Ụkpụrụ na ihe ngosi nke nlekọta ọhịa na-adịgide adịgide

.Criteria & Indicators of Sustainable Forest Management (C&I) bụ ngwa amụma nke nkwado nke njikwa ọhịa na obodo / mpaghara, ma ọ bụ ọganihu kwupụta Sustainable Forest Management (SFM), nwere ike nyochaa ma kọọrọ ya. C&I is a conjunctive term for a set of objectives and the variables/descriptions allowing to evaluate whether the objectives are achieved or not.

Enwere ọtụtụ ụdị C&I dị iche iche n'ụwa nke usoro SFM mpaghara na-eji (dịka FOREST EUROPE, Montréal Process), otu mba ụwa na ihe omume ha (dịka FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment) ma ọ bụ asambodo njikwa ọhịa na ngwaahịa ọhịa (dịka ọmụmaatụ.  Council forest Stewardship Council, Mmemme maka nkwado nke asambodo ọhịa).  Mba ndị bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwado nke usoro ma ọ bụ atụmatụ asambodo nwere ike ịmepụta usoro mba ha sitere na usoro/atụmatụ.￼

* help to define, understand and promote the concept of sustainable forest management;
* provide a common framework for signatory countries to:
** describe, monitor, assess and report on national forest trends (if measured periodically);
** describe, monitor, assess and report on progress towards sustainable forest management (if measured periodically);
* reflect a holistic approach to forests as ecosystems, highlighting the full range of forest values;
* facilitate policy dialogue and the development of policies or strategies ;
* help to implement forest related policies, plans and programmes;
* contribute to cross-sectoral sustainability assessments, as well as assessments for other sectors (e.g. environment, energy, climate change, agriculture, sustainable land management);
* guide forest management practice;
* help to identify the changes in forest management;
* help to develop forest certification principles, standards and indicators.

## Forest Europe: Pan-European criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management

### Criteria
Criteria characterise or define the essential elements or set of conditions or processes by which sustainable forest management may be assessed (MCPFE, 1998b). There are 6 criteria in the Pan-European set:

The indicators monitor changes over time for each criterion and describe the progress made towards their objectives (MCPFE, 1998a).  

* **Quantitative indicators** are expressed in measurement units and the necessary data are collected via regular forest inventories, other field surveys, remote sensing, etc. Periodically measured indicators show the direction of change regarding the criterion. The list of quantitative indicators includes, for example, the forest area and growing stock (volume of living wood) for the Criterion 1, forest damage for the Criterion 2, increment and fellings for the Criterion 3, deadwood volume or naturalness classes for the Criterion 4, the area of protective forests for the Criterion 5, and contribution of forests to GDP or the area of recreation forests for the Criterion 6.
* **Qualitative indicators** are those that have to be described and assessed, and the data are collected using questionnaires. They are used to describe legal and institutional frameworks of forestry, as well as the policies and instruments for the implementation of SFM.

## Montréal Process
The Montréal Process Working Group on C&I for the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Temperate and Boreal Forests was launched in 1994 as a response to the Rio Forest Principles. Original set of C&I was adopted by Santiago Declaration in 1995. Originally it consisted of 7 criteria and 67 indicators. The current set represents the 5th version of MP C&I and it has 7 criteria and 54 indicators (both qualitative and quantitative).