Vascularisation

**Vascularisation** ma ọ bụ **neovascularization** (**' + vascular + **') bụ usoro ahụike nke ** ọbara na-emepụta na anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ akụkụ ahụ.

Ihe ndị na-eto eto na-egbochi neovascularization gụnyere ndị na-emetụta nkewa sel endothelial na ọdịiche. Ihe ndị a na-eto eto na-emekarị na paracrine ma ọ bụ autocrine; ha gụnyere ihe na-eto eto fibroblast, ihe na-eto eto placental, ihe na-eto eto dị ka insulin, ihe na-eto eto hepatocyte, na ihe na-eto endothelial nke sitere na platelet.

Ọ nwere ike ime site na angiogenesis (nhazi nke arịa ọbara ọhụrụ sitere na ndị dịbu adị), vasculogenesis (mmepụta arịa ọbara n'oge mmepe, karịsịa na embrayo) ma ọ bụ arteriogenesis (ebe obere arịa na-abawanye n'ime akwara na-arụ ọrụ zuru oke).

## Vasculogenesis
 
Vasculogenesis bụ usoro nhazi arịa ọbara, nke na-eme site na mmepụta nke mkpụrụ ndụ endothelial.[1] Ọ bụ ọkwa mbụ nke nhazi netwọkụ vaskụla, nke na-esote angiogenesis.

Nke a bụ mmepụta nke akwara ọbara n'oge mmalite mmepe ọkachasị na embryo. Akwara ọbara na-amalite site na mkpụrụ ndụ pụrụ iche a maara dị ka mkpụrụ ndụ nna nna endothelial. Ọ bụ ezie na usoro a na-emekarị n'oge uto embryo, ọ pụkwara ime n'etiti ndị okenye mgbe ahụ chọrọ idozi akwara ọbara mebiri emebi ma ọ bụ too ọhụrụ mgbe mmerụ ahụ mere.

Vasculogenesis bụ mmepụta nke akwara ọbara ọhụrụ, n'Agwaetiti ọbara, nke na-ebu ụzọ pụta na mesoderma nke akpa yolk na izu 3 nke mmepe,  mgbe enweghị ndị dịbu adị.  Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na monolayer nke mkpụrụ ndụ endothelial amalite itolite iji mepụta Capillaries, angiogenesis na-eme. Vasculogenesis, n'ụzọ dị iche, bụ mgbe mkpụrụ ndụ na-ebute endothelial (Angioblasts) na-akwaga ma na-adị iche na nzaghachi maka ihe ngosi mpaghara (dị ka ihe na-eto eto na matrix extracellular) iji mepụta akwara ọbara ọhụrụ. A na-egbutu osisi vascular ndị a ma gbasaa site na angiogenesis.

Vasculogenesis nwekwara ike ibilite na ihe ndị toro eto site na mkpụrụ ndụ nna nna endothelial na-agbasa (ihe sitere na mkpụrụ ndụ stem). Mkpụrụ ndụ ndị a nwere ike inye aka, ọ bụ ezie na n'ogo dịgasị iche iche, na neovascularization. Ihe atụ nke ebe vasculogenesis nwere ike ime na ndị okenye bụ:

* Uto nke akpụ (lee HP59) 
* Revascularization ma ọ bụ neovascularization mgbe trauma gasịrị, dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe obi ischemia ma ọ bụ retinal ischemia gasịrị
* Endometriosis - O yiri ka ihe ruru 37% nke microvascular endothelium nke ectopic endometrial tissue sitere na mkpụrụ ndụ nna nna endothelial.

## Angiogenesis
 
Ọ bụ usoro ebe akwara ọbara ọhụrụ na-emepụta site na ndị dịbu adị. Nke a na-eme n'ụzọ okike mgbe ahụ chọrọ idozi anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ mgbe ọnyá chọrọ ịgwọ. Ọ na-akpali site na mgbaàmà sitere na ihe ndị na-eto eto, dị ka Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), nke na-akwalite mmepụta nke arịa ọhụrụ. Otú ọ dị, usoro a nwere ike ịga nke ọma mgbe ụfọdụ na mmepụta akpụ ebe ọ na-enye ohere ka akpụ mepụta ọbara nke ha ma buru ibu, nke nwere ike ibute ọrịa dịka ọrịa kansa.

Angiogenesis bụ ụdị neovascularization a na-ahụkarị na mmepe na uto, ọ dịkwa mkpa ma na usoro ahụike ma na usoro ọrịa. Angiogenesis na-ewere ọnọdụ site na mmepụta nke arịa ọhụrụ site na arịa ndị dịbu adị. Nke a na-eme site na ntolite nke capillaries ọhụrụ site na post-capillary venules, na-achọ nhazi ziri ezi nke ọtụtụ nzọụkwụ na ntinye aka na nkwurịta okwu nke ọtụtụ ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ. A na-amalite usoro dị mgbagwoju anya na nzaghachi maka ischemia ma ọ bụ hypoxia, na-eduga na ntọhapụ nke ihe angiogenic dị ka VEGF na HIF-1. Nke a na-eduga na vasodilatation na mmụba nke vascular permeability, na-edughachi angiogenesis ma ọ bụ angiogenesis intussusceptive.

## Ọrịa akwara
Nke a bụ usoro ebe obere akwara ọbara na-adịghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma na-etolite n'ime akwara na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma. Nke a na-emekarị na nzaghachi maka ịrị elu nke mkpa dị n'ahụ dịka n'oge mmega ahụ ma ọ bụ mgbe akwara ọbara na-egbochi. Nke a na-enyere aka ijide n'aka na a na-enye anụ ahụ ọbara na oxygen zuru ezu.

Arteriogenesis bụ usoro nke remodeling metụtara flow nke vasculature dị ugbu a iji mepụta akwara ndị na-akwado. Nke a nwere ike ime na nzaghachi maka ọrịa vascular ischemic ma ọ bụ mụbaa ọchịchọ (dịka ọzụzụ mmega ahụ). Arteriogenesis na-akpata site na ihe ndị na-abụghị ihe a kapịrị ọnụ, dị ka nrụgide shear na ọbara na-aga.

## Lymphangiogenesis

Usoro a yiri angiogenesis mana ọ na-agụnye ịmepụta arịa lymphatic nke dị mkpa maka ịdọrọ mmiri karịrị akarị na ịlụso ọrịa ọgụ. Usoro a bụkwa isi ihe maka ọnọdụ ndị dị ka ọzịza na mgbasa nke ọrịa kansa.

## Ojiji na ọgwụ
Na ọrịa kansa, akpụ na-achịkwa usoro vascularisation nke ahụ iji nye onwe ha ọbara, na-enyere ha aka ito ma gbasaa. A na-eji ọgwụgwọ anti-angiogenic eme ihe ugbu a na njikọta ya na ọgwụgwọ ndị ọzọ maka nlekọta kansa.    Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody & VEGF inhibitor ka a kwadoro maka iji ya na ọgwụgwọ kansa.

### Ọrịa anya

#### Ọrịa akwara na-emetụta akwara
Corneal neovascularization bụ ọnọdụ ebe akwara ọbara ọhụrụ na-abanye na cornea site na limbus. A na-akpali ya mgbe nguzozi dị n'etiti ihe ndị na-egbochi angiogenic na ihe ndị na'egbochi angiogen na-emebi nke na-eme ka corneal na-apụta ìhè. Akwara ọbara ọhụrụ ndị na-eto eto nwere ike iduga ọzịza na-adịgide adịgide, mpụga abụba n'ime anụ ahụ corneal, na mbelata nke ngosipụta corneal, nke nwere ike imetụta anya.

#### Retinopathy nke ịmụ nwa n'oge
Retinopathy nke ịmụ nwa n'oge bụ ọnọdụ na-eme na ụmụ amụrụ n'oge. N'ime ụmụ a mụkwuru n'oge, retina emebeghị vascularized kpamkpam. Kama ịga n'ihu n'ụzọ dị mma n'ụdị akpa nwa, vascularization nke retina na-akpaghasị, na-eduga n'ịbawanye ọbara n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma n'etiti mpaghara vascularized na avascular retina. Akwara ọbara ndị a na-eto n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma ma nwee ike ịbanye n'ime vitreous humor, ebe ha nwere ike ịpụ ọbara ma ọ bụ mee ka retinal wepụ na ụmụ ọhụrụ.

#### Ọrịa shuga
Diabetic retinopathy bụ ọrịa anya na ndị na-arịa ọrịa shuga nke na-eme ka akwara ọbara retinal ghara ịdị ike. Ọganihu mbụ na-adịghị amụba bụ nke arịa ndị na-agbapụta agbapụta. Ka a na-edozi mmebi nke arịa ahụ ka oge na-aga, ha na-emesị mechie, na-eduga na retinopathy shuga na-amụba. Capillaries ndị a na-ekpuchi na-emepụta mpaghara nke ischemic retina ma na-akpata ntọhapụ nke ihe ndị na-eto eto angiogenic. Ihe ndị a na-eto eto na-akpali mmụba nke akwara ọbara ọhụrụ site na retinal venules dịbu adị. Ọ bụ isi ihe na-akpata ìsì nke ndị okenye nọ n'afọ ịrụ ọrụ.

#### Mgbasawanye macular metụtara afọ ndụ
N'ime ndị karịrị afọ iri isii na ise, nkwarụ macular metụtara afọ bụ isi ihe na-akpata nnukwu nsogbu ịhụ ụzọ. Otu ụdị nke macular degeneration metụtara afọ, mmiri macular degenersation, bụ nke a na-akọwa site na mmepụta nke akwara ọbara ọhụrụ nke sitere na choroidal vasculature ma gbasaa n'ime oghere subretinal.

#### Choroidal neovascularization
Na ophthalmology, choroid_neovascularization" id="mwzw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Choroidal neovascularization">choroidal neovascularization bụ mmepụta nke microvasculature n'ime ime nke choroid nke anya. Neovascularization n'anya nwere ike ịkpata ụdị glaucoma (neovascularizations glaucoma) ma ọ bụrụ na nnukwu akwara ọbara ọhụrụ ahụ na-egbochi mmiri na-esi n'ime anya apụta.

### Ọrịa obi
Ọrịa obi bụ isi ihe na-akpata ọnwụ n'ụwa. Ọrịa obi ischemic na-amalite mgbe stenosis na occlusion nke akwara obi na-etolite, na-eduga na mbelata perfusion nke anụ ahụ obi. Induction nke neovascularization nke ischemic obi anụ ahụ ya mere nwere ike ọgwụgwọ.

* Na atherosclerosis, akwara ọbara ọhụrụ na-apụta n'ime plaques, na-enye aka na uto na ọgba aghara ha. Arịa ndị a na-adịkarị ike, na-enye ohere ka mkpụrụ ndụ na abụba na-afụ ụfụ banye, nke nwere ike ịkpata ọbara ọgbụgba n'ime plaque ma mee ka ihe ize ndụ nke ịgbaji. Nnyocha ụfọdụ na ụdị anụmanụ na-atụ aro na igbochi uto nke arịa a nwere ike belata ọganihu atherosclerotic.
* Na Myocardial infarction, mgbochi ọbara na-eme ka anụ ahụ obi ghara inwe ikuku oxygen, na-eduga na mmebi mkpụrụ ndụ. Neovascularization na mpaghara gbara ya gburugburu nwere ike inye aka weghachite ikuku oxygen ma belata mmerụ ahụ ọzọ. Ihe ndị na-eto eto dị ka isi fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) na brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) nwere ike ịkwalite angiogenesis mgbe MI siri ike gasịrị.
* Mgbe ọrịa strok gasịrị, ischemic penumbra (ógbè gbara isi nkụchi obi gburugburu) nwere ike ịkpaghasị Ọbara ụbụrụ. Post-stroke angiogenesis na mpaghara ahụ na-enyere aka iweghachi perfusion ma na-akwado mgbake nke akwara. Tụkwasị na nke a, arteriogenesis na-enye aka n'ịgbanwe ọbara na-agafe mgbe ọrịa strok gasịrị. Mkpụrụ ndụ na cytokines dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ n'ịchịkwa angiogenesis mgbe mmerụ ahụ ischemic gasịrị.

### Ọgwụgwọ ọnyá
Vascularization dị oke mkpa maka ọgwụgwọ ọnyá, ebe ọ na-enye oxygen na ihe oriri dị mkpa maka idozi anụ ahụ. Angiogenesis na-eme ka ọbara dịkwuo arọ gburugburu ọnyá ahụ, na-enyere usoro ọgwụgwọ aka.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) bụ isi ihe na-akwado angiogenic na usoro a, na-akpali ma vasculogenesis na angiogenesis na akpụkpọ ahụ. Nsogbu angiogenesis nwere ike ime ka ọ ghara ịgwọ ọrịa, dịka a na-ahụ ya n'ọnọdụ ndị dị ka Ọrịa shuga, ebe ọnyá na-adịghị ala na-egosipụtakarị mbelata nke VEGF na-arụ ọrụ. A na-enyocha nkwalite ọgwụgwọ nke angiogenesis iji mee ka ọgwụgwọ dị ngwa, ọkachasị na ọnyá na-adịgide adịgide.

## Hụkwa

* Choroidal neovascularization
* Ọrịa akwara na-emetụta akwara
* Revascularization
* Rubeosis iridis
* Inosculation
* Mgbanwe nke akwara n'ime nwa e bu n'afọ
* Ịṅomi vasculogenic

## Edemsibia

Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations