Zulu (ihe nkiri 1964)

***Zulu*** bụ Ihe nkiri agha njem 1964 nke Britain nke na-egosi Agha nke Rorke's Drift n'etiti Ndị agha Britain na ndị Zulu na 1879, n'oge Agha Anglo-Zulu, nke ndị agha Britain 150, 30 n'ime ha na-arịa ọrịa ma merụọ ahụ, n'otu ebe dịpụrụ adịpụ, gbochiri ndị agha Zulu 4,000.

Onye America na-ede ihe nkiri  bụ Cy Endfield duziri ihe nkiri ahụ ma Stanley Baker na Endfield mepụtara ya, Joseph E. Levine bụ onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri. Ihe nkiri ahụ bụ nke Endfield na onye edemede akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ John Prebble, dabere na isiokwu Prebble nke 1958 *Lilliput* "Slaughter in the Sun". Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri bụ Baker ma na-ewebata Michael Caine, na ọrụ mbụ ya, yana ndị na-akwado ya gụnyere Jack Hawkins, Ulla Jacobsson, James Booth, Nigel Green, Paul Daneman, Glynn Edwards, Ivor Emmanuel, na Patrick Magee. Onye isi Zulu na onye ndú ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa n'ọdịnihu Mangosuthu Buthelezi mere Eze Zulu Cetshwayo kaMpande, nna nna ya. Richard Burton na-ekwu okwu mmeghe na mmechi.

E gosipụtara ihe nkiri ahụ na ncheta afọ 85 nke agha ahụ n'ezie, 22 Jenụwarị 1964, na Plaza Theatre na West End nke London. *Zulu* nwetara otuto dị ukwuu, na otuto na-aga na setịpụrụ, ụda, ihe nkiri, usoro ihe omume na arụmọrụ nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri, ọkachasị Baker, Booth, Green na Caine. Ihe nkiri ahụ mere ka Caine bụrụ onye ama ama n'ụwa niile. 'afọ 2017, ntuli aka nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri, ndị nduzi, ndị edemede, ndị na-emepụta ihe, na ndị nkatọ maka magazin Time Out mere ka ọ bụrụ ihe nkiri Britain nke 93 kacha mma.

## Atụmatụ
Na Jenụwarị 1879, mgbe ndị agha Zulu meriri otu ndị agha Britain 1,300 na Isandlwana, ndị agbụrụ Zulu na-agagharị n'ọgbọ agha ma na-anakọta égbè na mgbọ n'aka ndị agha nwụrụ anwụ. N'emume agbamakwụkwọ ndị Zulu nke onye ozi ala ọzọ Otto Witt na nwa ya nwanyị Margareta hụrụ, a gwara Eze Zulu Cetshwayo banyere nnukwu mmeri ahụ; Witt na Margareta gbapụrụ mgbe ha ghọtara na ndị Zulus ga-awakpo ụlọ ọrụ ozi ala ọzọ Witt na Rorke's Drift na Natal, nke otu ụlọ ọrụ nke ndị agha Britain nke 24th Regiment of Foot na-eji dị ka ebe nkwakọba ihe na ụlọ ọgwụ maka ndị agha Britain na Zululand. 

N'inweta akụkọ banyere Isandlwana site n'aka Natal Native Contingent Commander Adendorff na ịdọ aka ná ntị na ndị agha Zulu 4,000 na-aga n'ihu n'ọnọdụ ha, Lieutenant John Chard nke Royal Engineers na-achịkwa ndị agha nwere ihe na-erughị ndị ikom 200 ka ọ dịtụ elu karịa onye isi ha, Lieutenant Gonville Bromhead. N'enweghị oge zuru ezu iji nye iwu ka a gbapụ kpamkpam, Chard kpebiri ịnọ ma lụọ ọgụ. O nwere ụgbọ ala, akpa Nri (mkpụrụ ọka), na igbe siri ike iji mepụta gburugburu nchebe, oghere égbè a kụrụ na mgbidi ụlọ ọgwụ, na ngalaba ahụike e guzobere na ụlọ ekpere Witt. Otu ndị agha ịnyịnya nke South Africa ndị lụrụ ọgụ na Isandlwana rutere, jụ arịrịọ Chard iji nyere aka mee ka ọdụ ahụ sie ike n'ihi na ọ nweghị olileanya, wee jiri ịnyịnya ha pụọ ngwa ngwa. Witt, iwe were site na Chard na-enye ndị ọrịa ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ ngwá agha ma na-enye ha iwu ka ha lụọ ọgụ kama ikwe ka a kpọpụ ha, na-eme ka ndị Zulus na-eje ozi na Natal Native Contingent gbapụ. Chard ji iwe bibie ụgbọ ala iji buru ndị ọrịa na ndị merụrụ ahụ na mmegwara ma nye iwu ka a kpọchie Witt n'ime ụlọ ihe oriri nke ụlọ ekpere ahụ.

Ndị Zulu *impis* na-abịaru nso ma na-ebu agha tupu ha alaghachi ngwa ngwa n'okpuru ọkụ ndị Britain; Adendorff na-akọwa na ha na-anwa ịchọta ebe na-adịghị ike na nchebe nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Witt malitere ịṅụbiga mmanya ókè ma kwupụta na ọ dịghị onye ọ bụla n'ime ndị agha ga-adị ndụ n'agha na-abịanụ. Chard nyere Margareta ohere ịkpọrọ nna ya; ndị Zulus, na-amata ndị Witts, nyere ha ohere ịgafe n'enweghị mmerụ ahụ. Chard na-echegbu onwe ya na mgbidi dị n'ebe ugwu anaghị echebe ya ma chọpụta na ndị Zulus, maara nke a, na-akwadebe ịwakpo ọdụ ahụ site n'akụkụ niile. Ndị agha Zulu ji égbè ndị Britain malitekwara ịgba ndị agha égbè. N'ehihie na n'abalị, a na-achụpụ ọtụtụ ndị na-awakpo ndị Zulu, mana a na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-egbu ndị na-agbachitere ha otu otu, otu bụ onye na-esi nri ụlọ ọrụ, nke a na-egbu site na ube ndị Zulu mgbe ha na-ebu égbè. Ndị Zulus nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịkụ ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ ọkụ, na Private Henry Hook kpọkọtara ndị ọrịa ka ha lụso ha ọgụ ma gbapụ. Sergeant Robert Maxfield, onye isi ndị uwe ojii nke Private Hook na onye isi mebiri emebi, nwụrụ na onye agha Zulu ka ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ na-ere ọkụ.

N'ụtụtụ echi ya, ndị Zulus na-abịarute n'ime ọtụtụ narị mita ma na-abụ abụ mkpu tupu ha amaliteghachi n'abụ agha ha; ndị Britain na-azaghachi site n'ịbụ abụ Welsh "Men of Harlech". Na mwakpo ikpeazụ, dịka o yiri ka ndị Zulus ga-emecha merie ndị na-agbachitere ike gwụrụ, ndị agha Britain dara n'otu obere ogige n'ihu ụlọ ekpere ahụ. Site na ndị ikom zoro n'ime ebe mgbaba ahụ, ha na-agbakọta n'usoro atọ ma na-agba égbè mgbe ọ bụla, na-akpata nnukwu ndị nwụrụ anwụ; ndị Zulus na-alaghachi azụ. Mgbe oge ezumike nke awa atọ gasịrị, ndị Zulus laghachiri na Oscarberg. N'ịbụ ndị kwụsịrị maka mwakpo ọzọ, ndị Britain juru anya mgbe ndị Zulus na-abụ abụ iji sọpụrụ obi ike nke ndị na-agbachitere ha tupu ha apụọ.

## Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri
 

## Ụdị ngosi
E mere *Zulu* na Technirama ma bu n'uche maka ngosi na Super Technirama 70, dịka egosiri na mbipụta. Na UK Otú ọ dị, naanị ngosipụta 70mm bụ ihe ngosi mgbasa ozi tupu a tọhapụ ya. Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ ụlọ ihe nkiri ga-eme ihe nkiri ahụ na 35mm n'ụzọ ọ bụla, ihe ngosi West End nke Plaza bụ nke 35mm anamorphic version kama, dị ka a tụrụ anya ya, mbipụta 70mm. Nke a bụ n'ihi iwu UK's film quota, nke chọrọ ka sinima gosipụta 30% British film n'oge kalenda afọ, mana iwu ahụ metụtara naanị ngosi 35mm. Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 1964, ọnụ ọgụgụ ihe nkiri ndị Britain dị na sinima dị ka Plaza nwere ike ịbụ nke a kpaara ókè ma *Zulu* nyere ha ọtụtụ izu nke iru eru British quota ma ọ bụrụ na egwuri egwu na 35mm. Na mba ndị ọzọ, ọha na eze hụrụ ihe nkiri ahụ na 70mm.

## Vidio ndị e wepụtara n'ụlọ
Na US, mbipụta LaserDisc nke Criterion Collection wepụtara na-ejigide ụda stereophonic mbụ e si na mbipụta 70mm.

A tọhapụrụ DVD nke gọọmentị (nke nwere ụda mono dịka egwu stereo mbụ adịghị) site na StudioCanal site na Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. E wepụtara ihe nkiri ahụ na Blu-ray na UK na 2008; mbipụta a enweghị mpaghara.  22 Jenụwarị 2014, ncheta afọ 50 nke ihe nkiri ahụ na ncheta afọ 135 nke agha ahụ n'ezie, Twilight Time wepụtara Blu-ray nke *Zulu* na US  na akara John Barry dị ka egwu dịpụrụ adịpụ. 

## Ahịa

* A tọhapụrụ abọm ụda nke John Barry gosipụtara otu akụkụ nke egwu egwu ihe nkiri na otu akụkụ nke "Zulu Stamp" na Ember Records na UK na United Artists Records na mpụga Commonwealth.
* Onye -ede egwu Lionel Blair haziri egwu a na-akpọ "Zulu Stamp" maka ngwá egwu Barry.
*  wepụtara akwụkwọ na-atọ ọchị site na Dell Comics iji kwekọọ na ihe nkiri ahụ nke gosipụtara ihe nkiri na ihe ndị na-adịghị na ihe nkiri a rụzuru.
*  mepụtara ndị agha na ihe eji egwuri egwu na ihe nkiri ndị e ji ihe osise chọọ mma na ihe ndị a na-ese na fim ahụ.

## Ihe ndị e mere tupu ya
Endfield mechara dee Zulu Dawn (1979) nke na-eje ozi dị ka ihe na-esote ihe nkiri mbụ.

## N'omenala a ma ama

* The Battle  Helm's Deep sequence in Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers e mere ihe nkiri n'ụzọ a kpachapụrụ anya na-echetara ndị *Zulu*.
* Blood Bath at Orc's Drift bụ mgbakwunye mkpọsa 1985 maka egwuregwu Games Workshop Warhammer Fantasy Battle (2nd mbipụta), nke mere ka obere ndị High Elves, Dwarfs, na Humans megide ndị agha Orcs na-awakpo. N'afọ 1997, Games Workshop nwetara mmụọ ọzọ site na *Zulu* maka Massacre na Big Toof River. 'ihe omume a, ndị nche eze, otu nke dabeere kpọmkwem na ndị agha England na-achị na ngwụcha narị afọ nke 19, chere ndị agha Orc ihu, na-arụ ọrụ nke ndị Zulus.
* Stanley Baker zụrụ John Chard's Victoria Cross na 1972 na-ekwere na ọ bụ ihe yiri ya.  Baker nwụsịrị, a resịrị ya onye na-anakọta ya na ọnụ ala ma chọpụta na ọ bụ ezigbo ihe nrite.
* Afrika Bambaataa kwuru na ọ họọrọ aha "Zulu" dabere na mkpali sitere na ihe nkiri 1964.  Bambaataa "hụrụ na Zulu, bụ ihe oyiyi dị ike nke ịdị n'otu Black. " Nke a ga-emecha kpalie aha maka nzukọ ya, Universal Zulu Nation, na 1970s.

## Hụkwa
 

## Edensibia
sinima gosipụta 30% British film n'oge kalenda afọ, mana iwu ahụ metụtara naanị ngosi 35mm. Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 1964, ọnụ ọgụgụ ihe nkiri ndị Britain dị na sinima dị ka Plaza nwere ike ịbụ nke a kpaara ókè ma Zulu nyere ha ọtụtụsinima gosipụta 30% British film n'oge kalenda afọ, mana iwu ahụ metụtara naanị ngosi 35mm. Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 1964, ọnụ ọgụgụ ihe nkiri ndị Britain dị na sinima dị ka Plaza nwere ike ịbụ nke a kpaara ókè ma *Zulu* nyere ha ọtụtụ**Akwụkwọ**

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## Njikọ mpụga

* 
* ZulunaEbe nchekwa data ihe nkiri TCM
* ZulunaAllMovie
* Ntụle ogologo na ihe mgbakwunye na James Booth fansite
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations