open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Tourism in the central African Republic

Central African Republicenweela mbelata nke njem nlegharị anya n'ihi esemokwu na ọgba aghara ya na nso nso a, yana enweghị nchekwa na mpaghara ụfọdụ nke mba ahụ, ọkachasị ugwu na ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ.

Njem nlegharị anya na Central African Republic (CAR) emetụtala n'ihi agha obodo na esemokwu dị na mba ndị gbara ya gburugburu.

CAR bụ mba na-enweghị mmiri na Central Africa nke nwere mmadụ 6,100,000 https://web.archive.org/web/20230603010055/https://icasees.org/index.php/regions/region-7-grand-bangui-1-425-276-hbts n'ime mpaghara nke 623,000 km2.

CAR gbara Chad gburugburu n'ebe ugwu, Sudan n'ebeebe ugwu, South Sudan n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ, Democratic Republic of the Congo na Republic of the Kongo n'ebe ndịda, na Cameroon n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ. 

Kemgbe mmalite afọ 2000, agha obodo na ọgba aghara na mpaghara ahụ emeela ka ọgba agha na enweghị nchebe na mpaghara ahụ, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-adịghị mma maka njem nleta. 

Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ọchịchị US nwere ndụmọdụ njem na-egbochi njem na CAR maka ụmụ amaala US n'ihi ihe ize ndụ nke ọgba aghara obodo na mpụ ime ihe ike. N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2007, a wakporo otu ndị na-achụ nta dị nso n'obodo Ndele ma gbuo onye na-achụrụ nta na France ma merụọ mmadụ atọ ndị ọzọ ahụ.

N'afọ 2019, mba ahụ dekọrọ ngụkọta nke ndị njem nleta 87,000 nke nọ n'ọnọdụ 174 n'ụwa.

Esemokwu mpaghara metụtakwara CAR, dịka agha obodo South Sudan na ọgụ na mba ndị gbara agbata obi. Nchekwa na mba ahụ anaghị akwụsi ike, ọkachasị na ugwu na ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ ya.

N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, gọọmentị emeela ihe iji meziwanye ọnọdụ nchekwa na mba ahụ ma nwee ọganihu ụfọdụ n'ịzụlite ụlọ ọrụ njem nlegharị anya ya. Agbanyeghị, n'ihi agha obodo na-aga n'ihu na esemokwu mpaghara, njem nlegharị anya na CAR ka dị oke.

*Njem nleta na Central African Republic*' enweela mmetụta na-adịghị mma site na akụkọ ihe mere eme ya na ọgụ na mba ndị gbara ya gburugburu. Nchekwa na mba ahụ anaghị akwụsi ike, ọkachasị na ugwu na ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ ya.

Enweghị ohere ikuku nke Central Africa Republic na-eme ka ọ bụrụ njem dị oke ọnụ.Nanị ọdụ ụgbọ elu mba ụwa bụ Bangui M'poko International Airport. Ebe ndị dị na mba ahụ na-adọrọ mmasị ndị njem gụnyere Chutes De Boali, nsụda mmiri nke ịdị elu nke 50 m (164 ft).

Ogige Ntụrụndụ Dzanga-Sangha dị na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke mba ahụ nwere ndị gorilla na enyí. Ndị Baka bi n'ógbè a. Bayanga n'akụkụ Osimiri Sangha bụ isi obodo dị nso na ogige ntụrụndụ. Obodo nta a nwere obere ụlọ ndị ọbịa na ụlọ obibi. Oge kachasị mma ileta ọtụtụ n'ime mba ahụ bụ site na Nọvemba ruo Eprel.

## Edensibia
Tourism in Comoros

Comoros enweghị ụlọ ọrụ nlegharị anya siri ike.

## Nọmba ndị njem nleta
Ọ bụ ezie na Comoros nwere ọtụtụ akụ sitere n'okike maka njem nlegharị anya, dị ka osimiri ya na gburugburu mmiri, ọ nweghị ụlọ ọrụ nlegharị anya siri ike dị ka ndị asọmpi mpaghara ya Réunion, Mauritius, na Seychelles. Ụlọ ọrụ nlegharị anya ya na-esighị ike bụ n'ihi ọnọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya na-enweghị nchebe, yana ọtụtụ ọgba aghara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'ime afọ iri atọ gara aga.

Ndị njem nlegharị anya na Comoros bụ ndị America bara ọgaranya na ndị Europe, ebe ọtụtụ n'ime itinye ego na họtel sitere na South Africa.

## Ebe ndị njem nlegharị anya
Ebe ndị njem nlegharị anya bụ isi na Comoros bụ osimiri ya, ịkụ azụ, na ọmarịcha ugwu..  Mohéli bụ ebe mara mma na-adọta ndị njem nleta. Grand Comore nwere ọdụ ụgbọ elu mba ụwa na ọtụtụ n'ime họtel ole na ole nke Comoros.

## Edensibia
Tourism in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

**Njem nleta na** **[[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]** bụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe. NdịNdị njem nlegharị anya nwere ike ịhụ anụ ọhịa, omenala ụmụ amaala, na ihe ndị dị na mbara ala adịghị ahụ ya ngwa ngwa ma ọ bụ n'ebe ọ bụla n'Africa.

N'isi obodo, Kinshasa, ohere njem nleta pere mpe dị. N'ime ogbe ndịda Kinshasa, ahịa ọdụm dị ebe ndị ọzọ na-abụghị nke doro anya, enwere ike zụta nka Congo, ihe mkpuchi agbụrụ na ngwa ahịa ndị ọzọ mara mma.. N'èzí Kinshasa bụ ebe nchekwa bonobo a na-akpọ Lola Ya Bonobo. Na Kinshasa, nleta na Osimiri Congo ma ọ bụ ogige golf obodo ma ọ bụ ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ dị n'etiti obodo nwere ike ịdị mma.

Ndị njem nleta nwere ike ịgagharị iji hụ ugwu na ala dị ala n'ọhịa, zute ndị pygmy ka na-eme ndụ ọdịnala ha n'oké ọhịa, hụ bonobos na okapi - ụdị abụọ a na-adịghị ahụkebe n'ebe ọ bụla ọzọ n'ụwa, ma rịgoro n'elu ugwu ndị na-agbọpụta ọkụ ma hụ ọdọ mmiri lava na-esi ísì ụtọ na crater nke Ugwu Nyiragongo. DRC enwetela ọgba aghara ugboro ugboro na mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ nke mba ahụ.

Njem njem onwe dị ọnụ ala na DRC karịa na Rwanda ma ọ bụ Uganda gbara agbata obi

## Ogige Ntụrụndụ Virunga
Ogige Ntụrụndụ Virunga bụ akara mba mbụ n'Africa, nke e guzobere na 1925. Ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ bụ isi ihe na-akwọ ụgbọala maka njem nleta na DRC. Ọ bụ ebe UNESCO World Heritage nke dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke DRC.

Na Mee 11, 2018, a tọọrọ ndị njem nleta Britain abụọ, onye na-elekọta ogige ntụrụndụ, na onye ọkwọ ụgbọala Congolese na Virunga National Park. E gburu onye nche ahụ mana a tọhapụrụ mmadụ atọ ndị ọzọ. Ogige Ntụrụndụ Virunga mechiri nwa oge iji dozie nchegbu nchekwa. Ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ meghere ọzọ na Febụwarị 2019. Ndị njem nleta nwere ike ịga Virunga iji nweta ikike njem gorilla ma ọ bụ ịga ije na ọdọ mmiri lava kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa, Ugwu Nyiragongo.

## Hụkwa

* Ogige Ntụrụndụ Virunga
* Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba nke Democratic Republic of the Congo

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Virunga National Park

## Ihe odide
EIM Group

EIM Group (Egyptian International Motors), nke e guzobere n'afọ 1979 bụ otu n'ime nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ ndị nwe onwe ha n'Ijipt. EIM bụ isi azụmaahịa na ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala nke ụlọ ọrụ nne ya Alkan Group. EIM Group na-arụ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ngalaba, nke gụnyere ịrụ ọrụ na nkesa nke ụgbọala, yana imepụta ngwaọrụ na-agagharị n'ala, ụgbọ ala ndị njem na ụgbọ mmiri na ngwá ọrụ ike. Eim Group nwere isi ụlọ ọrụ Mokattam, Cairo ma na-arụkọ ọrụ na Renault Egypt.

Kemgbe 2006, Egypt International Trading & Agencies Co. guzobe onwe ha dị ka onye na-ekesa Kia Motors na Egypt, nke ghọrọ onye enyemaka nke EIM Group..

## Ìgwè Alkan
Mohammed Mahoud Nosseir (onye isi oche) guzobere Alkan Group n'afọ 1974. Otu ahụ nwere ụlọ ọrụ nwanne nwanyị iri na atọ, nke sitere na ngwọta IT na ndị na-ejikọta usoro na ego, ndụmọdụ itinye ego na ịgbanye yarn nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe..

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ EIM Group
* EIM Group Linkedin
* EIM Group & Renault
* Alkan Holding (ụlọ ọrụ nne na nna nke EIM Group)
Ugandan shilling

Shilling (Swahili: **shilingi**; mkpirisi: **USh**; koodu ISO: **UGX**) bụ ego nke ndi Uganda. E kewara ya na cents ruo n'afọ puku abuo na iri na ato , n'ihi nnukwu ịrị elu nke ọnụ ahịa shilling ugbu a enweghị nkewa.

## Ihe edere
 
A na-ede ọnụahịa na shilling Ugandan n'ụdị x / y, ebe x bụ ego dị na shilling, ebe y bụ ego dịka cents. Ihe ịrịba ama hà nhata maọbụ akara na-anọchite anya ọnụ ọgụgụ efu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-ede  cents dịka "-/50" na 100 shilling dịka "100/=" maọbụ "100/-". Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-ebu ụzọ tinye mkpirisi *USh* maka ọdịiche. Ọ bụrụ na edere ego ahụ site na iji okwu na nọmba, a na-eji naanị prefix (dịka. USh nde iri).

A na-eṅomi usoro a na akara nke sterling, nke a na-ede ego na ngwakọta ụfọdụ nke pound (£), shillings (s), na pence (d, maka denarius).  N'ime akara ahụ, a na-ede ego dị n'okpuru otu pound naanị na shilling na ego pence.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Shilling mbụ nke Uganda (UGS) nọchiri shilling nke East Africa na afo otu puku nari itoolu Na iri isii na isii na par. N'ịgbaso ịrị elu dị elu, e webatara shilling ọhụrụ (UGX) na afo otu puku nari iteghete iri asato na asaa nke ruru shilling otu nari ochie.
Tunisian rial

thumb|Tunisian rial
**Rial** (French) maọbụ **piastre** bụ ego nke ndi Tunisia ruo afo 1891. E kewara ya na 16 kharub (caroub), nke ọ bụla n'ime 13 fals (burbe). E kewara ụgha ahụ n'ime  qafsi isii (burben). Nasri (asper) ruru fals abuo. A naghị enye aha ahụ na mkpụrụ ego maọbụ naanị nọmba na-egosi ya. Ụfọdụ mkpụrụ ego rial nwere nọmba n'elu mkpụrụedemede nke Arabic r, ر.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Ọ bụ Beys nke ndi Tunis wepụtara rial ahụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị Europe maara ya dịka piastre, ọ bụghị otu na Turkish kuruş, nke a makwaara dịka piaster. Site na 1855, rial dị na ọkọlọtọ bimetallic nke 1 rial = 0.17716 gram ọlaedo dị ọcha maọbụ 2.7873 gram ọlaọcha dị ọcha. N'afọ 1887, e belatara ihe dị n'ime ọla edo nke mkpụrụ ego rial 25 iji mee ka ọ hara ka 15 francs French. N'afọ 1891, e ji ọnụego ntụgharị a (nke a na-ekwukarị dịka 1 rial = 60 centimes) mee ihe mgbe franc Tunisian nọchiri rial.

## Ego igwe
Na mbido narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, e wepụtara mkpụrụ ego ọla kọpa 1, tinyere 1 nasri, 1, 2, 4 na 8 kharub, 1 na 2 rial, na *sultan* ọlaedo. E webatara mkpụrụ ego ọhụrụ na afo 1847, nke nwere ọla kọpa 1 fals,  nasri, 1⁄ na 1 kharub na ọlaọcha 2 na 5 rial denominations. N'etiti afo 1856 na 1858, e wepụtara mkpụrụ ego ọla kọpa maka 3, 6 na 13 nasri tinyere ọlaọcha 2, 4 na 8 kharub, 1, 3 na 4 rial, na ọlaedo 10, 20, 25, 40, 50, 80 na 100 rial. A na-eji ọlaedo dị ọcha emepụta mkpụrụ ego ọlaedo ahụ na mbụ, e mesịa belata ya ka ọ bụrụ .900 fineness, na 20, 40 na 80 rial denominations dị mkpụmkpụ. Mkpụrụ ego isii na iri na ato nke nasri mechara jiri nọmba Arabic "1" na "2" ("1" na "22") mee ka ọ pụta ìhè na ha ga-agbasa dịka mkpụrụ ego otu na abuo kharub, mmụba nke uru nke 1⁄2 nasri maka mkpụrụ ego 6 nke nasri. N'afọ 86, e webatara mkpụrụ ego ọla kọpa ọhụrụ na 1⁄4, 1⁄, 1, 2, 4, 8 kharub. E webatara ọlaọcha 8 kharub na ọla edo 5 rial. N'afọ 1887, e webatara mkpụrụ ego rial iri abuo na ise dị obere (lee n'elu), ya na ihe odide ọzọ "15 F" iji gosipụta nha nhata na franc French.

## Hụkwa
Otu El Alami

áká_èkpè|thumb|170x170px
El Alami Group bụ otu nke Abdelaziz El Alami Hassani guzobere (nke nwere isi na Tangier).
Taa, Abdelhouahed El Alami (onye ọka iwu site na ọrụ) na CEO Mourad El Bied na-eduzi otu ahụ. Otu ahụ lekwasịrị anya na ụlọ ọrụ iwu ụlọ.

Mgbe afọ abụọ nke stagnation gasịrị na 2006/2007, ìgwè ahụ ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ahapụ azụmahịa ya (ire Jacob Delafon, na-ahapụ Afric Industry, ...) iji malite na ụlọ ọrụ na hoteliers.

* Ọ bụ n'afọ 1950 ka Abdelaziz El Alami Hassani tọrọ ntọala nke otu ahụ. Kemgbe ahụ, ụlọ ọrụ na-ejide ya bụ onye ndu n'ahịa niile ọ na-arụ ọrụ. N'afọ 2001, ọ natara ihe nrite nke abụọ maka National Quality.

## Ihe omume

* Aluminium nke Morocco
* Mmepe nke Ala
* Onye na-enweghị isi
* SNR
* Ihe owuwu
* Ụlọ ọrụ Afrịka

## Njikọ mpụga
Ngwuputa ihe Endeavour

Endeavour Mining bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-egwupụta ihe n'ọtụtụ mba nke nwere ma na-arụ ọrụ na Côte d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso na Senegal. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụ isi na London, England, ma gafere na London Stock Exchange na United Kingdom, Toronto Stock Exchange na Canada, na Over-The-Counter na United States.  Ọ bụ akụkụ nke FTSE 100 Index.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
lọ ọrụ ahụ, nke otu ndị Neil Woodyer duziri guzobere dị ka Endeavour Financial na'afọ 988, dịgasị iche site na ego na-egwupụta ihe na ọrụ na mmalite narị afọ nke 21.

Ọ nwetara Etruscan Resources (gụnyere ebe a na-egwupụta ihe n'Agbou na Côte d'Ivoire) na June 2010.

Endeavor kwuputara na June 2017 na ọ ga-azụta Avnel Gold Mining Limited maka nde C$159.  Avnel nwere mmasị 80% na ọrụ Kalana Gold na Mali na ikike nyocha na gburugburu ar..

Woodyer kwụsịrị dị ka onye isi oche ma were Sébastien de Montessus dochie ya na Mee 2016.

N'ọnwa Julaị 2020, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwetara Semafo maka ebe a na-egwupụta ọlaedo Mana na Boungou na Burkina Faso.

N'ọnwa Febụwarị 2021, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwetara Teranga Gold Corporation maka ebe a na-egwupụta ọla edo ya na Sabodala-Massawa na Senegal na ebe a na-egwu ọla edo Wahgnion na Burkina Faso.

Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nọ n'okpuru onyinye mbụ ọha na eze na London Stock Exchange na June 2021.

## Edensibia
ENMTP

**ENMTP (nke sitere na Entreprise Nationale des Materiels de Travaux Publics) bụ ụlọ ọrụ Algerian ọkachamara na mmepe, nrụpụta na nkesa igwe eji arụ ọrụ ọha.  Ọ debanyere aha isi obodo nke ijeri 15.6 DA yana steeti nwe 100%.**

N'ịgbaso nhazi nke Sonacome na SN METAL, ụlọ ọrụ National nke ngwá ọrụ dị arọ "ENMTP" gbanwere ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ọrụ jikọtara ọnụ n'afọ 1995.

Òtù ENMTP mepụtara ihe n'okpuru ikikere ndị e nwetara n'aka ndị nrụpụta a ma ama, dị ka:

Liebherr (Germany) maka ndị na-egwu ala, crane, bulldozers na nnukwu ndị na-ebugharị. INGERSOLL RAND CO (United States) n'ọhịa nke compressors na compactors↵POTAIN (United States) maka mmepụta nke ụlọ cranes ↵Braud & Faucheux maka n'ichepụta ihe mixers↵ na ihe mepụtara na ụlọ ọrụ nkà: backhoe loaders, Graders, BTS  Pịa na obere ngwaahịa dị iche iche

A na-ewere ikike ụlọ ọrụ ENMTP Group dị ka otu n'ime ndị kasị ukwuu n'Africa. A na-ahazi ya dịka ọkachamara si dị site na usoro ngwaahịa. Nke ọ bụla nwere nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.

## Ihe owuwu
4 Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na netwọk azụmahịa na-ekpuchi Algeria. ENMTP na-ejikwa ikike mmepụta ihe nwere oke nke gụnyere ndị ọrụ 2,400 bụ ndị mepụtara ngbanwe nke US $ 60 nde na 2006, ma na-atụ anya US $ 70 nde n'afọ 2007 na ndị ọrụ 2,350 siri ike.

A na-ahazi ikike a na ụlọ ọrụ injinia na ngwaahịa ndị metụtara ya:

* Ngwá ọrụ ọha na eze (Excavators, Hydraulic Cranes, Loaders, Bulldozers...)
* Compactors na compressors
* Ngwá ọrụ ndị e ji simenti rụọ

Atụmatụ nhazigharị ENMTP na-enye akụkụ na-eduga na mmekorita ya na ndị ọrụ obodo ma ọ bụ mba ụwa, n'agbanyeghị ọkwa iwu ha.

* -Nmepụta ngwaahịa asọmpi
* -Ịgbasawanye ọwa nkesa, ọkachasị na mba ofesi
* -Nchekwa teknụzụ "mara otú".

## Njikọ
Ịkwalite mmekọrịta site na ịmepụta ụlọ ọrụ enyemaka iji: 

* -Meelite ngwaahịa na usoro mmepụta
* -Mepụta ngwaahịa asọmpi
* -Mweghachi ma melite ngwá ọrụ mmepụta
* -Kwalite ohere ịbanye n'ahịa mba ọzọ

Iwu mmekọrịta a dugara n'ịmepụta ụlọ ọrụ abụọ ọhụrụ.

* na 2012 Somatel Liebherr ka e kere na otu ndị Germany Liebherr.
* na 2013 e kere Europactor Algeria na ụlọ ọrụ Spain Europactor Aaecomhel.

## Ngwaahịa
Usoro ngwaahịa ndị ụlọ ọrụ ahụ mepụtara ugbu a gụnyere:

* Igwe Mmiri Na-egwu Ala
* Ndị na-ebugharị wiil
* Ndị na-agba ọsọ
* Ndị na-ebugharị akpụkpọ ụkwụ
* Ndị na-eme nke ọma
* Cranes ndị a na-ebugharị
* Igwe kwụ otu ebe
* Ngwá Ọrụ Nchịkọta
* Compressors kwụ otu ebe (Electric/Diesel)
* Ndị na-agwakọta ihe
* Ndị na-agba ọsọ
* Pumpụ simenti
* Ndị na-agbasa ozi

na obere na obere ụlọ ndị ọzọ.

## Hụkwa ihe ọzọ

* Sonacome
* Cirta

## Edensibia
Enterprise Group (Ghana)

Enterprise Group bụ ụlọ ọrụ mkpuchi ọsụ ụzọ Ghana.  Edepụtara ha na ndepụta ngwaahịa nke Ghana Stock Exchange, GSE All-Share Index.  Ọ na-arụ ọrụ kemgbe  afọ 1924, mgbe Ghana bụ British Gold Coast, n'okpuru aha Enterprise Insurance Company.

## Njikọ mpụga

* Nchịkọta Azụmaahịa Ghana
Etrag

**E****trag**, mkpirisi maka Entreprise Publique Economique des Tracteurs Agricoles (EPE/ETRAG/Spa), bụ **ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka** mmepe nke igwe ọrụ ugbo. E kere ya na June 29, 2009 mgbe nkewa nke EPE CMT gasịrị.

## Njikọ
Etrag mechiri mmekọrịta ụlọ ọrụ na azụmahịa na AGCO Massey Ferguson, onye ndu ụwa na mmepụta nke igwe ọrụ ugbo. Ha mepụtara na 16 August 2012 njikọ aka (njikọ) nke a na-akpọ Algerian Tractors Company ATC Spa.  Nkwekọrịta ahụ nwere ndị mmekọ obodo abụọ ETRAG nwere (36%), Pmat na (15%) na Massey Ferguson nwere (41%)..

## Ngwaahịa
Kemgbe afọ 1974, e mepụtara ihe karịrị traktọ ugbo Otu narị na iri na abụọ na ụlọ ọrụ Etrag, mgbe ọ nọ n'okpuru akara Sonacome.

### Ụdị Ndị Mgbe Ochie

* Cirta C4006 Site n'afọ 1974 ruo 1983.
* Cirta C6006 Site n'afọ 1974 ruo 2003.
* Cirta CT900 Site n'afọ 1974 ruo 2003
* Cirta CX3.70 Site n'afọ 2003 ruo 2010
* Cirta CX 100 Site n'afọ 2001 ruo 2013 (ọgbọ mbụ).

### Ihe Nlereanya Dị Mkpa

* Cirta C6807 Kemgbe afọ 1998.

## Edensibia
EUC Construction – El Hazek

EUC Construction - El Hazek bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-eduga na Cairo, Egypt.  A malitere ya n'afọ 1979, ma kpuchie ọtụtụ ọrụ gafee Ijipt niile na mpaghara Gulf nke Persian.

## Njikọ mpụga

* Official website
Europactor Algeria

**Europactor Algeria Spa**. bụ mkpụrụ nke mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ Algeria Sofare Spa.  Nke bụ enyemaka nke The Enmtp Group na ụlọ ọrụ Spanish Europactor S.L.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Na Jenụwarị afọ 2008, Enmtp malitere mkparịta ụka na Europactor S.L nke dị na Zaragoza, iji mepụta ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ nke dị na Aïn Smara Constantine, n'ọnwa Eprel nke otu afọ ahụ, a bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta nke ndị nwere òkè SOFARE Spa (60%) na Europactor L (40%). 
Na 2013 ụlọ ọrụ ahụ dị njikere wee malite ịmepụta ọtụtụ ụdị nke rollers okporo ụzọ.

## Ihe nlereanya
Ụlọ ọrụ Aïn Smara na-arụpụta ọtụtụ ụdị maka ọtụtụ ọrụ ise ụdị ise nke Single drum compactors, site na 3 ruo 20 ton, na otu ụdị compactors okpukpu abụọ drum 12 tọn, ụdị niile na-eji engines nke ọhụrụ nso nke mmiri jụrụ engines si.  ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta engine nke Oued Hamimine na Constantine.

### Okporo ụzọ rollers Single drum

* R 703
* R 712
* R 716
* R 718
* R 720

### Ụgbọ okporo ígwè Double drum

* TV-219-DT

## Ihe odide
Fountain Publishers

Fountain Publishers bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ebipụta akwụkwọ na Uganda na Rwanda. Fountain bụ onye na-ebipụta ihe mmụta, akwụkwọ na ihe ngosi ụzọ.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Ọ bụ James Tumusiime na nwunye ya malitere Fountain Publishers n'afọ 1988. Ọfịs mbụ ya dị n'elu ụlọ ikpe City Bar. Isi iyi na-arụ ọrụ naanị mmadụ anọ, nwere naanị typewriter na tebụl anọ.  Akwụkwọ mbụ ha bipụtara bụ, "Who is Who in Uganda", akwụkwọ ndekọ aha pere mpe nke ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ndị nwoke okpukperechi na ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ. Uganda afọ iri atọ, nke afọ 1992, akara nke abụọ ha na-ekwukwa. Ọ bụ akwụkwọ ncheta ọmụmụ mba dị afọ iri atọ.

## Ndị odee a ma ama
 

## Hụkwa ihe ọzọ
 

* Ndepụta ụlọ ọrụ ndị dị na Uganda

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* fountainpublishers.net, the company's official website
Tourism in Eritrea

**Njem nlegharị anya na Eritrea mejupụtara 2% nke akụ na ụba Eritrea ruo 1997. Mgbe 1998 gachara, ego a na-enweta site na njem nlegharị anya dara na otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke 1997. Na 2006 ọ mejupụtara ihe na-erughị 1% nke GDP obodo. Otu World Tourism Organisation gbakọrọ na nnata njem nlegharị anya mba ụwa na 2002 bụ naanị US $ 73 nde. Isi mmalite sitere na 2015 na-ekwu na ndị njem nlegharị anya bụ ndị isi obodo Eritrea. Enwekwara ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ ole na ole na-achọsi ike na-eleta obodo ahụ. Agbanyeghị, ụgbọ elu nke Eritrea, Eritrean Airlines, ekwebeghị ka ụgbọ elu mba ụwa n'ihi mmebi nchekwa yana mmachi nke mere ka ndị ọbịa mba ụwa dabere na ụgbọ elu dị ka Ethiopian Airlines na Turkish Airlines ga-erute obodo ahụ.**

**Njem nlegharị anya na Eritrea mejupụtara 2% nke akụ na ụba Eritrea ruo 1997. Mgbe 1998 gachara, ego a na-enweta site na njem nlegharị anya dara na otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke 1997. Na 2006 ọ mejupụtara ihe na-erughị 1% nke GDP obodo. Otu World Tourism Organisation gbakọrọ na nnata njem nlegharị anya mba ụwa na 2002 bụ naanị US $ 73 nde. Isi mmalite sitere na 2015 na-ekwu na ndị njem nlegharị anya bụ ndị isi obodo Eritrea. Enwekwara ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ ole na ole na-achọsi ike na-eleta obodo ahụ. Agbanyeghị, ụgbọ elu nke Eritrea, Eritrean Airlines, ekwebeghị ka ụgbọ elu mba ụwa n'ihi mmebi nchekwa yana mmachi nke mere ka ndị ọbịa mba ụwa dabere na ụgbọ elu dị ka Ethiopian Airlines na Turkish Airlines ga-erute obodo ahụ.**

Gọọmentị amalitela atụmatụ afọ iri abụọ iji zụlite ụlọ ọrụ njem nlegharị anya nke mba ahụ. Otú ọ dị, ọganihu nke njem nleta na-egbochi ụkọ mmiri ozuzo, ọchịchị aka ike, na agha.

## Edensibia
Evertek

thumb|Logo Evertek
**Evertek** bụ onye na-emepụta ekwentị na Tunisia. Evertek bụ akara ahịa nke Cellcom, nke n'aka nke ya bụ akụkụ nke ụlọ ọrụ Tunisia YKH Group.Malite na 2008, Evertek mepụtara ọtụtụ ekwentị mkpanaaka (Dual na triple SIM) ma na-enweta ọganihu na-aga n'ihu n'ahịa Tunisia.

N'ihe dị ka afọ 2010, ekwentị Evertek nwere òkè ahịa 10% na Tunisia, a na-erekwa ya na Morocco, France, na ụgbọ elu British Airways, KLM na Virgin Atlantic. Na Jenụwarị 2018, Evertek wepụtara smartphone V4 Nano. Na June nke afọ 2018, Evertek wepụtara smartphone ọhụrụ nke gam akporo V8 curved.

## Edensibia


## Njikọ mpụga

* (**fr**) Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị
Forminière

thumb|180x180px|Nchịkọta ụrọ na ụlọ ọrụ diamond nke Forminière na Kasai, c.1959
Société internationale forestière et minière du Congo (French; n'ụzọ nkịtị "International Forestry and Mining Company of the Congo"), nke a maara dị ka Forminière, bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-egwupụta osisi na nke na-egwuri egwu na Belgian Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo nke oge a). Jean Jadot tọrọ ntọala na 1906, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ malitere ịkụpụta diamond na Kasai na 1913. N'ịdị elu ya, Forminière na-etinye aka na ọla edo na ọlaọcha, owu, nkwụ na roba, ịkọ ugbo, ịhịa aka na ọbụna ụlọ ahịa.  Steeti colonial nke Belgium nwekọrọ pasenti 50 nke isi obodo ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, nke ndị ọzọ bụ ndị nwe oke nke America na-ejide ya.

N'oge ọ dị, site n'afọ 1913 ruo 1961, Forminière nwere naanị ya na mmepụta diamond na Kasai.

Forminière na onye na-asọmpi ya, Société minière de Beceka (Mibeka), mechara gbanwee ka ọ bụrụ "de Bakwanga" (MIBA), na-achịkwa mmepụta diamond na Belgian Congo. N'afọ 1959, mmepụta diamond nke Forminière rịrị elu ruo carats 425,234. Otú ọ dị, mgbe nnwere onwe 1960 nke Congo na ọgba aghara na mpaghara ahụ, ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ kwụsịrị n'oge na-adịghị anya. Forminière bụ onye isi ụlọ ọrụ na-akwado steeti South Kasai nke kewapụrụ onwe ya wee nweta ohere n'aka gọọmentị ya maka mgbanwe ego..

## Hụkwa
 

* Thomas Fortune Ryan
* Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-egwupụta Ihe Ndị Dị n'Ebe Ọhụrụ nke Bakwanga
* Diamang (Angola)
* Union Minera du Haut Katanga (UMHK)
* Ndịda Kasai

## Edensibia

## Akwụkwọ

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* 
* 
* Archive International Forestry and Mining Company of the Congo, Royal Museum for Central Africa
Gabon Telecom

**Gabon Telecom SA bụ ụlọ ọrụ telecom kacha na Gabon.  Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-elekọta koodu obodo nke elu-larịị ngalaba, .ga**. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ ihe dị ka akara ala 35,000, na enyemaka ekwentị ya, Libertis, nwere ndị ahịa 200,000. N'afọ 2007, Maroc Telecom nwetara 51% nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ n'aka gọọmentị Gabon. Na June 2018, Gabon Telecom malitere ihe ngwọta APS iji chebe adreesị IP 400,000.

## Edensibia
Radio Télévision Gabonaise

**Radio** Télévision Gabonaise (**RTG**) bụ ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi mba nke steeti Gabon nke Central Africa. Radio Télévision Gabonaise nwere isi ụlọ ọrụ na isi obodo Gabon, Libreville.

E guzobere ya na 28 Nọvemba 1959 site na mmalite nke Radio-Gabon. Mgbasa ozi telivishọn malitere na 9 Mee 1963 site na ọwa nke atọ na Libreville ebe na Nọvemba 1965 e meghere ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ na Port-Gentil (ọwa 10). Ụlọ ọrụ telivishọn ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ na Franceville.

A na-arụ nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ redio na Oyem.  Redio Télévision Gabonaise nwetara mkpuchi redio na mba na ngwụcha afọ 1980 site na netwọk nke ọdụ ụgbọ ala pere mpe.

A gbanwere aha ahụ n'afọ 2012 ka ọ bụrụ **Gabon Télévision** .

## Hụkwa ihe ọzọ

* Mgbasa ozi nke Gabon

## Edensibia


* Adreesị Lyngsat
Groupe L'Avenir

Groupe L'Avenir bụ otu mgbasa ozi nke Democratic Republic of the Congo.  Pius Mwabilu Mbayu tọrọ ntọala ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na 1994, onye na-anọgide taa dị ka onye isi ya.  Otu a nwere ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi, ma nwee ụlọ ọrụ ibu na DRC na South Africa.  Otu a hibere na Kinshasa.

## Ọrụ ha
Ụlọ ọrụ L'Avenir gụnyere:

**Mgbasa ozi**

* L'Avenir - akwụkwọ akụkọ kwa ụbọchị
* L'Avenir.net
* Le Collimateur - kwa izu
* Mbipụta RTGA
* Redio Television Group Avenir - "RTG@"

**Ụgbọ mmiri**

* Ụgbọ mmiri RTGA
* RTGA Ụgbọ Mmiri South Africa

## Edensibia

* (in French) French Wikipedia article Groupe L'Avenir

## Njikọ mpụga
Halco Mining

Halco Mining bụ ụlọ ọrụ aluminum nke dị na Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (USA). A haziri ụlọ ọrụ ahụ n'okpuru iwu nke steeti Delaware na United States.  Halco bụ onye nwe pasenti iri ise na otu nke ngwaahịa nke Compagnie des Bauxites de Guinée, isi aluminum mine na smelter na Guinea, nke a maara dị ka **CBG**.

Ụlọ ọrụ Harvey Aluminium Company guzobere njikọ ahụ na 1962 iji gwuo ego bauxite na mpaghara Boké. Halco/CBG nwere ikike nke mine bauxite na mpaghara 10,000 square kilomita nke ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Guinea n'okpuru mgbazinye afọ iri asaa na ise ruo n'afọ 2038..

## Òtù ndị metụtara ya
Ụlọ ọrụ ndị a nwere ngwaahịa Halco:

* Alcoa - 45%
* Ìgwè Rio Tinto - 45%
* Dadco Investments Limited - 10%

## Hụkwa Ihe Ọzọ

* Aluminium na Africa
* Aluminium na Guinea
* Ebe a na-anọ

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Mmanụ ala Halco
* Peeji CBG na Halco
* MBendi:Mining:Bauxite:Guinea
Groupe Mabrouk

Groupe Mabrouk (مجموعة المبروك) bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ere ahịa nke Tunisia.  Ọ na-arụ ụlọ ahịa SNMVT Monoprix na Géant, n'okpuru ikike sitere na Groupe Casino.  Ọ bụ otu n'ime nnukwu ụlọ ahịa atọ na Tunisia. N'afọ 2007, ọ nwere òkè ahịa 38% na Tunisia. Na Nọvemba 2023, a tụrụ Marwane Mabrouk, onye isi otu ahụ, mkpọrọ dịka akụkụ nke nyocha maka nrụrụaka ego na njikwa nke ụlọ ọrụ steeti Tunisia weghaara.

## Edensibia
Gambia Telecommunications Company

**Gambia Telecommunications Company Ltd**., nke Gamtel makwaara maka mkpirikpi, bụ isi ụlọ ọrụ nkwukọrịta nke Gambia.  Ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ steeti, nke a na-ahụ maka ọrụ nke ilekọta inye nkwukọrịta na ọrụ ịntanetị na mba ahụ. Na njikọ ya na ụlọ ọrụ ịntanetị Gamtel, Gamnet, ọ wuru ihe owuwu ịntanetị nke Gambia. E guzobere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na 1984 site n'omume nke ndị omeiwu dị ka otu onye na-enye ọrụ nkwukọrịta na mba ahụ, na ngwaahịa ya 99% nke gọọmentị Gambia, na 1% fọdụrụnụ nke Gambia Port Authority. N'afọ 1993, ọ malitere ọrụ nke ịmepụta Gambia Radio & Television Service, ụlọ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ redio na telivishọn nke mba ahụ. Gamtel na-ewe ihe karịrị mmadụ otú puku ugbu a yana isi ụlọ ọrụ ya dị na Gamtel House na Banjul..

N'afọ 2007, ewerere 50% nke nha nha nha ya rere ya nye Spectrum Group, ụlọ ọrụ nkwukọrịta nke Lebanon, n'ihi nsogbu ego na Gamtel n'afọ 2007.  Njikọ a bịara na njedebe ka otu afọ gachara, mgbe Gamtel jụrụ imeghari nkwekọrịta njikwa Spectrum.  Ọ bụghị ihe doro anya ma ọ bụrụ na Spectrum ka nwere akụkụ dị mkpa nke Gamtel.

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Gambia Telecommunications Company (Gamtel) (ebe gọọmentị na-ahụ maka ya)
* Ụlọ ọrụ ekwentị Gamcel
* Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Nkwurịta Okwu, Ozi na Nkà na Ụzụ Ozi DOSCIT
* AllAfrica, The Banjul Daily Observer, isiokwu 'Gambia: New Interim Board for Gamtel' nke dị na 2 Disemba 2008, nke e nwetara na 24 Jenụwarị 2009
* Cipaco, isiokwu 'The Gambia: Gamtel paves the way to cyberspace Archived  at the Wayback Machine' 31 Ọgọst 2006, weghachiri Jenụwarị 24 2009
Ghana National Gas Company

Ụlọ ọrụ Ghana National Gas bụ ụlọ ọrụ steeti nwere ikike ịrụ ọrụ akụrụngwa achọrọ maka mkpokọta, nhazi, ibufe na ịzụ ahịa akụrụngwa gas na Ghana.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Gọọmentị Ghana guzobere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na July 2011.

## Hụkwa Ihe Ọzọ
 

* Atuabo
* Ụlọ Ọrụ Gas Atuabo

## Edensibia
Ụgbọelu Guine Bissau (2002)

Guine Bissau Airlines bụ ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ elu dị na Guinea-Bissau . E guzobere ya n'afọ 2002 ma wepụ ya ọzọ n'afọ 2003.

## Edensibia
Ụlọ ọrụ mmanya Guinness Ghana

**Guinness Ghana Breweries** bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta mmanya na Ghana nke e guzobere n'afọ 1960. Ọ dị na Kaase Industrial Area na Kumasi.

A na-edepụta Guinness Ghana Breweries na ndepụta ngwaahịa nke Ghana Stock Exchange, GSE All-Share Index.  Na mmalite ya, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ mepụtara naanị Guinness Foreign Extra Stout, nke a maara dị ka Guinness.  Ebe nchekwa mbụ dị n'otu ebe yana ụlọ ahịa dị na mba ahụ karịsịa na ndịda.

Na Accra, ha nọ na ụlọ mbụ nke Achimota Brewery Company na Achimota, [3] nke bụ n'ezie Tata Brewery Ltd nke onye ama ama ama ama ama ama ama ama ama ama ama ama ama ama ama ama ama ama ama Ghana JK Siaw..

## Akara
Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-emepụta ngwaahịa ndị a:

* Malta Guinness
* Star Beer
* Osisi Orijin
* Smirnoff
* Alvaro
* Gulder
* Guinness
* Odehye3

## Nkwado
N'abalị ise n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2022, ndị Ghana Football Association kwupụtara nkwado aha ha na Malta Guinness maka Ghana Women's Premier League nke ruru nde GH¢10 (gbanwee aha league ahụ ka ọ bụrụ *Malta Guinness Women's Premiere League*) maka afọ atọ site na oge afọ 2022-23 gaa n'ihu.

## Njikọ mpụga

* Guinness Ghana Breweries na African-select
* Guinness Ghana Breweries na Alacrastore
* Guinness Ghana Breweries

## Edensibia
Hamoud Boualem

**Hamoud Boualem** bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ihe ọṅụṅụ na-atọ ụtọ na Algeria, na-emepụta mmanya na-atọ ọchị na Algeria ma na-ebupụ ya na France, United Kingdom, na Canada, karịsịa maka oriri nke ndị Algeria na-akwaga. Tọrọ ntọala na 1878 site na ụlọ nke ụlọ ọrụ mbụ ya na mpaghara Belcourt nke Algiers, ọ bụ otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ kacha ochie nke obodo.  ), na ụdị sirop dị iche iche.  Isi ụlọ ọrụ ha dị na 201 rue Hassiba Ben Bouali, Algiers.
alt=A bottle of Hamoud in Algiers in 2012|thumb|Otu karama nke Hamoud na Algiers n'afọ 2012

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Youssef Hammoud, onye na-emepụta ihe ọṅụṅụ na-atọ ụtọ site n'ọrụ, biri na mpaghara Belcourt ma mepụta lemonade, nna nna nke ihe nnọchianya ahụ bụ La Blanche.
"La Royale", nke e ji ihe lemon ahọpụtara aka mee, meriri ihe nrite ọla edo, nke a na-akpọ Hors concours, na Paris World Fair.
O mechara nweta ọtụtụ nrite ọla edo na ọlaọcha.  Ihe ọṅụṅụ a, nke a maara taa dị ka SELECTO bụ akụkụ nke ihe nketa njirimara Algeria.↵1920↵Boualem Hammoud, nwa nwa Youssef, debanyere aha ụghalaahia ma gbanwee aha ụlọ ọrụ ahụ site na «Hamoud & Sons» ka ọ bụrụ «Hamoud Boualem & Cie».  Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ ka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ kwagara Hassiba Ben Bouali Street, ugbu a isi ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.  Taa akara Slim nwere ntụaka ise (lemon, oroma, apụl green, painiapulu na ilu). Ezinụlọ Hamoud na Hafiz na-ejikọ aka.↵Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gbanwere ọnọdụ wee ghọọ LLC.  Ọkpụkpọ PET nke na-emecha oke iko nwere ike ịlọghachi.

Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-emeghewanye ahịa mbupụ.
Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-emeghe ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ ya na Boufarik (wilaya nke Blida) iji mụbaa ikike mmepụta ya ma si otú a, gboo mkpa na-arịwanye elu.
Can, nke e wepụtara n'afọ 2017, na-eweta ume ọhụrụ na ume ọhụrụ na akara a karịrị afọ narị.

N'afọ 2020, a malitere PET na 33cl na 1L ikike.

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị
* Agha nke ihe ọṅụṅụ na Algeria
Taxi Hargeisa

**Hargeisa Taxi** bụ ụlọ ọrụ tagzi nke dị na Hargeisa, isi obodo Somaliland. E guzobere ya n'afọ 2012, ọ nwere ìgwè nke obere ụgbọala anọ na obere ụgbọala asaa, na mgbakwunye na ihe dị ka ụgbọala 19 ndị ọzọ. Ngwa GPS nke ụlọ ọrụ Sahal Technology arụnyere na-enye ohere ka ụlọ ọrụ izipu ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri nyochaa tagzi ya iji hụ na ha na-aga n'ime oke ọsọ.  Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwekwara ike gbanyụọ ụgbọala ndị ahụ n'ịntanetị ma ọ bụrụ na a na-ezu ohi.

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta ụlọ ọrụ nke Somaliland
* Njem na Somalia

## Edensibia
Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie nke Ógbè Hargeisa

E guzobere Hargeisa Provincial Museum (**HPM**) n'afọ 1977 na Hargeisa, nke dị na mpaghara Maroodi Jeex na Somaliland. Ọ bụ ebe ngosi nka mbụ e guzobere na mba ahụ kemgbe nnwere onwe n'afọ 1960.

## Ntọala
N'etiti 1970s, otu omenala siri ike bilitere na Hargeisa.  Mmegharị a bụ ihe mere e ji guzobe ihe ngosi nka.  Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka bụ akụkụ nke ebe ọdịnala dị n'obodo ahụ nke nwere ụlọ ihe nkiri, ọbá akwụkwọ na ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie.  Ụlọ ahụ nwere mgbanaka mgbanaka abụọ nwere ebe nzukọ na ọnụ ụlọ ngosi nwa oge.  Ụlọ okirikiri dị n'etiti ahụ sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ "mundul" bụ ụlọ ọdịnala nke ndị ọrụ ugbo Somalia ji eme ihe.  Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka dị 650 m2 buru ibu ma onye ọrụ nkwekọrịta mpaghara, Osman Dahir Adan chebere ma wuo ya.

## Nchịkọta
Mgbe emeghere ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na 1977, ọ nwere ihe ngosi ethnographic, ọtụtụ n'ime akụkụ ndị bi na Hargeisa nyere onyinye. Ihe ndị ahụ gosipụtara na kọbọd abụọ dị mita 20 n'ogologo na-enweghị iko ọ bụla, otu n'ime ụlọ nzukọ ọ bụla. E nwere naanị ndị na-eje ozi abụọ, onye na-elekọta ubi na nwanyị na-ehicha ihe na ma nchịkọta na ụlọ malitere imebi n'oge na-adịghị anya. A malitere imezigharị ya n'afọ 1981. Ewubere nnukwu ihe ngosi abụọ ahụ ebe a kwaturu na obere 23 nwere iko.  A na-etinye ụgbụ n'ihu windo, na-agbagharị ụlọ ahụ ma kpochaa nchịkọta ahụ.  Na mbụ ọ dị ihe dị ka 4,000 ihe ngosi.  Otú ọ dị, ihe ngosi ọhụrụ ahụ belatara ihe dị ka ihe dị ka 1.400, na-etinye ihe ndị ọzọ na nchekwa.  Emere ihe ngosi pụrụ iche maka ngwa agha Sayyid Mohammed Abdullah Hassan na ndị ikom ya ji mee ihe n'etiti afọ 1901 na 1921.

## Mbibi
E bibiri ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie ahụ kpamkpam n'ihi mgbukpọ agbụrụ nke Isaaq na 1988.

## Ihe owuwu ụlọ
A na-arụzigharị ụlọ ahụ ma na-eme atụmatụ ịrụcha ya n'afọ 2012.

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na Somaliland

## Edensibia
Egwuregwu Akwụkwọ Mba Nile nke Hargeisa

The Hargeisa International Book Fair (HIBF) (Somali: Bandhigga International ah ee Buugaagta Hargeysa) bụ mmemme omenaala na-eme kwa afọ na Republic of Somaliland.  Ọ bụ otu n'ime ihe ngosi akwụkwọ ọha kacha ukwuu na mpi Afrịka.  N'oge okpomọkụ ọ bụla, HIBF na-ebute ndị edemede, ndị na-ede uri, ndị na-ese ihe na ndị na-eche echiche sitere na Somaliland na ndị si n'akụkụ ụwa nile na-ezukọ iji kesaa ma soro ndị na-ege ntị buru ibu kparịta ihe ngosi nka na edemede ha. Ebumnuche bụ isi nke emume a bụ ịkwalite ọdịbendị nke ịgụ na ide ihe na mpaghara ahụ site na ịmepụta na ibipụta akwụkwọ Somalia dị elu na ịsụgharị akwụkwọ ọdịnala mba ụwa (gụnyere akụkọ ifo, uri na ihe nkiri) n'asụsụ Somali. N'ịbụ nke Redsea Online Culture Foundation haziri, ihe omume ahụ na-ezube ime ka ndị na-eto eto nwee ike ịnweta ihe nketa ọdịbendị dịgasị iche iche, na ebumnuche nke ịkpali mmeghachi omume nke ụdị nka na ngosipụta mmadụ niile, gụnyere eserese, ịgụ abụ, ịkọ akụkọ, ihe nkiri na ederede.
thumb|12th Hargeysa International Book Fair (20-25 July 2019)

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Ọ bụ Jama Musse Jama, onye na-eje ozi dị ka onye nduzi, meghere Hargeisa International Book Fair na 2008. Ọ toro site na ndị sonyere 200 ruo 10,000 n'ime afọ isii sochirinụ.

### Ihe ọ pụtara
HIBF na-elekwasị anya ọ bụghị naanị ndị na-eto eto na-ege ntị, kamakwa akụkụ nke ọha mmadụ.  Ọ na-achọ inye aka n'ịkwalite nghọta omenala, ndidi, ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, na inwe ekele maka ọdịbendị na akwụkwọ dị iche iche nke Somalia.  N'ime afọ ole na ole gara aga, mmemme Redsea Online Culture Foundation enyerela aka ịkwalite ọkwa ịgụ na ide na mpaghara Somaliland, ma jikọtakwa ndị ntorobịa sitere na mpaghara dị iche iche na mpaghara ahụ.  Ebumnuche bụ isi nke ihe ngosi akwụkwọ ahụ bụ ịkwalite echiche siri ike nke omenala na ide ihe okike, iji kwado omume ịgụ akwụkwọ, igosi akwụkwọ, site na mpaghara ma ndị edemede na mba ọzọ, ịgba ndị òtù ọha ume ka ha chọgharịa, gụọ, soro ndị na-ede akwụkwọ na-akpakọrịta.  na-eje ozi dị ka ihe mkpali nye ndị na-eto eto, na ọha mmadụ.

### Ihe omume ndị na-aga n'ihu na ọrụ jikọrọ aka
Ọbá akwụkwọ na-akpụ akpụ nke Somaliland: Njem nlegharị anya n'ọbá akwụkwọ na-akpụ akpụ bụ mmemme mgbasa ozi flagship nke akwụkwọ ngosi.  Ihe na-akpali akpali, ọ na-ewere ọnọdụ otu izu tupu mmeghe nke ememme ahụ na Hargeisa ma na-eme n'ofe mpaghara niile nke Somaliland.  Ọ na-achọ iweta ụkpụrụ na ụkpụrụ nke Akwụkwọ ngosi - nke ụmụ amaala na nnwere onwe okike - nso na ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ na ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ na-achọsi ike n'èzí obodo ahụ.

## Ndị ọbịa na isiokwu

## Hụkwa

* Akwụkwọ Somalia

## Ihe edeturu

## Edensibia

* Akwụkwọ ozi si Somaliland
* Ihe ngosi akwụkwọ Somaliland: Ebe obi ụtọ na ịdị jụụ
* Financial Times Reporting Back site na Kathrine Manson
* Na foto: Somalia na-agba ara na akwụkwọ
* UKinSomalia na mmeghe

## Njikọ mpụga

* Official website
* Ihe omume 2010
* Ihe omume 2014
* Ihe omume 2015
Ndepụta ndị mmadụ sitere na steeti African Union

**Ndepụta ndị mmadụ sitere na steeti ndị otu mba Africa bụ ndepụta nke ndị si na steeti ọ bụla nke African Union.**

## Ndepụta mkpụrụ akwụkwọ
Nkwupụta Abuja (2001)

Abuja Declarations and Frameworks for Action on Roll Back Malaria bụ nkwa ndị otu African Union mere n'afọ 2001 n'oge nzukọ na Abuja, Nigeria. N'ime ya, mba ndị otu ahụ kwere nkwa ịbawanye mmefu ego ahụike ha ka ọ dịkarịa ala 15% nke mmefu ego nke steeti, ma rịọ mba ndị na-enye onyinye Western ka ha nwekwuo nkwado ha. N'ịgbaso ọganihu nke mgbalị ndị ahụ, Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa kọrọ n'afọ 2010 na ọ bụ naanị otu mba Afrịka ruru ihe mgbaru ọsọ ahụ, ebe 26 mụbara mmefu ahụike na 11 belatara ya. Mmadụ itoolu ndị ọzọ enwebeghị ihe ọjọọ ma ọ bụ ihe dị mma.

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Abuja+12
Nkwupụta Abuja (1989)

**Nkwupụta Abuja** bụ aha a na-enyekarị nkwupụta e wepụtara mgbe nzukọ Islam na Africa nke e mere na Abuja, Naịjirịa n'etiti 24 na 28 Nọvemba 1989. Mgbakọ ahụ bụ nke Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) (nke a na-akpọ Organisation of Islamic cooperation) Conference haziri ma kweta iguzobe Islam in Africa Organisation (IAO).

## Nkwupụta
Nkwuwapụta a bụ na ndị Alakụba kwesịrị ịdị n'otu n'Africa dum, usoro ọmụmụ na "ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ dị iche iche" kwesịrị ikwekọ n'echiche ndị Alakụba, agụmakwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị kwesịrị ịga, nkuzi Arabic kwesịrị ịgba ume, na ndị Alakụba kwesịrị ịkwado mmekọrịta akụ na ụba.  na mpaghara islam n'ụwa niile.  O kwuru na ndị Alakụba nọ n'Afrịka anapụọla ikike ha ga-achị n'okpuru iwu Sharia na ha kwesịrị ịgbasi mbọ ike iweghachi ya.. E guzobere Islam in Africa Organisation [nl] n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro na July 1991, kwa na Abuja ma kwupụta ebumnuche ya.

## Nkwupụta
John Chesworth (onye nduzi nke Islam na Christian-Muslim mmekọrịta na St Paul's United Theological College, Limuru, Kenya) na John Azumah (onye isi nyocha, Akrofi-Christaller Memorial Center, Ghana) enyochala usoro na ogbako ahụ. Banyere mkpebi ịmepụta IAO, Heather Deegan (onye nkuzi dị elu na Comparative Politics, Mahadum Middlesex) kwuru "N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, Islam anabatala ọnọdụ nnwere onwe, na-egosi onwe ya dị ka okpukpe nke ga-ezu ike mba site na mpaghara ha na-achị ala ma na-eleghara eziokwu ahụ anya na ọ bụkwa ike mmeri na-achị n'Africa n'oge *ogologo oge*". The East African Center for Law and Justice na-akọ nkwupụta ahụ n'ụzọ ziri ezi mana ọ na-aga n'ihu na-ekwu na e wepụrụ ya na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ IAO. Ọ na-akatọkwa ihe ọ na-ewere dị ka ezigbo ebumnuche nke IAO.Raphael O Duru (Onye nduzi oru ngo, Voice Your Vote Nigeria, Nigeria) 

## Nkwupụta ọzọ
N'afọ 1990, e wepụtara nkwupụta ọzọ na-ekwu na ọ sitere na nzukọ 1989 na nke Frans Wijsen (prọfesọ nke Iso Ụzọ Kraịst Ụwa na Mmekọrịta Okpukpe na Mahadum Radboud Nijmegen) weere dị ka ihe adịgboroja n'ihi na ọ naghị adaba na nkwupụta e mere na nzukọ ahụ. Banyere Africa, o kwuru, n'etiti ihe ndị ọzọ, na ọ bụ naanị ndị Alakụba ka a ga-ahọpụta n'ọkwá dị mkpa, okpukpe ndị na-abụghị ndị Alakụba kwesịrị ikpochapụ, Nigeria kwesịrị ịghọ Federal Islamic Sultanate, na iwu ọdịda anyanwụ kwesịrị iji sharia dochie ya.  Wijsen na-ele nke a anya dị ka ihe na-egosi akụkụ dị egwu nke Islam na Africa ma kwuo na akụkụ ụfọdụ na-emegide ozizi Alakụba.

## Edensibia

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

*
West African CFA franc

thumb|West African CFA franc
 

West African **CFA franc** (French: franc CFA maọbụ nanị franc, ISO 4217 koodu: **XOF**; mkpụmkpụ: F.CFA) bụ ego nke mba asatọ nwere onwe ha na West Afrika nke mejupụtara West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA; Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine): Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal na Togo. Mba asatọ a nwere ngụkọta nke nde mmadụ 105.7 na afo 2014, na ngụkọta GDP nke US $ 128.6 ijeri (dịka Mgbe afo 2018).

Mmalite CFA na-anọchite anya Communauté Financière Africaine ("African Financial Community").  Ọ bụ Central Bank nke ndi West Afrikan States (BCEAO; Banque Centrale des États de l'Afrique de l'Ouest), nke dị na Dakar, Senegal, na-enye ego ahụ maka ndị otu UEMOA. A na-ekewa franc ahụ n'ime 100 cents mana ọ nweghị mkpụrụ ego ma maọbụ akwụkwọ ego a na-akpọ na cents.  A na-emepụtakeazi akwụkwọ CFA franc na mkpụrụ ego na Chamalières site na Bank of France kemgbe e guzobere ya na afo otu puku nari itoolu iri ano Na ise (1945).

Franki CFA nke Central Afrika nwere uru hà nhata na franc CFA nke West Afrika, ma na-ekesa ya n'ọtụtụ steeti etiti Afrika. A na-akpọkarị ha abụọ CFA franc.

N'ọnwa Disemba nke afọ 2019, a mara ọkwa na a ga-agbanwe franc CFA nke West Afrika, nke ga-agụnye ịgbanwe aha ya na ibelata ọrụ France na ego ahụ.  Obodo akụ na ụba nke West African States (ECOWAS), nke ndị otu UEMOA bụkwa ndị otu ya, na-eme atụmatụ iwebata ego nke ya maka mba ndị otu ya site na afo 2027, nke ha nabatakwara aha eco maka ya.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
West African Unit of Account

**WAUA** bụ ego West African Unit of Account. Nke a bụ ego nke mpaghara nke ndi West Afrika

## mgbanweỌnụego

## Edensibia
Zaire

thumb|Zaire
 

Zaire (French: zaïre, koodu ZRZ, ZRN) bụ otu ego nke ndi Democratic Republic of the Congo na nke Republik of **Zaire** site na afo otu puku nari iteghete iri isii na asaa (1967) ruo otu puku nari iteghete iri itoolu na asaa (1997). Ha niile ma e wezụga isii n'ime usoro akwụkwọ ego iri asaa Na iteghete e wepụtara nwere onyinyo nke Mobutu Sese Seko. ego abụọ dị iche iche adịla: Zaire (1967-1993, ZRZ), na nouveau *zaïre* (1993-1998, ZRN).

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme

### Zaire (1967-1993)
 
E webatara Zaire (French), akara: "Z", maọbụ mgbe ụfọdụ "Xia", na 1967, na-anọchi *franc* Congolese na ọnụego mgbanwe nke otu Zaire = otu puku francs. E kewara zaire n'ime otu nari ego (otu: *likuta*, akara: "K"), nke ọ bụla n'ime otu narị *sengi* (ihe nnọchianya: "s"). Otú ọ dị, sengi bara uru nke ukwuu ma naanị mkpụrụ ego sengi a kpọrọ aha bụ mkpụrụ ego iri sengi nke e wepụtara na afo 1967. N'ụzọ a na-adịghị ahụkebe maka ego ọ bụla, ọ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị ide ego na zeros atọ mgbe ọnụọgụ iri gasịrị, ọbụlagodi mgbe ịrị elu nke ọnụ ahịa mere ka ego ahụ belata nke ukwuu. Mmụba nke ọnụ ahịa mesịrị mee ka ewepụta akwụkwọ ego ruru 5,000,000 zaires, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, e webatara zaire ọhụrụ.

#### Akụkọ ihe mere eme
E webatara zaire na ubicuo 23 Juun n’afo 1967, na ọnụego nke otu zaire = otu puku Congolese francs = otu nari Belgian francs. Nke a na-enye ọnụego mgbanwe nke US $ abuo 2 kwa zaire.
Moroccan dirham

thumb|Moroccan dirham
 

Moroccan dirham (Arabic, romanized: , Moroccan Arabic: درهم, : **derhem**; asụsụ Berber: XVI, : ; akara: **DH**; koodu: **MAD**) bụ ego gọọmentị nke Obodo Morocco. Ọ bụ ulo aku Al-Maghrib, ụlọ akụ etiti nke obodo Morocco na-ewepụta ya. A na-ekewa otu dirham Moroccan n'ime otu nari *santimat* (otu: santim; Arabic).

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Okwu *dirham* sitere na ego Grik, *drachma*. Idrissid dirham, mkpụrụ ego ọlaọcha, mepụtara na obodo Morocco n'okpuru usoro ndị eze Idrisid site na narị afọ nke asato ruo nke iri.

Tupu ewebata mkpụrụ ego nke oge a na afo 1882, obodo Morocco wepụtara mkpụrụ ego ọla kọpa a na-akpọ *falus*, mkpụrụ ego ọlaọcha a na-enye *dirham*, na mkpụrụ ego ọla edo a na-ede *benduqi*. Site na afo 1882, dirham ghọrọ nkewa nke Moroccan rial, na Mazunas nari ise =  dirham iri = otu rial.

Mgbe ọtụtụ n'ime obodo Morocco ghọrọ ndị France na-echebe na afo 1912 ọ gbanwere na franc Moroccan. E weghachiri dirham na oge 16 Ọktoba 1960. Ọ nọchiri franc dị ka isi ego ma, ruo 1974, franc nọgidere na-agagharị, na otu dirham = otu nari francs. N'afọ 1974, centime nọchiri Anya franc.

## Mkpụrụ ego igwe
N'afọ 1960, e webatara mkpụrụ ego ọlaọcha otu dirham. Mkpụrụ ego nickel otu dirham na ọlaọcha ise dirham sochiri ha na afo 1965. N'afọ 1974, site na iwebata santim, e webatara mkpụrụ ego ọhụrụ na ụdị otu, ise, iri, iri abuo na iri ise santimat na mkpụrụ ego otu na dirham ise. Mkpụrụ ego otu santim bụ aluminum, ise ruo iri na abuo santimat bụ ndị e ji ọla mee, na okpukpu atọ kachasị elu na cupro-nickel. A gbakwunyere mkpụrụ ego ọhụrụ cupro-nickel ise dirham na afo 1980 ma gbanwee ya ka ọ bụrụ mkpụrụ ego abụọ na afo 1987.  Mkpụrụ ego abụọ ahụ nwere akara afọ abụọ maka ụbọchị mbipụta - 1987 na kalenda Gregorian na afo 1407 na kalenda Islam.

A na-emepụta  santim naanị ruo afo 1987 mgbe ewepụtara atụmatụ ọhụrụ, na 1⁄2 dirham na-anọchi santimat iri ise n'agbanweghị nha maọbụ ihe mejupụtara. Mkpụrụ ego dirham ise ọhụrụ bụ bimetallic, dị ka mkpụrụ ego dirham iri nke e webatara na afo 1995. E webatara mkpụrụ ego Cupro-nickel dirham abuo n'afọ 2002. N'afọ 2012, e wepụtara usoro mkpụrụ ego ọhụrụ, na mkpụrụ ego dirham ise na iri na-eji onyinyo zoro ezo dịka njirimara nchebe.
Moroccan franc

thumb|Moroccan franc
Franc (Arabic) bụ ego nke ndi Obodo **French** Morocco site na afo 1921. Ọ ghọrọ ego nke Morocco niile na afo 1957 ma gbasaa ruo afo 1974. E kewara ya na cents otu nari (Arabic).

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Tupu Agha Ụwa Mbụ, rial Moroccan ruru French francs ise. Otú ọ dị, mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, ọnụ ahịa franc dara, nke mere na mgbe franc nọchiri rial, ọ dị na ọnụego nke francs iri = otu rial. Franc Moroccan hà nhata na franc French. Mgbe Obodo Spanish Morocco jikọtara ya na Morocco ndị ọzọ, franc nọchiri peseta Spanish na ọnụego nke otu peseta =  francs iri.

N'afọ 1960, e webatakwara dirham. E kewara ya na otu nari francs. A gbanwere franc dịka nkewa nke dirham site na centime na afo 1974.

## Mkpụrụ ego igwe
thumb| 1924 Moroccan 25 cents, na akara nzuzo Thunderbolt.
N'afọ 1921, e webatara mkpụrụ ego n'okpuru ọchịchị Yusuf, na iri abuo na ise na  centimes iri ise na otu franc. centimes iri abuo na ise bụ mkpụrụ ego nwere oghere, cupro-nickel, ma na-abịa na ụdị akara nzuzo atọ: enweghị akara nzuzo, nke e mepụtara na afo 1921 na Obodo Paris, akara nzuzo nke égbè eluigwe nke e mebiri na afo 1924 na Poissy, na akara nzuzo nke e mepere na afo 1924 na poissy. E mepụtara centimes iri ise na franc na afo 1921 na Obodo Paris, na afo 1924 na Poissy na akara nzuzo nke égbè eluigwe. 
thumb| Otu AH1370 Moroccan 5 francs na Gem Uncirculated.
N'afọ 1928, n'okpuru ọchịchị Mohammed V, e webatara mkpụrụ ego ọlaọcha ise, iri na iri abuo francs. A na-emepụta mkpụrụ ego ndị a, na mkpụrụ ego niile na-esonụ, na Paris. N'agbata afọ 1945 na 1947, e wepụtara mkpụrụ ego aluminum-bronze  centimes iri ise, otu, abuo na ise francs na cupro-nickel iri na iri abuo francs. Mkpụrụ ego ọhụrụ ọzọ sochiri n'etiti afo 1951 na 1953 na denominations nke otu, abuo na ise francs na aluminum, 10, 20 na 50 francs na aluminium-bronze, na ọlaọcha 100 na 200 francs. E wepụtara mkpụrụ ego ọlaọcha 500 francs na afo 1956. E mepụtara mkpụrụ ego nke 1951 na 1952 nke dị na 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 na 50 francs n'enweghị mgbanwe nke ụbọchị ruo afo 1974, mgbe e ji santim dochie ha. 

Ihe ndị a na-adịghị ahụkebe n'oge a gụnyere KM#51a, mkpụrụ ego AH1371 50 francs na ọlaedo (a na-emekarị ya na Aluminum-Bronze).) Ihe ọzọ dị ụkọ bụ KM#A54, mkpụrụ ego AH1370 100 francs nke e ji ọlaọcha mee. Krause na-ekwu na e mepụtara nde 10 nke mkpụrụ ego ndị a, mana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ha niile gbazere. Taa, ọ bụ naanị otu nari ka a maara. (dịka akwụkwọ Krause Mishler si kwuo) 

A na-amata mkpụrụ ego igwe niile n'ụzọ dị mfe dịka mkpụrụ ego nke oge French Moroccan site na ọnụnọ nke akụkọ "Empire Cherifien" maọbụ akụkọ "Moroc". Mkpụrụ ego niile ga-enwe otu akụkọ maọbụ nke ọzọ, na mgbe mgbe ha abụọ. Mkpụrụ ego niile ga-enwekwa maọbụ pentagram maọbụ ụdị hexagram nke akara Solomọn gosipụtara n'ụzọ pụtara ìhè na ngwaọrụ, na mgbe ụfọdụ ha abụọ.

## Akwụkwọ ego
Moroccan rial

**Rial** bụ ego nke obodo Morocco n'agbata n’ime afọ 1882 na 1921. E kewara ya na *[[Moroccan dirham|dirham]]* iri, nke ọ bụla n'ime *mazuna* iri ise.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
E webatara rial mgbe Obodo Morocco nakweere ụdị mkpụrụ ego nke oge a na afo 1882. Ọ nọchiri usoro nke nwere falus ọla kọpa, *dirham* ọlaọcha na *benduqi* ọlaedo.

Na Spanish Morocco, e ji peseta Spanish dochie anya rial na afo 1912 na ọnụego nke otu rial =  pesetas ise. Na obodo French Morocco, a gbanwere rial na afo 1921 site na franc na ọnụego nke otu rial =  francs iri.

## Mkpụrụ ego igwe
N'afọ 1882, e wepụtara mkpụrụ ego ọlaọcha ⁄, , 2 1⁄2 na 5 dirham na 1 rial ebe, n'afọ 1902, e webatara ọla nchara máximas otu, abuo, ise na iri. Ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ọtụtụ mgbanwe nhazi, okpukpe ndị a nọgidere na-agbanwe agbanwe ruo n’afo 1921.

## Akwụkwọ ego
Nanị ego akwụkwọ e wepụtara nke a na-akpọ rial bụ nke ndi State Bank of Morocco wepụtara n'etiti afo 1910 na 1917. A na-akpọkwa ndị a na francs, na okpukpu nke rials ano (francs iri ano) na rials iri abuo (francs nari abuo).

## Hụkwazi
Mosi-oa-Tunya

**Mosi-oa-Tunya** (English: The Smoke Which Thunders) bụ mkpụrụ ego ọla edo e webatara na Obodo  Zimbabwe na afo 2022 n'ihe gbasara ịrị elu nke ọnụ ahịa.

## Nomenclature na njirimara
Mosi-oa-Tunya bụ aha Tongan maka Victoria Falls ma tụgharịa ya n'asụsụ Bekee dịka The Smoke Which Thunders .

Mkpụrụ ego ndị ahụ dị otu troy ounce ma jiri ọlaedo carat iri abuo na abuo mee ha. A na-emepụta ha na mpụga obodo Zimbabwe.

Mkpụrụ ego igwe ọ bụla nwere nọmba serial pụrụ iche.

## Ojiji
Reserve Bank nke obodo Zimbabwe kesara  Mosi-oa-Tunya puku abuo na ụlọ akụ azụmahịa na oge 25 Juun n’afo 2022. Enwere ike iji ha mee ihe maka ebumnuche ịzụ ahịa nkịtị. E webatara mkpụrụ ego ndị ahụ n'oge ọgba aghara na ego obodo dị ugbu a na omume ndị Zimbabwe iji dollar US.

## Uru
Mkpụrụ ego ndị ahụ ruru ọnụego ahịa mba ụwa maka otu troy ounce nke ọlaedo, gbakwunyere pasent ise.

## Hụkwazi

## Edensibia
Mozambican metica

Metica (ọtụtụ **meticas**) bụ ego a tụrụ aro maka obodo  Mozambique. E kewara ya na  centimos otu nari. E mepụtara mkpụrụ ego e dere n'afọ 1975 na akwụkwọ ego e dere na afo 1976. Otú ọ dị, etinyeghị ndị a na mgbasa ma escudo nọgidere na-agagharị ruo afo 1980, mgbe ewepụtara metical. [citation needed]