ExifTool

**ExifTool** は、画像、音声、動画、PDFのメタデータの読み取り、書き込み、操作を行うためのフリーでオープンソースのソフトウェアプログラム。プラットフォームに依存せず、Perl ライブラリ（Image::ExifTool）とコマンドラインアプリケーションの両方として利用できる。ExifTool は、さまざまな種類のデジタルワークフローに一般的に組み込まれている Exif、、XMP、JFIF、GeoTIFF、ICCプロファイル、Photoshop IRB、、AFCP、ID3 を含む多くの種類のメタデータや、多くのデジタルカメラのメーカー固有のメタデータ形式などをサポートしている。

## メタ情報のカプセル化
ExifTool は独自のオープンメタデータ形式を実装している。多くのソースからのメタ情報をバイナリまたはテキスト形式でカプセル化し、あらゆる種類のファイルにバンドルするように設計されている。既存のデータをラップする単一のファイルにすることも、Exif や XMP メタデータなどを運ぶとして使用することもできる。

## ユーザー
ExifTool を使用する Web サイトとサービスには次のものある：

* 
* Flickr (アップロードされた画像からメタデータを解析する)
* 
* Metadata++
* XnView
* Exif Fixer (360°パノラマ固有のメタデータを計算し、画像に追加する)

## 対応ファイル形式
ExifToolは以下の形式のファイルを読み込み、編集、作成することができる：

### 読み込み

* 360 - GoPro 360 video (QuickTime-based)
* 3FR - Hasselblad raw (TIFF-based)
* 3G2, 3GP2 - 3rd Gen. Partnership Project 2 audio/video (QuickTime-based)
* 3GP, 3GPP - 3rd Gen. Partnership Project audio/video (QuickTime-based)
* A - Unix static library code Archive
* AA - Audible Audiobook
* AAE - Apple edit information (XML PLIST-based)
* AAX - Audible Enhanced Audiobook (QuickTime-based)
* ACR - American College of Radiology ACR-NEMA (DICOM-like)
* AFM, ACFM, AMFM - Adobe (Composite/Multiple Master) Font Metrics
* AI, AIT - Adobe Illustrator (Template, PS or PDF)
* AIFF, AIF, AIFC - Audio Interchange File Format (Compressed)
* APE - Monkey's Audio
* ARQ - Sony Alpha Pixel-Shift raw (TIFF-based)
* ARW - Sony Alpha raw (TIFF-based)
* ASF - Microsoft Advanced Systems Format
* AVI - Audio Video Interleaved (RIFF-based)
* AVIF - AV1 Image File Format (QuickTime-based)
* BMP, DIB - Windows BitMaP / Device Independent Bitmap
* BPG - Better Portable Graphics
* BTF - BigTIFF (64-bit Tagged Image File Format)
* CHM - Microsoft Compiled HTML format
* COS - Capture One Settings (XML-based)
* CR2 - Canon Raw 2 (TIFF-based) (CR2 specification)
* CR3 - Canon Raw 3 (QuickTime-based) (CR3 specification)
* CRM - Canon RAW Movie (QuickTime-based)
* CRW, CIFF - Canon Raw Camera Image File Format (CRW specification)
* CS1 - Sinar CaptureShop 1-shot raw (PSD-based)
* CSV - Comma-Separated Values
* CZI - Zeiss Integrated Software RAW (ZISRAW)
* DCM, DC3, DIC, DICM - DICOM - Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine
* DCP - DNG Camera Profile (DNG-like)
* DCR - Kodak Digital Camera Raw (TIFF-based)
* DFONT - Macintosh Data Fork Font
* DIVX - DivX media format (ASF-based)
* DJVU, DJV - DjVu image (AIFF-like)
* DNG - Digital Negative (TIFF-based)
* DOC, DOT - Microsoft Word Document/Template (FPX-like)
* DOCX, DOCM - Office Open XML Document (Macro-enabled)
* DOTX, DOTM - Office Open XML Document Template (Macro-enabled)
* DPX - Digital Picture Exchange
* DR4 - Canon DPP version 4 Recipe
* DSS, DS2 - Digital Speech Standard
* DYLIB - Mac OS X Mach-O executable and library files
* DV - Digital Video
* DVB - Digital Video Broadcasting (QuickTime-based)
* DVR-MS - Microsoft Digital Video Recording (ASF-based)
* EIP - Capture One Enhanced Image Package (ZIP-based)
* EPS, EPSF, PS - (Encapsulated) PostScript Format
* EPUB - Electronic Publication Format
* ERF - Epson Raw Format (TIFF-based)
* EXE, DLL - DOS/Windows executable and library files
* EXIF - Exchangeable Image File Format metadata (TIFF-based)
* EXR - Open EXR (Extended Range)
* EXV - Exiv2 metadata file (JPEG-based)
* F4A, F4B, F4P, F4V - Adobe Flash Player 9+ Audio/Video (Quicktime-based)
* FFF - Hasselblad Flexible File Format (TIFF-based)
* FFF - FLIR thermal image File Format
* FITS - Flexible Image Transport System
* FLA - Macromedia/Adobe Flash project (FPX-like)
* FLAC - Free Lossless Audio Codec
* FLIF - Free Lossless Image Format
* FLV - Flash Video
* FPF - FLIR Public image Format
* FPX - FlashPix image
* GIF - Compuserve Graphics Interchange Format
* GPR - GoPro Raw (DNG-based)
* GZ, GZIP - GNU ZIP compressed archive
* HDP, WDP, JXR - Windows HD Photo / Media Photo / JPEG XR (TIFF-based)
* HDR - Radiance RGBE (Red Green Blue Exponent) High Dynamic-Range
* HEIC, HEIF, HIF - High Efficiency Image Format (QuickTime-based)
* HTML, HTM, XHTML - (Extensible) HyperText Markup Language
* ICO, CUR - Windows Icon or Cursor
* ICC, ICM - International Color Consortium color profile
* ICS, ICAL - iCalendar Schedule
* IDML - Adobe InDesign Markup Language (ZIP/XML-based)
* IIQ - Phase One Intelligent Image Quality raw (TIFF-based)
* IND, INDD, INDT - Adobe InDesign Document/Template (XMP metadata only)
* INSP - Insta360 Picture (JPEG-based)
* INSV - Insta360 Video (QuickTime-based)
* INX - Adobe InDesign Interchange (XML-based, XMP metadata only)
* ISO - ISO 9660 disk image
* ITC - iTunes Cover Flow artwork
* J2C, J2K, JPC - JPEG 2000 codestream
* JP2, JPF, JPM, JPX - JPEG 2000 image (Compound/Extended)
* JPEG, JPG, JPE - Joint Photographic Experts Group image (see table below)
* JSON - JavaScript Object Notation
* JXL - JPEG XL (Extra longterm)
* K25 - Kodak DC25 raw (TIFF-based)
* KDC - Kodak Digital Camera raw (TIFF-based)
* KEY, KTH - Apple iWork '09 Keynote presentation/Theme
* LA - Lossless Audio (RIFF-based)
* LFP, LFR - Lytro Light Field Picture
* LNK - Microsoft Shell Link (Windows shortcut)
* LRV - Low-Resolution Video (QuickTime-based)
* M2TS, MTS, M2T, TS - MPEG-2 Transport Stream (used for AVCHD video)
* M4A, M4B, M4P, M4V - MPEG-4 Audio/Video (Quicktime-based)
* MACOS - MacOS "._" sidecar file (may have any extension)
* MAX - 3D Studio MAX (FPX-like)
* MEF - Mamiya (raw) Electronic Format (TIFF-based)
* MIE - Meta Information Encapsulation (MIE specification)
* MIFF, MIF - Magick Image File Format
* MKA, MKV, MKS - Matroska Audio/Video/Subtitle
* MOBI, AZW, AZW3 - Mobipocket electronic book (Palm-based)
* MODD - Sony Picture Motion metadata (XML PLIST-based)
* MOI - MOD Information file
* MOS - Creo Leaf Mosaic (TIFF-based)
* MOV, QT - Apple QuickTime Movie
* MP3 - MPEG-1 layer 3 audio (uses ID3 information)
* MP4 - Motion Picture Experts Group version 4 (Quicktime-based)
* MPC - Musepack Audio
* MPEG, MPG, M2V - Motion Picture Experts Group version 1 or 2
* MPO - Extended Multi-Picture format (JPEG with MPF extensions)
* MQV - Sony Mobile QuickTime Video
* MRW - Minolta Raw
* MXF - Material Exchange Format
* NEF - Nikon (raw) Electronic Format (TIFF-based)
* NMBTEMPLATE - Apple iWork '09 Numbers Template
* NRW - Nikon Raw (2) (TIFF-based)
* NUMBERS - Apple iWork '09 Numbers spreadsheet
* O - Unix compiled code Object
* ODB, ODC, ODF, ODG, ODI, ODP, ODS, ODT - Open Document Database/Chart/Formula/Graphics/Image/Presentation/Spreadsheet/Text (ZIP/XML-based)
* OFR - OptimFROG audio (RIFF-based)
* OGG, OGV - Ogg bitstream container
* ONP - ON1 Presets
* OPUS - Ogg Opus audio
* ORF - Olympus Raw Format (TIFF-based)
* OTF - Open Type Font
* PAC - Lossless Predictive Audio Compression (RIFF-based)
* PAGES - Apple iWork '09 Pages document
* PCD - Kodak Photo CD Image Pac
* PCX - PC Paintbrush
* PDB, PRC - Palm Database
* PDF - Adobe Portable Document Format
* PEF - Pentax (raw) Electronic Format (TIFF-based)
* PFA, PFB - PostScript Font ASCII/Binary
* PFM - Printer Font Metrics
* PGF - Progressive Graphics File
* PICT, PCT - Apple Picture file
* PLIST - Apple Property List (binary and XML formats)
* PMP - Sony DSC-F1 Cyber-Shot image
* PNG, JNG, MNG - Portable/JPEG/Multiple-image Network Graphics
* PPM, PBM, PGM - Portable Pixel/Bit/Gray Map
* PPT, PPS, POT - Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation/Slideshow/Template (FPX-like)
* POTX, POTM - Office Open XML Presentation Template (Macro-enabled)
* PPAX, PPAM - Office Open XML Presentation Addin (Macro-enabled)
* PPSX, PPSM - Office Open XML Presentation Slideshow (Macro-enabled)
* PPTX, PPTM - Office Open XML Presentation (Macro-enabled)
* PSD, PSB, PSDT - PhotoShop Drawing / Large Document / Template
* PSP, PSPIMAGE - Paint Shop Pro
* QTIF, QTI, QIF - QuickTime Image File
* R3D - Redcode raw video
* RA - RealAudio
* RAF - FujiFilm Raw Format
* RAM, RPM - RealAudio/Plug-in Metafile
* RAR - RAR Archive
* RAW - Kyocera Contax N Digital Raw
* RAW - Panasonic Raw (TIFF-based)
* RIFF, RIF - Resource Interchange File Format
* RM, RV, RMVB - Real Media/Video (Variable Bitrate)
* RSRC - Mac OS Resource
* RTF - Rich Text Format
* RW2 - Panasonic Raw 2 (TIFF-based)
* RWL - Leica Raw (TIFF-based)
* RWZ - Rawzor compressed image
* SEQ - FLIR Systems image Sequence
* SKETCH - Sketch design file
* SO - Unix ELF executable and Shared Object files
* SR2 - Sony Raw 2 (TIFF-based)
* SRF - Sony Raw Format (TIFF-based)
* SRW - Samsung Raw format (TIFF-based)
* SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics (XML-based)
* SWF - Shockwave Flash
* THM - Canon Thumbnail (JPEG)
* THMX - Office Open XML Theme
* TIFF, TIF - Tagged Image File Format
* TTF, TTC - True Type Font/Collection
* TORRENT - BitTorrent description file
* TXT - Text files
* VCF, VCARD - Virtual Card
* VOB - Video Object (MPEG-based)
* VRD - Canon DPP Recipe Data
* VSD - Microsoft Visio Drawing (FPX-like)
* WAV - Windows digital audio WAVeform (RIFF-based)
* WEBM - Google Web Movie (MKV-based)
* WEBP - Google Web Picture (RIFF-based)
* WMA, WMV - Windows Media Audio/Video (ASF-based)
* WTV - Windos recorded TV show
* WV - WavePack lossless audio (RIFF-based)
* X3F - Sigma/Foveon raw
* XCF - GIMP native image format
* XLS, XLT - Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet/Template (FPX-like)
* XLSX, XLSM, XLSB - Office Open XML Spreadsheet (Macro-enabled/Binary)
* XLTX, XLTM - Office Open XML Spreadsheet Template (Macro-enabled)
* XMP - Extensible Metadata Platform sidecar file
* ZIP - ZIP archive

### 編集

* 360 - GoPro 360 video (QuickTime-based)
* 3G2, 3GP2 - 3rd Gen. Partnership Project 2 audio/video (QuickTime-based)
* 3GP, 3GPP - 3rd Gen. Partnership Project audio/video (QuickTime-based)
* AAX - Audible Enhanced Audiobook (QuickTime-based)
* AI, AIT - Adobe Illustrator (Template, PS or PDF)
* ARQ - Sony Alpha Pixel-Shift raw (TIFF-based)
* ARW - Sony Alpha raw (TIFF-based)
* AVIF - AV1 Image File Format (QuickTime-based)
* CR2 - Canon Raw 2 (TIFF-based) (CR2 specification)
* CR3 - Canon Raw 3 (QuickTime-based) (CR3 specification)
* CRM - Canon RAW Movie (QuickTime-based)
* CRW, CIFF - Canon Raw Camera Image File Format (CRW specification)
* CS1 - Sinar CaptureShop 1-shot raw (PSD-based)
* DCP - DNG Camera Profile (DNG-like)
* DNG - Digital Negative (TIFF-based)
* DR4 - Canon DPP version 4 Recipe
* DVB - Digital Video Broadcasting (QuickTime-based)
* EPS, EPSF, PS - (Encapsulated) PostScript Format
* ERF - Epson Raw Format (TIFF-based)
* EXIF - Exchangeable Image File Format metadata (TIFF-based)
* EXV - Exiv2 metadata file (JPEG-based)
* F4A, F4B, F4P, F4V - Adobe Flash Player 9+ Audio/Video (Quicktime-based)
* FFF - Hasselblad Flexible File Format (TIFF-based)
* FLIF - Free Lossless Image Format
* GIF - Compuserve Graphics Interchange Format
* GPR - GoPro Raw (DNG-based)
* HDP, WDP, JXR - Windows HD Photo / Media Photo / JPEG XR (TIFF-based)
* HEIC, HEIF, HIF - High Efficiency Image Format (QuickTime-based)
* ICC, ICM - International Color Consortium color profile
* IIQ - Phase One Intelligent Image Quality raw (TIFF-based)
* IND, INDD, INDT - Adobe InDesign Document/Template (XMP metadata only)
* INSP - Insta360 Picture (JPEG-based)
* JP2, JPF, JPM, JPX - JPEG 2000 image (Compound/Extended)
* JPEG, JPG, JPE - Joint Photographic Experts Group image (see table below)
* JXL - JPEG XL (Extra longterm)
* LRV - Low-Resolution Video (QuickTime-based)
* M4A, M4B, M4P, M4V - MPEG-4 Audio/Video (Quicktime-based)
* MEF - Mamiya (raw) Electronic Format (TIFF-based)
* MIE - Meta Information Encapsulation (MIE specification)
* MOS - Creo Leaf Mosaic (TIFF-based)
* MOV, QT - Apple QuickTime Movie
* MP4 - Motion Picture Experts Group version 4 (Quicktime-based)
* MPO - Extended Multi-Picture format (JPEG with MPF extensions)
* MQV - Sony Mobile QuickTime Video
* MRW - Minolta Raw
* NEF - Nikon (raw) Electronic Format (TIFF-based)
* NRW - Nikon Raw (2) (TIFF-based)
* ORF - Olympus Raw Format (TIFF-based)
* PDF - Adobe Portable Document Format
* PEF - Pentax (raw) Electronic Format (TIFF-based)
* PNG, JNG, MNG - Portable/JPEG/Multiple-image Network Graphics
* PPM, PBM, PGM - Portable Pixel/Bit/Gray Map
* PSD, PSB, PSDT - PhotoShop Drawing / Large Document / Template
* QTIF, QTI, QIF - QuickTime Image File
* RAF - FujiFilm Raw Format
* RAW - Panasonic Raw (TIFF-based)
* RW2 - Panasonic Raw 2 (TIFF-based)
* RWL - Leica Raw (TIFF-based)
* SR2 - Sony Raw 2 (TIFF-based)
* SRW - Samsung Raw format (TIFF-based)
* THM - Canon Thumbnail (JPEG)
* TIFF, TIF - Tagged Image File Format
* VRD - Canon DPP Recipe Data
* WEBP - Google Web Picture (RIFF-based)
* X3F - Sigma/Foveon raw
* XMP - Extensible Metadata Platform sidecar file

### 作成
* DR4 - Canon DPP version 4 Recipe
* EXIF - Exchangeable Image File Format metadata (TIFF-based)
* EXV - Exiv2 metadata file (JPEG-based)
* ICC, ICM - International Color Consortium color profile
* MIE - Meta Information Encapsulation (MIE specification)
* VRD - Canon DPP Recipe Data
* XMP - Extensible Metadata Platform sidecar file

## 対応JPEGメタデータ
ExifTool は、JPEG 画像の以下の種類のメタデータを読み込み、編集、作成することができる：

## 関連項目

*  オーディオファイル情報を表示する sndfile-info を参照。

## 参考文献

## 外部リンク
*  (exiftool.org)
* Official website (sourceforge.net)
* ExifTool User Manual
* Image::ExifTool API Manual
* MIE file format – specification
* MIE Tags – reference
* Commentary on Meta Information Formats (or "Why this or that Format Sucks"), Phil Harvey, essay on design decisions, created Nov. 15, 2005, last revised Feb 4, 2020