National Museum of Fine Arts nke Algiers

**National Museum of Fine Arts na Algiers** ( French ) bụ otu n'ime ụlọ ngosi ihe nka kacha ibu na Africa . Emeghere ọha na eze kemgbe 5 Mee 1930, ọ dị na mpaghara Hamma, n'akụkụ ogige ule Hamma.

Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka, nke nwere ọrụ 8,000, gụnyere eserese, eserese, ihe osise na mbipụta ochie, ihe ọkpụkpụ, ngwá ụlọ ochie na ihe ịchọ mma, ceramics, glassware, yana nchịkọta numismatic. N'ime ọrụ ndị a na-egosipụta bụ ihe osise nke ndị nna ukwu Dutch na ndị France dị ka Brugghen, Van Uyttenbroeck, Van Goyen, Monet, Matisse, Delacroix, Honoré Daumier, Renoir, Gauguin na Pissarro . Ma ndị na-ese ihe ngosi nke Algeria, dị ka Baya, Yellès na Racim . Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nwere ihe ọkpụkpụ nke Rodin, Bourdelle na Belmondo . Na 14 May 1962 ihe karịrị ọrụ nka 300 ka e si na Museum wetara na Louvre na Paris.

## National Museum of Fine Arts of Algiers na Algerian Independence
Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Ọma Arts bịara n'ihe egwu ka nnwere onwe na-abịaru nso. Dị ka akụkụ nke mgbasa ozi ha na-emebi emebi, na 26 Nọvemba 1961 Òtù Armée Secrète (OAS) tụrụ bọmbụ n'otu ihe oyiyi nke Antoine Bourdelle  n'ogige ụlọ ihe ngosi nka na-emebi ụlọ mbụ nke ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie yana ihe oyiyi ahụ. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, egwu dị n'etiti ndị isi omenala French na ndị Alakụba siri ike ga-ewe iwe nye ndị gba ọtọ edobere na ụlọ ngosi nka na/ma ọ bụ na ọgba aghara na ịkwakọrọ ihe ga-emetụta ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie. Ndị ọchịchị France hụrụ ihe ize ndụ ozugbo nke OAS na-eweta na ihe egwu pụtara ìhè nke ọgba aghara (ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nwere mgbanwe udo) dịka ihe kpatara ịkwaga ọrụ nka na nzuzo, n'okpuru ndị agha na-ebu ụzọ gaa Marseille na n'ikpeazụ na Louvre na Paris.

A na-eji ọrụ ndị ahụ ọnụ ahịa n'oge ahụ ka ọ dị ọnụ ahịa, na dollar taa $50 nde. &#x5B;*. (* &#x5D;Otú ọ dị, n'agbanyeghị njikọ chiri anya na ihe ngosi nka, ọ dịghị omenala ndị nnọchiteanya nke FLN, ma ọ bụ n'ezie na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ngosi nka a gwara banyere nyefe mgbe o mere na naanị chọpụtara na-efu iberibe mgbe ha hụrụ efu okpokolo agba. Mgbe achọpụtara ọrụ ndị ahụ na-efu efu onye isi ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke ọma, Jean de Maisonseul gwara ndị France.  Mbupu a gụnyere ọrụ ndị nka dịka Monet, Delacroix na Courbet. Mkparịta ụka banyere iweghachi nka, yana ma a ga-eweghachi ya na Algeria bụ okwu esemokwu na France na ihe kpatara iwe na Algeria.

N'okpuru nkwekọrịta Evian nke Maachị 1962  ekwenyela na ụlọ ọrụ na akụrụngwa niile nwere n'okpuru ọchịchị colonial bụ ndị ọchịchị na-achị onwe ha na Algeria ga-anọ n'okpuru nchịkwa nke steeti Algeria. Arụmụka nke ndị na-akparịta ụka Algeria maka nka nka bụ na ụlọ ọrụ ndị a, ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie gụnyere enwetara ego site na akụrụngwa nke ala Algeria na ndị ya mepụtara. Ma onye isi Louvre na onye nlekọta nke Museum of Fine Arts (onye nọgidere na-adị ka n'okpuru ọchịchị French) rụrụ ọrụ iji weghachite ọrụ ndị ahụ n'okpuru nchịkwa Algeria. Onye isi ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke France Henri Seyrig rụrụ ụka na ịlaghachi ọrụ ahụ, dịka nkwekọrịta Evian si dị, ga-aga n'ihu na-echetara ndị Algeria njikọ ha na France ma soro usoro iwu mba ofesi na-ekwupụta ebumnuche nke "ịkwalite ọtụtụ ndị na-ege ntị maka ọdịbendị anyị" dị ka ndọtị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị site n'ụzọ ndị ọzọ. mgbe Minista nke Mba Ọzọ, Michel Debré hụrụ ya dị ka ihe onwunwe omenala France, na akụkụ nke ókèala ya nke a ga-eweghachi. Mkparịta ụka malitere na May 1967 na site na 1970, maka mkpesa nke Minista Michel Debré, a na-eweghachi ọrụ ndị ahụ na Algeria. Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ndị ọrụ ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie bụ otu n'ime ihe atụ ole na ole nke mkparịta ụka ihu ọma n'akụkụ abụọ ahụ. 

## Nchịkọta

### Ihe osise
Ngalaba eserese nwere ihe osise ndị Europe nke eserese narị afọ nke 14 ruo etiti 20. A na-ahazi ha n'usoro oge yana site na nnukwu ụlọ akwụkwọ n'ime ọnụ ụlọ 35. Njirimara mkpokọta :

* Alfred Sisley, *Canal du Loing na Winter*
* Bettina Heinen-Ayech, Arc de Triomphe de Thibilis, Maouna en été, la dense des oliviers, Coquelicots 

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ihe ngosi nka

### Mmalite
Ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị kere Museum nke Algiers Museum na njedebe nke narị afọ nke 19, n'oge French Algeria. Na mbụ ọ bụ n'ime ụlọ dara ada nke Société des beaux-arts nke Hippolyte Lazerges tọrọ ntọala na 1875 ka obodo Algiers debere ọrụ nka ya. Ọ bụ na 1897 ka ọ nwetara ezigbo ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie, nke a na-etinye na nchịkọta oge ochie na nke Muslim, n'agbanyeghị na ọ dị n'ime ụlọ nke kọleji ọzụzụ ndị nkuzi. N'afọ 1908, a raara ụlọ ọrụ ndị agha mbụ dị na saịtị Safir Hotel ugbu a maka nka. Emebere ya na 30 Mee 1908 ma arịọwo ihe okike a ogologo oge n'ihi na ime ụlọ nke Fine Arts nke rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ebe ngosi nka bụ nke edobere nke ọma na enweghị ike ịnwe ọrụ ndị obodo nwetara. Charles de Galland na-eduzi ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie ọhụrụ a ruo 1910, mana ọ dara na ọ naghị arụ ọrụ nke ukwuu. Ogo nke ihe ngosi nka ezughị, nke mere na ndị njem na ndị Algiers na-eleda anya na-eleghara ihe a na-akpọ "obodo" ngosi nka, nke dị na ihe na-adịghị mma, dilapidated, ọ bụghị nnọọ ịnweta ebe, ọbụna ihe emezighituri gbara ya gburugburu karịa. ọkụ na-adịghị mma. Ya mere, ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie nke Algiers mechiri ọnụ ụzọ ya mgbe afọ iri abụọ gasịrị n'etiti 1908 na 1928. Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke mba mara mma weghaara nchịkọta ya, na-eme ka ọ nweta ihe ọhụrụ.

### Ọmụmụ nke Musée des Beaux-Arts
áká_ịkẹngạ|300x300px
Site na mmeghe nke "Villa Abd-el-Tif", a na-enwe ezigbo mkpa na mpaghara a ma nyefee ọrụ ahụ n'aka obere onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ, Paul Guion. A na-ahọrọ saịtị ahụ, na Hamma, n'ihu Jardin d'essai na adịghị anya na Abd-el-Tif villa, n'elu ugwu nke anụ ọhịa. Paul Guion ahọrọla maka ihe ngosi ihe atụ na nke rectilinear bụ nke ihe owuwu ya si na nka Mediterenian ga-ekwughachi na arịa ụlọ mara mma nke Louis Fernez, onye prọfesọ na National School of Fine Arts dị na Algiers mere ma dọpụta ya, nke e nyere ụfọdụ n'ime ha ọrụ site na. onye mmebe Francis Jourdain. Malite na 1928, a rụchara ọrụ ahụ ngwa ngwa, n'ihi kredit e jiri mmesapụ aka nye ya. Ihe owuwu ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nwere nnukwu mmasị maka ọnọdụ ya dị mma na ụdị nke ijikọta "oge gara aga na ugbu a". Ụdị ihe owuwu a na-anọchi anya ihe oyiyi nke obodo na-eto eto na nke oge a, kamakwa nke na-echeta omenala ya. Nnukwu nnukwu ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie ahụ kwesịrị ịtụle: ụlọ eserese iri atọ na ise, ebe a na-ese ihe, ebe ihe nkedo, ọbá akwụkwọ na ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ. E kewara ụlọ ahụ ụzọ atọ: n'elu ala bụ ụlọ akpụzi, n'ala mbụ ụlọ ihe ọkpụkpụ nke oge a na n'elu ala ụlọ ihe osise. Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Algiers, nke ewepụtara na 5 Mee 1930, emegheghị ọha na eze ruo Eprel 1931. Ọ bụ narị afọ nke Algeria kwalitere ọrụ a nke National Museum of Fine Arts na Algiers. Na-eme ememe obodo ya, na-eme ememe mmeri ya na Agha Ukwu ahụ, France nke Republic nke atọ enweghị ike ileghara narị afọ mbụ nke ọnụnọ ya na Algeria. Kwadoro n'oge dị ka 1923 n'okpuru ọchịchị nke Gọvanọ, General Steeg, a magburu onwe mmalite nke Vincennes ngosi e hiwere site iwu nke 1928 nke kere a High Council na a General Commission maka Centenary. Ebumnobi ya bụ igosi ihe France rụzuru na Algeria kemgbe echichi ya, nsonaazụ enwetara na ọganihu enwere. A na-ebelata mmefu ego nke edobere na nde 134 ka ọ bụrụ nde 82 yana na France mepere emepe, etinyere ihe ọma niile n'ịgbasa ozi ọma nke French Algeria. N'ime mmemme mmemme ndị a, a kwalitere ọrụ ngosi nka nke ọma; N'akụkụ oké ncheta ncheta, Fine Arts Museum, Bardo Museum, Forestry Museum na Franchet d'Espérey Museum na Algiers (akụkọ ihe mere eme ngosi nka nke Army na agha ememe, arụnyere na ndị agha ogige nke Casbah, adịghị anya site na mbụ ramparts nke Algiers) ka ewepụtakwara. N'adịghị ka ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie ndị ọzọ ewepụtara n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, a na-eji ọrụ ọhụụ na-emegharị ihe owuwu na ọkwa nke Musée des Beaux-Arts.

### Nnweta na onyinye
Ebe ọ bụ na ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie a ghọrọ mba, emela ya nke ukwuu. Ekele e nyere ya n'oge ememe Centenary nke Algeria nyere ya aka ịzụrụ ọtụtụ ihe dị mkpa. Site na izipu nnakọta ochie nke Municipal Museum na Constantine maka nraranye nke Museum of Fine Arts ya, nchịkọta maka National Museum of Algiers ọhụrụ malitere ịmalite dị ka 1927; ọ bụ onye ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ Jean Alazard, onye isi ngalaba nke akwụkwọ ozi nke Algiers mgbe ahụ, bụ onye e nyere ọrụ a. N’atụmatụ Alazard, otu ọrụ pụrụ iche nke Paul Léon duziri na ndị isi ya bụ Mouillé, osote onye nduzi nke Beaux-Arts, Jean Guiffrey na Paul Jamot, ndị na-ahụ maka Louvre, Raymond Kœchlin, onye isi oche Conseil des musées nationalaux, na Charles. Masson na Robert Rey, ndị na-ahụ maka ihe ngosi nka Luxembourg, kpebiri ịzụrụ ihe ahụ. A na-enwetụbeghị ụdị ya na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie, ego a na-ekenye maka ihe ngosi nke Centennial nyere ohere maka ịnweta ọrụ 498 n'ime afọ abụọ: ihe ndị eclectic nwetara nke nyere mpako nke ebe ọkpụkpụ nke oge a na aha ukwu na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nkà.

N'oge na-adịghị anya, Museum of Fine Arts nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu nke onyinye na ịzụrụ ihe amamihe dị na ya kwalitere ya. Enwere ike ịhụ nlekọta na nka nke ejiri zụta ihe ndị a. Ha na-agụnye ndị ọkachamara nke ndị isi ọwụwa anyanwụ dị ka Alexandre-Gabriel Decamps, Eugène Delacroix, Eugène Fromentin, Théodore Chassériau na ndị nnọchianya a ma ama nke nkà nke oge a: Gustave Courbet, Théodore Rousseau, Camille Pissarro, Edgar Degas, Augustine Boudino, Eugène Alfred Sisley, Armand Guillaumin na ọbụna ndị na-ese ihe n'oge a dị ka Albert Marquet, Suzanne Valadon, Maurice Denis ma ọ bụ Henri Matisse . Katalọgụ mmalite nke ụlọ ngosi nka gosipụtara ogo nka French n'oge ahụ ma gosipụta ebumnuche ụlọ ọrụ ịgbasa nka na omenala French. Eziokwu ahụ bụ na e nwere akụkụ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nwere nkwụnye ego mara mma site na ụlọ ngosi ihe ngosi nka na Versailles na-egosi àgwà didactic na ịhụ mba n'anya nke ihe ngosi nka.

Ọrụ nke ndị na-anakọta mpaghara enweghị ike ileghara anya na mmepe nke mkpokọta. Na mgbakwunye na nnweta ọhụrụ, ụlọ ihe ngosi nka enwetawokwa ọtụtụ onyinye. Ndị nyere onyinye gụnyere ndị bụbu ndị ahịa dị ka Marius de Buzon ma ọ bụ Jean Désiré Bascoules, nnukwu ndị ọbịa dị ka Lucien Borgeaud, ndị ọrụ mmepụta ihe dịka onye na-ese ihe Louis Billiard, ma ọ bụ onye na-amu amu dị ka Laurent Schiaffino . N'ime ha, Frédéric Lung a ma ama nwetara aha ya ọ bụghị nanị na mmasị mbụ o nwere n'ebe ndị na-ese ihe nke Villa Abd el-Tif nọ kamakwa n'ihi nchịkọta ọgaranya nke ọrụ ọgbara ọhụrụ na nke na-akpali akpali nke o wuru. Nwanyị di ya nwụrụ nyefere ụfọdụ iberibe na Algiers Museum of Fine Arts, ọkachasị plasta studio nke Charles Despiau, L'Homme prêt à l'action. Ndị niile bi na Villa Abd-el-Tif nọchitere anya ebe niile, ma ọ bụ na-agbakọta ọnụ n'ime ụlọ pụrụ iche ma ọ bụ gbasaa n'ime veranda niile. Ihe nnọchianya ndị a nyere ndị ọbịa ohere ịgbaso evolushọn nke ndị isi na-ese ihe bụ ndị sitere na Algiers ma ọ bụ ndị bi ebe ahụ ogologo oge. Site na 1930 ruo 1960, oge nnweta atọ bụ isi nyere ụlọ ihe ngosi nka ihe nchịkọta bara uru. Ụfọdụ ga-abanyekwa na ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie n'oge a: Azouaou Mammeri, Mohammed Racim, Mohamed Temmam, Bachir Yellès (1949), Abdelhalim Hemche .

N'ime Algiers nke Europe, Musée des Beaux-Arts rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ụlọ ọrụ ebe ndị nwere ọdịbendị na-echeghị ebe ha nọ, mana ikuku ya, nke dabere na mpaghara mpaghara, mekwara ka o kwe omume ikewapụ onwe ya na obodo ukwu. Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nwere mmasị na ndị a ma ama karịa ka ìgwè mmadụ na-enwe mmasị na ya. N'ụzọ dị iche na nnukwu ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie nke obodo ukwu, bụ́ nke jerekwara ozi dị ka ebe mmụta maka ụmụ akwụkwọ nkà mmụta mara mma, ụmụ akwụkwọ nke Algiers School of Fine Arts na-agakarị n'ọnụ ụlọ ihe osise na ihe ọkpụkpụ nke ihe ngosi nka. Nke a nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi na ebe ngosi nka dị anya site na etiti obodo, mana ọ na-akọwakwa ihe kpatara na ụlọ ngosi nka nwere ike ọ gaghị enwe otu ebumnobi dị ka ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie dị na obodo ukwu.

### Le Musée des Beaux-Arts n'oge nnwere onwe Algeria
Dị ka ndị OAS wakporo ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na mgbede nnwere onwe, e bufere ihe dị ka narị ọrụ atọ na Paris na Eprel 1962 wee debe ya na Louvre Museum . Jean de Maisonseul, họpụtara na Nọvemba 1962 dị ka onye nlekọta nke ụlọ ihe ngosi nka (nke ghọrọ Musée National des Beaux-Arts d'Alger) n'okpuru isiokwu nke imekọ ihe ọnụ, na arịrịọ nke Ministry of National Education nke Algeria, mere ka a hụ na ịmaliteghachi ihe ngosi nka. na July 1963 wee duru ogologo mkparịta ụka dị ogologo nke mechiri na December 1968 na nkwụghachi ihe osise 157 na eserese 136 - "n'agbanyeghị na site na mmalite André Malraux, mgbe ahụ Minister nke Culture, ghọtara na ọrụ ndị a bụ nke Algeria", ọ ga-akọwapụta. Maisonseul, curator ruo 1970, n'otu oge na-amalite site n'ịzụta amụma iji dozie ịda ogbenye nke Algeria art collection, ewebata ọrụ site Baya, Benanteur, Guermaz, Khadda, Martinez na Bettina Heinen-Ayech na ngosi nka. A ga-agbakwunye otu dị mkpa nke ọrụ nka nke oge a nke steeti nyere mgbe Algeria nwetara nnwere onwe.

## Nchịkọta nke eserese

### Nkà nke Europe
A na-anọchi anya narị afọ nke 14, 15 na 16 site na ọrụ nke nnukwu mmiri mmiri abụọ pụtara ìhè: ụlọ akwụkwọ Italiantali na ugwu, Dutch na ụlọ akwụkwọ Flemish. Narị afọ nke 17 na 18 bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ French, Italian na Dutch nọchitere anya ya. Narị afọ nke 19 na nke 20 bụ naanị French. Nke a bụ ụfọdụ ọrụ nnọchi anya.

## Ngalaba mbipụta na eserese
Ụlọ akwụkwọ a na-ebipụta nwere ihe dị ka ọrụ 1500. Nchịkọta ahụ gụnyere eserese, etchings, chalks na-acha uhie uhie, agba mmiri, sketị, lithographs, ọkụ, miniatures na calligraphy.

### Ihe osise
Ndepụta anaghị agwụ agwụ

* Alfred Chataud (1833–1908)
* Eugène Boudin (1824–1898), Les roches noires de Trouville.
* Théodore Chassériau (1819–1856), Portrait présumé de la marquise de Caussade.

Usòrò:(Narbonne)_Les_belles_du_harem_-_Alfred_Chataud_-_Musée_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Narbonne.jpg|alt=Les Belles du harem - Alfred Chataud.| *Les Belles du harem*-Alfred Chataud.
Usòrò:Chataud_2.jpg|alt=Après la cérémonie de la circoncision - Alfred Chataud.| *Après la cérémonie de la circoncision*-Alfred Chataud.
Usòrò:Chataud_8.jpg|alt=Femme des Ouled-Naïl richement parée - Alfred Chataud.| *Femme des Ouled-Naïl richement parée*-Alfred Chataud.
Usòrò:Chataud_3.jpg|alt=Fillettes d'Alger - Alfred Chataud.| *Fillettes d'Alger*-Alfred Chataud.
Usòrò:Chataud_11.jpg|alt=Ruelle de la casbah - Alfred Chataud.| *Ruelle de la casbah*-Alfred Chataud.


## NoNdị na-ahụ maka ihe ngosi nka

* Jean Alazard (site na 1930 ruo 1960)
* Jean de Maisonseul (site na 1962 ruo 1975)
* Bachir Yellès, onye ntụzi oge na 1975
* Malika Dorbani Bouabdellah (1994)
* Dalila Mahammed-Orfali

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta ihe ngosi nka na Algeria

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Official website 


Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations