Agnès Humbert

**Agnès Humbert** (12 Ọktoba 1894 - 19 Septemba 1963) bụ onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme, onye na-ede akụkọ ihe mere mere eme na onye òtù French Resistance n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. A marala ya nke ọma site na mbipụta nke akwụkwọ akụkọ nke ahụmahụ ya n'oge Agha na France na n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ndị Germany n'oge ndị Nazi.

## Akụkọ ndụ

### Mmalite Ndụ
A mụrụ **Agnes Dorothée Humbert**, nke a maara dị ka Agnès Humbert, na 12 Ọktoba 1894 na Dieppe, France, nwa nwanyị nke onye omeiwu France bụ Charles Humbert na onye edemede Bekee Mabel Wells Annie Rooke (nwa nwa nke onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Bekee bụ Joseph Drew).

Ọ nọ na Paris mgbe ọ dị na nwata, ebe ọ mụrụ ise ihe osise na ịchọ ihe mma. Ọ bụụrụ nwa akwụkwọ Maurice Denis yana Georges Hanna Sabbagh, onye ọ lụrụ na Jenụwarị 1916. Ọ gara n'ihu na-ese ihe, na-eji pseudonym Agnès Sabbert, ma ọ bụ Agnès Sabert.[1] Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ihe; ọ bụ onye na-akọwa mbipụta nke afọ 1928 nke Albert Samain's Au jardin de l'infante.[2] Ya na Sabbagh mụrụ ụmụ nwoke abụọ: Jean Sabbagh, onye ọlụagha na mmiri na onye ndụmọdụ nye General Charles de Gaulle, [3] yana onye isi na telivishọn na onye mmepụta ihe nkiri bụ Pierre Sabbagh. Agnès na Georges gbara alụkwaghịm n'afọ 1934.. &#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

Site na 1929 Humbert mụrụ maka akụkọ mmalite nke nkà na Sorbonne yana n'ụlọ akwụkwọ Louvre, wee gụọ akwụkwọ inweta nzere ukwu na nkà ihe ọmụma na ethnography. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na Musée national des Arts et Traditions Populaires (nke dị na Palais de Chaillot na Paris n'oge ahụ) wee bụrụ ezigbo onye mmekọ nke onye nduzi nke ọ́bankà ahụ bụ Georges-Henri Rivière. Akwụkwọ mbụ o bipụtara bụ akwụkwọ banyere onye na-ese ihe Louis David, nke e bipụtara na 1936. Ọ na-agbasa ozi na nka na Redio Paris na mbido afọ 1936. 

=== Nnọgide n'oge agha ===
Malite n'ọdịda nke Paris ruo n'oge Gestapo nwụchiri ya ma gbaa ya ajụjụ ọnụ na Eprel 1941, Humbert dowere akwụkwọ akụkọ e dere ede. Ewezuga ihe ndetu irighiri ole na ole, ọ maliteghachịrị ide akwụkwọ akụkọ ya mgbe ọ pụtachara na mkpọrọ ka afọ anọ gasịrị na Eprel 1945. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

#### Ndị Nazi nọ na Paris
Ụbọchị ole na ole mgbe ọdịda Paris gasịrị na 14 Jun 1940, ebe ọ gbapụrụ na Paris ka ya na nne ya nọrọ n'ụlọ nwa nwanne ya nwanyị Daisy Drew  na Vicq-sur-Breuilh, na mberede ọ nụrụ arịrịọ nke General de Gaulle na Redio France nke BBC na-agba ndị France ume ka ha gaa n'ihu na-alụ ọgụ megide ndị Germany na-achị achị na Gọọmentị Vichy. Ọ kpasuru ya iwe mgbe ndị Germany wepụrụ akwụkwọ n'ọbá akwụkwọ ya, wee tinye nke ndị odee Germany. N'abalị isii n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, a madoro ọ́kwà n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá Palais de Chaillot, na-amanye ndị agha Germany ka ha banye n'efu, o dekwara n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ya na ọ gwara onye ọrụ ibe ya Jean Cassou "M na-eche na m ga-agba ara, n'ụzọ nkịtị, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ nweghị ihe m mere!".  Ya mere, ya na Boris Vildé, Anatole Lewitsky, Jean Cassou na Yvonne Oddon guzobere Groupe du musée de l'Homme site na ndị òtù ọ́bankà ahụ, òtù mmegide mbụ na France. N'ime ọnwa ole na ole, ndị ọsụ ụzọ a wuru netwọk dị n'okpuru ala. Omume ha gbasara ngwa ngwa site n'ịmepụta akwụkwọ akụkọ nzuzo, Résistance, nke nwere naanị mbipụta ise, n'etiti 15 Disemba 1940 na ngwụcha Machị 1941, yana nchịkọta akụkọ (nke mbụ bụ Boris Vildé dere) na-enweghị echiche efu banyere Pétain na gọọmentị Vichy. Òtù a gara n'ihu na-enye ndị Britain ozi.

#### Ikpe Ikpe na Ịtụ Mkpọrọ
A raara ndị isi nke òtù n*nupụisi* ahụ nye ma nwuchie ha n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 1941. Humbert wee were Pierre Brossolette n'ọrụ ka ọ gaa n'ihu na ọnụ ọgụgụ ikpeazụ nke Résistance tupu a nwuchie ya n'onwe ya. E zigara ndị otù ọ́bankà nka ahụ n'Ụlọ Mkpọrọ Cherche-Midi dị ọjọọ yana ụlọ mkpọrọ Fresnes dị na Paris ebe Wehrmacht kpere ha ikpe, wee maa ya,  na Febụwarị 1942, na ndị òtù ya asaa ndị ọzọ,  ikpe ọnwụ. Otú ọ dị, a kpọfere ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ de la Santé ebe ọnọdụ katụ mma, ebe nwa ya nwoke Pierre na nne ya letara ya, mana ọ chọpụtara na ndị ikom ahụ anwụọla site n'ịgba ha égbè (ha bụrụ abụ "Vive la France" n'oge ikpeazụ ha). A mara ụmụ nwanyị ahụ ikpe ịrụ ọrụ dịka ndị ohu afọ ise ma chụga ha n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Anrath na Germany. E mere ka Humbert rụọ ọrụ n'ọnọdụ dị njọ na ụlọ ọrụ Phrix rayon na Krefeld: n'ebe ahụ ndị ọrụ nwụrụ, kpuru ìsì, ma nwee ọnọdụ akpụkpọ ahụ jọgburu onwe ya. Mgbe afọ anọ gasịrị, na Jun 1945, Ndị Agha nke Atọ nke United States tọhapụrụ ya, ebe akwụkwọ akụkọ ya dekọrọ òtù o si sonye na "Nchụ nta Nazi" na Wanfried n'afọ 1945. O guzobere usekwu ofe maka ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ ma kwuo n'ụzọ doro anya na onye ọ bụla ga-enweta òkè, ọbụna ndị Germany. O mechara nye aka malite usoro nke ndị Nazi.

### Mgbe agha biri
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|150x150px|Croix de Guerre nwere igu nkwụ
Mgbe agha biri, Humbert jụrụ ịlaghachị ga rụọ ọrụ na ọ́bankà ahụ, mana ọ sonyeere Jean Cassou na National Museum of Modern Art a rụrụ ohụrụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ahụmahụ ndị o nwere metụtara ahụike ya, ọ gàrà n'ihu na-ede akwụkwọ dị iche iche na nkà. 

O bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ya n'okpuru aha Notre Guerre n'afọ 1946. Barbara Mellor mechara bipụtagharịa nke a ma sụgharịa ya n'asụsụ Bekee dị ka Résistance, Memoirs of Occupied France . 

N'afọ 1949 e nyèrè ya ihe nrite Croix de Guerre nke nwere igu nkwu ọlaọcha ọlaọcha maka ịbụ dike ya. &#x5B;**&#x5D;

Ọ nọrọ afọ ndị ikpeazụ ya na nwa ya nwoke Pierre bi n'ime obodo Valmondois a ma lie ya n'ebe ili ozu dị n'ebe ahụ. Ọrụ ikpeazụ ya bụ mmeghe nke ihe ngosi Maurice Denis na ọ́bankà Toulouse-Lautrec dị na Albi n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 1963. Ọ nwụrụ ụbọchị iri tupu ngwụcha ihe ngosi ahụ.

## Akwụkwọ ndị o bipụtara

* Agnès Humbert, Louis David, onye na-ese ihe na onye omenala: edemede nke nkatọ Marxist, Paris, Editions sociales internationales, 1936.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* Agnès Humbert (okwu mmeghe), L. Chevojon (foto), Le Musée National d'Art Moderne: Peinture, sculpture, Paris, Musée National de Art Moderne, 1948.
* Agnès Humbert na Nadeshda Ferber, *Die französische Malerei von den Anfängen zum Impressionism* ("Ihe osise French site na mmalite nke Impressionism"), 30 ihe osise, Berlin, Minerva-Verlag, 1949.
* Agnès Humbert, Vu et entendu en Yougoslavie ("A hụrụ ma nụ ya na Yugoslavia"), Paris, Deux-Rives, 1950.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* Agnès Humbert, (nkwupụta na French na Bekee), La Sculpture Contemporaine au Musée National d'Art Moderne de Paris, Paris, Albert Morancé, 1954.
* Gaston Diehl (ihe odide nke Agnès Humbert), *Henri Matisse*, 140 agba na ihe osise, Paris, Pierre Tisné, 1954 (nakwa New York, Universe Books, 1958).
* Agnès Humbert, Henri Matisse, ihe osise, mbipụta akpa nwere ihe osise 42, Paris, Fernand Hazan, 1956.
* Agnès Humbert (foto nke Guy de Belleval, tr. Joan Dalrymple), *Ndị na-ese ihe n'oge a: Jean-Jacques Morvan*, Geneva, Rene Kister, 1962.
* Agnès Humbert, Exposition Maurice Denis: Ihe osise, ihe osise, lithographies. Site na 28 June ruo 29 September 1963 mmeghe maka katalọgụ nke ihe ngosi na Musée Toulouse-Lautrec, na Albi, 1963.

Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya:

* Agnès Humbert (okwu mmeghe nke Julien Blanc dere), Notre guerre: Souvenirs de Résistance, Paris 1940-41, mbipụta nke abụọ. , Tallandier, 2004 (n'asụsụ French). E bipụtara ya na 1946, mgbe ọ lọtara n'ụlọ mkpọrọ.

## Edensibịa

* Humbert, Agnès (tr. Barbara Mellor), Résistance: Memoirs of Occupied France, London, Bloomsbury Publishing PLC, 2008   (American title: Resistance: A Frenchwoman's Journal of the War, Bloomsshire, US, 2008); Dutch: Resistance. *Dagboek van een Parisienne in het verzet* (Amsterdam: De Bezige Bij, 2008)  
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]

## Ihe ndị e deturu

## Njikọ mpụga

* Nnupụisi siri ike na Paris ndị Nazi
* Bloomsbury Publishing Agnès Humbert, (tr. Barbara Mellor) Nnupụisi: Memoirs of Occupied France*Nnupụisi: Ihe ncheta nke France e weghaara*

Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations