Iwu Torphichen

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Torphichen Preceptory bụ ụlọ ụka dị na obodo Torphichen, West Lothian, Scotland.  Ọgụ foduru nke preceptory (isi ụlọ ọrụ) nke Knights Hospitaller of Order of St John nke Jerusalem na Scotland.  Aha ebe ahụ nwere ike ịbụ Gaelic sitere na ya, dịka, "Tóir Féichín" (oke / ebe nss nke St Féichín ) ma ọ bụ Brythonic, dịka ọmụmaatụ, Welsh ọgbara ọhụrụ "tref fechan" (obere obodo).  Aha "Tóir Féichín" na okwu Gaelic ya na nkume egwuregwu/Ebe nsso otu maịl gburugburu obodo nwere ike ịbụ eziokwu obodo na aha Preceptory ụfọdụ nke Welsh nke oge a nke na-eme ihe nkiri ihe mere eme nke na-agbagha ezi.  ihe banyere.  Neolithic ebe nsacha nkume.

## The Precepty
Ewubere Preceptory n'afọ 1140 gburugburu ụka dị adị, na-esite na Ndị aka mbụ mbụ.  N'ime njem afụ nke 13, a imara ndị na-azụ ahihia, ma wuo ụlọ ndị ka guzoro na mbụ.  Ogige ahụ nwe ụlọ ụlọ ụka cruciform, nke nwe ụlọ ụlọ ụlọ ọgwụ.  A gbatịkwara ụlọ ụka ahụ ụzo na awụ nke 15, ma mechaa nke ọma, nke naanị ntọala ka ike.  N'ụzọ a na-ahụ ahụkebe, nke a dị n'ụdị ugwu nke ụka (ihe a na-ahụ ebe ọzọ na Scotland naanị na Melrose Abbey ).

Mgbe Ndozigharị ahụ mma, a ụlọ ụlọ Preceptory maka dị ka parish kirk, nke ụlọ ndị ọzọ na-adaba na ndakpọ.  Ka o sina dị, ịgafe ụlọ ụka dị ndụ (n'okpuru ụlọ elu etiti) na-ejigide ụfọdụ n'ime ihe nchekwa echekwabara na ejedebe ememme nke 12 na ngosi ngosi afọ 13 na Scotland, yana nhazi ụlọ a nụchara anụcha.  N'afọ 1756, a kwaturu ụlọ ndị nave na ụlọ, ma wuo Kirk ọhụrụ T-plan.  Ejiri igbe igbe nke akpa nke 19 na veranda mee kirk ahụ.  A na-eji ihe njọ nke Preceptory mee ihe dị ka ụlọ ikpe ruo ọtụtụ afọ.  E wu ụlọ ụlọ elu etiti ahụ na 1947 ma ugbu a na-elekọta Scotland Historic (na-akpa n'oge nwata;-enye mbata).

Nkume ebe nss' dị na kirkyard bụ akara etiti 'mpaghara nke ebe nss' nke gbatịrị otu maịl Scots gburugburu.  'Nkume ebe nss' nke dị n'ebe mmalite mmalite na n'ebe ike ike ka na-eso n'akpa mbụ ha.  A na-atụ aro na nkume ndị sitere na mbụ oge ochie ochie Preceptory, ikike na-azụ ya na henge Neolithic dị mkpa na olili ozu na Cairnpapple Hill, n'ebe ọmụmụ

Nnukwu ụlọ kirkyard nwere ọmarịcha okwute nke narị afọ nke 17-18, nwere 'ihe nka' na-adọrọ mmasị, gụnyere akara nke ọnwụ, ngwa ọrụ na-anọchite anya ọrụ wdg.

## Onye nlekọta ụlọ ọgwụ Knights
Onye nkọwa ụlọ ọgwụ Knights, nke e hibere n'oge Agha Ntụte, ka David I set oku na Scotland na 1132. Mgbe mmechi nke Knights Templar na 1312, ebufere ala ha na Knights Hospitaller .  Torphichen bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi ụlọ ọgwụ na Britain, nke abụọ na Priory nke Clerkenwell na London, ma rite uru dị ukwuu na mbufe ala a

William Wallace mere nzuko omeiwu ikpeazụ ya ebe a, tupu Agha Falkirk na 1298. akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ndụ dị ndụ nke Wallace bịanyere aka na ya dị ka onye nkọwa Scotland, Custos Regni Scotiae, ebere ebe a.  [1] Mgbe agha ahụ ahụ, a tụrụ Edward Longshanks ( Edward I nke England ) na Preceptory maka nha nke ihe ahụ ike mgbe ya guzoro n'elu ya, ebe ọ na-ama mama na Polmont tupu agha ahụ.  Ndị na-elekọta ụlọ ọgwụ, ogụ n'asụsụ Bekee n'oge Agha nke akwụkwọ onwe Scottish, wee mgbe mmeri Scots mmeri na Bannockburn, na-alọghachi n'oge nkọwa Robert the Bruce

The preceptor, Sir William Knollys, jere ozi dị ka Lord High Treasurer nke Scotland maka James III na James IV, e kere Lord St. John nke Torphichen, na a na-emekarị na-eche na ọ nwụrụ na Agha nke Flodden na 1513.

Onye ikpe ikpeazụ, Sir James Sandilands, bụ nwa nwoke nke abụọ nke James Sandilands, Baron nke Calder .  Nna Sir James na nwanne nwoke nke okenye John akwadola ndị nwe azụ ma bụrụ ndị enyi John Knox .  Na February 1564 Sir James nyefere ala Preceptory n'aka Okpueze, ya bụ, onye ikwu ya, Mary, Queen of Scots, wee nyeghachi ya ala ndị ahụ maka iwepụta okpueze 10,000, nke nwere aha ụwa Lord Torphichen. 

A na-aga n'ihu na-eji ọkwa ọkwa nke Preceptor nke Torphichen n'ime usoro nke St John nke Jerusalem nke oge a.

## Ihe odide ala ala peeji

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* Information from the West Lothian Archaeology Group
* Information from Rootsweb
* Information from Gazetteer of Scotland
* Torphichen Community and Heritage Website
Òtù:Aha