open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Nnyocha Ndị Ọrụ Switzerland

**Nyocha Switzerland Labour Force Survey (SLFS)** - nke Federal Statistical Office na-arụkọ ọrụ na onye na-ahụ maka ọrụ mpụga - bụ nyocha ezinụlọ nke emere kemgbe 1991. Ebumnuche bụ isi bụ inyocha usoro ọrụ na omume ọrụ nke ndị bi na-adịgide adịgide. N'ihi ntinye siri ike nke nkọwa mba ụwa na SLFS, data Switzerland nwere ike iji tụnyere nke mba ndị ọzọ OECD na mba nke European Union . Kemgbe afọ 2010, a na-eduzi SLFS n'otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ. Ajụjụ ọnụ sitere na nkeji nke atọ na nke anọ nke 2009 bụ mgbanwe site na ochie gaa na SLFS ọhụrụ (na-aga n'ihu).

## Ndabere nke iwu
Iwu maka omume nyocha nke Statistical site na Confederation nke 30 June 1993, SR 431.012.1 

## Ụdị nyocha
SLFS bụ nyocha nlele . A na-eme nnyocha ahụ dị ka nyocha ezinụlọ ekwentị n'etiti ihe nlele nke ihe dị ka mmadụ 105,000 (ruo mgbe 2001: ihe dị ka 16,000; site na 2002 ruo 2009: ihe ruru 35,000 mmadụ). A na-ahọrọ ezinaụlọ ndị ahụ na enweghị usoro site na ndekọ ekwentị. Kemgbe 2003, SLFS agbakwunyerekwa na ndị mba ofesi na ndị bi na-adịgide adịgide ahọpụtara na Central Migration Information System (CEMIS). Ruo 2009, ngalaba mgbakwunye a nwere mmadụ 15,000; kemgbe 2010, ọ mejupụtara mmadụ 21,000. A gbara ndị zara ajụjụ ọnụ ugboro anọ n'ime otu afọ na ọkara.

## Edebanye aha njirimara
SLFS bụ nyocha nke ndị bi na-adịgide adịgide bụ ndị gbara afọ 15 gbagoro n'ọkwa mba yana n'ọkwa nke mpaghara Switzerland. Nnyocha ahụ na-anakọta data gbasara ọrụ (ugbu a na n'oge gara aga), ihe kpatara enweghị ọrụ akụ na ụba (la ezumike nka, agụmakwụkwọ, wdg), ọrụ mmụta na omume, ebe ọrụ na olu, ọnọdụ ọrụ (oge ọrụ, ọrụ abalị, ọrụ izu ụka), akụ na ụba. ngalaba, ọrụ na ego ezinụlọ, ịchọ ọrụ (enweghị ọrụ, enweghị ọrụ), njem ọkachamara na mpaghara ala, agụmakwụkwọ na ọzụzụ, ọrụ akwụghị ụgwọ (ọrụ ezinụlọ na ụlọ, ọrụ afọ ofufo, nkwado sitere n'aka ndị ikwu, wdg), Mbugharị na nchekwa ọha.

## Nyocha ụbọchị emere
Nnyocha mbụ mere na 1991. Ruo 2008, a na-eme nnyocha ahụ na nkeji nke abụọ, na 2009 na nkeji nke abụọ, nke atọ na nke anọ. Kemgbe 2010, ọ na-aga n'ihu. Ruo 2009, a na-enyocha data ahụ kwa afọ; kemgbe 2010, a na-enyocha ha kwa nkeji iri na ise.

## Ihe odide ala ala peeji na ntụnyere aka

omume, ebe ọrụ na olu, ọnọdụ ọrụ (oge ọrụ, ọrụ abalị, ọrụ izu ụka), akụ na ụba. ngalaba, ọrụ na ego ezinụlọ, ịchọ ọrụ (enweghị ọrụ, enweghị ọrụ), njem ọkachamara na

* Ụlọ ọrụ Statistical Federal (FSO), nyocha ndị ọrụ Switzerland, nyocha

## Njikọ mpụga

* Federal Statistical Office (FSO), Nabata na ibe ịntanetị nke SLFS

## Hụkwa

* Nnyocha ndị agha ọrụ
Enweghị ebe obibi na Ireland

**Homelessness in Ireland** is an evolving social issue. During the 19th century, homelessness was a pervasive impact of the Great Famine (1845–1852). During the 20th century, homelessness in Ireland was associated with older males who may have had addiction or alcoholism issues. However, since the 1990s and into the 21st century, it has been recognised that the homeless population includes increasing numbers of women and children. Commentators have attributed the ongoing events (described in the news media as the 'homelessness crisis') to the post-2008 Irish economic downturn and 'subsequent fiscal adjustments', and the parallel impacts of reduced familial incomes, mortgage arrears and rental increases which followed impacts to housing supply.

N'afọ 2013, ndị ọnụ na-ekwuchitere gọọmentị Irish kwuru na ha 'ga-ekpochapụ enweghị ebe obibi' na Ireland n'afọ 2016.  Agbanyeghị, e nwetaghị ebumnuche a. Kama, site na 2017, okwu na ụbara nke enweghị ebe obibi abawanyela,  na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi na Ireland na-arị elu site na 25% n'etiti Septemba 2016 na Septemba 2017.  Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị e bipụtara n'oge 2016 na mmalite 2017 gosiri na e nwere mgbe ahụ mmadụ 4,377 bi na ụlọ mberede, ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu a hụrụ na Ireland ruo ụbọchị ahụ.   Ka ọ na-erule etiti afọ 2019 nke a abawanyela, ọnụ ọgụgụ na-egosi na ihe karịrị mmadụ 10,000 enweghị ebe obibi na Ireland, ebe ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ndị a bụ ụmụaka.   N'ime ọnwa Febụwarị 2021, a kọrọ na e nwere mmadụ 8,313 na-enweghị ebe obibi na Ireland (nke 5,987 bụ ndị okenye na ụmụaka 2,326).  Na 2021, mmadụ 115 na-enweghị ebe obibi nwụrụ na Dublin. 

Otu "akụkọ enweghị ebe obibi" nke Ngalaba Ụlọ, Atụmatụ, Obodo na Gọọmenti Mpaghara na Nọvemba 2016 gosiri na ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ọtụtụ narị ezinụlọ na ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na mpaghara ndị ọzọ, okwu ahụ bụ nke kachasị na mpaghara Dublin.  Ruo ọnwa Febụwarị 2021, ihe dịka 70% nke ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi nọ na Dublin. 

A na-akọwakarị enweghị ebe obibi nke ndị ntorobịa dị ka okwu dị iche maka enweghị ebe obibi. Ọ bụ ezie na gọọmentị aghọtaghị okwu ahụ ruo ngwụsị 1980s, ebe ọ bụ na etiti 1960s enweghị ebe obibi ndị ntorobịa ji nke nta nke nta kọwaa dị ka ụdị enweghị ebe obibi dị iche na nke ndị okenye nwere. 

## Na omenala ewu ewu

* Onye na-abụ abụ Irish folk-punk Jinx Lennon gụnyere egwu banyere enweghị ebe obibi na album 2020 ya *"Border Schizo FFFolk Songs For The Fuc ** d"* aha ya bụ "Ọ dịghị ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi na Drogheda" na-ekwu maka "ìsì siri ike na ịgọnarị nsogbu enweghị ebe obibi na Ireland site na ma ọha na eze ma gọọmentị" otu. 

## Hụkwa

* *Jesus enweghị ebe obibi*, ihe ọkpụkpụ ọla nke onye na-ese ihe Canada bụ Timothy Schmalz, na-egosi Jizọs dị ka onye na-enweghị ebe obibi na-ehi ụra n'oche ogige, nke kemgbe 2013 etinyere n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ụwa, gụnyere Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin.
* The Peter McVerry Trust
* Squatting na Ireland

## Edensibia
Iwu Ndị Ogbenye nke Germany

**Iwu ndị ogbenye German** bụ iwu gbasara enyemaka adịghị mma nke dị na Germany na steeti ndị bu ya ụzọ.

## Prussia
Prussia mere nyocha nke usoro iwu ya dara ogbenye n'etiti 1842 na 1843. A na-ekwukarị na iwu a nyere gọọmentị etiti ikike siri ike maka enyemaka adịghị mma. N'ezie, naanị iwu obodo nyere iwu ka gọọmentị ime obodo guzobe otu ndị ọrụ iwu na-adịghị mma iji nye ndị ogbenye ịdị adị, mana ma ọ bụghị ha hapụrụ iwu na inye iwu ndị dara ogbenye n'aka ndị isi obodo. 

Akwụsịghị iwu ndị ogbenye German ruo mgbe 1961 Federal Social Welfare Law. 

## Hụkwa

* Iwu Ogbenye Bekee
* Iwu ndị ogbenye Scotland
* Iwu ndị ogbenye Irish

## Edensibia

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

*
Oké Ndakpọ Akụ̀ na Ụba na Romania

thumb| Stampụ nke ndị Romanian ndị mmadụ na-echeta ọrụ Grivița nke 1933, nke ọnọdụ ọrụ dara ogbenye kpasuru n'ihi oke ịda mbà n'obi na Romania.
Nnukwu ịda mba ( Romanian   ma ọ bụ, adịkarịghị,  ) nke 1929-1933, nke metụtara ụwa dum, nwere ọtụtụ nsonaazụ na Alaeze Romania . Romania so ná mba ndị meriri n'Agha Ụwa Mbụ . Ọ nwetara ọtụtụ ókèala ọhụrụ ( Bessarabia, Bukovina na Transylvania ), nwere ọtụtụ akụ sitere n'okike . Otú ọ dị, agha ahụ kpataara mba ahụ nnukwu mfu nke mmadụ na akụ̀ na ụba. Romania ga-alụ ọgụ maka onu oriri na enweghị mgbanwe nke ego ya, Romanian leu (lei in plural). Romania nweziri aku na uba agrarian n'ezie, ebe oru ugbo bu 63.2% nke mmepụta mba. Oké ịda mbà n'obi metụtara Romania n'ụzọ dị iche iche. Dị ka ihe atụ, n’afọ 1933, ego ha nwetara n’obodo bụ 172,614,000,000 lei, nanị 62% nke nke 1929, bụ́ nke 275,180,000,000 lei. Iji lụso nsogbu akụ na ụba ọgụ, National Bank of Romania mere usoro dị iche iche na mba ahụ nara mbinye ego dị iche iche. A kpọkwara enyemaka site na France .  

Nnukwu ịda mbà n'obi butere mbelata nke 50% na mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ yana mmụba nke mmadụ 300,000 na enweghị ọrụ na Romania. Ka ọ na-erule ná mmalite 1930s, ọnụ ahịa otu quintal ọka wit adaala n'okpuru ọnụ ahịa owuwe ihe ubi ya; A na-ahapụ ngwa ahịa ugbo, nke usoro kọstọm ọ bụla na-echebeghị, n'aka ikike nke asọmpi mba ụwa, nke mere ka ọnụ ahịa ha belata site na 60-70% ma e jiri ya tụnyere nke 1928 na 1929.  Ndị nwe ala dara ada na ndị ọrụ ugbo nwere ntakịrị ihe fọdụrụ iri ma ọ bụ kwụọ ụtụ isi na steeti. Ka ọ na-erule 1932, ihe dị ka nde ndị ọrụ ugbo 2.5 ji ụgwọ a na-akwụghị ụgwọ n'ụlọ akụ̀, nke ruru ijeri lei 52. 

N’agbata Ọktoba 1929 na Julaị 1931, e wepụrụ ihe karịrị ijeri lei iri na asaa n’ụlọ akụ̀ Romania. N'ihi ya, usoro ụlọ akụ daa, na ọtụtụ ụlọ akụ, gụnyere Romanian Peasantry Bank na Bercovici Bank, dara ada . Nsogbu nke ụlọ akụ, nke ekwuputara na mmalite dị ka 1930, kpatara ụjọ n'etiti ndị nkwụnye ego, ka ndị mmadụ malitere ịdọrọ ego ha n'ozuzu.  E ruru ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke ọdachi ego na 1931, mgbe otu n'ime ụlọ akụ kachasị mkpa na Romania, Marmorosch Blank Bank [ ro ] nke Aristide Blank, kwupụtara enweghị ego. 

Na 28 Jenụarị 1933, ndị ọrụ nke Căile Ferate Române (CFR) malitere ọrụ Grivița nke 1933 n'ụlọ ọrụ Grivița na Bucharest . Ndị ọrụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè na-arịwanye elu na-ada mbà n'obi n'ihe gbasara oke ịda mbà n'obi na Romania kpatara ya. Zamfirache, Cosmin Pătrașcu (2 June 2017). "Radiografia celui mai mare dezastru economic din istoria României. Zeci de mii de șomeri, săraci dați pe mâna cămătarilor și guvernanți impertinenți". *Adevărul* (in Romanian). Retrieved 21 March 2021.
 

## Hụkwa

* Economy nke Romania
* Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Romania

## Edensibia
Idozi Ireland

**Focus Ireland** bụ ọgbakọ anaghị akwụ ụgwọ dabere na Dublin, Ireland na-enye ọrụ maka ndị na -enweghị ebe obibi na ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke enweghị ebe obibi na Ireland . Ọ bụ Nwanna Nwanyị Stanislaus Kennedy tọrọ ntọala ya na 1985,   ma bụrụ otu n'ime nnukwu ụlọ na ụlọ enweghị ebe obibi na Ireland.  Ọ na-enye ọrụ na Dublin, Cork, Limerick, Kilkenny, Sligo, Kildare, Carlow, Tipperary, Wexford na Waterford.

Ọrụ ebere ahụ kwuru bụ "ịkwalite ikike nke ndị na-apụ apụ n'ụlọ ibi n'ebe ha na-akpọ ụlọ site na ọrụ dị mma, nyocha, na ịkwado". Na 2017 ọ nọrọ €26.3 nde iji mezuo nke ahụ.  Focus Ireland na-enweta ihe dị ka ọkara nke mmefu ego ya kwa afọ site na ego steeti wee bulie 50% nke ọzọ site na onyinye sitere na ọha, mmemme na nkwado ụlọ ọrụ. &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

Dabere na akụkọ afọ 2018 ya, Focus Ireland nyeere ihe karịrị mmadụ 15,000 aka na 2018 bụ ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi ma ọ bụ nọrọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke ịla n'iyi ụlọ ha.  Dịka otu akụkọ ahụ siri kwuo, ogwe aka ụlọ ọrụ ebere ahụ enyela ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na ezinụlọ ihe karịrị ụlọ 1,100. 

Ka ọnwa Mee 2020, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mmadụ 10,000 enweghị ebe obibi, gụnyere ihe karịrị ụmụaka 3,000, na Focus Ireland kpọrọ oku maka nyocha nke nkwado steeti ahụ nyere.  Ndị ọrụ ebere ahụ kpọkwara oku ka e nwee mmụba ngwa ngwa n'inye ụlọ mgbazinye ọha na nke dị ọnụ ala, na ka steeti ahụ pụọ na ndabere ya n'inye ụlọ n'ahịa mgbazinye onwe. </link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

Ọrụ Focus Ireland gụnyere itinye aka maka mgbanwe na amụma ọha yana inye ndị na-enwe enweghị ebe obibi.  Dịka narị afọ nke 21st, Focus Ireland amalitela ilekwasị anya na igbochi enweghị ebe obibi yana ụzọ 'Housing Led' site na ibu ụzọ bute ụlọ nwere nchebe.  

N'okpuru Focus Ireland's 2017 - 2020 Strategy Plan, otu a kwuru ebumnuche na-elekwasị anya na igbochi enweghị ebe obibi na ịkwado ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi ịkwaga n'ebe obibi dị nchebe. 

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Webụsaịtị Focus Ireland
Ụlọ Elizabeth

Ụlọ Elizabeth bụ ebe a na-eri nri na kichin nke Laurel, Maryland .  E hiwere ya na 1988 ma Azụ Laurel na-elekọta ya.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
E hiwere Elizabeth House na 1988 wee kpọọ aha onye ọrụ afọ ofufo Elizabeth “Betty” Colnaghi. N'afọ ndị 1970, Colnaghi malitere iji okpuru ulo ya dị ka ebe a na-eri nri iji jeere ndị na-enweghị ego na mpaghara Laurel ozi. Nke a mechara too gụnyere enyemaka ego mberede na njem.  Kemgbe 1990s, onye isi na Ụlọ Elizabeth na ndị ọrụ obodo Laurel gụnyere onye nchịkwa obodo Ernest Saccanelli na onye isi ndị uwe ojii Roy Gilmore na-arụrịta ụka maka otu esi enyere ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi aka. Onye isi ụlọ Elizabeth, Robert Colnaghi kwuru na ndị ọrụ abụọ ahụ gwara ya "anyị ekwesịghị ijere ndị si Howard County ozi na anyị bụ ihe ndọta maka ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi sitere na mpaghara Anne Arundel, Howard na Montgomery."  Saccanelli kwenyere na ọrụ ndị mmemme mmekọrịta gụnyere ụlọ Elizabeth na-adọta ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi n'obodo ahụ. 

Ndị Elizabeth na-ejere ndị mmadụ ozi na Prince George's County, Howard County, na Anne Arundel County .  ezi ndị mmadụ na-akwado akụrụngwa aamụbaala ntọala ntọala ya.  Boy Scouts nke America na-anakọta nri na-enye Nkwado ọzọ n'oge ezumike.  [1] N'August 1995, Elizabeth House jere ozi ihe dị ka mmadụ 50 ruo 75 na-mebe ebe obibi n'otu ebe.  [2] Dị ka ndị ọrụ Laurel si kwuo, na 1995, Elizabeth House jere ozi ihe dị ka mmadụ 70 ruo 90 kwa afọ.  [3] Na Nọvemba 2011, Elizabeth House na-enye ihe 20 akpa nri nri kwa izu yana nri ehihie 40 kwa izu.  Na mkpokọta, akpa nri ya dị 240 na nri ọkụ 1,120 na akpa nri ehihie otu ọnwa.

Ndị egwuregwu aha Laurel mbụ ọkwọ nri iji rite uru na ndị enyi Elizabeth 

## Hụkwa

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ikike Nri
Ogige Nri Ukwu Boston

The Greater Boston Food Bank ( GBFB) , nke dị na Boston, Massachusetts, bụ ihe nkwado nke na-ejere ihe mmadụ 500,000 ozi kwa afọ site na ihe nke ihe nke nta ka ọ bụrụ òtù 600 ndị na-ahụ  maka ọchịchọ agụụ na-enyere aka n'ebe mgbatị Massachusetts.  Onye isi oche na CEO nke Food Bank ugbu a bụ Catherine D'Amato.  [1] The Greater Boston Food Bank bụ otu òtù nke Nri America, nke a na-akpọbu America's Second Harvest.

## Ọrụ
The Greater Boston Food Bank na-enye ihe ruru mmadụ 500,000 enyemaka agụụ kwa afọ, dịka "Agụụ n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Massachusetts 2014" siri kwuo, ọmụmụ nke bụ akụkụ nke atụmatụ mba nke Nri America butere.  Dị ka ọmụmụ a si kwuo, ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ (125,000) nke ndị òtù ezinụlọ GBFB na-eje ozi nwere ụmụaka na-erubeghị afọ 18, yana ihe dịka 20% nke ndị ahịa na saịtị mmemme nke Greater Food Bank na-eje ozi dị afọ 65 na karịa. 72% nke ezinaụlọ chọrọ ka ha na-eji ebe a na-eri nri na-eri nri mgbe niile ka ha nwee ike iri nri. 

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
thumb| Ndị ọrụ nke Mobilisation Command United States Marine Corps Reserve na-enye aka na Greater Boston Food Bank n'oge ndị ọrụ aafọ atụ.
.Kip Tiernan hiwere ụlọ nri Boston wee tinye ya n'ụzọ iwu na 1981. Ọ dị na mbụ na 71 Amory Street na mpaghara Jamaica Plain nke Boston wee kwaga na 99 Atkinson Street na ngalaba Newmarket nke Boston na 1992. Ezi nri nri Boston nyere  aha ya ka ọ bụrụ The Greater Boston Food Bank na 1993

The Greater Boston Food Bank mebiri ala na 2007 na saịtị nke ihe owuwu ọhụrụ dị na 70 South Bay Ave (ebe obibi mbụ nke South Bay Incinerator), n'ofe okporo ụzọ site na ebe ọgbakọ ahụ dịbu.  Emechara ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na Maachị 2009. Ụlọ ọrụ a, aha ya bụ Yawkey Distribution Center of the Greater Boston Food Bank ga-enyere The Greater Boston Food Bank aka ịbawanye nkesa ya wee nweta nde pound iri ise nke nri na ngwa ahịa.

## Hụkwa

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ikike Nri
Owuwe ihe ubi echefuru echefu

Owuwe ihe ubi echefuru bụ nnapụta nri nri elele nke na-anakọta nri ga-aga n'iyi na-ebuga ya n'efu n'aka ndị otu na-enye ndị agụụ na-agụ nri na Metro Detroit .  N'afọ 2015, ndị na-enye njikọ echere ihe ụmụaka nde pound iri anọ nri nye ndị na-eweta nri nri 260

Owuwe ihe ubi echefu echefu bụ otu n'ime nri America, anwụ United States maka ụlọ nri na ụlọ nnapụta nri.

## Onye guzobere na akụkọ ihe mere eme
Nancy Fishman nkata ntọala owuwe ihe ubi echefuru na 1990. Susan Goodell ile onye isi ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na 2000, na n'okpuru ọchịchị ya, ọnụọgụ nri ewepụtara mụbara nke ukwuu:

Owuwe ihe ubi echefu echefu bụ nnapụta nri mbụ na United States hiwere ihe nnapụta na ụlọ ihe nri, na-abụ mmemme na Kroger na 1994

## Ọrụ
Owuwe ihe ubi echefuru echefu na-arụ ụgbọ mmiri nke 33 gwongworo friji na-ebuga njupụta ma ọ bụ nri achọghị na ngalaba ahụike kwadoro dịka ụlọ ahịa nri, ụlọ nri, ámá egwuregwu, ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na ebe ndị ọzọ. Ọ na-arụkọkwa ọrụ na ndị ọrụ ugbo nọ n'ógbè ahụ iji kpọkọta ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo ka ha weta ihe ubi ndị a na-achọghị n'ubi ha. 

Ụfọdụ nnukwu ndị na-ere akara na ebe ndị na-ekpo ọkụ echefuru na-anakọta nri na Metro Detroit asị Kroger, Costco, Meijer na Walmart stores, Comerica Park na The Henry Ford

Ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo na-ahazi ma na-akwakọba nri n'ebe a na-ekesa ihe ubi echefuru echefu na gwongworo na-ebuga nri ahụ n'efu na ụlọ ọrụ anaghị akwụ ụgwọ na-enye enyemaka nri mberede na Metro Detroit. 

## Owuwe ihe ubi Canada echefuru echefu
N'afọ 2011, owuwe ihe ubi echefu echefu kere Canada [1], ụlọ ọrụ nnapụta nri nke Windsor, Ontario dabere na ụdị ihe ubi echefu echefu.  N'afọ fu ego mbụ ya, o butere nri dị kilogram 135,000 [1] na n'afọ 2013, ngwá a mara ọkwa na ọ rutela n'oge dị egwuregwu ama nke ibuga otu nde pound nri e sere ya.

## Ugbo owuwe ihe ubi echefuru echefu
N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 2013, owuwe ihe ubi echefuru weputara usoro ugbo, "Ugbo owuwe ihe ubi echefu echefu," ebe o malitere ito nri nke ya n'ala ugbo nri.  [1] N'October 2013, ha kwuputara ihe ubi 850,000 pound na awụ mbụ ha, na nri nke $ 400,000 na ngwá ọrụ sitere na Ram Truck, Case IH na New Holland Agriculture iji kwado nkwado n'ọrụ na ọrụ ugbo. 

N'ime afọ atọ mbụ ọrụ ya, Ugbo owuwe ihe ubi echefuru kọrọ na ha na-ewe ihe karịrị nde paụnd 3.1. 

## Ihe nrite na nnabata

* N'afọ 2007, a kpọrọ Owuwe ihe ubi echefuru aha "Enweghị uru kacha mma jikwaa na Metro Detroit" nke Crain's Detroit Business .
* Na 2011, Onye isi ala ya na onye isi ala Susan Goodell natara Eleanor Josaitis Unsung Hero Award na Shining Light Regional Cooperation Awards nke Detroit Free Press gosipụtara 
* Na 2012, Forgotten Harvest na ConAgra Foods kesara onyinye ọla edo Edison maka mmemme Green maka "mmekọrịta ọhụụ n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ihe oriri na ihe nnapụta nri iji nyegharịa nri dị mma & oriri, mana a tụfuru nri site na nsị nri iji nye ndị agụụ na-agụ nri. " 
* N'afọ 2014, owuwe ihe ubi echefuru nwetara onyinye nturu ugo Gọvanọ n'aka Gọvanọ Michigan Rick Snyder maka "Ememme Afọ Afọ Ọhụrụ pụtara ìhè." 

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ikike Nri
Ụlọ Akụ̀ Nri Maka Obodo New York

Food Bank Maka New York City bụ onye ọrụ na-elekọta mmadụ na-etinyere na-ahụ maka otu nnukwu ọchịchọ na-arụ ọrụ na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ na mpaghara ise ahụ.  [1] nri ya bụ nri nri, ozi na nkwado maka ụmụ amaala nọ na mkpa na New York City.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
.E hiwere ụlọ nri maka New York na 1983. Ọ nwere ihe nke ihe dịka 1,200 nwere na ndị na-enye nri obodo, ụlọ kichin ofe, ụlọ nri nri, ebe nchekwa, ebe ncheta ụbọchị na-achị ego, yana ndị agadi,  ndị na ibe nrụzigharị .  akụ nri na enyere aka ihe dị ka nri 400,000 n'efu kwa ụbọchị.  [1] ịhụnanya ya, ọ nakọtala, ike ma kesaa ihe nde paụnd 744 

Food Bank nwere ndị ọrụ nke ihe mgba 100 ndị ọrụ oge niile ma na-achịkwa ya site na Board of Directors afuu .

Banklọ akụ nri bụ onye otu enwetara ikike nke Feeding America [1] na New York State Food Bank Association .  Na Julaị 2007, Food Bank nchekwa FoodChange, Inc.

## Ozi na ọrụ
. Tọrọ ntọala na egosi na-egosi na ihe dị ka nde ndị New York nde abụọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke agụụ [1] na ihe ụmụaka ọkara nke obodo nwere ikike puru enwe ike inye ha nri n'ime ụnwanyị atọ nke  akara ọrụ ma ọ bụ ego ego  , Hunts Point Cooperative Market, ụlọ ọrụ na America nke abụọ na-ewe ihe ubi.  Na mgbakwunye, Food Bank na-agba Kid's Café, mmemme ụlọ akwụkwọ gachara na-enye eserese nri n'efu.  Dị ka akwụkwọ nke afọ nke 2013 nke ihe ahụ si kwuo, Food Bank bụ zie na-eje ozi na United States, na-enye "nri na ọrụ maka nri 72.5 nde nri kwa afọ".  [3] Dị ka 2017 Annual Report si kwuo, Food Bank enyela 1.3 nri nri dị mkpa ntọala ntọala ya na 1983.

## Nkwanye ugwu na nkwado
. Na 2005 na 2006, Food Bank ikike okwa a sitere na Charity Navigator, onye nchaji ọrụ ebere na United States

Owuwe ihe ubi nke abụọ nke America matara ụlọ nri nri site na nrite “Apple dị ike” nke abụọ maka ọtụtụ ihe ana agha na kesaa n'ime ihe, yana inye onyinye mbụ ha “Model Fundraising Campaign of the Year” maka mmemme ihe nkiri  2006 ike.  [1] A kwanyere ụlọ nri nri ugwu site na onyunyo Apple dị egwu na 2009, 2010 na 2011

.Na 2007, ọ bụ n'ime ihe ezinụlọ 530 New York City art na ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ọrụ na-enweta nke onyinye $ 30 nde sitere n'aka Carnegie Corporation, nke e mere site na onyinye nke onye isi obodo New York.  York City Michael Bloomberg. 

## Hụkwa

* Ụlọ akụ nri
* Ndepụta ụlọ akụ nri
* Obodo New York
* Isi nri ofe

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ikike Nri
Ịhụnanya Chineke Anyị Na-enye

. ntụziaka Chineke anyị Na-ankwuru ( GLWD ) bụ ụlọ ọrụ ebere ahaziri hazi nri nri nke America hibere na 1985 dabere na New York City .  N'agbanyeghị aha ya, akụkụ ahụ nke otu

Ịhụnanya Chineke Anyị na-enye ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo na-akwadebe ma na-ebuga ndị bi na New York City na-arịa ọrịa nri; nzukọ a na-eje ozi n'elu 14,700 ahịa kwa afọ.    Dịka nke 2024, GLWD ebubatala nri karịrị nde 35 na New York City, n'ime afọ 39.  Nzukọ a na-ebuli ego maka ọrụ ya site n'ụzọ dị iche iche, gụnyere ego na uru ndị ama ama kwadoro. 

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
. ụfọdụ sitere na egwu Ganga Stone (1941-2021), onye ọrụ ụlọ ọgwụ mere onye ọrịa AIDS na 1985. [1] [2] [3] Nghọta nke ihe isi ike ndị ọrịa nwere n'inweta na nri mere ka ya  na onye ya na ya bi bụ Jane Best guzobe GLWD.  [3] [4] N'oge mpempe akwụkwọ a, Best na Stone na-eji igwe igwe na-ebuga nri ole na ole kwa ụbọchị.  [4] Ka ọ na-erule 1993, GLWD na-enye ndị ọrụ 550 nri abụọ kwa ụbọchị. 
alt=God's Love headquarters, prior to 2015 renovations|thumb| Isi ụlọ ọrụ ịhụnanya Chineke, tupu 2015 arụzigharị
.Na Disemba 1995—na enweghị AIDS ike — ikike ahụ kwagara n'ihe nke ya, na 166 Amsterdam Avenue na Manhattan .  Ọ gbazitere ụlọ ụlọ na mbụ ụlọ ndị America na Amsterdam na 103rd Street.  [1] ahụ ụgbọ mmiri mere nrụzigharị dị ukwuu na 2015 iji ịhụ ngwa ngwa nke ahụ

Dị ka nke Machị 2024, nzukọ a na-enye ndị ahịa, ndị na-elekọta ha, na ndị dabere karịa nri 15,200 kwa ụbọchị. A na-atụ anya na ha ga-ebuga nri nde 4.2+ na 2024. Ndị na-ahụ maka nri na-arụkọ ọrụ na ndị ọrịa iji mepụta atụmatụ nri pụrụ iche iji nabata nyocha ha. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ahịa ha gụnyere ihe karịrị nchọpụta 200 na ọtụtụ ndị ahịa na-enwe ihe karịrị otu ọrịa. Ụlọ ọrụ ha dị na 166 Avenue nke America na-arụ ọrụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 10,000 sq. ft. kichin azụmahịa nke ọgbara ọhụrụ na ebe a na-eme achịcha. Ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ nnyefe nke ya, nnyefe nri sitere na mpaghara mkpọ ebe mmezu nke nwere ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri kpuchie. Ha na azụmaahịa mpaghara na otu ụlọ akwụkwọ na-arụkọ ọrụ ugboro ugboro na ohere afọ ofufo, na-anabata ndị otu afọ ofufo 670 na 2023.

## Hụkwa

* Nri obodo-na-ụkwụ
* Owuwe ihe ubi obodo
* Ụlọ akụ nri maka New York City

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ikike Nri
Nchịkọta Nri Dị n'Otu

. INN (Interfaith Nutrition Network) bụ nchekwa nchekwa, ngwaọrụ, dabere na Long Island, New York .  [1] na-na-na-na-egwu agụụ na-abụ ebe obibi ndị ikwu ogbenye [2] na Long Island site n'inye nri, ebe obibi, ụlọ ogologo oge, na ọrụ nkwado.  A na-eme ememe na INN na-azụ ihe dị ka ndị Long Islanders 5,000 kwa izu

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
E hiwere INN dị ka kichin ofe na Hempstead, NY na 1983 site n'aka otu ndị ọrụ apụta nke Patricia O'Connor na Michael Moran, mgbe ahụ onye izi na Mahadum Hofstra .  [1] Mmadụ iri atọ zara òkù ha mere ndị ọrụ afụ ka ha njikere kichin ofe;  ọma ahụ bụ ihe ịga nke ọma na-ekiri kichin nke ebe site n'okwu ọnụ.

Na 1984, nzukọ ahụ gbasaara inye ihe ngwọta maka enweghị ebe obibi. Ndị otu ahụ mepere ebe nchekwa mberede. INN mechara bụrụ ọgbakọ zuru oke nwere mmemme dị iche iche iji nyere ndị agụụ na-agụ na enweghị ebe obibi aka na Long Island. 

N'ihe dị ka afọ 2013, ọrụ INN etoola nke gụnyere kichin ofe iri na anọ, ebe nchekwa mberede atọ, na otu mmemme ụlọ na-adịte aka.  Ihe mejupụtara INN bụ ndị sitere na ọtụtụ agbụrụ na okpukperechi na anaghị akpa oke n'ebe ndị otu okpukpe, agbụrụ, ma ọ bụ agbụrụ ọ bụla nọ.

Otu n'ime ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mbụ, Jean Kelly, na-eje ozi ugbu a dị ka Onye isi nchịkwa nke nzukọ ahụ. Otu a na-eme nri abalị kwa afọ, nke a na-akpọ bọọlụ INNkeepers, iji sọpụrụ ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo INN, kwalite mmata na ịkwalite ego maka nzukọ a. Azụlitere ihe karịrị nde $1 na mmemme 2013. 

## Enyere ọrụ

* Ebe a na-esi nri ofe: INN na-arụ ọrụ kichin ofe iri na ebe iri na anọ n'ofe Long Island. A na-enweta kichin ofe maka ndị chọrọ nri ozugbo.
* Ebe obibi mberede: INN na-arụ ebe nchekwa ụlọ mberede atọ. Abụọ n'ime ụlọ ndị a na-enye ezinụlọ ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi na otu maka ndị ikom na-enwe obere oge enweghị ebe obibi. INN na-arụ ọrụ na Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ndị Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Nassau County iji chọta ụlọ kwesịrị ekwesị ma nweta ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke ụlọ na-adịgide adịgide maka ndị nọ ná mkpa. 
* Ebe obibi ogologo oge: Site n'iso ezinụlọ na-enwe enweghị ebe obibi na-arụkọ ọrụ, INN nwere ike inye ezinụlọ ụlọ na ihe onwunwe iji ruo ebumnobi nke izuru onwe na nnwere onwe. 
* Center for Transformative Change: Na 2016, INN meghere Center for Transformative Change ozugbo n'akụkụ Mary Brennan INN ofe kichin na Hempstead. Ebumnuche nke CTC bụ ije ozi dị ka ebe nchekwa ihe iji nyere ndị ọbịa nke kichin ofe aka imeziwanye ọnọdụ ndụ ha na/ma ọ bụ nwee afọ ojuju. Ihe owuwu ahụ nwekwara ụlọ akwa Boutique, ebe ndị ọbịa nwere ike nweta uwe n'efu, gụnyere uwe azụmaahịa maka ajụjụ ọnụ ma ọ bụ ọrụ ọhụrụ, yana ngwa ụlọ. 
* Ọrụ Nkwado: Tinyere inye ndị nọ na mkpa nri na ebe obibi, INN na-enyekwa Long Islanders ndụmọdụ na njikwa okwu, njikwa ụlọ na ụlọ, na nkuzi nkuzi maka ụmụaka na ndị nne na nna yana ọzụzụ ọrụ aka. 

## Mmekọrịta ama ama
. N'afọ 2010, Howitt Middle School na Farmingdale, NY mere Nkwado ego marathon ịgba egwu wee nwee ike ibuli $10,167 nke ha nyere ndị INN.  [1] Na 2011, Ice Girls si New York Islanders hockey otu nri nri na Mineola site n'iwepụta oge ha iji nyere aka nri nri na ikele ndị na-agafe agafe.

## Hụkwa

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ikike Nri
Ebe Mgbaba n'ụsọ oké osimiri

Coast Shelter (edenyere aha ya dị ka Central Coast Emergency Accommodation Services Ltd. ) bụ echiche ime na-akwado ndị na-eto eto na-onye ebe obibi, ndị okenye na ụmụ anụmanụ na na-enwe ime ihe ike n'  ụlọ & mpaghara na mpaghara Central Coast nke New South Wales, Australia.  Coast Shelter bụ mpaghara ọpụrụiche mpaghara ebe obibi ọpụrụiche na NSW ma na-enye ọtụtụ ebe obibi na ọrụ ndị ọzọ nye ndị na-enwe ihe isi ike n'ime obodo.

. E hiwere ihe na 1992 na Gosford Emergency Accommodation Services .  Onye bu ụzọ ahụ bụ Rumbalara Youth Refuge nke Gosford City Council hibere na 1985. [1] [2] ahịrị e mere ya, ejedebe akwụkwọ ihe ọmụmụ mmadụ 16,000 aka.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Coast Shelter akụkọ saịtị na saịtị nke Rumbalara Youth Refuge na Gosford, New South Wales .  Gosford City Council wuru Rumbalara na 1985 [1] ma nwee ike ngosi abụọ: akwa a na-abụ maka ndị ọrịa ebe obibi na akwa abụọ bụ maka ụmụ akwụkwọ nwere ike n'ibu na mbụ izu.  Kansụl gbakwara ọrụ maka ndị okenye na- mama ebe obibi na ụlọ kansụl dị iche.  Na Disemba 1991, mbelata ego mere ka kansụl ahụ mechiri ọrụ ahụ, mana Laurie Maher gakwuuru Jim Grainger nke Centacare Broken Bay nke egwu egwu ka ọ weghara ọrụ nke saịtị ahụ.  Ngalaba Ezin, na Ọrụ Obodo New South Wales ike a.  Na 1992, Maher hibere otu ọhụrụ, Gosford Emergency Accommodation Services

N'ime afọ ndị gafeworonụ, nzukọ a na-akwado ọrụ ebe obibi nsogbu ndị ọzọ na mpaghara Central Coast ma nye ya ọrụ ka ha rụọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ. Taa, Coast Shelter na-arụ ọrụ ebe obibi nsogbu itoolu, ebe etiti obodo abụọ, ma na-enye ụdị nkwado ndị ọzọ maka ndị na-enwe ma ọ bụ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke enweghị ebe obibi ma ọ bụ ime ihe ike n'ụlọ na ezinụlọ.  

Ngbanwe Gọọmenti NSW "Ịga n'ụlọ Ịnọ n'ụlọ" na 2014-15 gbanwere n'ụzọ dị egwu ego na ọrụ nke ọrụ ebe obibi nsogbu n'ofe Steeti ahụ wee bute nnukwu mgbanwe n'ime otu ahụ.  N'ikpeazụ, Coast Shelter nwetara njikwa nke ọtụtụ saịtị ya yana ọrụ ebe obibi nsogbu ndị ọzọ na mpaghara ahụ. 

## Hụkwa

* Enweghị ebe obibi na Australia
* ntọala

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Ụlọ ndị Juu

Ndị nwe Juu bụ ụlọ ọrụ ọstrelia - ndị Juu damuwa agụnye na-enyere ndị na-eche ebe obibi aka.  Ɔfaa na Eastern Suburbs nke Sydney .  [1] Ndị ọchụnta ego obodo bụ Roger na Anthony Clifford hiwere akwụkwọ a na 1986. Ụmụnna Clifford hiwere ebe nsogbu ahụ iji gboo mkpa nke ndị otu obodo ahụ na-alụ maka iji ọgwụ eme ihe.

## Ebe obibi nsogbu
. Ndị ọrụ ahụ na-arụ ọrụ ebe obibi nsogbu nke na-arụ ọrụ na usoro ọdịdị 14. N'ime oge a, ndị akara na-akpata ebe obibi na enweta ọrụ nkwado psycho-social kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ na nkwado iji  mee njem ha site na usoro

## Ndị mmadụ
Rabbi Mendel Kastel bụ onye isi otu ahụ.  Rabbi Kastel bụ onye ụkọchukwu ndị uwe ojii NSW, yana onye na-akwado usoro “mmanya a na-achịkwa” nke mmanya riri ahụ. 

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Ịda ogbenye na Bulgaria

**Ịda ogbenye na Bulgaria** bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị. Dị ka nke 2023 ahịrị ịda ogbenye bụ ego nke € 257 ma ọ bụ ihe na-erughị otu ọnwa yana ihe dị ka nde ụmụ amaala Bulgarian 1.5 (22% nke ndị bi na ya) bi n'okpuru ahịrị ịda ogbenye.   

Dị ka Eurostat si kwuo, dị ka nke 2017 23.4% nke ndị Bulgarian bi n'ihe ize ndụ nke ịda ogbenye. 

## Edensibia
Baibul

**Baibul** (mọ ọzọ kwa **Baibulu**) bu Akwụkwọ nso nke ndị nke Chineke (nwa ọkpara Chukwu). Akwụkwọ ndị dị ni ụwa erika; akwụkwọ nso ndị ọzọ gụnyere Qur'an, Veda, ma nke ndị supaman bu chi fa. Mana sọọsọ Baibulu na Qur'an na Veda bu akwụkwọ nso ni ezié.

Baibulu dị ụdị abụọ. Otú bụ nke ndị Jews (ndị ne ekwerọ nye nwa ọkpara Chukwu mana chọ Kraịst nke fa ga bia). Nke ọzọ bụ nke ndị nke Kraịst (anyị ne kpọ fa Kristaen).
Ihe osise

Manigiramam, ma ọ bụ manigramam, na-ezokarị aka n'òtù ndị akara mgbe ochie, nke ndị mmadụ ego n'India na-eme njem haziri, bụ ndị na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ndí India.  [1] [2] Tinyere ainurruvar (narị ise Ayyavole) na anjuvannam (anjuman), manigiramam na-ekere òkè dị ukwuu na ọrụ azụmahịa nke mpaghara ahụ.  [3] N'adịghị ka anjuvannam nke kpọchiri na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke ndị India, a na-ahụ manigramam ma n'ime ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na n'ebe ndị na-azụ ahha na-azụ. ***'

***'Otu ndị na-egosi a mara dị ka "Vani grama" ma ọ bụ "Vania grama" na-egosi ike ya na ugwu India dị ka mbụ awụ mbụ BC.  [1] Ha meta n'ihe odide Karle (narị afọ mbụ TOA), akwụkwọ ikike nke eze Vishnusena sitere na Kathiawad (narị afọ nke isii OA) nakwa na akwụkwọ ikike Sanjeli nke eze Toramana (narị afọ nke isii OA)

A na-ahụ ihe ndị nke ihe omume manigramam na South India site na mberede nke ise OA.  A na-ahụ ntụaka mbụ maka manigiramam na ndị dike ọla kọpa abụọ sitere na ndịda Karnataka (site na Melekote, Tumkur na nke mpaghara Hassan), ha abụọ dị na ike awụ nke ise OA.  [1] Akwụkwọ ikike Melekote de nri nke ala nye ụlọ arụ ndị Buddha .  [1] Efere ọla kọpa nke Quilon Siria, nke akpan afụ nke OA, gosikwara nke nke ndị ihu manigiramam.  [2] Ọ dị ka ka ọ na-erule ndị awụ nke ndụ, manigramam enweela ozi n'ịzụ akara osimiri ma soro ndị anjuvannam (anjuman) na-arụkọ ọrụ n'ike ọrụ n'ike osimiri ike.  [1] Ihe odide Tamil sitere na Takua Pa (narị afọ nke ndụ OA) na Thailand na-ezo aka na guild manigiramam

Site na akpa adọ nke 10 ainurruvar (narị ise Ayyavole) dị ka ndị ahụhụ kacha elu nke ndụ India.  E webatara manigiramam na anjuvannam n'ime ainurruvar .  Ainurruvar, n'ime na mgbe afu nke 12 OA nchebe, onye ọrụ dị ka "nchịkọta nche anwụ" iji guild ndị isi ndị ọzọ niile.  ****

## Hụkwa

* Ainurruvar (narị ise nke Ayyavole)
* Anjuvannam (Anjuman)
* India ka ukwuu
* Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmetụta India na Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Aha
Ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ Matthew Talbot

Matthew Talbot Hostel bụ ebe nchekwa ama ama na onye na-enye ọrụ nkwado maka ụmụ nwoke na-enweghị ebe obibi, na-arụ ọrụ kemgbe 1938, na etiti Sydney, Australia.  Ọ dị na 22 Talbot Place,.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Ndị St Vincent de Paul Society ntọala ntọala Matthew Talbot Hostel na 1938 [1] wee jiri akwa 11 na nri 100 ndị ozi ya kwa ụbọchị.

A raara ya nye, dị ka ụlọ mbikọ maka ụmụ nwoke "Manya enyi", na 25 October 1938 site na Coadjutor Archbishop nke Sydney, Norman Gilroy .  Akpọrọ ya aha onye ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri Dublin na onye ọkụrụ Matt Talbot .

Ụlọ mbikọ ahụ bụ nke mbụ dị na ụlọ ụka St. John dị na Kent Street. 

## Ozi
Ụlọ mbikọ na-enyere ndị nwoke karịrị afọ 21 aka bụ ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi ma ọ bụ ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke enweghị ebe obibi. A na-azụ ndị ọrụ n'ọkwa dị iche iche. N'oge nsogbu, ha na-enye aka na ịkwado ndị ọ metụtara. Ndị ọbịa ahụ na-enweta nri (ụlọ mbikọ na-enye ihe dị ka nri ọkụ 620 kwa ụbọchị), ịnweta ebe nchekwa, uwe, na ahụike. Ọzọkwa, ụlọ mbikọ na-enye njikwa ikpe, nkwado iwu na nkwado ụlọ, yana nkwado na nlekọta pụrụ iche maka ndị nwere ụra siri ike na trauma. Kwa afọ ihe karịrị ụmụ nwoke 35,000 na-erite uru na ụlọ mbikọ. 

Na mgbakwunye, Ozanam Learning Centre na-enye mmemme dị iche iche maka ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ amụrụ afụ 18 n'ụbọchị.

## Ụlọ mbikọ
O nwekwara ohere na ohere maka ọrụ ndị ọzọ. Ụlọ mbikọ ahụ nwere oghere nka maka ndị nwere nkà okike na mgbatị ahụ iji kpughee ụkpụrụ iwu obodo. N'ime ụlọ kọmputa, a na-akụzi nkà bara uru iji mee ka ịbanyeghachi n'ime ọha mmadụ. N'ebe a na-akpụ isi, a na-enyere ndị mmadụ aka iweghachi ọdịdị ha. A na-eji kichin eme ihe dị ka ebe ịmụtakwu banyere isi nri na nri. 

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Ntọala Ndị Sameria

Ndị Sameria Foundation (ma ọ bụ ndị Sameria ) bụ ọrụ ebere sitere na Australia na-arụ ọrụ na New South Wales .  sor a na-enye ọtụtụ ọrụ nkwado nyere maka ndị na-eche ebe obibi na ndị nwere ikike   

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Mgbọrọgwụ nke ndị Sameria bụ Newcastle Anglican Board of Social Work nke ike Anglican na-arụ na Newcastle .  N'October 14, 1984, Newcastle Anglican Board of Social Work ka a kọwapụtara dị ka ndị Sameria Foundation (ma ọ bụ "ndị Sameria") na ozi a nke iji "nyere aka na mgbasawanye nke ọrụ ndị mmadụ na ibe ya n'ime  Diocese." ) Ozi nke otu mbụ site na ọrụ dị mkpa na ole na-egosi asị, ebe na ụlọ ọrụ op

## Ụlọ ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi
Ndị Sameria na-arụ ọtụtụ ọrụ nkwado ebe obibi ebe mgbaba ndị na-ahụ ebe nchekwa ụmụaka

### Ebe mgbaba ndị ntorobịa
Ndị Sameria na-arụ ọrụ ebe mgbaba ndị mgbaàmà abụọ na-enye ebe obibi ike maka ndị ọrịa ebe obibi .  Ebe mgbaba bụ:

* Ebe obibi ndị ntorobịa Sameria (Newcastle), nke a na-akpọbu Clarendene House; na,
* Ebe obibi ndị ntorobịa Sameria (Maitland), nke a na-akpọbu Maitland Youth Crisis Center. 

### Ebe nchekwa ụmụ nwanyị
N'ịgbaso mmemme mmemme ebe obibi nke egwu NSW Going Home Staying Home, e mechiri ọtụtụ ebe mgbaba ụmụ anụmanụ, ebe ndị ọzọ bụ ebe mgbaba ime ihe ike nke na-enyefe n'aka ndị na-eweta ọrụ ebere.  N'ime na-akwụsị nke ahụ, ndị Sameria weghaara ọrụ nke ebe mgbaba ụmụ Kempsey, na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a dị ka Kempsey Homeless Support Service for Women

## Ndị mmadụ
In February 2016, Samaritans elected Peter Gardiner as the new president of the group.  The previous president, Cec Shevels, had held the position for 25 years before announcing his retirement from the Anglican Church.

## Hụkwa

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Mmiri -egwe ọka

Mmiri-egwe ọka bụ usoro nke a na-etinye ihe oriri na mmiri, na ma ọ bụ na-enweghị sulfur dioxide, iji mee ka mkpụrụ osisi dị nro iji nyere aka kewaa ihe dị iche iche nke kernel. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, osisi na-egwe ọka mmiri nwere ike ikewapụ ọka ọka 56-paụnd n'ime ihe karịrị kilogram 31 nke ọka ọka (nke n'aka nke ya nwere ike gbanwee ghọọ syrup ọka ma ọ bụ ethanol ọka). 15 paụnd nke ọka gluten nri maka iji na nri anụmanụ, na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 2 pound nke mmanụ ọka.

## Hụkwa

* Mmanya na-aba n'anya
* Ịgba ọka mmiri

## Edensibia

* Ọrụ Nnyocha nke Congress.
Ndị Sameria Foundation

The Samaritan Foundation (or the Samaritans) is a charity from Australia working in New South Wales.  This organization provides many social support services for the homeless and disabled  

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
The roots of the Samaritans are the Newcastle Anglican Board of Social Work which is run by the Anglican Church in Newcastle.  On October 14, 1984, the Newcastle Anglican Board of Social Work was defined as the Samaritans Foundation (or "the Samaritans") with the mission to "assist in the expansion of social work within  Diocese."  The first work of this group began with a few important services including emergency assistance, family centers and op shops

## Ụlọ ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi
.Samaritans operates a number of homelessness support services including youth refuges and women's shelters.

### Ebe mgbaba ndị ntorobịa
Samaritans operates two youth shelters that provide emergency shelter for homeless youth.  The refuge is:

* Ebe obibi ndị ntorobịa Sameria (Newcastle), nke a na-akpọbu Clarendene House; na,
* Ebe obibi ndị ntorobịa Sameria (Maitland), nke a na-akpọbu Maitland Youth Crisis Center. 

### Ebe nchekwa ụmụ nwanyị
.Following the NSW government's homelessness program Going Home Staying Home, many women's refuges were closed, while other former violence against women refuges were handed over to charity providers.  As part of the change, the Samaritans took over the operation of the Kempsey Women's Shelter, now operating as the Kempsey Homeless Support Service for Women 

## Ndị mmadụ
Na Febụwarị 2016, ndị Sameria họpụtara Peter Gardiner ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche ọhụrụ nke otu ahụ. Onye isi oche gara aga, Cec Shevels, ejirila ọkwa ahụ afọ 25 tupu ya ekwupụta ịla ezumike nka na otu Anglican. 

## Hụkwa

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Usoro Enyemaka Ụlọ Nkwado

The Approved Housing Assistance Program (SAAP) is aimed at reducing homelessness in Australia.  SAAP began in 1985 when Commonwealth and State/Territory funding programs were brought together.  The purpose of this new system is to enable the states to assist in managing the SAAP program.  [1] These programs are designed to provide transitional housing and related support services, to help homeless people achieve the highest degree of confidence and independence.  [1] Every state and territory runs a SAAP program, [2] providing 100,000 homeless Australians.

; Ndị enweghị ebe obibi nke mbụ
: Ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi, na-ebi n'okporo ámá.
; Nke abụọ enweghị ebe obibi
: Ndị mmadụ na-anọ n'ụlọ obibi na ndị mmadụ abanyelarị n'ụlọ SAAP na ọrụ ebe obibi mberede ndị ọzọ yiri ya.
; Ụlọ akwụkwọ na-enweghị ebe obibi
: Ndị na-enweghị ebe nchekwa na-anọ nwa oge n'etiti ndị enyi ma ọ bụ ndị ikwu n'ụlọ ndị mmadụ. 

N'afọ 2011, mmemme Specialist enweghị ebe obibi (SHS) nọchiri mmemme SAAP. 

## Hụkwa

* Ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ nke Victoria
* Ụlọ NSW
* Ụlọ ọha na eze na Australian Capital Territory
* Enweghị ebe obibi na Australia

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Òtù Pfrang

**Pfrang Association** (nke a makwaara dị ka **Pfrang** ) bụ òtù ọrụ ebere nke dabeere na Nanjing, China nke na-ebuli ego iji nyere aka na agụmakwụkwọ ụmụaka nọ na ndị ogbenye na ime obodo nke Jiangsu Province. Ebumnobi ya bụ inye aka imeri ahaghị nhata n'etiti ọha mmadụ na n'ihi ya mebie usoro nke enweghị agụmakwụkwọ, ịda ogbenye, na mpụ. 

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
E hiwere Pfrang Association na Nọvemba 2000 na ebe nchekwa ọnwụ Sandra, Thorsten, Petra na Jürgen Pfrang, nke sitere n'ọchịchọ idobe ncheta ha n'ụzọ dị mma. Jürgen Pfrang bụ onye njikwa German na-arụ ọrụ maka DaimlerChrysler . N'abalị nke 1 Eprel 2000, e gburu Pfrang na ezinụlọ ya n'ụlọ obibi ha na Nanjing n'ịgbalị izu ohi site n'aka ndị nwoke anọ na-enweghị ọrụ bụ ndị si obodo dara ogbenye dị nso bịa obodo ahụ.  Mgbe izu isii gachara, ụlọikpe mara ndị omekome anọ ahụ ikpe ma maa ha ikpe ọnwụ. Ndị enyi ezinụlọ Pfrang na ndị mbịarambịa ndị ọzọ bi na Nanjing hibere Pfrang Association n'ime otu afọ ahụ.

## ndabere
Òtù Pfrang na-atụ anya ịkwado aha ndị e gburu ma gbalịa ime ya site n'inyere aka ịkwụsị ajọ omume nke enweghị agụmakwụkwọ, enweghị ọrụ na mpụ. Njikọ ahụ etinyela uche ha n'ime ka o kwe omume n'ụzọ ego ka ụmụ akwụkwọ nọrọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ka ha wee tolite, ruo n'ikike ha ma n'ihi ya nweta ọtụtụ ohere na-eju afọ na ndụ. Ihe omume a bụ iji gboo mgbọrọgwụ nke nsogbu ahụ na otu ahụ na-atụ anya ịgbasa mmemme ha kwa afọ dịka ha mere na mbụ.

## Ọrụ
Kwa afọ Pfrang Association na-eme mmemme abụọ bụ isi inye ego, Pfrang Gala n'April na ụbọchị Pfrang na Ọktọba. Emere mmemme abụọ a n'ụlọ akwụkwọ mba ụwa nke Nanjing ma nwee ezigbo nsonye site na ndị mbịarambịa bi na Nanjing yana ndị obodo.  

Na mmekorita ya na Amity Foundation, Pfrang Association akpọtụrụla ụlọ akwụkwọ dị iche iche dị na mpaghara Lianshui, Guanyun na Huai'an dị n'ebe ugwu Jiangsu Province, na ego na-akwado ụmụ akwụkwọ etiti na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị bụ ndị nwere nnukwu nsogbu na izute ụfọdụ n'ime njirisi ndị a. : 

* Ego onye ọ bụla n'otu n'otu nke ezinụlọ ndị na-arịọ arịrịọ adịghị n'okpuru ahịrị ịda ogbenye akọwapụtara na mpaghara.
* ọbụghị ndị nne na nna ma ọ bụ ndị ikwu ya na-anata ụgwọ ọnwa mgbe niile, ma ọ bụ na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị ma ọ bụ azụmaahịa nkeonwe.

N'ime ndị na-achọ akwụkwọ mezuru ụkpụrụ ndị a, a na-ebute ụzọ:

* umu mgbei
* ụmụ akwụkwọ ndị nwere nkwarụ ma ọ bụ ndị nwere onye ikwu kpọmkwem nke nwere nkwarụ
* ụmụ akwụkwọ si n'ezinụlọ nne na-azụ ụmụ
* ụmụ akwụkwọ si na mba nta
* ụmụ akwụkwọ nwanyị

Ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụ akwụkwọ ndị Pfrang Association kwadoro gafere 500 na 2010. 

Nkwado Pfrang Association n'ọnọdụ niile anaghị akwụ ụgwọ kpamkpam.

## Kpọtụrụ
Ebe nlekọta nke Pfrang Association dị na ụlọ ọrụ Baden-Württemberg International, Gesellschaft für internationale wirtschaftliche und wissenschaftliche Zusammenarbeit mbH China Liaison Büro (bw-i) na ogbe ndịda Nanjing.

## Edensibia
na 1948-1952 na ihe ruru mmadụ 30,000 na 1970-1972.  N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2020, Lagos Steeti nyere akwụkwọ nchụpụ karịrị puku abụọ na narị ise n'obodo Fagba dị na Ifako-
Ịgba ala na Naịjirịa

[alt=Country marked in green|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| [Naijiria|Nigeria na globe]]
[alt=Refer to caption|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Echiche ikuku nke [Makoko na Lagos]]
**Squatting na Nigeria** na-ezo aka na onye na-abụghị onye nwe ya, na-ewere ala ma ọ bụ ụlọ efu. Ndị squatters na-esi n'ime ime obodo akwaga n'obodo ndị dị ka Abuja, Port Harcourt na karịsịa Lagos . Lagos nwere ihe karịrị nde mmadụ nde iri na anọ n'afọ 2019 yana ọtụtụ mkpọkpọ ụlọ gụnyere Makoko .

## Nchịkọta
Ọgba aghara na Naijiria na-eme mgbe ndị mmadụ si n'ime ime obodo na-akwaga obodo dịka Abuja, Port Harcourt na karịsịa Lagos .   Ihe ndị ọzọ kpatara ya gụnyere enweghị ụlọ dị ọnụ ala, enweghị ọrụ na enweghị ike ịnweta ego mgbazinye.  Ihe mgbochi na-ewu ụlọ dị ọnụ ala bụ nrụrụ aka, enweghị atụmatụ amụma mba na ọchịchị ọjọọ.  N'ihi ọrịa COVID-19 na Naịjirịa, enweghị ebe obibi na obodo na-abawanye na 2020. 

N'ọgwụgwụ 1960s na mmalite 1970s, e nwere obere squatting na West Africa karịa na mpaghara ndị ọzọ nke Africa na Latin America, n'ihi na ihe onwunwe mgbazinye ọnụ ala dị ọnụ ala na usoro agbụrụ omenala pụtara na ọ dị mfe ịchọta ụlọ.  Agbanyeghị, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi n'obodo mepere emepe na-arị elu ngwa ngwa: Ajegunle, nke bụ akụkụ Lagos ugbu a, si na mmadụ 12,951 pụta na 1948–1952, ruo ihe ruru 120,000 na 1970–1972; Aba wee si 57,787 na 1948–1952 ruo ihe ruru 300,000 na 1970–1972; Abeokuta si na mmadụ 84,451 gaa n'afọ 1948–1952 ruo ihe ruru 250,000 na 1970–1972; Kakuri ugbu a akụkụ nke Kaduna nwere mmadụ 1,000 na 1948-1952 na ihe ruru mmadụ 30,000 na 1970-1972.  N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2020, Lagos Steeti nyere akwụkwọ nchụpụ karịrị puku abụọ na narị ise n'obodo Fagba dị na Ifako-Ijaiye, na-ekwupụta na ndị squatters bụ ndị ọchụnta ego tinyere aka na ngagharị iwe EndSARS . 

## Lagos
Isi obodo Lagos bụ obodo ndị mmadụ kacha biri na Africa, yana ihe karịrị nde mmadụ 14 na 2019 (Nigeria n'ozuzu nwere ihe karịrị nde mmadụ 200).   N'afọ 1995, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 70% nke ndị bi na Lagos bi na mkpọkpọ ụlọ .  Makoko bụ mpaghara nwere obodo isii, anọ dị na mmiri na abụọ n'ala. Obodo ndị dị n'elu mmiri bụ ụlọ osisi e wuru n'akụkụ àkwà mmiri nke atọ Mainland . Enweghị ọnụ ọgụgụ gọọmentị na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na ya sitere na 40,000 ruo mmadụ 300,000.  Mgbalị ịchụpụ na 2012 site na State Ministry of Waterfront Infrastructure Development kwụsịrị mgbe a gbagburu onye bi na ya.  Badia East bụ mkpọmkpọ ebe n'akụkụ okporo ụzọ ụgbọ oloko nke hụla nchụpụ buru ibu na 1986, 1997, 2003 na 2013. 

## Edensibia
na 1948-1952 na ihe ruru mmadụ 30,000 na 1970-1972.  N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2020, Lagos Steeti nyere akwụkwọ nchụpụ karịrị puku abụọ na narị ise n'obodo Fagba dị na Ifako-

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* 
* 
*
Ndube

**Ndube**, ma ka akụkụ research na ka skill omume, gụnyere ike ị jị mé nke otu onye, otu, mọ oganaizeshon ị "", influens, mọ du ndị ọzọ, tiims, mọ oganaizeshon.

"Ndube" bụ kọntested tem. Literaechọ nke ndị pụrụ iche ne dibaet various viupoints gbasara konsept a, ụfọdụ oge ne kontrast Istan and Westan approach ga ndube, na kwa (ni ime West) Not Amerikan versus Europian approach.
Nnukwu Nsogbu (Australia)

. The Big Issue in Australia is a street magazine that started in 1996. The Australian edition of the magazine is a project of the UK's Big Issue.  The first magazine was launched in Australia on the steps of Melbourne's Flinders Street train station on 16 June 1996.

Kemgbe e guzobere ya na 1996, ihe dị ka ndị na-ere ahịa n'okporo ámá 7,000 erewo ihe karịrị nde 13 nke magazin ahụ, na-enwetakọ ihe karịrị nde $31.  Taa, a na-ere magazin ahụ maka $9.

N'isi ụlọ ọrụ akwụkwọ ahụ dị na Melbourne, mbipụta nke mbipụta ọhụrụ ọ bụla gụnyere nri ụtụtụ mmalite maka ndị na-ere ahịa obodo. Onye ndezi ga-enyocha ihe dị na mbipụta wee nata nzaghachi n'aka ndị na-ere ahịa. 

## Ndị mmadụ
Steven Persson bụ onye isi akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ. 

### Ndị na-ere ahịa
N'Australia, ndị na-ere ahịa enweghị ebe obibi, ndị akagbu na ndị nwere nsogbu sitere n'ụdị ọnọdụ adịghị mma, gụnyere ndị nwere ọnọdụ ahụike uche ma ọ bụ ọgwụ riri ahụ. 

## Ọrụ nkwado ụlọ
N'afọ 2015 The Big Issue Australia hibere oru ngo a na-akpọ Ụlọ maka Ụlọ, atụmatụ nke ga-enyere aka iweta ego ọhụrụ na-aga n'ihu maka ụlọ ọha na eze dị ọnụ ala. Atụmatụ afọ ofufo a na-agba ndị nwe ụlọ, ndị na-emepụta ihe onwunwe na ụlọ akụ ume ka ha nye onyinye na-ewepụ ụtụ isi nke pasent 0.1 nke ọnụ ahịa ihe onwunwe ha, n'oge ha na-ere. A na-ekesa ego a na-enweta site na Ụlọ maka Ụlọ n'aka ndị na-enye ụlọ obibi iji wuo ihe onwunwe dabere na mpaghara mkpa ụlọ kachasị. 

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Ndị ọkà mmụta na-eto eto nke China Network Nnyocha Ịda ogbenye

**Ndị na-eto eto China Scholars Poverty Research Network** kwadoro site n'aka ndị otu Canada bụ International Development Research Center (IDRC) na Center for International Governance Innovation (CIGI) iji chọpụta ma kwado ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke ndị nchọpụta na-eto eto na-arụ ọrụ na ịda ogbenye na nkesa. na China .

## Ebumnuche
Ebumnuche nke netwọk ahụ bụ ka ya na ndị ọkà mmụta na-eto eto nọ na China na-arụkọ ọrụ iji nyochaa ụzọ nyocha ọhụrụ maka nyocha ịda ogbenye na site na usoro a iji nwetakwuo nke ọma na iji data nyocha ịda ogbenye dị ugbu a.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Emere netwọk ahụ n'oge okpomọkụ nke 2005 na Li Shi ( Beijing Normal University, China) na John Whalley ( Mahadum nke Western Ontario na CIGI, Canada) na-ahazi ya.

## Nduzi
Enwere ndị ndụmọdụ iri na ise na-enye ndụmọdụ na ntụziaka nye ndị ọkà mmụta na-eto eto na nyocha ha. Ndị otu netwọk niile na-ezukọ kwa afọ na-enye ndị ọkà mmụta na-eto eto ohere iji gosipụta nchoputa ha; Netwọk ahụ na-ahazikwa usoro ọmụmụ ihe na Beijing Normal University .

Ugbu a, netwọk ahụ na-enye nkwado ego nye ndị na-eme nchọpụta na-eto eto China iri na atọ bụ ndị ọrụ netwọk ndị agadi na-eduzi ọrụ ngo. E zoro aka na akwụkwọ niile ma nweere onwe ya ibudata (site na ikikere Creative Commons ).

Onye ọ bụla n'ime ndị ọkà mmụta na-eto eto na-enye atụmatụ mbụ maka nyocha ha na nzukọ netwọk, na onye ọ bụla na-enweta nkọwa, nzaghachi na-emesịa-ndụmọdụ maka mmepe mmepe nke ọrụ ha. A na-enye ha ohere ka ha na ndị ọkà mmụta guzosie ike na-arụ ọrụ emecha na-akpakọrịta na ngosi ngosi yana nkọwa amụma na mkparịta ụka ntụzịaka nyocha.

Ewubere netwọkụ ahụ gburugburu kọmitii nhazi nke gụnyere ma ndị okenye na ndị na-eme nchọpụta so obere sitere na isi ụlọ ọrụ dị na China na ndị na-abụghị ndị nyocha China. Emere ọgbakọ netwọk ikpeazụ n'afọ 2008. CIGI na-akwado ntinye akwụkwọ.

## Edensibia

* IDRC/CIGI Ndị na-eto eto China Ọkà Mmụta Ịda ogbenyemmepe mmepe nke ọrụ ha. A na-enye ha ohere ka ha na ndị ọkà mmụta guzosie ike na-arụ ọrụ emecha na-akpakọrịta na ngosi ngosi

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ọrụ nyocha netwọkụ
* Ibe ebe obibi gọọmentị