Ellen Hutchins

**Ellen Hutchins** (1785-1815) bụ onye Irish oge ochie botanist. Ọ bụ ọkachamara na ahịhịa mmiri, lichens, mosses na liverworts. A maara ya maka ịchọta ọtụtụ osisi ọhụrụ na sayensị, na-achọpụta ọtụtụ narị ụdị, na maka ihe atụ nke ihe ọkụkụ ya na akwụkwọ ndị dị ugbu a. Ndị na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ nke ụbọchị ahụ bụ aha ya bụ osisi.

## Ndụ onwe onye
Ellen Hutchins sitere na Ballylickey, ebe ezinụlọ ya nwere obere ala na isi nke Bantry Bay, County Cork, Ireland. A mụrụ ya 17 Maachị 1785 na Ballylickey House, nwa nke abụọ dị ndụ nke nne na nna ya. Nna ya, Thomas, bụ onye ọka ikpe nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ abụọ, hapụrụ nwanyị di ya nwụrụ Elinor na ụmụ isii dị ndụ (site na iri abụọ na otu)  E zigara ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ dị nso na Dublin, mgbe ọ nọ ebe ahụ, ahụike ya kara njọ. Dr Whitley Stokes, enyi ezi-na-ụlọ, kpọrọ ya n’okpuru nlekọta ya na nwunye ya n’ụlọ ya dị na Harcourt Street, Dublin. Ọ nwetaghachiri agụụ na ahụ ike ya, ma gbasoo ndụmọdụ Stokes ka ọ were akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka ihe ntụrụndụ ahụike. Mgbe ahụ́ siri ya ike, ọ laghachiri n'ụlọ ezinụlọ ya ilekọta nne ya na nwanne ya nwoke nwere nkwarụ. N'akwụkwọ ozi ya na onye na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ Dawson Turner, Hutchins na-akọwakarị owu ọmụma na mwute ya dị ka onye na-elekọta ezinụlọ ya na mba ahụ.

Ahụike ya kara njọ ọzọ ma na ngwụcha afọ 1812 ọ dara ezigbo ọrịa. Ya na nne ya kwagara Bandon na 1813 iji nweta nlekọta ahụike. Mgbe nne ya nwụrụ n'ebe ahụ na 1814, Hutchins laghachiri na Ardnagashel House, dị nso na Ballylickey, ka nwanne ya nwoke Arthur na nwunye ya Matilda lekọta ya. Ọ nwụrụ na 9 Febụwarị 1815 mgbe ọ rịasịrị ọrịa ogologo oge nke ọ nọ na-aṅụ mercury maka imeju ya. E liri ya n'ogige ụka Bantry ochie. E nweghị akara n'ili ya, mana ezinụlọ Hutchins guzobere ihe ncheta n'afọ 2002 n'ebe ili ozu ezinụlọ ha.  E debere ihe ncheta ọha na eze n'ebe ili ochie Bantry (Garryvurcha) na 2015, narị afọ abụọ nke ọnwụ ya, site na Kọmitii Mba maka Ncheta Plaques na Sayensị na Teknụzụ. 

Hutchins degaara ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ọkụkụ na ụmụnne ya ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ozi. Mgbe ụfọdụ ọ na-eji ụdị edemede leta ejiri chekwaa ụgwọ nzi ozi a na-akpọ leta gafere nke a na-atụgharị ibe ya n'akụkụ wee na-aga n'ihu na-ede n'akụkụ aka nri gaa na nkebiokwu nke mbụ. Mkpokọta akwụkwọ ozi ya abụrụla ihe bara uru maka ozi gbasara ndụ ya na onyinye ihe ọkụkụ.

## Nchịkọta osisi na ihe osise
Hutchins lekwasịrị anya na botany (ọpụrụiche nke Stokes) wee nọrọ oge dị ukwuu n'ọnụ ụzọ yana ọrụ ime ụlọ nke ịchọpụta, idekọ na ịbịaru osisi ndị ọ chịkọtara. Ọ mụtara ihe ọkụkụ, ọkachamara na Cryptogams dị ka mosses, liverworts, lichen, na ahịhịa mmiri.Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nchịkọta ya niile ka emere na mpaghara Bantry na County Cork. Osisi Lusitanian nke West Cork bụ ihe amachaghị n'oge a. Ọ mụtara ngwa ngwa na n'ụzọ doro anya nwere onyinye maka njirimara ihe ọkụkụ, mepụta ihe osise agba mmiri zuru oke, na ụdị edozi nke ọma. O zigara Stokes samples nke o bufere ndị ọzọ botanists. Site na Stokes ọ matara James Townsend Mackay, onye nlekọta na Botanic Garden of Trinity College. O nyeere ya aka na nhazi nke osisi ọ na-achịkọta ma nye aka na Flora Hibernica ya. N'afọ 1807, Mackay zigara Dawson Turner onye na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ na Great Yarmouth n'ụsọ oké osimiri East Anglian nke England, maka mbipụta ya *Fuci*. Ihe odide 'ekele' nke Turner bụ mmalite nke akwụkwọ ozi afọ asaa na mgbanwe nke ihe atụ na eserese. . National Botanic Gardens Glasnevin, Dublin bipụtara nhọrọ nke akwụkwọ ozi ndị a na 1999. .Iri abụọ na anọ n'ime akwụkwọ ozi ndị dị n'etiti Hutchins na Turner n'oge 1811 ka Hutchins nnukwu nwa ya Madeline Hutchins depụtaghachiri ma nwee ike ịnweta n'ịntanetị. Mbipụta a na-ebipụtakwa ndepụta nke ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ osisi 1100 ọ kwadebere n'etiti 1809 na 1812 na arịrịọ Dawson Turner maka "akwụkwọ zuru ezu nke ụdị osisi niile ị chọtara na agbata obi gị".

N'oge ọ na-achọ ihe atụ, o dekọrọ ihe karịrị ụdị osisi vascular 400, ihe dị ka ụdị algae 200, bryophytes 200 na lichens 200. N'etiti ìgwè abụọ ikpeazụ ọ chọpụtara ọtụtụ ụdị ọhụrụ gụnyere *Jubula hutchinsiae*, *Herberta hutchinsiae*, *Leiocolea bantriensis* (Bantry Notchwort), lichen *Thelotrema isidiodes* na ụdị lichen atọ ọzọ a na-akpọ aha ya. Ọdịiche dị n'etiti ndepụta ụdị ya na ihe ndekọ ndị ọzọ sitere na West Cork na-adọrọ mmasị ebe ọ bụ na ha na-enyere aka ịkọ ọdịda nke ụdị ụfọdụ sitere na mgbanwe na ọrụ ugbo yana mbata nke ụdị ndị na-awakpo site n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke ụwa.
Ikike ya ịchọta osisi ọhụrụ, na ogo nke ihe osise ya na ihe atụ ya dọtara mmasị site n'aka ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ọkụkụ nke oge ahụ, a gosipụtara ọrụ ya n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ dịghị mgbe o bipụtara n'aha nke ya, ọ bụ onye isi na-enye aka na sayensị osisi ọhụrụ na nke na-emepe emepe nke oge ya. Na mbụ ọ jụrụ ka aha ya jikọta ya na nchọpụta ya, n'oge na-adịghị anya ọ kwetara..Mpịakọta ndị e mesịrị nke English Botany (1790–1814) sitere na James Sowerby na James Edward Smith gụnyere nkọwa nke nchọpụta ya. Nke ikpeazụ dere banyere ya na "ọ nwere ike ịhụ ihe ọ bụla". Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị Dawson Turner dere "na botany tụfuru vootu dị ka onye na-adịghị ike ọgwụgwụ dịka ọ dị nkọ, na ihe ịga nke ọma dị ka onye anaghị ike ọgwụgwụ. "  N'akwụkwọ William Hooker's liverwort monograph *British Jungermanniae* (1816), aha ya nwere njikọ ma ọ bụ obere na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụdị ọ bụla a kpọtụrụ aha n'ime ya.  Ihe ndị ọ chọtara na-adịghị ahụkebe gụnyere lichens ma nye aka na ọrụ Lewis Weston Dillwyn bụ British Confervae (1802-09). 

Ọ bụ onye na-elekọta ubi nke ọma, ọ na-elekọta osisi gụnyere ndị Mackay zitere ya, n'ọhịa dị na Ballylickey, nke a maara dị ka Miss Ellen's Garden. Ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ obi ụtọ ya n'ogige ahụ, ma ọ bụ n'ime obere ụgbọ mmiri ya, na-achịkọta ahịhịa mmiri, nke ọ kpọtara n'ụlọ iji kewaa ma see.

## Osisi ndị a gụrụ aha Ellen Hutchins
A gụrụ otu ụdị osisi vascular aha ya:

* *Hutchinsia* (nke bụ *Hornungia* ugbu a) na Brassicaceae .  Aha a na-akpọkarị "Hutchinsia" na-aga n'ihu na UK maka *Hornungia petraea* C. Agardh.

A na-akpọ ụdị lichen atọ aha ya:

* *Lecania hutchinsiae*
* *Pertusaria hutchinsiae*
* *Enterographa hutchinsiae*

A na-akpọ ọtụtụ algae mmiri aha iji sọpụrụ ya:

* *Cladophora hutchinsiae* (Dillwyn) Kützing (= Conferva hutchinsceae Dillwyn) 
* *Dasya hutchinsiae* Harvey

A na-akpọ bryophytes abụọ ọ chọpụtara aha ya:

* *Jubula hutchinsiae* (aha a na-akpọkarị Hutchins Hollywort) 
* *Ulota hutchinsiae*  (aha a na-akpọkarị Hutchins' Pincushion)  

Na mgbakwunye, a na-akpọ liverwort na-acha oroma *Herbertus hutchinsiae* (Juniper Prongwort) aha ya. A na-ewere ya dị ka ụdị nke *Herbertus aduncus*  yana ụdị.  : 158 : 158 

## Ihe Nketa
Ihe osise ya, ihe osise ya na akwụkwọ ya dị na nchịkọta ihe ngosi nka kachasị mkpa na UK, Ireland na USA. O nyere Dawson Turner ihe osise ya nke osisi ma ọtụtụ n'ime ha nọ ugbu a na Natural History Museum, London. Nwanne nwanyị di ya, Matilda, nyere Dawson Turner ihe osise ya, ihe karịrị narị abụọ nke ihe osise mmiri ya dị ugbu a n'ebe ndebe ihe ochie nke Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, na ụfọdụ na-echekwa na Sheffield City Museum. Ihe osise na ihe osise ndị e zigara ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ọkụkụ, ma gosipụta na akwụkwọ ha, banyere na nchịkọta ha. Ndị a gụnyere nchịkọta na Trinity College, Dublin; Linnean Society, London (nchịkọta Smith); na New York Botanical Garden (William na Lynda Steere Herbarium).   Akwụkwọ ozi o degaara Dawson Turner dị na Trinity College, Cambridge; akwụkwọ ozi Dawson Turner degaara ya dịkwa n'ọbá akwụkwọ Kew Botanical Gardens na ebe nchekwa ihe ochie. Kew nwekwara akwụkwọ ozi sitere na Mackay gaa na Hutchins, na Trinity College Dublin nwere akwụkwọ ozi o degaara ya.

E mere emume Ellen Hutchins na gburugburu Bantry na 2015 ma nke a aghọwo ihe omume kwa afọ. 

E mere ihe ngosi nke ndụ ya na ọrụ ya na School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin February - April 2017.

E mere ihe ngosi banyere ndụ na ọrụ Hutchin na Boole Library nke University College Cork na 2018. 

Ellen Hutchins (1785-1815) Botanist of Bantry Bay (2019) bụ Madeline Hutchins dere ya ma Jenny Dempsey mepụtara ya banyere ndụ Hutchins gụnyere ụfọdụ ihe osise ya na foto nke oge a nke ebe ọ bi ma mụọ.

E mere ihe ngosi nke akwụkwọ ozi ya, eserese ya na akwụkwọ botanical ya na Kew Gardens site na Septemba ruo Nọvemba 2019. 

N'afọ 2020, e bipụtara akwụkwọ A Quiet Tide nke Marianne Lee. Ọ bụ akụkọ ifo banyere ndụ Hutchins.

Na Septemba 2022 ụlọ ọrụ nyocha gburugburu ebe obibi na Mahadum College Cork gbanwere aha ụlọ ha iji sọpụrụ Ellen Hutchins. N'otu oge ahụ, a kpughere Ụlọ ọgụgụ Ellen Hutchins, nke nwere ihe ncheta, ụdị ahịhịa mmiri, na akwụkwọ, akwụkwọ ozi na ihe osise nke Hutchins.

## Edemsibia

Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations