Thomas Chimes

Thomas Chimes (1921–2009) bụ onye na-ese ihe na onye na-ese ihe si Philadelphia .  Ọrụ ya dị na mkpokọta mkpa, egwu nke Philadelphia Museum of Art, [1] Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, [2] Museum of Modern Art [3] na New York, National Gallery of Art na Washington, DC,  [4] The Phillips Collection na Washington, DC, [5] Corcoran Gallery na Washington, DC, [6] Ringling Museum of Art na Sarasota, FL, [7] Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, [8]] [9] na  Wadsworth Atheneum na Hartford, Connecticut, na Yale University Art Gallery na New Haven, Connecticut, n'etiti ndị ọzọ.
thumb| Thomas Chimes ''Faustroll/Fire'' 1988, mmanụ na akwaaji, 34 x 54 sentimita asatọ

## ndabere
Thomas James Chimes [1] njikwa na ndị nne na nna kwagara Gris na Philadelphia na 1921. Na 1939 ọ debanyere aha na Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts.  Ndị na-ebu ndị aka na Agha alụ ọgụ nke alụ ọgụ ya, bụ́ ebe o sonyeere ndị agha ikuku US.  Mgbe Agha Agha nke nchọpụta, Thomas gosiri akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ọzọ, na New York: nkà ihe na Mahadum Columbia na ike na ọkpụkpụ na Art Student League.  Mgbe ọ nọ n'ebe ahụ, ọ na-ese ọtụtụ nna ndị dabara na usoro New York nke oge ahụ.  map, o gosiri na Filadelfia na 1953 wee bụrụ onye otu National Endowment of Arts wee guzobe ụlọ ihe nkiri ya n'ebe ahụ.  [2] Na Filadelfia, ọ ga-a aha nke ya, ụdị nke onwe ya.

## Nzụlite Stylistic
N'ime ọtụtụ iri afọ, Chimes ga-aga n'ihu na-eji oge ọrụ anọ dị mkpa na-ahụghachi ụdị ya.  [1] Ụbọchị nke onye na-ese ihe na-egosikwa nzọụkwụ siri ike maka ihe oyiyi na-akpali akpali nke na-- መሪ ya na ọtụtụ ndị edemede nke ukwu nke ruo n'etiti afọ nke afọ nke iri abụọ, Alfred  Jarry, Antonin Artaud, na James Joyce.  echiche, echiche Jarry nke "pataphysics" na-akụkọ onye na-ese ihe.

### Ọrụ mbụ na ịkpọgide n'obe
Ọ na-ese ihe a bịara mara dị ka ihe osise Crucifixion site na 1958 ruo 1965 nke bụ egwuregwu abụọ na ncheta nke ya na ihe atụ nke eserese ya na ikike okike iji ikike ime ikike, ns ahụ, na ọnọdụ mmadụ. 

### Igbe ígwè
Site na 1965 ruo 1973 Chimes kwuru iji ihe ọhụrụ nwalee, na-eme igbe igwe mgbasa ozi agwakọta nke a na-akpa na ike.  Ọrụ ndị a bụ egwuregwu nke mbụ nke Chimes nke pataphysics, na-achọ akara ya na ezi usoro uche na-edozi ụwa nke na-achị ụwa, ihe ndị na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ na-ezo aka na ahụ na igwe, na akara akara  omenala dị ka Mick Jagger, Marcel Duchamp, John Lennon, na Greta Garbo n'ime ihe ha maara ọnụ. 

### Eserese panel
N'agbata 1973 na 1978, Chimes dechara ụzọ ụzọ 48 n'ime okpokolo agba emere nke atụnyere akara ngosi nke oge a.  Eserese ndị a gbadoro ụkwụ na foto ndị ama na ndị na-ahụahụ ahụkebe, wee malite na Alfred Jarry na agụ agụmagụ na omenala ya.  aha ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ka proto-surrealist onye na-egwu egwuregwu Alfred Jarry, onye na-ede uri Arthur Rimbaud, na onye edemede Oscar Wilde .  Chimes ga- ndị na-eso satịlaịtị nke oge a na ndị mmadụ mere eme nke o chere na ha na ndị ha, ndị na-eche echiche, ma ọ bụ echiche pseudoscientific na-akpa rịta ụka, na-eme katalọgụ nke ntụnyere na ike. 

### Ọrụ oge gwụchara na eserese ọcha
N'afọ ndị 1980, Chimes malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'ụdị eserese ọcha nke e ji obere elu igwe ojii mara ya. Ọtụtụ agbakwunyere onyonyo n'ígwé nke agba, ma ọ bụ elu elu nke eserese, igwe kpakpando, na ederede. N'iji ma okwu Grik, French na Bekee sitere na ederede alchemical na Jarry, o mere ọrụ ndị na-enyocha 'pataphysics, psyche nke mmadụ, na akụkọ ifo ndị Hellenic, akara, na akara ngosi. Ihe osise ndị a malitere dị ka ọrụ mmanụ na akwa akwa na linen ma emesịa ghọọ mmanụ na-esiwanye ike n'ọrụ panel osisi nke mechara bụrụ nanị sentimita atọ na atọ n'ogo. Ọ gara n'ihu na-ese ihe osise ọcha ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 2009. 

## Ihe ngosi Solo
Chimes nwere ọtụtụ ihe ngosi solo.  Dị ka akwụkwọ ozi ndị Philadelphia Museum of Art 2007 si kwuo, "Ka ọ na-erule mmepụta 1960s Chimes enweela ihe nkiri solo na-aga nke ọma na Avant-Garde na Bodley Galleries na New York."  [1] Ọtụtụ ihe ngosi dị mkpa sochiri, "Thomas Chimes: Ihe Ngosipụta Nleghachi", na Ringling Museum of Art, Sarasota, na 1968;  Tom Chimes, A Compendium: 1961–1986, na Moore College of Art na Philadelphia na 1986;  na Thomas Chimes: ndị na-eje ozi na ndị ohu Alexander Onassis nke Mahadum New York na 1994. Na 1975, onye ọrụ na Whitney Biennial, na n'afọ sochiri ya, ọchiri anya ya na ihe ngosi akara nke Philadelphia Museum of Art's Centuries  Atọ nke American Art.

Isi nlegharị anya n'oge na-adịbeghị anya bụ "Thomas Chimes: Adventures na 'Pataphysics" (February 27 - Mee 6, 2007) na Philadelphia Museum of Art .  Ọ bụ zuru oke nke ndụ nka ya nke ịkpọ ihe ụmụaka 100 መስኮት ya.  [1] Ihe ngosi European na-eme njem na 2013 "N'ime White" na otu monograph so ya pụta ike ya emechara wee si na Galerie der Stadt Tuttlingen na Germany [2] gaa na ebe ngwere nka Benaki na Athens, Greece. 

## Nchịkọta ihe ngosi nka
Ọrụ Thomas Chimes gụnyere n'ọtụtụ nnukwu mkpokọta ihe ngosi nka America gụnyere:

* Corcoran Gallery dị na Washington, DC, zụtara nnukwu eserese nke Chimes na 2004. 
* Delaware Art Museum
* Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles
* Museum of Modern Art na New York
* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke mba
* Pennsylvania Academy nke Fine Arts
* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Philadelphia . 
* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Phoenix
* Smithsonian American Art Museum 
* Nchịkọta Phillips
* Wadsworth Atheneum na Hartford, Connecticut
* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Mahadum Yale

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Artnet.com
* Theartblog.org
* Thomas Chimes: Ihe omume na 'Pataphysics