open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ashraf Fahmy

**Ashraf Fahmy** bụ onye nduzi ihe nkiri Ijipt, nke na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri Ijipti kemgbe ngwụcha afọ 1960. E nyere ya otuto site na ịmalite ọrụ ya ma duzie ihe nkiri mbụ ya (The Killers - n'asụsụ Arabic: القتلة) nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri Salah Zulfikar na-eme nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma. Fahmy bụ onye nduzi nwere obi ike nke a na-ahụkarị na mmemme ihe nkiri n'ụwa niile, na mgbakwunye, o dere edemede nke ihe nkiri atọ gụnyere (Until The End of Lifetime), nke a na-ewere dị ka ihe nkiri ya a kachasị echeta.

## Ndụ agụmakwụkwọ mbụ
Ashraf Fahmy nwetara nzere Bachelor of Arts (History major) na Mahadum Cairo na 1961, mgbe ahụ ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Egyptian High Cinema Institute na Giza na 1963 iji malite ọrụ ya na ihe nkiri Egypt, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị ọ gụrụ Directing na Mahadim California site na 1964 ruo 1967.

## Mmalite dị ka onye nduzi
Fahmy rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nduzi na "National Center for Documentary Seetma", ọ duziri ihe nkiri mkpirikpi mbụ ya nke a kpọrọ A New Life ma nye ya ihe nrite maka ihe nkiri a na "Dok Leipzigfilm festival", wee rụọ ọrụ dị ka osote Fatin Abdel Wahab, Abduel Rahman Khamisi na Youssef Chahine, mgbe ahụ ọ duziri Ihe nkiri mbụ ya The Killers (1971).

## Ndụ onwe
A mụrụ Ashraf Fahmy ma zụlite ya na Cairo, ọ bụ nwa nwoke nke a mụrụ nye nna Ijipt nke ezinụlọ dị elu nke Cairo na nne Turkish. Ọ lụrụ nwanyị ugboro abụọ ma nwee otu nwa nwoke Mostafa Ashraf Fahmiطفى مصطفى أشرفي na ụmụ nwanyị abụọ Jala Fahmy جالا ڕاستي site na nne dị iche na Ingy, Ọ nwụrụ na mbido afọ 2001 n'oge ịwa ahụ obi na-ahapụ ihe ncheta na sinima Ijipt.

## Ihe nkiri
Ebe ọ bụ na ihe nkiri mbụ ya (The Killers - n'asụsụ Arabic: القتلة) nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri Egypt bụ Salah Zulfikar mere ka ọ nwee ihe ịga nke ọma na ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ nzọ, ihe nkiri ya nke afọ 1970s, 1980s na 1990s nyere ya aha dị ka onye nduzi nke ihe egwu. O sonyere na Cinema Council Adarhmassh na 1969, e wee họpụta ya dị ka Onye isi oche nke ndị nduzi nke Studios, Production na High investment na 1977. N'oge ọrụ ya niile, ọ duziri, dee ma mepụta ihe nkiri 50.

## Ihe nrite
Emume ihe nkiri Egypt, Middle East & International sọpụrụ Fahmy. Ihe nrite ya a ma ama bụ maka ihe nkiri *ndụ ọhụrụ* na mmemme ihe nkiri Dok Leipzig nke Leipzig, East Germany.

## Ihe nkiri

* **Onye edemede:**

## Ogbugbu nke Onyeikpe (1990)
## Ogbugbu Onye Nkụzi Ụlọ Akwụkwọ (1988)
## Ruo Ọgwụgwụ nke Ndụ (1975)

* **Onye na-emepụta:**

## Onye A Na-amaghị (1984)
## Nwanyị Nlekọta Ụlọ (1984)
## Nnyocha ahụ ka na-aga n'ihu (1979)

* **Onye nduzi**: 50 Films 

### Ihe nkiri

### Telivishọn

## Ebensidee

## Ebe e si nweta ya

* https://web.archive.org/web/20150713163252/http://www.africapedia.com/TOP-AFRICAN-FILM-DIRECTORS-IN-ALPHABETICAL-ORDER
* https://archive.today/20140303194208/http://www.aawsat.com/details.asp?issueno=8070&article=23445%23.UxOONV69BCY
* http://www.elcinema.com/person/pr1096229/
Mark Thomas Gibson

**Mark Thomas Gibson** (amụrụ n'afọ 1980, Miami, FL) bụ ónyé America na-ese ihe nkírí na-arụ ọrụ na eserese, mbipụta, ink, na mmiri. Ọrụ Gibson na-enyocha nnọchite anya Black na United States site na iji usoro ihe ọchị.

## Agụmakwụkwọ
Gibson natara B.F.A. ya site na The Cooper Union na M.F.a. ya site n'ụlọ akwụkwọ Yale School of Art na eserese na óbìbì akwụkwọ na 2013, ébé ọ natara Ely Harwood Schless Memorial Fund Award.

## Ihe osise
Gibson na-elekwasị ányà n'iji asụsụ nke ihe ọchị dị ka ngwá ọrụ màkà ikpe ziri ezi. Ọrụ ya na-agụnye akwụkwọ akụkọ na-ese onyinyo, nke nwéré ihe osise ojii na nke ọcha, na ihe osise mara mma sitere na ihe oyiyi ahọrọ site na akwụkwọ ya. Nkwupụta ónyé na-ese ihe nke Gibson na-akọwa nhọrọ na ọhụụ ya: ile omenala America anya site n'echiche dị iche iche dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri nwoke ojii, prọfesọ, onye na-anụ ọkụ n'obi akụkọ ihe mere eme nke America na onye na-atọ ọchị. Ọtụtụ echiche ndị a na-agbagwoju anya na-akwalite nchọpụta m banyere ọdịbendị America site na asụsụ dị elu na nke dị ala nke eserese na ihe ọchị iji kpughee akụkọ nke na-akọwa mbibi anyị chepụtara echepụta. Ink ojii na ụcha siri ike n'ọrụ m na-emepụta ọdịiche dị ukwuu nke ohere dị mma na nke na-adịghị mma na-akọwa ihe mejupụtara. Ana m adabere na obere ihe márá mma, na-egwuri egwu ma ọmarịcha nka na akwụkwọ na-atọ ọchị nke akụkọ na-aga n'ihu. N'ọrụ niile, ana m agbalị ime ka ìhè pụta ìhè na ihe ọjọọ na ihe siri ike nke mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke America nke ógè a.

Mmetụta ya gụnyere ndị na-eme ihe ọchị Dwayne McDuffie, na Jim Steranko, yana ndị nduzi ihe nkiri Stanley Kubrick na Alfred Hitchcock.

## Onyinye
Ely Harwood Schless Memorial Fund Award 2013, Yale School of Art Yale Norfolk Assistantship 2012, nke Samuel Messer, Associate Dean nyere

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Reginald K. Gee

Reginald K. Gee (April 28, 1964) bụ ónyé na-ese ihe, ónyé édémédé na onye na-eti egwu. E gosipụtara usoro ihe osise akpa akwụkwọ na-acha nchara nchara (1995-2002) na nyocha afọ 25 na David Barnett Gallery.

## Oge ọ malitere
A mụrụ Reginald K Gee na 1964 na Milwaukee, Wisconsin ma nọrọ ihe ka ukwuu n'oge ọ bụ nwata n'akụkụ ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ na mpaghara Havenwoods. Gee bụ onye Afrịka na Native-American (Blackfoot / Choctaw). Ọ bụ nwa ikpeazụ n'ime ụmụnne atọ. Nné na nnà Gee si Mississippi, ébé ezinụlọ nne ya na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị na-ekere òkè. Nna Gee, Hamilton R. Gee, bụ onye agha nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ nke bịara Milwaukee na 1950s ịrụ ọrụ maka International Harvester. Nne Gee, Ethel L. Gardner Gee, bụ ónyé na-akwa ákwà nke lara ezumike nká na American Motors Corporation. Na mbido ndụ ya, Gee gosipụtara nkà nka ya na Byron Kilbourn Elementary School.

## Ọrụ nka
Ihe ngosi nka izizi nké Gee mèrè na Febụwarị 1988 n'oge ngosi na Dean Jensen Gallery na Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Isiokwu Gee gụnyere ndị egwu jazz, ọdịdị ala, ọdịdị mmiri, romance, fantasy na nkọwa mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. N'oge mmalite afọ 1990, egosiri nka Gee na Baltimore Folk & Visionary Art Show, New York Outsider Art Fair na National Black Fine Art Show na Puck Building na New York City. N'afọ 2002, a họọrọ ihe osise abụọ nke Gee, The Honest Crowdī na Inspirationī màkà 2002 Smithsonian Traveling Exhibition, In the Spirit of Martin: The Living Legacy of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.ī A họọrọ ihe nkírí ọzọ nke Gee, Ban Ban nke ụtaba, ©ī 1998, màkà mkpọsa megide ịṅụ sịga nke American Lung Association kwadoro.

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Artnet.com
* MulticulturalArt.com
* Ụlọ ngosi ihe nkiri David Barnett
* Ụlọ ọrụ jikọtara ya na nka
* Agape Ịhụnanya Bible College.com
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Tatyana Fazlalizadeh

**Tatyana Fazlalizadeh** (amụrụ n'afọ 1985) bụ ónyé America na-ese ihe, ónyé na-eme ihe, na onye na-ese onyinyo n'onwe ya. A maara ya nke ọma dị ka onye mepụtara mkpọsa na ihe ngosi nka Stop Telling Women to Smile .

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Fazlalizadeh na Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Nne ya bụ onye na-ese ihe na onye nkuzi nka, mana Tatyana amaliteghị ịmepụta nka nke ya ruo mgbè ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. Ọ kwagara Philadelphia ịga Mahadum nke Arts, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 2007 na Bachelor of Fine Arts. Ọ bụ ónyé ísì ojii na ónyé Iran.

## Ọrụ

### Ụdị na ọrụ
Fazlalizadeh bụ ónyé na-ese ihe na mmanụ. E tinyere ọrụ ya nke gosipụtara Barack Obama n'akwụkwọ Art For Obama: Designing Manifest Hope and the Campaign for Change, nke ónyé na-ese ihe Shepard Fairey dezigharịrị. A maara ya nke ọma màkà mkpọsa ya Stop Telling Women to Smile.

### Ọrụ ndị e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya
N'afọ 2020, Fazlalizadeh mepụtara usoro mural na New York City nkè gosipụtara foto Breonna Taylor, Atatiana Jefferson, Tony McDade, na Nina Pop dị ka akụkụ nke ọrụ ya na-ekwu màkà ime ihe ike agbụrụ na transphobic.

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Walter Ellison

**Walter Ellison** (1899-1977) bụ ónyé Africa America na-ese ihe, amụrụ na steeti Georgia.

Ọ bụ ezie na Agha Obodo America agwụla na 1865, ndị Africa America ka na-eche ọtụtụ ihe isi ike ihu na mmalite nké narị afọ, ọtụtụ n'ime ha hapụrụ South wee kwaga North na-achọ ohere ka mmá; Ellison bụ otu n'ime ndị ha.

## Oge ọ malitere
A mụrụ ya na Eatonton, Georgia, dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ na ndekọ ederede si kwuo Ellison bụ ónyé ọrụ ụgbọ. Ọ dị afọ iri na asatọ mgbe United States kpebiri ịbanye n'Agha Ụwa Mbụ na Europe na 1917 na mbata si Europe gaa United States fọrọ nke nta ka ọ kwụsị. N'ihi nke ahụ, n'etiti 1916 na 1970 nde mmadụ asaá nke ndị Africa America hapụrụ South gaa North, n'ihe a maara dị ka Great Migration, na ihe dị ka ọkara nde ha na-aga Chicago na-achọ ọrụ na ohere ọhụrụ. Ellison banyèrè ụgbọ okporo ígwè gaa Chicago na mbido afọ 1920 na-achọ agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ.

## Ihe osise na ọrụ
A maara Ellison nke ọma màkà ọrụ ndị dị nso nke na-ekpughe ndụ onwé onye na ahụmịhe ndị Afrịka America si n'ime ime obodo South kwaga n'ọbọdọ ndị dị n'ebe ugwu n'etiti Agha Ụwa Mbụ na nke Abụọ.

Ihe osise ya a ma ama, Train Station, nke e mere na Art Institute nke Chicago, na-egosi ndị ọcha n'otu akụkụ nke ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè, nkè a maara dị ka ndị nọ na Macon, Georgia, ndị na-aga n'ebe ndịda maka ezumike okomoko, na ndị Africa America na-ebu akpa ha, na ndị Afrịka America n'akụkụ nke ọzọ nke ikpo okwu ahụ, na-ebu ibu nke ha, na-abanye ụgbọ okporo ígwè màkà North na mmalite ọhụrụ.

## Edensibia
Janiva Ellis

**Janiva Ellis** (amụrụ n'afọ 1987) bụ ónyé America na-ese ihe nke bi na Brooklyn, NY na Los Angeles, CA. Ellis na-emekarị ihe osise ihe atụ nké na-enyocha ahụmịhe ụmụ nwanyị Africa-America.

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ ya na Oakland, California, Ellis kwagara Hawaii mgbè ọ dị afọ 7, na-agagharị n'etiti agwaetiti Kauai na Oahu. N'ịbụ ónyé nne ya na-acha ọcha zụlitere, na steeti nwere obéré ndị isi ojii, Ellis na-eji ọrụ nka ya nyochaa ma nyochaa mgbagwoju anya agbụrụ dị mgbagwoju ike nke ịzụlite ya. Ellis gụrụ ihe osise na California College of the Arts na San Francisco, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 2012.

## Ọrụ nka
Ellis na-akọwa ihe osise ya dị ka ọ bụghị naanị mgbalị ịgwa ụmụ nwanyị na-abụghị ndị isi ojii ahụmahụ m, kamakwa ịkpọ ụmụ nwanyị ojii ndị ọzọ, ị na-eche nke a, kwa? Ndị nkatọ etoola Ellis maka nrụgide psychoanalytic na ihe osise ya. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ihe osise ahụ na-etinye ihe nnọchianya okpukpe; dị ka ụmụ atụrụ ma ọ bụ ndị mmụọ ozi, na-ezo aka na Canon nke ihe osise okpukpe. N'afọ 2017, Ellis gosipụtara "Lick Shot" na 47 Canal, ihe ngosi mbụ ya na New York City. N'afọ 2018, Ellis sonyere na New Museum Triennial - ːSongs for Sabotage. A gụnyere Ellis na 2019 Whitney Biennial nkè Rujeko Hockley na Jane Panetta haziri.

### Ihe ngosi ndị a họọrọ

* 2017 - "Ị na-ejide ụgbọelu ndị ọzọ na Arsenic karịa Honey - Club Pro, Los Angeles, California
* 2017 - "Cabin Fever" - BBQLA, Los Angeles California
* 2017 - Lick Shotń - 47 Canal, New York City
* 2017 - Na-akpụ Anya Gị - Karma International, Los Angeles, California
* 2018 - Ihe osise: Ugbu a na ebighi ebi, Akụkụ nke Atọ - Greene Naftali, New York City
* 2018 - Triennial: Abụ maka Mmebi - New Museum, New York City
* 2019 - Whitney Biennial 2019, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York City

### Onyinye

* Rema Hort Mann Foundation Grant, 2018
* Ihe nrite Stanley Hollander, 2018

## Ihe odide

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
David Driskell

thumb|Mahadum Maryland, College Park Art Gallery mere emume ncheta afọ 50 ya na Febụwarị 24, 2016, na ihe ngosi nka a na-agaghị echefu echefu. N'etiti ndị bịara bụ Onye isi ala Wallace Loh na nwunye ya, Barbara, n'aka ekpe; na Prọfesọ. David C. Driskell, tinyere Prọfesọ. Dagmar R. Henney, n'aka nri. Foto nkwanye ùgwù nke University of Maryland Art Gallery, nke ejiri ya na ikike.
**David C. Driskell** (June 7, 1931 eprel 1, 2020) bụ ónyé America na-ese ihe, ọkà mmụta na ónyé nlekọta; a maara ya maka ọrụ ya n'ịmepụta nka Africa-America dị ka mpaghara ọmụmụ dị iche. N'oge ndụ ya, a kpọtụrụ Driskell aha dị ka otu n'ime ndị isi ụwa na-ahụ maka nka Africa na America. Driskell nwèrè utu aha nke Distinguished University Professor of Art, Emeritus, na Mahadum Maryland, College Park.

## ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ David Clyde Driskell na 1931 na Eatonton, Georgia, nwa George Washington Driskell, onye ụkọchukwu Baptist, na Mary Cloud Driskell، ónyé na-elekọta ụlọ. A mụrụ nna nna ya, William Driskell, n'ohu n'afọ 1862, ma kụziere onwé ya ozizi Metọdist, na-aghọ onye ozi.   Mgbe David Driskell dị afọ ise, ya na ezinụlọ ya kwagara Appalachia na ọdịda anyanwụ North Carolina, ébé ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.

## Ọrụ

### Ịkụzi Ihe
Mgbè ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ ọtụtụ afọ na Talladega College na Alabama, ọ gara n'ihu nweta nzèrè Master of Fine Arts na Mahadum Katọlik na 1962.

Ọ bụ osote prọfesọ nké nka na Mahadum Howard site na 1963 ruo 1964. N'afọ 1964, o nwèrè fellowship na Netherlands Institute for Art History na The Hague.

David C. Driskell: Artist and Scholar nke Julie L. McGee, akwụkwọ na-akọwapụta ndụ na ọrụ Driskell, e bipụtara na 2006.

### Ọrụ nhazi
N'ime afọ iri asaa ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na onye na-ahụ maka nka, Driskell nyere onyinye ndị a na-ewere dị ka ntọala na ngalaba nke nka Africa America. Ọ haziri ihe ngosi 35 nke ọrụ ndị na-ese ihe ojii, gụnyere Jacob Lawrence, Romare Bearden, na Elizabeth Catlett.

Driskell mepụtara ọrụ nka gụnyere eserese, eserese, collage na printmaking, na-ejikọkarị ha n'ịmepụta ọrụ mgbasa ozi ngwakọta. Ọrụ ya na-esiri ike ịhazi n'ihi ọdịiche nke ọrụ nka ya, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ ma n'ụzọ na-enweghị atụ ma n'ihe atụ, yana iji ihe dịgasị iche iche gụnyere ihe osise mmanụ, acrylic, egg tempera, gouache, ink, akara, na collage, na akwụkwọ na ákwà a gbatịrị agbatị na agbatị agbatị. Isiokwu nke ọrụ ya sitere na foto nke ndị na-agụ egwu jazz, chi na ememe ndị Afrịka, ndụ obodo, na ọdịdị ala gburugburu ụlọ ya n'oge ọkọchị na Maine.

## Edensibia
John E. Dowell Jr.

**John Edward Dowell Jr**. (amụrụ na Machị 25, 1941 na Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) bụ onye America na-ebi akwụkwọ, etcher, lithographer, painter, na prọfesọ nké óbìbì akwụkwọ na Tyler School of Art na Mahadum Temple.

## Ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Dowell na Philadelphia, ma too n'ụlọ óbíbí n'ebe ahụ. Dị ka nwatakịrị, ya na nwanne ya nwoke nyochara nka site na iṅomi ọrụ na Lone Ranger comics.

Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Tyler School of Art na Mahadum Temple, ebe ónyé na-ese ihe Rudolf Staffel duziri ya. Ọ zụkwara nkà obibi akwụkwọ ya na Tamarind Institute na Los Angeles, CA, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ónyé na-ebi akwụkwọ. Ọrụ ya nwèrè mmetụta nke ndị na-eme ihe ngosi Willem de Kooning, Philip Guston, na Jackson Pollock na ndị egwu jazz dị ka Miles Davis, Archie Shepp, na Cecil Taylor.

## Ọrụ
A maara Dowell nke ọma màkà ọrụ ndị metụtara egwu. Ọ na-elekwasịkarị anya na ihe ngosi ányá nke uri na egwu, ọkachasị jazz. Na ngwụcha afọ 1980, o lekwasịrị anya na nka metụtara okpukpe voodoo. Ọrụ ndị a sitere n'ike mmụọ na mmụọ voodoo.

Dowell enwetala ọtụtụ onyinye màkà ọrụ ya, gụnyere onyinye James Van Der Zee site na Brandywine Workshop, na enyemaka site na National Endowment for the Arts.

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Patrick Dougher

**Patrick Dougher** bụ ónyé na-ese ihe, onye na-eti egwu, na onye na-agwọ ọrịa nka nke amụrụ na King's County Hospital ma zụlite na Brooklyn, New York, na-etolite na mpaghara Bushwick ruo mgbè ọ dị afọ 10. E gosipụtara ya na usoro Humans of New York .

## Ọrụ egwu
Dougher malitere ịkpọ ụbọ akwara mgbè ọ dị afọ iri na asaá ma rụọ ọrụ ma dekọọ dị ka ónyé na-akụ ụbọ. Ọ na-egwuri egwu na ndị egwu ska Boilers na Toasters, na-egere Sade, na-edekọ ya na Easy Star All-Stars, ma na-egwú na CBGB, Roxy, Webster Hall, na ebe ndị ọzọ.

## Agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ ọgwụgwọ nka
Dị ka ónyé na-agwọ ọrịa nka, Dougher na ụmụaka na-arịa ọrịa HIV na AIDS na King's County Hospital na mbido afọ 2000. Dị ka ónyé nkuzi, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ ndị ntorobịa na Ngalaba Mmụta nke New York City na dị ka onye na-akụzi ihe na Project Reach na Studio na ụlọ akwụkwọ; ọ na-eje ozi dị ka ónyé nduzi nkụzi maka BRIC Arts Media.

## Ọrụ ime ihe nkiri
Dougher rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpà na "Brooklyn 63," nke Ping Chong 651 Arts mepụtara na 2014. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka ónyé na-ede uri, na-eji uri ya akatọ mmepe nke mpaghara Brooklyn.

## Ọrụ nka
Ọrụ nka Dougher malitere mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii na New York City, n'oge ngwụcha afọ 1970, dị ka ónyé na-enyere aka na SoHo. A maara ya nke ọma maka "Art Cans" ya, nkè na-eji ite aluminum dị larịị ma na-adabere na nka ọdịnala Afrịka yana nka Xerox.

### Ihe ngosi ndị a họọrọ

* "Chineke ahụ," MoCADA, November 8 - December 22, 2019
* "Art and Lit," (ihe ngosi otu), South Africa, June 2019
* "DWU History Exhibition," ARTs East New York Gallery, Jenụwarị 2019

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Yvonne Shortt

**Yvonne Shortt** (amụrụ na Disemba 5, 1972 na Queens, New York) bụ onye na-ahụ ụzọ na-adịghị ahụ ụzọ nke African American social practice installation artist. Ọrụ ya gụnyere ihe osise, ntinye, ihe ọkpụkpụ, na foto. E gosipụtara ọrụ Shortt na ebe ngosi ihe mgbè ochie na ogige ntụrụndụ ọha na eze na New York City, ma na-ekwu màkà isiokwu dị iche iche, gụnyere ịha nhata, nkwarụ, ọbọdọ, na agbụrụ.

## Agụmakwụkwọ
Shortt nwèrè Master of Science - MS, Mathematics site na Mahadum New York.

## Ọrụ

### Ogige Ihe A tụrụ atụ nke Elmhurst
N'afọ 2017, Shortt guzobere Elmhurst Sculpture Garden n'ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala na Elmhurest, Queens, New York site n'enyemaka nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo na ndị na-ese ihe. Site na ego ọzọ site na Burning Man Global Arts Grant na 2017 na National Endowment of the Arts Grant na 2018, ogige ọbọdọ ahụ nwere ike ịgbasawanye na oghere mpaghara. N'okpuru nduzi Shortt, ogige ahụ na-eje ozi dị ka ebe nka màkà ndị na-ese ihe iji gosipụta ihe ha, yana ịnata nduzi n'inweta onyinye iji mee ka oghere ọha na eze dịghachi ndụ na ọbọdọ ha.

### Ihe osise ọha na eze

#### ''Akụkụ Peppermint'' na ''Ịkpọ'' Ụtọ ìsì
N'afọ 2018, Shortt mepụtara iberibe abụọ sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ ya site na ọnọdụ retinitis pigmentosa. A họpụtara ya iji gosipụta otu n'ime *ihe osise* ya n'èzí, Peppermint Pieces, dị ka *akụkụ* nke Art in the Parks: Active Open Space initiative, nke Public Health na New York, Inc. na-akwado maka Ngalaba Ahụike na Mental Hygiene nke New York City, na mmekorita ya na City of New York Parks and Recreation. Peppermint Pieces bụ mpempe akwụkwọ multimedia nke e ji osisi na aluminum mee na ngosi na Captain Tilly Park na Jamaica. Ihe osise simenti nke Shortt, Waking Blind, sikwa n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke ọnọdụ ányá ónyé na-ese ihe, nkè egosiri na Elmhurst Sculpture Garden.

### Ụmụ nwanyị Na-ewu - Ndị Na-ese Ihe Ndị Nwere
N'afọ 2016, Shortt duziri ọrụ nyocha nke nyochara ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị, ma ọ bụ enweghị ya, na ụlọ ọrụ iwu ihe. Site na ego nkè Awesome Foundation, Queens Council on the Arts, na Culture Push nyèrè, yana nkwado ọzọ sitere na Eileen Fisher Activating Leadership Grant, Shortt kewara ọrụ ahụ n'akụkụ abụọ. Nzọụkwụ mbụ gụnyere usoro ọmụmụ ihe owuwu, ébé a kụziiri ihe karịrị ụmụ nwanyị 100 nkà íwú ihe na njikwa ngwá ọrụ. Nzọụkwụ mbụ mechiri site n'ịmepụta obéré ụlọ na wiil, nke a na-eji ugbu a dị ka tii na ogige zen.

## Ihe odide

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Georgia Speller

**Georgia Speller** (1931-1987) bụ ónyé Africa America na-ese ihe nke a maara màkà ihe osise ya mara mma, nke dị ike na ihe osise na akwụkwọ.

## Oge ọ malitere
Speller tolitere dị ka nwa nwanyị nke onye na-akpụ ihe n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Mississippi, n'ọbọdọ a na-akpọ Aberdeen. Ọ mụtara ise ihe mgbè ọ dị obere, mana ọ nụchaghị ọrụ ya ruo mgbè di ya Henry Speller, ónyé bụkwa onye na-ese ihe, gbara ya ume ime ya.

## Ọrụ
Ọ bụ ezie na ọrụ ya jupụtara na ihe osise ụlọ na ihe osisa nke ụlọ, ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè, na ọbọdọ, ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ọrụ ya gụnyere ihe ngosi, ihe nkiri na-atọ ụtọ nke oriri na nkwari. Orgies ndị a na-eme n'èzí oge, mgbé mgbè na ọnwa na anyanwụ n'otu oge na mbara igwe. Ụmụ nwanyị na-abụkarị ndị na-achịkwa, ma ọ bụ ma ọ dịkarịa ala na-abara ibe ha uru, ndị mmekọ gosipụtara na ọrụ Speller. Onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Xenia Zed na-enyocha ọrụ ya dị ka "onye na-eme mgbanwe nke ụmụ nwanyị nke afọ iri itoolu; ndị na-egosipụta mmekọahụ nke afọ iri isii na iri asaa; ányá ịhụnanya / agụụ mmekọahụ / pornographic; ihe nnọchianya nke nwere ike ịdị site na echiche banyéré njigide Africa na psychoanalysis. "

## Nchịkọta
A gụnyere ọrụ ya na nchịkọta nke Metropolitan Museum of Art, High Museum of Art.
Eve Sandler

**Eve Sandler** bụ ónyé America na-ese ihe, onye na-eme ihe nkírí na ónyé na-ese ọtụtụ mgbasa ozi n'ụdị Abstract Expressionism. Sandler, amụrụ na Harlem, bụ nwa nwanyị nke ónyé na-ese ihe na Harlem Alvin Sandler na nwanne nwanyị nke ónyé ọrụ ihe nkiri Kathe Sandler.

Ihe ngosi multimedia nke Sandler "Mami Wata Crossing" bụ akụkụ nkè ihe ngosi 2008, "Mami wata: Arts for Water Spirits in Africa and Its Diasporas" na Fowler Museum. Ọrụ ahụ nyochara njikọ dị n'etiti chi nwanyị mmírí pan-African Mami Wata, usoro ọmụmụ na akụkụ etiti.

Sandler bụ akụkụ nkè otu Black Women Artists, tinyere Carole Byard, Nanette Carter na Howardena Pindell. Sandler bụ ónyé bi na 1990-1991 na Studio Museum na Harlem. E gosipụtara ọrụ ya na ụlọ ọrụ dịka The Bronx Museum of the Arts .

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Elizabeth Talford Scott

**Elizabeth Talford Scott** (February 7, 1916 eprel 25, 2011) bụ ónyé America na-ese ihe, nke a maara màkà akwa ya.

## Oge ọ malitere
A mụrụ Elizabeth Caldwell na nso Chester, South Carolina, ebe ezinụlọ ya bírí dị ka ndị na-ekere òkè na Blackstock Plantation, n'ala ebe nné na nnà ya ochie ghọrọ ohu.  Ọ bụ nwa nke isii n'ime ụmụ iri na anọ (ụmụnne nwoke asaa na ụmụnne nwanyị asaa) nke Mary Jane na Samuel Caldwell mụrụ, na nwanyị nke atọ. Elizabeth tolitere n'ezinụlọ ndị omenkà na-eme ite, ígwè, basketry, quilting na ịkpa akwa. Ha bụkwa ndị na-akọ akụkọ. Nne na nna ya abụọ na-eme akwa, Elizabeth mụtara akwa mgbè ọ dị afọ itoolu. Nna ya bụ onye na-arụ ọrụ n'ụgbọ okporo ígwè nke na-anakọta ihe mkpofu ákwà na njem ya, ọ na-ejikwa ihe okike na-acha ihe mkpofu ahụ nke o ji mkpụrụ osisi na ụrọ mee. N'afọ 1940, n'oge Nnukwu Migration, Elizabeth kwagara n'ebe ugwu Baltimore, Maryland iji zere nkwenye na ịchọ ohere akụ na ụba ka ukwuu.

## Ọtụ
Na Baltimore, Elizabeth Talford Scott rụrụ ọrụ ogologo ógè dị ka onye na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ, onye na-elekọta ụmụaka, na ónyé na-esi nri, ma kwụsị ịkpa ákwà site na 1940-1970. Mgbè ọ lara ezumike nká n'ọrụ ndị ọzọ a, Elizabeth malitere ịkpa ákwà ọzọ, n'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ mepụtara ụdị ya pụrụ iche nke gbasaa n'elu ihe ejiji ọdịnala nke ọ mụtara n'aka ezinụlọ ya. Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ, akwa ọhụrụ ndị a na-ejikarị akwa, appliqué, ọrụ bead, sequins, net plastik na ihe ndị a chọtara dị ka nkume, bọtịnụ na mkpokoro. Akpụkpọ ahụ ya gbanwere n'ime ihe ndị dị omimi, na-abụkarị ihe na-adịghị ahụ anya na nke na-enweghị atụ, na-ezo aka na ememe ezinụlọ, akụkọ onwe onye, na gburugburu ime ọbọdọ nke nwata ya. Elizabeth na-eme ihe ọmụmụ na ngosipụta mgbe niile, ma na-arụkọ ọrụ ugboro ugboro na nwa ya nwanyị, onye na-ese ihe Joyce J. Scott, iji kụziere ụmụ akwụkwọ banyere ọrụ ya. E gosipụtara akwa Elizabeth Talford Scott na Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Walters Art Museum, Baltimore Museum of Art, na New York na Museum of Biblical Art, Studio Museum of Harlem, Museum of American Folk Art, na Metropolitan Museum of Art.

## Ndụ onwe onye na ihe nketa
Na 1940 mgbe ọ kwagara Baltimore, Elizabeth Caldwell zutere ma lụọ Charlie Scott, Jr. si Durham, NC. Ha nwere otu nwá nwanyị, onye na-ese ihe Joyce J. Scott (b. 1948). Mgbè Joyce dị afọ iri na abụọ, Elizabeth na Charlie kewara. Charlie Scott Jr. nwụrụ n'afọ 2005. Elizabeth na Joyce nọgidere na-ebi na Baltimore ruo mgbè Elizabeth nwụrụ mgbè ọ dị afọ 95 na 2011.

## Ihe odide
Cheryl R. Riley

thumb|Ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii Bayview Lobby (1991-1997) San Francisco, CA. Maasai Warrior Shield Sconces, Akamba Inlay Floor, Granary Bobo Bench.
**Cheryl R. Riley** (amụrụ n'afọ 1952) bụ ónyé America na-ese ihe na ónyé na-emepụta ụlọ. Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ya bụ cherylrriley.com/

## Ọrụ

### Ngwongwo
thumb|Zulu Renaissance Writing Table for a Lady (1995-96) Nke onye nlekọta Aaron Betsky nyere iwu maka nchịkọta na-adịgide adịgide nke San Francisco Museum of Modern Art.
Riley chụpụrụ ọrụ na mgbasa ozi na ejiji tupu ọ lekwasị anya na imewe. N'afọ 1986, Riley guzobere Right Angle Designs na San Francisco, malite site na imepụta na imepụta oche. A na-ekwu na ọ bụ otu n'ime naanị ndị na-emepụta ihe n'Afrịka America iji guzobe áhà mbà màkà imepụta ụlọ ya.
alt=|thumb|Coin Encrusted Tudor Tables III & IV (1992) Nke onye nlekọta David McFadden nyere iwu maka nchịkọta na-adịgide adịgide nke Smithsonian Cooper-Hewitt Design Museum.
thumb|''Sunburst na Starburst Dining Chairs'' (1994) nke Curator Kenneth Trapp nyere iwu maka nchịkọta na-adịgide adịgide nke Oakland Museum, CA.
A na-egosipụta ọrụ ụlọ ya ma na-egosiputa ya na ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na United States, gụnyere Coin Encrusted Tudor Tables II & III (1992) na Cooper Hewitt National Design Museum, *Sunburst* and Starburst Chairs (1994) na de Medici Cabinets (1994) na Oakland Museum of California, Zulu Renaissance Writing Table for a Lady (1995) na Hunterakuba (1994-1998) na San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, na B Griffin Dining Table (1992) na The Mint Museum na Charlotte, NC.
thumb|deʹMedici Sideboard II (1994) Nke onye nlekọta Kenneth Trapp nyere iwu maka nchịkọta na-adịgide adịgide ''nke'' Oakland Museum, CA.
E gosipụtara ọrụ óche Riley n'ihe karịrị ihe ngosi 60 na United States na ọtụtụ ihe ngosi onwé ónyé na New York na California, gụnyere Smithsonian's Cooper-Hewitt Design Museum na 1993.

### Ọrụ Ndị Ọzọ
thumb|Bakuba Griffin Dining Table (1992) Zụrụ na 1998 site n'aka Curator Mark Leash maka nchịkọta na-adịgide adịgide nke Mint Museum of Architecture & Design, Charlotte, NC.
thumb|Akwụkwọ mpịakọta nke mbipụta dị mkpirikpi nke afọ 2020 E kere ya site na ihe osise nke USTA "Be Open Initiative" nyere iwu maka azụ oche na Arthur Ashe Stadium, Flushing, NY.
thumb|A na-akpọ ya: A na-eji mgbanwe site na A na-agụ ya (9 3/4" X 6 1/2) nyocha nke matriarchy, nkwurịta okwu na omenala ọdịbendị nke a sụgharịrị na gouache na ink ígwè na ibe sitere na encyclopedia nke 1957.

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Tanea Richardson

**Tanea Richardson** bụ onye America na-ese ihe nke a maara màkà nchịkọta ya na ihe ọkpụkpụ ya. Richardson egosila ọrụ ya na Studio Museum na Harlem, EFA Project Space nké Elizabeth Foundation for the Arts, na Museum of Contemporary African Diasporan Arts (MoCADA), na Brooklyn, New York.

Richardson na-eji ihe ndị a na-ahụ kwà ụbọchị dị ka wires na eriri nkwukọrịta iji kee ákwà, ọrụ ahụ bụ nkọwa banyéré ọrụ ọdịnala ụmụ nwanyị na nghọta ọha mmadụ banyéré ahụ ụfọdụ site na ákwà na asụsụ. Roberta Smith nke *New York Times* kọwara akụkụ mgbidi ya na Studio Museum na Harlem na 2008, "Na mbụ, ha yiri ka ha maara nke ọma, mana ha ji nwayọọ nwayọọ ghọọ ihe pụrụ iche na ihe jọgburu onwé ya. "

Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na mmemme Ryman Arts na Los Angeles na Mahadum Stanford, ọ gàrà ụlọ akwụkwọ nka nke Mahadum Yale site na 2005.

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Mary L. Proctor

"Missionary" Mary L. Proctor (amụrụ n'afọ 1960) bụ **ónyé** America na-ese ihe, nke a maara nke ọma màkà ihe osise ọhụụ ya, collages, na assemblages.

## Oge ọ malitere
A mụrụ Mary Proctor (née Cooksey) na 1960 na Pauline Cooksey na Lloyd, Florida. Nné ya dị afọ iri na otu enweghị ike ilekọta ya, ya mèrè nné na nnà ya zụlitere ya. Nne nne ya bụ onye Africa-America na-elekọta ụlọ na nna nna ya bụ onye ọrụ ugbo ọcha. Proctor gara ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze ruo mgbè ọ tụụrụ ime na klas nke itoolu. Mgbè ahụ, ọ were ọrụ ịzụlite ụmụnne ya ndị obéré.

### Alụmdi na nwunye
Mgbè ọnwụ nna nna ya, na ọgụ nné nné ya na ịṅụbiga mmanya ókè, Mary zutere ma lụọ Tyrone Proctor. Ha abụọ kwagara Tallahassee, Florida.

### Ọrụ mmalite
Mgbè ọ rụchara ọrụ n'ọhịa ndị nọọsụ ruo afọ iri, Proctor meghere Tender Loving Care Day Care Center ma bụrụ ónyé nwe ya ruo afọ ise. N'ịchọ 'ihe dị mfe' Proctor malitere ịnakọta ihe site n'akụkụ ụzọ iji ree na ahịa flea dị n'ógbè ahụ. N'ikpeazụ, ọ meghere ụlọ ahịa nke ya, "Noah's Ark Flea Market". Ịchịkọta ihe ka bụ ihe ntụrụndụ ya.

### Ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ihe
N'afọ 1994, ọkụ gbara ụlọ gbùrù nne nne Proctor, nwanne nne ya na nwanne nna ya. Proctor na-ekwu na o nwèrè ọhụụ ozugbo tupu ọkụ ahụ emee ebe ọ "... hụrụ ìhè na-aga n'eluigwe". Mgbè ọkụ ahụ gasịrị na 1995, Proctor kwuru na o nwere ọhụụ n'oge ekpere nke gwara ya ka ọ "Pint". Ọhụụ ndị a kpaliri ya ịmalite ịchụso ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe. Ihe mbụ ya bụ foto, nke e sere n'ọnụ ụzọ, nke ndị ezinụlọ ya nwụrụ n'ọkụ ahụ. O debere ha n'ihu ụlọ ya ebe ha dọtara uche ónyé nlekọta na onye nkatọ Tricia Collins, onye zụrụ ha maka gallery ya na New York.

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:1960 births
Naomi Polk

**Naomi Polk** (1892 May 1, 1984) bụ ónyé America na-ese ihe.

## Mbido ndụ na akụkọ ezinụlọ
A mụrụ Naomi Polk (née Howard) na 1892 [ebe?] na Woodson na Josephine (née ) . Ọ sitere na Cherokees n'akụkụ nnà ya na ndị ohu Africa n'akụkụ nné ya. Ọ gara Gregory School na Booker T Washington School na Houston tupu ọ kwụsị iji nyéré aka zụlite ụmụ nwanne ya. Ọ tolitere na Fourth Ward na Acres Homes, mgbe ahụ ọ bụ mpaghara Houston.

## Ndụ onwe onye
Polk lụrụ Bill Myers, ónyé ya na ya mụrụ ụmụ atọ tupu ónyé uwe ojii Dallas egbuo ya na 1933.

## Ọrụ
Polk kwagara Acres Homes, n'afọ ndị 1950 mgbè ọ ka bụ mpaghara Houston. Ọrụ nka na ide ihe nke ndụ ya tụfuru ya mgbe ụlọ ya gbara ọkụ n'ebe ahụ na 1961. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ ọtụtụ afọ na-anwa imezigharị ihe osise na uri furu efu n'ọkụ. O dekwara usoro ihe osise mmírí a na-akpọ Lonesome Road. O gosighị ọrụ nka ya n'oge ndụ ya.

## Ọnwụ na ihe nketa
Polk nwụrụ na Houston na Mee 1, 1984.

Ihe ngosi nke ọrụ ya pụtara mgbè ọ nwụsịrị. Diverse Works na Leslie Muth Gallery na Houston gosipụtara ọrụ ya. Ihe ngosi njem "Handmade and Heartfelt: Folk Art in Texas" gosipụtara nka ya na 1987.  A na-edebe akwụkwọ ya na Houston Metropolitan Research Center.

## Edensibia
Delilah Pierce

**Delilah Williams Pierce** (March 3, 1904 - 1992) bụ ónyé Africa America na-ese ihe, onye nlekọta na ónyé nkụzi nke bi na Washington, District of Columbia . A maara Pierce nke ọma màkà ịkwado nka ndị Africa America na ihe nlereanya ya na ụdị eserese ya, abstraction.

Otu n'ime ọrụ ya dị na nchịkọta na-adịgide adịgide nkè Smithsonian Museum of American Art.

Otu ọnwa tupu ọnwụ ya na 1992, ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta nsọpụrụ na Mahadum nke District of Columbia, Washington, DC (DHL). Ọ kwadoro agụmakwụkwọ ọbọdọ.

## Edensibia
Synthia Saint James

**Synthia Saint James** (amụrụ na Febụwarị 11, 1949) bụ ónyé America na-ese ihe nkírí, onye edemede, onye isi okwu, na ónyé nkụzi. A maara ya nke ọma maka imepụta ihe osise mbụ nke mbipụta hardcover nke akwụkwọ Terry McMillan bụ Waiting to Exhale .O mekwara stampụ Kwanzaa mbụ màkà United States Postal Service, nke e wepụtara na 1997. Mgbe ahụ, o mepụtara 2016 Kwanzaa Forever Stamp.

## Akụkọ ndụ
A zụlitere Synthia Saint James na Los Angeles, California, na Bronx, New York. O rere ihe osise mbụ ya na New York City mgbè ọ dị afọ 20. Ọ bi na Los Angeles ugbu a.

## Ọrụ
Saint James nwèrè ihe ngosi nka nke mbụ ya na Inner City Cultural Center na Los Angeles, California, na 1977, ébé ọ gụrụ ihe nkírí. N'afọ 1980, o sonyere na ngosi mba ụwa mbụ ya na Paris, France.

Ọ natara nzèrè doctorate (Doctor of Humane Letters) site na Mahadum Saint Augustine, Raleigh, North Carolina, na Mee 8, 2010.

Saint James na-aga kwa afọ na kọleji, mahadum, na ébé ndị ọzọ iji kụzie ma mee master classes na workshops.

## Akwụkwọ

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## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Janet Taylor Pickett

thumb|áká_ịkẹngạ
**Janet Taylor Pickett** (amụrụ n'August 13, 1948) bụ ónyé America na-ese ihe. Ọrụ mgbasa ozi ngwakọta nke Pickett sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nkè ahụmahụ ndụ ya dị ka nwanyị Africa America.

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Janet Taylor Pickett na 1948 na Ann Arbor, Michigan ébé ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ na nke masta na nka màrà mma. Ọ gụkwara nka na Vermont Studio Center, Parsons School of Design, na Fashion Institute of Technology.

## Ọrụ
Taylor Pickett na-arụ ọrụ n'ụdị dị iche iche gụnyere ihe ọkpụkpụ, ntinye, eserese, nchịkọta, na collage. Ọrụ ya sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke ndụ ya dị ka nwanyị Africa America ma màrà ya site na afọ 30 ọ na-akụzi na Essex County College na New Jersey. N'okwu nkè ya, "Ọchịchịrị m bụ nkwupụta nkwupụta n'ọrụ m.

Taylor Pickett bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe nkè e gosipụtara ọrụ ya na 1986 otu ngosi Progressions: Cultural Legacy na MoMA PS1.

Kamala Harris bụ ónyé na-akwado ọrụ Taylor Pickett. E gosipụtara otu n'ime ihe osise nke onye na-ese ihe n'ọfịs ndị omeiwu mgbè Harris bụ ónyé omeiwu.

## Ihe ngosi ndị a ma ama

### Ihe ngosi onwé ónyé

* 2021: Ncheta Dị Mkpa, Jennifer Baahng Gallery, New York, New York
* 2016: *Janet Taylor Pickett*: The Matisse Series, Montclair Art Museum, Montclaur, New Jersey

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Sally Mae Pettway

**Sally Mae Pettway** (amụrụ n'afọ 1965) bụ ónyé America na-ese ihe. A na-ejikọta ya na ndị Gee's Bend quilting collective, n'akụkụ nné ya, Candis Pettway, na ụmụnne ya nwanyị Qunnie Pettway na Edwina Pettway.

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Pearlie Kennedy Pettway

**Pearlie Kennedy Pettway** (1920-1982) bụ ónyé America na-emepụta ákwà. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị na-eme akwa akwa nke Gee's Bend. Ọrụ ya dị na Metropolitan Museum of Art.

A mụrụ Pearlie Kennedy na Boykin, Alabama (Gee's Bend) na 1920. O nwèrè nwanne nwoke, Herman Kennedy. Ọ lụrụ Horace Pettway, ónyé bụ nwanne nwunye nwanne ya nwoke, Mary Elizabeth Pettway.

Pettway mepụtara ihe mkpuchi *Triangles* ya n'ihe dị ka afọ 1960. A na-eji ihe owuwu eme ihe, nkè a makwaara dị ka *Triangles* Creating Squares-within-Squares (Housetop) Motif, nkè a na-akpọ ihe owuwu. A gụnyere ya na nchịkọta nke Metropolitan Museum of Art, onyinye nke Souls Grown Deep Foundation na 2014. Ozugbo a na-enweghị ike idozi uwe, Pettway ga-eji ihe sitere na uwe mkpuchi, uwe, na uwe elu iji mepụta akwa. A na-eji ogho na denim rụọ ihe owuwu ya, nke e mere n'ihe dị ka n'afọ 1950,. Dị ka nwa ya nwanyị Florida Irby si kwuo, Pettway na-ejikwa akpa ntụ ọka na ákwà 25 lb. ọ nwetara na Camden, na-eji ákwà fọdụrụ iji mee akwa.

Pettway nwụrụ na 1982 na Boykin.

## Edensibia
Mensie Lee Pettway

Mensie **Lee Pettway** (amụrụ n'afọ 1939) bụ ónyé America na-ese ihe na-ejikọta ya na otu Gee's Bend nke ndị na-ese akwa.

A gụnyere ọrụ ya na nchịkọta nke National Museum of African American History and Culture na Milwaukee Art Museum.

## Ndụ
Nwa nwanyị nke ónyé na-emepụta ihe America Irby, na nwa nwa Hannah Wilcox, Mensie Lee Pettway tolitere na nkwado dị ukwuu. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ ugbo n'ihe ka ukwuu n'oge ndụ ya wee gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ n'oge ezumike (NovemberīFebruary). Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị mgbè ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na otu. Mgbè nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ lụrụ Robert Lee Pettway, soro ya rụọ ọrụ ugbo, ma zụlite ụmụ asaa.

Mensie Lee nwèrè mmasị ịghọrọ ogho ma mgbe o nyesịrị ezinụlọ ya aka ịghọrọ nke ha, ọ na-agakarị n'ụlọ ezinụlọ ndị ọcha, ezinụlọ Joe McHugh, wee kụọ 200 pound (91 ) nke ogho n'otu ụbọchị. Ọ na-echeta, "Ọ na-amasị m isi nri na ịdọrọ ogho. Enwere m ike ịdọrọ narị pound abụọ n'otu ụbọchị. Ị na-enweta dollar atọ na otu narị azụ mgbè ahụ. Nke ahụ bụ nnukwu ego n'ihe dị ka afọ 1958 mgbè m nọ na klas nke iri. "

Mensie Lee ka bi na Alberta, Alabama.

## Ọrụ
Mensie Lee bụ otu n'ime ndị guzobere Freedom Quilting Bee mgbè e guzobere ya na ụlọ Estelle Witherspoon. Ọrụ ya bụ isi bụ ịkpụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-akwa akwa. Ọ nwèrè ike ịkpụpụta ihe atọ ma ọ bụ anọ n'otu ụbọchị, ọ na-enyekwa ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọzọ aka ịkwa akwa iji mezuo ihe achọrọ. Nne nne ya, Hannah Wilcox, ga-elu ma kpuchie ụkpụrụ ahụ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Bee n'oge niile ọ dị.

Usoro ya mepụtara akwa nwere akara mkpịsị áká pụrụ iche, ébé enweghị akwa abụọ, ma ọ bụ ọbụna akụkụ abụọ nke otu akwa ahụ, yiri.

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Norma Morgan

**Norma Morgan** (1928 - 2017) bụ ónyé America na-ebi akwụkwọ na ónyé na-ese ihe. A na-ahụ ọrụ ya na nnukwu nchịkọta n'ụwa niile ma a makwaara ya nke ọma maka ihe osise ya na ihe osise, ọtụtụ n'ime ha sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ site na ógè ọ nọrọ na Great Britain.

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Norma Gloria Morgan na New Haven, Connecticut, na 1929. Ọ bụ ónyé Africa-America. Nné ya zụlitere ya, mgbè nna ya nwụsịrị n'oge, ma rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye ọrụ ụlọ, onye na-akwa akwa, na onye na-ese ihe. Morgan gosipụtara mmasị na nka site na nwata, na-ese ihe osise mgbidi ụlọ klas mgbè ọ dị afọ iri na atọ ma nweta nkwanye ùgwù màkà *ihe* osise ya, Reflections, nke ọ rụchara mgbe ọ dị iri na asaa. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ afọ abụọ na Art Students League nke New York, na Hans Hofmann na mbido afọ 20, ma mesịa na Stanley Hayter. Ọ bụ Hayter kụziiri ya ihe osise.

## Ọrụ na ndụ
Morgan natara fellowship iji mụọ na England mgbè ọ dị afọ iri abụọ ma jiri ọtụtụ oge ya na-enyocha ndị Moors. Oge a kpaliri ọrụ nke na-elekwasị ányà na ihe oyiyi okike, ọkachasị igwe na igwe ojii. Ọ laghachiri na Great Britain na 1961 ma nọrọ ebe ahụ ruo 1966. A họpụtara ọrụ ya ka ọ nọchite ányà United States na First World Festival of Negro Arts, nke emere na Dakar, Senegal, n'ọnwa Eprel 1966. Ndị America ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe gụnyere na ngosi a gụnyere Barbara Chase-Riboud (nke a maara n'oge ahụ dị ka Barbara Chase), Emilio Cruz, Sam Gilliam, Richard Hunt, Jacob Lawrence, na Charles White.

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Sana Musasama

**Sana Musasama** bụ ónyé Africa-America na-emepụta ụrọ na ónyé na-ese ihe na mgbasa ozi na New York City. Ọrụ nka ya na ọrụ ya yiri ọrụ ya dị ka ónyé nkụzi na ntinye aka na ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ karịsịa ịzụ ahịa ụmụ nwanyị. A matala ọrụ ya na ọtụtụ onyinye gụnyere Anonymous Was a Woman Award na 2002, Joan Mitchell Painters and Sculptors Grant na 2013, ọ bụkwa ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbè ochie na Harlem Artist-in-Residence na 1983 Xi84. Musasama bụ osote prọfesọ na Hunter College.

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Musasama na Saint Albans, New York.

O nwèrè BA na Ceramics na Education site na City College (1974) na MFA site na Alfred State College of Ceramics (1987). Ọ gara n'ihu na ọmụmụ ihe ya na Archie Bray Foundation na Helena, Montana; Gakium Designer College na Tokyo, Japan; Tuscarora International School of Ceramics na Tuscarora, Nevada; na Mende Pottery na Mendeland, Sierra Leone.

## Ọrụ
Ọrụ nka na ọrụ Musasama dị ka onye nkụzi sitere na njem ya dị ukwuu na Africa, Eshia, na Latin America gụnyere mba ndị dị ka Sierra Leone, Cambodia, Vietnam, na Japan iji mụta banyéré ọdịbendị ndị na-abụghị nke ọdịda anyanwụ, ọkachasị dịka ọ metụtara ụmụ nwanyị na nsogbu mmekọrịta na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-emetụta ụmụ nwanyị. N'afọ ndị 1970 ọ gara West Africa ebe ọ biri ma rụọ ọrụ na Mendeland, Sierra Leone, ọ bụ ebe ahụ ka ọ hụrụ mmetụta nke ibi úgwù ụmụ agbọghọ. Ahụmahụ a mere ka o nwee mmasị n'ihe gbásárá ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọzọ gụnyere: ijide ụkwụ, ịgba ụtụ isi ọkụ, ndina n'ike na ịgba akwụna. Ruo ihe karịrị afọ 20, Musasama emeela nchọpụta banyéré nsogbụ ndị a ma mepụta ihe osise na nzaghachi.

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Julien Hudson

**Julien Hudson** (Jenụwarị 9, 1811), bụ nwoke nwere onwe ya na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu nke bi na New Orleans. Ọ bụ ónyé na-ese ihe na ónyé nkụzi nka na-aga nke ọma. A na-eche na ọ bụ onye Africa America mbụ nke a maara onyinyo onwe ya, agbanyeghị na Louisiana State Museum na-ezo aka ugbu a na onyinyo mmanụ 1839 dị ka Portrait of a Man, So-Called Self Portrait.

## Akụkọ ndụ
thumb|''Foto nke'' onye Creole Gentleman, 1835-1387, Dallas Museum of Art
A mụrụ Julien Hudson na Jenụwarị 9, 1811, na New Orleans. Nna ya, John Thomas Hudson, bụ ónyé Britain na-arụ ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri na onye na-ere ígwè. Nne ya, Suzanne Désirée Marcos, bụ onye New Orleans quadroon n'efu.
Omume agbụrụ nke Hudson abụwo ihe nyocha ruo afọ ole na ole. E depụtara ya na mbụ na ndekọ ọbọdọ na 1838 na-enweghị aha "nwoke nweere onwé ya nke agba". N'afọ sochirinụ, a gụnyere "f.m.c". O doro anya na nna Hudson esoghị ezinụlọ ahụ biri mgbe 1822, mana nne ya nwere itinye ego na ụlọ ma nwee ego na-akwụsi ike. Hudson nwere ike ịbụ na ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ n'ụlọ na Bienville Street dị nso na Bourbon Street. N'ime ezinụlọ ahụ, a maara Julien site na aha njirimara "Pickil".

Mgbè ọ laghachiri New Orleans, Hudson meghere ụlọ ọrụ nke ya na 120 Bienville Street na 1831, ọ bụ ezie na ọ pụtara na ndekọ ọbọdọ dị ka ónyé na-ese ihe naanị n'afọ 1837-1838. N'oge dị mkpirikpi na 1840, Hudson nwere nwa akwụkwọ, George David Coulon (1822-1904).

Julien Hudson nwụrụ na 1844 na New Orleans.

## Edensibia
Inez Nathaniel-Walker

**Inez Nathaniel-Walker** (née **Stedman**) (1911-1990) bụ ónyé na-ese ihe n'onwe ya.

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ ya na ogbenye na Sumter, South Carolina, Inez bụ nwa mgbei mgbè ọ dị obérè, ma lụọ di mgbè ọ dị afọ 12 ma ọ bụ 13. Ọ kwagara Philadelphia n'oge Nnukwu Migration iji gbanahụ eziokwu siri ike nke ọrụ ugbo siri ike. N'afọ 1949, ọ kwagara Port Byron, New York, ébé ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta apụl. A mara ya ikpe maka igbu ọchụ n'amaghị ama mgbe ọ gbusịrị nwoke megburu ya ma tụọ ya mkpọrọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Bedford Hills Correctional Prison site na 1971 ruo 1973. Mgbe a mara ya ikpe n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, ọ laghachiri Port Byron. Ọ bụ n'oge ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ka ọ malitere ise ihe n'azụ akwụkwọ ọ bụla ọ hụrụ iji kewapụ onwe ya n'ebe ndị mkpọrọ ọ kpọrọ "ụmụ agbọghọ ọjọọ" nọ. Ọ na-ese ihe nke ukwuu, na-ejupụta ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ndekọ n'ime ọnwa ole na ole ruo mgbè a tọhapụrụ ya.

## Ọrụ
Mgbè ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, ọrụ Nathaniel-Walker dọtara uche Elizabeth Bayley, otu n'ime ndị nkụzi ụlọ mkpọrọ Inez, onye nyere ya akwụkwọ eserese, akwụkwọ edemede, na pensụl. Oriakụ Bayley gosikwara ihe osise ahụ na ónyé na-ere ihe osise ọdịnala n'ógbè ahụ, onye mechara nata akwụkwọ eserese nke ónyé na-ese ihe.

Ihe osise Nathaniel-Walker fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ naanị foto ụmụ nwanyị. Ọrụ ndị ahụ, nke e ji pensụl, pensụl na ink na-acha, na-eji ọtụtụ ihe mara mma mara mma. A na-egosi ihu n'ihu ma ọ bụ n'ihu na anya gabigara ókè. Ndị ahụ na-eyikarị uwe ndị bụ akụkụ nke uwe Inez. Banyéré usoro ya, o kwuru, "Achọghị m ihe ọ bụla m ga-adọta. Enweghị m ike ile onye ọ bụla anya ma see ya. Naanị ihe m na-eme bụ ọrụ nke m. Ana m nọdụ ala ma malite ise ihe".

E gosipụtara ọrụ ya na Akron Art Institute, Corcoran Gallery, na Musée Art et Marges na Brussels. E gosipụtakwara ọtụtụ n'ime ihe osise ya na ihe ngosi ahụ, "Black Folk Art in America: 1930-1980." A na-arụ ọrụ ya ugbu a n'ọtụtụ ihe ngosiputa nka a ma ama gụnyere Smithsonian American Art Museum, American Folk Art Museum, Mahadum Michigan Museum of Art, na High Museum.

## Edensibia
Shervone Neckles

Shervone Neckles (amụrụ n'afọ 1979) bụ ónyé na-ese ihe, onye nkụzi, na ónyé ọrụ obodo. Ọrụ ya na-esite na duality na ọdịdị mgbanwe nke njirimara Afro-Grenadian-American ya. Omume Necklesń jikọtara usoro mgbasa ozi ngwakọta nke obibi akwụkwọ, akwa, nka akwụkwọ, ihe ọkpụkpụ, ntinye, na nyocha mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya iji nyochaa echiche nke ọchịchị ndị gárá aga na nke ugbu a, echiche nke ebe o si dị ka ọ metụtara mmalite, ónyé édémédé na onye nwe ya.

## Ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Neckles na 1979 na Huntington, New York na nné na nnà sitere na Grenadian ma zụlite ya na East Flatbush, Brooklyn, New York. O nwetara MA na Teacher's College, Columbia University, MFA na Queens College na BFA na The College of New Rochelle.

## Ọrụ
Omume nke akpịrị na-ewere usoro interdisciplinary. Akụkọ ọdịnala nke Grenada, akụkọ Afro-Caribbean diasporic, na nkà ihe ọmụma ọdịda anyanwụ Afrịka na-agwa ụzọ echiche banyéré nwanyị, matriarchy, ime mmụọ, astrophysics, ncheta, n'ụlọ, na-agwakọta n'ọrụ ya. Site n'iji usoro mgbasa ozi ngwakọta nke obibi akwụkwọ, nchịkọta, collage, akwa na embroidery nke gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ na omume na omenala Afro-Caribbean ya, ọ na-emepụta njikọ, na-aga n'ihu omenala, na-echekwa ihe ncheta, ma tinye onwé ya na ndị nna ya n'akụkọ ihe méré eme.

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Addie Pearl Nicholson

**Addie Pearl Nicholson** (amụrụ n'afọ 1931) bụ ónyé America na-ese ihe. A na-ejikọta ya na Gee's Bend quilting collective, ọ bụkwa odeakwụkwọ nke Freedom Quilting Bee mgbè e debanyere aha ya na 1966. Kemgbe ahụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-esi nri maka ụlọ ọrụ na-elekọta ụbọchị nke Freedom Quilting Bee, yana dịka ónyé isi oche nke Bee.

## Oge ọ malitere
A mụrụ Nicholson na Dallas County, n'ógbè a na-akpọ Pleasant Hill, nso Selma, Alabama. Ọ bụ ezie na, n'ozuzu, mmemme New Deal, ọkachasị ndị metụtara ọrụ ugbo, dị ka Iwu Nhazi Ọrụ Ugbo, Nchịkwa Nlekọta Ugbo, baara ndị ọcha America uru karịa ndị ojii America, ọtụtụ ezinụlọ na Gee's Bend na mpaghara ndị gbara ya gbụrụ-gbúrụ hụrụ ọganihu akụ na ụba n'oge ógè New Deal. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ezinụlọ Nicholson kwagara Coy, Alabama mgbe e kewara McDuffie Plantation na gọọmentị etiti màkà omume na-ezighị ezi nke ịkpa ihe. Nna ya natara 150 acres nke ala a na-akọ ugbo site na nke a na mmeri. Ọtụtụ ezinụlọ ndị isi ojii nwèrè obi abụọ banyéré mmemme gọọmentị wee kwaga n'ebe ugwu iji zere ikpe na-ezighị ezi.

Nicholson na di ya, Daniel Nicholson, zutere mgbè ọ dị afọ iri na asatọ. Ha lụrụ di na nwunye n'oge na-adịghị anya wee kwaga Gee's Bend iji rụọ ọrụ ugbo ma zụlite ezinụlọ. Gee's Bend enweghị ọtụtụ ezinụlọ ọhụrụ, ha na-akpọkwa ezinụlọ Nicholson "ndị na-abata", ọ bụ ezie na ha ebiela ebe ahụ ọtụtụ ndụ ha.

## Ọrụ
Nicholson malitere ime akwa mgbè ọ dị afọ iri na isii ma malite ime ihe ndị ọzọ mgbè ọ lụsịrị di. Di ya, Daniel, ji mpako cheta inyere ya aka, na-eme ihe ọchị na, "Ọ pụghị imeri m na-akwa akwa". Akpụkpọ ha, dị ka ọtụtụ n'ime ha, bụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ, a na-ejikarị ha eme ka ụmụ ha na-ekpo ọkụ n'abalị ma nwee ahụ iru ala mgbè ha na-anọdụ ala n'ọhịa.

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Eliza Myrie

**Eliza Myrie** bụ ónyé na-ese ihe nkírí nke bi ma na-arụ ọrụ na Chicago, IL. Myrie na-arụ ọrụ na mgbasa ozi dịgasị iche iche gụnyere ihe ọkpụkpụ, nka ntinye aka, nka ọha, na óbíbí akwụkwọ.

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
Nna Myrie bụ onye na-atụ nkume. Myrie nwetara MFA ya na Mahadum Northwestern na BA ya na Williams College. Myrie bụ ónyé sonyere na The Skowhegan School na The Whitney Independent Study Program.

## Ọrụ nka
Myrie guzobere Black Artists Retreat (2013-2016) na Theaster Gates, nke Rebuild Foundation kwadoro, nke kpọkọtara otu ndị na-ese ihe nkírí ojii n'èzí ụlọ ọrụ nka ọdịnala. N'oge oyi 2016, e nyere Myrie MacDowell fellowships. N'afọ 2017/2018, Myrie nwèrè Equal Justice Residency/Fellowship na Santa Fe Art Institute. Myrie bụ ónyé njikwa Wiki Project na Black Lunch Table.

### Ịkụzi Ihe
Myrie akụziwo na School of the Art Institute of Chicago na Williams College.

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Marilyn Nance

**Marilyn Nance** (amụrụ na Nọvemba 12, 1953), nkè a makwaara dị ka Soulsista, bụ **onye na-ese ihe** na mgbasa ozi ọtụtụ ndị Afrịka na America na-elekwasị ányà n'ịchọpụta njikọ mmadụ, ime mmụọ, na iji teknụzụ na ịkọ akụkọ. E bipụtara foto ya na Life, *The New York Times*, The Village Voice, Essence, na *New York Newsday*.

Ọrụ Nance dị na nchịkọta na-adịgide adịgide nkè Smithsonian National Museum of American Art, Museum of Fine Arts Houston na Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture's Preservation of the Black Religious Heritage Project.

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Nance na New York City na Nọvemba 12, 1953, ma too na Brooklyn. Nne ya bụ ónyé na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na nna ya bụ ónyé ọrụ elevator na post ọfịs dị n'ógbè ahụ. Nance gàrà Mahadum New York (1971-1972), na-amụ akwụkwọ akụkọ, tupu ọ nweta nzere Bachelor of Fine Arts na nkwukọrịta na eserese eserese site na Pratt Institute (1972-1976) na Masters of Fine Arts site na Maryland Institute College of Art, (1996) yana ị gụchaa na ITP, New York University's Interactive Telecommunications Program (1998). Ọ bụ ónyé mbụ n'ezinụlọ ya ịga ụlọ akwụkwọ nka.

## Ihe ngosi

* Ihe *Obi Ụtọ na Egwu nke Obi* Ụtọ Dị Mma n'Ụlọ, Museum of Modern Art, New York, 1991
* Ihe ngosi Smithsonian n'ịntanetị: African American Art: Harlem Renaissance, Civil Rights Era, and Beyond, April na September 2012

## Onyinye

* 1991: Finalist, W. Eugene Smith Award na Humanistic Photography, maka ọrụ ya na mmụọ nke ndị Africa America [citation needed]
* 1993: Finalist, W. Eugene Smith Award na Humanistic Photography, maka ọrụ ya na mmụọ nke ndị Africa America [citation needed]
* 1989: New York Foundation for the Arts fellowship maka foto [citation needed]
* 2000: New York Foundation for the Arts fellowship maka foto [citation needed]
* 1993: New York Foundation for the Arts fellowship maka akwụkwọ ndị na-abụghị akụkọ ifo [citation needed]

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ