Listi yfir Capsicum afbrigði

Þetta er listi yfir ræktunarafbrigði af *Capsicum*, sem tilheyra fimm megintegundunum (genus *[[Capsicum]]*): *[[Capsicum annuum|C. annuum]], [[Capsicum chinense|C. chinense]], [[Capsicum baccatum|C. baccatum]], [[Capsicum frutescens|C. frutescens]], og [[Capsicum pubescens|C. pubescens]].* Vegna mikils (og stækkandi) fjölda ræktunarafbrigða, og breitileika á nafngjöf þeirra eftir svæðum, sýnir þessi listi bara brot af þeim 50,000 (áætlað) afbrigðum sem eru til.

## ''Capsicum'' tegundir
Það eru kannski fimmtíu þúsund *Capsicum* afbrigði ræktuð á heimsvísu.  Fræsafn USDA-ARS GRIN inniheldur eitt og sér um 6,200 *[[Capsicum]]* afbrigði, af þeim eru 4000 *[[Capsicum annuum]]*. Aðrar *Capsicum* tegundir í USDA germplasm repository eru: *[[Capsicum chinense|C. chinense]], [[Capsicum baccatum|C. baccatum]], [[Capsicum frutescens|C. frutescens]], [[Capsicum pubescens|C. pubescens]], [[Capsicum cardenasii|C. cardenasii]], [[Capsicum chacoense|C. chacoense]], C. flexuosum, [[Capsicum eximium|C. eximium]], [[Capsicum rhomboideum|C. rhomboideum]], C. galapagoense,* og *C. tovarii.* 

Það eru um fimm megintegundir af *[[Capsicum]]*, *[[Capsicum annuum|C. annuum]], [[Capsicum chinense|C. chinense]], [[Capsicum baccatum|C. baccatum]], [[Capsicum frutescens|C. frutescens]] og [[Capsicum pubescens|C. pubescens]]*.  This includes the *Capsicum annuum complex,* which consists of *C. annuum, C. frutescens,* and *C. chinense*.

Major species and their taxonomic varieties:
**[[Capsicum annuum]]*, sem eru paprikur og sætur eldpipar, serrano, cayenne og jalapeños
**[[Capsicum baccatum]]*, sem telur Suður Amerísk afbrigði, svo sem ají amarillo, ají limon og criolla sella
**[[Capsicum chinense]]*, sem telur alla Habaneróa, Scotch Bonnets, Trinidad Scorpions, Bhut Jolokia og Carolina Reaper.
**[[Capsicum frutescens]],* sem telur Tabascos og mörg afbrigði sem eru ræktuð í Indlandi; stundum ekki talin aðskiin tegund frá *C. annuum*.
**[[Capsicum pubescens]]*, sem telja Rocoto og Manzano pepper, og eru einkennandi með að hafa fjólublá blóm, svört fræ og hærð dökkgræn blöð, og að vaxa sem margstofna klifurplanta, að 5 m há.

### ''Capsicum'' gerðir

## Afbrigði

### ''Capsicum annuum''

}
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| Mora
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|  long by  wide
| A small, purple chili, it is always used dry. It is extremely spicy, and is used as a substitute for chipotle when more powerful spice is needed.
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| Morita
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| Morita: A variety of the chipotle style of chiles (dried smoked jalapeños).
Not actually a cultivar, a Morita is certain type of jalapeño  at the fully ripened, purplish color (hence the name – *mora* = 'berry'), and dried when they are leathery but still shiny.
Also called mora chile and  (literally 'colored chipotle' but implies 'ruddy', 'rosy', or 'blushing'). Usually smaller – about  – after drying.
Usually spicier than the typical chipotle.
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| Mulato
| Poblano
| Mexíkó
|  2,500–3,000 Scoville
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| Grown in Mexico, the mulato is a mild to medium chili pepper, closely related to the poblano (ancho), and usually sold dried.
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| Moshi
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| Tanzanía
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| Naschzipfel
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| mildur, sætur
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| New Mexico No. 6
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| Bandaríkin
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| New Mexico 6-4
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| Bandaríkin
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| New Mexico No. 9
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| Bandaríkin
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| Nippon Taka
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| Japan
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| NuMex April Fool's Day
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| Bandaríkin
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| Ornamental chili plant with long, thin pods, fruits mature from purple to red.
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| NuMex Bailey Piquin
| Skraut
| Bandaríkin
|  97,000 Scoville
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| NuMex Barker's X-Hot
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| Bandaríkin
|  9,000–15,000 Scoville
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| NuMex Big Jim
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| Bandaríkin
|  2,000–4,000 Scoville
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| NuMex Centennial
| Skraut
| Bandaríkin
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| Ornamental chili plant with upright, bullet-shaped pods. Colour transitions from purple to yellow, orange and finally red.
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| NuMex Chinese New Year
| Skraut
| Bandaríkin
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| Ornamental chili plant with bullet-shaped fruits that grow in clusters. Fruits mature from light green to red.
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| NuMex Christmas
| Skraut
| United States
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| Ornamental chili plant with upright, bullet-shaped pods. Colour transitions from green to bright red.
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| NuMex Cinco de Mayo
| Ornamental
| Bandaríkin
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| Ornamental chili plant with long, thin pods; fruits mature from yellow to red.
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| NuMex Conquistador
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| Bandaríkin
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| NuMex Earth Day
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| Bandaríkin
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| NuMex Easter
| Skraut
| Bandaríkin
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| Ornamental chili plant with upright, bullet-shaped pods, fruits turning purple–white–red while ripening.
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| NuMex Eclipse
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| Bandaríkin
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| NuMex Garnet
| Anaheim
| Bandaríkin
|  0 Scoville
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| NuMex Halloween
| Skraut
| Bandaríkin
|  20,000–30,000 Scoville
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| Ornamental chili plant with small, upright, bullet-shaped black pods, fruits turning orange while ripening.
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| NuMex Heritage 6-4
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| Bandaríkin
|  3,000–5,000 Scoville
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| NuMex Jalmundo
| Jalapeño
| Bandaríkin
|  17,000 Scoville
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| NuMex Joe E. Parker
| Anaheim
| Bandaríkin
|  2,000–4,000 Scoville
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| NuMex Las Cruces Cayenne
| Cayenne
| Bandaríkin
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| A well yield cayenne cultivar with virus resistance to Beet curly top virus.
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| NuMex Memorial Day
| Skraut
| Bandaríkin
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| Ornamental chili plant with small, upright, bullet-shaped pods; colour transitions from pale ivory to yellow.
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| NuMex Mirasol
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| Bandaríkin
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| Used for cooking in a ground powder and as an ornamental on wreaths.
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| NuMex Nematador
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| Bandaríkin
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| NuMex Piñata
| Skraut
| Bandaríkin
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| NuMex Primavera
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| Bandaríkin
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| NuMex R. Naky
| Anaheim
| Bandaríkin
|  260 Scoville
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| A great mild paprika cultivar.
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| NuMex Sandia Hot
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| Bandaríkin
|  7,000–9,000 Scoville
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| Picture of NuMex Sandia Select  
| NuMex Sandia Select
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| Bandaríkin
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| NuMex St. Patrick's Day
| Skraut
| Bandaríkin
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| Ornamental chili plant with upright, bullet-shaped pods. Colour transitions from green to orange.
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| NuMex Sunburst
| Skraut
| Bandaríkin
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| NuMex Sunflare
| Skraut
| Bandaríkin
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| NuMex Sunglo
| Ornamental
| Bandaríkin
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| NuMex Sunrise
| Ornamental
| Bandaríkin
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| NuMex Sunset
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| Bandaríkin
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| NuMex Sweet
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| Bandaríkin
|  0 Scoville
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| NuMex Thanksgiving
| Skraut
| Bandaríkin
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| Ornamental chili plant with upright, bullet-shaped pods. Colour transitions from pale ivory to orange.
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| NuMex Twilight
| Skraut
| Bandaríkin
|  30,000–50,000 Scoville
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| Ornamental chili plant with upright, bullet-shaped pods. Colour transitions from purple to yellow, orange, and finally red.
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| NuMex Valentine's Day
| Skraut
| Bandaríkin
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| Ornamental chili plant with upright, bullet-shaped pods. Colour transitions from pale ivory to red.
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| NuMex Vaquero
| Jalapeño
| Bandaríkin
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| NuMex Veteran's Day
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| Bandaríkin
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| Ornamental chili plant with upright, bullet-shaped fruits that grow in clusters. Fruits turn from dark violet to dark orange while ripening.
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| Oda
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|  0 Scoville
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| Onza
| Pasilla
| Mexíkó
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| Usually dried for sauces and soups.
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| Orange Bell Pepper
| Blocky
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|  0 Scoville
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| Ostra-Cyklon
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| Pólland
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| Ozark Giant
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|  0 Scoville
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| Padrón
| Pasilla
| Spánn
|  0 Scoville
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| An heirloom variety usually dried and used as spcices in traditional Spanish dishes.
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| Paradicsom Alaku Sarga Szentes
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| Ungverjaland
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| Pumpkin-shaped fruit.
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| Pasilla Bajio
| Pasilla
| Mexíkó
|  1,000–2,000 Scoville
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| Peperone di Cuneo
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| Ítalía
|  0 Scoville
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| Peruvian Purple
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| Perú
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| Peter Pepper
| Ornamental
| Bandaríkin og Mexíkó
|  5,000–30,000 Scoville
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| Rare, heirloom-type hot pepper cultivated for its unique shape.
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| Peperoncino
| Cayenne
| Ítalía
|  15,000–30,000 Scoville]
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| Generic Italian name for hot chili peppers, specifically the cultivars of the species *Capsicum annuum* and *Capsicum frutescens*.
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| Pequin
| Small Hot
| Bandaríkin og Mexíkó
| 100,000–140,000 Scoville
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| Einnig stafað **piquín**
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| Piment d'Espelette
| Pimiento
| Baskaland (Frakklandsmegin)
| 1,500 - 2,500 Scoville
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| Fresh fruits, plants and seeds are known as "Gorria", dried fruits are called "Piment d'Espelette". "Gorria" is the Basque word for "red".

Grown in Espelette since ca. 1650.
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| Pimiento De Padrón
| Pimiento
| Spánn
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| Poblano
| Poblano
| Mexico
|  1,000–2,000 Scoville
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| The large, heart-shaped, dark green fruit is extremely popular in Mexico, often to make *[[chile relleno]]*.  When dried, it is referred to as an **ancho** or **mulato**.
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| Polostra-Rokita Pepper
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|  30,000–50,000 Scoville
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| Prairie Fire
| Ornamental
| Bandaríkin
|  70,000 Scoville 
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| Prik Kee Nu
| Small Hot
| Taíland
|  50,000–100,000 Scoville
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| One of many cultivars called Thai pepper, it has very short fruit, and is very hot. , , , literal: Mouse/rat dropping chili.
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| Purple Flash
| Skraut
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| Skraut
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| Purple Jalapeño
| Jalapeño
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| Jalapeño-like pepper that turns purple before ripening and becoming red.
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| Puya
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| Mexíkó
|  5,000 Scoville
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| *Capsicum annuum* L., hot, medium-size, green to red, and tapered  Also known as a 'Pulla'.
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| Purple Beauty
| Blocky
| Bandaríkin
|  0 Scoville
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| Quadrato d'Asti Rosso
| Blocky
| Ítalía
|  0 Scoville
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| Ram Horn Fireboy
| Lamuyo
| Ungverjaland
|  35,000 Scoville
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| Red Belgian
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| Belgía
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| Red Cheese
| Long sweet
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|  0 Scoville
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| Red Marconi
| Long Sweet
| Ítalía
|  0 Scoville
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| Red Mini Bell
| Blocky
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| Rezha Macedonian
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| Makedónía
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| Ring of Fire
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|  50,000 Scoville
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| Rio Grande 21
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| Bandaríkin
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| Rooster Spur
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| Santa Fe Grande
| Fresno
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| 
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| The Santa Fe Grande is a very prolific variety used in the Southwestern United States. The conical, blunt fruits ripen from greenish-yellow, to orange-yellow to red. The peppers grow upright on 24-in plants. Santa Fe Grande has a slightly sweet taste and is fairly mild in pungency.
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| Sandia
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| Bandaríkin
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| Santaka
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| Heirloom Asian chili.
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| Serrano
| Serrano
| Mexíkó
|  10,000–23,000 Scoville
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| The thin, tapered fruit turns red when mature. Due to its thin skin, it does not need to be peeled before use.
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| Serrano Tampiqueño
| Serrano
| Bandaríkin
|  15,000–25,000 Scoville
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| Sheepnose Pimento
| Pimiento
| Bandaríkin
|  0 Scoville
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| Shishito
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| Japan
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| Sigaretta di Bergamo
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| Ítalía
|  0 Scoville
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| Siling Mahaba
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| Filippseyjar
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| A chili pepper grown in the Philippines, and a popular ingredient in Filipino Cuisine
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| Spanish Piquillo
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| Spánn
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| Sport Pepper
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| Bandaríkin
|  300–500 Scoville
| 4 sm
| Superficially resembling both Tabasco and serrano peppers, the sport pepper is its own distinct cultivar that is much milder than either of those. It is commonly pickled and used in Southern cooking and on Chicago-style hot dogs.
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| Super Chili
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|  40,000–50,000 Scoville
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| Long and thin. Grows from green to red.
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| Sweet Chocolate
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|  0 Scoville
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| Sweet Red Stuffing Pepper
| Long Sweet
| Bandaríkin
|  0 Scoville
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| Sweet Yellow Stuffing Pepper
| Long Sweet
| Bandaríkin
|  0 Scoville
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| Syrian Goat Horn
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| Syrian Three Sided 
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| Syria
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| Takanotsume
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| Tangerine Dream
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| Tam Jalapeño
| Jalapneo
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|  1,000–1,500 Scoville
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| Similar to a jalapeño, but with significantly less heat.
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| Tequila
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|  0 Scoville
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| Purple bell variety, not to be confused with the Tequila Sunrise, which is yellow.
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| Tequila Sunrise Pepper
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|  1000–5000 Scoville
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| Pastel orange in color.
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| Tiburon Pepper
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|  2,000 Scoville
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| Hybrid improvement of the poblano pepper. Resistant to bacterial spot and tobacco mosaic virus.
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| Topepo Rosso
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|  0 Scoville
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| Thai Yellow Chili
| Small, hot
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| Golden yellow version of the Bird's Eye (Thai) chili.
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| Thunder Mountain Longhorn
| Complex flavor with very mild heat
| Kína
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| Tochiigi Santaka - 栃木三鷹
| Lítill, sterkur
| Japan
| 40,000–50,000 Scoville
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| Mjög algengur í japanskri matseld.
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| Tunisian Baklouti
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| Túnis
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| Tien Tsin
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| Kína
|  50,000–75,000 Scoville
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| Thai Bird
| Lítill, sterkur
| Taíland
|  3,000- 7,000 Scoville
| 
| Open-pollinated variety with long, thin erect fruit that mature to red. Used especially in thai dishes. Can be used fresh or dried. Exceptional flavor and spiciness.
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| Violet Sparkle
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|  0 Scoville
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| White Cloud
| Blocky
| Bandaríkin
|  0 Scoville
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| An heirloom ivory colored bell pepper when immature, that matures to red-orange. It has a sweet, mild flavor that bears fruit on an upright, compact plant.
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| White Lakes Pepper
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| Rússland
|  0 Scoville
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| Yellow Monster 
| Blocky
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| Yolo Wonder
| Blocky
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|}

### ''Capsicum baccatum''

Þessir hefa einkennandi ávaxtabragð, og eru oft malaðir í skrautlegt duft í matseld.

### ''Capsicum chinense''

*Capsicum chinense* er í raun rangnefni þar sem allar *Capsicum* tegundir eru upprunnar frá Ameríku. Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin (1727–1817), Hollenskur grasafræðingur, nefndi tegundina þannig 1776 vegna þess að hann hélt að hún væri upprunnin í Kína. 

### ''Capsicum frutescens''
Stundum talinn sama tegund og *C. annuum*

### ''Capsicum pubescens''

*Capsicum pubescens* er ein elsta ræktaða Capsicum tegundin, og er með amk 5000 ár ræktunarsögu. Hann er líklega náskyldur villtum tegundum í Suður Ameríku (*C. cardenasii*, *C. eximium*, og öðrum).

## Sjá einnig
* *[[Capsicum]]*
* International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants
* USDA National Plant Germplasm System
* New Mexico State University: Chile Pepper Insititute

## Athugasemdir

## Tilvísanir

## Viðbótarlesning
*G6CSY chile database: Used as source for information on various cultivars in this article.
*chillisgalore database: More can be found here.
*NMSU Chile Pepper Institute list of chile cultivars