Pratélan Usada Pokok Modhèl WHO

**Pratélan Usada Pokok Modhèl WHO** (**EML**), dibabar déning World Health Organization (WHO), isiné usada-usada sing dianggep paling mempan tur aman tumrap kabutuhan paling ndhasari ing sistem kaséhatan. Pratélan iki asring dicakaké ing manéka nagara minangka dhasaran nalika nggawé pratélan usada pokok sing enggon-enggonan ing nagarané dhéwé-dhéwé. Dhèk taun 2016, 155 nagara punjul wis nggawé pratélan usada pokok nasional sing dhedhasar pratélan modhèl World Health Organization iki. Nagara-nagara sing ngecakaké kalebu nagara-nagara maju saha nagara-nagara tumuwuh. Pratélan lelengkap nglimputi watara 25% barang ing pratélan iki. Sawenèh usada kagolong becik ing pratélan inti uga ing pratélan lelengkap. Sanadyan kèh-kèhé usada ing pratélan iku weton gènerik, ana ing pangayomané patèn ora ateges ngejabakaké inklusi.

Pratélané pisanan dibabar taun 1977 lan macak usada cacah 212. WHO banjur nganyari pratélané mbaka rong taun. Ing taun 2015, èdhisi kaping 19 dibabar lan macak watara 410 usada. Èdhisi kaping 20 dirancang babaré ing taun 2017. Pratélan-pratélan nasional macak watara 334 lan 580 usada. Pratélan iki digawé kanggo minangkani butuhé bocah kanthi cumepaké formulasi sing trep. Samubarang sing ana ing pratélan kanggo bocah iku uga kapacak ing pratélan pokok. Pratélan kanggo bocah dalah cathetané iku dhedhasar èdhisi kaping 19 pratélan pokok. Simbul α mratandhani yèn sawijining usada mung kapacak ing pratélan lelengkap.

### Anèstètik enggon-enggonan 
* Bupivakain
* Lidhokain
* Lidhokain/épinéfrin
* Éfédrin (dudu anèstètik enggon-enggonan, kalebu ing pratélan iki awit kanggo panyegah wewesan getih sing asor sing gegayutan karo anèstèsi spinal nalika operasi sésar)

### Usada praoperasi lan sédasi tumrap prosedhur kala-cendhak 
* Atropin
* Midhazolam
* Morfin

## Usada kanggo lara lan pangrumat paliatif 
### Nonopioid lan usada anti-inflamasi nonstéroid (NSAIDs) 
al=A line drawing of a hexagon with two attachments|jmpl|Modhèl rangka struktur kimiyané aspirin
* Asem asètilsalisilat (aspirin)
* Ibuprofèn
* Parasétamol (asétaminofèn)

### Analgèsik opioid 
* Kodhéin
* Morfin

### Usada tumrap tandha-tandha umum liyané babagan pangrumat paliatif 
* Amitriptilin
* Siklizin
* Dhéksamétason
* Dhiazépam
* Sodhiyum dhokusat
* Fluoksètin
* Halopéridhol
* Butilbromid hioskin
* Hidrobromid hioskin
* Laktulos
* Lopéramid
* Métoklopramid
* Midhazolam
* Ondhansétron
* Sénna

## Antialèrgi lan usada tumrap anafilaksis 
* Dhéksamétason
* Épinéfrin (adrénalin)
* Hidrokortison
* Loratadhin
* Prédnisolon

## Antidhot (panawa) lan dat liyané tumrap karacunan 
### Ora mirunggan 
* Karbon aktif

### Mirunggan 
* Asétilsistéin
* Atropin
* Glukonat kalsiyum
* Klorid mètiltioninium (biru mètilèn)
* Nalokson
* Pénisilamin
* Biru prusia
* Nitrit sodhiyum
* Tiosulfat sodhium
* Dhéféroksamin
* Dhimérsaprol
* Fomépizol
* Édhétat kalsiyum sodhiyum
* Saksimer

## Usada antikonvulsi 
* Karbamazépin
* Dhiazépam
* Lorazépam
* Sulfat magnésiyum
* Fénobarbital
* Fénitoin
* Asem valporat (valporat sodhiyum)
* Éthosuksimid

## Usada antiinfèksi 
### Antihèlmintik (obat cacing) 
#### Antihèlmintik usus 
al=A hexagon joined to a polygon with two attachments to this double ringed structure|jmpl|Modhèl rangka struktur kimiyané albèndhazol
* Albèndhazol
* Lévamisol
* Mébéndhazol
* Niklosamid
* Prazikuwantèl
* Prantèl

#### Antifilarial 
* Albéndhazol
* Dhiètilkarbamazin
* Ivèrmèktin

#### Antiskistosomal lan usada antinématod liyané 
* Prazikuwantèl
* Triklabéndhazol
* Oksamnikuwin

### Antibiotik 
#### Usada béta laktam 
* Amoksisilin
* Amoksisilin/asem klavulan (amoksisilin + asem klavulan)
* Ampisilin
* Bènzilpénisilin bènzatin
* Bènzilpénisilin
* Séfalèksin
* Séfazolin
* Séfiksim
* Séftriakson
* Kloksasilin
* Fénoksimétilpénisilin (pénisilin V)
* Bènzilpénisilin prokain
* Séfotaksim
* Sèftazidhim
* Imipénèm/silastatin

#### Antibaktèri liyané 
* Azitromisin
* Kloramfénisol
* Siprofloksasin
* Klaritromisin
* Dhoksisiklin
* Èritromisin
* Géntamisin
* Métronidhazol
* Nitrofurantoin
* Spèktinomisin
* Trimétoprim/sulfamétoksazol
* Trimétoprim
* Slindhamisin
* Vankomisin

#### Usada antilèprosi 
* Klofazimin
* Dhapson
* Rifampisin

#### Usada antituberkulosis 
al=A small pile of white crystals|jmpl|Pure crystals of ethambutol
* Étambutol
* Étambutol/isoniazid (étambutol + isoniazid)
* Étambutol/isoniazid/pirazinamid/rifampisin (étambutol + isoniazid + pirazinamid + rifampisin)
* Étambutol/isoniazid/rifampisin (étambutol + isoniazid + rifampisin)
* Isoniazid
* Isoniazid/pirazinamid/rifampisin (isoniazid + pirazinamid + rifampisin)
* Isoniazid/rifampicin (isoniazid + rifampisin)
* Pirazinamid
* Rifabutin
* Rifampisin
* Rifapèntin
* Amikasin
* Bédhakuwilin
* Kapréomisin
* Siklosérin
* Dhélamanid
* Ètionamid
* Kanamisin
* Lévofloksasin
* Linézolid
* Asem p-aminosalisilik
* Strèptomisin

### Usada antijamur 
* Amfotérisin B
* Klotrimazol
* Flukonazol
* Flusitosin
* Griséofulvin
* Nistatin
* Iodid potasiyum

### Usada antivirus 
#### Usada antihèrpes 
* Asiklovir

#### Antirétrovirus 
##### Inhibitor transkriptase balik nukléyosid/nukléyotid 
* Abakavir (ABC)
* Lamivudhin (3TC)
* Stavudhin (d4T)
* Fumarat dhisoproksil ténofovir (TDF)
* Zidhovudhin (ZDV or AZT)

##### Inhibitor transkriptase balik non-nukléyosid 
* Efavirenz (EGV or EFZ)
* Nevirapine (NVP)

##### Inhibitor protase 
al=Two dark blue capsules with writing on them|jmpl|Two capsules of atazanavir
* Atazanavir
* Darunavir
* Lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r)
* Ritonavir
* Saquinavir (SQV)

###### Gabungan dhosis ajeg 

* Abacavir/lamivudine (abacavir + lamivudine)
* Efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir
* Emtricitabine/tenofovir
* Lamivudine/nevirapine/stavudine
* Lamivudine/nevirapine/zidovudine
* Lamivudine/zidovudine

##### Antivirus liyané 
* Osèltamivir
* Ribavirin
* Valgansiklovir

#### Usada antihépatitis 
##### Usada tumrap hépatitis B 
Inhibitor transkriptase walik nukléosid/nukléotid
* Èntekavir
* Fumarat dhisoproksil ténofovir (TDF)

##### Usada tumrap hépatitis C 
Inhibitor polimérase nukléotid
* Sofosbuvir
Inhibitor protéase
* Simeprévir
Inhibitor NS5A
* Dhaklatasvir
Inhibitor polimérase non-nukléosid
* Dhasabuvir
Antivirus liyané
* Ribavirin
* Interféron-alfa-2a pégilasi utawa interféron-alfa-2b pégilasi
Gabungan dhosis ajeg
* Lédhipasvir/sofosbuvir
* Ombitasvir/paritaprévir/ritonavir

### Usada antiprotozoa 
#### Usada antiamoéba lan antigiardhiasis 
* Dhiloksanid
* Métronidhazol

#### Usada antiléismaniasis 
* Amfotérisin B
* Miltéfosin
* Paromomisin
* Stiboglukonat sodhium utawa antimoniat méglumin

#### Usada antimalaria 
##### Minangka tamba kuratif 
* Amodiaquine
* Artemether
* Artemether/lumefantrine
* Artesunate
* Artesunate/amodiaquine
* Artesunate/mefloquine
* Chloroquine
* Doxycycline
* Mefloquine
* Primaquine
* Quinine
* Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine

##### Kanggo panyegah 
* Chloroquine
* Doxycycline
* Mefloquine
* Proguanil

#### Usada antipnéumosistosis lan antitoksoplasmosis 
* Pyrimethamine
* Sulfadiazine
* Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim
* Pentamidine

#### Usada antitripanosom 
##### Tripanosomiasis afrika 

###### Tataran angka 1 

* Pentamidine
* Suramin sodium

###### Tataran angka 2 

* Eflornithine
* Melarsoprol
* Nifurtimox

##### Tripanosomiasis amérika 
* Benznidazole
* Nifurtimox

## Usaga antimigrèn 
### Serangan akut 
* Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin)
* Ibuprofen
* Paracetamol

### Panyegah 
* Propranolol

## Antinéoplastik lan imunosuprèsif 
### Usada imunosuprèsif 
* Azathioprine
* Ciclosporin

### Usada adjuvan lan sitotoksik 
* All-trans retinoic acid (trétinoin)
* Allopurinol
* Asparaginase
* Bendamustine
* Bleomycin
* Calcium folinate
* Capecitabine
* Carboplatin
* Chlorambucil
* Cisplatin
* Cyclophosphamide
* Cytarabine
* Dacarbazine
* Dactinomycin
* Daunorubicin
* Docetaxel
* Doxorubicin
* Etoposide
* Fludarabine
* Fluorouracil
* Filgrastim
* Gemcitabine
* Hydroxycarbamide
* Ifosfamide
* Imatinib
* Irinotecan
* Mercaptopurine
* Mesna
* Methotrexate
* Oxaliplatin
* Paclitaxel
* Procarbazine
* Rituximab
* Thioguanine
* Trastuzumab
* Vinblastine
* Vincristine
* Vinorelbine

### Hormon lan antihormon 
* Anastrozole
* Bicalutamide
* Dexamethasone
* Hydrocortisone
* Leuprorelin
* Methylprednisolone
* Prednisolone
* Tamoxifen

## Usada antiparkinson 
* Biperiden
* Carbidopa/levodopa (levodopa + carbidopa)

## Usada sing mrabawani getih 
### Usada antianémia 
* Ferrous salt
* Ferrous salt/folic acid
* Folic acid
* Hydroxocobalamin

### Usada sing njalari koagulasi 
* Enoxaparin
* Heparin sodium
* Phytomenadione
* Protamine sulfate
* Tranexamic acid
* Warfarin
* Desmopressin

### Usada liyané tumrap hémoglobinopati 
* Deferoxamine
* Hydroxycarbamide

## Wetoné getih lan gegantèn plasma sing asalé saka manungsa 
### Getih lan komponèn getih 
al=A straw colored liquid inside a clear plastic bag|jmpl|Bag containing one unit of fresh frozen plasma
* Fresh frozen plasma
* Platelet concentrates
* Packed red blood cells
* Whole blood

### Usada tumurun saka plasma 
#### Imunoglobulin manungsa 
* Rho(D) immune globulin
* Anti-rabies immunoglobulin
* Anti-tetanus immunoglobulin
* Human normal immunoglobulin

#### Faktor koagulasi getih 
* Coagulation factor VIII
* Coagulation factor IX

### Gantiné plasma 
* Dextran 70

## Usada kardhiovaskular 
### Usada antiangina 
* Bisoprolol
* Glyceryl trinitrate
* Isosorbide dinitrate
* Verapamil

### Usada antiaritmik 
* Bisoprolol
* Digoxin
* Epinephrine (adrenaline)
* Lidocaine
* Verapamil
* Amiodarone

### Usada antihipertènsi 
* Amlodipine
* Bisoprolol
* Enalapril
* Hydralazine
* Hydrochlorothiazide
* Methyldopa
* Sodium nitroprusside

### Usada tumrap gagal jantung 
* Bisoprolol
* Digoxin
* Enalapril
* Furosemide
* Hydrochlorothiazide
* Spironolactone
* Dopamine

### Usada antitrombotik 
#### Usada antiplatelèt 
* Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)
* Clopidogrel

#### Usada trombolitik 
* Streptokinase

### Agèn pangasor lipid 
* Simvastatin

## Dhèrmatologis (topikal) 
### Usada antijamur 
* Miconazole
* Selenium sulfide
* Sodium thiosulfate
* Terbinafine

### Usada antiinfèksi 
* Mupirocin
* Potassium permanganate
* Silver sulfadiazine

### Usada antiinflamasi lan antipruritik 
* Betamethasone
* Calamine
* Hydrocortisone

### Usada sing mrabawani diferensiasi lan proliferasi kulit 
* Benzoyl peroxide
* Coal tar
* Fluorouracil
* Podophyllum resin
* Salicylic acid
* Urea

### Skabisid lan pédikulisid 
* Benzyl benzoate
* Permethrin

## Agèn dhiagnostik 
### Usada optalmik 
* Fluorescein
* Tropicamide

### Médhia radhiokontras 
* Amidotrizoate
* Barium sulfate
* Iohexol
* Meglumine iotroxate

## Dhisinfèktan lan antisèptik 
### Antisèptik 
* Chlorhexidine
* Ethanol
* Povidone iodine

### Dhisinfèktan 
* Alcohol based hand rub
* Chlorine base compound
* Chloroxylenol
* Glutaral

## Dhiurètik 
* Amiloride
* Furosemide
* Hydrochlorothiazide
* Mannitol
* Spironolactone

## Usada gastrointèstinal 
* Pancreatic enzymes

### Usada antiulkus 
* Omeprazole
* Ranitidine

### Usada antimutah 
* Dexamethasone
* Metoclopramide
* Ondansetron

### Usada antiinflamasi 
* Sulfasalazine
* Hydrocortisone

### Laksatif 
* Senna

### Usada tumrap dhiaré 
#### Réhidrasi oral 
* Oral rehydration salts

#### Usada tumrap dhiaré ing bocah 
* Zinc sulfate

## Hormon, usada éndhokrin liyané, lan kontrasèpsi 
### Hormon adrénal lan gegantèn sintètik 
* Fludrocortisone
* Hydrocortisone

### Androgèn 
* Testosterone

### Kontrasèpsi 
#### Kontrasèpsi hormonal oral 
* Ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel
* Ethinylestradiol/norethisterone
* Levonorgestrel

#### Kontrasèpsi hormonal suntik 
* Estradiol cypionate/medroxyprogesterone acetate
* Medroxyprogesterone acetate
* Norethisterone enantate

#### Piranti intrauterus 
* IUD with copper
* IUD with progestogen

#### Metodhe palang 
* Condoms
* Diaphragms

#### Kontrasèpsi implan 
* Etonogestrel—releasing implant
* Levonorgestrel—releasing implant

#### Kontrasèpsi intravagina 
* Progesterone vaginal ring

### Insulin lan usada liyané tumrap dhiabètes 
* Gliclazide
* Glucagon
* Insulin injection (soluble)
* Intermediate-acting insulin
* Metformin

### Indhuser ovulasi 
* Clomifene

### Progèstogèn 
* Medroxyprogesterone acetate

### Hormon tiroid lan usada antitiroid 
* Levothyroxine
* Potassium iodide
* Propylthiouracil
* Lugol's solution

## Usada imunologi 
### Agèn dhiagnostik 
* Tuberculin, purified protéin derivative (PPD)

### Séra lan usada imunoglobulin 
* Antivenom immunoglobulin
* Diphtheria antitoxin

### Vaksin 
al=A small vial with writing on it being removed from a cardboard package|jmpl|A vial of oral cholera vaccine
* BCG vaccine
* Cholera vaccine
* Diphtheria vaccine
* Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine
* Hepatitis A vaccine
* Hepatitis B vaccine
* HPV vaccine
* Influenza vaccine
* Japanese encephalitis vaccine
* Measles vaccine
* Meningococcal meningitis vaccine
* Mumps vaccine
* Pertussis vaccine
* Pneumococcal vaccine
* Poliomyelitis vaccine
* Rabies vaccine
* Rotavirus vaccine
* Rubella vaccine
* Tetanus vaccine
* Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine
* Typhoid vaccine
* Varicella vaccine
* Yellow fever vaccine

## Panglemes otot (tumindak pèrifèr) lan kolinèstérase 
* Atracurium
* Neostigmine
* Suxamethonium
* Vecuronium
* Pyridostigmine

## Pangupakara nétra 
### Agèn antiinfèksi 
* Aciclovir
* Azithromycin
* Gentamicin
* Ofloxacin
* Tetracycline

### Agèn antiinflamasi 
* Prednisolone

### Anèstètik enggon-enggonan 
* Tetracaine

### Usada miotik lan antiglaukoma 
* Acetazolamide
* Latanoprost
* Pilocarpine
* Timolol

### Usada midriatik 
* Atropine
* Epinephrine (adrenaline)

### Faktor tuwuhé éndhotélial antivaskular (VEGF) 
* Bevacizumab

## Usada oksitosik lan antioksitosik 
### Usada oksitosik lan abortifasièn 
* Ergometrine
* Misoprostol
* Oxytocin
* Mifepristone used with misoprostol

### Usada antioksitosik (tokolitik) 
* Nifedipine

## Solusi dhialisis péritonéal 
* Intraperitoneal dialysis solution (of appropriate composition)

## Usada tumrap gangguan pikir lan patrap 
### Usada tumrap gangguan psikotik 
* Chlorpromazine
* Fluphenazine
* Haloperidol
* Risperidone
* Clozapine

### Usada tumrap gangguan swasana ati 
#### Usada tumrap gangguan dhéprèsif 
* Amitriptyline
* Fluoxetine

#### Usada tumrap gangguan bipolar 
* Carbamazepine
* Lithium
* Valproic acid (sodium valproate)

### Usada tumrap gangguan pangrudatin 
* Diazepam

### Usada tumrap gangguan obsèsif kompulsif 
* Clomipramine

### Usada tumrap gangguan amarga panganggoné dat psikoaktif 
* Nicotine replacement therapy
* Methadone

## Usada sing tumindak ing saluran ambegan 
### Antiasma lan usada tumrap lelara paru-paru obstuktif kronik 
* Beclometasone
* Budesonide
* Epinephrine (adrenaline)
* Ipratropium bromide
* Salbutamol (albuterol)

## Larudan kanggo ndandani gangguan banyu, èlèktrolit, lan asem-basa 
### Oral 
* Oral rehydration salts
* Potassium chloride

### Parèntéral 
* Glucose
* Glucose with sodium chloride
* Potassium chloride
* Sodium chloride
* Sodium hydrogen carbonate
* Sodium lactate, compound solution

### Liya-liyané 
* Water for injection

## Vitamin lan mineral 
* Ascorbic acid
* Calcium
* Cholecalciferol
* Ergocalciferol
* Iodine
* Nicotinamide
* Pyridoxine
* Retinol
* Riboflavin
* Sodium fluoride
* Thiamine
* Calcium gluconate

## Usada kuping, irung, lan telak tumrap bocah 
* Acetic acid
* Budesonide
* Ciprofloxacin
* Xylometazoline

## Usada mirunggan tumrap pangrumat néonatal 
### Usada kawènèhaké marang néonatus 
* Caffeine citrate
* Chlorhexidine
* Ibuprofen
* Prostaglandin E
** Prostaglandin E1
** Prostaglandin E2
* Surfactant

### Usada kawènèhaé marang ibu 
* Dexamethasone

## Usada tumrap lelara gegelan 
### Usada tumrap éncok 
* Allopurinol

### Agèn modhifikasi lelara ing gangguan réumatoid 
* Chloroquine
* Azathioprine
* Hydroxychloroquine
* Methotrexate
* Penicillamine
* Sulfasalazine

### Lelara gegelan ing bocah enom 
* Aspirin

## Cathetan 
: An α indicates the medicine is only on the complementary list. For these items specialized diagnostic or monitoring or specialist training are needed. An item may also be listed as complementary on the basis of higher costs or a less attractive cost-benefit ratio.

## Rujukan 
## Wacan liyané 
* 
*