Tatamkhulu Afrika

**Ismail Joubert** (7 Disemba 1920 - 23 Disemba 2002), nke a na-akpọkarị **Tatamkhulu Afrika**, nke bụ Xhosa maka *nna nna Africa*, bụ onye na-ede uri na onye edemede South Africa. E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, *Broken Earth* mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asaa (n'okpuru "Methodist aha"), ma ọ karịrị afọ iri ise ruo mgbe mbipụta ya na-esote, nchịkọta nke amaokwu nke isiokwu ya bụ *Nine Lives* .

Ọ meriri ọtụtụ ihe nrite agụmagụ gụnyere onyinye ọla edo Molteno maka ọrụ ndụ ya na akwụkwọ South Africa, na 1996, a sụgharịrị ọrụ ya gaa na French. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ndụ ya, *Mr Chameleon*, ka ebipụtara n'afọ 2005 mgbe ọ gasịrị.

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Tatamkhulu Afrika Mogamed Fu'ad Nasif  n'Ijipt site na nna onye Egypt na nne Turkey, wee bịa South Africa dịka nwata. Ma nne na nna ya nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa flu, ndị enyi ezinụlọ nọ n'okpuru aha John Carlton zụlitere ya. 

Ọ lụrụ ọgụ n'Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ na mkpọsa North Africa wee jide ya na Tobruk . Ahụmahụ ya dị ka onye mkpọrọ n'agha pụtara nke ọma n'ihe odide ya. Mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ gasịrị, ọ hapụrụ ezinụlọ ya na-azụ ma gaa Namibia (mgbe ahụ South-West Africa ), bụ ebe ezinụlọ Afrikaans zụlitere ya, na-ewere aha iwu nke atọ ya bụ Jozua Joubert. 

Na 1964, ọ ghọrọ Islam, gbanwere aha ya n'ụzọ iwu ka ọ bụrụ Ismail Joubert,  wee nọrọ oge ụfọdụ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. Ọ bụ ebe a ka ọ na-enweta mbụ ụdị mmekọahụ nwoke na nwanyị idina nwoke ka a na-arụ ọrụ na steeti steeti iji yie ndị mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị egwu, nke ga-aga n'ihu na-abụ isi isiokwu nke ọrụ edemede ya n'ikpeazụ, n'ihi na esemokwu dị n'etiti mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị na nwoke idina nwoke na-egosipụta nke ukwuu. 

O biri na Cape Town's District 6,  agwakọtara agbụrụ n'ime ime obodo. Mpaghara 6 ka ekwuputara mpaghara "naanị ndị ọcha" na 1960 wee bibie obodo ahụ. Site na nna onye Egypt na nne Turkey, enwere ike kewaa Afrika dị ka "ọcha", mana ọ jụrụ dịka ụkpụrụ. Ọ tọrọ ntọala Al-Jihaad imegide mbibi nke District isii na apartheid n'ozuzu, na mgbe nke a na-ejikọta na African National Congress ' Umkhonto We Sizwe, e nyere ya aha otuto nke Tatamkhulu Afrika, nke ọ nakweere ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ. 

Na 1987, e jidere ya maka iyi ọha egwu ma machibido ya ikwu okwu ma ọ bụ ide ihe n'ihu ọha ruo afọ ise, n'agbanyeghị na ọ nọgidere na-ede ihe n'aha Tatamkhulu Afrika. A tụrụ ya mkpọrọ n'otu ụlọ mkpọrọ dị na Nelson Mandela ma hapụ ya na 1992. 

Tatamkulu Afrika nwụrụ na 23 Disemba 2002 obere oge ka ụbọchị ọmụmụ 82nd gasịrị, site na mmerụ ahụ nwetara mgbe onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala chụpụrụ ya izu abụọ gara aga, obere oge ka e bipụtasịrị akwụkwọ akụkọ ikpeazụ ya, *Bitter Eden* . Ọ hapụrụ ọtụtụ ọrụ ndị a na-ebipụtabeghị, gụnyere akụkọ ndụ ya, akwụkwọ akụkọ abụọ, akwụkwọ mkpirisi anọ, egwuregwu abụọ na uri. 

## Abụ

* *Ìhè abalị* (Carrefour/Hippogriff, 1991)
* *Onye na-agba ọchịchịrị* (Snailpress/Mayibuye 1993)
* *Maqabane* (Akwụkwọ Mayibuye, 1994)
* *Anụ na ire ọkụ* (Ụzọ silk, 1995)
* *Osisi Lemọn* (Snailpress, 1995)
* *Ebe ntụgharị* (Mayibuye, 1996)
* *Mmụọ ozi na abụ ndị ọzọ* (Carapace, 1999)
* *Mad Old Man N'okpuru kpakpando ụtụtụ* (Snailpress, 2000)
* *Au Ceux* (nsụgharị French) (Mbipụta Creathis l'ecole des filles, 2000)
* *Ọ nweghị ihe gbanwere* (2002)

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ

* *Ụwa gbajiri agbaji* (1940)
* *Ndị Innocent* (1994)
* *Tightrope* (1996)
* *[[Bitter Eden|Iden ilu]]* (Arcadia Books, 2002) Akwụkwọ akụkọ akụkọ ndụ nke edobere n'ogige ndị mkpọrọ nke agha n'oge Agha IIwa nke Abụọ. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na-ekwu maka ụmụ nwoke atọ ndị na-ahụ onwe ha ka ndị kwụ ọtọ mana ha ga-enwerịrị mkparịta ụka mmetụta uche na-eweta n'elu site na nso nso anụ ahụ nke ịlanarị na ogige ndị nwoke. A na-egosipụta emume dị mgbagwoju anya nke ndụ ogige na iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe na nkekọ miri emi n'etiti ndị ikom ahụ.
* *Mazị Chameleon: Akụkọ gbasara onwe ya*, Jacana Media, 2005.

## Ntụaka

* Ọnweghị ihe agbanwere, akụkọ ndụ dị mkpirikpi (ụdị Powerpoint)
* "Nne, Missus, Nwunye: Bisexuality na Tatamkhulu Afrika's Mr Chameleon na Bitter Eden," Bekee na Africa 32,2:185-211. Cheryl Stobie, 1 October 2005, Mahadum Rhodes, Ụlọ Ọrụ Maka Ọmụmụ Bekee na Africa.
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## Njikọ mpụga

* Works by Tatamkhulu Afrika at Open Library