open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Abdul Matin (onye na-ahụ maka asụsụ)

Abdul Matin (December 3, 1926 - October 8, 2014) bụ onye na-eme ihe metụtara nke Bengali Language Movement nke mere na East Pakistan (nke bụ Bangladesh ugbu a) iji mee ka Bengali bụrụ otu n'ime steeti nke Pakistan.  Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị isi ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị na-hazi òtù ahụ.  Ndị ọzọ na-eme iwe na ụmụ akwụkwọ etoola onya ya n'ime otu ahụ dịka a mara ya nke ọma dị ka Bhasha Matin .

## Oge ọ malitere
A nabatara Matin na Darjeeling School na 1932. Mgbe ọ ọmụmụ akwụkwọ na 1943 ọ la ike n'Ebe Ọwụwa ụlọ Bengal.  Ka e gosiri n'afọ ahụ, nabatara ya na Rajshahi College.  Dị ka o si kwuo, o nweghị ihe askarchiri tupu ọ banye na mkpakọ.  Ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na 1947.

## Mmetụta n'Ime Asụsụ
Matin na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'oge ọrụ.  Mgbe ụfọdụ ndị na-abụ n'asụsụ Bengali dị ka otu n'ime akara, ụmụ akwụkwọ mere akwụkwọ iwe na Machị 11, 1948, ebe Matin sonyeere maka ime Lincoln iwe.  Na 24 Machị 1948, mgbe Mohammad Ali Jinnah kwuru okwu ya na Race Course Maidan (nke bụ Suhrawardy Udyan ugbu a), ọ bịara Mahadum Dhaka maka ikpe ụka.  Matin nọkwa n'ememe ahụ iji akara akara ugo juru ya.  Mgbe Jinnah kwu ngosi ọnọdụ ya iwu iwu, Otú ọ dị, Matin guzoro n'oche ma tie mkpu, Mba.  Ọpụghị ịbụ.  Ụmụ akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ kwadokwara ya n'oge ahụ.[1][2]    N'etiti September 1951, na akwụkwọ dị n'etiti ụlọ Ụlọ akwụkwọ Dhaka, Matin kwuru na ha akara Urdu, mana ọ mmetụta Bangla na Urdu.[3]Matin nọ na akwụkwọ ahụ na 30 Jenụwarị 1952, wee onye otu Shorbodolio Rashtrabhasha Kormoporishod.  Na ụdị, na 11 Machị 1951, e mere ihe na Mahadum Dhaka, nke East Pakistan Chatra (Student League) haziri.  Khaleque Nawaz Khan, onye ndú akwụkwọ ochie na onye isi oche nke Chatra League n'oge ahụ, duziri akwụkwọ ahụ.  Na ire ahụ, a na-amụ Matin dị ka onye nhazi nke ọgbakọ Ọrụ Asụsụ Mahadum Dhaka.

## Mmekọrịta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị ọzọ
Matin sonyeere ndị odeakwụkwọ klas nke anọ n'otu n'ime ngagharị ha. N'ebe ahụ ka e jidere ya ma nọrọ ọnwa abụọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. Mgbe ọ na-alọta n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, osote onye isi mahadum ahụ rịọrọ ya maka nkwekọrịta. Otú ọ dị, mgbe ọ jụrụ, a chụrụ ya n'ọrụ ruo afọ atọ, nke, dị ka o si kwuo, bụ oge mgbanwe nke ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ siri ike iji guzobe Chhatra Union n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 1952 wee bụrụ onye isi oche nke abụọ nke East Pakistan. A họpụtara Matin ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ nke mpaghara Pabna nke Communist Party n'afọ 1954. Afọ atọ ka e mesịrị, ọ sonyeere NAP nke Maulana Bhasani.

O guzobere East Pakistan Communist Party (ML) na 1958 ma soro echiche nke Charu Majumdar, onye na-eme mgbanwe nke India.

Mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya, ọ lụsoro Jatiya Rakkhi Bahini ọgụ ma jide ya na 1972.

## Ọnwụ
Matin nwụrụ na 8 Ọktoba 2014, na Mahadum Ọgwụ Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib nke Dhaka (BSMMU). Ọ nọ na-agwọ ọrịa na ICU mgbe ọ dara ọrịa strok na 18 Ọgọstụ ma nọrọ na nkwado ndụ mgbe ọnọdụ ya kara njọ na 3 Ọktoba.

## Onyinye
E nyere Matin Ekushey Padak n'afọ 2001. N'afọ 2008, Mahadum nke Dhaka nyere ya nzere Doctor of Law maka nhọrọ ya na ahia. 

## Ihe odide
Pratibha Mutsuddi

thumb|Pratibha Mutsuddi
Pratibha Mutsuddi (amuru na 16 Disemba 1935) [1] bụ onye nkuzi na onye na-ahụ maka akara na Bangladesh.  O ዋና na Movement Bengali n'afọ 1952. [2] Ọ ọrụ dị ka onye nduzi na onye isi nke Kumudini Welfare Trust, ntọala nke Ranadaprasad Saha ete na 1947. [3].

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A njikọ ya n'obodo Mohamuni Pahartali dị na Chittagong, British India, nwa nke ọkàiwu Kiron Bikash Mutsuddy na ebe ya Shaila Bala Mutsuddy;  ọ bụ otu n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ.  Mutsuddi akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Mahamuni Anglo Pali Institution .  Ebe ọ natara akwụkwọ mbụ ya n'akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ndị dị n' akara ahụ, ọ gara Dr. Khastagir Government Girls' School, Chittagong, ebe akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na ule ule na 1951 na-aga n'ihu na Chittagong College, ebe ọ hụ maka nzere na Economics, [1] na-agafe ule dị n'etiti na 1953. [2] N'afọ 195.  na Mahadum Dhaka, ebe ọ pastọ onye ọrụ a mmahụ nke otu ụmụ akwụkwọ, wee nweta nzere masta na akụ na-ahụ n'otu mahadum ahụ afọ abụọ ka e ịhụ.  Ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ya site n'ịga Mymensingh Teachers' Training College ma nweta B.Ed.  nzere na 1960.

## Mgbalị asụsụ
Mgbe Nkewa nke India ihu na 1947, ọ pụtara ichegbu onwe ya ọnọdụ Asụsụ Bengali na East Pakistan, wee sonye na nri iji mee ka a mara ya dị ka egwuregwu, nke na 1952 gara nke ọma.  Dị ka onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ Cox's Bazar Girls, ọ hụ na ọ na-eme ndị a ma wee gbaa arụkwaghịm iji mee akwụkwọ.[1]  ọhụrụ ọhụrụ na Joydevpur Govt.  Girls' High School, ọ gara n'ihu na-eche nsogbu ihu site na bureaucracy na 1963 ọ iku onye nkuzi nkuzi na nna na Bharateswari Homes.  Ranadaprasad Saha, onye ụlọ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, buliri ya ka ọ bụrụ onye njikwa ma ikike bụ onye isi.  Ọ ghọkwara onye ụmụaka na Kumuduni Welfare Trust, nke ọ na-etinye aka na ya mgbe ọ lara ezumike na nkuzi.  N'afọ 2011, ọ bụ onye ọbịa a na- ike na ihe omume iji kwado ụmụaka nyere nyere na Mahadum Dhaka.  [2] N'afọ 2016, ọ bụ otu n'ime ụmụ amaala Bangladesh 27 a ma ama natara onyinye iche site n'aka Amin Jewelers n'oge na-agba edo nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ..

## Onyinye

* Ekushey Padak (2002) 
* Bangladesh Buddhist Women's Federation Award (2013) 
* Onyinye Sufia Kamal (2015) 
* Ihe nrite Amin Jewelers (2016) 

## Ihe odide

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Laila Nur

Laila Nur (Ɔktoba 5, 1934 - Mee 31, 2019) bụ onye na-emenụ iwe maka iwere Bangladesh na nkwado.[1]  Ọ sonyeere Comilla Victoria Government College na 1957 dị ka prọfesọ mbụ ya.

## Oge ọ malitere
Njikọ Laila Nur na 5 Ọktoba 1934 na Daudkandi Thana, Comilla.   Nna ya bụ Abu Naser, nweta, nne ya bụ Shamsunnahar Mehedi.  Ọ daban ụlọ akwụkwọ dị elu (HSC) n'afọ 1952. O akara nzere Bachelor of Arts na akwụkwọ Bekee na 1956 na Mahadum Dhaka .

## Ntinye aka na Movement Asụsụ
Dị ka nwa anya na 1952, Nuradi na Movement Martian Bengali.  Na 20 Febụwarị 1955, Ndị uwe ojii Pakistan jidere ya na ihe dị ka ụmụ akwụkwọ 20 maka ngwaahịa iso onye na-eji n'echi ya.   Ɔ LED n'ada ụbọchị iri abụọ na otu maka egwu aka na Language Movement. 

## Ihe ndị ọkachamara rụzuru
N'afọ 1957, Nur ghọrọ nwanyị mbụ a họpụtara dịka prọfesọ na Comilla Victoria Government College . 

Nur sụgharịrị abụ 115 nke Titas Chowdhury n'asụsụ Bekee.

N'afọ 2014, Nur natara ihe nrite Binoy Sommanona maka enyemaka ya na Language Movement na agụmakwụkwọ. 

## Ihe odide
Alamgir Siddique

Alamgir Siddique (আলমগীর সিক্দিকী) bụ onye ike ike si Jashore, Bangladesh, onye a mara nke ọma maka ihe aka na ihe Bengali nke ahụkwere Bengali dị ka ọrụ nke Pakistan.

## Oge ọ malitere
A mụrụ Siddique na 19 Nọvemba 1926. 

## Ọrụ
Na ndị ọrụ ndị eji ụzọ ya, Alamgir Siddique ngwaọrụ na East Pakistan Muslim Student League .  [1] Na January 1948, o akara maka ụmụ akwụkwọ Jessore, na-achọ Bengali dị ka akwụkwọ mba, nke e edi na akwụkwọ Ittehad.  O keere òkè dị mkpa n'ịmepụta commfimfi ozi Service Asụsụ Mba na Jessore na Febụwarị 1948. N'ime iri abụọ na isii n'afọ Febụwarị, na ihe nke ndị isi ụmụ akwụkwọ n'iche ya, e mere mmemme kọmitii yiri nke National Language Action Committee na Dhaka.  Akọmitii ahụ na Jessore na 2 Machị n'ụzọ nke Michael Madhusudan College.  Ya (n'aha Student League) na Ranjit Mitra (n'ihi Student Federation) bụ ndị akwụkwọ kọmitii. a.

Mgbanwe mgbanwe Bengali na East Pakistan mere n'ụzọ abụọ - 1948 na 1952. Na Jessore, oge 1948 bụ nke na-agbawa agbawa ma na-ekere òkè ụfọdụ oge 1952. Ka òtù na-eto na Machị 1948, ịdị mmadụ ahụ na ndị uwe ojii na Jessore sere okwu.  [1].  Ndị uwe ojii gbara Siddique égbè n'oge ịnọ ahụ, merụọ ahụ.[3][4][2][5][6]  Ya, ya na Jiban Ratan Dhar na Afsar Ahmed Siddiqui, keere òkè dị mkpa n'iwu Shaheed Minar mbụ na Jessore.  Ka e ịhụ, na 1962, ya na Muhammed Abdul Hye, onye isi nke Michael Madhusudan College, ntọala ntọala nke Shaheed Minar na-adịgide na-adị njikere, nke a na-ewere dị ka Central Shaheed Miner nke Jessore ruo 2017.[7]  Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị bipụtara Jessore City College. 

N'afọ 1949, Siddique sonyeere Awami Muslim League .  [1] Ọ bụ ọrụ dị ka ike nke pati ahụ na Jessore .  [2] N'afọ 1957, mgbe Awami League kewara n'ime Awami League (AL) na National Awami Party (NAP) , ọ sonyeere NAP nke Bhasani na-eduzi, nke akwụkwọ iwu mba ọzọ na-enweta nke njikọ, na-dị iwu mba ọzọ nke Suhrawardy na-edu.  Mgbe ahụ, ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Jessore district NAP na ike nke kọmitii etiti NAP.  

Alamgir Siddique mmetụta na mbụ aka Bangladesh General nke 1973 site na mpaghara Jessore IX dị ka onye NAP-B na-azọ Raushan Ali nke Awami League, Mosharraf Hossain LL.B.  nke JSD, na Kazi Abdus Shahid Lal nke NAP-M.  [1] Ọ nwụrụ na 17 June 1977. [2] Na ụlọ ya, a na-akpọ otu ụlọ dị na ụlọ Jessore Institute Alamgir Siddique Hall  .

## Ihe odide
Muhammad Takiullah

Muhammad Takiullah (1926 - 16 Nọvemba 2017) [1] bụ onye agha Bangladesh.  nke Bangladesh nyere ya Ekushey Padak na 2018. [2] Ọ bụ nwa nwoke nke a anọ nke onye ọkachamara aha ya Bengali Muhammad Shahidullah . 

## Ọrụ
Takiullah kalenda Bangla Promita Bangla Barshapanji.   Ọ na-etinye aka na òtù ndị Kọmunist sere awụ 1940. Ọ na-arụ ka ike ukwu nke kọmitii Dhaka nke Communist Party na 1951. 

## Ihe odide
Ghulam Arieff Tipoo

**Ghulam Arieff Tipoo** ( ; 28 Ọgọst 1931 – 15 Maachị 2024) bụ onye ọka iwu Bangladesh, onye na-akwado nnwere onwe, na onye na-akwado mmegharị asụsụ.  Ọ bụ onye isi ọka ikpe nke International Crimes Tribunal,  ụlọ ikpe mpụ agha ụlọ na Bangladesh hibere iji nyocha na ikpe ndị a na-enyo enyo maka mgbukpọ ahụ e mere n'oge agha nnwere onwe Bangladesh.

A haziri Movement Language nke 1952 na mpaghara Rajshahi n'okpuru nduzi ya.  [1] Ọ bụ onye na-eme akwụkwọ nke Rastrabhasa Sangram Parishad na mpaghara ahụ.  [1] N'ịghọta nna ya na egwu Bengali, ike Bangladesh nyere ya ihe nrite nke ngosi elu na mba ahụ, Ekushey Padak na 2019.

## Oge ọ malitere
A njikọ Tipoo na 28 Ọgọstụ 1931 n'obodo Kamalakantapur nke Shibganj Upazila na Chapainawabganj nke British India (nke bụ Bangladesh ugbu a).  [1] Ọ bụ nwa nwoke nke abụọ n'ime ụmụ NFL nke nne na nna ya.[2]  Ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ Kaliachar na 1948 na ụlọ ụlọ akwụkwọ dị elu na Rajshahi College na 1950.[3]  Ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ n'otu akwụkwọ ahụ n'afọ 1952. O akara akara ule na Mahadum Dhaka .  [1] Ọ bụ ike ukwu nke Bangladesh Students Union site na 1954 ruo 1956.  

## Ọrụ
Tipoo akụkọ ọrụ ya dị ka onye ọka iwu n'afọ 1958. Ọ bụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi oche nke Rajshahi Advocate Bar Association.  Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị omeiwu na ndị otu nke Mahadum Rajshahi.  Ọ nọkwa na kọmitii nke Bangladesh Bar Council . 

## Ndụ onwe onye na ọnwụ
Tipoo lụrụ Jahan Ara Chowdhury Lui; di na nwunye ahụ nwere ụmụ nwanyị atọ na otu nwa nwoke. 

Tipoo nwụrụ na 15 Machị 2024, mgbe ọ dị afọ 92. 

## Edensibia
Kanailal Niyogi

Kanailal Niyogi (1924 - 19 Mee 1961) bụ onye ọrụ nke Indian Railways onye ihe na Bengali Language Movement na Barak Valley na 1961. Na 19 Mee 1961, Niyogi iku onye nwụrụ n'ihi akụkọ ya mgbe ndị agha gbagburu ya na ụgbọ okporo ígwè Tarapur dị na Silchar.

## Oge ọ malitere
A foto Kanailal n' fim Hindu Bengali n'obodo Khilda nke mpaghara Mymensingh nke Dwijendralal na Monorama Niyogi na 1924. Mgbe ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ, ọ ọrụ ọrụ na Bengal Assam Railway.  E mmetụta ya na Silchar, ebe ya na mpaghara ya biri.  Mgbe nkewa nke India nchebe, Niyogi kwagara Silchar kpamkpam.

## Ịnwere n'ihi okwukwe ya
Ka Movement nke Asụsụ Bengali na-enweta ume na Ndagwurugwu Barak, Niyogi batara na ya.  N'agbanyeghị na ọ bụ onye ọrụ ụgbọ okporo ụzọ, o nso na Satyagraha na 19 Mee 1961. [1] Isi ihe omume nke satyagrahis bụ ozi ụgbọ okporo ụzọ na ụgbọ okporo ụzọ Tarapur na-achọ ihie nke Bengali na Assam.  Usoro ụgbọ okporo ụzọ, n'udo n'ụtụ.  Otú ọ dị, n'ehihie, n'ihe dị ka elekere 2-35 nke ehihie, ndị ọrụ agha e mmetụta n'ihe ọrụ ahụ egwu ịgba satyagrahis égbè n' ሞት ihe ọ ALA na-akpasu iwe.[1]  Niyogi nwere ikike ahụ mgbo ma kpọga ya na ndị ọzọ n' ọgwụ Silchar Civil ebe a elele na ọ matara.  Nwunye ya, ụmụ nwoke na abụọ akara ngosi na nne ya dị afọ 70 በቀላሉ ya.

## Hụkwa

* Kamala Bhattacharya
* Sachindra Chandra Pal
* Birendra Sutradhar
* Tarani Debnath
Sachindra Chandra Pal

Sachindra Chandra Pal (1942 - 19 Mee 1961) bụ nwa akwụkwọ India nke ihe na Bengali Language Movement na Silchar.  E gburugburu ya na 19 Mee 1961. [1] A na-akpọ okporo ụzọ Sachindra Paul dị na Silchar na ebe ya.

## Oge ọ malitere
A alaka Sachindra Chandra Pal n' fim Bengali Kayasta, n'obodo nta nke Madanpur, n'okpuru ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii Nabigan na mpaghara Habiganj nke isi Sylhet na 1942, na Gopesh Chandra Pal.   Ọ bụ nwa nwoke nke abụọ n'ime ụmụ isii na otu nwa nwoke.   N'oge Nkewa ahụ, akara ha kwagara Silchar ma biri n'obodo ahụ.   Sachindra gara Cachar High School na Silchar wee pụta maka ule ule na 1961. 

## Ịnwere n'ihi okwukwe ya
N'ụbọchị sochiri ule ule, a haziri satyagraha na ụgbọ okporo ụzọ Tarapur na Silchar na-achọ Bengali dị ka ụzọ njikọ.  Sachindra sonyeere satyagraha.  Usoro ụgbọ okporo ụzọ, n'udo n'ụtụ.  N'ehihie n'ihe dị ka elekere 2:30 nke ehihie, otu gwongworo bu satyagrahis e jidere na-agafe, mgbe a gbara ya ọkụ na ike.  Mgbe satyagrahis mere mere, ndị ọrụ agha e sere n'ebe ahụ egwu ịgba égbè n'eleghị anya n'ihu, na-egbu Sachindra..

## Hụkwa

* Kamala Bhattacharya
* Birendra Sutradhar

## Ihe odide
Ahmed Rafiq

thumb|Ahmed Rafiq
Ahmed Rafiq ( Galinlọ na 12 September 1929) bụ onye na-eme akwụkwọ maka Bangladesh, onye edemede na onye ọgwụ na Rabindranath Tagore na akwụkwọ ya.  [1] [2] [3] Ọba Ekushey Padak na saịtị 1995 n'aka nke Bangladesh.[4]  Tagore Research Institute na Kolkata nyere ya utu aha Rabindratattacharya na 2011. 

## Mbido ndụ na ọrụ
A jarida Rafiq na 12 September 1929 n'aka nne na nna Ndị mmadụ Bengali Abdul Hamid na Rahima Khatun n'obodo Shahbazpur na Sarail, mgbe ahụ nke mpaghara Brahmanbaria nke onye Tipperah nke mpaghara Bengal.[1]  Ọdị MBBS ya na Dhaka Medical College na 1958. [2] O akwụkwọ akwụkwọ uri ya Nirbashita Nayak (1996) na akwụkwọ edemede Onek Ronger Akash (1966).  Ọ nta onye otu Bangla Academy na onye otu ndụ nke Asiatic Society of Bangladesh . 

## Onyinye

* Ihe nrite nke Bangla Academy Literary Award (1979) 
* Ihe nrite Olokto Literature (1992) 
* Ekushey Padak (1995) 
* Onyinye Rabindra nke Bangla Academy (2011) 
* "Swadesh e Rabindra" site na Tagore Research Institute na Kolkata (2011) 

## Ọrụ

* *Shishuder Rabindranath*
* *Kishorder Rabindranath*
* *Nirbachita Rabindranath*

## Ihe odide

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Chandicharan Sutradhar

Chandicharan Sutradhar (nwụrụ na 19 Mee 1961) bụ onye na-ahụ maka ọnwụ India bụ onye nwụrụ n'ihi ụbọchị ya na Bengali Language Movement na Silchar .

## Akụkọ ndụ
Sutradhar bụ onye otu egwu Bengali.  Na ụlọ ọrụ ya, Sutradhar kesara ozi gbasara Bengali na nsogbu nke ndị na-asụ Bengali na ndị ọzọ na-eme iwe, dị ka Birendra Sutradhar.

Na 19 Mee 1961, a haziri satyagraha na ụgbọ okporo ụzọ Tarapur na Silchar na-achọ ka Bengali ihe na-eme ihe na-eme ememme ahụ nke Assam iji mee ka Assamese bụrụ naanị omume.  Usoro ụgbọ okporo ụzọ agafeela n'udo n'ụtụ.  N'ehihie, ndị Assam Rifles isola ịbịa n'ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ụzọ.  N'ihe dị ka elekere 2:35 nke ehihie, ndị agha ndị iji ụtarị égbè na ụtarị tie ndị na-eme tarihin iwe ihe ma , ndị uwe ojii egwu ịgba ndị na-ese-iwe iwe égbè.  N'ime ndụ asaa, ndị agha gbara égbè iri na asaa.  Sutradhar so na ndị na-eme ọnụ iwe iri na otu ọnwụ.

## Ihe odide
Matagot

Amatagot ma ọ bụ **mandagot** bụ, n'ọdịnala ọdịnala French, mmụọ n'ụdị anụmanụ, na-abụkarị nwamba ojii, ọ bụ ezie na a na-ekwukwa na òké, nkịta ọhịa, nkịta, ma ọ bụ ụdị ehi dị. 

Matagots na-abụkarị ihe ọjọọ, mana ụfọdụ nwere ike ịba uru, dị ka "magician cat" nke a na-ekwu na ọ na-eweta akụ na ụba n'ụlọ ma ọ bụrụ na a na-enye ya nri nke ọma.Dị ka omenala si dị, a ghaghị iji ọkụkọ ọhụrụ, nke na-eju afọ rafuo matagot, wee buru onye nwe ya laa n'ụlọ n'eleghị anya n'azụ.  Ọ bụrụ na a na-enye nwamba ahụ ọnụ nri na ihe ọṅụṅụ na nri ọ bụla, ọ ga-eji mkpụrụ ego ọla edo siri ike kwụọ onye nwe ya ụgwọ kwa ụtụtụ.  Na omenala Gascony, ị gaghị edebe matagot n'oge ndụ gị niile: ọ bụrụ na onye nwe ya na-anwụ anwụ, ọ ga-ata ahụhụ ogologo oge, ma ọ bụrụhaala na ọ hapụghị matagot.

## Edensibia
Marilyn M. White

**Marilyn M. White** bụ onye America na-akọ akụkọ ọdịnala nke na-eme nchọpụta banyere akụkọ ọdịnala na akụkọ ọdịnala ezinụlọ nke Africa America. Ọ na-eme nnyocha na Little Cayman .  White bụ onye isi oche nke American Folklore Society  na onye isi oche ogologo oge nke Association of African and African American Folklorists .  White bụkwa onye otu ndị nlekọta nke American Folklife Center . 

White gụsịrị  B.A.  na Bekee sitere na Mahadum Hampton, [1] MA na akụkọ ifo sitere na Mahadum Indiana, [1] na PhD na anthropology (folklore) sitere na Mahadum Texas na Austin.

Ọ bụ prọfesọ nke mmụta gbasara mmadụ na Mahadum Kean site na 1985 ruo 2011.[1]  Ọ kụzikwaara mbụ na Mahadum Western Kentucky afọ asatọ.

## Edensibia

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ụgbọ mmiri Matsuri

thumb|Dashi na-ese n'elu mmiri na ndị mmadụ na-agba ya na ndị mmadụ-adọkpụ ya
Matsuri float, nke a makwaara dị ka dashi ma ọ bụ sansha, bụ ụdị ese n'elu nke a na-adọta ma ọ bụ na-ebu n'oge ememme na Japan.  Ọ bụ okwu n'ozuzu a na-eji na-ezo aka n'elu mmiri ọ bụla ejiri mee nke  a.

Dashi bụ otu n'ime nnukwu ihe owuwu atọ na ememme ndị Japan n'akụkụ Yatai, na Mikoshi.

Okwu eji eme ihe maka Matsuri floats nwere ike ekwekọrịtaghị ma dị iche na mpaghara Japan.  Ụfọdụ aha a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka ụgbọ mmiri ndị a gụnyere Kasaboko, Danjiri, Yamahoko, Yamakasa, na Hikimono.  Ọzọkwa, a na-akpọ Dashi na Yatai floats hikiyama na yama mgbe ụfọdụ.
thumb|Ndị mmadụ na-ebu mikoshi
Dashi floats (山車) bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ememme ndị Japan, a haziri ya na mbụ ka ọ dị ka ugwu. Nke a na-egosipụta echiche nke Ofufe Ugwu, ebe ndị mmadụ kwenyere na mmụọ bi n'ugwu. Mgbọ na mma agha ndị na-achọ elu nke dashi mma bụ ihe ịrịba ama maka mmụọ ndị a, ndị mmadụ na-agbagharị n'elu dashi iji nyere aka nabata chi. Dashi nwere ụkwụ ma ndị mmadụ na-adọkpụ ha, ha nwekwara ike iburu ndị njem.

A na-eji Mikoshi ebu kami n'usoro a na-akpọ Shinko-shiki.  Ndị mmadụ na-ebu Mikoshi n'ubu ha, ebe ndị mmadụ na-adọta dashi.  Anaghị ekwe ka ndị mmadụ nọkwasị na mikoshi n'ihi na ọ bụ naanị chi. 

Enwere ike ịhụ ụgbọ mmiri Dashi n'ọtụtụ ememme na Japan, dị ka Takayama Matsuri na Gifu Prefecture na Kanda Matsuri na Tokyo. N'oge Takayama Matsuri, ụgbọ mmiri iri na-agafe obodo ahụ n'ehihie na n'abalị. Kanda Matsuri nwere ma ihe na-ese n'elu mmiri dashi na mikoshi, na ndị mmadụ na-eyi uwe ọdịnala na-agagharị n'okporo ámá.

## Hụkwa

* Ihe na-ese n'elu mmiri
* Seki-juku (Tōkaidō) 
* Ndepụta nke Ihe Omenala Ndị Dị Mkpa A Na-apụghị Ịhụ Anya
* Ihe nketa ọdịbendị a na-apụghị ịhụ anya

## Edensibia

## Ebe e si nweta ya

* "Hikiyama na Shinminato" (Shinminato, Toyama Board of education) bipụtara n'ọnwa Ọktoba 1981.
* McPherson, Sean Harland. "Ọdịnala na-agbanwe agbanwe: Ihe owuwu na ihe ọkpụkpụ nke Chita Peninsula Dashi. " PhD Diss. U.C. Berkeley College of Environmental Design, Department of Architecture, 2001.
* "Takaoka Mikurayama" (Takaoka City Board of Education) 2000, nke e bipụtara na 31 Machị 2000.

## Njikọ mpụga

* UNESCO.org/culture/ich/en/RL/yama-hoko-yatai-float-festivals-in-japan-01059" id="mwXQ" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Yama, Hoko, Yatai, emume ụgbọ mmiri na Japan - UNESCO World Intangible Cultural Heritage "Yamaboko Yatai Event" Nkọwa na Vidio (Bekee) 
Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations
Mayoiga

**Mayoiga** (Japanese: 迷い家) n'akụkọ ọdịnala ndị Japan na-ezo aka n'ụlọ "na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla" ma ọ bụ "nke a na-elekọta nke ọma" mana a gbahapụrụ agbahapụ nke dị n'akụkụ ugwu ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ ma ọ bụ ọzara yiri ya.

Akụkọ akụkọ a bịara mara nke ọma mgbe onye na-agụ akụkọ akụkọ Kunio Yanagita webatara akụkọ ọ nụrụ n'ọnụ Kiyoshi Sasaki, onye obodo Tsuchibuchi Village, Iwate Prefecture (nke bụ Tono City ugbu a), na isi 63 na 64 nke Tales of Tono (1910).

Dị ka Tales of Tono si kwuo, Mayoi-ya bụ ụlọ dị omimi nke na-enye ndị niile na-eleta akụ na ụba na nsọpụrụ, a na-enyekwa ndị ọbịa ohere iwere ihe ọ bụla n'ụlọ ahụ. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụghị mmadụ nile pụrụ inweta ngọzi a.  "Rokusan" na-akọ akụkọ ịga nke ọma nke nwunye ezinụlọ Miura, bụ onye e nyere akụ n'ihi na ọ naghị achọ ọdịmma onwe ya nanị, ebe "Rokushi" na-akọ akụkọ ọdịda nke otu nwa okorobịa nke tụfuru akụ na ụba ya n'ihi na ọ na-eduzi onye obodo nwere anyaukwu.

## Hụkwa

* Obodo ndị Japan na-eme ihe ike
* Misaki no Mayoiga
* Obodo Lost (usoro ihe nkiri TV) 

## Edensibia
Asụsụ Mbembe

**Mbembe bụ asụsụ Cross River nke Naijiria.  Odut, [1] ụdị dị iche iche a na-asụ n'ime obodo dị anya na ndịda nke Mbembe, nwere ndị na-ekwu okwu iri abụo na 1980 ma nwee ike ịnwụ.**

## Edensibia
Akụkọ ọdịnala nke Meitei

thumb|Ihe nkiri sitere na akụkọ ifo nke Khamba Thoibi nke Moirang oge ochie, mpaghara ndịda nke Manipur oge ochie.
akụkọ ọdịnala Meitei bụ akụkọ ọdịnala na akụkọ ifo nke Ndị Meitei nke Manipur, India.

A na-ebufe akụkọ ifo dị otú ahụ site n'ọgbọ ruo n'ọgbọ.[1]  Ugbu a, gọọmentị Manipur na-eme atụmatụ ichekwa akụkọ ọdịnala nke ndị Meitei site na agụmakwụkwọ praịmarị na ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị.

## Edensibia
Mateli Magdalena Kuivalatar

**Mateli Magdalena Kuivalatar** (8 Mee 1771 - 29 Disemba 1846) bụ onye Finland-Karelian folksinger, onye na-ahụ ụzọ, na nwanyị aghụghọ. A na-ewere ya dị ka onye a ma ama n'etiti ndị a ma ama na Finnish-Karelian folksingers nke mmekọahụ ya. Ọ nwere mmetụta siri ike na *Kanteletar* site na Elias Lönnrot.

## Ndụ
A mụrụ Mateli Magdalena Kuivaltar na 8 Mee 1771, na ezinụlọ ya so na klas ndị ọrụ ugbo.  Ọ bụ onye nke isii n'ime ụmụ iri na otu nke Antti Antinpoika Kuivalainen (b. 1741) na Valpuri Matintytär Muroke si Oskola, Tohmajärvi.  Ọ lụrụ Pietari (Pekka) Antinpoika Ikonen na 1793 wee mụọ ụmụ iri na otu.  Ọ nwụrụ na 1832.

Elias Lönnrot zutere Kuivalatar na Septemba 1838. Ka ọ na-erule mgbe ahụ, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ gwụchaa na *Kanteletarma mgbe o zutechara ya ma mata na ọ ma ihe banyere isiokwu ahụ, ọ degharịrị ọrụ ya wee malite ọzọ.  Egwu ọdịnala ya dị ụkọ, ma na-adaberekarị na agụụ nwa agbọghọ nwere maka ịhụnanya.  Agụnyekwara uri ya gụnyere ihe omume nke Kalevala*, 

Ọ nwụrụ n'ọrịa kansa.

## Edensibia

* Apo, Sato: Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke akwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị Nordic
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* Oja, Aulis: Mateli Kuivalatar na-eme ka sukunsa dị ọkụ. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Porvoo: Kalevalaseura  (suomeksi) 
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
Beaman Monster

N'ime akụkọ ọdịnala Missouri, anụ ọhịa Beaman bụ ihe akpọrọ aha obodo Beaman. Akụkọ ifo banyere anụ ọhịa dị iche iche; Ụfọdụ na-akọwa ihe e kere eke dị ka nchara nke gorilla dị mita 12 n'ogologo kwuru na ọ gbapụrụ n'ụgbọ okporo ígwè na-eme egwuregwu, ebe ndị ọzọ na-akọwa anụ ọhịa ahụ dị ka "anụ ọhịa wolf ma ọ bụ ọkpụkpụ anụ ọhịa.".

A kọọrọ akụkọ banyere Beaman Monster ruo ọtụtụ ọgbọ na mpaghara Sedalia.  Otu onye si Beamon na-ekwu na akụkọ ahụ malitere na 1900s.

## Edemsibia
Reidar Thoralf Christiansen

**Reidar Thoralf Christiansen** (27 Jenụwarị 1886 - 22 Julaị 1971) bụ onye Norwegian folklorist, onye na-edebe ihe ochie nke Norwegian Folklore Collection (NFS) na prọfesọ nke folkloristics na Mahadum Oslo.

## Akụkọ ndụ
Christiansen gụrụ nkà mmụta okpukpe n'oge 1904-1909 ma rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi asụsụ maka Finnish na Sami maka onye ụkọchukwu e zigara Finnmark, mana ọ bụghị ya onwe ya ka a họpụtara dị ka onye ụkọcha. Kama nke ahụ, o nwere mmasị na akụkọ ọdịnala n'okpuru nduzi nke Moltke Moe (1859-1914).Ọ natara agụmakwụkwọ maka ọkara afọ ọ nọrọ na Finland na 1912, ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ n'okpuru Kaarle Krohn (1863-1933). N'afọ 1914-1916 ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Copenhagen, na-amụ n'okpuru Axel Olrik (1864-1917). Ọ gakwara Mahadum Lund ma gụọ akwụkwọ n'okpuru Carl Wilhelm von Sydow (1878-1952).

Na 1919, Christiansen nwetara ego n'aka Nansen Fund iji duzie ọmụmụ ihe na Ireland wee bipụta Vikings and the Viking Wars in Irish and Gaelic Tradition na 1931 na-ese na nyocha ahụ.[1]  Ọ malitere ịmụ Irish na Ballyferriter, County Kerry, na ntụnye nke Carl Marstrander.[2]  Na 1920, Osborn Bergin dere uri ('Do Ridire Mhac Giolla Chríost') na Christiansen na-agba ya ume ịlaghachi Ireland.[3]  Ọ ghọrọ onye na-edebe ihe ndekọ nke National Norwegian National Archives na 1921.

Christiansen lụrụ Karin Lundbad, onye ọ zutere na Lund, na 1921. Di na nwunye ahụ nwere ụmụ ise, bi na Blommenholm na mpụga Oslo.

Christiansen mere nyocha ntụnyere n'akụkọ ifo, na-atụnyere akụkọ ifo Scandinavian na omenala ndị Irish.  N'ime ya The Migratory Legends (1958) ọ tụrụ aro katalọgụ ụdị maka nhazi nke "akụkọ ifo ndị njem" (calque of German Wanderlegenden, ya bụ akụkọ ọdịnala na-ebufe site na mgbasawanye omenala), site na motif, nke e ji ihe atụ sitere na akụkọ ọdịnala Norwegian mee ihe atụ. 

Christiansen ghọrọ prọfesọ zuru oke maka ọdịnala na Mahadum Oslo na 1952. E nyere ya nzere doctorate na Mahadum Dublin n'afọ 1954.Ọ lara ezumike nká na 1956 wee nọrọ otu semester na Mahadum Indiana Bloomington na oku nke Stith Thompson, na 1957/9 laghachiri Dublin, na-arụ ọrụ na Seán Ó Súilleabháin (1903-1996). N'afọ 1958, ọ ghọrọ onye isi oche nke Commission International des Arts et Traditions Populaires nke UNESCO.Ọ gara n'ihu bipụta Studies in Irish and Scandinavian Folktales (1959), European Folklore in America (1962) na Folktales of Norway (1964).

## Akụkọ ifo banyere ịkwaga mba ọzọ (1958)
Na 1958 Migratory Legends, Christiansen tụpụtara usoro nke isi asatọ (ya na subtypes), dị ka ndị a.

* 3000-3025: "Akwụkwọ Ojii nke Ime Anwansi"
* 3030-3080: "Ọmụma na Amụma"
* 4000-4050: "Akụkọ ifo nke mkpụrụ obi mmadụ, nke ndị mmụọ na ndị na-enye onyinye"
* 4050-4090: "Mmụọ nke Osimiri, Ọdọ Mmiri na Oké Osimiri"
* 5000-5050: "Trolls na Giants"
* 5050-6070: "Ndị Fairies"
* 7000-7020: "Mmụọ Ndị Dị n'Ụlọ"
* 7050-8025: "Akụkọ ọdịbendị nke Ebe, Ihe Omume na Ndị Mmadụ"

## Hụkwa
 

* Akụkọ ọdịnala nke Norway
* *Akụkọ ọdịnala nke Norway*
* Usoro nkewa nke Aarne-Thompson
* Ihe kpatara ya
* Akụkọ ifo iko, ML ụdị 6045

## Edensibia

### Ebe e si nweta ya
Asụsụ Miler

**Miler bụ asụsụ West Chadic A3 a na-asụ na Pankshin LGA, Plateau State, Nigeria.  Ihe dị ka 1,000 mmadụ na-asụ ya n'ime obodo atọ, bụ́ ndị dị n'ime obere ogige abụọ nke obodo nta ndị na-asụ Miship gbara ya gburugburu.[1]  Roger Blench debere ya nke mbụ na 2022.**

A na-asụ Belnang na Tal n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na Shendam LGA, Plateau State.

## Edensibia
Asụsụ Bekwarra

Bekwarra, makwaara dị ka Bekworra, bụ asụsụ Bendi nke Naijiria. Ọ bụ ndị Bekwarra bi n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Naijiria na-asụ ya. Otu agbụrụ ndị agbata obi dịka Nki na Iyala na-akpọ asụsụ na otu dị ka Yakoro.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

## Ihe odide
Forte Oil PLC

Ardova Plc (nke a na-akpọbu Forte Oil PLC) bụ ụlọ ọrụ ike ụmụ amaala, nke hiwere isi na Lagos, Nigeria, na-arụ ọrụ ogologo oge na Ghana. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na mpaghara ala nke ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ na gas nke Nigeria, mana agbasawo azụmahịa ya na mpaghara ndị ọzọ nke oke uru ike. Nkewa nke ala ala na-ahụ maka nkesa nke ngwaahịa mmanụ ala dị iche iche; Mmụọ moto adịchaghị (PMS), mmanụ dizel, mmanụ ụgbọ elu, mmanụ ọkụ, yana ọtụtụ mmanụ mmanụ maka ụgbọ ala na igwe dị iche iche; ekesara nke ukwuu na ụgbọ ala, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ụgbọ elu na ahịa mmiri.

## Acquisition
Energy mogul Femi Otedola was awarded $19 million in an arbitration case regarding the share purchase agreement (SPA) relating to the acquisition of Forte Oil, now Ardova Plc.

The agreement was reached in response to a decision made by the London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA) in October, which mandated that Ignite Investments and Commodities Limited, Chairman Abdulwasiu Sowami of Ardova's special purpose acquisition company, make SPA payments less the sum granted for one of Zenon Petroleum's claims.

Later, the business would argue that Zenon Petroleum had infringed on its warranty with regard to the SPA, which prompted Ignite Investments to file a lawsuit in which it asserted claims against Zenon.

In order to acquire their 25.9% holding (970.7 million shares) and take Ardova private, Mr. Sowami offered minority shareholders N17.38 per share, or N16.9 billion, in February. https://www.premiumtimesng.com/business/business-news/598104-otedola-receives-19-million-in-arbitration-award-from-ardova-over-forte-oil-sale.html

## History
In 2015 they signed an $83 million contract with Siemens to upgrade the 414 MW plant, the work is due to be completed in 2016

## Board of directors
As of 1 September 2023, Forte Oil's directors include:

:* Abdulwasiu O. Sowami – Group Executive Chairman
:* Moshood Olajide – Chief Executive Officer
:* Olusola Adeeyo – Non-Executive Director
:* Aniola Durosinmi-Etti – Non-Executive Director
:* Aminu Umar – Non-Executive Director
:* Alhahi Umaru Sani - Non-Executive Director

## Edemsibia
Asụsụ Bena

Bena bụ asụsụ Bantu nke ndị Bena bi na mpaghara Iringa nke Tanzania na-asụ.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụ okwu

Ụda na-enweghị olu na-apụta mgbe niile dị ka nkwụsịtụ; [ph, th, kh].

* // can be realized as [] intervocalically.
* [] can occur as an allophone of // before long non high vowels.
* [] can occur as an allophone of //, // in the Maswamu dialect.
* [, ] can occur as allophones of //, in the Twangabita dialect.
* [] can occur as an allophone of //.
* [] can occur as an allophone of // in the Maswamu dialect.
* [, ] can occur as allophones of // among some speakers.
* Prenasalised stops may be devoiced when occurring word-finally (ex. // ~ [ᵐb̥]).

### Mkpụrụedemede

* 

## Edemsibia
Asụsụ Bena-Mboi

Bena–Mboi (Ɓəna–Mboi) aka Yungur bụ ngalaba ezinụlọ Adamawa. A na-asụ ha na Central Adamawa State, n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Nigeria, dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Lafia LGA.

Idiatov & van de Velde (2019) kewara asụsụ Bena-Mboi dị ka Benue-Congo.

## Nchịkọta
In the Adamawa Languages Project website, Kleinewillinghöfer (2011) classifies the Ɓəna-Mboi or Yungur group as follows.

; Ụgbala-Mboi (Yungur) 

* Ụzọ ndị mmadụ
** Ụzọ Yungur
*** Ụzọ Yungur
*** Mmetụta nke afọ
** Ụzọ ndị mmadụ
*** Ụzọ nke Yang
*** Ɓ karaa Lala nke Bodwai (Bodɛ) 
**** Robma
**** (Robma nke) Dingai
* Mboi (G karaa) 
** Mboi nke Livo; Mboi nke Gulungo
** Mboi nke Haanda; Mboi nke Banga
* Kaan (Libo) 

## Aha na ebe
N'okpuru ebe a bụ ndepụta nke aha asụsụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, na ebe sitere na Blench (2019). 

## Edemsibia
Nkịta Troll

Nkịta troll bụ ihe a mara nke onye amoosu n'Akụkọ omenala Scandinavia.  Ụmụ nwamba Troll na-amị mmiri ara ehi ma na-asụ ya n'ime ite mmiri ara ehi nke ndị amoosu, wee banye n'iche iji mpụta mmiri ara ehi.  E nso nwamba, ihe ndị yiri ya agụ owuru mmiri ara ehi, agụ owuru, na ike Troll dị ka ike.

## Nkọwa
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Ihe osise, Albertus Swedish Milk Hare. Narị afọ nke 15. Ihe osise na mgbidi. Ógbè Uppsala
 A kọrọ na ndị amoosu nwere ike ike ha site na "ntutu ụmụ, mbọ, osisi, na ihe ndị yiri ya", [1] a na-ekwukwa na ha na-amị mmiri ara ehi ma na-ezu ohi n'iche.  [2] Mgbe ahụ, nwamba Troll ga-agbọpụta mmiri ara ehi e zuru n'ime ite dị n'ikiri ụlọ ahụ.[3]  Aha ndị Norway bụ trollnøste na trollnøa na-egosi ha: nwamba troll ndị ahụ dị ka ike nke eriri.[4]  Ụdị nwamba troll ọzọ nwere ikike nke nwamba ozi;  mana, n'adịghị ka nwamba troll dị ka ike, imerụ nwamba troll nwere nwe nwamba ahụ ga-akpata otu ahụ ahụ nye onye amoosu ahụ.[4]  Na mgbakwunye, a na-eche na ịgba nwamba troll ga-eme ka mmiri ara ehi si n'ọnyá ya ọgụ.[5]  A na-agbagwoju nwamba troll anya na mmetụ onye amoosu, nke ike ike iwere nwamba.[4]  A ga-eli nwamba troll ahụ na onye amoosu ahụ, ma ọ bụ onye amoosu ga-ahapụ ili ya iji mgba ya.

Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, onye ọkachamara nke okpukpe nke Norwegian, na-akọ akụkọ nke ndị Gypsies jiri ndị ọrụ ugbo na nwamba troll mee ihe site n'izu mmiri ara ehi ma na-ebo ya ebubo na nwụba troll, mere ha ga-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe kwere omume site n'igwu "mkpu mere na mmiri na-acha ọkụ gbara egwuri nwa gburugburu".  Onye Norwegian na-ede akwụkwọ Johan Bojer chetara mere na 1914, mgbe ọ bụ lieutenant na ndị agha.  Ụmụ obodo n'apapapa maka ndị agha ma ọ ụfọdụ ha ikike ime ya.  Ọ dara ọrịa, otu n'ime ụmụ ahụ kọwakwara ọrịa ụbọchị atọ ya n'ihi na e gburugburu nwamba troll n'elu ya..

Ihe e kere eke yiri ya bụ tilberi, onye ohi mmiri ara ehi na onye na-enyere ndị amoosu aka na akụkọ ọdịnala Iceland.  Tilberi (nke a na-akpọkwa snakkur, spindle "nke sitere na ọgịrịga nwoke nwụrụ anwụ, ajị anụ zuru ezu, na mmanya oriri na ọṅụṅụ") na-arụ otu ọrụ ahụ dị ka nwamba troll.  Otu onye ọrụ ugbo bụ́ onye Iceland chụpụrụ otu onye n'ịnyịnya, n'ikpeazụkwa, ọ zoro n'okpuru uwe mwụda nwunye onye ọrụ ugbo.  Ekechiri uwe mwụda ahụ nke mere na onye ohi enweghị ike ịgbapụ, ma kpọọ nwanyị ahụ ọkụ.

## Nkọwa
Ịdị adị nke nwamba troll yiri ka ọ nwere njikọ na ịhụ ihe (dị ka ntutu) nke ehi na-agbọpụta.[1]  A na-ahụ ebu Fuligo septica na fafụ nke ụmụ anụmanụ spittle mere dị ka iko cat.[2]  A na-azụ ya dị ka mama maka na nwamba troll bụ Norwegian Forest Cat, nwamba nwere ntutu nke ogologo a ụdị na Northern Europe..

## Hụkwa

* Tilberi, onye ọzọ na-ezu mmiri ara ehi nke amoosu mepụtara
* Tremella mesenterica, ụdị ọzọ e kwenyere na ọ bụ "ndị na-ebu" ndị amoosu na-agbapụ

## Ihe odide

### Ihe edeturu

### Akwụkwọ

* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Ndị na-echebe akụ na ụba n'akụkọ ọdịnala

Onye na-echebe akụ bụ ihe a na-ahụ n'iche ọdịnala nke onye na-eche akụ.  Dị ka ọ na-akpa, onye dike ga-emeri onye ike iji akụ ahụ.  N'ụdị ụfọdụ, ndị na-elekọta akụ bụ ndị na-ahụ mmadụ, ọ bụ ebe na otu ụdị, nke a maara dị ka "ndị iro nke akụ", bụ ndị mmadụ anwụ anwụ e gburu ma lie ha na akụ ahụ iji chebe ya.  [1] [2] [2] [3] A na-egosi ụmụ anụmanụ dị ka ndị na-elekọta akụ - ndepụta nke ọmụmụ akwụkwọ na-akọ achọpụta ọrịa, ugoloọma, ugolojii, oke ọkụkọ, swans, na ike dị ka ndị ohu akụ.[4]  N'ụdị ụfọdụ, "Kpọtụ n'onwe ya" na-echebe akụ ahụ.[1][2]: 44–45 

## N'akụkọ ọdịnala

* Jinn, ihe e kere eke a ma ama n'Arab mgbe ụfọdụ nke a na-egosi dị ka onye na-echebe akụ
* Gnome, ihe e kere eke a ma ama na Europe nke a na-egosipụta mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka onye na-echebe akụ
* Leprechaun, onye na-echebe akụ dị oké ọnụ ahịa site n'Akụkọ ọdịnala ndị Ireland
* Dragọn, ihe e kere eke a na-egosikarị dị ka ihe na-echekwa akụ
* salamander_in_folklore_and_legend" id="mwLQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Salamanders in folklore and legend">Salamander, ihe e kere eke a ma ama nke a na-akọwakarị dị ka ezé n'ọdịdị (ọbụna ọ dị ka salamander nkịtị), mana ọ na-enwekarị mmasị n'ọkụ
* Spriggan, onye na-elekọta akụ na ụba nke Cornish, kwuru na ọ bụ mmụọ nke ndị dike nwere ike ibu ibu ibu.

## N'omenala a ma ama

* Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade gosipụtara onye agha ntụte nke na-eche Grail Nsọ nche.
* Ọrụ Tolkien gosipụtara Smaug na Chrysophylax, ha abụọ bụ dragọn na-echebe akụ. : 45–46 : 45–46 
* Dragons nke Earthsea na Ursula K. Le Guin's A Wizard of Earthsea hoard treasure. 

## Hụkwa

* Akwụkwọ ozi Salamander

## Ihe edeturu
Nzukọ ọdịnala Sohbet

Sohbet omenala ( ) bụ omume ọha na eze Turkey nke esemokwu obodo.   Ogbe ndị ahụ nwere naanị ndị ohu ohu a ụfọdụ (nke na-akpa 15 ma ọ bụ 16), n'agbanyeghị ihe, furrechi ma ọ bụ ọkwa.   Ndị òtù ahụ na-enwe mmetụta na-onyewa aka ɔtɔ, ndị na-enwe mmetụta obi na ha ga-ezobe ihe, na- ike ndị okenye ha ghara, ịgba chaa chaa ma ọ bụ na-a-mbibiga ókè n'ihu ọha.   Na mgbakwunye na egwu ụka, ekiri ekiri ike ịgba egwu, egwu, egwuregwu na oriri egwu. 

Ihe nkiri ọdịnala Sohbet na isi UNESCO nke Ihe nketa nke a na-ahụ ịhụ anya nke mmadụ.  Mkpebi nke Kọmitii UNESCO kwuru, sị: Nzukọ ọdịnala Sohbet bụ omume mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke na-enye ndị otu obodo ohere iji mee ka ọdịnala ha dị ndụ, na-enyefe akụkọ ihe mere eme ha ma na-ekerịta ụkpụrụ ọdịbendị ha, na-eme ka ha nwee mmetụta nke njirimara na ịga n'ihu.

## Aha na Ebe
Okwu ahụ bụ "sohbet" sitere na Arabic ma ọ nwere ike "n akpa okwu", na-ekwusi ike na ọ bụ asụsụ ụka enyi na enyi maka ịchọ na-atọ ụtọ.[1]  A na-okwu ahụ dị ka aha akwụkwọ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ Unesco, ebe a maara akwụkwọ ndị a n'okpuru aha mpaghara dị iche iche gafe Turkey: "Yâran Sohbeti" na Çankırı, "Yaren Organization" na Kütahya-Simav, "Sıra Gecesi" na Şanlıurfa, "Kürsübaş na Barana Sohıbet"  Balıkesir-Dursunbey.  Enwere ike ịhụ ndị tụrụ yiri ya na aha dị iche iche dị ka "cümbüş" na Ankara na gburugburu ya, "Delikanlı Örgütü" na Kazan District nke Ankara, "Gençler Heyeti" na Niğde-Dündarlı, "Gezek" na Kütahya City Centre na Isparta, "Kef/Keyif, na Ankarayzar na, AnkaraMupa nahabı" na Anyayzar na Anyayzarızar  Kırşehir, Yase, Yhr, "Ohreni, Yhrekekekek, "Otrekekek" na Er Er Erer", "Otreni, Yehir", "Oge, Yhreni, Man Man Man"

## Ihe odide

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* faịlụ nhọpụta ahụ nwere ndepụta sara mbara nke akwụkwọ gbasara isiokwu ahụ (n'asụsụ Turkish).
Moll Anthony

Moll Anthony, aka Mary Leeson (c. 1807–1878), bụ onye Irish bean feasa (nwanyị maara ihe) onye bi na Hill of the Grange, mana o doro anya na o sitere na Red Hills, County Kildare.  Akpọrọ ya mgbe nna ya, Anthony Dunne gasịrị.  E liri ya na County Kildare na 1878.

Moll nwere ike iji ọgwụ ogwu o mepụtara ma mmadụ ma anụmanụ.  E nyere ite ọ bụla n’ime karama ndị nche atọ, nke o nyere abụọ n’ime ya na nleta mbụ ya, e nyere karama nke atọ n’oge nleta nke abụọ.  Ụgwọ ahụ bụ ọkara okpueze otu karama.  Dị ka otu webụsaịtị si kwuo,

 

## Akụkọ ọdịnala
Lord Walter Fitzgerald dere banyere ya
 
Ọ gara n'ihu kwuo na "Ụfọdụ kwenyere na Moll Anthony nke Red Hills bụ ụdị ịlọ ụwa nke nwa agbọghọ nwụrụ anwụ. Na na mmụọ Moll hapụrụ site na fairies na-anọchi anya ụmụ agbọghọ nwụrụ anwụ na igbe ozu."  Ihe ndekọ ya bụ nke a:
 
Fitzgerald kwuru na aha Moll Anthony bụ Mary Leeson, na ọ nwụrụ na 1878 nakwa na ọgwụgwọ ya bufere nwa ya nwoke James Leeson.  Nwoke a bi n'ụlọ nwere ntụsara ahụ dị mma n'Ugwu Grange nke dị na saịtị nke Moll bụbu ụlọ apịtị nwere.  Ndị obodo na-anabata na James nwere ọgwụgwọ na ụlọ nke ka na-arapara n'akụkụ Grange Hill bụ nke ya.

## Nkume ili
Nkume ili abụọ dị n'akụkụ n'akụkụ na ili nke Milltown, County Kildare, na-agụ.
  

## Hụkwa

* Biddy n'oge
* Ndị aghụghọ na Britain

## Edensibia

* "Olee otu Moll Anthony si malite", Walter Fitzgerald, Journal of the Kildare Archaeological Society, Vol. Nke asatọ, peeji nke 79.
* *Nwaanyị maara ihe nke Kildare: Moll Anthony na omenala a ma ama n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Ireland*, Erin Kraus, Four Courts Press, Dublin, October 2011.   ISBN .&nbsp;

## Njikọ mpụga

* http://www.shee-eire.com/Magic&Mythology/Fairylore/Healers,Wise-Ones&Charmers/Moll-Anthony-of-Kildare/Page1.htm
* http://askaboutireland.ie/reading-room/history-heritage/folklore-of-ireland/folklor-folk-tales-and-c/moll-anthony-of-the-redhi/
Abụ anụ ọhịa

Edemede anụ ọhịa, n'ihe gbasara akwụkwọ ndị Europe na ọmụmụ ihe ochie, na-ezo aka n'akwụkwọ uri e dere na Latin site na narị afọ nke 8 ruo 11.

Egwu ndị a na-adọta n'ọdịnala agụmagụ ochie nke anụmanụ anthropomorphic malitere n'oge ochie na nke Aesop gosipụtara. Ha bụ ntọala ozugbo maka ifuru akwụkwọ akụkọ Reynard nke mere na narị afọ nke 12. Emegharịrị ihe ndị sitere na uri anụ ọhịa ka ọ bụrụ ọrụ ndị na-esote site na Canterbury Tales ruo na ihe nkiri nke oge a ejiri eserese kọmputa mee.

Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ ihe ezi uche dị na ya ịkọwa uri anụ ọhịa dị ka otu akwụkwọ, ha anaghị eme otu ụdị kama:Abụ Latin nke oge ochie nwere ihe ole na ole a na-ahụ anya ozugbo na ibe ha. Ha abụghị ngwaahịa nke otu oge ma ọ bụ mpaghara. Ha dịgasị iche iche n'ogologo... N'usoro, uri anụ ọhịa nwere ike ịdị umeala n'obi dị ka otu okwu nke nnụnụ na-agba mbọ ịlaghachi n'ụlọ n'enweghị nsogbu. mana ọzọ ọ nwere ike ijikọta akụkọ iri na abụọ na ọhụụ iri na abụọ ọzọ, ncheta, na mgbagwoju anya. E mepụtara uri anụ ọhịa maka ọtụtụ oge na ndị na-ege ntị. ka e nyochaa ya n'ọbá akwụkwọ... gụọ n'olu dara ụda, bụrụ abụ, ma mee ihe nkiri... Ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ ma eleghị anya edemede maka ihe ngosi ụlọ akwụkwọ. ndị ọzọ maka ịgụghachi n'ụlọ nri.

## Ihe atụ ụfọdụ

* *Site na lupo* (The Wolf) 
* *Ụdị ndị na-atọ ọchị* (Comic Visions) 
* De *Pugna avium* (Agha nke Nnụnụ) 
* De vulpecula involante gallinam (The Fox and Hen) 
* *Quod cycni faciunt* (Gịnị ka Swans Na-eme?) 
* *Ụgbọ mmiri, mkpara* (Kụọ ákwá, Nkịta) 
* *Pulicis na musce iurgia* (Esemokwu nke Akpụkpọụ na Nnụnụ) 
* De asino ad episcopum ducto (Ịnyịnya ibu a kpọtara n'ihu Bishọp) 
* Gallus et vulpes (The Cock and the Fox) 
* Nri (The Flea) 
* Italian: De Lombardo et lumac (The Lombard and Snail) 
* *Testamentum asini* (Agba Ịnyịnya ibu) 
* *Testamentum porcelli* (Agba Piglet) 
* *Altercatio nani na leporis* (Gbanwee nke Dwarf na Hare) 
* *Altercacio aranee na musce* (Mgbanwe nke ududo na nnụnụ) 

## Edemsibia

## Hụkwa
Molly Ockett

**Molly Ockett (nakwa "Mollyockett", "Mollocket" na "Molly Occut") (amụrụ c. 1740, Saco, Maine, nwụrụ August 2, 1816, Andover, Maine), bụ nwanyị Pequawket Abenaki nke bi na mpaghara ugwu New Hampshire, Maine na Central Quebec n'oge ọchịchị.  E mere ya baptizim ma nye ya aha Marie Agathe.  Nke a ghọrọ "Mali Agat" mgbe a na-ekwu ya na Abenaki, nke dị ka "Molly Ockett" na ndị na-ege ntị na-asụ Bekee.**

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Molly Ockett n'ihe dị ka afọ 1740 n'ógbè a maara ugbu a dị ka Saco, Maine.

A maara Molly Ockett dị ka onye na-agwọ ọrịa nwere nkà  nke nwere mmetụta pụrụ iche nke ọchị. A na-ekwu na ọ zọpụtara ndụ onye ga-abụ osote onye isi ala nke United States Hannibal Hamlin mgbe ọ bụ nwa ọhụrụ. Ndị Europe bi n'ógbè ahụ maara ya nke ọma ma aha ya ka na-ejikọta ya na ọtụtụ ebe dị na ndagwurugwu Osimiri Androscoggin na mpaghara ndị gbara ya gburugburu.

Molly Ockett bụ ọkachamara n'ọrụ nka ọdịnala la Abenaki.

E nyere ụbọchị ọnwụ ya dị ka August 2, 1816. E liri ya na Woodlawn Cemetery na Andover, Maine. 

## Ihe Nketa

* A na-akpọ Molly Ockett Middle School na Fryeburg, Maine, aha ya.
* Betel, Maine, mere emume oge okpomọkụ a na-eme kwa afọ nke akpọrọ 'Molly Ockett Day'.
* A na-akpọ Molly Ockett Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) na Bridgton, Maine iji sọpụrụ ya.

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ihe ngosi n'ịntanetị site na Museum of the Bethel Historical Society
Nwa ehi ọnwa

**nwa ehi** ọnwa (ma ọ bụ **nwa ehi ọnwa**) bụ nnukwu ọmụmụ, nwa ehi ma ọ bụ anụ ụlọ ọzọ na-enweghị afọ ojuju. A na-eji okwu ahụ eme ihe mgbe ụfọdụ maka nwa e bu n'afọ.

Okwu a sitere na nkwenkwe ụgha a na-ahụkarị, nke dị n'ọtụtụ ọdịnala Ndị Europe, na ihe ndị dị otú ahụ nwere nkwarụ bụ ihe sitere na mmetụta ọjọọ nke Ọnwa na mmepe nwa ọhụrụ. Ihe ndekọ mbụ e ji okwu ahụ mee ihe bụ na 1565, na-ezo aka na ime ime ụgha nke mmadụ. 

## Ojiji nke oge a
Okwu a bịakwara na-ezo aka n'ihe ọ bụla jọgburu onwe ya ma ọ bụ ihe jọgburu onwe ya.  Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Shakespeare ji okwu ahụ kọwaa Caliban, onye ọrụ Prospero nwere nkwarụ, na The Tempest.

N'akwụkwọ akụkọ H. G. Wells nke 1901 The first Men in the Moon, a na-akpọ nnukwu ihe ndị Selenite zụlitere "mooncalves".

A na-eji Ọnwa nwa ehi mee ihe dị ka okwu mkparị na-egosi na mmadụ bụ onye nzuzu, onye nzuzu, ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị nke na-egbuke egbuke ma ọ bụ nkọ.  Dịka ọmụmaatụ, W.C. Fields in The Bank Dick (1940) na-adụ ọdụ ka ọ ga-abụ ọgọ ya ka ọ zere ịbụ "nwa ehi ọnwa" site n'ịzụta mbak ndị e jikọtara ya na ikwere dị oke ọnụ ahịa karịa ọnụahịa ahụ.

Nwa ehi bụkwa ihe e kere eke na ụwa nke usoro *Harry Potter*. A kọwara ya na Fantastic Beasts na ebe a ga-ahụ ha dị ka ihe ihere, ihe e kere eke n'abalị nke nwere ahụ dị nro, nke na-acha ntụ ntụ, anya buru ibu, na ụkwụ anọ dị nro nwere nnukwu ụkwụ dị larịị.Nwa ehi ọnwa na-agba egwu na ìhè ọnwa ma o doro anya na ọ bụ ya na-ahụ maka okirikiri ihe ọkụkụ.[1]  N'ime ihe nkiri nke otu aha na usoro ya, nchịkọta ihe e kere eke Newt Scamander n'ime akpa ya gụnyere ìgwè ehi nke ọnwa

N'ihe omume nke anọ nke oge nke asaa nke The Big Bang Theory, Sheldon na-akpọ Amy "nwa ehi ọnwa nwere anya".

Wilfred Maxwell, onye na-akọ akụkọ na onye na-akwado mgbaasị nke Dion Fortune's 1938 akwụkwọ akụkọ The Sea Priests, na-ezo aka ọtụtụ oge na agwa nwere nkwarụ nke dabara n'oké osimiri wee pụọ dị ka "nwa ehi ọnwa".

Christian Morgenstern jikwa echiche a mee ihe na Galgenlieder ya.

Na Embassytown nke China Miéville, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na-ezo aka na ihe odide abụọ dị ka "nwa ehi na ihe na-agaghị ekwe omume".

Arnold Bennett jiri okwu ahụ mee ihe na akwụkwọ akụkọ ya bụ These Twain .

## Hụkwa

* Nwa ọnwa
* Homunculus
* Mgbanwe
* Mgbanwe
* Nkwarụ
* Mmetụta nne
* Nkà mmụta kpakpando

## Edensibia
Mor Sæther

**Mor Sæther** (onye amụrụ Anne Johansdatter Viker; 20 Ọktoba 1793 na Grue, Norway - 25 Eprel 1851 na Christiania (Oslo)), bụ onye Norwegian "klok kone" ("nwanyi na-agba agba"), ya bụ, onye na-ahụ maka ọgwụ. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị a maara nke ọma n'ime ọrụ ya na Norway.

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Mor Sæther ("**Nne Sæther**") na Grue (nke bụ Kongsvinger ugbu a), Hedmark. Nne na nna ya bụ onye ọrụ ugbo Johan Eriksen Viker (b. 1757) na Bastine Guttormsdatter (b. 1768); ha nwere ụmụ 7.Ọ lụrụ di ugboro abụọ: nke mbụ nye Mr. Sæther onye yiri ka ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-arụ ọrụ aka na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Anatomy na Royal Frederick University (nke bụ Mahadum Oslo), [1] na mgbe ahụ na 1825 nye onye ọrụ ugbo, Lars Bastian Nielsen (1797-1861).  N'ụlọ akwụkwọ anatomi, Dr. Jens Essendrop Knoph nyere ya nkuzi gbasara ahụ ike;  ọ gbazinyere ya akwụkwọ n'ihi ọrụ dị ala.  Di ya nke abụọ nwere otu ugbo na Pipervika nwere ehi iri abụọ.  Enwere akụkọ Mor Sæther wegara Eze, Carl Johan, bọta mgbe ọ nọ na Oslo 

Mor Sæther na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Christiania (Oslo) n'ihe dị ka 1820-1851. E kpere ya ikpe ọtụtụ ugboro maka ịgha ụgha n'okpuru *kvakksalverloven* (iwu ọgwụ ụgha nke 1794), a mara ya ikpe iri achịcha na mmiri n'ụlọ mkpọrọ na 1836, 1841 na 1844.  N'oge ikpeazụ, e nwere mkpesa a ma ama, nke onye a ma ama Severin Løvenskiold kwadoro, ọ rịọkwara *Høyesterett* (ụlọ ikpe kachasị elu), nke tọhapụrụ ya. E nyere ya ikike ka ọ rụọ ọrụ dịka dọkịta ma si otú a mee ya ka ọ bụrụ "nwaanyị na-eme ihe ọchị" nke nwere ikike.

Henrik Ibsen toro Mor Sæther. Ọ bụ onye bi n'ụlọ ya nwa oge na 1850. 

Mor Sæther bụ ihe uri, Mulig Forvexling ("Mgbagwoju anya ga-ekwe omume"), nke Henrik Wergeland, onye ọ na-elekọta nke ọma n'àkwà ọnwụ ya.  Egwu ahụ nwere di na nwunye. 

: *Min Maane er gamle Mor Sæther* (Ọnwa m bụ agadi Nne Saether) 
: *na Henes Snehvite Skaut.*  (n'ime ákwà mkpuchi snow ya.) 

## Edensibia

## Ebe e si nweta ya

* Bø, Olav. Folkemedisin og lærd, ("Folk Medicine and Scholarly Medicine"), Samlaget, 1972. * (n'asụsụ Norwegian) *
* Haugholt, K. *Mor Sæther* na St. Hallvard 1958, peeji nke 270-287. * (n'asụsụ Norwegian) *
* Holck, P. Norsk folkemedisin, ("Norwegian Folk Medicine") 1996.  (o nwekwara lithograph nke Mor Sæther site na Gottlief Friedrich Fehr, peeji nke 181) * (n'asụsụ Norwegian) * 
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Remedies and Rituals: Folk Medicine na Norway na New Land. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] *[http://www.dokpro.uio.no/wergeland/WI3/WI3139.html Samlede Skrifter: *Mulig Forvexling*]* ("Achịkọta Abụ: *Mgbagwoju anya* nwere ike"). Akụkụ nke 3, 1842-1845. * (N'asụsụ Norwegian) *

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe ndebe ihe ochie nke Fylke
* Ụlọ ahịa Norske Leksikon: Anne Sæther
* Arkivverket: Kvakksalveri (Ọgwụ Quack, Mor Sæther)