Þjóðarminnismerki (Bandaríkin)

**Þjóðarminnismerki** eða **National Monument** (enska) er í Bandaríkjunum verndað svæði vegna sérstöðu sinnar og er svipað og þjóðgarður nema oft minna að umfangi og kann að vera menningar- og sögulegar minjar. Hugmyndin að því er frá 1906 þegar Hið svokallað Antiquities Act var sett á fót til að vernda rústir og muni frumbyggja. Einnig var þar heimild til að vernda svæði vegna vísindalegrar sérstöðu. Stuðlabergið í Devils Tower var af þeim sökum verndað af Theodore Roosevelt, forseta, sama ár. Miklagljúfur var verndað árið 1908. Sumir þjóðgarða Bandaríkjanna hafa áður verið þjóðarminnismerki. Til dæmis breytti Jimmy Carter, forseti, fjölmörgum slíkum svæðum í Alaska yfir í þjóðgarða árið 1980.

Þjóðarminnismerkjum getur verið stjórnað af eftirfarandi stofnunum: National Park Service, United States Forest Service, United States Fish and Wildlife Service og Bureau of Land Management. Þau eru nú 129 talsins (2021).

## Listi yfir þjóðarminnismerki
*Admiralty Island National Monument Alaska 
*African Burial Ground National Monument New York 
*Agate Fossil Beds National Monument Nebraska 
*Agua Fria National Monument Arizona 
*Alibates Flint Quarries National Monument Texas 
*Aniakchak National Monument and Preserve Alaska 
*Aztec Ruins National Monument New Mexico 
*Bandelier National Monument New Mexico 
*Basin and Range National Monument Nevada 
*Belmont-Paul Women's Equality National Monument Washington D.C.
*Berryessa Snow Mountain National Monument Kalifornía
*Birmingham Civil Rights Alabama
*Booker T. Washington National Monument Virginía 
*Browns Canyon National Monument Colorado 
*Buck Island Reef National Monument Kalifornía
*Cabrillo National Monument Kalifornía
*California Coastal National Monument Kalifornía
*Canyon de Chelly National Monument Arizona 
*Canyons of the Ancients National Monument Colorado 
*Cape Krusenstern National Monument Alaska 
*Capulin Volcano National Monument New Mexico 
*Carrizo Plain National Monument Kalifornía
*Casa Grande Ruins National Monument Arizona 
*Cascade-Siskiyou National Monument Oregon 
*Castillo de San Marcos National Monument Florida 
*Castle Clinton National Monument New York 
*Castle Mountains National Monument Kalifornía
*Cedar Breaks National Monument Utah 
*Cesar E. Chavez National Monument  Kalifornía
*Charles Young Buffalo Soldiers National Monument Ohio 
*Chimney Rock National Monument Colorado 
*Chiricahua National Monument Arizona 
*Colorado National Monument Colorado 
*Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve Idaho 
*Devils Postpile National Monument  Kalifornía
*Devils Tower National Monument Wyoming 
*Dinosaur National Monument Utah 
*Effigy Mounds National Monument Iowa 
*El Malpais National Monument New Mexico 
*El Morro National Monument New Mexico 
*Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument Colorado 
*Fort Frederica National Monument Georgia 
*Fort Matanzas National Monument Florida 
*Fort McHenry National Monument and Historic Shrine Maryland 
*Fort Monroe National Monument Virginía 
*Fort Moultrie National Monument Suður-Karólína
*Fort Ord National Monument Kalifornía
*Fort Pulaski National Monument Georgía 
*Fort Stanwix National Monument New York 
*Fort Sumter National Monument Suður-Karólína 
*Fort Union National Monument New Mexico 
*Fossil Butte National Monument Wyoming 
*George Washington Birthplace National Monument Virginía 
*George Washington Carver National Monument Missouri 
*Giant Sequoia National Monument Kalifornía
*Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument New Mexico 
*Governors Island National Monument New York 
*Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument Nevada 
*Grand Portage National Monument Minnesota 
*Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument Utah 
*Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument Idaho 
*Hanford Reach National Monument Washington 
*Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad National Monument Maryland 
*Hohokam Pima National Monument Arizona 
*Homestead National Monument of America Nebraska 
*Honouliuli National Monument Hawaii 
*Hovenweep National Monument Colorado 
*Ironwood Forest National Monument Arizona 
*Jewel Cave National Monument Suður-Dakota 
*John Day Fossil Beds National Monument Oregon 
*Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks National Monument New Mexico 
*Katahdin Woods and Waters National Monument Maine
*Lava Beds National Monument Kalifornía
*Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument Montana 
*Marianas Trench Marine National Monument  Gvam 
*Military Working Dog Teams National Monument Texas 
*Minidoka Internment National Monument Idaho 
*Misty Fiords National Monument Alaska
*Mojave Trails National Monument Kalifornía
*Montezuma Castle National Monument Arizona 
*Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument Washingtonfylki
*Muir Woods National Monument Kalifornía
*Natural Bridges National Monument Utah 
*Navajo National Monument Arizona 
*Newberry National Volcanic Monument Oregon
*Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument Atlantshaf
*Ocmulgee National Monument Georgía 
*Oregon Caves National Monument Oregon 
*Organ Mountains-Desert Peaks National Monument New Mexico 
*Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument Arizona 
*Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument Smáeyjar Bandaríkjanna
*Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument Hawaii
*Petroglyph National Monument New Mexico 
*Pipe Spring National Monument Arizona 
*Pipestone National Monument Minnesota 
*Pompeys Pillar National MonumentMontana
*Poverty Point National Monument Louisiana 
*Prehistoric Trackways National Monument New Mexico 
*President Lincoln and Soldiers' Home National Monument Washington D.C. 
*Pullman National Monument Illinois 
*Rainbow Bridge National Monument Arizona 
*Río Grande del Norte National Monument New Mexico 
*Rose Atoll Marine National Monument Bandaríska Samóa 
*Russell Cave National Monument Alabama 
*Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument New Mexico 
*San Gabriel Mountains National Monument Kalifornía
*San Juan Islands National Monument Washington 
*Sand to Snow National Monument Kalifornía
*Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains National Monument Kalifornía
*Scotts Bluff National Monument Nebraska 
*Sonoran Desert National Monument Arizona 
*Statue of Liberty National Monument Ellis Island New York
*Stonewall National Monument New York
*Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument Arizona 
*Timpanogos Cave National Monument Utah 
*Tonto National Monument Arizona 
*Tule Springs Fossil Beds National Monument Nevada 
*Tuzigoot National Monument Arizona 
*Upper Missouri River Breaks National Monument Montana 
*Vermilion Cliffs National Monument Arizona 
*Virgin Islands Coral Reef National Monument Bandarísku Jómfrúaeyjar
*Waco Mammoth National Monument Texas 
*Walnut Canyon National Monument Arizona 
*White Sands National Monument New Mexico 
*World War II Valor in the Pacific National Monument Hawaii, Alaska, Kalifornía
*Wupatki National Monument Arizona 
*Yucca House National Monument Colorado 

## Tengill
Vísindavefur - Hvenær hófst náttúruvernd og hver er megintilgangurinn með henni?