open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
C. H. E. Haspels

thumb|Emilie Haspels (1948)
**Caroline Henriette Emilie Haspels** (15 Septemba 1894, Colmschate - 25 Disemba 1980, Chapelle aan den IJssel) bụ onye ọkà mmụta oge ochie Dutch.

## Ndụ
Emilie Haspels bụ ada George Frans Haspels. Akwụkwọ ya na 1936 Attic Black Figured-Lekythoi, dabere na ọrụ ya na Mahadum Utrecht, ka bụ ọkọlọtọ na lekythoi kemgbe ebipụtara ya. Haspels bụ onye mbụ kwuru na lekythoi nwere oji emepụtara na Athens n'etiti ca. 560 na 470 BC, nke ka ukwuu maka ili, nye ndị na-ese ihe na ihe omumu ihe.

Site na 1937 ruo 1939, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na-egwupụta ihe na Midas City na Yazılıkaya, Eskişehir. N'ịbụ onye ntiwapụ nke agha juru ya anya, ọ pụghị ịlaghachi Europe wee nọrọ na Istanbul, bụ ebe ọ kụziiri ihe na Mahadum Istanbul. Site na 1946 ruo 1965, ọ bụ Prọfesọ nke Classical Archaeology na Mahadum Amsterdam. N'afọ 1960, ọ ghọrọ onye otu Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences 
Faịlụ:Emilie_Haspels_-_Phrygie_-_title_page.jpg|alt=La cité de Midas : céramique et trouvailles diverses, Paris 1951|La cité de Midas : céramique et trouvailles diverses, Paris 1951
Faịlụ:Plaster_cast_WP_20170131_032.jpg|She created many plaster casts that were sent back to Amsterdam and are in the collection of the Allard Pierson Museum
Faịlụ:Emilie_Haspels_index_card_file_WP_20170131_037.jpg|Her index card file of markings at Midas City


## Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara

* Attic black-figured lekythoi, Paris, 1936.
* Obodo Midas: ite na ihe ndị ọzọ a chọtara, Paris 1951
* *Ugwu nke Frigia: ebe na ihe ncheta *, 2 vols, Princeton 1971
* *Lekythos na-eduhie eduhie na Villa Giulia Museum* (Talanta, 1973) 
* *Abụ m onye ikpeazụ n'ime ndị njem: Midas obodo nchọpụta na nyocha na ugwu nke Frigia *, ed. Dietrich Berndt; onyinye nke Halet Çambel. İstanbul, Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları, 2009.[ id="mwRw" typeof="mw:DisplaySpace"> 


## Edemisibia

* Akụkọ ndụ na historici.nl (n'asụsụ Dutch).
* Jaap M. Hemelrijk, "In memoriam Prọfesọ Dr. CHE Haspels, Septemba 15, 1894 - Disemba 25, 1980", Bulletin antieke beschaving. *Akwụkwọ Kwa Afọ na Classical Archaeology* **56**:1-2, 1981
* Jaap M. Hemelrijk, "Licht in der Dunkelheit und eine Nadel im Heuhaufen. Die niederländische Archäologin CH Emilie Haspels (1894-1980) Führte ein abenteuerliches Leben im Dienste der Wissenschaft", *Antike Welt* **37**:1:80-82, 2006
Alette Schreiner

**Alette Schreiner**,à mụrụ n'ezinụlọ **Falch** (18 Mee 1873 - 26 Disemba 1951) bụ onye Norway na-eme nnyocha.

## Ndụ onwe onye
A mụrụ ya na Christiania dị ka nwa nwanyị nke onye ọka iwu distrikti bụ Ingvald Falch (1825-1909) yana Alette Louise Aubert (1850-1916). Ọ bụ nwa nwa nwa nke Benoni Aubert. Falch tolitere na Eidsvoll .  Nwanne ya nwoke bụ Ingvald Falch, Jr. (1884-1962) sooro nna ha n'ịghọ onye ọka iwu distrikti.

## Alụmdi na nwunye na ezinụlọ
Na Septemba 1900 Falch lụrụ Kristian Schreiner, onye ọrụ gọọmentị. Nwa ha nwoke Johan Schreiner ghọrọ ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme a ma ama.

Nwa ha nwoke Fredrik Schreiner ghọrọ onye ọrụ gọọmentị. Nwa ya nwoke Per Schreiner ghọrọ onye na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba na onye ọrụ gọọmentị.

## Ọrụ
Ọ gara ule ya na *Ragna Nielsens skole* na 1892 wee gụsịa akwụkwọ jírí nzere cand.med. pụta n'afọ 1899. Ọ bụkwa nwata akwụkwọ ka na-amụ ọrụ n'Ụlọ Ọgwụ Riksh n'afọ 1900, tupu ọ mụọ ọrịa ụmụaka na ụmụ nwanyị na mba ofesi. Ọ dịghị mgbe e weere ya n'ọrụ n'ọkwa onye gụrụ akwụkwọ, mana ya na di ya, onye bụ prọfesọ, mere nchọpụta. Ha wepụtara akwụkwọ nkuzi banyere ahụ mmadụ maka ụmụ akwụkwọ mahadum na mpịakọta atọ n'etiti afọ 1918 na 1921, na akwụkwọ nkuzi maka ụmụ akwụkwọ sekọndrị n'afọ 1923.  Akwụkwọ ya a kacha gụọ bụ Slegtslivet hos

N'afọ 1920, di na nwunye ahụ malitere itinye aka na anthropology anụ ahụ. O wepụtara *Antropologische Studien an norwegische Frauen* n'afọ 1924, Die Nord-Norweger . *Anthropologische Untersuchungen an Soldaten* n'afọ 1929 na akwụkwọ abụọ n'okpuru aha *Anthropologische Lokaluntersuchungen* n'afọ 1930 na 1932. Ọ dịghị nke ọ bụla n'ime ha nyochara ụdị Ịdị ọcha agbụrụ nke ndị Nazi. Ọbụna ndị Nazi tụrụ di ya na nwa ya nwoke mkpọrọ n'Ogige ịta ahụhụ Grini. Otú ọ dị, Alette Schreiner kwenyere na agbụrụ niile nwere ihe ndị na-adịghị mma.

Schreiner nyekwara aka guzobe Blindern studenthjem, naanị ụlọ obibi ụmụ akwụkwọ dị na Blindern. Ọ nwụrụ na Disemba 1951 na Oslo.

## Edensibịa
Audrey Smedley

**Audrey Smedley** (1930 - October 14, 2020 ) bụ onye American social anthropologist na prọfesọ emeritus na Virginia Commonwealth University na anthropology na African-American studies.

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
Smedley nwetara B.A. na MA na akụkọ ihe mere eme na anthropology sitere na Mahadum Michigan, yana Ph.D. na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya sitere na Mahadum Manchester dị na UK, dabere na nyocha ubi na ugwu Nigeria. Ọ kụziri ihe mmụta dị ala na nke gụsịrị akwụkwọ na mmụta gbasara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, ọha mmadụ na ọdịbendị Africa, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke anthropology, na echiche gbasara mmadụ.

## Ọrụ
Smedley dere na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke anthropology na mmalite na evolushọn nke echiche nke agbụrụ mmadụ kemgbe ngwụcha 1970s. Mmasị nchọcha ya gụnyekwara ịgba ohu atụnyere, ngbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi mmadụ, na ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị n'ime obodo ndị nna nna.

## Edemisibia


## Njikọ mpụga

* Ajụjụ ọnụ PBS maka mmemme "Race: ike nke Illusion".
*
Cathrine Hasse

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Katọlik Hasse
Cathrine Hasse (amụrụ n'afọ 1956 na Denmark) bụ prọfesọ nke omenala na mmụta ọdịbendị na Mahadum Aarhus, Denmark. Nnyocha ya dị na njikọ dị n'etiti ọdịbendị, mmụta na teknụzụ.

## Mmụta
N'afọ 1994, Hasse gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Anthropology na Mahadum Copenhagen, Denmark. N'ebe a, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Ph.D.-scholarship na 1996.

## Ọrụ
Site na 2000 ruo 2001, ọ jikọtara ya na National Research Center for Humanities (Danmarks Humanistiske Forskningscenter) na Copenhagen. Na 2002, ọ ghọrọ onye prọfesọ na-arụkọ ọrụ na Ngalaba Education, Mahadum Aarhus, na 2009 ọ ghọrọ prọfesọ MSO ("prọfesọ nwere ọrụ pụrụ iche") na Institute of Education and Pedagogy, nakwa na Mahadum Aarhus, ebe Hasse kemgbe 2013 na-eduzi usoro nyocha Future Technologies, Culture and Learning located in Copenha

Cathrine Hasse nwekwara njikọ na mahadum dị iche iche dịka prọfesọ nyocha, gụnyere. Mahadum Oxford, 2013, na na Danish Institute for Science and Art na Rome, Italy, n'ihe banyere nyocha ya n'etiti usoro omenala na sayensị okike. Cathrine Hasse eduzila ọtụtụ ọrụ nyocha mba ụwa, gụnyere. EU-project Understanding Puzzles in the Gendered European Map (2005-2008), Danish-Italian Project The Cultural Dimensions of Science (2002-2005) na nso nso a interdisciplinary technology oru ngo Technucation banyere nkà na ụzụ mmuta (2011-2015).

 Ọzọkwa, Hasse edeela kọlụm maka akwụkwọ akụkọ Danish kwa ụbọchị Dagbladet Information ma bụrụkwa onye isi oche na Ngalaba Mmụta, Mahadum Aarhus (2000-2001), Society of Gender Research (2000-2002) na nke otu Danish anaghị akwụ ụgwọ Oxfam IBIS [da] (1990-1992). Ebe ọ bụ na 2009, Hasse abụrụla onye otu ndị na-enyocha ihe ọmụmụ gbasara ọmụmụ gbasara mmadụ na Mahadum Copenhagen na, ebe ọ bụ na 2012, onye otu bọọdụ nyocha maka ọmụmụ teknụzụ-anthropology na Mahadum Aalborg. Ebe ọ bụ na 2009, Cathrine Hasse bụ onye so na kọmitii nyocha na Danish Confederation of Professional Associations (Academics) yana nke ụlọ ọrụ nyocha na Mahadum Metropolitan University, Denmark.
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## Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Teknologiforståelse: maka Raj na onye ụlọ ọgwụ.  (1 ed.) Aarhus: Aarhus Universitetsforlag 
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Onye ọrụ na-akwọ ụgbọala Innovation: Ụzọ Ọhụrụ]. London: Palgrave Macmillan
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Kulturanalyser na Runas. N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'ihi ya ka a na-eme ka a mara ya.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Kulturpsykologi - Kulturens roller, København: Forlaget Frydenlund.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ọ bụ n'ihi na a na-ahụkarị ya. 

## Edemisibia

## Njikọ mpụga

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Annah Robinson Watson

Annah Robinson Watson (1848-1930[1]) bụ onye odee Amerika, onye guzobere na onye isi oche nke narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, [2] na onye nchịkọta akụkọ ọdịnala America.

## Oge ọ malitere
A mụrụ Watson Annah Walker Robinson na ụlọ Taylor, "Springfields", na nso Louisville, Kentucky, nye Mary Louise Taylor Robinson na Archibald Magill Robinson.,[1] ọ bụ nwa nwa Hancock Taylor, nwanne onye isi ala Zachariah Taylor.[2] A kọwara Watson dị ka "onye na-ahụ n'anya, onye na-agụ uri, na-eche echiche." Mgbe afọ ole na ole n'ime ime obodo gasịrị, ezinụlọ ya kwagara Louisville, Watson nwetara agụmakwụkwọ n'ebe ahụ ma mesịa na Chicago.[1]   Chicago.

## Ihe odide
Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ ya, ọ banyere n'etiti ọha mmadụ dị ka onye na-ede uri. Ọ gara n'ihu na-ede akwụkwọ, na-ebipụta "Baby's Mission", nke nwetara ewu ewu ma bipụta ya na akwụkwọ akụkọ London Chatterbox. O nwetakwara mmeri na asọmpi na New York Churchman maka lullaby kacha mma. Na mgbakwunye na ibipụta ọtụtụ uri na akwụkwọ edemede n'okpuru aha nke ya, o bipụtakwara ọrụ ndị a na-edeghị aha ha, gụnyere nyocha na nchịkọta akụkọ.

Na 1870 Watson lụrụ James H. Watson, nwa nke onye ọka ikpe Mississippi John William Clark Watson. O mechara soro ezinụlọ ya biri na Memphis, Tennessee, ebe di ya na-arụ ọrụ iwu. O bipụtara akụkọ na nkwenkwe ụgha ndị sitere n'aka ndị Afrika emerika o doro anya na olumba nke onye na-ekwu okwu, ma na-eche echiche banyere ụdị agbụrụ agbụrụ. Ọrụ ya gụnyere Some Notable Families of America, Of Sceptred Race, Passion Flowers na akwụkwọ - "Comparative Afro-American Folk-Lore" - gụrụ na  Mba ụwa -Lome   onye  nke mba Columbian Exposition nke 1893.

Na Memphis, Watson bụ onye guzobere na onye isi oche nke atọ nke Nineteenth Centuri Clób , klọb ụmụ nwanyị kachasị ukwuu na South. N'oge ahụ, a na-ele klọb anya dị ka ụlọ akwụkwọ ebe ụmụ nwanyị nwere ike ịgbasa mbọ ọgụgụ isi ha. Klọb ahụ nwere njikọ na Women's suffrage movement, ọ bụ ezie na ndị otu ahụ mere ka o doo anya na nke ha bụ ụdị ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị, nke a na-ejikarị nkọwa nke otu o si enyere ụmụ nwanyị aka ịba mma na ndụ ezinụlọ. Ọ bụ ezie na Watson dọrọ aka ná ntị megide ịchụso ọrụ na mmefu nke ezinụlọ, ọ chọpụtara "echiche ọhụrụ nke ike na ikike n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị America", wee bipụta The New Woman of the New South & the Attitude of Southern Women on the Suffrage Question na onye suffragist Josephine Henry na 1895. 

N'afọ 1913, General James Grant Wilson nyere uri Watson nke akpọrọ "The Siege of Vicksburg, a Battle of the Bluffs" n'aha ya maka nnọkọ nke 43 nke Society of the Army of the Tennessee . 

N'afọ 1914, Watson bipụtara Golden Deeds on the Field of Honor: Stories of Young American Heroes, nke na-elekwasị anya na Agha Obodo, karịsịa site n'echiche ndịda.

## Edensede
Adeline Masquelier

**Adeline Marie Masquelier** (amụrụ n'afọ 1960) bụ Prọfesọ na ngalaba Anthropology na Mahadum Tulane dị na New Orleans, Louisiana.

## Akụkọ ndụ
Ọ natara nzere bachelọ ya na Biology na fiziks (yana nsọpụrụ so ya) na Centre St. Marc, na Lyon, France (1978), nzere B.A. ya na Zoology (Mahadum North Carolina na Chapel Hill, 1980), na nzere M.A. na Anthropology (Mahadum Southern Illinois dị na Carbondale, 1984).  Ọ nwetakwara nzere Ph.D. ya na Mahadum Chicago na 1993 na-amụ ihe ọmụmụ n'okpuru onye Africa gụrụ Anthropology a ma ama bụ Jean Comaroff, ma rụọ ọrụ ya n'etiti ndị bi n'ime ime obodo Niger n'obodo Hausa nke Dogondoutchi. Nnyocha ya lekwasịrị anya na ihe ndị gụnyere Mmụọ, nnwogha Alakuba, omume okpukpe Bori, ịbụ ejima, amoosu, ọrịa nke oriri, anthropology nke ahụike, na ụdịekere. Ugbu a ọ bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke Journal of Religion n'Africa (kemgbe Jenụwarị 2008) ma na-eme nchọpụta banyere òtù mgbanwe nke Izala Islam na Niger, na-enyocha okwu ndị gụnyere akụ na ụba, ofufe, na ejiji. 

## Ihe Nrite na òtù ndị Ọ Sogasị

* 1987- 1989 National Institute of Mental Health Dissertation Research Fellowship
* 1988-1989 National Science Foundation Dissertation Research Grant
* 1987-1988 Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research Grant
* 2004-2005 American Council of Learned Societies Fellowship
* 2005-2006 National Endowment for the Humanities Fellowship
* 2010-2011 John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship

## Ọrụ ndị Ọ Rụrụ

** *Prayer Has Spoiled Everything: Possession, Power, and Identity in an Islamic Town in Niger*  (2001)
** Behind the Dispensary's Prosperous Facade: Imagining the State in Rural Niger, *Public Culture* Vol.13, No.2 Public Culture 13.2 (2001) 267-291
** *Dirt, Undress, and Difference: Critical Perspectives on the Body's Surface*  (2005)
** The Scorpion's Sting: Youth, Marriage and the Struggle for Social Maturity in Niger, *Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute*, Vol.11, No.1 (March 2005).
** When Spirits Start Veiling: The Case of the Veiled She-Devil in a Muslim Town of Niger, *Africa Today*, Vol.54, No.3 (Spring 2008).
** *Women and Islamic Revival in a West African Town*. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2009. ISBN
** Bodies, Politics, and African Healing: The Matter of Maladies in Tanzania by Stacey A. Langwick. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2011.
** Regulating Romance: Youth Love Letters, Moral Anxiety, and Intervention in Uganda's Time of AIDS. Shanti Parikh. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press, 2015.
** Fada: Boredom and Belonging in Niger. ISBN(April 23, 2019)
*

## Edensibịa

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ndepụta nke akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara
Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Alana Cordy-Collins

**Alana Kathleen Cordy-Collins** (5 Jun 1944 - 16 Ọgọst 2015) bụ Prọfesọ na ngalaba Anthropology na Mahadum San Diego .  Ọ bụ onye ọkà mmụta ihe ochie nke ọkachamara ya bụ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mba Peru.

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ ya na Los Angeles, California. Nna ya bụ Mayanist Napoleon Cordy.

Ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ ya, nzere masta na nzere Ph.D. ya na Mahadum California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Ulluchu Project (bụ ọrụ nnyocha ihe ọkụkụ di n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Peru). Ọkachamara nke abụọ o lekwasịrị anya bụ shamanism, ebe ọ mepụtara ọrụ na Mongolia. Na mgbakwunye na prọfesọ ya, ọ bụ onye nduzi nke ebe ngosi ǹkà David W. May Indian Artifacts Gallery na onye nlekọta nke nchịkọta ahụ. Ọ bụkwa onye bụbu onye nlekọta nke nchịkọta Latin America na San Diego Museum of Man.

## Ọrụ sayensị
Cordy-Collins keere òkè dị mkpa n'igwu ọtụtụ ili Moche dị mkpa na Peru malite na 1972, gụnyere ili ndị eze nke Sipán na Dos Cabezas. Sipán, nke e gwuru na 1987, bụ otu n'ime nchọpụta ihe ochie kachasị mkpa na Peru. Ọ gụnyere ụfọdụ n'ime ili ole na ole ndị ohi ili na-emetọghị, na ihe ochie ndị ahụ, nke gụnyere ọlaedo, ite ndị mara mma na ihe ndị ọzọ a chọtara, gara United States. Ngwupụta nke pyramid Dos Cabezas n'agbata afọ 1997 ruo 2002 kpughere ili ndị jupụtara n'ihe onwunwe nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ ígwè na ụrọ, yana ezinụlọ "ndị dike" - ndị a gbasiri agbasi nke ndị ikom ga-eguzo ihe dị ka mita isii n'ogologo, ma e jiri ya tụnyere Moche, onye dị n'agbata mita anọ na mita ise na mita isii. Ndị a ma ama na-arịa ọrịa Marfan, ụdịrị ịdịfe ogologo òkè e ketara eketa. Ndị a bụ ihe ndekọ mbụ nke ịdị òkè ogologo na South America tupu akụkọ ihe mere eme. Cordy-Collins kụziri ma na mba nke ya ma na mba ụwa ndị ọzọ banyere "ndị dike" Moche.

## Ọrụ ndị o bipụtara

* "Ọganihu nke 1995 na 1996 Latin American Symposia: Ọnwụ, Omenala na Ndụ Mgbe A nwụsịrị," Alana Cordy-Collins na Grace Johnson, nke San Diego Museum of Man Papers gosipụtara, 34, San Diego Museum nke Man. 112 p., San Diego, Calif., 1997
* "An Unshaggy Dog Story: A Bizarre Canine is Living Evidence of Prehistoric Contact between Mexico and Peru," Alana Cordy-Collins, Natural History 103 (2):34-41, New York, NY, 1994.
* "Isiokwu dị ugbu a na Aztec Studies: Essays in Honor of Dr. H. B. Nicholson," Alana Cordy-Collins and Douglas Sharon, San Diego Museum Papers, 30, San Diego Museum of Man. 118 p., San Diego, Calif., 1993
* The Northern Dynasties: Kinship and Statecraft in Chimor, Michael E. Moseley and Alana Cordy-Collins, A Symposium at Dumbarton Oaks, 12 and 13 October 1985, Dumbartón Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington, D.C.
* *Mgbukpọ Cerro Sechin. O mere? Ethnic Technology Notes No.18*, Alana Cordy-Collins, San Diego Museum of Man, 1983
* Pre-Columbian Art from the Land Collection, L. K. Land, H.B. Nicholson & Alana Cordy-Collins, California Academy of Sciences & L. K, 1979.
* Pre-Columbian Art History, Alana Cordy-Collins na Jean Stern, Peek Publications, 1977.

## Edensibịa

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Mahadum San Diego
* Ili nke Ndị dike ahụ e gwupụtara na Peru - National Geographic Society
* U.S. Heraldic Registry
Laura Bohannan

Laura Bohannan (née Laura Marie Altman Smith), (1922 - Maachị 19, 2002) aha pen Elenore Smith Bowen, bụ ọkà mmụta gbasara ọdịbendị ọdịnala America kacha mara amara maka edemede ya 1966, "Shakespeare in the Bush." Bohannan dekwara akwụkwọ abụọ n'oge 1960, Tiv Economy, ya na di ya, na Laghachi na Ọchị, akwụkwọ akụkọ. Akwụkwọ ndị a dabeere na njem ya na ọrụ ya n'Afrịka n'agbata afọ 1949 na 1953.

## Oge ọ malitere
Bohannan gụrụ akwụkwọ na mahadum dị na Mahadum Arizona, ebe ọ zutere di ya Paul J. Bohannan. Ha lụrụ na May 15, 1943. Na 1951 Bohannan nwetara doctorate na Mahadum Oxford.

## Tiv
Site na 1949 ruo 1953 Bohannan na di ya biri n'etiti agbụrụ Tiv nke etiti Naịjirịa. Ha ga-abụ isiokwu nke nnukwu ọrụ ya.

Shakespeare in the Bush" bụ mgbe anthologyized n'ihi na ya isiokwu okwu na pụrụ iche echiche. Bohannan, mgbe bi na a obere obodo na Nigeria, na-agbalị na-akọ akụkọ Hamlet a ìgwè nke obodo. The omenala na asụsụ mgbochi n'etiti abụọ ọzọ result in an kpamkpam dị iche iche na-agwa nke a kasị ama nke English ejije, na ya na-ege ntị hapụrụ mgbagwoju anya n'elu Westerners 'enweghị ike na-agụ akwụkwọ, otú ahụ ka ụmụ akwụkwọ na-eji ha onwe ha akwụkwọ. mmụta asụsụ, na ozizi agụmagụ dị ka ụzọ isi ghọta ka echiche si emetụta nghọta na atụmanya.

Nlaghachi na ọchị, nke o dere n'okpuru aha Elenore Smith Bowen, ka bụ ọrụ a tụlere nke ọma,  ọ dabere na ọrụ Bohannan na Naịjirịa. Bohannan jiri aha nzuzo maka akwụkwọ a, ikekwe n'ihi na o chere na ụda ya na usoro akụkọ ndụ ya adịghị mma maka aha ọkachamara ya. Aha Bohannan sitere na aha mbụ nne ya, "Elenore",  na aha nwa agbọghọ ya "Smith". Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ nyocha nke Return to Laughter kwuru na ọ bụ ọrụ ya,  ma bipụta mbipụta ndị ọzọ na-enweghị aha nzuzo.

Akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ e dere banyere Tiv gụnyere Tiv Economy, nke Bohannan na di ya nwetara Herskovits Prize na 1969.

## Nnyocha na ndụ mgbe e mesịrị
Bohannan sokwa n'otu obere ụlọ akwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị nke a jụrụ ọmụmụ ha na anthropology na mbụ n'ihi usoro na ụdị ha zuru oke (na mgbe ụfọdụ nke onwe). Ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọzọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ a nke ndị na-ede akụkọ ọdịbendị na mbụ gụnyere Zora Neale Hurston . 

Site na 1970 ruo 1973 Bohannan bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke American Anthropologist .  Ya na di ya gbara alụkwaghịm na 1975; ha nwere otu nwa nwoke, Denis. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi oche nke African Studies Association site na 1983-1984.  Ọ lara ezumike nká na 1990. Na Machị 19, 2002, ọ nwụrụ n'ụlọ ya n'ihi nkụchi obi.

## Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ

* Bohannan, Laura (1949) "Dahomean Marriage: A Revaluation" *Africa: Journal of the International African Institute* 19 (4): peeji nke 273-287&nbsp;
* Bohannan, Laura (1952) "A Genealogical Charter" *Africa: Journal of the International African Institute* 22 (4): peeji nke 301-315&nbsp;
* Bohannan, Laura (1966) "Shakespeare in the Bush. Onye American anthropologist malitere ịmụ Tiv nke West Africa ma kụziere ya ezi ihe Hamlet pụtara" Natural History 75: peeji nke 28-33&nbsp;

## Edemisibia
Gail M. Kelly

Gail M. Kelly (February 9, 1933 - Ọgọst 17, 2005) bụ ọkà mmụta gbasara gbasara mmadụ nke America mara maka ọzụzụ ọgbọ nke ndị ọkà mmụta gbasara mmadụ na kọleji Reed na Portland, Oregon.

A mụrụ ya na February 9, 1933, na Deer Park, Washington na mgbe nne ya nwụsịrị, ndị ikwu na Portland zụlitere ya. Ọ gara Reed dị ka onye na-agụghị akwụkwọ, na-agụ akwụkwọ n'okpuru Morris Opler na David H. French, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1955. Ya B.A. Tesis, Gburugburu na Omenala Wasco, gbadoro ụkwụ na ọrụ ubi na Ndokwa Indian Warm Springs n'okpuru nlekọta French. Ọ gụrụ Ph.D. na anthropology na Mahadum Chicago, ebe Edward Shils na Fred Eggan nwere mmetụta siri ike na ya. Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ edemede MA na Northwest Coast Indians n'okpuru Eggan wee tụgharịa gaa lekwasịrị anya na Africa na n'ihe gbasara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe Britain. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ ubi na Ghana na Britain malite na 1958 wee nweta Ph.D. n'afọ 1959

Ọ kụziiri ihe na Reed site na 1960 ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká n'afọ 2000. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ nọgideghị na-arụsi ọrụ ike ma ọ bụ nọgide na-ebipụta akwụkwọ, ọ zụrụ ihe dị ka ụmụ akwụkwọ 50 bụ́ ndị gara n'ihu ịchụso Ph.D.s na nkà mmụta ihe ọmụmụ gbasara mmadụ. Mmasị ya na ọrụ ọmụmụ ya lekwasịrị anya na Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, amoosu, anthropology nke okpukpe, millennialism, Melanesia, na oriri.

Ọ nwụrụ n'August 17, 2005, na Portland . 

## Edemisibia
Dorothea Bleek

**Dorothea Frances Bleek** (mgbe e mesịrị **Dorothy F. Bleek**; amụrụ na 26 Machị 1873, Mowbray, Cape Town - nwụrụ na 27 June 1948, Newlands, Cape Town)  bụ onye Germany a mụrụ na South Africa anthropologist na philologist amaara maka nyocha ya Ndị Bushmen (ndị San) nke Southern Africa.

## Ọrụ
Dorothea Bleek bụ ada nke ise nke Wilhelm Bleek, onye ọkà mmụta sayensị ọsụ ụzọ na-amụ asụsụ na omenala South Africa na njedebe 1800s. Emere ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ya na mmekorita ya na ọgọ ya nwanyị (nwanne Dorothy Bleek, Lucy Lloyd). Ọrụ nke Dorothy Bleek bụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ihu nke nyocha nna ya na nwanne nne ya, mana o nyekwara ọtụtụ onyinye ama ama nke onwe ya n'ọhịa. Ọrụ ikpeazụ ya, nke e bipụtara mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, bụ akwụkwọ A Bushman Dictionary, nke a ka na-ezo aka taa

Laurens van der Post, onye nwere mmasị iche onwe ya dị ka "onye na-acha ọcha Bushman", kwuru akwụkwọ ya Mantis and His Hunter (tinyere Specimens of Bushman Folklore site n'aka nna ya na nwanne nna ya) dị ka "ụdị Akwụkwọ Nsọ Age". Nke a bụ na mmalite nke Obi nke Dinta (1961), ihe na-esochi ụwa efu nke Kalahari, akwụkwọ dabere na usoro BBC nke wetara ndị Bushmen na mba ụwa.

Nnyocha na nchọpụta Bleek na-abụkarị ọrụ nna ya kpuchiri ya, a katọwokwa ya maka enweghị ọmịiko na nghọta nke ya na nwanne nne ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, otu ngalaba dị na mpịakọta ya nke 1928 na Naron [Nharo] gụnyere ngalaba na 'Ikwado ha dị ka ndị ọrụ', nke nyere aka n'ịghọta ya dị ka onye na-akpa ókè agbụrụ.

N'agbanyeghị nke a, nnyocha Bleek na asụsụ, omenala, na ọkachasị nka nkume nke Southern Africa (nke South Africa, Tanzania, Botswana, na Namibia ugbu a) na-eguzo dị ka onyinye dị mkpa maka agụmakwụkwọ na mpaghara ahụ. Foto ya na ihe ndekọ ọdịyo ya dị mkpa karịsịa nye ndị nchọpụta mechara.

## Akwụkwọ

* *The Mantis and his friends*, 1923
* *The Naron, a Bushman tribe of the central Kalahari*, 1928
* *Comparative vocabularies of Bushman languages*, 1929
* Dorothea Bleek, Bushman Dictionary at Google Books;  , 1956

## Ihe edeturu

## Njikọ mpụga

* The San (Bushman) Foto nke Dorothea Bleek, Mahadum nke Cape Town Libraries
* Digital Bleek na Lloyd
Anna Sadurska

**Anna Sadurska** (1 Septemba 1921-3 Machị 2004) bụ onye Polish Classical philologist, epigrapher, na archaeologist onye kụziri na Mahadum Warsaw . 

## Mmụta
Sadurska mụrụ klasiik philology na archaeology na Mahadum Warsaw site na 1945–49; prọfesọ ya na archaeology bụ Kazimierz Michałowski, onye ọ gaara emekọ ọrụ na ya mgbe e mesịrị dịka onye ọrụ ibe. Mgbe ahụ, o mụrụ maka PhD na otu mahadum ahụ, na-eme nchọpụta banyere nchịkọta National Museum dị na Warsaw nke Roman funerary inscriptions, nke ọ gụchara na 1951.

## Ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ
Sadurska malitere ọrụ ya na Ngalaba Nkà Ochie na National Museum na Warsaw, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ site na 1949-1951 n'oge PhD ya. Ọ kwagara na Mahadum Warsaw, ebe ọ ghọrọ Onye isi oche nke Mediterranean Archaeology na 1971 (ọkwa nke Kazimierz Michałowski nwere n'oge gara aga) na prọfesọ zuru oke na 1980. 

Ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ Sadurska gụnyere ide akwụkwọ nkuzi mahadum Poland mbụ gbasara nkà mmụta ihe ochie nke Rom na ibipụta ihe odide Grik na Latin na ihe oyiyi.  Ọ gwupụtara na Crimea, Ijipt, na Siria, ebe ọ bụ osote onye nduzi nke nchọpụta Polish na Palmyra: o bipụtara Ili nke Ezinụlọ nke 'Alainê site na Palmyra oge ochie, nke ndị ọrụ nchọpụta ihe ochie Polish gwupụtara n'afọ 1969, yana ọmụmụ ndị ọzọ nke olili ozu na nka okpukpe na ihe oyiyi nke Palmyrene. Ọrụ ya na ihe ọkpụkpụ Palmyrene meriri "Premio europeo di archeologia" (European Archaeology Prize) na 1994.  N'ịbụ onye nchọpụta ya nke ihe atụ efu nke *Tabulae Iliacae*, obere ihe a tụrụ na nkume sitere n'ụwa Rom nke na-egosi ihe nkiri sitere na Agha Trojan, Sadurska dekwara otu akwụkwọ banyere ihe ndị a,  nke dị ka ụmụ akwụkwọ niile nke Homeric iconography "ka kpọtụrụ aha dị ka Bible. "

## Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara

* 1964. *Tebụl ndị dị n'ahụ* Warsaw: Państwowe Wydawn.
* 1977. *Ili ezinụlọ nke 'Alainê* Warsaw: PWN-Poland Scientific Edition.
* Sadurska, A., ʻAdnān Bunnī, na Matḥaf Tadmur. 1994. *Ihe ndị a tụrụ atụ maka olili ozu na Palmyra* Rome: G. Bretschneider.

## Njikọ mpụga

* Akwụkwọ Anna Sadurska bipụtara na Propylaeum-DOK

## Ihe odide
Jane MacLaren Walsh

**Jane MacLaren Walsh** bụ onye anthropologist na onye nchọpụta na Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History na obodo Washington, D.C. A maara ya maka ọrụ ya n'ikpughe ihe ndị e chepụtara echepụta tupu oge Columbian.

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
Walsh tolitere na Mexico wee mụọ na Mahadum America maka BA. na ogo M.A.[1] O nwetara Ph.D. na nkà mmụta gbasara mmadụ na Mahadum Katọlik nke America nwere akwụkwọ mmụta doctoral "Akụkọ ifo na echiche dị na akụkọ America: njem Coronado, 1540-1542."[2]-1542."  

## Ọrụ
Ọrụ nyocha nke Walsh bụ okpokoro isi kristal, ụdị ihe eji eme ihe nke a na-ekwukarị na ọ sitere na Precolumbian ma na-ekpughe ugboro ugboro dị ka aghụghọ site n'aka ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ochie. Mmasị ya n'ihe ndị a malitere site na nnyefe a na-amaghị aha ya nke otu ihe dị otú ahụ na Smithsonian na afọ 1992. 
 

Okwu ndị a ma ama nke nyochara gụnyere okpokoro isi kristal ebubo na ha sitere na Mesoamerican oge ochie (karịsịa Aztec), na mpempe akwụkwọ nke Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection na-ekwu na ọ bụ ezigbo ihe nnọchianya tupu Colombia nke Tlazolteotl, chi nwanyị Aztec na Central Mexico.[1]

## Ọrụ ndị a họọrọ

* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## Edensibia

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Amanda Adams

Amanda Adams bụ onye ode akwụkwọ na ọkà mmụta ihe ochie sitere na Amerịka.[1] Ọ bụkwa onye nlereanya ejiji mbụ ma pụtara na mgbasa ozi Buffalo Jeans na 1996.[1]

## Akụkọ ndụ
O gara mahadum University of California, Berkeley, na ngalaba Anthropology na ngwụsị afọ 1990s wee mechaa nweta nkwanye ugwu Kroeber. O mechara nweta nzere masters na archaeology site na mahadum University of British Columbia, Vancouver. Ihe odide ihe ọmụmụ ya bụ Visions Cast on Stone, a na-ebipụta nke nchịkọta ha na magazin The Midden. 

Akwụkwọ mbụ Adams. A Mermaid's Tale, bụ maka akụkọ ifo mermaid si gburugburu ụwa. Ọ natara nyocha kpakpando na Booklist .  Akwụkwọ ya nke abụọ, Ladies of the Field, na-akọwa ndụ ndị na-amụ banyere ihe ochie nke ụmụ nwanyị.

## Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara

*  
*  

## Ihe odide

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

## Njikọ mpụga

* "Hot 20 Under 40" maka San Francisco
* Dmpibooks.com
* Globe and Mail Review of Books; September 2, 2006
* Sciencecareers.sciencemag.org
Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Alice Mossie Brues

**Alice Mossie Brues** (Ọktoba 9, 1913 - Jenụwarị 14, 2007) bụ onye na-amụ banyere ụmụ mmadụ.

## Akụkọ ndụ
Alice bụ nwa nwanyị Charles Thomas Brues, onye na-amụ ihe gbasara ụmụ nje na Mahadum Harvard na nne ya bụ Beirne Barrett Brues, onye na-amụ ihe gbasara osisi. Alice bụ onye na-amụ ihe gbasara okike nke jisiri ike n'ihe gbasara osisi. N'oge ọ bụ nwata, ọ na-enweta ọrụ a kpọmkwem nke ịnakọta ụmụ nje site n'osisi site n'aka ndị nne na nna ya, ma n'afọ 1924, nne ya bipụtara akwụkwọ nke diari nke ncheta ezinụlọ ha. Na 1933, Alice gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Bryn Mawr College, na-eme nkọwa n'ozizi na psihọlọji. Mgbe e mesịrị na-amụ n'okpuru Earnest Hooton, ọ nwetara PhD site na Harvard na 1940 na anthropology.

Mbụ ya bụ dị ka onye na-eme nchọpụta na Peabody Museum na Harvard, ma mesịa dị ka onye ndụmọdụ anthropologist na Chemical Corps. N'afọ 1946, ọ ghọrọ osote prọfesọ nke Anatomy na Mahadum Oklahoma School of Medicine, e mechara bulie ya n'ọkwa prọfesụ zuru oke n'afọ 1960. Ọ bụkwa onye nlekọta nke anthropology anụ ahụ na Stovall Museum na Norman, Okla., (1956-65) na onye ọrụ na Southwestern Homicide Investigators Seminar (1954-65). Mgbe ọ bụ onye nlekọta nke anthropology anụ ahụ na Mahadum nke Oklahoma School of Medicine, o nyere aka na ngalaba nke paleopathology na forensic anthropology. N'afọ 1965, a nabatara Brues na ngalaba anthropology na Mahadum Colorado na Boulder, ebe ọ nọgidere ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na 1984. Ọ natara ihe nrite atọ maka ihe ịga nke ọma, otu site na nke ọ bụla n'ime ndị otu ọkachamara nke ọ bụ onye otu ya: American Association of Physical Anthropology (AAPA), Human Biology Association na American Academy of Forensic Sciences. Ọ bụ osote onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke *American Journal of Physical Anthropology* ruo afọ anọ, onye otu AAPA Executive Board ruo afọ atọ, osote onye isi oche AAPA site na 1966 ruo 1968 na onye isi ocheAAPA site na 1971 ruo 1973. Ọ bụ onye otu kọmitii na-ahụ maka Human Biology Council na osote onye isi oche nke kansụl ahụ na 1976-77. Ọ bụkwa onye otu ndụmọdụ nke National Institute of Dental Research (1972-75) na kọmitii nyocha fellowship maka National Institute of Mental Health (1976-77).

O bipụtara ihe karịrị edemede sayensị 300, na ọtụtụ akwụkwọ, ọkachasị People and Races (1977). Alice raara ọrụ a nye nna ya, na-eto ya maka ịkụziri ya "iche echiche nke ihe ndị dị ndụ" n'oge ọ dị obere. Ọrụ ahụ bụ otu n'ime ndị ikpeazụ e bipụtara gbasara agbụrụ site n'echiche nke anthropological n'ụzọ Carleton Coon (onye Brues sokwa rụọ ọrụ) ma bipụtaghachi ya na 1990. Ọ nwetara ụfọdụ nyocha dị mma, ọ bụ ezie na ndị ọzọ agwakọtaghị na ndị na-adịghị mma.

## Ihe odide

* "Obi: Alice Mossie Brues,. American Journal of Human Biology, Mpịakọta nke 19, Mbipụta nke 4, peeji nke 597, July/August 2007. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajhb.20684/abstract
* "Women anthropologists: selected biographies", Ute Gacs, Greenwood Press, 1988, peeji nke 23-27.&nbsp;
* "Ndị mmadụ na agbụrụ, Nyocha site na: Elizabeth J. Glenn", Man, New Series, Vol. 13, Nke 1, Mar., 1978, peeji nke 139.&nbsp;
Virginia Gutiérrez de Pineda

**Virginia Gutiérrez de Pineda** (November 4, 1921, El Socorro, Santander - September 2, 1999, Bogotá) bụ onye Colombian anthropologist onye malitere ọrụ na ezinụlọ Colombian na Anthropology ọgwụ.

## Akụkọ ndụ
O nwetara mmụta ya na National Pedagogy Institute, Escuela Normal Superior nke Colombia na National Technology Institute, ebe o nwetara ọkwa ya na Anthropology na 1944. O so n’ụlọ akwụkwọ gọvanụ n’ihe ọmụma gbasara mmadụ na ahụike na Mahadum nke California, Berkeley (1953-1954) na, na 1962, o nwetara PhD ya na Social Sciences na Economics na National Pedagogic University. 

Na afọ 1960, ọ sonyere na ndị ọzọ bụ ndị ọgụgụ isi na ndị ọkachamara, gụnyere Orlando Fals Borda, Eduardo Umaña Luna, María Cristina Salazar, Darío Botero Uribe, Carlos Escalante na Tomás Ducay, na ntọala nke kọleji Sociology mbụ na Latin America. na Mahadum National nke Colombia.

A na-akpọ ya nwanyị nke afọ na Colombia na 1967, otu afọ mgbe e mesịrị, o meriri Ihe nrite Alejandro Ángel Escobar. N'ime ọrụ ya, enyerela ya akwụkwọ nsọpụrụ abụọ maka aha ọma ya, onyinye Camilo Torres (1963) na ihe nrite ọzọ enyere site n'aka kọngressị mba ụwa nke ezinụlọ (1983). 

N'ime ọtụtụ ihe ọ rụzuru, ọ rụkwara ọrụ maka ntọala Guarnimiento ugboro abụọ. Na nso nso a, na 2015, Bankụ nke Republic nke Colombia họpụtara oyiyi ya ka ọ pụta na ọnụahịa $10,000 pesos iji kwanyere ihe niile o rụzuru ugwu. Ọhụrụ ụgwọ ego a ga-adị maka njikọ site na ngwụcha 2016.

Na Nọvemba 4, 2019, Google mere emume ncheta ọmụmụ ya nke afọ 98 na Google Doodle. 

## Ọrụ ya

* *Ezinụlọ na ọdịbendị na Colombia* (1963) 
* *Ihe ndị na-akpata ọnwụ ụmụaka*
* *Ọgwụ a ma ama na Colombia*
* *Ihe mere e ji gbanyụọ mkpọrọgwụ* (1961) 
* *Nzukọ ọha na eze na Guajira*
* Ezinụlọ na Colombia: ọmụmụ mmadụ (1962).
* *Ọgwụ a ma ama na Colombia: ihe kpatara mgbọrọgwụ ya* (1964).
* *Ọdịdị, ọrụ na mgbanwe nke ezinụlọ na Colombia* (1976).

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga
Virginia Grace

Virginia Randolph Grace (1901–1994) bụ onye ọchịchị ọdịnala Amerịka, amara maka ọrụ ndụ ya na amphoras na aka ha edeturu akara.

N'ihi ọrụ a, amphoras na akara aka ha ugbu a bara uru dịka ngwaọrụ maka ịkọwa ọnọdụ ihe ngosi ọdịnala nke ọma ma na-eje ozi dị ka ihe ngosi bụ isi maka ịchọpụta na nghọta nke azụmahịa ochie n'oké osimiri Mediterenian.

Ụmụ akwụkwọ nyocha ya bụ ntọala nke ụlọ nchekwa pụrụ iche nke aka ejiri akara na-ekewa (nke dị ihe dịka ndekọ 150,000) sitere n'akụkụ ụwa ochie na nke ndị ọkà mmụta na-aga n'ihu na-agbakwunye.[1]

## Ndụ onwe onye na agụmakwụkwọ
Virginia Grace mụrụ na 1901 na New York City n’aka Lee Ashley na Virginia Fitz-Randolph Grace, ezinụlọ dị mma nke nna ya metụtara mbubata akwa.[1][2] Ọ bụ otu n'ime ụmụnne isii, gụnyere Emily Grace Kazakévich, onye ode akụkọ ihe mere eme Gris dị iche iche. Ọ gara Brearley School.[3]

Ọ gara akwụkwọ na Bryn Mawr College, ma gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1922, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ kụziri ndị akwụkwọ sekọndrị English na mgbakọ na mwepụ ruo ọtụtụ afọ.[1] Na 1927 ọ laghachiri na Bryn Mawr, jikọtara ọmụmụ ya na otu afọ na American School of Classical Studies na Athens ma nweta PhD ya na 1934, na-arụ ọrụ na ihe mkpị akara amphora.[2][1]

Mgbe ọ nọ na Bryn Mawr, o ji otu n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ ibe ya gbaa ndụ, ọ bụ ezie na ha ejighị alụmdi na nwunye tupu ọ nwụọ (mgbe ole na ole tupu afọ 1940). O nwụrụ na Athens na 22 Mee 1994.

## Ọrụ nchọpụta ihe ochie
Ọrụ Grace gụnyere ịkpụ Pergamon, Halai na ili na Lapithos na Cyprus, yana mmekọrịta ndụ niile na Ndị na-egwupụta Ọkụ Agora, malitere na 1932. Na 1935, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na nkwupụta Bryn Mawr Tarsus. Ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ nleta na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Maka Nyocha Elu na Princeton ma nwetakwuo akwụkwọ Guggenheim abụọ iji kwalite nyocha ya, nke mbụ na 1938. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Ngalaba Steeti nke U.S., ọfịs Ọrụ Greek O.S.S. na Istanbul, İzmir, Cairo, na na Athens National Museum.

Na 1989, e nyere ya Ezi Nrite Ọla Edo nke Archaeological Institute nke America.

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Virginia Grace Papers na ASCSA
* Nnyocha nke Database na nkọwa nke Matrices nke Stamped Amphora Handles na Alexandria
Alla Ter-Sarkisiants

Alla Yervandovna "Yervandi" Ter-Sarkisiants (Ալլա Երվանդի Տեր-Սարգսյանց; Russian: Алла Ервандовна Тер-Саркисянц) (Epreel 25, 1937[1] – Ọgọst 16, 2019) bụ onye na-amụ akụkọ ihe mere eme na ọdịbendị nke Armenia,[2] dọkịta nke sayensị akụkọ ihe mere eme, onye isi ọkachamara na ngalaba Caucasus nke N. N. Miklukho-Maklai Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology nke Russian Academy of Sciences, na onye otu na-asọpụrụ nke Russian Academy of Natural Sciences.[3]

O merechaara ogo ya na akụkọ ihe mere eme na Mahadum Steeti Moscow na 1959. Na 1968, ọ nwetara PhD ya na N. N. Miklukho-Maklai Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, na 1998, o nwetara aha Doctor of Historical Sciences maka nchọpụta ya "Ndị Armenia. Akụkọ ihe mere eme na omenala." N'agbata 1978–1989, ọ bụ odeakwụkwọ maka ihe gbasara sayensị na N. N. Miklukho-Maklai Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology. Onye osote oche nke ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọkachamara nke Russian Humanitary Science Fund n'ihe gbasara akụkọ ihe mere eme, ụlọ ihe ochie na ethnography.

## Nsọpụrụ na onyinye

* asambodo nke uru site na Presidiums nke USSR Academy of Sciences na Russian Academy of Sciences  

## Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara
Ọ bụ onye dere ihe karịrị akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ 150, gụnyere:

* Ezinụlọ nke oge a na Armenia. Moscow, Nauka, 1972. 208 peeji
* Omenala agbụrụ nke ndị Armenia nke North Caucasus // Studia Pontocaucasica. 2. Krasnodar, 1995. peeji nke 5-31.&nbsp;
* Ndị Armenia. Akụkọ ihe mere eme na usoro omenala. Moscow, Vostochnaya akwụkwọ RAN, 1998. 397 peeji nke
* Akụkọ ihe mere eme na ọdịbendị nke ndị Armenia site n'oge ochie ruo na narị afọ nke 19. Moscow, Vostochnaya akwụkwọ RAN, 2005. 686 peeji nke

## Ihe odide
Vilma Sindona Eichholz

Vilma Sindona Eichholz (1926 - July 15, 1995) bụ onye amụrụ na Germany ma ghọọ onye Kanada Esperantist, onye nkụzi, na onye osote onye isi oche nke Canadian Esperanto Association. Ya na di ya, Rüdiger Eichholz, bụ ndị nwere ọrụ maka mgbasawanye Esperanto na Canada.

## Ndụ
A muru Eichholz na 1926 na Silesia, Weimar Germany. Mgbe o gbapụrụ Silesia na ngwụcha Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ọ zutere Rüdiger Eichholz na ọdịda anyanwụ Germany ma lụọ ya. N'ụlọ ọrụ afọ iri ise gara aga, di na nwunye ahụ kwagara Canada. Ha nwere ụmụ atọ, ndị ha zụrụ ka ha bụrụ ndị na-asụ Esperanto n'ụlọ.

Na afo 1979, Eichholz gara Sri Lanka ma bipụta akwụkwọ nta nke ibe iri na abụọ gbasara ahụmahụ ya: Impresoj de esperantistino en Srilanko ("Ncheta nke Onye Esperanto na Sri Lanka") (Ontario, 1979). O yiri ka ọ bụ onye mbụ sitere mba ọzọ na-ekwu Esperanto gara njem na agwaetiti ahụ. Ọrụ ya n'ebe ahụ butere mmalite nke mmegharị Esperanto na Sri Lanka na Etiti Esperanto nke Sri Lanka na Nugegoda, nke nwataakwụkwọ ya Daniel Balasingham Jesudason hiwere.

N'afọ ndị 1990, mgbe Soviet Union tisasịrị, ọ kụziri Esperanto na Kaliningrad, n'etiti ebe ndị ọzọkwa.

Ọ nwụrụ na ọrịa kansa na July 15, 1995 na Bailieboro, Ontario.

## Ọrụ
Eichholz mepụtara En Novan Mondon ("N'ime Ụwa Ọhụrụ") (1984), usoro Esperanto dị mgbagwoju anya maka ụmụaka na-eji Usoro Cseh. O dekwara broshuọ asụsụ Bekee banyere asụsụ abụọ ziri ezi na Canada (1982), ya na di ya Rüdiger Eichholz rụkọkwara ọrụ n'ịchịkọta Akwụkwọ akụkọ Esperanto in the Modern World (1982), ma mepụta egwuregwu kaadị nkuzi. Ọ kwadoro ọrụ di ya na glossaries, na-enyocha, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ederede siri ike nke *[[Esperanta Bildvortaro]]* ("Esperanto Picture Dictionary") (1988). Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na neologisms na sexism na Esperanto, ma kwado di ya n'ihe gbasara mbipụta nke Esperanto Press.

Ọ bụ onye otu Universala Esperanto-Asocio na onye nnọchiteanya na ịkọ ubi.

## Ihe odide
Véréna Paravel

thumb|Paravel na 2013
**Véréna Paravel** (amụrụ na 21 Eprel 1971 na Neuchâtel, Switzerland) bụ onye France na-amụ banyere ụmụ mmadụ na onye na-ese ihe na-arụ ọrụ na ihe nkiri, vidiyo, na foto.

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Verena Paravel na 1971. Ọ bụ onye na-amụ gbasara mmụọ mmadụ, onye omenkà na onye na-eme ihe nkiri nke na-arụ ọrụ na Sensory Ethnography Lab na Mahadum Harvard na Cambridge, USA, na na Paris, France. A na-echekwa ọrụ ya na nchịkọta mgbe nile nke Museum of Modern Art nke New York, a na-etokwa ya na Tate, Whitney Biennial, MoMA, documenta 14 na ebe ndị ọzọ. A na-egosi ihe nkiri na vidiyo ya nke meriri nrite na Berlin, Cannes, Locarno, New York, Toronto, Venice na ọtụtụ mmemme ihe nkiri ndị ọzọ.

Paravel na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na onye na-amụ mmadụ na onye na-ese ihe Lucien Castaing-Taylor na fim, vidiyo, na ihe ngosi. E gụnyere fim ahụ na ụgbọ mmiri na-eji naanị ụda na ihe oyiyi e wepụtara n'ụgbọ ahụ. Fim ha Leviathan wepụtara na sinima na United States, United Kingdom, Mexico, Canada, France, Germany, Austria, na Japan, ma merie FIPRESCI (International Film Critics) Award, Creative Capital Award, na Los Angeles Film Critics' Circle Douglas Edwards Independent and Experimental Film Award. Still Life/Nature Morte na iri na abụọ nke ọrụ mgbagwoju anya ha bụ akụkụ nke 2014 Whitney Museum Biennial.

N'afọ 2017, ihe nkiri Paravel na Castaing-Taylor bụ somniloquies, ihe nkiri ogologo oge banyere nrọ, ọchịchọ, na adịghị ike nke ahụ mmadụ, gosipụtara na Berlin International Film Festival. Ọzọkwa na 2017 Paravel na Castaing-Taylor's film Caniba (film), a feature-ogologo ihe nkiri nke na-atụle na-agbawa obi nke cannibalistic ọchịchọ na akụkọ ihe mere eme na ọdịbendị mmadụ, gosipụtara na Venice International Film Festival ebe e nyere ya Special Orizzonti Jury Prize.

Ihe nkiri ndị gara aga nke Paravel gụnyere 7 Queens (2008), ntụgharị uche na mkpakọrịta na-adịghị adịte aka edere n'oge ije n'okpuru ụzọ dị elu nke ụzọ ụgbọ oloko No. 7 na New York City, na Interface Series (2008-2010), usoro vidiyo ise e mere kpamkpam site na Skype.

## Ihe nkiri

### Ihe nkiri

### Ihe nkiri ndị dị mkpirikpi

* Site na Anya Dị Mma, Interface Series #1 (2008) 
* 7 Queens (2008) 
* *Naanị M Na-ahụ Nsogbu*, Interface Series #2 (2009) 
* E gosipụtara ya na Severe Pain, Interface Series #5 (2010) 
* *Enweghị m Ndị Enyi*, Interface Series #4 (2010) 
* *Ebe obibi na 2009*, Interface Series #3 (2010) 
* Ọ na-eme ka ụzọ na-egbuke egbuke mgbe ọ gasịrị, otu ga-eche na Deep To Be Hoary (2013), nke ya na Lucien Castaing-Taylor duziri
* Still Life (2013), nke ya na Lucien Castaing-Taylor duziri
* Ikpe *Ikpe Ikpeazụ* (2013), nke ya na Lucien Castaing-Taylor duziri
* Spirits Still (2013), nke ya na Lucien Castaing-Taylor duziri
* *Ah, ihe a kpọrọ mmadụ!*  (2015), nke ya na Lucien Castaing-Taylor na Ernst Karel duziri
* Commensal (2017), nke ya na Lucien Castaing-Taylor duziri

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ursula Cowgill

Ursula Moser Cowgill (9 Ọktọba 1927 – 27 Ọktọba 2015) bụ onye sayensị na onye mmụta ọdịbendị nke rụrụ ọrụ na Mahadum Yale, Dow Chemical Company na Mahadum Colorado n'oge ọkara nke abụọ nke narị afọ nke 20. Ọrụ ya gụnyere ọmụmụ ihe banyere omume ugbo na Mesoamerica tupu Columbian, oge ọmụmụ n'ime ụmụ mmadụ, njikọ dị n'etiti ọdịbendị njikere ibughari na ọnwụ nwa, na ọrụ nwere ike nke selenium na belata ọnwụnwa site na AIDS. Ọzọkwa, ọ lekọtara pottos anọ maka ọtụtụ afọ ma bipụta usoro nke nlele banyere omume ha.

Cowgill nwetara PhD site na Mahadum Iowa State na 1956. Ka emechara, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-enyocha kemistri maka onye na-amụ ihe gbasara mmiri G. Evelyn Hutchinson. Akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ụfọdụ e bipụtara ọnụ na Hutchinson, pụtara na mmalite afọ 1960s.

Cowgill na-ebị na Colorado kemgbe afọ 2003. Na mgbakwunye na nchọpụta sayensị ya, ọ bụ onye ọrụ ọgụ maka American Civil Liberties Union.

## Ọrụ

### Ọrụ ugbo nke Maya
N'etiti 1961 na 1963, Cowgill na Hutchinson mere ọmụmụ gbasara ala na Petén Basin, Guatemala, na ebumnuche ịmụ banyere mmetụta usoro ugbo nke ọdịbendị Maya tupu-abia Kristi.[1] Nchọpụta ha kọrọ na usoro ikpụrụ nke ndị Maya emeela ka ala nwee ndi mmadu mkpa, nke pụtara na ọ nweghị ike ịkwado ihe oriri n'ikpeazụ. Ndị ọkà n'akparamàgwà mmadụ ụfọdụ ejikọrọ oke ala a na-emebi emebi na ọdịda obodo ndị Maya na Petén mpaghara na narị afọ nke 10.

### Mmekọahụ nwoke na nwanyị na ọnwụ ụmụaka
Nnyocha Cowgill banyere okike nwoke na nwanyị na ọnwụ ụmụaka gụnyere ihe ndekọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na England na nkọwa nke oge a na Guatemala. Site na iji ndekọ ọmụmụ na ọnwụ site na ndekọ ụka nke York n'etiti afọ 1538 na 1812, Cowgill chọpụtara na n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke obodo ahụ, ụmụ agbọghọ na ọkwa ọ bụla nke nwata na-anwụnụ na ọnụego ka elu karịa ụmụ nwoke nke otu afọ. Nke a mere ka ọ bụrụ na e nwere ụmụ nwoke 136 maka ụmụ nwanyị 100. Cowgill chere na nke a bụ akụkụ n'ihi na ụmụ agbọghọ nwere ike ịbụ ndị a na-akpa àgwà ọjọọ karịa, na akụkụ n'ihi na ụmụ nwoke na-enweta nri na nlekọta ka mma karịa ụmụ nwanyị.

Na Guatemala, Cowgill gụrụ otu obodo ndị obodo ebe oke mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị na-abawanye ngwa ngwa—178:100. Cowgill kwuru na ndị nne n'obodo a na-enye ụmụ nwoke ara ogologo oge karịa ụmụ nwanyị, na ha na-enye ha mmasị pụrụ iche ọbụlagodi mgbe ha kwụsịrị ịnara ara. Cowgill na Hutchinson kwuru na omume ịkpali mmekọahụ nke ụmụ agbọghọ ndị na-eto eto n'obodo a nwere ike ịbụ usoro mgbapụta ndụ.

## Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara

* 
* Bajo de Santa Fe (ya na G.E. Hutchinson). Akwụkwọ, 1963.
* 
* 
* *Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Laguna de Petenxil, obere ọdọ mmiri dị na Northern Guatemala*. Akwụkwọ, 1966.
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* Aquatic toxicology na nyocha ihe ize ndụ, mpịakọta nke iri na abụọ (ya na Llewellyn R. Williams). Akwụkwọ, 1989.
* 
* 
* 
* 

## Ihe odide
Tina Lasisi

Tina Lasisi bụ onye nyocha nka mmụta ihe gbasara mmadụ na anụmanụ nke arụmọrụ ya etinyela uche na mmepe nke ịdị iche iche n'ime ntutu mmadụ. Lasisi na-agba ụlọ nyocha nke ya na Mahadum Michigan ebe ọ na-amụ iche iche nke ntutu mmadụ na akpụkpọ ahụ.

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Lasisi na Bulgaria; nne ya bụ onye Bulgarian na nna ya bụ onye Naijiria. Ezinụlọ ya kwagara Netherlands mgbe ọ dị afọ 8, ma o biri ebe ahụ ruo mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.

Lasisi nwetara nzere Bachelor of Arts na nkà mmụta ihe ochie na Anthropology na Mahadum Cambridge .  Ọ debanyere aha na Mahadum Steeti Pennsylvania ebe ọ nwetara ma Master of Science na PhD na Biological Anthropology. Mgbe ọ nọ na Penn State, Lasisi gụrụ akwụkwọ n'okpuru onye America na-ahụ maka ụmụ mmadụ Nina Jablonski. Lasisi bụ onye isi ojii mbụ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na PhD na Biological Anthropology na Penn State . 

## Ọrụ
Mgbe Lasisi nọ na-amụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Cambridge, ọ mụtara otú nhọpụta agba si arụ ọrụ dị ka nchebe megide ìhè UV.[1] Lasisi jụrụ ihe ndị na-akpalite mgbanwe n'ụwa nke na-ebute ụdị dị iche iche nke ntutu mmadụ,[2] chọta na akwụkwọ edemede na nnyocha dị adị bụ nke pere mpe.[1] Nchọpụta na ọtụtụ n'ime nnyocha dị, na-elekwasị anya na ntutu ndị Europe, Lasisi mepụtara usoro nke ebumnuche iji tụọ ma nwee ọgụgụ isi banyere dị iche iche nke ntutu isi.[3] Lasisi malitere ịmepụta "akụkọ banyere mgbanwe iji kọwaa ọdịiche ọkpụkpụ n’akụkụ akara agbụrụ, nke na-abụghị nke dị mfe", na-ezo aka n’ike mmekọrịta na ntutu isi nke ndị Africa-America na ọchịchọ ịkwado mmegbu nke akụkọ ihe mere eme banyere agbụrụ.[3]

Nnyocha Lasisi nyochara ọrụ ntutu mmadụ na-arụ n'ime ka ụbụrụ mmadụ jụọ oyi, na-aghọta na ntutu ntutu ga-enye uru kachasị ukwuu na usoro a. Lasisi mere nnwale site na iji wig na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ a na-achịkwa, na-ahụ na ntutu na-agba agba na-enye nchebe kachasị ma belata mkpa ọsụsọ, nke ga-echekwa mmiri na electrolytes. E bipụtara nsonaazụ ya na American Journal of Physical Anthropology na 2016, e bipụtakwara nyocha ọzọ na Scientific Reports na 2021.

Lasisi kwetara akụkọ ihe mere eme nke pseudoscience eji akọwapụta ma kewaa agbụrụ,  mana ọ na-ekwusi ike na ọ dị mkpa maka ọmụmụ miri emi n'ime ọdịiche dị iche iche.  N'afọ 2021, Lasisi kwuru, sị: "N'agbanyeghị mgbanwe zuru oke site na iji okwu agbụrụ doro anya, usoro agbụrụ dị n'okpuru iji kọwaa ma ghọta ọdịiche mmadụ ka dị. "

N'afọ 2023, Lasisi guzobere ụlọ nyocha nke ya na Mahadum Michigan .  O so guzobekwa Black in Biological Anthropology, nke na-akwalite ma na-enyere ndị Black biological anthropologists aka.

## Onyinye na nsọpụrụ
N'afọ 2022, e nyere Lasisi Jon C. Graff, Ph.D. Prize for Excellence in Science Communication 

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Teresa Porzecanski

Teresa Porzecanski Cohen (amụrụ na Mee 5, 1945) bụ onye ụkọchukwu ọmụmụ ihe gbasara mmụọ mmadụ, onye edemede na prọfesọ si Uruguay. 

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ na zụlitere Porzecanski Cohen na Montevideo n’ezinụlọ ndị Juu. Nna ya bụ Ashkenazi si Liepāja, Latvia, ebe nne ya bụ Sephardic si Syria. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum nke Republic na nzere na ọrụ mmekọrịta.

Ọrụ ya agbadoro anya na obodo ndị Juu nke Uruguay, ndị agbụrụ ojii, yana okwu banyere echiche na agbụrụ.[1] Ọ bụ prọfesọ na onye ọkà mmụta na Mahadum Ndị Katọlik nke Uruguay, Latin American Center maka Human Economy na Mahadum nke Republic. Site na 1978 ruo 1981, ọ chịkọtara akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị mbịarambịa Juu nke e bipụtara dịka Akụkọ Ndụ Ndị Mbịarambịa Juu na Uruguay na mbipụta mbụ ya na Spanish na 1986.[2] Na nyocha maka American Jewish Archives, Alejandro Lilienthal kpọrọ ya mmalite ọma na isiokwu ahụ, n'èzí ihe ederede nke akụkọ ihe mere eme a.[3]

Akụkọ ifo ya bụ akụkụ nke ọdịnala nke ọrụ ndị na-enyocha njirimara na nsogbu ịgbanwe ebe obibi, mkpọtu a na-eme ndị na-abụghị onye obodo, na ụwa ime nwanyị.

N'afọ 1992, ọ natara Guggenheim Fellowship,  n'oge ọ na-amụ Sephardim na rabbinic lore.  Ọ nwetakwala agụmakwụkwọ Fulbright. yana Rockefeller Residency Grant na Bellagio, Ịtali, iji dee akụkọ ifo ya. Ọ natara onyinye ise site na Ministry of Education nke Uruguay, onyinye abụọ site na Municipality of Montevideo, Critics Award Bartolomé Hidalgo (1995) na Morosoli Award for Literature (2004).

## Ọrụ ndị a họọrọ

### Akụkọ ifo

* 1967, The Riddle and other stories (El acertijo y otros cuentos) 
* 1979, *Ihe owuwu* (Construcciones) 
* 1981, Sun Inventions (Invention nke anyanwụ) 
* 1986, An Erotic Novel (A erotic novel) 
* 1989, **'Mesaya na Montevideo**' (Mzaịa na Montecideo) 
* 1989, Breath is a Forge (Mgba ume bụ ihe a na-akpụ akpụ) 
* 1994, *Ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ nke Cartaghe* (Ihe na-esi nsị ụtọ nke Carthago) 
* 1996, *Akpụkpọ ahụ nke mkpụrụ obi* (La piel del alma) 
* 2002, Obi ụtọ na-agba ọsọ (*Obi ụtọ na-agafe agafe*) 

### Akụkọ ifo

## Ihe odide

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ