Calvin C. Hernton

**Calvin Coolidge Hernton** (28 Eprel, 1932 - 30 Septemba, 2001) bụ onye mba Amerịka na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, onye na-ede uri na onye edemede, onye ama ama maka ọmụmụ ya nke 1965 Sex and Racism in America, nke a kọwara dị ka "ile anya n'ezoghị ọnụ na ọrụ esemokwu *mmekọahụ* na-arụ na nkewa agbụrụ America, ọ nyekwara aka setịpụ ụda maka ọtụtụ nkatọ mmekọrịta ndị Africa na ibe ya n'ime afọ iri sochirinụ. "

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Hernton na Chattanooga, Tennessee, United States, n'ọnwa Eprel 28, afọ 1932. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Talladega College na Alabama, ebe ọ natara B.A. na sociology (1954), na Mahadum Fisk, ebe ọ nwetara nzere masta. N'etiti afọ 1950, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọrụ ebere na New York City. Ọ gụkwara uri n'ebe ahụ ma soro guzobe magazin *Umbra*, nke bipụtara nchịkọta ndị edemede ojii gụnyere Langston Hughes, Ishmael Reed na Alice Walker. Hernton mechara gaa London ma soro Institute of Phenomenological Studies (1965–69), na-agụ akwụkwọ n'okpuru R. D. Laing. Hernton nọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'akụkụ Obi Egbuna, C. L. R. James na ndị ọzọ na Antiuniversity of London.

Ọ laghachiri US na 1970, wee gaa Oberlin College dị ka onye edemede na ebe obibi ma mgbe afọ abụọ gasịrị, ọ sonyeere ngalaba Black Studies. Ọ bụ Prọfesọ nke African-American Studies n'ebe ahụ ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká n'afọ 1999.

Hernton bụ onye dere akwụkwọ itoolu nke na-egosipụta ihe odide ya dị ka onye na-ede uri, onye na-ede akwụkwọ, onye edemede, onye na-ede egwuregwu, na onye ọkà mmụta sayensị na-elekọta mmadụ, gụnyere Sex and Racism In America (1965), nke a sụgharịrị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, na The Sexual Mountain and Black Women Writers: Adventures in Sex, Literature, and Real Life (1987). E bipụtakwara uri ya na Essence, *Evergreen Review* na Black Scholar, n'etiti ebe ndị ọzọ, na ndekọ dị iche iche ma mee ya na egwuregwu na Broadway na njem.

N'afọ 2011, Chelsea Art Museum mepụtara ihe nkiri nke *Black Zero*, ihe Aldo Tambellini mere na Group Center ọtụtụ oge n'etiti afọ 1963 nakwa afọ 1965. Ihe ndekọ ụda nke Hernton na-agụ uri ya na-esonyere Ben Morea na Henry Grimes.

Hernton nwụrụ na Oberlin, Ohio, mgbe ọ dị afọ 69.

## Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ
**Akụkọ ifo**

* *Scarecrow* (novel; 1974)

**Akụkọ Ihe Mere Mere Eme** 

* *Mmekọahụ na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na America* (Doubleday, 1965)
* White Papers for White Americans (Doubleday, 1966)
* Ịbịkọta ọnụ: Ike ojii, ịkpọasị ọcha, na Mmekọahụ (Doubleday, 1971)
* (ya na Joseph Berke) The Cannabis Experience: An Interpretative Study of the Effects of Marijuana and Hashish (London: Peter Owen, 1974)
* The Sexual Mountain and Black Women Writers: Adventures in Sex, Literature, and Real Life (1987)

**uri**

* The Coming of Chronos to the House of Nightsong: An Epical Narrative of the South (Interim Books, 1964)
* Medicine Man: Collected Poems (Reed Cannon & Johnson Publishing, 1976)
* *The Red Crab Gang na Black River Poems* (Ishmael Reed Publishing Company, 1999)
* Selected Poems (Wesleyan University Press, forthcoming, 2022)

**Egwuregwu**

* *Obi ụtọ ịnwụ* (1958)
* *Ọkụ* (1958)
* *Ebe ahụ* (1972)
* (Egwuregwu ndị a ka ebipụtaghị)

**Onyinye maka Anthologies**

* (Poetry) Rosey E. Pool, ed., Beyond the Blues: New Poems by American Negroes (Hand & Flower Press, 1962)
* (Poetry and essay) LeRoi Jones na Larry Neal, eds, Black Fire: An Anthology of Afro-American Writing (Morrow, 1969)

## Ebensidee

## Ịgụgụ ọzọ

* Tom Dent, ‘A Voice from a Tumultuous Time’ (review of Medicine Man), *Obsidian*, Vol.6 (Spring-Summer 1980), pp. 103–6.
* David Grundy, A Black Arts Poetry Machine: Amiri Baraka and the Umbra Poets (London: Bloomsbury, 2019).
* Michel Oren, "The Enigmatic Career of Hernton's Scarecrow", *Callaloo*, Volume 29, Number 2, Spring 2006, pp. 608–618.
* Lauri Ramey, "Calvin Hernton: Portrait of a Poet", na Lauri Ramey (ed.), The Heritage Series of Black Poetry, 1962-1975: A Research Compendium (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2008).
* Lorenzo Thomas, Extraordinary Measures: Afrocentric Modernism and Twentieth Century American Poetry (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2000), pp. 133–6.

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
* Margalit Fox, "Calvin Hernton, 69, Scholar Of American Race Relations" (obituary), *The New York Times*, October 10, 2001.
* "Medicine Man" nke Calvin Hernton dere, African American Registry
*  at the Internet Archive