Tracy Chapman

Tracy Chapman (amuru May 30, 1964) bu onye America na-ede ukwe. Bob Krasnow bịanyere aka na ya na Elektra Records na 1987. [1] N'afọ sochirinụ, ọ wepụtara album mpụta mbụ ya, Nelson Mandela 70th Birthday Tribute na-aga nke ọma nke azụmahịa, bụ nke Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ndekọ America kwadoro 6 × platinum. Ndekọ a nwetara nhọpụta isii Grammy Award, gụnyere atọ maka Album nke Afọ, na-emeri atọ n'ime ha: Best Artist New, Best Female Pop Vocal Performance maka otu "Ọsọ ọsọ", na Best Contemporary Folk Album. Na 2025, akara ahụ gụnyere ọba na katalọgụ mba ya.

N'afọ 1989, o wepụtara album ya nke abụọ, Crossroads, nke nwetara nhọpụta Grammy Award ọzọ maka Album Folk Contemporary kacha mma. Album ya nke atọ, Matters of the Heart, sochiri na 1992. album ya nke anọ, New Beginning, ewepụtara na 1995 ma bụrụkwa ihe ịga nke ọma ọzọ n'ụwa niile. Ndị RIAA kwadoro ya 5 × platinum ma gosipụta egwu bụ "Nye M Otu Ihe", nke nwetara ya nhọpụta Grammy Award maka Best Rock Song. 

Afọ ise ga-agafe tupu ewepụta album ya nke ise, Akụkọ Akụkọ (2000). Ka mmiri ozuzo na ebe ị bi na-esote na 2002 na 2005, n'otu n'otu. E wepụtara album studio ya na nso nso a, Our Bright Future, na 2008. E wepụtara album nchịkọta, Greatest Hits, na 2015. Na 2023, Chapman ghọrọ onye mbụ na-ese ihe nkiri ojii iji nweta ọnụ ọgụgụ mba nke otu obodo, na iji nweta mmeri nke National Music Association Award for Song of the Year, mgbe Luke Combs kpuchiri egwu ya "Ụgbọala Ọsọ".

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Chapman na Cleveland, Ohio, na nne ya, bụ onye na-egwu egwu ukulele nke mbụ, kpọgara ya akwụkwọ mgbe ọ dị afọ atọ.[1] Ndị mụrụ ya gbara alụkwaghịm mgbe ọ dị afọ anọ.[2] Ọ malitere ịmụ egwu na ide abụ mgbe ọ dị obere. Ọ na-ekwu na ihe nkiri Hee Haw nwere ike imetụta ụdị egwu ya.[3] N'obodo ya bụ Cleveland, a kpagburu ya na mmegide ugboro ugboro n'oge ntorobịa ya.[4]

A zụlitere ya dị ka onye Baptist, ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Episcopal  ma nabata ya na mmemme A Better Chance, nke na-akwado ụmụ akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọrịtandrị kọleji dị anya site na obodo ha. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Wooster School na Connecticut wee gaa Mahadum Tufts, na-amụ gbasara ụmụ mmadụ. Mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ na Tufts, ọ na-agba bọọlụ n'ebe ndị dị nso, gụnyere Harvard Square na MBTA Red Line.   Chapman dekọrọ ihe ngosi nke egwu na ụlọ ọrụ redio Tufts University, WMFO, maka ebumnuche nwebisiinka mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ na Tufts, iji gbanwere ikike ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ịkpọ egwu ya. 

## Ọrụ
Chapman mere ihe ngosi izizi ya dị ka onye mmeghe maka onye ọsụ ụzọ Egwú ụmụ nwanyị Linda Tillery na Boston's Strand Theatre na Mee 3, 1985.  Nwa akwụkwọ ọzọ nke Tufts, Brian Koppelman, nụrụ ka ọ na-akpọ egwu ma mee ka nna ya, Charles Koppelman mara ya, na-egosi ya teepu ngosi ọ si na ụlọ ọrụ redio kọleji ya bubata nke nwere abụ "Talkin' 'bout a Revolution". Charles Koppelman, onye na-elekọta SBK Publishing, bịanyere aka na ya na 1986. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Tufts na 1987, o nyeere ya aka ịbịanye aka na nkwekọrịta na Elektra Records.
thumb|Chapman na Budapest, Hungary, 1988
Na Elektra, ọ tọhapụrụ *Tracy Chapman* (1988).  A nabatara abọm ahụ nke ọma,  ọ malitekwara ịgagharị ma wuo ndị na-akwado ya. "Fast Car" malitere ịrị elu ya na chaatị US n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe ọ rụchara ya na telivishọn Nelson Mandela 70th Birthday Tribute concert na Wembley Stadium na London na June 1988. N'egwuregwu ahụ, ọ malitere ime obere oge n'ehihie, mana ọ ruru ndị na-ege ntị ka ukwuu mgbe ọ nọ na nkeji ikpeazụ maka Stevie Wonder, onye nwere nsogbu teknụzụ. A na-ekwu na ọ pụtara na ọ na-eme ka ahịa nke otu na abọm dị ngwa. "Fast Car" ghọrọ No. 6 pop hit na  Hot 100 maka izu na-agwụ na August 27, 1988.  Rolling Stone weputara egwu ahụ na ọnụọgụ 167 na ndepụta ha nke 2010 nke "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time". "Talkin' 'bout a Revolution", nke sochiri "Fast Car", depụtara na No. 75 ma soro ya "Baby Can I Hold You", nke ruru na No. 48.  Abọm ahụ rere nke ọma, na-aga ọtụtụ platinum  ma merie Grammy Awards atọ, gụnyere nsọpụrụ maka ya dị ka Best New Artist .  Ka e mesịrị na 1988 ọ bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na Amnesty International Human Rights Now! Njem.

Abọm ya na-esote, Crossroads (1989), enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma n'ahịa karịa nke mbụ ya, mana ọ ka nwetara ọkwa platinum na US. N'afọ 1992, o wepụtara Matters of the Heart .  Abọm ya nke anọ, New Beginning (1995), gosipụtara ihe ịga nke ọma, na-ere ihe karịrị nde ise na US naanị. Abọm ahụ gụnyere egwu egwu "Give Me One Reason", nke meriri Grammy nke 1997 maka Best Rock Song wee bụrụ egwu ya kachasị nwee ihe ịga nke ọma na US ruo ugbu a, na-arị elu na No. 3 na *Billboard* Hot 100,  ma na-aga Platinum. E wepụtara abọm ya nke ise, Telling Stories, n'afọ 2000, ma mesịa bụrụ ọla edo. O weputara abọm nke isii ya, Let It Rain, n'afọ 2002.

Ọ bụ American Conservatory Theater nyere ya ọrụ ide egwu maka mmepụta nke Athol Fugard's Blood Knot, egwuregwu banyere ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na South Africa, nke emere na mbido afọ 2008. Atlantic Records wepụtara abọm studio ya nke asatọ, Our Bright Future (2008).  Abọm ahụ mere ka a họpụta ya na Grammy maka Best Contemporary Folk Album n'afọ sochirinụ.
áká_èkpè|thumb|Chapman na Eric Clapton n'elu ikpo okwu na White House Special dinner Olympics, December 1998
A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye otu 2014 Sundance Film Festival U.S. Documentary jury.  Ọ rụrụ "Stand By Me" nke Ben E. King n'otu n'ime ihe omume ikpeazụ nke *Late Show na David Letterman* na Eprel 2015. Egwuregwu ahụ ghọrọ ihe na-ewu ewu ma bụrụ ihe a na-elekwasị anya na akụkọ akụkọ dị iche iche gụnyere ụfọdụ site na *Billboard* na The Huffington Post.
alt=Chapman clapping and smiling|thumb|Chapman na 2007
On November 20, 2015, she released *Greatest Hits*, consisting of 18 tracks including the live version of "Stand by Me". The album is her first global compilation release. &#x5B;*nbsp;sourcenbsp;needed*&#x5D;

N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2018, ọ gbara onye rapper Nicki Minaj akwụkwọ maka mmebi iwu nwebiisinka, na-ebo ebubo na Minaj debara abụ ya "Baby Enwere m ike ijide gị".[1] Chapman kwuru na ọ 'gọrọ agọọ ugboro ugboro' ikike ka edoro ya akwụkwọ akụkọ "Baby Can I Jide Gị". Okwu ikpe ahụ kwuru na Minaj mebiri ikike nwebiisinka ya (a) site n'ịme abụ "Apology" na (b) site n'ikesa ya; ọ rịọrọ ka e nye iwu ka ọ gbochie Minaj ikiri egwu ahụ. Dị ka ikpe ahụ si kwuo, Chapman nwere ikike zuru oke nke egwu ahụ. Na Septemba 2020, onye ọka ikpe mpaghara US Virginia A. Phillips kpebiri ịkwado Minaj na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mbụ, na-ekwupụta na ojiji Minaj ji abụ Chapman bụ iji ezi ihe eji ụfọdụ ihe nwebiisinka eme ihe.[2] Otú ọ dị, ọkàikpe ahụ kwuru na a ga-achụpụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke abụọ nke ikpe ahụ. Na Jenụwarị 2021, ebibiri akwụkwọ ikpe ahụ ka Minaj gbara Chapman akwụkwọ maka $450,000.[3]

Na mbido ntuli aka onye isi ala nke United States nke afọ 2020, ọ rụrụ "Talkin' 'bout a Revolution' na *Late Night na Seth Meyers*, na-agba ndị mmadụ ume ịtụ vootu.

Mgbe Luke Combs' version of her song "Fast Car" hit number one on the Country Airplay chart in July 2023, Chapman ghọrọ Black woman mbụ na-enweta a country number one with a solo composition. Na 57th Annual Country Music Association Awards na Nọvemba 2023, ọ ghọrọ nwanyị ojii mbụ weghaara CMA Award, merie Song of the Year maka "Fast Car", nke mekwara ka ọ bụrụ onye edemede egwu ojii mbụ meriri ihe nrite ahụ. N'oge 66th Grammy Awards na Febụwarị 4, 2024, ọ sonyeere Combs n'elu ikpo okwu iji bụrụ "Fast Car".  

## Mgbalị ọha na eze
Chapman na-etinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ọha mmadụ. N'ajụjụ ọnụ 2009 na National Public Radio, o kwuru, sị, "M na-abịakwute m site n'ọtụtụ òtù na ọtụtụ ndị na-achọ ka m kwado mgbalị ọrụ ebere ha dị iche iche n'ụzọ ụfọdụ. M na-ele anya na arịrịọ ndị ahụ na m na-agbalị ime ihe m nwere ike ime. Na enwere m ụfọdụ ọdịmma onwe onye, n'ozuzu mmasị na ikike mmadụ. Nkwuwapụta Ụwa Nile nke Human Rights na Amnesty International na-asọpụrụ ndị ọchịchị Africa.[2] N'otu afọ ahụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Nelson Mandela ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. 70th birthday, ihe omume nke welitere ego maka South Africa Anti-Apartheid Movement na ọtụtụ ọrụ ebere ụmụaka. a duet na Luciano Pavarotti's "Baby M Pụrụ ijide Gị n'abalị a"[4] N'afọ 2004, ọ rụrụ ma mee na mmemme AIDS/LifeCycle.

Ọ na-etinye aka na ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị nke Cleveland, na-emepụta vidiyo egwu agụmakwụkwọ na-egosipụta ihe ndị a rụzuru n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Africa na America. Ọ kwadoro "Crossroads in Black History", asọmpi edemede maka ụmụ akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Cleveland na obodo ndị ọzọ.

Ọ natara nzere doctorate na Mahadum Saint Xavier dị na Chicago na 1997.  N'afọ 2004, e nyere ya nzere doctorate na Fine Arts site n'aka alma mater ya, Mahadum Tufts, na-amata mkpebi ya maka ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.
 
N'abalị iri na isii n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2023, ndị isi ala South Africa mara ọkwa na a ga-enye Chapman na ndị ọzọ National Order - The Order of the Companions of O. R. Tambo nke "na-amata ndị mba ọzọ a ma ama maka ọbụbụenyi egosiri South Africa. Ya mere, ọ bụ Order of peace, cooperation and active expression of solidarity and support". E nyere ya Silver "maka enyemaka ya na ọgụ maka nnwere onwe site na Ntinye aka na mgbalị iji tọhapụ Nelson Mandela na ịkwalite mmata banyere mmebi ikike mmadụ n'ememe n'ụwa niile".  Ememe n'April 28, 2023

Chapman na-emekarị ihe omume ebere dịka Make Poverty History, AmfAR, na AIDS / LifeCycle. Ọ bụ onye na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị.

## Ndụ onwe onye
Ọ bụ ezie na Chapman ekwughị n'ihu ọha banyere mmasị mmekọahụ ya, onye edemede Alice Walker kwuru na ya na Chapman nọ na mmekọrịta ịhụnanya n'etiti afọ ndị 1990.  Chapman na-enwe nkewa siri ike n'etiti ndụ onwe ya na nke ọrụ ya. "Enwere m ndụ ọha na eze nke bụ ndụ ọrụ m ma enwere m ndụ onwe m", ka o kwuru. "N'ụzọ ụfọdụ, mkpebi nke idebe ihe abụọ ahụ dị iche na-emetụta ọrụ m na-eme. "  Chapman bi na San Francisco. 

## Ihe Nketa
A gụrụ otu okporo ámá aha Tracy Chapman na Saint-Jean-d'Heurs, obodo ime obodo nke France.

## Nkọwapụta

### Abọm studio

* *Tracy Chapman* (1988) 
* *Okporo ụzọ* (1989) 
* *Ihe Ndị Dị n'Obi* (1992) 
* *Mmalite Ọhụrụ* (1995) 
* *Akụkọ Akụkọ* (2000) 
* *Ka mmiri zoo* Ka O Suo (2002) 
* *Ebe Ị Bi* (2005) 
* Ọdịnihu Anyị Dị Mma (2008) 

## Onyinye na nhọpụta

### Ihe nrite Grammy

### Ihe nrite na nhọpụta ndị ọzọ

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga
 

* Tracy ChapmannaAllMusic 
* Tracy Chapmandiski naDiscogs 
* Tracy Chapmandiski naMusicBrainz 

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