Paul B. Moses

**Paul Bell Moses** (December 9, 1929 - Maachị 24, 1966) bụ onye ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nka America, onye nkatọ na onye nkuzi, ọkachamara na nka French narị afọ nke 19. Otu n'ime ndị mbụ Africa America gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Haverford College na 1951, Moses kụziri na Mahadum Chicago site na 1962 ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ.

## Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Moses na Disemba 9, 1929, na Ardmore, Pennsylvania, nye Paul S. Moses, onye na-ese ụlọ, na Annie Moses, onye na-asa ákwà. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Lower Merion High School na 1947.  Ọ debanyere aha na kọleji Haverford dị ka otu n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ Africa mbụ ya na 1948. Ọ diri ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na Haverford, na-ebi n'ụlọ dị ka onye ọhụrụ n'ihi na ụmụ akwụkwọ ọcha jụrụ ịbanye na ya. Ọ malitere inwe mmasị maka nkà na akụkọ ihe mere eme wee ghọọ onye na-akwado onye nchịkọta nkà na onye ọrụ ebere Albert C. Barnes, onye nchoputa nke Barnes Foundation, bụ nke nyere Moses akwụkwọ mmụta nke nyere ya ohere ịgụ akwụkwọ na mba ọzọ na Sorbonne na École du Louvre n'oge ya. afọ nke obere. Barnes degara ndị ọrụ French na ndị na-anakọta akwụkwọ ozi mmeghe n'aha onye nchebe ya. Moses gụsịrị akwụkwọ magna cum laude na Haverford na 1951. 

## Ọrụ
Moses jere ozi dị ka onye nzuzo na United States Army site na 1952 ruo 1954, na-eje ozi dị ka onye ntụgharị okwu ndị agha na France. N'ịmecha ọrụ agha ya, ọ kụziri obere oge na Barnes Foundation na Lincoln University tupu ya akụzi ihe na American Overseas School of Rome site na 1957 ruo 1959. Mgbe ọ nọ n'Ịtali, ọ pụtara dị ka ihe mgbakwunye na ihe nkiri 1959 *Ben-Hur*, na-egwu onye agha Rom na-emegide onye na-eme ihe nkiri Charlton Heston . Oge ya na France na Ịtali mere ka ọ na-asụ French na Italian nke ọma. N'ịlaghachi steeti na 1959, Moses gụchara nzere masta na nka nka na Mahadum Harvard wee rụọ ọrụ dịka onye nkuzi mgbe ọ na-achụso PhD ya. Ihe odide ya lekwasịrị anya na etchings na monotypes nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri French Impressionist Edgar Degas .  

Moses kwagara Hyde Park, Chicago, wee bụrụ onye nkuzi na ngalaba nka na Mahadum Chicago na ọdịda nke 1962. Ọ kụziri ihe ọmụmụ na mbipụta French narị afọ nke 19 na French Impressionism yana klaasị ndị ọzọ na mmadụ. Ọ kpalitere ọgba aghara mgbe ọ jụrụ ịkụziri *The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn* n'ihi otú akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ si emeso agbụrụ, nke ọ hụrụ ka ọ na-ebelata n'ebe ndị ojii nọ. Ndị nkuzi ibe ya masịrị ya ma kwanyere ya ugwu, a kwalitere Moses ka ọ bụrụ osote prọfesọ nke Art na Humanities na Nọvemba 1964, bụrụ otu n'ime obere ngalaba ojii na mahadum. 

Na Disemba 1963, ''Arts et Métiers Graphiques'' kpọrọ Moses ka o bipụta nnukwu *katalọgụ raisonné* nke Edgar Degas. Na 1964, ọ chịkọtara ihe ngosi nke mbipụta Degas na Renaissance Society . Ọ natara onyinye Whitney Foundation a ma ama ka o mee nyocha na France na 1963 wee nata otu Inland Steel Faculty Fellowship na 1964. N'ịbụ onye a na-achọkarị dị ka onye nkuzi na ọkàiwu maka ihe ngosi nka, "ọ na-egosi na ọ bụ naanị onye isi ojii na-abịa na ihe omume ndị a," na-egosipụta ọrụ ya na nkà na nkà na Chicago na n'ofe. O bipụtakwara nyocha na ngalaba nka nke *Chicago Daily News .* N'ime ndụ ya niile, ọ na-ese ma na-ese ihe, karịsịa ọdịdị ala sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ sitere n'aka ndị na-ese ihe nkiri ọ gụrụ. Ọ chịkọtara nkà, karịsịa French Impressionist art, gụnyere monotype nke Camille Pissarro kwuru na mbipụta nke Honoré Daumier . 

## Ndụ onwe na ọnwụ
Mgbe ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ na Harvard, Moses zutere Alice Johnson, onye nkụzi sayensị ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị na onye nkụzi nke Cheyney State Teacher's College . Mgbe di na nwunye ahụ lụrụ na oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1962 wee kwaga Chicago, Johnson kụziri na Mahadum Chicago Laboratory Schools ihe karịrị afọ 20 tupu ọnwụ ya na 1994. Ọ jere ozi dị ka onye mbụ African American na nwanyị mbụ onye isi oche nke National Science Teachers Association .  Paul na Alice nwa nwoke, Michael Moses, onye a mụrụ na 1963, gara Whittier College ma kụziere anụ ahụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ Laboratory ihe karịrị 30 afọ. 

N'uhuruchi nke March 24, 1966, a tọọrọ Paul Moses ụgbọ ala mgbe ọ na-anya ụgbọ ala naanị ya na ugwu Chicago. Ụmụ okorobịa abụọ ndị ọcha, onye dị afọ 20 na onye dị afọ 16, gbagburu ya n'ike ma zuru ụgbọ ala ya. Mozis nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 36.  Mgbe ndị uwe ojii gbara ya ajụjụ ọnụ, ndị ogbu mmadụ ahụ boro Mozis ebubo na “ọ tụrụ aro ka ha tinye aka n’omume na-ekwekọghị n’okike,” nke butere ọgụ na mgba n’ọgbụgba ndụ Moses. E mere ka ebumnobi ahụ zuo ụgbọ ala n'ụlọ ikpe, ma ndị mmadụ abụọ a ikpe mara ikpe. Onye toro eto nwetara mkpọrọ afọ 14 ruo 30, ma onye dị afọ 16 etinyere na njide ụmụaka. 

## Ihe nketa
Nnyocha nke Moses metụtara Jean Adhémar 's na Françoise Cachin 's *Degas: The Complete Etchings, Lithographs and Monotypes*, nke e bipụtara na French na 1973 na n'asụsụ Bekee otu afọ mgbe e mesịrị. Na 1983, Haverford College guzobere Paul B. Moses Scholarship Fund, a na-enye kwa afọ ụmụ akwụkwọ ndị na-agụnye "àgwà, nkà na àgwà nke Paul Moses." Na 2022, Mahadum Chicago Ọbá akwụkwọ kwadoro ihe ngosi na Moses dị ka "ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na-agbapụta azụ." Michael Moses na nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Chicago bụ Stephanie Strother chepụtara ihe ngosi ahụ n'ọ́bá akwụkwọ Regenstein . {  Na 2023, Barnes Foundation kwadoro ihe ngosi na ndị nnata akwụkwọ mmụta Foundation site na 1927 ruo 1949, na-egosi Moses dị ka otu n'ime ndị nnata anọ a ma ama. 

## Ntụaka
mgbakwunye na ihe nkiri 1959 Ben-Hur, na-egwu onye agha Rom na-emegide onye na-eme ihe nkiri Charlton Heston . Oge ya na France na Ịtali mere ka ọ na-asụ French na Italian nke ọma. N'ịlaghachi steeti na 1959, Moses gụchara nzere masta na nka nka na Mahadum Harvard wee rụọ ọrụ dịka onye nkuzi mgbe ọ na-achụso PhD ya. Ihe odide ya lekwasịrị anya na etchings