Clarice Phelps

**Clarice Evone Phelps** ( née Salone )  bụ onye American nuclear chemist na-eme nchọpụta nhazi nke ihe transuranic redioaktivu na US Department of Energy 's Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Ọ bụ akụkụ nke otu ORNL nke jikọrọ aka na ụlọ ọrụ nkwonkwo maka nyocha nuklia iji chọpụta tennessine (mmebere 117).  International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) na-amata ya dị ka nwanyị mbụ Africa-American na-etinye aka na nchọpụta nke kemịkal.    

Phelps nọbu na mmemme ike nuklia nke ndị agha mmiri US. Na ORNL, Phelps na-achịkwa mmemme na Ngalaba Energy's Isotope & Fuel Cycle Technology Division  na-enyocha ojiji ụlọ ọrụ nke nickel-63 na selenium-75 . 

## Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
A zụlitere Clarice Phelps na steeti Tennessee nke America.  Mmasị ya na kemistri malitere n'oge ọ bụ nwata mgbe nne ya nyere ya microscope na ngwa sayensị dabeere na encyclopedia. Ndị nkuzi sayensị ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị zụlitere mmasị ya.  Ọ bụ onye nkuzi nke Tennessee Aquatic Project and Development Group, ọgbakọ anaghị akwụ ụgwọ maka ndị ntorobịa nọ n'ihe ize ndụ.  Phelps dechara nzere bachelọ nke sayensị na kemistri na Mahadum steeti Tennessee na 2003. 

Site na 2016 ruo 2020, Phelps nwetara MS na injinia site na mmemme nuklia na redio na Mahadum Texas na Austin .   , Phelps bụ nwa akwụkwọ PhD na mmemme injinia nuklia na Mahadum Tennessee .  

## Ọrụ

### Ndị agha mmiri United States
Phelps gbara mgba agụmakwụkwọ na kọleji.  &#x3A;&#x200A;3:14&#x200A;N'ịbụ onye na-enweghị ike ịchọta ọrụ mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ sonyeere ndị agha mmiri United States .   &#x3A;&#x200A;11:52&#x200A;Phelps debanyere aha na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Ike Nuclear nke ndị agha mmiri, nke ọ kwadoro ịkụziri ya "otu esi amụ ihe".  &#x3A;&#x200A;3:22&#x200A;Phelps mụrụ ike nuklia, reactor theory, na thermodynamics,  wee gụchaa na 10% kacha elu nke klas ya nke ụmụ akwụkwọ 300-400.  &#x3A;&#x200A;3:49&#x200A;Na 2019, Phelps gwara onye na-agba ajụjụ ọnụ na ọ gbasoro kemịkalụ nuklia n'otu akụkụ n'ihi enweghị ụmụ nwanyị ojii nọ n'ọhịa,  na-ekwu: "Ha kwesịrị ịhụ onye dị ka m ka ọ nọ ọdụ n'otu oghere ahụ ha nọ, ma na-eme nke ọma n'otu oghere ahụ."  

Phelps jere ozi dị ka onye ọrụ na-abụghị onye ọrụ na mmemme ike nuklia ndị agha mmiri nke United States .    Ọ nọrọ afọ anọ na ọkara n'ụgbọ ụgbọelu USS Ronald Reagan,  na-arụ ọrụ ngwa ngwa nuklia na njikwa kemịkalụ uzuoku, na idowe mmiri na reactor. E bugara ya ugboro abụọ,  ma bụrụ naanị nwanyị ojii na ngalaba ya n'ime ụgbọ mmiri ahụ.  &#x3A;&#x200A;4:25&#x200A;

### Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Mgbe o jesịrị ozi na ndị agha mmiri US, Phelps rụrụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ Cole-Parmer na Chicago, Illinois, mana otu afọ ka e mesịrị, na-enweghị mmasị na ihu igwe Chicago oyi, ọ laghachiri na Tennessee.  &#x3A;&#x200A;2:30&#x200A;Na June 2009, Phelps sonyeere Oak Ridge National Laboratory .  Ọ malitere dị ka onye na-ahụ maka nkà na ụzụ ma emesịa kwalite ya ka ọ bụrụ onye ọrụ nyocha na onye njikwa mmemme.  &#x3A;&#x200A;2:40&#x200A;Phelps na-arụ ọrụ na Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate dị ka onye njikwa ọrụ maka mmemme isotope mmepụta nickel-63 na selenium-75 . Dịka onye otu Oak Ridge's Nuclear Materials Processing Group, ọ bụ akụkụ nke ndị ọrụ nyocha na mmepe, na-arụ ọrụ na isotopes transuranic "dị arọ" nke a na-emepụta tumadi site na ntụgharị nuklia . Ọ bụkwa onye so na Medical, Industrial and Research Isotopes Group, ebe ọ na-enyocha ihe ndị dị ka actinium, lanthanum, europium, na samarium .  

Phelps tinyere aka na nchọta ihe nke abụọ kacha sie ike, tennessine (mmebere 117).   Ọ bụ akụkụ nke usoro ọnwa atọ iji sachaa 22&nbsp;mg nke berkelium-249, nke e zigara na Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Nzuzo maka Nchọpụta Nuclear ma jikọta ya na calcium-48 na mmeghachi omume njikọ iji mepụta tennessine.    N'ime ụlọ nyocha Oak Ridge na-akwụ ụgwọ nke IUPAC dị ka onye isi ngalaba nchọpụta tennessine, ọ nabatara ndị mmadụ 61 nọ na ORNL ndị nyere aka na ọrụ a gụnyere ndị ọrụ ọrụ, ndị ọrụ nkwado na ndị nyocha dịka Phelps.     Ọ matara Phelps dị ka nwanyị mbụ Africa-American tinyere aka na nchọpụta nke kemịkal .   

Mgbe Oak Ridge National Laboratory nwere gala iji sọpụrụ ma mee ememe otu ndị chọpụtara tennessine, aha Phelps nọ na ndepụta ahụ, mgbe ọ pụtara, ọ bere ákwá ka ọ ghọtara na ya enweghị oche na tebụl na onye nke ọzọ. ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị. Na mgbakwunye, e mepụtara ihe ncheta maka ncheta nchọpụta ahụ ka a kpọgidere ya ruo mgbe ebighị ebi na ụlọ nyocha, ọzọkwa, o wepụrụ aha ya. A gwara Phelps na ebipụrụ aha ya site na mmejọ n'ihi nkwụsị ahịrị na mpempe akwụkwọ. Ọ bụ ezie na ụlọ nyocha ahụ mechara kwuo na "e meziri njehie ahụ ngwa ngwa", ọ bụ naanị mgbe Phelps lụrụ ọgụ ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa iji tinye aha ya ka ụlọ nyocha ahụ kwetara. 

Phelps enyela aka na mbọ nyocha ndị ọzọ,  gụnyere ndị nyocha spectroscopic na spectrophotometric valence steeti ọmụmụ nke plutonium-238 na neptunium-237 na 238 maka National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA).  Phelps ejirila californium-252 mụọ electrodeposition maka ọrụ nkwalite Californium Rare Isotope Breeder. 

Phelps bụ onye otu American Chemical Society . 

### Nkà mmụta sayensị; ihe nrite na nnabata
Phelps na-etinye aka n'ọtụtụ ọrụ mgbasa ozi iji mee ka ndị ntorobịa na-ekere òkè na ngalaba sayensị, teknụzụ, injinia, na mgbakọ na mwepụ (STEM).   Ọ na-eje ozi na kọmitii mgbasa ozi agụmakwụkwọ ORNL dị ka oche dị iche iche maka ụlọ akwụkwọ Knox County .  O meela mgbasa ozi site na mmemme ASCEND nke Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority's isi nke gụsịrị akwụkwọ, na-eguzobe mmemme iji kuziri ụmụ akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị n'ime obodo na Knoxville .   Phelps bụkwa osote onye isi oche nke Board of Youth Outreach in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (YO-STEM). 

E gosipụtara Phelps na mmemme akụkọ akụkọ Oak Ridge Associated Universities STEM, yana ụlọ akwụkwọ dị nso na Tennessee na-emekọ ihe.  Phelps nwetara 2017 YWCA Knoxville Tribute to Women Award na ụdị Teknụzụ, Nnyocha na Innovation. Ihe nrite a na-akwado "ụmụ nwanyị obodo bụ ndị na-eduzi ubi ha na nkà na ụzụ ma na-eme nke ọma na ọrụ obodo".  

N'afọ 2019, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) gosipụtara Phelps na Tebụl oge nke Ndị Ntorobịa Chemists iji kwado "nkwa ya pụtara ìhè na nyocha na ntinye aka ọha, yana ịbụ onye nkwado dị mkpa maka ụdị dị iche iche".    Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị nyocha Oak Ridge National Laboratory abụọ si otú a kwanyere ugwu.  A na-ejikọta Phelps na tebụl oge a na-asọpụrụ na einsteinium element, na-enwe ya na ndị ọzọ, gụnyere Julie Ezold, nyochara ịdị ọcha nke einsteinium-254,  na onye ọrụ ibe ya, onye nchọpụta post-doctoral Nathan Brewer nke Oak Ridge Laboratory's Physics Division, jikọtara ya na elementrị tennessine.  Ntinye ha sochiri asọmpi nke IUPAC na International Younger Chemists Network (IYCN).  

Na Disemba 6, 2019 TEDx NashvilleWomen,  Phelps gosipụtara okwu ahụ "Otu m siri kwuo oche na tebụl oge", ebe, dị ka *TED Talks* si kwuo, ọ "kwupụtara akụkọ ifo nke onye nwere ọgụgụ isi na ịma aka [d] ] institutional elitism site n'ịkesa akụkọ banyere ụmụ nwanyị agba na-eme ụzọ ha na sayensị". 

### Akụkọ Wikipedia
Na Septemba 2018, ọkà mmụta sayensị Britain bụ Jessica Wade mepụtara edemede na Wikipedia Bekee gbasara Phelps ,  ma nke a ehichapụrụ na February 11, 2019.  Na Eprel 12, *Washington Post* bipụtara op-ed  gbasara, n'otu akụkụ, enweghị mkpuchi Wikipedia nke Bekee nyere onyinye Phelps na nchọta nke element 117. Kọlụm a, nke Wade dekọrọ, katọrọ mkparịta ụka n'etiti ndị ndezi afọ ofufo na saịtị ahụ nke butere ihichapụ akụkọ na Phelps.    Dị ka otu isiokwu na July 2019 *Chemistry World* si kwuo, "aha ya apụtaghị na isiokwu ndị na-ekwupụta nchọpụta tennessine. Ọ bụghị mgbasa ozi ndị isi akọwapụtaghị ya. Ọtụtụ okwu banyere ọrụ ya dị na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ onye ọrụ ya - isi iyi nke na-adịghị klaasị. dị ka nnwere onwe site n'ụkpụrụ Wikipedia na ya mere na ọ bụghị nke a na-anabata ma a bịa n'ịmepụta notability.  A kpara nkata mkpochapụ ahụ ọtụtụ oge. Ka ọ na-erule Jenụwarị 2020, enwere nkwekọrịta iji weghachi ya, n'ihi na ka ọ dị mgbe ahụ isi mmalite ọhụrụ adịla. 

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

*   – appearance by Phelps in a podcast for the International Year of the Periodic Table
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; Mgbasa ozi

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Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ

Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations