Global Environment Facility

Global Environment Facility (**GEF**) bụ ego gburugburu ebe obibi dị iche iche nke na-enye onyinye na ego agwakọta maka ọrụ ndị metụtara ụdị dị iche iche, mgbanwe ihu igwe, mmiri mba ụwa, mmebi ala, mmetọ na-adịgide adịgide (POPs), mercury, njikwa ọhịa na-adịte aka, nchekwa nri, na obodo ndị na-adịgidere na mba ndị na-emepe emepe. Ọ bụ isi iyi kachasị ukwuu nke ego ọtụtụ mba maka ụdị dị iche iche n'ụwa niile, ma na-ekesa ihe karịrị ijeri $ 1 kwa afọ na nkezi iji dozie nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi. 

E guzobere GEF tupu 1992 Rio Earth Summit ma gụnye mba 184 na mmekorita ya na ụlọ ọrụ mba ụwa, òtù ndị obodo, na ngalaba onwe. Ọ na-akwado atụmatụ mmepe na-adịgide adịgide nke mba na-eduzi na mba ndị na-emepe emepe nke na-emepụta uru gburugburu ebe obibi zuru ụwa ọnụ. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, GEF enyewo ihe karịrị ijeri $ 22 na enyemaka ma mee ka ijeri $ 120 ọzọ na-akwado ego maka ihe karịrị ọrụ na mmemme 5,200. Site na Small Grants Programme (SGP), GEF enyewo nkwado maka ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 27,000 obodo na obodo na mba 136. Na June 2022, ndị na-enye onyinye na GEF kwere nkwa ijeri $ 5.33 iji kwado usoro mmejuputa afọ anọ kachasị ọhụrụ, nke na-aga n'ihu ruo June 2026. 

Na mgbakwunye na itinye ego na ọrụ site na enyemaka na ego agwakọta, GEF na-ejekwa ozi dị ka usoro ego maka mgbakọ ndị a:

* Nkwekọrịta Banyere Biological Diversity (CBD)
* Nkwekọrịta Framework nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu maka Mgbanwe Ihu igwe (UNFCCC)
* Nkwekọrịta Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu Maka Ịlụso Ọzara ọgụ (UNCCD)
* Nkwekọrịta Stockholm maka Mmetụta Organic Na-adịgide adịgide
* Nzukọ Minamata na Mercury

GEF na-akwadokwa mmejuputa nke Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (MP).

## Ọdịdị ya
GEF nwere usoro nchịkwa nke a haziri gburugburu Nzukọ, Kansụl, odeakwụkwọ, ụlọ ọrụ iri na asatọ, Kọmitii ndụmọdụ sayensị na teknụzụ (STAP), na Ụlọ Ọrụ Nnyocha Onwe Ya.

* **Nzukọ GEF** nwere mba 184 niile so na ya, ma ọ bụ ndị sonyere. Ọ na-ezukọ afọ atọ ma ọ bụ anọ ọ bụla na ọkwa ndị minista iji nyochaa ụkpụrụ n'ozuzu; nyochaa ma nyochaa ọrụ GEF dabere na akụkọ ndị e nyere na Kansụl; nyochaa ndị otu ụlọ ọrụ ahụ; ma tụlee, maka nkwenye site na nkwekọrịta, mmezigharị na Instrument for the Establishment of the Restructured GEF na ndabere nke aro nke Kansụl ahụ. Ndị minista na ndị nnọchi anya gọọmentị dị elu nke mba niile so na GEF na-ekere òkè na nzukọ ndị ahụ. Nzukọ ahụ na-ejikọta nzukọ zuru ezu na ogwe dị elu, ihe ngosi, ihe omume n'akụkụ, na nleta GEF. Ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi, ndị omeiwu, ndị isi azụmaahịa, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, na ndị isi NGO na-atụle nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi zuru ụwa ọnụ n'ime usoro mmepe na-adịgide adịgide na ebumnuche mmepe mba ụwa ndị ọzọ.
* GEF Council bụ isi na-achịkwa GEF. Ọ nwere ndị otu 32 nke ndị otu GEF họpụtara (14 sitere na mba ndị mepere emepe, 16 sitere na mba na-emepe emepe na 2 sitere na akụ na ụba na-agbanwe agbanwe). Ndị otu Council na-agbanwe kwa afọ atọ ma ọ bụ ruo mgbe ndị otu ahụ họpụtara onye otu ọhụrụ. Kansụl ahụ, nke na-ezukọ ugboro abụọ n'afọ, na-emepe, na-anabata, ma na-enyocha ụkpụrụ na mmemme maka ọrụ GEF. Ọ na-enyocha ma kwado usoro ọrụ (ọrụ ndị e nyere maka nkwado), na-eme mkpebi site na nkwekọrịta.
* Secretariat nke GEF dị na Washington, D.C., ma na-akọ kpọmkwem na GEF Council na Assembly, na-ahụ na a na-asụgharị mkpebi ha n'ime ihe dị irè. Secretariat na-ahazi nhazi nke ọrụ ndị a gụnyere na mmemme ọrụ, na-ahụ maka mmejuputa ya, ma mee ka o doo anya na a na-agbaso atụmatụ na iwu. Onye isi oche na onye isi oche, Carlos Manuel Rodriguez na-eduzi odeakwụkwọ.
* GEF Scientific and Technical Advisory Panel (STAP) na-enye GEF ndụmọdụ sayensị na teknụzụ na iwu, atụmatụ ọrụ, mmemme, na ọrụ. Panel ahụ nwere ndị otu isii, ndị bụ ndị ọkachamara a ma ama na mba ụwa na mpaghara ọrụ GEF. Ha na-akwado site na netwọk zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ndị ọkachamara na ụlọ ọrụ. Na mgbakwunye, STAP na-emekọrịta ihe na ndị ọzọ dị mkpa na sayensị na teknụzụ, ọkachasị na ndị enyemaka nke mgbakọ gburugburu ebe obibi.
* GEF Independent Evaluation Office (GEF IEO) na-akọ kpọmkwem na Council. Ọ bụ onye nduzi, nke Kansụl ahụ họpụtara, onye na-ahazi otu ndị nyocha pụrụ iche. Ọ na-arụkọ ọrụ na Secretariat na GEF Agencies iji kesaa nkuzi a mụtara na omume kachasị mma. IEO na-eme nyocha onwe onye nke mmetụta GEF na ịdị irè. Ndị a na-abụkarị na mpaghara ndị a na-elekwasị anya, nsogbu ụlọ ọrụ, ma ọ bụ isiokwu ndị na-agbagwoju anya.
* GEF Agencies bụ aka na-arụ ọrụ nke GEF. Ha na ndị na-akwado ọrụ - ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị, òtù ndị obodo, na ndị ọzọ na-emetụta - na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ - iji chepụta, mepụta ma mejuputa ọrụ na mmemme GEF. GEF na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ iri na asatọ.

# Usoro Mmepe nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu (UNDP)
# Usoro gburugburu ebe obibi nke United Nations (UNEP)
# Ụlọ Akụ̀ Ụwa
# Nlekọta Nri na Ọrụ Ugbo (FAO)
# Ụlọ akụ Inter-American Development Bank (IADB)
# United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
# Ụlọ Akụ̀ Mmepe nke Eshia (ADB)
# African Development Bank (AfDB)
# European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)
# International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
# World Wildlife Fund - US (WWF-US)
# Nchekwa Mba Nile (CI)
# West African Development Bank (BOAD)
# Brazilian Biodiversity Fund (FUNBIO)
# Ọfịs Nkwado Akụnụba Mba Ọzọ, Ministry of Environmental Protection of China (FECO)
# Ụlọ akụ mmepe nke Southern Africa (DBSA)
# Ụlọ akụ mmepe nke Latin America (CAF)
# International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
E guzobere Global Environment Facility n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1991 n'okpuru onye isi oche nke Mohamed El-Ashry dị ka mmemme nnwale $ 1 ijeri na World Bank iji mee ka mba ndị na-emepe emepe mee ihe na ihe ịma aka gburugburu ebe obibi na ịkwalite mmepe na-adịgide adịgide. GEF ga-enye onyinye ọhụrụ na nke ọzọ na ego nkwenye iji kpuchie "mgbasawanye" ma ọ bụ ụgwọ ndị ọzọ metụtara ịgbanwe ọrụ nwere uru mba n'ime otu nwere uru gburugburu ebe obibi zuru ụwa ọnụ.

United Nations Development Programme, United Nations Environment Programme, na World Bank bụ ndị mmekọ atọ mbụ na-etinye ọrụ GEF.

N'afọ 1992, na Rio Earth Summit, a gbanwere GEF ma guzobe ya dị ka ụlọ ọrụ na-adịgide adịgide, nke dị iche. Mkpebi ime ka GEF bụrụ otu nwere onwe ya mere ka mba ndị na-emepe emepe tinye aka na usoro mkpebi na mmejuputa ọrụ ndị ahụ. Kemgbe afọ 1994, World Bank na-eje ozi dị ka Trustee nke GEF Trust Fund ma na-enye ọrụ nchịkwa.

Dị ka akụkụ nke nhazi ahụ, e nyere GEF ka ọ bụrụ usoro ego maka ma UN Convention on Biological Diversity na UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. Site na mmekorita ya na The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, GEF malitere ịkwụ ụgwọ ọrụ nke na-enyere Russian Federation na mba ndị dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Europe na Central Asia aka ịkwụsị iji kemịkal na-ebibi ozone.

N'afọ 1998, GEF Council kpebiri ịgbasa karịa ụlọ ọrụ atọ mbụ, gụnyere International Finance Corporation, iji gbasaa ikike ya iji mee ka usoro ego ọhụrụ na itinye ego nke onwe dịkwuo mma. A họpụtakwara GEF ka ọ bụrụ usoro ego maka mgbakọ mba atọ ọzọ: The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (2001), the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (2003), na Minamata Convention on Mercury (2013).

## Ebe ndị a na-arụ ọrụ
Ọrụ GEF na-elekwasị anya na mpaghara isii, gụnyere ụdị dị iche iche, mgbanwe ihu igwe (ebelata na mgbanwe), kemịkal na ihe mkpofu, mmiri mba ụwa, mmebi ala, na njikwa ọhịa na-adịgide adịgide.

Biodiversity: Biodiversities nọ n'oké egwu. A na-ewere ibelata na igbochi mbelata nke ụdị dị iche iche dị iche iche n'etiti ihe ịma aka kachasị njọ nye ụmụ mmadụ. N'ime nsogbu niile ụwa na-eche ihu n'ịchịkwa "ihe onwunwe ụwa", ọ bụ naanị ọnwụ nke ụdị dị iche iche bụ ihe a na-apụghị ịgbanwe agbanwe. GEF na-akwado ọrụ ndị na-edozi ndị isi na-akpata ọnwụ nke ụdị dị iche iche nke na-elekwasị anya na ohere kachasị elu iji nweta nchekwa dị iche iche na-adịgide adịgide.

**Mgbanwe ihu igwe**: Mgbanwe ihu ọha sitere na ikuku nke mmadụ na-akpata nke ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ (GHGs) bụ nsogbu dị oke egwu zuru ụwa ọnụ, na-achọ nnukwu ọrụ. Omume ndị a gụnyere itinye ego iji belata ikuku nke gas na-ekpo ọkụ, na ime mgbanwe ihu igwe gụnyere mgbanwe. Mmetụta mbụ nke mgbanwe ihu igwe apụtaworị, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị kwenyere na mmetụta ndị ọzọ bụ ihe a na-apụghị izere ezere. Ọtụtụ n'ime mmetụta kachasị njọ na nke na-adịghị mma nke mgbanwe ihu igwe ga-abụ nke ndị ogbenye na mba ndị na-emepe emepe ga-ebu. GEF na-akwado ọrụ na mba ndị na-emepe emepe.

* Mbelata mgbanwe ihu igwe: Mbelata ma ọ bụ izere gas na-ekpo ọkụ na mpaghara nke ike na-agbanwe agbanwe; arụmọrụ ike; njem na-adịgide adịgide; na njikwa nke iji ala eme ihe, mgbanwe ala, na ọhịa.
* Mgbanwe ihu igwe: Izube na mba ndị na-emepe emepe ka ha bụrụ ndị na-anagide ihu igwe site n'ịkwalite usoro mgbanwe ozugbo na ogologo oge na iwu mmepe, atụmatụ, mmemme, ọrụ, na omume.

Kemikal: Ndị na-emetọ mmiri na-adịgide adịgide (POPs) bụ ọgwụ pesticides, kemịkalụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa nke usoro mmepụta ihe na-achọghị nke ejirila ọtụtụ iri afọ mana achọpụtala na nso nso a na-ekerịta ọtụtụ njirimara na-akpasu iwe, gụnyere:

* Ịnọgide - ha na-eguzogide mmebi na ikuku, mmiri, na ala.
* Bio-accumulation - ha na-agbakọta na anụ ahụ dị ndụ na oke dị elu karịa ndị dị na gburugburu ebe obibi.
* Njem dị anya - ha nwere ike ịga ebe dị anya site na isi iyi nke ntọhapụ site na ikuku, mmiri, na anụmanụ na-agagharị agagharị, na-emetọkarị ebe dị ọtụtụ puku kilomita site na isi mmalite ọ bụla a maara.

GEF na-akwado ọrụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ iji kpochapụ mmepụta na ojiji nke POPs ụfọdụ, na-eme ihe iji hụ na a na-achịkwa ha ma na-atụfu ha n'ụzọ dị mma, na-achọpụta isi mmalite, ma na-ebelata ntọhapụ nke POPs byproducts.

Akụ na ụba gburugburu: GEF anabatala ihe omume na **[[Akụ na ụba okirikiri|akụ na ụba gburugburu]]**, nke na-agbanwe site na akụ na-ewepụ ihe mkpofu gaa na nke na-achọ iji ihe ndị na-adịghị emezigharị ma mepụta ihe efu. GEF bụ onye otu Platform for Accelerating the Circular Economy (PACE).

**Mmiri mba ụwa**: Mgbanwe nke mmiri maka ịgba mmiri, inye ya n'ọtụtụ, na iji ya eme ihe ọṅụṅụ, yana mmetọ nke mmiri nkịtị na-emepụta esemokwu gafee ókèala. Esemokwu ndị a na-aga n'ihu n'ofe oké osimiri, ebe atọ n'ụzọ anọ nke azụ na-egbubiga ihe ókè, na-egbute ya n'ụzọ kachasị elu, ma ọ bụ n'ọnọdụ na-agwụ ike. GEF na-akwado ọrụ na-enyere mba aka ịrụkọ ọrụ ọnụ iji merie esemokwu ndị a na nnukwu usoro mmiri na ijikwa ọdọ mmiri ha na-agafe ókèala, ọdọ mmiri dị n'okpuru ala, na usoro osimiri na nke mmiri iji kesaa uru site na ha.

**[[Mmebi ala]]** bụ nnu kwu ihe iyi egwu nye ụdị dị iche iche, nkwụsi ike gburugburu ebe obibi, na ikike ọha mmadụ nwere ịrụ ọrụ. N'ihi njikọ dị n'etiti gburugburu ebe obibi n'ofe akpịrịkpa, nbibi ala na-ebute usoro mbibi nke nwere ike inwe mmetụta dị egwu n'ofe biosphere niile.  Ọnwụ nke biomass site na mkpochapụ ahịhịa na ụbara mbuze nke ala na-emepụta ikuku griin na-eme ka okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ na mgbanwe ihu igwe.  GEF na-akwado ọrụ n'ịgbanwe na igbochi ọzara / mmebi ala na ibelata mmetụta nke ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na mpaghara ndị metụtara iji kwado mbelata ịda ogbenye na nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi.

Nchịkwa ọhịa na-adịgide adịgide / [Mbelata ikuku sitere na mgbukpọ ọhịa na mmebi ọhịa]+: Oke ọhịa na-ekpuchi ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ala ụwa.  Ha nwere ikike pụrụ iche iji mepụta ọtụtụ uru gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka ichekwa ihe dị iche iche dị iche iche, mkpochapụ carbon, na nchebe megide ọzara.  Ọhịa ndị a na-achịkwa nke ọma nwere ike ịkwalite inye osisi na ngwaahịa ọhịa na-abụghị osisi maka ihe dị ka ijeri mmadụ 1.6 dabere n'oké ọhịa maka ibi ndụ ha.  A na-atụkwa anya na gburugburu oke ọhịa ga-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'inyere ndị mmadụ na mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe aka ime mgbanwe na mmetụta mgbanwe ihu igwe.  GEF na-akwado oru ngo na nchekwa oke ohia (ebe echekwabara na mpaghara ebe nchekwa), iji oke ohia eme ihe (okirikiri ebe a na-emeputa oke ohia, njikwa oke ohia na-adigide), na ikwu okwu banyere oke ohia na osisi n'okirikiri sara mbara.

Na mgbakwunye na mpaghara isiokwu ndị a, GEF nwere ọrụ iji kwado: 

* Mmepe ikike
* Mgbanwe ụgwọ maka okike
* Ịha nhata nwoke na nwanyị
* Ndị obodo na ihe ọmụma ọdịnala
* Nsonaazụ na mmụta
* Obere agwaetiti Ndị Na-emepe emepe

== Ihe Omume Maka Obere Onyinye ==
GEF na-agba ọsọ obere onyinye nke na-enye nkwado ego na teknụzụ maka ọrụ ndị na-egosipụta usoro obodo. GEF na-ahụ ọrụ ndị dabeere na obodo dị ka isi nkuku maka idozi nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na nke ụwa na nke mmepe na-adịgide adịgide.

== Hụkwa ==

* Ego ihu igwe
* Green Climate Fund
* Ego itinye ego na ihu igwe
* Nkwekọrịta Paris

== Ihe edeturu na Edensibia ==


== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://www.thegef.org/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ GEF]
* [http://www.iwlearn.net/ GEF International Waters Resource Center]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200809205200/http://www.newgreenorder.info/ Nkatọ ndị] dabeere na nyocha agụmakwụkwọ onwe ha nke GEF E debere  Wayback Machine
* [http://shapingsustainablemarkets.iied.org/global-environment-facility-gef Global Environment Facility Profile na nchekwa data nke usoro ọchịchị ahịa]
[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations