open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ugbo Sheldon

**Sheldon Farms** bụ ugbo ezinụlọ na mpaghara Battenk Kill Valley nke New York dị na Washington County na obodo Salem . Ugbo nke ọgbọ nke isii na-arụ ọrụ kemgbe 1845.  Ugbo ahụ bụ 600 acres (2.4 km   n'ogo dị na Battenkill River na White Creek nke bara ụba na mineral na-enye aka na egwu nke ihe ọkụkụ ha. Ugbo a na-eji 250 acres (1.0 km   nke ala ya maka mmepụta. 

A maara ugbo a maka inine ya nkenke gụnyere nduku Green Mountain, Ozette Potato, Radiator Charlie's Mortgage Lifter tomato, na Aunt Molly's Husk tomato (aka Ground Cherry ).   Ha na-emepụtakwa ụdị nduku ngwakọ Adirondack Red poteto, Adirondack Blue nduku nke Mahadum Cornell mepụtara.  Ezinụlọ Sheldon mepere ahịa n'ugbo ha na 1999 wee webata agwa agwa ndụ ndụ, peas, zukini na zukini oge okpomọkụ, eggplant varietal, ugu, skwọsh oyi, Brussels pulite, kale, tomatillos, na okooko osisi oriri na ngwakọta mmepụta ha.  N'oge opupu ihe ubi ubi na-emepụta maple sirop . 

Sheldon Farms bụ onye otu Saratoga Farmers' Market Association, Nganga nke New York, na Slow Food USA . 

## Edensibia
Terra Madre

thumb|300x300px| Terra Madre 2008, mmemme mmeghe na Pala Isozaki
**Terra Madre** bụ netwọk obodo nri. Ndị otu Slow Food grass roots hibere netwọk Terra Madre, ebumnuche ya bụ inye obere ndị ọrụ ugbo, ndị na-azụ anụ, ndị ọkụ azụ na ndị ọrụ nri nri nke ụzọ ha si emepụta nri na-echebe gburugburu na obodo. Netwọk ahụ na-ejikọta ha na ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ, ndị na-esi nri, ndị na-azụ ahịa na ndị ntorobịa ka ha wee nwee ike jikọọ aka n'ịrụ ọrụ iji melite usoro nri . 

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Nzukọ Terra Madre nke mbụ mere na Turin na 2004 ma ndị nnọchiteanya 5,000 sitere na mba 130 gara. Usoro ihe omume gụnyere 61 Earth Workshops . Nzukọ Torino (Turin) Terra Madre na-ezukọ kwa afọ abụọ na ọdịda. N'October 2006 (October 26 ruo Ọktoba 30), Terra Madre dọtara ihe karịrị ndị sonyere 9,000. Terra Madre 2006 lekwasịrị anya na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti obodo nri, ndị na-esi nri, mahadum na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị. 

## Nzukọ Terra Madre

 
A na-ezube nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe Terra Madre ka ha lekwasị anya na isiokwu ndị dị ka imegide ihe oriri ndị gbanwere mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa (GM), mmepe nke nri organic, nkwado, ikike mmiri, na mmetụta nke ijikọ ụwa ọnụ na omenala nri omenala.

## Ntụaka
Ọktoba 30), Terra Madre dọtara ihe karịrị ndị sonyere 9,000. Terra Madre 2006 lekwasịrị anya

## Njikọ mpụga

* Weebụsaịtị gọọmentị (na Italian, Bekee, German, Spanish, French, Portuguese, Japanese, Russian)
* Cifor.cgiar.org
* Eau.sagepub.com
* Vitaminrelief.org
Siranga

Siranga bụ nke Kibera slum na Nairobi .  A na-eme na ndị bi na ya dị 150,000.  [1] Ndị ọrụ ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ na Nairobi dị na Siranga.  [2] ndị ọzọ nke Kibera egwu Laini Saba, Lindi, Makina, Kianda, Gatwekera, Soweto East, Kisumu Ndogo, Mugumoini, Makongeni, Kichinjio na Mashimoni   

## Hụkwa

* Kambi Muru
* Raila
* Shilanga

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Obodo Ọhụrụ Kru

New Kru Town bụ mpaghara ugwu mgbanaka mmalite nke oké osimiri Monrovia, Liberia 

## Nchịkọta

New Kru Town bụ mpaghara ugwu ụjọ nke Monrovia, nke dị na nstụtụ ugwu Bushrod Island .  Ọ bụ ikike dị na Liberia

Obodo toro dị ka obodo Old Kru nke a na-eme ahụ na-eme na-eme ngosi mgbe Agha ịhụnanya nke hụrụ mgbe "A chụpụrụ Old Kru Town maka mkpa nke mmiri mmirika maka ụgbọ mmiri mmiri site n'ịhụnanya Liberia"  .  [1] N'ịbụ nke dị ebe ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Saint Paul na-ezute n'Oké nọrọ Atlantic, nọrọ azụ̀ n'oké osimiri bụ ihe dị mkpa na-akpata ego

Mpaghara mkpọkọ ọnụ, e nweela esemokwu agbụrụ.[1]  A na-ewu ụlọ ndị squat na mpaghara ndị na-adịghị mma na na 2013, nnukwu mmiri na-ekpochapụ ụlọ 200.[2]  Na 2019 Onye isi ala George Weah họpụtara Tarpeh D. Carter ka ọ bụrụ gọvanọ New Kru Town, dochie Alice Weah.[3]  New Kru Town mebere mpaghara ntuli aka Montserrado-16

## Ala ala
LNdị ozi ala ọzọ America wuru ụlọ ụka “dị egwu” na New Kru Town n'ihe dịka 1975. [1] O ezinụlọ ụlọ ọgwụ ezinụlọ na ọtụtụ nde dollar D. Tweh Memorial High School, "nkenke aha ya na nke Tolbert  tupu 1980 ndị mgbagha".  [2] Otu ụzọ, Botoe Avenue, bụ aha Thomas Nimene Botoe .L

## Ọnụọgụ igwe mmadụ
thumb| New Kru Town n'ime Greater Monrovia District
E kewara Obodo Kru ọhụrụ (ma ọ bụ Mpaghara Z100) n'ime obodo iri na anọ;

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
A zụrụ ya

***Zụrụ ahịa: Ike na-awụ akpata oyi n'ahụ nke ụlọ ahịa Britain*** bụ akwụkwọ nke onye ode akwụkwọ Britain na onye nta akụkọ nyocha bụ Joanna Blythman bipụtara nke izizi ụlọ anọ na 2004.    Otu onye nyocha kọwara dị ka "mwakpo na-akpali akpali na nke ilu megide omenala nnukwu ụlọ ahịa [Britain]" akwụkwọ ahụ na-enyocha otú ụlọ ahịa ụlọ ahịa si gbanwee "nri, obodo, ime obodo na akụnụba" na Britain ma na-arụ ụka na ndị na-azụ ahịa ejiriwo n'amaghị ama" nyefee ikike n'ihe [ha. ] rie nri na agbụ dị ike ole na ole."    Yana Felicity Lawrence's *Not On The Label* (2004) na Colin Tudge 's *So Shall We Reap* (2003), ụfọdụ ndị nkatọ hụrụ *Shopped* dị ka ihe na-anọchi anya ihu ihu nke apụta, radical Slow Food ije na Europe.  Akwụkwọ ahụ nyere aka guzobe aha Blythman dị ka "otu n'ime ndị na-akọwa nkọwa" na nnukwu ụlọ ahịa Britain.  Ọ bụ onye mmeri nke akwụkwọ nri kacha mma na onyinye nri nri na ihe ọṅụṅụ 2005 Glenfiddich wee depụta aha ya maka onyinye nrite 2005 Guild of Food Writers' Awards .  

## Hụkwa

* Ahịa
* Mba nri nwayọ
* *Mmetụta Wal-Mart*

## Edensibia
Europe.  Akwụkwọ ahụ nyere aka guzobe aha Blythman dị ka "otu n'ime ndị na-akọwa
Mmụta na-adịghị ngwa

**Agụmakwụkwọ dị nwayọ** dabere na Socratic, mgbanwe na usoro na-abụghị ụkpụrụ dabere na ụzọ nkuzi. Agụmakwụkwọ dị nwayọ bụ akụkụ mmeghachi omume maka ihe ndị nkuzi na-enwe oke mkpakọ nke ọdịnaya chọrọ site na usoro ọmụmụ mba ụwa, nke ọtụtụ ndị nkuzi chọpụtara na ụmụ akwụkwọ enweghị ike ikpuchi n'ime otu afọ na omimi zuru oke.  Agụmakwụkwọ dị nwayọ bụkwa mmeghachi omume maka mmụba nke ule ahazi, na-akwado oke nha nke ịga nke ọma nke nwa akwụkwọ na onye nkuzi.  Agụmakwụkwọ nwayọ na-abụkarị ihe n'ụlọ akwụkwọ n'efu, onye kwuo uche ya na nke ụlọ .  Agbanyeghị, ọ nwere ike ịbụ ihe dị mkpa na klaasị ọ bụla, gụnyere ndị nọ na nkwadebe kọleji na gburugburu ebe siri ike. Okwu a bụ "agụmakwụkwọ nwayọ" sitere na ọdịiche dị n'etiti nri ngwa ngwa na nri ngwa ngwa ma ọ bụ nri junk, na ọ bụ mbọ iji jikọta mma, omenala, nkwado na nhazi onwe ya na agụmakwụkwọ dị mma.   

## Hụkwa

* Waldorf agụmakwụkwọ

## Edensibia
Agụmakwụkwọ nwayọ na-abụkarị ihe n'ụlọ akwụkwọ n'efu, onye kwuo uche ya na nke ụlọ .  Agbanyeghị, ọ nwere ike ịbụ ihe dị mkpa
Bodija

Bodija bụ nsogbu dị na Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria .  ami ሜዳ aha ya site na nke aha ya dị elu, ụlọ obibi nke akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ nke Western Nigeria Region kere mgbe akwụkwọ onwe nke Nigeria nchebe.  Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị nwe ụlọ mbụ bụ ndị ikọ, ndị ikpe, ndị isi na ndị ọrụ obodo dị elu.  Arị mbụ nke Old Bodija obodo site na "Bodija ọhụrụ" na '70s.  Ala ahụ bụ ụlọ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ama ama na ahụ.  N'afọ 80s, akara na osisi aha ya bụ Bodija Market bụ ebe dị nso na ụlọ obibi ma bụrụ otu n'ime akara na Ibadan .  Azụmahịa ụlọ ọrụ n'oge na-adịbeghị anya ebutela nkwụsị nke ọtụtụ ụlọ obibi na ụlọ ọrụ na azụmahịa.

## Njikọ mpụga

* Map nke Bodija
* Ọdachi na Bodija
* Ụgbọ njem na ahịa Bodija
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Ịdị nwayọọ

**Ibi ndụ nwayọ** bụ ụzọ ndụ nke na-akwado iji nwayọọ na-abịaru nso n'akụkụ ndụ kwa ụbọchị,  gụnyere imecha ihe omume n'ọsọụtụ.  Isi mmalite nke ụdị ndụ a jikọtara ya na ngagharị nri ndị Italy na-eji nwayọ nwayọ, nke kwusiri ike na usoro mmepụta nri ọdịnala na nzaghachi na-ewu ewu nke nri ngwa ngwa n'oge 1980s na 1990s. Ibi ndụ nwayọ na-agụnye ụdị ngalaba dị iche iche dị ka ego na-adịghị ngwa na obodo ndị na-adịghị ngwa ngwa,  bụ nke a na-atụ aro ka ọ bụrụ ihe ngwọta maka nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na-adịghị mma nke isi ike na ịzụ ahịa n'ikwekọ na ebumnuche nke mmegharị akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ .

Ntugharị ibi ndụ dị nwayọ na-elekwasịkwa anya n'echiche bụ na ụzọ ibi ndụ ngwa ngwa bụ ọgba aghara, ebe iji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-agba ume ịnụ ụtọ ndụ, inwe ekele miri emi nke ahụmahụ mmetụta uche, na ikike nke 'ibi ndụ ugbu a'. Agbanyeghị, ibi ndụ nwayọ anaghị egbochi nnabata ụfọdụ teknụzụ dị ka ekwentị mkpanaaka, ịntanetị, na ịnweta ngwaahịa na ọrụ .  

A na-ejikarị aha a na-akpọ "SLOW" chịkọta ebumnuche nke ibi ndụ nwayọ: 

* S: adigide ,
* L: mpaghara (iji ihe na ngwaahịa emepụtara na mpaghara),
* O: organic (na-ezere ihe ndị toro ma ọ bụ mee site na iji nsị ma ọ bụ mebere mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ),
* W: dum (anaghị edozi ya).

## Hụkwa
 

## Edensibia
ume ịnụ ụtọ ndụ, inwe ekele miri emi nke ahụmahụ mmetụta uche, na ikike nke 'ibi ndụ

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* N'otuto nke Slow: Ịma aka Cult of Speed, Carl Honoré, 2004, HarperOne
* Va Bene, Katherine Stirling, New Yorker, Eprel 7, 2008, eweghachiri 1/20/2016
Kakuri

Kakuri bụ mpaghara obibi na Nigeria .  Ọ bụ mpaghara Kaduna ma dị n'okpuru ime obodo Kaduna South.  Ọ nwere St. Gerard Hospital na Gwamna Awan General Hospital.  [1] [2] akwụkwọ ndekọ, ụlọ akwụkwọ nke akwụkwọ uche na St. Anne's Nursery na Primary yana Victory Academy, ụlọ akwụkwọ ECWA nke abụọ na Excel.  [3] [4] [5] O nweghị ọdụ ụgbọ oloko.  [6] Ọ bụ etiti ụlọ ọrụ Kaduna.  [7] Nigerian-German Chemicals PLC, Prosan Engineering, Peugeot Automobile Nigeria na Chanchangi Motors Ltd. na-arụ ọrụ na Kakuri.  [8] [9] [10] [11] Christ Apostolic Church na St. Paul Anglịkan dị na Kakuri.  [12] ebe ahụ.  [13] Kakuri foto ụlọ akwụkwọ mpịakọta.  [14] Matthew Kukah, mgbe ahụ-Vicar General nke Catholic Dayosis Kaduna bi na Kakuri ma ugbu a bishọp nke Sokoto.  [15] Onye bụbu Louiseala ụgbọ bụ Olusegun Obasanjo bụ ọrụ na ndị agha na Kakuri.  Chief Omadachi Egboche onye bụbu oche nke ndị ọrụ ọkụ eletrik nke Nigeria (LECAN ngalaba Kakuri) bụ onye bi.  mgbaàmà gbara Kakuri gburugburu Nassarawa n'ebe ugwu, Trikania n'ebe emu emume, Barnawa n'iddi mmalite yana Gonigora n'ደቀ ndịda.  [16] Kakuri nwere Associationrụ maka ume ọhụrụ .

## Ntụaka
.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Ndepụta nke ogige ntụrụndụ na Naịjirịa

thumb|300x300px|  Broad Street na Lagos
Nke a bụ ndepụta mkpọ ụlọ na Lagos

## Mkpọkpọ ụlọ

* Agege
* Ajegunle
* Amukoko
* Badia
* Bariga
* Bodija
* Ijeshatedo/Itire
* Ilaje
* Iwaya
* Makoko
* Mushin
* Oke-Offa Babasale
* Somolu
* Ikorodu

## Hụkwa

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Ịkpa ubi n'ụzọ dị nwayọ

**Ịkọ ugbo na-adịghị ngwa ngwa** bụ ụzọ nkà ihe ọmụma gbasara ịkọ ugbo nke na-agba ndị na-eso ụzọ ume ka ha na-ekpori ndụ ihe ọ bụla ha na-eme, na-eji mmetụta uche niile, n'oge niile, n'agbanyeghị ụdị ụdị ubi.  Ugbo nwayo na-emetụtakwa ndị mmadụ na-eto akwụkwọ nri, herbs, okooko osisi, na mkpụrụ osisi, yana ndị na-achọ ahịhịa nke ha, ma ọ bụ nwee ntụrụndụ siri ike dị ka topiary, bonsai ma ọ bụ osisi hybridizing. Ezubere ya iji kwalite mmata onwe onye, ọrụ nkeonwe, na nlekọta gburugburu ebe obibi.

## Echiche
Ọ bụ onye American horticulturist na onye ode akwụkwọ ubi Felder Rushing malitere ọrụ ugbo nwayọ, onye sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ sitere na nzukọ nri Slow . 

Ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi nke ịkọ ugbo dị nwayọọ gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ na ụzọ Gestalt . Ebumnuche bụ isi nke mmegharị nwayọ nwayọ bụ ka ndị na-eso ya mara ihe na otu ha na-eme ihe ma na-atụle etu o siri metụta ihe niile. Echiche ịkọ ubi nwayọ:

* na-eji ahụmahụ, aka-na-abịaruo ubi ubi
* na-echebara ogige ahụ dum (ma ọ bụ onye na-elekọta ubi - ahụ, uche na mmụọ)
* na-enyocha ihe na-eme ugbu a (nke a na ugbu a)
* na-emesi ike ịmata onwe onye
* na-akwado ibu ọrụ nke onwe (ubi).
* na-ekweta iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe, nghọta, na ihe okike nke onye na-elekọta ubi
* na-aghọta na onye na-elekọta ubi bụ isi n'usoro ọrụ ubi.

## Edensibia
ubi.  Ugbo nwayo na-emetụtakwa ndị mmadụ na-eto akwụkwọ nri, herbs, okooko Felder Rushing malitere ọrụ ugbo nwayọ, onye

## Njikọ mpụga

* Blọọgụ biputere na ọrụ ugbo nwayọ
* Ilekọta & Ịzụlite Succulents
* Ihe onyonyo nke ụlọ na ubi
Ndepụta nke ogige ntụrụndụ na Mauritania

Nke a bụ ndepụta mkpọ ụlọ na Mauritania.

* Arafat, Mauritania
* Dar-Naim
* El Mina, Mauritania
* Sebkha, Mauritania

## Hụkwa

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Ndepụta nke ogige ntụrụndụ na Eswatini

Nke a bụ ndepụta mkpọ ụlọ na Eswatini (Swaziland) .

* Moneni &#x5B; ** &#x5D;
* Msunduza
* Nkawlini 

Enwere ihe dị ka 200 slum ma ọ bụ ndị ọbịa na-ahụ n'ozi dịka nke 2004 mana site na Swaziland Urban Development Project (SUDP) ụlọ ọhụrụ e wuru maka ndị bi na 2005 na-eme Eswatini otu n'ime mba ole na  ole na Africa na- mkpọmkpọ ebe.  Ọ bụ ebe na a na-eme akwụkwọ na ihe nkiri 5% nke ndị bi n'ime ime obodo na Eswatini bi n' canza ọdịnala nke osisi na aptịtị ji mee.

## Hụkwa

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Prọfesọ Na-adịghị Amamihe

***Prọfesọ na-adịghị ngwa ngwa: ịma aka omenala nke ọsọ na Academy*** (akwa  ; akwụkwọ  ; EPUB e-akwụkwọ  ) bụ akwụkwọ Maggie Berg na Barbara K. Seeber bipụtara nke Mahadum Toronto Press bipụtara. Ndị na-ede akwụkwọ na-ama aka ngwa ngwa na mahadum ọgbara ọhụrụ kpatara site na njikọ ha.

## Njikọ mpụga
Ndị na-ede akwụkwọ na-ama aka ngwa ngwa

* Nyochaa nke Mahadum Toronto Press
* Nyochaa nke Òtù Ndị Nkụzi Mahadum nke Canada
* Nyochaa site na National Public Radio
Baiganwadi

Govandi (West), nke dị na Mumbai, India .  Baiganwadi nwere ebe mkpọ mkpọ kacha ochie na Mumbai, kewara ya na saịtị nkata na ịgafe okporo ụzọ na olulu mmiri.

## Geography
Baiganwadi dị n'etiti Shivaji Nagr No:1 na Mankhurd .  Ebe mkpọfu mgbaka na Mumbai dị n'ebe ugwu, na n'ikiri mmalite bụ Thane Creek .

## Ndị mmadụ na omenala
Baiganwadi nwere nnukwu mmadụ.  Ọtụtụ ndị nwere ike ịbụ otu ọnụ ụlọ (10 Ft. X 15 Ft).  Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị bi na ya bụ ndị si Bihar na Uttar Pradesh kwabatara.

## Akụ na ụba
Baiganwadi bụ otu n'ime mpaghara ụkọ mmiri kacha njọ na Mumbai. Enweghị ezigbo mmiri na mpaghara ahụ. Enwere ọtụtụ njikọ mmiri na-akwadoghị. 

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Chibolya

Chibolya bụ obodo komboni na Lusaka, Zambia .

E hiwere ya na 1973 ma obodo zie na Lusaka Province .

Ọ bụ ihe a ma ama maka ndị otu na-eme ihe ike n’obodo ahụ.  [1] [2] [3] Ịzụ ọgwụ ọgwụ na-agụ bụ nsogbu a na-ama na mpaghara a, ndị bi na-anabatakwa mmega ahụ dị ọcha site n'aka ndị uwe ojii, Otú ọ dị, na njedebe 2017  , ahụ ike na-adịgide adịgide mgbe ọrụ ahụ, ka ndị na-ere akara na- Celeri azụ n'ibu ha.  [4] Onye isi ala Edgar Lungu iwereghachighachi Chibolya na 2019 

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Na-eto nke Slow

***In Praise of Slow*** ( Aha US ***In Praise of Slowness: Challenging the Cult of Speed*** ) bụ akwụkwọ Carl Honoré  nwere nyocha ya banyere "Cult of Speed", nke ọ na-ekwu na ọ na-aghọ ụkpụrụ ọha mmadụ n'ụwa nile. . Ọ na-ekwurịta ma na-enye otuto Slow Movement na ndị dị iche iche gburugburu ụwa nnọchiteanya nke a ije.

## Edensibia
na-ekwu na ọ na-aghọ ụkpụrụ ọha mmadụ n'ụwa nile. . Ọ na-ekwurịta ma na-enye

## Njikọ mpụga

* Official website
Ọkụ ọkụ na South Africa

Ọkụ bụ nnukwu ihe egwu dị n'ime ụlọ ime ụlọ na South Africa.[1]  A na-arụ ụka na "Na nkezi na South Africa n'ime afọ ise gara aga, a na-enwe ọkụ ụlọ iri kwa ụbọchị na onye na-anwụ n'ime ọkụ ụlọ kwa ụbọchị."  Ọkụ na Cape Town.[3]  A kọrọ na n'afọ 2014, mmadụ 2,090 gbara ọkụ na mpaghara Gauteng, "ọtụtụ n'ime ha nọ n'ọkụ ụlọ nke na-ekpochapụ ebe ndị na-adịghị mma".

## Ihe na-akpata ọkụ ụlọ
A na-akpọkarị ọkụ ọgbụgba n'ime ụlọ ihe mberede mana nke a bụ ndị otu ndị bi n'ụlọ a na-emegide ya.  Martin J. Murray na-arụ ụka na site na "ịnabata adịghị ike mmadụ ma ọ bụ nnukwu ihe mberede n'ihi ihe kpatara ya, ndị isi obodo-ewu ụlọ enwewo ike ịkọwapụta usoro iwu obodo nke mebeghị ntakịrị n'ịgbanwe ọnọdụ ndị ogbenye bi n'obodo ukwu - ndị na-ebu oke egwu. n'ime usoro ọnwụ na mbibi na-aga n'ihu - na-ahụkarị onwe ha n'ụzọ mmerụ ahụ." 

Matt Birkinshaw depụtara isi ihe kpatara ọgba aghara ọkụ dị ka enweghị ala, enweghị ụlọ, ịgọnarị ịnweta ọkụ eletrik, mmiri zuru oke na ọrụ mberede zuru oke. 

## Azịza nke ụlọ ọkụ
NGO ọrụ ebere 'Children of Fire' na-enye Nkwado maka ndị ọkụ ọkụ, ntụ ntụ 

 The shack bi' social movement Abahlali baseMjondolo agbaala mbọdị ihe ọ chere dị ka ike nke steeti ahụ iji dozie nsogbu ọkụ ụlọ [1] ma hazie ndị mmadụ iji onwe ya onwe ha na igwe ọkụ.

## Hụkwa

* Lumkani, ụlọ ọrụ na-elekọta mmadụ nke ụmụ akwụkwọ South Africa hibere iji wepụta ngwaọrụ na-achọpụta okpomọkụ nke netwọk iji belata ihe ize ndụ nke ọkụ n'ime ime obodo na nke obodo.

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* Ọkụ Shack abụghị ihe mberede, Ụlọ Akwụkwọ nke Development Studies, Mahadum KwaZulu-Natal, 2005
* Ngwọta maka ọkụ ọkụ bụ Electrification, Ọ bụghị Ọzụzụ Ndị Ọzọ, *South African Civil Society Information Service*, 2008
* A Big Devil na Jondolos: Akụkọ banyere ọkụ ụlọ, nke Matt Birkinshaw, *Abahlali baseMjondolo*, 2008
* 
* 
* 'Ịnweta ọkụ eletrik na-atọ ụtọ', Interview with Zodwa Nsibande, *The Guardian* (UK), 2011
* N'azụ ọkụ ụlọ maka Makause, ndị dara ogbenye na ndị echefuru echefu, *Daily Maverick*, 2012
* Shack ọkụ: ekwensu na nkọwa nke mmepe, *Daily Maverick*, 2013
* Ọkụ Cape Town ụfọdụ ọ dị ọkụ karịa ndị ọzọ? , Rebecca Davis, *Daily Maverick*, 2015
* "Ebe ọkụ dị, e nwere ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị": Enweghị ọchịchị na ndụ ihe onwunwe na Urban South Africa, Kerry Chance, *Cultural Anthropology*, 2015

## Ihe ndetu na nrụtụ aka

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Ihe owuwu na-adịghị ngwa ngwa

**Ịrụ ụlọ dị nwayọ** bụ okwu ekwenyere na o tolitere site na mmegharị nri ngwa ngwa nke etiti 1980s.    Ihe owuwu dị nwayọ bụ ihe owuwu a na-emepụta nke nta nke nta na nke anụ ahụ, n'agbanyeghị iwulite ya ngwa ngwa maka ebumnuche dị mkpirikpi. A na-ejikọta ya na usoro gburugburu ebe obibi, na gburugburu ebe obibi . 

A pụkwara ịkọwa ihe owuwu ji nwayọọ nwayọọ pụta ìhè n'ụzọ nkịtị ka ọ bụrụ ihe owuwu nke were ogologo oge wuo ya, dịka ọmụmaatụ Sagrada Família, na Barcelona . 

Mgbe Eduardo Souto de Moura meriri 2011 Pritzker Prize, onye otu jury kọwara ụlọ ya dị ka ihe owuwu ngwa ngwa, n'ihi na ọ chọrọ nlebara anya nke ọma iji ghọta ihe mgbagwoju anya ya. Prọfesọ Kenneth Frampton kwuru na "ọrụ Souto de Moura bụ ụdị nke gbadoro ụkwụ n'ụzọ ... Ha nwere àgwà ha na-abịa site na ụzọ e si zụlite ha dị ka ihe owuwu."  2012 onye meriri Pritzker Wang Shu ka akọwara dị ka "onye mmeri nke China nke Slow architecture". 

## Ihe atụ ụkpụrụ ụlọ dị nwayọ

### Canada
Prọfesọ John Brown nke Mahadum Calgary ewepụtala webụsaịtị anaghị akwụ ụgwọ nke e mere iji kwalite “ụlọ ndị na-adịghị ngwa ngwa”. Nke a sochiri nyocha afọ iri. A kọwara ụlọ na-adịghị ngwa ngwa dị ka ihe mara mma, kwekọrọ na agbataobi, yana ike dị mma, na-eji obere akara carbon . 

### China
A kọwawo onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ Pritzker nke na-emeri ihe nrite Wang Shu dị ka "onye mmeri nke China nke Slow architecture"  Ụlọ ya na-akpalite nnukwu ihe owuwu nke obodo ndị ochie nke China, nke nwere ogige chiri anya, mgbidi na-awụda na elu ụlọ dị iche iche. "Obodo taa abụrụla nnukwu ibu. Enwere m nchegbu n'ezie, n'ihi na ọ na-eme ngwa ngwa ma anyị enweelarị nnukwu ihe," ka ọ na-ekwu. 

### Ireland
Ihe owuwu ụlọ na-adịghị nwayọ na Ireland malitere ihe ngosi nlegharị anya site na ụgbọ mmiri ọwa mmiri na 2010. Ụgbọ mmiri ahụ mere njem n'etiti ebe asaa n'ime izu isii, ebe ndị na-ese ihe na ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ na-enwe ogbako na nkuzi n'ebe ọ bụla nkwụsị.  

### United States
Na 2008, ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ sitere na omume US na-ekere òkè na ọrụ dabeere na San Francisco nke akpọrọ Slow Food Nation . Ha rụpụtara ihe owuwu ndị metụtara nri na ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi, gụnyere ọtụtụ paịlịl dị iche iche, ọdụ mmiri emere site na karama emegharịrị, ihe ngosi compost na “ igbe ncha ” maka ndị ọrụ ugbo. 

## Hụkwa

* Ntugharị nwayọ (omenala)
* Nri dị nwayọọ
* Cittaslow (obodo ndị na-adịghị ngwa ngwa)
* Foto dị nwayọ

## Edensibia
na-ekwu na ọ na-aghọ ụkpụrụ ọha mmadụ n'ụwa nile. . Ọ na-ekwurịta ma na-enye nta na nke anụ ahụ, n'agbanyeghị iwulite ya ngwa ngwa maka ebumnuche dị mkpirikpi.

## Njikọ mpụga

* http://www.slow-architecture.com
* http://www.slowarchitecture.it
Nkwụghachi ụgwọ na-egbu oge (magazine)

***Delayed Gratification*** bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nke The Slow Journalism Company bipụtara na United Kingdom kwa afọ.  Magazin ahụ bụ ihe atụ nke mmegharị nwayọọ nwayọọ na-akọwara ya dị ka "ihe ngwọta maka mgbasa ozi tụfuo".  Ọ na-ekpuchi akụkọ akụkọ nke ọnwa atọ gara aga mgbe uzuzu kwụsịrị. Okwu ya bụ "ikpeazụ ruo n'ozi ọma".

E bipụtara mbipụta mbụ na Jenụwarị 2011. Magazin ahụ nwere nchịkọta akụkọ kwa ụbọchị maka nkeji iri na ise ekpuchiri, gbakwunyere akụkọ ogologo oge, njirimara foto na nkọwa gbasara akụkọ kachasị ukwuu nke oge ahụ.  Esemokwu ọ bụla nwere atụmatụ mkpuchi mkpuchi nke onye nka dị iche. Esemokwu nke gosipụtara ibe "Freedom Of The Press" nke Shepard Fairey dere.  Ndị Marcus Webb na Rob Orchard na-edezi magazin a.  

## Edensibia
maka nkeji iri na ise ekpuchiri, gbakwunyere akụkọ ogologo oge, njirimara foto na nkọwa gbasara akụkọ kachasị ukwuu nke

## Njikọ mpụga

* Saịtị afọ ojuju akwụsịla akwụsị
Ogwe osisi na-ere ọkụ

***Burning Log*** bụ ihe omume telivishọn nke na-agbasa omenala na ekeresimesi ekeresimesi ma ọ bụ ụtụtụ ekeresimesi na ọwa obodo Shaw Spotlight na Canada, na-edochi nke fọdụrụ na mmemme ọwa maka oge.

Usoro ihe omume bụ ihe nkiri loop nke ọkụ ọkụ na-ere ọkụ n'ime ọkụ; Enwere ike ịhụ onye a na-amaghị ama ka ọ na-agba ọkụ mgbe ụfọdụ. Ọ na-efe efe n'efu, na-enweghị nkwụsị azụmahịa ọ bụla, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndekọ ọkụ US na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị na mba ahụ na-eme ya.

## Mmalite
A gbara *Burning Log* na 1999 site n'aka onye ọrụ Shaw Cable aha ya bụ John. E chepụtara ya dị ka ụzọ ndị ọrụ Shaw nwere ike isi nọrọ n'ụlọ ha na ezinụlọ ha, kama ịrụ ọrụ n'oge ezumike. 

John gbara ihe nkiri mbụ n'ụlọ ya na Victoria, British Columbia .

Vidio ahụ ghọrọ onye ama ama mgbe ụmụ akwụkwọ mahadum Rodger Banister, Brian Berglund na Paul McTaggart dị na Victoria mere mkpesa mkparị site na adịgboroja anaghị akwụ ụgwọ maka uru akpọrọ BLOWS (Burning Logs of the West Coast Society) mgbe Shaw wepụrụ ya n'ikuku na 2000. Mmemme ahụ bụ ma ihe ịga nke ọma na ọkwa ọkwa,  na site n'ọchịchọ a na-ewu ewu, a na-agbasagharị ya kemgbe ahụ.

Ihe omume a bụ onye otu Canada na ndị okenye (enweghị njikọ) WPIX Yule Log .

## Esemokwu nke nwe
Craig McAllister nke North Vancouver ekwuola na ọ bụ ya gbara vidiyo ahụ, ọ bụghị John.  John na-ahọrọ idebe amaghị aha, mana nwanne ya nwanyị nọ na Victoria na-akwado na vidiyo mbụ Shaw, bụ nke butere mkpesa ịkwa emo, na otu ihe ọchị na Daily Show na Jon Stewart & Steve Carell, bụ n'ezie nwanne ya nwoke gbagburu na 1999, dịka ụzọ iji kwe ka ndị ọrụ Shaw nwee oge ezumike n'oge ekeresimesi. Shaw jiri ụdị ọzọ dochie vidiyo mbụ ahụ, nke nwere ike ịbụ na Craig McAllister gbagburu ma ọ bụ na ọ gaghị agbapụ.

## Hụkwa

* *Yule Log*, mmemme yiri nke ahụ na United States

## Edensibia
akwụ ụgwọ maka uru akpọrọ BLOWS (Burning Logs of the West Coast Society) mgbe Shaw nwanne ya nwoke gbagburu na 1999, dịka ụzọ iji
Telefishion

**Telefishion** ( Chinese ) bụ mmemme telivishọn na Hong Kong nke ekesara na ATV Home na ATV World wee gosi azụ̀ ọla edo n'ime efere azụ dị ndụ.  Ọ bụkwa TV nke mbụ jiri nwayọọ na Hong Kong.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Kenneth Kwok Wai Kin (郭偉健), onye isi oche nke Asia Television tụrụ aro Telefishion bụ onye Lim Por-yen (林百欣) kpọrọ ya. Kwok chere na onye na-asọmpi, usoro ule nke Television Broadcasts Limited adịghị adọrọ mmasị, ya mere ọ tụrụ aro igosi efere azụ nwere azụ ọla edo n'oge okpomọkụ na stovu n'oge oyi, iji dochie ụkpụrụ ule mgbe ị na-anọghị na ikuku ma nwekwuo ego mgbasa ozi. nke ATV . ATV kpebiri iji azụ azụ na nhọrọ azụ azụ na-emejuputaghị ya n'ihi nsogbu nchekwa.

Ihe omume a malitere na 1993 nke mbụ. N'afọ 2004, ka ụlọ ọrụ ATV malitere ịgbasa awa 24 kwa ụbọchị, a kagburu mmemme ahụ, 25 Eprel 2004 bụ oge ikpeazụ a na-agbasa na ATV World.  

Na Febụwarị 2011, Telefishion e wesara ọzọ maka obere oge, na-agbasa n'ụtụtụ. Agbanyeghị, a kagburu mmemme TV a na Mee 2011.  

## Hụkwa
mmasị, ya mere ọ tụrụ aro igosi efere azụ nwere azụ ọla edo n'oge okpomọkụ na stovu

* Igwefoto azụ

## Njikọ mpụga
Ubi Bluegate

thumb| Ubi Bluegate na 1872, nke Gustave Doré dere
Ubi Bluegate (nke a dị ka Blue Gate Fields) bụ otu n'ime mkpọmkpọ ebe kacha njọ nke dịbu na mgbago ugwu ochie, ndị ụgbọ mmiri na-eme London n'oge oge Victoria .  Okporo amá abụọ dị n'ahụ ahụ ka aha ya bụ Bluegate Fields n'oge dị iche iche: Dellow Street nke dị ugbu a (n'ụdị ihe nke akwụkwọ ụlọ St. George's-in-the-East) na Cable Street  (n'ugwu nke ụlọ ụka) .

A na-eleta mpaghara ahụ saịtị na adịghị ama na Foto nke Dorian Gray nke Oscar Wilde, [1] wee kpalie ihe nkiri na The Mystery of Edwin Drood nke Charles Dickens dere.  [2] Edere ya aha n'aha egwu (na ọba egwu dị ndụ e dekọrọ na Wilton Music Hall na Graces Alley off Cable Street) site n'aka Marc Almond .

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Nkọwa sitere na victorianlondon.org .
* Map nwere ebe 1746 nke Bluegate Field (nke dị n'ebe ugwu nke ogige ụlọ ụka St. George's-in-the-east).
* Nkọwa dị nkenke ma na-enye nkọwa nke Ubi Ọnụ Ụzọ Ámá Blue .
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Carl Honoré

thumb| Carl Honoré (2008)
**Carl Honoré** (amụrụ 29 Disemba 1967 na Scotland) bụ onye nta akụkọ Canada nke dere akwụkwọ kacha ere n'ụwa niile *[[Na-eto nke Slow|In Praise of Slow]]* (2004) gbasara Slow Movement .

Na 2008, o wepụtara akwụkwọ ọhụrụ, *n'okpuru nrụgide: Ịzọpụta ụmụ anyị site na omenala Hyper-Parenting*,  nke na-akwalite usoro dị jụụ na nke ọzọ maka ịzụ ụmụ na ịkụziri ụmụaka: ịzụ nwa ngwa ngwa .

A mụrụ Honoré na Scotland, mana ọ na-ewere Edmonton n'obodo ya. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Edinburgh na akara mmụta na History na Italian, ọ na-arụ ọrụ na ụmụaka n'okporo ámá na Brazil, nke kpaliri ya ịmalite akwụkwọ akụkọ. Ebe ọ bụ na 1991, ọ na-akọ site na Europe na South America nile, na-etinye afọ atọ dị ka onye na-edekọ akụkọ na Buenos Aires . Ọrụ ya apụtala na akwụkwọ ndị gụnyere *Economist*, *Observer*, *American Way*, *National Post*, *Globe and Mail*, *Houston Chronicle*, na *Miami Herald* . Ọ pụtawo na *Fox na ndị enyi* na *Dennis Miller* ma bụrụ isiokwu nke mgbasa ozi abụọ na *Newsweek* . Ọ na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a ma na-ebi na London na nwunye ya, Miranda France, na ụmụ ha abụọ.

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ
Akwụkwọ mbụ Honoré, *[[Na-eto nke Slow|In Praise of Slow: Challenging the Cult of Speed]]* (HarperOne, 2004; Aha US *In Praise of Slowness* ), na-enyocha akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmekọrịta mmadụ na oge, arụmọrụ na ọsọ na ihe ga-esi na ya pụta. Ọ na-akọwa 'mmegharị nwayọ' nke enwetala nlebara anya n'ọnọdụ dị iche iche, dịka n'ebe ọrụ, ụlọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ.

N'akwụkwọ 2008 ya *Under Pressure: Rescuing Our Children from the Culture of Hyper-Parenting*,  Honoré na-enyocha 'ihe ize ndụ' nke ndị nne na nna na-elekọta ụmụ ha ma na-atụnyere nke ukwuu na ndị nne na nna nwere ike ịkwụsị ịbịaru nso. Akwụkwọ ahụ na-ehota ahịrị ole na ole sitere n'aka onye nchịkwa nchịkwa Nigel Cumberland : "Ọ bụrụ na ị na-agọnahụ nwatakịrị ohere igwu egwu wee tinye ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara ebe ọ na-asọ mpi mgbe niile ma na-atụ ya, ị ga-atụ egwu na nke ahụ na-eduga n'adịghị njikere iwere. ihe ize ndụ, ị na-ejedebe na ndị okenye na-agwụ ike."  

N'akwụkwọ nke atọ nke Honoré nke 2013 *The Slow Fix: dozie nsogbu, Ọrụ Smarter na Bie Mma na Ụwa Ọsọ*,  ka ebipụtara. Ọ na-enyo enyo maka ojiji a na-eji elu elu, nhazi ngwa ngwa dị mkpụmkpụ ma na-arụ ụka na nhazi ngwa ngwa na-enwe ike ịnye ụzọ dị ogologo oge iji dozie nsogbu ndị siri ike.

Na Disemba 2018 Simon & Schuster bipụtara *Bolder: Ime ọtụtụ n'ime ndụ ogologo ndụ anyị* . 

## Hụkwa

* Ịzụ nwa nwayo
* Akwụkwọ nta akụkọ nwayọ

## Edensibia
maka ojiji a na-eji elu elu, nhazi ngwa ngwa dị mkpụmkpụ ma na-arụ ụka na nhazi ngwa ngwa na , ọ na-akọ site na Europe na South America nile

## Njikọ mpụga

* Official website
* Honoré's page Archived 26 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Conville and Walsh literary agents
* In Praise of Slow
* Carl Honoré at TED 
* Carl Honoré's author biography
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Night Walk (usoro ihe omume TV)

***Walk Night*** bụ nke mbụ n'ime usoro ihe omume telivishọn nke abalị na- agbasa na 1986 ruo 1993, mana nke a na-emegharị ugboro ugboro  A ga-emesịa gbakwunye ya site na mmemme ndị yiri ya dị ka ***njem abalị*** na ***njem abalị*** .  N'agbanyeghị ịgba ọsọ afọ asaa na Global, naanị nkeji abụọ nke *Walk abalị* na otu ihe omume nke ọ bụla n'ime *abalị Ride* na *Night Moves* ka emepụtara na mbụ, ma na-emegharị ya kwa abalị n'oge elekere abalị. 

A na-ewere mmemme ugbu a dị ka otu n'ime mmalite mmalite n'ime echiche nke telivishọn nwayọ . 

## Mmepụta
Ihe ngosi nke ọ bụla bụ echiche mmadụ mbụ banyere njem site na akụkụ nke Toronto n'oge elekere abalị, yana egwu jazz na-esonye.  *Njem abalị* mbụ ahụ gafere na mpaghara Yorkville nke obodo na ọdụ ụgbọ oloko Yorkdale ;  *Night Ride* gbadara n'okporo ụzọ Don Valley Parkway na okporo ụzọ Gardiner, wee banye na King Street wee kwụsị na Chinatown nke obodo;  *Ntugharị abalị* soro Queens Quay gaa Front Street, na-ejedebe na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ nkwari akụ.  *Night Ride* tinyekwara akụkụ dị mkpirikpi nke onye uwe ojii kwụsịrị ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ahụ.  Ihe omume nke abụọ nke *Walk Abalị* nwere ihe onyonyo ndị ọzọ sitere n'otu njem ahụ dịka *Ngagharị abalị* .

Emebere mmemme a bụ Michael Spivak, mgbe ahụ osote onye isi oche nke mmepụta maka Global, dịka nnọchi maka ụkpụrụ nnwale .  Spivak, bụkwa onye na-ede ihe ntụrụndụ, dere akara egwu.  Emere ụda ụda ahụ site na otu nchịkọta nke gụnyere ndị egwu obodo Guido Basso, Bob McLaren, Jimmy Dale, Eugene Amaro, Mike Malone, Joe Sealy, Sara Hamilton, David Hamilton na Sharon Lee Williams.  Bill Elliott bụ onye nduzi, na David Crone bụ onye na-ese sinima. 

Dị ka Elliott si kwuo, a na-emepụta mmemme ahụ n'ezie dị ka ego na-enweta ego, dịka iji egwu mbụ nke netwọk nwere nyere Global aka ịnakọta ụgwọ eze sitere na SOCAN,  bụ nke bụ uru dị ọcha na netwọk dị ka iji otu ugboro ugboro ugboro. ngosi pụta pụtara na ihe ngosi ahụ enweghị ụgwọ nupụrụ na-aga n'ihu. Otú ọ dị, n'oge na-adịghị anya SOCugboro ugboro ugboro. ngosipụta pụtara na ihe ngosi ahụ enweghị ụgwọ nupụrụ na-agaAN nwetara ihe Global na-eme, ma gbanwee iwu ya nke mere na egwu egwu egwu mgbe etiti abalị na-eji naanị pasent 10 nke ọnụ ahịa nkịtị. 

Mgbasa mgbasa ozi chọpụtara na ndị kacha na-ege ihe nkiri ahụ bụ ndị ehighị ụra nke ọma na ndị mkpọrọ . 

## Ihe nketa
Na 2015 John McGill, onye na-arụ ọrụ maka mmemme akụkọ akụkọ CBC Radio *Ka ọ na-eme*, wepụtara "Night Ride Redux" na YouTube, bụ nke megharịrị ụzọ mbụ *Night Ride* iji gosi ụzọ obodo ahụ si gbanwee kemgbe 1980s.  Enweghi ike ịmegharị ụzọ ahụ nke ọma, dịka otu okporo ámá e sere na ihe nkiri mbụ ahụ, Temperance Street, bụzi okporo ụzọ otu ụzọ n'akụkụ nke ọzọ nke njem. 

N'afọ 2016, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ntụrụndụ *AV Club* gosipụtara mmemme ahụ dịka akụkụ nke "Ọrụ Ukwuu, Ịntanetị!" atụmatụ. 

## Hụkwa

* *Ihe ngosi nke Newfoundland* - mmemme yiri nke a na-agbasa n'isi ụtụtụ na NTV na Newfoundland na Labrador

## Edensibia
nke megharịrị ụzọ mbụ Night Ride iji gosi ụzọ obodo ahụ si gbanwee kemgbe 1980s. ugboro ugboro ugboro. ngosipụta pụtara na ihe ngosi ahụ enweghị ụgwọ nupụrụ na-aga
Ugwu Saffron

thumb| Saffron Hill na-ele anya na ndịda na 2006
áká_èkpè|thumb| Maapụ na-egosi ngalaba Saffron Hill nke Holborn Metropolitan Borough ka ọ pụtara na 1952.
Saffron Hill bụ okporo ụzọ na ebe mbụ na Holborn, na ndị mụrụ egwuregwu akuku London Borough nke Camden, n'etiti Farringdon Road na Hatton Garden .  Aha okporo ámá na-enweta n'eziokwu na ọ bụ n'otu oge nke ala nke saffron na-eto eto.  Parish nke ụka bụ St Peter, Saffron Hill, nwa parish nke Holborn, nke àmà ya na St Alban (Martyr), Holborn.. 

N'afọ 1850, a igwe ya dị ka agbata obi na-adịghị mma, ebe obibi nke ndị ogbenye na ndị ohi.  N'akpụ Charles Dickens Oliver Twist (1837), Artful Dodger na-eduga Oliver gaa n'ọgba Fagin dị na Field Lane, ikike ndị nke Saffron Hill: "ebe ruru unyi na ebe jọgburu onwe ya ọ [Oliver] ahụ arụ. Okporo  ụzọ. dị warara nke ukwuu, ifkwa aptịtịta, e jikwa ọmụmụ arụ mejuo ikuku.”

## Obere Italy
A na-akpọ Saffron Hill na Arthur Conan Doyle Sherlock Holmes mere The Adventure of the Six Napoleons, dị ka isiokwu iri na ise nke Ịtali ebe ị na-ahụ Venucci nwere ike ịga.  ami ahụ ka na-ejigide nhọpụta mpaghara nke Little Italy .  Kwa afɔ Naa kacha nso ruo Julaị 16, kooka nke isiokwu nke anyị nke Ugwu Kamel na-ewere ọnọdụ, akwụkwọ nke Romani site na St Peter's RC Church n'okporo ụzọ Clerkenwell.  [1] Ọ sitere na Saffron Hill Darby Sabini ji ndị omekome ya ọrụ ọrụ na 1920s na 30s

Saffron Hill hibere nke akwụkwọ onwe nke Saffron Hill, Hatton Garden, Ely Rent na Ely Place nke ajụjụ nke County nke London na 1889. E wepụrụ ya na 1900 wee guzobe nke Metropolitan Borough nke Holborn ruo 1965.

Saffron Hill abụrụla ebe obibi n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya site n'ịrụ ọtụtụ ngọngọ nke ụlọ 'okomoko' gụnyere Da Vinci House nke dị na akwụkwọ mbipụta akwụkwọ "Punch" mbụ yana ụlọ Ziggurat pụrụ iche.

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Media related to Saffron Hill, London at Wikimedia Commons
* Photographs of Saffron Hill
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Iwu mmezi nke ụlọ ndị ọrụ aka na ndị ọrụ 1875

The Artisans' and Labourers' Dewelling Improvement Act 1875 ( 38 & 39 Vict. c. 36) bụ iwu nke nzuko omeiwu nke United Kingdom nke Richard Cross, ụlọ ime ụlọ n'oge Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli's Conservative Government nke abụọ, nke abụọ.  ọkwa.  na-ekwe ka ndị kansụl ime obodo ndị ebe obibi nke mkpọmkpọ ebe iji kpochaa wee wughachi ha.  Ọ bụ ụzọ nke okporo ụzọ mba na ibe Disraeli nke ezubere maka "ebuli ndị mmadụ" (ndị ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ ), enyi ekwuru na 1872 okwu ya na Manchester na Crystal Palace, ma njikọ ya na nkuzi ya nke Otu mba  Conservatism.  Ọzọkwa, ndị isi, dị ka onye ọrụ ebere Octavia Hill, nyere aka na-amanye omume ka ha iwu Iwu ahụ

## Usoro

# Manye ndị nwe ụlọ mkpasa ka ha resị ndị kansụl, ndị ga-enyerịrị ụgwọ.
# Jiri ohere ọmụrụ nwa dị ala karịa nkịtị sitere n'aka gọọmentị.
# Kwatuo ebe obibi mkpọkpọ ụlọ nke ndị na-ewu ụlọ ahịa ga-ewulite.

## Mkpa
A na-ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime omume omume nke mkpa nke mkpa Disraeli (o kwuru na ọ bụ "onyeisi nha" ha) omume ahụ bụ ihe atụ mara mma nke iwu na-enye nhọrọ nke na- elekọta mmadụ na  Disraeli.  A manyere ndị kansụl ime ihe, n'ihi ọnụ akara doro anya dị na ya, ole na ole mere.  N’ezie, ka ọ na-erule 1881, naanị obodo 10 n’ime obodo 87 dị na England na Wales ji ikike e nyere ha mee ihe.  Nkwalite mgbaàmà ama ama mere na Birmingham n'okpuru onye omeiwu Liberal a ma ama, Joseph Chamberlain, onye akara National Liberal Federation .  N'ebe ahụ, o mere ka e jide Corporation Street;  Otú ọ dị, n'ozuzu ya, ọ dịghị iguzo.

## Nkwenye
Iwu ahụ, tumadi maka nchekwa nke ikike ihe.  Ọtụtụ ndị chere na Iwu ahụ bụ ikike nke ikike ndị dị otú ahụ, ọtụtụ ndị nọ na pati ahụ, bụ ndị rụgidere Richard Cross ime ka ọ iwu.  Ọzọkwa, ọ nwere ike ịbụ na a hụla na ọ bụ ebube nke ndị nwe ụlọ, ndị na-eme mbụ aka Tory omenala.  N'otu aka ahụ, ọ chụpụrụ n'oge na-ekwere omume nke laissez-faire eguzo na-egosi ịhụnanya.  Disraeli kwusara na June 1875: "Iwu nke na-enye ọhọd bụ ike nke ndị nweere onwe ha".

## Hụkwa

## Ntụaka

* Glen, Alexander. Iwu Mmelite ebe obibi nke ndị nka na ndị ọrụ, 1875: na mbido, ndetu, ihe mgbakwunye nke ụkpụrụ na ụdị, na ndeksi. E weghachiri ya na Iwu Mmelite ebe obibi nke Artizans na Labourers, 1879. Knight & Co. Fleet Street, London. 1880. Akwụkwọ Google .
* Paterson, William. "Akụkọ ụlọ obibi ndị nka". Ụkpụrụ Bara Uru nke Oge 1875. Ụlọ Ọrụ Iwu Times. Wellington Street, Strand, London. 1875. Peeji nke 147 ruo 180.
* "Ebe obibi ndị omenkà" na "Abstracts of Mkpa Ọrụ nke nzuko omeiwu". Mkpakọrịta na Almanac, ma ọ bụ, Akwụkwọ-afọ nke Ozi Izugbe maka Afọ 1876. (The British Almanac). Ebipụtara ya maka Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ụlọ Ọrụ. London. 1876. Peeji nke 243 na 244.

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Ndụ na Ọrụ Obodo

**Ndụ na Labour Comune** bụ ọgbakọ ọrụ ugbo Tolstoyan hibere na 1921 wee kesaa ya dị ka ugbo mkpokọta steeti na-agba na 1 Jenụwarị 1939. E hiwere igbako ahụ na nso Moscow mana e mechikwara dezie ya na etiti Siberia, nke na-adịghị anya na Novokuznetsk .  N'oge ọ kacha elu, a kọrọ na o nwere ihe ruru 1,000 sonyere ya.  N'ime oge niile ọ dị adị, ndị Bolshevik kpagburu ndị òtù ọgbakọ ahụ, ma n'ihi na ha jụrụ ịdebanye aha ma ọ bụ kwado mgbalị agha ha nakwa maka ịhazi onwe ha n'otu n'otu n'èzí nke obodo a kwadoro.

## Ntọala (1921-1930)
The Life and Labor Commune e hiwere na 31 December 1921 na nkwekọrịta mgbazinye na Moscow District Land Department maka Shestakóvka estate, iri na abụọ kilomita na mpụga Moscow. Ewubere ọgbakọ ahụ n'elu ala na mpaghara Tsarítsyn nke mpaghara Moscow wee daa n'okpuru Soviet obodo Troparyovo. Akpọrọ ọgbakọ ahụ aha "Ndụ na Ọrụ" ka Tolstoyan na anarchist leaning nke ndị guzobere ya. Site na mmalite, nri ndị mmadụ niile bụ ndị anaghị eri anụ . &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

N'afọ 1927, a malitere ịwakpo obodo ahụ na Tolstoy New Jerusalem Commune, nke gọọmenti Soviet weghaara na 1929. Ọtụtụ ndị otu si ebe ahụ sonye na Life and Labor Commune. Ndị isi na kọmpụta ahụ bịara n'okpuru ikpe gọọmentị gbara, bụ́ ndị nwara ịkagbu akwụkwọ ikike ha. A na-agbachitere ha n'ụlọ ikpe site n'aka onye anarchist Peter Kropotkin, onye òtù nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-agbachitere Ọha, yana nwa nwanne Kropotkin. </link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

## Nkwagharị (1931)
Vladimir Cherkov, onye tinyere aka na nnọchite ndị jụrụ akọ na uche ya na Red Army na Lenin wee nweta nnwere onwe ha pụọ na mmasị, tụrụ aro ka Life and Labor Commune weghachi ya na ndị ọzọ na-eso Tolstoy iji guzobe otu nnukwu ọgbakọ. Na 28 February 1930 All-Russian Central Executive Committee nyere iwu site na Presidium nke Kọmitii, Protocol 41, Paragraf 5, banyere "mmeghari nke Tolstoyan communes na cooperatives." Mgbe njem nlegharị anya n'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1930, a họọrọ ebe Kuznetsk dị n'akụkụ Osimiri Tom . Na 22 Maachị 1931, mgbe eresịrị anụ ụlọ ma nyekwa ugbo ahụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ mgbaka na-ahụ maka mgbaka, ndị bi na Life and Labour Commune gawara na mpụga Siberia. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Ọnwụ n'okpuru Stalinism (1936-1939)
N'afọ 1936, e jidere ndị ndú nke ọgbakọ ahụ, e jichiri ebili mmiri ndị ọzọ na 1937 na 1938. Ka ọ na-erule Jenụwarị 1939, ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụntakịrị ole na ole fọdụrụnụ ejikọtawo n'ugbo ndị Soviet.  Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị omeiwu ahụ nwụrụ n'ogige ọrụ mmanye ma ọ bụ gbuo n'ihi na ha jụrụ ije ozi agha. 

Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn dere banyere mkpagbu nke obodo:
 

## Ihe ncheta nke ndị sonyere
Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị sonyere na ọgbakọ ahụ dere akụkọ banyere ahụmịhe ha.
 

## Hụkwa

* Anarchism nke Ndị Kraịst
* Ndị Tolstoyan
* Ndepụta nke obodo anarchist
* Utopian socialism
* Anarchism na Russia

## Edensibia
elu, a kọrọ na o nwere ihe ruru 1,000 sonyere ya.  N'ime oge niile ọ dị adị, ndị Bolshevik kpagburu ndị òtù ọgbakọ ahụ, ma n'ihi na

* *Ihe ncheta nke ndị ọrụ ugbo Tolstoyans na Soviet Russia*, William Edgerton; Mahadum Indiana Press, 1993
Obere Ireland

thumb| Ihe ncheta obere Ireland na Great Marlborough Street, Manchester
Little Ireland bụ mpaghara mkpọmkpọ ebe nke Manchester, England na akpan akpan 19. [1] [2] Ndị ọbịa Irish dara ogbenye bi na ya site n'ihe dị ka 1827 ruo 1847, [3] na n'oge ndụ adị  yaama aha dị ka mpaghara Irish archetypal na obodo ihi ihe ihe awụ nke iri na-egosi.  [4] N'agbanyeghị aha a, mkpọda ụlọ bụ nke kacha nso n'ime mpaghara niile nke Irish na obodo ahụ, yana nke kacha nta, na-ekpuchi ihe dị ka acres anọ.  [4] ahụ dị na ndịda ọdụ ụgbọ oloko Oxford Road, nke okporo ụzọ ụgbọ na akaghị na Medlock gbara ya gburugburu.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
 Ndị agha dị n'ihu nke Oxford Road, nke e bu n'obi dị ka ebe obibi dị n'etiti etiti, na-ewughachi na akwa afụ nke na-adị ka ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche maka ndị ọrụ ihe ka.  ọrụ akụ na mụrụ na-ebuli n'obodo ahụ.  [1] A na- ezinụlọ ụlọ, nke a na- ike echekwa osisi, coal na nri emebi emebi, ka ọ bụrụ ebe obibi dị ọnụ ala nke na-eduga n'iche iru mmiri na-adịgide na iru mmiri nke  ọrịa na-efe nwere ikike ike.

Ka ọ na-erule ọkara nke abụọ nke 1800s, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Irish bi na Manchester, [1] bụ isi n'ihi oke ụnwụ Irish (1845-1852) nke manyere ọtụtụ puku puku mmadụ Ireland.  Dị ka akwọ ihe mere eme Mervyn Busteed na-ekwu, "e nwere ụfọdụ ndị Irish n'ụdị ọ cla nke obodo ahụ, ma e nwere elele maka maka ha iku uche n'ụdị dara ogbenye nke obodo mepere, na  n'ime ebe ndị a ikewapụ onwe ha na ndị ọrụ ibe ha".

Na ngụkọ 1841, Little Ireland nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ dị naanị 1,510, na-achọ ya n'obere okporo ụzọ na ụlọ ikpe dị mfe n'okporo ụzọ ụzọ - James Leigh Street, William Street, Frank Street, Forge Street na Anvil Street ụgbọ 75  % Irish.  1841. [1] N'afọ 1845, a kwaturu otu asaa n'ime obere okporo ụzọ ndị a ka ha wee nwee ụzọ maka ụzọ ụgbọ oloko Manchester na Altrincham na ụgbọ okporo ígwè Oxford .

E kwaturu ebe ahụ bụ ọ bụrụ na ụzọ okporo ụzọ Manchester South Junction.  N' akwụkwọ ya bụ The Condition of the Working Class in England na 1844, Friedrich Engels dere ya Little Ireland, na-akpọ "obere slum dị egwu".  [1] [2] N'ịbụ onye nkwado nke akwụkwọ Engel na-ewu ewu, mpaghara aha ngwaahịa nke mba ụwa dị ka mpaghara Irish nke ochie na obodo ikike ihe nke awụ nke iri na ndụ. 

## Ememe ncheta
Ihe ncheta na-acha uhie uhie na-eme ya na 8 Great Marlborough Street, ihe dị ka ọkara ụzọ n'etiti New Wakefield Street na Hulme Street.  

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Obodo Stapleton

thumb| Ịbanye na Ụka Ụmụnna dị na Stapleton
**Stapleton Colony**, nke dabere na Stapleton, North Yorkshire, bụ obodo ndị na-eme udo na ndị ọchịchị anarchist, yana naanị mpaghara fọdụrụ na Churchka Brotherhood .  Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2016 ndị bi na mpaghara ahụ agbadala ruo mmadụ anọ. 

Na 1897 ọtụtụ ndị otu Nzukọ-nsọ, ụfọdụ sitere na Quaker, kwabataa Leeds . Nnata nke ihe Nleta hapụrụ onye otu, Lillian Ferris, mere ka ndị otu ahụ nwee ike ịkwaga n'obere acre asaa na ọkara na Stapleton na 1921.  

Obodo Stapleton bụ onye anaghị eri anụ, na-eto ọtụtụ nri organic nke ha ma na-anwa ibi ndụ n'adabereghị na gọọmentị . Ha na-ejikọta na Peace Pledge Union, Mgbasa Ozi maka Nchụpụ Nuclear na Agha Resisters' International .  Ndị bi ebe ahụ agụnyela Len W. Gibson (1919–2007) bụ onye na-akwado udo ogologo ndụ yana onye jụrụ akọnuche ya . 

## Edensibia
Nleta hapụrụ onye otu, Lillian Ferris, mere ka ndị otu ahụ nwee ike ịkwaga n'obere
Ugbo Tolstoy

**Ugbo Tolstoy** bụ ashram malitere na nhazi nke Mohandas Gandhi n'oge njem South Africa ya. Mgbe e kere ya na 1910 ashram jere ozi dị ka isi ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi satyagraha megide ịkpa ókè megide ndị India na Transvaal, ebe ọ dị.  Ashram, Gandhi nke abụọ na South Africa (nke mbụ bụ Phoenix Farm, Natal, na 1904) bụ aha onye Russia na-ede akwụkwọ na ọkà ihe ọmụma Leo Tolstoy, onye akwụkwọ 1894, *The Kingdom of God Is within You*, nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na nkà ihe ọmụma Gandhi nke enweghị ike ime ihe ike .
thumb|290x290px| Ụfọdụ ndị òtù Tolstoy Farm na 1910, Gandhi nọ n'etiti, nke abụọ n'ahịrị nke ise site n'aka nri.
Hermann Kallenbach, onye na-akwado Gandhi, kwere Gandhi na mmadụ iri asaa na iri asatọ ndị ọzọ ka ha biri ebe ahụ ma ọ bụrụhaala na mmegharị obodo ha dị irè. Kallenbach tụrụ aro ka a kpọọ ndị obodo ahụ aha, bụ́ ndị wuo ụlọ ọhụrụ atọ n’oge na-adịghị anya ka ha bụrụ ebe obibi, ụlọ akwụkwọ, na ụlọ akwụkwọ. Sjt. Pragji Desai nyekwara aka na mmemme a. O nweghị ndị ohu nọ n’ugbo ahụ, ndị mkpọrọ na-arụkwa ọrụ ahụ niile, malite na isi nri ruo n’ịkọcha ihe.  

## Hụkwa

* Sabarmati Ashram
* Sevagram

## Edensibia
ọrụ mgbasa ozi satyagraha megide ịkpa ókè megide ndị India na Transvaal, ebe ọ
Obodo Whiteway

**Whiteway Colony** bụ obodo obibi na Cotswolds na parish nke Miserden dị nso Stroud, Gloucestershire, United Kingdom. Ndị Tolstoyans hibere obodo ahụ na 1898 ma taa enweghị ala mapụtara nwere ihe karịrị ụlọ iri isii na ndị na-achị 120.  Na mbido, a jụrụ ihe onwunwe nkeonwe ma kesaa ihe onwunwe nkeonwe ; Otú ọ dị, taa, a na-enwe ụlọ nke ndị na-achị obodo ma na-ere ya na ọnụ ahịa ahịa.   Dị ka ógbè ahụ gbahapụrụ nkà ihe ọmụma Tolstoy, ọtụtụ ndị ewerewo ya, gụnyere Mohandas Gandhi onye gara na 1909, dị ka nnwale Tolstoyan dara ada. 

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Onye nta akụkọ Quaker, Samuel Veale Bracher, na ndị Tolstoyan ndị ọzọ hibere mpaghara ahụ na 1898. Bracher zụtara 41 acres (17 ha) tinyere mkpụrụ, ngwá ọrụ, ihe na ihe oriri. Ndị na-achị obodo wee gbaa akwụkwọ ihe onwunwe ahụ ọkụ na njedebe nke ndụdụ dị ka ihe atụ jụrụ echiche nke ihe onwunwe . Aylmer Maude duuru kọmitii ntọala ntọala maka ógbè ahụ. Dị ka Maude si kwuo, akụkọ Leo Tolstoy nke kpaliri ndị bi na obodo ka ha gbakọta ma hụ na ógbè ha bụ *" Walk in the Light while There is Light "* . 

Ndị mbụ biri n'obodo ahụ nwere echiche utopian socialist, na-ekerịta ihe oriri na ịlaghachi n'ala . Ndị na-achị ntọala dị ihe dị ka asatọ mana ka oge na-aga, obodo ahụ ruru iri anọ na onye ọ bụla nabatara ya. Agbanyeghị Bracher, ezinụlọ ya na ndị nrụpụta ndị ọzọ hapụrụ ógbè ahụ n'oge na-adịghị anya ka ha na-enwewanye nkụda mmụọ maka enweghị nkịtị nke ndị bi ebe ahụ.  

Ndụ mbụ n'ime ógbè ahụ bụ spartan na ụfọdụ ndị bi na-eji ọba dị ka ebe nchekwa - mmiri ọkpọkọ abịaghị ruo 1949 na ọkụ eletrik ọ bụghị ruo 1954. Ebe ahụ bụbu ala mepere emepe gbara Whiteway House gburugburu mana ugbu a ọ nwere nnukwu osisi yana ebe a na-achịkọta ụlọ tumadi nke osisi - ebe ọ nweghị onye nwere ala ahụ, enweghị ike ịnweta ego mgbazinye, yabụ ndị mmadụ ga-ewu ụlọ nke ha. Otu ụlọikpe kpebiri n’afọ 1955 gosiri na ọ dịghị onye nwere ikike iwu kwadoro ala ahụ.  Ndị bi n'afọ 1924 rụrụ otu ụlọ nzukọ na-elekọta mmadụ na ụlọ akwụkwọ, ma wuo ọdọ mmiri na 1969. Whiteway Colony ka dị taa yana ụlọ, n'etiti ndị ọzọ, ụmụ sitere na ndị mbụ bi na ya. N'agbanyeghi na o nwekwaghi agwa anarchist doro anya, ndi bi n'oge a maara, na mpako, maka mmalite ya. Usoro ha na-aga n'ime obodo ka, ihe atụ kachasị mma bụ iji na-arụ ọrụ na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ (ụlọ ezumezu, ọdọ mmiri na ebe egwuregwu). Na mgbakwunye, ọchịchị obodo ka na-eme site na nzuko izugbe nke ndị bi na ya.

N'ime afọ ndị bi na-agụnye mbata na -anarchists, akọ na uche jụrụ na ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ si Spanish Civil War, nakwa dị ka nkwado ventures dị ka Protheroe's Bakery, na Cotswold Co-operative Handicraft guild na Co-operative Gardening Group. Ruo oge ụfọdụ , Thomas Keell wepụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ anarchist *Freedom* .

## Hụkwa

* Ụka Ụmụnna

## Edensibia
ihe onwunwe ahụ ọkụ na njedebe nke ndụdụ dị ka ihe atụ jụrụ echiche nke ihe onwunwe . Aylmer Maude duuru kọmitii ntọala ntọala ha na-aga n'ime obodo ka, ihe atụ kachasị mma bụ iji na-arụ ọrụ na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ (ụlọ

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ
 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Utopia Britannica
* George Walford: Nyochaa nke ''Whiteway Colony, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke obodo Tolstoyan'' nke Joy Thacker dere
Singuerlín

Singuerlín bụ agbata obi Santa Coloma de Gramenet, na mpaghara mepere emepe Barcelona ( Barcelonès, Catalonia, Spain ).  Ọ dị n'elu ugwu dị n'ụdị obodo ahụ, nke nwere ụlọ ndị nwere obere obere obere na ụlọ elu .  [1] ụgbọ, dị ka ọ dị na mpaghara ndị ọzọ na Santa Coloma, Singuerlín sitere na mkpọkpọ ụlọ ndị e wuru na 1910. Ndị mbụ na ya ga-ebu ụzọ ụzọ Kupọns n'ike Barcelona nke nyere ha ikike obere obere.  ala obodo mepere emepe, wee wuo ụlọ ha n'onwe ha.  [2] ahụ́ ahụ otu egwuregwu ịgba nke ya, CF Singuerlín, na ụlọ akara ngosi nke nwere otu aha ma meghere na 1974.

## Ụgbọ njem
mgbaàmà 2009 ọ na-eje ozi site na Barcelona Metro ọdụ Singuerlín, na L9 (akara oroma).

## Ntụaka


## Njikọ mpụga

* Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke CF Singuerlín
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Iwu Obodo

Iwu Obodo ( Portuguese  ) bụ iwu mkpa etiti (Iwu 10.257) nke e mere na Brazil na 2001 nke na-ewuli na Federal Constitution of Brazil iji iwu ọhụrụ nke obodo iji nye nchekwa ala na nha anya n'obodo  ukwu.  [1] [2] Ọ dabere na echiche nke ikike obodo wee pụta n'ihi ọtụtụ awụ nke mgba ndị mmadụ. 

O nwere isi ọrụ.  Nke mbụ bụ ịhụ na a na-ebute 'fọọrọ' nke ala na ụlọ ndị mepere emepe n'ihu uru azụmahịa ha.  A kọwawo nke a dị ka "ịmalite uru ojiji iche uru".  [1] Nke abụọ bụ ịhụ na 'democratic city management'.  A kọwawo nke a dị ka "ụzọ iji hazie, mpaghara, mpaghara ọrụ na obodo ndị dị n'okpuru ọkọlọtọ na eze na nsonye."

## nkatọ
A na-arụ ụka na, n'agbanyeghị na iwu a na-akwado ndị ogbenye, ndị na-eme ihe nkiri nwere ike iji ike ha rụọ ọrụ n'ụzọ na-enye ohere maka ọdịmma ndị isi. 

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ụkpụrụ Obodo nke Brazil: nkọwa, *Njikọ Obodo*, 2010
* Na-eme ihe ikike ime obodo na Brazil? , *mkpokọta obodo na-adịgide adịgide, 2012*
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye