Gur languages

**Gur languages**, kuma ñọ mọ ru **Central Gur**  abẹ ki **Mabia**, chi abo ichi Niger–Congo nẹ. Ma a k'ichi ami ichi lẹ yi ami eju ọwọ  Sahelian kpai savanna eyi West Africa, odu ma dẹi: efu ami ugbo ojile yi Burkina Faso, manyu efu south-central Mali, northeastern Ivory Coast, the northern halves eyi Ghana kpai Togo, northwestern Benin, kpai southwestern Niger. Ma'ka ami ichi Gur re yi Nigeria. Manyu gẹ, ma'ka ichi Gur ka, Baatonum, yi Benin manyu ukpoji northwest eyi Nigeria. Ami ichi Gur oke oke mẹta omunẹ, Tusya, Vyemo kpai ami ich Tiefo, ma'ka yi Burkina Faso. Ichi Gur omunẹ kuma madu tẹ ugbo dun, Miyobe, ma'ka yi Benin kpai Togo. Manyu gẹ, ma'ka Kulango, Loma kpai Lorhon, yi Ghana, Ivory Coast kpai Burkina Faso. Manyu, abo re kuma ma'ka Mossi yi Senegal, kpai abo kuma ma'ka ichi Dagaare ño dẹ efu Cameroon. Ami ichi Samu eyi Burkina Faso che ichi Gur ma che.

## Amẹnwu ki l'ugbo ekọ nw
Dabu ami ojile ami ichi Niger–Congo, ami okwọ okwọ ami ichi Gur  neke nẹ ọna kuma a du omi ọla ma kọ tanẹ  ;uwewe efu ami ichi ojele ñini fu eyi du wanẹ ti ọna kuma adu ña chẹnw k'onẹ che ẹnẹkẹlẹ abẹ ki onobulẹ abẹ ki ọna kuma adu ma ojoji ami ẹnwu kuma kọ abẹ ki ma ñọ nẹ ọna kuma a du omi ọla ma kọ tanẹ gẹn.  Ẹnwu ka ki wewe jọ ugbu ami ichi Gur ina edu tẹ ugbo ẹnwu ki l'ugbo ẹnwu eche.  Ojile ami ichi Gur chaka che nẹ  omu, Koromfé  che ojoji kuma mọ. ọna ki omu eyi ami ichi Gur dẹ chẹ yagada . Ma che ujiwe ojile ami ichi Gur dabu ki lebọ ọna omu meji, ama ami ichi eyi ọwọ Oti-Volta kpai abo kibọ nẹ ọna omu mẹta.

## Ohiala eyi Ukọchẹ

## [[Sigismund Wilhelm Koelle]] dọ ami ichi Gur mẹ gweji efu ''[[Polyglotta Africana]]'' nwu efu ọdọ 1854, e ki koji ẹkpẹru ami ichi ojiole ñini mẹgwa. Ẹtẹ eju gede nw che, i li ọgẹcha kakini ọgbọdu ami ichi chẹ mẹru ọla ma; 'North-Eastern High Sudan'  nwu che okate kpai Gur efu akpẹru eyi oji oleñini.


{
  "type": "FeatureCollection",
  "features": [
    {
      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": {
          "fill": "#42BE00",
    "fill-opacity": 0.5,
    "stroke": "#000000",
    "stroke-width": 1,
    "stroke-opacity": 1
     , "title": "Sisaala Language"},
      "geometry": {
        "type": "Polygon",
        "coordinates": [ [ [ -2.0707213, 11.1331506 ], [ -2.0796477, 11.1419089 ], [ -2.1036803, 11.1493195 ], [ -2.1229063, 11.1486458 ], [ -2.1510588, 11.1466247 ], [ -2.1750914, 11.1284345 ], [ -2.2183501, 11.1088955 ], [ -2.2389494, 11.0900291 ], [ -2.2925078, 11.0772262 ], [ -2.3323332, 11.073183 ], [ -2.373532, 11.073183 ], [ -2.4167906, 11.0637488 ], [ -2.4380766, 11.0462273 ], [ -2.4737822, 11.0482491 ], [ -2.5211607, 11.0442055 ], [ -2.54382, 11.0462273 ], [ -2.5685393, 11.0421837 ], [ -2.5932585, 11.0401619 ], [ -2.6372038, 11.039488 ], [ -2.6729094, 11.0367922 ], [ -2.6880156, 11.038814 ], [ -2.6976286, 11.0408359 ], [ -2.7168547, 11.0448794 ], [ -2.739514, 11.0549882 ], [ -2.7738463, 11.0509447 ], [ -2.8013121, 11.0287047 ], [ -2.8335844, 11.0084851 ], [ -2.8377043, 10.986916 ], [ -2.838391, 10.9626489 ], [ -2.8274046, 10.9511887 ], [ -2.8184782, 10.9370314 ], [ -2.8232848, 10.9195023 ], [ -2.8246581, 10.9026465 ], [ -2.8040587, 10.8790468 ], [ -2.7971922, 10.8385857 ], [ -2.7697264, 10.8028406 ], [ -2.7388274, 10.779233 ], [ -2.6941954, 10.7616947 ], [ -2.6488768, 10.7650675 ], [ -2.5987517, 10.7772094 ], [ -2.5410735, 10.7826056 ], [ -2.5149809, 10.7873272 ], [ -2.4985014, 10.7886763 ], [ -2.4875151, 10.7947468 ], [ -2.4717223, 10.7960958 ], [ -2.4456297, 10.7933978 ], [ -2.4270903, 10.7880018 ], [ -2.392758, 10.7832801 ], [ -2.3700987, 10.7819311 ], [ -2.3391997, 10.7819311 ], [ -2.3041808, 10.7880018 ], [ -2.2828947, 10.7893508 ], [ -2.2595488, 10.8055385 ], [ -2.2423827, 10.8116087 ], [ -2.2217833, 10.8190276 ], [ -2.2066771, 10.8163298 ], [ -2.1943175, 10.8109342 ], [ -2.1689116, 10.8183532 ], [ -2.1510588, 10.8203765 ], [ -2.133206, 10.8197021 ], [ -2.1153532, 10.8190276 ], [ -2.0981871, 10.8197021 ], [ -2.0844542, 10.8271208 ], [ -2.0611082, 10.8304929 ], [ -2.0521819, 10.8345393 ], [ -2.0308958, 10.8426321 ], [ -2.0212828, 10.8433065 ], [ -2.0013701, 10.8264464 ], [ -1.9890105, 10.8170043 ], [ -1.9677245, 10.8170043 ], [ -1.9526183, 10.8149809 ], [ -1.9381987, 10.8210509 ], [ -1.9155394, 10.8365626 ], [ -1.9031798, 10.8487015 ], [ -1.8997466, 10.8581426 ], [ -1.897, 10.8750009 ], [ -1.9011198, 10.9026465 ], [ -1.9072997, 10.9181539 ], [ -1.9203459, 10.9390539 ], [ -1.927899, 10.9552335 ], [ -1.9340788, 10.9673676 ], [ -1.9292723, 10.977479 ], [ -1.9313322, 10.986916 ], [ -1.9457518, 11.0051151 ], [ -1.9505583, 11.022639 ], [ -1.951245, 11.0307266 ], [ -1.9629179, 11.0502708 ], [ -1.9835173, 11.0603794 ], [ -1.993817, 11.0718353 ], [ -1.9993102, 11.0718353 ], [ -2.0082365, 11.0839646 ], [ -2.0130431, 11.0913767 ], [ -2.0260893, 11.0981148 ], [ -2.0329558, 11.1021576 ], [ -2.0384489, 11.1142857 ], [ -2.0521819, 11.1257395 ], [ -2.0707213, 11.1331506 ] ] ]
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": {
          "fill": "#33FF55",
    "fill-opacity": 0.5,
    "stroke": "#000000",
    "stroke-width": 1,
    "stroke-opacity": 1
     , "title": "Kasem Language"},
      "geometry": {
        "type": "Polygon",
        "coordinates":[[-1.4310773,11.0211963,0],[-1.4477843,10.9640295,0],[-1.4571698,10.9065972,0],[-1.4505309,10.8615468,0],[-1.4956219,10.8175839,0],[-1.4832623,10.7852089,0],[-1.5203412,10.7825108,0],[-1.5368207,10.7474336,0],[-1.4695055,10.7597903,0],[-1.4337999,10.7773287,0],[-1.3788683,10.7719324,0],[-1.3266832,10.8056578,0],[-1.2896044,10.8299378,0],[-1.2374193,10.8299378,0],[-1.1824877,10.8569132,0],[-1.1522753,10.8609593,0],[-1.0934753,10.8480596,0],[-1.0643846,10.8474721,0],[-1.0605163,10.7860107,0],[-1.0410387,10.7287584,0],[-1.0440368,10.672671,0],[-1.0440368,10.6078864,0],[-1.0303039,10.5484885,0],[-0.9863586,10.5484885,0],[-0.9231872,10.5322871,0],[-0.9039611,10.5430881,0],[-0.9094543,10.5862885,0],[-0.917694,10.6132856,0],[-0.950653,10.6456791,0],[-0.983612,10.6996605,0],[-1.0189133,10.7532518,0],[-0.9976273,10.798783,0],[-0.9790879,10.8405982,0],[-0.9643859,10.8750334,0],[-0.9928208,10.9285934,0],[-1.016571,10.9316704,0],[-1.0385436,10.9559401,0],[-1.0401993,10.9909496,0],[-1.0065537,11.0317269,0],[-0.898407,11.05801,0],[-0.8043366,11.0674444,0],[-0.8133239,11.1392465,0],[-0.8407897,11.1796662,0],[-0.8984679,11.2200803,0],[-0.9451598,11.2470199,0],[-1.0110778,11.2981983,0],[-1.0742492,11.2874246,0],[-1.1374206,11.3008916,0],[-1.1731261,11.2901181,0],[-1.2308044,11.2551013,0],[-1.2362975,11.1958325,0],[-1.2774963,11.163499,0],[-1.2994689,11.1338567,0],[-1.3241881,11.1257719,0],[-1.3598937,11.1149919,0],[-1.3955993,11.0934306,0],[-1.4120788,11.0664767,0],-1.4310773,11.0211963,0]
      } 
    }, 
    {
      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": {
          "fill": "#CF33A7",
    "fill-opacity": 0.5,
    "stroke": "#000000",
    "stroke-width": 1,
    "stroke-opacity": 1
     , "title": "Buli Language"},
      "geometry": {
        "type": "Polygon",
        "coordinates":[[-1.5368207,10.7474336,0],[-1.5628893,10.7449493,0],[-1.5683824,10.7152652,0],[-1.571129,10.6180968,0],[-1.5629132,10.5962853,0],[-1.5175946,10.5935856,0],[-1.5175707,10.5560008,0],[-1.4887555,10.5341849,0],[-1.4475567,10.5233835,0],[-1.4736493,10.4828751,0],[-1.4447862,10.4695855,0],[-1.4008648,10.4761232,0],[-1.3788683,10.4614828,0],[-1.3706285,10.4236675,0],[-1.387108,10.3953031,0],[-1.3652776,10.3698923,0],[-1.3453648,10.3577343,0],[-1.3378117,10.3408475,0],[-1.3185857,10.3185554,0],[-1.2767003,10.3219331,0],[-1.2561009,10.294235,0],[-1.2512944,10.2726153,0],[-1.2245152,10.3067332,0],[-1.2269482,10.401401,0],[-1.1665234,10.4230119,0],[-1.1582836,10.4608272,0],[-1.117943,10.4952425,0],[-1.0580334,10.490536,0],[-1.0099682,10.5364441,0],[-0.9742626,10.5296933,0],[-0.9557232,10.5377942,0],[-0.940617,10.5229424,0],[-0.8995897,10.5249481,0],[-0.9394152,10.4695855,0],[-0.9188158,10.4655342,0],[-0.8781322,10.5222673,0],[-0.8740311,10.5582333,0],[-0.89135,10.566801,0],[-0.9710008,10.5964996,0],[-1.0135729,10.6369931,0],[-1.0298996,10.6915207,0],[-1.0410387,10.7287584,0],[-1.0286791,10.7827249,0],[-1.0410387,10.8056578,0],[-1.0643846,10.8474721,0],[-1.1124498,10.8501696,0],[-1.1522753,10.8609593,0],[-1.1824877,10.8569132,0],[-1.2058336,10.8447745,0],[-1.2374193,10.8299378,0],[-1.2607652,10.8245424,0],[-1.2896044,10.8299378,0],[-1.3266832,10.8056578,0],[-1.344536,10.784074,0],[-1.3788683,10.7719324,0],[-1.3980944,10.7773287,0],[-1.4337999,10.7773287,0],[-1.4695055,10.7597903,0],[-1.5065843,10.757092,0],-1.5368207,10.7474336,0] 
    }},
   {
      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": {
          "fill": "#3341CF",
    "fill-opacity": 0.5,
    "stroke": "#000000",
    "stroke-width": 1,
    "stroke-opacity": 1
     , "title": "Likpakpaanl Language"},
      "geometry": {
        "type": "Polygon",
        "coordinates":[[-0.4750713,10.6194662,0],[-0.44199,10.4920626,0],[-0.5134011,10.4218375,0],[-0.5298806,10.3083636,0],[-0.507908,10.2164737,0],[-0.507908,10.1029261,0],[-0.5024148,9.9244132,0],[-0.3815652,9.8215888,0],[-0.3980447,9.7024891,0],[-0.44199,9.5995961,0],[-0.4584695,9.5291777,0],[-0.4969217,9.4045556,0],[-0.4529763,9.2473595,0],[-0.2607156,9.1714465,0],[-0.0629617,9.2419376,0],[0.1073264,9.2582028,0],[0.195217,9.3232561,0],[0.3600119,9.3774579,0],[0.4631138,9.5015969,0],[0.7335471,9.5291777,0],[0.8489035,9.6537542,0],[0.9422873,9.8053505,0],[0.9093283,9.9622878,0],[0.8159446,10.075885,0],[0.6950949,10.2218797,0],[0.6950949,10.3570003,0],[0.6401633,10.4758582,0],[0.5357932,10.6432624,0],[0.4918479,10.7188343,0],[0.4149436,10.8159703,0],[0.2446555,10.8483421,0],[0.1402854,10.8321566,0],[0.0798606,10.7458197,0],[-0.0080301,10.7404228,0],[-0.0912365,10.7132608,0],[-0.1262554,10.6815493,0],[-0.1722607,10.674127,0],[-0.2306255,10.6559078,0],[-0.2745708,10.6376876,0],[-0.3446087,10.6181164,0],[-0.4145242,10.6297655,0],-0.4750713,10.6194662,0]}},{
      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": {
          "fill": "#9A3CF1",
    "fill-opacity": 0.5,
    "stroke": "#000000",
    "stroke-width": 1,
    "stroke-opacity": 1
     , "title": "Dagaare Language"},
      "geometry": {
        "type": "Polygon",
        "coordinates":[[-1.374204,10.3793482,0],[-1.4200909,10.4261544,0],[-1.354173,10.4477635,0],[-1.4008648,10.4761232,0],[-1.4461835,10.4612684,0],[-1.4736493,10.4828751,0],[-1.4475567,10.5233835,0],[-1.4887555,10.5341849,0],[-1.5189679,10.5665867,0],[-1.5175946,10.5935856,0],[-1.5629132,10.5962853,0],[-1.5780194,10.7298934,0],[-1.5368207,10.7474336,0],[-1.5203412,10.7825108,0],[-1.4832623,10.7852089,0],[-1.4956219,10.8175839,0],[-1.4516766,10.8378165,0],[-1.4571698,10.9065972,0],[-1.4310773,11.0211963,0],[-1.6247113,11.0225442,0],[-1.6150982,10.9821028,0],[-1.6865094,10.9901915,0],[-1.6837628,10.9497456,0],[-1.7661603,10.9605317,0],[-1.7689068,11.0090644,0],[-2.2385724,11.0009761,0],[-2.6203473,11.0090644,0],[-2.6969339,11.0087999,0],[-2.683201,11.0384548,0],[-2.626896,11.0559768,0],[-2.6255227,11.0937128,0],[-2.6886941,11.1799484,0],[-2.7340127,11.1826428,0],[-2.7614785,11.1341389,0],[-2.8122903,11.2378735,0],[-2.8837014,11.2540365,0],[-2.8425027,11.3025203,0],[-2.9413797,11.3294522,0],[-3.0210305,11.3456101,0],[-3.1006814,11.3321452,0],[-3.1913186,11.3536887,0],[-3.2517434,11.2675051,0],[-3.2792093,11.1786011,0],[-3.3616067,11.1866844,0],[-3.3835794,11.1300966,0],[-3.4330178,11.1624338,0],[-3.5703469,11.0734977,0],[-3.6005594,11.0411506,0],[-3.537388,10.9980155,0],[-3.6115457,10.9845345,0],[-3.6829568,10.9252108,0],[-3.6390115,10.8901503,0],[-3.7296487,10.8820589,0],[-3.7186624,10.8308078,0],[-3.6774636,10.7714535,0],[-3.7159158,10.7174849,0],[-3.7049295,10.6662059,0],[-3.7021829,10.5393205,0],[-3.6802102,10.4826102,0],[-3.7049295,10.3853682,0],[-3.7790872,10.3286298,0],[-3.7378885,10.288096,0],[-3.7351419,10.1989035,0],[-3.8120462,10.1232054,0],[-3.8202859,10.0339669,0],[-3.8834573,10.1015741,0],[-3.9328958,10.0474894,0],[-3.9740945,10.0042152,0],[-3.9164163,9.9663455,0],[-3.8862039,9.9338823,0],[-3.8092996,9.8932987,0],[-3.773594,9.920355,0],[-3.7049295,9.9447037,0],[-3.6472512,9.9149439,0],[-3.6280252,9.9528196,0],[-3.5840799,9.9284714,0],[-3.4549905,9.9338823,0],[-3.3423806,9.8932987,0],[-3.3066751,9.9149439,0],[-3.2709695,9.850004,0],[-3.202305,9.925766,0],[-3.1611062,9.8554162,0],[-3.1006814,9.8175293,0],[-3.0594827,9.7336215,0],[-2.9990579,9.7390356,0],[-2.919407,9.5522007,0],[-2.8150369,9.4519715,0],[-2.7546121,9.4194584,0],[-2.6915334,9.505196,0],[-2.7636311,9.5620776,0],[-2.7629445,9.6196267,0],[-2.7553914,9.6541514,0],[-2.6187489,9.6717509,0],[-2.5789235,9.7137152,0],[-2.5452779,9.7258974,0],[-2.5404713,9.7522906,0],[-2.3975564,9.7742247,0],[-2.3214314,9.8098071,0],[-2.2190286,9.7931712,0],[-2.1854756,9.8118369,0],[-2.0570729,9.8043942,0],[-1.9086648,9.8418857,0],[-1.8454934,9.8175293,0],[-1.7528889,9.8301047,0],[-1.7460225,9.8571661,0],[-1.6916848,9.9095327,0],[-1.7151234,9.9586268,0],[-1.7237065,9.9907495,0],[-1.7246438,10.0285577,0],[-1.6686032,10.0428152,0],[-1.6402791,10.0372372,0],[-1.6112683,10.0678309,0],[-1.6083501,10.1286716,0],[-1.6584752,10.1584118,0],[-1.6449929,10.2178252,0],[-1.6296361,10.2773447,0],[-1.5506718,10.3435494,0],[-1.4991734,10.4164935,0],[-1.4552281,10.4185195,0],[-1.4057896,10.3847514,0],-1.374204,10.3793482,0]}},{
      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": {
          "fill": "#F1EC3C",
    "fill-opacity": 0.5,
    "stroke": "#000000",
    "stroke-width": 1,
    "stroke-opacity": 1
     , "title": "Dagbani Language"},
      "geometry": {
        "type": "Polygon",
        "coordinates":[[-1.7528889,9.8301047,0],[-1.6519967,9.4249633,0],[-1.478962,9.1647536,0],[-1.176838,9.0318643,0],[-0.7868233,8.9721838,0],[-0.3528634,8.9342002,0],[-0.1276436,8.9965998,0],[0.0838432,9.1322138,0],[0.2541313,9.3111453,0],[0.2678642,9.4330917,0],[0.2266654,9.4872763,0],[0.3227958,9.4981121,0],[0.2486381,9.5468694,0],[0.3859672,9.5902033,0],[0.3420219,9.709343,0],[0.3585014,9.8960901,0],[0.4106864,10.0205294,0],[0.3337821,10.1854729,0],[0.3859672,10.2962888,0],[0.3173026,10.3557349,0],[0.29533,10.4232737,0],[0.196453,10.4205724,0],[0.163494,10.5232041,0],[0.0536308,10.5691073,0],[0.0234184,10.6419982,0],[-0.0424996,10.6554946,0],[-0.0782052,10.760746,0],[-0.1303902,10.7040767,0],[-0.2306255,10.6559078,0],[-0.3446087,10.6181164,0],[-0.4050484,10.6527954,0],[-0.4764596,10.6365995,0],[-0.5149117,10.5853068,0],[-0.6110421,10.5583072,0],[-0.7016793,10.5286049,0],[-0.7157593,10.6135799,0],[-0.8335152,10.5934062,0],[-0.8829537,10.4988997,0],[-0.9394152,10.4695855,0],[-0.9742626,10.5296933,0],[-1.0862008,10.4718925,0],[-1.1582836,10.4608272,0],[-1.1665234,10.4230119,0],[-1.2125436,10.3719455,0],[-1.2245152,10.3067332,0],[-1.2921944,10.2368314,0],[-1.3965645,10.3503312,0],[-1.478962,10.4016628,0],[-1.6296361,10.2773447,0],[-1.6584752,10.1584118,0],[-1.5723458,10.0800269,0],[-1.662983,10.0124152,0],[-1.7151234,9.9586268,0],[-1.6916848,9.9095327,0],-1.7528889,9.8301047,0] }},{
      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": {
          "fill": "#F13C3C",
    "fill-opacity": 0.5,
    "stroke": "#000000",
    "stroke-width": 1,
    "stroke-opacity": 1
     , "title": "Gurene Language"},
      "geometry": {
        "type": "Polygon",
        "coordinates":[[-1.0144501,10.6469855,0],[-0.9615784,10.6004191,0],[-0.8740311,10.5582333,0],[-0.7916337,10.5531706,0],[-0.7500916,10.5778082,0],[-0.7157593,10.6135799,0],[-0.6965333,10.6571077,0],[-0.6903534,10.7056896,0],[-0.6900101,10.7721397,0],[-0.7167893,10.8776875,0],[-0.770691,10.9353352,0],[-0.7799607,11.0101595,0],[-0.8043366,11.0674444,0],[-0.8445054,11.0684553,0],[-0.898407,11.05801,0],[-0.963295,11.0519449,0],[-1.0065537,11.0317269,0],[-1.0401993,10.9909496,0],[-1.0182267,10.9599417,0],[-0.9928208,10.9285934,0],[-0.9646683,10.908704,0],[-0.963295,10.8577947,0],[-0.9790879,10.8405982,0],[-0.9976273,10.798783,0],[-1.0189133,10.7532518,0],[-1.0367661,10.7151352,0],[-1.0298996,10.6915207,0],[-1.0216599,10.6668922,0],-1.0144501,10.6469855,0]}}
, {
      "type": "Feature",
      "properties": {
          "fill": "#00ACA7",
    "fill-opacity": 0.5,
    "stroke": "#000000",
    "stroke-width": 1,
    "stroke-opacity": 1
     , "title": "Kusaal Language"},
      "geometry": {
        "type": "Polygon",
        "coordinates":[[-0.5009216,10.9976351,0],[-0.4693359,10.8789811,0],[-0.3938049,10.7413913,0],[-0.1507324,10.6968634,0],[-0.0655883,10.7629781,0],[-0.0175232,10.8182875,0],[-0.0175232,10.9099975,0],[0.0319153,10.9814578,0],[0.0236756,11.0636832,0],[-0.021643,11.1148938,0],[-0.0628418,11.0825513,0],[-0.1424926,11.105461,0],[-0.1383728,11.155317,0],[-0.2551025,11.1809154,0],[-0.2688354,11.1270214,0],[-0.3320068,11.1108512,0],[-0.3594726,11.0744651,0],[-0.380072,11.1324112,0],[-0.4240173,11.1189364,0],[-0.4267639,11.0488573,0],[-0.4583496,11.0272912,0],-0.5009216,10.9976351,0]
      } 
    } ]
}

Akwọra Gur eyi kuma dọ **Voltaic akwobi,** ki lebọ odu alu French *(langues) Voltaïques* (kuma du odi nwu manyu aji Volta ọla). Ma li ki i chẹ nana ti alu ki dẹ eñini le ẹgba ka akwobi, Senufo languages kpai ami uchẹ ichi rè re kuma kojọ defu ma. Abo wewe kuma kọchẹ ichi  kuma dẹ Gur jẹ ki Senufo d'efu nw n, Tony Naden. Williamson kpai Blench d'efu abo kuma du Senufo tẹ ki che etọ ojoji efu Atlantic–Congo, alu kuma ko ami ichi non-Central Gur kibọ jọ mẹru ọla ma kuma che ẹtọ ojoji efu Savannas continuum.

Kleinewillinghöfer (ọdọ 2014) kọ tanẹ kakini abo kuma mẹru ọla ma tule eyi Gur che ami ẹtọ akwọra wewe Adamawa kuma ma dẹ gẹn, todu ki ami ichi "Adamawa" mẹru ami ichi Gur (eyi alumeji) tu ami ichi Adamawa kibọ le ochochi. I ka kakini  abo kuma a ka ichi Gur-Adamawa ejodudu lo uchẹ okodu kpai okoli efu anẹ ki ami  oli jọ.

## Akpẹru
Ami ẹtọ kuma jọ oji ifoto anẹ lẹ dù ña denote ẹkojọ ami ẹtọ ami ichi Central Gur. Foto-oli tree-ki dẹ ọganẹ i du ña amẹru ki agbagba ami ichi yi kpai abo kuma mẹru ma tule:

*  ?  Gur eyi ki  nana tule (abẹ ki Gur–Adamawa)
** Gur Alumeji (abẹ ki Mabia)
*** Northern Gur
**** 
***** (1.) Oti–Volta (ichi ogwu nyi oke mẹjọ, eyi kiMooré, Mamprusi, Dagbani, kpai Gurmad'efunw)
***** (2.) Bwa (abẹ ki Bwamu, Bomu, Bobo-Wule)
**** (3.) ''Koromfé'' (or Koromfe)
*** Southern Gur
**** 
***** (4.) East Mabia
****** Gurunsi (abẹki Grũsi) (20 languages, including Kabiye)
***** (5.) Kirma–Lobi
****** Kirma–Tyurama (Cerma, Turka)
****** Lobi–Dyan (Lobi, Dyan)
**** (6.) Doghose–Gan (Dogosé, Kaansa, Khisa)
**** (7.) ? Dogoso–Khe (Dogoso, Khe)
**  ? Waja–Kam
**  ? Leko–Nimbari
**  ? (possibly other putative Adamawa languages)

Uña eyi Dogoso–Khe efu Southern Gur mẹru eju; i mẹru ami ẹtọ kibọ nyọnyọ n.

### Bodomo (2017)
Bodomo (2017) dọ uchẹ Gur Alumeji kọ *Mabia*. Odu *Mabia* che ẹko dama ọdu meji *ma*- 'iye' + *bia* 'ọma'.

Abe ki jọ ọganẹ yi che akpẹru ichi Mabia (abẹ ki Gur Alumeji) kwi efu Bodomo (2017), alu kuma lì efu Bodomo (2020). Bodomo kpẹ Mabia ru ẹtọ mẹta, odu ma che West, East, and Central.

* **Mabia**
** **[[East Mabia languages|East]] (abẹ ki Gurunsi, Grũsi)**
*** Kasem
*** Sisaala
*** Kabiye
** **[[West Mabia languages|West]] (abẹ ki Gurma)**
*** Bassari
*** Konkomba
*** Moba
** **[[Central Mabia languages|Central]]**
*** Dagaare
**** Dagaare
**** Wali
**** Birifor
**** Safaliba
*** North
**** Moore
*** Mid-Central
**** Mabiene
**** Frafra (Nankanè)
**** Nabit
*** South
**** Dagbani
**** Mampruli
**** Nanuni (a dialect of Dagbani)
*** Kusaal
**** Kusaal (Kusasi)
**** Talni
*** Buli–Konni
**** Buli
**** Konni
*** Hanga–Kamara
**** Hanga
**** Kamara

Ma a dọ *Mabia*,  koji *Gur*, ma a ñọ du ck'ekwu kojiNaden (2021).

Naden (2021) lists the languages of the Southern/Eastern Mabia group as Dagbani, Hanga, Kantoosi, Kamara, Kusaal (Kusasi), Mampruli (Mamprusi), Nabit, Nanun/Nanuni (also considered a dialect of Dagbani), and Talni.

## Comparative vocabulary
Sample basic vocabulary of Gur languages:

*Note*: In table cells with slashes, the singular form is given before the slash, while the plural form follows the slash.

### Numerals
Comparison of numerals in individual languages:

## Writing System
The  Goulsse Alphabet  was invented in 2022 as a native script for the Gur languages

## References

* Manessy, Gabriel (1968/71) 'Langues voltaïques sans classes' in Actes du huitième congres international de linguistique africaine. [Congress was 1968, proceedings published 1971] Abidjan, Université d'Abidjan, 335-346.
* Naden, Anthony J. (1989) 'Gur', in Bendor-Samuel, John & Hartell, Rhonda L. (eds) *The Niger–Congo languages. A classification and description of Africa's largest language family.* Lanham, New York, London: University Press of America, 140-168.
* Roncador, Manfred von; Miehe, Gudrun (1998) *Les langues gur (voltaïques). Bibliographie commentée et inventaire des appelations des langues.* Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
* Williamson, Kay & Blench, Roger (2000) 'Niger–Congo', in Heine, Bernd & Nurse, Derek (eds.) *African languages: an introduction*, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 11-42.

## External links

* Journal of West African Languages: Gur languages
* Proto-Gur Swadesh lists (Gabriel Manessy 1969, 1975, 1979)