Ino Kolbe

**Ino Kolbe** (Febụwarị 28, 1914 – Febụwarị 16, 2010), amụrụ Ino Voigt, bụ onye Esperantist German na onye ode akwụkwọ. 

O dere akwụkwọ, akwụkwọ nta akụkọ na akụkọ gbasara asụsụ Esperanto a na-eme atụmatụ wee gụgharịa nnukwu akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Esperanto–German nke Erich-Dieter Krause, ọrụ nwere isi okwu 80,000 karịrị ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ibe 900 (1999). 

Onye na-asụ asụsụ Esperanto  na mpaghara Leipzig, o biri na Eutritzsch, nke dịpụrụ adịpụ nke Leipzig, nke raara onwe ya nye zuru oke maka ebumnuche Esperanto zuru ụwa ọnụ,  na ọbụna n'ime afọ 90 ya ihe odide ka na-abịarute na tebụl ya mgbe niile maka ịgụgharị ya.Kay Wüster dere na Leipziger Volkszeitung, sị: “Kolbe bụzi nne nne ochie, ndị Esperantists nke Leipzig ka na-ewerekwa ya dị ka isi nkuku ha. N'ụbọchị ọmụmụ nke iri itoolu   ya, ndị Esperantists iri abuo sitere na mpaghara anọ German, gụnyere ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ndị bụbu ụmụ akwụkwọ, bịara ịkele ha.  N'ime ndị ọbịa a ma ama bụ Krause na Detlev Blanke.

Ya na nwanne ya nwoke Holdo Voigt mụtara Esperanto site na ọmụmụ.

## Ịzụlite Esperanto
Nne na nna ya raara onwe ya nye ndị otu Esperanto nke bi otu asụsụ ha na-asụ gburugburu ya bụ Esperanto;  ya mere tupu ya abanye ụlọ akwụkwọ ọ mụtara German ya naanị site na ụmụaka ndị ọzọ.Kolbe kọrọ otú o si malite ịmata ụdị okwu dị iche iche nke asụsụ ọzọ.Dị ka nwatakịrị dị afọ atọ ma ọ bụ anọ, ya na ụmụaka ndị agbata obi nọ na-eji obi ụtọ na-egwuri egwu na ihe egwuregwu ụmụaka ya na-agbagharị agbagharị.Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị, ọ gbagoro n'ụlọ elu nke abụọ nke nne na nna ya dị na Leipzig-Gohlis, na-eme mkpesa: La infanoj diris, ke mia turbo estas Kreisel.("Ụmụaka kwuru na 'turbo' m bụ n'elu.", Ebe turbo bụ okwu Esperanto maka spintop.) 

N'afọ 1910, ya na otu ndị enyi ya, nna Kolbe Reinhold Voigt, onye kwenyesiri ike na onye na-eme udo na onye na'ọchịchị, hiwere *Frateco* ("Brotherhood"), otu ndị ọrụ Esperanto nwere mmetụta na Leipzig. Ndị Esperantist nke ndị ọrụ na Leipzig na ebe ndị ọzọ hụrụ onwe ha dị ka ezigbo ndị nlekọta nke ọhụụ olileanya nke L.L. Zamenhof; ha nwere olileanya iji Esperanto mee ka ọgụ nke ndị otu gaa n'ihu ma nwee obere mmekọrịta na obere German Esperanto Federation (Deutschen Esperanto-Bund, DEB),bụ nke lere mgbasa nke asụsụ a na-ewu ewu n'etiti ndị na-arụ ọrụ na mmetụta dị iche iche: ka ndị ọrụ na-amụba ọhụụ nke Esperanto dị ka asụsụ nwere ike ime, ndị nkatọ n'aka nri na-eme ihe ike amalitela ikwutọ Esperanto dị ka "asụsụ ndị hoodlum na ndị Kọmunist." N'oge ọ bụ Mein Kampf polemic (1925), Adolf Hitler wakporo Esperanto dị ka ngwá ọrụ e chere na ọ bụ ọchịchị ụwa ndị Juu chere.

Tupu Oge ndị Nazi, Germany abụrụla ebe a na-akwalite Esperantism; ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 1922, ihe karịrị 100,000 ndị Germany amụtala asụsụ ahụ ma n'otu afọ ahụ, e debara aha ndị okenye 40,256 n'otu n'ime ọmụmụ Esperanto 1,592 a na-akụziri na Germany dum. A na-akụzi Esperanto n'ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị nke obodo 126 nke Germany. Ọ bụ oge ọbụna Undersecretary-General nke Njikọ Mba Inazō Nitobe gara World Congress of Esperanto ma tụọ aro iji Esperanto mee ihe na Nzukọ Ezumezu.

N'ime afọ 1920, Reinhold Voigt mere njem n'ọtụtụ ebe iji kwalite Esperanto na inye ọmụmụ ihe n'asụsụ ahụ. Ọ na-edegara ndị Esperantist akwụkwọ ozi gburugburu ụwa, na mgbe ọ dị afọ isii, Kolbe enweela onye na-eto eto na-ede akwụkwọ na Japan nke o degaara Esperanto. Ndị Esperantist si mba ọzọ - Dutch, French na ndị ọzọ - na-eleta ezinụlọ ya mgbe niile - ha gosiri ha "nwa Esperanto" ha. N'iwere okwu Marx n'ụzọ nkịtị ("Ndị ọrụ nke mba niile jikọtara ọnụ,") ndị Esperantist na-eme njem nlegharị anya, na-abụ abụ Esperanto ma na-eji ọkọlọtọ na-acha ọbara ọbara nke Esperanto. N'afọ 1929, Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda, otu nzukọ nke ndị ọrụ Esperanto dị iche iche, nwere nnọkọ ya kwa afọ na Leipzig na ndị sonyere 2,000. Kolbe chetara na ya na nwanne ya nwoke zutere ọtụtụ ndị nnọchiteanya na ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè ma duzie ha gaa n'ụlọ ha.

## Ọrụ

* *Zur Geschichte des Deutschen Arbeiter-Esperanto-Bundes na Leipzig (Westsachsen) * ("Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke German Workers' Esperanto Association na Leipzig, West Saxony"). Leipzig: 1996. Akụkụ nke mbụ bụ akụkọ ihe mere eme site na mmalite ruo na "Völkerspiegel" (1924); Akụkụ nke abụọ bụ akụkọ ihe nkiri site na 1925 ruo mgbe ndị Nazi machibidoro iwu na 1933.
* *Mein Leben mit und für Esperanto* ("Ndụ m na Esperanto"). Leipzig: 2002 (2nd corrected ed.), 92 pp.
* Linde Knöschke na Ino Kolbe: *der Esperantist 1 (1965) - 164 (1990). * *Ndebanye aha. Teil I.* (Index, akụkụ 1) (Ed. Detlev Blanke) Berlin: Gesellschaft für Interlinguistik e. V. (GIL), 1997, 120 pp.
* Ino Kolbe: *der Esperantist 1 (1965) - 164 (1990). * *Ndebanye aha Teil nke Abụọ*  (Index, akụkụ 2) (Ed. Detlev Blanke), Berlin: Arbeitsgruppe Geschichte des Esperanto-Verbandes der DDR, 1998, 120 pp.

## Nsụgharị

* Detlev Blanke, (1991): Skizze der Geschichte des Esperanto-Verbandes in der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik.  ("Sketch of the history of the Esperanto Federation in the German Democratic Republic", nke Ino Kolbe sụgharịrị site na Esperanto gaa na German). Berlin: Esperanto-Verband im Kulturbund, 62 p.

## Ihe edeturu