Talking animals in fiction

thumb|Ihe Achilles Devéria bipụtara n'afọ 1830 na-egosi akụkọ Little Red Riding Hood, ebe nwatakịrị na-eche na nne nne ya nwere anụ ọhịa wolf ma soro ya kwurịta okwu.
Ụmụ Anụmanụ na-ekwu okwu bụ ihe a na-ama na-eme na akụkọ ifo na akwụkwọ akụkọ, Akwụkwọ edemede, na akwụkwọ na-atọ ọchị nke oge a na ihe nkiri animated.  Ụmụ anụmanụ na-ekwu okwu na- ahọpụta anthropomorphic, nwere ike yiri ụmụ (dị ka ịga ije, iyi uwe, na ibi n'iche).  Ma ha bụ anụmanụ ndị dị adị ma ọ bụ ndị egwu, anụmanụ ndị na-ekwu okwu na-arụ ọrụ ndị iche iche n'ụdị, site n'ị anụ omume ọma ruo n'inye ndị mmadụ na ibe ya.  A na- ụmụ anụmanụ na-ekwu okwu n'ibu ifo, ederede , ederede ụmụ amaala, na-abụ na-amụ n'akụmụ afu, ሰሙ ifo, anụmanụ anụmanụ, satire anụmanụ, na ọrụ na-egosi anụ ụlọ na anụ ụlọ.  N'aka nke ọzọ, a na- anụmanụ ndị dị ize ndụ na ndị ọzọ na-eme ka mmadụ yie mmadụ n'okpuru ifo, mgbalị, ihe eji eji egwu egwu na ụdị fantasy..

## Uru nke anụmanụ na-ekwu okwu na akụkọ ifo
Ojiji nke anụmanụ na-ekwu okwu na-enyere ndị na-akọ akụkọ aka ijikọta ndị nwere bụ isi nke anụmanụ ahụ na omume mmadụ, mmetụta ihe atụ, na iji mee ihe na ndị okenye obi ụtọ.[1]  A na-eji ụmụ anụmanụ eme ihe n'ụzọ ụfọdụ iche iche n'ịkpọwa ifo iji nkuzi omume ọma maka mmepụta, iji mee ka ndị na-eto eto na-agụ ihe, [1] na dị ka ngwá ọrụ maka ndị na-ekiri ndị na ibe ya.  [2] Na mgbakwunye, ike iji ụmụ anụmanụ na-ekwu okwu mee ihe maka mmepụta satirical, [1] maka ebumnucha na-atọ ọchị dịka n'ihe gbasara Frog na Toad, [1] na iji iji mamama mmadụ.  [3] A ụmụ iji ụmụ anụmanụ na-ekwu okwu ihe atụ ma ọ bụ ihe atụ.  nkọwa, na Narnia, ike ịhụ Aslan ọdụm dị ka ihe atụ maka akara.[1]  N'ikpeazụ, ọrụ ndị mmadụ ifo na ụmụ anụmanụ na-ekwu okwu na-agbagha nkewa ụmụ na anụmanụ ma ha na-ama nna dị ka ndị otu ọha mmadụ na-eburu ibu ọrụ nke ịbụ ndị na-eme gburugburu ebe obibi / gburugburu ebe obibi obibi.

## Anụmanụ ndị dị adị / ndị na-abụghị akụkọ ifo
N'ihe ngosi ederede, ihe e kere eke na-ejigide ọdịdị mbụ ya, ma e wezụga inwe ike ikwu okwu. Mgbe ụfọdụ ọ nwere ike ikwu naanị dị ka onye na-akọ akụkọ maka ọdịmma onye na-agụ ya. Anụ ndị dị na Watership Down bụ ndị, ma e wezụga ikike ha nwere ikwurịta ihe ha na-eme, na-akpa àgwà dịka ụmụ anụmanụ nkịtị, na-abịakwa n'okpuru ụdị a, dị ka ndị na-eme ihe nkiri dị ka Happy Feet na The Lion King.

### Akụkọ ifo
Omenala nke iji anụmanụ na-ekwu okwu n'ibu mgbasa laa azụ na 550 BCE na Akụkọ ifo Aesop nke Gris.  Panchatantra, nchịkọta anụ India, bụ ihe atụ ọzọ mbụ.  Ha abụọ-eji anụmanụ na-ekwu okwu maka nkuzi.[1]  Akụkọ ifo ndị ọzọ dị ka Sarah Trimmer's History of the Robins (1786) na-eji anụmanụ na-ekwu okwu ụmụ otu esi akpa akpa na ọha mmadụ nakwa otu esi edebe usoro mmadụ na ibe ya.[1]  Ha na-ekwughachi ndị elu nke ụmụ anụmanụ ụmụ anụmanụ nke bụ ihe mere ụmụ mmadụ ji lekọta ụmụ anụmanụ.

### Anụmanụ n'ihe odide okpukpe
A na-eche echiche nke ihe e kere eke na-ekwu okwu n'ime ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ, na ọtụtụ ndị na-eme, ndị agha ifo ndị Grik, Ndị China na ndị India.  Ihe atụ a ma ama sitere na omenala Ndị Juu na Ndị na-abụ isi na-ekwu okwu site n' Jenesis , nke na-anwa Iv iri osisi a akwụkwọ iwu nke ihe nke ọma na ihe onwunwe.  &#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

Na kor'an, a na-ahụ ụmụ anụmanụ dị ka nri sitere n'aka Chineke ma si otú a bụrụ ndị e bu n'obi ijere ụmụ ozi.[1]  E anụmanụ anụmanụ ole na ole nwere ike ikwu okwu, a naghị eme ka ha bụrụ ụmụ mmadụ, onye, ​​ma ọ bụ nye ha aha.[1]  E nwere ikike oge ole na ole ụmụ anụmanụ na-ekwu okwu na kor'an na ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị a na-eme na Solomon.[1]  ለምሳሌ, ọ bụ hoopoe (nnụ a n'Africa, Eshia, na Europe) nke na-agwa Eze Solomon njikọ ụzọ nke Eze Nwanyị Sheba.

=== Ihe odide ndị American Indian/indigenous ===
N'akụkọ ifo ndị American Indian, ụmụ anụmanụ bụ akụkụ dị mkpa maka ndụ mmadụ ma si otú a bụrụ akụkụ nke ezinụlọ / obodo ndị American Indian. Ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụmụ mmadụ na ụmụ anụmanụ dị mma. N'akụkọ ndị a, ụmụ anụmanụ na-anọchite anya ikike ime mgbanwe ma rụọ ọrụ dị ka ndị nduzi na ndị nduzi. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'akwụkwọ Louise Erdrich bụ ''Chickadee'', Chickadee zọpụtara onye na-eme ihe nkiri ahụ, onye nyere ya ntụziaka ịchọta nri na mmiri, mgbe ọ gbanahụrụ ntọrọ.

Ihe atụ ndị ọzọ nke ọrụ ụmụ amaala America na akụkọ anụmanụ na-ekwu okwu gụnyere How I Became a Ghost, Keepers of the Earth, na The Orphan and the Polar Bear, naanị ịkpọ aha ole na ole.

=== Akụkọ banyere ịbịa n'ọzara ===
Na franchises Disney nke The Jungle Book na Tarzan, Mowgli mara Shanti na Ranjan nwere ike ịgwa ụmụ anụmanụ okwu (dị ka anụ ndị sloth, enyí, agụ na python) n'ime kara nke India, na Tarzan na-eji Jane na nna ya nwere ike ike ịgwakọta okwu: gorillas na enyí n'ime oké HARD Africa.    [citation need] N'ime ụmụ anụmanụ, Sabor agụ ekwu okwu.

N'akwụkwọ ụmụaka na-atọ ọchị nke France Pyrénée, Pyrénée nwere ike ịgwa ụmụ anụmanụ ọhịa na ugwu ''Pyrenees'' nke France okwu.

Na Go, Diego, Go! na Dora the Explorer, Dora na nwa nwanne ya nwoke Diego nwere ike ịgwa ụmụ anụmanụ nọ n'oké ọhịa okwu.

=== Akụkọ ifo anụmanụ ===
Akụkọ ifo anụmanụ nwere isiokwu ndị ọzọ na-echebe ihe na-enye ndị na-eto eto ọkụ aka na ozi ndị na-ama aka n'ebe dị anya.  ihe atụ, Web na-ewebata echiche nke ọnwụ mgbe Charlotte nwụrụ ma Wilbur ebubo ilekọta ụmụ ya.[1]  N'otu aka ahụ, anụmanụ ifo anụmanụ na-azụ ụgbọ ala iji nye mgbaàmà mmeso anụmanụ nke anụmanụ, ikike anụmanụ, na nchekwa nke anụmanụ.  Ezigbo ihe atụ nke a ga-abụ usoro Doctor Doolittle.  [2] N'ikpeazụ, n'oge ngwaọrụ a ebe ike nke oge a na-enwekarị obere mmetụ na i anụmanụ anụmanụ na gburugburu ebe obibi, edision ifo ụmụ anụmanụ nke okike na-enye ndị edemede klaasị ụzọ omume ụmụ anụmanụ.[2][3]  nkọwa Bambi, ma akwụkwọ 1928 ma ihe nkiri Disney, na-egosi usoro ndụ nke mgbada.[2]  Nkịta na-ahụ nta na ihe nkiri ahụ ahụ ekwu okwu.

=== Akụkọ ndụ anụmanụ ===
Ọrụ akụkọ ifo a kọrọ site n'echiche anụmanụ, dị ka ịnyịnya na Black Beauty, na-agba ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ ume inwe ọmịiko n'ebe ụmụ anụmanụ nọ. Ọzọkwa, n'ozuzu ha na-agbagha nkewa mmadụ na anụmanụ. Ihe atụ ndị ọzọ nke akụkọ ndụ anụmanụ gụnyere The Life and Perambulations of a Mouse (1783), The Biography of a Spaniel (1806), The Adventures of a Donkey (1815), The Curious Adventures of an Field Cricket (1881), na Thy Servant, a Dog (1930).

=== Akụkọ gbasara ụmụ anụmanụ ===
Maka ụfọdụ ndị edemede na-ekwu okwu anụmanụ, kama ịbụ ndị mmadụ, nyere ha ohere ibipụta nkọwa ha na-atọ ọchị site n'ichebe ha pụọ na nkatọ. Chaucer's Canterbury Tales na Orwell's Animal Farm bụ ụfọdụ n'ime ihe atụ ndị a ma ama nke a.

=== Akụkọ ifo nke oge a ===
Akwụkwọ akwụkwọ nke oge a dị ka Alexis Wright's The Swan Book, Colin McAdam's A Beautiful Truth, Erin Hortle's The Octopus na m na Laura Jean McKay's The Animals in That Country na-egosi olu anụmanụ n'ekiri ihe odide ndị.  Akwụkwọ ụmụ ndị a na-egosi ụmụ dị ka ndị kwesịrị ekwesị otu ọnọdụ n' ahụ. 

== Ihe ndị e kere eke dị egwu ==
N'ime ụlọ ọrụ nke ihe osise, eserese, na ihe nkiri, ndị ọkachamara na-ezo aka n'ụdị ihe odide ndị a dị ka anụmanụ na-ekwu okwu,  anụmanụ na'atọ ọchị,  ma ọ bụ **Ihe odide anthropomorphic**. 

=== Akụkọ ifo ===
Many fairy tales include talking creatures that prove to be shapeshifted people, or even ghosts.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D; The fairy tales *How Ian Direach got the Blue Falcon* and *Tsarevitch Ivan, the Fire Bird and the Gray Wolf* have the hero aided by a fox and a wolf respectively, but in the similar tale *The Golden Bird*, the talking fox is freed from a spell to become the heroine's brother, and in *The Bird 'Grip*', the fox leaves the hero after explaining that it was the dead man whose debts the hero had paid.

Ma ọ bụ na-agbanwe ọdịdị ma ọ bụ naanị na-enwe ikike anwansi ikwu okwu, ihe e kere eke na-ekwu okwu bụ ma eleghị anya àgwà kachasị n'Akụkọ ifo. O doro anya na ihe kpatara ya dị n'ọtụtụ akụkọ karịa fada.

### Akụkọ sayensị
Ezigbo ihe atụ nke ụdị akụkọ sayensị bụ webcomic Anima: Age of the Robots nke na-eji anthropomorphism egosi ụwa ọzọ dị ka nke oge a dị ka nke anyị, mana ndị bi na ya bụ ndị yiri ya.   [arụrịta ụka - kwurịta] Robots nwere ọgụgụ isi ha mere na-enupụ isi ma na-eyi ihe e kere eke egwu. Nke a na-eje ozi dị ka ịdọ aka ná ntị maka ịchụso ọganihu teknụzụ na-enweghị echiche nke ihe a kpọrọ mmadụ.   &#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

=== Akụkọ ihe eji egwuri egwu ===
Ihe eji egwuri egwu na-eme ihe nkiri na ọrụ akụkọ ifo na-ewu ewu maka igosipụta nchegbu banyere mmepe mmadụ na ịdị adị. N'akwụkwọ ihe eji egwuri egwu, e nwere ihe ole na ole a na-ahụkarị na a na-eji ihe eji egwú eme ihe iji gosipụta. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ihe eji egwuri egwu na-ekwu okwu nwere ike igosipụta nchegbu mmadụ banyere ihe ọ pụtara ịbụ "ezigbo" yana igosipụta ọgụ ike mgbe ha nọ n'aka ụmụ mmadụ. Ihe ọzọ a na-ahụkarị bụ ihe okpukpe na-ezo aka n'ihe okike nke chi mgbe ụmụ mmadụ na-emepụta ihe egwuregwu na-adị ndụ. Ihe atụ ụfọdụ nke anụmanụ ndị na-ekwu okwu na-agụnye anụmanụ na ''Winnie the Pooh'', nkịta ndị e ji osisi mee na Poor Cecco,  Skin Horse na Velveteen rabbit na The Velveteen Rabbit, na ihe eji egwuri egwu Slinky Dog na Tyrannosaurus Rex na Disney's Toy Story. 


=== Echiche efu ===


== Hụkwa ==

* Anthropomorphism
* Fandom na-acha anụnụ anụnụ
* Anụ Na-ekwu Okwu
* Ụmụ anụmanụ na-ekwu okwu na akụkọ sayensị
* Uplift (akụkọ sayensị) 

== Ihe odide ==


== Ịgụ ihe ọzọ ==

* Blount, M. ''Animal Land: The Creatures of Children's Fiction''. William Morrow & Company, 1975. 336 p.
* Cosslett, T. [https://books.google.com/books?id=9km18VvPA6YC ''Talking animals in British children's fiction, 1786-1914'']. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2006. 205 p. , 
* Elick, C. [https://books.google.com/books?id=CELYBgAAQBAJ Talking Animals in Children's Fiction: A Critical Study]. McFarland, 2015. 258 p. , 
* 
* Morgenstern, J. [http://muse.jhu.edu/login?auth=0&type=summary&url=/journals/lion_and_the_unicorn/v024/24.1morgenstern.html "Children and other talking animals"]. ''The Lion and the Unicorn''. 2000. **24*'.1. pp.&nbsp;110–127.
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=hzy1tWw-AQ0C *Speaking for animals: Animal Autobiographical Writing*]. Ed. by Margo DeMello. New York: Routledge, 2012. — 274 p. , 
* *Talking Animals Or Humans in Fur?: A Study of Anthropomorphic Animals in Illustrated Children's Literature*. Victoria University of Wellington, 1998. 86 p.
* Teupe, L. [https://books.google.com/books?id=nJqTAgAAQBAJ *The Function of Animals in Fairy Tales and Fables*]. GRIN Verlag, 2014. 12 p. , .
* Ziolkowski, J. M. *Talking animals: Medieval Latin beast poetry, 750-115''. University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993.

* Mgbasa ozi metụtaraỤmụ anụmanụ na-ekwu okwu n'akụkọ ifona Wikimedia Commons
Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations