Hagia Sophia

thumb|Katon njaba Hagia Sophia, 2004
thumb|Katon njero Hagia Sophia, 1993
**Hagia Sophia** Basa Yunani:Ἁγία Σοφία; "Kawicaksanan Suci", Basa Turki:Ayasofya, Basa Latin:Sancta Sophia utawa *Sancta Sapientia*) iku panggonan, tilas gréja,mesjid, musiyum, banjur dadi mesjid malih, ing Istanbul, Turki. Misuwur kanthi mustaka/kubah kang gedhé, wangunan iki dianggep lambang utawa conto Arsitèktur Bizantium. Wangunan iki dadi katedral kang gedhé dhéwé sadonya sadurungé ana Katedral Sevilla.

## Sajarah 
Hagia Sophia ya iku yasan kuna panilasan saka kamaharajan Romawi wetan, kang ana ing tengah-tengah kuta Konstantinopel.Wangunan Konstantinopel sadurungé kanthi jéneng Byzantium Constantinopel (280-337),kanthi mlakuné jaman semanauga ganti dadi jeneng Istanbul, salah sijiné kuta kang misuwur ana ing Turki. Hagia Sophia kanggo Greja ana ing umat Kristen wétan kang digawé Konstantius ya iku putrané Kaisar Konstantinus Agung, wiwitane awujud Basilika kang ditahbisake ing taun 360. Gréja iki ngalami arubah wujud saka bangunané amarga kobongan lan lindhu. Ing masa kaisar Yustinianus (527-565), Hagia Sophia kang nglambangaké kajayaan kamaharajan Romawi Wétan diresmikake ana ing tanggal 7 mei 558 lan pangrombakan wujudté yasan ana ing awal abad-14. Sajeroning Contstantinopel tiba ana ing tangan bala Islam kang di pimpin ana ing Mehmed II(Muhammad al-Fatih), pamaréntahan taun 1444-1446 lan 1451-1481 ing tanggal 27 mei 1453, jeneng kuta diganti dadi Qustantaniyyeh (*Kostantiniyye*) lan didadèkaké ibu kutha  Kesultanan Utsmaniyah. Sajeroning Constantinopel bisa direbut, Sultan Muhammad al-Fatih ngumandangake takbir lan nglakuni Shalat. Gréja Aya Sofia didadèkaké Mesjid lan dikenal karan mesjid Aya Sofia (Hagia Sophia). Sajeroning limang abad dadi mesjid, panguasa Turki kang jenenge Mustafa Kemal Atatürk ndadèkaké mesjid Aya Sofia dadi musiyum ing sajeroning pangawasan pamaréntah. Pungkasane ing tanggal 10 Juli 2020, pengadilan dhuwur Turki mbatalake keputusan 1943 sing ngganti status Hagia Sophia dadi museum. Bebarengan karo keputusan kasebut, ing tanggal sing padha Presiden Turki  Recep Tayyip Erdogan ngetokake dekrit kang unine," Hagia Sophia bali menyang guna asline minangka papan ngibadah Muslim. Ngibadah pisanan bisa ditindakake wiwit 24 Juli." Sanajan wis diowahi dadi mesjid, Hagia Sophia tetep mbukak kanggo umum kang pengin plesir menyang Hagia Sophia.

Sawetara negara barat ora sarujuk ana kedadeyan iki, kayata Yunani lan Vatikan, nanging ana uga umat Kristen kang sarujuk amarga pamrentah Turki nduweni hak marang Hagia Sophia.

## Gladri 
**Exterior**

Barkas:Istanbul - Pascal Sebah (1823-1886) - Vue de Constantinoples - 5 Mosquée de Sainte Sophie - 1880s.jpg|alt=Early photograph showing the characteristic Ottoman stripes on the facade that were later removed (1880)|Foto Hagia Sophia nalika jaman Turki Utsmani (1880)
Barkas:Hagia Sophia exterior 2007 002.jpg|Pemandangan saka alun-alun Sultan Ahmed
Barkas:Hagia Sophia exterior 2007 003.jpg|Sesawangan saka alun-alun utama
Barkas:Hagia Sophia night March 2008.JPG|alt=Pemandangan ing wayah wengi|Sesawangan Hagia Sophia ing wayah wengi

**Interior**

Barkas:Hagia Sophia interior March 2008.jpg|alt=View of the interior from the upper gallery|Sesawangan njero wangunan
Barkas:Hagia Sophia Constantinople 2007 (9).JPG|alt=View of the Theotokos mosaic in the apse|Gambar mozaik *Theotokos* ing njeron mustaka
Barkas:Haga Sofia RB4.jpg|alt=Byzantine pillars and arches|Cagak-cagak jaman Bizantin lan mustaka
Barkas:Byzantine column Hagia Sophia March 2008.JPG|Cagak lan ukirane
Barkas:Hagia Sophia Gate March 2008.jpg|Gapura menyang narthex njaba karo mozaik
Barkas:Empress loge Hagia Sophia March 2008pano.jpg|Sesawangan gapura kamaharajan lan loge prameswari
Barkas:Beautiful Gate Hagia Sophia March 2008panob.jpg|Gerbang Endhah
Barkas:Płacząca kolumna Haga Sofia RB.jpg|Prasasti St Gregorius Thaumaturgus sing dianggep karo kekuwatan ajaib
Barkas:Hagia-sofia-viking.jpg|Salah sawijining Prasasti runic ing Hagia Sophia, mbokmenawa ditulis dening anggota Pengawal Varangian

**Galeri Ndhuwur**

Barkas:Upper gallery Hagia Sophia 2007 006.jpg|Galeri ndhuwur ing loge saka prameswari
Barkas:Upper gallery Hagia Sophia 2007 003.jpg|Galeri sisih
Barkas:Upper gallery Hagia Sophia 2007 001.jpg|Cagak Bizantin lan mosaik, lan lukisan jaman Turki Utsmani
Barkas:Alexanderemp.jpg|Mosaik Kaisar Alexander nyekeli tengkorak
Barkas:Marble door Hagia Sophia March 2008b.JPG|Closeup saka lawang marmer karo kunci lan keyhole
Barkas:Byzantinischer Mosaizist um 1122 001.jpg|Kaisar Alexios I ing mosaik Komnenos
Barkas:Kreuz Ayasofya.jpg|Carved cross on one of the marble panels
Barkas:Seraf Haga Sofia RB1.jpg|Closeup of one of the Seraphim at the dome
Barkas:Blue mosque Istanbul exterior 2007 001.jpg|View onto the Blue Mosque from one of the windows

**Èleèn Islam**

Image:Istanbul.Hagia Sophia026.jpg|The Loge of the Sultan, decorated by the Fossati brothers
Image:Istanbul.Hagia Sophia039.jpg|The *mimbar* from where the imam preached
Image:Santa Sofia - Interior - Medallons.JPG|Large medaillons by the Fossati brothers, proclaiming the name of *Allah* and his prophet
Image:Kabe Mosaik.jpg|Iznik tiles showing the Kaaba, located next to the apse
Image:Irakischer Maler des Kräuterbuchs des Dioskurides 002.jpg|Illuminated Iraqi manuscript from the *De Materia Medica* (1224 CE), kept in the library
Image:Foot washing Hagia Sophia 2007.jpg|Ablution basins for cleaning before prayer, outside the main entrance

**Lukisan sajarah**

Image:Fossati 002.JPG|Sketch of the mosaics in the eastern main arch and the apsis, by the Fossati brothers when found in the 19th century
Image:Fossati 003.JPG|Sketch of the six patriarchs panel mosaics of the southern tympanon (by Fossati)
Image:Fossati 004.JPG|Sketch of the six patriarchs panel mosaics of the northern tympanon (by Fossati) 

## Cathetan 
## Uga delengen 
* Church of the Holy Apostles - formerly the second most important church of Constantinople
* Hagia Irene - neighbouring church
* Chora Church
* Pammakaristos Church
* Haseki Hürrem Sultan Hamamı - bath commissioned by Roxelana for the Hagia Sophia community

## Rujukan 
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* Turner, J. - Grove Dictionary of Art - Oxford University Press, USA; New Ed edition (January 2, 1996); ISBN 0-19-517068-7

## Literatur 
* Joseph D. Alchermes: *Art and Architecture in the Age of Justinian*, in: Michael Maas (Ed.): *The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian*. Cambridge 2005, pg. 343–375.
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## Pranala njaba 
* Byzantium 1200 | Hagia Sophia computer reconstruction
* Contemporary description  by Procopius, *Buildings* (De Aedificiis), published in 561.
* Interactive floor plan.
* YouTube | Hagia Sophia - Videos
* Ecunemical Patriarchate | Hagia Sophia - Photos
* Agia Sofia - history and pictures 
* Hagia Sofia - The Holy Grail's Resting Place 

### Mosaik 
* Mosaic Art Source | Hagia Sophia - detailed views
* Deesis Mosaic of Christ from the South Gallery of Hagia Sophia.