ꧀ꦱꦏꦏꦶꦮꦩꦤꦺꦔꦺꦤ꧀‌꧈ꦏꦪꦠꦏꦸꦩꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦩꦼ꧈ꦄꦤꦂꦏꦶꦱ꧀ꦩꦼ꧈ꦱꦺꦴꦱꦶꦪꦭꦶꦱ꧀ꦩꦼ꧈ꦥ꦳ꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦩꦼꦭꦤ꧀ꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦱꦺꦂꦮ꦳ꦠꦶꦱ꧀ꦩꦼ꧉ꦤꦔꦶꦁꦲꦺꦴꦫꦲꦤꦮꦔꦸꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦩꦸꦂꦤꦶ꧈ꦩꦸꦭꦤꦺꦲꦏꦺꦃꦲꦏꦺꦃꦲꦺꦫꦢꦲꦤꦲꦶꦁꦠꦼꦔꦃꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦢꦸꦤꦸꦔꦺꦏꦥꦶꦠꦭꦶꦱ꧀ꦩꦺ꧉ꦎꦴꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦭꦶꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦕꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦱꦶꦁꦥꦱ꧀ꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏꦤꦒꦫꦲꦶꦁ"ꦠꦼꦔꦃꦠꦼꦔꦼꦤ꧀"꧉

## ꦒꦩ꧀ꦧꦫꦤ꧀
ꦲꦤꦱꦮꦠꦫꦢꦺꦥ꦳ꦶꦤꦶꦱꦶ"ꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦭꦶꦠꦶꦏ꧀"꧇

*ꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦭꦶꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦱꦺꦠ꧀ꦏꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦥ꧀ꦭꦶꦠ꧀ꦱꦏꦆꦤ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦠꦶꦠꦸꦱꦶ꧈ꦎꦂꦒꦤꦶꦱꦱꦶꦥꦸꦭꦶꦠꦶꦏ꧀꧈ꦏꦼꦭꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦏ꧀ꦏꦥꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦶꦔꦤ꧀(ꦏꦪꦢꦺꦤꦺꦥꦂꦠꦺꦥꦸꦭꦶꦠꦶꦏ꧀꧈ꦥꦼꦂꦱꦠꦸꦮꦤ꧀ꦥꦺꦣꦒꦁ꧈ꦏꦼꦭꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦏ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦧꦶ)꧈ꦒꦪꦸꦠꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦤ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦠꦶꦠꦸꦱꦶꦆꦤ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦠꦶꦠꦸꦱꦶꦩꦻꦴꦏꦫꦺꦴꦤꦺꦴꦂꦩꦥꦸꦭꦶꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦲꦠꦸꦫꦤ꧀ꦄꦠꦸꦫꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦔꦠꦸꦂꦥ꦳ꦸꦁꦱꦶꦤꦺ(ꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦠꦶꦠꦸꦱꦶ꧈ꦥꦩꦶꦭꦶꦲꦤ꧀ꦲꦸꦏꦸꦩ꧀)꧉
*ꦱꦮꦶꦗꦶꦤꦶꦁꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦭꦶꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦢꦸꦩꦢꦶꦱꦏꦲꦁꦒꦺꦴꦠꦎꦂꦒꦤꦶꦱꦱꦶꦱꦺꦴꦱꦶꦪꦭ꧀(ꦒꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴꦔꦤ꧀)ꦏꦁꦢꦸꦮꦺꦏꦏꦸꦮꦱꦤ꧀꧈
*ꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦭꦶꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦩ꧀ꦏꦁꦏꦸꦢꦸꦢꦸꦮꦺꦭꦺꦴꦫꦺꦴꦏꦭꦺꦁꦏꦥꦤ꧀‌꧈ꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸ꧇ꦱꦥꦺꦫꦁꦏꦠ꧀ꦏꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦤꦺꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦥꦢꦒꦤ꧀ꦠꦸꦁꦒꦸꦩꦤ꧀ꦠꦸꦁꦭꦤ꧀ꦮꦠꦼꦱ꧀ꦮꦠꦼꦱꦺꦏꦫꦺꦴꦭꦶꦁꦏꦸꦔꦤ꧀ꦲꦭꦩ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦫꦏ꧀ꦱꦶꦏꦭꦺꦴꦫꦺꦴꦏꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦤꦺꦤ꧀ꦩꦻꦴ꧉
*ꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦭꦶꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦱꦺꦥ꧀ꦏꦁꦏꦤ꧀ꦛꦶꦠꦺꦪꦺꦴꦫꦶꦢꦶꦲꦁꦒꦺꦥ꧀ꦕꦫꦥꦩꦫꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦃꦔ꧀ꦒꦮꦺꦏꦮꦶꦕꦏ꧀ꦱꦤꦤ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦲꦸꦒꦢꦝꦶꦭꦸꦮꦶꦃꦠꦸꦩꦠꦲꦶꦁꦧꦧ꧀ꦄꦣ꧀ꦩꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦱꦶ꧉
*ꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦭꦶꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦏꦁꦚ꧀ꦗꦒꦏꦠꦫꦠꦸꦫꦤ꧀(*ꦎꦂꦢꦼꦂ*)ꦭꦤ꧀ꦏꦮꦫꦱꦤ꧀(ꦥꦶꦏꦶꦫꦤ꧀)ꦱꦗꦼꦫꦺꦴꦤꦶꦁꦩꦱꦫꦏꦠ꧀꧈ꦭꦤ꧀ꦲꦸꦒꦩꦺꦤꦺꦃꦲꦶꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦠꦸꦩꦿꦥ꧀ꦆꦤ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦠꦶꦠꦸꦱꦶꦭꦶꦪꦩꦼꦢꦫꦏꦺꦏꦼꦭꦸꦲꦤ꧀ꦧꦧ꧀ꦲꦺꦏ꧀ꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦱꦺꦴꦱꦶꦪꦭ꧀꧈

ꦏꦼꦭꦺꦴꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦴꦏ꧀ꦱꦗꦼꦫꦺꦴꦤꦶꦁꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦭꦶꦠꦶꦏ꧀꧇

*ꦥꦺꦫꦔꦤ꧀ꦥꦺꦫꦔꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦥꦢꦒꦤ꧀ꦠꦸꦁꦒꦸꦩꦤ꧀ꦠꦸꦁ
**ꦏꦮꦂꦒꦤ꧀
**ꦥꦩꦫꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦃ
*ꦮꦠꦼꦱ꧀ꦮꦠꦼꦱ꧀
**ꦏꦮꦂꦒꦤ꧀
**ꦠ꧀ꦭꦠꦃ
**ꦲꦏ꧀ꦩꦶꦭꦶꦏ꧀

## ꦮꦔꦸꦤ꧀ꦢꦱꦂꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦭꦶꦠꦶꦏ꧀
*ꦄꦤꦂꦏꦶꦱ꧀ꦩꦼ
*ꦝꦺꦩꦺꦴꦏꦿꦱꦶ
*ꦩꦺꦴꦤꦂꦏꦶ
*ꦫꦺꦥꦸꦧ꧀ꦭꦶꦏ꧀
*ꦱꦺꦴꦱꦶꦪꦭꦶꦱ꧀ꦩꦼ
*ꦏꦱꦸꦭ꧀ꦠꦤꦤ꧀
*ꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦮꦺꦱ꧀ꦠ꧀ꦩꦶꦤ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦂ

## ꦢꦼꦊꦁꦲꦸꦒ
*ꦮꦔꦸꦤ꧀ꦥꦥꦿꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦲꦤ꧀
*ꦥꦿꦠꦺꦭꦤ꧀ꦮꦔꦸꦤ꧀ꦥꦥꦿꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦲꦤ꧀

## ꦫꦺꦥ꦳ꦺꦫꦺꦤ꧀ꦱꦶ
*Almond, Gabriel A., et al. *Comparative Politics Today: A World View* (Seventh Edition). 2000. ISBN 0316034975

## ꦥꦿꦤꦭꦚ꧀ꦗꦧ 
*Political Systems debate guide
ꦢꦠ

꧋**ꦢꦠ**ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦕꦛꦺꦠꦤ꧀ꦏꦸꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦭꦤ꧀ꦥ꦳ꦏ꧀ꦠ꧉ꦢꦠꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏꦮꦔꦸꦤ꧀ꦗꦩꦏ꧀ꦱꦏꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦁ**ꦢꦠꦸꦩ꧀**꧈ꦲꦱꦭ꧀ꦱꦏꦧꦱꦭꦠꦶꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦠꦼꦒꦼꦱꦺ"ꦱꦮꦺꦤꦺꦃꦏꦁꦢꦶꦮꦺꦤꦺꦲꦏꦺ"꧉ꦱꦗꦼꦫꦺꦴꦤꦶꦁꦥꦁꦒꦸꦤꦲꦤ꧀ꦱꦢꦶꦤꦢꦶꦤꦢꦠꦲꦠꦼꦒꦼꦱ꧀ꦱꦶꦗꦶꦥꦿꦠꦺꦭꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦢꦶꦠꦩ꧀ꦥꦏꦤ꧀ꦛꦶꦲꦥꦲꦤꦤꦺ꧉ꦥꦿꦠꦺꦭꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦏꦶꦮꦸꦗꦸꦣ꧀ꦲꦱꦶꦭ꧀ꦥꦔꦸꦏꦸꦫꦤ꧀ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦥꦔꦩꦠꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦗꦶꦮ꦳ꦫꦶꦪꦧꦺꦭ꧀ꦏꦁꦮꦔꦸꦤꦺꦧꦶꦱꦮꦸꦗꦸꦣ꧀ꦲꦁꦏ꧈ꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦁ꧈ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦕꦶꦠꦿ꧉

꧋ꦱꦗꦼꦫꦺꦴꦤꦶꦁꦏꦌꦭ꧀ꦩꦸꦮꦤ꧀(ꦌꦭ꧀ꦩꦶꦪꦃ)꧈ꦥ꦳ꦏ꧀ꦠꦢꦶꦏꦸꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦭꦏꦺꦱꦸꦥꦪꦢꦝꦶꦢꦠ꧉ꦢꦠꦧꦚ꧀ꦗꦸꦂꦢꦶꦲꦺꦴꦭꦃꦱꦲꦺꦁꦒꦧꦶꦱꦢꦶꦠꦩ꧀ꦥꦶꦭꦏꦺꦏꦤ꧀ꦛꦶꦗꦼꦭꦱ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦥꦠ꧀‌꧈ꦭꦤ꧀ꦧꦶꦱꦢꦶꦩꦔꦼꦂꦠꦺꦤꦶꦢꦺꦤꦶꦁꦮꦺꦴꦁꦭꦶꦪꦏꦁꦲꦺꦴꦫꦭꦁꦱꦸꦁꦔꦭꦩꦶꦢꦺꦮꦺ꧈ꦧꦧ꧀ꦲꦶꦏꦶꦢꦶꦗꦼꦤꦼꦁꦔꦏꦺꦢꦺꦱ꧀ꦏꦿꦶꦥ꧀ꦱꦶ꧉ꦥꦩꦶꦭꦲꦤ꧀ꦢꦠꦩꦶꦠꦸꦫꦸꦠ꧀ꦥꦼꦥꦢꦤ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦥꦿꦧꦺꦢꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦢꦶꦏꦤ꧀ꦢꦸꦠ꧀ꦢꦶꦗꦼꦤꦼꦁꦔꦏꦺꦏ꧀ꦭꦱꦶꦥ꦳ꦶꦏꦱꦶ꧉

## ꦫꦸꦗꦸꦏꦤ꧀
ꦧꦸꦫꦱ

꧋**ꦧꦸꦫꦱ**ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦏꦼꦉꦥ꧀ꦲꦸꦒꦏꦫꦤ꧀**ꦧꦸꦫꦱ꧀**꧈ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦱꦶꦗꦶꦥꦔꦤꦤ꧀ꦱꦗꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦊꦥꦼꦠ꧀ꦏꦁꦏꦒꦮꦺꦱꦏꦧꦼꦫꦱ꧀ꦏꦁꦢꦶꦩꦱꦏ꧀ꦩꦮꦱꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀꧉ꦥꦔꦤꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦏꦶꦮꦸꦗꦸꦣ꧀ꦥꦔꦤꦤ꧀ꦏ꦳ꦱ꧀ꦏꦁꦩꦶꦱꦸꦮꦸꦂꦲꦶꦁꦠ꧀ꦭꦠꦃꦱꦸꦭꦮꦼꦱꦶꦏꦶꦢꦸꦭ꧀꧉ꦧꦸꦫꦱꦧꦶꦱꦢꦶꦥꦔꦤ꧀ꦏꦫꦺꦴꦱꦩ꧀ꦧꦼꦭ꧀ꦏꦕꦁ꧈ꦌꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦒ꧀ꦒꦺꦴꦝꦺꦴꦒ꧀ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦱꦩ꧀ꦧꦼꦭ꧀ꦲꦧꦤ꧀‌꧈ꦤꦔꦶꦁꦠꦸꦩꦿꦥ꧀ꦩꦱꦫꦏꦠ꧀ꦧꦸꦒꦶꦱ꧀ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦩꦏꦱ꧀ꦱꦂ꧈ꦧꦸꦫꦱꦢꦶꦥꦔꦤ꧀ꦏꦫꦺꦴꦕꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴꦩꦏꦱ꧀ꦱꦂ꧈ꦏꦺꦴꦤꦿꦺꦴ꧈ꦥꦭ꧀ꦭꦸꦧꦱ꧈ꦤꦱꦸꦭꦺꦏ꧀ꦏꦸ(ꦥꦶꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦩꦱꦏ꧀ꦭꦲꦺꦴꦱ꧀꧇꧕꧇ꦲꦺꦂꦱꦶꦱꦸꦭꦮꦼꦱꦶꦏꦶꦢꦸꦭ꧀)ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦥꦔꦤꦤ꧀ꦩ꧀ꦭꦶꦒꦶꦩꦮꦢꦸꦢꦸꦃꦭꦶꦪꦤꦺ(ꦏꦢꦁꦏꦭꦲꦤꦏꦁꦢꦶꦥꦔꦤ꧀ꦧꦼꦧꦫꦺꦔꦤ꧀ꦏꦫꦺꦴꦧꦏ꧀ꦱꦺꦴꦲꦸꦠꦮꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦝꦁꦏꦤ꧀ꦛꦶꦗꦼꦤꦼꦁꦚꦸꦏ꧀ꦚꦁ)ꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦔ꧀ꦒꦤ꧀ꦠꦶꦥ꦳ꦸꦁꦱꦶꦤꦺꦏꦸꦥꦠ꧀꧉

## ꦫꦸꦗꦸꦏꦤ꧀
ꦠꦶꦩ꧀ꦭꦺꦴ

꧋**ꦠꦶꦩ꧀ꦭꦺꦴ**ꦲꦸꦠꦮ**ꦏꦶꦩ꧀ꦭꦺꦴ**ꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦱꦭꦃꦱꦮꦶꦗꦶꦤꦶꦁꦥꦔꦤꦤ꧀ꦱꦏꦏꦸꦛꦱꦸꦫꦏꦂꦠ꧉ꦥꦔꦤꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦏꦶꦫꦢꦩꦶꦫꦶꦥ꧀ꦏꦫꦺꦴꦱꦺꦴꦥ꧀ꦲꦤꦔꦶꦁꦮꦺꦴꦱꦺꦭꦸꦮꦶꦃꦲꦏꦺꦃ꧉ꦫꦕꦏꦺꦠꦶꦩ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦲꦶꦏꦶꦢꦶꦢꦺꦴꦭ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦮꦫꦸꦁꦱꦶꦁꦲꦸꦒꦲꦢꦺꦴꦭ꧀ꦱꦼꦭꦠ꧀‌꧈ꦱꦺꦴꦥ꧀‌꧈ꦱꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴꦭꦤ꧀ꦒꦝꦺꦴꦒꦝꦺꦴꦲꦩꦂꦒꦲꦶꦱꦶꦃꦲꦤꦒꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦁꦕꦺꦤꦺꦔꦺ꧉ꦠꦶꦩ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦲꦶꦏꦶꦢꦶꦱꦗꦺꦏꦏꦺꦲꦶꦁꦩꦁꦏꦺꦴꦏ꧀ꦩꦮꦲꦶꦱꦶꦃꦥꦤꦱ꧀꧈

## ꦕꦫꦔꦺꦴꦭꦃ
꧋ꦔ꧀ꦒꦮꦺꦠꦶꦩ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦲꦺꦴꦫꦥꦠꦶꦲꦔꦺꦭ꧀‌꧈ꦲꦤꦔꦶꦁꦠꦼꦠꦼꦥ꧀ꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦠꦸꦲꦏꦺꦏꦱꦧꦫꦤ꧀꧈

#### ꦥꦶꦫꦤ꧀ꦠꦶꦱꦶꦁꦢꦶꦕꦼꦥꦏꦏꦺ:
*ꦩꦂꦏꦸꦤꦶ
*ꦮꦺꦴꦂꦠꦼꦭ꧀
*ꦧꦶꦲꦸꦤ꧀
*ꦏꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦁꦠꦲꦸꦥꦸꦠꦶꦃ
*ꦗꦩꦸꦂꦏꦸꦥꦶꦁ
*ꦱꦺꦴꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦱꦭ꧇꧒꧇ꦮꦶꦗꦶ
*ꦲꦶꦮꦏ꧀ꦥꦶꦠꦶꦏ꧀
*ꦲꦼꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦒ꧀ꦒꦺꦴꦝꦺꦴꦒ꧀
*ꦧꦿꦩ꧀ꦧꦁꦒꦺꦴꦫꦺꦁ
*ꦢꦸꦢꦸꦃꦱꦺꦴꦥ꧀ꦱꦶꦁꦲꦶꦱꦶꦃꦥꦤꦱ꧀

jmpl|ꦧꦏꦸꦭ꧀ꦠꦶꦩ꧀ꦭꦺꦴ

#### ꦕꦫꦔ꧀ꦒꦮꦺ
#ꦒꦺꦴꦝꦺꦴꦒ꧀ꦮꦺꦴꦂꦠꦼꦭ꧀‌꧈ꦧꦶꦲꦸꦤ꧀‌꧈ꦩꦂꦏꦸꦤꦶ꧈ꦏꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦁꦠꦲꦸ꧈ꦗꦩꦸꦂꦲꦶꦁꦧꦚꦸꦲꦸꦩꦸꦧ꧀ꦏꦸꦫꦁꦭꦸꦮꦶꦃ꧇꧑꧐꧇ꦩꦼꦤꦶꦠ꧀꧈
#ꦲꦼꦤ꧀ꦠꦱ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦮꦺꦤꦺꦲꦏꦺꦩꦁꦏꦺꦴꦏ꧀꧈
#ꦲꦶꦫꦶꦱ꧀ꦱꦺꦴꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦱꦭꦭꦤ꧀ꦠꦠꦲꦶꦁꦢꦸꦮꦸꦂꦫꦺ꧉
#ꦠꦩ꧀ꦧꦲꦶꦲꦶꦮꦏ꧀ꦥꦶꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦲꦼꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦒ꧀ꦒꦺꦴꦝꦺꦴꦒ꧀꧈
#ꦱꦸꦤ꧀ꦠꦏ꧀ꦢꦸꦢꦸꦃꦱꦺꦴꦥ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦩꦁꦏꦺꦴꦏ꧀꧈
#ꦏꦼꦥꦾꦸꦫꦶꦧꦮꦁꦒꦺꦴꦫꦺꦁꦲꦶꦁꦢꦸꦮꦸꦂꦫꦺ꧉
#ꦠꦶꦩ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦧꦶꦱꦢꦶꦥꦔꦤ꧀꧈

## ꦥꦿꦤꦭꦚ꧀ꦗꦧ
ꦉꦱꦺꦥ꧀ꦩꦱꦏ꧀ꦠꦶꦩ꧀ꦭꦺꦴ 

ꦥ꦳ꦶꦢꦺꦪꦺꦴꦩꦱꦏ꧀ꦠꦶꦩ꧀ꦭꦺꦴ
ꦩꦼꦤ꧀ꦛꦺꦴꦏꦕꦁ

꧋ꦩꦼꦤ꧀ꦛꦺꦴꦏꦕꦁꦲꦶꦁꦒꦶꦃꦥꦸꦤꦶꦏꦱꦮꦶꦗꦶꦁꦥꦔꦤꦤ꧀ꦱꦏꦏꦕꦁꦧꦿꦺꦴꦭ꧀ꦱꦶꦁꦮꦶꦱ꧀ꦢꦶꦲꦸꦚ꧀ꦕꦺꦏꦶꦭꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦉꦱꦶꦏꦶꦔꦁꦒꦺꦴꦧꦚꦸ꧉ꦢꦶꦕꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦂꦏꦫꦺꦴꦒꦤ꧀ꦢꦸꦩ꧀꧈꧉꧉꧉꧉꧉
ꦠꦺꦤꦼꦱ꧀

thumb|ꦧꦭ꧀ꦠꦺꦤꦼꦱ꧀

꧋**ꦠꦺꦤꦼꦱ꧀**ꦲꦸꦠꦮ**ꦠꦺꦤꦼꦱ꧀ꦭꦥꦔꦤ꧀**ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦈꦭꦃꦫꦒꦏꦁꦩꦶꦒꦸꦤꦏꦏꦺꦫꦏꦺꦠ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦧꦭ꧀꧈ꦢꦶꦩꦻꦤꦏꦺꦲꦶꦁꦭꦥꦔꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦢꦶꦥꦫꦢꦝꦶꦭꦺꦴꦫꦺꦴꦔꦁꦒꦺꦴꦗꦫꦶꦁꦲꦸꦠꦮꦤꦺꦠ꧀꧉

## ꦱꦗꦫꦃꦠꦺꦤꦼꦱ꧀
꧋ꦩꦶꦠꦸꦫꦸꦠ꧀ꦕꦛꦺꦠꦤ꧀ꦱꦗꦫꦃ꧈ꦈꦭꦃꦫꦒꦩꦶꦒꦸꦤꦏꦏꦺꦧꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦫꦏꦺꦠ꧀ꦮꦶꦱ꧀ꦢꦶꦩꦻꦤꦏꦺꦮꦶꦮꦶꦠ꧀ꦱꦢꦸꦫꦸꦁꦔꦺꦩꦱꦺꦲꦶ꧈ꦪꦲꦶꦏꦸꦲꦶꦁꦩꦼꦱꦶꦂꦭꦤ꧀ꦪꦸꦤꦤꦶ꧉ꦲꦶꦁꦄꦧꦢ꧀ꦏꦥꦶꦁ꧇꧑꧑꧇ꦱꦗꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦢꦺꦴꦭꦤꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦢꦶꦲꦫꦤꦶ*ꦗꦼꦈꦢꦼꦥꦻꦴꦩꦺ*꧈ꦏꦁꦩꦺꦩ꧀ꦥꦼꦂꦠꦺꦤꦼꦱ꧀ꦱꦲꦶꦏꦶ꧈ꦮꦶꦱ꧀ꦢꦶꦩꦻꦤꦏꦺꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦏꦁꦱꦼꦥꦶꦱꦤꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦱꦮꦶꦗꦶꦤꦶꦁꦏꦮꦱꦤ꧀ꦆꦁꦥꦿꦚ꧀ꦕꦶꦱ꧀꧉ꦧꦭ꧀ꦏꦁꦢꦶꦥꦶꦒꦸꦤꦏꦏꦺꦢꦶꦧ꧀ꦊꦧꦼꦠ꧀ꦔꦁꦒꦺꦴꦧꦺꦴꦭꦃꦩꦮꦮꦸꦭꦸꦢꦺꦤꦺꦥꦼꦤ꧀ꦛꦸꦔꦤꦺꦩꦸꦁꦔꦁꦒꦺꦴꦠꦔꦤ꧀꧈

thumb|ꦭꦥꦔꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦤꦼꦱ꧀

## ꦠꦸꦂꦤꦩꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦤꦶꦱ꧀
ꦲꦤꦱꦮꦠꦫꦠꦸꦂꦤꦩꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦤꦼꦱ꧀ꦏꦁꦩꦶꦱꦸꦮꦸꦂ:
*ꦥꦶꦪꦭꦢꦮ꦳ꦶꦱ꧀
*ꦮꦶꦩ꧀ꦧ꧀ꦭꦺꦢꦺꦴꦤ꧀(ꦲꦸꦠꦮ*ꦏꦧꦺꦃꦆꦁꦒꦿꦶꦱ꧀*)
*ꦥꦿꦚ꧀ꦕꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦺꦂꦧꦸꦏ(ꦲꦸꦠꦮ*ꦫꦺꦴꦭꦤ꧀ꦒꦂꦫꦺꦴꦱ꧀*)
*ꦄꦱꦠꦼꦂꦧꦸꦏ
*ꦎꦴꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦭꦶꦪꦠꦼꦂꦧꦸꦏ

## ꦲꦸꦒꦢꦼꦊꦁꦔꦼꦤ꧀
*ꦥꦿꦠꦺꦭꦤ꧀ꦗꦸꦫꦸꦩꦻꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦤꦼꦱ꧀
*ꦧꦢ꧀ꦩꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀
*ꦱ꧀ꦐꦸꦮꦯ꧀
*ꦥꦶꦁꦥꦺꦴꦁ(ꦠꦺꦤꦼꦱ꧀ꦩꦺꦗ)

## ꦥꦿꦤꦭꦚ꧀ꦗꦧ 
* Majalah tennis
* PELTI
ꦏꦽꦠꦼꦒ꧀

thumb|ꦏꦽꦠꦼꦒ꧀ꦏꦁꦚꦼꦧꦿꦔꦶꦏꦭꦶꦲꦶꦁꦏꦭꦶꦄꦼꦧꦽ꧈ꦏꦠꦭꦺꦴꦤꦶꦪ꧈ꦱ꧀ꦥꦚꦺꦴꦭ꧀
ꦲꦶꦁꦏꦭꦶꦈꦩ꧀ꦧꦶꦭꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦲꦸꦤ꧀꧇꧑꧘꧙꧐꧇(ꦏꦺꦴꦭꦺꦏ꧀ꦱꦶꦠꦿꦺꦴꦎꦥꦺꦤ꧀ꦩꦸꦱꦺꦪꦸꦩ꧀)꧉]]
]]
꧋**ꦏꦽꦠꦺꦒ꧀**ꦲꦸꦠꦮ***ꦗꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦠꦤ꧀***ꦲꦶꦁꦧꦱꦆꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦤꦺꦱꦶꦪ꧈ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦮꦺꦴꦠ꧀ꦒꦼꦝꦺꦭꦤ꧀ꦲꦩ꧀ꦧꦏꦁꦚꦼꦧꦿꦔꦶꦱꦶꦗꦶꦥꦥꦤ꧀ꦠꦂꦧꦸꦏꦲꦸꦠꦮꦗꦸꦫꦁ꧉ꦭꦸꦩꦿꦲꦺꦏꦿꦼꦠꦼꦒ꧀ꦢꦶꦲꦼꦁꦒꦺꦴꦚꦼꦧꦿꦁꦏꦭꦶ꧈ꦊꦩ꧀ꦧꦃ꧈ꦗꦸꦫꦁꦭꦤ꧀ꦱꦧꦚ꧀ꦗꦸꦫꦺꦏꦁꦲꦺꦴꦫꦧꦶꦱꦢꦶꦭꦶꦮꦠꦶꦮꦺꦴꦁꦲꦸꦠꦮꦮꦲꦤ꧉ꦏꦿꦼꦠꦼꦒ꧀ꦲꦸꦒꦧꦶꦱꦚꦼꦧꦿꦔꦶꦢꦭꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦩꦕꦼꦠ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦫꦕꦏꦺꦢꦶꦪꦫꦤꦶ**ꦏꦿꦼꦠꦼꦒ꧀ꦭꦪꦁ**(*ꦏꦿꦼꦠꦼꦒ꧀ꦭꦪꦁ*ꦲꦸꦠꦮ*ꦥ꦳꧀ꦭꦻꦎꦮ꦳ꦼꦂ*)꧉

꧋ꦏꦽꦠꦼꦒ꧀ꦲꦸꦒꦢꦸꦮꦺꦏꦮꦶꦒꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦩꦶꦭꦶꦠꦺꦂ꧈ꦱꦧꦧ꧀ꦩꦸꦱꦸꦃꦫꦕꦏꦺꦚꦺꦴꦧꦔ꧀ꦒꦮꦺꦧꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴꦔꦤ꧀ꦒꦼꦝꦺꦲꦸꦠꦮꦔ꧀ꦒꦮꦺꦏꦭꦶꦱꦸꦥꦪꦠꦤ꧀ꦏ꧀ꦠꦤ꧀ꦏ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦮꦲꦤꦩꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴꦂꦭꦶꦪꦤꦺꦲꦺꦴꦫꦧꦶꦱꦭꦶꦮꦠ꧀꧈ꦏꦽꦠꦼꦒ꧀ꦩꦶꦭꦶꦠꦺꦂꦫꦕꦏꦺꦥꦺꦴꦂꦠꦧꦼꦭ꧀‌꧈ꦠꦼꦒꦼꦱꦺꦧꦶꦱꦢꦶꦒꦮꦩꦼꦚꦁꦔꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦔꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦭꦤ꧀ꦫꦕꦏꦺꦭꦸꦮꦶꦃꦚ꧀ꦗ꧀ꦭꦶꦩꦺꦠ꧀ꦠꦶꦤꦶꦩ꧀ꦧꦁꦏꦽꦠꦼꦒ꧀ꦱꦶꦥꦶꦭ꧀꧈

## ꦗꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦗꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦏꦽꦠꦼꦒ꧀
꧋ꦲꦤꦥꦠꦁꦗꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦲꦸꦠꦩꦏꦽꦠꦼꦒ꧀:ꦏꦽꦠꦼꦒ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦚ꧀ꦗꦺꦴꦫꦤ꧀‌꧈ꦏꦽꦠꦼꦒ꧀ꦧꦸꦱꦸꦂ꧈ꦏꦿꦼꦠꦼꦒ꧀꧈*ꦕꦤ꧀ꦠꦶꦭꦺꦮ꦳ꦺꦂ*ꦭꦤ꧀ꦏꦽꦠꦼꦒ꧀ꦱꦸꦱ꧀ꦥꦺꦤ꧀ꦱꦶ(ꦏꦽꦠꦼꦒ꧀ꦒꦤ꧀ꦠꦸꦁ)꧉

*ꦏꦽꦠꦼꦒ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦚ꧀ꦗꦺꦴꦫꦤ꧀(*ꦧꦼꦄꦩ꧀ꦧꦿꦶꦢ꧀ꦒꦼ*)ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦏꦽꦠꦼꦒ꧀ꦏꦁꦏꦧꦔꦸꦤ꧀ꦤꦩꦸꦁꦱꦏꦱꦶꦗꦶꦲꦸꦤ꧀ꦱꦸꦂꦧꦲꦺ꧈ꦫꦕꦏꦺꦧꦠꦁꦲꦸꦮꦶꦠ꧀‌꧈ꦧ꧀ꦭꦧꦒ꧀ꦲꦸꦠꦮꦧꦫꦁꦩꦺꦩ꧀ꦥꦼꦂꦭꦶꦪꦤꦺ
*ꦏꦽꦠꦼꦒ꧀ꦧꦸꦱꦸꦂꦲꦶꦏꦸꦏꦿꦼꦠꦼꦒ꧀ꦏꦁꦩꦺꦩ꧀ꦥꦼꦂꦧꦸꦱꦸꦂ(ꦒꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦮ)
*ꦏꦽꦠꦼꦒ꧀*ꦕꦤ꧀ꦠꦶꦭꦺꦮ꦳ꦺꦂ*ꦲꦶꦏꦸꦏꦽꦠꦼꦒ꧀ꦏꦁꦢꦶꦧꦔꦸꦤ꧀ꦔꦁꦒꦺꦴꦥꦿꦶꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦥ꧀*ꦕꦤ꧀ꦠꦶꦭꦺꦮ꦳ꦺꦂ*ꦢꦶꦥꦿꦺꦴꦪꦺꦏ꧀ꦱꦶꦏꦤ꧀ꦛꦶꦲꦺꦴꦫꦶꦱꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ꦤꦩꦸꦁꦢꦶꦱꦁꦒꦲꦶꦁꦥꦁꦒꦺꦴꦤꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦗꦶ
*ꦏꦽꦠꦼꦒ꧀ꦱꦸꦱ꧀ꦥꦺꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦲꦶꦏꦸꦏꦿꦼꦠꦼꦒ꧀ꦏꦁꦢꦶꦒꦤ꧀ꦠꦸꦁꦩꦮꦠꦭꦶꦲꦸꦠꦮꦧꦲꦤ꧀ꦭꦶꦪꦏꦁꦥ꦳ꦸꦁꦱꦶꦤꦺꦩꦺꦩ꧀ꦥꦼꦂꦠꦭꦶ
ꦒꦼꦛꦸꦏ꧀ꦒꦺꦴꦫꦺꦁ

꧋**ꦒꦼꦛꦸꦏ꧀ꦒꦺꦴꦫꦺꦁ**ꦥꦸꦤꦶꦏꦱꦭꦃꦱꦠꦸꦁꦒꦭꦶꦁꦗꦗꦤꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦏꦁꦢꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦢꦩꦼꦭ꧀ꦱꦏꦶꦁꦧꦲꦤ꧀ꦏꦺꦠꦺꦭꦥꦺꦴꦲꦸꦁꦭꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦧꦸꦩ꧀ꦧꦺꦴꦤꦶꦔꦁꦒꦺꦒꦼꦤ꧀ꦝꦶꦱ꧀ꦏ꧀ꦭꦥ꧉ꦒꦼꦛꦸꦏ꧀ꦒꦺꦴꦫꦺꦁꦩꦶꦱꦸꦮꦸꦂꦱꦏꦶꦁꦠ꧀ꦭꦠꦃꦱꦺꦴꦏꦫꦗ꧈ꦧꦚꦸꦩꦱ꧀꧉

꧋ꦱꦼꦗꦠꦺꦴꦱꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦗꦶꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦢꦶꦲꦫꦤ꧀ꦥꦸꦤꦶꦏꦢꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦥꦁꦒꦶꦲꦶꦧꦺꦴꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦱꦼꦔꦗꦢꦼꦤꦶꦁꦥꦏ꧀ꦱꦤ꧀ꦥꦶꦂꦔꦣ꧀ꦱꦠꦸꦁꦒꦶꦭꦶꦁꦥꦚꦢꦺꦱꦼꦏꦸꦭ꧀(ꦲꦶꦁꦮꦂꦱ꧇꧑꧙꧑꧘꧇)ꦮꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦠ꧀ꦭꦠꦃꦱꦺꦴꦏꦫꦗ꧉ꦫꦶꦏꦭꦱꦩꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦒꦺꦛꦸꦏ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦏꦁꦣꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦱꦢꦺꦧꦺꦴꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦥꦗꦺꦁ꧈ꦢꦝꦺꦴꦱ꧀ꦥꦶꦪꦩ꧀ꦧꦏꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦥꦢꦺꦴꦱ꧀ꦲꦏꦭ꧀ꦱꦸꦥꦢꦺꦴꦱ꧀ꦠꦏ꧀ꦱꦶꦃꦱꦒꦺꦣ꧀ꦢꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦱꦸꦩ꧀ꦱꦶ꧉ꦭꦗꦼꦁꦒꦼꦛꦸꦏ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦏꦁꦧꦺꦴꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦭꦱ꧀ꦢꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦱꦢꦺꦢꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦒꦺꦴꦫꦺꦁꦏꦭꦶꦪꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦱꦢꦺꦩꦭꦶꦃ꧉

꧋ꦗꦧꦸꦭꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦫꦤ꧀ꦩꦺꦴꦢꦺꦭ꧀ꦲꦺꦁꦒꦭ꧀ꦥꦸꦤꦶꦏꦢꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦉꦩꦼꦤꦶꦥꦫꦠꦶꦪꦁꦲꦶꦁꦏꦁꦠꦸꦩ꧀ꦧꦱ꧀꧈

꧋ꦏꦭꦱꦩꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦒꦼꦛꦸꦏ꧀ꦒꦺꦴꦫꦺꦁꦱꦒꦺꦣ꧀ꦢꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦥꦁꦒꦶꦲꦶꦱꦲꦶꦫꦶꦔꦶꦁꦩꦂꦒꦶꦲꦶꦁꦱꦺꦴꦏꦫꦗ꧉ꦒꦼꦛꦸꦏ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦏꦁꦢꦶꦥꦸꦔꦺꦴꦫꦺꦁꦲꦸꦒꦶꦱꦤꦺꦱ꧀ꦒꦼꦛꦸꦏ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦏꦁꦧꦺꦴꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦥꦗꦼꦁꦩꦭꦶꦃ꧈ꦤꦔꦶꦁꦥꦚ꧀ꦕꦺꦤ꧀ꦱꦼꦔꦗꦢꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦢꦩꦼꦭ꧀ꦏꦁꦒꦺꦢꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦒꦺꦴꦫꦺꦁ꧉ꦫꦲꦺꦴꦱꦶꦥꦸꦤ꧀ꦒꦼꦛꦸꦏ꧀ꦒꦺꦴꦫꦺꦁꦱꦺꦴꦏꦫꦗꦥꦸꦤꦶꦏꦩꦤꦶꦱ꧀ꦱꦲꦒꦸꦫꦶꦃ꧉

## ꦏꦥꦸꦫꦶꦃꦲꦸꦒꦶꦏꦼꦂꦱꦩꦿꦶꦏ꧀ꦱꦤꦶ
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