open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Uto Heliacal

The heliacal ebili / / hɪˈlaɪ.əkəl / hih - LY -ə - hih- ) [1] [2] [3] ma ọ bụ ịrị elu akwụkwọ na-eme kwa afọ, ma ọ bụ ihe yiri ya nke mbara ala, mgbe  .  ọ na-ebu ụzọ hụ ya n'elu igwu egwu egwuregwu na chi ọbọbọ tupu anwụ anwụ (si otú ahụ ihe "Ụbọ ụtụtụ ") mgbe ọ gbasasịrị gburugburu gburugburu gburugburu.  [4] N'ụzo ihe mere eme, ihe akwụsị dị otú ahụ ịrị elu bụ nke Sirius, nke bụ dị mkpa nke kalenda Ijipt na nwa mbara igwe .  Nbili elu nke Pleiades kpọsara akụkọ nke oge ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri Gris oge ochie, na-eji njem njem njem, [5] yana oge ọrụ ugbo (nke Hesiod ndị na-enwe na ụbọchị ya).  Helical ịrị elu bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ ụdị ịrị elu na ntọala, ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-achịkọta n'ime ụtụtụ na mgbede ịrị elu na ntọala nke ihe dị na mbara igwe.  A na- njedebe na mgbede na mgbe ahụ ụtụtụ na-ekewa site na ọkara otu afọ, ebe n'aka nke ọzọ na-ebili na ntọala na mgbede na ụtụtụ bụ nanị na equator e n'ikede na ọkara otu afọ.

. N'ihe mmetụta, ihe na-egosi na ọ na-agafe n'ebe ihe ọmụmụ ihe dị ka otu ogo kwa ụbọchị n'ụzọ a na-akpọ ecliptic n'ihi na e nwere ogo 360 na mgbatị ọ àlà zuru ezu (  ụgbọ), nke na-ewe ihe dị ka ụbọchị 365 n'ihe ihe mgbochi nke ụwa gburugburu.  otu.  Kpakpando ọ ble e nyere "dị anya" na eriri nke eklips ga-ahụ n' liya maka naanị ọkara nke afọ, mgbe ọ ga- ogwu na-adị n'okpuru mbara igwe.  N'ọkara nke ọzọ nke awụ, ọ ga-adị ka ọ dị n'elu mbara igwe ma adịghị ahụ ya n'ihi na ìhè na-akpa n'ehihie.  Mgbago elu nke elu igwe nke akwụkwọ ga-eme mgbe ụwa gafeworo n'otu ebe na orbit ya ebe eji na-ahụ n'ụdị ọmụmụ na chi ụbọbọ.  USB ble ka heliacal na-ebili, ebili ga-ebili ọkụ tupu oge eruo ma na-ahụ ya ogologo oge tupu ìhè na-ekpuchi ya.  N'ime ụbọchị ndị na-esote ndị ga-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu na-egosi (ihe dị ka otu ogo kwa ụbọchị) n'ihe ọmụmụ, ruo n'ikpeazụ, a naghị ahụ ya anya na  mbara igwe n'oge ndụ n'ihi na ọ dịịrị n'okpuru ọchịchị.  A na-akpọ nke a ọnọdụ ihu igwe
Ịkụ kpakpando nke China

Ịgụ akwụkwọ ndị China gbadoro ụkwụ na mbara igwe ọdịnala ndị China na kalenda ndị China .  Ịgụ akwụkwọ ndị China tolitere n'oge usoro eze Han (narị afọ nke abụọ BC ruo ọtụtụ afọ nke AD). 

                    «Ịgụ ndị China nwewere chiri anya na nkà ihe ndi China (ozizi nke ewepụ adụ: , ụwa, na mmadụ ), ma na-eji ebu nke yin na yang, wuxing (ikiri ise), Stems iri nke ise, alaka  iri na abụọ nke nkụ, na kalenda lunisolar ( kalenda ọnwa na kalenda, na-agụ oge mgbe afọ, ụbọchị, ụbọchị, na shichen (時辰 , awa abụọ).  Achọtaghị echiche ndị a ngwa ngwa ma ọ bụ mara nke ọma na ịgụ akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ omenala Western.

. Akọwa . ịgụ akwụkwọ ndị China n'oge usoro ndị eze Zhou (1046–256 BC) wee tolite n'oge usoro eze Han (narị afọ nke abụọ BC ruo na ike afu nke abụọ AD).  N'ime oge Han, a na-akpata ihe ndị a mara nke ọma nke omenala ndị China - nkà ihe mmụta yin-yang, echiche na nkà na ẹzing ihe ise ( Wuxing ), echiche nke ndụ na ụwa, na Taoist, Buddha  na usoro omume Confucian - hazie nkà ihe nke ọma nke nkà mmụta Chinese na nkà iji ọgwụ na ịgba afa, ịgụ na alchemy

Dị ka ịgụ kpakpando ndị China si kwuo, a pụrụ ikpebi ọdịnihu mmadụ  site na ọnọdụ nke mbara ala ndị bụ isi n'oge ọmụmụ mmadụ yana ọnọdụ nke anyanwụ, ọnwa, comets, oge ọmụmụ onye ahụ, na akara zodiac . Ewubere usoro nke okirikiri afọ iri na abụọ nke akara anụmanụ site na nleba anya nke orbit nke Jupita (The Year Star; simplified Chinese      ). N'ịgbaso orbit nke Jupita gburugburu anyanwụ, ndị na-enyocha mbara igwe nke China kewara gburugburu eluigwe ahụ n'ime akụkụ iri na abụọ, ma gbaa ya gburugburu ruo afọ 12 (site na 11.86). Jupiter jikọtara ya na igwe kpakpando *Sheti* (摄提;攝提- Boötes ) na mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ Sheti.
Oge Ndị Na-adịghị Ahụ anya

thumb|Ephemeris
Na mbara igwe na ntu nke elu / , ephemeris ( / ɪˈfɛ mərəs / ; pl / ephemerides / ˌ ɛ fə ˈ mərəd iːz / ; sitere from Latn ẹphe 'diary', na Grik Ephemeris ) [1] [2] [3] bụ akwụkwọ.  nwere ngosi na-enye ọnọdụ nke ihe ndị na-ahụ maka mbara igwe na-eme n'okike yana satịlaịtị ndị dị na mbara igwe, ya bụ, ọnọdụ (na ọkwa ọsọ ) ka oge na-aga.  N'ihe ihe mere eme, e nyere ndị mgbasa ozi dị ka ibu e biri ebi, nke e nyere n'oge oge na ụbọchị na oge.  Ngụkọta nke ndị ndị a bụ otu n'ime ngwa mbụ nke kọmputa arụ ọrụ .  A na-enyekarị ephemerides nke oge a n'ụdị eletrọnịkị.  Otú ọ dị, a ka na-ahụ ephemerides ndị e biri ebi, ebe ọ bụ na ha bara uru mgbe ngwaọrụ ngwaọrụ na-adịghị. 

A na-enye ọnọdụ mbara igwe gbakọọ site na ephemeris n'usoro nhazi polar sppherical nke mgbago ziri ezi na mbelata, yana ebe dị anya site na akpa ma ọ bụrụ na ọdabara.  ụfọdụ n'ime astronomical phenomena nke ihe na-egosi mbara igwe bụ eklips, doro anya retrograde, planet ọdụ, planetary ingresses, sidereal oge, okwu maka na ezi ọnụ nke nwanwanyị, nke ụnwa, na ọnọdụ nke obere obere dị otú ahụ.  ahụ.  dị ka Chiron
Ụlọ (agụ kpakpando)

Ọtụtụ omenala horoscopic nke usoro ịgụ akwụkwọ na-ekewa horoscope ka ọ bụrụ ọnụ ọgụgụ (na- 5 ụlọ iri na abụọ) ọnọdụ nke ha na-adabere n'oge na-abụ dịka ụbọchị.  Na ọdịnala akwụkwọ Hindu, a maara ndị a dị ka Bhāvas .  Ndị nke horoscope na-ahụ anya dị egwu ebe ike nke akara na mbara ala na-arụ ọrụ [1] - iche n'ihe gbasara anụ ahụ yana ese ndụ onwe onye.
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|300x300px| Na ọkụ a, a na-agụ ụlọ iri na ahụ ahụ nso na mkpuchi nwere ahụ nwere ike agba;  Horoscope a na-eji usoro ụlọ Placidus.
Na nna nna, ụlọ bụ dị mkpa nke ọkụ nke na-ahụ anya dị iche nke ndụ.  Enwere ụlọ iri na abụọ, nke ọ ble verty ya na akara zodiac nsogbu na onye na-achị ụwa.  Egwuregwu nke mbụ na-ele anya onwe ya, ebe ụlọ abụọ na-emetụta ihe mmetụta na ego nke onwe ya.  Ozi nke akwu gbasara n ajụjụ na okwu, [1] ebe ụlọ nke anọ na-azụ anya ụlọ na ihe.  Ndị ọkachamara nke ise na-ama ihe na-egosi, ebe ụlọ nke isii ozi ọrụ na-egosi.  Ezinụlọ nke asaa na-anya anya mmekọ na mgbasa ozi na-eke, ebe ụlọ nke ihe gbasara ihe na-enyere iwu.  Ozi nke àmà ya na nkwado dị elu na njem, ebe ụlọ nke iri na-anya ọrụ na-alụ ọgụ.  Ezinụlọ nke iri na otu na- pịnyere ndị na-abụbụenyi, ebe ụlọ nke iri na abụọ na-ama anya ikike ime ohere na ngwaọrụ uche.  Ịghọta ụlọ dị na ịgụ akwụkwọ ikike ime ka anyị USB dị iche iche nke ndụ mmadụ na-adị ya.

Usoro ụlọ ọlụ na-akpata ya na akara zodiac nwere ike na ntụgharị ntụgharị nke ụwa na axis ya, mana ụzọ ụzọ iche iche iche iji gbakọọ nkewa ụlọ na echiche dị iche iche n'etiti ndị na-agụ nke usoro, ụlọ akwụkwọ.  mma.  [1] Iji gbakọọ ụlọ ndị ahụ, ọ dị mkpa kpọmkwem oge, ụbọchị, na ebe.  Na ịgụ akwụkwọ nke nwa, ụfọdụ ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ ga-eji oge ọnwụ edobere maka ehihie ma ọ bụ ọmụmụ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụrụ na amaghi oge igbu.  Otú ọ dị, ihe ike ike anya anya ziri ezi nke chaatị dị otú ahụ.
Ụkpụrụ Cosmology

Na oge a na cosmology anụ ahụ, ikike nke cosmological bụ echiche nke na-ekesa oghere nke ihe dị na mbara igwe na-ekesa na isotropic mgbe a na-ele ya anya n'ogo buru ibu, ebe ọ bụ na a na-atụ.  anya ka ndị agha na-eme ihe n'otu n'otu na mbara igwe na nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ, na Ya mere, mmepụta iwepụta aha ahaghị nhata nke a na-ahụ anya na nhazi dị ukwuu n'oge evolushọn nke ubi okwu nke nke.  Big Bang tọgbọrọ na mbụA na-ekwukarị ụkpụrụ gbasara mbara igwe n'ụzọ nkịtị dị ka 'E lere ya anya n'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ buru ibu nke ọma, ihe onwunwe nke eluigwe na ala bụ otu ihe maka ndị niile na-ekiri ya.' Nke a dabara na nkwupụta nkà ihe ọmụma siri ike na akụkụ nke eluigwe na ala nke anyị nwere ike ịhụ bụ ihe atụ ziri ezi, yana na otu iwu anụ ahụ na-emetụta n'oge niile. N'ụzọ bụ isi, nke a n'echiche na-ekwu na eluigwe na ụwa maara nke ọma ma soro ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-egwu egwu. " "Ndị na-ekiri ihe" onye ọ lala na-ekiri ya n'ebe ọ lala n'ife na ala, ọ bụghị nanị onye ọ na-ekiri ihe n'ebe ọ mgbasa n'ụwa: dị ka Andrew Liddle si  kwuo ya, "ụkpụrụ mbara igwe [pụtara na] ijide na ala na-ele anya otu onye na ebe ọ gbala ị nọ."

Ntozu bụ na enwere ike ileghara mgbanwe dị n'ụdị anụ ahụ anya, ma ọ bụrụ na nke a anaghị emebi ịdị n'otu nke nkwubi okwu e nwetara site na nleba anya: Anyanwụ dị iche na Ụwa, ụyọkọ kpakpando anyị dị iche na oghere ojii, ụyọkọ kpakpando ụfọdụ na-aga n'ihu kama ịlaghachi azụ. anyị, na eluigwe na ala nwere a "foamy" udidi nke ụyọkọ kpakpando na voids, ma ọ dịghị nke ndị a dị iche iche owuwu na-egosi na-emebi isi iwu nke physics.

Ihe abụọ nwalere n'ụdị nhazi nke ụkpụrụ cosmological bụ homogeneity na isotropy .  Homogeneity ተመሳሳይ na otu ihe nleba anya dị maka ndị na-ekiri ihe n'ebe dị iche iche na mbara igwe ("maka nke ikpe na ala nke anyị nwere ike ịhụ bụ ihe atụ ziri ezi").  Isotropy nwanne na otu ihe gosiri anya dị site n'ile anya n'ahụ ọ kpọ dị na mbara igwe ("otu iwu anụ ahụ na-emetụta ya niile").  [ atụ egwu ] dị iche iche ma nwee ike njikọ chiri anya, n'ihi na n'ihu na ala nke na-egosi isotropic site na abụọ ọkụ (maka spherical geometry, atọ) ebe ga- achị otu.

Ewubere bu nke mbara igwe nke ọma na Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (1687) nke Isaac Newton .  [ atụ egvu ] N'dị ka ụfọdụ mbụ oge gboo ma ọ bụ mgbe ochie cosmologies, nke Earth zuru ike n'etiti ọnụnọ na ala, Newton conceptualized mmetụta dị ka a sphere na orbital na-ekiri gburugburu Sun n'ime ihe.  efu ọhọre nke gbatịrị uniformly na niile na immeasurably nnukwu anya.  O gosiziri, site n'abawanye ihe nta nke nta na data zuru ezu nke ike nke mbara ala na comets, na a mmetụta, ahụ ha site n'otu akụkụ nke " gravitation , ala " nke karin yana nke ụnwaanyị.  Galili gburugburu Jupita., Mgbanwe na mgbanwe mgbanwe, na ozu na-ada na mmetụta.  Ya bụ, o kwuputara nhata ihe nke ahụ niile dị n'ime mbara igwe, nwere yiri nke Sun na ụmụ dị anya ma si otú ahụ.  nleba anya nke ụwa n'onwe ya.
Abubakar Surajo Imam

**Abubakar Surajo Imam** bụ prọfesọ ndị agha Naịjirịa mbụ. Ọ bụ ọkachamara na mechatronics na robotics na ọ bụ onye isi ugbu a na ngalaba nke Mechatronics Engineering na Nigerian Defence Academy.

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
Imam bụ onye Kankia na steeti Katsina. O nwetara nzere nke mbụ na Mahadum Bayero Kano na Mechanical Engineering na 2001. O nwetara Msc na Phd na Mechatronics na Robotics na Mahadum Newcastle, United Kingdom na 2009 na 2014 n'otu n'otu.

## Ọrụ
Imam malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye otu ndị agha na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpirikpi nke 32 ma tinye ya na ngalaba injinia eletrik na nke injinia. mechara bụrụ onye ọrụ oge niile ma mee nchọpụta na nkuzi ya na ngalaba na mahadum dị iche iche dị ka Air Force Institute of Technology na Kaduna; Ahmadu Bello University na Zaria; Aliko Dangote University of Science and Technology na Kano State; na Defence Industries Corporation of Nigeria.

## Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara

* Mechatronics maka ndị mbido: 21 Ọrụ maka PIC Microcontrollers (2012).
* Nhazi na iwu nke obere usoro rotorcraft nke ọ bụla. (2014).
* Quadrotor model predictive flight control system. (2014).

## Ihe odide

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Orion (akụkọ ifo)

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Ihe osise Orion sitere na Johann Bayer 's Uranometria, 1603 (Ọbá akwụkwọ Naval Observatory US )
Na diski ifo ndị Gris, Orion ( / ˈr aɪən / ; Greek ochie: Ὠρίων ma ọ bụ Ὠαρίων ; Latin : Orion ) [1] bụ nnukwu onye ihe nta nke Zeus (ma ọ bụ ike Atemis ) debere n'  etiti mfe dị ka mgbatị Orion

Akwụkwọ akụkọ oge ochie kọrọ ọtụtụ ndị dị iche iche Orion;  e nwere abụọ bụ isi nke igbu ya na ọtụtụ nri nke ọnwụ ya.  Ihe mkparị mkpa e dekọrọ bụ mkpagbu ya na Boeotia, egwu ya na Chios ebe ọ zutere Merope ma dina ya n'ike, nna Merope mere ka ọ kpuo ịsị, mgbake nke anya ya na Lemnos, ese nta ya na Artemis na Crete,  Ọnwụ ya site n'ụta.  Artemis ma ọ bụ ihe mgbaba nke nnukwu akpị nke ikpe Scorpius, na elu ya na elu igwe.  [1] Ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ochie na-ahapụ ụfọdụ n'ime egbu ndị a ma ọtụtụ na-ekwu naanị otu.  Ihe omume ndị a dị iche iche nwere ike na mbụ nwere onwe ha, mgbaàmà na-achọrọ, na ọ bụ ekwe omume ikwu ma ihe ndị a na-akpa ọ bụ obere ma ọ bụ na-anya anya ezigbo onye

N' akwụkwọ ndị Gris, ọ nọmba na mbụ dị ka nnukwu dinta na okpukpe Homer nke Odyssey, ebe Odysseus na-ahụ ndò ya n'okpuru ụwa .  Hellenistic na ndị Rom na-anakọta ndị ifo na-akọ ọkpụkpụ ndị na- ndị ahụ ahụkebe nke ሰሙ Orion, ma ọ dịghị ihe ọ na-ede akwụkwọ edemede nke ihe omume ya dị ka ihe atụ, nke Jason na Apollonius nke Rhodes ' Argonautica ma  ọ bụ Euripides 'Medea;  ebe na Ovid's Fasti maka Mee 11 bụ uri gbasara mkpagbu Orion, mana nke ahụ bụ otu ụdị nke otu ụdị.  Iberibe ndị mmadụ ifo ndị dị ndụ ndụla ubi na-eme nri maka ọgwụ nkɔ ihie mgbe ochie na ndị mere ifo ndị Gris.

Orion nna ọtụtụ ọrụ na omenala ndị Gris oge ochie .  Akụkọ ihe omume nke Orion, onye dinta, bụ nke e nwere ike àmà (na-ekiri maka nke ahụ, ọ bụghị nke ukwuu);  ọ bụkwa ihe e ji amata ike nke otu aha ahụ;  a na- ike ya dị ka dike, n'echiche Grik, na mpaghara Boeotia;  na e nwere otu ihe etiological nke na-ekwu na Orion bụ onye na-acha nke Strait nke Sicily dị ugbu a.
Ọdịdị anyanwụ

Uka unu (M ) bụ otu ọkọlọtọ nke oke na mbara igwe, nhata ihe dịka 2× 10 30 .  n'arọ .  Ọ bụ ihe nhata na oke ego .  A na-egosi ya egosi oke ndị ọzọ, yana ọrịa, nebulae, mkpọ na oghere ojii .  Nke a ruru ihe dị ka nonillion ( ọnụ ọgụgụ dị isi ), kilogram abụọ quintillion ( ogologo ọnụ ọgụgụ ), 2000 quettagrams, ma ọ bụ 2 quettakilograms.

.  Ebu ụzọ nwe uru nke ndòda mgbe niile site na nha nke Henry Cavendish mere na 1798 nwere nguzozi torsion .  [1] Uru ọ dị iche na naanị 1% site na uru nke oge a, mana ọ bụghị nke ziri ezi.  [2] A bụ parallax kwa ụbọchị nke malite nke ọma n'oge ngafe nke Venus na 1761 na 1769, [3] na-enye uru nke 9″ (9).  arcseconds, ma e jiri ya ike uru dị ugbu a nke 8.794148 ″).  Site na uru nke parallax nke ụbọchị ọlụ, mmadụ nwere ike ike ebe dị anya na Sun site na geometry nke m

Atụmatụ mbụ amara nke mbụ bụ Isaac Newton .  [1] N'akwa ya Principia (1687), o mere na oke nke ụwa na ihe bụ ihe dịka.  .  Mgbe e ahụ, ọ bụ na uru ya gbadoro ụkwụ na uru na-akụzi ezi maka parallax, bụ nke o jiworo anya ebe dị anya na ọmụmụ.  Ọ gbaziri nha ya  na akara nke atọ nke Principia .  Uru dị ugbu a maka parallax dị obere ka, na-enye egwu oke nke
Edward Troughton

**Edward Troughton** FRS FRSE FAS (October 1753 – 12 June 1835) bụ onye Britain na emepụta ngwá ọrụ bụ onye a ma ama maka ime teliskop na ngwa ndị ọzọ gbasara mbara igwe.

## Ndụ
A mụrụ Troughton na Corney, Cumberland, nke ọdụdụ n'ime ụmụaka isii nye Francis Troughton, onye ọrụ ugbo na nwunye ya, Mary Stable. N'ịbụ onye a zụlitere ịzụ anụ ụlọ, Edward gara London na 1773. O wee soro nwanne nna ya, John Troughton (c.1716) na nwanne ya nwoke nke okenye, nakwa John Troughton, na 1779, ọ ghọrọ onye ọlụlụ ya n'oge na adịghị anya wee guzobe onwe ya dị ka onye na azụ ahịa. Onye kacha arụ ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri, nyocha na ngwa mbara igwe na Britain. Ha dabere na 136 Fleet Street na etiti London. A na akpọ ụlọ ahịa ha "Ihe ịrịba ama nke Orrery".

N'afọ 1795, o butere ihe a maara ugbu a dị ka Troughton Equatorial telescope na Armagh Observatory, teliskop aperture refractor nke anụ ọhịa 2 nke etinyere n'equatorially, na ngwa mbụ ya kemgbe mmalite ya na 1790 (Ọ dịgidere na narị afọ nke 21). O kere Groombridge Transit Circle na 1806, nke Stephen Groombridge ji chịkọta katalọgụ kpakpando ya. Ọ bụghị nanị na ọ rụrụ ngwá ọrụ, kama ọ chepụtara ma chepụta ndị ọhụrụ.

Troughton was awarded the Copley Medal of the Royal Society in 1809. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in March 1810, a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1817, and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1822.

Na 1826, mgbe John nwụsịrị na n'onwe ya na adịghị ahụ ike, ọ weere William Simms dị ka onye mmekọ na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bịara mara dị ka Troughton & Simms.

Troughton tinyere aka na ikpe megide Sir James South, onye na enweghị afọ ojuju maka ogo nke mgbago equatorial nke Troughton mere maka ya. Troughton gbara akwụkwọ maka ịkwụ ụgwọ, yana ndụmọdụ ndụmọdụ gbasara iwu nke Richard Sheepshanks nyere, o meriri.

Ọ nwụrụ na London na 12 June 1835 wee lie ya na Kensal Green Cemetery na ndịda London. Ọ lụọghị nwaanyị, ọ mụtaghịkwa ụmụ.
 

## Nkwanye ugwu
Troughton Rocks in Antarctica are named after Edward Troughton. Troughton Road near to the location of the Charlton Troughton & Simms Mathematical Instrument Works was also named after Edward Troughton.

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta nke ndị na-emepụta ngwa mbara igwe
*

## Ntụaka
Simon Combes

**Simon Combes (1940 - 12 Disemba 2004), bụ onye omenkà, amuru ya na Shaftesbury, England. N'ịbụ onye bi n'ọtụtụ ndụ ya na Kenya, a maara Combes nke ọma ma ka ihe osise ya nke anụ ọhịa Africa na nraranye ya na nchekwa.**   

  ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2005, otu ndị na-ese ihe maka nchekwa ihe nri nri iji sọpụrụ onye na-ese egwu.

## Edemsibe


## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị
Mgbọ bear

thumb|240x240px|Ịchụ nta anụ ọhịa bea
Mgbọ anụ anụ bea bụ ụdị ube oge ochie nke a na-eji ntakiri maka anụ anụ bea na nnukwu anụmanụ ọzọ. A na-eme ka isi ube bear dị nkɔ bukwuo ibu ma na-enwekarị akwụkwọ osisi.   ọkpuru isi ahụ, e nwere obere crosspiece nke aka idozi ube n'ahụ anụmanụ ma mee ka ọ ngwaọrụ n'ebe dị an ya site na onye na-ahụ nta.

Mgbọ anụ ọhịa bea ahụ yiri ube anụ ọhịa bea, ma na ọ nwere ogwe aka dị ogologo ma sie ike na isi buru ibu.  na-etinyekarị ya n'ala n'azụ ya, nke mere ka ọ dịrị ya mfe ijide ịdị arọ nke anụ ọhịa na-awakpo.

A na-eji ube bea mee ihe megide anụ ọhịa kasị ukwuu, ọ bụghị naanị anụ ọhịa bea, kamakwa ndị maara ihe na ịnyịnya agha, ya mere ọ bụghị nanị na ịchụ nta, kamakwa n'agha. A pụkwara iji ya megide ụmụ anụmanụ ndị dị nta dị ka boars, ma n'ọnọdụ ahụ ọ na-adịghị mma karịa ube boar pụrụ iche.

&#x5B;**&#x5D;

Na mba Slavic a mara ya dị ka rogatina ma jiri ya mee ihe ngosi ọ na-achọ ala ịhụ nke iri na abụọ.    isi Ruthenian (Kievan Rus') bu ụzọ kwuo maka ojiji ya dị ka ngwá agha na 1149, na dị ka ngwá ọrụ omee nta na 1255, ọ bụ ebe na Prince Daniel nke Galicia jiri ya mee ihe na mmetụta. Na Germany, a mara ube bear ma ọ bụ Bärenspieß site na ọ na-achọ ala n'oge etiti oge mana ọ dị obere ma e jiri ya ike Eastern Europe n'ihi ọnụ ọgụgụ dị obere nke bear.

## Edemsibe

## Njikọ mpụga

* ''Bärenspieß'' na Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York)
Ịchụ nta anwansi

Anwansi ịchụ nta bụ anwansi ejikọtara na ịchụ nta n'omenala ndị dinta dinta, ma nke dị ugbu a na nke oge ochie.

## N'ihe osise nkume
Echiche anwansi ịchụ nta, na nkà mmụta ihe ochie nke nka nkume, bụ otu n'ime ụzọ ọrụ iji kọwaa ihe mere e ji mepụta nka nkume na ọdịbendị oge ochie. O sitere na ethnographies nke ndị na-achụ nta na ndị na-achịkọta ihe nke oge a, ndị jiri nka nkume ha mee ihe na-enwe olileanya na ọ ga-emeziwanye ike ha na ịchụ nta. Echiche  akwadowo ome na ala site na ihe oyiyi ime ihe ike a hụrụ na ụfọdụ ihe osise nkume n'akụkụ anụmanụ.

## N'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke okpukpe
Walter Burkert na Homo Necans (1972). Henri Breuil ihie ihe osise ọgba aghara paleolithic dị ka vidiyo nta, nke unit ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụ anụmanụ.  ka okwu nke omume nke Paleolithic, ọtụtụ ndị na-eme ekiri taa echiche nke nne nta akụkọ.

## Hụkwa

* Echiche ịchụ nta
* Ndị Haiom
* Ihe odide ndị dị na Jeffers
* Ihe ndị a tụrụ na nkume na Central Norway
* Onye dibịa afa (ihe osise n'ọgba) 
* Nnukwu Nkà Mmiri Mural, Baja California

## Ihe edira

## Edemsibe
Robert Hugh Buxton

thumb|On the Clywedog (site na "A book of the Severn", 1920)

**Robert Hughton (1 Jula 1871 - C.1965) Ọ bụ na England na-a - ase na mma na-a na na na na na na na na na na na na yeye na na na na na na na.**

## Ndụ
A mụrụ Buxan na Harrewin 1871, middlex ma mụọ ụlọ akwụkwọ Art na Meyy, Hertforyia School, na Slaylọ akwụkwọ nke ọma, London. O biri na London, na-egosi isi obodo na Royay, ụlọ akwụkwọ Royal nke ndị na-ese ihe na agba ndị na-ese ihe, ụlọ ọrụ nke eze. Ọ na-egosikwa na mpaghara na paris Salon na France.

Buxton na-ese ihe osise, nkịta na ebe ịchụ nta. Ihe osise ya bụ *Martin na 'Mulberry' na 'Bill*' dị na Bushey Museum and Art Gallery.  yikarịrị ka ọ nwụrụ n'ihe dị ka Mee n'afọ 1965, a maghị kpọmkwem ụbọchị ọ nwụrụ.

## Edemsibe

## Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara
Akwụkwọ ndị e sere ese:

* Fisher, Arthur O. **' (Chatto & Windus, 1908).
* Dawson, A. J. Finn the Wolfhound (London: Grant Richards, 1908) 
* Bradley, A. G. **' (New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1920).

## Njikọ mpụga na ntụaka

* R H Buxton (thistlefineart.com) 
* Ebe ịchụ nta Fox (prices4antiques.com) 
* Ọrụ Robert Hugh Buxton na Ọrụ Gutenberg
Akpụkpọ anụ òké

Ratskin   ihe nkiri na-eme ihe nkiri nke Columbia Pictures na 1929 nke Krazy Kat mkpa. Ọ bụ ihe nkiri mbụ Columbia Pictures, na ihe nkiri Krazy Kat mbụ e so na ụkwụ.

## Atụmatụ
Krazy Kat na-achọ otu toki. Ọ na-agba egbe ya ihe ọ chere na ọ bụ toki, mana ọ ga-abụ nwa amaala America kama. Ndị India na-achụ Krazy wee jide ya. Osisi anamorphic jikọtara Krazy, ndị India na-amụnye ọkụ n'okpuru ya. Krazy jisiri ike gbapụ n'aka ndị India, mana ndị India na-amalite ịgba ya akụ. Krazy chọtara égbè ya ma jiri ya dị ka onye na-edekọ ihe, ndị India na-amalite ịgba egwú. Otu nwanyị India chọrọ isutu Krazy ọnụ, mana o were egbe ya tụọ ya. Ndị India niile na-ewe iwe ma gbalịa inweta Krazy, mana Krazy si n'ìgwè mmadụ gbapụ, gbapụsịa égbè ya, ma jiri ndị India (ugbu a gbakọtara na gburugburu, n'amaghị na Krazy agbapụla) dị ka onye na-edekọ ihe.

## Egwú
A na-akpọ egwu dị na usoro aha Me-Ow, ihe mejupụtara 1918 nke Mel B. Kaufman dere. A ga-eji ya mee ihe na fim ndị na-esote mkpirisi usoro ahụ ruo Slow Beau.

## Ịdị adị
Ratskin ka ewepụtabeghị n'ụdị vidiyo ụlọ ọ bụla. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-ekesa site na ndekọ bootleg nke nyocha ASIFA, bụ nanị oge e gosiri katoon ahụ n'ihu ọha kemgbe ewepụtara ya mbụ.

## Hụkwa

* Ihe nkiri Krazy Kat

## Edemsibe

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ratskin na Big Cartoon Data baseEbe nchekwa data nke nnukwu ihe nkiri
*
Carl Burger

**Carl V. Burger (June 18, 1888 - December 30, 1967) bụ Onye America "onye na-ese ihe na onye na-ede akwụkwọ ụmụ anụmanụ na-eme ihe mere eme." ndị edemede nke The Incredible Journey nke Sheila Burnford na akwụkwọ ndekọ Newbery Medal Old Yeller nke Fred Gipson na Little Rascal nke Sterling North.**   

## Oge ọ malitere
A mụrụ Burger na Maryville, Tennessee, nye onye ọrụ ụlọ akụ, Joseph Burger na Elizabeth (Knox) Burger. Ọ gara Maryville College na Stanford University tupu ọ gafee na Cornell University, ebe o weere Bachelor of Architecture na 1912. Na Cornell, Burger bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka Cornell Era na Cornellian. Onye ndụmọdụ ya bụ onye ama ama Louis Agassiz Fuertes. Burger mechara mụọ na School of Museum of Fine Arts na Boston afọ atọ.

## Ọrụ nka
Tupu Agha Mbụ Mbụ, ọ bụ ọrụ maka The Boston Post, na-ese ihe nkiri egwuregwu na-ama ụkwụ, yana ihe osise maka akara Sunday. Ọ akụkọ Margaret Rothery na Septemba 18, 1920. The Burgers nwere otu nwa, Knox Burger.   Carl rụchara ọrụ mba ya na United States Armed Forces n'etiti 1917 na 1920, na-arụrụgo n'ọkwa onye isi, United States Army. N'oge a, ọ haziri ma duzie American Expeditionary Forces School of Painting na Beaune, France. Ihe osise ndị dị na The History of the Inter-Allied Games, nke ndị agha United States feed na Paris, e sere ha n'okpuru nduzi Burger.

Carl Burger malitere ọrụ nka ya dị ka onye isi nka maka NW. Ayer na Sons, ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi dabere na New York nwere ụlọ ọrụ na Philadelphia. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ maka Edwin Bird Wilson, Inc., ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi ego nwere ụlọ ọrụ na New York City na Chicago na Barton, Durstine & Osborn. N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ọ bụ onye nduzi nka maka American Red Cross na Washington, D.C. Burger dere ma gosipụta akwụkwọ nke ya yana ịkọwa ọtụtụ akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ. Ndị a gụnyere All About Fish, nke Random House bipụtara na 1965. Burger nyekwara All About Dogs and All About Elephants. Ọ na-esekwa ihe osise buru ibu maka Zoo Bronx na New York Aquarium.

## Onye otu
Burger     bụ onye otu American Museum of Natural History, New York Zoological Society, Cornell Club nke New York, Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity, na site na nzukọ ahụ, Irving Literary Society. O biri na Pleasantville, New York, mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1967.

## Hụkwa

## Edemsibe
Ịkụ Whale na South Africa

thumb|Ndị ikom na-arụ ọrụ n'ebe a na-egbu whale, South Africa.
Omume igbu whale na South Africa ime ume na nke ụtụtụ awụ nke 19 wee mee na 1975   ọ na-erule n'etiti afọ 1960, South Africa emebiela ọnụ ọgụgụ ha nke fin whales, na nke sperm na sei whales, ma na-achọ nta obere minke whale na- ike uru.     nọgidere na-ejide whale Minke ma kpọga ya n'ebe a na-egbu whale na Durban site na afọ 1968 ruo n'afọ 1975. Saụt Afrịka machibidoro igbu whale kpam kpam   n'afọ 1979. [1]

Edemsibe 


## Njikọ mpụga
Ịkụ Whale n'Argentina

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ụgbọ mmiri na-egbu whale nke Argentina bụ ''Juan Peron'' na 1951  

Whaling na Argentina, bụ nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na mpaghara ndịda Pacific na South Atlantic, ya na gbụrụ-gbúrụ agwaetiti Falkland.   Ihe mbụ whalers bụ ụgbọ mmiri Norwegian na Scotland, na ebe mbụ na-agbapụta whale ndịda aka nri.

## Edemsibe
Olulu mmanụ aṅụ

thumb|honeycomb
A na-akpọ ya aha ụlọ maka mgbanwe maka nkeji ya, Oghere isi mmalite (ma ọ bụ oghere) bụ okwu maka ebe na-achọ ihe ma ọ bụ ihe bara uru. Ọ bụ ebe na-enwe ike ike nke okwu ahụ bụ oghere ምክንያቶች ma chee na ọ na-emepụta n'ezie n'ebe ụfọdụ dị iche iche, ọ na-posi na ọ dịghị oghere ọ gbakwunye. ihe ụzọ ama ma ọ bụ okporo ụzọ dị nso n'olulu okirikiri, ike nwewe ike "Honey Hole" n'aha ya    ma ọ bụ dị ka aha njirimara maka ebe apịtị. 

## Ojiji

### Ịkụ azụ
Na ịkụ azụ, oghere mmanụ aṅụ nwere ike ịbụ otu ebe n'ime mmiri (ma ọ bụ jiri ya mee ihe dị ka okwu n'ozuzu ma ka mmiri dum)  ebe ọnọdụ dị mma ma ka ijide azụ. Ebe  otú ahụ nwere ike ịbụ ọnụ ụzọ na-ebute ụzọ nke hump, ndagwurugwu, ma ọ bụ nkwonkwo na ọwa ahụ.

### Ịchụ nta
'  Ichụ nta mgbada, oghere mmanụ aṅụ bụ ebe a ga-echebe buck pụọ n'aka onye na-achụ nta na ebe onye na-achọ buck na-adịghị echebara echiche ịchọ buck;  ebe dị otú ahụ nwere ike ịbụ "osisi ahịhịa gbara Gbụrụ-gbúrụ ma ọ bụ osisi dị n'akụkụ osisi okpete dị nso n'osimiri ma ọ bụ iyi".

## Omenala a ma ama

*  Pickers, usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn nke eziokwu ebe kpakpando na-ezo aka na ụfọdụ "picks" dị ka oghere mmanụ aṅụ n'ihi ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe dị ịtụnanya ha nwere.

Edemsibe
Emu (akwụkwọ akụkọ)

Emu, nke a na-akpọ Austral Ornithology, bụ akwụkwọ ndekọ nke BirdLife Australia (nke bụ Royal Australasia Ornithologists Union). Ozi akwụkwọ ahụ na afọ 1901 ma ọ bụrụ akwụkwọ ozi ornithological ozizi e ochie na Australi.   Onye isi nchịkọta ugbu a bụ Kate Buchanan (Deakin University). Akwụkwọ akwụkwọ nke ahụ kwa nke iri na ise ma ka Royal Australasia Ornithologists Union na ihe na alaka site na CSIRO Publishing ruo 2016  .  ka  Journal Citation Reports si kwuo, akwụkwọ ahụ nwere ike 2012 nke 1.895, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nke anɔ n'ime akwụkwọ 22 na ngalaba "Ornithology".     

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ornithology

## Edemsibe


## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* 

## Njikọ mpụga
Mgbasa ozi metụtara elu - akụkụ ọrụ nke Australian Ornithologists' Union na Wikimedia Commons
Layla Zakaria Abdel Rahman

**[[w:Layla Zakaria Abdel Rahman|Layla Zakaria Abdel Rahman]]** (nwụrụ n'afọ 2015) bụ onye sayensị Sudan na ngalaba nke biotechnology. 

O nwetara akara ugo mmụta ya na Mahadum Khartoum na UMIST, na-agbanwegharị ịkụ okpete. Usoro ya kepụtara mmetụta zuru ụwa ọnụ n'ịkwalite arụmọrụ na oke ego na mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe.

Ọ nwụrụ na 2015, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri ise na itoolu. 

## Edensibia
Romeo (anụ ọhịa wolf)

**Romeo** (c. 2003 - 2009), bụ anụ ọhịa wolf ojii nke bi na Mendenhall Valley, nso Juneau, Alaska.  maara ya ma ka mmekọrịta enyi na enyi ya na nkịta na ndị mmadụ.

## Nchịkọta
Romeo bụ Anụ ọhịa wolf nke Alexander Archipelago (*Canis lupus ligoni*, ụdị anụ ọhịa wolw na-acha ntụ ntụ) nke biri gburugburu Mendenhall Glacier n'etiti afọ 2003 na 2009.  na ndị obodo ahụ, ndị njem nleta, ndị na-agba ọsọ na-agafe mba, na nkịta ha na-emekọrịta ihe ruo afọ isii ruo mgbe ndị na-achụ nta na-egbu ya.

## Akwụkwọ ndị e dere banyere Romeo

* Romeo, The Story of an Alaskan Wolf, John Hyde, Bunker Hill Publishing, 2010,   
* *The Glacier Wolf - Ezi Akụkọ nke Ndụ na Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Alaska*, Nick Jans, Arctic Images, 2009,   
** Nick Jans, A Wolf Called Romeo, Mariner Books (March 17, 2015), akwụkwọ mpịakọta azụmahịa, 288 peeji,   
* Deb Vanasse (Onye edemede), Nancy Slagle (Onye na-ese onyinyo), Black Wolf of the Glacier: Alaska's Romeo,   

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta nke anụ ọhịa wolf
* Ogbugbu ndị ọzọ nke anụ ọhịa a ma ama site n'aka ndị na-achụ nta:
** Pedal (Bear) 
** Cecil ọdụm
** Vince (rhinoceros) 

## Edemsibe
Anụ ọhịa nke Kiribati

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb
**Anụ ọhịa nke Kiribati** bụ osisi na anụmanụ nke agwaetiti ya.

## Nnụnụ
E dekọrọ ụdị nnụnụ iri itoolu na Kiribati, nke abụọ n'ime ha bụ ndị a na-ahụkarị na atọ ụmụ mmadụ webatara. Henderson petrel  Kiritimati reed-warbler (nke a na-akpọ *bokikokiko*) edepụtara dịka ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ na IUCN Red List.

## Anụ ndị na-akpụ akpụ
A chọpụtala ụdị mbe mmiri abụọ na mmiri Kiribati

* Igurube na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ (nke a na-akpọ te on) 
* Nnụnụ Hawksbill (nke a na-akpọ te *tabakea gị* ọ bụ *te borauea*) 

A kọkwara na ụdị mbe mmiri ndị a na-eme na mmiri Kiribati, mana naanị site na nkọwa ndị a: 

* Igurube mmiri Loggerhead (nke a na-akpọ te *na n ae*),
* Olive ridley (nke a na-akpọ te on mron) 
* Akpụkpọ anụ (nke a na-akpọ te kabi n waa) 

## Azụ
E nwere ụdịrị agbụrụ azụ dị ihe dị ka narị ise a na-ahụ na gburugburu agwaetiti Phoenix. Agwaetiti Kiribati dị n'etiti oke osimiri Pasifik na-eme ka ọ jujuru na ụdị anụmanụ na-adịghị ahụkebe sitere na agwaetiti ndị a. Agwaetiti ndị ahụ na-anabata azụ̀ ọkụ ọkụ ( Xanthichthys greenei ) nke bi n'ime omimi nke oke osimiri. Swiiti picnic gobies (Trimma squamicana) dị ụkọ n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke ụwa, mana ọ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị n'agwaetiti ndị ahụ. Ha dị ọkụ na agba, a na-ahụkwa ha na omimi nke 30 ruo 150 ụkwụ. Sandperch y-barred (Parapercis lata), bụ azụ na-emighị emi nke nwere ahụ ọcha na mkpị uhie.

## Anụmanụ ndị nwere azụ
nwere ihe dị ka ụdị coral 200 a hụrụ gbụrụ-gbúrụ Phoenix Islands.

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta nnụnụ nke Kiribati
* Ndepụta nke ụmụ anụmanụ na-enye nwa ara nke Kiribati

## Ebemsidee
Onye na-atụba ube mammoth

thumb|Mammoth Spear Thrower
 

**onye na-atụba ube mammoth,** bụ onye na-atụ ube n'ụdị mammoth, nke a chọtara na "Montastruc rock shelter" na Bruniquel, France. Ọ sitere na ngwụcha oge Magdalenian na ihe dị ka afọ 12,500.  bụzi akụkụ nke Christy Collection na British Museum (Palart 551), a na-egosipụtakwa ya na Room 2. '  etiti 7 Febụwarị - 26 Mee n'afọ 2013 e gosipụtara ya na ngosi na British Museum Ice Age Art: Arrival of the Modern Mind . [1]

## Ihe ndị e ji mara ya
A na-eji mpi reindeer kpụọ onye na-atụ ube ma nnukwu anụ nwere oghere maka anya nke nwere ike ike ọkpụkpụ ma ọ bụ nkume na mbụ. A rụzi nko ahụ mgbe mpi nke e ji kpụọ ya mebiri. Ezé nke mammoth na-elegharị anya nke ọ ala mana ọtụtụ n'ime ha furu efu n'ihi njikere.   dị ihe dị ka sentimita iri na abụọ n'ogologo.&nbsp;

A na-emepụta mammoth na obere enyemaka n'akụkụ abụọ nke ihe ahụ. Mgbe achọpụtara ya, a rụziela nko ọdụ ọdụ gbajiri agbaji. Emere nke a site n'ịgbapụta oghere site n'ụdị mammoth, dị n'ihu nko gbajiri agbaji - na ịtinye na antler ọzọ. &#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

A na-eji ndị na-atụ ube eme ihe na mbụ n'ebe ọmụmụ Europe n'ihe dị ka afọ 20,000 gara aga ma mee ka ndị na-ahụ nta nwee ike ike ube n'ike na-eso ụzọ ma ọ bụrụ na ha ji aka tụba   na-achọkarị ha mma na anụmanụ a tụrụ atụ.

Ụdị ndị ọzọ na-atụ ube na-agụnye bat ndị ahụ gbawara agbawa, bụ́ ndị a na-achọkarịkwa mma. Enwere ike ịhụ ihe atụ sitere na La Madeleine na ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Britain dị na Room 2 .   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

## Hụkwa

* Ihe osise tupu akụkọ ihe mere eme
* Swimming Reindeer (Palart 550) site n'otu saịtị ahụ
* Ndepụta nke ihe osise Stone Age
* Ihe osise nke Upper Paleolithic

## Edemsibe

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] *Ndepụta nke nka Paleolithic na British Museum.* London: British Museum Publications, 1987.  ISBN 0-71411376-X

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ihe osise nke onye na-atụba ube na-eji eme ihe.
Iwu Azụmaahịa n'Ụdị Dị n'Ime Iche 1989

Iwu ahia n'ụdị ụdị dị ize ndụ bụ iwu nke nzuko omeiwu nke emere na New Zealand na 1989. Ọ bụ Ngalaba Nchekwa na-elekọta ya.

## Hụkwa

* Mbupụ nke anụ ọhịa na New Zealand
* Nchekwa na New Zealand
* CITES

## Edemsibe


## Njikọ mpụga

* Ihe odide nke Iwu ahụ
Oaklands Hunt Club

**Oaklands Hunt Club,** bụ klọb Ịchụ nta nkịta ọhịa nke Australia nke dị na Greenvale, Victoria.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
E hiwere ụlọ ọgbakọ ahụ na 28 Julaị 1888, mgbe ọ chụchara ya ụbọchị ahụ site na Inverness Hotel na Bulla.

Ndị otu klọb bụ ndị chọrọ ịgba ụmụ ha na ụmụ ndị nwe ala ume ka ha na-agba ịnyịnya n'afọ 1956 hiwere klọb pony klọb ahụ.

Ma ka pentathlon nke oge a na Olympic Summer 1956, ụlọ ọgbakọ ahụ kwadoro ihe ndị na-agba ọsọ na-agba ọsọ na mba.

## Hụkwa

* Ịchụ nta nkịta ọhịa

## Edemsibe
Igbu Mmanụ Eke

[thumb|[Igbu Mmanụ Eke]]
 

Igbu mgbada ma ọ bụ ichu nta mgbada – The Kill (French: L'Hallali du cerf), bụ nnukwu eserese (355 site na 505 cm) na-an ọchite an ya ebe ịchụ nta, mechara na 1867 site n'aka onye na-ese ihe French Realist Gustave Courbet. A na-egosipụta foto a ugbu a na Musée des Beaux-Arts et d'Archéologie nke Besançon.  &nbsp;

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Emere eserese a n'oge oyi nke 1866-1867. Ọ bụ n'ụdị buru ibu nke Courbet nakweere ọhụrụ, dịkwa na A na-eli ozu na Ornans na The Artist's Studio. E gosipụtara ọrụ ahụ na ụlọ ngosi nka na ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ French nke 1869. Foto a kpatara ụfọdụ asịrị, a na-edobe ụdịrị isi maka eserese akụkọ ihe mere eme mara mma karịa ichu nta.

## Ihe oyiyi
Ihe nkiri ahụ na-egosi mgbada nke ìgwè nkịta na-achụ nta wakporo, dara n'ala snow. Ihe odide abụọ dị n'aka nri. Onye -egwu egwu bụ Cusenier Jules, onye bi na Ornans ebe nwoke nọ n'elu ụgbọ bụ Felix Gaudy, nke Vuillafans. L'Hallali nọ n'omenala nke elele nke nha nta, site na apụ iri na asaa. Courbet na-eji ihe ngosi siri ike nke dị nso na ụdị Flemish. Ihe nkiri ahụ nta bụ ihe a na-ahụ na ihe osise nke Courbet; a na-anya anya ụrọ nkenke nta

## Mmetụta
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|234x234px|Mgbukpọ ahụ na Chios nke Eugène Delacroix na Louvre.
Enwere mmetụta ọzọ na ihe osise a, nke The Massacre at Chios (1824) nke Eugène Delacroix * (ihe osise) *.  na-egosipụta mmetụta ya karịsịa site na onye na-agba ịnyị nya.

## Edemsibe
Anya nke Thailand

The Eyes of Thailand bụ ihe nkiri ihe nkiri nke afọ 2012 nke Windy Borman duziri ma tinye ma Tim VandeSteeg ibu. Ihe nkiri ahụ na mbụ ọrụ Soraida Salwala, onye meghere ụlọ ọgwụ enyí n'ụwa (Friends of Asian Elephants Hospital) na Lampang, Thailand na ya na ndị otu ya, nke ihe eji arụ ọrụ enyí mbụ na ụwa.  

## Atụmatụ
*Anya nke Thailand na-akụrụ ezigbo ndị egwu awụ iri Soraida Salwala na-achọ iji nyere enyí abụọ lanarị ogbunigwe aka, Motala na Baby Mosha, ịga ije ọzọ mgbe ha tụfuru ụkwụ ha n'ihe ike ogbunigwe. Tinyere Soraida*        eme iji lekọta enyí ndị isi ahụ ma ike nyere ha aka ịga ije ọzọ, ihe nkiri ahụ na-agụkwa ihe ize ndụ nke ogbunigwe.

## Mmepụta
Onye nduzi / onye na-emepụta Windy Borman malitere ime ihe nkiri a na afọ 2007. Ihe nkiri ahụ agafeela ọtụtụ mmezigharị n'ihi mgbanwe na-aga n'ihu na akụkọ Motala na Mosha.  Ashley Judd nyere olu ya dị ka onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe nkiri ahụ, na-ekwu ma ka ihe nkiri ahụ - "Enwere m olileanya na ọ ga-eme ka a mara iji chebe enyí ndị Eshia - na ihe niile dị ndụ - site na egwu nke ogbunigwe. "

### Ndị a nabatara

## Edemsibe


## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ wee bụ gọọmentị
*
Anna Maria Truter

thumb|''Sutherlandia frutescens'', ụdị 2 nke Wurmbea, Hermannia pinnata na obere Senecio, c. 1800, pensụl na mmiri na-acha
**Anna Maria Truter, Lady Barrow (17 August 1777 - 15 December 1857) bụ onye na-ese ihe omume na Cape Colony. Ka ọ na-erule oge ọ rọ Cape na 1803, ọ chị achị akwụkwọ a mara nke ọkụ, osisi na mbụ ala Cape. Di ya, Sir John Barrow, 1st Baronet, ekiri Ode akwụkwọ nke ihe nke Admiralty na 1804, ma dee An Account of Travels into the Interior of Southern Africa, in the Years 1797 and 1798 (London, 1801).**   

Ọ bụ ada Petrus Johannes Truter (17 Disemba 1747, Cape Town – 31 Jenụwarị 1825, Swellendam), onye ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ East India, onye otu Court of Justice, na Kọmishọna ndị uwe ojii, onye lụrụ na 18. Eprel 1773 ka Johanna Ernestina Blankenberg (amụrụ 19 Eprel 1750).

Anna Maria Truter na John Barrow nwere ụmụ asaa:

# George, onye nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị ọnwa abụọ
# George Barrow (Sir)  (22 Ọktoba 1806, London - 1876), ya na nna ya bụ otu n'ime ndị guzobere Royal Geographical Society, onye edemede na onye njem a ma ama.  lụrụ Rosamond Hester Elizabeth Pennell Croker (5 Jenụwarị 1810 - 10 Jenụwarụ 1906), [1] onye mara mma a ma ama, nke Sir Thomas Lawrence sere na nke George nke Anọ na ụlọ ikpe ya kacha hụ n'anya. Ọ mụrụ George Barrow ụmụ asatọ.
# John Barrow, Lt. Col. V.D., F.R.S., F.S.A. (28 Mee 1808 - 26 Febụwarị 1898), Chipping, Norton, Oxfordshire. Onye -edebe ihe ochie na Admiralty. [1]
# William Barrow, Commander (25 Febụwarị 1810 - 26 Febụwarụ 1838) 
# Peter Barrow (amụrụ na 30 Julaị 1813), Consul nke Nantes na mgbe e mesịrị Kertch.
# Johanna Maria, lụrụ na 1821 na Robert Batty nke Grenadier Guards, mgbe e mesịrị Lt. Col. O jere ozi na Pyrenees ma mesịa na Waterloo ebe e merụrụ ya ahụ. Onye na-ese ihe, nke gosipụtara na Royal Academy n'etiti 1813 na 1848, nwụrụ na 20 Eprel 1848, Ampthill Square, London, afọ 57.
#  Jane (nwụrụ na Jenụwarị 2, 1878), alụghị di. [1] [2]

## Edemsibe
Ọbara mgbada

A na-eji ọbara mgbada dị ka ihe mgbakwunye nri n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke ụwa, karịsịa na East Asia .   &#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

A na-akpọnwụ ya mgbe mgbe iji chekwaa ike ya dị ka ihe a na-eri eri, ma ọ bụ naanị mgbe a gbasasịrị ya iji kpochapụ ihe iyi egwu ahụike ndụ (dịka nje nje na nje nje ndị nwere ike ibi n'ọbara mgbe mgbada dị ndụ). <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

Ọbara mgbada akpọnwụwo oyi bụ ntụ ntụ na-acha uhie uhie gbara ọchịchịrị nke nwere nnukwu ígwè, yana protein dị ukwuu. &#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

== Ebe e si nweta ya ==
Na Eastern Hemisphere, a na-ere ọbara mgbada dị ka ngwaahịa azụmahịa.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

In the Western Hemisphere, it is reported that some hunters drink the blood of the first deer they ever kill (such an instance was popularized in the 1984 American film *Red Dawn*.)

## Hụkwa

* Mkpụrụ obi mgbada
* Anụ ọhịa mgbada

## Edemsibe
Botswana Predator Conservation Trust

**[[Botswana|Botswana Predator Conservation Trust (BPCT), nke a na-akpọbu Botswana Wild Dog Research Project na afọ 1989, gbasaa site n'ịkpọsa nchekwa nkịta ọhịa iji kpuchie ụdị anụ ọhịa niile dị na Botswana.]]**

## Nkọwa
Botswana Predator Conservation Trust, bụ otu n'ime nnukwu ọrụ nyocha na-agba ọsọ na Afrịka, ya na otu n'etiti obere ihe ya n'ụwa niile. Nnyocha BPCT banyere Nkịta ọhịa emeela ka o doo an ya na ahụike na ọdịmma nke ndị niile na-eri ibe ha bụ isi ihe na-egosi ahụike zuru oke nke gburugburu ebe obibi Botswana.

Gọọmenti Botswana, na-ekwenyekwa na a pụghị ime njikwa akụrụngwa kwesịrị ekwesị na nke dị mkpa ma ọ bụrụ na enweghị ozi ziri ezi gbasara ihe ndị sitere n'okike ya, enyefela BPCT ọrụ nke iduga atụmatụ nchekwa na nyocha nke ugwu Botswana ma ka nnukwu anụ ọhịa niile na ebe obibi ha jikọtara ya. ọbọdọ.

### Nnyocha Okavango Delta
O. Okavango Delta, ebe ọtụtụ n'ime nyocha BPCT na-ewere ọnọdụ, bụ ala mmiri dị ọcha nke dị mkpa n'ụwa niile. Ọ bụ nnukwu Ramsar International Convention on Wetlands protected site n'Ụwa, World Conservation Union (IUCN) nyekwara ya ọnọdụ ihe nketa IUCNworld.

## Hụkwa

* Anụ ndị na-eri anụ n'Africa
* Anụmanụ nke Botswana

## Edemsibe

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị
Onye Ọkà n'Ime Nnụnụ nke South Australia

South Australian Ornithologist, bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ sayensị nke South Australian Ornithological Association (nke a ma kwaara dị ka Birds SA). E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ nke mbụ na afọ 1914, a na-ebipụtakwa ya ugbọrọ abụọ n'afọ ma ka ndị òtù ahụ.

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ornithology

## Edemsibe

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Nnụnụ, Nnụnụ na Birdwatching, 1899-1999. Òtù Ornithological nke South Australia: Adelaide.
* 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị
Mgbọ ikuku Kunitomo

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ngwá ọrụ na-akpata égbè ikuku nke Kunitomo.
Igwe ikuku Kunitomo, bụ egbe ikuku gbụrụ-gbúrụ 1820, nke onye Japan na-emepụta ihe bụ Kunitomo Ikkansai bụ onye mepụtara ụzọ dị iche iche ma ka egbe ma ka egbe ma mepụtakwa egbe ikuku dabere na ọmụmụ ihe ọmụma Western ("rangaku") nwetara site na Dutch na Dejima.

## Hụkwa

* Mgbọ elu Girardoni M1780 na-emegharị
* Ndepụta nke égbè ikuku
Anụ ọhịa nke Montserrat

Ma ka ozi gbasara, **Anụ ọhịa nke Montserrat**, lee:

* Ndepụta nnụnụ nke Montserrat
* Ndepụta nke ụmụ anụmanụ na-enye nwa ara nke Montserrat
* Ndepụta nke anụ ndị bi n'ala na n'ala
Bird Watching (magazine)

Bird Watching ( irí na atọ na afọ) bụ magazin Britain na-ebipụta kwa izu (iri na atọ kwa afọ ) ma ka Ndị na-ekiri nnụnụ, nke e guzobere na Machị n'afọ 1986.   na-ekesa ya site na ndenye aha nakwa site na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi, ọ nwere, ka ọ na-erule Septemba 2023, ọnụahịa mkpuchi nke £ 5.25.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
E guzobere Bird Watching na afọ 1986.  Mpaghara ọdịnaya dị mkpa gụnyere njirimara nnụnụ, nduzi ebe ikiri nnụnụ، ọhụụ ndị na-adịbeghị an ya site na UK, nyocha akwụkwọ na ngwá ọrụ na akụkọ.

Ndị nyere aka na ya gụnyere ndị nnụnụ ama ama dịka Dominic Couzens  na David Lindo . [1]

N'ịbụ nke EMAP bipụtara na mbụ,  Bauer Consumer Media nke Peterborough na-ebipụta magazin ahụ kwa ọnwa.  Ọnụ ọgụgụ ngụkọta nke mgbasa ozi ya nke ABC kwàdòrò na mbipụta ọ bụla ma ka afọ 2022 bụ 20,660,  nke 2,530 bụ ahịa akwụkwọ akụkọ [1] na 17,950 gara ndị debanyere aha.

## Ndị na-ebipụta akwụkwọ
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Onye bụbu onye nchịkọta akụkọ Sheena Harvey na ngosi nnụnụ na Middleton Hall na 21 Mee 2011
Bird Watching nwere ndị nchịkọta akụkọ ise:

* Chris Dawn (1986-88) 
* David Cromack (1988-2006) 
* Kevin Wilmot (2006-2008) 
* Sheena Harvey (2008-2011) 
* Matt Merritt (2011-) 

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ornithology

## Edemsibe

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị
* Blog gọọmentị
Anụ ọhịa nke Palau

Maka ozi gbasara **Anụ ọhịa nke Palau**, lee:

* Ndepụta nnụnụ nke Palau
* Ndepụta nke anụ na-enye nwa ara nke Palau

## [[Fish|Azụ]]
E nwere ụdị azụ 1,546 a hụrụ na nke a na-ewebata na Palau, ma n'ụsọ oké osimiri, na mmiri nnu na ụdị ụfọdụ a hụrụ na Mmiri dị ọcha. 

Ihe atụ ole na ole gụnyere:

* Azụ̀ frog
* Sweetlips
* Napoleon wrasse
* Ụgbọ mmiri
* Shortfin mako
* A machibidoro ya iwu
* Ịnyịnya mmiri
* Ihe na-egwe osisi n'oké osimiri

## Edemsibe
Ebe Nchekwa Anụ Ọhịa Al Wabra

Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation (AWWP), bụ ụlọ ọrụ zoological nke onwe ya n'etiti Qatar nke Qatari Prince Saud bin Muhammed Al Thani akara. Nchekwa ahụ na-anabata World Heritage Cycad Gene Bank (WHCGB), nke na-arụ ọrụ n'okpụ̀rụ iwu na ọtụtụ mba ndị ọzọ iji chebe ma n'ebe ma n' akara nke osisi prehistoric. Ogige ahụ nwere ihe dị ka anụmanụ 2,000 ma nwee ndị ọrụ ụmụaka 200  .   na-ewe 2.5 square kilomita nke ala, 1,000-square-meter steeti nke nka na-achịkwa greenhouse.

maara ebe nchekwa ahụ ma ka ịzụlite ụdị anụmanụ na osisi vascular ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ na ndị nọ n"ihe ize ndụ, gụnyere beira antelope, golden-headed lion tamarin, groundag, *Encephalartos*, Sudan cheetah na North African ostrich.  maara ya nke ọma ma ka ịzụlite Spix's macaw, otu n'ime ụdị nnụnụ kachasị dị ụkọ n'ụwa.

## Edemsibe

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe obibi Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation
Sewell A. Peterson

**Sewell Anton Peterson** (Febụwarị  28, n'afọ 1850 - Septemba 20, n'afọ 1915), ọ bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị America.

A mụrụ ya na Norway, ọ biri na Wisconsin na afọ 1861. Ọ bụ nwa Ole na Martha Peterson. Ọ biri na Menomonie, Wisconsin, ebe ọ bụ onye ahịa. N'oge ahụ, Peterson jere ozi na Menomonie Common Council. Mgbe ahụ ọ kwagara Rice Lake, Wisconsin, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka odeakwụkwọ ọbọdọ, onye na-ahụ ma ka akụ ọbọdọ, na onye isi ọbọdọ. n'afọ 1893, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Nzukọ nke Steeti Wisconsin. Site na afọ 1895 ruo n'afọ 1899, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ahụ ma ka akụ na ụba steeti Wisconsin.  Ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya na Republican National Convention site na Wisconsin na afọ 1900. Ọ nwụrụ na Rice Lake na afọ 1915, mgbe ọ gbagburu onwe ya na mberede n'afọ mgbe ọ na-achụ nta.  liri ya na Nora Cemetery na Rice Lake, Wisconsin . [1]
Carl D'Silva

**Carl D'Silva** (nwụrụ na 19 Julaị n'afọ 2015), bụ onye India na-ese ihe nkiri na onye na-ahụ ma ka ihe ndị e kere eke nke a maara nke ọma ma ka ihe osise nnụnụ ya n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ntuziaka na akwụkwọ nduzi.
thumb|Carl D'Silva, foto Disemba 2012 na Jardin Garcia da Orta, Panjim
thumb|D'Silva gosipụtara ọrụ ya
 A mụrụ ya na Goa, D'Silva so Salim Ali rụọ ọrụ ma gosipụta ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ya nke Bombay Natural History Society bipụtara. Mgb e dezigharịrị akwụkwọ Salim Ali's Book of Indian Birds ma ka otu narị afọ ọmụmụ ya na afọ 2002 (nke iri na atọ), Carl dezigharị ihe osise niile. O gosikwara ọtụtụ akwụkwọ nduzi nnụnụ nke Christopher Helm mepụtara.

## Edemsibe
Wild Life (magazine)

Wild Life, bụ magazin akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Melbourne, Australia, nke nwere ihe osise, nke a na-ebipụta kwa ọnwa site na afọ 1938 ruo n'afọ 1954.  Ọ bụ onye nwe akwụkwọ akụkọ Sir Keith Murdoch guzobere ya ma bụrụ nke Philip Crosbie Morrison dezigharịrị n'oge niile ọ dị.

## Edemsibe
Yūshin Maru

Yūshin Maru (勇新丸, Yūshin Maru), bụ onye na-ahụ ma ka whale edebanyere aha Japan nke na-arụ ọrụ whaling na North Pacific Ocean na Southern Ocean. Ya na ụgbọ mmiri ndị ọzọ nke ụgbọ mmiri ndị Japan, egosipụtara ya na telivishọn America kemgbe n'afọ 2008, n'ụdị akwụkwọ akụkọ eziokwu Whale Wars. 

## Ihe ngosi


## Hụkwa

* Ịkụ Whale na Japan
* Ụlọ Ọrụ Nnyocha Cetacean
Yushin Maru Nke 3

Yushin Maru .  3 (第三勇新丸, Daisan Yūshin Maru) bụ Onye na-egbu whale Ndị Japan nke na-arụ ọrụ igbu whale na North Pacific Ocean na Southern Ocean. Ya na ụgbọ ndị inyom nke ndị na-egbu whale na Japan, e sere ya na ike America, na usoro ihe omume Whale Wars.

E wuru Yūshin Maru Nke 3 n’afọ 2007 ma dochie Kyo Maru Nke 1, bụ́ nke e mesịrị chekwaa dị ka ụgbọ mmiri na Taiji, Japan.
Usòrò:AustralianCustoms-WhalingInTheSouthernOcean_2.jpg|alt=Sister ship Yūshin Maru with a Whale|Ụgbọ mmiri nwanne*Yūshin Maru*na Whale
Usòrò:AustralianCustoms-WhalingInTheSouthernOcean_3.jpg|alt=Sister ship Yūshin Maru with a Whale|Ụgbọ mmiri nwanne*Yūshin Maru*na Whale


## Hụkwa

* Ịkụ Whale na Japan
* Ụlọ Ọrụ Nnyocha Cetacean

## Edemsibe
Occulting disk

thumb|Ihe mkpofu gburugburu kpakpando AU Microscopii. Okirikiri ojii dị n'etiti bụ diski na-ekpuchi nke coronagraph.
 -ekpuchi bụ obere diski nke a na-etinye n'etiti anya nke onyokomita ma ọ bụ n'ebe ọ na-elekwasị anya, iji gbochie anya nke ihe na-egbuke egbuke ka e wee hụ ihe ndị na-adịghị ike n'ụzọ dị mfe.

Akara akwara, na nke kachasị mfe, bụ diski nzuzo nke dị n'ọdụ ụgbọ elu nke teliskop, ma ọ bụ n'ihu oghere ọnụ ụzọ, nke na-egbochi ihe oyiyi diski anyanwụ, ka e wee hụ corona.  Starshade bụ nke emebere ka o jiri igwe teliskop oghere na-efe efe n'ụdị nke exoplanets.

## Hụkwa

* Ọrụ Ụwa Ọhụrụ
* Ihu igwe
* Telescope maka mbara ala ndị a na-ebi ebi na Interstellar/Intergalactic Astronomy

## Edensibia
Johann Carl Vogel

**Johann Carl "John" Vogel** (7 Septemba 1932 - 30 Jenụwarị 2012) bụ onye South African isotope physics nwere mmasị pụrụ iche na nkà mmụta ihe ochie nke o ji radiocarbon dating mee ihe iji guzobe oge.

## Ọrụ
A mụrụ Vogel na 7 Septemba 1932 na Pretoria .  O nwetara BSc na chemistry na 1951, na MSc na 1955, ha abụọ sitere na Mahadum Pretoria. Ọ kwagara Germany iji mụọ na Mahadum Heidelberg ebe ọ nwetara nzere doctorate n'okpuru Otto Haxel na 1959. Isiokwu nke thesis  bụ mkpebi nke carbon isotope fractionation factors.  

N'afọ 1961, Vogel chọrọ ịlaghachi South Africa, mana enweghị ọrụ kwesịrị ekwesị maka ya, ọ kwagara Netherlands wee nweta ọkwa onye isi nke Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory na Mahadum Groningen. Ọnọdụ ahụ dị mgbe ọnwụ Hessel de Vries gasịrị. Vogel mechara bụrụ prọfesọ nke isotope geology na Groningen . 

N'afọ 1967, Vogel laghachiri South Africa wee guzobe ụlọ nyocha na Council for Scientific and Industrial Research na Pretoria. Vogel  onye isi nke Quaternary Dating Research Unit ruo 1997, mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká. 'oge ọ na-arụ ọrụ, ọ mepụtara usoro maka ịlụ ọkpụkpụ a na-akpọghị ọkụ ma nye aka na mmemme ịlụ radiocarbon.

Site na 1986 ruo 1988 ọ bụ onye isi oche nke South African Archaeological Society .  'afọ 1988, Vogel natara De Beers Gold Medal site na South African Institute of Physics n'afọ 1988. [1]  bụ onye otu Royal Society of South Africa . [1]

 lụrụ Ursula Weidemann, prọfesọ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme oge ochie na Mahadum nke South Africa.  nwụrụ na 30 Jenụwarị 2012. [1]

## Edensibia