Daniel P. Biebuyck

Daniel P. Biebuyck (1925 - 31 Disemba 2019) bụ onye Belgium ọkà mmụta nke Central African nka.

## Akụkọ ndụ
And mụrụ Biebuyck na 1925 na Deinze, Belgium . Ọ gụrụ philology oge ochie, iwu, anthropology ọdịbendị, na nka Afrịka na Mahadum Steeti nke Ghent, ebe ọ nwetara nzere doctorate ya na Philosophy and Letters (1954). Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na anthropology na Bantu Linguistics na University College London, LSE, SOAS . 
N'okpuru nkwado nke *Institut pour la Recherche Scientifique en Afrique central* (IRSAC), o tinyere aka na nyocha ubi site na 1949–1957 n'etiti agbụrụ dị iche iche na Democratic Republic of the Congo ugbu a. Site na 1957–1961 ọ kụziri na Mahadum Lovanium dị na Kinshasa ma dị ka onye otu kọmitii na-ahụ maka ala maka Belgium Congo, o mere nnyocha dị mkpirikpi n'etiti ihe karịrị mmadụ iri anọ dị iche iche ebe ọ gụrụ ajụjụ ndị metụtara mmekọrịta dị n'etiti usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ntinye aka nchịkwa, na ikike ala.

Ọrụ ubi ya lekwasịrị anya na ndị Lega, Bembe, Zyoba na Nyanga. [nhota dị mkpa] A malitere Biebuyck na ọkwa dị iche iche nke mmalite Bwami nke Lega.

## Ọrụ ubi

* 1957–1961 Oge dị mkpirikpi nke ọrụ ubi n'etiti ihe dị ka mmadụ iri ise dị iche iche bi na Congo, gụnyere Zande, Agbarambo, Mangbetu, Malele, Mangbele, Mayogo, Meegye, Mamvu, Bwa, Yew, Mabinza (Ngombe), Mongelima (Baboro), Bira, Lese, Talinga, Mbuba, Lendu, Aluur, Leka, Pere, Komo, Havu, Nande, Tembo, Hunde, Vira, Fuliro (Fulero), Shi, Luba-Kasai, Kongo-Bavungani, Kongo-Ntandu, Teke-Mfinu, Wuum, Mongo (Ekota na Bakutu), Yeke, Sanga. Ọrụ ubi a bụ nke Land Tenure Commission for the Congo kwadoro, na ụfọdụ site na Mahadum Lovanium (Kinshasa) na Mahadum Liège (Belgium).
* 1954–1957 Ndị Nyanga (mpaghara Walikale, ọwụwa anyanwụ Congo montane rain forest) gụnyere nyocha n'etiti ndị Baremba (Pygmies), Baasa na Batiri (ndị metụtara Komo) na ụfọdụ ndị Hunde metụtara. Kwadoro site na IRSAC, Brussels.
* 1952–1953, 1955, 1957 Ndị Lega (Mwenga, Shabunda, mpaghara Pangi, mpaghara South Kivu na Manyema na mpaghara Kivu, ọhịa mmiri ozuzo nke ọwụwa anyanwụ Congo) gụnyere obere oge nyocha n'etiti Nyindu, Mbote, Vira, Furiiru, Basikasingo, Konjo, Leka, Batali (Binja), Kwame, Kanu, Binja, Boyo. Kwadoro site na IRSAC, Brussels.
* 1949–1952 Ndị Zyoba (ìgwè dị iche iche nke Pygmy, Luba, Hemba, Lunda na ndị a na-ejighị n'aka bụ ndị na-asọ asọ mmiri n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke Ọdọ Mmiri Tanganyika) na ndị Bembe (mpaghara Fizi na Mwenga, mpaghara South-Kivu na mpaghara Kivu, ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Congo). Kwadoro site na IRSAC, Brussels.

Na 1989, Biebuyck lara ezumike nká na Mahadum Delaware dị ka H. Rodney Sharp Prọfesọ nke Anthropology na Humanities. Dị ka prọfesọ, onye enyemaka ma ọ bụ prọfesọ nleta, ọ kụziri na mahadum ndị a: Mahadum Delaware, Mahadum Lovanium, Mahadum Liège, Mahadum London, Mahadum California na Los Angeles, Mahadum Yale, Mahadum New York, Mahadum Southern Florida: Golding Distinguished Prọfesọ nke nka Afrịka.

## Mbipụta
Isi mbipụta Biebuyck bụ na ngalaba nke etiti African Art, Epic akwụkwọ, usoro nke ala, na ethnography n'ozuzu. Ọtụtụ ndị nwetara nkwado site na onyinye sitere na National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH), John Simon Guggenheim Foundation, Rockefeller Foundation, Social Science Research Council (SSRC) na mahadum Delaware na California. Na mgbakwunye na ọtụtụ isiokwu na akụkọ banyere akụkụ dị iche iche nke nka Afrịka.

**Akwụkwọ**

* 2013 Sherungu Muriro, Mémoires d’un Nyanga. Paris: Geuthner
* 2002 *Lega*. *Ụkpụrụ omume na ịma mma n'ime obi Afrịka*. Gent: Snoeck-Ducaju & Zoon.(Mbipụta dị iche iche na Dutch na French)
* 2002 Mwendo: une épopée Nyanga (RdC) Paris: Classiques Africains.  Nsụgharị French a nke *Mwindo Epic* (1969) gụnyere mmeghe gbasaa, ihe odide ala ala, glossary. Ihe odide nke Daniel P. Biebuyck kwadebere na mmekorita ya na Brunhilde Biebuyck na Mihaela Bacou.
* 1996 Mụ na Susan Kelliher na Linda McCrae. *African Ethnonyms. Index to Art-Producing Peoples of Africa*. New York: G.K. Hall and Co. An Imprint of Simon and Schuster Macmillan. London: Prentice Hall International. 378pp.
* 1994 *Lega Sculpture*. Sculpture lega. Paris na New York: Galerie Hélène na Philippe Leloup. 203 pp, gụnyere 87 pls. (Ihe odide French nke Brunhilde Biebuyck na Mihaela Bacou dere.)
* 1987 The Arts of Central Africa: An Annotated Bibliography . Boston: G.K. Hall. 300 pp.
* 1987 Mụ na Brunhilde Biebuyck. Anyị na-anwale ndị anyị lụrụ: Nnyocha nke akụkọ iri atọ na isii nke Nyanga. Budapest: African Research Program, Loránd Eötvös University. 115 pp.
* 1985 *The Arts of Zaire*. Southwestern Zaire, vol. 1. Berkeley na Los Angeles: University of California Press. 416 pp. na 100 pls.
* 1986 *The Arts of Zaire*. Eastern Zaire: The Ritual and Artistic Contexts of Voluntary Associations, vol. 2. Berkeley na Los Angeles: The University of California Press, 331 pp. na 98 pls.
* 1984 ya na Nelly Van den Abbeele. The Power of Headresses: A Cross-Cultural Study of Forms and Functions. Ghent (Belgium): Snoeck-Ducaju en Zoon. 293 pp. na 223 pls.
* 1981 Statuary from the Pre-Bembe Hunters: Issues in the Interpretation of Ancestral Figurines Ascribed to the Basikasingo-Bembe-Boyo. Tervuren: Musée royal de l’Afrique centrale. 164 pp. na 59 pls.
* 1978 Hero and Chief: Epic Literature from the Banyanga (Zaire Republic). Berkeley na Los Angeles: University of California Press. 320 pp; edezi ihe odide sitere na otu n'ime Mwindo epics na *Oral Epics from Africa*, eds Johnson, J.W., Thomas A. Hale, na Stephen Belcher, pp. 285–301, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997; edezi ihe odide sitere na otu n'ime epics na *Les épopées d'Afrique noire*, eds Kesteloot, Lilyan na Bassirou Dieng, pp. 528–537.
* 1973 Lega Culture: Art, Initiation, and Moral Philosophy among a Central African People. Berkeley na Los Angeles: University of California Press. 268 pp. na 110 pls.
* 1970 Mụ na Kahombo Mateene. *Une anthologie de la littérature orale Nyanga*. Brussels: Académie royale des Sciences d'Outre-Mer. 363 pp. A na-ebipụta obere akụkọ Kahindo gụnyere na mbipụta a na nsụgharị na *Oral Epics from Africa*, eds Johnson, John W. et al., pp. 294–301. Bloomington: Indiana University Press 1997.
* 1969 Mụ na Kahombo Mateene. *The Mwindo Epic from the Banyanga*. Berkeley na Los Angeles: University of California Press; University of California Press Paperbacks, 1971. 213 pp. Ọtụtụ mbipụta na nsụgharị n'asụsụ Lingala, Japanese, Hungarian, French, Dutch.
* 1969 Editor. *Omenala na okike na nka agbụrụ*. Berkeley na Los Angeles: University of California Press; University of California Press Paperbacks, 1973. 236 pp.   (Nkwụnye nke William Fagg, William Bascom, Robert Goldwater, Jean Guiart, Roy Sieber, Ignacio Bernal, Adriaan Gerbrands, Robert F. Thompson; mmeghe nke D. Biebuyck).
* 1963 Ed. African Agrarian Systems. London: Oxford University Press . Mbipụta mbipụta, 1966. 407 pp. (Nkwụnye nke ndị isi ọchịchị si Belgium, France, Holland, United Kingdom, United States of America, South African Republic).
* 1958 Mụ na J. Bolle, E. Schaefer, H. Brandt, na H. Sielman. *Les Seigneurs de la Forêt*. Brussels: établissements Malvaux. 142 pp. A sụgharịrị ya n'asụsụ German na Dutch.
* 1956 De hond bij de Nyanga: ritueel en sociologie . Brussels: Académie royale des Sciences d'Outre-Mer. 168 pp. Nsụgharị a na-ebipụtaghị na French site n'aka Marianne Okito (kọmputa).

**Short Monographs** 1977 Symbolism of the Lega Stool. Akwụkwọ na-arụ ọrụ na nka ọdịnala. Philadelphia: ISHI. 1966 Rights in Land and its Resources among the Nyanga. Brussels: Académie royale des Sciences d'Outre-Mer. 1962 Les Mitamba: système de mariages enchaînés chez les Babembe. Brussels: Académie royale des Sciences d'Outre-Mer. 1961 Mụ na Mary Douglas. Congo Tribes and Parties. London: Royal Anthropo . Institute. 1957 Mụ na Jean Dufour na Y. Kennes. Bibliographie sur la tenure des terres et les problèmes fonciers. Léopoldville: Gouvernement Général. 1957 Mụ na Jean Dufour. Le problème foncier: synthèse et propositions. Léopoldville: Land Tenure Commission. 1956 Bibliographie sur la tenure et les problèmes fonciers. Léopoldville: Gouvernement Général.

## Ndetu



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