ボリス・ティシチェンコ

**ボリス・イヴァノヴィチ・ティシチェンコ**または**ボリース・イヴァーノヴィチ・ティーシチェンコ**（, Boris Ivanovich Tishchenko, 1939年3月23日 - 2010年12月9日）はロシアの作曲家。

## 経歴
レニングラード（現サンクトペテルブルク）生まれ。レニングラード音楽院でドミートリイ・ショスタコーヴィチ、ガリーナ・ウストヴォーリスカヤ他に学んだ。1965年にレニングラード音楽院の教職に就き、1986年に教授に就任。弟子に入野賞受賞者のボリス・フィラノフスキーがいる。

「ショスタコーヴィチの証言」で知られるソロモン・ヴォルコフをショスタコーヴィチに紹介したのはティシチェンコであった。思想的、哲学的内容を感じさせるような音楽を書こうとする傾向は師であるショスタコーヴィチを受け継いでいる。

### 作風
大学院時代に書かれた「チェロ協奏曲第1番」は、当初は独奏以外に17管楽器と打楽器、ハーモニウムという編成であったが、編成の特異さから演奏機会が少ないことを嘆いたショスタコーヴィチによって通常の管弦楽版が作成された（作品134a）。ショスタコーヴィチのチェロ協奏曲第1番は、この曲からの影響で作曲されたとも言われている。ちなみにチェロ協奏曲第2番もまた48のチェロ、12のコントラバスに打楽器というかなり異様な編成である（ただし作曲者自身による通常の管弦楽版もある）。

「チューブラー・ベルとグロッケンを伴うピアノソナタ第7番」では、チューブラー・ベルが音数を一音ずつ増やしつつクレッシェンドし、最高潮に到達したところでピアノのクラスターと和音が弔鐘のようにゆっくりと連打される。一種の宗教的な雰囲気をかもし出すものの、ピアノソロになった部分では突如としてドミソの三和音連打で新古典的展開が始まる。楽曲の統一が取られない点に当時のソ連の体制によって自由な創作を制限された音楽家の状況が垣間見られるが、これをアルフレート・シュニトケのポリスタイリズムと同様のものと見ることもできる。

### ピアノ作品
作曲家本人もピアノの名手であり、録音ものこされている。ピアノソナタの録音はほぼ別のピアニストを雇っている。現在はピアノソナタ全曲の録音がノーザンフラワーズから改めてリリースされる予定である。

### 晩年
ダンテのための交響曲を五つ書くと宣言し、実行したのち、2010年12月9日、長い闘病生活の末にこの世を去った。

## 作曲作品
### 舞台作品
**Newly-Ploughed Virgin Soil*, incidental music, Op. 16 (1959)
**The Twelve*, ballet in four acts, Op. 25 (1963)
**The Death of Pushkin*, dramatic music, Op. 38 (1967)
**Fly-Bee*, ballet in one act, Op 39 (1968)
**The Stolen Sun*, opera in one act, Op. 40 (1968) (libretto by Mikhail Bialik, Z. Korogodsky and B. Tishchenko, after the tale by Korney Chukovsky)
**A Cockroach*, musical comedy in one act, Op. 41 (1968) (libretto by Z. Korogodsky, after the tale by Korney Chukovsky)
**The Choice*, music to A. Arbuzov's Play, Op. 51 (1972)
**That One Who Gets a Slap*, music to L. Andreyev's play, Op. 55 (1973)
**Circus Suite*, from the above, Op. 55a (1973)
**Yaroslavna* (The Eclipse), ballet in three acts, Op. 58 (1974)
**Advice and Love*, music to V. Tendriakov's play, Op. 60 (1974)
**A Lark*, incidental music for J. Anouilh's play, Op. 62 (1974)
**Rosa Bernd*, music to G. Hauptman's play, Op. 65 (1975)
**The Children of the Sun*, music to M. Gorky's play, Op. 66 (1976)
**An Ignoramus*, music to D. Fonvizin's play, Op. 68 (1976)
**The Seven Call Signs*, Op. 70 (1977) (music for the Olympic Games in 1980, but not used)
**Ivanov*, music to A. Chekhov's play, Op. 72 (1978)
**An Emigrant from Brisbane*, music to G. Shekhade's play, Op. 73 (1978)
**Richard the Third*, music to W. Shakespeare's play, Op. 74 (1978)
**A Shore*, music to Yu. Bondarev's play, Op. 75 (1979)
**Excuse Me*, music to V. Astafiev's play, Op. 78 (1980)
**Continuation of Don Juan*, music to A. Radzinsky's play, Op. 82 (1980)
**Rumours*, music to A. Salinsky's play, Op. 88 (1983)
**Such a Long Winter*, music to Yu. Voronov's play, Op. 89 (1984)
**Light but not Heat*, music to A. Ostrovsky's play, Op. 95 (1986)
**The Three Sisters*, music to Chekhov's play, Op. 102 (1987)
**The Dog's Heart*, music to Chervinsky's play, Op. 103 (1988)
**The Event*, music to Nabokov's play, Op. 110 (1991)
**George Dandin*, Music to Molière's play, Op 117 (1993)
**Boris Godunov*, music for Pushkin's tragedy, Op. 126 (1999)
**Duel*, music for drama production after A. Chekhov, Op. 134 (2003)

### 映画音楽
**On One Planet*, Op. 33 (1965)
**Birth of a Ship*, Op. 43 (1969)
**The Pier of That Shore*, Op. 49 (1971)
**The Word about Prince Igor Troop*, Op. 50 (1971) (not released)
**The Day of Reception on Personal Issues*, Op. 59 (1974)
**The Children As Children*, Op. 71 (1978)
**Light in a Window*, Op. 79 (1980)
**Sergei Ivanovich is Retiring*, Op. 80 (1980)
**Yet before the War*, Op. 86 (1982) (not used)
**Fires*, Op. 91 (1984)
**Igor Savovich*, Op. 100 (1986)
**Lost Time*, Op. 107 (1988)

### 管弦楽作品
*Symphonies
**Symphony No. 1, Op. 20 (1961)
**Symphony No. 2, Op. 28 (1964)
**Symphony No. 3, Op. 36 (1966)
**Symphony No. 4, with narrator, Op. 61 (1974)
**Symphony No. 5, Op. 67 (1976)
**Symphony No. 6, for soprano, contralto and symphony orchestra, Op 105 (1988)
**Symphony No. 7, Op. 119 (1994)
**Symphony No. 8 (2008)
**Symphony No. 9 "fragment" (2010/13)
**Praeludium e Fugue*, for string orchestra, Op. 7 (1957)
**A French Symphony*, Op. 12/116 (1958, rev. 1993)
**Danaide*, symphonic poem, Op. 24 (1963)
**Octaves*, Op. 26 (1963)
**Palekh*, Op. 34 (1965)
**Sinfonia Robusta*, Op. 46 (1970)
**Praeludium* in E, symphonic piece, Op. 87 (1983) (Dedicated to the jubilee of Y. Mravinsky's orchestra)
**The Blockade Chronicle*, a symphony for full orchestra, Op.92 (1984)
**Concerto Alla Marcia*, for sixteen soloists, Op. 106 (1989)
**Beatrice* (Choreo-symphonic cycle, 1998–2005)
** Dante Symphony No. 1 ("Among the living"), Op. 123 No. 1 (1998)
** Dante Symphony No. 2 ("Abandon Hope, All Ye Who Enter Here"), Op. 123 No. 2 (2000)
** Dante Symphony No. 3 ("Inferno"), Op. 123 No. 3 (2001)
** Dante Symphony No. 4 ("Purgatory"), Op. 123 No. 4 (2003)
** Dante Symphony No. 5 ("Paradise"), Op. 123 No. 5 (2005)
**Pushkin Symphony*, Op. 125 (1998)
**Huge Sonata* for string orchestra, Op. 132 (2002)
*Variations on three themes by D. Shostakovich for symphony orchestra, Op. 143 (2005)

### 協奏作品
*Piano Concerto, Op. 21 (1962)
*Violin Concerto No. 1, Op. 9/29 (1958, rev. 1964)
*Violin Concerto No. 2, Op. 84 (1981)
*Cello Concerto No. 1, for solo cello, 17 wind instruments, percussion, and harmonium, Op. 23 (1963) (Also orchestrated by Dmitri Shostakovich in 1969)
*Cello Concerto No. 2, for solo cello, 48 cellos, 12 double-basses, and percussion, Op. 44 (1969, rearranged for orchestra in 1979)
*Concerto for Flute, Piano and String Orchestra, Op. 54 (1972)
*Harp Concerto, Op. 69 (1977)
*Concerto for Violin, Piano and String Orchestra, Op. 144 (2006)

### ピアノ独奏作品
*Variations for piano, Op. 1 (1956)
*Piano Sonatas
**Piano Sonata No. 1, Op. 3/121 (1957, rev. 1995)
**Piano Sonata No. 2, Op. 17 (1960)
**Piano Sonata No. 3, Op. 32 (1965)
**Piano Sonata No. 4, Op. 53 (1972)
**Piano Sonata No. 5, Op. 56 (1973)
**Piano Sonata No. 6, Op. 64 (1976)
**Piano Sonata No. 7, with bells, Op. 85 (1982)
**Piano Sonata No. 8, Op. 99 (1986)
**Piano Sonata No. 9, Op. 114 (1992)
**Piano Sonata No. 10, Op. 124 (1997)
**Piano Sonata NO. 11, Op. 151 (2009)
*Suite for Piano No. 1, Op. 4 (1957)
*Suite for Piano No. 2, Op. 6 (1957)
**A Muleteer*, fable for piano, Op. 11 (1958)
*Three Riddles for Piano, Op. 19 (1960)
*Eight Portraits for Piano 4-hands, Op. 122b (1996)
**Invasion*, concert étude for piano on the theme of P. Dvoirin, Op. 131 (2002)
**Muddle*, concert étude for piano on the theme of P. Dvoirin, Op. 133 (2003)

### 独奏作品
*Sonata for Solo Violin No. 1, Op. 5 (1957)
*Sonata for Solo Violin No. 2, Op. 63 (1975)
*Sonata for Solo Cello No. 1, Op. 18 (1960)
*Sonata for Solo Cello No. 2, Op. 76 (1979)
*Sonata for Solo Cello No. 3, Op. 136 (2003)
*Rondo for Violin and Piano, Op 2 (1956)
*Twelve Inventions for Organ, Op. 27 (1964)
*Capriccio for Violin and Piano, Op. 31 (1965)
*Two Pieces for Percussion, Op. 45 (1970)
*Four Pieces for Tuba solo, Op. 94 (1985)
*Twelve Portraits for Organ, Op. 113 (1992)
*Fantasy for Violin and Piano, Op. 118 (1994)
*Sonata for Recorder (five instruments) and Organ, Op. 127 (1999)

### 室内楽作品
**Praeludium e Fugue*, for string quartet (1957)
*String Quartets
**String Quartet No. 1, Op. 8 (1957)
**String Quartet No. 2, Op. 13 (1959)
**String Quartet No. 3, Op. 47 (1970)
**String Quartet No. 4, Op. 77 (1980)
**String Quartet No. 5, Op. 90 (1984)
**String Quartet No. 6, Op. 148 (2007)
**Northern Exercises*, suite for ensemble, Op. 42 (1968)
*Piano Quintet, Op. 93 (1985)
**The Dog's Heart*, novels for chamber ensemble (after Mikhail Bulgakov, Op. 104 (1988)
*Concerto for Clarinet and Piano Trio, Op. 109 (1990)

### 声楽と管弦楽のための作品
**Lenin is Alive*, cantata after Vladimir Mayakovsky for mixed chorus with orchestra, Op. 15 (1959)
**Suzdal*, suite for soprano, tenor and chamber-orchestra, Op. 30 (1964)
**Requiem*, after Anna Akhmatova for soprano, tenor and symphony orchestra, Op. 35 (1966)
**Hard Frost*, aria for mezzo-soprano and orchestra, Op. 60a (1974)
**Beatrice*, choral-symphonic cycle after Dante Alighieri's "Divine Comedy", Op. 123 (1997)
**The Run of Time*, vocal cycle on poems by Anna Akhmatova for soprano and string orchestra, Op. 135b (2003)

### 声楽作品
**A White Stork*, vocal cycle for medium voice and piano, Op. 10 (1958)
**Yuaffu*, four choruses for chorus a cappella, Op. 14 No. 1 (1959)
**Energy*, fugue for chorus a cappella, Op. 14 No. 2 (1959)
**The Wedding Song* for female chorus, Op. 16a (1959)
**Sad Songs*, vocal cycle for soprano and piano, Op. 22 (1962)
*Three Songs to Verses by Marina Tsvetaeva for medium voice and piano, Op. 48 (1970)
*Five Songs to Verses by O. Driz for medium voice and piano, Op. 57 (1974)
**The Will* for soprano, harp and organ, Op. 96 (1986)
**To My Brother* for soprano, flute and harp, Op. 98 (1986)
**The Garden of Music*, cantata for soprano, mezzo-soprano, baritone and piano trio, Op. 101 (1987)
**The Chelom Wise Men*, a vocal-instrumental quartet for violin, soprano, bass and piano, Op. 112 (1991)
**The Devildraft*, cycle for medium voice and piano, Op. 120 (1995)
**Sea Background*, three études for low voice and piano on poems by A. Tolstoy, Op. 128 (2000)
**Our Hour of Death is Inevitable*, three romances for middle voice and piano on poems by H. Heine, D. Harms and I. Guberman,  Op. 129 (2001)
**Simple Truth*, three romances on poems by S. Marshak, M. Tsvetaeva and G. Shpalikov. Op. 130 (2001)
**The Run of Time*, vocal cycle on poems by Anna Akhmatova for soprano, violin and cello, Op. 135 (2003)
**The Orange*, vocal cycle on poems of different poets for soprano, bass and piano, Op. 137 (2004)
**Strong Thoughts*, for soloists and chorus a cappella, Op. 145 (2006)

### 編曲作品
**L'Incoronazione di Poppea*, Orchestration of the opera by C. Monteverdi,  Op. 37 (1967)
*Deciphering of Japanese Gagaku, Op.52 (1972)
**Boris Godunov*, Orchestration for three Choruses from Prokofiev's Music to Pushkin's Tragedy, Op. 52a (1972)
**Satires*, orchestration of Shostakovich's Vocal Cycle to words by S. Chorny, Op. 81 (1980)
*Version of Shostakovich Piano Trio No. 1, Opus 81 Bis (1980)
**Four Poems by Captain Lebyadkin, orchestration of Shostakovich's vocal cycle to words by Dostoyevsky, Op. 97 (1986)
**Antiformalistic Little Paradise (Rayok)*, Orchestration of Shostakovich vocal cycle, Op. 108 (1989)
*Orchestration of four romances by Grieg, Op 111 (1991)
*Orchestration of seven songs by Mahler, Op. 115 (1993)
**Five Romances on poems from the magazine „Crocodile“*, orchestration of vocal cycle by Shostakovich, Op. 138 (2005)
**Musical Escapade*, orchestration of vocal cycle by I. Schlein, Op. 139 (2005)
*Reconstruction of two lost parts of the symphony "Americas" by I. Schlein, Op. 139b (2005)
**Lamento*, orchestration of third movement of Piano Sonata No. 29 by Beethoven for harp and string orchestra, Op. 140 (2005)
*Reconstruction of the beginning of Part IV of Symphony No. 2 by I. Schlein, Op. 141 (2005)
**Vocalis Etude'', orchestration of piece by Maurice Ravel, Op. 142 (2005) (In the form of Habañera)

## 脚注

## 参考文献
*Gerald McBurney (2010-12-16). "Boris Tishchenko obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 2015-06-30.
*Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 27 ноября 2002 г. № 1362
*Распоряжение Правительства Российской Федерации от 24 декабря 2008 г. № 1952-р

## 外部リンク
* reMusik's page on composer Boris Tishchenko
*Boris Tishchenko Internet Edition compiled by Onno van Rijen