open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Asụsụ Uneapa

**Uneapa** (a na-akpọkarị " **Bali** ", nke bụ  ) bụ asụsụ Oceanic nke ihe dị ka mmadụ 10,000 na-asụ n’obere agwaetiti Bali ( Uneapa ), n’ebe ugwu West New Britain na Papua New Guinea . O nwere ike ịbụ olumba nke agbata obi Vitu . Uneapa bụ otu n'ime asụsụ Oceanic kacha echekwa echekwa, ebe ejirila ụdaume echo mee ka ọtụtụ n'ime nkwenye ikpeazụ nke Proto-Oceanic, dị ka  'ụlọ'>  na  'ọjọọ' >  .

Malcolm Ross ebipụtara sketch ụtọ ụtọ asụsụ a n'afọ 2002.

## Aha
 
Aha *Uneapa* bụ mgbanwe nke aha obodo  maka agwaetiti . Na Vitu, otu agwaetiti a na-akpọ  . Aha abụọ a nwere ike si na ụdị proto  ma ọ bụ , na-atụgharị uche na mgbakwunye nke ụdaume echo na Uneapa na mfu nke consonants ikpeazụ na Vitu mgbe niile.

Aha ọzọ *Bali*, nke ndị mba ọzọ na-eji, sitere na okwu  nke pụtara 'ịghara ịbụ'. Ọ dịghị ihe jikọrọ ya na àgwàetiti Indonesia a na-ewu ewu nke a na-akpọ Bali, bụ ebe obibi nke asụsụ nwere njikọ tere aka nke a na-akpọ Balinese .

## Nhazi
 
Uneapa, yana Vitu gbara agbata obi, mebere otu obere n'ime ụyọkọ Meso-Melanesian nke asụsụ Oceanic . A na-ewere ha abụọ mgbe ụfọdụ ka ha bụ otu asụsụ, nke a na-akpọ Bali-Vitu. Agbanyeghị, enwere ụfọdụ ndịiche, ọkachasị na ngwa ekwentị ha, njide consonants ikpeazụ (nke furu efu na Vitu), sistemụ nnọchiaha, na nhọrọ okwu. N'ozuzu, Uneapa na-eche na ọ na-echekwa karịa Vitu n'ọtụtụ akụkụ.

## fonology
 
Na ụda olu, Uneapa nwere ụdaume ise na consonants iri na anọ.
 
Uneapa nwere usoro phonotactic dị mfe, ma V, CV, VV, CVV. Nchegbu dị na mkpụrụ edemede penultimate . Nhọrọ, ụdaume clitic-ikpeazụ nwere ike ịla n'iyi, dị ka  n'okpuru 'adịghị' na-aghọ  .

## Ihe atụ ahịrịokwu
Ahịrịokwu na-esonụ na-egosi nchegharị nke Uneapa metụtara Proto-Oceanic . 
 
Proto-Oceanic:
 

## Ntụaka

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Paradaịsc nwere nchịkọta Malcolm Ross ( MR1 ) nke gụnyere ihe asụsụ Uneapa.
Nezha Chekrouni

Nouzha Chekrouni (Arabic: نزهة الشقروني ; amuru 1955, Meknes) bu onye okacha amara na onye ndu di elu na Mahadum Harvard onye nwetara akara ugo mmụta doctorate na linguistics si Sorbonne Nouvelle na Paris. Ọ bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Socialist Union of Popular Forces Party nke Morocco na onye nnọchi anya-Minista maka ndị Moroccan bi ná mba ọzọ na kabinet nke Driss Jettou (2002-2007), Delegate-Minister for Women Conditions, Family and Children Protection na Secretary of State for the Handicapped in the cabinet of Abder-rahman (1998 el-09). Kemgbe Jenụwarị 2009 ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya Morocco na Canada.[1] [2] [3] [4] Dr. Chekrouni bụ prọfesọ nke mmụta asụsụ na ngalaba nke Arts & Social Sciences na mahadum Meknes.. 

## Hụkwa

* Kọmitii nke Morocco

## Edemsibia

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Asụsụ Ninggerum

**Ninggerum** bụ otu n'ime asụsụ Ok nke Papua New Guinea na South Papua, Indonesia . Na Indonesia, a na-akpọ asụsụ ahụ **Ningrum** ma na-asụ ya na Kampung Jetetkun (Ninati District), Kampung Binkauk, na Kampung Detaw na Boven Digoel Regency . 

Ọ bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ asụsụ nwere njikọ akpọrọ **[[Asụsụ Muyu|Muyu]]** .

## fonology

### Consonants

## Ntụaka
akpọ asụsụ ahụ Ningrum ma na-asụ ya 

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

*
Jacqueline Kouwenhoven

**Jacqueline Kouwenhoven** bụ onye omeiwu maka Rumphi West na Malawi .   Ọchịchị Kouwenhoven malitere na 2014-05-20.

## Ndụ
A mụrụ Kouwenhoven na Netherlands mana ọ bịarutere Africa na 1983, na-arụ ọrụ na ahụike na Cameroon na Mali tupu ya etinye na Malawi na 2000..

N'afọ 2018 ọ na-eje ozi dịka onye omeiwu nọọrọ onwe ya. Ọ gbapụrụ ebubo na ọ bụ "onye mba ọzọ" na-ekwupụta na ya bu n'obi ịnwụ na Malawi

## Edemsibia

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Asụsụ Lawunuia

**Lawunuia** (a na-akpọkwa **Piva** ) bụ asụsụ Austronesian a na-asụ n'akụkụ osimiri Piva na mpaghara kwụụrụ onwe nke Bougainville, Papua New Guinea .  Ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na Banoni ;  n'otu, Lawununia na Banoni mebere otu n'ime ngalaba ise nke Northwest Solomonic, bụ nnukwu otu n'ime asụsụ Oceanic . 

## Ntụaka
akpọ asụsụ ahụ Ningrum ma na-asụ ya na Kampung
Rkia Derham

Rkia Derham (amụrụ 1978) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Moroccan bụ onye jere ozi dị ka odeakwụkwọ nke steeti maka azụmaahịa mba ofesi n'etiti Eprel 2017 na Ọktọba 2019.

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Derham na 1978 na Las Palmas, Spain, n'agbanyeghị na edeghị aha ọmụmụ ya ruo 1979 na Laayoune, Western Sahara. Ọ bụ onye ezinụlọ Sahrawi. Nna ya, Mohammed Fadhul al-Durham, lụrụ ọgụ na Moroccan Army of Liberation megide ndị Spen, na nwanne nna ya Si Ahmed al-Durham bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ sonyere na ntuli aka na mpaghara ndịda mgbe nnwere onwe gasịrị.

Derham gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Rabat ma gụsịrị akwụkwọ na International Institute of Graduate Studies na Morocco .  Ọ gụrụ maka Masters na Business Management na Great Britain.

## Ọrụ
Derham bụ onye otu Socialist Union of Popular Forces. Ọ gbara ọsọ enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma na ntuli aka 2007 maka mpaghara mpaghara na Rabat.[1] N'afọ 2011, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Ụlọ Ndị Nnọchiteanya. E mechara họpụta ya osote onyeisi oche nke Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Na-ahụ Maka Mba Ọzọ..

N'ụbọchị nke ise n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2017, Eze Mohammed nke Isii họpụtara Derham ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ nke steeti maka ihe gbasara mba ọzọ n'ọchịchị Saadeddine Othmani.

## Ndụ onwe onye
Nwanne Derham, Mohamed Derham, bụ onye isi nke Atlas Sahara tupu ọnwụ ya na 2015. Nwa nwanne ya nwoke kpatara esemokwu n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe a họpụtara ya dị ka Minista mgbe o sere onwe ya na-akpata ihe mberede ụgbọ ala mgbe ọ ṅụbigara mmanya ókè.

## Edemsibia

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Amina Lemrini

Amina Lemrini El Ouahabi bụ onye Moroccan na-akwado ikike mmadụ, na onye isi ala Morocco's Haute Autorité de la Communication audiovisuelle (Higher Council of Audiovisual Communication).

## Oge ọ malitere
Lamrini nwetara PhD (doctorat d'État) na sayensị agụmakwụkwọ. 

## Ọrụ
Lamrini bụ onye guzobere na onye bụbu onye isi oche nke Democratic Association of Moroccan Women (Association Démocratique des Femmes Marocaines).

Lamrini bụ onye guzobere Moroccan Organization for Human Rights (OMDH). 

N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2012, Eze Mohammed nke Isii họpụtara Lamrini dị ka onye isi oche nke Kansụl Kasị Elu nke Nkwurịta Okwu Audiovisual, na Royal Palace na Rabat .  Ọ nọchiri  Ahmed Ghazali, na-esochi ịchụpụ ya na mberede.[1] A na-akpọ ya "un choix emblématique" (nhọrọ akara ngosi), na onye aka ekpe kwadoro ikike mmadụ na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya..

## Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara
Lamrini ebipụtala akwụkwọ ntuziaka nkuzi gbasara agụmakwụkwọ na ikike ụmụaka, ma dee edemede na mbipụta gbasara okwu ndị gbara nnwere onwe ụmụ nwanyị gburugburu gụnyere, "L"image de la femme dans le discours scolaire" na "Femmes et développement humain: cas du Maroc".

## Ndụ onwe onye
Ọ bụ nne ụmụ abụọ.

## Edemsibia

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Asụsụ Urat

**Urat** (Wasep, Wusyep) bụ asụsụ Torricelli nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ na-ebelata asụ na Papua New Guinea .

Ndị mmadụ 2,480 na-asụ ya na Wasep Ngau (olumba North Urat), 2,060 na Wusyep Yihre (olumba Urat etiti), 1,210 na Wasep Yam (olumba ndịda Urat), na 550 na Wusyep Tepe (olumba ọwụwa anyanwụ Urat).  

## fonology
N'adịghị ahụkebe maka asụsụ Papuan, Urat nwere mmiri mmiri anọ na-enweghị olu na ọkara ụdaume, bụ ɬ, r̥, w̥, na j̥. Urat consonants bụ: 

Ụdaume Urat bụ: 

## Nkpọaha
Aha aha bụ: 

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* Barnes, Barney. 1989. *Urat Grammar Mkpa* . Edemede edebeghị. Ukarumpa, PNG: Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ọdịda Anyanwụ Ụwa.

## Ntụaka
Maguy Kakon

Maguy Kakon (amụrụ 1953 na Casablanca) bụ onye edemede Moroccan, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye na-ahụ maka ụlọ.

## Akụkọ ndụ
Maguy (Marie-Yvonne) Kakon mụrụ na ezinụlọ ndị Juu na Marrakech. Ndị mụrụ ya, David na Dina Gabay, bụ otu n'ime ndị di na nwunye kasị baa ọgaranya n'obodo ahụ. Nna ya bụ onye mmepụta ihe. Ezinụlọ ya kwagara Paris na 1971. [1] Mgbe alụmdi na nwunye ya gasịrị, ọ gara biri na Casablanca.

N'afọ 2007, Kakon ghọrọ nwanyị Juu mbụ gbara ọsọ maka ọkwa ọchịchị na Morocco.  Dị ka onye isi nke Social Centre Party (Parti centre social), ọ gbara ọsọ na ntuli aka ndị omeiwu Moroccan nke afọ 2007, mana o nwetaghị oche mgbe pati ya agafeghị ọnụ ọgụgụ kacha nta nke ntuli aka. N'afọ 2009, ọ gbara ọsọ na ntuli aka ime obodo nke Casablanca. N'afọ 2011, ọ mara ọkwa na ọ ga-azọ ọkwa na ntuli aka ndị omeiwu Moroccan nke afọ 2011. 

Maguy Kakon lụrụ Aime Kakon, otu n'ime ndị isi na-ewu ụlọ na Morocco. Ha nwere ụmụ anọ. Nne Kakon na nwanne ya nwanyị nke ọ tọrọ bi na Holon, Israel.

## Mgbalị ọha na eze
Kakon malitere ọrụ nkwado ya n'okpuru nkwado nke American Women's Club, bụ ọgbakọ na-ahụ maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị na Morocco.[1] Ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'ịkwalite agụmakwụkwọ maka ụmụ nwanyị. O kwenyere na ịkụziri ụmụ nwanyị ihe ga-agbanwe ihu ọha Moroccan.

## Ọrụ ndị e bipụtara

* La Cuisine juive du Maroc de mère en fille (Nri ndị Juu nke Morocco: Site n'aka nne gaa n'aka nwa nwanyị) 
* Omenala na omenala nke ndị Juu nke Morocco (Omenala na ọdịnala nke ndị Juu na Morocco) 

## Edemsibia

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Asụsụ Kombio

**Kombio** bụ asụsụ Torricelli nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ na-ebelata asụ na Papua New Guinea, ka ndị mmadụ na-atụgharị na Tok Pisin . Ọ na-akpọkwa aha *Endangen* . Olumba Mwi dị iche iche, mana enwere ụfọdụ ihe isi ike na nghọta n'etiti olu ndị ọzọ bụ isi (Wampukuamp, Yanimoi, Wampurun).

## Nkpọaha
Mkpọaha Kombio bụ: 

## Ntụaka
nwere njikọ chiri anya na Asụsụ Biyom ma bụrụkwa 

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ

* Henry, Joan. 1992. Kombio Grammar Mkpa . Ụlọ ọrụ Summerlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Asụsụ.
Rajaâ Cherkaoui El Moursli

Rajaâ Cherkaoui El Moursli (amụrụ 12 Mee 1954) bụ Prọfesọ Moroccan nke physics nuklia, na ngalaba sayensị n'ime Mahadum Mohammad V nke Rabat. Ọ meriri ihe nrite L'Oréal-UNESCO maka ụmụ nwanyị na sayensị maka ọrụ ya na Higgs Boson.

## Ndụ
A mụrụ El Moursli na Salé na 1954. O nwetara akara ugo mmụta mbụ ya na mgbakọ na mwepụ na Lycée Descartes, Rabat.[1] Ya na nna ya ga-arụrịta ụka n'okwu ahụ mgbe ahụ ka ọ bụrụ nwa agbọghọ nke ga-ahapụ Morocco na-achọghị mgbanwe gaa n'ihu mụọ ihe. Ọ na-ekwu na ihe Neil Armstrong rụzuru na onye nkụzi ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị kpaliri ya.[2] Ọ gara gụrụ akwụkwọ na Grenoble na France ebe ọ nwetara akara mmụta doctorate na physics na Laboratoire de Physique subatomique et cosmologie nke bụ akụkụ nke Mahadum Joseph Fourier. Na 1982 ọ laghachiri Rabat.

N'afọ 2015, e nyere ya Onyinye L'Oréal-UNESCO maka ụmụ nwanyị na sayensị maka Afrịka na steeti Arab. Ihe nrite ahụ kwuru na ọ nyere aka na ihe akaebe nke ịdị adị nke Higgs Boson. Akụkụ a bụ ihe kpatara okike nke oke. El Moursli welitere ọkwa nke nyocha sayensị na nlekọta ahụike nke Morocco. A nabatara nke ikpeazụ n'ihi na o guzobere nzere masta mbụ na physics ahụike.

Dave Charlton, onye na-ekwuchitere ATLAS kelere ya maka onyinye ya wee sị "ATLAS kelera Prọfesọ Rajaâ Cherkaoui El Moursli maka onyinye a dị ùgwù, na nkwenye nke òkè ya na nchọpụta nke Higgs boson" 

## Edemsibia

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Asụsụ ndị Ottlian

Asụsụ **Ottilien** ma ọ bụ **Watam-Awar-Gamay** bụ obere ezinụlọ nwere asụsụ nwere njikọ chiri anya,

: Watam – Kaian, Gamei (Mbore), and Bosman – Awar .

A na-ekewakarị ha n'etiti asụsụ Ramu nke dị n'ebe ugwu Papua New Guinea .

A na-asụ asụsụ Ottilien niile na Yawar Rural LLG, n'ọtụtụ ebe n'akụkụ oke osimiri nke Madang Province, Papua New Guinea .  

Watam na Bosman na-ekerịta morphology dị iche iche na Lower Sepik (Nor–Pondo), na-akwado atụmatụ ezinụlọ-asụsụ Ramu – Lower Sepik .

A na-akpọ ezinụlọ ahụ aha maka ọnụ Osimiri Ottilien, nke a maara ugbu a dị ka Ramu .

## Ekwentị
Usher (2020) na-ewughachi ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa dịka ndị a: 

## Nkpọaha
Okwu nnọchiaha dị na proto-Watam-Awar-Gamay (proto-Ottilien) nke Foley rụgharịrị (2005) bụ: 

Hụkwa asụsụ Ramu dị ala#Mkpọaha .

Usher (2020) wughachiri nnọchiaha ndị a dị ka: 

## Proto-Ottilien
Foley (2005) atụpụtawo nrụgharị ụda olu nke proto-Watam-Awar-Gamay (proto-Ottilien). 

; proto-Watam-Awar-Gamay reconstructions (Foley 2005)

N'okpuru ebe a, e depụtara proto-Watam-Awar-Gamay ma e jiri ya tụnyere asụsụ Ramu anọ ndị ọzọ nwere njikọ chiri anya, ma ọ bụghị akụkụ nke Watam-Awar-Gamay: asụsụ Miserian Kire na Mikarew, na asụsụ Tanggu Tangu na Igom . 

; Ntụnyere Proto-Watam-Awar-Gamay na Ramu (Foley 2005)

## Ntụaka
akpọ asụsụ ahụ Ningrum ma na-asụ ya na Kampungakpọ asụsụ ahụ Ningrum ma na-asụ ya na Kampung

## Njikọ mpụga

* Timothy Usher, New Guinea World, Proto-Ramu Coast
Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations
Asụsụ Kwerbic

Asụsụ **Kwerbic**, ma ọ bụ **Greater Kwerba**, bụ ezinụlọ nwere obere asụsụ Papuan iri na abụọ a na-asụ na Indonesia.

## Nhazi
Ezinụlọ nke Kwerba hiwere nke ọma. Onye ikwu ya kacha nso dị ka Isirawa . Mawes bụ Ross (2005) gbakwunyere, mana Usher ejideghị ya; Ross jụrụ Isirawa, mana Usher debere ya na Donohue (2002). Usher gbakwunyekwara Kapauri–Sause .

Capell (1962) tụpụtara ịtụba Kwerba na Isirawa n'atụmatụ Dani–Kwerba, nke edobere na phylum Trans–New Guinea nke Stephen Wurm 1975. Malcolm Ross (2005) wepụrụ ha wee jikọta ha na ngalaba ọzọ nke TNG na mbụ na atụmatụ Tor–Kwerba . Usher na-eso Ross, mana ọ na-agbakwunyekwa asụsụ Nimboran .

### Foley (2018)
Foley (2018) na-enye nhazi ọkwa ndị a. 

### Usher (2020)
Usher na-eji akara 'West Foja Range ' iji zere enweghị mgbagwoju anya nke aha 'Kwerb(a/ic)'. 

## Okwu ndị bụ isi
Okwu ndị bụ isi na asụsụ ezinụlọ Kwerba ( Isirawa, Kwerba, Kauwera, Samarokena ) nke Foley (2018) depụtara n'okpuru ebe a. Data maka Samarokena nwere oke, mana cognates doro anya na-ejikọta Samarokena na asụsụ Kwerba ndị ọzọ gụnyere okwu maka 'ọkụ', 'nwoke', 'nkume' na 'anyanwụ' (rịba ama na *hV* - a na-eche na ọ bụ ihe ntinye). 

## Hụkwa

* Asụsụ Orya-Tor

## Ntụaka
jikọta ha na ngalaba ọzọ nke TNG na mbụ na atụmatụ Tor–Kwerba . Usher na-eso Ross,
Justice Development and Peace Caritas Onitsha

Justice Development and Peace Commission Onitsha dere 1990 bụ òtù na-ewepụ uru n'okpuru Catholic Archdiocese of Onitsha.  Ɔ na-anya anya na mɛyɛ aka na obodo, ụmụ na ikpe ziri ezi.  A na-akpọkarị ya JDPC.  Ọ bụ ike n'okwukwe nke dị n'okpuruokpuru ala na Ọha.[1][2]  E nwere JDPC n'ọtụtụ n'ime Archdiocese ọrịa na ụdị.  Ọ bụ aka ndị mmadụ na ibe ya na ọrụ ebere nke ụka nke ọ na-eru ọtụtụ ndị nọ ná mkpa iji melite ọnọdụ ha.

Dị ka Caritas Evidence si kwuo, ihe ahụ raara onwe ya nye iji dozie nsogbu nke ogbenye, nhata, na ikpe na-ahụ ezi nke ọha na eze, ka ọ na-abụ udo na-achọ na obodo dị iche iche ezo..

## Ihe omume
JDPC Onitsha nwere ihe nchọpụta na Awka udo, nchekwa, ntọala aka udo na ọrụ ọrụ na Anambra Steeti.  Nke a bụ iji maka mmalite aka na-n'oge n'ahụ iji ngwaọrụ ọnọdụ na-enyere ndị na-eme ntụli aka.[1][2]  JDPC Onitsha akpọwo mkpa maka ezi idu ndú na-achọ iji uzo na-ezo.

### Mmekọrịta kansa
JDPC Onitsha jikọtara aka na Development Initiative for Technology and Empowerment (DITEm) na Pink Health Foundation na ncheta nke 2022 World Cancer Day na Onitsha Anambra State. Isiokwu maka 2020 World Cancer Day "Closer the Care Gap," ka e ji nyocha ọrịa kansa n'efu nye ụmụ nwanyị 53. Ihe omume ahụ mere na St. Jude Parish, Fegge, Onitsha, Anambra State . 

### Imekọ ihe ọnụ
JDPC Onitsha esorola Development Initiative for Technology and Empowerment (DITEm) na Pink Health Foundation rụkọọ ọrụ gbasara ọrịa kansa.  Ọ rụkọkwara ọrụ na Development in Practice (DiP), Justice Development and Peace Commission (JDPC) Awka, JDC Nnewi, African Center for Leadership and Strategic Development and Civil Rights Concern (CRC) na Voice to the People Project .  [1] JDPC Onitsha sokwa na Christian Aid Nigeria rụkọọ ọrụ. 

### Ọrụ

* Ọrụ Mbelata na Nchịkwa nke Ihe Iju Mmiri, nke Catholic Relief Services kwadoro. Ọrụ a lekwasịrị anya na imezigharị ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị na ụlọ ọrụ ahụike na mpaghara gọọmentị ime obodo Ogbaru nke Anambra steeti.

* Udo, Nchebe, Nhọrọ Udo na Ọrụ Nwepụta. 
* Voice to the People Project (V2P): Ọrụ ọchịchị maka ndị ogbenye na ndị a chụpụrụ achụpụ nke Christian Aid Nigeria kwadoro. E mere ọrụ ahụ na obodo 48 dị na steeti Anambra site na nkwado nke Christian Aid (CA) ma UK Aid kwadoro ya  V2P nwere echiche nwoke na nwanyị nke mere ka ha hara nhata nwoke na nwanyị na ụmụ nwanyị nwee ike. E mere ya na Anambra Steeti nke Christian Aid Nigeria duziri.
* Gọọmentị na Transparency Fund: Ike nye ndị mmadụ. Ọrụ nke lekwasịrị anya n'ime ka ọchịchị rụọ ọrụ maka ndị ogbenye na ndị a chụpụrụ achụpụ na Naịjirịa

## Ndị isi nchịkwa nke JDPC Onitsha
Rev. Fr. Dr. Martin Onukwuba.

Rev. Fr. Dr. Edwin Udoye.

### Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara

* Mmefu ego nke Anambra steeti na-ele anya: Nlekota mmefu ego nke afọ 2014. 

* Ịghọta Nkwado maka ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma na ọchịchị. ISBN: 978-978-927-062-0
* Magazin JDPC: Mmepụta kwa nkeji iri na ise nke Justice Development and Peace Commission, Archdiocese of Onitsha

## Ihe odide

Otú:Ȯra Anambra
Asụsụ Gao

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|162x162px| ndọtị nke asụsụ Gao na Santa Isabel
Gao (a na-akpọkwa Nggao) bụ asụsụ Oceanic nke nọ n'ihe ize ndụ a na-asụ na Solomon Islands.  Ndị na-ekwu okwu ya bi na Santa Isabel Island..

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Nchịkọta ohere Paradisec nke ndekọ na Gao.
* Nchịkọta ohere Paradisec nke nkọwa ala na okwu Gao.
Ikram Blilou

Ikram Blilou bụ ọkà mmụta ihe omimi nke Moroccan bụ prọfesọ nke sayensị ihe ọkụkụ na Mahadum Sayensị na Nkà na ụzụ King Abdullah.[1][2][3] Nnyocha ya na-enyocha ka osisi si etolite iguzogide oke ọnọdụ ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na salinity.

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Blilou na Morocco.[1] O bu n'obi na mbụ ịmụ ọgwụ, mana ọ gbanwere na sayensị ihe ọkụkụ mgbe a gwara ya ka ọ gbasaa òké.[2] [3] Ọ gụrụ biology na Mahadum Abdelmalek Essaâdi. Ọ gụchara nyocha nke doctoral na Mahadum Granada, [2] ebe ọ nyochara nzaghachi nchebe nke osisi na arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis.. 

## Nnyocha na ọrụ
Blilou nwere mmasị n'otú osisi si eme mgbanwe na gburugburu ebe dị oke egwu. Karịsịa, ọ na-eleba anya ka ihe ọkụkụ si eme ka ihe ịma aka zuru ụwa ọnụ, gụnyere ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na ọzara. Ọ malitere ọrụ nyocha ya na Mahadum Sayensị na Nkà na ụzụ King Abdullah, ebe a họpụtara ya Prọfesọ na Onye isi oche nke sayensị ahịhịa.[mgbe mgbe?] Nchọpụta ya lekwasịrị anya na nkwurịta okwu n'etiti mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ọkụkụ, nke gụnyere ịmụ ihe netwọk na-akwado mmegharị protein na mmekọrịta protein-protein.[1] Ọ enyochala mmeghachi omume molecular na physiological nke osisi na ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi dị na Saudi Arabia.

Blilou atụwo aro na a pụrụ iji osisi ndị dị n'ọzara mee ihe iji mee ka osisi na-adịgide adịgide na ọrụ ugbo n'ọzara mara. E nyere ya ihe nrite Abu Dhabi Date Palm na 2020.

## Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ

*  
*  
*  

## Edemsibia

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Asụsụ Dusner

Dusner bụ àgwà a na-asụrụ n'obodo Dusner na mpaghara West Papua, Indonesia.  Dusner nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke ukwuu, a kọkwara na ọ nwere ikike ndị ọkà okwu awụ alụnụ.  

## Ọnọdụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya
Asụsụ ahụ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke ukwuu na nna ndị na-asụ ya atọ ka a kọrọ na ha ike.  [1] [2].  [4] [5] Ihe ndị ọrụ ahụ rụpụtara okwu, akara akwụkwọ e gosiri, [1] na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ na-edekọ akwụkwọ ahụ..

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
isi foneme nke Dusner nwere ikike ise na-ejede ozi iri na anọ (nke ise n'ime ha bụ naanị ndị ozi na okwu ndị a gbazitere site na Indonesian / Papuan Malay).). 

(Foneme dị na belheses na , bụ naanị ihe ziri ezi na okwu ndị a gbazitere site na Papuan Malay.) 

Enweghị ike n'asụsụ ahụ.  Fonoloji nke ahụ nwera ọnụ ọgụgụ elu nke ihe dị ka anya anya, ụfọdụ n'ime ha na-egosi ike Sonority Sequencing..

## Ọdịdị
 

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

*
Asụsụ Inagta Partido

Inagta Partido (Isarog Agta) ma ọ bụ Katubung bụ Asụsụ Bikol nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nke na-adịghị adị nke ndị na-ahụ nta na ndị na-achịkọta ihe na Philippines na-asụ.[2]  A na-ahụ ya na Ugwu Isarog n'ebe ndị mbụ nke Naga City na-obodo Ocampo ebe e mere ozi ọhụrụ nke ahụ..[3]

Dị ka Lobel si kwuo (2013), akara ndị na-ekwu okwu nke Inagta Partido n'okpuru 60.[4]  Ọ bụ ahụhụ na-anwụ anwụ.  Ethnologue kwuru sitere na 2000 na e nwere ikike ndị na-asụ ya ise n'ime ndị dị ka ihe dị ka 1,000.

Inagta Partido agbaziri ọtụtụ ihe n'asụsụ Bikol dị ka Bikol Naga na Bikol Partido, mana o nwere ihe na-abụghị Bikol.[6]

## Ihe edeturu

## Ihe odide
Asụsụ Hatang Kayi

Remontado, makwaara site na autonym Hatang-Kayi na akwụkwọ dị ka Kabalat, Remontado Dumagat, na aha ezighi ezi Sinauna/Sinaunang Tagalog, [1] bụ asụsụ Malayo-Polynesian a na-asụ na Tanay, Rizal, General Nakar, Quezon (gụnyere na Paimahuan, Limeuan, Limoutan), na Philippines [2] na Rodriguez, na Philippines.  Ọ bụ otu n'ime asụsụ ndị Philippine Negrito.  Ọ bụ asụsụ na-akparị mmadụ.

## Okwu
A na-ezo aka n'asụsụ ahụ saịtị na okwu dị iche iche n'akwụkwọ akwụkwọ.  Ndị na-asụ ya na-ezo aka n'asụsụ ha dị ka Hatang-Kayi ('asụsụ a') ebe Remontado bụ okwu a na-arụ n'asụsụ Bekee eji achọta ma obodo na ọrụ ha.  Tagalog-language text" typeof="mw:Transclusion">Sinauna (nke ochie 'oge ochie' ma ọ bụ 'oge ochie') bụ okwu a na-eji n'akwụkwọ ụfọdụ nke mgbe mgbe a na-emera ahụ ahụ n'afọ ndị 1970 mana ndị na-asụrụ ahụ ahụ n'onwe ha ejighị ya mee ihe.  A na- Iche Remontado Agba mee ihe mana nke a bụkwa ihe na-ahụ ezi ebe ọ bụ na anaghị akpọ ndị na-asụ asụsụ a dị ka Agta.

## Nchịkọta
Reid (2010) [1] kewara akwụkwọ ahụ dị ka Central Luzon, dịka Kapampangan na Sambal..

## Nbudata
A na-Remontado Dumagat n'ugwu ndị gbara ajụjụ dị n'etiti mpaghara Sampaloc na Tanay, Rizal, na General Nakar, Quezon (Lobel 2013: 72-73). 

Taa, a na-asụ Remontado n'ime obodo ise na-esonụ, ebe ọ bụ naanị ndị agadi afọ 50 na-asụrụ ya (Lobel & Surbano 2019).  [1] amaghị n'ime obodo ndị ahụ dị na Barangay Santa Inez, obodo Tanay, Rizal Province, na atọ n'ime ime obodo ndị ahụ nọ na Barangay Limutan, obodo General Nakar, Quezon Province..

* Minanga (Sentro), Barangay Limutan, General Nakar obodo, Quezon Province
* Ebe Sari, Barangay Limutan, General Nakar obodo, Quezon Province
* Ebe Paimuhuan, Barangay Limutan, General Nakar town, Quezon Province
* Ebe Nayon, Barangay Santa Inez, obodo Tanay, Rizal Province
* Ebe Kinabuan, Barangay Santa Inez, obodo Tanay, Rizal Province

## Ihe odide
Asụsụ Indi

Asụsụ Indi ma ọ bụ Mag-indi (ma ọ bụ Mag-Indi Ayta) bụ asụsụ Sambalic nwere ihe dị ka ndị na-asụ asụsụ 5,000.[1]  A na-ekwu ya n'ime obodo Philippine Aeta na San Marcelino, Zambales, yana na obodo Pampango nke Floridablanca (gụnyere na Nabuklod[2]) na Porac.  Enwekwara ndị na-ekwu okwu na Lumibao na Maague-ague-ague.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụ okwu

### Mkpụrụedemede

## Hụkwa

* Asụsụ nke Philippines

## Ihe odide

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ
 

## Njikọ mpụga
Asụsụ Mawes

Usher (2020) tụrụ aro na ọ nwere ike jikọta ya na asụsụ Kwerbic .  Foley (2018) na-ekewa Mawes dị ka asụsụ dịpụrụ adịpụ,  na otu ahụ Hammarström (2010).  O nwere ndị na-asụ obodo 850 na 2006, mana e kpochapụrụ ya site na 2024. 

## Nkpọaha
Aha aha bụ: 

## Okwu ndị bụ isi
Okwu ndị bụ isi nke Mawes depụtara na Foley (2018): 

Okwu okwu ndị a bụ isi sitere na Voorhoeve (1975),  dị ka ekwuru na nchekwa data Trans-New Guinea: 

## Ahịrịokwu
N'ime ahịrịokwu ole na ole edekọtara maka Mawes, ụfọdụ ahịrịokwu ndị bụ:  : 497–8 
       

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* Wambaliau, Theresia. 2006. *Akụkọ nyocha gbasara Asụsụ Mawes na Papua, Indonesia* . (n'asụsụ Indonesian). Edemede edebeghị. Jayapura: SIL Indonesia.
* Hammarström, Harald. 2010.*Ọnọdụ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke asụsụ Mawes* . Akwụkwọ ewepụtara na Ọgbakọ na Asụsụ Papua 2. Manokwari, Indonesia, 8–12 Febrụwarị 2010.

## Ntụaka
jikọta ha na ngalaba ọzọ nke TNG na mbụ na atụmatụ Tor–Kwerba . Usher na-eso Ross,
Asụsụ Kavalan

Kavalan (nke a mkpa dị ka Kvalan, Kebalan ma ọ bụ Kbalan) bụ nke Ndị Kavalan na-asụbu n'ụbọchị oké osimiri nke Taiwan.  Ọ bụ Asụsụ East Formosan nke mpaghara Austronesian.

A naghịzi asụ Kavalan n'ógbè mbụ ya. Ka ọ na-erule 1930, a na-eji ya eme ihe naanị dị ka asụsụ ụlọ. Ka ọ na-erule 1987, a ka na-asụ ya na mpaghara Atayal. N'afọ 2000, a ka na-akọ na ndị na-asụ asụsụ a bụ mmadụ iri abụọ na anọ mana a na-ewere ya dị ka nke na-anwụ anwụ.

N'afọ 2017, nsụgharị na-eji EDGE metric site na nchekwa ụdị chọta na Kavalan, ọ bụ ebe na ọ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ, so n'asụsụ ndị dị iche nke Austronesian..

## Asụsụ
Kavalan nwere obodo ndị na-asụ asụsụ ndị a haziri site n'ebe ugwu gaa n'ebe ndịda: 

* Kariawan (Jialiwan 加禮宛) - nso Hualien, ebe a na-asụbu Sakizaya
* Patʀungan (Xinshe 新社) - nke dị na Hualien" id="mwKQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Fengbin, Hualien">Fungpin, Hualien
* Kulis (Lide 立德) 
* Kralut (Zhangyuan) 

A na-akpọ obodo ndị a na-asự n'ebe ndị mụrụ Taiwan aha obodo ndị ochie si n'ebe ugwu, dị ka Kariawan, Sahut, na Tamayan, ebe ndị Kavalan si kwaga.  Ndị Amis gbara ndị na-asụ Kavalan nke oge a gburugburu.

Tsuchida (1985) na-ekwu na ndepụta okwu ndị e nwetara site na Lamkham 南 (Nankan) na Poting 埔頂 (Buding) kacha nso na Kavalan,  ebe Li (2001) na-agụ ha dị ka asụsụ 'Basaic'. 

Ọtụtụ ndị Kavalan see ike ịsụ Amis, Taiwanese, Mandarin, na Japanese.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
E nwere ụdaume iri na ise na ụdaume anọ na Kavalan.

* *n, *N, *j, *ɲ dị ka n
* *t, *T, *c dị ka t
* *d, *D, *Z dị ka z
* *s, *S dị ka s
* *q, *ʔ, *H na-ehichapụ

* *k n'ime q na k
* *l n'ime r na ʁ (e dere dị ka R) 
* *a n'ime m (ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị n'akụkụ q) na a

Asụsụ Kavalan bụkwa ihe a ma ama maka inwe nnukwu ndepụta nke ebumnuche.  Ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ikike Formosan abụọ nwere ikeume geminate, nke ọzọ bụ Basay.[1]  A na-ama gemination na Asụsụ ndị dị n'ebe ugwu Philippines, mana ọ na-adịghị n'asụsụ ndị dị n'etiti Philippines ma e wezụga Rinconada Bikol.

## Asụsụ
A na-amata aha Kavalan na ngwaa site na akara /a/ na mbụ mbụ okwu (aha) ma ọ bụ iza nke /a/ (ngwaa).  [1] amụma okwu Kavalan na-ewere nhazi (C) (C) V (C) " (C)..

## Ihe ndị e dere n'akwụkwọ
Kavalan affixes dị n'okpuru ebe a sitere na Li & Tsuchida (2006:14-24).
 

## Ihe odide

### Ihe edeturu

### Nkwupụta n'ozuzu
 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Akwụkwọ gọọmentị Taiwan: Kavalan dictionary (n'asụsụ Chinese) 
* Nkwupụta mgbasa ozi nke Academy na Taipei: Kavalan dictionary published (n'asụsụ Chinese) 
* Yuánzhùmínzú yǔyán xiànshàng cídiǎn 原住民族語言線上詞典 (n'asụsụ Chinese) - Kavalan search page at the "Aboriginal language online dictionary" website of the Foundation for the Research and Development of Indigenous Languages
* Ihe nkuzi na ihe ndabere nke Kavalan bipụtara site na Council of Indigenous Peoples of Taiwan Archived 2022-02-28 at the Wayback Machine (n'asụsụ Chinese) 
* Nsụgharị Kavalan nke President Tsai Ing-wen's 2016 apology to indigenous people - bipụtara na webụsaịtị nke ụlọ ọrụ onye isi ala
Asụsụ Kayupulau

Kayupulau ma ọ bụ Kayo Pulau bụ Asụsụ Austronesian nke nta ka ọ mba ndị agha adị nke ndị nke ndị okenye na-asụ na Jayapura Harbor na mpaghara Indonesia_province)" id="mwDg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Papua (Indonesian lardin)">Papua, Indonesia. Ka ọ na-erule afọ ihe na-eme nke ọma ụzọ, Indonesia..

## Ihe odide
Asụsụ Haeke

Haeke ("Aeke) bụ ụdị dị iche iche na nke agha nke nta ka ọ mba nna na New Caledonia, na obodo Koné.

## Ihe odide
Neshani Andreas

Neshani Andreas (1964 – Mee 2011) bụ onye odee Namibia, onye rụkwara ọrụ dịka onye nkuzi na maka American Peace Corps.[1] A maara ya nke ọma maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ya bụ The Purple Violet nke Oshaantu, nke mere ka ọ bụrụ onye Namibia mbụ etinyere na usoro akwụkwọ edemede Africa nke Heinemann.[2] [3] [4] Ọ nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 46, ebe a chọpụtara na ọ nwere ọrịa cancer akpa ume na mmalite 2010..  

## Oge ọ malitere
A mụrụ ya na Walvis Bay, South-West Africa (nke bụ Namibia ugbu a), na 1964, ọ bụ nwa nke abụọ n'ime ụmụaka asatọ, ma buru ụzọ rụọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Ndị mụrụ ya abụọ bụ ndị ọrụ n'ebe a na-emepụta azụ̀. Andreas chọrọ ịbụ onye edemede malite n'oge ọ bụ nwata.[1] Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na kọleji ndị nkuzi dị na Ongwediva wee kuzie ihe n'ebe ahụ afọ ise. Andreas gara n'ihu nweta nzere bachelọ nke Arts na diploma diploma na agụmakwụkwọ na Mahadum Namibia.[2] Ọ bụ onye ntụzi aka nke American Peace Corps na Namibia afọ anọ.[3][1] Ọ bụ n'ebe ahụ ka ọ zutere onye mbụ gbara ume ka o dee ya, bụ́ nke o mesịrị kọwaa dị ka "otu n'ime oge ndị kasị dị oké ọnụ ahịa ná ndụ m..

## Ọrụ nkuzi na ide ihe
Site na 1988 ruo 1992, Andreas kụziri na ụlọ akwụkwọ ime obodo dị n'ebe ugwu Namibia. N'afọ 2001, o bipụtara The Purple Violet of Oshaantu nke sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ ya n'ebe ahụ. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na-enyocha ọnọdụ ụmụ nwanyị n'etiti ndị Namibia. Mgbe ndị na-ebipụta akwụkwọ Heinemann bipụtara akwụkwọ ahụ dị ka akụkụ nke African Writers Series; onye edemede Namibia mbụ nwere ọrụ gụnyere.

Ọrụ ahụ nwetara nlebara anya mba ụwa, ebe ọ bụ otu n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ e bipụtara mgbe nnwere onwe gasịrị mgbe ndị South Africa weghaara. Ọ kọwara na n'oge ahụ, ọdịbendị ide ihe emeghị nke ọma na Namibia, na-akọwa ọrụ ahụ dị ka "onye owu na-ama". N'oge o bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ọ dị afọ 37.

Andreas na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi mmemme maka Forum for African Women Educationalists n'oge ọnwụ ya mgbe ọ dị afọ 46.  Òtù a na-achọ ịkụziri ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ ihe. A chọpụtara na ọ na-arịa Ọrịa kansa akpa ume na mbido afọ 2010. 

## Edemsibia
Asụsụ Pondi

**Pondi**, nke a makwaara dị ka **Langam**, bụ asụsụ Keram a na-asụ n'obodo Langam (nke Keram Rural LLG, East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea.[1][2] Ọtụtụ ndị na-asụ Pondi bụ agbụrụ-Pondis. N'ihi na Obere obodo a na-asụ Pondi, asụsụ ahụ enweghị olumba a ma ama.[1] Ọdịiche asụsụ kachasị ama ama na Pondi gbadoro ụkwụ na afọ dịka ndị ọgbọ ochie na-amakarị nke ọma. Ọ metụtara ma Ulwa na Mwaki. Pondi nọ n'ihe egwu n'ihi mmụba na mmụba nke asụsụ Tok Pisin, nke ọgbọ ndị na-eto eto na-asụ karịa na-eji. Asụsụ ahụ bụ a ga-ekwu na otu narị afọ na-esote. [1] Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nke asụsụ Pondi nwere ọtụtụ okwu ndị ha nwetara site na asụsụ ndị ọzọ, agbanyeghị, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-agaghị ekwe omume ịmata mmalite nke wor a.

## Consonants
Pondi nwere nkwụsị olu atọ na-enweghị olu, /p/(Labial), /t/(Alveolar), /k/(Velar). Pondi nwekwara nkwụsị olu atọ Prenasalised, /mb (mb)/(Labial), /nd (nd)/(Alveolar), /ng (ŋɡ)/(Velar). Enwere naanị otu africate Prenasalised, /nj (ndʒ)/(Palatal). Pondi nwere imi atọ, /m/(Labial), /n/(Alveolar), /ny (ɲ)/(Velar). Pondi nwere naanị otu Liquid, /l/(Alveolar). Pondi nwere otu Fricative, /s/(Alveolar). N'ikpeazụ, enwere Glides abụọ, /w/(Labial) na /y (j)/(Palatal). 

## Udaume
Pondi nwere ụdaume atọ dị elu bụ: /i/ (Ihu), /ï/ (Azụ), nke na-egosikwa site na /ɨ/, na /u/ (Central). Asụsụ ahụ nwere ụdaume abụọ etiti bụ: /e/ (Front) na /o/ (Central). N'ikpeazụ, Pondi nwere naanị otu ụdaume dị ala, nke bụ: /a/ (Azu). 

## Ntụaka
Asụsụ Lemerig

[thumb|Otu n'ime ndị ọkà okwu abụọ fọdụrụ na Lemerig, nke edere na [Vanuatu.]]
.

A ọma anaghịzi eme ahụ nke nke.  Ndị ọkà okwu abụọ ahụ bi n'oge oké osimiri ugwu nke iro ahụ.[1]  Lemerig adaala n'ihi ndị agbata obi ya bụ Mwotlap na Vera'a.[1]

## Aha ya
Aha Lēmērig na-ezo aka n'obodo a gbahapụrụ agbahapụ igbu a n'ebe ugwu Vanua Lava;  a na-asụ ya tlotērig [lɪmɪˈ__wol____wol____wol__] n'asụsụ nke otu aha ahụ.  Ọ na ụdị ụdị Proto-Torres-Banks mbụ *lemeri gray, ebe *ri gray nke nwere ike ịpụta "obere".

## Asụsụ
A na-ezo aka na Lemerig mgbe ụfọdụ site na iji aha nke ụdị mpaghara ya: Päk;  [1] Sasar;  Alo-Tekel.

N'ikpe ikpe site na ndepụta okwu nke onye ozi ala ọzọ na ọka akara Robert Codrington , [1] ụdị a dị nso na ibe ha.  Obere nke dị n'ebe ahụ ụgbọ na ịhụnanya nke 20.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
Lemerig nwere ikeume iri na otu.  Ndị a niile bụ obere monophthongs //i ɪ ɛ æ a œ ø ɒ̝ ɔ ʊ u//.  [1][5]

## Asụsụ
Usoroaha onwe onye na Lemerig na-iche clusivity, ma na-ekewapụta nọmba (otu, abụọ, Ikpe, na ọtụtụ).[7]

Ntuziaka oghere na Lemerig dabere na usoro nke geocentric (n'ụzọ zuru oke), nke bụ n'ụdị ụfọdụ nke ncheta Oceanic, n'ụdị ọhụrụ.[8]

## Ihe odide

## Akwụkwọ

* 
* 
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Ọdịdị gburugburu ebe obibi na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke asụsụ na njikọ ugwu Vanuatu: Akụkọ nke ọdịiche na njikọta" (PDF). Journal of Historical Linguistics. 1 (2): 175–246. doi:10.1075/jhl.1.2.03fra. hdl: 1885/29283. S2CID 42217419..
* 
* 
*  —— (2016). "Ọdịdị akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nnọchiaha onwe onye n'ebe ugwu Vanuatu" (PDF). Na Pozdniakov, Konstantin (ed.). Comparatisme na reconstruction: omume ndị dị ugbu a. Ihe Ndị E Mere n'Asụsụ Ndị Dị Ndụ Izu ohi  47. Bern: Peter Lang. peeji nke 25-60..
* 
* François, Alexandre & Taitus Sërortēlsöm (2006).Nvāv ʻām tlotērig - Storian long lanwis blong Lemerig (Vanua Lava, Banks, Vanuatu). Nchịkọta akụkọ sitere na ọdịnala a na-ekwu n'ọnụ, otu asụsụ na Lemerig. Paris

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ihe ndekọ ọdịyo n'asụsụ Lemerig, n'ụzọ mepere emepe, site n'aka onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ A. François (Pangloss Collection). Ọ na-egosipụta ngosi nke asụsụ ahụ, na foto nke ụfọdụ n'ime ndị ọkà okwu ikpeazụ.
Asụsụ Mawé

Asụsụ Mawé nke Brazil, nke a na-adị ka Sateré ( Mabue, Maragua, Andira, Arapium ), bụ otu n'ime ọrụ Tupian . Mmadụ 7,000 na-asụ ya, ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-asụ otu akwụkwọ.

## fonology

### Consonants

### Udaume

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

*  
* Mateus 1, Tupana Ehay Satere Mawe Pusupuo (MAVNT) The New Testament in Sataré-Mawé
Asụsụ Molof

**Molof** (Ampas, Poule, Powle-Ma) bụ asụsụ Papuan edekọghị nke ọma nke ihe dị ka mmadụ 200 na-asụ na obodo Molof, Senggi District, Keerom Regency . 

## Nhazi
Wurm (1975) debere ya dị ka ngalaba nọọrọ onwe ya nke Trans–New Guinea, mana Ross (2005) akara ike ihe ọmụmụ zuru oke iji kewaa ya. Søren Wichmann (2018) [1] na-ewere ya ka ọ bụrụ na ịhụnanya dị ukwuu, dịka Foley (2018) si eme. [1] Usher (2020) na-atụ aro na ọ nwere ike ịbụ abụ Pauwasi .

## fonology
Molof nwere obere ngwa ngwa consonant, mana nke buru ibu maka ụdaume.

Molof consonants, nke Foley (2018) hotara site na Donohue (nd): 

Udaume Molof (ngụkọta 8), nke Foley (2018) hotara site na Donohue (nd): 

## Okwu ndị bụ isi
Isi okwu Molof sitere na Rumaropen (2005), nke e hotara na Foley (2018): 

Okwu okwu ndị a bụ isi sitere na Voorhoeve (1971, 1975), [1] [2] dị ka ekwuru na nchekwa data Trans-New Guinea: 

## Ntụaka
akara ike ihe ọmụmụ zuru oke iji kewaa ya. Søren
Asụsụ Molo

**Molo** (Malkan) bụ asụsụ Nilo-Saharan na-awụ akpata oyi n'ahụ nke ụfọdụ ndị Molo bi na Sudan na-asụ. A na-ewere ya dị ka "Enwere Ngwunye nke ukwuu" dị ka UNESCO's Atlas nke Ụwa  Asụsụ na Danger si kwuo, ya na ndị na-ekwu okwu 100, dị ka data sitere na 1988 si kwuo.

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Molo Basic lexicon na Global Lexicostatistical Database
Asụsụ Mor (Austronesian)

**Mor** ma ọ bụ **Moor** bụ asụsụ Austronesian tonal na ngalaba Cenderawasih putative (Geelvink Bay) nke Indonesian Papua .

Olumba ya bụ *Ayombai*, *Hirom* na *Kama* .  : 18 

## Ntụaka
Asụsụ obodo

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ
 

## Njikọ manga
Asụsụ Nafri

**Nafri** bụ asụsụ Papuan nke Papua, Indonesia . A na-asụ ya na obodo Nafri dị na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Yotafa Bay na Abepura District, Jayapura Regency . 

## Ntụaka
Asụsụ obodo
Asụsụ Nakai

**Nakai** [na'ʁaj]  bụ asụsụ Ok nke West Papua . Abụọ n'ime olumba atọ ahụ, nke na-akpọ ethnonym *Nagi*, nwere ike ịbụ asụsụ dị iche.

## Ntụaka
Asụsụ obodo
Asụsụ Nalca

**Nalca** (Naltya, Naltje) bụ asụsụ Papuan a na-asụ na Yahukimo Regency, Highland Papua, Indonesia . Aha ndị ọzọ bụ Hmanggona, Hmonono, Kimnyal (Kimyal). A na-ejikarị nke ikpeazụ eme ihe maka Korupun-Sela . Kemendikbud Indonesia nkewa Nalca dị ka **Mek Nalca**, ebe *Kimyal* na-eji Korupun-Sela. 

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Asụsụ Nalca bụ asụsụ edeghị ede ruo mgbe ndị ozi ala ọzọ si USA batara na mpaghara ahụ na mmalite 1960s. E wepụtara usoro ịgụ na ide, ọtụtụ ndị nọkwa n’ìgwè asụsụ Nalca mụtara ịgụ ihe. Roger Doriot si USA mụtara asụsụ ahụ wee dechaa nsụgharị nke Agba Ọhụrụ nke Bible na 2000.

## Nhazi
Nalca so na ngalaba ọdịda anyanwụ nke asụsụ Mek, nke bụ ezinụlọ nke asụsụ nwere njikọ chiri anya bụ nke nwere nnukwu mkpokọta asụsụ Trans-New Guinea . 

## Nkesa ala
Ihe dị ka mmadụ 18,000 na-asụ asụsụ Nalca na Yahukimo Regency, Highland Papua. 

## fonology

### Consonants
Nalca nwere consonants phonemic iri na ise: [ 5 ]

* /tʰ/ na-apụta naanị na okwu mbinye ego na aha.

### Udaume
Nalca nwere ụdaume ụda olu ise: [ 5 ]

## Ụtọ asụsụ

### Ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ
Nalca bụ asụsụ dịpụrụ adịpụ n'ozuzu, mana na-egosipụta usoro agglutination sara mbara na nhazi ngwaa.

### Syntax
Usoro okwu Nalca na-emebu bụ isiokwu-ihe-ngwaa (SOV).

## Ntụaka
na ide, ọtụtụ ndị nọkwa n’ìgwè asụsụ Nalca mụtara n'aka asụsụ obodo
Asụsụ Namla

**Namla** bụ asụsụ Papuan nke Indonesia edebeghị nke ọma. Ọ dị ka ọ na-emetụta Tofanma, asụsụ agbata obi. A na-asụ ya na obodo Namla, Senggi District, Keerom Regency . 

Namla dị nso na ikpochapụ n'ihi na Tofanma dochie ya na ikekwe Papuan Malay .  : 463 

## fonology

## Okwu okwu
Okwu Namla sitere na Foley (2018): 

## Ntụaka
na-emetụta Tofanma, asụsụ agbata obi. A na
Asụsụ Sause

**Sause** bụ asụsụ Papuan a na-asụ na Indonesia, na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke Sentani. Nhazi ya ejighị n'aka, mana ọ dị ka ọ na-emetụta Kapauri na asụsụ Tor .

A na-asụ Sause na Ures, Mubararon, Sause-Bokoko, Witti-Yadow, Lidya, na obodo Puaral. 

## Ntụaka
na-emetụta Tofanma, asụsụ agbata obi. A na
Asụsụ Yareba

**Yareba**, ma ọ bụ *Middle Musa*, bụ asụsụ nke Papua New Guinea .

## fonology
Yareba nwere consonants phonemic iri na ise na monophthong 5. 

* /t/ and /k/ are aspirated.
* /dz/ can be pronounced [dz], [dʒ], and [z].
* /ɾ/ can be pronounced [ɾ] or [ɺ].
* /w/ is [β] next to /i/ and /e/, [w] between [a] and , and [v] elsewhere.

Yareba na-enye ohere maka diphthongs  .  : 87 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Paradisec nwere mkpokọta Tom Dutton ( TD1 ) nke gụnyere akụrụngwa asụsụ Yareba.

## Ntụaka
na-emetụta Tofanma, asụsụ agbata obi. A na
Asụsụ Seget

**Seget** bụ asụsụ Papuan nke Isi Bird Peninsula nke New Guinea. A na-asụ ya na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke Sorong, na obodo Walian, Sailolof, Segum, na Seget na Sorong Regency, Southwest Papua .  Walian na Sailolof bụ obodo ( *kampung* ) dị na Salawati . Seget na Segun bụ mpaghara ugbu a na Sorong Regency .

## Ntụaka
na-emetụta Tofanma, asụsụ agbata obi. A na
Asụsụ Liki

Liki, nke a na-adị ka Moar, bụ Asụsụ Austronesian nke nta ka ọ mba ụmụ na ya nke a na-asụ n'ubietiti ndị dị n'oge mmiri osimiri nke Indonesia_province)" id="mwDQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Papua (Indonesian lardin)">Papua, Indonesia.

## Hụkwa

* Asụsụ Sarmi maka iji ya tụnyere asụsụ ndị yiri ya
Asụsụ Gorap

**Gorap** bụ asụsụ Creole nke sitere na Malay nke ndị Gorap ( *Bobaneigo* ) [ otu ] na-asụkarị, ndị obodo ọdịda anyanwụ na mpaghara ugwu nke agwaetiti Halmahera Indonesia.  Ọ na-ekerịta okwu n'asụsụ Papuan ndị ọzọ na ụfọdụ asụsụ a na-asụ na Sulawesi, dị ka Buginese na Cia-Cia . Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ okwu 60 n'ime 200 agbagoro agbanyere n'asụsụ a ka egosiri na-ekere òkè n'asụsụ ndị ahụ. 

Ọ bụ ezie na edekọkwara asụsụ Gorap nke ọma, nchịkọta a na-enwekarị ihe ndekọ sitere na mkpali; ya bụ site na *ihe nkiri Pear* na *Man na Tree Spacegame*, kamakwa akụkọ ifo. A na-atụ anya na nchịkọta a ga-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-eto eto n'ime afọ ndị na-abịanụ, na-ekpuchi ụdị okwu dị iche iche. Edegharịrị ọtụtụ ihe ndekọ n'asụsụ Gorap wee sụgharịa ya n'asụsụ Bekee na ọkọlọtọ Indonesian . 

## Nkesa
A na-asụ asụsụ Gorap n'agwaetiti Indonesian nke Halmahera, kpọmkwem na mpaghara Kao Teluk nke bụ akụkụ nchịkwa nke North Halmahera Regency yana yana mpaghara East Jailolo na West Halmahera Regency .  Asụsụ a na-asụkwa ndị obodo ya, ọkachasị ndị bi n'agwaetiti Morotai (karịsịa South Morotai) yana kwa n'agwaetiti Sulawesi (karịsịa Southeast Sulawesi).

A na-asụ asụsụ a n'ime obodo iri na otu dị n'ebe ugwu nke agwaetiti Halmahera na akụkụ ndịda nke agwaetiti Morotai, nke sitere na nyocha nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị agbụrụ Gorap bi na 87.68%, Makian 1.29%, Galela 1.37%, Ternate 0.60%, Tobelo 0,55.6 % Bu, Sangirs 1.1. Javanese 0.77%, na Maba ruru 1.03%.   Obodo ndị Gorap na-asụ bụ Bobaneigo, Nusa Ambu, Sondo-Sondo, Nusa Jaya, Talaga Jaya, Ekor, Saramaake na agwaetiti Halmahera; Daruba, Galo-Galo, Waringin, Pilowo na agwaetiti Morotai. 

## Nhazi
A na-ekewa Gorap dị ka asụsụ Creole nke Eastern Indonesia Malay . A na-emegharị ya n'ihi na a na-eji ya dị ka asụsụ ndị bi n'ógbè ebe a na-asụ asụsụ ndị ọzọ n'ezinụlọ Austronesia na Papuan, ya mere, asụsụ ndị gbara ya gburugburu na-emetụta ọtụtụ n'ime okwu ya.  A na-eche na asụsụ Malay na asụsụ Sulawesi ndị ọzọ gosiri na a na-asụ na Halmahera n'onwe ya ka agbasawo site n'aka onye ahịa si mpaghara Sulawesi bụ onye na-eji asụsụ ahụ zụọ ahịa.  Dị ka Glottolog si kwuo, a na-achịkọta asụsụ Gorap yana Manado Malay na North Moluccan Malay n'ime ngalaba nke ya nke asụsụ Creole East Indonesian Malay, ngalaba Manadoic. 

## Ntụaka

### Ihe ndetu
Malay na asụsụ Sulawesi ndị ọzọ gosiri na a na-asụ na Halmahera n'onwe ya ka agbasawo site n'aka onye ahịa si mpaghara Sulawesi

### Ihe odide ala ala peeji
Asụsụ Isirawa

**Isirawa** bụ asụsụ Papuan nke ihe dị ka puku mmadụ abụọ na-asụ n'ebe ugwu nke ụsọ oké osimiri Papua, Indonesia . Ọ bụ asụsụ azụmaahịa mpaghara, ojiji na-agbasi ike. Stephen Wurm (1975) jikọtara ya na asụsụ Kwerba n'ime ezinụlọ Trans–New Guinea, ọ na-ekekọrịtakwa ihe dịka 20% nke okwu ya na asụsụ Kwerba agbataobi. Agbanyeghị, dabere na nnọchiaha ya, Malcolm Ross (2005) chere na ọ nweghị ike ịkọwa njikọ dị otú ahụ, wee hapụ ya dị ka asụsụ dịpụrụ adịpụ . Otú ọ dị, nnọchiaha ndị ahụ adịghị ka nke Orya-Tor, nke Ross jikọtara na Kwerba, na Donahue (2002) na-anabata ya dị ka asụsụ Kwerba Greater.

## Ebe
Na Sarmi Regency, Isirawa na-asụ na Amsira, Arabais, Arsania, Kamenawari, Mararena, Martewar, Nisero, Nuerawar, Perkami, Siaratesa, Waim, Wari, na Webro obodo. 

## Ụtọ asụsụ
Na Isirawa, a na-ejikọta nwoke na nwanyị na nnukwu ihe, na nwoke na obere ihe; A na-ahụ mkpakọrịta ndị ọzọ na Tayap na asụsụ Sepik, nke na-ekewa nnukwu ihe dị ka nwoke kama ịbụ nwanyị. 

## fonology

### Consonants

* /n/ nwere ike ịnụ dị ka [ɲ] mgbe tupu /i/, na dị ka [ŋ] mgbe tupu /k/.
* /k/ nwere ike ịnụ dị ka [ʔ] n'ọnọdụ mkpọda-ikpeazụ mgbe ụdaume gachara.
* /j/ nwekwara ike ịnụ dị ka esemokwu [ʝ] na mgbanwe n'efu.
* /w/ nwekwara ike ịnụ dị ka [ɣ] mgbe n'etiti ụdaume azụ. 

### Udaume

## Ntụaka
Malay na asụsụ Sulawesi ndị ọzọ gosiri na a na-asụ na Halmahera n'onwe ya ka agbasawo site n'aka onye ahịa 

* Clouse, Duane, Mark Donohue na Felix Ma. 2002. "Akụkọ nyocha nke ugwu ụsọ oké osimiri nke Irian Jaya." http://www.sil.org/silesr/2002/SILESR2002-078.pdf
Asụsụ Lovono

Lovono (Vano, Alavano, Alavana) bụ ahia nke nta ka ọ ghara ịgụ na nchọpụta Vanikoro nke dị n'ebe ọmụmụ nke Solomon Islands.  Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 2012, ọ bụ naanị mmadụ anọ na-asụ ya;  [1] echere n'etiti ahụ, Teanu, elelewo ya.

## Aha ya
áká_èkpè|thumb|240x240px|Map nke Vanikoro I., na-egosi ókèala akụkọ ihe mere eme nke agbụrụ atọ nke ''Lovono'', ''Tanema'' na ''Teanu''.
Aha aha ahụ na-ezo aka n'obodo ochie dị n'ebe ugwu ike inwe nke ọma Banie.[1]  N'asụsụ Lovono, nke bụbu nke ozi n'ahụ ahụ, a na-akpọ obodo ahụ Alavana.  Na Teanu, nke bụ ugbu a ụgwọ ndị bi n'oge a na-asụ, a na-akpọ otu obodo ahụ Lovono.  Mgbanwe a ịhụnanya na igodo ndị mmadụ na-eji ụdị Teanu (ya bụ Lovono) ma maka aha obodo ma maka aha oge ochie a na-ahụ ya.

Otu obodo ahụ - *Ya mere* asụsụ ahụ - a na-asụkwa *Whanou* ma ọ bụ Vano n'akwụkwọ sayensị, ikekwe na-egosipụta otú e si akpọpụta okwu ahụ.

## Asụsụ
Enwere ike ozi ụfọdụ ikpe Vanikoro, play Lovono, na François (2009) maka iwere, na François (2021) maka akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu..

## Ihe edeturu

## Ihe odide

*  
* —— (2021). Online Teanu-English dictionary, na data lexical na Lovono na Tanema. Paris, CNRS
* 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ihe ndekọ ọdịyo n'asụsụ Lovono, na ohere mepere emepe, site na A. François  (isi iyi: Pangloss Collection nke CNRS) .
Asụsụ Magori

Magori bụ akara Austronesian nke mgba nke nta ka ọ mba egwuregwu irẹ nke Papua New Guinea nke e mezi star nke ọma site na ndị na-alụ ahịa ndị agbata obi Papua, na-akpọ Mailu, nke ndị Magori na-asụ nke ọma taa.  Mgbanwe ahụ buru oke ibu nke na akara Magori nọ na obi ogologo oge;  Dutton mechara guzobe ya na 1976. [1] Ndị ndọrọ n'aka nke ha gbaziri ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke okwu Austronesian, ma ọ bụ site na Magori ma ọ bụ ndị ikwu ya Oumic.

## Hụkwa

* Asụsụ Maisin, otu ihe ahụ

## Ihe odide
Asụsụ Kambot

**Kambot** a.k.a. **Ap Ma** (Ap Ma Botin, Botin, nakwa *Karaube* ), bụ asụsụ Keram nke Papua New Guinea . Tụnyere onye ikwu ya kacha nso, Ambakich, Kambot tụfuru akụkụ nke mbụ site na okwu polysyllabic. 

A na-asụ Kambot na obodo Kambot (

## Nhazi
E kenyere Kambot na ezinụlọ Grass n'ime Ramu site na Laycock na Z'graggen (1975). Foley (2005) chọpụtara na data anaghị akwado ọrụ a, ma tinyeghachi ha na ezinụlọ Grass na 2018.  Foley na Ross (2005) kwenyere na asụsụ a bụ nke ezinụlọ Ramu – Lower Sepik .  Usher weghachiri ya na ezinụlọ Ramu, mana ọ dị nso na asụsụ Mongol–Langam .

## Nkpọaha
Foley (1986) tụpụtara na Kambot agbaziri nnọchiaha ya n'asụsụ Iatmul nke ezinụlọ Sepik ( asụsụ Ndu ). Ndɨrɔ̀ nɨ́ ndɨ abádhí alɛ: *nyɨ* ‘I’ (1sg *)*, *wɨn* ‘gì’ ( *2sg* ), *na* *nun* ‘ye’ (2pl). Ya bụ, ndị Iatmul nwere ike na-akpọ Kambot *nyɨn* "gị", wee were nnọchiaha ahụ nye onwe ha, nke mere na ọ pụtara "M". Otú ọ dị, Ross (2005) na Pawley (2005) na-egosi na a naghị agbazinye aha nnọchiaha ahụ. Mkpọaha Kambot bụ ụmụ amaala, n'ihi na ha nwere okwu pụtara ìhè n'asụsụ Ramu. N'otu aka ahụ, nnochiaha Iatmul esitebeghị na Kambot, ebe ha nwere cognates n'asụsụ Ndu ndị ọzọ. 

## Ntụaka
Malay na asụsụ Sulawesi ndị ọzọ gosiri na a na-asụ na Halmahera
Asụsụ Temuan

**Asụsụ Temuan** (Temuan: , , , , , Malay   ) bụ asụsụ Malaịk (akụkụ nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Austronesian ) nke ndị Temuan na-asụ, otu n'ime Orang Asli ma ọ bụ ụmụ amaala Peninsular Malaysia nke enwere ike ịhụ na steeti Selangor, Pahang, Johor, Malacca na Negeri Sembilan . Temuan bụ asụsụ dị iche mana ọ nwere ogo nghọta n'etiti asụsụ Malay . E dere ya n’asụsụ Latịn, ma e mebeghị ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ e ji dee ya.

Ọmụmaatụ nke okwu Temuan:

## Olumba
E kewara Temuan n'asụsụ abụọ bụ isi, ya bụ Belandas na Mantra, nke dị iche na nke phonology na ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ okwu mana ka nwere nghọta.

***Ntụnyere n'etiti olumba Belandas na Mantra:***

Ihe atụ nke olumba *Temuan Bellandas* –  ('ọ / ya'),  ('naanị'),  ('anyị'),  (njedebe nke ahịrịokwu).

Ihe atụ nke olumba *Temuan Mantra* –  ('ọ / she'),  ('naanị'),  ('anyị'),  (njedebe nke ahịrịokwu).

## Ihe odide ala ala peeji
n'onwe ya ka agbasawo site n'aka onye ahịa si mpaghara SulawesiMantra, nke dị iche na nke

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ibe Weebụ Temuan Orang Asli Temuan ibe weebụ
* http://projekt.ht.lu.se/rwaai RWAAI (Ebe nchekwa na ebe ọrụ maka ihe nketa a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha)
*  Temuan na RWAAI Digital Archive
Asụsụ Mamanwa

Asụsụ Mamanwa bụ akara Central Philippine nke ndị Mamanwa na-asụ.  A na-asụ ya na mpaghara Agusan del Norte na Surigao del Norte na mpaghara Lake Mainit nke Mindanao, Philippines.  O nwere ihe dị ka ndị ọkà okwu 5,000 na 1990.

Mamanwa bụ abụ na-agbaọsọ omenala, na-ejigide ndụ atọ na isiokwu ya nke a na-echekwa ikike n'ebe ndị ọzọ n'Asụsụ Batanic..  [3]

Tupu ndị na-asụ Mamanwa n'ajụjụ n'etiti Àgwàetiti Samar, e nwere otu ndị Negrito n'oge gara aga n' akwụkwọetiti ahụ.[4]  Dị ka Lobel si kwuo (2013), Samar Agta nwere ike ikiri ka ọ Waray ma ọ bụ Northern Samarenyo, ma ọ bụ ma-ama anya egwuregwu Mamanwa..

Na mgbakwunye na nke a, Francisco Combes, onye akwụkwọ Spanish, akwụkwọ nke Negritos na Zamboanga Peninsula "na Misamis strip" na 1645, ọ bụ ebe na enwe ike data.[5]  Ndị Mamanwa ọdịnala na Tahaw dị ka chi ozizi elu nke a na-enye ekpere nke ugboro na ugboro, yana True, chi nke ndị na onye na-azụ anụmanụ..

## Ihe odide

## Nkwupụta n'ozuzu