Thelma Golden

**Thelma Golden** (amụrụ 1965 na St. Albans, Queens  ) bụ onye na-ahụ maka ihe nka nke America, bụ onye isi na onye isi nchịkwa nke Studio Museum na Harlem, New York City, United States.  A na-ahụta ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị malitere okwu post-blackness .  Site na 2017 ruo 2020, *ArtReview* họọrọ ya kwa afọ ka otu n'ime mmadụ iri kacha nwee mmetụta na ụwa nka ọgbara ọhụrụ. 

Site na 1991 ruo 1998, Golden bụ onye nlekọta na Whitney Museum of American Art, bụ ebe ọ nwetara aha ọma maka ịkwalite ndị na-eto eto na-ese ihe na-ese ojii. Na 1993 biennial na ihe ngosi 1994 ya *Black Male*, o webatara ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na arụmụka n'ime mkpokọta Whitney.  Golden sonyeere Studio Museum dị ka osote onye isi maka ihe ngosi na mmemme na 2000 tupu ọ ga-aga nke ọma Lowery Stokes Sims, onye bụbu onye isi na onye isi ụlọ ihe ngosi nka, na 2005.

## Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
Thelma Golden tolitere na Queens, New York,  ada Arthur Golden na Thelma (née Eastmond) Golden.  O nwere mmasị na nka site na nwata ma HW Janson 's *History of Art* nwere mmetụta karịsịa.  O nwere ọzụzụ aka mbụ ya dị ka onye isi na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na New Lincoln School, ọzụzụ dị ka onye na-amụ akwụkwọ na Metropolitan Museum of Art . Mkpebi ya ịghọ onye nlekọta sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ Lowery Stokes Sims, onye mbụ na-elekọta ndị America-American nke ihe ngosi nka.  Golden gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Buckley Country Day School na 1980 wee nweta BA na Art History na African-American Studies na Smith College na 1987. 

## Whitney Museum nke American Art
Ọnọdụ mbụ nke Golden bụ na Studio Museum na Harlem na 1987. Ọ bụbu onye nlekọta na Whitney Museum of American Art site na 1988 ruo 1998. Ọ bụ onye isi ihe ngosi nka na Jamaica Arts Center dị na Queens  tupu ya aghọọ onye ntụzi ọdụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Whitney na etiti Manhattan (ebe emechiri ya) na 1991.  Na 1993, ọ haziri biennial nke ihe ngosi nka yana Elisabeth Sussman, Lisa Phillips, na John Hanhardt .  Ụfọdụ katọrọ ihe ngosi a maka isiokwu mmekọrịta ọha na eze na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị wee bụrụ "otu n'ime ihe ngosi Whitney na-arụrịta ụka nke ukwuu".   Golden mechara leghachi anya na ihe ngosi ahụ dị ka "ahụmahụ mgbanwe" nke nyeere ya aka ịhụ otú "nkà na ndị na-ese ihe nwere ike isi dịrị na ebe ngosi ihe ngosi nka n'ụzọ dị egwu ma dị ike ma nwee ike ịmepụta mgbanwe n'ihi ọrụ ahụ." 

N'afọ na-esote, Golden chepụtara ihe ngosi nke ga-abụ nke na-esekarị okwu: *Nwa nwoke ojii: Nnọchite anya nke oke nwoke n'ime nka nke America* (1994-95). Ihe ngosi a nyochara echiche na-adịghị mma nke oke nwoke ojii, gụnyere enweghị ebe obibi na mpụ.  Ọ gụnyere ọrụ nka nke Jean-Michel Basquiat, Robert Mapplethorpe, Glenn Ligon, Dawn DeDeaux, na David Hammons, yana ihe nkiri dịka Gordon Parks ' *Shaft* na Marlon Riggs ' *Tongues Untied* . 

Ụfọdụ ndị na-ese ihe merela agadi kọwara nchọgharị ihe ngosi a na-eche echiche dị ka "enweghị ọrụ"  ma katọọ ihe ha hụrụ dị ka nnochite anya nke ndị na-abụghị ndị oji.  Na nlebanya dị mma nke na-adịghị ahụkebe, onye ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ Linda Nochlin kọwara ya na *ARTnews* dị ka "otu n'ime ihe ngosi kachasị ndụ na nke na-ahụ anya" nke oge.  *Akwụkwọ akụkọ New York Times* kwuru na ihe nkiri ahụ na-ebute nnukwu ndị ojii na-ege ntị na ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie, mana na ihe osise ahụ mere ka ha kwenye na mmeghachi omume ha.  N'agbanyeghị na a "na-akparị ya nke ukwuu", aha ngosi ihe nkiri ahụ abawanyela n'afọ ndị sochirinụ.  N'ime afọ iri, *Times* na-akọwa ya dị ka "ihe ngosi dị mkpa",  na afọ iri abụọ ka e mesịrị, ma *ARTnews* na Whitney n'onwe ya kọwara ya dị ka "ihe ngosi dị ịrịba ama".  

## Ụlọ ihe nkiri Studio na Harlem
Golden bụ onye na-ahụ maka ọrụ pụrụ iche maka ndị na-anakọta nka n'oge a Peter Norton na Eileen Harris Norton site na 1998 ruo 2000.  O sonyezie na Studio Museum na Harlem - n'oge ahụ bụ naanị ụlọ ngosi ihe ngosi nka nke Africa-American nke obodo - na 2000 dị ka osote onye isi ihe ngosi.   A họpụtara onye bụbu onye nlekọta MoMA Lowery Stokes Sims n'otu oge dịka onye isi ụlọ ihe ngosi nka ọhụrụ. 

N'ebe ngosi nka, Golden haziri ihe ngosi gụnyere Isaac Julien : *Vagabondia* (2000); Martin Puryear : *The Cane Project* (2000); Glenn Ligon : *Onye ọbịa* (2001); Ihunanya Ojii: Mmetụta ihe atụ na nka nke oge a (2002); harlemworld: Obodo ukwu dị ka ihe atụ (2004); Chris Ofili : *Afro Muses* (2005);  *Ugboro* (2005–06),  ya na Christine Y. Kim; *Ihe nkiri Africa* (2006–07); na *Kori Newkirk: 1997–2007* (2007–08). Ọ kwadoro ọrụ ndị nka dịka Kehinde Wiley, Glenn Ligon, na Njideka Akunyili Crosby .  Ihe ngosi 2001 ya *bụ Freestyle* bụ nke a ma ama maka inye aka guzobe okwu ahụ bụ " post-blackness " na maka inye aka ịmalite ọrụ nke ndị na-ese ihe LA Eric Wesley na Mark Bradford, n'etiti ndị ọzọ. 

N'afọ 2005, Golden ghọrọ onye nduzi na onye isi nchịkwa nke Studio Museum.  Ọ gbanwere usoro ihe ngosi nka nke mere na Wednesde na-etinye aka na njem ụlọ akwụkwọ na ihe omume nzuzo, mana Thursday na Fraịdee, ụlọ ngosi nka na-emeghe ruo mgbede ka ọtụtụ ndị ọbịa nwee ike ịga.  Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka malitekwara inye ndị ọbịa niile akwụkwọ ozi nke ọrụ ndị nka.  Ọbịbịa ya mụbara 27% n'ime afọ iri mbụ nke Golden dị ka onye nduzi,  na ụlọ ngosi nka gbakwunyere ihe karịrị ọrụ ọhụrụ 2000 na mkpokọta ya. 

Ihe ngosi nke Golden haziri maka ihe ngosi nka Studio malitere ịgagharị mba ụwa na obodo gụnyere Boston, Houston, Philadelphia, Toronto, na Chicago.  N'afọ 2011, ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nyere onye na-ese ihe nkiri Njideka Akunyili Crosby onye na-ese ihe otu afọ, nke nyere aka ịmalite ọrụ ya.  Golden mekwara ka onye ndụmọdụ nye ndị nduzi ihe ngosi nka na ndị na-ahụ maka ihe ngosi nka dịka Christine Y. Kim na Jamillah James . 

Na 2017, onye isi Met Glenn D. Lowry kwuru na Golden mere ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Studio "ụlọ ọrụ mba".  N'okpuru ọchịchị Golden, a malitere mgbasawanye $125 na 2017.  Haziri site Adjaye Associates na Cooper Robertson, ọ bụ ihe ngosi nka mbụ ebumnobi-wuru mgbasa.  
thumb| First Lady Michelle Obama na Thelma Golden n'oge njem nke Studio Museum na Harlem, 2011
Na 2010, a họpụtara Golden na Kọmitii maka Nchekwa White House .  N'oge ọchịchị Barack Obama, na 2015,  Golden sonyeere na bọọdụ ndị isi na Obama Foundation dịka a gwara ya ka ọ hazie nhazi na atụmatụ nke ọba akwụkwọ onye isi ala.  Golden jere ozi na Kọmitii maka Nchekwa White House ruo 2016. 

## Ihe nrite na nnabata ama ama
Na 2014, Artnet kpọrọ Golden na nọmba 33 na ndepụta ya nke "100 Kasị Ike Women in Art".  Na 2016, Golden meriri Audrey Irmas Award maka Curatorial Excellence.  Onye nnọchiteanya maka ihe nrite, Tom Eccles, toro Golden maka "ịkwalite okwu na ịmepụta echiche ndị bụ isi n'oge anyị". 

J. Paul Getty Trust nyere Golden the J. Paul Getty Medal na 2008. Onye isi ala ya, James Cuno, zoro aka na ntinye aka ya na nka ndị America America:Echeghị m na ị nwere ike ikwu "Aka American American" n'ekwughị "Thelma Golden." Ị pụghị ịsị "nkà nke oge a" n'ekwughị "Thelma Golden." Ị nweghị ike ịsị "Harlem" n'ekwughị "Thelma Golden." ... Ọ dịghị onye nduzi ihe ngosi nka nke meworo ụlọ ọrụ ya karịa ka Thelma meere ya. "Golden pụtara na ndepụta *ArtReview* nke 100 ndị kacha nwee mmetụta na ụwa nka ụwa kwa afọ site na 2003 ruo 2009 yana site na 2015 ruo 2020. Site na 2017 ruo 2020, o debere na 10 kacha elu. 

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Thelma Golden at TED 
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations