Maraimalai Adigal

**''Maraimalai'' Adigal** (15 Julaị 1876 - 15 Septemba 1950) bụ onye edemede Tamil Saivite, onye ọkà okwu na nna nke òtù Tanittamil Iyakkam. O dere ihe karịrị akwụkwọ otu narị, gụnyere ọrụ ndị e sitere na uri na ihe nkiri ndị mbụ na ọrụ nnyocha ndị a ma ama na Akwụkwọ Tamil na Saivism nweta. O guzobere ụlọ ọrụ Saivite a na-akpọ *Podhunilaik Kazhagam*. Ọ bụ onye na-egosipụta òtù Tanittamil Iyakkam a ma na-ewere ya dị ka nna nke Purism asụsụ Tamil. Ọ kwadoro iji asụsụ Tamil na-enweghị okwu Sanskrit dị n'ime ya ma gbanwee aha ọmụmụ ya *Vedhachalam* ka ọ bụrụ Maraimalai.

Na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ọ na-achọsi ike abụghị onye nkwado Brahminism ma were òtù Self-Respect Movement dị ka nkewa nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ onye ọkà mmụta nke Tamil, o nwere ezi ikike mmụta na Sanskrit yana n'asụsụ Bekee. Maraimalai Adigal jụrụ echiche nke Periyar E. V. Ramasamy ma weta ọtụtụ afọ nke esemokwu n'etiti ha abụọ. Maraimalai Adigal jiri ihe ka ukwuu n'ego ọ na-enweta zụta akwụkwọ ma mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, e mere nchịkọta ya ka ọ bụrụ ọbá akwụkwọ dịka ọ chọrọ.

## Ndụ Mmalite
A mụrụ Maraimalai Adigal na 15 Julaị 1876 nye Cokkanata Pillai na Cinnammai. Aha ọmụmụ ya bụ Vedhachalam. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ n'oge ọ bụ nwata na Wesley Mission High School dị na Nagappattinam, mana ọ hapụrụ agụmakwụkwọ ya na klasị nke anọ mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị. 

## Agụmakwụkwọ n'akwụkwọ ọgụgụ Tamil
Maraimalai Adigal n'agbanyeghị na ọ kwụsịrị agụmakwụkwọ ya mgbe ọ gachara klas nke itoolu, ọ gara n'ihu na-amụta asụsụ Tamil site n'aka onye ọkà mmụta Tamil bụ Narayana Pillai, onye na-enweta ihe ọ na-eri site na ire akwụkwọ nkwụ Tamil e dèrè ihe na ha. Ọ mụtara asụsụ Bekee site na mgbalị nke ya. O mechara dee ọtụtụ isiokwu na Tamil kwa ọnwa a na-akpọ *Neelalochani* . O mechara mụọ nkà ihe ọmụma Saiva n'okpuru Somasundara Naicker. Site n'enyemaka nke Sundaram Pillai, onye dere *Manonmaniam*, ọ mụtara ihe nkiri uri Tamil wee si otú a nweta ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi Tamil n'ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na Trivandrum.

## Ọrụ
Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asaa, ọ lụrụ Soundaravalli ma n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe ọ lụsịrị nwanyị, ọ kwagara Madras ịrụ ọrụ dị ka osote onye nchịkọta akụkọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ *Siddantha Deepikai*. Ka e mesịrị, na Machị 1898, ọ hapụrụ ọrụ a iji soro V. G. Suryanarana Sastri rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi na Madras Christian College. N'oge ọ nọ na Madras Christian College, ọ gara njem na Tamil Nadu niile na-akụzi ihe gbasara Saivam. N'ihe dị ka n'otu oge ahụ, ọ malitere otu ụlọ ọrụ maka Saivam a na-akpọ *Saiva Siddhanta Maha Samajam* .  Dị ka onye nkuzi na-eto eto, ọ na-ewu ewu n'etiti ụmụ akwụkwọ ya bụ ndị ga-eleta ụlọ ya iji gee ntị na nkuzi ya.

N'afọ 1910, Mahadum Madras mere mkpebi ime ka asụsụ Tamil bụrụ ihe nhọrọ iji gụsịa n'isi ọmụmụ nkà, na-ahapụ asụsụ Bekee dịkanaanị asụsụ e jị akụzi ihe.  Mkpebi a mere ka ọtụtụ ndị nkụzi asụsụ Tamil tufuo ọrụ ha. N'ịchọpụta nnukwu amamiihe nakwa nnukwu ihe o nwere ike imenwu dịka onye nkuzi, Miller, onye bụ onye isi Christian College Madras mgbe ahụ, na ndị Enyi ya ndị ọzọ siri ọnwụ ka enye Adigal ọrụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ. Ebe ọ bụ na e wedala oghere ikuzi Tamil nke ukwuu, gụnyere na ọ bụ ụmụ akwụkwọ ole na ole bụ ndị nwere mmasị ịmụ ya, nke a mere na achọghịzi onye nkuzi oge niile maka asụsụ Tamil. Adigal jụrụ ọrụ ahụ ma gbaa arụkwaghịm gaa biri n'ebe dịpụrụ adịpụ dị nwayọọ na mpụga nke obodo ahụ nakwa ịmụ na imekwu nnyocha na Tamil. &#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Ọrụ ya na akwụkwọ ọgụgụ Tamil
Ewezuga ịbụ ezigbo onye ọkà okwu, Adigal dere ọtụtụ uri Tamil. O dere ihe karịrị akwụkwọ otu narị. Ewezuga edemede na akwụkwọ akụkọ hà, o dere akwụkwọ ndị na-ekwu maka nkatọ akwụkwọ, nkà ihe ọmụma na okpukpe, akụkọ ihe mere eme, nkà mmụta uche na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. E bipụtara nchịkọta uri ya nye chi Hindu Sri Murugan, nke o dere n'oge ọrịa dị ka *Thiruvotri Muruhar Mummanikkovai* na 1900. O dekwara uri site na ncheta nke onye nkuzi ya Somasundara Naiker na 1901 dị ka *Somasundarak Kaanjiaakkam*. A na-ewere nke a dị ka otu n'ime ọrụ ya kachasị mma. O weputara ọrụ nnyocha ya na akwukwo ọgụgụ Tamil *Mullaip Pattu Aaraichi* maka ụmụ akwụkwọ nke akwukwo ọgụgụ tamil. Ọ sụgharịrị 'Abhijñānaśākuntalam'nke Kalidasa gaa n'asụsụ Tamil dị ka *Sakuntalai* . 

Ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ ya ndị a ma ama gụnyere: 

* *Pattinapalaai Aaraaichi-yurai* (1906) 
* *Tamizhthaai* (1933) 
* *Sinthanaikatturaikal* (1908) 
* *Arivuraikkothu* (1921) 
* *Chiruvarkaana Senthamizh* (1934) 
* *Ilainarkaana Inramizh* (1957 - bipụtara mgbe ọ nwụsịrị) 
* *Arivuraikkovai* (1971 - e bipụtara mgbe ọ nwụsịrị) 
* *Maraimalaiyatikal paamanaikkovai* (1977 - e bipụtara mgbe ọ nwụsịrị) 

N'afọ 1911, o bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, *Kumuthavalli allathu Naahanaattarasi*, nke sitere na akwụkwọ akụkọ Bekee *Leela* nke G. W. M. Reynolds dere.

O dekwara akwụkwọ gbasara mmezi onwe onye, enyemaka onwe onye na mmepe mmadụ. Ndị a gụnyere *Maranathin pin Manithar Nilai* (Nkebi Ndụ Mmadụ Mgbe Ọnwụ gasịrị), *Mesmerism na Hypnotism* na *Tholaivil unarthal* (Telepathy).

## Dị ka Swami Vedhachalam
Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị ọrụ nkuzi ya na 10 Eprel 1911, Adigal kwagara Pallavaram, mpaghara Madras. N'ebe ahụ, ọ malitere iyi uwe dị ka *Sanyasin* site na 27 Ọgọst 1911 wee bụrụ onye a maara dị ka *Swami Vedhachalam*. Ọ ghọrọ onye na-esosi ụzọ Saivam ike ma malite ọgbakọ a na-akpọ *Podhunilaik Kazhagam*. Otu oge, na nzukọ na Madras, ọ zutere V.O Chidambaram Pillai. E debere ụkpụrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ *Ondre Kulam, Oruvanae Devan* (Mmadụ niile bụ otu, Chineke bụkwa otu). Ndị Kazhagam mere mgbalị iji mee ka ndị mmadụ si n'ụdị niile, nkwenkwe na okpukpe niile na-efekọ Sri Siva ọnụ. Ọ malitere ụlọ ọrụ mbipụta akwụkwọ Thiru Murugan (TM Press) n'ụlọ ya na Pallavaram ma bipụta ọtụtụ akwụkwọ na magazin. Ọ malitekwara akwụkwọ mbipụta kwa ọnwa a na-akpọ *Gnaana Saaharam* (Oké Osimiri nke Amamihe). 

## Okpukpe Tamil dị ọcha Tanittamil Iyakkam
 
N'afọ 1916 ọ ghọrọ ọkachamara n'ihe omume Tamil dị ọcha na-akwado iji asụsụ Tamil na-enweghị okwu mgbazite sitere na Sanskrit. N'ihi ya, ọ gbanwere aha *Gnaana Saaharam* ka ọ bụrụ *Arivukkadal* na aha ya nke Swami Vedhachalam ka ọ bụrụ *Maraimalai Adigal* (ebe Adigal bụ Tamil n'asụsụ Swami).  N'ihi ya, a na-akpọ ya "Nna nke Puritanism Tamil".   

## Maraimalai Adigal na òtù Self-respect movement

### Òtù Ndị Na-abụghị nke Brahmin
Ewezuga na a na-akpọ ya nna nke òtù Tamil dị ọcha, a na-ewerekwa Maraimalai Adigal dị ka nna nke òtù ndị Tamil na-abụghị nke Brahmin. Maraimalai Adigal n'onwe ya kwuru na echiche na ụkpụrụ nke abụghị ndị Brahmin nke sitere n'òtù Self Respect Movement bụ ma echiche na ụkpụrụ nke ya ka o si pụta. Ka o sina dị, Maraimalai Adigal na ndị na-eso ụzọ ya hụrụ echiche nke ekweghị na Chineke nke Periyar E. V. Ramasamy, onye na-eduzi òtù Self-respect movement, dị ka ihe na-adịghị arụpụta ihe. N'isiokwu a, Ilavalaganar, nwa akwụkwọ nke Maraimalai Adigal dere, sị:
 Saivism enweghị maọbụ otu kpọm odịiche n'etiti ya na ebumnuche nke òtù Self-respect movement. Òtù Self-respect movement biliri ikpochapụ echiche ụgha nke Brahmanism pụọ n'ebe ndị Tamil nọ ma tinye nkwanyere onwé ùgwù n'ime ha. Saivism na-emekwa otu ihe ahụ. Òtù Self-respect Movement na-asọ ndị Brahmin nke Aryan oyi. Saivism kwa ahughị ndị Aryan Brahmin n'anya ma otu ... Òtù Self-respect movement na-achọ ka ha bulite ndị obi ha dara mba. Nke a bụkwa ebumnuche isi sekpụ ntị nke Saivism.... Òtù Self-respect movement na-emegide ịkpa òkè agbụrụ n'etiti ndi Tamil. Saivism kwa na-ekwusikwa otu ihe ahụ ike... Mgbe e nwere ọtụtụ ihe oyiyi jikọrọ ha, kedụ ihe ga-eme na [òtù Self Respect] ga na-akọtọ ma na-ama ndị ozi Saivism na nke Saivite ikpe?.

### Ihe dị iche na ya na Òtù Self Respect Movement
Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ onye na-akwado òtù Self-respect Movement na mbụ, nke ọ hụrụ dị ka òtù na-abụghị nke Brahmin, ọ megidesiri echiche nke ekweghị na Chineke nke ndị ndu ya. N'otu oge ọ gwara Ulaganatha Mudaliar, nwanne nwoke Thiru Vi. Kaliyanasundara Mudaliar (Thiru Vi. Ka dị ka a maara ya nke ọma) na onye ọkà mmụta Saivite a ma ama n'onwe ya, ka ọ hazie njem nleta steeti niile iji gbochie mgbasa ozi nke Self-respect movement. Maraimalai Adigal lere òtù Self-respect anya dị ka ọrụ aka nke ndị Telugu Vaishnavites. Banyere nke a, Maraimalai Adigal dere
 
Kalyanasundara Mudaliar, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ Saivite n'onwe ya, enweghị nkwekọrịta ya na Maraimalai Adigal. Kalyanasundaram jụrụ ibipụta edemede Maraimalai Adigal megide òtù Self Respect na akwụkwọ akụkọ ya.  Enweghị mmasị a dị n'etiti Maraimalai Adigal na ndị òtù Self-respect movement gosipụtakwara na *Kudiarasu*, òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Self-respect movement na-azọrọ na Maraimalai Adigal nọ na-akpọ òkù ka e gbuo Periyar.

### Ndozi Esemokwu
N'ikpeazụ, mgbe ọtụtụ afọ nke nghọtahie gasịrị, ma Maraimalai Adigal na Periyar ghọtara na nghọtahịe ahụ na-emerụ ọdịmma ha arụ, ha wéé chọwa ụzọ maka ịdị n'otu. Periyar rịọrọ Maraimalai Adigal mgbaghara n'enweghị ihe mgbochi,  na nzaghachi, Maraimalai Adigal dere otu usoro na *Ramayana* na nnupụisi kwa izu nke Periyar dere n'Asụsụ Bekee. Ọ bụ ezie na ịrịọ mgbaghara na ime udo ahụ dị naanị n'etiti Periyar na Maraimalai Adigal, ọdịiche dị n'echiche ha ka mere ka ndị na-eso ụzọ ha na-alụrịta ọgụ.

## Ọba Akwụkwọ Maraimalai Adigal
Maraimalai Adigal jiri ihe ka ukwuu n'ego ọ na-enweta zụta akwụkwọ. Nnyocha banyere ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ ya na-egosi na n'etiti 20 Eprel 1923 ruo 10 Ọgọst 1930 ngụkọta nke mmadụ otu puku, narị asatọ na iri ise na abụọ gbaziiri akwụkwọ ya.  Ndị na-agụ ya gụnyere ndị si Madras Presidency, Sri Lanka, Burma na Malaysia. Mgbe ọ nwụrụ, na 15 Septemba 1950,  dị ka ucheobi ya o dere ede si dị, a hapụụrụ ndị Tamil Nadu akwụkwọ ndị ahụ ma si otú a malite ọbá akwụkwọ a kpọrọ aha ya na 1958 site n'aka MD ya nke oge ahụ, Padmashri V.Subbiah Pillai nke South India Saiva Siddhanta Works Publishing Society Ltd. na Linghi Street, Chennai. site n'ịgbakwunye nchịkọta akwụkwọ ndị Tamil a na-adịghị ahụkebe  Ọbá akwụkwọ ahụ bụ ndepụta nke akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ, ụfọdụ e bipụtara laa azụ dịka ebe 1779. Na Mee 2008, Gọọmentị Tamil Nadu nyere aka site n'ikenye ohere na Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ Ọhaneze Connemara mana nchikwa nke ọ́bá akwụkwọ ahụ ka dị n'aka MD Rajagopal Muthukumaraswamy nke South India Saiva Siddhanta Works Publishing Society.

## Ihe Ndị E Deturu

## Edensibịa

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