open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Asụsụ Maric

**Maran** ma ọ bụ **Maric** bụ alaka ụlọ ọrụ Pama–Nyungan nke asụsụ Australia nke ọtụtụ ndị Murri na-asụbu na mpaghara Queensland niile.  Asụsụ Maric ndị a nwapụtara nke ọma nwere njikọ chiri anya; otu o sila dị, ọtụtụ asụsụ nke mpaghara ahụ ekpochapụla tupu e depụta ọtụtụ ihe gbasara ha, na nkewa ha ejighị n'aka. Asụsụ Maric doro anya bụ:

 

Dharumbal agbakwunyere Bowern (2011); ekewawo ya na ngalaba Kingkel nke Waka–Kabic . O doghị anya ma ọ bụrụ na asụsụ Kingkel ọzọ, Bayali, bụkwa Maric; Bayali na Darumbal anọghị nso.

## Asụsụ anaghị ekewa
Ngaro na Giya (Bumbarra), ndị a na-asụ n'ụsọ oké osimiri, nwekwara ike ịbụ Maric, nke ikpeazụ nwere ike ịbụ olumba nke Biri. 

N'ime ime, n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, Breen (2007) dere maka asụsụ " Karna -Mari fringe " bụ "òtù asụsụ na-akwụsị akwụsị, nke a na-akwadoghị nke ọma, gbasasịa n'etiti asụsụ Karnic na Mari ma na-egosighi njikọ dị ukwuu n'etiti ma ọ bụ na ibe ya. Naanị otu onye kwadoro nke ọma bụkwa nke kachasị anya na mpaghara ala, Kalkutungu ".  Nke a gụnyere asụsụ Ngura, ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ngalaba Karnic nke Pama–Nyungan (dịka olumba Wilson River nke Galali na Wangkumara na-asụ, n'agbanyeghị na ọ bụghị olumba Osimiri Bulloo na-asụ otu ihe). Agbanyeghị, Bowern (2011) depụtara ụdị Badjiri dị ka Maric.  Asụsụ ime ụlọ ndị ọzọ akwadoghị nke ọma nke nwere ike ịbụ Maric gụnyere Ngaygungu (Dixon 2002),  Bindal (Bowern 2011), Barna (Bowern 2011), Dhungaloo (na-arụ ụka na Bowern, edepụtaghị na AIATSIS), na Yirandhali (Dixon, Bowern). Yiman dị nso n'ụsọ oké osimiri bụ agbụrụ Bidjara. Mpaghara "Greater Maric" nke Dixon depụtara na Bowern (2011) tinyekwara Guwa (Goa) na Yanda . Hụkwa asụsụ Karnic maka ụdị ndị ọzọ sitere na mpaghara ahụ.

## Hụkwa

## Ntụaka
ọdịda anyanwụ, Breen (2007) dere maka asụsụ " Karna -Mari fringe " bụ "òtù asụsụ na-akwụsị akwụsị, nke a na-akwadoghị nke ọma, gbasasịa n'etiti asụsụ
Asụsụ Lai

**Asụsụ Lai** ma ọ bụ **asụsụ Pawih/Pawi** bụ asụsụ Central Kuki-Chin-Mizo dị iche iche nke ndị Lai ma ọ bụ Pawi na-asụ. Ha na-agụnye "Laiṭong" ( Falam-Chin ) nke a na-asụ na mpaghara Falam, *Laiholh* ( Hakha-Chin ) na-asụ gburugburu Haka (Hakha / Halkha) isi obodo Chin State na Burma (Myanmar) na Lawngtlai district nke Mizoram, India. Na Bangladesh, ndị Bawm na-asụ otu asụsụ . Asụsụ Lai ndị ọzọ bụ Mi-E (gụnyere Khualsim), na olumba Zokhua nke Hakha Lai a na-asụ n'obodo Zokhua. 

## Ụtọ asụsụ
Enwere ike ịhụ nhichapụ nke consonant ikpeazụ ebe a na stem II. Agbanyeghị, nke a anaghị adịkarị n'ihi na ọtụtụ ngwaa na-atụgharị ma ọ bụ nweta consonant na stem II. A na-eji azuokokoosisi a gosi ihe ga-eme n'ọdịnihu dị anya, ọnọdụ na-edoghị anya, ọnọdụ cohortative, ọnọdụ mbụ, ọnọdụ ikpe ziri ezi na ndị ọzọ. 

## Ntụaka
ọdịda anyanwụ, Breen (2007) dere maka asụsụ " Karna -Mari fringe " bụ "òtù asụsụ na-akwụsị akwụsị, nke a na-akwadoghị nke ọma, gbasasịa n'etiti asụsụ Karnic na Mari ma

* Stephen Ni Kio, *Lai Nunphung* .
* Hakha Lai - Site n'aka David A. Peterson, Isi nke iri abụọ na ise.
* Kenneth VanBik, Ụdị ntụziaka atọ na-akpata na Hakha Lai, Mahadum California, Berkeley.
* VanBik, David (1986) *Bekee–Chin (Haka) Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu*, Haka.
* Haye-Neave, DR (1948) *Lai Chin ụtọ ụtọ na akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu*, Rangoon: Onye nlekọta nke ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ na ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị, Burma.
* George Bedell, *Agreement IN MIZO* - *Akwụkwọ sitere na Nzukọ Kwa Afọ nke iri na otu nke Ndịda Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia Linguistics Society*, Tempe, Arizona: Mmemme maka Ọmụmụ Ndịda Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia, Mahadum State nke Arizona, pp.&nbsp;51–70, 2001.
* George Bedell, *Agreement IN LAI* - *Akwụkwọ sitere na Nzukọ Afọ nke ise nke Ndịda Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia Linguistics Society*, Tempe, Arizona: Mmemme maka ọmụmụ ihe ndịda Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia, Mahadum steeti Arizona, p.&nbsp;21–32, 1995.
Asụsụ Kuki-Chin nke Ndịda

**Southern Kuki-Chin** bụ ngalaba nke asụsụ Kuki-Chin . A na-asụkarị ha na ndịda Chin State, Myanmar na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Bangladesh .

Asụsụ ụfọdụ akpọburu dị ka Southern Kuki-Chin, gụnyere Khumi, Mro, Rengmitca, bụ Peterson (2017) chịkọtara ugbu a dị ka asụsụ Khomic .

VanBik (2009) na Peterson (2017) kewara Southern Kuki-Chin n'ime ngalaba *Asho* na *Cho* .

## Asụsụ
 

## Ntụaka
Southern Kuki-Chin, gụnyere Khumi, Mro, Rengmitca, bụ Peterson

* Peterson, David. 2017. "Na nchịkọta nke Kuki-Chin." Na Picus Sizhi Ding na Jamin Pelkey, ed. *Sociohistorical linguistics na Ndịda Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia: Ọhụụ ọhụrụ maka ọmụmụ Tibeto-Burman na nsọpụrụ nke David Bradley*, 189-209. Leiden: Brill.
* VanBik, Kenneth. 2009. *Proto-Kuki-Chin: Nna nna e wugharịrị nke asụsụ Kuki-Chin* . Ihe ngosi STEDT 8.  .

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* So-Hartmann, Helga. 1988. Ihe ndetu na asụsụ ndịda Chin. LTBA 11.2:98-119 . (Ihe ndekọ CLDF na Zenodo    )
* Òtù mmepe asụsụ na mmekọrịta ọha. (2019). *Nnyocha olumba Chin* (Nkeji 1 nke 2) [Data set]. doi : 
* Òtù mmepe asụsụ na mmekọrịta ọha. (2019). *Nnyocha olumba Chin* (Nkeji 2 nke 2) [Data set]. doi :
Asụsụ Nuobi

**Nuobi** (autonym: *Lolbiq* ;  **'  ma ọ bụ **' na Jinping County nke pụtara 'downriver';  Chinese: 糯比*Luobi* ( *Lobi* )) bụ asụsụ Loloish nke dị na ndịda etiti Yunnan, China.

## Nkesa
A na-asụ Nuobi na:

* Obodo Xinping Yi na Dai kwụụrụ onwe 
* Yuanjiang Hani, Yi na Dai kwụụrụ onwe 
* Jinping Miao, Yao, na Dai kwụụrụ onwe County 

Dai (2009)  na-akọ na agbụrụ Hani dị na Yangjie Township (羊街乡), Yuanjiang County bụ nke Nuomei (糯美) na Nuobi (糯比), bụ ndị ruru mmadụ 9,000 na mmadụ 6,000 n'otu n'otu n'ime obodo ahụ. Ndị Nuomei na-ebikarị na Gedie (戈垤),  Dangduo (党舵)  (nke nwekwara ndị na-asụ Kucong ), na Bamu (坝木)  obodo nhazi, ebe ndị Nuobi bi na Langzhi (朗支)  (nke nwekwara Zhongli).中梁子 ), Yangjie (羊街),  na Diexia (垤霞)  (gụnyere Yidie, 依垤  ) obodo.

## Okwu okwu
Ndepụta okwu okwu bụ isi nke Nuobi sitere na *Xinping County Ethnic Gazetteer* (1992:209–210).

## Ihe ndetu
mmụọ na-egosi na asụsụ Kra kacha nso na ngalaba Kam–Sui nke ezinụlọ. Enwere ihe dị ka asụsụ iri na abụọ nke Kra, dabere ka esi ), na Gelao (Chile).

## Ntụaka
Asụsụ Eotile

**Eotile**, ma ọ bụ **Beti**, bụ asụsụ Tano nke Ivory Coast fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara ikpochapụ. Ndị na-ekwu okwu na-atụgharị gaa Anyin, ebe asụsụ ahụ nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na ndị na-asụ Eotile fọdụrụnụ. A kọrọ na ọkà okwu ikpeazụ nke "dị ọcha" Eotile nwụrụ na 1993.

## Ntụaka
akọwapụta asụsụ na olumba.
Asụsụ Erie

**Erie** bụ asụsụ ekpochapụworo, ekwenyere na ọ bụ Iroquoian, yiri Wyandot, nke ndị Erie na-asụbu. Edekọghị ya nke ọma, ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ ejighị n'aka na nkwubi okwu a ziri ezi. Enweela njikọ ole na ole na ndị Europe na Erie na ndị French, na Dutch na-enwe udo, ebe ndị Bekee na-abụkarị ndị iro.

Aha *Erie* na *Eriez* bụ ụdị dị mkpụmkpụ nke *Erielhonan*, nke pụtara "ogologo ọdụ", na-ezo aka na panthers mpaghara. A na-akpọ Erie ndị "Cat people" ( *Nation du Chat* na French; Hodge 1910,  Swanton  ).

Opekempe otu okwu mbinye na-adị ndụ site na asụsụ Erie: Chautauqua, okwu nkọwa/nsụgharị na-ejighị n'aka. 

## Okwu

* Erielhonan (Ọdụ ogologo)
* Ronnongwetonwanca (Ezigbo chioma)
* Kahqua/Kahkwa (ikekwe aha ha kpọrọ onwe ha)
* Gụkulëáwo (Wolf)
* Chautauqua (Akpa ejikọtara na etiti / etiti) ma ọ bụ (moccasins abụọ jikọtara ọnụ)

## Ihe ndetu


## Ntụaka
Gelao, nke nwere ihe dị ka ndị na-asụ asụsụ 8,000 na China sitere na agbụrụ dị ihe dị ka 500,000, ma mejupụtara ma ọ dịkarịa ala ụdị asụsụ anọ na-enweghị nghọta, gụnyere Telue (White Gelao), Hagei (Blue ma ọ bụ Green Gelao), Vandu (Red Gelao), A'ou (Red Gelao
Asụsụ Ebrié

**Ebrié**, ma ọ bụ **Cama** (Caman, Kyama, Tchaman, Tsama, Tyama), bụ ndị Tchaman na Ivory Coast na Ghana na-asụ. Ọ bụ asụsụ Potou nke alaka Kwa nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Niger–Congo .

## fonology

### Ndepụta ekwentị

Ụda [v] na [z] dị ntakịrị ma na-eme naanị na okwu ego . 

Enweghị fọnịm consonant imi na Ebrié. Kama, ụdaume imi na-eme ka usoro consonant nke lenis a na-akpọ ụda [ɓ, ɗ, j, w] banye [m, n, ɲ, ŋʷ]. 

### Ụda
Ebrié nwere ụda ọkwa abụọ (H na L) yana ụda dara ada (HL).  O nwekwara ụda na-ese n'elu mmiri, na consonants fortis a na-ekwu na-enwe ọchịchọ iwetu ụda nke ụda dị ala. 

## Ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ

### Ndekọ aha aha
Ntụziaka klaasị aha na Ebrié na-amata ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụfọdụ homophones na n'etiti otu na ọtụtụ ụdị. Na mbụ, usoro a gaara esiwanye ike, dịka a hụrụ n'asụsụ Niger-Congo ndị ọzọ. 

Mfatoho foforo nso a ɛwɔ *á-, à-, ɛ̃́-*, na *ɛ̃̀* -. Abụọ nke ikpeazụ, nke bụ ụdaume imi, nwekwara ike ịghọta dị ka syllabic imi, nke e degharịrị dị ka *ɴ́* - na *ɴ̀* - mana edere ya n'ụzọ ọ bụla dị ka . 

Akara ụda dị elu nwere nnukwu ụda olu ( *ájí* 'respect'), ma hapụkwa ụda dị ala na-enweghị akara ( *aji* 'clay'). A na-eji sekọmfleksị (â) akara ụda dara ada. 
A na-eji apostrophe (') akara ụdị ngwaa a na-emekarị. 

## Ntụaka
Ezinụlọ Enga nwere oke na-akọwa ebe obibi ha n'ofe ókèala ahụ ma mara na ha na-alụ ọgụ maka ala, mgbanwe alụmdi na
Asụsụ Sena

thumb| Onye na-asụ Barwe, olumba nke asụsụ Sena. A na-asụkwa Portuguese na vidiyo a.
**Sena** bụ asụsụ Bantu a na-asụ na mpaghara anọ dị na etiti Mozambique ( ndagwurugwu Zambezi ): Tete, Sofala, Zambezia na Manica . E nwere ihe dị ka ndị na-asụ Sena dị 900,000 na Mozambique na 1997, ma ọ dịkarịa ala nde 1.5 ma ọ bụrụ na ha gụnyere ndị na-asụ ya dị ka asụsụ nke abụọ . Ọ bụ otu n'ime asụsụ Nyasa .

A na-asụ Sena n'ọtụtụ olumba, nke Rue (nke a na-akpọkwa Barwe ma ọ bụ Cibalke) na Podzo dị iche. Sena nke Malawi nwere ike ịbụ asụsụ dị iche. Barwe (Chibarwe) nwere nnabata gọọmentị na Zimbabwe .

Ụfọdụ okwu na Sena tenses nwere ike ịhụ na Funnell (2004),  Barnes & Funnell (2005)  na na Kiso (2012). 

## fonology

### Udaume

### Consonants

* Ụda  a pụkwara ịnụ ka retroflex  n'etiti ndị ọkà okwu dị iche iche. 
*  a na-anụ dị ka palatalized  mgbe a  sochiri ya .
* Ụda ndị na-esonụ na-eme dị ka prenasalized mgbe mgbe a homorganic imi; ,  . 

## Ntụaka
iche. Sena nke Malawi nwere ike ịbụ asụsụ dị iche. Barwe (Chibarwe) nwere nnabata
Asụsụ Nyungwe

**Nyungwe** ( *Cinyungwe*, *Chinyungwe* ma ọ bụ Nhungue) bụ asụsụ Bantu nke Mozambique. A na-eji ya dị ka asụsụ azụmaahịa na mpaghara Tete niile. Ọ bụ na ngalaba ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Bantu, ọkachasị na Guthrie zone N. Ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na Sena, Chewa, Nsenga na Tumbuka .

## Nkesa ala
Ihe karịrị mmadụ 439,000 na-asụ Nyungwe na Mozambique n'akụkụ Osimiri Zambezi, nke kachasị na mpaghara Tete .

## Ọkwa gọọmentị
Ebe Portuguese bụ naanị asụsụ gọọmentị Mozambique, Nyungwe bụ otu n'ime asụsụ obodo a ma ama.  

## fonology
Ndepụta nke ụda olu bụ:  

### Udaume

 

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Ọtụtụ okwu okwu David Livingstone chịkọtara na Tete na 1850s, na Courtois na 1890s yiri okwu ndị na-asụ Nyungwe na-ejikarị eme ihe taa.

## Ihe atụ

## Ntụaka
anyanwụ Bantu, ọkachasị na Guthrie zone N. Ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na Sena, Chewa, Nseng
Asụsụ Nsenga

**Nsenga**, bụ asụsụ Bantu nke Zambia na Mozambique, na-ebi n'ógbè dị n'elu ala dị larịị nke na-eme ka mmiri dị n'etiti usoro osimiri Zambezi na Luangwa na ala ọdịda anyanwụ Malawi nke na-ekpuchi ugwu Kachebere nke a na-akpọ Mchinji. Asụsụ a bụ akụkụ nke ezinụlọ Sabi nke asụsụ. 

## Ntụaka
iche. Sena nke Malawi nwere ike ịbụ asụsụ dị iche. Barwe (Chibarwe) nwere nnabata

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ụlọ ọrụ Malombelo na Kamo Kamo oge ụfọdụ (Pastoral) dị na Nsenga (1956) akwụkwọ akwụkwọ Anglican nke Richard Mammana na Charles Wohlers mere digitized.
Asụsụ Esuma

**Esuma** (Essouma) bụ asụsụ ekpochapụ nke nhazi ejighị n'aka n'ime ngalaba Kwa nke ezinụlọ Niger–Congo, nke a na-asụbu n'ime ime obodo Assinie (Asini) na Mafia na Ivory Coast . Ndị Esuma bụ ndị vassals nke isi obodo Sanwi Krinjabo, ma gbanwee gaa n'asụsụ Anyin na Nzima .

## Ntụaka
anyanwụ Bantu, ọkachasị na
Asụsụ Moniga

**Moniga**, ma ọ bụ **Makhuwa-Moniga**, bụ asụsụ Bantu nke nde Makua na-asụ na Mozambique . Ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na Cuabo . 

## Ntụaka
op ukwuu nke Maputo,
Asụsụ Ogbi nke Mozambik

**Asụsụ ogbi nke Mozambique** ( Portuguese   ) bụ asụsụ bụ́ isi nke obodo ndị ogbi nke Mozambique . A na-akọ na ọ nwere "ụfọdụ mgbanwe olumba", na a na-asụkwa ya na opekata mpe obodo atọ kachasị ukwuu nke Maputo, Beira, na Nampula . Dị ka nke 1999, e nwere mgbalị na standardization. MSL adabereghị na Asụsụ ogbi nke Portuguese —ma ọ bụ n'okwu ahụ n'Asụsụ ogbi nke America —ma ewezuga nke ahụ, edekọghị ebe ọ si malite.

## Ntụaka
opekata mpe obodo atọ kachasị ukwuu nke Maputo,
Asụsụ Tonga (Mozambik)

**Asụsụ Tonga** nke Mozambique, ma ọ bụ *Gitonga* (a na-asụpe *Guitonga* na Portuguese) bụ asụsụ Bantu a na-asụ n'akụkụ oke osimiri ndịda nke mba ahụ. Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-eche na ọ kacha nso na Chopi nke dị na ndịda ya, asụsụ abụọ a nwere naanị myirịta okwu 44%.

## Ntụaka
opekata mpe obodo atọ kachasị ukwuu nke Maputo,

## Njikọ mpụga

* ''Ukwe Ndị Kraịst, ya na ụfọdụ Abụ Ọma nke Devid n’asụsụ Ba Tonga, dị ka e kwuru na ógbè Inhambane, n’ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Africa'' (1901)
* ''Ruthe.'' ''Samuele: Rut, na I. Samuel, isi nke I ruo nke anọ, n’asụsụ Gitonga'' (1902)
* ''Itestamente lipya nya pfumu yatu Jesu Kristi: kanga ku lobidwego ki gitonga'' (1905)
Asụsụ Gendza

**Gendza** ( *Ligendza, Digenja* ) bụ asụsụ Bantu nke Democratic Republic of Congo.

## Ntụaka
ekata mpe obodo atọ kachasị
Asụsụ Murik Kayan

**Murik** bụ asụsụ Sarawak, Malaysia .

## Ntụaka
Asụsụ

## Njikọ mpụga

*  Murik dị site na Kaipuleohone
Asụsụ Ogbi nke Malaysia

**Asụsụ ogbi nke Malaysia** ( Malay  , ma ọ bụ **BIM** ) bụ asụsụ bụ isi nke obodo ndị ogbi nke Malaysia . Ọ bụkwa asụsụ ogbi nke gọọmentị Malaysia na-eji na-esoro ndị ogbi na-ekwurịta okwu, gọọmentị Malaysia kwadoro ya na 2008 dị ka ụzọ isi na-ekwurịta okwu n'ihu ọha na n'etiti ndị ntị chiri, karịsịa na mgbasa ozi na mgbasa ozi gọọmentị. BIM nwere ọtụtụ olumba, dị iche site na steeti ruo na steeti. 

Emepụtara Asụsụ ogbi nke Malaysia site na nguzobe Malaysian Federation of the Deaf na 1998, ojiji ya agbasawanyela n'etiti ndị isi ntị chiri na ndị sonyere ya. Ọ dabere na Asụsụ ogbi nke America (ASL), mana a na-ewere ha abụọ dị ka asụsụ dị iche iche.

Kod Tangan Bahasa Malaysia ma ọ bụ Manually Codeed Malay (KTBM) bụ usoro nkuzi ọzọ mepụtara site n'aka ndị nkuzi na ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ n'etiti 1980 na 1986 ma bụrụ naanị ụdị akara ngosi nke Ministry of Education Malaysian ghọtara dị ka usoro iji kuziere ụmụ akwụkwọ ndị ntị chiri na usoro agụmakwụkwọ nkịtị kama ime dị ka asụsụ gọọmentị. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụghị asụsụ n'onwe ya, kama ọ bụ ụzọ eji aka na-edepụta asụsụ Malay. Eji KTBM mee ihe na-eme ka ọ dịrị ndị nkuzi mfe ịkụziri ụmụ akwụkwọ ntị chiri asụsụ Malay.

Asụsụ ogbi nke bu BIM bu na Malaysia bụ Penang Sign (PSL) na Selangor Sign (Kuala Lumpur Sign, SSL or KLSL). Ọzọkwa, nne na nna ọ bụla nke ụmụaka ntị chiri na-eji akara ngosi pụrụ iche emepụtara, nke a na-akpọ akara ụlọ, maka nkwurịta okwu gestural. Iji akara ụlọ dị otú ahụ n'etiti *peranakan* ma ọ bụ agbụrụ ndị China na-eji BIM eme ihe nwere ike bụrụ ihe kpatara esemokwu a na-eche na mmetụta nke asụsụ ndị ogbi nke China nwere, bụ nke a na-edeghị nke ọma na nwere ike ịdabere naanị n'echiche agbụrụ .

Iji nwetakwuo nkuzi na ịkwalite ojiji nke BIM, MFD mejuputa atumatu BIM Sign Bank dị ka isi mmalite nke nrụtụ aka maka asụsụ ogbi nye obodo, gụnyere ụmụ akwụkwọ, ndị nkuzi, nne na nna, na ndị ọrụ izugbe. Na mmekorita ya na Guidewire Gives Back, ngwa BIM Sign Bank, "BIM Sign Bank site MFD", ka emepụtara wee malite na Julaị 2021.

## Ihe ndetu
ụda olu. Nkọwa a na-ahụkarị bụ nke a: "Pitch-accent Systems [bụ] usoro nke otu syllable pụtara ìhè  okwu n’okwu dị ka

## Ntụaka

* https://web.archive.org/web/20110609015822/http://www.mfd.org.my/public/edu_eSign.asp?q=0&d=1
* https://web.archive.org/web/20110609015801/http://www.mfd.org.my/public/content.asp?l=EN&q=BOOK
* Bahasa isyarat Malaysia, isyarat-isyarat ICT: Asụsụ ogbi ICT nke Malaysian.
Asụsụ Molbog

**Molbog** bụ asụsụ Austronesia a na-asụ na Philippines na Sabah, Malaysia . Ọtụtụ ndị na-ekwu okwu gbadoro ụkwụ na nsọtụ ndịda nke ógbè Philippine nke Palawan, karịsịa obodo Bataraza na Balabac . A na-ewere obodo abụọ a dị ka ebe mgbaba maka nchekwa gburugburu na mpaghara ahụ. Ọtụtụ ndị na-asụ Molbog bụ ndị Alakụba.

Nhazi nke Molbog bụ arụmụka.  Ndị otu Thiessen (1981) Molbog nwere asụsụ ndị Palawanic, dabere na ihe ọhụrụ phonological na nke lexical jikọrọ ọnụ.  Smith kwadoro nhazi ọkwa a (2017).  Echiche ọzọ bụ Lobel (2013), onye tinyekọtara Molbog na Bonggi na otu obere Molbog-Bonggi .  N'agbụrụ, Molbog bụbu otu sub-otu nke ndị Palaw'an buru ibu, ma mesịa bụrụ otu ọ bụ n'ihi mmetụta Islam sitere na ndị Tausug na Sama-Bajau . 

## fonology

### Consonants

* Ụda  na-eme n'ihi okwu mbinye ego sitere na Spanish, Malay ma ọ bụ olumba asụsụ Sama .
*  na-eme naanị obere obere. Ebe a na-efunarị ya n'okwu ndị ketara eketa, a na-edobe ya n'okwu ụfọdụ dịka  'anya mmiri', eleghị anya site na ịgbazinye ego. 

## Ntụaka
karịa nke ọzọ n'otu okwu ahụ, a ma ama nke a na-enweta site  bụ, n’asụsụ ụda olu, iji gosi otú e si akpọ okwu, ọ dị mkpa, dị ka n’asụsụ mgbakasị ahụ, kanye nanị otu mkpụrụ
Asụsụ Bonggo

**Bonggo**, makwaara dị ka **Armopa**, bụ asụsụ Austronesia a na-asụ na Bonggo District, Sarmi Regency nke dị n'akụkụ oke osimiri nke mpaghara Papua, Indonesia .

## Hụkwa

* Asụsụ Sarmi maka ntụnyere na asụsụ ndị emetụtara

## Ntụaka
Asụsụ obodo
Asụsụ Berawan

**Berawan** bụ asụsụ Austronesia nke Sarawak .

## Olumba

# Lakiput
# Narom
# Lelak
# Dali
# Miri ogologo oge
# Belait
# Nkuzi
# Ogologo oge
# Ogologo Tutoh
# Ọgba Mulu

## Nkesa
Baram (Tutoh-Tinjar)

# Batu Bela (Sungai Merah) (Tutoh dị ala)
# Long Terawan (Middle Tutoh)
# Long Teru (Tinjar dị ala)
# Long Jegan (Middle Tinjar)
# Ogologo oge
# Ogologo ogologo
# Ogologo oge
# Loagan Bunut National Park
# Ogologo Patan
# Long Palo (Tutoh)
# Ogologo Kuk

## Ntụaka
Asụsụ obodo
Asụsụ Bintulu

**Bintulu** ma ọ bụ **Vaie** bụ asụsụ Austronesia nke Borneo . Robert Blust hapụrụ ya dị ka ihe dịpụrụ adịpụ n'ime asụsụ North Sarawakan .  *Ethnologue* kwuru na ọ nwere ike kacha nso Baram n'ime asụsụ ndị ahụ. 

## Ntụaka
dịpụrụ adịpụ n'ime

## Njikọ mpụga

* Paradaịsc nwere mkpokọta ohere mepere emepe nke edekọ asụsụ Bintulu nke Robert Blust mere.
* Kaipuleohone nwekwara  .
*  na Wiktionary Malay
Asụsụ Mbugu

Ndị Mbugu na-asụ akwụkwọ ndekọ aha abụọ dị iche iche, nke ụfọdụ ndị ọchịchị na-ewere dị ka asụsụ dị iche iche (dịka Tucker na Bryan): **Mbugu** ma ọ bụ "Normal Mbugu" (autonym **kiMbugu** ) bụ naanị Bantu, na okwu ndị metụtara Pare, ebe **Ma'a** ma ọ bụ "Inner Mbugu" (autonym **kiMa'a** ) bụ okwu nke ketara na Bantumba nke dị ka Bantumba . Pare. Ha na-ekerịta ụtọ asụsụ, ruo n'ókè nke na syntax ha bụ otu na akụkụ nke otu nwere ike ịtụgharị gaa na nke ọzọ nanị site n'ịgbanwe mkpụrụokwu ọdịnaya . 

Achọpụtara ihe Cushitic dị ka South Cushitic site n'aka Ehret. Otú ọ dị, Kießling (2001) na-edepụta nnukwu admixture East Cushitic .  Mous na-egosi mmewere Cushitic dị ka akwụkwọ ndekọ aha nke asụsụ Bantu, wee mata ya dị ka akụkụ nke East Cushitic karịa South Cushitic. 

## fonology

### Consonants
Mbugu nkịtị na-amata consonants iri abụọ na itoolu. N'ime Mbugu na-akọwapụta ihe anọ ọzọ: /ʔ ɬ x ŋ̊ x/, maka mkpokọta 33. Tebụlụ dị n'okpuru na-egosi consonants nke Mbugu n'ụdị IPA, yana Mous' (1995) akwụkwọ akụkọ bara uru n'ụkpụrụ akụkụ ebe ọ dị iche na IPA.

### Udaume
Akwụkwọ ndekọ aha abụọ nke Mbugu na-amata ụdaume ise.

### Ụda
A na-ama ụda atọ na Mbugu: elu, dị ala na ọdịda. Ụda dị ala bụ ndabara (enweghị akara). A na-eji ụda olu dị egwu nọchiri anya ⟩ ⟨ elu, ebe ụda ọdịda na-eji usoro ⟨ áa ⟩ .

## Ntụaka
mpaghara fhe Batouri na Ndélélé na ugwu Mbang (Ndagwurugwu Doumé), ebe ndịda nwere ndị na-ekwu okwu Mpo na ọgbakọ Ketté nwere ndị na-asụ Gbaya, ndị dịkwa n'ebe

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* Tosco, Mauro. 2000. 'Ntụle Cushitic.' *Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke ọmụmụ Etiopia* 33 (2): 87-121.
Asụsụ Kenya

Mainstream **Kenyah**, nke a makwaara dị ka **Usun Apau** na **Bakung**, bụ ụyọkọ olumba Kenya nke North Kalimantan, Indonesia na Sarawak, Malaysia . Olumba dara n'ụyọkọ anọ:

* Lepo'Tau, Lepo'Bem, Uma' Jalan, Uma' Tukung 
* Lepo' Ke, Lepo' Kuda
* Lepo'Maut, Lepo'Ndang, Badeng (Madang) 
* Bakung, Lepo 'Tepu' (Lepo Teppu').

## fonology

### Consonants

* Ụda  nwekwara ike ime dị ka geminated  ma ọ bụ dị ka ewepụtaghị ya na okwu ikpeazụ  .

*  can also occur as lax .
* Sounds  can also be heard as long .

## Ntụaka
gụnyere ụmụ akwụkwọ, ndịgụnyere ụmụ akwụkwọ, ndị

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nchekwa nke Kaipuleohone nke ọrụ Robert Blust gụnyere
Asụsụ Mintil

**Mintil** (ọzọ **Batek Tanum**, **Tanɨm**, ma ọ bụ **Mayah** ) bụ asụsụ Aslian nke Malaysia . A na-ewere ya dị ka asụsụ Batek dị iche iche.

## ndabere
 
N'ọgwụgwụ 1960s, Geoffrey Benjamin hụrụ ndị na-ekwu okwu Mintil n'etiti ndị ọrịa nke ụlọ ọgwụ Orang Asli na Ulu Gombak, dị nso na Kuala Lumpur . 

## Aha na obodo
A na-akpọkarị ndị mmadụ Batek . Enwere ndị ọkà okwu 400 nke Mintil na mpaghara Lipis, Pahang ndị na-akpọ onwe ha  'ndị nọ n'ìgwè',  'ndị nke Tanum River ', na   . Obodo nta ha bụ: 

* Kampung Sungai Garam (Tɔm Mayɛm) (4° 27' 12” N, 102° 3' 20” E; 2.5 km south of Kampung Dada Kering)
* Kampung Bencah Kelubi (Batuˀ Jalaŋ) (4° 38' 23" N, 101° 58' 45" E; 4 km n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Kampung Telok Gunong)
* Kampung Paya Keladi (Tɔm Hɨyaŋ) (4° 24' 18” N, 101° 55' 27” E; 10 km n'ebe ugwu Kampung Chegar Perah)
* Kampung Tɔm Kəlkɔəˀ (4° 34' 39" N, 101° 59' 43" E; 2 km n'ebe ugwu nke Kampung Kubang Rusa)

## Hụkwa

* Asụsụ Batek

## Ntụaka
gụnyere ụmụ akwụkwọ, ndị ọzọ asusu
Asụsụ Melanau-Kajang

**Asụsụ Melanau–Kajang** ma ọ bụ **asụsụ Central Sarawak** bụ otu asụsụ na-asụ na Kalimantan, Indonesia na Sarawak, Malaysia nke ndị Kenya, Melanau na ndị metụtara ya na-asụ.

## Nhazi

### Smith (2017)
Smith (2017)  na-eji okwu *Central Sarawak* mee ihe, ma tinye ya dị ka alaka ụlọ ọrụ nọọrọ onwe ya n'ime ngalaba nke Greater North Borneo . Ọ na-ahazi asụsụ ndị ahụ dị ka ndị a.

* Melanau (Dalat, Sarikei, Mukah, Balingian, Matu, Sibu, Kanowit)
* Kajang ( Kejaman, Sekapan, Lahanan )
* Punan – Müller-Schwaner
** Punan
*** Punan Bah, Punan Tubu, Sajau
*** Punan Lisum, Punan Aput, Beketan, Ukit, Buket
** Müller-Schwaner
*** Hovongan
*** Kereho, Aoheng, Seputan

## Mmetụta Austroasiatic
Kaufman (2018) na-ekwu na ọtụtụ okwu Proto-Central Sarawak (Smith 2017) nwere ike ịbụ Austroasiatic sitere, gụnyere ndị na-esonụ ( *Rịba ama* : Nrụgharị alaka nke Austroasiatic sitere na Paul Sidwell 's reconstructions; Proto-Pearic sitere na Headley (1985)  ). 

* *siaw 'ọkụkọ' (cf. Proto-Khasic *sʔiar; Proto-Khmuic *(s)ʔiər)
* *tilaŋ ' tiger leech ' (cf. Proto-Katuic *ɟləəŋ)
* * (ị) liŋ 'saliva'

Okwu Proto-Kajang nwere ike ịbụ Austroasiatic sitere:

* *diə̯k 'ọkụkọ' (cf. Proto-Pearic *hlɛːk)
* *(u) bəl 'ogbi' (cf. Proto-Bahnaric *kmlɔː)

Okwu Proto-Müller-Schwaner nwere ike sitere na Austroasiatic:

* * na-agụ 'fish scale'

## Ntụaka
asụsụ na-asụ na Kalimantan, Indonesia na Sarawak

* Rensch, Calvin R. 2012. ''Melanau na Asụsụ Central Sarawak'' . Akụkọ nyocha eletrọnịkị SIL. Ụlọ ọrụ SIL International.
Asụsụ Malay Chetty Creole

**Asụsụ Malay Chetty Creole** (nke a makwaara dị ka **Malaccan Creole Malay**, **Malacca Malay Creole**  na **Chitties/Chetties Malay** ) bụ Creole dabeere na Malay nke Chetties (nke a makwaara dị ka Indian Peranakans) na-asụ, otu pụrụ iche nke Tamil ndị a chọtara na Malacca na Malaysia na Singapore, bụ ndị nakweere omenala Chinese na Mails ha. [ 3 ]

Ndị na-ekwu kemgbe narị afọ nke 16 site n'aka ụmụ ndị ahịa Tamil nke Malacca Straits, Malay Chetty creole nwere ike ịbụ akụkọ ihe mere eme na Sri Lanka Creole Malay . Ọnọdụ asụsụ dị ugbu a na-akawanye njọ, n'ihi n'etiti di na nwunye na ọpụpụ. Enweela mgbanwe asụsụ gaa Malay kama. 

Malay Chetty creole bụ ngwakọta nke Malay, Tamil na Bekee, ọ bụ ezie na ọnụnọ nke ikpeazụ na creole abụghị nke a ma ama ma e jiri ya tụnyere asụsụ abụọ mbụ. N'ihi mmetụta siri ike nke Malay, Malay Chetty creole adịghị iche na olumba Malay ndị ọzọ, karịsịa asụsụ Malacca Malay nke etiti. Ka o sina dị, ọ nwere atụmatụ pụrụ iche nke ya. [ 4 ]

Malay Chetty creole na-ekerịta ọtụtụ atụmatụ na Baba Malay, na-atụ aro na ha nwere ike si n'otu asụsụ ahụ bụ Bazaar Malay . [ 5 ]

## fonology

### Ntụnyere na Standard Malay [ 6 ]

#### Nhichapụ nke ekwentị r na h

* Ikpeazụ  ewepụrụ
**   ≙  'eziokwu'
* /h/ ewepụrụ na mbido, ikpeazụ na etiti ma ewezuga okwu ole na ole
**   ≙  'green'
**   ≙  'ịmara'
** **'  ≙  'ọbara'

==== Monophthongization ====

* Ikpeazụ  na-ebelata ruo ọkara-emechi n'ihu 
** **'  ≙  'yiri'
* Ikpeazụ  na-ebelata ka ọkara-emechi azụ 
** **'  ≙  'Agwaetiti'

==== Nhichapụ ekwentị n'ụyọkọ consonant n'ime okwu Trisyllabic ====

* Ụyọkọ consonant etiti / mb/ belatara ka ọ bụrụ 
** **'  ≙  ' itoolu'

#### Ntinye ekwentị

* Glottal  etinyere n'ọnọdụ ikpeazụ n'okwu ndị na-ejedebe na 
** **'  ≙  'iweta'
** **'  ≙  'ịchọ'
** **  ≙  'ịkọwa'

## Okwu okwu

## Ntụaka

### Nkọwapụta
bụ ezie na ọnụnọ nke ikpeazụ na creole abụghị nke a ma ama ma e jiri ya tụnyere asụsụ


### Akwụkwọ akụkọ
Asụsụ Minriq

**Menriq**, **Mendriq** ma ọ bụ **Minriq** bụ asụsụ Mon-Khmer nke Malaysia a na-asụ na mpaghara ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ, mpaghara Bertam. A na-ewere ya dị ka ihe egwu nke UNESCO. 

## Ntụaka
asụsụ na-asụ na Kalimantan, Indon

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* Bradley, David (2007). Asụsụ nke Mainland South-East Asia. N'asụsụ ndị na-emebi emebi nke Pacific Rim. p. 301-336. Mahadum Oxford Press.

## Njikọ mpụga

* http://projekt.ht.lu.se/rwaai RWAAI (Ebe nchekwa na ebe ọrụ maka ihe nketa a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha)
*  Menriq na RWAAI Digital Archive
Asụsụ Melanau

**Melanau** bụ asụsụ Austronesia a na-asụ n'akụkụ oke osimiri nke Rajang delta na ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Borneo, Sarawak, Malaysia na Brunei . E nwere ọtụtụ olumba—Mukah-Oya, Balingian, Bruit, Dalat, Lawas, Igan, Sarikei, Seghan, Prehan, Segalang, na Siteng. 

## fonology

### Consonants
Melana nwere consonants ndị a. 

### Udaume
Melanu nwere ụdaume ndị a. 

Ụda  nwere ike inwe allophones nke [ ɪ ~ ʌ ʊ ɒ ] æ 

## Ọkpụkpụ

### Udaume na diphthong

* a - 
* na - 
* e – 
* i - 
* o – 
* ị - 
* ina – 
* ihe - 
* eya - 
* ị - 
* ui - 

### Consonants

* b – 
* c – 
* d - 
* g - 
* h – 
* j – 
* k - 
* l - 
* m - 
* n - 
* 
* ny – 
* p - 
* r - 
* s - 
* t - 
* w - 
* y -  

## Ihe ndetu
asụsụ na-asụ na Kalimantan, Indonesia na Sarawak

## Ntụaka

* IFCS Clayre. 1970. "The Spelling of Melanau (nee Milano)," *The Sarawak Museum Journal* 18:330-352.
* Clayre, Iain FCS 1972. Nkọwa ụtọ asụsụ nke Melanau. Mahadum Edinburgh.
* Rensch, Calvin R. 2012. ''Melanau na Asụsụ Central Sarawak'' . Akụkọ nyocha eletrọnịkị SIL. Ụlọ ọrụ SIL International.

## Njikọ mpụga

* Kaipuleohone na-ejide mkpokọta ohere abụọ mepere emepe nke gụnyere ihe asụsụ Balingian (  na  ) yana 
*
Morokodo

Morokodo bụ akara na-aga n'ihu nke Central Sudan nke a na-asụ na South Sudan.

## Aha
A na-eji Kodo- Kodo eme ihe dị ka ụdị dị mkpirikpi maka Morokodo, okwu mkparị nke ndị South Sudan na-eji

Ndị Ma'di- Ma'di na-eji nke a dị ka onye isi anya nke abụọ maka Morokodo.  Ụtụtụ mgbe ndị mmadụ na-ekwu okwu ahụ bụ "Ma'di Mouth" ọtụtụ n'ime n'ime mma ndị yiri ya ka na-amata onwe ha dị ka Ma'di ma na-akpọ onwe ha ndị Ma'di.

Moru: Kodo- Aha nke atọ a na-ejikarị eme ihe.

## Ọnọdụ
Ọ bụ ebe na e nwere ndị na-asụ Morokodo 50,000, e nwere ikike ndị na-ekwu okwu 3,400 n'ụwa niile.  E nwere ihe e biri ebi nke akwụkwọ ahụ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ na ọrụ bụ akwụkwọ ozi ala ọzọ, dị ka isi nke Agba Ọhụrụ na akwụkwọ abụ / ekpere nke obere ozi ala ọzọ ọnwụ.Enweghị ihe omume ama nke ime ka egwuregwu Morokodo dị iche iche ndụ, ndụ, ndị ọzọ dị ka Bekee na Arabic na-aghọ ndị na- na-achịkwa Sudan n'ihi na ọrụ nke ndụ ụfọdụ ahụ iche na ike na-enyere aka..

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
Ìgwè a nwere ma ngosi dị elu [+ATR] na Mgbọrọgwụ ire [-ATR].  ozi mgbasa ewu ewu n'azụ phonemic n' mmekọrịta bụ.  Mgbọrọgwụ ire a tụ tụ akpata bụ ụzọ isiume bụ isi.  N'ihe mmetụta lugume, n'ihe gbasara lugeume, usoro ire dị elu na-achịkwa kore.  Carabedemede [+ATR] na- mgbanwe mgbanwe nke onye agbata obi na ụkwụume [-ATR] ga-adaba na ụzọume [+ATR].

E nwere ọrada atọ n'asụsụ Morokodo: mfe dị n'etiti, dị ala na nke dị elu.  Ma'di nwere ikike na usoro ụfọdụ na-adịghị mma.  Ọdịiche nke aha, ngwaa, adjective, postposition, yana videos adị nke okwu ndị a na-ahụ ahụkebe dị ka nke ọ mgbasa n'ime ndị a, ọ ga-abụkwa nke mgbasa mma a na-akpọ adverbs.  Klas Okwu Okwu nwere ike igosi omume ntụgharị dị iche iche, ma na-adị iche site na arụ ọrụ olu.  Okwu ndị a gbazitere ụgbọ okporo ụzọ iche.  A na-usoro akara niile na ihe ndị na-egosi ahụ.

## Ihe odide

* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Asụsụ Mnong

Asụsụ Mnong (a makwaara dị ka Pnong ma ọ bụ Bunong) (Bunong: ឞូន៝ង) bụ nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Austro-Asia.  Ndị otu Mnong dị na Vietnam na otu Pnong nọ na Cambodia na-asụ ya.

## Nbudata
Na Vietnam, a na-asụ Mnong na mpaghara Đăk Song, Đăk Mil, Đăk R'Lấp, Krông Nô, Gia Nghĩa, na ebe ndị ọzọ dị nso na Đắk Nông Province (Nguyễn & Trương 2009).

## Ụdị dị iche iche
Dị ka Ethnologue si kwuo, e nwere asụsụ anọ dị mkpa: Central, Eastern na Southern Mnong (a na-asụ ha niile na Vietnam), na Kraol (a na'asụ na Cambodia). N'ime otu olumba, ndị otu anaghị aghọta olumba ndị ọzọ. Ọ bụ onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ bụ Richard Phillips mụrụ asụsụ Mnong na mbido afọ 1970. 

Lê, et al. (2014:234-235)  depụtara obere ìgwè ndị na-esonụ nke Mnong na ebe ha dị.

* **Mnông Gar**: n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Lâm Đồng Province na ndịda Lake Lake.
* **Mnông Nong**: na Đắk Nông District na ĐắK Min DistrictÓgbè Đắk Min
* **Mnông Kuênh**: na Krông Pắk DistrictÓgbè Krông Pắk
* Mnông Pré: ọkachasị na Đắk Nông District na ĐắK Min District, na ole na ole na Lak Lake.
* **Mnông Prâng**: gbasasịrị na Đắk Nông District na ĐắK Min District, na ole na ole na ndịda Lak Lake na Japan, Ea Súp District.
* Mnông Rlăm: na Lắk District. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha na ndị Ê-đê nwere mmekọrịta chiri anya.
* **Mnông Bu-đâng**: Japan na Đon, Ea Súp DistrictÓgbè Ea Súp
* Mnông Leonl: na Lắk District. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha na ndị Ê-đê nwere mmekọrịta chiri anya. Ụfọdụ na-ebikwa na Lạc Dương District na Đức Trọng District nke Lâm Đồng Province.
* **Mnông Bu Nor**: na Đắk Nông District na ĐắK Min DistrictÓgbè Đắk Min
* **Mnông Dih Bri**: obere ndị bi na Đắk Nông District; Êa Krông.
* **Mnông Đíp**: Đắk Min District na akụkụ ugwu nke Sông Bé Province.
* **Mnông Biat**: obere ndị bi na mpaghara Sông Bé. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha bi gburugburu ókèala Vietnam-Cambodia.
* **Mnông Bu Đêh**: na mpaghara Sông Bé na Đắk LắkÓgbè Đắk Lắk
* Mnông Si Tô: otu ndị Czech (Mạ Tô) nọ na Đắk Nông District bụ ndị a nabatara n'ime ndị Mnông ("Mnông-ized" ndị Czech) 
* **Mnông K"ah**: otu ndị Ê-đê gbasasịrị na Đắk Nông District, Lắk District, na M'Đrăk District bụ ndị sonyere n'ime ndị Mnông ("Mnông-ized" Ê-đū ndị) 
* **Mnông Phê Đâm**: obere ndị bi naanị na Obodo Quảng Tín, Đắk Nông District.

Obere ndị ọzọ nke Mnong egwu Mnông Rơ Đe, Mnông R"Ông, na Mnông K"Ziêng.

Nguyễn & Trương (2009) na-ekpuchi uwe M'Nông ndị a.

* M'Nông Preh
* Ịṅụ mmanya
* Ndị China
* M'Nông Nâr (Bu Nâr) 
* M'Nông Noong (Bu Noong) 
* M'Nông R'Lâm
* M'Nông Prâng

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụ okwu

* Ihe omuma di iche iche di iche iche.

### Mkpụrụedemede

## Ọnụ ọgụgụ
Aha ndị na-esonụ sitere n'asụsụ dị iche iche nke Mnong sitere na Nguyễn & Trương (2009).

## Ihe odide

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ
 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Mnong na www.peoplesoftheworld.org
Ngarluma

Ngarluma na Kariyarra bụ ndị otu aha, nke bụ nke a nke Asụsụ Ngayarda nke Western Australia, n'Ezin ngwaahịa Pama-Nyungan.  akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na- aro na otu olumba na-atụzi adị, Jaburara, bụ onye nke atọ n'ime ndị na-aga n'ihu.[1]  Otú ọ dị, o doro anya na Jaburara nwere ike iche iche nke e kpuchiri site na ike nke ọnụ ndị na-asụ na-asụ Jaburara na-ahụ pre afu nke 19, ma ikiri ihe ụfọdụ na Jabura nwere ike ịbụ olumba nke Martuthunira (lee n'okpuru).

Ọ bụ ebe na Ngarluma Ndị Kaara, dị ka ụzọ nke usoro, na-dị ibe ha, ndị na-asụ ha na-ewere ha dị ka ahia dị iche iche, na- rie nkewa n'etiti ndị Ngarluma da Kariyarra.  N'ihi ya, ihe ike iwere ha dị ka otu, nke nwere ọtụtụ ihe.

N'okpuruokpuru nkewa nke Carl Georg von Brandenstein na 1967, a na-hazi Ngarluma dị ka ọrụ "Coastal Ngayarda" (ma ọ bụ Ngaryarta), mana nkewa nke otu ahụ n'ime "Coastal" na "Inland" ikezi ele ya anya dị ka ihe ziri ezi ezi..

## Asụsụ

E taka nkewa dị n'etiti Ngarluma na Kariyarra, mmeghe ma ọ bụ atọ ma ọ bụ anọ sub-dialects n'ime Ngarluma.  Otú ọ dị, ụgbọala Jaburara - nke yiri àmà n'etiti ndị Ngarluma na Ndị Jaburara na ala ọdịnala ha bụ obere m nke ndị Ngarloma na ala - bụ isi.  E nwere ihe ngosi nke a: a na-ewere olumba Jaburara mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka olumba n'onwe ya, ma ọ bụ olumba Martuthunira.  E nwere ihe echiche maka echiche nke ikpeazụ na okwu jaburara, nke ere "ndị ugwu" n'asụsụ nke mpaghara ahụ: [1] ala omenala nke Jaburara, na gburugburu Burrup Peninsula, na-agha n'ebe ugwu nke ala Martuthunira (ebe Jaburara na-echeghị n'ebe ike nke ala Ngarluma).).

A na-eji ụdị pidginized nke Ngarluma mee ihe dị ka ịhụnanya n'Iji ahụ.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụedemede

* A pụkwara ịnụ ụda  dị ka tap [ɾ].
* Mkpụrụ okwu ndị na-esote ụdaume na-apụta na fonetically dị ka   . 

## Mpaghara asụsụ / ókèala
Ndị Kariyarra, tupu ndị Europe ebido biri na mpaghara site na Osimiri Yule n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ruo Port Hedland na ndịda ruo Hamersley Range.

Native Title Determination Area (gụnyere ala Jaburara) na-ekpuchi ahụ n'ebe ndịda site na Point Samson, Cossack, Wickham, Roebourne, ruo n'ókè ugwu nke Millstream-Chichester National Park na;  site n'ịtụle nke ọnụ igwe nke Maitland n'ụdị, tusaale nke ruo Peawah dị nso na Whim Creek, obodo obodo Dampier na Karratha.

Otú ọ dị, ókèala a na-ese okwu n'ihi ihe abụọ: ọ na-agụnye mpaghara ndị ọtụtụ ndị Martuthunira na-ewere dị ka mba ọdịnala na; maka ebumnuche iwu, ọ naghị agụnye mpaghara ndị Ọtụtụ ndị Ngarluma na-ewere na ha ga-adaba na mba ọdịnala ha.   &#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Ihe edeturu n'okpuru ala
Asụsụ Tutoh

**Tutoh**, makwaara dị ka ***Long Wat***, bụ asụsụ Kenya nke Sarawak, Malaysia, nke a na-asụ n'akụkụ osimiri Tutoh . A na-asụ ya n'ime obodo Long Wat na n'obodo Miri nke Borne, ebe agbanyeghị na ọtụtụ na-atụgharị na Malay.

## Njikọ mpụga
Asụsụ obodo
Asụsụ Tring

**Tring** bụ otu n'ime asụsụ Borneo, na Sarawak, Malaysia . *Ethnologue* na-ekewa asụsụ dị ka egwu. 

## Ntụaka
Asụsụ obofo

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* Sidney H. Ray. 1913.  . Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Sarawak 1 (4). 1-196.
* Robert Blust. 2010. The Greater North Borneo Hypothesis. Asụsụ Oceanic 49(1). 44-118. JSTOR 40783586

## Njikọ mpụga

* Nchịkọta Robert Blust Kaipuleohone gụnyere
Asụsụ Tariang

**Taliang** (Tariang, Talieng, Trieng) bụ asụsụ Bahnaric nke ndị Jeh-Tariang bi na Laos na Vietnam na-asụ. O nwere ike ịbụ na ọ metụtara asụsụ Stieng nke Vietnam na Cambodia. 

E nwere asụsụ dị iche iche nke ejirila aha *Taliang/Trieng*, nke pụtara 'headhunters'; SEALang na-ekewa abụọ n'ime ndị a dị ka olumba nke otu asụsụ Kasseng. 

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ
Ụlọ ọrụ nyocha omenala. Ministry of Information and Culture. 2003. Ndụ na ụlọ nke ndị Tariang. Ndị nkwado: Japan Foundation Asia Center.

## Ntụaka
pụtara 'headhunters'; SEALang na-ekewa abụọ 

## Njikọ mpụga

* http://projekt.ht.lu.se/rwaai RWAAI (Ebe nchekwa na ebe ọrụ maka ihe nketa a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha)
*  Talieng na RWAAI Digital Archive
Esther Gottesman

**Esther G. Gottesman** (née **Garfunkel**; 1898-October 1, 1997) bụ onye America na-enyere ndị mmadụ aka na onye Zionist.

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ Ya
Gottesman bụ nwa nwanyị nke Aaron na Sarah Garfunkel. Nna ya bụ onye guzobere Federation of Jewish Philanthropies .  Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum New York n'afọ 1921, afọ ọ lụrụ onye ọrụ ụlọ akụ na onye nchịkwa ntinye ego bụ Benjamin Gottesman; ọ nwụrụ n'afọ 1979.

## Ọrụ Ya
Gottesman bụ onye nnọchiteanya na Nzukọ Zionist nke mbụ na-esote Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, nke emere na Basel, Switzerland, n'afọ 1946.  Ọ bụụrụ onye òtù World Zionist Organization Action Committee n'afọ ndị mbụ nke mba Israel.

Ọ nọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Board of Jewish Education (New York) .  Ọ bụ onye òtù bọọdụ nke Hadassah Women's Zionist Organization of America site n'afọ 1946 ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ. 

A na-ekwu na Gottesman mepụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ụlọ Hadassah la ọ ghọọ Hadassah Magazine. 

Gottesman rụgidere nwanne di ya Samuel Gottesman zụta Akwụkwọ Mpịakọta Oké Osimiri Nwụrụ Anwụ ma nye ha Israel; ezinụlọ ahụ wuru Shrine of the Book na ọ́báǹkà Israel iji jide akwụkwọ mpịakọta ndị ahụ.

## Ndụ onwe onye Ya
Gottesman nwere ụmụ nwoke abụọ, David S. Gottesman na Milton M. Gottesman. 

Gottesman na di ya bụ ndị nyere onyinye na Mahadum Yeshiva, ebe a kpọkwasịrị Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ Mendel Gottesman aha nna di ya.

## Edensibia
Asụsụ Semnam

**Semnam** bụ asụsụ Austroasiatic nke Semnam na-asụ,  ebo ndị Lanoh, na Peninsular Malaysia . Ọ mejupụtara akụkụ nke ngalaba Senoic, n'akụkụ asụsụ Sabüm, Semai, Temiar na Lanoh .

## Ntụaka
mejupụtara akụkụ

## Njikọ mpụga

* http://projekt.ht.lu.se/rwaai RWAAI (Ebe nchekwa na ebe ọrụ maka ihe nketa a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha)
*  Semnam na RWAAI Digital Archive
Asụsụ Majhwar

**Majhwar** bụ asụsụ Munda akwadoghị nke ọma, o doro anya na ọ metụtara ma ọ bụ olumba Asuri,  na-asụ na ugwu Chhattisgarh na mpaghara Sonbhadra nke Uttar Pradesh site n'ebo Majhwar.

Taa, ndị Majhwar niile na-edekọ asụsụ ala nna ha dị ka asụsụ Indo-Aryan dị ka Chhattisgarhi, Surgujia na Sadri . 

## Ntụaka
doro anya na ọ metụtara ma ọ
Asụsụ Semnani

**Asụsụ Semnani** ma ọ bụ **asụsụ Komisenian** bụ otu asụsụ Northwwest Iranian,  a na-asụ na mpaghara Semnan (naanị ndị na-asụ obodo 68,700 na 2019  ) nke Iran nke na-ekekọrịta ọtụtụ njirimara asụsụ na nhazi asụsụ na asụsụ ndị Iran . A na-akpọkwa asụsụ ndị a “olumba” n'ebe ụfọdụ. Asụsụ Semnaị bụ ụmụ Parthia nke ekpochapụworo ebe a na-asụ Caspian sitere na Median ekpochapụworo . 

E nwere asụsụ Semnaị isii a kpọrọ aha n’akwụkwọ ahụ. Ụfọdụ nwere ike ịbụ olumba, mana enwere obere ọrụ ebipụtara na mmekọrịta ha. 

* Semnani (gụnyere otu n'ime ọtụtụ olumba akpọrọ 'Biyabunaki')
* Sangsari
* Sorkhei
* Aftari
* Lasgerdi

## Nhazi ihe eji eme ihe

## Ihe ndetu
ekekọrịta ọtụtụ njirimara asụsụ na nhazi asụsụ na asụsụ ndị Iran . A na-akpọkwa a
Asụsụ Segai

**Segai**, nke a makwaara dị ka **Punan Kelai**, bụ asụsụ Kayanic a na-asụ n'ọtụtụ obodo n'akụkụ osimiri Kelai, Berau Regency, East Kalimantan, Indonesia . 

## fonology

### Consonants

### Udaume

Diphthong na-emekwa dị ka , ,  .

## Njikọ mpụga
na-asụ n'ọtụtụ obodo
Asụsụ Semai

**Semai** (  ) bụ asụsụ Austroasiatic nke ọdịda anyanwụ Malaysia nke ihe dị ka ndị Semai 60,438 na-asụ. Ọ bụ otu n'ime asụsụ Aslian ole na ole nke na-adịghị n'ihe ize ndụ, ma nweekwa puku asụsụ abụọ na-asụ otu asụsụ. Ndị isi atọ na-asụ ya ugbu a; Northern Semai, Central Semai na Southern Semai.

## fonology
Otu akụkụ pụtara ìhè nke ụda olu Semai bụ usoro nkwuwapụta nkwuwapụta ya na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe nke ukwuu, na-egosi nbipụta na-akwụsịghị site na nsọtụ nke ntọala onye nrụpụta, si otú a na-etolite obere nkeji okwu .

### Udaume

### Consonants

## Ihe atụ
Ọmụmaatụ okwu na Semai gụnyere ndị a:

## Na omenala ewu ewu

* *Asli* (2017),  ihe nkiri nke David Liew duziri, bụ banyere nwa agbọghọ agbụrụ abụọ n'okporo ụzọ iji chọpụta ihe nketa ọdịnala ya, bụ ihe nkiri izizi jiri asụsụ Semai na 50% nke mkparịta ụka ya. 

## Ntụaka
obodo 68,700 na 2019 [1] ) nke Iran nke na-ekekọrịtana-asụ n'ọtụtụ obodo

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ
Asụsụ Seru

**Seru** ma ọ bụ **Sru Dayak** bụ asụsụ Austronesian ekpochapụla na Sarawak na Borneo. Smith (2017) na-ekewa ya dị ka asụsụ Punan .  Asụsụ a edeghị ya ede. 

## Ntụaka
ndị bi n’agwaetiti ahụ,
Asụsụ Serua

Serua bụ akara Austronesian na-dịdị adị nke a na-asụ na Serua Island na Maluku, Indonesia.  A kpọ ikike ndị ọkà okwu na Seram n'ihi ọrụ mgbawa ugwu na Serua.  Asụsụ ahụ na-aga n'ihu n'obodo ndị dị na Waipia na Seram, ebe ndị bi n'abụetiti ahụ biri, akara ndị si Nila na Teun.  N'ebe a, ụgbọ ndị ikom okenye alụlụ dị ka ụdị siri ike.  A sere na ọ dịghịzi na 2024. 

Na na-achọ WWII, a kpọgara ọtụtụ ndị Seruans na Netherlands.  Ebe ọ bụ na ha ngosi ogidi n' ndị ndị Dutch n'oge teere onwe Indonesia, ha onyonyo nke KNIL.  Ndị otu TNS (Teun Nila Serua) na- nchoputa obodo na Netherlands, mana nkwado edebe ahụ.

## Okwu ndị e kwuru
Noko nwere ike - 'Olee otu ị si?'

 - 'M dị mma'

 - 'Ego'

Kupna gwa Tella waitna - 'Enweghị m ego'

 - 'Ọ dị egwu ruo mgbe e mesịrị, m ga-echere gị mgbe niile.'

Abụ nke heave-ho iji soro ụgbọ mmiri na-adọkpụ gaa n'ikpere mmiri: 

## Ihe odide

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ
M. A. Chlenov na Chlenova, Svetlana. 2000. Serua, asụsụ na-apụ n'anya n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Indonesia. Na Nataliya F. Alieva (ed.), *Malaysko-indoneziyskiye issledovaniya*, XVI, 265-299. Moscow
Asụsụ Semaq Beri

**Semaq Beri** (Semoq Beri) bụ asụsụ Austroasiatic a na-asụ na Peninsula Malay na steeti Pahang na Terengganu. Ọ bụ nke mpaghara ndịda nke asụsụ Aslian, yana Semelai, Temoq na Mah Meri . Nkọwa mbido nke asụsụ Semaq Beri nke Nicole Kruspe bipụtara na 2014.

## Ntụaka
Asụsụ obodo unu

## Njikọ mpụga

* http://projekt.ht.lu.se/rwaai RWAAI (Ebe nchekwa na ebe ọrụ maka ihe nketa a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha)
*  Semaq Beri na RWAAI Digital Archive
Asụsụ Ogbi nke Haiphong

**Asụsụ Ogbi nke Haiphong** bụ asụsụ ndi ntị chiri nke obodo Haiphong na Vietnam. Ọ bụ ihe dị ka 50% jikọtara ya na asụsụ ndị ogbi ndị ọzọ nke Vietnam, ma asụsụ ogbi nke French emetụtabeghị ha ozugbo ọ kụziri n'ụlọ akwụkwọ Vietnamese maka ndị ntị chiri. Ọ na-ekekọrịta asụsụ nke Old Chiangmai–Bangkok ezinụlọ Asụsụ ogbi nke Thailand; Asụsụ ndị nti chiri nke obodo Vietnam, Thailand na Laos nwere ike jikọta ya na usoro ọmụmụ, ma ọ bụ enwere ike inwe akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmegharị ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mere ka ha nwee okwu ọnụ.

## Ntụaka


## Hụkwa

* Asụsụ ndị ogbi nke Vietnam
* Ezinụlọ Asụsụ Ogbi Chiangmai-Bangkok Ochie
Asụsụ Sebop

**Sebob** (Sebop, Cebop) bụ asụsụ Kenya nke Sarawak .

## Njikọ mpụga
Asụsụ obodo

* Kaipuleohone echekwala  na  maka Sebop
Asụsụ Kayan (Borneo)

**Kayan** (Kajan, Kayan kwesịrị ekwesị) bụ ụyọkọ olumba nke ndị Borneo na-asụ . Ọ bụ ụyọkọ nke olumba nwere njikọ chiri anya nwere oke nghọta n'etiti, ma n'onwe ya bụ akụkụ nke otu Kayan-Murik nke asụsụ Austronesia .

Baram Kayan bụ asụsụ azụmaahịa mpaghara. Bahau bụ akụkụ nke ụyọkọ olumba, &#x5B; &#x5D; ** agbụrụ Kayan.

## Nhazi nke ime
Glottolog v4.8 na-ahazi ụyọkọ olumba dị ka ndị a:

## fonology
Ihe a dabere na olumba Baram:

### Consonants

*  can be heard as either a tap  or a trill  in free variation.
*  can be heard as  when in free fluctuation with [k] in word-medial position.
*  can be realized as more fronted  when preceding high vocoids.
*  may also be heard as a palatalized stop  in free fluctuation.
*  may also be heard as  in free variation, and may also fluctuate to a stop sound .

### Udaume

* Ekwuru na ogologo [Vː] na-eme na mgbanwe efu ma ọ bụ n'ọnọdụ ikpeazụ.
*  enwere ike ịnụ dị ka  n'ọkwa mbụ ma ọ bụ nke etiti, ma ọ bụ na mgbanwe n'efu na  .
*  nwekwara ike ịnụ ka  n'ọnọdụ okwu-etiti.
*  enwere ike ịnụ dị ka  tupu etiti ma ọ bụ ikpeazụ  ma ọ bụ  .
*  enwere ike ịnụ ka  mgbe tupu a  ma ọ bụ , ma ọ bụ na mgbanwe na  . 

## Njikọ mpụga
chiri anya nwere oke nghọta n'etiti, ma n'onwe
Asụsụ Kamano

**Kamano** (Kamano-Kafe) bụ asụsụ Papuan a na-asụ na Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea .

## Nhọpụta
A na-eji okwu 'Kamano' na 'Kamano-Kafe' na-ezo aka na asụsụ a na-asụ na mpaghara Henganofi, ọ bụ ezie na n'ime akwụkwọ mmụta asụsụ Kamano na-ezo aka n'ụdị ụfọdụ dị n'ime otu Kamano-Yagaria, otu olumba nke Eastern Highlands Province 

## fonology

### Consonants

* Ụda consonant /ptkmnz/ nwere ike inwe ụda preglottalized [ˀp ˀt ˀk ˀm ˀn ˀz] na-eme okwu-medialy.
* Ekwentị /f/ nwere ike ịdị na mgbanwe n'efu yana fricative bibial na-enweghị olu [ɸ].

### Udaume

* /e/ nwere ike ime dị ka [ɛ] okwu-mbụ ma ọ bụ okwu-medially.
* /a/ nwere ike ime okwu na mbido dị ka [ʌ]. 

## Njikọ nkebiokwu
Kamano Kafe na-egosipụta ụdị pụrụ iche nke sistemu ịgbụ nkebiokwu a na-akọwakarị n'asụsụ Papuan. Njikọ nkebiokwu n'asụsụ Papuan na-agụnyekarị otu ngwaa etiti ma ọ bụ karịa nwere ohere ọdịdị ọdịdị nwere oke ịnọ n'okpuru ngwaa ikpeazụ emetụtara nke ọma. Ngwaa etiti dị na ụdọ nkebiokwu ndị a na-ejikarị usoro ntụnye ngbanwe yana ogo nkwekọrịta dị iche iche na ngwaa ikpeazụ. Usoro Kamano, n'adịghị ka usoro nkebi ahịrịokwu ndị ọzọ na New Guinea, nwere onye chọrọ na nkwekọrịta nọmba na isiokwu ndị dị elu.  Enyere otu ihe atụ n'okpuru.
 

## Ntụaka
ezie na n'ime akwụkwọ mmụta asụsụ Kamano Asusu
Lola Kramarsky

**Violet "Lola" Ingeborg Else Kramarsky** (née **Popper**; 1896 - February 28, 1991) bụụrụ onye isi oche nke Hadassah Women's Zionist Organization of America site n'afọ 1960 ruo 1964.  Ọ nwụrụ n'afọ 1991.  Ọ lụrụ Siegfried Kramarsky site n'afọ 1921 ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ n'afọ 1961.

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ntuziaka maka Hadassah Archives on Long-term Deposit at the American Jewish Historical Society
Asụsụ Wetarese

**Wetarese** bụ asụsụ Austronesia nke Wetar, agwaetiti dị na ndịda Maluku, Indonesia, na nke agwaetiti Liran dị nso. 

## ndabere
Ụdị dị iche iche nke Wetarese na Wetar anọ a chọpụtara &#x2013; Aputai, Iliʼuun, Perai na Tugun &#x2013; dị iche nke ukwuu nke na ụfọdụ nwere ike were ha dị ka asụsụ dị iche iche.

Wetarese nwere njikọ chiri anya na Galoli (nke a na-ekwu n'ebe ugwu ụsọ oké osimiri nke East Timor na ndị obodo kwabatara na ndịda ụsọ oké osimiri Wetar) na Atauran (nke a na-asụ n'agwaetiti Atauro ).

## fonology
Nke a na-anọchi anya olumba Tugun: 

### Consonants

*  may also be heard as  in free variation.
*  is mainly heard as  in word-final position or in slower speech, it is heard as  elsewhere.
*  only occurs in word-medial positions.

### Udaume

* Ụda  a na-anụkwa ka  . 

## Nkọwapụta

## Ntụaka
 otu obere asụsụ Aslian . Ndị Semelai na-ebikarị na Bera, Serting na sistemu osimiri
Brunei Malay

**Brunei Malay**, nke a na-akpọkwa **Brunei Malay** ( Malay   ; Jawi :

## fonology
Egosiri ngwa ahịa consonantal nke Brunei Malay n'okpuru:  

ndetu:

#  is dental in many varieties of Malay, but it is alveolar in Brunei.
#  is velar in initial position, but it is realised as uvular  in coda.
# Parenthesised sounds occur only in loanwords.
# All consonants can occur in word-initial position, except . Therefore, Standard Malay  'forest' became  in Brunei Malay, and Standard Malay  'black' became .
# All consonants can occur in word-final position, except the palatals  and voiced plosives . Exceptions can be found in a few borrowed words such as  'March' and  'kebab'.
# Some analysts exclude  and  from this table because they are 'margin high vowels', while others include /w/ but exclude /j/.

Brunei Malay nwere usoro ụdaume atọ: , ,  .   A na-egosi mgbanwe ụda olu na mmezu nke ụdaume ndị a n'ime nkata dị n'aka nri, dabere n'ịgụ obere ederede nke otu nwanyị na-ekwu okwu. 

## Iji asụsụ
Enwere ike were Brunei Malay, Kedayan na Kampong Ayer dị ka olumba asụsụ Malay. Ndị Brunei na-achị ọnụ ọgụgụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-eji *Brunei Malay*, bụ ndị na-ebi na mmiri, ebe *Kedayan* na-eji ndị ọrụ ugbo bi n'ala eme ihe, ndị bi n'osimiri nke ugwu nke isi obodo na-eji *olumba Kampong Ayer* .   A na-eme atụmatụ na 94% nke okwu Brunei Malay na Kedayan nwere njikọ na lex. 

Coluzzi mụrụ akara okporo ụzọ na Bandar Seri Begawan, isi obodo Brunei Darussalam . Onye nyocha ahụ kwubiri na ewezuga Chinese, "asụsụ ndị pere mpe na Brunei enweghị ọhụụ ma na-arụ ọrụ dị oke oke karịa ezinụlọ na obere obodo." 

## Okwu okwu

.

## Ọmụmụ
Ọtụtụ ndị nchọpụta ọdịda anyanwụ na Borneo chịkọtara ma bipụtakwa okwu Brunei Malay gụnyere Pigafetta na 1521, De Crespigny na 1872, Charles Hose na 1893, AS Haynes na 1900, Sidney H. Ray na 1913, HB Marshall na 1921, na Mac Brunei na 1922ryan na GT. gụnyere na *A Malay-English Dictionary* nke RJ Wilkinson dere.   

## Ntụaka
dịkarịa ala impressionistically ugboro abụọ ka ogologo oge ndị ọzọ na-akwụsị. Ha dị iche na /b d͇ ɡ/ n'okpuru

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ