open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Leonardo Lala

**Leonardo Lala** (1906 - Maachi 4, 2000) bụ onye edemede nke Arbëreshë / Albania sitere na Contessa Entellina na Italy na ọkachamara na asụsụ Arbëreshë, na akụkọ ihe mere eme Arbëreshë na omenala ndị mmadụ.  Na 1910 ọ kwagara US (New Orleans), ebe ọ nọrọ ihe dị ka afọ atọ. Mgbe ọ laghachiri na 1913 Lala gara ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị wee gụchaa klas nke anọ wee malite itinye onwe ya n'ọrụ ugbo, dị ka ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ na Contessa Entellina.

Ọ bụ ezie na agụmakwụkwọ Lala nwere nanị ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị, ọ nọgidere na-enwe mmasị miri emi na omenala Arbëresh na Albania. Ọ bụ onye nyocha siri ike nke kuziri onwe ya dịka o kwere mee gbasara asụsụ, akụkọ ihe mere eme na ọdịnala, wee dee ọtụtụ iberibe n'asụsụ Italian na Albanian dabere na nyocha ya, ma na nnyocha na amaokwu. A na-akọ na a na-eji ụfọdụ eme ihe mgbe niile na ọdịbendị na ihe ndị na-eme ugbu a nke obodo ndị Itali na Albania.  Lala lekọtara ederede nke okwu Arbëreshë 4,000 e ji mee ihe na Contessa Entellina . 

Lala lara ezumike nká n'ọrụ ugbo mgbe ọ dị afọ 80, ma lekwasị anya na nyocha ya na omenala Arbëreshe. Ọ nwụrụ, mgbe ọ dị afọ 94, na Contessa Entellina na Machị 4, 2000. 

## Ntụaka
Knud Knudsen (onye na-asụ asụsụ)

**Knud Knudsen** (ọnwa January 6, afọ 1812 – ọnwa Maachị 30, afọ 1895) bụ onye nkuzi, onye ode akwụkwọ, ọkà mmụta asụsụ na ọkà mmụta sayensị, nke a maara dị ka "Nna nke Bokmål ". A maara ya nke ọma maka ịkpọkọta site na Dano-Norwegian otu n'ime nsụgharị abụọ edere ede nke asụsụ Norwegian, Bokmål, otu n'ime nsụgharị abụọ edere nke asụsụ Norwegian . 

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Knud Knudsen na Tvedestrand dị na Agder, Norway. Ọ bụ onye prọfesọ nke mbụ na Drammen ruo afọ 1846, mgbe a họpụtara ya onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ na Christiania Cathedral School, ọnọdụ ọ nọrọ ruo afọ 1880. 

Knudsen tinyere aka emepe  kwa arụmụka mba nke butere ụdị *Riksmål* (nke e mesịrị *Bokmål* ) ya na *Landsmål* (emesịa *Nynorsk* ) nke asụsụ Norwegian edere . Dị ka onye akuzi nkụzi, ọ chọpụtara na ọ na-esiri ụmụ akwụkwọ ike ide ihe n'asụsụ Danish, mgbe ha na-asụ asụsụ Norwegian . Ọ bịara kweta na e kwesịrị ịgbanwe asụsụ e dere ede ka ọ kwekọọ n’okwu ọnụ. N'akụkụ a, Knudsen bịara nwee mmetụta n'etiti ndị ọgbọ ya, nke gụnyere Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson .   

Knudsen bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ tụrụ aro ka ọ bụrụ Norwegianization ( *fornorskninglinjen* ), idegharị okwu mgbazinye ego ka ọ bụrụ mkpope akwụkwọ nke

## Ọrụ ahọpụtara

* *Haandbog na dansk-norsk sproglære* (afọ 1856)
* *Kedu ihe kpatara ya?* ( afọ 1862)
* *Modersmaalet som skolefag* ( afọ 1864)
* *Akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme* ( afọ 1867)
* *Nogle spraak- og skolespörgsmaal* (afọ 1869)
* *Den landsgyldige norske uttale* ( afọ 1876)
* *Unorsk og Norsk eller fremmede ords avlösning*, ( afọ 1879- afọ 1881)
* *Afọ 1881* (1881)
* *Norsk blandkorn* (samlinga 3, afọ 1882–1885)
* *Akwụkwọ Latin nke Latin* (afọ 1884)
* *Kedu ihe kpatara ya?* ( afọ 1886)
* *Tyskhet na Norsk og dansk* ( afọ 1888).
* *Norsk maalvekst nke 1852 å regne* ( afọ 1894)

## Hụkwa
Atner Khuzangai

**Atner Petrovich Khuzangai**[a] (amụrụ na 8 Ọktoba 1948) bụ onye Chuvash Russian philologist, onye nkatọ akwụkwọ, onye mgbasa ozi, onye ndú nke Chuvash national movement, Onye isi ala mbụ, ugbu a onye isi ala nke Chuvish National Congress. Onye otu Chuvash Writers' Union (1987).

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Atner Khuzangai na ezinụlọ onye na-ede uri Pyotr Khuzangai [ru] (1907–1970) na onye na-eme ihe nkiri Vera Kuzmina (1923–2021).

Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ngalaba Oriental nke Mahadum steeti Leningrad (ọkachamara bụ Arabic philology na ọmụmụ postgraduate) na ọmụmụ postgaduate site na Institute of Oriental studies nke Academy of Sciences nke Soviet Union. Ọ zụrụ azụ dị ka onye ntụgharị okwu agha na Egypt site na 1970 ruo 1971. Na 1977, a kpọpụtara ya onye nwa Akwụkwọ nke Philological Sciences.

Onye isi ngalaba mmụta asụsụ nke Chuvash State Institute of Humanities . 

Na ngwụcha afọ 1980 na mmalite afọ 1990, Khuzangai bụ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Chuvash national cultural movement. Ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya Kansụl Kasị Elu nke Chuvash Republic na onye isi oche nke kọmitii na-adịgide adịgide na ọdịbendị. Ọ bụ onye na-azọ ọkwa onye isi ala nke Chuvash Republic ugboro abụọ na 1991 na 1993. N'agbata afọ 1992 na 1997, ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Chuvash National Congress, nke e guzobere na atụmatụ ya. Site na 1997 ruo 2002, ọ bụkwa osote onye isi oche mbụ nke Nzukọ Ezumezu nke Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization.

## Ihe ndeputa si n'ogbako

* Atner Khoosanguy, Поиск слова. Литературно-критические статьи. — Чебоксары: Чувашгосиздат., 1987. 191 с.
* Atner Khoosanguy, Поэт Айги и художники (Опыт философской интерпретации поэтического и художественного сознания. — Чебоксары, 1998.
* Atner Khoosanguy, Текст, метатексты и путешествия. — Чебоксары: Руссика, 2003. 387 с.
* Atner Khoosanguy, Без иллюзий: мой временник. — Чебоксары: Чуваш. кн. изд-во, 2017. 255 с.  

## Ndetu

## Ntụaka

# Chuvash encyclopedia
# Cultural heritage of Chuvash a
#

## Njikọ mpụga

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Mehmet Muslimov

thumb|Mehmet Muslimov
**Mehmet Muslimov** (, amuru Ọgọst 14, 1964) bu onye Russia, okachamara n'asusu Finno-Ugric. Ọ bụ onye otu Strana Yazykov, netwọkụ na-akwado asụsụ mba niile.

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Mehmet Muslimov na Saint Petersburg. Ọ natara Master of Arts na Ethnology site na Mahadum Europe dị na Saint Petersburg na nzere Candidate of Sciences site na Institute for Linguistic Studies nke Russian Academy of Sciences, ebe ọ na-arụ ọrụ kemgbe ahụ. A raara thesis ya nye Mmekọrịta asụsụ na Western Ingria ma dee ya n'okpuru nlekọta agụmakwụkwọ nke Evgeny Golovko. Muslimov na-akụzi asụsụ Votic na Ingrian dị n'ihe ize ndụ n'otu ebe ọdịnala dị na Saint Petersburg.

## Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ
 
•Muslimov,  Mehmet. 2009. K klassifikacii finskih dialektov Ingermanlandii. na Voprosy uralistiki:  179-204. Sanit Petersburg: Nauka.  
• Muslimov, Mehmet. 2012. "Narodnaya dialektologija" v  nizneluzskom areale.  Acta Linguistica Petropolitana  8(1): 135-193.

## Ntụaka

# Ntụgharindi ọzọ gụnyere Mekhmet, Mehmed , Mekhmed, cf. "Muslimov Mehmed Zakirovich". eLibrary (na Russia).
# "Maxum. Komanda". Strana Yazykov (na Russia).
# "Muslimov Mehmed Zakirovich". ILS RAS( na Russia). 
# "Ihe mere e ji chefuo asụsụ na omenala ndị Ingrian Finns na otú ndị na-eme ihe ike, ndị isi ụka, na ndị ọkà mmụta agbụrụ na-agbalị ime ka ọ dịghachi ndụ". Bunaga (na asụsụ Russia).
Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Victor Bayda

**Victor Victorovich Bayda** (Russian; amụrụ 1980/1981)  bụ onye Russia bu ọkà mmụta  asụsụ nke maara asụsụ Celtic na German. Ọ bụ onye ọrụ nhazi asụsụ ugbu a na Iveragh Gaeltacht nke County Kerry.

## Akụkọ ndụ
Onye Moscow, Bayda malitere inwe mmasị n'asụsụ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na atọ. O nwere mmasị karịsịa n'asụsụ Celtic, na n'oge ọ gara mahadum ọ mụtara ụfọdụ Welsh na Scottish Gaelic.

Na Mahadum Moscow State, ọ gụrụ Dutch Ndị Irish. Iji melite Irish ya, ọ nọrọ otu oge na Trinity College Dublin. O mechara nọrọ oge na obodo ndị na-asụ asụsụ Irish nke An Spidéal na An Cheathrú Rua, wee gaa Acadamh na hOllscolaíochta Gaeilge .   

Ọ bụ onye nkuzi na Irish na Moscow State University ihe karịrị afọ iri na ise ,  ma nata nzere doctorate ya n'ebe ahụ n'afọ 2009, ya na thesis akpọrọ Evolution of Perfect Constructures in Icelandic and Goidelic (lit. 'The Evolution of Perfect Constructions in Icelandico and Goidelik'). 

N'afọ 2019, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye ọrụ nhazi asụsụ (ma ọ bụ Oif Jill Pleanála Teanga) maka Iveragh Gaeltacht (ma ọ dị ) nke County Kerry,  ya na ibu ọrụ chepụta na mejuputa atumatu ịtụte asụsụ Irish n'ebe ahụ. N'ọrụ a, ọ kwadoro ka e nye mpaghara Gaeltacht dị elu nke ha n'ime gọọmentị Irish .

Bayda na-asụ asụsụ iri: Russian, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, Welsh, Icelandic, Swedish, English, Dutch, German, na French.

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ajụjụ ọnụ na Redio Kerry (21 Febụwarị 2019) 
* Ajụjụ ọnụ na BBC Radio Foyle (28 Febụwarị 2019) 
* Ajụjụ ọnụ na RTÉ Redio 1 (14 Machị 2021) 
Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ivan Bogorov

**Ivan Bogorov** () (1818&#x2013;Nọvemba 1, 1892) bụ onye akwụkwọ nkà ihe ọmụma Bulgarian site n'oge nke National Revival. A gụrụ akwụkwọ na nkà mmụta ọgwụ,  ọ rụkwara ọrụ na ngalaba ụlọ ọrụ, akụ na ụba, ụgbọ njem, ọdịdị ala, akwụkwọ akụkọ na mmụta asụsụ. 

A mụrụ ya na Karlovo na 1818.  Bogorov gụrụ akwụkwọ na Phanar Greek Orthodox College na Istanbul, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na itoolu ọ kwagara Odessa iji gụọ akwụkwọ na Richelieu High School. N'afọ 1841, o bipụtara ihe agha nke Bulgaria site na *Stemmatography* nke Hristofor Zhefarovich (1741). Ruo oge ụfọdụ, Bogorov gara Bucharest, Svishtov, Veliko Tarnovo, Kazanlak (nke ọ kpọrọ "Izvornik") na Gabrovo tupu ọ gaa biri na Stara Zagora ("Veta Zagora"). Ọ kwalitere agụmakwụkwọ na Bulgarian karịa Grik n'oge njem ya. Na Stara Zagora, o dere akwụkwọ mbụ nke asụsụ Bulgarian, nke o bipụtara na Bucharest na 1844.  Mgbe ahụ ọ kwagara Leipzig ("Lipiska"), ebe o wepụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ Bulgaria mbụ, Balgarskiy orel (Bulgarian Eagle) na 1846, afọ abụọ mgbe magazin Bulgaria mbụ nke Konstantin Fotinov, *Lyuboslovia*. Bogorov laghachiri Istanbul, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ *Tsarigradski Vestnik*, wee kwaga Paris ịmụ ọgwụ. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, Bogorov biri na Plovdiv ịrụ ọrụ dị ka dọkịta. N'ebe ahụ, o weputara Journal for Science, Handicrafts and Trade. O sonyere na ntọhapụ nke ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị ọzọ, akwụkwọ akụkọ na akwụkwọ, ma kwadebe Academic Bulgarian Dictionary na akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu French-Bulgarian (1869) na Bulgarian-French (1871).  Bogorov sụgharịrị *Robinson Crusoe* nke Daniel Defoe n'asụsụ Bulgarian ma wepụta nchịkọta Abụ ọdịnala ndị Bulgaria (1842). O dekwara akwụkwọ gbasara ọdịdị ala nke akụkụ Europe nke Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman.

A maara Bogorov dị ka onye na-agbachitere Purism asụsụ, na mgbalị ya iji gbochie mmetụta Grik na Russian na Bulgarian, o webatara ọtụtụ okwu na-adịghị ahụkebe na neologisms na asụsụ edemede. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị ọgbọ ya weere ọtụtụ n'ime ndị a dị ka ndị na-atọ ọchị na ndị na-eme ihe ọchị, ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu enweela ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịghọ akụkụ a na-apụghị ikewapụ iche nke okwu Bulgarian.

## Ndetụ

## Ntụaka

*
Evar Saar

thumb|Evar Saar na 2008
**Evar Saar** (Võro: Sa落 Evar; amụrụ na 16 n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1969) bụ onye Estonia na-amụ asụsụ, onye nta akụkọ, onye na-ahụ maka aha obodo na onye na-eme ngagharị iwe maka Asụsụ Võro. Ọ gara ọtụtụ ebe gburugburu obodo akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Võrumaa ma dekọọ aha mbụ nke ihe niile dị mkpa n'ebe ahụ. Na mkpokọta, ọ chịkọtala ihe karịrị aha 50,000 n'asụsụ Võro ​​a na-asụ na Ndịda Estonia.

## Ọrụ

* O nwere ike ịbụ na ọ na-anọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. Dissertationes philologiae estonicae Universitatis Tartuensis, 1406-1325; 22, Tartu Ülikool 2008.
* Räpina ja Vastseliina kohanimed. Sünkrooniline ya na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na-eme ka ndị mmadụ ghara ịdị. Na: Mariko Faster na Evar Saar. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]  (MA thesis: Aha mpaghara nke Räpina na Vastseliina. Nchịkọta nchịkọta na nchekwa data) 
* Eve Alender, Kairit Henno, Annika Hussar, Peeter Päll na Evar Saar. N'afọ 2003, ọ bụ n'oge a ka a na-akpọ "Eesti Keele Sihtasutus".  (Nnyocha nke atụmatụ aha) 

## Ntụaka

# Helgi Leesmen (19 septemba 2008). "Vorukestest teadlased kulastasid Kanadat ning konelesid kohanimedest". Eesti Elu (na Estonian). Eweputara 27 Jenuwari 2011.

ikike nkwado
Metodyj Trochanovskij

**Metodyj Trochanovskij** (Metoдий Трохановский; Mee 5, 1885 - Febuwari 15, 1948) bụ onye Lemko na-eme ihe ike na onye nkuzi.

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Metodyj Trochanovskij na Binczarowa, Poland, mgbe ọ bụ akụkụ nke Alaeze nke Galicia na Lodomeria nke Austria-Hungary, na Mee 5, 1885.

Mgbe ọ natasịrị agụmakwụkwọ nkuzi ya na Seminarị ndị nkuzi na Krosno, ọ kụziri na ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị dị n'obodo Lemko nke Uhryn. N'afọ 1913, ọ lụrụ Konstancija Durkot, nwa nwanyị nke onye ụkọchukwu Lemko a ma ama na onye na-eme ngagharị iwe, Nna Ioann Chrysostom Durkot, wee tinye aka na nchegbu agụmakwụkwọ na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na Lemko-Rusyn.

Na mbido Agha Ụwa nke Mbụ, e boro ya ebubo ịgba ọchịchị mgba okpuru megide Austria-Hungary, jide ya, kpee ya ikpe, ma maa ya ikpe ọnwụ na 1916 n'oge ikpe Vienna nke abụọ. E jidere ogbugbu ahụ, a tọhapụrụ ya na Talerhof na 1917, mgbe emechiri ya.

A maara ya maka ịgba ndị enyi ya Lemkos ume ka ha guzobe ụlọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ akwụmụgwọ, ma dọọ aka ná ntị banyere ihe ize ndụ nke Ukrainization nke mpaghara Lemko. O dere akwụkwọ mbụ na ụtọ asụsụ nke ụdị Lemko nke Asụsụ Rusyn. 

Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ahazi ihe omume ahụ nke dugara n'iwu Talerhof Cross. Ndị mwakpo Nazi tụrụ ya mkpọrọ maka ọrụ ọgụgụ isi na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya na 1941, na ndị Soviet na-awakpo na NKVD na 1944. A tọhapụrụ ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, mana ya na ezinụlọ ya kwagara Wrocław na 1947. Ọ nwụrụ n'ebe ahụ n'oge na-adịghị anya, na Febụwarị 15, 1948. 

## Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara

* 
* 

## Ntụaka

# Bogdan Horbal (2005). Custer, Richard D.(ed.).  "Ngaghari nke Rusyn n'etiti ndi Galician Lemkos"(PDF). Rusyn-American Almanac nke Carpatho- otu Rusyn  (10th ANNIVERSARY 2004-2005). Pittsburgh:81-91.
#

## Njikọ mpụga

*
Gavião nke Jiparaná

**Gaviao nke Jiparana** (*Gavião do Jiparaná*), nke a makwaara dị ka Digüt, Ikolen na Gavião do Rondônia, bụ asụsụ nke Gavião nke Rondônía, Brazil. Ọ bụ asụsụ Tupian   nke alaka Monde. Ọ bụ ihe a na-aghọta na Suruí. A na-ewere olumba **Zoró** nke Ndị Zoró na-asụ mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka asụsụ dị iche.

## Edemsibia

# 1.01.1 ''Gaviao of jiparana'' at *[[Ethnologue]]* (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
# Edangered Languages project data for zoro

## Njikọ mpụga

* ELAR archive nke Gavião na Suruí Asụsụ na-afụ ụfụfụ na okwu instrumental site na Julien Meyer
* ELAR Archive of Language Akwụkwọ nke ọdịbendị ọdịnala n'etiti Gavião na Suruí nke Rondônia site na Dennis Moore
Asụsụ Zo'é

**Zo'é** (Jo'é) bụ nke ụmụ amaala nke Zo'é nke Pará, Brazil na-asụ. Ọ dị nso na Asụsụ Emerillon. 

A makwaara Zo'é dịka Buré, Poturu, Poturujara, na Tupí nke Cunimapanema.

## Ihe edetuta
1.*A kọwaputara edensibịa nke a na templeetị, ma ọ bụ ngọngọ ọzọ emeputara, ma ugbu a enwere ike ihu nkirimaatu ya n'ebe osi.*
Abergel

Abergel (Arabic: أبيرجل, Hibru: אברג'ל), sụkwara Abargil, Abergil, Abourgil, Abourgal, Abourjal, Abirjal, Aberjel) bụ aha nna ndị Juu Moroccan[1]. Ọ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị n'etiti ndị Juu Moroccan, a pụkwara ịhụ ya n'etiti ndị Juu Algeria na ndị Tunisia sitere na Moroccan. Aha ahụ sitere na okwu Arabik Moroccan "Bourjila" nke putara "Otu ụkwụ".

Ndị ama ama nwere aha nna gụnyere:

* Avital Abegel (amụrụ 1977), onye na-eme ihe nkiri Israel
* Dena Abergel, New York City Ballet osote onye na-agba bọọlụ ụmụaka
* Laurent Abegel (amụrụ 1993), onye egwuregwu bọọlụ France
* Linor Abargil (amụrụ 1980), onye mmeri n'ikiri ịma mma Israel
* Nir Abegel (amuru 1990), onye egwuregwu bọọlụ Israel
* Rebecca Abergel, onye French chemist
* Reuven Abegel (amụrụ 1943), onye ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị Israel
* Thal Abergel (amụrụ 1982), onye isi chess French
* Yaniv Abargil (amụrụ 1977), onye egwuregwu bọọlụ Israel

## Hụkwa

* Abargil

## Ihe odide

# Guggenheimer, Heinrich Walter; Guggenheimer, Eva Auguste Horowitz (1992). Jewish Family Names and Their Origins: An Etymological Dictionary. Hoboken, N.J: KTAV Publishing House. p. 3. . OCLC 25093664. Retrieved 6 April 2019.
Otú:Surnames of Moroccan origins
Otú:Surnames of Sephardic origin
Otú:Arabic-language surnames
Otú:Surnames of Maghrebi Jewish origin
Otú:Arab-Jewish surnames
Abckiria

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Peeji mbụ nke ''Abckiria''
ABC-Kyria (nke a na-akpọkwa ABC-kiria mgbe ụfọdụ, ma na-akpọ "ABC-kirja" n'Asụsụ Finnish nke oge a), n'asụsụ Bekee "ABC book", bụ akwụkwọ ABC e sere n'asụsụ Finland.  Ọ bụ Mikael Agricola, onye bishọp na onye Lutheran Reformer, dere ya, e bipụtakwara ya na 1543. Agricola dere akwụkwọ ahụ mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Finnish mbụ nke Agba Ọhụrụ (nke e mechara mechaa na 1548 dị ka Se Wsi Testamenti).

Abckiria bụ nke mbụ e mere iji chọpụta ihe ndị bụ isi nke ịgụ na ide.  O nwere ike akwụkwọ, ụfọdụ mmega ahụ nzaghachi okwu, na Katkizim.  Mbipụta mbụ peeji 16. Mbipụta nke abụọ, nke e dere na 1551, nwe peeji 24. Enweghị zuru ezu nke ọ lla a mara na ọ dị, mana a akwụkwọla akwụkwọ nke akwụkwọ ahụ site na ihe dị ugbu a.

N'afọ 1966, onye na-elekọta ọ́bá akwụkwọ chọpụtara akụkụ ndị ọzọ na-efu efu ma tinye ụbọchị mbipụta ọhụrụ (ma eleghị anya nke atọ) nke afọ 1559.

 Katkizim ahụ Eze Iwu Iri, Nkwenkwe Ndịozi, Ekpere Onyenwe anyị, mbụ mbụ nke Haị Mary, nke Agba Ọhụrụ maka sakramenti nke baputizim, ókè, na Sakrament nke na-na ọbara ihe.  Ọ gụa amara na ekpere na ụtụtụ na mgbede dabere na Luther's Small Catechism na ekpere atọ n'oge mgbịrịgba ike, o doro anya na ọ bụ ihe na-aghọ Angelus.

N'oge a, akụkụ a ma ama nke akwụkwọ ahụ bụ uri mmeghe:

("Mụta ugbu a, ndị agadi na ndị na-eto eto, ndị nwere obi ọhụrụ, iwu Chineke na uche, ka ị wee mara asụsụ Finnish. Iwu, ọ na-eme ka mkpụrụ obi tụọ egwu, mana Kraịst na-eme ya ka ọ dị jụụ ọzọ. Ya mere gụọ site ebe a ezigbo nwa, mmalite nke mmụta na-enweghị ihe mgbochi. Cheta ha ndụ gị niile, ya mere Jizọs na-enye gị ebere ya.") 

*O nwere ike ịbụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-ede ihe nkiri na-eme ka onye na-ese okwu na onye na onye na - onye na-eso okwu na onye ọ na-ese ihe na onye na*

## Ihe odide
3212 Agricola

3212 Agricola, aha nwa oge 1938 DH2, bụ Flora Asteroid nkume sitere na mpaghara dị n'ime belt asteroid, ihe dịka 5 km (3.1 miles) n'eche.  Ọ bụ onye Finland na-egosi mbara igwe Yrjö Väisälä tara ya na Turku Observatory na Southwest Finland, na 19 Febụwarị 1938, ma hụ ya aha onye nlekọta Mikael Agricola.

## Orbit na nkewa
Asteroid S-type bụ onye otu Ezin Flora, otu n'ime nnukwu m nke asteroids nkume na nnukwu belt.  Ọ na-agba gburugburu n'ime nnukwu belt dị n'ime na 1.9-2.6 AU otu ugboro n'ime afọ 3 na ụnwayọ 5 ọ alụla (1,238 ụbọchị).   Ọ na-agba nwere gburugburu eccentricity nke 0.15 na inclination nke 8 ° n'ihe gbasara ecliptic.

## Àgwà ya
Ntụgharị ọkụ ntụgharị nke enwetara site na nlebanya fotometric nke onye na-enyocha mbara igwe Czech Petr Pravec na Mee 2006, wepụtara oge nke awa 9 na nchapụta nchapụta nke 0.07 n'ogo (U=n/a).  (2.7 kilomita) na dayameta, elu ya nwekwara albedo dị elu nke 0.39, [1] [2] ebe Njikọ Asteroid Lightcurve Link na-ewere albedo etiti nke 0.24 - sitere na 8 Flora, onye kachasị na aha ezinụlọ nke orbital a - wee gbakọọ dayameta 5.4 km.

## Aha
A ike obere mbara ala a aha iji sọpụrụ onye àmà Finland Mikael Agricola (ihe dị ka 1510-1557), bishọp na onye nlekọta nke Finland, nke a na-akpọkarị "nna nke akwụkwọ Finnish".   Akwụkwọ mbụ ebụbụ n'asụsụ Finnish, ma àgwàa Agba Ọhụrụ n'asụsụ Finland.  Minor Planet Center sere aha aha ahụ na 27 June 1991 (M.P.C. 18450).

## Ihe edeturu

## Ihe odide

* Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB) , ụdị ajụjụ (info E debere na  Wayback Machine) 
* Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, akwụkwọ Google
* Asteroids na comets ntụgharị ntụgharị, CdR - Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
* Ọnọdụ nchọpụta: Obere mbara ala ndị nwere nọmba (1) - (5000) - Obere mbara igwe Center
* 
*
Se Wsi Testamenti

Se Wsi Testamenti (transl. ; Finnish nke oge a: Uusi testamentti) bụ mbụ mbụ nke Agba Ọha na Finnish;  esan ya na 1548. Ọ bụ Mikael Agricola, onye bụbu onye isi akwụkwọ Katidral nke Turku ma bụrụ Bishhọp nke Turku ikike ya.

A na-ewere ya dị ka ọrụ Agricola kachasị ama, e dechara ihe odide ahụ na 1543, mana a gbanwere ya ruo afọ ise ọzọ. Ọrụ ahụ dum were afọ iri na otu. *Agba Ọhụrụ*, nke e bipụtara na Stockholm na 1548, ka dabeere n'asụsụ Turku. 

## Ihe odide
Se Wsi Testamenti nwere peeji 718 na ọtụtụ ihe osise.  O okwu nwere mmetụta abụọ, nke bara uru na nke nkà pastọ.  N'okwuokwu Agricola na-enye ihe na-ahụ iji akara Turku ma na-ahụ etu Iso Ụzọ si bata na Finland.  N'okwu ọhụụ nke nkà , Agricola na-ekwu na-ekwu na ederede Grik nke Erasmus (nke ọ maara site n'oge ya na Melanchthon), nchịkọta Latin nke Erasmus nke Rotterdam, German nke Martin Luther, yana Bible Swedish nke Olaus Petri.[1]

## Ihe ndị e ji mara ya
Agricola kọwakwara otu o si jide ọtụtụ okwu ọhụrụ ma nwee ike na a ga-amasị ha ma jiri ha mee ihe (nke ha nwere, ọ bụ ebe na ụfọdụ n'ime ha, umu nke anụmanụ a na-ahụ omume na Finland, nke ọma mgbe ha zutere ezigbo anụmanụ ma ọ bụ ihe; dị ka jalopeura ma ọ bụ "noble deer" makam - nke a na-akpọ leijonali ogbu a, bụ́ nna na-akpọ leijonali ogbu a, bụ́ nke a na-akpọ leijona ugbu a.  nke a na-a na-akpọ strutsi ugbu a).  "Se" (n'ụzọ "nke ahụ") n'aha ahụ bụ akara ngosi doro anya (nke ya na "the" na Bekee);  Finnish nke oge a isiokwu.
thumb|Mikael Agricola

### Orthography
Akara mkpụrụ okwu nke akwụkwọ a bụ: 

* "v" was often written as "w" *wanha* 'old' (modern Finnish: vanha) or as "u" hyue 'good' (modern Finnish: hyvä)
* "d" was often written as "dh" and is the sound /ð/ *sydhen* 'heart' (modern Finnish: sydän)
* "ii" was written as "ij" *sijs* 'so' (modern Finnish: siis)
* "uo" was written as "o" or "oo" noori 'young' (modern Finnish: nuori)
* "ts" was written as "tz", and is pronounced as /θ/
* "ks" was written as "x"
* "k" was written as "c" before back vowels or as "q" before "u" *quin* 'as if' (modern Finnish: kuin)
* "ä" was often written as "e"  *ise* 'father' (modern Finnish: isä)
* "uu" was written as "w" *wsi* 'new' (modern Finnish: uusi), as in the title

## Hụkwa
 

* *[[Abckiria]]*
* Nsụgharị Bible gaa n'asụsụ Finnish

## Ihe odide

### Ọrụ ndị e depụtara

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* 
* 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ihe odide zuru ezu na Finnbible
* Facsimile dijitalụ na Doria
John Hart (onye na-ede mgbanwe)

John Hart (nwụrụ n'afọ 1574) bụ onye nkuzi Bekee, ọka akara akara, onye na-eme ihe na onye isi agha.  A maara nke ọma maka ngwaọrụ aro usoro maka Bekee, nke a na-ekiri dị ka "atụmatụ mbụme mbụ" n'Iche ihe mere nke eme nke mbụ Bekee.  Dị ka onye isi agha, John Hart nwere otu aha Chester Herald n'etiti afọ 1567 na 1574.

## Mgbanwe nke mkpụrụ okwu

### Mkpa akụkọ ihe mere eme
Ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ nke oge a etowo ọrụ Hart maka nyocha fonetiki ya nke ọma banyere Early Modern English nke oge ya, na maka nlezianya ya n'ịchụso ụkpụrụ phonetiki. Nkwurịta okwu ya banyere ịkpọpụta ụdaume na-adọrọ mmasị karịsịa nye ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke asụsụ Bekee, n'ihi na ọ na-edekọ asụsụ Bekee a na-asụ n'etiti oge Great Vowel Shift, nke n'oge Hart na-agbanwe usoro ụdaume nke Bekee. Ya mere, dịka ọmụmaatụ, Hart na-edepụta na ịkpọpụta okwu ndị nwere ogologo  ma gbanwee gaa na  na Bekee nke oge a ka na-agbanwe agbanwe n'oge ya, na ụfọdụ ndị na-ekwu okwu na-ejigide /iː / na okwu ụfọdụ, mana diphthong  (nke Hart sụgharịrị ei) bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na ndị ọzọ.

### Ihe Nlereanya
Akụkụ na-esonụ site na Hart's Orthographie, na mkpụrụ okwu mbụ ya, na-egosi usoro ahụ.  (N'ihi ihe ndị metụtara teknụzụ, akara ụdaume ọhụrụ isii nke Hart ejirila akara IPA nke oge a dochie anya ebe a.) 
 
center|thumb|

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga
 

* An Orthographie (1569) naEbe Ndebe Ihe Ochie n'Intanet
* A Methode or comfortable beginning for all unlearned (1570) naEbe Ndebe Ihe Ochie n'Intanet
Rigoberto

***Rigoberto*** bụ ihe nkiri na-atọ ọchị Argentine 1945 nke Luis Mottura duziri n'oge oge ochie nke sinima Argentine.

Nwoke na-etinye ego n'ichepụta enyi nke ụmụ nwanyị ezinụlọ ya kpuchiri ma na-achị ya.

## Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri
 

## Njikọ mpụga

*
Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Peeji ihu nke Die Afrikaanse Patriot, akwụkwọ akụkọ nke GRA bipụtara
Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners (Afrikaans maka "Society of True Afrikaners") ka e hiwere na 14 Ọgọst 1875 n'obodo Paarl site n'aka otu ndị na-asụ Afrikaans sitere na mpaghara Western Cape ugbu a. Site na 15 Jenụwarị 1876 ọha mmadụ bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ na Afrikaans akpọrọ Die Afrikaanse Patriot ("The Afrikaans Patriot") yana ọtụtụ akwụkwọ, gụnyere ụtọ asụsụ, akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu, ihe okpukperechi na akụkọ ihe mere eme. Die Afrikaanse Patriot nọchiri anya na 1905 site na akwụkwọ akụkọ Paarl taa.

A na-ewerekarị Arnoldus Pannevis, onye nkuzi, dị ka nna ime mmụọ nke ọha mmadụ. Ọ chọpụtala na ọtụtụ ndị South Africa sitere na Dutch enweghịzi ike ịsụ ụdị “dị ọcha” nke asụsụ ala nna ha ọzọ. N'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme ya (mgbe ahụ) afọ 200, a gbanwere asụsụ ndị si Netherlands kwabatara nke ọma site na mmetụta nke ndị ọzọ kwabatara Europe, ebo ụmụ amaala dị ka Khoikhoi, na karịsịa Cape Malays. Na 1874 Pannevis kwupụtara echiche ndị a na akwụkwọ akụkọ de Zuid-Afrikaan n'okpuru isiokwu "*Is die Afferkaans wesenlijk een taal?"*[a]

Ndị otu asatọ guzobere ya bụ Gideon Malherbe, onye Dutch si mba ọzọ bụ CP Hoogenhout, DF du ToitAF (nke a na-akpọ *Dokter*, ya bụ "Dọkịta"), onye nta akụkọ aha ya bụ Daniel Francois du Toit AF (nke a kpọrọ *Oom Lokomotief*, ya bụ, "Uncle Locomotive"), nwanne ya nwoke Rev SJ du Toit, August Ahrbeck, Petrus Malherbe na SG du Toit. Onye ọ bụla ma e wezụga Hoogenhout na Ahrbeck nwere njikọ. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ Ndi Huguenot

Na 14 Ọgọst 1975 ka e meghere ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Afrịka n'ụlọ mbụ nke Gideon Malherbe dị na Paarl, ụlọ nke e hiwere Society na ya. E meghekwara ihe ncheta asụsụ Afrikaans na Paarl na 1975, na-echeta ncheta afọ 100 nke ntọala Society.

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie na Ihe Ncheta Afrikaans
Annabella

**Annabella**, **Anabella**, ma ọ bụ **Anabela** bụ aha e nyere nwanyị. Ndị ama ama nwere aha gụnyere:

* Annabella nke Scotland (ihe dị ka 1433–1509), ada nke Eze James Mbụ
* Annabella (onye na-eme ihe nkiri) (1907-1996), aha ogbo nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri French Suzanne Georgette Charpentier
* Anabela Atijas (amụrụ 1975), onye na-agụ egwú Serbian nke a maara nke ọma dị ka Anabela
* Anabela Basalo (amụrụ 1972), onye edemede Serbia
* Anabela Braz Pires (amụrụ 1976), onye ọbụ abụ Portuguese mara aha ya dị ka Anabela
* Anabella Castro, onye nlereanya Colombia
* Anabela Cossa (amụrụ 1986), onye egwuregwu bọọlụ Mozambique
* Anabela Đogani (amụrụ 1975), onye na-abụ abụ Bosnian-Serbian
* Anabella Drummond (c. 1350–1401), Queen Consort nke Scotland
* Annabella Lwin, (amụrụ 1966) Anglo-Burmese onye na-abụ abụ nke Bow Wow Wow onye na-edekọ mgbe ụfọdụ n'okpuru aha "Annabella"
* Annabella Piugattuk (amụrụ 1982), onye na-eme ihe nkiri Canada
* Anabela Miranda Rodrigues (amụrụ 1954), onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Portugal 
* Annabella Sciorra (amụrụ 1964), onye America na-eme ihe nkiri
* Bella Thorne (amuru 1997a-eme ihe nkiri, onye na-agba egwu, onye na'agụ egwu na onye na-ese ihe nlereanya

## Hụkwa

* Annabel (disambiguation) 
* Bella (disambiguation)
Ifan ab Owen Edwards

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|341x341px|Ihe oyiyi nke Jonah Jones nke Owen Morgan Edwards na Ifan ab Owen Edwards na Llanuwchllyn
**Sir Ifan ab Owen Edwards** (25 Julaị 1895 - 23 Jenụwarị 1970)  bụ onye agụmakwụkwọ Welsh, onye edemede na onye na-eme ihe nkiri, nke a kacha mara amara dị ka onye guzobere Urdd Gobaith Cymru, Njikọ Welsh nke Ndị ntorobịa. 

A mụrụ ya na Tremaran, Llanuwchllyn, Merionethshire, nwa Sir Owen Morgan Edwards, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Bala Grammar School na Mahadum Wales, Aberystwyth. Mgbe ọ rụchara ọrụ agha na Royal Army Service Corps na Western Front n'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Lincoln College, Oxford, na-enweta akara ugo mmụta na akụkọ ihe mere eme. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi na onye nkuzi site na 1920 ruo 1948, mgbe ọ hapụrụ ọrụ ahụ iji lekwasị anya n'ọrụ ya maka Urdd.

N'afọ 1922, Edwards degaara akwụkwọ ozi na akwụkwọ akụkọ Cymru'r Plant, nke dugara na ntọala nke Urdd, e mekwara ogige ntụrụndụ Urdd mbụ na Llanuwchllyn n'afọ 1928, n'okpuru nduzi ya. E hiwere alaka mbụ nke Urdd na Treuddyn. O ji nwayọọ nwayọọ soro ogige ndị ọzọ na-adịgide adịgide na ebe obibi. Na mmekorita ya na J. Ellis Williams, o mere ihe nkiri ụdaolu mbụ nke Asụsụ Welsh, The Quarryman . N'afọ 1947, e mere ya knight iji kwado ọrụ ntorobịa ya, Alfred Janes sere onyinyo ya n'afọ 1956. Ọ bụ onye nduzi nke Television Wales na West ma gbaa ume ime ihe omume telivishọn na Welsh. Nwa ya nwoke, Owen Edwards, ga-abụ onye isi oche mbụ nke S4C.

## Ọrụ

* *Ndepụta nke usoro Star Chamber metụtara Wales* (1929) (ed.) 
* *Yr Urdd 1922-43* (1943) 
* *Clych Atgof* (1921) (nke edere nke akụkọ ndụ nna ya) 

## Isi mmalite

# Mary Auronwy James. "Edwards, Sir Ifan ab Owen (1895-1970), onye nkuzi nchoputa nke Urdd Gobaith Cymru". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. Eweputara 4 Febuwari 2020.
# Meic Stephens (April 1986). onye Oxford ibe akwụkwọ nke Wales. Oxford University Press. p. 93.
Ffred Ffransis

**Ffred Ffransis** (onye amụrụ **Frederick Sefton Francis**, 14  Juunu 1948), bụ onye otu ama ama na Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg (The Welsh Language Society).

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ ya na Colwyn Bay, mana o biri na Rhyl maka ihe ka ukwuu n'oge ọ bụ nwata. Nwa nke nne na nna na-asụ Bekee Marjorie Francis na Frederick Francis, ọ mụtara isi Welsh na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ma bụrụ onye na-asọpụta nke ọma n'oge ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ na Mahadum Wales, Aberystwyth.

Ọ malitere itinye aka na asụsụ Welsh, wee ghọọ onye na-ahụ maka asụsụ Welsh. Ọ nọrọ ọtụtụ ikpe n'ụlọ mkpọrọ maka isonye n'ihe omume na-abụghị nke ime ihe ike  n'aha Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg .

Ọ lụrụ Meinir Ffransis, nwa nwanyị Gwynfor Evans, onye omeiwu mbụ nke Plaid Cymru, ma nwee ụmụ asaa - Lleucu Meinir, Carys Llywelyn, Angharad Clwyd, Hedd Gwynfor, Gwenno Teifi, Siriol Teifi na Ioan Teifi.

Ọ bụ onye a ma ama na-akwado klọb bọọlụ Rhyl F.C.

## Ntụaka

# Osmond, John (1977).  Esemokwu okike: ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke nnyefe welsh. p. 111. 
# "3 Lle, TV". tv24.co.uk. eweputara 31 Julai 2021.
Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ugwu Follick

thumb|Mont Follick MP maka Loughborough 1945-1955
Montefiore Follick (31 Disemba 1887[1] - 10 Disemba 1958[2]) bụ onye ọkụ ọkụ nke British Labor Party, onye na-eme ihe maka Mgbanwe mgbanwe Okwu, polyglot na onye na-akwado ego iri.  Ọ bụ Onye omeiwu (MP) maka Loughborough site na 1945 ruo 1955, ebe ọ bụ na ọ bụ Prọfesọ nke Bekee na Mahadum Madrid na Spain.[3]  Ndị Loughborough Labor Party nabatara ya na 1936 dị ka onye ga-abụ onye omeiwu mana ọ chere ogologo oge n'ihi afọ agha tupu a họpụta ya.  N'afọ 1949 na ụzo n'afọ 1952, o webatara iwu ndị otu onwe ha na ndị omeiwu UK maka ịrụ nke amụ okwu Bekee.  Ọzụkwara ụlọ elu nke Loughborough Labor Party ugbu a na 1947. 

Akwụkwọ Follick na Cardiff ma akwụkwọ na Sorbonne, Halle (Dr Phil) na Padua.  Ezinrọ ya bụ Ndị Juu, a ndabere ya aha Sir Moses Montefiore.[1]  Ọ bụ ọrụ dị ka ike Aga Khan, Sir Robert Philp (Premier of Queensland) na Mulay Hafid (Sultan of Morocco).  O guzoro n'ihe ịga nke ọma maka ndị omeiwu nke Ashford (1929), East Surrey (1931) na Fulham West (1935) tupu ọ nwee ihe ịga nke a na-akpọ Loughborough na 1945. 

Follick bụkwa onye nna na onye nwe Regent School of Languages ​​(nke ndị iro bibiri, mana ugbu a bụ nke Mahadum Westminster).  Mgbe ọ nwụrụ, o nyere nnukwu ego nke ọrụ a ikike iji ma nye oche prọfesọ nke Comparative Philology "nke ike ike (ọ bụghị nkuzi nke ịgụ) kwesiri ịbụ isi".[1]  Mahadum Manchester mechara nabata ihe nketa ahụ, oche nwere aha Follick ka dị.

Akwụkwọ ya gụnyere The Adam's Lottery, 1919; Influence of English, 1934; Facing Facts, 1935; Efforts of Chance, 1938; English Grammar for Foreigners, mbipụta 11; na The Twelve Republics, 1952.  N'akwụkwọ ya "Facing Facts", (nke malitere na 1932) Follick buru amụma n'ụzọ ziri ezi banyere mwakpo nke Germany na mwakpo ndị Japan wakporo China. Akwụkwọ ahụ malitere na okwu "Beware Europe" ma mechie na "A dọọrọ gị aka ná ntị". Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons bipụtara The Case for Spelling Reform mgbe ọ nwụsịrị na 1965; na p. v bụ ahịrịokwu "Nye ụmụ akwụkwọ nke Britain mkpụrụ akwụkwọ na-agbanwe agbanwe; Maka mba ụwa asụsụ mba ụwa".

Follick bụ onye òtù Fabian Society, na onye otu Royal Geographical Society, na nke Royal Society of Arts.  Ọ bụkwa onye ikike ma ikike nke usoro Geodok nke nkuzi ala. 

## Asụsụ a tụrụ aro ya
Nkọwa Bekee nke Follick chepụtara wepụrụ q, x na y, ka ọ na-enye mkpụrụedemede niile fọdụrụnụ uru ụda ha kachasị mma na Bekee ma na-agbakwunye ojiji a na-ejikarị digraphs dh na zh, yana trigraph tsh.

### Iwu
Usoro Follick bụ phonemic kpamkpam ruo n'ókè nke iji '-t' maka '-ed' ọdịnala mgbe a na-ekwughị ya (dị ka na 'poazt'), na '-d' mgbe a na'ekwughị ya.

### Nkwekọrịta ụda na mkpụrụedemede

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Hansard1803–2005:onyinye na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu site na Mont Follick
* Mont Follick Papers na Mahadum nke Manchester Library.
* Ihe Ndị Na-akpata Mgbanwe Asụsụ
Alexander Gill Onye Ukwu

Alexander Gil the Elder (7 Febụwarị 1565 - 17 Nọvemba 1635), nke a na-akpọkwa Gil, bụ onye akwụkwọ Bekee, onye na-eme eme, na onye nkuzi nke St Paul's School, ebe ụmụ akwụkwọ ya akwụkwọ John Milton.  Ọ bụ onye dere akara Bekee, nke edere, Otú ọ dị, na Latin.

## Ndụ
Ụlọ akwụkwọ ya na Lincolnshire na 7 Febụwarị 1565, nabata ya dị ka onye akwụkwọ ozi nke Corpus Christi College, Oxford, na September 1583, wee sị B.A.  na 1586 na MA na 1589. Wood mụrụ na ọ bụ onye nkuzi ụlọ akwụkwọ na Norwich, ebe ọ bi na 1597. Na 10 Machị 1607-8 a nyocha ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ St.  Milton so n'ụmụ akwụkwọ ya site na 1620 ruo 1625. entry "GILL, ALEXANDER, the elder"

O nwere ụmụ nwoke abụọ, George na Alexander (b. 1597), na nwa nwanyị, Annah. George Gill ga-emesị bụrụ onye a họpụtara.

N'afọ 1628, a rin ka nwa ya nwoke Alexander na- ወር na-eme ka John Felton, onye mara George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham mma.  Buckingham bụ onye Eze Charles nke Mbụ kacha hụ n'anya, mana nsogbu na eze sere ya.  A na-eto Felton n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka dike maka igbu ya.  [1] A mara Gill the Younger ikpe ka e gosipụtara ntĩ ma ngosi ya £ 2,000.  Otú ọ dị, nna ya mgbasa aka na William Laud.  Mgbakwunye a mere ka nke nke Star Chamber.[2]  Alexander Gill the Younger ga-emesị onye ọkàዕድ a ma ama n'onwe ya.

Gill the Elder nwụrụ n'ụlọ ya na St. Paul's Churchyard na 17 Nọvemba 1635, e lie ya na 20 Nọvember na Mercers' Chapel. Nwunye ya, Elizabeth, hapụrụ ya. entry "GILL, ALEXANDER, the elder"

### Asụsụ
Logonomia Anglica, qua gentis sermo facilius addiscitur, London, nke John Beale, 1619, 2nd edizi.  1621, bụ akara akara Bekee ya raara nye akwụkwọ James I. Gill, nke e dere na Latin, na-amalite na aro maka usoro ịgbaume nke mgbaokwu Bekee (lee n'okpuru).  Na ngalaba ya metụtara na okwu Gill hotara Edmund Spenser, George Wither, Samuel Daniel, na ndị ọzọ na-ede uri Bekee.[1]  Ọ bụ ihe zuru oke ọrụ ndị gara aga, ma leiche anya na nhazi okwu na prosody.[2]  Otto Luitpold Jiriczek akara na 1903;  e eserese facsimile nke akara 1619 na 1972.

#### Asụsụ Phonetic
Tebụl na-esonụ na-akọwa usoro Gill na-atụ aro maka mkpụrụ okwu: 

A na-asụpụta 'ü' okw**u** ikpeazụ 'u' mgbe ụfọdụ, dịka na 'tu chanʒ'.

### Akwụkwọ nkà mmụta okpukpe
Gil bipụtara akwụkwọ nkà mmụta okpukpe abụọ:

* A Treatise concerning the Trinitie of Persons in Unitie of the Deitie (e dere na Norwich na 1597), London, 1601; bipụtara ọzọ na 1635. Nke a bụ nke e degaara Thomas Mannering, onye a kọwara dị ka onye Anabaptist.
* *Nkà ihe ọmụma Dị Nsọ nke Akwụkwọ Nsọ*, London, 1635, nkọwa banyere nkwenkwe ndịozi. 

Ọrụ ọzọ, nke a kpọtụrụ aha na Gil's Sacred Philosophie dị ka "[nke abụọ nke Logonomia nke m na-akpọ Logicke", furu efu.[t] Dị ka Gil si kwuo, ọ "bụ nke a na-eme iji bụrụ onye enyemaka nye ha nke chọrọ enyemaka maka nghọta nke [Sacred Philosophie]". Ọrụ ahụ nke, n'agbanyeghị aha ya, dị iche na *Logonomia Anglica*, ma eleghị anya sitere n'oge dị n'etiti mbipụta nke abụọ nke *Logonomia Anglica* (1621) na Sacred Philosophie . 

## Ihe edeturu

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
*
Asụsụ Juhaan

Jul'hoan a makwaara dị ka ndịda ma ọ bụ ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ ǃKung ma ọ bụ ǃXun, bụ ụdị ndịda dị iche iche nke ǃKung dialect continuum, nke San Bushmen na-asụ na ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Namibia na Northwest District nke Botswana nke San Bushmen na-akọwapụta onwe ha dị ka Juǀʼhoansi.  A na-amata ọtụtụ olumba mpaghara: Epukiro, Tsumǃkwe, Rundu, Omatako na ǂKxʼauǁʼein, ebe Tsumǃkwe bụ onye a kọwara nke ọma na-ewerekarị dị ka onye nnọchiteanya.

## Aha
A na-asụgharịkwa aha ahụ *Juǀʼhoan* (na ọtụtụ: *Juǀʼhoansi* ) *Žuǀʼhõa* – ma ọ bụ mgbe ụfọdụ *Zhuǀʼhõa* ma ọ bụ *Dzuǀʼhõa*, dabere n’ọkpụkpụ. Dabere na nhazi ọkwa, a na-ewere ya dị ka ụdị ndịda ma ọ bụ ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ụyọkọ asụsụ ǃKung (a sụgharịkwara *ǃXun* ). O nwere ike si otú a na-akpọ ya *Southern ǃKung*, *Southeast ǃXun*, wdg *Juǀʼhoan* dabeere na okwu  'ndị mmadụ', nke etinyekwara aka na ụyọkọ asụsụ. (lee asụsụ ǃKung maka ụdị aha ndị ahụ).

## fonology

### Udaume

* Mgbe ụdaume n'ihu /e/ ma ọ bụ /i/ na-esote consonant nwere mgbochi ụdaume azụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ ịpịnye na uvular articulation), a na-etinye [ə] n'ihu ụdaume n'ihu, edere 'a' n'ọkpụkpụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mi |'ae (onwe m) na-agụ /mi |'əe/.
* Enwere ike ịghọta diphthong /oa/ ka [wa].

Ihe odide nke oge a (1994) nwekwara *ih, eh, ah, oh, uh* maka ume ume (ụdaume) na *ihn, ahn, ohn, uhn* maka ụdaume ume ume. Otú ọ dị, Snyman na-ekwusi ike na ndị a bụ mgbanwe ọnọdụ nke ụdaume dị ala, na ọ dịghị mkpa n'ime akwụkwọ edemede (opekata mpe, ọ bụghị ma ọ bụrụ na akara ụda). A na-eji ụda mkpọda dee ụdaume ndị Glottalized n'ọkpụkpụ atọ ahụ.

## Ụtọ asụsụ
Isi mmalite: Dickens (2009).

Juǀ'hoan na-anọpụ iche, ịbụ asụsụ na-egosi efu na nkebiokwu na nkebiokwu aha. Usoro usoro bụ SVO.

### Aha na nnọchiaha
A na-achịkọta aha aha n'ime klaasị aha dabere na agụụ na ụdị, ebe klaasị ọ bụla nwere nnochiaha-nhazi. A na-emepụta ọtụtụ ihe site na mbịpụta nke  ma ọ bụ  ma ọ bụ na-enweghị mgbanwe,  . Ọtụtụ aha na-enwe ọtụtụ ọnụọgụgụ oge, dị ka  ( *onye*, plural  ).

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, aha , "nkịta", bụ nke klaasị 2, enwere ike ịkpọ ya na nnọchiaha , ebe , "oké ọhịa", bụ nke klas 5, nke nwere  dị ka nnọchiaha ya kwekọrọ.

Klas aha na nnọchiaha aha ha bụ ndị a:

#### Nkpọaha
Nnọchiaha onwe onye na ngosipụta bụ:

## Okwu na akpaokwu nkịtị

*  – Good day
*  – Good morning
*  – Good evening
*  - Good afternoon
*  – How are you?
*  – Goodbye
*  – person
*  – people
* ,  – water
*  – Bon voyage

## Ihe atụ ederede
Ndị a bụ ụfọdụ ederede n'asụsụ Juǀʼhoan.  
     

## Ihe nkiri

* 1980 - *Chi ga-abụ onye ara*
* 1980 – *[[N'ihi ya, akụkọ banyere nwanyị a na-akpọ Kung|Nǃai, Akụkọ nke nwanyị Kung]]*
* 2003 - *Njem nke Mmadụ*

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ

* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Jupụta akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu bụ isi na Global Lexicostatistic Database
Asụsụ Mande nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ

Asụsụ Mande nke Ọwụwa nhazi (nke a na-akpọ Eastern Eastern Mande nke Kastenholz, na Niger–Volta nke Schreiber [1] na nke a dị ka ọnwụ Bisa–Busa ) bụ ngalaba nke aha Mande a na-asụ na mpaghara asaa: northwest Burkina Faso, mpaghara ugwu nke ugwu Benin na Nigeria, na otu egwuregwu, Bissa, nke a na- a Mali na Mali .

## Asụsụ ndị otu

* Bissa, nke a na-asụ na Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, na Ivory Coast
* Boko nke Benin na Naijiria
* Busa nke Nigeria na Benin
* Bokobaru nke Nigeria
* Asụsụ Samo (Sane, San, Sa) nke Burkina Faso na Mali
* Shanga, nke a na-asụ na Nigeria
* Tyenga (Kyenga), a na-asụ na Benin na Nigeria.

## Nhazi
Nkewa ime ime ndị sitere na Dwyer (1989, 1996), dị ka eze ozi na Williamson & Blench 2000. Vydrin (2009) ebe San (Samo) na Bisa. 

## Hụkwa

*  (Wiktionary)

## Ntụaka
Asụsụ Bobo

**Asụsụ Bobo** bụ asụsụ Mande nke Burkina Faso na Mali ; Akpọrọ aha obodo Bobo Dioulasso nke dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ maka ndị Bobo . Ọ nwere olumba ndịda na ugwu. A na-akpọkwa olumba ugwu dị ka Konabéré. Northern na Southern Bobo na-ekerịta naanị 20%-30% nghọta dị ka *Ethnologue* si kwuo, na ụkpụrụ ahụ ka a na-ewere dị ka asụsụ dị iche iche.

A na-eji okwu *Bobo Fing* 'Black Bobo' na *Bobo Madaré* mata ọdịiche dị na *[[Asụsụ Bomu|Bobo Gbe]]* 'White Bobo' na *[[Asụsụ Bwa|Bobo Oule]]* 'Red Bobo' nke Burkina.

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Bobo na Global Lexicostatistical Database
Asụsụ Azer

**Azer** ma ọ bụ **Azayr** bụ asụsụ nke asụsụ Soninke na-asụkarị ma ọ bụ kpochapụ kpamkpam, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] jikọtara ya na Berber na Hassaniya Arabic, nke a na-asụbu na Mauritania na ugwu Mali .  

## Akụkọ na nkesa
Azer bilitere dị ka asụsụ asụsụ maka ahia n'ofe Sahel, ngwakọta dị n'etiti Soninke na Berber, nke a na-asụ n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ụlọ ahịa nnu nke Ouadane, Tinigi, Chinguetti, Tichit, Oualata na Aoudaghost . A na-ekwu na aha a sitere na okwu Berber 'El Answar', aha ha maka Guiriganke ma ọ bụ otu Soninke metụtara ndị tọrọ ntọala obodo ndị a. Ojiji Azer ji nke nta nke nta na-agbada malite na narị afọ nke 16 ka Berber na Hassaniya nọchiri ya. 

Heinrich Barth chịkọtara ma mụọ ihe ndị a na narị afọ nke 19, Diego Brosset na 1930–1931 na Théodore Monod na 1934.

Ụfọdụ obodo Berber na Nemadi na Adrar Plateau, Araouane, Oualata, Néma na Taoudenni kwuru okwu Azer nke ọma n'ime narị afọ nke 20. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] Asụsụ na-adị ndụ taa ka ukwuu n'ebe aha dị ka Chinguetti, nke pụtara 'isi iyi nke ịnyịnya'. [ 9 ] [ 2 ]

## Ihe ndetu

## Isi mmalite

* 
* 
* 
*
Asụsụ Boko

**Boko**, ma ọ bụ **Boo**, bụ asụsụ Mande nke Benin na Nigeria .

## Aha
**Boko** bụ aha a kacha mara amara n'asụsụ a, mana a na-akpọkwa ya **Boo** ma ọ bụ site na Hausa exonym **Busanci** (nke a na-akpọkwa **Busanchi**, **Bussanci** ma ọ bụ **Bussanchi** ).

Ndị Boko bụ otu n'ime otu abụọ nke ndị Bissa, nke ọzọ bụ ndị Busa, na-asụ asụsụ Busa . Ha abụghị otu agbụrụ kama otu obere. Ha bụ ndị agbata obi ndị Bariba, ndị na-asụ asụsụ Bariba, asụsụ Gur . Ndị Bissa kwesịrị ekwesị na-asụ asụsụ Bissa, nke nwere njikọ chiri anya na Boko.

## Nkesa ala

### Nigeria
Na Naijiria, a na-asụ Boko na Borgu LGA nke Niger State, na Bagudo LGA nke Kebbi State, na Baruten LGA nke Kwara steeti . Ọtụtụ ndị Boko akwagala n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke Nigeria, gụnyere Abuja . A na-akpọ ndị Boko **Bussawa** na Hausa.

### Benin
Na Benin, a na-asụ Boko na ngalaba Alibori na Borgou ( Segbana na Kalalé Comunes).

## Nhazi
Asụsụ Boko bụ asụsụ Mande kacha biri na Benin. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke Eastern Mande, nke gụnyekwara ọtụtụ asụsụ ndị ọzọ a na-asụ n'ofe Osimiri Volta na Alaeze Borgu, gụnyere Busa, Bissa, Samo, na Bokobaru .

Ndị na-asụ Boko na-asụkwa Busa, Bariba, Dendi, Hausa, Yoruba, Fulfulde, French, na Bekee .

## Ọkpụkpụ
Asụsụ Boko nwere mkpụrụedemede 25 (Aa, Bb, Dd, Ee, Ɛɛ, Ff, Gg, Gb gb, Ii, Kk, Kp kp, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Ɔɔ, Pp, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Yy, Zz).

A na-eji ụda olu nwere akara ụda dị elu yana ụda olu dị ala nwere ụda olu .

## Ntụaka

Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations
Asụsụ Mescalero-Chiricahua

**Mescalero-Chiricahua** (nke a makwaara dị ka **Chiricahua Apache** ) bụ asụsụ ndịda Athabaskan nke ndị Chiricahua na ndị Mescalero na-asụ na Chihuahua na Sonora, México na Oklahoma na New Mexico .  Ọ metụtara Navajo na Western Apache na onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ anthropological Harry Hoijer (1904–1976) kọwara ya nke ọma na Hoijer & Opler (1938) na Hoijer (1946). Hoijer & Opler's *Chiricahua na Mescalero Apache Texts*, gụnyere ihe osise grammatical na akụkọ ọdịnala okpukpe na nke ụwa, agbanweela ka ọ bụrụ "akwụkwọ" dị n'ịntanetị dị na Mahadum Virginia.

Virginia Klinekole, onye isi nwanyị mbụ nke Mescalero Apache Tribe, mara maka mbọ ya ichekwa asụsụ ahụ. 

Enwere opekata mpe otu ụlọ akwụkwọ imikpu asụsụ maka ụmụaka na Mescalero. 

## fonology

### Consonants
Chiricahua nwere consonants 31:

### Udaume
Chiricahua nwere ụdaume iri na isii:

## Ntụaka

## Isi mmalite
 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ederede Apache Chiricahua na Mescalero
* Ngwa OLAC na gbasara asụsụ Mescalero-Chiricahua Apache
* 
* 
*
Asụsụ Ndunga

**Ndunga** (Bondonga, Modunga, Mondugu, Mondunga) bụ asụsụ Ubangian a na-asụ n'ime obodo 8 dị na Lisala Territory na Mongala Province, DR Congo ( Ethnologue, 22nd ed.).

## Ntụaka
Lisala Territory
Asụsụ Dong (Nigeria)

**Dong**, ma ọ bụ **Donga**, bụ ahia ede akara nke ọma na Naijiria .  Ọ bụ ebe na o doro anya na Niger–Congo, ọ na-siri ike ike;  Ọka njọ Britain bụ Roger Blench Ụdị aro na ọ bụ otu n'ime nhọrọ Dakoid, nke kacha nso na Gaa .

## Ntụaka

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ

* Blench, Roger (nd) 'Asụsụ Dɔ̃ (Dong) na mmekọ ya'. Nwada ekesara na *27th Colloquium on African Languages and Linguistics*, Leiden, 1994.
* Blench, Roger (2008) 'Prospecting proto-Plateau' . Ihe odide.
* Blench, Roger (2011) 'Ndị otu na n'ime usoro nke Bantoid na ókè-ala na Bantu' . *Bantu IV*, Mahadum Humboldt, Berlin.
Asụsụ Bangba

**Bangba** (Abangba) bụ obere asụsụ Ubangian nke DRC Congo. Ọ dịghị nso n'asụsụ Ngbaka Eastern ndị ọzọ maka nghọtarịta .

## Ntụaka
Roparz Hemon

**Louis-Paul Némo** (18 Nọvemba 1900 – 29 June 1978), onye eji pseudonym **Roparz Hemon** mara nke ọma, bụ onye edemede Breton na ọkà mmụta okwu Breton . Ọ bụ onye dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu, ụtọasụsụ, uri na akụkọ mkpirisi. Ọ tọrọ ntọala *Gwalarn*, akwụkwọ edemede na Breton ebe ọtụtụ ndị na-eto eto na-ede akwụkwọ na-ebipụta akwụkwọ mbụ ha n'oge afọ 1920s na afọ 1930s.

## Ndụ na ọrụ
N' ụzọ ịtụnanya, Roparz Hemon, onye a mụrụ dị ka Louis Nemo na Brest, abụghị onye na-asụ asụsụ Breton . 

A mụrụ nna ya bu Eugène Nemo n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị, mana nna mụrụ ya ji ezi uche nye ya, wee bụrụ ma onye injinia na-arụ ọrụ na onye isi na ndị agha mmiri France . Nne ya Julie Foricher, bụ onye nkuzi ụlọ akwụkwọ nke ụmụ nwanyị. Ọ bụ ezie na nne na nna ya ochie Hemon bụ ndị na-asụ asụsụ Breton, ha abụọ ahọrọla ịsụ naanị French na ụmụ ha na ụmụ ụmụ ha. Ka ọ na-erule oge ọmụmụ Hemon na ụbọchị 18 ọnwa Nọvemba, afọ 1900, ezinụlọ ahụ bụ ndị klas nke dị elu. 

N'agbanyeghị ihe mkpagbu okpukpe nke Affaire des Fiches, ezinụlọ Nemo nọgidere na-eme ndị Katọlik ma gaa Breton Pardons omenala, karịsịa ndị dị na Le Folgoët na Locronan . Nwanne nwanyị Hemon mechara cheta na nwanne ya nwoke nwere nnukwu obi ụtọ ịnụ okwuchukwu na ukwe Breton, nke ọ nọ na-agbalị ịgụgharị ma emechaa, n'agbanyeghị na ọ ghọtaghị ha. 

Hemon jere ozi na nke ndị agha France na mbido Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, bụ ebe e merụrụ ya ahụ ma jide ya n'aka ndị Germany.

Ilaa azụ na Brest n' ọnwa August afọ 1940, ọ laghachiri na-ebipụta *Gwalarn* . Na ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 1940 &#x5D; ** &#x5B; ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi mmemme na *Radio Roazhon-Breizh*, mgbasa ozi asụsụ Breton kwa izu nke *Propagandastaffel* hibere.  Site n' afọ 1941, ọ na-eduzi akwụkwọ *Arvor* kwa izu. N'October afọ 1942, Leo Weisgerber họpụtara Hemon ka ọ nyere aka chọta "Celtic Institute of Brittany". Hemon rụrụ ndị Germany ọrụ ndị ọzọ, dị ka inye aka n'ịchịkọta faịlụ megide *préfet* Ripert.

Na nwere onwe, Hemon gbagara na  Nazi Germany, ebe a tụrụ ya n'ime mkpọrọ. Mgbe otu afọ mkpọrọ gasịrị, ndị French Republic nke anọ mara ya ikpe maka afọ iri nke ana akpo " Degradation nationale " maka mmejọ nke " Indignité nationale ".  Ya mere, o kpebiri ịga biri n'ala ọzọ na Ireland . Ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ebe ahụ maka Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies .  Ọ gaghị alaghachi Brittany ma ọlị. N'agbanyeghị ihe a niile, ọ kwụsịghị ịrụ ọrụ maka ntụgharị asụsụ Breton, wee dee dịka ọmụmaatụ *A Historical Morphology and Syntax of Breton* n' afọ 1975. O kere akwụkwọ akụkọ *Ar Bed Keltiek* nke yiri *Kannadig Gwalarn* ma ọ bụ *Arvor* . Ọ nwụrụ n' afọ 1978 wee lie ya na Brest.

## Mwakpo awakporo aha ya
Aha Hemon dị ka ọkà mmụta mere ka a kpọọ ụlọ ọrụ dị na Brittany aha ya. N'afọ 2000 esemokwu bilitere na nke a, dịka ọrụ Hemon dị ka onye na-emekọ ihe n'oge ọrụ a na-enyocha ma kwusaa ya. Ụfọdụ n'ime okwu ya ndị o kwuru n'oge ahụ agbaghaghịkwa, ọkachasị echiche ndị France na-emegide ndị e kwupụtara na *Ni hon unan* . N'ihi nke a, ụlọ akwụkwọ Breton-medium, ma ọ bụ Diwan di na Le Relecq-Kerhuon, na ndị etiti omenala nke Guingamp, bụ nke a na-akpọ aha Hemon, aghaghị ịgbanwe aha.

## Ntụaka
Micurà de Rü

**Micurà de Rü**, muru **Nikolaus Bacher** (San Cassiano, Badia, ọnwa Disemba 4, afọ 1789 – Wilten, ọnwa Maachị 29, afọ 1847), bụ onye ụkọchukwu Ladin nke Ọstrịa na-asụ Katolik na-asụ asụsụ kacha mara amara maka ihe odide ya na asụsụ Ladin.

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ ya dị ka Nikolaus Bacher na vila Rü dị na San Ćiascian, ugbu a  bu akụkụ nke Badia, South Tyrol .

Ibia bụ onye sitere na ezinụlọ Ladin, onye ikpeazụ n’ime ụmụ anọ, ọ mụtara nkà mmụta okpukpe ma chie ya echichi dịka onye ụkọchukwu na Salzburg na Ọgọst 28, afọ 1814. Ọ bụ onye ụkọchukwu yana onye nkuzi na Scuola Militare na Milan. Ọ bụkwa onye nkuzi Ịtali na Mahadum Innsbruck .

N'ịbụ ihe jikọtara ike na mmalite ya, o dere, n'afọ 1833, akwụkwọ mbụ ya nke asụsụ Ladin, *Versuch einer deütsch-ladinischen Sprachlehre* ("Mgbalị ịchịkọta German-Ladin Grammar"), nke e dere n'ebumnobi iji jikọta olumba dị iche iche nke Valleys South Tyrol . Ọ bịanyere aka na aha ya dị ka "Micurà de Rü", "Micurà" ịbụ Ladin na-akpọ Nikolaus ma ọ bụ Nicolò, na Rü bụ ebe amụrụ ya.

Ndi Istitut Ladin Micurà de Rü, ụlọ ọrụ tọrọ ntọala n' afọ 1976 na San Martin de Tor maka ọmụmụ ihe, ịkụ ihe, na nkwalite asụsụ Ladin, akụkọ ihe mere eme na omenala aha ya. 

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

## Ntụaka