Andrew Geddes Bain

**Andrew Geddes Bain** (onye e mere baptizim na 11 June 1797 - 20 October 1864) bụ onye nchọpụta, ọkà mmụta ala, injinia, na ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ọdịdị ala nke a mụrụ na Scotland, onye bi ma rụọ ọrụ na Cape Colony. N'ịbụ onye a na-ewere dị ka "nna nke nkà mmụta ala South Africa," Bain wuru ọtụtụ n'ime ugwu ndị kacha mkpa na mpaghara ahụ - gụnyere Bain's Kloof Pass - ma mepụta maapụ ala mbụ zuru oke nke South Africa na 1852. Nwa ya nwoke, Thomas Charles John Bain, mechara soro dị ka onye injinia okporo ụzọ a ma ama.

## Akụkọ ndụ
áká_èkpè|thumb|Andrew Geddes Bain
Naanị nwa Alexander Bain na Jean Geddes, ha abụọ nwụrụ mgbe Bain ka bụ nwata nwoke, e mere Bain baptizim na 11 June 1797 na Thurso, Scotland. Ọ bụ nwanne nne ya bi nso Edinburgh zụlitere ya. N'ebe a ka ọ natara agụmakwụkwọ oge ochie, mana enweghị ọzụzụ ọrụ aka. N'afọ 1816, ọ kwagara Cape Town ya na nwanne nna ya Lieutenant Colonel William Geddes nke 83rd Regiment, onye guzo na Cape. Ọ lụrụ Maria Elizabeth von Backstrom na 16 Nọvemba 1818 ma nwee ụmụ nwoke 3 na ụmụ nwanyị 7. N'afọ 1822, ọ zụrụ ala na Graaff Reinet ma gaa n'ihu na azụmahịa nke onye na-agba ịnyịnya ruo afọ ole na ole. N'afọ 1825, ọ sonyeere John Burner Biddulph na njem azụmahịa gaa Kuruman, ebe ọrụ na nsọtụ Kalahari na ụlọ Dr. Robert Moffat (nna di David Livingstone). Ha gara n'ihu n'ebe Ugwu wee rute Dithubaruba na Bechuanaland, na-aghọ ndị Europe mbụ e dekọrọ na-alaghachi n'enweghị nsogbu site n'ebe dị anya n'ebeebe ugwu. N'afọ 1829, ha gara n'ebe dị nso na Kokstad nke oge a. Ìgwè ndị Bantu na-agba ọsọ Dingaan manyere ha ịlaghachi. N'oge njem ndị a, ọ chọpụtara nkà ya maka ise ihe na ide ihe wee bụrụ onye na-ede akwụkwọ maka John Fairbairn's South African Commercial Advertiser. N'ikwu ya n'ezoghị ọnụ, Gerrit Maritz, otu n'ime ndị isi Voortrekker, gbara ya akwụkwọ ọtụtụ ugboro maka nkwutọ. E nyere ya ihe nrite pụrụ iche na 1832 maka 'n'efu na-elekọta owuwu nke Van Ryneveld's Pass, Graaff-Reinet'. N'afọ 1834, o mere njem ọzọ gaa Bechuanaland ebe ọ tụfuru ụgbọ ala ya na nchịkọta nke anụmanụ n'oge mwakpo nke Matabele, nke ndị nduzi Griqua ya na-ezu ohi ụfọdụ ehi Eze kpatara. N'oge Cape Frontier Wars na 1833-1834 ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onyeisi nke Beaufort Levies e welitere maka nchebe nke ókèala. Ọ nwara ọrụ ugbo na mpaghara Queen Adelaide Province nke e weghaara ọhụrụ, mana ugbo ahụ furu ya mgbe e weghachiri ala ahụ na ndị Xhosa na 1836. Mgbe e mesịrị, e nyere ya ọrụ iwu ụzọ ndị agha gafere Ecca Pass, ma gosipụta nkà injinia nke mere ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na-adịgide adịgide dị ka onye nyocha nke ụzọ ndị agha n'okpuru Corps of Royal Engineers na 1836. N'oge a, o keere òkè n'iwu àkwà mmiri Fish River, mgbe ahụ ọ bụ àkwà mgbochi kachasị ukwuu na mba ahụ. O wuru Queen's Road site na Grahamstown ruo Fort Beaufort. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye nyocha injinia site na Cape Roads Board na 1845 ọ malitere iwu na Michell's Pass dị nso na Ceres na 1848, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, Bain's Kloof Pass dị nso n'Wellington na 1853. N'afọ 1853 ọ zutere onye edemede Russia bụ I. A. Goncharov, mgbe onye nke ikpeazụ na-eme njem gaa Japan na frigate Pallada. Ọ bụ nwoke mbụ nwara iwu ụzọ gafere Ugwu Lident n'ime ime nke ndị na-achị ala nyere ya ọlaọcha tebụl na kandụl.

Mgbe ọ laghachiri na Eastern Cape na 1854, o wuru ọtụtụ okporo ụzọ na ụzọ ndị ọzọ gụnyere Katberg Pass dị nso na Fort Beaufort. Ọrụ a mere ka e nwee mmasị na geology, nke sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke Lyell's Elements of Geology na 1837. Ya na William Guybon Atherstone nwere enyi, onye bụkwa onye ọkà mmụta ala na onye na-anakọta ihe ochie na onye nọ na nchọpụta nke *Paranthodon africanus* Broom na ugbo Dassieklip na Osimiri Bushmans, na-adị ihe dị ka ọkara n'etiti Grahamstown na Port Elizabeth. Bain chọpụtara ọtụtụ ihe ndị fọdụrụnụ, gụnyere anụ na-eri ahịhịa dicynodon *Oudenodon bainii Owen*, nke e gwupụtara na Karoo Beds na ugbo Mildenhall n'ebe ndịda Fort Beaufort ma kọwaa ya n'akwụkwọ Sir Richard Owen. N'etiti ihe atụ ndị e zigara Owen bụ ihe a na-akpọ Blinkwater monster, *Pareiasaurus serridens* yana ụdị anụmanụ dị iche iche na-akpụ akpụ.

Gọọmentị Britain nyere ya £ 200 na 1845 maka nyocha ya. N'inye oge ezumike ya na ọmụmụ ihe gbasara ala, Bain kwadebere na 1852 map mbụ zuru oke nke South Africa, ọrụ bara uru nke ukwuu, nke Geological Society nke London bipụtara na 1856. Sir Roderick Murchison na Sir Henry de la Beche, ndị ọkà mmụta ala a ma ama n'oge ahụ, ha abụọ tụrụ aro nhọpụta Bain dị ka onye nyocha ala Cape na 1852, mana ebe ọ bụ na enweghị ego, ọ dịghị ihe si na ya pụta. Bain gara Namaqualand n'afọ 1854 wee kọọrọ Gọọmentị banyere ebe a na-egwupụta ọla kọpa n'ebe ahụ.

E nyere ya ezumike ọrịa ịga leta England maka nke ugboro abụọ na 1864, ebe Sir Richard Owen nke British Museum na Sir Roderick Murchison nke Royal Geographical Society mere ya ọbịa, e wee mee ya onye otu nsọpụrụ nke Athenaeum Club. Ahụ ike ya n'oge a kara aka nke ukwuu wee laghachi South Africa; ọ nwụrụ na Cape Town mgbe obi dara ya na 20 Ọktoba 1864. Odeakwụkwọ Colonial, Onye Na-ahụ Maka Ego Colonial, Charles Davidson Bell, Onye Na-enyocha Ihe na Sir Thomas Maclear, onye na-enyocha mbara igwe nke Majesty na Cape, so n'ime ndị bu ozu ahụ.

Mgbe ọ bi na Grahamstown, o dere ihe osise ọchị maka ntụrụndụ ndị amateur ma mepụta agwa bụ́ Caatje Kekelbek ma ọ bụ Life Among the Hottentots (1838), nke a makwaara dị ka Kaatje Kekkelbek (Katie Gossip) onye mere ka ndị South Africa hụ onwe ya n'anya ruo mgbe ebighị ebi, ma mee ka John Philip na ndị ozi ala ọzọ ndị ọzọ chịa ọchị. Kaatje, nwa agbọghọ Hottentot, na-eji Hottentot-Afrikaans eme ihe n'akụkụ ndị a na-asụ, ma na-abụ abụ n'asụsụ Afrikaans-Bekee. Ọ na-abịa n'elu ikpo okwu na-akpọ ụbọ akwara ndị Juu.

: *Aha m bụ Kaatje Kekkelbek,*
: *M si Kat Rivier,*
: *Mmiri na-agafe agafe nke Daar,*
: *Mana mmanya na biya dị ụkọ.*
: *Myn A B C na ụlọ akwụkwọ Philip*
: *Amụta m otu okwu siri ike,*
: *Mana ọ hapụrụ ya dị ka nnukwu onye nzuzu*
: *Dị ka gekke Aunt Meitje.*

Ndị otu Van Riebeeck bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ Bain na 1949. E kpughere ihe ncheta n'elu Bain's Kloof Pass na 14 Septemba 1953, e wurukwa ihe ncheta nye ya n'elu Ecca Pass n'okporo ụzọ Queen's Road na 7 Septemba 1964. Bain wuru ụzọ ugwu na ụzọ gafere asatọ n'oge ọrụ ya. Nwa ya nwoke bụ Thomas Charles John Bain bụkwa onye injinia okporo ụzọ na South Africa.

## Ọrụ owuwu

# Ouberg/Oudeberg Pass dị nso na Graaff-Reinet 1832
# Van Ryneveld Pass dị nso na Graaff-Reinet 1830s
# Ecca Pass site na Grahamstown gaa Fort Beaufort (The Queen's Road) 1837
# Michell's Pass dị nso na Ceres site na Skurweberg, na-agbaso ụzọ nke Osimiri Breede 1846-48
# Bain's Kloof Pass nso Wellington 1848-52
# Gydo Pass n'ebe ugwu nke Ceres ruo Skurweberg
# Houw Hoek Pass site na Elgin ruo BotrivierIhe na-egbu egbu
# Katberg Pass dị nso na Fort Beaufort 1860-64

thumb|378x378px|Okporo ụzọ Bainskloof

## Whisky Cape Mountain nke Bain
A na-akpọ Bain's Cape Mountain Whisky na James Sedgwick distillery na Wellington, South Africa, iji kwanyere iwu Bainskloof Pass nke jikọtara obodo Wellington na ime obodo nke mba ahụ na 1853.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

## Hụkwa

* Thomas Charles John Bain

## Edemsibia

* EdeThe Romance of Cape Mountain Passes - Graham Ross (David Phillips Publishers, Cape Town)   

## Njikọ mpụga

* Bain's "Bidental Reptile", 2009, Brian Switek
* Okporo ụzọ ubi
* Okporo ụzọ Pakhuis
* Ndị na-ewu okporo ụzọ 
* Isiokwu Civil Engineering 
* Akwụkwọ nta nke Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie nke Albany
* Ruo n'ókè anya nwere ike ịhụ 
* Biography of Andrew Geddes BainnaS2A3Biographical Database nke Southern African Science