Susan Howe

thumb|Susan Howe, c. 2007
**Susan Howe** (amụrụ na June 10, 1937) bụ Onye America na-ede uri, ọkà mmụta, onye edemede, na onye nkatọ, onye ya na ndị na-ede abụ asụsụ nwere njikọ chiri anya, n'etiti ndị ọzọ na-ede egwu. A na-akpọkarị ọrụ ya Postmodern n'ihi na ọ na-agbasa echiche ọdịnala nke ụdị (akụkọ ifo, edemede, akụkọ na uri). Ọtụtụ n'ime akwụkwọ Howe nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme, akụkọ ifo, na ihe ndị ọzọ, nke a na-egosikarị n'ụdị na-abụghị nke omenala. Ọrụ ya nwere ụda olu, ma ọ bụghị usoro metric na-agbanwe agbanwe ma ọ bụ usoro uri.

Howe bụ onye natara 2017 Robert Frost Medal nke Poetry Society of America nyere, onye natara 2011 Bollingen Prize na American Poetry, na onye otu American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

## Ndụ onwe onye
A mụrụ Howe na June 10, 1937, na Boston, Massachusetts. Ọ tolitere na Cambridge dị nso. Nne ya, Mary Manning, bụ onye Irish na-ede egwuregwu ma na-eme ihe nkiri maka Dublin's Gate Theatre. Nna ya Mark DeWolfe Howe, bụ prọfesọ na Harvard Law School ma bụrụkwa onye na-ede akụkọ ndụ nke Onye ọka ikpe Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu Oliver Wendell Holmes. Nwanne nne ya bụ Helen Howe, onye na-ekwu okwu n'otu na onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ. O nwere ụmụnne nwanyị abụọ, Helen Howe Braider na onye na-ede uri Fanny Howe. Howe gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Boston Museum School of Fine Arts na 1961. Ọ lụrụ onye na-ese ihe, Harvey Quaytman na 1961. Ọ lụrụ di ya nke abụọ, onye na-ese ihe David von Schlegell, ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ (1992). Di ya nke atọ, Peter Hewitt Hare, onye ọkà ihe ọmụma na prọfesọ na Mahadum Buffalo, nwụrụ na Jenụwarị 2008. O nwere ụmụ abụọ, onye na-ese ihe R.H. Quaytman, na onye edemede Mark von Schlegell. Ọ bi na Guilford, Connecticut.

## Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara
Howe bụ onye dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ uri, gụnyere Europe of Trusts: Selected Poems (1990), Frame Structures: Early Poems 1974-1979 (1996) na The Midnight (2003), Pierce-Arrow (1999), Bed Hangings with Susan Bee (2001),Souls of the Labadie Track, (2007) Frolic Architecture, (2010), "Spontaneous Particulars: The Telepathy of Archives" (2014) na That This (2010), na akwụkwọ nkatọ atọ, The Birth-Mark: The Unsettling the Wilderness in American History Emily N N Nssettings (2013) Dick Nsset: Dick N N N Nose). Howe malitere ibipụta uri na Hinge Picture na 1974 ma nabata ya na mbụ dị ka akụkụ nke ìgwè ndị edemede nnwale a maara dị ka ndị na-ede uri asụsụ dị ka Charles Bernstein, Bruce Andrews, Lyn Hejinian, Carla Harryman, Barrett Watten, na Ron Silliman. Ọrụ ya apụtala n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ, gụnyere The Norton Anthology of Modern and Contemporary Poetry, L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E akwụkwọ akụkọ In the American Tree, na The Norton Anthology of Postmodern Poetry.

* N'azụ, Rachel Tzvia Led By Language: The Poetry and Poetics of Susan Howe. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, 2002.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Site n'Okwu nke Ndị Ọzọ: Susan Howe na Anarcho-Scholasticism. Victoria, BC: English Literary Studies Editions, 2006.
* Okpueze, Kathleen "Documentary Memory and Textual Agency: H.D. na Susan Howe" How2, v. 1, n° 3, Feb. 2000.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] *Ịnyikọ Akwụkwọ Mpịakọta: Late in a Prophetic Tradition with the Poetry of Susan Howe and John Taggart.* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Palimptexts: Postmodern Poetry and the Material Text", Postmodern Genres. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Norman, OK: Mahadum nke Oklahoma Press, 1988/89.  (Coll.: n° 5 nke Oklahoma Project for Discourse and Theory.) peeji nke 75-95.&nbsp;
* "The Difficulties Interview", mbipụta a raara nye Susan Howe. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] peeji nke 17-27.&nbsp;
* Duplessis, Rachel Blau "Iwu anyị /vocables / nke ọdịdị ma ọ bụ ụda: Ọrụ Susan Howe", How (ever) v.1 n° 4, May 1984. 
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "An Interview with Susan Howe", Talisman: A Journal of Contemporary Poetry and Poetics, n° 4: mbipụta pụrụ iche na Susan Howe, 1990. peeji nke 14-38.&nbsp;
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Literal/Littoral Crossings: Re-Articulating Hope Atherton's Story After Susan Howe's Articulation of Sound Forms in Time. " Water: Resources and Discourses. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Justin Scott Coe na W. Scott Howard. Nrụzigharị: Studies in Contemporary Culture 6.3 (2006): https://archive.today/20130414185043/http://reconstruction.eserver.org/063/howard.shtml.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Kụziaka, Olee otu/e?: ọ bụghị n'onwe ya" *Denver Quarterly* 35.2 (2000): 81-93.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "'ide edemede mmụọ": A Discursive Poetics of History; ma ọ bụ, Howe's hau in 'a bibliography of the king's book; or, eikon basilike"." *Talisman* 14 (1995): 108-30.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] *"The Small Space of a Pause": Susan Howe's Poetry and the Spaces Between*. Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press, 2010.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ụdị mgbasawanye: Abụ ogologo oge ndị inyom dere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya. Chicago, IL: Mahadum nke Chicago Press, 1997.
* Ma, Ming-Qian "Articulating the Inarticulate: Singularities and the Countermethod in Susan Howe," Contemporary Literature v.36 n° 3, 1995, pp. 466-489.&nbsp;
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] *Abụ nke Susan Howe: Akụkọ ihe mere eme, nkà mmụta okpukpe, ikike*. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] *Nnyocha uri: Ịbụ abụ n'oghere n'akụkọ ihe mere eme*. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1999.
* Nicholls, Peter "Unsettling the Wilderness: Susan Howe and American History", Contemporary Literature, v.37, n° 4, 1996, peeji nke 586-601.&nbsp;
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Against Transparency: From the Radiant Cluster to the Word as Such" & "How it pụtara: Making Poetic Sense in Media Society" na Radical Artifice, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998. 
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Asụsụ Poetry na Lyric Subject: Ron Silliman's *Albany*, Susan Howe's Buffalo", Critical Inquiry, n° 25, Spring 1999, peeji nke 405-434.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] *Akwụkwọ ikike uri: Essays on Modernist and Postmodernist Lyric*. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1990.
* Onye isi oche, Peter. *Disjunctive Poetics: Site na Gertrude Stein na Louis Zukovsky ruo Susan Howe*. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
* Rankine, Claudia, na Spahr, Juliana. *Ndị inyom America na-ede uri na narị afọ nke 21: Ebe abụ na-ezute asụsụ*. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* Reinfeld, Linda M. Asụsụ uri: Ide dị ka nnapụta. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Against the Limits of Language: The Geometries of Anne-Marie Albiach and Susan Howe", na Moving Borders: Three Decades of Innovative Writing By Women, Mary Margaret Sloan, ed. Jersey City, NJ: Talisman House Publishers, 1998. peeji nke 630-641&nbsp;
* Ziarek, Krzysztof. *Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ahụmịhe: Ọgbara ọhụrụ, Avant-Garde, na Ihe Omume*. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 2001.

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Susan Howe Homepage @ EPC
* Susan Howe Papers MSS 0201. Special Collections & Archives, UC San Diego Library.
* Susan Howe na PennSound
* Susan Howe Page @ Abụ America nke oge a
* Susan Howe na Poetry FoundationNtọala nke Abụ
* "Interview with Susan Howe" nke Jon THOMPSON site na Free Verse: A journal of contemporary poetry and poetics, 2005. na: https://web.archive.org/web/20171004212251/https://english.chass.ncsu.edu/freeverse/Pages/Interviews.html
* Nnyocha nke mmekọrịta Susan Howe na David Grubbs site na Ben Lerner 
* Susan SCHULTZ's Exaggerated History. Postmodern Culture.   Nke 4, Nke 2, Jenụwarị 1994. n'ịntanetị na: [www.english.upenn.edu]
* Cole SWENSEN's Sā To Writewithize (dị ka na "to hybridize" to "harmonize" etc.) American Letters & Commentary, Winter 2001. na: https://web.archive.org/web/20030510100014/http://www.du.edu/~cswensen/writewithize.html
* Cole SWENSEN's Siing reading: Susan Howe's Moving Margins. South Conference: Louisville Conference on Modern Literature. Eprel 1999. na: [1]  https://web.archive.org/web/20040321221807/http://www.du.edu/~cswensen/howe.html
* Brian MCHALE's 〜 HER William Shakespeare: On the interventionist poetics of Susan Howe (in the male literary cannon) 〜 Conference on contemporary poetry: Poetry and the Public Sphere.   Mahadum Rutger, Eprel 24-27, 1997. na: http://eng.rutgers.edu/brian.html 
* METCALF Paul "Enweghị aha: na Hope Atherton's Wandernings." na Modern American Poetry Website: https://web.archive.org/web/20080705042545/http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/g_l/howe/about.htm
* Bruce Campbell na Susan Howe, On Susan Howe and History, Modern American Poetry 
* Nkwurịta okwu na FRENCH na Omar BERRADA. Nkwurịta okwu na Susan Howe. E bipụtara ya na Vacarme, n° 32, n'oge ọkọchị 2005. Enwere ya na: [1]   http://www.vacarme.eu.org/article610.html
*  Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ