J. P. Clark

**John Pepper Clark-Bekederemo** 

( 6 Eprel 1935-13 Ọktoba 2020) bụ onye Naijiria na-ede uri na onye na-ede egwuregwu, onye bipụtakwara dị ka J.P Clark na  **John Pepper Clark** .

## Ndụ
A mụrụ ya na Kiagbodo, Naịjirịa, nna Ijaw na nne Urhobo, Clark nwetara agụmakwụkwọ ya n'oge ọ bụ nwata na Native Authority School, Okrika (Ofinibenya-Ama), na Burutu LGA (n'oge ahụ Western Ijaw) na prestigious Government College na Ughelli, na nzere BA ya na Bekee na Mahadum Ibadan, ebe o dezigharịrị magazin dị iche iche, gụnyere Beacon na The *Horn*. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Ibadan na 1960, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọrụ ozi na Ministry of Information, na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ ochie nke Naịjirịa, dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke *Daily Express*, yana dị ka onye nyocha na Institute of African Studies, Mahadum Ibadan. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ ọtụtụ afọ dị ka prọfesọ nke Bekee na Mahadum Lagos, ọkwá ọ lara ezumike nká na 1980. Mgbe ọ nọ na Mahadum Lagos, ọ bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ *Black Orpheus* .

N'afọ 1982, ya na nwunye ya Ebun Odutola (onye prọfesọ na onye bụbu onye nduzi nke Centre for Cultural Studies na Mahadum Lagos), o guzobere PEC Repertory Theatre na Lagos.

Nwoke na-eme njem n'ọtụtụ ebe, Clark mere nleta na nhọpụta prọfesọ n'ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ dị elu, gụnyere Yale na Mahadum Wesleyan na United States.

## Abụ uri
A maara Clark nke ọma maka uri ya, gụnyere:

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* Abụ uri (Mbari, 1961), otu *abụ* 40 na-ekwu maka isiokwu dịgasị iche iche;
* A Reed in the Tide (Longmans, 1965), uri oge ụfọdụ nke na-elekwasị anya na nzụlite ndị Africa Clark na ahụmịhe njem ya na America na ebe ndị ọzọ.
* *Ndị nwụrụnụ*: Poems 1966 Xia68 (USA: Africana Publishing Corporation, 1970), nke na-egosi ihe ndị jọgburu onwe ha mere n'agha Naịjirịa na Biafra;
* A Decade of Tongues (Longmans, Drumbeat series, 1981), nchịkọta nke uri 74, nke niile ma e wezụga "Epilogue to Casualties" (nke a raara nye Michael Echeruo) ka e bipụtara na mpịakọta ndị mbụ;
* State of the Union (1981), nke na-eme ka egwu Clark banyere ihe omume mmekọrịta ọha na eze na Naijiria dị ka mba na-emepe emepe pụta ìhè.
* *Mandela* and Other Poems (1988), nke na-ekwu maka nsogbu na-adịgide adịgide nke ịka nká na ọnwụ.

Ndị nkatọ achọpụtala usoro atọ dị mkpa n'ọrụ uri Clark: usoro mmụta nke nnwale na nnwale, nke ndị dị ka "Darkness and Light" na "Iddo Bridge" gosipụtara; usoro nṅomi, nke ọ na-eji usoro abụ ọdịda anyanwụ dị ka ọnụọgụ abụọ na usoro sonnet, nke gosipụtara na okwu ndị dị ka ""To a Fallen Soldier" na "Of Faith"; na ọkwa nke ọ bụla, ebe ọ na-enweta ntozu na mmalite nke ụdị abụ ndị dị ka ụlọ elu mmiri ozuzo na "Night Tower", "Night".

N'ime ọrụ ya niile, isiokwu ụfọdụ na-apụta:

* Ime ihe ike na ngagharị iwe, dị ka ọ dị na *ndị nwụrụ* anwụ;
* Nrụrụ aka ụlọ ọrụ, dị ka na State of the Union;
* Ịma mma nke okike na ala, dị ka na A Reed in the Tide;
* Ọchịchị ndị Europe dị ka, dịka ọmụmaatụ, "Ivbie" na nchịkọta uri;
* Obi ọjọọ nke agbụrụ mmadụ dị ka ọ dị na *Mandela na* Poems ndị ọzọ.

Clark na-emekarị banyere isiokwu ndị a site na mgbagwoju anya nke ihe oyiyi ndị Afrịka na nke ọdịnala ọdịda anyanwụ.

## Ihe nkiri
Ọrụ dị egwu nke Clark gụnyere Song of a Goat nke emere na Mbari Club na 1961 bụ ọdachi a na-eme n'ụdị ọdịnala ndị Gris nke enweghị ike nke Zifa, onye na-eme ihe nkiri, na-eme ka nwunye ya Ebiere na nwanne ya nwoke Tonye banye na mmekọrịta ịhụnanya iwu na-akwadoghị nke na-akpata igbu onwe. Egwuregwu a sochiri *ihe* ọzọ, The Masquerade (1964), nke iwe Dibiri ruru n'ọnwụ nke onye na-achọ ya Tufa. Ọrụ ndị ọzọ gụnyere:

* *The Raft* (1964), in which four men drift helplessly down the Niger aboard a log raft.
* *Ozidi* (1966), a transcription of a performance of an epic drama of the Ijaw people.
* *The Boat* (1981), a prose drama that documents Ngbilebiri history.
* *The Wives' Revolt* (1991), the story of a Niger Delta community that received a payout from an oil firm drilling in its land; how the money is to be shared – between elders, men and women – eventually stokes the flame of revolution in the town.

Ọ bụ ezie na a katọrọ egwuregwu ya maka ịdabere na usoro oge ochie nke Greek (karịsịa ndị mbụ), n'ihi ịdị nro nke usoro ha na maka ngwaọrụ ogbo na-abụghị eziokwu (dị ka d iche echiche 

## ọrụ ọzọ
Enyemaka Clark nyere n'ụdị ndị ọzọ gụnyere nsụgharị ya nke *Ozidi Saga* (1977), akwụkwọ edemede nke Ijaw nke na-ewe ụbọchị asaa n'ógbè ya, ọmụmụ ya dị oke egwu The Example of Shakespeare (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1970), ebe ọ na-akọwa echiche ya mara mma banyere uri na *ihe* nkiri na edemede ya na *Daily Express*, Daily Times, na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị ọzọ. Ọ bụkwa onye dere America, Their America (Deutsch, 1964; Heinemann African Writers Series No. 50, 1969), akwụkwọ njem nke ọ na-akatọ ndị *America* na ụkpụrụ ya. Ọ bụ ezie na iwe nke akwụkwọ a kpatara mere ka ọ banye n'ihe odide mba ụwa, mmebi ya na Casualties mere na aha ya yiri ka ọ na-adịgide adịgide; n'ọrụ abụọ ahụ, ọ kpasuru iwe ma chụpụ ọtụtụ ndị na-ege ntị na ụfọdụ *ndị* nkatọ nwere mmetụta. N'ịgbachitere ya, Clark kwusiri ike na ọ na-egosipụta naanị ihe ndị mere ka ọ na-ahụ ha.

## nsọpụrụ na nnabata
Dị ka otu n'ime ndị edemede a ma ama na ndị a ma ama n'Africa, ọ nọgidere na-arụ ọrụ dị ukwuu n'ihe gbasara akwụkwọ, ọrụ nke ọ na-enwetawanye nkwado mba ụwa. N'afọ 1991, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ natara onyinye Nigerian National Order of Merit Award maka *akwụkwọ* edemede magburu onwe ya ma hụ mbipụta, site na Mahadum Howard, nke mpịakọta abụọ ya, The Ozidi Saga na Collected Plays and Poems 1958-1988 .

Na 6 Disemba 2011, iji kwanyere ndụ na ọrụ nke Prọfesọ John Pepper Clark-Bekederemo ùgwù, e mere emume na Lagos Motor Boat Club, Awolowo Road, Ikoyi, maka mbipụta nke J. P. Clark: A Voyage, Akụkọ ndụ nke isi ike na-eme ihe nkiri nke uri Afrịka, nke onye edemede egwuregwu Femi Osofisan dere. "Ihe a pụrụ ịkọwa dị ka onye nọ n'etiti ndị edemede" bịara mbido ahụ, gụnyere onye nrite Nobel Wole Soyinka.
N'afọ 2015, Society of Young Nigerian Writers n'okpuru nduzi nke Wole Adedoyin guzobere JP Clark Literary Society, nke ebumnuche ya bụ ịkwalite na ịgụ ọrụ Clark.

## Ọnwụ
A mara ọkwa ọnwụ Clark na 13 Ọktoba 2020.

## Ihe odide


## Njikọ mpụga

* "Onye edemede Naijiria J.P. Clark nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 85", *Focuson Africa*, BBC, 14 Ọktoba 2020. Tanure Ojaide, Prọfesọ nke Africana Studies na Mahadum nke North Carolina na Charlotte, na Audrey Brown na-ekwurịta okwu banyere mmeghachi omume ya na ọnwụ J. P. Clark.

Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations