Paris Principles (human rights standards)

A kọwatara **ụkpụrụ Paris** na nzukọ izizi nke mba ụwa na ụlọ ọrụ mba maka nkwalite na nchedo nke ikike mmadụ nke emere na Paris na ụbọchị asaa rụọ ụbọchị itoolu n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 1991. Ndị United Nations Human Rights Commission nakweere ha site na Mkpebi 1992/54 nke afọ 1992, na site na UN General Assembly na Mkpebi 48/134 nke afọ 1993. Na mgbakwunye na ịgbanwere echiche banyere ndokwa ndị dị ugbu a, ndị sonyere na ogbako ahụ depụtara usoro ndụmọdụ zuru oke banyere ọrụ, nhazi, ọnọdụ na ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ruuru mmadụ (NHRIs). Ndị a wuru na ụkpụrụ ndị Geneva Seminar on National and Local Institutions for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights' nke mepụtara 'Guidelines on the Structure and Functioning of National and Local Institutions for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights'. Ụkpụrụ Paris nke 1993 na-achịkwa ọnọdụ na ịrụ ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ mba maka nchebe na ịkwalite ikike mmadụ nke a maara dị ka National Human Rights Institutions .

## Ụkpụrụ Paris chọrọ maka NHRIs
Ụkpụrụ Paris depụtara ụfọdụ ọrụ na ibu ọrụ maka ụlọ ọrụ ruuru mmadụ nke mba:

* Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ga-enyocha ọnọdụ ọ bụla nke imebi ikike mmadụ nke ọ kpebiri ịmalite.
* Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ga-enwe ike inye gọọmentị, ndị omeiwu na òtù ọ bụla ọzọ ruru eru ndụmọdụ banyere mmebi iwu ụfọdụ, na nsogbu metụtara iwu na nrubeisi na mmejuputa iwu na ngwá ọrụ ruuru mmadụ nke mba ụwa.
* Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ga-etinye aka na mpaghara na òtù mba ụwa.
* Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ga-enwe ikike ịkụziri ma gwa ihe gbasara ikike mmadụ.
* A na-enye ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ ikike ikpe.

Ịgbaso ụkpụrụ Paris bụ okacha mkpa n'si ihe achọrọ nke usoro nzere ntozu nke na-achịkwa ohere NHRI na United Nations Human Rights Council na ndị ọzọ. Nke a bụ usoro nyocha nke ndị ọgbọ nke kọmitii nke Global Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions (GANHRI) nke a na-akpọ Kọmitii na-ahụ maka nzere nzere. Kọmitii nta ahụ na-enyocha NHRIs n'ọtụtụ ụkpụrụ, na nnwere onwe site na steeti bụ akụkụ kachasị mkpa nke nyocha ya. Enwere ike igosipụta nnwere onwe site n'ịgbaso ụkpụrụ Paris, dị ka Kọmitii Na-akọwa ya na Ntụle ya. Nyocha nke Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Ụkpụrụ Paris na-enyocha iwu NHRIs, nhọrọ na usoro nhọpụta maka idu ndú, nnwere onwe ego na nchịkwa, na ikike ikike mmadụ ha, na mgbakwunye na omume ha dị ka ndị na-akwalite ikike mmadụ na ndị na-echebe.

## Leekwa

* Global Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions
* Ihe ruuru mmadụ
* Ụlọ ọrụ ruuru mmadụ nke mba
* Ndepụta nke isiokwu ndị ruuru mmadụ site na mba
* Ngwá ọrụ ruuru mmadụ nke mba ụwa
* Ụlọikpe Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ruuru Mmadụ na Europe
* Kọmitii na-ahụ maka ikike mmadụ
* National Human Rights institution#Paris Principles

## Ihe edeturu

## Ịgụgụ ọzọ

* OHCHR, 'A Handbook on the Establishment and Strengthening of National HumanRights Institutions for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights' (New York/ Geneva 1995).
* EU Agency for Fundamental Rights, Strong and effective national human rights institutions – challenges, promising practices and opportunities (2020)
* UN OHCHR (2010) National Human Rights Institutions: History, Principles, Roles and Responsibilities Professional Training Series 4
* Organization of American States, 'Permanent Council Report on Strengthening the Role of National Institutions for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights in the Organization of American States' (29 April 2009) OEA/ Ser.G CP/ CG- 1770/ 09 rev 2.
* Anna-Elina Pohjolainen. (2006).The Evolution of National Human Rights Institution Danish Institute for Human Rights.
* International Council on Human Rights Policy. (2005) *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070928120905/http://www.ichrp.org/paper_files/125_p_01.pdf Inyocha]* Mmetụta nke National Human Rights Institutions International Council on Human Rights Policy / Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
* Morten Kjærum (2003) *[https://web.archive.org/web/20071008174707/http://www.nhri.net/pdf/NHRI-Implementing%20human%20rights.pdf National Human Rights Institutions -]* Implementing Human Rights Danish Institute for Human Rights
* Birgit Lindsnaes, Lone Lindholt, Kristine Yigen (eds.). (2001) National Human Rights Institutions, Articles and working papers, Input to the discussions of the establishment and development of the functions of national human rights institutions Danish Institute for Human Rights.

## Njikọ mpụga

* National Human Rights Institutions Forum (NHRIs Global network) at the Library of Congress Web Archives (archived 2002-09-15)