Adelina Kondrátieva

Adelina Kondrátieva (née Abramson; 1917 – 14 Disemba 2012) bụ onye ntụgharị asụsụ Rọshịa mụrụ na Argentine na Brigadista onye sonyere na agha obodo Spain n'akụkụ Republican. Maka nraranye ya na-esote na oge akụkọ ihe mere eme ahụ, a họpụtara ya onye isi oche nke Archive, War, and Exile Association [es] (AGE), na 2009 e nyere ya paspọtụ Spanish.

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Adelina Veniaminovna Abramson na Buenos Aires na 1917, ada Benjamin Abramson. Ezinụlọ ya agaala mba ọzọ n'ebe ahụ na 1910, na-agbanarị ọchịchị Tsarist Russia, nna ya rụrụ ọrụ ebe ahụ dị ka onye nnọchi anya azụmahịa.[1] [2] [3] Mgbe General José Félix Uriburu gbaghasịrị ọchịchị na Septemba 1932, Abramson "e jidere, mekpaa ya ahụ, ma chụpụ ya." Soviet Union. Ihe akara "Trotskyist" nke Abramson nọ n'oche ya na njedebe ya na-abanye n'ime usoro Soviet ọhụrụ - Adelina kwesịrị itinye ugboro atọ iji sonyere Union of Communist Youth - ruo n'ókè na na January 1937, Adelina na nna ya hapụrụ USSR na nzuzo. Mgbe ha mesịrị njem rocambolesque, ha rutere Spain, bụ́ ebe Paulina nọ na-eche ha.

## Agha Obodo nke Spain
N'otu oge na Barcelona, ​​​​Benjamin Abramson gara n'ihu Aragon, ebe ụmụ ya nwanyị nọgidere na Valencia. N'ebe ahụ, Adelina batara na Yakov Smushkevich (onye kpọrọ onwe ya "General Douglas"), [1] onye ọchịagha ụgbọ elu Republican, bụ onye nyere ya ọkwa dị ka onye ntụgharị okwu na onye ntụgharị n'ime General Staff nke Republican Air Force na Los Llanos estate. , nso Albacete.[2] N'ihe ndekọ ya, ọ na-echeta mgbe ọ hụrụ ogbunigwe nke ndị agha Francoist wakporo obodo ahụ na 20 February 1937. 

N'otu oge ahụ nwanne ya nwanyị Paulina Abramson rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nsụgharị na filmmaker Roman Karmen na odeakụkọ Mikhail Koltsov. O mechara rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye ntụgharị okwu na ọrụ ọchịagha Hadzhi-Umar Mamsurov [ru], “onye ndụmọdụ Durruti na nchekwa nke Madrid na onye nhazi nke XIV Guerrilla Corps nke Republic.".  

## Ịlaghachi na USSR
Na 1938, ezinụlọ Abramson laghachiri na Moscow na Adelina banyere na Mahadum Ndị Ọrụ maka ndị okenye, ọkachamara na "akụkọ ihe mere eme nke American Trade Union movement".[1] Ọ gara ọrụ na Military Language Institute, na 1941 ọ malitere ịmụ Italian na Military Faculty of Foreign Languages. Onye isi ndị agha Red Army, ọ rụsiri ọrụ ike site na 1941 ruo 1949. N'oge mbuso agha Axis nke USSR, ọ na-arụkarị ọrụ dị ka onye ntụgharị okwu n'ogige ndị agha Ịtali.[1] Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, e ji Order nke Red Star chọọ ya mma. Ọ lụrụ Aleksandr Kondrátiev, onye agha, ma mụọ nwa ha nwanyị Yelena. Otú ọ dị, ịrị elu nke Stalinism na-aga n'ihu kpọpụtara nna ya ihe yiri nke ahụ dị ka nke ndị agha obodo Spanish ndị ọzọ - e jidere ya na 1951, mgbe ọ dị afọ 63, ebubo nke Trotskyism, nke e mere maka afọ ise na Gulag, ma hapụ ya mgbe ọ gasịrị. Stalin ọnwụ. 

Kondrátieva nwetara doctorate na Moscow State University wee ghọọ onye isi nke Spanish oche na Pedagogical Institute. Ọ raara oge ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya tinye aka na ụfọdụ isiakwụkwọ ndị kacha sie ike na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Spain, ya na Ángel Viñas na Paul Preston na-edekọ akwụkwọ.[1] Ọ duru ndị Spen nke ndị agha so na agha obodo na kọmitii Veterans nke Russia, ma nọgide na-enwe mmekọrịta chiri anya na ndị Spaniard Russia na Spanish Center na Moscow. Na 1994, o bipụtara ihe ncheta Mosaico roto (Broken Mosaic), nke e dere na mmekorita ya na nwanne ya nwanyị Paulina. A na-ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-akwalite mgbake nke ebe nchekwa akụkọ ihe mere eme, yana Dolores Cabra [es].[3] O tinyere aka na Tribute to the International Brigades ahaziri na 1996 na imepụta AGE [es] na 1998, nke ọ na-elekọta ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ. Na 2009, e nyere ya paspọtụ Spanish maka isonye na agha obodo.

Adelina Kondrátieva nwụrụ na Moscow na 14 Disemba 2012, mgbe ọ dị afọ 95.

## Ebem si dee