open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Meir Shamgar

**Meir Shamgar (Hibru: מאיר שמגר; Ọgọst 13, 1925 - Ọktoba 18, 2019) bụ onye isi ọka ikpe nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Israel site na 1983 ruo 1995.**

## Akụkọ ndụ
thumb|250x250px|Shamgar mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asatọ
thumb|270x270px|Shamgar nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ na Eritrea, 1946
Meir Shamgar (Sterenberg ma ọ bụ Sternberg) a mụrụ na Free City nke Danzig (Gdańsk ugbu a, Poland) nye Eliezer na Dina Sterenberg.[1] [2]  Nne na nna ya bụ ndị Zionist Revisionist.  Ọ kwagara Palestine na 1939.[2]  Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Balfour Gymnasium na Tel Aviv.

Ọ sonyeere Palmach wee rụọ ọrụ na Company D. Mgbe ahụ ọ sonyeere Irgun. E jidere ya na 1944 maka ọrụ ndị na-emegide ndị Britain, ma tinye ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ n'Africa n'ogige ndị mkpọrọ dị na Eritrea. Mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ na Eritrea, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ iwu site na akwụkwọ ozi na Mahadum nke London.    Ndị mkpọrọ ibe ya na Eritrea gụnyere Yitzhak Shamir na Shmuel Tamir.  O sonyere na mgbalị ịgbapụ.

N'afọ 1948, mgbe e guzobere Israel, e weghachiri ya na ndị ọzọ e jidere n'Izrel, ebe ọ debanyere aha na Ndị agha Israel ma sonye na 1948 Arab-Israel War. 

Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, ọ gụrụ akụkọ ihe mere eme na nkà ihe ọmụma na Mahadum Hibru nke Jerusalem na iwu na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Iwu Ọchịchị nke Mahadum  London . 

Shamgar nwụrụ na 18 Ọktoba 2019 mgbe ọ dị afọ 94.

## Ọrụ iwu
Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Shamgar laghachiri n'usuu ndị agha dị ka onye Ọkaiwu ndị agha. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ osote onye ọka iwu ndị agha n'afọ 1956, na onye ọka iwu agha n'ọnwa 1961. Mgbe Agha Ụbọchị Isii gasịrị, o mepụtara akụrụngwa iwu nke gọọmentị ndị agha Israel na West Bank na Gaza Strip. O ruru ọkwa Brigadier General .  Mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká n'ọrụ agha, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Attorney General site na 1968 ruo 1975.  N'afọ 1975, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye ọka ikpe nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Israel. N'afọ 1982, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ osote onye isi oche nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu, n'afọ 1983, ọ ghọrọ onye isi ikpe nke Ụlọikpe kachasị elu.  Ọ lara ezumike nká na 1995.

N'afọ 1996, Shamgar bụ onye isi oche Commission nke nyocha banyere igbu ọchụ nke Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin.

## Ndụ onwe onye
Shamgar na nwunye ya Geula mụrụ ụmụ atọ, onye nwụrụ na 1983.  Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, ọ lụrụ Michal Rubinstein, onye ọka ikpe lara ezumike nká nke jere ozi dị ka osote onye isi oche nke Ụlọikpe Mpaghara Tel Aviv.

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta nke ndị natara Israel Prize

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Na Ikpe Ziri Ezi maka Onye Ọ bụla, Olu nke Ezi Ezi
* Uri Weiss, Na-echeta Meir Shamgar, onye isi iwu nke ịkpa ókè agbụrụ nke Israel
Daniela Calvetti

**Daniela Calvetti** bụ onye Italian-American etinyere mgbakọ na mwepụ, onye ọrụ ya metụtara mgbakọ na mwepụ sayensị, ma jikọta ọnụ ọgụgụ Bayesian na nyocha ọnụọgụ.

## Agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ
Calvetti nwetara laurea na mgbakọ na mwepụ na Mahadum nke Bologna n'afọ 1980. Ọ gara Mahadum nke North Carolina na Chapel Hill maka agụmakwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na mgbakọ na mwepụ, wee nweta nzere masta n'ebe ahụ n'afọ 1985 wee mee Ph.D. ya n'afọ 1989.  Akwụkwọ edemede ya, A Stochastic Round Off Error Analysis for the Fast Fourier Transform, bụ nke John Tolle lekọtara.

Mgbe ọ natasịrị ọkwa ngalaba na Mahadum North Carolina State, Mahadum Colorado State-Pueblo, na Stevens Institute of Technology, ọ kwagara na Mahadum Case Western Reserve n'afọ 1997. E nyere ya James Wood Williamson Prọfesọ n'afọ 2013. 

A họpụtara Calvetti na klas nke afọ 2023 nke SIAM Fellows. 

## Akwụkwọ
Erkki Somersalo na Calvetti dere akwụkwọ atọ, Introduction to Bayesian Scientific Computing: Ten Lectures on Subjective Computing (Springer, 2007), Computational Mathematical Modeling: An Integrated Approach Across Scales (SIAM, 2013) na Mathematics of Data Science: A Computational Approach to Clustering and Classification (
Reviews of *Computational Mathematical Modeling*:
*
*
*
## Ebemsidee

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe obibi
* Daniela Calvetti mbipụta ndị edepụtara site na Onye Ọkà mmụta Google

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Debra Carney

**Debra Susan Carney** bụ Onye nkuzi mgbakọ na mwepụ nke America, na Mahadum Distinguished Teaching Professor of mathematics, na Colorado School of Mines. Ọrụ ya ilekwasị anya na-ịkụziri ndị nkuzi mgbakọ na mwepụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndirị n'ọdịnihu.  

## Agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ
Carney gụrụ akwụkwọ na mgbakọ na mwepụ na Mahadum Vermont, Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'afọ 1991.  Ọ gụsịrị Ph.D. na mgbakọ na mwepụ n'afọ 1998 na Mahadum Maryland, College Park .  Michael C. Laskowski hụrụ banyere akwụkwọ edemede ya bu Linear Structures with Few Substructures.

Mgbe ha abụọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ doctorate na mgbakọ na mwepụ na Mahadum Maryland, ya na di ya bu Nic Ormes ghọrọ ndị otu ngalaba na Mahadum Denver, ebe di ya ka na-akụzi. N'afọ 2012, mgbe ọ gasịrị afọ itoolu na mahadum, Carney kwagara n'ọkwa ya ugbu a na Colorado School of Mines .  A kpọrọ ya Mahadum Distinguished Teaching Professor maka afọ 2023-2024.

## Nkwado
N'afọ 2022, a kpọrọ Carney Fellow nke Association for Women in Mathematics, "maka nkwado pụrụ iche ọ na-enye ụmụ nwanyị na sayensị mgbakọ na mwepụ site na nduzi onwe onye na edu ndú nke isi obodo ya nke AWM; yana maka ọrụ mgbasa ozi obodo nke nwere mmetụta na-adịgide adịgide na nke ọma na ndụ ụmụ nwanyị site na ụmụ akwụkwọ sekọndirị ruo ndị otu ngalaba".

## Edemsibịa

## Njikọ mpụga

* Debra Carney mbipụta ndị edepụtara site na Onye Ọkà mmụta Google

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Dianne Edwards

**Prọfesọ Dianne Edwards** CBE, FRS, FRSE, FLS, FLSW (amụrụ n'afọ 1942 ) bụ palaeobotanist, onye na-amụ banyere ịchịkọta ala site na osisi, yana mmekọrịta osisi nke ala mbụ.

## Oge ọ malitere
A mụrụ Edwards na Swansea, South Wales, ma nọrọ ọtụtụ oge ya na bungalow nne na nna ya na Gower Peninsula.

## Ọrụ
Ọrụ Edwards lekwasịrị anya na fossils mbụ nke osisi, nke a chọtara ọtụtụ n'ime ha na UK. Mmasị ya na ihe ọkụkụ ndị mbụ malitere mgbe ọ mụchara ihe ọkụkụ nke echekwara na akụkụ atọ na mineral pyrite (ọlaedo ndị nzuzu).

Mmasị ya na ihe ọkụkụ ndị mbụ malitere mgbe ọ mụchara ihe ọkụkụ nke echekwara na akụkụ atọ na mineral pyrite (ọlaedo ndị nzuzu)

Edwards bụ Prọfesọ Nnyocha A Ma Ama, na onye bụbu Onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ n'ime School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, na Mahadum Cardiff . 

Ọ bụkwa Fellow nke Royal Society, Fellow nke Royal Society nke Edinburgh, onye na-asọpụrụ na Mahadum Wales, Swansea, onye nnọchi anya nke Botanical Society of America, ma nwee njikọ na China, na-enye ndụmọdụ maka Beijing Museum of Natural History, ma na-arụ ọrụ na fossils sitere na mba ahụ. 

## Ihe ndị a chọpụtara
 
N'etiti ọrụ Edwards kachasị ama, bụ nchọpụta nke anụ ahụ vascular na *Cooksonia*,  nkọwa na nyocha nke stomata na osisi ala mbụ,  na osisi ndị yiri liverwort.  Ọdịdị nke ọtụtụ n'ime ọkpụkpụ ya enyerela ya aka igosi na ọkụ ọhịa mere n'oge Siluruan. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ n'ọtụtụ fossils dị omimi dịka *Nematothallus*,  *Tortilicaulis*  na *Prototaxites*.

Ọ bụ onye edemede ma ọ bụ onye edemedo nke ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke aha osisi nke fossil, dị ka *Danziella* D.Edwards (2006)   na *Demersatheca* C.-S.  Li & D.Edwards (1996) .

## Ihe ndị e ji mara ya

* A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Onye otu Royal Society na 1996.
* Onye isi oche nke Palaeontological Association, 1996-1998.
* E nyere ya CBE maka Ọrụ na Botany na 1999. 
* Onye nlekọta nke Natural History Museum, London.
* 2004 onye mmeri nke Lyell Medal. 
* Onye guzobere Fellow nke Learned Society of Wales  na July 2010 a họpụtara ya dị ka osote onye isi oche ya maka sayensị, teknụzụ na ọgwụ.
* Onye isi oche nke Linnean Society nke London, 2012-2015.
* PhD *honoris causa* na Faculty of Science and Technology na Mahadum Uppsala, Sweden, kemgbe afọ 2014.

## Edemsibia

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Doris Löve

**Doris Benta Maria Löve,** née Wahlén (amụrụ 2 Jenụwarị 1918 na Kristianstad - nwụrụ anwụ 25 February 2000 na San Jose, California) bụ onye na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ nke Sweden, ọkachasị na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Arctic..

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Doris Löve na Kristianstad, Sweden. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na mahadum Lund na 1937. Ọ lụrụ nwa akwụkwọ ibe ya na onye ọrụ ibe ya, Icelander Áskell Löve. Ọ nwetara PhD na botany na 1944. O lekwasịrị anya doctorate na mmekọahụ nke Melandrium. Mgbe ha gụsịrị akwụkwọ, di na nwunye ahụ kwagara Iceland. Ha kwagara Winnipeg na 1951, kwaga Montreal na 1955, na Boulder na 1965. Na mahadum ebe Áskell Löve kụziri ihe, Doris Löve apụghị ịbụ onye nkụzi n’otu oge na di ya. Ha mechara kwaga San Jose, California na 1974.Kaersvang, Lóa Löve; Weber, W.A.; Ives, J. D. (2000). . *Arctic and Alpine Research*. **32** (3): 360–363. doi:. JSTOR&nbsp;1552536. S2CID&nbsp;218525313.

N'otu, Áskell na Doris Löve mere ọtụtụ nyocha banyere ọnụọgụ chromosome nke osisi na ojiji ha na usoro osisi. Ha bipụtara ọtụtụ akụkọ na mpaghara a, a na-ewerekwa ha dị ka ndị guzobere cytotaxonomy.Kaersvang, Lóa Löve; Weber, W.A.; Ives, J. D. (2000). . *Arctic and Alpine Research*. **32** (3): 360–363. doi:. JSTOR&nbsp;1552536. S2CID&nbsp;218525313.

N'afọ 1962, ọ bụ onye nhazi nke nzukọ sayensị nwere mmetụta na *North Atlantic Biota na akụkọ ihe mere eme ha* na onyinye sitere n'aka Eric Hultén, Tyge W. Böcher, Hugo Sjörs, John Axel Nannfeldt, Knut Fægri, Bruce C. Heezen na Marie Tharp.

N'afọ 1974, a manyere di ya Áskell Löve, onye bụ prọfesọ zuru oke na onye isi oche nke ngalaba ihe ndị dị ndụ nke Mahadum Colorado Boulder, ịgba arụkwaghịm. N'afọ 1997, o dere akụkọ ezinụlọ ya, akụkọ ndụ dị peeji 86 nke na-enye nkọwa zuru ezu banyere ịgba arụkwaghịm di ya. E debere ihe ncheta a na Hunt Botanical Library na Pittsburgh na 1997 ma kwesiri ka a ghara ịhapụ ya ruo 2018.

## Ọrụ ndị ọzọ

* Onye otu Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (IAAR) Kaersvang, Lóa Löve; Weber, W.A.; Ives, J. D. (2000). . *Arctic and Alpine Research*. **32** (3): 360–363. doi:. JSTOR&nbsp;1552536. S2CID&nbsp;218525313.
* Onye na-ahụ maka ihe ngosi nke Mahadum Colorado Museum Herbarium (COLO)

## Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ
 

### Akwụkwọ gbasara ihe ọkụkụ

* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

### Usoro nzukọ

* Nzukọ a lekwasịrị anya na mmetụta biogeographical nke continental drift.

Ọrụ nkewa ya mere ka nwunye Kenneth Hare bụ Jocelyn jikọta ọnụ ụlọ ahịhịa sitere na Ugwu Kaumajet.

### Nsụgharị

* *Nnyocha botanical nke Penny Highlands nke Baffin Island, Nsonaazụ nke njem Baffin nke abụọ site na Arctic Institute of North America (1953) n'okpuru nduzi nke Col. P.D. Baird* 
* Nikolai Vavilov, *Mmalite na ọdịdị ala nke osisi ndị a kụrụ akụ, Archives of Natural History*, Jenụwarị 1994 

## Ihe edeturu n'okpuru ala
Dorothy Adlington Cadbury

**Dorothy Adlington Cadbury** (14 Ọktoba 1892 – 21 Ọgọst 1987) bụ onye bekee na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ na onye isi ụlọ ọrụ na-esi ísì ụtọ Cadbury's. Ọ bụ ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ọdọ mmiri, na-anakọta ọtụtụ ihe atụ Potamogeton maka ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Britain, ma bụrụ onye ndu ode akwụkwọ nke isi ahịhịa nke Warwickshire na narị afọ nke 20.

## Ndụ
A mụrụ ya na Birmingham na 1892, ọ bụ nwa mbụ nke Dame Geraldine Cadbury (1864-1941) na Barrow Cadbury (1862-1958).  A zụlitere ya dị ka onye Quaker,  ma nọgide na-abụ onye otu na-etinye aka na ndụ ya niile. 

Cadbury rụrụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ Cadbury ruo otu afọ, wee rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye nduzi nke ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ihe oriri Cadbury.  O tinyere aka na International Industrial Relations Institute, na-eje ozi dị ka onye na-echekwa ego ruo mgbe ọ gbara arụkwaghịm na ogbako nke abụọ ha na 1928.. Ọ bụkwa onye isi oche nke Bournville Women's Works Council . 

Mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na Cadbury's, o tinyere oge ya na botany wee ghọọ ọkachamara na ahịhịa. Cadbury nọgidere na-anakọta okooko osisi ọhịa mgbe ọ bụ nwatakịrị, ya na nne ya na-anakọtara ihe dị ka 1000, ma n'oge ndụ ya niile ọ na-enwe obi ụtọ 'ịse ihe osise na' akwụkwọ ya nke Bentham & Hooker 's Flora of the British Isles. Ọ sonyeere Wild Flower Society na 1929.  Ọ ghọrọ onye otu Botanical Society of the British Isles na 1936. N'afọ 1950, Cadbury sonyeere Birmingham Natural History Society (BNHS),  ma n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, o mere ndepụta zuru ezu nke osisi ndị na-agbasa okooko osisi na Edgbaston Park.  Ọ bụ onye isi dere A Computer Mapped Flora, nke e bipụtara na 1971, isi osisi nke Warwickshire na narị afọ nke 20.  Cadbury chịkọtara 400 potamogeton samples site na gburugburu Britain maka The British Museum. 

Aha Dorothy Cadbury na-apụta n'akụkụ tubs nke Cadbury Roses, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-ekwu na a gụrụ ha aha okooko osisi kachasị amasị ya, roses, nke toro n'ogige nke ụlọ ọrụ mbụ na Bournville.

Dorothy Cadbury nwụrụ na 1987, mgbe ọ dị afọ 94.  A na-akpọ ngwakọta a na-adịghị ahụkebe *Potamogeton x. cadburyae* aha ya. A na-enwe ihe osise Cadbury nke Elliot na Fry sere na National Portrait Gallery na London. 

## Edemsibia
Amandine Aftalion

**Amandine Aftalion** (amụrụ n'afọ 1973)  bụ onye France na-eme mgbakọ na mwepụ, nke a maara maka nyocha ya na Bose-Einstein condensates na mgbakọ na mwepụta nke foototracing. Ọ bụ National Center for Scientific Research">onye nduzi nyocha na Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS).

## Agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ
Aftalion gụrụ akwụkwọ na École normale supérieure (Paris) site na 1992 ruo 1996, na-enweta agrégation ya na mgbakọ na mwepụ na 1994 na Master of Advanced Studies na nyocha ọnụọgụ na 1995.  Ọ gbachitere akwụkwọ edemede doctoral ya, Quelques problèmes d'équations aux dérivées partielles elliptiques non-linear et applications à des modèles en supraconductivité et en combustion, na 1997 na Mahadum Pierre na Marie Curie, n'okpuru nduzi nke Henri Berestycki. N'afọ 2002, ọ nwetara ikike na thesis Equations aux dérivées partielles elliptiques non-linear: propriétés qualitatives et modèles en physique des basses températures.

Ọ bụ onye na-eme nchọpụta na CNRS kemgbe 1999, a kwalitekwara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye nduzi nke nyocha na 2008. Ebe ọ bụ na 2010 ọnọdụ ya na CNRS jikọtara ya na Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University. 

## Onyinye
Aftalion bụ onye dere akwụkwọ Vortices in Bose–Einstein Condensates (Birkhäuser, 2006). Akwụkwọ a na-amụ quantum vortex na superfluid omume na Bose-Einstein condensates, na-eji Gross-Pitaevskii equation iji gosipụta ike dị na sistemụ ndị a.

Na nyocha ya na mgbakọ na mwepụ nke egwuregwu, Aftalion na-eji usoro dị iche iche iji gosipụta ma mmegharị na ike na onye na-agba ọsọ, yana ahụike aerobic na anaerobic nke onye na- ịgba ọsọ ka agbụrụ na-aga n'ihu. O jirila echiche nke njikwa kachasị mma iji gosipụta na ndị na-agba ọsọ ogologo oge nwere ike inweta ntachi obi ka ukwuu site na obere ọdịiche na ọsọ, na-emegide nyocha mbụ nke Joseph Keller na-atụ aro na ndị na'agba ọsọ kwesịrị ịnọgide na-agba naanị ọsọ n'oge niile. N'ịrụ ọrụ na-esote, o gosipụtara na, ọ bụ ezie na ndị na-agba ọsọ ogologo oge kwesịrị ịgba ọsọ na njedebe ikpeazụ nke agbụrụ, usoro kachasị mma maka ịgba ọsọ ụkwụ dị mkpirikpi gụnyere iji nwayọọ nwayọọ na njedebe nke agbụrụ ahụ.

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Doris Cohen

**Doris Cohen** bụ onye ọka mmụta mgbakọ na mwepụ nke Amerika na narị afọ nke iri abụọ na onye na-ahụ maka ikuku. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory nke National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA, onye bu NASA ụzọ). N'afọ 1941, akụkọ nyocha o bipụtara mere ka ọ bụrụ nwanyị edemede mbụ nke NACA.

Ọ lụrụ, ma soro ya bu, aerodynamicist R. T. Jones. Ya na ya guzobere Vega Instrument Co., ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta onyokomita, n'afọ 1957. 

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ

# Nnyocha nke nkwụsi ike nke ụgbọelu na Free Controls na Robert T. Jones (1941) 
# A Graphical Method of Determining Pressure Distribution in Two-dimensional Flow na Robert T. Jones (1941) 
# *Nkọwa nke Ibu n'elu nku na-ehicha* n'azụ (1942) 
# *Ụzọ iji chọpụta camber na twist nke elu iji kwado nkesa e nyere nke lift* (1942) 
# *Nkọwapụta nke ụdị atụmatụ kachasị mma maka ebe nchịkwa* na Robert T. Jones (1942) 
# Nnyocha Theoretical nke Rolling Oscillations nke ụgbọelu na Ailerons Free (1944) 
# *Nnyocha nyocha nke nkwụsi ike nke F8F Dropping Model na nkwụsi elu na-akpaghị aka* (1945) 
# Ụzọ iji chọpụta camber na twist nke elu iji kwado nkesa e nyere nke lift, yana itinye n'ọrụ na ibu n'elu nku azụ (1945) 
# The Theoretical Lift of Flat Swept-back Wings at Supersonic Speeds (1948) 
# *Theoretical Loading at Supersonic Speeds of Flat Swept-back Wings with Interacting Trailing and Leading Edges* (1949) 
# *Usoro na chaatị maka Supersonic Lift na Drag nke Flat Swept-back Wings na Interacting Leading na Trailing Edges* (1950) 
# Usoro maka Loading Supersonic, Lift, na Drag nke Flat Swept-Back Wings na Leading Edges Behind the Mach Line (1951) 
# Nnyocha echiche nke Supersonic Lift na Drag of Thin, Sweptback Wings na Increased Sweep nso Root na Morris D. Friedman (1953) 
# *Nhazi nke Fusiform Bodies iji belata Wave Drag na Supersonic Speeds* na Morris D Friedman (1954) 

## Edemsibịa

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ndepụta maka ọrụ Cohen na NASA
Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Dorit Aharonov

**Dorit Aharonov** (Hibru: דורית אהרונוב; amụrụ n'afọ 1970) bụ onye sayensị kọmputa nke Israel bụ ọkachamara na quantum computing.

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Aharonov na Washington, D.C. wee tolite na Haifa, ada nke onye mgbakọ na mwepụ Dov Aharonov na nwa nwanne nke physics Yakir Aharonov.

Aharonov gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Weizmann Institute of Science na MSc na physics. Ọ natara nzere doctorate ya maka Sayensị Kọmputa na 1999 site na Mahadum Hibru nke Jerusalem, akwụkwọ edemede ya bụ Noisy Quantum Computation .  O mekwara post-doctorate ya na ngalaba mgbakọ na mwepụ nke Mahadum Princeton na ngalaba sayensị kọmputa nke Mahadim California Berkeley .  Ọ bụ onye nkuzi nleta na Institute for Advanced Study na 1998-99 . 

Aharonov enwetala ọtụtụ onyinye maka ọrụ nyocha ya. N'afọ 2005, magazin Nature họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime "ndị na-eto eto na-eto eto kachasị ama n'ọhịa ha", n'afọ sochirinụ, e nyere ya ihe nrite Creel maka ọkachamma na nyocha sayensị.

Aharonov bụ onye ọkà okwu a kpọrọ òkù na International Congress of Mathematicians 2010, Hyderabad na isiokwu nke "Akụkụ mgbakọ na mwepụ nke Sayensị Kọmputa".

A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye otu National Academy of Sciences na 2024.

## Nnyocha
Nnyocha Aharonov na-elekwasị anya na usoro ozi quantum, nke gụnyere:

* algọridim dị iche iche
* quantum cryptography na mgbagwoju anya nke mgbakọ na mwepụ
* mgbazi njehie nke ọnụọgụ na nnagide njehie
* njikọ dị n'etiti quantum computation na quantum Markov chains na lattices
* quantum Hamiltonian mgbagwoju anya na njikọ ya na physics nke ihe mkpirikpi
* mgbanwe site na quantum gaa na physics oge ochie
* nghọta mgbagwoju anya site n'ịmụ ihe mgbagwoju ike

## Nsọpụrụ na onyinye

* 2006 - Krill Prize for Excellence in Scientific Research
* 2014 - Michael Bruno Memorial Award  
* 2024 - ahọpụtara onye otu National Academy of Sciences

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga
 

* Ebe obibi Aharonov na Mahadum Hibru nke Jerusalem
* Nkọwa n'Oké Ọdịdị''Okike''
* Dorit Aharonov na mkparịta ụka panel, "Harnessing Quantum Physics" na Michele Mosca, Avi Wigderson, Daniel Gottesman, Peter Shor, na Ignacio Cirac.

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Dorothy Popenoe

**Dorothy Popenoe**(19 June 1899 – 30 Disemba 1932; amuru Dorothy Kate Hughes) bu onye okachamara ihe mgbe ochie, onye na-ese ihe n’okike, na onye na-ese ihe sayensi.

Popenoe gara ụlọ akwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị Welsh na Ashford ruo mmalite nke Agha Ụwa Mbụ mgbe ọ sonyeere ndị agha ala ụmụ nwanyị. Na 1918, ọ malitere ọrụ na Kew Garden dị na London, England dị ka onye inyeaka Dr. Otto Knapf. N'oge a, ọ gụkwara akwụkwọ gbasara ihe ọkụkụ na Mahadum London, wee bụrụ ọkachamara na ahịhịa. Na July 1923, ọ nakweere òkù sitere n'aka Agnes Chase isonye na ndị ọrụ nke United States National Herbarium na Office of Foreign Plant Okwu Mmalite. O mere ọtụtụ ọmụmụ gbasara achara akọpụtara. Site n'ọrụ ya na Washington, D.C., ọ zutere onye nyocha ọrụ ugbo na ọkachamara mkpụrụ osisi okpomọkụ, Wilson Popenoe. Ha lụrụ na November 17, 1923. 

N'afọ 1925, di ya nabatara ọkwa na United Fruit Company dị ka onye nduzi nke nnwale ugbo wee kwaga ezinụlọ ahụ na Tela na Atlantic Coast nke Honduras.

Mgbe ọ nọ na Honduras, Popenoe zụlitere mmasị na nkà mmụta ihe ochie ma rụọ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ebe nchọpụta ihe ochie nke Honduras, gụnyere ebe e wusiri ike nke Maya nke Tenampa na 1927 na Cerro Palenque. N'agbata afọ 1928 na afọ 1932, ọ gwupụtara n'ebe ili ozu pre-Columbian na Playa de los Muertos.

Otú ọ dị, ọ pụghị ịrụcha ọrụ ya n'ihi na, na Disemba 1932, ọ riri mkpụrụ osisi akee na-esighị ike, nke a na-esiri esi, nke a kwenyere na ọ butere ya nsí, n'ihi ya, ọ nwụrụ.

E bipụtara nsonaazụ nke nchọpụta ya na Playas de los Muertos mgbe ọ nwụsịrị na 1934.  Onye na-amụ banyere ihe ochie Doris Stone gụnyere nyocha ya banyere ihe ndị Popenoe gwupụtara n'ọrụ ya nke 1941 "Archaeology of the North Coast of Honduras".

## Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ

* *Mkpọmkpọ ebe nke Tenampua, Honduras* 1936

## Edemsibia
**Akwụkwọ**
Ndị Naijiria Canada

**Ndị Naijiria bụ ụmụ amaala [[Kánada|Canada]]** Ha bụ ụmụ amaala ma ọ bụ ndị bi na Kenedịan, ndị nwere mgbọrọgwụ Naịjirịa, ma ọ bụrụ nke zuru ezu ma ọ bụ nke ụfọdụ. A na-atụ anya na ihe dị ka mmadụ 51,800 sitere na Naịjirịa na ụmụ ha bi na Kenedịan, dịka nchịkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na obodo si na afọ 2016 si kwuo. Ụfọdụ kasị ukwuu n’ime ha bi na prọvịnsi Ontario, karịsịa na mpaghara Greater Toronto.

## Akụkọ njem mmadụ
Ndị Naịjirịa malitere ịga mba ọzọ ruo Kenedịan n’oge Agha Obodo Naijiria nke 1967-1970.  A naghị ewepụta ndị Naịjirịa iche na ndekọ ụmụ mba mbata ruo afọ 1973. Site n’afọ 1973 ruo 1991, mmadụ 3,919 si Naịjirịa bịara Kenedịan dị ka ụmụ amaala mbata. N’etiti afọ 1981 na 2001, ihe dị ka pasentị 70 nke ndị si Afrịka mụrụ bịara Kenedịan, ebe nnukwu akụkụ n’ime ha bụ ndị Naịjirịa.

Mkpebi ịga mba ọzọ na-apụta n’ihi ngwakọta nke nsogbu ndị dị na Naịjirịa na ohere ndị dị na Canada. Na Naịjirịa, nsogbu ọchịchị na mmekpa iwu nke agbasaala emeela ka ụlọ ọrụ ọha daa ogbenye, mee ka ndị si mba ọzọ ghara ịchọ ịlaghachi, ma tinye aka na ndagide enweghị ntụkwasị obi na ọnọdụ akụ na ụba. Ọnụọgụ ndị na-enweghị ọrụ na ndị na-enweghị ọrụ zuru oke dị elu, usoro ọrụ ọha na-adịghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma, na enweghị nchebe nke gbasara nnukwu nsogbu—gụnyere ọgụ ndị na-eji ngwa agha na esemokwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị—na-eme ka ndị nwere nka chọọ ụzọ ọzọ ịga mba ọzọ.

Di ka nchịkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na Canada nke afọ 2016 si kwuo, mmadụ 51,800 kọwara onwe ha dị ka ndị Naịjirịa, nke ihe dịka ọkara n’ime ha bi na Ontario,  karịsịa na Mpaghara Toronto Ukwu.  E nwekwara ọtụtụ ndị Naịjirịa ọzọ bi na Kenedịan, ndị kọwara onwe ha site n’ọmụmụ ha kama site na mba ha, dịka mmadụ 25,210 bụ Ndị Yoruba, 9,315 bụ Ndị Igbo, na 17,275 bụ ndị si n’òtù ndị nta ọzọ Enwekwara mmụba na-aga n'ihu n'ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Naijiria bi n'obodo ndị dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Canada, dị ka Calgary, Edmonton, na Winnipeg.

## Ahụ́ ike uche
Nnyocha e mere na Ọktoba afọ 2022 chọpụtara na karịa ọkara n’ime ndị Naịjirịa zara ajụjụ, gosiri ihe na-egosi ịnwe ịda mba nke bụ ọnụọgụ dị elu karịa nke ndị mmalite ọzọ bi na mba ọzọ ma ọ bụ ndị Naịjirịa bi n’ala ha. Ihe ndị na-ebute ihe ize ndụ gụnyere ịbụ nwanyị, ịnọghị n’alụmdi na nwunye, inwe ego ole na ole, ma ọ bụ ịnọ na Kenedịan karịa otu afọ iri. Nchọpụta ndị a na-egosi na " mmetụta ndị mbata nwere ahụ ike " amalitela ịdaba, ebe ndị mbata na-abịakarị n’ime obodo ọhụrụ na ahụ ike ka mma, mana nke na-adịwanye njọ ka oge na-aga n’ihi nrụgide ndọrọndọrọ omenala na itinyekarị ha n’akụkụ ndụ obodo.

## Lee kwa
 

* Ndị Black Canada
* Ndị Naijiria Australia
* Ndị Naijiria nke Britain
* Ndị Naijiria America
* Ndị Naijiria nọ n'Ịtali
* Ndị Naijiria na Netherlands
* Ndị Naijiria nọ na Ireland
* Ndị Naijiria na Switzerland

## Ntụaka

## Mmalite ozi
Effie A. Southworth

**Effie Almira Southworth Spalding**(1860–1947), bụ onye American botanist na mycologist, na nwanyị mbụ onye na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ nke Ngalaba Ugbo United States (USDA) goro.  Ihe nchoputa ya kachasi mkpa na 1887 bu nghota ero ero Colletotrichum gossypii dika ihe butere oria owu, oria nke gburu otutu puku acres nke owu ma buru nnukwu ihe iyi egwu aku na uba. Ọ kụziiri botany n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ, soro di ya rụọ ọrụ na Desert Botanical Laboratory, ma guzobe ngalaba Herbarium Botany na Mahadum Southern California.

## Ndụ
A mụrụ Effie Southworth na North Collins, New York, na October 29, 1860, nne na nna Chloe na Nathaniel Southworth. Southworth gụrụ akwụkwọ nke ọma ma n'ime afọ kọleji ya ọ gụrụ asụsụ mba ọzọ, mgbakọ na mwepụ, zoology, chemistry, astronomy, physics, geology, botany, na physiology. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Allegheny College ruo otu afọ tupu ọ gaa Mahadum Michigan, ebe ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ na 1885. N'afọ 1895, ọ lụrụ onye ọkà mmụta ihe ọkụkụ Volney Morgan Spalding, prọfesọ na Mahadum Michigan. Mgbe a chọpụtara na di ya na-arịa ụkwara nta, ha si Arizona kwaga California ebe ọ nwụrụ na 1918. N'afọ 1922, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri isii na ise, ọ natara nzere masta ya na botany na Mahadum nke Southern California . Southworth nwụrụ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 1947, na Los Angeles mgbe ọ dị afọ 87.

## Ọrụ
In 1885, Southworth became an instructor of botany at Bryn Mawr College. During her two years at the college, she also joined the botanical laboratory as a Fellow, worked on the anatomical structure of plants, and was able to understand the development of the fungus *Asteroma*. In 1887, she became known as the first female researcher to be hired by the Section of Mycology of the USDA. There, she worked as an assistant mycologist with Erwin F. Smith and Beverly T. Galloway and became involved in the study of fungal pathogens. As an assistant mycologist, she was responsible for preparing mycological publications on deceases that were causing a huge impact on the economy. In 1888, she began to study a decease that was destroying cotton farms. Three years later (1891), her major contribution to USDA was when she discovered that the fungus *Colletotrichum gossypii* was the reason why thousands of acres of cotton were being destroyed yearly. She left the USDA in 1892 to become an assistant in botany professor at Barnard College in New York. From 1905 to 1911 she worked as her husband's assistant at the Desert Botanical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution of Washington in Tucson, Arizona. Southworth here focused more on desert plants than plant diseases. After her husband's death she joined the botany faculty of University of Southern California. There, she founded the Herbarium of the Department of Botany in 1922, which focused primarily on California spermatophytes. She is commemorated in the fungal genus *Southworthia* Ellis & Galloway, 
which is now a synonym for *Myriangium floridanum* Ellis & Galloway ex Rehm.

## Edemsibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Works by or about Effie A. SouthworthnaEbe Ndebe Ihe Ochie n'Intanet
* Effie Almira Southworth SpaldingnaChọta Ili
Eileen Adelaide Bruce

**Eileen Adelaide Bruce** (15 Febụwarị 1905 London" id="mwCw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Petersham, London">Petersham, London - 6 Ọktoba 1955 London) ^ bụ onye England taxonomist na botanist. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Kew Gardens na na South African National Herbarium na Pretoria. Ọ nyochara ọtụtụ ezinụlọ osisi, ọkachasị Labiatae, ntụgharị nke genus Kniphofia, na ezinụlọ Pedaliaceae na Loganiaceae.

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Bruce na Petersham na 15 Febụwarị 1905, ọ gakwara Francis Holland School na London.O debere osisi ezinụlọ n'ụlọ ya na-egosi na ọ bụ nwa Robert nke Bruce. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ nwetara nzere BSc na Mahadum Mahadum London, gụrụ akwụkwọ n'okpuru Prọfesọ Edward Salisbury.

## Ọrụ
Ọ sonyeere ndị ọrụ nke Kew Gardens na 1930, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye enyemaka Botanist, na-arụ ọrụ na phanerogams sitere na ebe okpomọkụ Africa.. Na 1941, mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ malitere, ọ debanyere aha na Auxiliary Territorial Service, e nyere ya ọrụ wee gaa n'ihu na-eje ozi na Anti-Aircraft Command. Mgbe agha ahụ biri, a họpụtara ya na South Africa National Herbarium na Pretoria na 1946. N'ime afọ isii ọ nọrọ n'ebe ahụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ezinụlọ osisi, ọkachasị Labiatae nakwa na mmezigharị nke ụdị *Kniphofia*. E bipụtara ọrụ ya na *Bothalia* na Flowering Plants of Africa . 

Na mmalie 1950s, ọ laghachiri na Kew dị ka onye ọrụ sayensị na Herbarium, na-arụ ọrụ na ezinụlọ Pedaliaceae na Loganiaceae, na-enye aka na Flora nke Tropical East Africa na Kew Bulletin..

## Ọnwụ na ihe nketa
Mgbe a chọpụtara na ọ na-arịa ọrịa kansa na 1954, ọ natara ọgwụgwọ ma gaa n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ. N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1955, a wara ya ahụ, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị ọ nwụrụ.

The Archives of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, nwere ụfọdụ n'ime akwụkwọ ozi ya na E Milne-Redhead na N N.D. Simpson, yana akwụkwọ ndekọ ya na akwụkwọ ya na njem botanical nke 1937 na Ugwu Corsican. 

## Edemsibia

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* 
* Bruce, Eileen Adelaide International Plant Names Index (ipni.org)
Eleanor Marion Bennett

**Eleanor Marion Bennett**(amụrụ 4 Febrụwarị 1942) (née Scrymgeour) bụ ọkà mmụta ihe ọkụkụ Australia nke Western Australian Herbarium were ọrụ site na 1965 ruo 1970. Ọ chịkọtara ụdị Eucalyptus na ndịda-ọdịda anyanwụ nke Western Australia wee bipụta ntụgharị nke genus Hybanthus na 1972.  Ọ bụ onye dere akwụkwọ abụọ: Bushland Plants of Kings Park, Western Australia  na Common and aboriginal names of Western Australian plant species.  Bennett bụkwa otu n'ime ndị dere *Flora nke mpaghara Perth.* 

## Edemsibia

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Edna H. Fawcett

**Edna Hague Fawcett** (1879 - 1960) bụ onye America na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ na ọkachamara na nsogbu ahụike osisi. 

## Ndụ na ọrụ
Fawcett nwetara nzere bachelọ na Smith College na 1901.  N'otu oge a, Fawcett nwere ọnọdụ nwa oge dị ka onye enyemaka n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze na Springfield, Massachusetts. Ọ gara n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya na Barnard College tupu ọ banye n'ọkwa na New York Botanical Garden. Ọ sonyeere ndị ọrụ nyocha nke Bureau of Plant Industry na Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo nke United States na 1906. Ka ọ na-esi n'ọkwa onye na-ahụ maka ọrụ, Fawcett mechara bụrụ osote onye na-amụ banyere ọrịa na 1930.

Otu n'ime ihe ọmụmụ ya kachasị ama ama bụ Stabilization of Boric Acid Buffers Site Aeration na Nsogbu nke Dilution na Colorimetric H-Ion Measurements, nke edere ha na njikọ SF Acree..

## Edemsibia

## Njikọ mpụga
Ndị Naijiria na China

Ndị Naịjirịa nọ na China bụ ndị si Naịjirịa kwaga ibi na China dị ka ndị mba ọzọ.

## Ọnụọgụ mmadụ
Dịka onye omeiwu Naịjirịa, Senatọ David Mark siri kwuo na njem òtù gara China n’ọnwa Mee afọ 2014, e nwere ihe dịka ndị Naịjirịa puku iri na nde mmadụ iri bi na China. Ndị Naịjirịa juru na Guangzhou, obodo dị na steeti Guangdong nke nwere ọtụtụ ndị Afrịka bi. Onye nnọchiteanya China na Naịjirịa, Gu Xiaojie, kwuru na 2015 na ndị Naịjirịa bụ ndị Afrịka kacha ọtụtụ bi na China. 

## Lee kwa
 

* Ndị Afrịka nọ na Guangzhou
* Ndị China Africa
* Mmekọrịta China na Naịjirịa

## Ntụaka
Ndị Afro-Spanish

Afro-Spaniards bụ ndị Spain bụ́ ndị nwere mkpụrụ obi Afrịka, gụnyere ndị sitere na North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, yana ndị Afro-Caribbean, African American, ma ọ bụ Afro Latin American. Gọọmenti Spain anaghị achọtakwa data gbasara agbụrụ ma ọ bụ njirimara agbụrụ mmadụ nyere onwe ya.

## Ịkọwa Afro-Spaniards
N'agbanyeghị na enweghị ozi gọọmenti kwadoro gbasara ịkọ aha agbụrụ ma ọ bụ ọdịbendị mmadụ na Spain, e meela ụfọdụ mgbalị iji tụọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Afro-Spaniards. Ịtụgharị data sitere na nyocha gọọmenti abụọ nwere ike inye nghọta ziri ezi,  E nwere opekata mpe mmadụ 1,029,944 bụ ndị Afro-Spaniards, n’ime ha, pasentị 47% mụrụ na Spain, ebe pasentị 71% bụ ndị nwe obodo Spanish.

Ugbu a, e nwere mmadụ 1,301,296 bi na Spain bụ́ ndị mụrụ ha n’ụfọdụ ndịda Afrịka, e wepụ ndị 1,802,810 mụrụ na Ceuta, Melilla, na Canary Islands, bụ́ ebe gọọmenti Spain na-achị. N’ihe metụtara Ceuta na Melilla, ha bụ obodo n’onwe ha ma dị n’ala Africa.

N’ime ha, mmadụ 294,343 bụ ndị nwe obodo Spanish, ebe mmadụ 1,006,953 bụ ndị bi na Spain dịka ndị mba ọzọ. Nnukwu ọtụtụ n’ime ha bụ ndị si Morocco. E nwere mmadụ 934,046 bụ́ ndị mụrụ na Morocco bi na Spain, n’ime ha, mmadụ 223,590 bụ ndị nwe obodo Spanish, ebe mmadụ 710,457 bụ ndị bi na mba ọzọ. “Otú ọ dị, n’ihi na ndị Morocco bụ ndị North Africa, a naghị ewere ha dịka ndị Afro-Spaniards, belụsọ ma ha bụ ndị Morocco ojii, ma ọ bụ nwee àgwà anụ ahụ a na-ejikọta na ndị ojii. Ya mere, ndị bi na Spain bụ́ ndị mụrụ ha n’ụlọ Afrika ma ọ bụghị Morocco bụ mmadụ 367,250, n’ime ha, mmadụ 70,753 bụ ndị nwe obodo Spanish, ebe 296,497 bụ ndị mba ọzọ bi na Spain.

Dị ka ozi sitere na ụlọ ọrụ gọọmenti na-enyocha ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ si kwuo, n’afọ 2019, e nwere mmadụ 361,000 bi na Spain, bụ́ ndị nne ha mụrụ na mba dị na Afrika, e wepụ Morocco. N’ime ha, mmadụ 91,000 bụ ndị nwe obodo Spanish.

## "Ndị mmadụ ama ama

### Ndị nkuzi na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị

* Antumi Toasije, ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na onye na-eme ngagharị iwe
* Justo Bolekia Boleka, ọkà mmụta asụsụ na onye edemede

### Ndị nka na ndị ode akwụkwọ

* Elvira Dyangani, onye na-ahụ maka nka
* Juan Latino, onye na-ede uri na onye na-ahụ maka ọdịmma mmadụ na RenaissanceNdị na-ahụ maka ọdịmma mmadụ n'oge Renaissance
* Bisila Noha, onye na-eme ite
* Juan de Pareja, onye na-ese ihe nke sitere na Morisco amụrụ na Antequera.

### Ndị nchọpụta ụwa na ndị mmeri agha

* Juan Valiente
* Juan Garrido
* Beatriz nke Obí Eze

### "N’ụwa ntụrụndụ na mgbasa ozi
 

### Ndị na-enyere mmadụ aka n’efu

* Bisila Bokoko

### Ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị

* Rita Bosaho
* Basha Mgbanwe
* Luc André Diouf
* Ignacio Garriga
* Dolores Johnson Sastre
* Serigne Mbayé

### N’ụwa egwuregwu
 

## Lee kwa
 

* Ịkwaga Afrịka na Europe
* Ndị Afro-Hispanic
* Ndị Algeria na Spain
* Ndị Equatorial Guinea na-akwaga Spain
* Ndị Fernandino
* Ndị Morocco na Spain
* Ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na Spain
* Ndị Equatoguinean nke Spain
* Guinea nke Spain

## "Isi mmalite

* Appiah, Kwame Anthony; Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. (1999). Africana: Encyclopedia of African and African American Experience. Basic Civitas Books, peeji nke 1769-1773.  .&nbsp; 

## Nkọwa
Ndị Naijiria nọ n'Ịtali

Ịdị ndị Naịjirịa na Itali amaliteela kemgbe afọ iri asatọ gara aga (1980s). &#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Ntụgharị ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ
N’afọ 2021, ndị mbịbịa si Naịjirịa nọ na Itali bụ mmadụ 119,435. N’afọ 2014, ndị mbịbịa kwadoro iwu si Naịjirịa nọ na Itali bụ mmadụ 71,158, ebe n’afọ 2006 ha bụ naanị mmadụ 37,733. Obodo atọ nwere ndị Naịjirịa kacha nwee ọtụtụ bụ: Turin, Rome na Padua.

## Ndị ama ama

* Eddy Wata (1976), singer
* Emeka Jude Ugali (1982), footballer
* Stephen Makinwa (1983), footballer
* Osarimen Giulio Ebagua (1986), footballer
* Angelo Ogbonna (1988), footballer
* Maria Benedicta Chigbolu (1989), olympic athlete
* Stefano Okaka (1989), footballer
* Joel Obi (1991), footballer
* Nicolao Dumitru (1991), footballer
* Awudu Abass (1993), basketball player
* Sara Bonifacio (1996), volleyball player
* Paola Egonu (1998), volleyball player
* Victor Osimhen (1998), footballer
* Destiny Udogie (2002), footballer

## Lee kwa

* Ndị Senegal nọ n'Ịtali
* Ndị Afrịka na-akwaga Ịtali

## Ntụaka

### Nkọwa
Elena Paunero Ruiz

**Elena Paunero Ruiz**(amụrụ 21 Septemba 1906 na Valladolid - 9 Maachị 2009 na Madrid) bụ onye Spain na-ahụ maka ahịhịa na agrostologist bụ ọkachamara na ahịhịa ahịhịa. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ ruo ọtụtụ afọ na Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid (Royal Botanical Garden of Madrid).

## Oge ọ malitere
Elena Paunero Ruiz mụrụ na Valladolid. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ ma zụọ ya na Madrid, na-enweta nzere baccalaureate ya na Instituto de Enseñanza Secundaria San Isidro (IES San Isidro). Ọ ghọrọ onye otu Spanish Royal Society of Natural History na 1926 mgbe ọ dị afọ 20. O nwetara akara ugo mmụta doctorate na Mahadum Madrid na 1929 ebe o dere akwụkwọ ya na ihe ọkụkụ.
## Ọrụ
N'afọ 1927, ọ sonyere na ngalaba ihe nkiri nke Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid. Dị ka onye nlekọta, ọ raara onwe ya nye n'ịmụ akwụkwọ ahịhịa Spanish. Na 1948 o kere agrostology laabu, ghọrọ onye isi nke ya. Ọ kụzikwaara na Mahadum Madrid site na 1940 na phytography na botanical geography na kwa, site na 1941 ruo 1949, na ihe ọkụkụ dị ndụ. Na 1962, Ruiz ghọrọ onye isi nke ngalaba Herbarium nke Ogige Botanical. Valdés, B. (2009). "Dra. Elena Paunero Ruiz". *Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid* (in Spanish). **66** (1): 133–136. ISSN&nbsp;1988-3196. Retrieved 12 October 2021.


N'ịgbaso mgbanwe na onye nduzi na Botanical Garden, Ruiz (onye dị nso na onye nduji gara aga ma hụ ya dị ka "aka nri ya") chere na ọ naghị enwe ahụ iru ala na mgbanwe ndị e mere n'ogige ahụ. Nke a kpaliri ya ịla ezumike nká n'oge.

## Ndụ onwe onye
Ọ lụrụ Clemente Sanz Rubert, onye so n'ihe mberede ụgbọala n'afọ 1940. Ruiz ketara ihe onwunwe di ya, nke nyere ya ohere itinye onwe ya na nyocha botanical. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] &#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Nchịkọta
 

## Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara

* Paunero, Elena 1953. Andropogoneas ndị Spen
* Paunero, Elena 1956. Avenas ndị Spen
* Paunero, Elena 1957. Agrostideas nke Spain

Maka ndepụta zuru ezu nke akwụkwọ, lee P. Blanco & P. Montserrat. 2007. ′′Elena Paunero Ruiz, conservadora de Herbarios del Jardín Botánico de Madrid, centenaria. "Ọkụ. Akụkọ ihe mere eme Ahịhịa Ibero-Macar 8-9: 24–30.

## Edemsibia
Elisa Bailly nke Vilmorin

**Elisa Bailly nke Vilmorin** (3 Mee 1826 - 5 Ọgọst 1868)  bụ onye France na-ahụ maka ọrụ ugbo na onye na-azụ osisi. Ọ lụrụ Louis nke Vilmorin . 

 Ọkọlọtọ odee abbreviation E.Vilm. a na-eji gosi onye a dị ka odee mgbe ọ na-ehota aha botanical

## Edemsibia
Elisabeth Tschermak-Woess

**Elisabeth Tschermak-Woess** (28 Jenụwarị 1917 - 26 Eprel 2001) bụ onye nkuzi Mahadum Ọstrịa, cytologist, na phycologist onye na-arụ ọrụ na lichen photobionts.[1][2] N'afọ 1994, e nyere Tschermak-Woess nrite Acharius maka ntinye aka na ndụ ya na lichenology.. O nwere *Festschrift* raara nye ya na 1988, na akwụkwọ akụkọ Plant Systematics and Evolution (mpịakọta 158, peeji nke 73-340).  Lichen taxa ndị a gụrụ aha Tschermak-Woess gụnyere ụdị *Woessia* na ụdị *[[Asterochloris woessiae]]* . 

## Akụkọ ndụ
Tschermak-Woess gụrụ botany na chemistry na Mahadum Vienna. N'afọ 1948, ọ malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-ahụ maka cytology na Lothar Geitler. Site na 1971 ruo 1985 ọ bụ prọfesọ nke botany (cytology na genetics) na Mahadum Vienna. N'ịbụ onye a ma ama maka usoro magburu onwe ya na microscope ọkụ, ọ chọpụtara ọnụnọ nke polytene chromosomes na osisi. O bipụtara ọtụtụ ọmụmụ banyere mmekọrịta dị n'etiti mycobionts na phycobionts yana ọmụmụ banyere haustoria. Ọrụ ya mechara gbanwee site na cytology, karyology na biology nke lichen symbiosis gaa na epiphytic algae na lichen algae, ọkachasị biology na sistematics ha. Tschermak-Woess bipụtara ihe karịrị 100 akwụkwọ sayensị, gụnyere akwụkwọ na nchịkọta banyere algae lichen na Margalith Galun's Handbook of Lichenology (1988). Tschermak-Woess nyere aka dị ukwuu na nghọta nke algae lichen, ọ kọwakwara ụdị *Asterochloris*, *Dilabifilum*. *Elliptochloris*, na *[[Hemochloris]]*. Ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke akwụkwọ Tschermak-Woess bụ gbasara cytology; isiokwu na-aga n'ihu na mpaghara a gụnyere ọmụmụ cytogenetic nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na Allium paniculatum, na usoro nke endotosis na endopolyploidy na osisi okooko.

## Ọrụ ndị a họọrọ

* 
* 

## Hụkwa

* Ụdị:Taxa aha ya bụ Elisabeth Tschermak-Woess

## Edemsibia
{{Reflist|refs=
Elisabeth Christina von Linné

**Elisabeth Christina von Linné** (June 14, 1743 - April 15, 1782) bụ onye Sweden na-amụ banyere ihe ọkụkụ, nwa nwanyị nke Carl Linnaeus na Sara Elisabeth Moræa . 

## Ndụ
Enweghị ozi ọ bụla gbasara agụmakwụkwọ Elisabeth Christina von Linné, ebe ọ bụ na ekwughị ya nke ọma n'ebe ọ bụla. Agbanyeghị, dịka e nyere nwanne ya nwoke nkuzi ụlọ maka nkwadebe maka agụmakwụkwọ mahadum, a na-ekwenye na ya na ụmụ akwụkwọ nna ya na-akpakọrịta.,ndị bụkwa ndị nkuzi n'ụlọ ezinaụlọ, a na-ahụta na ọ bụ otu ndị nkuzi nyere ya nkuzi ụlọ nke nwanne ya nwoke na ụmụ akwụkwọ nna ya, ikekwe ya na ha sokwa, bụ nke a na-adịghị ahụkebe na Sweden n'oge ahụ.

She was acquainted with several of her father's students, among them Erik Gustaf Lidbeck and Daniel Solander, the latter of whom she reportedly wished to marry, but as he did not return from his expedition, the marriage never took place.

Linné lụrụ Major Carl Fredrik Bergencrantz na 1764 ma nwee ụmụ abụọ.  Otú ọ dị, ọ hapụrụ di ya wee laghachi na nne na nna ya afọ ole na ole mgbe agbamakwụkwọ ya gasịrị n'ihi na e metọrọ ya n'ihi mmetọ di ya: ọ nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 39, ụmụ ya nwụkwara tupu ha eruo ogo mmadụ. Nne ya boro ọnwụ ya n'oge ọ bụ mmetọ a na-emegbu ya mgbe ọ lụrụ di.

### Ọrụ sayensị
A na-akpọ Linné dị ka nwanyị mbụ na-amụ banyere ihe ọkụkụ na Sweden n'echiche nke oge a, n'agbanyeghị na ọ nataghị agụmakwụkwọ ọ bụla. Ọ bụ ya bụ onye mbụ kọwara ihe ọhụụ nke *Tropaeolum majus* yiri ka ọ na-ezipụ obere égbè eluigwe, nke a na-akpọ Elizabeth Linnæus Phenomenon  (ma ọ bụ, na German,  ) n'aha ya.

O bipụtara ihe ọ chọpụtara n'isiokwu ahụ n'akwụkwọ maka Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences na 1762, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19. A na-akpọ akwụkwọ ahụ  ("N'ihe gbasara ịfụ ụfụ nke ahịhịa India").  Akwụkwọ a bịara n'aka dọkịta Bekee, ọkà mmụta sayensị na onye na-ede uri, Erasmus Darwin. O tinyere ihe e zoro aka na ya na "The botanic garden, Part II, containing the love of the plants" (1789) ebe ọ kọwakwara nkwenye nke ihe omume ahụ site n'aka M. Haggren, onye nkuzi na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke bipụtara nchọpụta ya na Paris na 1788.

Ndị na-ede uri William Wordsworth na Samuel Taylor Coleridge gụrụ akụkọ Darwin n'oge ha na-eto eto ma, n'ihi mmetụta nke akụkọ ndị a, ha zoro aka na okooko osisi na-egbuke egbuke na uri ha, Wordsworth na "M na-awagharị naanị m dị ka igwe ojii" nke a na-akpọkwa "Daffodils" ('Ha na-egwuri egwu n'anya anya ahụ dị n'ime') na Coleridge na "Lines Written At Shurton Bars..." ('Flashes the golden-colour flower / A fair electric flame'). N'ụzọ dị otú a, Elizabeth Linnaeus bịara, site na Darwin, imetụta ndị ọsụ ụzọ nke uri Romantic nke Bekee. 

## Edemsibia


## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* Elisabeth Christina von LinnénaNdị na-ahụ maka ndụ
Ndị Naijiria nọ na Vietnam

**Ndị [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] nọ na Vietnam** bụkarị ndị si Naịjirịa bịara biri ebe ahụ maka azụmahịa ma ọ bụ ebumnobi akụ na ụba. Ha bụ akụkụ nke ọgbọ ọhụrụ ndị Naijiria na-apụ n’ala ha na-aga mba ndị na-abụghị ebe ha na-aga mgbe niile, dị ka  Etiopia, Ghana, na Mozambique kama ebe a na-ahọrọkarị dịka Libya, United Kingdom, ma ọ bụ United States. Ha na-akọ ihe kpatara ha ji apụ n’ala ha dịka ọnọdụ akụ na ụba dara ogbenye, gụnyere enweghị ọkụ na nchekwa ọha, bụ isi ihe na-akpali ha ịpụ n’obodo ha.

## Ahịa na Ọrụ
Ọtụtụ ndị Afrịka, gụnyere ndị Naịjirịa, na-azụ ahịa uwe n’ụlọ ahịa ha dị na mpaghara Tân Phú, Ho Chi Minh City. A kwenyere na ndị ọzọ bịara mba ahụ n’ihi nkwekọrịta egwuregwu bọọlụ e nyere ha site n’ọtụtụ ndị otu Vietnam n’afọ 2006 na 2007, ma e mesịrị dochie ha na ndị Brazil, kwụsịziekwa nkwekọrịta ha. Ụgwọ ọrụ na mba ahụ dị ala, dị ihe dị ka dollar America $200 kwa ọnwa, ọbụlagodi maka onye gụsịrị kọleji, nke pụtara na ọtụtụ n'ime ndị mbịarambịa na-enwe nsogbu inweta ndụ bara uru.

## Ụmepụta ọha
"N’afọ 2009, n’usoro ndụmọdụ ndị ọrụ mbata Vietnam nyere, ndị Naịjirịa bi na Vietnam hiwere otu a kpọrọ Nigerian Union in Vietnam ka ha nwee ike ijikwa onwe ha, melite aha ọma ndị Naịjirịa n’etiti ndị obodo, ma bụrụkwa ndị nnọchi anya ziri ezi maka ndị Naịjirịa na-eme azụmahịa n’ụzọ iwu kwadoro n’ihu ndị ọchịchị.

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga
Ndị Naijiria nọ na Finland

**Ndị [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] nọ na [[Finland]]** Ha bụ ndị si Naịjirịa malite na bi na Finland. Ndị mmadụ nwere ike ịmụ na Naịjirịa, inwe agbụrụ Naịjirịa, ma ọ bụ ịbụ ụmụ amaala Naịjirịa. Dịka afọ 2024 si dị, e nwere ndị mmadụ 5,959 a mụrụ na Naịjirịa bi na Finland. N'otu aka ahụ, ọnụọgụ ndị nwere ụmụ amaala Naịjirịa bụ 5,371.  Ndị Naijiria bụ ndị nke abụọ kasị ukwuu n’etiti Ndị Afrịka ndi si mba ọzọ bi na Finland mgbe Ndị Somalia na-anọchite anya nke mbụ.

## Otu ndị mmadụ si dị
 
Ndị a mụrụ na Naịjirịa ma bi na Finland, dị ka Statistics Finland si kwuo.

## Mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya
Ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị Naịjirịa na-achọ ebe mgbaba ndụ na Finland bụ ndị e mebiri site n’ịzụ ahịa mmadụ.

## Ndị Finland nwere mgbọrọgwụ Naịjirịa

* Noah Kin, onye na-eti egwu
* Nnaemeka Anyamele, onye na-agba bọọlụ
* Nicholas Otaru, onye na-agba bọọlụ
* Lola Odusoga, ihe nlereanya
* Seppo Evwaraye, onye na-eme egwuregwu
* Simon Ekpa, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Lahti, onye na-ekewa Biafra, na onye bụbu onye na-eme egwuregwu

## Ntụaka
Elise Hofmann

**Elise Hofmann**(5 Febrụwarị 1889 – 14 Maachị 1955) bụ onye nkuzi Austrian, ọkà mmụta ihe omimi, na ọkà mmụta ala. Ọ mụrụ akwụkwọ fossils dị na Austrian lignite, na-ebipụta ihe karịrị ọrụ 120, gụnyere akwụkwọ 1934 Palaeohistologie der Pflanze (Paleohistology of the Plant). E mere ya onye nta akụkọ nke Geological Survey nke Austria na 1931 na Landesmuseum Niederösterreich [de] na 1933. A họpụtara ya prọfesọ emerita nke Mahadum Vienna. 

## Ndụ
A mụrụ Hofmann na 5 Febụwarị 1889 na Vienna. Nna ya Emil Hofmann bụ onye nyocha ụlọ akwụkwọ, onye edemede na, onye nlekọta nsọpụrụ na Museum Carnuntinum .  Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, mana mgbe ọ nwetasịrị diplọma ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọrịtandrị, ọ gara mahadum.   Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Vienna na nzere doctorate na 1920, ebe ọ bụ ọkachamara na anatomy osisi. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ n'okpuru Richard Wettstein,  H. Möller,  na Othenio Abel. Mgbe a chụpụrụ Abel n'ọkwa ya dị ka dean na mahadum na 1934, Fritz Knoll, prọfesọ nke botany kwadoro Hofmann. Ọ gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị mgbe ọ na-eguzobe ụlọ nyocha onwe ya iji gaa n'ihu nyocha ya. N'afọ 1943, mgbe ọ sonyechara na National Socialist Party, ọ nwetara prọfesọ mahadum a na-akwụ ụgwọ, nke na-arụ ọrụ nwa oge, nke nyere ya ohere ibelata ọrụ nkuzi ya.

Hofmann bụ onye paleobotanist na geologist; Otú ọ dị, ọ mụtakwara osisi ọgba, plankton nke Lake Hallstatt, anatomy nke osisi dị iche iche na-ekpo ọkụ, na gburugburu ebe obibi nke osisi na mpaghara Mödling. Ọ bụ naanị nwanyị sonyere na nchọpụta ego nke Ọgba Drachenhöhle, nke akwụkwọ ya bụ otu n'ime akwụkwọ ntọala nke ngalaba speleology. O mepụtara ihe karịrị edemede 120, gụnyere akwụkwọ ya nke 1934 *Palaeohistologie der Pflanze* (Paleohistology of the Plant), nke bụ ntọala nke nzere habilitation ya, nke enyere na 1935.  Ọrụ paleontological ya gụnyere nchọpụta banyere ihe fọdụrụ na osisi phosphatized site na Prambachkirchen .  Ọ mepụtara usoro ịkpụ na ịcha nke ya iji kpughee ihe ndị histological nke samples maka njirimara.  

E mere Hofmann onye nnọchi anya Geological Survey of Austria na 1931 na nke Landesmuseum Niederösterreich na 1933. N'afọ 1950, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ prọfesọ emerita na Mahadum Vienna .  Ọ bụ onye otu Vienna Zoological-Botanical Society ogologo oge.

Hofmann nwụrụ na 14 Machị 1955 mgbe ọ rịasịrị obere ọrịa. 

 Ọkọlọtọ edemede mbiribiri E.Hofm. a na-eji gosi onye a dị ka odee mgbe ọ na-ehota aha botanical.

## Edemsibia
Jeanne Ngo Mai

**Jeanne Ngo Mai** (1933 - 2008) bụ onye ode akwụkwọ si Cameroon na-ede akwụkwọ na French.

A mụrụ ya na Poutchack nso Ngambé o wee mụta akwụkwọ na Sackbayeme, na Yaoundé na Toulouse dị na France, ebe ọ nwetara digrii na ọgwụgwọ. O laghachiri Cameroon na afọ 1962, rụọ ọrụ dịka onye isi dibia ọgwụ n'ụlọọgwụ dị na Yaoundé. O meghere ụlọ ọgwụ nke ya na afọ 1963, were rụọ ya ruo afọ 1993.

Ọtụtụ n’ime abụ ya pụtara na akwụkwọ mbipụta Le Cameroun littéraire. N'afọ 1967, Na afọ 1967, o bipụtara nchikọta abụ ya bú Poèmes sauvages et lamentations. 

## Ntụaka
Amanda Chetwynd

**Amanda G. Chetwynd** PFHEA bụ onye Britain na-eme mgbakọ na mwepụ nakwa onye na-ahụ maka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ngalaba ọkachamara ya bụ na combinatorics na ọnụ ọgụgụ mbara igwe. Ọ bụ Prọfesọ nke mgbakọ na mwepụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ na Provost maka ahụmịhe ụmụ akwụkwọ, kọleji na ọbá akwụkwọ na Mahadum Lancaster, nakwa onye òtù ndị isi nke Higher Education Academy . 

## Agụmakwụkwọ na Nnyocha
Chetwynd nwetara nzere Ph.D. site na Mahadum Open n'afọ 1985. Anthony Hilton na Robin Wilson jikọrọ aka lekọta edemede ya, Edge-colourings of graphs. O mere nnyocha onye nwetarala nzere ọkankuzi ya na Mahadum Stockholm tupu ọ banye Mahadum Lancaster .  Ihe nchoputa na-amasị ya gụnyere graph theory, edge coloring, na Latin square na combinatorics, yana Nchịkọta ala na ndekọ ahụike.

## Nkwanye Ùgwù na Ije Ozi Ya
N'afọ 2003, Chetwynd ritere ịbụ onye òtù National Teaching Fellowship na mmata ịdị mma nkuzi ya.  Ọ bụ osote onye isi oche nke London Mathematical Society n'afọ 2005, n'oge ọmụmụ mgbakọ na mwepụ na mahadum na-ebelata, ma siri n'ọ́kwá a gbaa gọọmentị UK ume ka ha gbochie ọdịda n'ọnụ ọgụ ahụ site n'inyetukwu ego maka agụmakwụkwọ mgbakọ na mwepụta.

## Akwụkwọ Ndị O Dere
Chetwynd bụ onye dere, ya na Peter Diggle,   akwụkwọ ndị a: Discrete Mathematics (Modular Mathematics series, Arnold, 1995) na Statistics and Scientific Method: An Introduction for Students and Researchers (Oxford University Press, 2011).  Ya na Bob Burn bụ onye dere A Cascade of Numbers: An Introduction to Number Theory (Arnold, 1995). 

## Ebemsidee

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ihu mbụ
* Mbipụta Amanda Chetwynd ndị edepụtara na Google Scholar 

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ