Friedel Sellschop

**Jacques Pierre Friederich (Friedel) Sellschop** (8 June 1930 &#x2D; 4 August 2002) bụ onye sayensị South Africa na onye ọsụ ụzọ n'ọhịa nke physics nuklia.

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Sellschop na Luderitz, Namibia na 8 June 1930.  Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Pretoria (BSc) na Mahadum Stellenbosch (MSc), ma nweta PhD na Nuclear Physics na Mahadum Cambridge . Mgbe  gụsịrị akwụkwọ na England, ọ laghachiri South Africa na ndụmọdụ nke Basil Schonland, onye nkuzi ya.

## Enyemaka na nyocha neutrino
 Febụwarị 1965, Sellschop so n'otu ìgwè nke chọpụtara neutrino mbụ a chọtara na okike, n'otu n'ime Ebe a na-egwupụta ọlaedo na South Africa. E mere nnwale ahụ n'ime ụlọ a kwadebere nke ọma na omimi nke kilomita 3 na ebe a na-egwupụta ihe n'ime ala ERPM dị nso na Boksburg. &nbsp;Ihe ncheta dị n'ime ụlọ ahụ na-echeta nchọpụta ahụ. Nnyocha ndị ahụ tinyekwara usoro ihe omu ihe omuma nke neutrino ma lelee nsogbu nke physics neutrino na mmekọrịta na-adịghị ike.

## Enyemaka na physics diamond
Sellschop bụ ọkachamara na physics nke diamond. Nnyocha ya ebe a sara mbara. Dị ka onye otu CERN NA43 na NA59,  o nyere aka na nnwale ndị jiri diamond zuru oke na nke siri ike mepụta ma mụọ ike kachasị elu na nso monochromatic photons mepụtara na ụlọ nyocha.  bụ onye nyere aka dị mkpa n'ọhịa nke nuclear geochemistry na diamond, na-agba akaebe na ihe ndị mejupụtara diamond sitere n'okike ma na-ejikọta nke a na mantle geochemistory. A na-ahụ diamond dị ka "ndị ozi si n'ime ala", nke a na-eche na ọ na-eweta ihe mkpuchi dị n'elu nke echekwara nke ọma n'ụlọ mkpọrọ kemịkal na nke anụ ahụ.  mụtakwara ion-implantation nke diamond ma bụrụ onye ọsụ ụzọ nke diamond dị ka ihe dị mma maka ngwa eletrik [1] na anya [2] .

 natara Ihe nrite Max Planck maka ọrụ ya na physics neutrino na diamond.

## Enyemaka nye ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị
A na-echeta Friedel Sellschop dị ka onye ndu sayensị ọhụụ na ọhụụ. O nyere aka na mahadum ya na mba ya. Site  1959 ruo 1988, Sellschop jere ozi dị ka oche nke Physics Nuclear nke Mahadum Witwatersrand, onye mbụ nwere oche dị otú ahụ na South Africa niile. 'ọrụ a, dị ka nwa okorobịa, ọ malitere site na ihe ọ bụla ma mepụta nnukwu ụlọ nyocha na ngalaba nyocha nke physics nuklia. Ya mere, ọ bụ onye guzobere ngalaba nyocha nke Nuclear Physics na Mahadum Witwatersrand na 1956. E mechara kpọwa ụlọ nyocha a Schonland Centre for Nuclear Sciences. N'afọ 2005, e nyere Schonland Center na steeti ka iThemba LABS na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ụlọ ọrụ mba.

Sellschop bụ Dean nke Faculty of Science na Mahadum nke Witwatersrand site na 1979 ruo 1983. O mechara bụrụ osote osote onye isi ala (Nnyocha) site na 1984 ruo 1996. 'ọnọdụ a, nke ọ lara ezumike nká, Sellschop nyere aka n'ịmepụta iwu ego na usoro ga-eme ka o doo anya n'inye ego nyocha.

Ndepụta nke ụfọdụ n'ime ọnọdụ ya n'ọrụ obodo na-esonụ 

* **Onye ndụmọdụ pụrụ iche nye Minista**, Ministrị nke nka, ọdịbendị, sayensị na teknụzụ 1994-1998
* South African Association for the Advancement of Science, onye otu kansụl 1958-2002, Onye isi oche 1970-1972
* Joint Council of Scientific Societies of South Africa, onye isi ala 1971-1972, osote onye isi ala 1991-1993, onye isi ala 1993-1995, onye isi ala gara aga (na kansụl) 1995-2002
* South African Institute of Physics, onye isi oche 1995-1997, onye otu nsọpụrụ 1998 na.
* Associated Scientific & Technical Societies of South Africa, na-achịkwa ndị isi 1958-2002, osote onye isi oche 1996, onye isi oche 1997/8
* **Royal Society nke South Africa**, onye otu kansụl 1994-2002, osote onye isi oche, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, onye isi oche (Transvaal Branch) 1994, onye isi oche 1999-2002
* National Advisory Council on Innovation, nke Minista nke Arts, Culture, Science na Technology họpụtara, 1998-2002.

## Akwụkwọ ndị dị mkpa
Friedel Sellschop dere ihe karịrị akwụkwọ 300 na akwụkwọ akụkọ mba ụwa. Nhọrọ nke ndị  na-esote.

* Sellschop JPF, Nkebi nke I.3, peeji nke 81-179 Nnyocha nuklia na ọmụmụ diamond na The properties of natural and synthetic diamond Ed. &nbsp;Ubi JE. Akwụkwọ akụkọ Academic Press, 1992   
* F. Reines, M. F. Crouch, T. L. Jenkins, W. R. Kropp, H. S. Gurr, na G. R. Smith, J. P. F. Sellschop na B. Meyer, **Ihe akaebe maka High-Energy Cosmic-Ray Neutrino Interactions**, Phys. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 15, (1965) 429–433. Oge e depụtara: 35
* Holzschuh E, Kundig W, Meier PF, Patterson BD, Sellschop JPF, Stemmet MC, Appel H, **Muonium na Diamond**, Physical Review A 25 (3): 1272-1286 1982, Times E depụtara: 110
* Sellschop JPF, Madiba CCP, Annegarn HJ, Light Volatiles in Diamond - Physical Interpretation and Genetic Significance, Nuclear Instruments and Methods 168 (1-3): 529-534 1980, Times Cited: 60
* Prins JF, Derry TE, Sellschop JPF, Mpịakọta **Mgbasawanye nke Diamond n'oge Ion-Implantation**, Physical Review B 34 (12): 8870-8874 15 Dec 1986, Times Cited: 56
* Freudenberger J, Gavrikov VB, Galemann M, Genz H, Groening L, Morokhovskii Vl, Morokховskii VV, Nething U, Richter A, Sellschop JPF, Shulga NF, **Parametric X-Ray-Radiation hụrụ na Diamond na Low Electron Energies**, Physical Review Letters 74 (13): 2487-2490 27 Machị 1995, Oge e depụtara: 37
* Derry TE, Madiba CCP, Sellschop JPF, Oxygen na Hydrogen on the Surface of Diamond, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research 218 (1-3): 559-562 1983, Times Cited: 37
* Andersen JU, Datz S, Laegsgaard E, Sellschop JPF, Sorensen AH, Radiation from two-Dimensional Molecular Bound-States of Electrons Channeled in Diamond, Physical Review Letters 49 (3): 215-218 1982, Times Cited: 35
* Tredoux M, DeWit MJ, Hart RJ, Armstrong RA, Lindsay NM, Sellschop JPF, Platinum Group Elements in A 3.5 Ga Nickel-Iron Occurrence - Posible Evidence of a Deep Mantle Origin, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth and Planets 94 (B1): 795-813 10 Jenụwarị 1989, Oge e depụtara: 34
* Schneider JW, Kiefl RF, Chow KH, Johnston S, Sonier J, Estle TL, Hitti B, Lichti RL, Connell SH, Sellschop JPF, Smallman CG, Anthony TR, Banholzer WF, Bond-Centered Muonium in Diamond - Resolved Nuclear Hyperfine-Structure, Physical Review Letters 71 (4): 557-560 26 Jul 1993, Times E hotara: 33
* Delcampo JG, Shapira D, Biggerstaff JA, Moak CD, Miller PD, Neskovic N, Fearick RW, Sellschop JPF, Measurements of Nuclear Deexcitation Times Down to 10-19 Sec Using Crystal Blocking of O-16 on Diamond, Physical Review Letters 51 (6): 451-454 1983, Times Cited: 25
* Annegarn HJ, Jodaikin A, Cleatonjones PE, Sellschop JPF, Madiba CCP, Bibby D, Pixe Analysis of Caries Related Trace-Elements in Tooth Enamel, Nuclear Instruments and Methods 181 (1-3): 323-326 1981, Times Cited: 22
* Connell SH, Fearick RW, Hoernle RFA, Sideras-Haddad E, Sellschop JPF, Search for Low-Energy Resonances in the Electron-Positron Annihilation-in-Flight Photon Spectrum, Physical Review Letters 60 (22): 2242-2245 30 May 1988, Times Cited: 19
* Medenwaldt R, Moller SP, Jensen BN, Strakhovenko VM, Uggerhoj E, Worm T, Elsener K, Sona P, Connell SH, Sellschop JPF, Avakian RO, Avetisian AE, Taroian SP, Nnyocha Nnyocha nke Hard Photon-Emission site na Strong Crystalline Fields, Physics Letters B 281 (1-2): 153-158 7 May 1992, Times Cited: 18

## Onyinye na nsọpụrụ
Friedel Sellschop nwere nzere doctorate ise. 

* Dr rer nat h.c., Johan Wolfgang von Goethe Mahadum Frankfurt / Main, 1989
* DSc honoris causa Mahadum nke Cape Town, 1995
* DSc honoris causa Mahadum Pretoria, 1996
* DSc honoris causa Mahadum nke Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 1997
* DSc honoris causa Mahadum Stellenbosch, 1998

Nhọrọ nke nsọpụrụ  onyinye ya na-agụ dị ka ndị a:

* Mmadụ anọ pụtara ìhè na-eto eto nke afọ nke SA Junior Chamber of Commerce (1968) 
* Ihe nrite South Africa (ọlaedo) nke SA Association for the Advancement of Science (1984) 
* Onyinye Percy Fox Foundation (1986) 
* John F. W. Herschel Medal (ọlaedo) nke Royal Society of South Africa (1987) 
* Ingham Award nke SA Institute of Mechanical Engineering (1988) 
* Ihe nrite SA Mine Ventilation Society (1989) 
* de Beers Gold Medal nke South African Institute of Physics (1990) 
* Mbipụta nke Zeitschrift für Physik **A336/2** (1990) raara nye dị ka Festschrift n'oge ọmụmụ ya nke afọ 60 na 1990 
* Max Planck Research Prize nke Max Planck Society  Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Germany (1992) *Nkwupụta: Maka nchọpụta ya nke neutrino na ọrụ ọsụ ụzọ ya n'ọhịa diamond * [1]
* Heraeus Foundation Fellowship e mere na Mahadum Karlsruhe, Germany (1993) 
* Ihe nrite mba (ihe nrite ọla edo) nke Associated Scientific and Technical Societies of South Africa
* Ihe nrite nke Kọmitii Physics Diamond (UK) (1994) 
* Int. Nkwupụta.  Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Modern Physics e mere iji sọpụrụ ya - Luderitz, Namibia (2000). [1]
* Nzukọ nke 9 nke mba ụwa na Nuclear Reaction Mechanisms - Varenna, Ịtali June 5-9, 2000 A raara ya nye iji sọpụrụ Friedel Sellschop.
* National Science and Technology Forum Award maka onyinye pụtara ìhè na ngalaba sayensị, injinia na teknụzụ (SET) n'oge ndụ (2001) 
* Ntọala maka Nnyocha Mmepe Ọnọdụ Nnyocha "A"
* Ihe nrite mbụ nke Order  the Baobab (Gold), mgbe ọ nwụsịrị site n'aka Onye isi ala Thabo Mbeki na Union Buildings (2002) Nkwupụta: maka enyemaka pụrụ iche na ngalaba nke physics nuklia na maka ịchọpụta neutrino mbụ na-eme n'okike [1]

## Akụkọ ọnwụ
Sellschop nwụrụ n'udo na 4 Ọgọstụ 2002.

## Njikọ mpụga

* Mahadum nke Witwatersrand
* The (nke bụbu) Schonland Research Centre Nke a bụ nke Mahadum Witwatersrand nyere steeti, ka iThemba LABS na-elekọta na 2005
* iThemba LABS (Gauteng)

## Ihe edeturu n'okpuru ala

Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations