Asụsụ Munda

**Asụsụ Munda** bụ otu asụsụ ndị yiri ibe ha nke ihe dị ka nde mmadụ itoolu na-asụ na India, Bangladesh na Nepal.   N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, a na-akpọ ha asụsụ **Kolarian**.  M alaka nke Ezinụlọ asụsụ Austroasiatic, nke pụtara na ha nwere njikọ chiri anya na asụsụ ndị dị ka asụsụ Mon Ndị Khmer, Ndị Vietnamese, yana asụsụ ndị pere mpe na Thailand na Laos na Asụsụ Mangic nke South China. Bhumij, Ho, Mundari, na Santali bụ asụsụ Munda ama ama.  [2]
thumb|Map asụsụ nke Grierson nke India, 1906
na-ekewa ezinụlọ ahụ n'ozuzu ya n'alaka abụọ: North Munda, nke a na-asụ na Chota Nagpur Plateau nke Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Odisha na West Bengal, yana n'akụkụ Bangladesh na Nepal, na South Munda, a na-ekwu na etiti Odisha na n'akụkụ ókèala dị n'etiti Andhra Pradesh na Odisha.  

North Munda, nke Santali bụ asụsụ a na-asụkarị ma bụrụ asụsụ gọọmentị na India, nwere okpukpu abụọ karịa ndị na-asụrụ South Munda. Mgbe Santali gasịrị, asụsụ Mundari na Ho nọ n'ọnọdụ na-esote n'ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-ekwu okwu, Korku na Sora sochiri. Asụsụ Munda ndị fọdụrụnụ  ndị obere ìgwè ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ na-asụ, a kọwakwara ha nke ọma.

Ihe ndị e ji mara asụsụ Munda gụnyere ọnụọgụ atọ (otu, abụọ na ọtụtụ), nwoke na nwanyị abụọ (ndị dị ndụ na ndị na-adịghị ndụ), ọdịiche dị n'etiti nnọchiaha nke onye mbụ na-agụnye na nke pụrụ iche, iji nsonaazụ ma ọ bụ ndị enyemaka iji gosipụta oge,  na akụkụ, ngụkọta, na mgbagwoju anya reduplication, yana ịgbanwee.  [1]  Munda bụkwa polysynthetic na aglutinating. Na usoro ụda nke Munda, usoro ụdaume anaghị adịkarị ma e wezụga n'etiti okwu.

## Mmalite
thumb|Nhazi nke asụsụ Austroasiatic ugbu a

Rau  Sidwell (2019),  tinyere Blench (2019),  na-atụ aro na tupu Proto-Munda abịala na Mahanadi River Delta n'ihe dị ka 1,500 BCE site na Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia site na ụzọ ụgbọ mmiri, kama site na ala. Asụsụ Munda mechara gbasaa na mmiri Mahanadi.  nke 2021 -atụ aro na asụsụ Munda gbasara ruo n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Uttar Pradesh ma metụta Asụsụ Indo-Aryan nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ. [1] [2]

## Nchịkọta
Munda nwere alaka ise a na-enweghị esemokwu (Korku dị ka onye nọpụrụ iche, Remo, Savara, Kherwar, na Kharia-Juang). Agbanyeghị, a na-arụrịta ụka banyere mmekọrịta ha.

### Diffloth (1974)
A na-ekwukarị nkewa nke Diffloth (1974):
 

### Diffloth (2005)
Diffloth (2005) jidere Koraput (nke Anderson jụrụ, n'okpuru) mana ọ hapụrụ South Munda ma tinye Kharia-Juang na asụsụ ndị dị n'ebe ugwu:
 

### Anderson (1999)
 Gregory Anderson na 1999 bụ nke a:
 
Otú ọ dị, na 2001, Anderson kewara Juang na Kharia na alaka Juang-Kharia ma wepụkwa Gtaʔ na alaka Gutob-Remo-Gtaʔ mbụ ya. Ya mere, atụmatụ ya nke afọ 2001 gụnyere alaka ise maka South Munda.

### Anderson (2001)
Anderson (2001) na-agbaso Diffloth (1974) ma e wezụga ịjụ ịdị irè nke Koraput. Kama nke ahụ, ọ na-atụ aro, na ndabere nke ntụnyere ọdịdị, na Proto-South Munda kewara kpọmkwem n'ime ụmụ nwanyị atọ nke Diffloth, Kharia-Juang, Sora-Gorum (Savara), na Gutob-Remo-Gtaʼ (Remo). 

Alaka South Munda ya nwere alaka ise na-esonụ, ebe alaka North Munda bụ otu ihe ahụ dị ka nke Diffloth (1974) na Anderson (1999).
 

* Rịba ama: "Korku na Sora sochiri. Asụsụ Munda ndị fọdụrụnụ  ndị obere ìgwè ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ na-asụ, a kọwakwara ha nke ọm
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations