Marjorie Lee Browne

**Marjorie Lee Browne** (July 2, afo 1914 - Ọktoba 19, afo 1979) bụ onye nkuzi mgbakọ na mwepụ. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị Africa-America mbụ nwetara PhD na mgbakọ na mwepụ .

## Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
Marjorie Lee Browne bụ ọkà mmụta mgbakọ na mwepụ na onye nkụzi a ma ama bụ onye, na afo 1949, ghọrọ nanị nwanyị America nke atọ nke Africa iji nweta akara mmụta doctorate n'ọhịa ya. A mụrụ Browne na Septemba 9, afo 1914, na Memphis, Tennessee, nye Mary Taylor Lee na Lawrence Johnson Lee. Nna ya, onye ode akwụkwọ nzi ozi ụgbọ oloko lụgharịrị nwunye obere oge ka nwunye ya nwụsịrị, mgbe Browne dị ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ abụọ. Ya na nwunye ya nke abụọ, Lottie, bụ́ onye nkụzi ụlọ akwụkwọ, gbara nwa ha nwanyị ume iji ọmụmụ ihe ya kpọrọ ihe n’ihi na ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ nwere nkà. Browne gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị LeMoyne, ụlọ akwụkwọ Methodist nkeonwe nke malitere mgbe agha obodo gasịrị. N'oge agụmakwụkwọ ya, ọ meriri Memphis City Tennis Singles Championship na afo 1929 na afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na LeMoyne High School. Ọ gara Mahadum Howard, na-agụsị akwụkwọ na mgbakọ na mwepụ na gụsịrị akwụkwọ na afo 1935.  Mgbe ọ nwetasịrị nzere bachelọ, ọ kuziri ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na kọleji obere oge, gụnyere na Gilbert Academy na New Orleans . 

O tinyeziri akwụkwọ na mmemme gụsịrị akwụkwọ na mahadum nke Michigan na mgbakọ na mwepụ. Michigan nabatara ndị America America, ebe ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ US ndị ọzọ anabataghị n'oge ahụ. Mgbe ọ rụsịrị ọrụ oge niile na kọleji Wiley ojii nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na Marshall, Texas, na ịga Michigan naanị n'oge ọkọchị, ọrụ Browne kwụrụ ụgwọ wee nweta mkpakọrịta nkuzi na Michigan, na-aga oge niile wee dechaa akwụkwọ edemede ya na afo 1949. George Yuri Rainich na-elekọta akwụkwọ edemede ya, "Ọmụmụ nke Otu Parameter Subgroups of Some Topological and Matrix Groups," bụ onye nlekọta ya.  Ọ bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị mbụ America-Afrika nọ na US nwetara akara ugo mmụta doctorate na mgbakọ na mwepụ, yana Evelyn Boyd Granville, onye nwetakwara Ph.D. n'afọ 1949.  Euphemia Haynes bụ nwanyị mbụ onye America America nọ na US nwetara akara ugo mmụta doctorate na mgbakọ na mwepụ, ebe ọ nwetara nke ya na afo 1943. 

## Mgbe e mesịrị ndụ na ọrụ
Mgbe ọ nwetasịrị akara mmụta doctorate ya, Browne enweghị ike idobe ọkwa nkuzi na ụlọ ọrụ nyocha. N'ihi nke a, ọ na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ndị nkụzi mgbakọ na mwepụ, na-akụziri ha na "modern mgbakọ na mwepụ." O lekwasịrị anya karịsịa n'ịkwado mmụta mgbakọ na mwepụ maka ndị pere mpe na ụmụ nwanyị. 

Browne wee sonye na ngalaba na North Carolina College (ugbu a North Carolina Central University (NCCU)), ebe ọ kuziri ma mee nyocha ruo afọ iri atọ. Ọ bụkwa onye isi ngalaba ahụ ọtụtụ oge ya na NCCU, site na afo 1951 ruo na afo 1970. N'ebe ahụ ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi nyocha, onye nhazi ngalaba mgbakọ na mwepụ, na onye nkuzi maka Summer Institute for Secondary School Science and Mathematics Teachers. 

Marjorie Lee Browne nwụrụ n'ihi nkụchi obi na Durham, North Carolina, na Ọktoba 19, afo 1979. Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, ụmụ akwụkwọ ya anọ guzobere Marjorie Lee Brown Trust Fund na North Carolina Central University nke na-akwado Marjorie Lee Browne Scholarship na Marjorie Lee Browne Distinguished Alumni Lecture Series.  Ebe ọ bụ na afo 1999, Ngalaba mgbakọ na mwepụ na Mahadum Michigan kwadoro Marjorie Lee Browne Colloquium, nke na-eweta kwa afọ ọkà okwu "iji gosipụta okwu nke na-eme ka nchọpụta ha pụta ìhè ma na-ekwukwa okwu banyere ọdịiche dị na sayensị." 

## Ntụnye
Ọrụ Browne na otu oge gboo gosipụtara ihe akaebe dị mfe nke njirimara topological dị mkpa na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti otu oge gboo.  Ọrụ ya n'ozuzu lekwasịrị anya na linear na matrix algebra .

Browne hụrụ mkpa sayensị kọmputa dị n'oge, na-ede onyinye $ 60,000 nye IBM iji weta kọmputa na NCCU na 1960-otu n'ime kọmputa mbụ na mgbakọ agụmakwụkwọ, ma eleghị anya nke mbụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ojii . 

N'ime oge ọrụ ya niile, Browne rụrụ ọrụ iji nyere ụmụ akwụkwọ mgbakọ na mwepụ nwere nkà aka, na-akụziri ha ma na-enye ha nkwado ego iji nweta agụmakwụkwọ ka elu. Ụmụ akwụkwọ ama ama gụnyere Joseph Battle, William Fletcher, Asamoah Nkwanta, na Nathan Simms.  O guzobere ụlọ akwụkwọ okpomọkụ iji nye ndị nkuzi ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na- aga n'ihu na mgbakọ na mwepụ. Na afo 1974, e nyere ya onyinye ncheta ncheta WW Rankin mbụ sitere na North Carolina Council of Teachers of Mathematics maka ọrụ ya na agụmakwụkwọ mgbakọ na mwepụ. 

Ọ bụ onye so na Women's Research Society, American Mathematical Society, Mathematical Association of America, na International Congress of Mathematicians . 

## Mbipụta

* "Ihe ndetu na otu oge gboo", *Amer.* *mgbakọ na mwepụ.* *Kwa ọnwa* 62 (1955), 424–27 .

### Mmụta mgbakọ na mwepụ na-arụ ọrụ

* *Ntọala, mgbagha, na echiche mgbakọ na mwepụ* (1957)
* *Okwu mmalite nke Algebra Linear* (1959)
* *Algebra Elementary Matrix* (1969)
* *Ọdịdị Algebra* (1974)

## Ihe nrite na nkwanye ugwu
Ọ bụ ezie na ịkpa ókè megide ndị America America na ụmụ nwanyị dị ịrịba ama n'oge mmalite Browne, a matara ya maka mmezu ya na agụmakwụkwọ na mgbakọ na mwepụ.

* A họpụtara Sigma Xi, 1948
* Mahadum nke Michigan nominee, American Mathematical Society
* Mmekọrịta Ford Foundation iji mụọ topology combinatorial na Mahadum Cambridge
* National Science Foundation Faculty Fellow na-amụ mgbakọ na mwepụ na ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ na UCLA
* Mmekọrịta iji mụọ topology dị iche iche na Mahadum Columbia, 1965-66
* Onye nnata mbụ nke WW Rankin Memorial Award for Excellence in Mathematics Education, nke North Carolina Council of Teachers in Mathematics nyere ya, nke toro ya maka "inyere aka na-emeghe ụzọ maka òtù ndị jikọtara ọnụ".
* Mahadum nke Michigan Department of Mathematics guzobere Dr. Marjorie Lee Browne Colloquium na afo 1999. A na-egosi colloquium kwa afọ n'oge mmemme ụbọchị Martin Luther King nke Mahadum Michigan. 
* Marjorie Lee Browne Scholarship, nke na-enye ụmụ akwụkwọ na-agụ akwụkwọ na mgbakọ na mwepụ na NCCU.

## Ihe ndetu

## Edensibia

* Patricia Clark Kenschaft, "Ndị ikom na ndị inyom ojii na nyocha mgbakọ na mwepụ," *Journal of Black Studies*, vol. 18, mba. 2 (Decemba 1987), p.&nbsp;170–190.
* Scott W. Williams, "Ụmụ nwanyị ojii na sayensị mgbakọ na mwepụ," (SUNY Buffalo Math Dept. )
* E. Fogg, C. Davis, na J. Sutton, "Profaịlụ nke Marjorie Lee Browne." Ewetara na Weebụ World Wide, Webụsaịtị “Biographies of Women Mathematicians” Agnes Scott College na 28 Julaị afo 2004.
* "Ndị nna nna nke Sayensị MiSciNet, Marjorie Lee Browne," ''Sayensị'', Septemba 10, afo 2004.
* Charlene Morrow na Teri Perl (eds), *Ụmụ nwanyị ama ama na mgbakọ na mwepụ, Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Biographical*, Greenwood Press, 1998. p.&nbsp;17–21.

## Njikọ mpụga

* "Marjorie Lee Browne", Akụkọ ndụ ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọkachamara mgbakọ na mwepụ, Agnes Scott College
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations