Raymond Pettibon

**Raymond Pettibon** (amuru **Raymond Ginn**, June 16, 1957) bu onye omenka America nke bi ma na-aru oru na New York City .  Pettibon bịara bụrụ onye a ma ama na mmalite 1980s na ndịda California punk rock scene, na-ekepụta akwụkwọ mmado na nka album ọkachasị maka otu dị na SST Records, nke nwanne ya nwoke nke okenye, Greg Ginn nwere ma na-arụ ọrụ. O mechara bụrụ onye ama ama na ụwa nka mara mma maka iji akara ngosi America ewepụtara n'ụdị dị iche iche sitere na akwụkwọ, akụkọ ihe nka, nkà ihe ọmụma, na okpukperechi na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, egwuregwu, na mmekọahụ.

Dị ka Holland Cotter si kwuo na *New York Times* :

 

## Ndụ mbido
thumb|220x220px| Akara ọkọlọtọ ojii nke Pettibon mere
Nke anọ n'ime ụmụaka ise mụrụ RCK Ginn, onye nkuzi Bekee nke bipụtara ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nledo;  nne ya bụ nwunye.  Pettibon toro na Hermosa Beach, California .  A zụlitere ya bụ Christian Scientist .  O nwetara akara ugo mmụta akụ na ụba na UCLA na 1977  wee rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi mgbakọ na mwepụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha LA maka obere oge, tupu ịchụso na mezue BFA ya na 1977. 

Na 1976, nwanne ya nwoke, onye na-agụ egwu / onye na-agụ egwú Greg Ginn, hiwere otu egwu egwu egwu egwu egwu Black Flag . Na mbụ, Pettibon abụrụla onye ọkpụkpọ bass n'ime otu ahụ mgbe aha Panic mara ya. Mgbe ndị otu ahụ chọpụtara na otu egwu ọzọ a na-akpọ Panic dị, Pettibon tụrụ aro aha Black Flag wee chepụta akara ngosi “ogwe anọ” ha pụrụ iche, ọkọlọtọ ojii mara mma nke na-efegharị na ikuku.  N'otu oge ahụ, Pettibon nakweere aha nna ya ọhụrụ, site na aha njirimara petit bon (ezigbo obere) nke nna ya nyere ya.  Ihe osise Pettibon pụtara na flier, mkpuchi album na ihe onyinye (T-shirts, akwụkwọ mmado na skateboards) maka Black Flag site na mbido 1980s, wee bụrụ onye amara ama na ebe egwuregwu punk Los Angeles. 

Pettibon lụrụ onye na-ese vidiyo Aïda Ruilova, onye ya na ya nwere nwa nwoke.  Ọ bụ onye na-anụ ọkụ n'obi na-akwado egwuregwu. 

## Ọrụ
Amara maka eserese ya dị ka ihe nkiri na-akpasu iwe, nke na-akpa ọchị ma ọ bụ nke na-edochaghị anya, okwu Pettibon na-eme ihe ike mgbe ụfọdụ na onye na-emegide ikike. Site na njedebe 1970s site na etiti 1980s, ọ na-akpachi anya ya na punk rock band Black Flag na akara ndekọ SST Records, ha abụọ tọrọ ntọala site na nwanne ya nwoke tọrọ Greg Ginn . Na mgbakwunye, Pettibon haziri mkpuchi nke 1990 Sonic Youth album  ; bassist Kim Gordon bụ onye nwere mmasị na nka Pettibon ogologo oge wee dee banyere ya maka *Artforum* na 1980s.  Malite n'etiti 1980s, ọ ghọrọ onye ama ama na ihe ngosi nka nke oge a.

Pettibon na-arụ ọrụ bụ isi na ink India na akwụkwọ na ọtụtụ n'ime ihe osise mbụ ya bụ oji na ọcha, n'agbanyeghị na ọ na-ewebata agba mgbe ụfọdụ site n'iji pensụl, watercolor, collage, gouache ma ọ bụ acrylic paint . O kwuwo na mmasị ya na usoro a bụ mmetụta nke ndị na-ese ihe dị ka William Blake na Goya, na ụdị nke ihe nkiri nchịkọta akụkọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.  Ihe osise ya na-apụta site na narị otu narị. Ọ malitere ibipụta ha dị ka akwụkwọ nta foto ndị nwere ntakịrị na 1978. Akwụkwọ nta ndị a, nke ọ na-aga n'ihu na-emepụta dị ka "Superflux Pubs," ka a na-ewere dịka "nchikota echiche ya na ihe ịchọ mma ya".  Pettibon malitere ịrụ ọrụ na kọlọji n'etiti 80s yana ihe mpempe akwụkwọ dị mfe jikọtara na onyonyo ojii na ọcha.  N'ọrụ ọhụrụ ya, onye na-ese ihe na-ejikwa ụzọ nke collage ọzọ. 

Nleghachi azụ nke ọrụ Pettibon nke isiokwu ya bụ *A Pen of All Work*, gbara okpukpu atọ nke New York City's New Museum na 2017.  

### Ọrụ nka ọha
Maka High Line New York, Pettibon kere bọọdụ nwa oge na 2013, na-egosipụta ihe osise baseball 2010 a na-akpọ *No Title (Nchekwa ọ kpọrọ ...)* na-egosi Jackie Robinson nke Brooklyn Dodgers na-amị amị. 

### Ọrụ ndị ọzọ
Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ ya na akwụkwọ, Pettibon emewokwa eserese site na eserese ya, ihe nkiri na-eme ihe nkiri sitere na edemede nke ya, akwụkwọ ndị nka pụrụ iche, fanzines, mbipụta na nnukwu eserese mgbidi na-adịgide adịgide nke na-agụnyekarị nhazi nke ọrụ ya na akwụkwọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ịmepụta ihe ntinye nke collage. Na mbido 1990s, onye omenka ibe Mike Kelley gbara guitar na ọba egwu Pettibon dekọtara maka akara onwe ya Blast First si New York na London.  Ugbu a ọ bụ onye isi na-abụ abụ nke Niche Makers, otu gbadoro ụkwụ na Venice, California. 

## Ahịa nka
Onye na-ese ihe na-anọchi anya Regen Projects, Los Angeles na David Zwirner, New York. Ọ na-egosi mgbe niile na Contemporary Fine Arts, Berlin na Sadie Coles HQ, London. Na 2011, na oge nke Ben Stiller na David Zwirner 's Artists For Haiti charity auction at Christie's, Pettibon's *No Title (Ma ájá)*, rere maka $820,000. 

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ

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## Ntụaka
ọzọ a na-akpọ Panic dị, Pettibon tụrụ aro aha Black Flag wee chepụta akara ngosi “ogwe anọ” ha pụrụ iche, ọkọlọtọ ojii mara mma nke na-efegharị na ikuku.  N'otu oge akara ngosi “ogwe anọ” ha pụrụ iche, ọkọlọtọ ojii mara mma nke na-efegharị na ikuku. N'otu

## Njikọ mpụga

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* Official Website
* Raymond Pettibon at David Zwirner
* Selected Press at David Zwirner
* Raymond Pettibon on Artnet
* Raymond Pettibon at Kadist Art Foundation
* Raymond Pettibon Kapsul Image Collection
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations