Verna Aardema

**Verna Norberg Aardema Vugteveen** (June 6, 1911 May 11, 2000), nke a mara nke ọma site na aha **Verna Aardema**, bụ onye odee Amerika nke akwụkwọ ụmụaka.

A mụrụ Verna Norberg na New Era, Michigan. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Michigan State jiri B.A. nke ọrụ nta akụkọ n'afọ 1934.  Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị malite n'afọ 1934 ruo n'afọ 1973 wee bụrụ onye na-ede *akwụkwọ* maka Muskegon Chronicle n'afọ 1951, ọrụ nke dịgidere ruo n'afọ 1972, otu afọ tupu ọ laa ezumike nká na nkụzị.

N'afọ ikpeazụ ya na Michigan State, Norberg meriri asọmpi edemede atọ; ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị nke mbụ ya, ha bụ ndị kachasị emetụta na mkpebi ya n' ịchụso nrọ ụmụaka.  O buru ụzọ chee echiche ide maka ụmụaka mgbe nwa ya nwanyị jụrụ iri nri ruo mgbe ọ nụrụ otu n'ime akụkọ nne ya kọrọ.  A na-etinyekarị aka azụ ndị a n'ebe ọ nọ na-agụ maka ya na nso nso a, ma ka ọ na-enwewanye mmasị na Afrika, a malitere itinye ha ebe ahụ ugboro ugboro.

N'afọ 1960, o bipụtara akụkọ mbụ ya, Akụkọ sitere n'Okpu Akụkọ nke gara  nke ọma, ya mere ọ gara n'ihu na-agbanwe akụkọ ọdịnala na *akụkọ* ifo sitere na ọdịbendị dị anya, (nke na site na Africa na Mexico) iji kpughee ụmụaka n'etolite etolite na ọtụtụ ihe dị iche iche nke ngosipụta okwu mmadụ.

Akwụkwọ ya, Why Mosquitoes Buzz in People's Ears  (1975), nke Leo na Diane Dillon gosipụtara, nwetara Caldecott Medal na n'afọ 1976 na akwụkwọ ǹkà Brooklyn maka ihe nrite ụmụaka n'afọ  1977. *Ònye nọ n'ụlọ Oke?* 1977  bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ nke ọba akwụkwọ akụkọ kacha mma n'afọ ahụ nke afọ 1977 na onye mmeri Lewis Carroll Shelf Award na n'afọ 1978. Aardema natara ihe nrite n'okirikiri okpokoro ihe ọgụgụ ụmụaka n'afọ 1981, ma ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ya abụrụla nke ahọpụtara dị ka akwụkwọ ama ama site na n'aka American Library Association. *Oh Kojo* ya! Kedu ka isiri! merie na Parents' Choice Award nke afọ 1984 na Agụmagụ. 

## Alụmdi na nwunye
Ọ lụrụ Albert Aardema mbụ (1908-1974) na Joel Vugteveen nke abụọ.

## Ọnwụ
Ọ nwụrụ na Fort Myers, Florida ma liri  ya na Norton Cemetery, Norton Shores, Muskegon, Michigan n'akụkụ ebe eliri di mbụ ya.

## Ọrụ

* Anansi na-eme ihe na-agaghị ekwe omume!: Akụkọ Ashanti. Ihe ngosipụta nke Lisa Desimini. 1st ed. New York: Akwụkwọ Atheneum maka ụmụaka n'etolite etolite, n'afọ Young Readers, 1997.

Anansi na nwunye ya na-aghọ nkọ karịa Chineke Eluigwe ma weghachite akụkọ ifo  ndị ha hụrụ n'anya.

* Anansi Chọtara Onye nzuzu: Akụkọ Ashanti. Foto nke Bryna Waldman. 1st ed. New York: Akwụkwọ ịkpọ oku n'afọ 1992.

Lazy Anansi na-achọ ịghọgbu mmadụ ka ọ rụwa ọrụ siri ike nke itinye ọ́nyà ázù ya, mana kama nke ahụ, a ghọgburu ya ka o mee ọrụ ahụ n'onwe ya.

* N'akụkụ azụ Ugwu; Akụkọ ifo ndị oji si  Ndịda Afrịka. Foto nke Leo na Diane Dillon. New York: Dial Press, 1973.

Akụkọ ọdịnala iri sitere na ndịda Afrịka gụnyere akụkọ Hottentot, Zulu na Bantu.

* Bimwili & Zimwi: Akụkọ sitere na Zanzibar. Foto nke Susan Meddaugh. 1st ed. New York: Akwụkwọ ịkpọ oku, 1985.

Zimwi tọọrọ nwa agbọghọ Swahili ma gwa ya ka ọ bụrụ olu dị n'ime ịgbà abụ ya.

* Borreguita na Coyote: Akụkọ sitere na Ayutla, Mexico. Foto nke Petra Mathers sere. New York: Knopf; nke Random House kesara, 1991.

Obere nwa atụrụ na-eji aghụghọ ya eme ihe iji gbochie coyote iri ya.

* Iweta Mmiri Ozuzo na Kapiti Plan: Akụkọ Nandi. Foto nke Beatriz Vidal. New York: Dial Press, 1981.

Nchịkọta egwu na-ekwu ka Ki-pat siri weta mmiri ozuzo na ala Kapiti  nke ụkọ mmiri ozuzo kpatara.

* Ọkara-Bọlụ-nke-Kenki: Akụkọ Ashanti. Na foto nke Diane Stanley Zuromskis. New York: F. Warne, 1979.

Ọkara-Bọlụ-nke-Kenki napụtara Fly n'aka Agụ owuru ma, n"ọgụ na-esote ya, Agụ owuru nwetara uwe nwere ntụpọ ruo mgbe ebighị ebi.

* Otu Ostrich si nweta ogologo olu ya; Akụkọ sitere na Akamba nke Kenya. Ihe osise nke Marcia Brown. New York: Scholastic, 1995.

Akụkọ sitere n'aka ndị Akamba nke Kenya nke na-akọwa ihe mere nnụnụ ji nwee olu dị ogologo.

* Ihe mmụta na-efe efe nke Jackal: Akụkọ Khoikhoi. Ihe osise nke Dale Gottlieb sere. New York: Knopf; nke Random House kesara, 1995.

Site n'enyemaka nke crane na-acha anụnụ anụcha, nne nduru napụtara ụmụ ya n"aka Jackal na - onye na

* *Ji-nongo-Nongo pụtara ihe mgbagwoju anya*. Ihe osise nke Jerry Pinkney. New York: Four Winds Press, 1978.

Ọ na-ewepụta nchịkọta nke ihe omimi sitere na Africa.

* Koi na Kola Nuts: Akụkọ sitere na Liberia. Ihe osise nke Joe Cepeda. 1st ed. New York: Atheneum Books for Young Readers, 1999.

Akụkọ ọdịnala ndị Afrịka nke nwa onye isi ga-eji naanị akpa nke mkpụrụ osisi kola na enyemaka nke ụfọdụ ihe e kere eke o mesoro n'ụzọ dị mma banye n"ụwa.

* The Lonely Lioness na Ostrich Chicks: Akụkọ Masai. Foto nke Yumi Heo sere. New York: A.A. Knopf; nke Random House kesara, 1996.

N'akụkọ a nke akụkọ ndị Maasai, mongoose na-enyere nnụnụ aka iweghachite ụmụ ya n'aka ọdụm owu na ya nke zuru ha.

* *Misoso*: Once Upon a Time Tales from Africa Illustrated by Reynold Ruffins. New York: Knopf; nke Random House kesara, 1994.

Nchịkọta akụkọ ọdịnala sitere n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke Africa.

* *Akụkọ ndị ọzọ sitere na Story Hat*. Ihe osise nke Elton Fax. New York: Coward-McCann, 1966.

Ọ na-egosi akụkọ ọdịnala iri na otu sitere na Africa.

* The *Na* of Wa. Ihe osise nke Elton Fax sere. New York: Coward-McCann, 1960.
* *Oh, Kojo! Olee otú ị ga-esi mee ya!: Akụkọ Ashanti.* Foto nke Marc Brown. 1st ed. New York: Dial Books for Young Readers, 1984.

Ọ na-akọwa otú nwa okorobịa aha ya bụ Kojo si merie Anansi.

* *Otwe* Ihe osise nke Elton Fax. New York: Coward-McCann, 1960.
* Pedro & the Padre: Akụkọ sitere na Jalisco, Mexico. Foto nke Friso Henstra [nl]. New York: Dial Books for Young Readers, 1991.

N'akụkọ ọdịnala ndị Mexico a, nwa okorobịa umengwụ na-amụta ihe gbasara ịgha ụgha.

* Princess Gorilla na Ụdị Mmiri Ọhụrụ: Akụkọ Mpongwe. Foto nke Victoria Chess. 1st ed. New York: Dial Books for Young Readers, 1988.

Eze Gorilla nyere iwu na ọ dịghị onye nwere ike ịlụ nwa ya nwanyị ruo mgbe a chọtara onye na-achọ ịbata nke siri ike iji rie otu barel nke mmiri na'anya.

* *Rabbit* Makes a Monkey of Lion: A Swahili Tale Pictures by Jerry Pinkney. 1st ed. New York: Dial Books for Young Readers, 1989.

Site n'enyemaka nke ndị enyi ya Bush-rat na Turtle, Rabbit nwere ọgụgụ isi ma dị ngwa na-eme ka onye nzuzu nke eze ọhịa dị ike ma na'amaghị nke ọma.

* Sebgugugu the Glutton: Akụkọ Bantu si Rwanda. Foto nke Nancy L. Clouse sere. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]

Otu ogbenye nwere anyaukwu na-anwale ndidi nke Imana, Onyenwe Rwanda, ruo mgbe ọ tụfuru ihe niile.

* Ihe omimi nke Drum: Akụkọ sitere na Tizapan, Mexico. Ihe osise nke Tony Chen. New York: Four Winds Press, 1979.

N'ịchegbu onwe ya iji gbochie nwa ya nwanyị ịlụ di, eze mara ọkwa na ọ dịghị nwoke nwere ike ị lụọ nwa nwanyị ya ma ọ bụrụ na o chebaghị ụdị akpụkpọ anụ eji eme ihe na drum nke onye dibịa afa mere.
Sebgugugu the Glutton: Akụkọ Bantu si Rwanda. Foto nke Nancy L. Clouse sere. Nnukwu Rapids,

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]

Otu ogbenye nwere anyaukwu na-anwale ndidi nke Imana, Onyenwe Rwanda, ruo mgbe ọ tụfuru ihe niile.

* *[[The Sky-god Stories|Akụkọ]]* chi nke Eluigwe. Ihe osise nke Elton Fax. New York: Coward-McCann, 1960.
* *[[Tales from the Story Hat|Akụkọ sitere na]]* Story Hat. Ihe osise nke Elton Fax. New York: Coward-McCann, 1960.

Nchịkọta nke akụkọ ifo nke itoolu sitere Afrịka.

* Nke a maka nke ahụ: Akụkọ Tonga. Foto nke Victoria Chess. 1st ed. New York: Akwụkwọ ịkpọ oku maka ndị na-etolite etolite na-agụ akwụkwọ, n'afọ 1997.
* *[[Tales from the Third Ear|Akụkọ sitere na Ntị nke Atọ]]*, sitere n'Equatorial Africa. Ihe osise nke Ib Ohlsson. 1st ed. New York: Dutton, 1969.

Akụkọ ifo Afrịka nke itoolu na-akọ akụkọ banyere njem nke ọdụm nwanyị nọrọ onwe ya, udide aghụghọ, hyena na ndị ọzọ.

* Njem gaa Tondo: Akụkọ banyere Knundo nke Zaire. Ihe osise nke Will Hillenbradn. New York: Knopf; nke Random House kesara, 1991.
* The *[[The Vingananee and the Tree Toad|Vingananee na]]* Tree Toad: Akụkọ Liberia. Site na ihe osise nke Ellen Weiss. New York: Puffin Books, 1988; Nework: Warne, 1983.

Anụmanụ a na-amaghị ama a kpọrọ Vingananee na'egbu anụmanụ ndị ọzọ niile ma rie anụ ha ruo mgbe obere osisi Awọ kwuru na ya ga-alụso ya ọgụ.

* Gịnị Na-atọ Mkpa, Ketu?: A Nuer Tale. Foto nke Marc Brown. New York: Dial Press, 1982.

Maka ịzọpụta ndụ agwọ, a na-akwụ Ketu ụgwọ site n'ikwe ka ọ nụ ka ụmụ anụmanụ na'iche echiche.

* *[[Who's in Rabbit's House?|Ònye nọ n'ụlọ Rabbit?]]*: A Masai Tale. Foto nke Leo na Diane Dillon. New York: Dial Press, 1977.

Rabbit nwere nsogbu - mmadụ nọ n'ime ụlọ ya ma ọ gaghị ekwe ka ọ banye.

* Ihe mere anwụnta ji stampu na ntị ndị mmadụ: Akụkọ ọdịda anyanwụ Afrịka. Foto nke Leo na Diane Dillon. New York: Dial Press, 1975.

Akụkọ akụkọ ọdịnala nke West Africa nke na-ekpughe otú anwụnta si zụlite omume ya na'ụzọ na - akpata oyi n'ahụ.

## Hụkwa

## Ebe e si nweta ya

* Verna Aardema Bibliography si James Madison University
* Contemporary Authors, New Revision Series, Mpịakọta nke 18, peeji nke 471.
* Akwụkwọ nke ise nke ndị edemede na ndị na-ese onyinyo, 1983, peeji nke 1.

## Njikọ mpụga

* Verna Aardema at the Internet Book List
* Verna Aardema Akwụkwọ na Grummond Children's Literature Collection na akụkọ ndụ
* Verna Aardema [link nwụrụ anwụ na-adịgide adịgide] na Library of Congress Authorities nwere  ndekọ 39
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations