Tatyana Afanasyeva-Ehrenfest

**Tatyana Alexeyevna Afanasyeva-Ehrenfest**[a] (née Afanasyeva; Russian:  Татьяна Алексеевна Афанасьева-Эренфест; 19 Nọvemba 1876 - 14 Eprel 1964) bụ onye Russia-Dutch na-eme mgbakọ na mwepụ na physics nke nyere aka na ngalaba nke statistical mechanics na statistical thermodynamics na di ya Paul Ehrenfest.

## Oge ọ malitere
Tatyana Afanasyeva mụrụ na Kiev, na Russian Alaeze Ukwu (Ukraine ugbu a). Nna ya bụ Alexander Afanasyev, onye isi injinia na ụgbọ okporo ígwè nke Imperial, bụ onye ga-eme ka Tatyana na njem ya gburugburu Alaeze Ukwu Russia. Nna ya nwụrụ mgbe ọ ka na-eto eto, ya mere ọ kwagara St Petersburg dị na Rọshịa ka ya na nwanne nwanne nne ya bụ Sonya biri, na nwanne nna ya bụ Peter Afanasyev, onye prọfesọ na St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute.

Afanasyeva gara ụlọ akwụkwọ nkịtị na St. Petersburg na ọpụrụiche na mgbakọ na mwepụ na sayensị. N'oge ahụ, a naghị ekwe ka ụmụ nwanyị gaa mahadum dị na mpaghara Russia, ya mere, mgbe Tatyana gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ nkịtị, ọ malitere ịmụ mgbakọ na mwepụ na physics na Mahadum Women's St Petersburg n'okpuru Orest Chvolson. Na 1902, ọ gafere na Mahadum Göttingen dị na Germany ka ya na Felix Klein na David Hilbert gaa n'ihu na ọmụmụ ihe ya.

At the University of Göttingen, Afanasyeva met Paul Ehrenfest. When Ehrenfest discovered that Afanasyeva could not attend a mathematics club meeting, he argued with the school to have the rule changed. A friendship developed between the two, and they married on 21 December 1904, later returned to St. Petersburg in 1907. Under Russian law, marriage was not allowed between two people of different religions. Since Tatyana was a Russian Orthodox and Ehrenfest was Jewish, they both decided to officially renounce their religions in order to remain married. They had two daughters and two sons; one daughter, Tatyana Ehrenfest, also became a mathematician.

N'afọ 1912, ha kwagara Leiden na Netherlands, ebe a họpụtara Paul Ehrenfest ka ọ nọchie Hendrik Lorentz dị ka prọfesọ na Mahadum Leiden,  na ebe di na nwunye ahụ biri n'oge ọrụ ha niile.

## Ọrụ na mgbakọ na mwepụ na physics
Na mbido, Afanasyeva-Ehrenfest sooro di ya rụkọọ ọrụ, nke a ma ama na nyocha ha nke 1911 nke usoro ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Ludwig Boltzmann. The Conceptual Foundations of the Statistical Approach in Mechanics, nke Paul na Tatyana Ehrenfest bipụtara na 1911 dị ka edemede maka German *Encyklopädie der mathematischen Wissenschaften* (Encyclopedia of Mathematical Sciences), ma kemgbe ahụ a sụgharịrị ya ma bipụta ya ọzọ.

Afanasyeva-Ehrenfest bipụtara ọtụtụ akwụkwọ na isiokwu dị iche iche dị ka randomness  na entropy,  na nkuzi ụmụaka geometry. 

### Mmekọrịta ya na Einstein
Albert Einstein bụ onye ọbịa na-agakarị n'afọ 1920 n'ụlọ ya na Witte Rozenstraat 57 na Leiden [nl], dị ka ọtụtụ mbinye aka na mgbidi na-egosi. Mgbe e mesịrị, Einstein hapụrụ Mahadum Princeton na Afanasyeva degaara akwụkwọ ozi. Ihe ndekọ nke Museum Boerhaave na Leiden nwere akwụkwọ ozi atọ o degaara ya site n'aka Einstein.

Afanasyeva-Ehrenfest kpọtụụrụ Einstein maka ndụmọdụ ya gbasara ihe odide ya na thermodynamics wee jụọ maka onye ntụgharị. Ọ chọrọ inye thermodynamics ntọala mgbakọ na mwepụ siri ike nke na-enweghị ma kọwaa nrụgide, okpomọkụ na entropy na usoro mgbanwe. Einstein zara na 12 Ọgọst 1947 na ọ toro ụzọ ya mana o nwekwara nkatọ ụfọdụ:

: "Ich habe den Eindruck bati, dass Sie ein bichen von logischen Putzteufel besessen sind, und dass daran die Übersichtlichkeit des Buches leide".

Einstein atụnyeghị onye ntụgharị ma zigaghachi ihe odide ahụ na Afanasyeva-Ehrenfest bụ onye kwụrụ onwe ya maka mbipụta ya na 1956 dị ka Die Grundlagen der Thermodynamik ya na Brill Publishers na Leiden na ụfọdụ, mana ọ bụghị mmezigharị Einstein niile.

## Ihe Nketa
Kansụl Physics nke Dutch na-akwado onyinye thesis Ehrenfest-Afanassjewa. 

## Ihe edeturu

## Ihe odide

## Ebe e si nweta ya

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## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

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* Tatiana Ehrenfest-Afanaseva CWP UCLA biography
* Paul na Tatiana Ehrenfest: The Conceptual Foundations of the Statistical Approach in Mechanics, nsụgharị Michael J. Moravesik, Dover publications New York 1990 (reprinted nke mbipụta nke 1959), na okwu mbido nke T. Ehrenfest-Afanassjewa. E debere ya na 24 Julaị 2015 na Wayback Machine*Archived24 Julaị 2015 naỤgbọ Mmiri Wayback*

Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations