open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ọrụ Scott

**Scott Mission** bụ ọgbakọ ọrụ ebere na-abụghị nke Ndị Kraịst na Ontario, Canada, na-enye ndị ogbenye, ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi na ndị na-enweghị ike ọrụ.  Ozi a gbadoro ụkwụ na ogbe ndịda Toronto na ebumnuche inye nkwado bara uru, mmetụta mmetụta na mmụọ maka puku kwuru puku mmadụ kwa afọ.

Morris Zeidman, onye ozi Presbyterian e chiri echichi nke amụrụ na Częstochowa, Poland, wee bụrụ Onye Kraịst site na okpukpe ndị Juu,  hiwere The Scott Mission ya na nwunye ya Anne na 1941.  Ọ bụ nkwenkwe ha na ọ dị mkpa ka a gwọọ agụụ nke mkpụrụ obi yana agụụ nke anụ ahụ. 

## Ọrụ
thumb| Ọnọdụ New Scott Mission na 2023
Scott Mission nwere ebe abụọ na Toronto. N'ebe nwa oge na 346 Spadina Avenue,  Mission na-enye nri ọkụ, nri ehihie akpa efu, ebe obibi abalị maka ndị nwoke 45-50 kwa abalị, ebe ịsa ahụ na ebe ịsa ákwà, ụlọ akụ nri na uwe, otu ọmụmụ Bible, na mmemme mkpakọrịta. . Ozi ahụ mepere O'Connor Family Center na Mee 2013, na 1550 O'Connor Drive, nke e mere iji jeere ezinaụlọ ozi na nsọtụ ọwụwa anyanwụ Toronto. Ha na-enye ebe a na-elekọta ụmụaka nke Ndị Kraịst, ụlọ akụ nri na uwe, mmemme ntorobịa, yana akụrụngwa dị iche iche maka ezinụlọ.

Ozi ahụ nwekwara ụlọ ezumike na Collingwood, Ontario, nke a na-eji dị ka ebe mgbapụ n'ebe obodo ahụ dị. Lodge dị na 113 acres (46 ha) na Blue Mountain na-ele Georgian Bay, ma bụrụ onyinye e nyere Mission maka nsọpụrụ nke onye nchoputa Rev. Morris Zeidman.

Otu a nwere 100-acre (40 ha) ogige dị na Caledon, Ontario, ihe dị ka nkeji iri anọ na ise gara n'ebe ugwu Toronto. N'oge ọkọchị, ihe dị ka ụmụaka na ndị ntorobịa 600 sitere na mpaghara obere ego na-aga ogige Scott Mission.

## Ịnye ego
Ozi ahụ na-emefu ihe dị ka $8,000,000 kwa afọ, gụnyere ọrụ isi obodo. Nke a na-ekpuchi ụgwọ maka ndị ọrụ oge niile na ndị ọrụ 160 gbakwunyere ụgwọ niile metụtara inye ọrụ maka iri puku kwuru iri puku ndị nọ ná mkpa kwa afọ. 

A na-enweta ego site na isi mmalite atọ: onyinye sitere na ndị mmadụ onwe ha, azụmahịa na ntọala; ịkwụ ụgwọ ego; na ego itinye ego. Ihe na-erughị pasentị iri nke ego ndị Mission na-enweta sitere na gọọmentị. 

## Hụkwa

* Enweghị ebe obibi na Canada

## Edensibia
nke a na-eji dị ka ebe mgbapụ n'ebe obodo ahụ dị. Lodge dị na 113 acres (46 ha) na Blue Mountain

## Njikọ mpụga

* Official website
Ụlọ Ọrụ Toronto

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ Toronto na 2009
N'afọ 1834, United Kingdom gafere iwu ọhụrụ Ogbenye nke kere usoro ụlọ ọrụ Victorian (ma ọ bụ "Ụlọ Ọrụ") nke Charles Dickens kọwara na *Oliver Twist* . Sir Francis Bond Head, onye isi ọchịchị ọhụrụ nke Upper Canada na 1836, bụbu onye nchịkwa Iwu Ogbenye tupu ọ họpụta ya. N'ịtụ egwu na onye isi chọrọ iwebata ụlọ ọrụ ndị a na Toronto, obere ìgwè ndị mgbanwe na ndị ozi na-ekwenye ekwenye bụ ndị onye nkwusa James Lesslie na Dr. William W. Baldwin na-edu, tọrọ ntọala **Ụlọ Ọrụ Toronto** na ụkpụrụ ọzọ, nke mmadụ. Ụlọ ọrụ Toronto malitere site na ndị na-eme mgbanwe n'ụlọ ikpe 'ejighi ya' na Richmond Street na Jenụwarị 1837 ebe ha zutere na mbụ dị ka "Canadian Alliance Society" nke Lesslie bụbu onye isi oche. Ụlọ mgbaba na ụlọ ọrụ Toronto dị ka e hiwere ya n'ụdị nke Owenite Socialist "Home Colonies". Mgbalị na-aga n'ihu n'etiti ndị isi ọchịchị, " Compact Family ", na ndị na-eme mgbanwe iji nweta njikwa nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gbochiri atụmatụ a ka emejuputa ya nke ọma. 

Na 1848, e wuru ụlọ maka Ụlọ Ahịa n'akụkụ Elm Street na Elizabeth Street, n'etiti mpaghara Toronto nke a maara dị ka Ward, bụ nke nwere nnukwu mkpọmkpọ ebe nke ebili mmiri nke ndị si mba ọzọ bi na ya.

Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na-enye ebe obibi na-adịgide adịgide na nke nwa oge nakwa nri na mmanụ ụgbọala nye ndị nọ n'ime obodo, bụ ndị a na-achọkarị ịrụ ọrụ iji nweta enyemaka. Ọ nyekwara aka na ụmụaka ndị a gbahapụrụ agbahapụ ma ọ bụ ụmụ mgbei, na-etinyekarị ha dị ka ndị ohu a gbahapụrụ agbahapụ n'ụlọ na ugbo dị na Toronto na gburugburu.  

Ka ọ na-erule 1947, ndị ahịa nke ụlọ ọrụ Ontario bụ ndị agadi dara ogbenye na ụlọ ọrụ Toronto House of Industry gbanwere ka ọ bụrụ ebe obibi maka ndị agadi ma kpọọ Laughlen Lodge aha Arthur na Frances Laughlen. Mgbe arụrụ ụlọ ndị agadi ọhụrụ n'afọ 1975–83, yana njikọ ya na Rotary Club nke Toronto, echekwara akụkụ ugwu nke ụlọ ọrụ ochie dịka akụkụ nke Rotary-Laughlen Center. 

## Edensibia
 isi chọrọ iwebata ụlọ ọrụ ndị a na Toronto, obere ìgwè ndị mgbanwe na ndị ozi na-ekwenye ekwenye bụ ndị onye nkwusa James Lesslie
Strathcona Hotel (Toronto)

Nkè **Strathcona Hotel** na ogbe ndịda Toronto, Ontario, Canada mepere na 1933. A na-eji ya dị ka ebe obibi na-enweghị ebe obibi kemgbe 2020.

## Ụlọ nkwari akụ
Ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ Strathcona bụ ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ nwere ọnụ ụlọ 14 nwere ọnụ ụlọ 194 nke Silver Hotel Group nwere.   Ọ dị n'ofe okporo ámá site na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ Fairmont Royal York . 

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ahụ mepere na 1933.  Na 1935, onye nwe ya nọgidere na-akwali John Kidd, onye na-enyocha ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ obodo, ka o kwe ka ịgba egwú n'ime ụlọ iri nri.  Kidd jụrụ nke a, mana gbara ndị ụlọ ọrụ nlekọta ya ume ka ha chee echiche ịhapụ ịgba egwu na họtel. 

Ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ahụ pụtara obere oge na ihe nkiri igbu onwe onye 2016. 

N'April 2020, Obodo Toronto gbaziri ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ahụ maka ọnwa isii iji nye ebe obibi nwa oge maka ndị na-enwe enweghị ebe obibi.  N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2020, agbaziri ịgbazinye ụlọ ahụ ọnwa isii ọzọ.  Obodo ahụ kwụrụ ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ $592,243 kwa ọnwa, na-anọchi anya $100 kwa ọnụ ụlọ kwa abalị, ngụkọta $7.5 nde kwa afọ, gbakwunyere na-eri nke inye ndị bi na nri.  N'ọnwa Disemba 2022, onye bụbu onye bi na họtel ahụ ka a tụrụ mma na mpụga ya. 

## Edensibia
ọṅụṅụ ahụ maka ọnwa isii iji nye ebe obibi nwa oge maka ndị na-enwe enweghị ebe obibi

## Njikọ mpụga

* Strathcona Hotel - weebụsaịtị webụsaịtị
* Silver Hotel Group - weebụsaịtị webụsaịtị
* Foto ụlọ nkwari akụ - flickr
Kworatem, California

Kworatem (nakwa, Cor-a-tem na Quoratem) bụ ebe obibi Karok na Humboldt County, California.[1]  Ọ dị na nkwekọ nke osimiri Klamath na Salmon, na elu 515 ụkwụ (157 m)

Gibbs jiri ezighi ezi jiri aha Quoratem mee ihe maka ndị Karok India, ma Powell nabatara ya n'ụdị adjentival Quoratean dị ka aha ezinụlọ asụsụ nke ndị Karok mebere.

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Ọrụ Ịṅụ Ọhụrụ

**Ozi Old Brewery** bụ ihe enyemaka maka ndị nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị enweghị ebe obibi na Quebec, Canada . 

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
The Old Brewery tọrọ ntọala na 1889 site na ụmụ nwanyị abụọ, Mina Douglas na Eva Findlay, bụ ndị malitere inye ndị Montreal nọ ná mkpa nri dị ọkụ.

Na mmalite narị afọ nke 20, Old Brewery Mission ji nwayọọ nwayọọ malite site na kichin ofe gaa na ebe obibi zuru oke nke enweghị ebe obibi .

N'afọ 1998, e mepere ebe obibi ụmụ nwanyị, *Patricia Mackenzie Pavilion* .

Taa, Old Brewery Mission na-enye ndị ahịa ya na-enweghị ebe obibi ọrụ dịgasị iche iche, gụnyere nri, ebe obibi, mmemme mweghachi, na ọrụ ahụike uche . 

## Edensibia
nwayọọ malite site na kichin ofe gaa na ebe obibi zuru oke nke enweghị ebe obibi .

## Njikọ mpụga

* Old Brewery Mission
* Le Devoir
* Akụkọ CBC
* 125 na de la Mission Old Brewery
* Akụkọ Télé-Québec na mmemme PRISM
* La Presse
* Le Huffington Post Québec
* Prix d'Excellence maka mmemme Le Pont
* BTMTL Live Anya: Old Brewery Mission
Opegoi, California

Opegoi (nakwa, Op-pe-o, Oppe-yoh, Oppegach, Oppegoeh, Redcaps, Up-pa-goine, Up-pa-goines, na Up-pah-goines) bụ ebe obibi Karok na Humboldt County, California.  [1]  Ọ dị n'akụkụ Osimiri Klamath chere ihu n'ọnụ Red Cap Creek, na elu nke 341 ụkwụ (104 m).[1]

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Panamenik, California

. Panamenik (nakwa, Koomen na Pa-nom-nik ) bụ ebe obibi Karok na Humboldt County, California .  Elu nke Panamenik bụ 413 ụkwụ (126 m).

## Ntụaka
Ịda ogbenye
Pasara, California

Pasara (nakwa, Pas-see-roo ) bụ ebe obibi Karok na Humboldt County, California .  [1] Ọ dị n'ịhụhụ Klamath ;  A maghị kpọmkwem ebe ọ nọ.

## Ntuaka

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Chọọchị Anglịkan nke Onye Sameria Dị Mma

**Ụka Anglican nke ezi Sameria** bụ ụka Anglican na St. John's, Newfoundland na Labrador, Canada. Tọrọ ntọala na 2008, ọ bụ onye otu Anglican Network na Canada, nke kewapụrụ na Ụka Anglican nke Canada . Kemgbe 2022, Ezi onye Sameria abụrụla ebe obibi nke kọleji Packer, seminarị diocesan ANiC.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
E hiwere Churchka nke ezigbo onye Sameria n'afọ 2008 dịka akụkụ nke mgbanwe Anglican .  Ọ na-efe ofufe n'ebe dị iche iche 27 n'ime afọ 12 mbụ ya, ma na 2020, chọọchị ahụ nwetara onyinye CAD 2.5 nde na-amaghị aha nke nyere ya ohere ịzụta ụlọ ụka Anglican mbụ nke St. Michael na All Angels na 10 St. Clare Road na St. nke Jọn.  Ụlọ ụka ahụ, nke e wuru na 1959, emechaala nsọ ma jiri ya mee ihe dị ka ebe mgbatị ahụ.  (Otu n'ime St. Michael's mbụ rectors bụ ANiC Bishop Donald Harvey, onye mechara jee ozi dị ka onye inyeaka nsọpụrụ na bishọp ebe obibi na Ezi Sameria.  )

## Ụlọ akwụkwọ Packer
Malite na 2022, ezigbo ụlọ Sameria ghọrọ ụlọ akwụkwọ maka kọleji Packer. Aha ya n'aha JI Packer, kọleji bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ nkà mmụta okpukpe gọọmentị nke ANiC.  Ọ na-enye ikike afọ atọ na nkà mmụta okpukpe mgbe nzere ya na-echere. N'inye ebe obibi, mmụta n'ime onwe onye, College Packer na-egosipụta ọdịnala Anglo-Katọlik, ozi ọma na nka dị n'ime ANiC.  Ezigbo onye isi oche Sameria, Ven. Darrell Critch, bụ onye ụkọchukwu Packer College, na Prọfesọ College Packer David Smith bụ onye inyeaka nsọpụrụ na ezigbo onye Sameria.  Edobere ụlọ ụka ahụ nsọ na kọleji nke Bishọp Charlie Masters hibere n'usoro mmemme nke Cross Holy na Septemba 2022. 

## Ministri
Dị ka onye ọbịa nke Packer College, Ezi onye Sameria na-ekpe ekpere ụtụtụ kwa ụbọchị na ọrụ ọbụna abụ, yana oriri ụbọchị oriri Eucharist, n'oge oge ụlọ akwụkwọ. 

N'ime oke enweghị ebe obibi na St. John's, ezigbo onye Sameria na 2023 tụrụ aro ka obodo ahụ gbanwee mpaghara ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala iji kwe ka ojiji ụlọ ọrụ, gụnyere ohere nke ịtụgharị akụkụ nke ụlọ ya na ala ya ka ọ bụrụ ebe nchekwa mberede nke akwa 40.  Na Septemba 27, 2023, ụka na gọọmentị mpaghara mara ọkwa na site na mmekorita nke NL Housing na Churchka Anglican nke Ezi Sameria, The Safe Haven Shelter ga-abụ ebe nchekwa mberede na ebe ikpo ọkụ ọhụrụ.  Ebe nchekwa nchekwa nchekwa bụ ebe nchekwa mberede nke nwere akwa 40 yana ebe nchekwa mmadụ 30 ọzọ na-ekpo ọkụ n'ime ọnwa oyi. 

## Edensibia
akwa 40.  Na Septemba 27, 2023, ụka na gọọmentị mpaghara mara ọkwa na site na mmekorita nke NL Housing na Churchka Anglican

## Njikọ mpụga

* Weebụsaịtị Ụka nke Ezi ndị Sameria
N'ụlọ Doris

thumb| Chez Doris
thumb| Foto e sere n'ihu Chez Doris, 1430 Chomedy Street, 2021
**Chez Doris**, nke dị na *Shaughnessy* Village dị n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke mpaghara Ville Marie nke Montreal, bụ òtù ọrụ ebere nke na-enye ebe obibi kwa ụbọchị maka ụmụ nwanyị nọ ná mkpa.  Ebe nchekwa ahụ na-enye nri, ebe obibi, uwe, ọrụ ịdị ọcha, ihe omume ntụrụndụ na enyemaka bara uru nye ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'ihe isi ike.  Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụ ọtụtụ asụsụ ; asụsụ ndị a na-asụ bụ Bekee, French, na Inuktitut .  

*Chez Doris* na-enye ọrụ ntinye, nri, nchịkwa ego na enyemaka ntinye akwụkwọ ụtụ isi, uwe, na ọrụ ịdị ọcha, gụnyere ịnweta ụlọ ịsa ahụ, ịsa ahụ, na ịkpụ ntutu. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ mmemme enyemaka Inuit na mmemme ụlọ ndị Aborigine . 

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
E hiwere echiche maka Chez Doris n'oge mkparịta ụka dị n'etiti Sheila Baxter na Doris Halfkenny Seale, onye Baxter na-agba ajụjụ ọnụ dịka akụkụ nke mbọ ịgba ajụjụ ọnụ nke ụmụ nwanyị akwụna iji mụta ọnọdụ ha na ihe ha chọrọ.  Seale, onye na-enweghịkwa ebe obibi, zara ya site n'ikwu na ọ ga-adị mma inwe "'ebe ị ga-aga na-enweghị anya na-enweghị atụ na ọtụtụ ajụjụ'". 

Nke a mechara mee ka Baxter mepụta ebe obibi ụmụ nwanyị maka ụmụ nwanyị dara ogbenye na mpaghara Montreal, ebe ọ bụ na ụmụ nwoke na 1970s nwere ebe nchekwa nke ha, mana ụmụ nwanyị enweghị.  A hụrụ ka egburu Seale na St. Urbain Street na Montreal Chinatown na Nọvemba 2, 1974, tupu mmeghe Chez Doris. Ogbugbu ahụ ka edozibeghị. 

Kemgbe emepere ya na 1977,  Chez Doris agbasiwo mbọ ike idobe ya kwa ụbọchị, ọkachasị mgbe ọ nwesịrị nnukwu ụgwọ ndozigharị na mmezi ya na 2016.  Otú ọ dị, na-esote onyinye $ 1 nde na 2018 sitere na onye ọchụnta ego Montreal lara ezumike nká Andrew Harper, Chez Doris abụghị nanị na ọ nwere ike ịkwado ego mgbe niile, kamakwa gbasaa ọrụ ya.  Chez Doris dị na 1430 Chomedey Street  ma na-enye ihe karịrị ụmụ nwanyị 80 ọrụ kwa ụbọchị.  Mgbe onyinye ahụ gasịrị, Chez Doris zụtara ụlọ nke abụọ n'ofe okporo ámá ma kwupụta na ọ ga-enye ohere maka ebe nchekwa ahụ iji mepee ebe obibi abalị maka ụmụ nwanyị. 

Na 2018, Chez Doris mara ọkwa na ọ ga-eme nyocha banyere mkpa na-eto eto nke ebe obibi.  N'ihi ya, n'afọ 2020, ebe nchekwa ahụ gbasaara akụrụngwa ya, gụnyere ebe nchekwa ihe mberede nwere akwa 22 nke gọọmentị etiti kwadoro. Ihe mgbakwunye ọzọ bụ ebe obibi nwere ụlọ studio 26 maka ụmụ nwanyị bi n'okporo ámá ma ọ bụ ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke enweghị ebe obibi. 

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Official website
Ndepụta nke mpaghara Canada site na enweghị ọrụ

**Ndepụta ógbè Canada site na ọnụ ọgụgụ enweghị ọrụ** bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ na-ezo aka kpọmkwem na ọnụ ọgụgụ enweghị ọrụ nke mba a na-agbanwe n'oge . N'okpuru bụ ntụnyere nke ọnụego enweghị ọrụ na-agbanwe kwa oge site na mpaghara/mpaghara, ahaziri aha ma ọ bụ ọnụego enweghị ọrụ. Data nke Statistics Canada 's *Labor Force Survey* nyere.  *Ọ bụghị data emezigharịrị n'oge* na-egosipụta ọnụ ọgụgụ enweghị ọrụ dị ugbu a, ebe data *emeziri n'oge* na-ewepụ akụkụ nke oge na ozi ahụ.

## Enweghị ọrụ site na mpaghara ma ọ bụ mpaghara

 Nkọwa nke ọrụ oge a zuru oke sitere na 3% ruo 6% ọnụego enweghị ọrụ.

## Ọdịiche data sitere na ọnụego US
Canada na-eji ihe dị iche iche tụọ enweghị ọrụ karịa ngụkọ United States . Otu onye nyocha nke American Bureau of Labor Statistics kwuru na ọ bụrụ na emezigharị ọnụ ọgụgụ enweghị ọrụ Canada ka ọ bụrụ echiche US, ọ ga-eji pasent 1 belata. 

## Oke enweghị ọrụ
Ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị ala nke enweghị ọrụ mba bịara na 1947 na ọnụ ọgụgụ enweghị ọrụ 2.2%, n'ihi obere ọdọ mmiri nke ndị ọrụ dịnụ kpatara ndị merụrụ ahụ site na Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ .

Edebere ọkwa kachasị elu nke enweghị ọrụ na Canada na Disemba 1982, mgbe nkwụghachi ụgwọ mbụ nke 1980 mere ka 13.1% nke ndị okenye enweghị ọrụ n'ihi ihe akụ na ụba sitere na United States .  Isi ihe kpatara nbilite n'ọkwa n'afọ 1980 bụ amụma ego nkwekọrịta nke Federal Reserve System hibere iji chịkwaa ọnụ ahịa dị elu. 

N'oge nnukwu ịda mbà n'obi, enweghị ọrụ n'obodo ukwu na Canada niile bụ 19%; Ọnụego Toronto bụ 17%, dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke 1931 si dị. A naghị ele ndị ọrụ ugbo nọ n'ugbo ha dị ka ndị na-enweghị ọrụ. 

## Edensibia
mpaghara/mpaghara, ahaziri aha ma ọ bụ ọnụego enweghị ọrụ. Data nke Statistics Canada 's Labor Force Survey nyere.  Ọ bụghị data emezigharịrị n'oge na-egosipụta ọnụ ọgụgụ enweghị ọrụ dị ugbu
Canada Employment Insurance Board Financing Board

Nke **Canada Employment Insurance Financing Board** (CEIFB) bụ ụlọ ọrụ okpueze nke gọọmentị Canada, nke emere na 2008, malitere ọrụ ya na 2010 wee gbazee na 2013. Dị ka ụlọ ọrụ nne na nna Crown, n'okpuru akụkụ X nke Iwu nchịkwa ego, CEIFB kọrọ na nzuko omeiwu site n'aka Minister nke Human Resources and Skills Development . 

## Iwu
Mmemme mkpuchi ọrụ Canada na-akwado ndị ọrụ Canada n'oge enweghị ọrụ. A na-akwado mmemme a site na ntinye aka nke ndị ọrụ na ndị ọrụ Canada. Ọrụ CEIFB bụ ịtọọ ụgwọ EI n'ụzọ doro anya yana ijide ma jikwaa ego nfefe EI ọ bụla gbagoro site na Jenụwarị 1, 2009 gaa n'ihu.  Na omume, iwu CEIFB anabataghị ya ka o jiri ikike ọ bụla, ọ ghọkwara stampụ rọba maka gọọmentị n'ịtọba ọnụ ahịa ego EI.  E mebiri nzukọ a na 2013, mgbe ọ nọrọ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde $ 5 karịa afọ 3.

## Ebumnuche ụlọọrụ
1. Zụlite ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọrụ kwesịrị ekwesị na atumatu:

CEIFB ga-ewusi ọchịchị ụlọ ọrụ ya ike site n'ịmecha na mejuputa Usoro ụkpụrụ omume na omume ya na ịmepụta usoro esemokwu nke mmasị zuru ezu.

2. Mepụta akụrụngwa mmadụ dị mkpa:

CEIFB ga-ahọpụta onye isi ọrụ, were ndị ọrụ ndị ọzọ wee mepụta usoro njikwa HR.

CEIFB ga-edobe ọnụ ahịa ego EI maka 2011, guzobe nyocha onwe ya nke usoro Chief Actuary, wulite usoro njikwa ihe egwu, wee malite itinye atumatu, usoro na usoro itinye ego iji mee ka ntinye ego nwee ike (ozugbo ha dị. natara).

CEIFB ga-ahụ na e mezuru ihe niile a chọrọ n'ịkọ akụkọ iwu, wee mepụta atụmatụ ụlọọrụ nke enwere ike tụọ na ịkọpụta arụmọrụ n'ọdịnihu. 

## Nkatọ
Mgbochi nke emebere CEIFB gbochiri ya ịrụ ọrụ ọ bụla bara uru. Mowat Center kwuru na: "N'afọ 2008, gọọmentị etiti kere CEIFB, otu ụlọ ọrụ kwụụrụ onwe ya, nke nwere onwe ya nyere iwu ka ọ dozie ego. Otú ọ dị, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ enweghị ikike iji hụ na ego na-akwụsi ike n'elu usoro azụmahịa. Ọzọkwa, mbọ mbụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ iji setịpụ ọnụ ahịa ego na 2011 bụ nke gọọmenti etiti kwadoro (Department of Finance Canada, 2010).  Onye ọzọ na-ekwu okwu kwuru na: "Nyere na gọọmentị jigidere ikike kachasị na nhazi nke ọnụego, ma mee ya kemgbe 2008, ọ dịghị mgbe ọ bụla mkpa CEIFB dị." 

Na Jenụwarị 18, 2012, CBC wepụtara akụkọ na-esonụ n'oge mgbasa ozi akụkọ flagship ya  : "Ụlọ ọrụ ego EI na-emefu nde mmadụ na-eme ihe ọ bụla". 

## Edensibia
ijide ma jikwaa ego nfefe EI ọ bụla gbagoro site na Jenụwarị 1, 2009 gaa n'ihu.  Na omume, iwu CEIFB anabataghị ya ka o jiri ikike ọ bụla, ọ ghọkwara stampụ rọba maka gọọmentị n'ịtọba ọnụ ahịa ego EI.  E mebiri
Sawuara, California

Sawuara (nakwa, Sa-Ron-ra, Sa-vour-ras, Sa-vow-ra, Sa-wa-rahs, na Shah-woo-rum ) bụ ebe obibi Karok mbụ na Del Norte County, California, nke dị na  mpaghara ahụ.  n' elele nke elele Klamath anya n'okpuru Orleans (mgbe ahụ Orleans Bar).  Amaghị ebe ọ nọ kpọmkwem.

## Ntụaka

*  
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Shanamkarak, California

Shanamkarak (nakwa, Asha-nahm-ka, Eh-qua-nek, He-co-necks, Ikwanek, na Ke-ko-nek ) bụ obodo Karok mbụ na Humboldt County, California.  [1] Ọ dị na okporo Klamath, 1 mile (1.6 km) ruo 2 miles (3.2 km) n'okpuru confluence na Salmon River;  A maghị kpọmkwem ebe ọ nọ 
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Shegoashkwu, California

Shegoashkwu bụ ebe obibi Karok na Del Norte County, California, n'okpuru Orleans (mgbe ahụ Orleans Bar), na nọrọ Klamath.  Amaghị ebe ọ nọ kpọmkwem

## Ntụaka

*

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Tsofkara, California

Tsofkara (nakwa, Soof-curra, T'sof-ka-ra, Tuck-a-soof-curra, na Witsogo ) bụ ihe Karok na mbụ na Humboldt County, California .  [1] Ọ dị n'elu Chinits n'ibe vidiyo ndị nke nke Klamath ihe omume nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọkara n'etiti Orleans Bar na-arụ Salmon .  Na 1852 ọ nwere ụlọ ọrụ.

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
14

14 ahụ bụ ihe nkiri ihe nkiri Britain nke 1973 nke David Hemmings duziri yana Jack Wild na June Brown gbara ya.  E wepụtakwara ya dị ka fim adị na, na United States, dị ka The Wild Little Bunch .  Atụmatụ ya, dabere na eziokwu, , àmà iri na anọ na-ama London bụ ndị na-ahụ mgbei mgbe nne nanị ha na-azụ ụmụ nwụsịrị. 

## Atụmatụ
Ihe nkiri a na-achọ anya na ekiri nke 14 bụ ndị a iji chebe onwe ha mgbe nne ha ( June Brown ) nwụrụ.  Reg ( Jack Wild ), ọkpara nke na-eru afɔ 18, bụ onye na-elekọta kpọ ruo mgbe ụfọdụ batara ma ziga ha niile n'amachibido .  ụzọ.  Reg na-ama mgbe niile ịlụ ogụ iji mee ka mpaghara ya n'otu n'agbanyeghị ihe ọ elala.

* Jack Wild dị ka Reg
* June Brown dị ka Nne
* Liz Edmiston dị ka Sylvia
* Diana Beevers dị ka Miss Field
* Cheryl Hall dị ka Reena
* Anna Wing dị ka Oriakụ Booth
* John Bailey ka Maazị Sanders
* Alun Armstrong dị ka Tommy
* Keith Buckley dị ka Mr. Whitehead
* Tony Calvin dị ka Fada Morris
* Chris Kelly dị ka Roy (dị ka Christian Kelly)
* Frank Gentry dị ka Terry
* Peter Newby dị ka Billy
* Paul Daly dị ka Freddy
* Richard Haywood dị ka John (dị ka Richard Heyward)
* Malcolm Tierney dịka Maazị Michael

## Mmepụta

### Ebe ịse foto
A gbara ihe nkiri a na ebe echegharị London na Berkshire yana na Pinewood Studios, London, England

## Hapụ
Emere ihe nkiri a na 23rd Berlin International Film Festival ebe o akara ọcha

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Ya onwe ya (ihe nkiri)

N'onwe ya bụ ihe nkiri nkiri 2020 nke Phyllida Lloyd duziri, site na ihe nkiri Malcolm Campbell na Clare Dunne .  Ihe nkiri a bụ Dunne, Harriet Walter na Conleth Hill .

N'onwe ya nwere ihe ngosi ụwa ya na Sundance Film Festival na 24 Jenụwarị 2020 wepụta ya na United States na iwuta nwere oke na 30 Disemba 2020, na-esote akara na Amazon Prime Video na 8 Jenụwarị 2021 site na Amazon Studios .

## Ebe obibi
Sandra nne nanị ya na-azụ ụmụ anọwo na-agbalịsi ike ka ya na ụmụ ya nwanyị abụọ na-eto eto na-emekọrịta ihe mgbe ọ hapụsịrị di ya na-akparị ya. N'ịbụ onye nọ n'ụlọ nkwari akụ nke steeti na-akwụ ụgwọ, Sandra kpebiri iwu ụlọ nke ya site n'enyemaka nke obodo enyi na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị enyi ọhụrụ. Site na ebumnuche ọhụrụ a, Sandra na-achọpụta onwe ya: nke ahụ bụ ruo mgbe di ya mbụ na-akparị ya gbara ya akwụkwọ maka ijide ụmụaka.

## Nkedo
 

## Mmepụta
Na March 2019, a mara ọkwa na Phyllida Lloyd ga-eduzi ihe nkiri ahụ, site na ihe nkiri Malcolm Campbell na Clare Dunne, na Dunne ga-abụkwa ndị na-ekiri na fim ahụ.  [1] N'April 2019, Conleth Hill na Harriet Walter sonyeere ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ahụ. 

## Hapụ
Ọ nwere ihe ngosi ụwa ya na Sundance Film Festival na 24 January 2020. [1] N'oge na-adịghị anya ka nke ahụ, Amazon Studios ikike ikike nkesa US maka ihe nkiri ahụ.  [2] A tọhapụrụ ya na United States na nchekwa nwere oke na 30 Disemba 2020, na-esote ngwaọrụ na Amazon Prime Video na 8 Jenụwarị 2021

## nnabata
Na ultrasonic aggregator Rotten Tomato, ihe nkiri ahụ na-ejide ọkwa nkwado nke 93% dabere na nchacha 136, na nkezi ọkwa nke 7.2/10 .  Nkwe ndị nkatọ webụsaìtì ahụ na-agụ, sị: "N'ịbụ onye Phyllida Lloyd ji ike duzie ya wee mee ka ọ dị ndụ site n'aka onye otu onye na-ede akwụkwọ Clare Dunne, n'onwe ya ji ike na amara.  na-amasị njem otu njem."  [1] Metacritic na-akọ akara nke 71 n'ime 100, dabere na echiche nkatọ iri na ndụ, na-egosi "ntụle ndị dị mma n'ozuzu".

## Ihe ndetu
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## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
* Herself at Rotten Tomatoes 
* Herself at AllMovie 

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Cazenga

**Cazenga** bụ obodo na obodo kachasị mmadụ n'ime ime obodo itoolu mejupụtara ógbè Luanda, Angola . O nwere onu ogugu ndi mmadu nke 892,401 (ọnụọgụ 2014), yana atụmatụ 1,045,722 na 2019,  na-ekpuchi mpaghara 37 km2 .  

## Nkewa nchịkwa
Obodo Cazenga nwere obodo atọ:

* Cazenga
* Tala Hady
* Hoji Ya Henda

## Ụgbọ njem
Cazenga bụ ebe a na-eme nkuzi maka okporo ụzọ ụgbọ oloko Luanda .

## Ngwa ọrụ
N’akwụkwọ akụkọ 1974  onye America bụ́ ọkà mmụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị bụ́ Gerald J. Bender dere, sị: “A pụrụ ịchọta ihe ndekọ ọzọ banyere irere ndị Africa mmiri n’akwụkwọ akụkọ Luandan, *Província de Angola* . Akụkọ ahụ kwuru na a na-ere mmiri n'obere mkpọda nke Cazenga na nkezi ọnụ ahịa escudos 2.5 (ihe dị ka cents America iri) maka galọn ise. (Ụgwọ opekempe nke iwu kwadoro kwa ụbọchị maka mpaghara Luanda na Julaị 1974 bụ escudos 25 - ihe dị ka otu dollar America kwa ụbọchị.) 

## Hụkwa

* Ụgbọ okporo ígwè dị na Angola

## Edensibia
mmadu nke 892,401 (ọnụọgụ 2014), yana atụmatụbọnụ ahịa escudos 2.5 (ihe dị ka cents America iri) maka galọn ise. (Ụgwọ opekempe
Iwu Enweghị Ọrụ na Enyemaka Ugbo

***Iwu enweghị ọrụ na enyemaka ugbo*** ( French  "Gọvanọ nọ na kansụl ga-enwe ikike zuru oke ịme iwu na ụkpụrụ niile dị ka enwere ike iche na ọ dị mkpa ma ọ bụ na-achọsi ike maka iwepụ nsogbu, inye ọrụ na, n'ime ikike nke nzuko omeiwu, ịnọgide na-enwe udo, usoro na ezi ọchịchị na Canada nile." nyekwara ndị ọchịchị aka ịlụso ọgba aghara dabeere n'ozizi mgbanwe mgbanwe nke "na-emerụ ahụ", dị ka nke Òtù Kọmunist nke Canada kwadoro .  

Iwu ahụ nwere njedebe nke March 1, 1932. 

## Edensibia
na July 1931 site n'aka ndị omeiwu nke Canada, na-eme ka ọrụ ọha na eze guzobe na ogige

### Akwụkwọ akụkọ

*
Argumentum ad lazarum

***Argumentum ad lazarum*** ma ọ bụ **ịrịọ maka ịda ogbenye** bụ ụgha na-ezighi ezi nke iche na nkwubi okwu ziri ezi naanị n'ihi na ọkà okwu dara ogbenye, ma ọ bụ na ọ ezighi ezi n'ihi na ọkà okwu bara ọgaranya. Akpọrọ ya aha Lazarọs, onye arịrịọ n’ilu Agba ọhụrụ nke na-anata ụgwọ ọrụ ya na ndụ mgbe a nwụsịrị.

A na-achịkọta nke a nke ọma dị ka nkwupụta, "Ogbenye, mana eziokwu."

Ihe dị iche bụ *arụmụka ad crumenam* .

Ụfọdụ ihe akaebe nnwale na-akwado mkpesa ịda ogbenye. Nnyocha nke 2017 nke Igor Grossmann na Justin Brienza na Mahadum Waterloo dị na Canada chọpụtara na mgbe a kọwara "amamihe" dị ka ikike ịtụgharị uche n'echiche ndị na-emegide ma chọta nkwekọrịta nke na-eme ka esemokwu dị n'etiti ndị mmadụ kwụsị, ndị ogbenye na ndị na-arụ ọrụ na-enwekarị ike. igosi ikike dị otú ahụ ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị nọ na klas mmekọrịta ọha na eze dị elu.   Otú ọ dị, dị ka ọ dị n'ihe ọ bụla na-ezighị ezi, ọchịchọ ahụ abụghị nke zuru oke.

## Ihe atụ

* "Ugbo ezinụlọ na-agbasi mbọ ike inweta ya mgbe ha kwuru na anyị kwesịrị ichebe ha, ha ga-enwerịrị ihe."
* "Ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi na-agwa anyị na ọ na-esiri ike ịchọta ụlọ. Otú a ọ ga-abụrịrị."
* "Ndị mọnk aṅụwo iyi ihe onwunwe nile. Ha ga-enwetawo nghọta."
* "Ihe niile ị ga-achọ ịma banyere agha obodo na mba ahụ bụ na ndị nnupụisi ahụ bi n'ụlọ apịtị, ebe ọchịagha na-ezigara ndị agha megide ha na-anọdụ n'ụlọ ọrụ dị oké ọnụ ahịa nke nwere ntụ oyi."

## Edensibia
esemokwu dị n'etiti ndị mmadụ kwụsị, ndị ogbenye na ndị na-arụ ọrụ na-enwekarị ike. igosi ikike dị otú ahụ ma e jiri ya tụnyere
Enweghị ike itinye aka

**Ọdịmma gbadoro anya** bụ okwu gbasara mmekọrịta ọha na eze maka agbataobi nwere pasentị dị elu nke ndị bi na ọnọdụ akụ na ụba dị ala. A na-akọwapụta ya dị ka pasentị nke ezinụlọ dị na traktị ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nwere nnukwu ọnweghị ọghọm gbadoro ụkwụ. 

## Mkpakọrịta na mmetụta
Achọpụtala mwepu gbadoro anya na ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na ọnụego igbu ọchụ ma na-ebelata ohere nke imecha ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị .   Achọtakwala ezigbo mkpakọrịta n'etiti mwepu agbadoro anya na ọnụ ọgụgụ ime ihe ike n'ozuzu ya; A na-agbazi mmekọrịta a site na mkpokọta nrụpụta ọrụ .  Enwekwara ihe akaebe na-egosi na ndị ọrụ ụlọ ikpe na-eto eto na-ahụta agbataobi ndị nwere nsogbu dị ka ihe dị ize ndụ karị, yabụ na ọ naghị adị mfe ịhapụ ndị ntorobịa n'ógbè ndị dị otú ahụ n'ime obodo ha.  A na-akwalite mmepe ụmụaka nke ọma na agbataobi nwere ihe ọghọm na akụ na ụba ruru nha anya . 

## Mgbakọ
Dịka otu usoro siri dị, a na-agbakọ mwepu agbadoro dabere na metrik ise. Metiriks ndị a bụ:

# Pasent nke ndị nọ n'okpuru ịda ogbenye
# Pasent nke ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na enyemaka ọha
# Pasent ndị nne na nna,
# Pasent enweghị ọrụ, na
# Pasent na-erughị afọ 18.  Akụkụ ọzọ nke mwepu gbadoro ụkwụ na-adabere na "nnata ọdịmma, ịda ogbenye, enweghị ọrụ, ezinụlọ ndị nwanyị na-achị, agbụrụ agbụrụ (pasent ojii), na njupụta nke ụmụaka." 

## Edensibia
Aporophobia

**Aporophobia** (site na Spanish *aporofobia*, na nke a sitere na Greek oge ochie ἄπορος ( *áporos* ), 'na-enweghị ihe onwunwe, ndị ogbenye, ogbenye,' na φόβος ( *phobos* ), ' ịkpọasị 'ma ọ bụ' ịkpọasị ')   bụ àgwà ọjọọ. na mmetụta megide ịda ogbenye na ndị ogbenye. Ọ bụ ihe arụ na ịkpọasị n’ebe ndị ogbenye nọ, ndị na-enweghị ihe onwunwe ma ọ bụ ndị na-enweghị enyemaka. 

A na-ejikwa okwu ahụ bụ ịda ogbenye, n'ihe gbasara iwu mba ụwa, iji gosi ụdị ịkpa ókè a na-eme ndị mmadụ na ịda ogbenye. 

E chepụtara echiche nke aporophobia na 1990s   site n'aka onye ọkà ihe ọmụma Adela Cortina, prọfesọ nke Ethics and Political Philosophy na University of Valencia,  iji mata ọdịiche dị n'àgwà a site na ndị ọbịa, nke na-ezo aka na ịjụ oyi. ndị mba ọzọ, na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, nke bụ ịkpa ókè agbụrụ . Ihe dị iche n'etiti aporophobia na xenophobia ma ọ bụ ịkpa ókè agbụrụ bụ na ọha mmadụ enweghị ịkpa ókè ma ọ bụ mpụ nke ndị si mba ọzọ ma ọ bụ ndị agbụrụ ndị ọzọ mgbe ndị a nwere akụ, akụ akụ na ụba na / ma ọ bụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze na mgbasa ozi.   

 

N'ịgbaso mkpebi nke nzuko omeiwu French nke 24 June 2016, agbakwunyere ya na ndepụta nke ịkpa ókè nke iwu iwu machibidoro dị ka "ịkpa oke maka ọdịmma ọha mmadụ". &#x5D; ** &#x5B;, ihe na-erughị mmadụ 20 ewepụtala akwụkwọ ikpe n'ihi ịkpa ókè dị otú ahụ.

## Hụkwa
 

## Edensibia

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ
 

* Cortina, Adela (2017). *Aporofobia, el rechazo al pobre* . Barcelona: Paidos. (in Spanish) .
Ka oge na-aga (ihe nkiri)

[2]Ka ọ dị ugbu a bụ ihe nkiri ihe nkiri ihe nkiri ihe nkiri ihe nkiri ihe nkiri na-atọ ọchị-ihe nkiri nke Britain na 1983 nke Mike Leigh na-eduzi wee jide Central Television maka Channel 4 .  Ọ bụ Tim Roth, Phil Daniels na Gary Oldman .  E gosiri ya na 1983 na London Film Festival na Channel 4 na 1984 Berlin International Film Festival .  Dị ka onye nkatọ Michael Coveney si kwuo, " ?kà nke ihe ọrụ, nke na-agwụ ike na nke na-eweda ala, echiche efu nke efu, adịghị egosi n'ahụ, ma ọ bụ uri, na ihe nkiri ọ elebe.  ọzọ nke oge ahụ."

## Atụmatụ
Ihe nkiri a nke n'ime oge, na-ihe ihe omume obere arụ ọrụ Pollock na- ọrụ, bụ ndị bi n'otu ụlọ dị n'ime ụlọ elu dị na London's East End .  Ha na-agbasi mbọ ike ikpughe n'elu mmiri n'oge nlaazu n'okpuru Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher .  naanị nagging, tinye-n'elu nne Mavis na-arụ ọrụ;  Nna obi ilu, nke na-enye mmechuihu, Frank na ụmụ nwoke nke di na-egosi ahụ bụ Colin, nwa nwanyị na-eme ihe nke ukwuu, na Mark, nwanne ya nwoke nke na-ekwu okwu n'ezoghị ọnụ, onye  isi ike, nọ n'ọgba ndụ .  Ịdị iche ndụ ndụ isi, akara isi dị na nwanne Mavis Barbara na di ya John, ndị mmadụ elu ego ha na ọha mmadụ na ime obodo Chigwell na-eje ozi dị ka ihu dị mma maka alụm di na na-eke na- 5 isi isi.  .  Ụmụ okoro ahụ na-anọkọ n'iche, n'okporo ụzọ ámá, n' ikike ndị, n'ikiri ndị na-achọta ọrụ, na n'irin dị n ike ahụ.  Mark na-achọ mgbe niile ka ndị enyi ya nwere ego na ị drinkụ ịṅụ, n'etiti ha Coxy, isi awọ na-achọ isi.  Colin nwere ikike na otu nwa ekiri nwere obi ụtọ aha ya bụ Hayley, mana ọ dịghị ike iwepụta onwe ya ime ya.  Mark na-akwa nna ya emo, na-akwa Colin ọnụ site n'ịkpọ ya "Kermit" na "Muppet," ma na-ekwu okwu mkparime ihiere Barbara na di ya nwere nsogbu.  Barbara na-enye Colin ọrụ na-enyere ya aka ụgbọ ụlọ ya, ma mgbe Mark , Colin akwụkwọ, jụ ọrụ ọ ALA, ma arịa ndidi.  Mgbe ọ lọtara n’iche, akpụchaala ya isi.  Enweghị isi ọ bla na fim ahụ, nanị ụbọchị ole na ole nke na-eweta nsogbu, ihe ọchịchị, iwu ụka, na isi

## Nkedo
 

## Mmepụta
Ebe ịse ihe nkiri na London mpaghara Chigwell, Woodford Green na Trafalgar Square .  [1] A na-ese foto foto Pollock na Bryant Court na Whiston Road, London E2, ebe a na-esere ụlọ Barbara na John na 10 Gwynne Park Avenue, Woodford Bridge, London IG8 8AB.  [1] A na-esere ihe nkiri ụlọ ọrụ ọrụ na Enfield Road [2] na ụzọ ọwa mmiri na Dunston Road, London E2

Ihe omume mere na oghere mmeghari na ụlọ ọrụ na Homerton, mgbe Roth na Oldman na-atụba karama mmiri ara ehi gburugburu.  Na mmiri, Roth tụpụrụ ya ma daa eriri ọkụ fluorescent.  Leigh "isi isi akpụ Gary gbawara n'ime otu puku, na fim ị nwere ike ịhụ akara stitch."  Ɔ gbara Oldman gaa ụlọ ọgwụ.  "Ka m na- mada ya n'ebe ahụ, ihe niile mere na akpụkpọ anụ ya, ndị na-ekwu, Gary gwara m, sị, 'N'ihi na fuck, gwa 'em na m bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri!  '  Ọ pụrụ ịpụnarị ụzọ n'ihe ahụ ahụ, amakwaghị m ruo taa ihe m gaara eme ma ọ bụrụ na nke ahụ emee.”

## Ntụaka

### Akwụkwọ akụkọ

* 

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
* ''Meantime'' at BFI Screenonline
* ''Meantime: Margins and Centers'' an essay by Sean O’Sullivan at the Criterion Collection
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Ihe ndekọ nde pound

Ndekọ nde Pound nde bụ 1954 ihe nkiri ọchị Britain nke Ronald Neame duziri na Gregory Peck, Ronald Squire, Wilfrid Hyde-White na Jane Griffiths .  Ọ dabere na 1893 Mark Twain faịlụ dị ike " Ndekọ Ndekọ nde Pound Bank ", ma ọ bụrụ ihe na-egosi na ebe nkiri 1983 Trading Places .  [1] Agbagburu ya na Pinewood Studios na ebe dị na gburugburu London .  Ọ bụ ndị nduzi nka John Box na Jack Maxsted haziri ihe nkiri a.  Ndị na-ekesa ihe nkiri General nke Rank Medical ya.  Ndị United Artists na-ahụ maka amụmata America n'okpuru aha ọzọ Nwoke nwere nde mmadụ

## Atụmatụ
N'afọ 1903, onye ọkwọ ụgbọ mmiri America bụ Henry Adams nkata atọ na Britain n'ihe ego ọ llaa wee banye n'ịkwụ echiche iche n'etiti nwoke abụọ ise, Oliver na Roderick Montpelier.  Ha na-eme ka Bank of England na-enye otu nde paụnd banknote, nke ha na-enye Adams na envelopu, na-agwa ya na ọ nwere ụfọdụ ego.  Oliver na-ekwusi ike nanị na-ekiri adị nke ndetu ahụ ga-eme ka onye nwe ya nweta ihe ọ blála ọ-eji, ebe Roderick na-ekwusi ike na a ga-emefu ya ka ọ bụrụ uru ọ gbalagara.

Na mbụ, ihe niile na-aga dịka Oliver buru n'amụma.  Adams hiere ụzọ dị ka onye nde mmadụ na-ama atụ na mpaghara ọgụ nri, uwe, na ụlọ oriri na kredit, naanị site n'igosi ihe ndetu ya.  A na-akọ akụkọ nke ndetu ahụ n'akwụkwọ ndị.  A nabatara Adams na mpaghara ọha na eze ụgha iche, na-ezute onye akụkụ anya America na ndị omeiwu Bekee.  Ọ na-enwe ezigbo enyi na Portia Lansdowne, nwa nwanne nke Duchess nke Cromarty.  Mgbe ahụ Lloyd Hastings onye America ibe ya gwara ya ka ọ kwadoo azụmahịa.  Hastings gwara Adams na onye ọchịchị ego n'onwe ya;  ebubo ga-ekwe ka Hastings nwere ego ọ nwere iji jaala edo ya site n'ire mbak.

Nsogbu na-ebilite mgbe Duke nke Frognal, onye a ịchụpụrụ n'ụzọ na- ike isi na suite Adams nọ ugbu a, zoro ndetu ahụ dị ka egwuregwu.  Mgbe Adams ahụ ike iwepụta ndetu ahụ, ajụjụ dara n'etiti ndị na-eketa oke na ndị nna nna Adams.  A na-emezi ihe niile n'ikpeazụ, Adams see ike iweghachite akwụkwọ Montpelier akwụkwọ ahụ na njedebe nke ọnwa.

## Nkedo
 

## Mmepụta
Eme akwụkwọ akwụkwọ a maka TV Britain na 1950 site n'aka Rex Rienits .  Onye na-ahụ Daniel Angel hụrụ ihe nkiri nkiri na ahụ.

## nnabata
Na narị afọ nke 21, Hal Erickson kọwara ya dị ka "na-eju afọ", na ọchị na-eme ka ndị na-ege ntị chịa ọchị. 

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
* The Million Pound Note at the TCM Movie Database
* The Million Pound Note at AllMovie
* The Million Pound Note at Rotten Tomatoes 
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Osisi Oak Ochie

Ochie Oak bụ ihe nkiri nkiri 2023 nke Ken Loach duziri nke Paul Laverty dere.  Ọ bụ ihe n'etiti United Kingdom, France na Belgium.

Mgbe Mario ụwa ya na 2023 Cannes Film Festival, ebe ọ na-awụmpi maka Palme d'Or, e mmetụta ihe nkiri ahụ na United Kingdom na 29 September 2023, site na StudioCanal .  Ihe nkiri ihe nkiri a maka ihe nkiri Britain gosiri na 77th British Academy Film Awards .

## Ebe obibi
Onye nwe ụlọ Pub TJ Ballantyne, bi n'ime obodo na-emepe ụzọ na County Durham, na-agbasi mbọ ike ejide ụlọ ọrụ ya ma debe ya dị ka ebe nsogbu na eze njọ ebe ndị mmadụ nwere ike izute na obodo ahụ.  Ka ọ dị ugbu a, nọ na-ebili mgbe a na-etinye ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ Siria n'ebe ahụ, mana Ballantyne na-eme enyi na otu n'ime ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ, Yara

## Nkedo

## Mmepụta
Edebere ihe nkiri ahụ ma gbaa ya na egwuregwu egwuregwu England.  Loach, onye gbara afọ 87 tupu ewepụtara ya, gwara The Hollywood Reporter na ọ “ga-abụ” ihe nkiri ikpeazụ ya.  [1] Ndị ọrụ ikike ihe na ihe nkiri ahụ ihe nkiri UK nkiri's iri na isii Films, StudioCanal UK na BBC Film, France's Why Not Productions, na Belgium's Les Films du Fleuve .  Ọ bụ Paul Laverty dere edemede ahụ.  Rebecca O'Brien nke ihe nkiri ahụ.  [2] George Fenton gbara ihe nkiri a.

### Ịse ihe nkiri
 Ihe nkiri nkiri na Mee 2022, [1] wee mee ihe izu isii.  Ebe ejiri na County Durham akpọ Murton, Horden, Easington na Durham Katidral .  [2] [3] ndị nkịtị dị na Murton nke isi Old Oak n'oge a na-ese foto bụ ụlọ ego eji eme ihe nke a na-akpọbu The Victoria

## Hapụ
Emere ihe nkiri a na nche isi na 2023 Cannes Film Festival na 26 Mee 2023. [1] [2] Akpọkwara ya na 28th Busan International Film Festival na ngalaba 'Icon' wee lelee ya na 5 October 2023.

## nnabata

### Nzaghachi dị egwu
Na Rotten Tomato, ihe nkiri ahụ na-ejide njide nke 77% dabere na isi 52, yana ɔkwan nke 6.7 / 10. Nkwekọrịta ndị nkatọ na saịtị ahụ na-agụ, sị: "N'ịbụ onye ọrụ dị egwu nke mmadụ nke.  kọwapụtara ihe nkiri Ken Loach, Old Oak na-eje ozi dị ka ihe dabara adaba - n'agbanyeghị na ọ nwere ike ike - njedebe na ọrụ dị ihe ama."  [1] Na Metacritic, ihe nkiri ahụ nwere akara 62 n'ime 100, dabere na ndị nkatọ 12, na-egosi achọpụta "dị mma n'ozuzu

### Ekele

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Ime ka ịda ogbenye bụrụ mpụ

**Mpụ nke ịda ogbenye** bụ ihe omume nke ndị ogbenye na-eche ihu dị elu maka otu omume dị ka onye bara ọgaranya, n'ihi enweghị ego ha.  Ọmụmatụ gụnyere nra na ụgwọ nke onye ahụ enweghị ike ịkwụ,  iwu na omume mgbochi enweghị ebe obibi,  na njikọ dị n'etiti iwu ọdịmma na mpụ. 

## Edensibia
enweghị ego ha.  Ọmụmatụ gụnyere nra na ụgwọ nke onye ahụ enweghị ike ịkwụ,

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* 
*
Ịda ogbenye nke ụlọ ọrụ

**Ịda ogbenye ụlọ ọrụ** bụ omume nke ịjụ inwe ihe onwunwe, n'otu n'otu ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ. Omume a nke obodo okpukpe na-emepe emepe tolitere dabere na echiche Ndị Kraịst banyere ịda ogbenye na akụ na ụba . Ntụle bara uru n'ozuzu na-enye ohere maka ewepu ụfọdụ. 

## Hụkwa

* Simple living – Simplified, minimalistic lifestyle
* Absolute poverty of Christ – Franciscan doctrine of the 13th century
* *Privilegium Paupertatis*, 1216 papal bull by Innocent III approving corporate poverty for the Poor Clares

## Edensibia
enweghị ego ha.  Ọmụmatụ gụnyere nra na ụgwọ nke onye ahụ enweghị ike ịkwụ,
Enweghị nchebe n'ụlọ

**Enweghị nchekwa ụlọ** bụ ọnọdụ nke enweghị ụlọ kwụsiri ike na nke dị ọnụ ala, na-enweghị enweghị ebe obibi kpamkpam.  Ejikọtara enweghị nchekwa ụlọ na nsonaazụ ahụike ka njọ yana enwere ike ibelata site n'ịbawanye ọkọnọ ụlọ, dịka ọmụmaatụ ịtọpụ ụkpụrụ mpaghara mpaghara . 

## Edensibia
Ntaramahụhụ maka ịda ogbenye

**Ntaramahụhụ ịda ogbenye** na-akọwa ihe omume ndị ogbenye na-achọkarị ịkwụ ụgwọ iri, ịzụrụ, na ibiri karịa ndị ọgaranya. Okwu a bịara mara nke ọma site n'akwụkwọ 2005 nke CK Prahalad, *The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid* . 

Nnyocha e mere na mbụ nke a bụ ọmụmụ ihe gbasara mmekọrịta ọha na eze na 1960 nke e bipụtara dị ka *The Poor Pay More* nke nyochara ụzọ ndị ahịa na-ere ahịa na enweghị nhọrọ ndị ahịa na-ekwe ka ndị na-ere ahịa obere ụlọ dị ka ndị na-ere ahịa n'ọnụ ụzọ ruo n'ọnụ ụzọ, " kredit dị mfe " ụlọ ahịa na ire ere. nke nkwekọrịta kredit nkeji nkeji iji wepụta uru sitere n'aka ndị na-azụ ahịa na-akpata obere ego, yana nhọrọ dị ole na ole yana àgwà ndị ahịa na-adịchaghị mma. 

A hụla mmetụta nke nhụta ntaramahụhụ ịda ogbenye n'ofe ngwaahịa na ọrụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ike  na mkpuchi. 

## Hụkwa

* Ọnụ nke ịda ogbenye
* Oke ịda ogbenye
* Mbelata ịda ogbenye
* Ọganihu na ịda ogbenye

alt=Wikibooks|14x14px|Akwụkwọ Wiki 

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

*
Ihe Omume Ịkwado Ụgwọ

**Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative** ( **MDRI** ) kwadoro  na June, 2005, site na ndị minista ego nke G8 n'oge 31st G8 Summit, nke e mere na Gleneagles, Scotland . MDRI dị iche na HIPC, mana ọ metụtara ọrụ. Mba ndị nọ na njedebe njedebe na-enweta nnwere onwe zuru oke nke ụgwọ ha na IMF, International Development Association (IDA) na African Development Bank (AfDB). A kwadoro MDRI maka ịgba mba ndị ji ụgwọ ume ka ha gaa n'ihu na mgbanwe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ha. Maka ebumnuche nha anya nke mba ndị na-akpata obere ego (LIC) agụta ụgwọ ndị ewepụrụ agbahapụ mgbe IDA na AfDB kwadoro ọgwụgwọ enyemaka ọhụrụ. Ndị otu G8 kwadoro onwe ha iji kwụọ ụgwọ IDA na AfDB refluxes na ọgwụgwọ ndị ọzọ. A ga-ekekọrịta ụgwọ ndị a n'etiti IDA na AfDB mba ndị ga-erite uru dịka mbọ ha na-eme (oke ọrụ dabere).

## Kedu ka MDRI si arụ ọrụ
IMF, IDA na AfDB n'ụzọ zuru ezu wepụrụ ụgwọ nke mba ndị na-enweta (mgbe ha na-agbaso ọnọdụ ụfọdụ akọwapụtara na ibe HIPC ) njedebe njedebe - nzọụkwụ ebe mba tozuru oke ịnata ngụkọta na enweghị mgbagha nke ụgwọ ya - na etiti HIPC.

Ọdịiche  na HIPC nwere MDRI anaghị ekpuchi ndị niile ji ụgwọ, naanị IMF, IDA na AfDB. E wezụga nke ahụ, n'okpuru MDRI, IMF nyekwara mba ndị na-abụghị HIPC ụgwọ ụgwọ, ndị ego onye ọ bụla na-enweta na-erughị $ 380 ma jiri IMF kwụọ ụgwọ ruo njedebe nke 2004. Ya mere, a na-ekwe nkwa ọgwụgwọ otu na njikwa akụrụngwa IMF.

## Ọnụ
Mkpokọta mbelata ụgwọ nke IMF nyere site na MDRI ghaara ụgha ihe dị ka ijeri US$3.4, n'ọnụ ọnụ. E wezụga IMF nyere Liberia ụgwọ mgbapụta nke US$172 nde ka June, 30th 2010. "Mba 26 HIPC bụ ndị rutere n'ebe mmecha dị ka nke June 2009 ga-enweta $29 ijeri (na njedebe-2008 net ugbu uru okwu) na ụgwọ mgbapụta n'okpuru MDRI."  Dị ka Febụwarị 2, 2015, ọ nweghị ụgwọ na-echere ka tozuru oke maka MDRI, ya mere a na-ekpochapụ ụgwọ ya ma nyefee ihe fọdụrụ na Ọdachi Enyemaka na Content Trust Fund.

## Mba ndị na-esonye na MDRI
Mba iri atọ na asaa  eritela uru na MDRI: Afghanistan, Benin, Bolivia, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Comores, Ivory Coast, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Niger, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, São Tomé na Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leona, Tanzania, Tajikistan, Togo, Uganda na Zambia.

## Hụkwa

* Mbelata ụgwọ
* Ụgwọ jọgburu onwe ya
* Ụgwọ ọha
* Mba ndị dara ogbenye ji ụgwọ (HIPC)
* Ebumnuche mmepe nke puku afọ

## Edensibia
Ebe Nnyocha Ịda Ogbenye

Nkè **Chronic Poverty Research Centre** (CPRC) bụ njikọ mba ofesi Britain nke mahadum, ụlọ ọrụ nyocha, na NGO guzobere na 2000 site na ntinye ego mbụ sitere na ngalaba UK maka mmepe mba ụwa . Ejiri ego izizi sitere na Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Mmepe Mba Nile nke UK (DFID). 

Mmekọrịta ahụ wepụtara mmemme nke gbara afọ 10 wee kwụsị na 2011. 

CPRC bu n'obi ilekwasị anya na ịda ogbenye na-adịghị ala ala, kpalie arụmụka mba na nke mba ụwa, ghọtakwuo ihe kpatara ịda ogbenye na-adịghị ala ala, na inye nyocha, nyocha, na nduzi amụma nke ga-enye aka na mbelata ya. Ihe dị iche iche nke ịda ogbenye na-adịghị ala ala bụ ogologo oge ya. CPRC na-eji ịda ogbenye na-adịghị ala ala kọwaa oke ịda ogbenye na-adịte aka ogologo oge - ọtụtụ afọ, ndụ dum, ma ọ bụ ọbụna n'ọgbọ. Ndị dara ogbenye na-adịghị ala ala bụ ndị riteworo uru kacha nta site na uto akụ na ụba na mmepe. A na-anapụkarị ndị ogbenye na-adịghị ala ala n'ọtụtụ akụkụ. Nchikota nke enweghị ikike, obere ihe onwunwe na oke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-eme ka ha daa ogbenye ogologo oge. Ịkwado ịda ogbenye na-adịghị ala ala bụ ihe dị mkpa na ebumnuche mmepe nke Millennium na mkpochapụ ịda ogbenye .

Gordon Brown na Hilary Benn weputara akụkọ gbasara ịda ogbenye nke mbụ na Mee 2004. Emechara akụkọ nke abụọ na 2009. 

## Netwọk ndụmọdụ ịda ogbenye na-adịghị ala ala
Ọrụ nke mmemme CPRC dugara n'ichepụta Chronic Poverty Advisory Network (CPAN).  CPAN bụ netwọk nke ndị nchọpụta, ndị na-eme amụma na ndị na-eme ihe n'ofe mba 17 na-eleba anya n'ịlụso ịda ogbenye na-adịghị ala ala; A na-akwado ya na Institute of Development Studies (IDS) na Brighton,  mgbe afọ 11 gachara ya na Overseas Development Institute . 

CPAN wepụtara akụkọ gbasara ịda ogbenye ọrịa na-efe efe na 2023. 

Na 2023, onye isi CPAN bụ Andrew Shepherd. 

## Edensibia


## Njikọ mpụga
 

* Official website
* Official site, archived
* CPAN website
Akwụkwọ akụkọ Nlekọta Ahụike Maka Ndị Ogbenye na Ndị Na-enweghị Ụgwọ

***Nkè Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved*** bụ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ tọrọ ntọala na 1990 site n'aka David Satcher, mgbe ahụ Onye isi oche Meharry Medical College bụ onye mechara bụrụ 16th Surgeon General nke United States . *JHCPU* bụ nke Johns Hopkins University Press maka Meharry na-ebipụta ma jikọtara ya na Association of Clinicians for the Underserved .

Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ kpuchiri ahụike na ahụike nke ndị mmadụ na-enwetaghị ahụike na North na Central America, Caribbean, na Sub-Saharan Africa, yana ụmụ amaala na-achụpụkwa n'ime ụwa niile. Usoro isiokwu a na-ekpuchi ebe niile dị ka ọrịa na-efe efe nke ahaghị nhata, ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, ihe na-ekpebi ahụike mmadụ, ịdị mma, ụgwọ, iwu, iwu, na mgbochi ọrịa. Edemede na-ebute ụzọ n'ụdị nyocha nke ndị ọkà mmụta, yana nyocha amụma na nyocha akwụkwọ.

Onye nchịkọta akụkọ ugbu a bụ Virginia Brennan nke Meharry Medical College . A na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ kwa nkeji nkeji iri na ise na February, Mee, Ọgọst na Nọvemba, na-enwe mbipụta mgbakwunye mgbe ụfọdụ. Edepụtara ya dị ka otu n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ *amụma ahụike* mba nke Kaiser Family Foundation depụtara yana dịka akwụkwọ akụkọ dị mkpa dị na *Ahụike Ọha* nke Medical Library Association's Core Public Health Journals Project.

## Hụkwa

* nha nha ahụike
* Enweghị oke ahụike
* Ọdịiche ahụike
* nnyefe nlekọta ahụike
* Usoro nlekọta ahụike
* Meharry Medical College
* Ụlọ akwụkwọ kọleji na mahadum dị n'akụkọ ihe mere eme

## Njikọ mpụga

* ''JHCPU'' na webụsaịtị JHU Press
* ''JHCPU'' na Project MUSE
* Ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụike Assn. Core Public Health Journal Project
Ndepụta nke enweghị ego na Townsend

**Ndekọ obodo Townsend** bụ ihe atụ nke enweghị ihe onwunwe n'ime ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ. Ọka mmụta mmekọrịta ọha mmadụ bụ Peter Townsend kọwara ya na 1988. 

Ntụnye ahụ gụnyere mgbanwe anọ:

* Enweghị ọrụ (dị ka pasent nke ndị dị afọ 16 na karịa ndị na-arụ ọrụ akụ na ụba);
* Nweghị ụgbọ ala (dị ka pasent nke ezinụlọ niile);
* Nweghị ụlọ (dị ka pasentị nke ezinụlọ niile); na
* Njuju nke ezinụlọ.

Enwere ike tụọ mgbanwe ndị a maka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mpaghara enyere wee jikọta (site na usoro ngụkọ metụtara mgbanwe ndekọ na ụkpụrụ) iji nye "Akara Townsend" maka mpaghara ahụ.  Akara ndenye aha Townsend ka ukwuu na-egosi oke ụkọ. Enwere ike ịdekwa mpaghara dịka akara Townsend ha siri dị ka ụzọ isi gosipụta enweghị ndị ikwu.

Enwere ike ịgbakọ akara Townsend maka mpaghara ọ bụla ozi dị maka mgbanwe ndeksi anọ. Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-eji data ngụkọ na-agbakọ ma gbakọọ akara n'ogo nke mpaghara mmepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ.  Enwere ike jikọta akara maka mpaghara ndị a ma ọ bụ depụta ya na mpaghara mpaghara ndị ọzọ, dị ka koodu nzi ozi, iji mee ka akara ndị ahụ dabara na omume. Ndekọ obodo Townsend abụrụla ihe akwadoro enweghị ego n'etiti ndị ọrụ ahụike UK. 

Ndị na-eme nchọpụta na Mahadum Bristol ama ama "Townsend Center for International Poverty Research" na-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na "ụkpụrụ ịda ogbenye bara uru". 

## Hụkwa

* Ndekọ Scotland nke ọtụtụ ụkọ ego (SIMD)
* Oxford IMD-2000/2004 (ODPM)

## Edensibia
Ọnụ ụzọ ịda ogbenye

Maka ebumnuche ndekọ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịgụta ndị ogbenye ọnụ ọgụgụ), Ụlọ Ọrụ Mgbakọ United States na-eji usoro ọkwa ego kwa afọ, **oke ịda ogbenye**, dịtụ iche na ntuziaka ịda ogbenye gọọmenti etiti . Dị ka ọ dị na ntuziaka ịda ogbenye, ha na-anọchite anya atụmatụ gọọmentị etiti nke isi ihe dị n'okpuru ebe ezinụlọ nwere oke ego a na-enweta tupu ụtụ isi ezughị ezu iji gboo obere nri na mkpa ndị ọzọ dị mkpa.

Ewubere ụzọ ịda ogbenye na 1963–64, dabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'atụmatụ nke ntakịrị ọnụ ahịa mkpa nri, iji tụọ mgbanwe na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ogbenye. Ọnụ ụzọ na-etolite ntọala maka ịgbakọ ụkpụrụ ịda ogbenye na, dịka ha, na-edozi kwa afọ maka ọnụ ahịa n'ozuzu ya. A na-eji otu ọnụ ụzọ eme ihe na United States niile na ọ naghị adị iche dabere na ọnọdụ mpaghara.

Enwere ọnụ ụzọ ịda ogbenye 48 nwere ike inye ezinụlọ, nke dịgasị iche dabere n'ogo ezinụlọ na afọ ndị òtù ya.

Ọ bụrụ na ngụkọta ego ezinụlọ na-enweta tupu ụtụ isi dị n'okpuru oke ịda ogbenye, ezinụlọ ahụ nọ na ịda ogbenye, ndị niile nọ n'ezinụlọ ahụ nwere otu ọnọdụ ịda ogbenye. Otu ihe ahụ dịkwa maka otu onye. Ndị otu gọọmenti etiti na-eji ọnụ ala ịda ogbenye, gụnyere United States Census Bureau, mana mmemme enyemaka gọọmentị ekwesịghị iji ọnụ ụzọ dị ka ọkọlọtọ iji chọpụta ntozu.

## Ọkwa dị ugbu a

## Hụkwa

* Oke ịda ogbenye
* Ịda ogbenye na United States, ọnụ ụzọ dịtụ iche nke Ngalaba Ahụike na Ọrụ Ndị Ọrụ US setịpụrụ wee chọpụta ntozu maka enyemaka gọọmentị.
* Ndekọ ọnụ ahịa ndị ahịa United States

## Njikọ mpụga

* Oke ịda ogbenye - Ụlọ Ọrụ Ọgụgụ US (1959-dị ugbu a)

## Edensibia

*