Solanum

***Solanum*** er stór og fjölbreytt ættkvísl blómstrandi plantna, sem inniheldur tvær mikilvægar  nytjaplöntur; kartöflur og tómata. Einnig eru margar skrautplöntur innan ættkvíslarinnar.

*Solanum* tegundir sýna mikinn breytileika í vaxtareiginleikum, frá einærum plöntum til fjölærra, klifurjurtir, runnar og lítil tré. Margar ættkvíslir sem áður voru taldar sjálfstæðar eins og *[[Lycopersicon]]* (tómatar) og *[[Cyphomandra]]* eru nú settar undir *Solanum* sem undirættkvíslir eða deildir. Þannig telur ættkvíslin nú um 1,500–2,000 tegundir.

## Nafn
Ættkvíslarnafnið var fyrst notað af Pliny eldri (23–79) yfir plöntu sem var einnig nefnd *strychnos*, líklegast *S. nigrum*. Uppruni orðsins er óviss, hugsanlega dreginn af latneska orðinu *sol*, í merkingunni "sól", með vísun í að hún væri á sólríkum stað.  Annar möguleiki er að rótin er *solare*, í merkingunni "að róa", eða *solamen*, í merkingunni "hugga", sem væri vísun í virkni jurtasrinnar.

## Matjurtir
Mesti partur plantnanna, sérstaklega grænir hlutar og óþroskaðir ávextir eru eitraðir mönnum (en ekki endilega öðrum dýrum), en margar tegundirnar eru með æta hluta, svo sem ber, blöð, eða hnýði. Þrjár tegundir eru sérstaklega mikilvægar í matvælaframleiðslu:
* Tómatur, *S. lycopersicum*

* Kartafla, *S. tuberosum*
* Eggaldin, *S. melongena*

## Skrautplöntur
Algengustu skrautjurtirnar eru:-
**[[Solanum aviculare|S. aviculare]]* 
**[[Solanum capsicastrum|S. capsicastrum]]* 
**[[Solanum crispum|S. crispum]]* 
**[[Solanum laciniatum|S. laciniatum]]* 
**[[Solanum laxum|S. laxum]]* 
**[[Solanum pseudocapsicum|S. pseudocapsicum]]* 
**[[Solanum rantonnetii|S. rantonnetii]]* 
**[[Solanum seaforthianum|S. seaforthianum]]* 
**[[Solanum wendlandii|S. wendlandii]]* 

## Flokkun
Ættkvíslin var sett af Carl Linnaeus 1753. Niðurdeiling ættkvíslarinnar hefur löngum verið vandamál, en smátt og smátt er að koma samstaða.

### Subgenus ''Bassovia''
**Section ''Allophylla***
* *Solanum granuloso-leprosum*
*'Section *Cyphomandropsis***
* ''[[Solanum glaucophyllum]]'' <small>Desf.</small> 
**Section *Pachyphylla***
* ''[[Solanum betaceum]]'' <small>Cav.</small> – Tamarillo
* ''[[Solanum exiguum]]''
* ''[[Solanum roseum]]''

===Subgenus ''Leptostemonum''===





**Section *Acanthophora***
* ''[[Solanum aculeatissimum]]'' <small>Jacq.</small> – 
* ''[[Solanum atropurpureum]]'' <small>Schrank</small> – 
* ''[[Solanum capsicoides]]'' – 
* ''[[Solanum mammosum]]'' – 
* ''[[Solanum palinacanthum]]'' <small>[[Michel Félix Dunal|Dunal]]</small>
* ''[[Solanum viarum]]'' <small>Dunal</small> – 
**Section *Androceras***: 12 spp.[https://www.jstor.org/pss/2418419]
* Series ''Androceras''
* Series ''Violaceiflorum''
* Series ''Pacificum''
**Section *Anisantherum***<br />
**Section *Campanulata***<br />
**Section *Crinitum***<br />
**Section *Croatianum***<br />
**Section *Erythrotrichum***
* ''[[Solanum robustum]]'' <small>H.L.Wendl.</small> – 
**Section *Graciliflorum***<br />
**Section *Herposolanum***
* ''[[Solanum wendlandii]]'' <small>Hook.f.</small> – 
**Section *Irenosolanum***
* ''[[Solanum incompletum]]'' <small>Dunal</small> – 
* ''[[Solanum nelsonii]]'' <small>Dunal</small> – 
* ''[[Solanum sandwicense]]'' <small>Hook. & Arn.</small> – 
**Section *Ischyracanthum***<br />
**Section *Lasiocarpa***
* ''[[Solanum lasiocarpum]]'' <small>Dunal</small>
* ''[[Solanum pseudolulo]]'' – 
* ''[[Solanum quitoense]]'' – 
* ''[[Solanum sessiliflorum]]'' – 
**Section *Melongena***
* ''[[Solanum aculeastrum]]'' – 
* ''[[Solanum campechiense]]'' – 
* ''[[Solanum carolinense]]'' <small></small> – Villitómatur
* ''[[Solanum citrullifolium]]'' <small>A.Braun</small> – 
* ''[[Solanum dimidiatum]]'' <small>Raf.</small> – 
* ''[[Solanum elaeagnifolium]]''
* ''[[Solanum heterodoxum]]'' <small>Dunal</small> – 
* ''[[Solanum incanum]]'' <small>L.</small>
* ''[[Solanum linnaeanum]]'' – 
* ''[[Solanum macrocarpon]]'' <small>L.</small>
* ''[[Solanum marginatum]]'' <small>L.f.</small> – 
* ''[[Solanum melongena]]'' – [[Eggaldin]] (ásamt''S. ovigerum'')
* ''[[Solanum rostratum]]'' <small>Dunal</small> – 
* ''[[Solanum sisymbriifolium]]'' <small>[[Jean-Baptiste Lamarck|Lam.]]</small> – 
* ''[[Solanum virginianum]]'' <small>L.</small>
**Section *Micracantha***
* ''[[Solanum jamaicense]]'' <small>Mill.</small> – 
* ''[[Solanum lanceifolium]]'' <small>Jacq.</small> – 
* ''[[Solanum tampicense]]'' <small>Dunal</small> – 
**Section *Monodolichopus***<br />
**Section *Nycterium***<br />
**Section *Oliganthes***
* ''[[Solanum aethiopicum]]'' – (ásamt ''S. gilo'')
* ''[[Solanum centrale]]'' 
* ''[[Solanum cleistogamum]]'' – 
* ''[[Solanum ellipticum]]'' – 
* ''[[Solanum pyracanthos]]'' <small>Lam.</small> – 
* ''[[Solanum quadriloculatum]]'' <small>F.Muell.</small> – Villitómatar
**Section *Persicariae***
* ''[[Solanum bahamense]]'' <small>L.</small> – 
* ''[[Solanum ensifolium]]'' <small>Dunal</small> – 
**Section *Polytrichum***<br />
**Section *Pugiunculifera***<br />
**Section *Somalanum***<br />
**Section *Torva***
* ''[[Solanum asteropilodes]]''
* ''[[Solanum chrysotrichum]]'' <small>Schltdl.</small> 
* ''[[Solanum lanceolatum]]'' – 
* ''[[Solanum paniculatum]]'' – 
* ''[[Solanum torvum]]'' –

===Subgenus ''Lyciosolanum''===
* ''[[Solanum guineense]]'' <small>L.</small>

===Subgenus ''Solanum sensu stricto''===






**Section *Afrosolanum***<br />
**Section *Anarrhichomenum***
* ''[[Solanum baretiae]]''
**Section *Archaesolanum***
* ''[[Solanum aviculare]]'' – 
**Section *Basarthrum***
* ''[[Solanum catilliflorum]]''
* ''[[Solanum muricatum]]'' – [[Melónupera]], Pepino
* ''[[Solanum perlongistylum]]''
* ''[[Solanum tergosericeum]]''
**Section *Benderianum***<br />
**Section *Brevantherum***
* ''[[Solanum bullatum]]''
* ''[[Solanum erianthum]]'' <small>D.Don</small> – 
* ''[[Solanum mauritianum]]'' – 
* [[Solanum evolvuloides]]
**Section *Dulcamara***
* ''[[Solanum crispum]]'' – 
* ''[[Solanum dulcamara]]'' – [[Náttskuggi]]
* ''[[Solanum imbaburense]]''
* ''[[Solanum laxum]]'' <small>Spreng.</small> – [[Skollakirsi]] 
* ''[[Solanum leiophyllum]]''
* ''[[Solanum seaforthianum]]'' <small>Andrews</small> – 
* ''[[Solanum triquetrum]]'' <small>Cav.</small> – 
* ''[[Solanum wallacei]]'' – villitómatur (ásamt''S. clokeyi'')
* ''[[Solanum xanti]]'' – 
**Section *Herpystichum***<br />
**Section *Holophylla***
* ''[[Solanum diphyllum]]'' <small>L.</small> – 
* ''[[Solanum pseudocapsicum]]'' – [[Jerúsalemskirsuber]] (ásamt''S. capsicastrum'')
* ''[[Solanum pseudoquina]]'' (ásamt ''S. inaequale'' <small>Vell.</small>)
**Section *Juglandifolia***
* ''[[Solanum juglandifolium]]''
* ''[[Solanum ochranthum]]''
**Section *Lemurisolanum***<br />
**Section *Lycopersicoides***
* ''[[Solanum lycopersicoides]]'' <small>Dunal</small> – 
* ''[[Solanum sitiens]]''
**Section *Lycopersicon***

* ''[[Solanum arcanum]]'' <small>Peralta</small> – Villitómatur
* ''[[Solanum chilense]]''
* ''[[Solanum corneliomulleri]]''
* ''[[Solanum huaylasense]]'' <small>Peralta</small>
* ''[[Solanum peruvianum]]'' <small>L.</small> – Villitómatur
* ''[[Solanum cheesmaniae]]'' <small>(L.Riley) Fosberg</small>
* ''[[Solanum chmielewskii]]''
* ''[[Solanum galapagense]]'' <small>S.C.Darwin & Peralta</small>
* ''[[Solanum habrochaites]]''
* ''[[Solanum lycopersicum]]'' – [[Tómatur]]
* ''[[Solanum neorickii]]''
* ''[[Solanum pennelli]]''
* ''[[Solanum pimpinellifolium]]'' – 

**Section *Macronesiotes***<br />
**Section *Normania***<br />
**Section *Petota***
* ''[[Solanum albornozii]]''
* ''[[Solanum bulbocastanum]]'' – 
* ''[[Solanum bukasovii]]'' <small>Juz. ex Rybin</small>
* ''[[Solanum burtonii]]''
* ''[[Solanum cardiophyllum]]'' – 
* ''[[Solanum chilliasense]]''
* ''[[Solanum commersonii]]'' <small>Dunal</small> –
* ''[[Solanum demissum]]'' <small>Lindl.</small> – Villikartafla
* ''[[Solanum jamesii]]'' – Villikartafla
* ''[[Solanum minutifoliolum]]''
* ''[[Solanum paucijugum]]''
* ''[[Solanum phureja]]'' <small>Juz. & Bukasov</small>
* ''[[Solanum pinnatisectum]]'' <small>Dunal</small> – 
* ''[[Solanum regularifolium]]''
* ''[[Solanum stoloniferum]]'' <small>Schltdl.</small> – 
* ''[[Solanum stenotomum]]'' (ásamt ''S. goniocalyx'')
* ''[[Solanum ternatum]]'' (ásamt''S. ternifolium'')
* ''[[Solanum tuberosum]]'' – [[Kartafla]]
**Section *Pteroidea***<br />
**Section *Quadrangulare***<br />
**Section *Regmandra***<br />
**Section *Solanum**'
* *Solanum adscendens* <small>Sendtner</small> – 
* *Solanum americanum* <small>[[Philip Miller|Mill.]]</small> 
* *Solanum chenopodioides* <small>Lam.</small> – (ásamt*S. gracilius*)
* *Solanum douglasii* <small>Dunal</small> – 
* *Solanum interius* <small>Rydb.</small>
* *Solanum nigrescens* <small>M.Martens & Galeotti</small> – 
* *Solanum nigrum* <small>L.</small> – [[Húmskuggi]]
*  S. nigrum guineense- "Garden Huckleberry"
* *Solanum pseudogracile* <small>Heiser</small> – 
* *Solanum ptychanthum* – 
* *Solanum retroflexum* – 
* *Solanum sarrachoides* – 
* *Solanum scabrum*  <small>Mill.</small> – 
* *Solanum triflorum* <small>Nutt.</small> – 
* *Solanum villosum* <small>Mill.</small> – [[Kvöldskuggi]]

===Ýmsar aðrar tegundir===


* *Solanum amygdalifolium* <small>Steud.</small>
* *Solanum bellum*
* *Solanum cajanumense*
* *Solanum chimborazense*
* *Solanum chrysasteroides*
* *Solanum cinnamomeum*
* *Solanum conocarpum* <small>Rich. ex Dunal</small> – 
* *Solanum cowiei* <small>Martine</small>
* *Solanum cremastanthemum*
* *Solanum davisense* <small>Whalen</small> – 
* *Solanum densepilosulum*
* *Solanum donianum* <small>Walp.</small> – 
* *Solanum dolichorhachis*
* *Solanum fallax*
* *Solanum ferox* <small>L.</small> – 
* *Solanum fortunense*
* *Solanum furcatum* – 
* *Solanum glabratum* <small>Dunal</small>
* *Solanum haleakalaense* <small>H.St.John</small>
* *Solanum hindsianum* <small>Benth.</small> – 
* *Solanum hypermegethes*
* *Solanum hypocalycosarcum*
* *Solanum interandinum*
* *Solanum latiflorum*
* *Solanum leucodendron*
* *Solanum lumholtzianum* <small>Bartlett</small> – 
* *Solanum luteoalbum* (ásamt *S. semicoalitum*)
* *Solanum lycocarpum* – 
* *Solanum melissarum* <small>Bohs</small>
* *Solanum nudum* <small>Dunal</small> – 
* *Solanum ovum-fringillae*
* *Solanum paralum*
* *Solanum parishii* <small>A.Heller</small> – 
* *Solanum physalifolium* <small>Rusby</small>
* *Solanum pinetorum*
* *Solanum polygamum* <small>Vahl</small> – 
* *Solanum pyrifolium* <small>Lam.</small>
* *Solanum pubescens* <small>Willd.</small>
* *Solanum riedlei* <small>Dunal</small> – 
* *Solanum rudepannum* <small>Dunal</small>
* *Solanum rugosum* <small>Dunal</small> – 
* *Solanum sibundoyense*
* *Solanum sodiroi* (ásamt *S. carchiense*)
* *Solanum sycocarpum*
* *Solanum tenuipes* <small>Bartlett</small> – 
* *Solanum tobagense*
* *Solanum trilobatum* <small>L.</small>
* *Solanum umbelliferum* – 
* *Solanum verrogeneum* <small>Berengena</small>
* *Solanum violaceum* <small>Ortega</small>
* *Solanum viride* <small>Spreng.</small> – e
* *Solanum woodburyi* <small>Howard</small> – 

===Áður undir Solanum===

Nokkrar tegundir af öðrum ættkvíslum hafa fyrrum verið settar undir *Solanum*:
* *Chamaesaracha coronopus* (sem *S. coronopus*)
* *Lycianthes biflora* (sem *S. multifidum* <small>Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don</small>)
* *Lycianthes denticulata* (sem *S. gouakai* var. *angustifolium* and var. *latifolium*)
* *Lycianthes lycioides* (sem *S. lycioides* var. *angustifolium*)
* *Lycianthes mociniana* (sem *S. uniflorum* <small>Dunal in Poir.</small> og *S. uniflorum* <small>Sessé & Moc.</small>)
* *Lycianthes rantonnetii* (sem *S. rantonnetii*, *S. urbanum* var. *ovatifolium* og var. *typicum*)
* Ógreindar eða óljósar tegundir af *Lycianthes* hefur verið vísað til sem *S. chrysophyllum*, *S. ciliatum* <small>Blume ex Miq.</small>, *S. corniculatum* <small>Hiern</small>, *S. lanuginosum*, *S. loxense*, *S. mucronatum*, *S. retrofractum* var. *acuminatum*, *S. violaceum* <small>Blume</small>, *S. violifolium* f. *typicum*, *S. virgatum* notst *β albiflorum*, *S. uniflorum* <small>Lag.</small> eða *S. uniflorum* var. *berterianum''.

## Tilvísanir

## Ytri tenglar
*Meet the TomTato: Tomatoes and potatoes grown as one – CBS News  (September 26, 2013)