open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Vincuk Viačorka

[ a ] Ryhoravič Viačorka ( Belarusian  **Валянцін** **Рыгоравіч Вячорка**, Russian     ; amụrụ na 7 Julaị 1961) bụ onye Belarusian linguist, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye bụbu onye ndu (1999–2007) nke Belarusian Popular Front (BNF), otu pati mmegide Belarusian.

## Ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ mbụ
A mụrụ Vincuk Viačorka na 7 Julaị 1961 n'obodo Brest nke dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Belarus. 

Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ngalaba nke nkà mmụta ihe ọmụma na Mahadum Steeti Belarus (1983) na Institute of Linguistics na Belarusian Academy of Sciences (1986).

## Ọrụ ọkachamara na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị
Vincuk Viačorka rụrụ ọrụ dị ka prọfesọ na Maxim Tank Belarusian State Pedagogical University na Belarusian Humanities Lyceum, dịka onye nta akụkọ na osote onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ nke magazin omenala *[[Spadčyna]]* ( Belarusian:   ).

Site na afọ 1979 gaa n'ihu, Viačorka abụrụla onye otu na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ngagharị mba-ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na Belarus. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị guzobere ọtụtụ otu omenala na òtù ndị ntorobịa, dịka Majstroŭnia ( Belarusian:  , 1979–1984), Talaka ( Belarusian:   Belarusian: ​​​ Kanfederacyja belaruskich moladzievych supolak, 1988–1989).

Vincuk Viačorka gbara ọsọ maka oche na Kasị Elu nke Soviet nke Belarus, mana ọ nweghị ihe ịga nke ọma.

N'afọ 1988, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị guzobere Belarusian Popular Front . Viačorka bụ onyeisi kọmitii mmemme akwụkwọ na onye otu bọọdụ etiti nke pati ahụ. Site na 1995 ruo 1999, ọ bụ osote onyeisi BPF. Na 1999, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị haziri Freedom March, ngagharị iwe megide nhazi Union State n'etiti Belarus na Russia. 

Vincuk Viačorka bụ onye guzobere ma bụrụkwa onyeisi otu nzukọ agụmakwụkwọ na-abụghị nke gọọmentị, Supolnaść Centre ( Belarusian:     ) ma bụrụkwa onyeisi otu ọrụ nke Mgbakọ NGO nke Belarus (1999–2000).

## Ndụ onwe onye na ezinụlọ
Vincuk Viačorka na-asụ ọtụtụ asụsụ Yuropu, ọ lụrụ di, nwee ụmụ nwanyị abụọ na otu nwa nwoke. Nwunye ya bụ Aryna bụ ọkachamara na mgbakọ na mwepụ. Nwa ya nwoke bụ Franak bụ onye na-akwado ndị ntorobịa maka BNF, ọ bụkwa onye bụbu nwa akwụkwọ na Belarusian Humanities Lyceum. Vincuk na nwa ya nwoke gosipụtara na ihe nkiri ihe nkiri nke afọ 2006 nke Mirosław Dembiński dere, *A Lesson of Belarusian* .

## Mbipụta
Na 2016, Viačorka bipụtara akwụkwọ bụ "In Belarusian With Vincuk Viačorka", usoro edemede dabere na mmemme weebụsaịtị Radio Liberty nke ya na-ahazi. Viačorka na-agba ndị na-ege ya ntị ume ka ha nyochaa iwu na ụkpụrụ nke ezigbo Belarusian, asụsụ nke tara ahụhụ nke ukwuu n'ihi iwu ndị Kọmunist gbasara "njikọta asụsụ." Okwu na okwu, ụtọasụsụ na ịkpọpụta okwu, mkpoputa na usoro okwu niile dị mfe ịgụ. Viačorka na-enye nlebara anya ogologo oge n'asụsụ dị iche na nke na-egbuke egbuke nke bụ akụkụ a na-apụghị ikewapụ nke oghere asụsụ na omenala Europe nke oge a.

## Ihe ndetu

## Edensibia


## Njikọ mpụga

* Mgbasa ozi ntuli aka nke Vincuk Viačorka nke afọ 2004
* Partyja BNF - weebụsaịtị webụsaịtị
Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations
Albert Razin

Udmurt  **Альберт Алексеевич Разин**, 12 Juun 1940 – 10 Septemba 2019) bụ onye na-akwado ikike asụsụ Udmurt na onye na-akwado ndị ọgọ mmụọ Neopaganist nke mere ogbugbu onwe onye (tipshar) n'etiti Izhevsk dị ka ihe ngagharị iwe megide nnabata nke iwu maka ọmụmụ asụsụ mba nke ndị obodo afọ ofufo, nke ga-enye ụmụ akwụkwọ Udmurt ohere ịhọrọ asụsụ ha ga-amụ, mana ọ nwere ike ibute mbelata na ọnụọgụgụ ndị na-asụ asụsụ Udmurt.

## Akụkọ Ndụ
A mụrụ Albert Razin n'ezinụlọ ndị ọrụ ugbo na Alnashsky District nke Udmurtia nke oge a.

Na 1962, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Pedagogical nke Udmurt . O mechara bụrụ onye mmeri nke Sayensị na nkà ihe ọmụma . Na mbido afọ 1990, Razin duru ụlọ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Steeti Udmurt .

Razin bụ onye na-akwado mmegharị mba Udmurt ma na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'ichebe asụsụ Udmurt . Ya na ndị ọzọ na-akwado ya, o mere ọtụtụ ngagharị iwe megide amụma Russification nke gọọmentị etiti, dịka ịkagbu nkuzi asụsụ ndị pere mpe n'ụlọ akwụkwọ.  A makwaara ya dị ka onye na-eme ka omenala Udmurt na okpukpe ndị na-ekpere arụsị Udmurt dịghachi ndụ.

## Ịgba onwe onye ọkụ
Na ụbọchị iri nke ọnwa Septemba afọ 2019, Albert Razin pụtara n'ihu Kansụl Steeti nke Udmurtia n'isi obodo Udmurt nke Izhevsk, ya na onye otu ya na-akwado asụsụ Udmurt bụ́ Andrey Perevozchikov. Razin ji akwụkwọ mmado abụọ e dere n'asụsụ Russian, otu na-asị "Ọ bụrụ na asụsụ m anwụọ echi, mgbe ahụ adịla m njikere ịnwụ taa" (okwu sitere n'aka Rasul Gamzatov, onye na-ede uri Avar ) na "Enwere m ala nna?".  O wee gbanye onwe ya na mmanụ ụgbọala wee gbaa onwe ya ọkụ. Perevozchikov, onye na-amaghị ihe Razin bu n'obi, gbalịrị imenyụ ọkụ ahụ site na iji ihe na-emenyụ ọkụ sitere n'ụlọ Kansụl, mana ihe na-emenyụ ọkụ ahụ mechara bụrụ ihe na-adịghị mma. E bugara Razin n'ụlọ ọgwụ n'ọnọdụ dị oke njọ, ọkụ ruru ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ pasentị 100 nke ahụ ya, wee nwụọ awa ole na ole ka e mesịrị. 

Kansụl Steeti Udmurt yigharịrị nnọkọ ha mgbe ihe merenụ gasịrị.

Ndị na-akwado ikike asụsụ sitere na mpaghara dị iche iche nke Russia ( Chuvashia, Bashkortostan na ndị ọzọ) yana ndị ọkà mmụta na ndị ọrụ si Finland na Estonia  na Human Rights Watch  gosipụtara nkwado ha na ihe Razin chọrọ.  

## Ezinụlọ
Nwunye Razin na nwa ya nwanyị dị afọ iri na asatọ fọdụrụ. 

## Leekwa

* Vasyl Makukh
* Ndị Rom Kalanta

## Edensibia
Lucille Roubedeaux

L 

**Lucille Belle Robedeaux** ( née **Matin**, Juun 10, 1915 – Nọvemba 3, 2005), nke a na-asụkarị **Roubedeaux**, bụ onye ndu agbụrụ nke Osage nke Oklahoma na onye ikpeazụ na-asụ asụsụ Osage .  

## Ndụ
A mụrụ Lucille Belle Matin na Wynona, Oklahoma, ada Walter Jones na Maggy Helen Matin nke ezinụlọ Eagle. Ndị mụrụ ya kwagara Hominy n'oge na-adịghị anya, ebe ọ gara akwụkwọ.  Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị Osage ikpeazụ lụrụ di na nwunye ọdịnala, ha gbanwere ọtụtụ ịnyịnya.  Na Nọvemba 4, 1946, ọ lụrụ Lee Robedeaux, ha wee mụọ ụmụ. 

Robedeaux rụrụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ St. John, Tulsa, dịka onye enyemaka nọọsụ site na afọ 1950 ruo mgbe ọ lara ezike nká na ngwụcha afọ 1970. Dịka onye otu Altar Society of St. Joseph's Catholic Church na nke Mound Valley Homemakers, ọ ghọrọ onye ndu obodo, dịka Okenye nke Osage Nation na dịka onye ndụmọdụ nke Tribal Dance Committee, na-akwalite usoro omenala Osage. Ọ na-enwe mmasị n'ọgụ ehi na asọmpi ịnyịnya na Hot Springs, Arkansas, ma na-agagharị na US na Hawaii, Mexico, na Europe. 

Mgbe Robedeaux nwụrụ n'afọ 2005, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri itoolu, ọ bụ ya bụ onye ikpeazụ na-asụ asụsụ Osage. E malitela mmemme iji mee ka asụsụ ahụ dịghachi ndụ, mana ọ naghị enwe ihe ịga nke ọma: "Nke a bụ ụgbọ oloko ikpeazụ ịpụ. Ọ bụrụ na anyị enweghị ike ime ya ugbu a, ọ bụ ya ka ọ dị. Ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ mgbe nke a gasịrị," ka "Nwanne Mogre" nke Osage kwuru, onye nọ na-arụ ọrụ iji chekwaa asụsụ ahụ.  Asụsụ Osage ebelatala ruo ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ 200. 

## Edensibia
Natalie Diaz

**Natalie Diaz** (amụrụ na Septemba 4, 1978)  bụ onye meriri ihe nrite Pulitzer   -ede uri Amerịka bụ Mojave, onye na-akwado asụsụ, onye bụbu ọkachamara n'egwuregwu basketball, na onye nkuzi. Ọ debanyere aha na Gila River Indian Community ma mara ya dị ka Akimel O'odham .  Ọ bụ prọfesọ osote na Mahadum Steeti Arizona ugbu a. 

## Ndụ mbido
A mụrụ Natalie Diaz na Needles, California, na Septemba 4, 1978.  O tolitere na Fort Mojave Indian Village dị na Needles, California, na ókèala California, Arizona, na Nevada . Ọ gara Mahadum Old Dominion, ebe ọ gbara bọọlụ n'òtù egwuregwu basketball ụmụ nwanyị, wee ruo NCAA Final Four dị ka nwa akwụkwọ mbụ na ọkara nke afọ atọ ndị ọzọ. O nwetara akara ugo mmụta bachelor.  Mgbe ọ gbasịrị bọọlụ basketball ọkachamara na Europe na Eshia, ọ laghachiri na Mahadum Old Dominion, wee gụchaa MFA na uri na akụkọ ifo,  na 2006. 

## Ọrụ
Ọrụ ya pụtara na *Akụkọ*,  *magazin Poetry*,  *Drunken Boat*,  *Prairie Schooner*, *Iowa Review*, na *Crab Orchard Review* .

Akwụkwọ mbụ Diaz dere nke uri, *When My Brother Was an Aztec*, "na-egosi ahụmịhe ndị sitere na ndụ ndị America nwere ike nkeonwe na nke akụkọ ifo."  Ọ bụ nhọrọ akwụkwọ Lannan nke afọ 2012,  ka a họpụtara maka onyinye PEN/Open Book Award nke afọ 2013,  ma bụrụ onye meriri ihe nrite akwụkwọ America nke afọ 2013.  Otu ihe dị mkpa akwụkwọ a lekwasịrị anya bụ otu nwanne nwanyị na-alụso agụụ nke nwanne ya nwoke na-aṅụ kristal meth. 

Na 2012, a gbara ya ajụjụ ọnụ gbasara ọrụ uri na nhazi asụsụ ya na *PBS NewsHour* . 

Na 2018, a kpọrọ ya onyeisi oche Maxine na Jonathan Marshall na uri nke oge a na nke oge a na Mahadum Steeti Arizona. 

Na 2019, ọ bụ onye nkuzi na CantoMundo Retreat. 

Na 2021, akwụkwọ ya *bụ́ Postcolonial Love Poem* meriri ihe nrite Pulitzer maka uri . A kpọrọ ya "nchịkọta uri dị nro, na-agbawa obi ma na-enupụ isi nke na-enyocha ihe ọ pụtara ịhụ n'anya na ịbụ onye a hụrụ n'anya n'Amerịka nke esemokwu jupụtara."  Akwụkwọ a bụkwa onye ikpeazụ maka ihe nrite akwụkwọ mba nke 2020, onye ikpeazụ maka ihe nrite akwụkwọ Los Angeles Times nke 2020, onye ikpeazụ maka ihe nrite Forward Prize maka ihe kacha mma, ma kpọọ aha maka ihe nrite TS Eliot nke 2020. 

## Ndụ nkeonwe
Diaz bi ugbu a na Mohave Valley, Arizona, ebe ọ na-arụbu ọrụ na nhazi asụsụ na Fort Mojave, ebe a na-edebe akwụkwọ n'ụlọ ya. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ndị okenye ikpeazụ na-asụ asụsụ Mojave. E debanyere aha ya dị ka onye otu Gila Indian Community. 

### Abụ

* 
* 

**Na akụkọ ihe mere eme**

* Kurt Schweigman na Lucille Lang Day, ndị nchịkọta akụkọ. (2016). *Red Indian Road West: Abụ Ndị Native American si California* . Akwụkwọ Scarlet Tanager. ISBN&nbsp;
* 

## Ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ
 

## Edensibia

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations
Seino Araida

Seino Araida (新井田 セイノ, Araida Seino; 4 April 1917 – November 2011) was an Ainu activist who promoted the transmission of the *[[Yukar|kamuy yukar]]* oral sagas and the Ainu language.

## Akụkọ Ndụ
A mụrụ Seino Araida na 4 Eprel 1917 na Shizunai, Hokkaido,  wee kwaga Mukawa, Hokkaido na 1919.   Ebe ọ bụ na nne ya nwere nsogbu anya, ọ malitere inye aka n'ọrụ ugbo mgbe ọ bụ nwata. O diri nsogbu ndụ na mmegbu site n'aka ndị ọzọ, mana uri Ainu ọ nụrụ n'ọnụ nne ya mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ugbo gbara ya ume. 

Na 1974, Araida sonyeere otu Hokkaido Utari mgbe e guzobere alaka Mukawa ha. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, o jiri ohere a malite mgbalị zuru oke iji kwalite asụsụ Ainu na kamuy yukar, nke e kenyere na mpaghara Mukawa. Na 1980, o sonyere na ntọala nke otu nchekwa omenala Mukawa Ainu. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dịka onye ndu obodo, na 1992 ọ malitere ije ozi dị ka onye nkuzi na ụlọ akwụkwọ asụsụ Mukawa Ainu. 

Araida nwere nkà pụrụ iche na *yukar* "Ape Fuchi Kamui", nke bụ maka ọṅụ Chineke na-enyere di ya aka, ma bụrụkwa onye a ma ama maka ịma mma nke ịkpọ okwu ya. Na mgbakwunye, ọ rụsiri ọrụ ike na omenala na nchekwa asụsụ Ainu n'ebe dị iche iche, dịka ịgụ *kamuy yukar* na mmemme "Kamuy Yukar no Yūbe" nke Ainu Museum kwadoro na Shiraoi, Hokkaido . Ọ na-esonyekarị na ihe ngosi egwu Ainu ọdịnala ma na-arụkọ ọrụ na nyocha onwe onye na omenala Ainu, gụnyere akụkọ Hokkaidō Prefectural Board of Education nke 1988 gbasara akụkọ ọdịnala obodo nke mpaghara Mukawa na Usu .  Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na Mukawa Town Living Center na-akụzi klaasị nri Ainu. 

Na 1995, e mere Araida Onye Kwesịrị Ekwesị nke Nchebe Ihe Omenala nke Hokkaido, ma nye ya ihe nrite Omenala Mukawa. Na 2001, e nyere ya ihe nrite Omenala Ainu maka ọrụ ya n'ịkwalite omenala Ainu na ihe omume ya na Mukawa Ainu Cultural Tradition Preservation Society.  A kọrọ na ndị ọrụ obodo kọwara ya dị ka "akụ Mukawa". Ọbụna n'oge agadi dị otú ahụ, ọ ka na-enye aka n'ịkwalite omenala Ainu. 

Araida nwụrụ na Nọvemba 2011, mgbe ọ dị afọ 94. Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Ainu kọwara ya dị ka "onye nyere aka nke ukwuu n'ịkwalite omenala Ainu". Nwanne ya nwanyị nke nta bụ Fuyuko Yoshimura ghọkwara onye na-akwalite omenala Ainu. 

## Edensibia
Senoic

**Asụsụ Senoic** (a na-akpọkwa Sakai) bụ otu asụsụ ndị Aslia nke ihe dị ka mmadụ 33,000 na-asụ n'akụkụ kachasị na Malay Peninsula.Asụsụ dị n'ìgwè ahụ bụ: Semai na Temiar (asụsụ ndị bụ isi) ,  Lanoh, Sabüm, na Semnam. 

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* RWAAI (Nchekwa na Ebe Ọrụ maka Ihe Nketa Na-adịghị Ahụ anya nke Austroasiatic)
*  Aslian asụsụ na RWAAI Digital Archive
Asụsụ ndịda Aslian

Asụsụ ndị dị na ndịda Aslia bụ obere ngalaba nke alaka Aslia nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Austroasiatic. A na-akpọkwa ha asụsụ Semelaic, mana a naghịzi eji aha a eme ihe. Asụsụ anọ mejupụtara alaka ahụ bụ:

: Semelai, Semaq Beri, Mah Meri (Betise"), na Temoq .

a mmadụ na ibe ya n'ógbè ahụ na mmeri nke Malay.

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Asụsụ Mon-Khmer na SEAlang
* Mon-Khmer.com: Okwuchukwu nke Paul Sidwell
* http://projekt.ht.lu.se/rwaai RWAAI (Repository and Workspace for Austroasiatic Intangible Heritage) 
*  Aslian asụsụ na RWAAI Digital Archive
Supradialect

**Supradialect** (site na Latin supra, "n'elu", na Greek oge ochie διάλεκτος, "okwu") bụ okwu asụsụ nke na-akọwa ụdị dialectological n'etiti ọkwa asụsụ na olumba . A na-eji ya eme ihe n'ọnọdụ abụọ dị iche iche, na-akọwa mmekọrịta nhazi ma ọ bụ ọrụ n'ime otu asụsụ. Dịka ụdị nhazi, supradialects na-akọwa ọkwa mbụ nke dialectological n'ime asụsụ, [ 1 ] dịka ọmụmaatụ n'asụsụ Serbo-Croatian nke nwere ọtụtụ etiti, nke kewara n'ime atọ isi supradialects ( Shtokavian, Kajkavian, na Chakavian ), nke ọ bụla n'ime ha na-ekewa n'ọtụtụ olumba. [ 2 ] Dịka ụdị ọrụ, supradialect na-akọwa ụdị dialectal kachasị n'ime otu asụsụ, na-ezo aka na ụdị asụsụ a na-ejikarị eme ihe nke asụsụ ahụ, nke ọtụtụ ndị na-asụ ya nabatara n'ọrụ dị ka ngwa ọrụ bụ isi nke mmekọrịta na nkwukọrịta. N'ọnọdụ ahụ, supradialect dị otú ahụ na-arụkwa ọrụ dị ka *interdialect* . [ 3 ]

## Leekwa
 

## Edensibia

## Akwụkwọ
Sibuco-Vitali Sama

**Sibuco-Vitali Sama** (Sibuku, Bitali, Nawan) bụ ụdị dị iche iche nke Inner Sulu Sama, asụsụ a na-asụ na Philippines . Ọ nwere ihe dị ka ndị na-ekwu okwu 11,000 ma a na-asụ ya na Zamboanga Peninsula, 50km n'ebe ugwu nke obodo Zamboanga .   Ndị Sibuco Sama nke jikọtara ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke Western Suban, dị ka Western Subanon, ha abụọ na-eji asụsụ nkwukọrịta sara mbara, ya bụ asụsụ Cebuano . 

## Edensibia
Mgbukpọ agbụrụ na Gaza

**Mgbukpọ agbụrụ na Gaza** bụ ihe na-aga n'ihu, kpachapụrụ anya na mbibi nke ndị Palestine na mpaghara Gaza nke Israel mere n'oge agha Gaza.

## Nrụtụaka
Cheq Wong

thumb|Map ethnographic nke Malay Peninsula na-egosi bụ ndị Cheq Wong bi (na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ).
**Cheq Wong** (Ceq Wong, Chewong) bụ asụsụ Austroasiatic nke ndị Cheq Wong na-asụ na Malay Peninsula. Ọ bụ nke ngalaba ala Northern nke asụsụ Aslian. A na-akpọ Northern Aslian aha Jehaic n'oge gara aga.

## Edensibia

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ
Jah Hut

**Jah Hut** (Jah Het) bụ asụsụ Austroasiatic a na-asụ gburugburu osimiri Krau dị na Peninsular Malaysia site na ụlọ Jah, otu n'ime ụmụ amaala Orang Asli.

## Nchịkọta
Jah Hut so n'òtù Aslian nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Austroasiatic. A na-ewere Jah Hut dị ka onye otu ngalaba Central Aslian, ugbu a a na-ewere ya dị ka ebe dịpụrụ adịpụ..

**Asụsụ**

* Kerdau
* Krau
* Ketiar Krau
* Ala ọma jijiji nke Kuala
* Ọdọ Mmiri nke Pulau
* Ihe ndị a hụrụ n'anya
* Ala ọma jijiji

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
Jah Hut nwere ụdaume itoolu na mgbochiume iri na itoolu. 

## Ọdịdị
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Okwu ikpeazụ codas na Jah Hut
Jah Hut enweghị mkpụrụokwu ndị mepere emepe n'ọnọdụ okwu na njedebe ikpeazụ. N'aka nke ọzọ, asụsụ ahụ nwere mkpụrụokwu iri na ise enwere ike iji mechie mkpụrụokwu. Ọzọkwa, n'ọnọdụ ebe ụdaume ma ọ bụ mkpọchi imi pụtara na mbụ n'okwu enyere, a na-ekewa nkwụsị ikpeazụ ka ọ bụrụ nkwụsị imi na nke glottal..

Enweghị ihe mgbochi na ụyọkọ nkwụsị ndị na-abụghị homorganic, nke pụtara na ọtụtụ okwu na-amalite na ụdaume ndị na-adabaghị na ụdaume.  (ya bụ okwu ndị na-amalite na 'tk' ma ọ bụ 'bk"). A pụrụ ịchọta usoro a n'ọtụtụ asụsụ Aslian ndị ọzọ.

*  - ọnụ
*  - Bamboo Rat
*  - ntụ

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ndepụa nke ụfọdụ prefixes na-akpata Jah Hut.
Jah Hut dị iche na asụsụ ndị ọzọ nke Mon-Khmer n'ihi na o nwere obere ma ọ bụ enweghị ogologo ụdaume. Ọ na-ejikwa prefixes na-akpata [dubious - discuss] nke  ma ọ bụ -r-. Site n'iji nke a, onye na-ekwu okwu nwere ike igosi na otu ihe ma ọ bụ onye na-eme ka ihe ma ọ bụrụ onye ọzọ ma ọ bụ mee ihe ọzọ. 

N'otu aka ahụ, prefix [dubious - discuss] -generated-contents="true" id="mw0A" title="Jah Hut-language text" typeof="mw:Transclusion">*-m* na-enye onye ọrụ asụsụ ohere inye mmadụ ihe. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, , na Jah Hut, pụtara "ịkpa akwụkwọ nkwụ", ebe a na-asụgharị  dị ka, "onye na-akpa". N'aka nke ọzọ, mgbe omume anaghị emetụta mmadụ n'onwe ya, enwere ike ịchọta onye nnọchi anya omume ahụ na prefixed ma ọ bụ infixed [dubious - discuss] -n, dabere na mgbọrọgwụ nke okwu ahụ enyere. ya bụ , ma ọ bụ mkpuchi, ma e jiri ya tụnyere , nke pụtara omume nke mkpuchi.  

## Nchịkọta okwu
Na Jah Hut, ihe niile na-agbakwunye ma e wezụga ihe kpọmkwem chọrọ preposition na, dị ka ọtụtụ asụsụ Aslian, a na-ejikarị ngwaa eme ihe na Jah Hut na eriri nke na-erughị ngwaa abụọ, na ngwaa mbụ na-ezo aka n'ụdị mmegharị, na ngwaga nke abụọ na-anọchite anya nnukwu ọrụ. Ụdị ọzọ nke iji ngwaa eme ihe bụ ụdị nke na-eji ngwaa mbụ dị ka ihe dị mkpa, na ngwaa nke abụọ na-akọwa ụzọ e si eme ngwaa ahụ. Ọzọkwa, ọ bụrụ na agbakwunyere ngwaa na prefix onwe onye, nke a ga-ekwekọrịta mgbe niile na onye nnọchi anya ahịrịokwu ahụ, n'agbanyeghị ebe akụkụ abụọ a nke ahịrịokwu dị.

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* http://projekt.ht.lu.se/rwaai RWAAI (Repository and Workspace for Austroasiatic Intangible Heritage) 
*  Jah Hut na RWAAI Digital Archive
Jahai

**Jahai** (Jehai) bụ asụsụ Mon-Khmer nke ndị Jahai bi n'oké ọhịa dị n'ugwu nke dị na ndịda Malaysia na ndịda Thailand. Ọ bụ asụsụ kachasị ukwuu nke ndị Northern Aslian. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ naanị mmadụ karịrị otu puku na-asụ ya, Jahai adịghị ka ọ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ mbibi ozugbo n'ihi na ndị nne na nna Jahai na-ebufe asụsụ ahụ nye ụmụ ha dị ka asụsụ nne ha..

Jahai nwere okwu pụrụ iche maka ịkọwa ísì.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụedemede

### Mkpụrụ owu

### Ọdịdị nke ụdaume
N'elu, a na-anọchite anya mkpụrụedemede kachasị elu na Jahai dị ka CV (C). A na-achọ ụdaume mmalite. 

### Nchegbu na ụda olu
Ọnọdụ nrụgide na-ada mgbe niile na nkeji okwu ikpeazụ. Burenhult na-ekwu na ọ nweghị ọdịiche dị n'asụsụ Jahai.

## Ụdị ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ
Okwu ísì na Jahai dabeere na àgwà ndị a na-adịghị ahụ anya karịa isi mmalite ụfọdụ (nke a na-ahụkarị n'asụsụ, ọkachasị n'asụsụ Europe). 

## Hụkwa

* Asụsụ Kensiu

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* http://projekt.ht.lu.se/rwaai RWAAI (Repository and Workspace for Austroasiatic Intangible Heritage) 
*  Jahai na RWAAI Digital Archive
* Jahai DoReCo corpus nke Niclas Burenhult chịkọtara. Ihe ndekọ ọdịyo nke ederede akụkọ na transcriptions oge-dabere na ọkwa ekwentị, nsụgharị, na - maka ụfọdụ ederede - oge-dabara morphological annotations.
Jedek

Jedek bụ asụsụ Aslian sitere na ezinụlọ Austroasiatic nke e bipụtara na mbụ na 2017.[1] Ndị na-asụ Jedek na-akọwa onwe ha dị ka Menriq ma ọ bụ Batek nye ndị si mba ọzọ, mana asụsụ ha, ọ bụ ezie na ha nwere njikọ chiri anya, dị iche na asụsụ ndị a. .

## Okwu mmalite
Ndị na-asụ Jedek enweghị aha (endonym). Ndị Aslian dị nso, ọkachasị ndị Jahai na Menriq, na-ezo aka na ha dị ka .

## Sociolinguistics
Ihe dị ka mmadụ 280 na-asụ Jedek  na Sungai Rual, nke dị na Osimiri Rua n'ebe ndịda obodo Jeli na Jeli District, Kelantan steeti, n'ebe ugwu Peninsular Malaysia. N'afọ ndị 1970, gọọmentị Malaysia kwadoro ịkwaga ọtụtụ ìgwè ndị Semang foragers, ma ndị na-asụ Jahai ma Jedek na-agagharị n'etiti Osimiri Pergau, gaa n'ógbè Sungai Rual. Taa, mpaghara ahụ nwere obodo nta atọ ma nwee ìgwè asaa, nke anọ n'ime ha bụ ndị na-asụ Jedek, na atọ bụ ndị na'asụ Jahai.

Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala nke ndị na-asụ asụsụ Jedek nwere ike ime ka a na-ewere ya dị ka ihe ize ndụ, mana ọtụtụ ihe na-eme ka a ghara ịkwụsị mgbasa ozi asụsụ site n'ọgbọ ruo n'ọgbọ. Ndị Semang nwere omenala siri ike nke ịnọgide na-enwe njirimara omenala na asụsụ pụrụ iche ha ebe ha na-enwe mmekọrịta mgbe niile na mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-asụ asụsụ Jedek amụbaala kemgbe afọ 1970, ndị na-asụ asụsụ Jedek na-ejikwa ya n'ebe niile. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, agụmakwụkwọ niile na-abịa n'asụsụ mba Malay, inweta ọrụ a na-akwụ ụgwọ pụtara ịmara Malay, bụ́ asụsụ bụ isi nke nkwurịta okwu n'ógbè ndị gbara obodo ndị na-asụ asụsụ Aslian gburugburu. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị na-asụ asụsụ Jedek nwere echiche dị mma banyere asụsụ ha, gọọmentị Malaysia amaghị asụsụ ahụ, nke na-ewere mpaghara obibi ahụ dị ka asụsụ Jahai..

Dị ka omenala si dị, obodo Semang bụ ndị na-akwagharị akwagharị ma mara nkewa nke otu iji kwekọọ na ọnọdụ ụfọdụ ha na-enwe. Ndị Semang na-emekwa exogamy, nke pụtara na alụmdi na nwunye n'etiti ndị na-asụ asụsụ dị iche iche bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị. N'ihi mkpakọrịta ugboro ugboro na obodo ndị gbara ya gburugburu, Semang na-asụkarị ọtụtụ asụsụ Aslian, na n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ asụsụ dị nso (Malay ma ọ bụ Thai). N'ihi nkwekọrịta nke ndị na-asụ Jedek na Jahai na Rual, ọtụtụ ndị na-ekwu Jedek nwere ihe ọmụma banyere Jahai.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụedemede
Jedek nwere ụdaume itoolu. Mkpụrụedemede niile nwere ihe yiri imi, Jedek na-egosikwa ọdịiche dị iche iche.

### Mkpụrụ okwu
Jedek na-egosipụta ndepụta nke ụdaume Jahaic.

Nkọwa na-enweghị olu nke bilabial fricative bụ ụdaume dị n'akụkụ nke na-apụta naanị na ọnọdụ ikpeazụ nke okwu

A na-etinye imi n'ọnọdụ ikpeazụ nke okwu mgbe ụdaume ọnụ bu ụzọ. Mkpụrụ okwu imi na-akpatakwa mmepụta nke ụdaume na-aga n'ihu.

Mkpụrụ okwu rhotic dịgasị iche iche n'ịkpọpụta site na alveolar trill /r/ ruo na ụda olu uvular fricative /ʁ/. Otu onye na-ekwu okwu si akpọpụta ya dabere n'ụzọ ụfọdụ na afọ onye na-asụ okwu: ndị na-eto eto na-ekwu ya nwere ike ịkpọpụta ya na /r/ ebe ndị okenye na-ekwu ihe nwere ike ịkpọ ya na /ʁ/.

## Edensibia
 

## Njikọ mpụga

* http://projekt.ht.lu.se/rwaai RWAAI (Repository and Workspace for Austroasiatic Intangible Heritage) 
*  Jedek na RWAAI Digital Archive
Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations
Asụsụ Sahafe

**Sahafatra** bụ olumba   nke Malagasy nke ndị Sahafatra na-asụ na North West Atsimo Atsinanana .  

## Nhazi ọkwa
**Sahafatra** bụ asụsụ Austronesian akụkụ nke Central-Eastern Malagasic ngalaba Malagasy.

## Nkesa ala
Sahafatra bụ olumba sitere na mpaghara Vondrozo .

## Àgwà
**Sahafatra** na-ekerịta ọtụtụ atụmatụ a na-ahụkarị na Antesaka yana obere Antefasy . **Sahafatra** nwere mmetụta Bara adịghị ike.

## Okwu

## Edensibia
nke Central-Eastern Malagasic ngalaba
Asụsụ Antesaka

**Tesaka** bụ olumba nke Malagasy   nke ndị Antesaka na-asụ na mpaghara Atsimo Atsinana, Madagascar . 

## Nhazi ọkwa
**Antesaka** bụ olumba nke asụsụ Malagasy nke dị n'alaka Central-Eastern nke asụsụ ahụ. A na-ejikọta ya na olumba ndị ọzọ dị n'alaka a, gụnyere nke Plateau Malagasy (dịka Merina na Antefasy ), olumba Betsimisaraka nke ndịda, na olumba Sahafatra .

## Àgwà
N'etiti asụsụ Malagasy nke Central-East, a na-ewere olu Sahafatra dị ka nke kacha nwee njikọ chiri anya na Antesaka. Asụsụ Antesaka na-egosipụtakwa myirịta pụtara ìhè na olu Antanosy dị nso, n'ihi na ha dị nso na mpaghara ha. Myirịta ndị a gụnyere okwu ndị a na-ekerịta na njirimara ụda olu a na-ahụkarị: iwepụ myirịta *-na* ma ọ bụ *-gn*, nke a na-ahụkarị na olumba ndị ọzọ nke Central-East. Ojiji nke myirịta *-na* ma ọ bụ *-gn* bụ ihe e ji mara ọtụtụ ụdị Malagasy nke Central-East, mana ọ pụtaghị ìhè na asụsụ Antesaka, Sahafatra, na Southern Betsileo.

## Nkesa ala
A na-asụ asụsụ Antesaka n'ofe mpaghara sara mbara na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Madagascar, site na ndịda nke Mpaghara Farafangana ruo na Mpaghara Fort-Dauphin, nakwa site na Mpaghara Iakora n'ọdịda anyanwụ—nke e jikọtara ya na ndị Bara n'oge gara aga—ruo Oké Osimiri India n'ọwụwa anyanwụ. Mpaghara a kwekọrọ na mpaghara Befotaka Sud District, Mpaghara Midongy-Atsimo, Mpaghara Vangaindrano, yana akụkụ ụfọdụ na Mpaghara Vondrozo na Mpaghara Farafangana . 

## Okwu

## Edensibia
anyanwụ—nke e jikọtara ya na ndị Bara n'oge gara aga—ruo Oké Osimiri India n'ọwụwa anyanwụ.

## Ndekọ Akwụkwọ

* Deschamps, Hubert (1952). *Le olumba Antaisaka (asụsụ malgache)* . Paris: Société d'Éditions Géographiques, Maritimes na Coloniales.
Lanoh

**Lanoh**, a makwaara ya site na aha ọzọ Jengjeng, bụ asụsụ Aslian nke ndị obodo ya bi n'ihe ize ndụ nke a na-asụ na Perak, steeti ọdịda anyanwụ Malaysia.

.

## Hụkwa

* Ndị Lanoh

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* RWAAI (Nchekwa na Ebe Ọrụ maka Ihe Nketa Na-adịghị Ahụ anya nke Austroasiatic)
* Lanoh na RWAAI Digital Archive
Sibuguey

**Sibuguey** bụ olumba Pangutaran Sama, asụsụ a na-asụ na Philippines . Ọ nwere 500 ọkà okwu. 

A na-asụ ya n'Osimiri Kulasihan n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Sibuguey Bay n'etiti Agwaetiti Olutanga na isi nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Edensibia
Proto-Aslian

**Proto-Aslian bụ asụsụ mbụ e ji asụsụ ndị Aslia nke Peninsular Malaysia na ndịda Thailand emegharị. Timothy Phillips (2012) rụgharịrị ya** . 

## Ụdị ndị e wughachiri
Ụdị 289 e wughachiri Proto-Aslian dị n'okpuru ebe a sitere na Phillips (2012:259-262).
 

## Ihe ọhụrụ e ji emepụta okwu
Nhọrọ Aslian lexical innovations dị ka Paul Sidwell chọpụtara (2021): 

## Nkwekọrịta ụdaolu
O yiri ka Proto-Aslian nwere ụfọdụ njikọ fonologik na Nancowry, na-egosi na enwere ike ịnwe alaka ma ọ bụ njikọ Southern Austroasiatic nke gụnyere Aslian na Nicobaric. Gérard Diffloth (2008) na-egosi ntụnyere ndị a[1] (dịka e hotara na Sidwell 2021) ).

## Hụkwa

* Asụsụ Proto-Austroasiatic

## Edensibia
Semai

**Semai** (engrok Semai) bụ asụsụ Austroasiatic nke ọdịda anyanwụ Malaysia nke ihe dị ka mmadụ 60,438 na-asụ. Ọ bụ otu n'ime asụsụ Aslian ole na ole na-adịghị n'ihe ize ndụ, ọ nwekwara ndị na-asụ otu asụsụ 2,000. Ndị otu atọ bụ isi na-asụ ya ugbu a; Northern Semai, Central Semai na Southern Semai na-asụ ya ugbu a.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
Otu ihe pụtara ìhè gbasara usoro ụda olu Semai bụ usoro ya nke na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe nke na-egosipụta mmegharị ugboro ugboro, na-egosi ngụpụta na-adịghị akwụsị akwụsị site na nsọtụ ntọala nke onye na-agbanwe ụda, si otú a na-emepụta obere mkpụrụokwu.

### Mkpụrụedemede

### Mkpụrụ okwu

## Ihe Nlereanya
Ihe atụ nke okwu na Semai gụnyere ndị a:

## N'omenala a ma ama

* *Asli* (2017),  ihe nkiri nke David Liew duziri, bụ banyere nwa agbọghọ agbụrụ abụọ n'okporo ụzọ iji chọpụta ihe nketa ọdịbendị ya, bụ ihe nkiri mbụ jiri asụsụ Semai mee ihe na 50% nke mkparịta ụka ya. 

## Edensibia

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ
 

## Njikọ mpụga

* http://projekt.ht.lu.se/rwaai RWAAI (Repository and Workspace for Austroasiatic Intangible Heritage) 
*  Semai na RWAAI Digital Archive
* Semai dictionary of SIL International - online version accessible from Webonary.org
Temiar

Temiar bụ asụsụ Central Aslian (Austroasiatic) nke ndị Temiar na-asụ na Western Malaysia. Ndị Temiar so n'ime ndị na-asụ asụsụ Aslian kachasị, ha ruru ihe dị ka puku iri atọ na afọ 2017.

## Aha ya
 N'asụsụ ndị mmadụ, okwu ahụ bụ "Temiar" pụtara "ọnụ" ma ọ bụ "akụkụ". Ihe a pụtara na-egosi ụzọ ndị Temiar si akọwa onwe ha dị ka "ndị mmadụ n'akụkụ, n'èzí, [ya bụ, ọhịa].

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụedemede

### Mkpụrụ okwu

## Akwukwo okwu

### Okwu Nkwupụta
Okwu aha bụ (pro) aha mbido na-esote ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe na ndị na-egosi ma ọ bụ nnọchiaha onye nwe. A pụghị iji nnọchiaha ọzọ gbanwee nnọchiaha. E nwere ụdị nnọchiaha atọ (nke a na-ekwusi ike na-enweghị nrụgide, na nke a na-ejikọta). Ndị nnọchiaha nke atọ a na-ekwusi ike ga-apụta na ngosipụta (ya mere ọ na-apụta naanị dị ka ndị a na-ejighị n'aka ma ọ bụ dị ka ndị na-ejikọta na ngosipụta ahụ (*dịka na-do* 'ebe a' ma ọ bụ ʔun-tu:y 'ha-ebe ọzọ.' 

### Okwu Okwu Okwu
A na-ahazi ahịrịokwu ngwaa dị ka negation sentential, ngwaa enyemaka na ngwaa bụ isi. Okwu ngwaa na-ebute isiokwu ahụ.

## Edensibia

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* Benjamin, Geoffrey. 2011. "Deponent verbs and middle-voice nouns in Temiar." In: Sophana Srichampa & Paul Sidwell (eds), *Austroasiatic Studies: Papers from ICAAL4 (*Mon-Khmer Studies*, Special Issue no. 2)*, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics E-8, pp.&nbsp;11–37.  ISBN&nbsp; (electronic document)
* Benjamin, Geoffrey. 2012. "The Temiar causative (and related features) Archived 2022-01-30 at the Wayback Machine." *Mon-Khmer Studies* 41: 32–45.  ISSN&nbsp;0147-5207 (online).
* Benjamin, Geoffrey. 2014. "Aesthetic elements in Temiar grammar." In: Jeffrey Williams (ed.), *The Aesthetics of Grammar: Sound and Meaning in the Languages of Mainland Southeast Asia*, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.&nbsp;36–60.  ISBN&nbsp; (print, hard cover),   (eBook, 2013).  doi:

## Njikọ mpụga

* http://projekt.ht.lu.se/rwaai RWAAI (Repository and Workspace for Austroasiatic Intangible Heritage) 
*  Temiar na RWAAI Digital Archive
Temoq

**Temoq** bụ asụsụ Austroasiatic nke dị n'ihe ize ndụ nke ukwuu nke a na-asụ na steeti Pahang na Ala Malay. Temoq so na ngalaba ndịda nke asụsụ Aslian, tinyere Semelai, Semaq Beri, na Mah Meri.

## Edensibia

## Ebe e si nweta ya

* 

## Njikọ mpụga

* http://projekt.ht.lu.se/rwaai RWAAI (Repository and Workspace for Austroasiatic Intangible Heritage) 
*  Temoq na RWAAI Digital Archive
Iri edn

Ten'edn,nke a makwaara dị ka Mos na Thailand na Tonga-Mos ma ọ bụ naanị Tonga n'akwụkwọ ụfọdụ, bụ asụsụ Austroasiatic nke ndị obodo Maniq nke Thailand na Malaysia na-asụ.

* Tonga' (Toŋaʔ) 
* Mos (Mɔs) 
* Teanean (Ten'en, Tɛnʔɛn, Tean-ean) 

## Nkọwa okwu
Ndị a bụ ụfọdụ okwu ísì na Maniq: 

## Hụkwa

* Asụsụ Jahai

## Edensibia

## Ebe e si nweta ya

* 
*
Wila

Wila", nakwa asụsụ Bila’ na Lowland Semang, bụ asụsụ Malaya ndị Aslia gbanyụrụ agbanyụ nke e dekọrọ n'ụsọ oké osimiri Wellesley dị n'akụkụ Penang na mmalite narị afọ nke 19.  

## Edensibia
Arem

**Asụsụ Arem** (Cmbrau [cmrawˀ]) bụ asụsụ dị ize ndụ nke ndị Arem na-asụ n'obere mpaghara dị n'akụkụ abụọ nke ókèala Laos-Vietnam. Ọ bụ nke alaka Vietic nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Austroasiatic. N'ụzọ pụrụ iche, ọ bụ onye otu asụsụ Chut, nke bụ otu n'ime asụsụ isii nke Vietnam. UNESCO na-ewere asụsụ a dị ka nke dị ize ndụ nke ukwuu.. Dịka asụsụ ndị ọzọ nke ndị Vietic, asụsụ Arem na-eji usoro ụda olu ma ọ bụ ụda olu nke pụrụ iche na asụsụ Vietic. Dịka ọtụtụ asụsụ ndị dị na ndịda Vietic, asụsụ Arem na-ejikwa usoro mkpụrụokwu ma ọ bụ mkpụrụokwu ndị dị na mkpụrụokwu ndị dị n'ime asụsụ ahụ..

 Arem enweghị ụda olu na-eku ume nke a na-ahụkarị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ Vietic, mana o nwere mkpụrụokwu ikpeazụ e ji mee ka ọ pụta ìhè.

## Aha
Arem bụ okwu ethnographic iji kọwaa otu ndị obodo bi n'ókè nke Southern Vietnam na Laos. Ndị mmadụ na-ahọrọ ịkpọ onwe ha Cmbru.  Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na nke a bụ naanị ihe akaebe  sesquisyllabic structure na asụsụ ahụ, a na-eche na nke a nwekwara ike ịbụ okwu ethnographic nke a gbazitere site na asụsụ ọzọ dị nso.

Aha ọzọ maka Arem bụ *Umo*, nke pụtara n'ụzọ nkịtị 'ọgba' ma ọ bụ 'ọgba'. 

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ
Ọ bụ naanị ndị bi na Vietnam maara na Ndị Arem dị ruo 1959, mgbe ndị agha Vietnam chọpụtara ha. N'oge gara aga, ndị ọchịchị obodo chere na ha bụ ndị otu Bru khùa. Ndị bi na Arem bụ naanị mmadụ 53 na 1960: ụmụ nwoke 30 na ụmụ nwanyị 23. Nnyocha kachasị ọhụrụ nke mpaghara ahụ na 1999 gosiri na e nwere ndị Arem 102. N'ime ndị Arem 102 a, naanị ihe dị ka 25% nke ndị bi na ya ka e mere atụmatụ na ha na-eji asụsụ Arem eme ihe n'ụzọ na-aga n'ihu. Ndị niile na-asụ asụsụ Arem bụ ndị na-asọpụta asụsụ abụọ nke Vietnamese na ụfọdụ na-asukwa asụsụ Khùa na / ma ọ bụ Lao nke ọma.

Na Vietnam, a na-asụ Arem na Ban na obodo Tân Trạch. Na Tân Trạch, a na-asụ Arem n'ime obodo nke 39, nke nwekwara ndị Ma[ng] Coong, ndị bụ ndị Bru-Van Kieu. N'ihi ya, Ma Coong bụ nke a na-asụkarị n'ime obodo ahụ. Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 2015, e nwere naanị ihe dị ka ndị na-asụ Arem 20 fọdụrụ.

## Ọdịdị ụdaume
Asụsụ Arem na-eji okwu monosyllabic na okwu sesquisyllabic. A na-eme atụmatụ na 55-60% nke asụsụ Arem nwere okwu sesquisyllabic. Nke a dị elu karịa ọtụtụ asụsụ Vietic ndị ọzọ na-ejikarị sesquisyllables eme ihe na naanị 35-40% nke okwu ha, ma ọ bụrụ na otu asụsụ ahụ nwere sesquisyllables ọ bụla.

## Ihe edeturu na ntụaka

### Ihe edeturu

### Akwụkwọ

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Phonology na sketch grammar nke Kri, asụsụ Vietic nke Laos" (PDF). Akwụkwọ Asụsụ nke Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia. 38 (1): 3–69. doi:10.1163/1960602809x00063. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0013-4111-0.  (lee ihe edeturu na peeji mkparịta ụka) 
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 2014. Arem, Asụsụ Vietic. Mon-Khmer Studies 43.1:1-15 (ICAAL5 mbipụta pụrụ iche).

## Njikọ mpụga

* Arem corpus nke Michel Ferlus na Trần Trí Dõi chịkọtara. Pangloss Collection -  (CNRS, Paris) .
Birhor

**Asụsụ Birhor** bụ Asụsụ Munda nke nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke ndị Birhor na-asụ na Chhattisgarh, Odisha, West Bengal, na Maharashtra steeti na India.

A na-ahụkarị ndị Birhor na Chota Nagpur Plateau na Santhal Paragana, ebe ndị Uthlu Birhors bi nso Bishunpur, Gumla district, Jharkhand (n'ókè ọdịda anyanwụ na Chhattisgarh). 

## Ọnọdụ
Ndị na-asụ asụsụ Birhor na-agbanwe gaa asụsụ Hindi, obere ndị mmadụ maara Ho. E nwere obere akụrụngwa agụmakwụkwọ dị na Birhor.  Dịka Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages si kwuo, "Ndị Birhor bụ obodo agbụrụ ndị na-asụ Munda, ndị na-adabere na oke ọhịa, ndị na-erubeghị puku iri abụọ [...] Naanị puku ole na ole na-asụ asụsụ Birhor nke ọma ka dị ugbu a dịka ụzọ ndụ ha na asụsụ ha nọ n'ihe ize ndụ. Ruo n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ọtụtụ ndị Birhor nọgidere dị ka ndị na-achụ nta na ndị na-anakọta akwụkwọ na-ewulite ogige n'akụkụ ahịa obodo, na-ere ngwaahịa eriri na eriri n'ahịa obodo; ọtụtụ ugbu a a manyere ibi n'obodo ndị ọrụ ugbo bi, ebe mbibi ọhịa na mwakpo obodo emeela ka ịchụ nta na ịchịkọta ihe ghara ịdị irè dị ka ụzọ ndụ. Dịka ọ dị n'aha otu agbụrụ 'oge ochie', ndị Birhor nọ n'ala ala nke usoro okpukperechi na asụsụ dị iche iche na-achịkwa ndụ ndị India. Na ugwu Odisha, a maara otu abụọ dị iche iche n'aha dịka 'ndị na-eri enwe' ma a na-ele ha anya nke ọma. Ọnọdụ omenala na gburugburu ebe obibi nke ndị Birhor bi na ya na-agbanwe ngwa ngwa, asụsụ na omenala ha adịghịkwa mma. Ha abụọ ga-eme nke ọma.  o yikarịrị ka ọ ga-apụ n'anya n'oge na-adịghị anya n'enweghị ihe ọ bụla merenụ ozugbo..

## Edensibia

* Roy, Sarat Chandra 1925. *Ndị Birhors: agbụrụ ọhịa a na-amaghị nke ọma nke Chota Nagpur*. Ranchi: K.E.M. Mission Press.

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
* http://projekt.ht.lu.se/rwaai RWAAI (Repository and Workspace for Austroasiatic Intangible Heritage) 
*  Birhor na RWAAI Digital Archive
Kasong

**Kasong**, a makwaara ya na mbụ dị ka "Chong nke Trat", bụ asụsụ Pearic dị n'ihe ize ndụ nke ezinụlọ Austroasiatic a na-asụ na Bo Rai District  Trat Province nke Thailand.  Dabere na myirịta okwu nke ejiri ndepụta okwu dị mkpirikpi chọpụta, a na-ekewa Kasong dị ka olu asụsụ nke Central Chong.  Agbanyeghị, ọmụmụ ihe ndị ọzọ na ndepụta okwu ndị dị ogologo na-egosi na Kasong bụ asụsụ dị iche na Chong na Samre nke nwere njikọ chiri anya.. Kasong fọrọ nke nta ka ọ nwụọ; enweghị asụsụ otu onye, ndị niile na-asụ asụsụ Thai bụ isi asụsụ ha.

N'ime okwu ndị a nwalere, nnocha chọpụtara na pasent 55.38 nke asụsụ ahụ nwere okwu ndị a gbazitere na Thai. A na-achịkọta okwu ndị a n'ụdị abụọ: kpọmkwem site na Thai ma ọ bụ okwu Thai gbakwunyere na okwu Kasong dị ugbu a. Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu a na-egosi ụzọ asụsụ ahụ nwere ike ịpụ n'anya ka Thai na-ewepụ ya.

Ihe karịrị afọ iri ise gara aga, a machibidoro ndị Kasong niile iji asụsụ Kasong eme ihe n'ezinụlọ ha na ndị ọzọ n'ihi na ndị gọvanọ kwenyere na ịsụ Kasong na-egbochi ịsụ asụsụ Thai. N'ihi ya, ndị na-asụ Kasong kụziiri ụmụ ha Thai kama Kasong ihe. Ịhụ mba n'anya ndị Thai mere ka ndị Kasong mee ihere maka asụsụ ha ma ghara ichegbu onwe ha maka nchekwa ya.. Asụsụ Kasong na ndị ya na-anọchite anya ọtụtụ ndị pere mpe bi na Thailand nwere asụsụ agbụrụ.

## Edensibia
Liha

**Liha** ma ọ bụ Lyha bụ asụsụ Northwest Vietic a na-asụ na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke Nghe Mpaghara An dị na Vietnam na obere njem ala dị na Bolikhamsai ógbè, Laos, site n'aka otu agbụrụ a na-akpọ Liha .  .

## Nchịkọta
Liha nwere ụda olu isii.

## Edensibia
Mlabri

**Mlabri** bụ asụsụ ndị Mlabri na-asụ n'ókèala dị n'etiti Thailand na Laos.

A na-ekewa ya dị ka asụsụ Khmuic, otu obere asụsụ Austroasiatic. Ọkà mmụta asụsụ Jørgen Rischel amụọla asụsụ ahụ ma kọwaa ihe pụrụ iche ya n'ọtụtụ ọrụ. O kewara asụsụ ahụ ụzọ atọ: otu nke obere ìgwè na-asụ na Laos ma a na-akpọbu Yumbri, na abụọ ndị ọzọ nke nnukwu ìgwè na Thailand na-asụ. Ha dị iche na olu na okwu ọkọwa okwu.

Ọ bụ ezie na enwere ike ịgụta ruo iri na Mlabri, naanị ọnụọgụgụ otu na abụọ ka a ga-eji gbanwee aha, okwu maka 'abụọ' nwekwara ojiji dị nso na 'pair' ma ọ bụ 'couple' na Bekee karịa ọnụọgụgụ.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
Mlabri na-akọwapụta gburugburu na ụdaume azụ ya. Ọ nweghị usoro ndebanye aha nke ụfọdụ asụsụ Austroasiatic ndị ọzọ.

Mkpụrụedemede niile na-apụta ogologo na mkpụmkpụ. /a/ na-esote ụdaume palato-alveolar, ma nwee ike ịbịaru . E nwekwara ụdaume dị mkpirikpi  nke nwere nkesa pere mpe. Schwas na-apụta na mkpụrụedemede pre-tonic, mana ọ nwere ike ịbụ epenthetic. E nwere ọtụtụ diphthongs.

Ndị na-ejikọta ya na-agụnye nkwụsị abụọ /ɓ/ na /ɗ/, nke a kwadoro n'okwu ndị dị ka *wdg*">ɓuʔ 'slow' na *ɗɤŋ* 'can'. Enwere ike inyocha nkwụsị ndị a doro anya dị ka nkwụsịtụ tupu agbakọta, dịka pre-glottalization bụkwa ihe eji eme ihe maka sonorants. Mkpụrụ okwu na-agụnyekwa ụda olu na-enweghị olu, dị ka na mīɛʔ 'ọhụrụ', nītaʔ 'ọdụ ala', nīak ' (ọ dịghị) ọ bụla', ma ọ bụ wīep 'ubu'. N'ụzọ doro anya, enwere ike nyochaa ndị a dị ka usoro nke /h/ na sonorant.

Mlabri nwere usoro dị iche iche nke ụdaume nke na-apụta na njedebe nke mkpụrụedemede, gụnyere ụdaume /lh, rh, jh/. &#x5B;**&#x5D; ndị a enweghị olu ma ọ bụ na-atọrọ ntamu?] Nke abụọ bụ trill, na nke atọ karịa post-alveolar karịa palatal. Mkpụrụ okwu ndị ọzọ bụ  

## Edensibia

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* Rischel, Jørgen, Minor Mlabri. A Hunter-Gatherer Language of Northern Indochina, 1995,  . 
* Rischel, Jørgen, Pan-dialectal databases: Mlabri, a oral Mon-Khmer language, 2004 May, Lexicography Conference, Chiangmai.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] *2*, White Lotus 2000,   

## Njikọ mpụga

* Jørgen Rischel, *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080910210310/http://www.ostas.lu.se/ICSTLL/abstracts/55_Rischel.pdf N'echiche gịnị ka Mlabri bụ asụsụ West Khmuic?]*
* http://projekt.ht.lu.se/rwaai RWAAI (Repository and Workspace for Austroasiatic Intangible Heritage) 
*  Mlabri na RWAAI Digital Archive
Mok

**Mok** (/mɔ̀k/ 'ndị ugwu' ), a makwaara dịka Amok,  Hsen-Hsum, na Muak, bụ asụsụ Angkuic ma ọ bụ ụyọkọ asụsụ a na-asụ na Shan State, Myanmar 

Wurm & Hattori (1981) kọrọ akụkọ ndị ọkà okwu asaa na mpaghara Lampang, Thailand.

## Ụdị dị iche iche
Hall & Devereux (2018) na-akọ na a na-asụ ụdị ise nke Mok na Shan State, Myanmar, na-enye tebụl okwu ntụnyere na-esonụ. .

Owen (2018) na-akpọ ụdị ndị a Hwe Law, Chieng Kham, Pha Lam, Punglong, na Hwe Koi.

Asụsụ Mok nke Shan Steeti ka Shintani dere (2019). 

## Ebe a na-ekesa ya
Tannumsaeng (2020)  na-akọwa ebe atọ maka Mok: n'etiti Mong Khet na Mong Yang na ndịda Kengtung na Myanmar, na n'ókè Thai-Burmese na Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. Ebe ndị isi na-asụ asụsụ Mok na Shan Steeti gụnyere mpaghara dị n'ebe ndịda Kengtung, na mpaghara ọzọ dị n'etiti Mong Khet na Mong Yang.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
Tannumsaeng (2020),  na-ekwu maka Hall & Devereux (2018), na-enye ụdaume ndị a maka Mok.

Mkpụrụ okwu ndị ahụ bụ /ph p m f w th t n s l r c ɲ j kh k ŋ ʔ h/, na mbelata /m̩ n̩ ɲ̩ ŋ̍ th th th th /f/ na /r/ na-apụta naanị n'ụdị ụfọdụ. Mkpụrụedemede bụ /i e ɛ u ɯ o ɤ ɔ a/, na diphthongs /ia ɯa ua/. Mok nwere Ụda abụọ, otu dị ala na otu dị elu.

### Mkpụrụ okwu

### Mkpụrụedemede

Ebe e nwere ụdaume abụọ e kewara site na otu ntụpọ •, nke dị n'aka ekpe bụ nke a na-agbagharị agbagharị, nke dị n'aka nri a na-agbagharị agbagharị.

## Edensibia na ihe odide

Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations
Pear

**Pear bụ asụsụ ndị Austroasiatic nke Cambodia nke nọ n'ihe ize ndụ. "Pear" (French Péâr) bụ okwu mkparị maka agbụrụ ohu nke Khmer, mana n'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, ọ bụ okwu a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'akwụkwọ. A na-asụ ube n'obodo nta 3-4 nke Rovieng District, Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia dịka Ethnologue si kwuo**.

Sidwell (2009), na-ekwu maka Baradat (ms), na-ewere Pear nke Kompong Thom dị ka asụsụ Pearic kachasị dị iche iche.

## Edensibia
Asụsụ Phong

**Phong**,Tai Phong, ma ọ bụ Tày Poong bụ ụyọkọ olumba Vietic a na-asụ na ugwu etiti Vietnam. Ụdị dị iche iche gụnyere Đan Lai, Toum, na Liha.

## Edensibia
Ruc

Rục bụ asụsụ ndị Vietic nke ndị Ruc bi na mpaghara Tuyên Hóa, mpaghara Quảng Bình, Vietnam na-asụ. Rục pụtara 'mmiri mmiri dị n'okpuru ala', ọ bụkwa asụsụ dị ize ndụ nke obere agbụrụ na-asụ ruo ngwụcha narị afọ nke 20.. 

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
. Ebe obibi Ruc gụnyere Yên 52. na Phú Minh . 

## RỌmụmụ ụdaolu
N'adịghị ka Vietnamese, Rục na-enye ohere maka pre-syllables nwere obere ụdaume, dị ka cakuː4 'bear' (cf. Vietnamese *Gấu*). Rục bụ ihe a ma ama maka ichekwa ọtụtụ prefixes ndị furu efu Ndị Vietnamese, gụnyere prefixes (dị ka *k.-) na okwu ndị China ochie nke dị oké mkpa maka iwughachi nke Old Chinese.

Ruc bụ asụsụ nkewapụrụ onwe ya nke na-enweghị mgbanwe ọ bụla e ji eme ihe na ngwaa na aha ma ọlị, a na-ahụkwa mgbanwe n'ozuzu ya na ụtọasụsụ nyocha. N'ihe gbasara nhazi asụsụ, Ruc nwere ọtụtụ ụdị njikọta nke furu efu n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ dị ka Vietnamese, mana nkọwa ha na-emebi nke ukwuu. Mgbanwe nke ụdị Vietic ochie dị ka Ruc site na ụdị Austroasiatic inflectional gaa na nke nyocha ọhụrụ na-eme ugbu a n'enweghị mgbanwe ma na-eme ngwa ngwa, ebe ụfọdụ asụsụ Vietic emechaala usoro ahụ.

N'okpuru mmekọrịta siri ike na ndị na-asụ asụsụ ndị ọzọ dị ka Vietnamese na Lao, n'ọdịnihu, ụdị ọdịdị ochie nke Ruc nwere ike furu efu ma jiri nke ọhụrụ dochie ya dịka a hụrụ n'ọtụtụ Asụsụ ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Eshia na affixes na-adịghị arụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ anaghịzi arụ ọrụ.

E nwere okwu ole na ole a na-ahụ anya na Ruc ma ha na-eji naanị prefixes. Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ ekwuola na prefix *pa-* nke Ruc na-akwado ihe akaebe maka echiche asụsụ Austric.

Dị ka asụsụ Vietic ndị ọzọ, Ruc nwere njirimara ndị yiri ya: usoro SVO, usoro okwu, usoro okwu aha, nkọwa isiokwu, ojiji nke ụmụ irighiri ihe, ngwaa enyemaka, akara, ndị na-ekewa, nọmba, na ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe. Otú ọ dị, ụtọ asụsụ Ruc ga-adịtụ iche na Vietnamese n'ọnọdụ nke ngwaa Ruc nke a na-eji affixes na-akpata.

#### Mgbasawanye
Dị ka asụsụ Vietic ndị ọzọ, reduplication na Ruc nwere ike ịbụ reduplication zuru oke (okwu monomorphemic) ma ọ bụ mgbanwe nke akụkụ (nke nwere mgbọrọgwụ polymorphemic). Maka ihe atụ,

lɛɲ1 ('elu") → lɛɲ1 lɤaw4 ('aghụghọ") 

kərßeːŋ → kərße:ŋ1 kərßiːt2 ('ịkwụnye") 

#### Mmetụta sitere na ya
kɯcit3 ('ọnwụ") → kacit3 ('egbu") 

Ruc nwere ihe omuma akụkọ ihe mere eme nke prefix na ọtụtụ adjectives mana mgbọrọgwụ okwu ha emebiela nke ukwuu, na-ahapụ adjectives disyllabic nwere prefixes unalyzable.[10]

## Okwu
N'ihe gbasara okwu ndị bụ isi, Ruc na-ekerịta 52% na Vietnamese, 92% na May, 98% na Sach, na ihe dị ka 33~37% na asụsụ Katuic. Ruc nwekwara okwu mgbazinye ole na ole sitere na Old Chinese, ọtụtụ n'ime ha n'ụdị disyllabic.

## Edensibia

Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations
Somray

**Somray**, ma ọ bụ Northern Chong, bụ asụsụ Pearic nke Cambodia.

## Ebe a na-ekesa ya
A na-asụ Somray na mpaghara ndị a na Cambodia

* Ógbè Battambang: Ógbè Phumi Chhak Rokar (Baradat ms.) 
* Ógbè Koh Kong: n'ebe ugwu dị anya
* Ógbè Pursat: Ógbè abụọ, n'ebe ugwu, n'ọwụwa anyanwụ, na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Phum Tasanh, na osimiri Tanyong gburugburu Phum Pra Moi

Somre nke Siem Reap (Moura 1883) bụ olumba nke otu asụsụ ahụ.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụ okwu

* Mbido  na-adịkarị site na okwu ndị Khmer.
* A na-anụ ụda olu  na ọnọdụ mmalite okwu dị ka glottalized.

### Mkpụrụedemede

* Mkpụrụedemede nwekwara ike ịpụta dị ka glottalized [V] .
* Enwere ike ịnụ ụdaume  dị ka azụ [ɯ, ː] ma ọ bụ etiti .
* A pụkwara ịnụ  dị ka  mgbe ọ na-esote .

## Edensibia
Suoy

**Suoy** bụ asụsụ Pearic nke Cambodia nke dị n'ihe ize ndụ nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na-ebelata, ọkachasị ndị okenye. A na-asụ ya na Kampong Speu Province na Pursat Province, na mpaghara Phumi Krang Trachak (Ethnologue)

## Edensibia
Thavung

**Thavưng** ma ọ bụ Aheu bụ asụsụ ndị Phon Sung na-asụ na Laos na Thailand. A na-eche na e nwere ihe dị ka ndị na-asụ 1,770 na Laos, nke bụ isi na Khamkeut District. Ndị ọzọ na-asụ 750 bi n'obodo atọ dị na Song Dao District, Sakon Nakhon Province, Thailand, dịka Ban Nong Waeng (na mpaghara Pathum Wapi), Ban Nong Charoen, na Ban Nong Muang.

.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụ okwu

### Mkpụrụedemede

Mkpụrụedemede nwekwara ike ịdị ogologo. Na Thavung e nwere 3 Diphthongs: ia ɨa ua.

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* Premsrirat, Suwilai (1996). *[http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/suwilai1996phonological.pdf Akara ụda nke So (Thavung), asụsụ Vietic nke Thailand]*.

## Edensibia
Brao

**Brao** bụ asụsụ Mọnde-Khmer nke Cambodia, Laos na Vietnam.

## Ụdị dị iche iche
Dịka Ethnologue si kwuo, e nwere ụdị asụsụ anọ dị iche iche mana ha nwere ike ịghọta nke ọma, nke a na-ewere mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka asụsụ dị iche iche: Lave (Brao kwesịrị ekwesị), Kru’ng (Kreung), na Kavet (Kravet), nke ikpeazụ bụ nke naanị puku ole na ole na-asụ..

Sidwell (2003) depụtakwara obodo anọ nke ndị na-ekwu okwu, atọ n'ime ha dị na Cambodia.

* Laveh (Lave, Rawe): a na-asụ ya na Attapeu Province, Laos n'ebe ndịda isi obodo Attapeu. Laveh bụ aha gọọmentị Laotian nyere.
* **Krung** (Krüng, "Krung 2"): a na-sụ ya gburugburu Ban Lung na Ratanakiri Province, Cambodia
* **Kavet** (Kravet): a na-asụ ya na Voeun Sai District, Ratanakiri Province, Cambodia
* **Brao** (Brou, Palaw, Preou): a na-asụ n'ime na gburugburu obodo Taveng na Ratanakiri Province, Cambodia

**Lun**, nke a na-asụ na Stung Treng Province, Cambodia, nwere njikọ na Lave na Kavet (Philip Lambrecht 2012). 

## Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ
Sidwell (2003) na-atụ aro na enwere ike inwe ngụkọta nke ndị ọkà okwu 50,000, ebe Bradley (1994:161) na-enye atụmatụ nke 35,000. Atụmatụ niile dị n'okpuru ebe a sitere na Sidwell (2003:30).

* Laos: Nchịkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Laos na 1995 na-etinye ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Laveh na 17,544.
* Cambodia: Ụlọ akụ mmepe nke Eshia nyere atụmatụ nke ndị ọkà okwu 29,500 ka ọ na-erule mmalite afọ 2000.
* Vietnam: Ihe dị ka 300 Brau bi n'obodo Đắc Mế, B color Y commune, Ngọc Trabal district, Kon Tum province (Đặng, et al. 2010:112).  Parkin (1991:81) na-eme atụmatụ ọtụtụ narị Brao na Vietnam.
* Thailand: Parkin (1991:81) na-eme atụmatụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Brao dị puku abụọ na narị ise na Thailand.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

## Edensibia

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] *A Handbook of comparative Bahnaric, Vol. 1: West Bahnaric*. Pacific Linguistics, 551. Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University.

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ihe osise ụtọ asụsụ nke Brao, asụsụ Mon-Khmer. Grand Forks, N.D.: Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session. OCLC: 2915938
Cua

**Asụsụ Cua** (a makwaara ya dịka Bòng Mieu) bụ asụsụ Bahnaric a na-asụ n'ógbè Quảng Ngãi na Quảng Nam nke Vietnam. Asụsụ Cua gụnyere Kol (Kor, Cor, Co, Col, Dot, Yot) na Traw (Tràu, Dong). Maier & Burton (1981) bụ akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Cua kachasị gbasaa ruo taa.

## Nchịkọta
.Paul Sidwell (2009) weere Cua dị ka ngalaba Bahnaric nke nọọrọ onwe ya, nke ọ kpọrọ East Bahnaric. Cua nwekwara mmekọrịta dị ukwuu na asụsụ North Bahnaric. Agbanyeghị, Sidwell (2002) kewapụrụ Cua dị ka asụsụ Central Bahnaric

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
The phonology of Cua, dị ka Sidwell depụtara (dabere na Maier 1969): 

### Mkpụrụ okwu

### Mkpụrụedemede

## Edensibia

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 2009. "Olee alaka ole n'osisi? Cua na East (North) Bahnaric". Na Evans, Bethwyn (ed). *Ịchọpụta Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme Site n'Asụsụ: Akwụkwọ na Nsọpụrụ nke Malcolm Ross*. Canberra: Asụsụ Pacific.

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 1966. "Ihe osise dị mkpirikpi nke nhazi nke Cua". Van-hóa Nguyêt-san 15: 187-90.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Phonemes ndị a. " Van-hóa Nguyêt-san 15: 361-71.
* Maier, Jacqueline G. na Eva Burton, ndị nchịkọta. 1966. Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Cua (Kool). [Ihe odide] n.p.
* Maier, Jacqueline G., Đinh Đổ, na Đinh Mốc. 1974. Bay hok pok Kool Kua = Boxinginginging Cua = nkuzi asụsụ Cua. N'ihi ya, ọ bụ nwa afọ iri ka a na-akpọ Viet Nam. Saigon: Ngalaba Mmụta. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* Maier, Jacqueline G. na Eva Burton. 1981. Cua-English-Vietnamese Dictionary: 1981 Pre-publication Manuscript Dabere na 1966 Manuscript.  (nke SIL, Dallas mere) 
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Eastern North Bahnaric: Cua na Kotua." Mon-Khmer Studies 4: 113-18.
Halang

**Halang**, nke a makwaara dị ka **Salang**, bụ Asụsụ Bahnaric nke alaka Mon-Khmer nke Ezinụlọ asụsụ Austroasiatic. A na-asụ ya na mpaghara Attapu nke ndịda Laos site na ihe dị ka mmadụ 4,000 na mpaghara Kon Tum nke Vietnam dị nso site na ihe dịka mmadụ 13,000. Na Vietnam, a na-asụ Halang na Đắk Na Commune, Đắk Tô District, Kon Tum Province (Lê et al. 2014:175) 

N'ụzọ doro anya karị, Halang na-ezo aka n'olu a na-asụ na Vietnam, ebe Salang na-ezo aka n'olu a na-asụ na Laos. Halang ma ọ bụ Salang nwekwara ike ịbụ agbụrụ maka ndị otu agbụrụ na-asụ asụsụ ahụ. Agbanyeghị, na Vietnam, a na-ahazi ndị na-asụ Halang dị ka otu obere agbụrụ nke nnukwu agbụrụ Sedang.

## Edensibia