ナオミ・オレスケス

**ナオミ・オレスケス**（*Naomi Oreskes*、1958年11月25日 - ）は、アメリカ合衆国の科学史家、科学哲学者。主な研究対象は地球科学および環境科学で、近年では地球温暖化についての科学者の議論について活発に論じている。

## 経歴
インペリアル・カレッジ・ロンドンの王立鉱山学院（Royal School of Mines）にて、鉱山地質学（鉱山学と鉱山工学の応用分野）を専攻し学士号を取得。1984年よりスタンフォード大学にて勤務し、1990年に同大大学院にて地質研究（geological research）と科学史を専攻し博士号を取得。アメリカ合衆国環境保護庁および米国科学アカデミーのコンサルタントや、ダートマス大学、ハーバード大学、ニューヨーク大学の教員を歴任する。スクリップス海洋学研究所の地球科学の非常勤教授（Ajunct Professor）、カリフォルニア大学サンディエゴの歴史学および科学論の教授を経て、現在、ハーバード大学の科学史および地球・惑星科学の教授。ネイチャーおよびサイエンスに複数の論文の掲載実績がある（下記の論文一覧参照）。

## 受賞
*1994年 - アメリカ国立科学財団の若手研究者賞
*2011年 - 米国科学史学会のワトソン・デイヴィス賞
*2025年 - ボルボ環境賞

## 著書・論文
### 著書・共著
*The Rejection of Continental Drift: Theory and Method in American Earth Science, Oxford University Press, 1999.
*Perspectives on Geophysics, Special Issue of Studies in the History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, 31B, Oreskes, Naomi and James R. Fleming, eds., 2000.
*Whipple, Chris et al. (fourteen additional authors). Models in Environmental Regulatory Decision Making, National Academy of Sciences National Research Council, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, 2007.
*ナオミ・オレスケス、エリック・M・コンウェイ『世界を騙しつづける科学者たち』福岡洋一訳、楽工社（Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming, Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway, Bloomsbury Press, 2010）
*ナオミ・オレスケス、エリック・M・コンウェイ『こうして、世界は終わる』渡会圭子訳、ダイヤモンド社（The Collapse of Western Civilization: A View from the Future, Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway, Columbia University Press, 2014（アメリカ芸術科学アカデミー紀要に掲載された同名論文（Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway. "The collapse of Western Civilization: a view from the future." Daedalus 142.1 (2013): 40-58）に大幅に加筆したもの））

### 編集した書籍・学術誌
*Oreskes, Naomi and James R. Fleming, eds. 2000.  “Perspectives on Geophysics,” Special Issue of Studies in the History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, 31B, September 2000.
*Oreskes, Naomi and Homer E. Le Grand ed., Plate Tectonics: An Insider’s History of the Modern Theory of the Earth, Westview Press, 2003, ISBN 0-8133-4132-9

### 論文
*Oreskes, Naomi. "The rejection of continental drift." Historical studies in the physical and biological sciences (1988): 311-348.
*Oreskes, Naomi, and Marco T. Einaudi. "Origin of rare earth element-enriched hematite breccias at the Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au-Ag deposit, Roxby Downs, South Australia." Economic Geology 85.1 (1990): 1-28.
*Hitzman, Murray W., Naomi Oreskes, and Marco T. Einaudi. "Geological characteristics and tectonic setting of proterozoic iron oxide (Cu-U-Au-LREE) deposits." Precambrian Research 58.1 (1992): 241-287.
*Oreskes, Naomi, and Marco T. Einaudi. "Origin of hydrothermal fluids at Olympic Dam; preliminary results from fluid inclusions and stable isotopes." Economic Geology 87.1 (1992): 64-90.
*Oreskes, Naomi, Kristin Shrader-Frechette, and Kenneth Belitz. "Verification, validation, and confirmation of numerical models in the earth sciences." Science 263.5147 (1994): 641-646.
*Sterman, John D., et al. "The meaning of models." Science-AAAS-Weekly Paper Edition-including Guide to Scientific Information 264.5157 (1994): 329-334.
*Oreskes, Naomi. "Weighing the Earth from a Submarine: The Gravity Measuring Cruise of The USS S‐21." History of Geophysics: Volume 5-The Earth, the Heavens and the Carnegie Institution of Washington (1994): 53-68.
*Oreskes, Naomi. "Objectivity or heroism? On the invisibility of women in science." Osiris (1996): 87-113.
*Murray, Jessica R., and Naomi Oreskes. "Uses and limitations of cathodoluminescence in the study of apatite paragenesis." Economic Geology 92.3 (1997): 368-376.
*Oreskes, Naomi. "Testing models of natural systems: Can it be done?." Structures and norms in science. Springer Netherlands, 1997. 207-217.
*Oreskes, Naomi. "Evaluation (not validation) of quantitative models." Environmental Health Perspectives 106.Suppl 6 (1998): 1453.
*Baker, Victor R., and Naomi ORESKES. "The methodological beliefs of geologists." Earth sciences history 18.2 (1999): 344-350.
*Oreskes, Naomi. "Why believe a computer? Models, measures, and meaning in the natural world." The earth around us: Maintaining a livable planet (2000): 70-82.
*Oreskes, Naomi. "Why predict? Historical perspectives on prediction in earth science." Prediction: Science, decision making, and the future of nature (2000): 23-40.
*Oreskes, Naomi. "" Laissez-tomber": Military Patronage and Women's Work in Mid-20th-Century Oceanography." Historical studies in the physical and biological sciences (2000): 373-392.
*Oreskes, Naomi, and Ronald Rainger. "Science and security before the atomic bomb: The loyalty case of Harald U. Sverdrup." Studies In History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies In History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 31.3 (2000): 309-369.
*Oreskes, Naomi, and Kenneth Belitz. "Philosophical issues in model assessment." Model validation: Perspectives in hydrological science 23 (2001).
*Oreskes, Naomi, and Ronald E. Doel. "The physics and chemistry of the earth." The Cambridge History of Science 5 (2002): 538-52.
*Oreskes, Naomi. "The Role of Quantitative Models in Science Naomi Oreskes." Models in ecosystem science (2003): 13.
*Oreskes, Naomi&Ronald E. Doel. "Geophysics and the Earth Sciences'." The Cambridge History of Science 5 (2003).
*Oreskes, Naomi. "A Context of Motivation US Navy Oceanographic Research and the Discovery of Sea-Floor Hydrothermal Vents." Social Studies of Science 33.5 (2003): 697-742.
*Oreskes, Naomi. "A call for a collective." Science 305.5688 (2004): 1241-1242.
*Oreskes, Naomi. "The scientific consensus on climate change." Science 306.5702 (2004): 1686-1686.
*Oreskes, Naomi. "Science and public policy: what’s proof got to do with it?." Environmental Science & Policy 7.5 (2004): 369-383.
*Pielke Jr, Roger A., and Naomi Oreskes. "Consensus about climate change?." Science 308.5724 (2005): 952.
*Oreskes, Naomi. "The scientific consensus on climate change: How do we know we’re not wrong?." Climate change: What it means for us, our children, and our grandchildren (2007): 65-99.
*Oreskes, Naomi, Erik M. Conway, and Matthew Shindell. "From Chicken Little to Dr. Pangloss: William Nierenberg, global warming, and the social deconstruction of scientific knowledge." (2008): 109-152.
*Oreskes, Naomi, et al. "Agnosology: The Making and Unmaking of Ignorance." Agnotology: the making & unmaking of ignorance (2008).
*Oreskes, Naomi. "You can argue with the facts." How well do facts travel (2008).
*Oreskes, Naomi. "The devil is in the (historical) details: Continental drift as a case of normatively appropriate consensus?." Perspectives on Science 16.3 (2008): 253-264.
*Oreskes, Naomi, and Erik M. Conway. "Defeating the merchants of doubt." Nature 465.7299 (2010): 686-687.
*Oreskes, Naomi, David A. Stainforth, and Leonard A. Smith. "Adaptation to global warming: do climate models tell us what we need to know?." Philosophy of Science 77.5 (2010): 1012-1028.
*Oreskes, Naomi. "Metaphors of warfare and the lessons of history: time to revisit a carbon tax?." Climatic change 104.2 (2011): 223-230.
*O'Reilly, Jessica, et al. "Characterizing uncertainty in expert assessments: ozone depletion and the West Antarctic Ice Sheet." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 2.5 (2011): 728-743.
*Shrader-Frechette, Kristin, and Naomi Oreskes. "Symmetrical transparency in science." Science 332.6030 (2011): 663-664.
*O’Reilly, Jessica, Naomi Oreskes, and Michael Oppenheimer. "The rapid disintegration of projections: the west Antarctic ice sheet and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change." Social Studies of Science 42.5 (2012): 709-731.
*Oreskes, Naomi. "Why I am a presentist." Science in Context 26.04 (2013): 595-609.
*Brysse, Keynyn, et al. "Climate change prediction: Erring on the side of least drama?." Global Environmental Change 23.1 (2013): 327-337.
*Risbey, James S., et al. "Well-estimated global surface warming in climate projections selected for ENSO phase." Nature Climate Change (2014).
*Zalasiewicz, Jan, et al. "When did the Anthropocene begin? A mid-twentieth century boundary level is stratigraphically optimal." Quaternary International (2015).

### 新聞への寄稿記事
*Oreskes, Naomi. "Undeniable Global Warming." The Washington Post (Dec. 26, 2004).
*Oreskes, Naomi. "Global Warming—Signed, Sealed, and Delivered." Los Angeles Times (July 24, 2006).
*Oreskes, Naomi. "The Long Consensus on Climate Change." The Washington Post (Feb. 1, 2007).
*Oreskes, Naomi. "A Lightening Rod in a Changing Climate, New York Times (June 15, 2015).

## 関連項目
* 気候変動
* ハーバード大学の人物一覧

## 外部リンク
* http://histsci.fas.harvard.edu/people/naomi-oreskes（ハーバード大学ウェブサイトの教員紹介ページ）
* http://www.collapseofwesternciv.org（『西洋文明の崩壊』（邦題は『こうして、世界は終わる』）の特設ウェブサイト）