Jacqueline Semha Gmach

thumb| Jacqueline Semha Gmach
**Jacqueline Semha Nataf Gmach** bụ onye Tunisia, onye nkuzi America zụrụ Sorbonne. Ọrụ ya lekwasịrị anya na omenala ndị Juu, akụkọ Sephardic, na ichekwa ọrụ nka nke ndị Oké Mgbukpọ ahụ tara.

## Ndụ mmalite na ọrụ
A mụrụ Jacqueline Semha Nataf na Tunisia  na 1940 nye Mathilde na Joseph Nataf, ebe nna ya bụ dọkịta eze na nne ya bụ onye na-elekọta ụlọ.  Aha Nataf sitere n'okwu Hibru maka ihe nsure ọkụ a kọwara n'Agba Ochie .  Ezinụlọ Nataf bụ ezinụlọ ndị nna ochie nke North Africa bụ ndị idebe iwu na omenala ndị Juu bụ omenala na akụkụ dị mkpa nke ndụ kwa ụbọchị.  Ezinụlọ ahụ bụ ndị Juu Sephardic bụ ndị sitere na nna nna ha laghachi Spain, ebe a chụpụrụ ndị Juu na njedebe narị afọ nke 15. Mwakpo ndị Nazi wakporo Tunisia gbara Gmach n'oge ọ bụ nwata,  n'oge ahụ onye nchekwa France, na 1942. Otu n'ime ahụmịhe mbụ Gmach nwere mgbe ọ dị afọ abụọ, dịka ndị ezinaụlọ ya gbasara ya wee cheta n'ihe ndekọ ya, na-atụpụ nutcracker na mberede site na mbara ihu ụlọ elu ebe ọ kụrụ isi onye agha German nke guzoro n'okporo ụzọ dị n'okpuru. Ọ na-echetakwa na a manyere nna ya ka ọ na-emeso onye agha Germany ihe, n'ihe ize ndụ nye ndụ ya na ezinụlọ ya. 

Na 1958, Gmach kwagara Paris, France iji mụọ physics na kemistri na Mahadum Sorbonne .   O nwetara ikike ịbụ nwa amaala France dịka nne ya bụ onye Algeria, na nkwekọrịta Evian nke 1962 nyere ndị sitere na Algeria ohere ị nweta nwa amaala France. Kama ịlaghachi Tunisia ka ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ nọgidere na France n'ihi egwu na ọ ga-efunahụ ya ịbụ nwa amaala France. Ọ kụziiri kemistri na physics ebe ahụ. N’oge a, ọ gara Izrel ọtụtụ ugboro. N'oge njem ogologo oge ọ gara Israel, ọ mụtara asụsụ Hibru ma kụziere ihe na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na College Francais de Yaffo, kọleji na-enye ụmụ akwụkwọ French nri. 

Otú ọ dị, France nọgidere bụrụ ebe obibi ya bụ isi. Na 1966, ọ zutere di ya n'ọdịnihu, David Gmach, onye Juu French nke lanarịrị Oké Mgbukpọ ahụ site n'ịbụ ndị ezinụlọ Ndị Kraịst nke France zoro. Na 1967, mgbe agha dara na Israel (nke e mesịrị mara dị ka Agha Ụbọchị isii ), Gmach mere ka ndị mụrụ ya kwaga France, na-atụ egwu na agha ahụ ga-eduga n'ime ihe ike megide ndị Juu nọ na Tunisia. Ndị mụrụ ya nọgidere na France ruo oge ndụ ha nile. Mgbe Agha Ụbọchị isii gachara, Gmach laghachiri n’Izrel iji nyere aka rụzie ihe mebiri ná mba ahụ. David na Gmach lụrụ na 1968 wee malite ezinụlọ. Na 1975, Gmach na David Gmach kwagara Montreal, Canada, ebe Gmach kuziri kemịkalụ ụlọ akwụkwọ etiti na Ecole Maimonide (Maimonides School), mechara bụrụ osote onye isi. 

## Ọrụ nke abụọ
Na 1981, Gmach na David Gmach kwagara ọzọ, oge a na San Diego, California ( United States ).   Na mbụ, Gmach rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nduzi nke Devonshire Gallery na La Jolla . Devonshire gbanwere aha ya ka ọ bụrụ JudaiCollection, na-egosi Judaica ọmarịcha nka na ihe onyinye na mgbasa ozi niile. Jacqueline rụkwara ọrụ na 1987 dị ka onye isi otu Association of La Jolla Arts Gallery,  na-eme mmemme na-egosi pastels mbụ, mmanụ, etchings na lithographs. Mana ọrụ nke abụọ Gmach malitere n'ike na 1995, mgbe ọ were ọrụ nke onye mmekọ mmemme omenala na onye isi na Lawrence Family Jewish Community Center (JCC). 

Ọrụ na-aga n'ihu n'ọkwa Gmach na JCC na-eduzi ma na-eduzi ngosi ngosi akwụkwọ ndị Juu nke San Diego, ihe omume ọtụtụ ụbọchị na-egosi ndị na-ekwu okwu ma na-enye ọtụtụ akwụkwọ maka ọrịre.    San Diego Union Tribune kọwara ihe ngosi akwụkwọ 2016 dị ka nke gosipụtara " egwu rock, iyi ọha egwu, nri, nchekwa cyber, Nazi Germany, Broadway musical .    Ndị na-ekwu okwu gụnyere ndị na-akpa ọchị, ndị na-abụ abụ, ndị ọbịa redio, ndị na-egwu egwu, ndị na-eme ihe nkiri, ndị na-ese ihe,  ndị nta akụkọ,  ndị na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ,  ndị na-ede egwuregwu,  ndị ọkachamara ejiji,  ndị ọrụ akụ na ụba, ndị nnọchiteanya, ndị ọka iwu,  rabbi,   Ndị ọkà mmụta Holocaust,  na ndị nnọchianya nke òtù na-abaghị uru.  E nwekwara mmemme isi nri   na mmemme maka ụmụaka na ezinụlọ 

### Ememme egwu ndị Juu San Diego
Gmach duziri San Diego Jewish Music Festival, nke na-akwado ndị na-eme ihe nkiri dị ka onye na-akụ violin Zina Schiff na 2003,   Klezmatics na Joshua Nelson (“onyeisi ozi ọma Kosher) na 2008,  Afula Conservatory Symphonic Band. na Choir na 2009,  na AJ Croce na 2010.  Emepụtara ememme egwu ahụ site na njikọ aka nke San Diego Lawrence Family JCC, Berkeley Jewish Music Festival, La Jolla Music Society, na San Diego Symphony .

### Ọmụmụ Oké Mgbukpọ
Gmach mere ajụjụ ọnụ iji dekọọ ahụmịhe nke ndị lanarịrị Oké Mgbukpọ sitere na North Africa na Middle East na njikọ USC Shoah Foundation .    Ndị a gbara ajụjụ ọnụ gụnyere Albert Memmi onye Tunisia, onye Iraqi a mụrụ Naim Kattan, na onye Algeria onye meriri ihe nrite Nobel na 1997 na physics Claude Cohen-Tannoudji . Edere akaebe ndị a na vidiyo ndị a gụnyere na Middle East na North Africa ( MENA ) mkpokọta nke Shoah Foundation.

Ọrụ nkuzi ọzọ bụ ihe ngosi nke isiokwu ya bụ “DAVKA: Ịlanahụ Ndị Mmadụ,” bụ́ nke gụnyere foto, vidiyo, na akụkọ ihe mere eme ọnụ banyere ndụ ndị lanarịrị Oké Mgbukpọ ahụ na ezinụlọ ha bi na San Diego. Ihe ngosi ahụ mere ka ndụ ha nwee ìhè ma n'oge Oké Mgbukpọ ahụ na mgbe e mesịrị. Ihe ngosi ahụ gosiri ka ndị lanarịrị siri pụta site n'otu n'ime akụkọ kachasị njọ na akụkọ ihe mere eme iji zụlite ndụ ọhụrụ, na otu ha si nyefee ncheta ha n'ọgbọ n'ọdịnihu. E gosipụtara foto ndị lanarịrịnụ na diptychs, nwere foto ndị lanarịrịnụ na ụmụ ụmụ ha.   Sempra Energy nyere onyinye maka ọrụ ahụ. Ndị lanarịrịnụ ndị egosipụtara na ihe ngosi ahụ gụnyere David Gmach, Agathe Ehrenfried  Rose Schindler, Gussie Zaks,   na Fanny Krasner-Lebovitz.    Ihe ngosi Davka bụ mkpali maka ntinye vidiyo nke UK Holocaust Center mepụtara nke akpọrọ Generations: Survival and the Legacy of Hope, bụ nke nyochara mmetụta Oké Mgbukpọ ahụ na ezinụlọ anọ gafere ọgbọ atọ. E gosipụtara ihe ngosi nke Generations na mmemme United Nations nke Ụbọchị Ncheta Mba Nile nke 2010 iji cheta ndị e gburu Oké Mgbukpọ ahụ.  

Ọrụ ọzọ Gmach duziri bụ ihe ngosi nke isiokwu ya bụ "N'ime ụlọ Anne Frank  ." Echiche a sitere n'akwụkwọ nke otu aha ahụ sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ. Emepụtara ihe ngosi ahụ na njikọ San Diego Jewish Book Fair na 2006, na nkwado sitere na Sempra na Bank of America . Ihe ngosi ahụ bụ ihe ntụrụndụ nke ọnụ ụlọ abụọ nke ezinụlọ Frank na van Pels gbabatara na Amsterdam n'oge ndị Nazi na-achị. Ihe ngosi a bụ ihe owuwu dị n'ụkwụ iri na isii na iri na asatọ bụ nke esitere n'obere ọnụ ụzọ kpuchiri nke akpa akwụkwọ nwere ike ibugharị. Tinyere ihe owuwu ahụ, ihe ngosi ahụ gụnyere vidiyo gbasara ndụ Anne Frank, isiokwu mkparịta ụka tụrụ aro, na akwụkwọ ọrụ maka ụmụ akwụkwọ iji kwupụta mmetụta ha banyere ihe ngosi ahụ na isiokwu ya. Ihe ngosi ahụ gara n'ọbá akwụkwọ na ụlọ nzukọ dị iche iche na mpaghara San Diego.

Mmemme “Anyị Bụ Osisi Ndụ  ” bụ otu n'ime mbọ Gmach mere na nso nso a. Ihe omume a na-achọ ichekwa na ịkwalite akwụkwọ, egwu, ịgba egwu, uri, na eserese ndị ndị mkpọrọ mepụtara n'ogige ịta ahụhụ na ghettos n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ.  Ihe na-akpali maka mmemme ahụ bụ 2018 oke agbapụ nke ndị na-efe ofufe na Pittsburgh 's Tree of Life Synagogue, karịsịa ọnwụ nke Rose Malinger, onye kasị ochie (97-yr. ochie). Agbapụ ahụ kpaliri Gmach ịzụlite mmemme na-elekwasị anya n'iji okwu nka wee dị ndụ ma wepụta ịma mma n'agbanyeghị ọnọdụ ndị siri ike.      Nzukọ a malitere na San Diego lekwasịrị anya, ma gbasaala na mba ndị ọzọ, ọkachasị France na Israel. Ihe omume nke "Anyị bụ Osisi Ndụ" na-akwado gụnyere ihe omume ịntanetị na-egosi Edith Eva Eger, onye ọkà n'akparamàgwà mmadụ na onye Hungarian mụrụ Holocaust nke onye na-agba egwú na-enyere ya aka ịlanarị. Ndị na-akwado mmemme ahụ bụ San Diego Center maka Omenala ndị Juu, USC Shoah Foundation, na Ụlọ Ọrụ Oké Mgbukpọ nke Pittsburgh. Nzukọ ahụ wepụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ akpọrọ Carry On,  nke gosipụtara ọrụ akwụkwọ, nka a na-ahụ anya, egwu, na ịgba egwu nke ndị mmadụ kpọchiri n'ogige ịta ahụhụ na ghetto n'oge oge Nazi. Ihe nkiri a gosikwara ndị na-eme ihe nkiri n'oge a na ndị isi obodo bụ ndị na-asọpụrụ ndị Mgbukpọ ahụ metụtara site n'igosi ọrụ nka ha hapụrụ. Emepụtara ihe nkiri a bụ Clint Burkett,  na ndị otu nkedo gụnyere Stephen D. Smith, Onye isi nchịkwa nke USC Shoah Foundation ; Lauren Bairns nna, onye isi ụlọ ọrụ Holocaust nke Pittsburgh;  Peter Yarrow, onye na-agụ egwú, onye na-agụ egwú, na onye na-akwado; Francesco Lotoro, onye pianist / onye na-ede egwú na onye na-arụkọ ọrụ nke Instituto di Letteratura Musicale Concentrazionara  (òtù anaghị akwụ ụgwọ nke na-echebe ma na-akwalite egwu e dere na ogige ịta ahụhụ); onye egwu egwu Pepe Romero ; na Jacqueline Semha Gmach na nwa ya nwanyị, onye na-agụ egwú na onye na-ede egwú Yael Gmach. Onye na-emepụta IMAX Alan G. Markowitz  sonyeere mgbe e mesịrị dị ka onye ndụmọdụ na onye mmepụta ihe.

### Akwụkwọ
Gmach bụ onye edemede nke "Site na Bombolini ruo Bagel: Akụkọ nke Ụwa Abụọ,"    ihe ncheta, na "Antiphonary nke Ịhụnanya: Oku nke Akwụkwọ Mpịakọta."

### Ihe nrite na nkwanye ugwu

* Onye nnata ihe nrite 2008 Marla Bennett Humanitarian 
* Onye nnata 2011 San Diego KPBS/Union Bank Hero for Jewish Education 
* San Diego Legends Project nke San Diego County Library kọwara dị ka akụkọ akụkọ San Diego 

* Juror na Ememme Nkiri Ndị Juu nke Moscow nke ise (2019)
* Onye nhazi mgbasa ozi ogbe nke San Diego State University 's Initiative for Moral Courage (IMC),  mmemme na-elekwasị anya na nnabata nke obi ike omume.
* Onye isi oru ngo maka mkpokọta akaebe Sephardi Mizrahi na Mahadum Southern California

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations