World Business Council for Sustainable Development

World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) bụ nzukọ nke ihe karịrị ụlọ ọrụ mba 200 na-eduzi. A na-ejikọkwa kansụl ahụ na kansụl azụmaahịa mba na mpaghara 60 na òtù ndị mmekọ.

Mmalite ya malitere na Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit nke afọ 1992, mgbe a họpụtara Stephan Schmidheiny, onye ọchụnta ego Switzerland, dịka onye isi ndụmọdụ maka azụmahịa na ụlọ ọrụ na odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED). O mepụtara otu nzukọ a na-akpọ "Business Council for Sustainable Development", nke gara n'ihu ghọọ Changing Course, akwụkwọ nke chepụtara echiche nke arụmọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi.

E mepụtara WBCSD na 1995 dị ka njikọta nke **Kansụl Azụmaahịa maka Mmepe Na-adịgide adịgide** na **Kansụl Ụlọ Ọrụ Ụwa maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi** ma dabere na Maison de la paix na Geneva, Switzerland, yana ọfịs na New York na New Delhi.

## Ọrụ
Kansụl ahụ na-arụ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ okwu metụtara mmepe na-adịgide adịgide. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ iji mezuo ebumnuche mmepe na-adịgide adịgide (SDGs) site na mgbanwe nke usoro akụ na ụba isii. Ndị a bụ akụ na ụba gburugburu, Obodo na Njem, Ọnọdụ ihu igwe na Ike, Nri, Ala na Mmiri, Ndị mmadụ na Redefining Value. A na-edozi mgbanwe usoro ọ bụla dị ka mmemme WBCSD nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ mgbakwunye.

## Mmetụta na mmetụta
Nnyocha nke 2003 World Bank / IFC nyere iwu gosipụtara WBCSD dị ka otu n'ime "forums kachasị emetụta" maka ụlọ ọrụ na ọrụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze (CSR). Nnyocha Globescan nke afọ 2004 chọpụtara na WBCSD bụ nke abụọ kachasị arụ ọrụ na nyocha SD.  Nnyocha nke afọ 2006 nke otu ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-akọ na 54% nke ndị ọkachamara niile a nyochara kwenyere na WBCSD ga-arụ "ọrụ dị ukwuu" n'ịkwalite mmepe na-adịgide adịgide. Naanị European Union nwetara nkwado dị elu (69%).

Na ndepụta nke Ethisphere Institute nke 2007 nke 100 Ndị Kasị Mmetụta na Omenala Azụmaahịa, Onye isi oche WBCSD Bjoern Stigson anọwo na nke itoolu, nke mere ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nke abụọ kachasị emetụta NGO.

## Ndị otu
Ndị otu WBCSD bụ site na oku nke kọmitii na-ahụ maka ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-etinye aka na mmepe na-adịgide adịgide. N'etiti ihe karịrị ndị otu 180 bụ ụlọ ọrụ ndị a ma ama dị ka DuPont, 3M, Nestlé, BP, Danone, na Royal Dutch Shell. WBCSD na-enye ndị otu ya uru, mmetụta, na olu iji mee mgbanwe zuru ụwa ọnụ na-enweghị atụ ma nye ha ohere ịba ọgaranya site na ịgbanwe ọrụ ha. Site na isonyere WBCSD, ụlọ ọrụ ndị otu na-erite uru site na nghọta banyere ihe ọmụma kachasị ọhụrụ gbasara nkwado, ngwá ọrụ nkwado, imekọ ihe ọnụ n'ofe usoro uru, itinye aka na mmepe iwu, na ohere ịkọwa ọrụ nkwado ha.

Ụlọ ọrụ ndị otu na-ekwe nkwa nkwado na onyinye ha na WBCSD site n'inye ihe ọmụma na ahụmịhe ha, yana ndị ọrụ kwesịrị ekwesị. A na-agwa ha ka ha kọọ akụkọ n'ihu ọha banyere arụmọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi ha ma chọọ ịgbasa akụkọ ha iji kpuchie ogidi atọ niile nke mmepe na-adịgide adịgide - akụ na ụba, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, na gburugburu ebe obibi.

Otu ihe dị mkpa bụ mkpebi onwe onye nke Chief Executive Officers (CEOs), na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị otu Council. Ha bụ ndị na-akwado ikike maka ọnọdụ iwu WBCSD ma ha na-esote ndị isi oche nke otu ọrụ. Ha na-ahazi nkwado maka mmemme ọrụ WBCSD ma hụ na a nabatara usoro nchịkwa na-adịgide adịgide n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ha.

### Ọpụpụ
Forética na-azọrọ na ọ bụ netwọk zuru ụwa ọnụ nke azụmaahịa na ndị ọkachamara na-asụ Spanish nke ebumnuche ya bụ ịkwalite njikwa omume na ọrụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze site na ịmepụta ụkpụrụ mba na Spain nke a maara dị ka SGE-21, (sistema de gestión ética para el Siglo 21) nke bụkwa Mgbakwunye 1 na ISO 26000 ma kwado ya site na CSR Europe

## Ọchịchị
WBCSD bụ òtù na-eduzi nke otu Council nke ndị otu Council nke ụlọ ọrụ ndị otu ya mejupụtara. Kansụl ahụ na-ahọpụta kọmitii nduzi, gụnyere onyeisi oche na ndị isi oche anọ. Ndị isi oche gara aga gụnyere:

* Rodney F. Chase - BP (1995)
* Livio D. DeSimone - 3M (1996/97)
* Egil Myklebust - Norsk Hydro (1998/99)
* Charles O. Holliday, Jr. - DuPont (2000/01)
* Sir Philip Watts KCMG - Royal Dutch Shell (2002/03)
* Bertrand Collomb - Lafarge (2004/05)
* Travis Engen - Alcan (2006/07)
* Sam DiPiazza - PwC (2008/09)
* Paul Polman - Unilever (2012-17)
* Sunny Verghese - Olam (2018-2020)

## Nkwekọ ala
Ọtụtụ n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ndị otu WBCSD nwere isi na Europe (47%). 22% ụlọ ọrụ ndị òtù nwere isi na Eshia, 22% na North America na 5% na Latin America. Mpaghara ndị a na-anọchite anya ha bụ Africa, Australasia na Middle East na 1% nke ọ bụla.

## Arụmụka
ka Greenpeace si kwuo, *World Business Council for Sustainable Development* so n'ime ndị isi na-ahụ maka ijide ọha mmadụ ụwa ka ha ghara ịnagide mgbanwe ihu igwe na nsogbu nchịkwa ike maka afọ 20 gara aga. Kọmitii Nchịkwa WBCSD bụ nke nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na-enweghị ike imezigharị na carbon siri ike n'ụwa ma ọ dịkarịa ala ruo n'afọ 2011. Dị ka Greenpeace si kwuo, kọmitii ndị isi WBCSD abụwo 'Who's Who' nke ụlọ ọrụ carbon kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa.

Sierra Club esorowo World Business Council rụkọọ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ atụmatụ, yana ịkpọ ndị nnọchi anya ya ka ha kwuo okwu na mmemme Sierra Club. The Environmental Defense Fund na-atụ aro usoro nyocha nke World Business Council maka ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-achọ ibelata ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ, na Natural Resources Defense Council ejirila ntuziaka WBCSD mee ihe n'ịmepụta ntuziaka nke ha maka ikpebi nkwado nke biofuels.  *The Guardian* gosipụtara akụkọ ọhụụ ọhụụ nke WBCSD na 2050 dị ka "atụmatụ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ kachasị ukwuu ruo ugbu a - gụnyere ịgbanwe mmebi nke e mere na gburugburu ebe obibi, na-edozi ikuku na-arịwanye elu ma hụ na ọha mmadụ na-aga n'ihu na ọrụ ugbo na-adịgide adịgide".

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Official website 
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations