エドガー・イップ・ハーバーグ

**エドガー・イプセル・"イップ"・ハーバーグ**（**Edgar Yipsel "Yip" Harburg**、1896年4月8日 - 1981年3月5日）は、アメリカのポピュラーソングの作詞家、台本作家である。後に作曲も行った。

本名イシドア・ホックバーグ（Isidore Hochberg）。

著名な歌詞として、""や"April in Paris"や"It's Only a Paper Moon"、『オズの魔法使』の「虹の彼方に」などがある。

## 生い立ち
ハーバーグは1896年4月8日にニューヨークのマンハッタンで生まれた。彼の父であるルイス・ハーバーグと母であるメアリー・ライシングはイディッシュ語を話す正統派（ユダヤ教徒）ユダヤ教徒であり、ロシアからの移民であった。高校時代にアイラ・ガーシュウィンと知り合った。

1921年にニューヨーク市立大学を卒業し、その後、電気装置会社の共同経営者になるが、1929年の世界大恐慌のために倒産してしまう。これを契機に作曲家としての人生をスタートさせる。

## 代表歌
*"Over the Rainbow" (1939)
*"" with composer Jay Gorney (1932)『兄弟、10ドル恵んでくれないか？』の意。大恐慌を象徴し、大恐慌時代の共感を受けて流行した曲。
*Last Night When We Were Young ：ハロルド・アーレン作曲 (1935)
*"Cabin in the Sky"：ハロルド・アーレン作曲(1943)
*"The Eagle and Me" ：ハロルド・アーレン作曲(1944)
*"April in Paris"
*"It's Only a Paper Moon"
*"Lydia the Tattooed Lady"
*"How Are Things in Glocca Morra?"
*"Old Devil Moon"
*"Then I'll Be Tired of You"
*"When the Idle Poor Become the Idle Rich"
*"Down with Love"
*"Free and Equal Blues" performed by Josh White

## レヴュー
**Earl Carroll's Sketchbook of 1929* (1929) - co-composer and co-lyricist with Jay Gorney
**Garrick Gaieties* (1930) - contributing lyricist
**Earl Carroll's Vanities of 1930* (1930) - contributing songwriter
**The Vanderbilt Revue* (1930) - contributing lyricist
**[[Ziegfeld Follies]] of 1931* (1931) - featured lyricist for "Mailu"
**Shoot the Works* (1931) - contributing composer and lyricist
**Ballyhoo of 1932* (1932) - lyricist
**Americana* (1932) - lyricist.  The Revue include "Brother Can You Spare a Dime?"
**[[Walk A Little Faster]]* (1932) - lyricist
**[[Ziegfeld Follies]] of 1934* (1934) - primary lyricist (for about half of the numbers)
**[[Life Begins at 8:40]]* (1934) - co-lyricist with Ira Gershwin
**[[The Show is On]]* (1936) - featured lyricist
**Blue Holiday* (1945) - all-Black cast - contributing composer and lyricist
**At Home With [[Ethel Waters]]* (1953) - featured lyricist for "Happiness is Jes' a Thing Called Joe"

## 遺作
**A Day in Hollywood / A Night in the Ukraine* (1980) - featured lyricist for "Over the Rainbow"
**Jerome Kern Goes to Hollywood* (1986) - featured lyricist to music by Jerome Kern
**Mostly [[:en:Stephen Sondheim|Sondheim]]* (2002) - featured lyricist

## ミュージカル
**[[Hooray for What!]]* (1937) - lyricist and originator
**[[Hold On to Your Hats]]* (1940) - lyricist
**[[Bloomer Girl]]* (1944) - lyricist, originator and director for musical numbers
**[[Finian's Rainbow]]* (1947) - lyricist, originator and co-bookwriter
**Revived in 1955, 1960, 2009
**[[Flahooley]]* (1951) - lyricist, originator and co-bookwriter
**[[:en:Jamaica (musical)|Jamaica]]* (1957) - lyricist, originator and co-bookwriter - Tony Nomination for Best Musical
**[[The Happiest Girl in the World]]* (1961) - originator and lyricist to music by Jacques Offenbach and originator of the story, based on *[[Lysistrata]]* by Aristophanes
**[[:en:Darling of the Day (musical)|Darling of the Day]]* (1968) - lyricist

## 映画
**Moonlight and Pretzels* - 1933
**The Singing Kid* - 1936
*踊る三十七年 *Golddiggers of 1937* - 1936
**[[:en:The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)|The Wizard of Oz]]* - 1939
**At the Circus* - 1939
*ブロードウェイ*Babes on Broadway* - 1941
**Ship Ahoy* - 1942
**Cabin in the Sky* - 1943  Harburg's song "Aint It The Truth" expressing religious skepticism was removed
**Can't Help Singing* - 1944
**Gay Purr-ee* - 1962
**[[:en:Finian's Rainbow (film)|Finian's Rainbow]]* - 1968

## 本
**Rhymes for the Irreverent* (1965)
**At This Point in Rhyme* (1976)
**Over the Rainbow* (2000)

## 参照

## 参考

*Meyerson, Harold and Ernie Harburg. *Who Put the Rainbow in the Wizard of Oz: Yip Harburg, Lyricist*, University of Michigan Press, (1993).  ISBN 0-472-10482-9
*Alonso, Harriet. "Yip Harburg: Legendary Lyricist and Human Rights Activist," Wesleyan University Press (2012). ISBN 978-08195-7128-1

## 外部リンク
*
*
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*The Yip Harburg Foundation website
*Biography of Harburg from USPS
*"A Tribute to Yip Harburg: The Man Who Put the Rainbow in The Wizard of Oz", a *[[Democracy Now!]]* special, including audio/video clips of Yip Harburg, and an extended interview with his son and biographer, Ernie Harburg (video, audio, and print transcript)
*
*E. Y. Harburg papers (first installment) and E. Y. Harburg papers (second installment) held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
*E. Y. Harburg scores (his personal collection), held in the Music Division of the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
*
*Celebrated Lyricist Yip Harburg's ''Rhymes For The Irreverent'' Released February 2, 2006 article on The Freedom From Religion Foundation's website
*April 29, 2006 - Somewhere Over the Rainbow . . . Rhymes for the Irreverent Freedom From Religion Foundation's Podcast
* (BBC Radio 4 programme)
*The Man Who Put the Rainbow in ''The Wizard of Oz'' by Amy Goodman
*1920 passport photo of Yip Harburg(courtesy of the puzzlemaster, flickr.com)
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