Christian Lattier

**Christian Lattier** (1925–1978) bụ onye Ivory Coast na-akpụ ihe nke amụrụ na Grand Lahou, Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast).

## Akụkọ ndụ
Christian Lattier bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe a ma ama si Côte d'Ivoire, ọ bụkwa onye na-ese ihe n'etiti senchiri nke iri abụọ. N'oge ọ dị obere, Lattier gụrụ akwụkwọ na Catholic Mission na Abidjan na Côte d'Ivoire. "Onye na-akpụ ihe n'eyighị ihe ọ bụla n'aka," dị ka ụfọdụ na-akpọ ya, si Ivory Coast kwaga France na 1935 maka ebumnuche agụmakwụkwọ. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri, ọ gara Marist Brotherhood nke Saint-Chamond na Loire, ụlọ akwụkwọ Katọlik nke Marcellin Champagnat hiwere.

Na 1945 Ọ malitere ọmụmụ ya na Écoles des Beaux-Arts (School of Fine Arts), Saint-Étienne, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na otu. N'oge ọ nọ na Saint-Étienne, ọ mụrụ ihe n'okpuru Henri Barthelemy, onye ọkachamara na-akpụ ihe, na Joachim Durand, onye na-emepụta ihe nlereanya.

N'afọ 1947, ọ gafere na École des Beaux-Arts de Paris ebe ọ gụrụ gbasara ọkpụkpụ ihe na ise ụkpụrụ ụlọ n'okpuru ọtụtụ ndị ama ama nke ihe ọkpụkpụ, ụkpụrụ ụlọ na ịkpụ osisi. Ọ pụtara na nraranye na-enweghị atụ maka ihe ọkpụkpụ nke oge a, na-anwale ụdị ọhụrụ na ihe ndị a na-adịghị ahụkebe. N'oge na-adịghị anya, a nabatara ya maka ikike nka ya na ụdị ọrụ ya dị iche iche. Ọ hapụrụ École des Beaux-Arts de Paris na 1956 ma nọrọ ọtụtụ afọ na-eme ngosi ihe tupu ọ laghachi Côte d'Ivoire mgbe ọ nweere onwe ya n'aka France na 1960.

Ọ laghachiri na Côte d'Ivoire n'ihe dị ka 1961-62 iji kụzie dị ka prọfesọ maka nka ihe ọkpụkpụ na École Nationale des Beaux-Arts na Abidjan. Ọ nọrọ afọ ndị fọdụrụnụ n'ebe ahụ ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na mberede na 1978.

## Mmetụta na mmetụta
Ụdị ihe ọhụrụ nke Christian Lattier bụ isi ihe na mmepe nke modernism na ihe ọkpụkpụ na Côte d'Ivoire na France. N'ihi na France na-achị Côte d'Ivoire site na 1893-1960, omenala dị ọtụtụ narị afọ na omenala Europe na West Africa metụtara ya. O sitere na mkpali nke ihe nkpuchi ndị Afrịka ma jiri eriri, waya na ụcha na-acha ọbara ọbara na ihe ọkpụkpụ ya. N'oge ndụ ya niile, o mepụtara ihe karịrị atụmatụ pụkụ atọ, na-edebe ihe kachasị mma ya ma na-ebibi ndị ọzọ. Lattier bụ onye pụrụ iche mgbe ọ bịara n'ihe ọkpụkpụ ya; ọ na-ebibi ọrụ ya ma malite ọzọ ọtụtụ oge ruo mgbe ọ ruru ogo ọ chọrọ. Lattier jiri oge ya niile na-arụ ọrụ ma na-eme nchọpụta iji meziwanye ọrụ ya. A maara ọdịdị ya na-arụsi ọrụ ike ma mee ka ndị gbara ya gburugburu nwee mmetụta. 

Akụkụ iri na itoolu nke ihe ọkpụkpụ Christian Lattier dị ugbu a na nchịkọta nke Musée National de Côte d'Ivoire na Abidjan. 

## Isiokwu na ụdị
Ụdị Christian Lattierī bụ iji usoro ọdịnala ọdịda anyanwụ Afrịka nke ịkpa ihe nkpuchi gburugburu etiti waya ma ọ bụ kee ya na echiche ndị sitere na nka na akụkọ ọdịbendị Europe. Lattier na-eji nkume, waya, osisi, na eriri hemp siri ike arụ ọrụ

Lattier bụ onye ọsụ ụzọ na ihe ọkpụkpụ nke oge a na Côte d'Ivoire na France. Ụdị ya a na-ahụtụbeghị mbụ mepụtara ihe ọkpụkpụ, nke mesịrị wetara ya ọtụtụ onyinye na ihe ịga nke ọma.

## Ịgagharị
Ọ bụ akụkụ nke The Short Century nke bụ ihe ngosi banyere nnwere onwe na nnwere onwe n'Africa n'etiti 1945-1994 nke gara Munich, Berlin, Chicago, na New York site na Mee 18, 2001 ruo Julaị 29, 2001.

## Ọrụ ndị a ma ama

* 1954: Lattier's Le *Panthere* (The panther), meriri Chevanard Prix na "World Festival of Black Arts" na Dakar, ebe ọ malitere iji eriri, mgbe ọ na-abụkarị, ndị na-achọ ịbata na-enye naanị plasterboard.
* 1957: Lattier na onye na-ese ihe Roland Guillaumel na Georges Fabre rụkọtara ọrụ na ịchọ mma mpụga nke Abidjan Town Hall.
* 1962: Otu n'ime ọrụ ya a ma ama bụ ihe oyiyi a na-akpọ The Chicken Thief ma ọ bụ Victory of Samothrace . E ji eriri na waya mee ya ma ọ dị ihe dị ka mita ano n'ịdị elu.
* 1969: Lattier mepụtara nnukwu mgbidi e ji eriri mee nke egosiri n'ụlọ nzukọ nke ọdụ ụgbọ elu nke Abidjan nke akpọrọ The three ages of Ivory Coast, yana ígwè na ihe a kpụrụ akpụ akpọrọ *Ivory Coast n'afọ 2000*, na The Aviation, n'otu n'otu.
* 1970: Lattier sonyere n'ịchọ ụlọ nke Price Stabilization Fund na Abidjan mma.
* 1975, Lattier mepụtara Mask, nke dọtara uche n'ihi ojiji o ji usoro ọdịnala nke na-ezo aka na ọdịnala West Africa.

### Ihe ngosi

* 1958: Sorbonne, Paris, France
* 1959: 1st Biennale de Paris, na Musée d'Art Moderne nke obodo Paris, France
* 1961: Salon de Comparison, Paris, France.
* 1963: Ihe ngosi na Ụlọ Nzukọ Obodo nke Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
* 1965: Ihe ngosi nke abụọ na Côte d'Ivoire
* 1966: Ememme Black Arts, Dakar, Senegal
* 1969: Ememme Algier, Algeria
* 1967: Universal Fair, Montreal, Canada
* 1975: Centre Culturel Français, Abidjan, Elfenbeinküste. Ihe ngosi nke atọ na Côte d'Ivoire
* 2001-02: "The Short Century. Independence and Liberation Movements in Africa 1945-94" nke Okwui Enwezor haziri maka Villa Stuck na Munich, gosipụtara na Berlin, Chicago na New York
* 2004: "Dak'Art" 6th Edition nke Dakar Biennial na Senegal
* 2007-08: "Black Paris - Black Brussels", nke: Kerstin Pinther, Sigrid Horsch-Albert na Hanna Kiefer haziri, nke emere na Bayreuth n'etiti 26 Ọktoba 2006-11 Febụwarị 2007, na Frankfurt am Main n'etiti 13 Machị 2007- 4 Nọvemba 2007 na Brussels, Musée d'Ixelles n'etiti 27 Febụwarụ - 27. Epr. 2008

### Onyinye

* 1953: Ihe nrite mbụ nke Cathedrales de France n'oge ọ bi na France
* 1954: Ihe nrite mbụ nke Chenavard maka ọrụ ya Le *Panthere*
* 1954: "Grand Prix" na 1st World Festival of Black Arts
* 1960: "Premier Prix maka ihe ọkpụkpụ nke Asnières na ihe nrite ọla edo nke obodo Tavery"
* 1966: "World Grand Prix of Negro Arts"
* 1976: N'abalị nke Order of the Republic of the Ivory Coast

## Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ

* Bassori, TIMITE. "In Memoriam : Christian Lattier, Artiste Sculpteur Ivoirien." *Présence Africaine*, no. 107 (1978): 267-70. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24350214
*Brockman, Norbert C. "LATTIER, Christian." In *An African Biographical Dictionary*, 2nd ed. Grey House Publishing, 2006. https://search-credoreference-com.ezproxy.lib.uh.edu/content/entry/ghabd/lattier_christian/0
*"Christian LATTIER." Abidjan. Weblogy Group Ltd. Web. 17 Nov. 2014. .
* Clewing, Ulrich. "Nike of Samothrace Is the Chicken Thief." Culture Base. Culture Base, 2 July 2003. Web. 7 Nov. 2014. .
*Ravenhill, Philip L. "Côte d’Ivoire, République de." *Grove Art Online.* 2003; Accessed 21 Oct. 2019. https://www.oxfordartonline.com/groveart/view/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.001.0001/oao-9781884446054-e-7000019806
*Vincent, Cédric. "Tendencies and Confrontations: Dakar 1966," *Afterall: A Journal of Art, Context and Enquiry*, no. 43 (Spring/Summer 2017): 88-101. 
*Visonà, Monica Blackmun. "Redefining Twentieth Century African Art: The View from the Lagoons of Côte d'Ivoire." *African Arts* 38, no. 4 (Winter, 2005): 54-61,93-94. .
* Yacouba Konate, *Christian Lattier, Le sculpteur aux mains nues*, Edition Sépia, 1993. ISBN: 2-907888-23-4

## Hụkwa

* Ihe osise Africa nke Oge A
* Omenala nke Ivory Coast

## Ebensidee

* Isiokwu banyere Lattier nke Ulrich Clewing dere
* Ihe edeturu na Lattier na Canadian Heritage Information Network
* Nkwupụta mgbasa ozi nke "The Short Century. Nnwere onwe na nnwere onwe Movements na Africa 1945-94" site na Haus der Kulturen der Welt, May 2001