open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Thomas Craskell

Thomas Craskell ( nwụrụ na 1790) bụ onye injinia na onye na-ese ihe na Britain na-arụ ọrụ na Jamaica n'ime narị afọ nke iri na asatọ.

Ọ bụ injinia agha ọtụtụ oge ndụ ya. Ọ bụ onye isi na Engineer Corps n'etiti ndị agha Major-General Peregrine Hopson dugara na mbuso agha nke Martinique na Guadeloupe na mmalite 1759. Ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe n'oké osimiri gụnyere ịrụkọ ọrụ na Peter Monamy na Samuel Scott n'etiti narị afọ nke iri na asatọ. Craskell maara nkà na ụzụ ụgbọ mmiri nke ọma, ma gosipụtakwa nkọwapụta nke ụgbọ mmiri na nrụgharị na eserese ya. Enwere naanị ọrụ anọ mara Craskell; Abụọ n'ime ndị a dị na National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London.

N'afọ 1758, ọ malitere nlekọta nke Ụlọ Eze na Spanish Town. 

Nwa ya nwoke, nke a na-akpọkwa Thomas Craskell, bụ Captain na ndị agha nke a họpụtara Superintendent General nke Maroons iji dochie Major John James.

## Nnyocha nke Jamaica
Site na 1756 ruo 1761 ya na James Simpson rụkọrọ ọrụ n'ịmepụta nyocha nke Jamaica nke mere ka e nwee map atọ nke enwere ike ijikọta iji mepụta map zuru oke 90 x 38 sentimita.
Usòrò:Craskell_(1763)_Cornwall,_Jamaica.jpg|Cornwall
Usòrò:Craskell_(1763)_Middlesex_Jamaica.jpg|Middlesex
Usòrò:Craskell_(1763)_Surr(e)y,_Jamaica.jpg|Surrey


## Ihe osise

Usòrò:Knowles_Action.jpg|alt=Knowles' Action, the Battle of Havana 1948, painted 1753|Knowles'Ihe,Agha nke Havana1948, na ọ ga-adị na 1753
Usòrò:Craskell_(1763)_Illustration_to_map_of_Surrey,_Jamaica.png|alt=Illustration to map of Surrey, Jamaica, 1763|Ihe osise na map nke Surrey, Jamaica, 1763


## Ebem si dee
Ras Daniel Heartman

**Ras Daniel Heartman** (7 Jenụwarị 1942 - 1990),  amụrụ **Lloyd George Roberts**, bụ onye na-ese ihe na onye ndú okpukpe Ndị Jamaica. A na-ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị omenkà a ma ama na Rastafarian art movement, a na-ekesa ihe osise ya n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ụwa niile dị ka mbipụta ma o mepụtara ọtụtụ ihe mkpuchi reggae a ma ama n'afọ ndị 1960 na 1970. 

Amụrụ na Kingston, Jamaica, o tolitere na mpaghara Whitfield Town siri ike. Heartman gosipụtara na ihe nkiri 1972 The Harder They Come na-egwu akụkụ Pedro, ezigbo enyi nke agwa Jimmy Cliff Ivan..

Heartman kwagara Tanzania na East Africa, ebe ọ nwụrụ na Arusha, dị afọ 47..

## Ebem si dee
Albert Huie

**Albert Huie** (31 Disemba 1920 &#x2D; 31 Jenụwarị 2010) bụ onye na-ese ihe Ndị Jamaica.

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
Amụrụ na Falmouth, Trelawny Parish, Jamaica, Huie kwagara Kingston mgbe ọ dị afọ 16; na 1930s ọ ghọrọ akụkụ nke "Institute Group" na Institute of Jamaica, ebe ọ nwetara ọzụzụ mbụ ya na onye Armenia artist Koren der Harootian. Na mmalite 1940s ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye inyeaka nye Edna Manley mgbe ọ na-akụzi na Kingston's Junior Centre. Enyere Huie ohere mmụta nke British Council na 1947. Ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ sochiri, na London na Camberwell School of Arts and Crafts na Canada na Ontario College of Art, tupu ọ laghachi Jamaica.

## Ọrụ
N'afọ 1950 ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị nkuzi guzobere ụlọ akwụkwọ Jamaica School of Art and Crafts .  O gosipụtara gburugburu United States na Jamaica, ma mesịa biri na US n'ọrụ ya. N'Ụbọchị Ndị dike Mba n'afọ 2009, ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya nke Jamaica sọpụrụ ya maka onyinye ya nye ndị obodo Jamaica na gburugburu Washington, D.C.[3]

As a painter, Huie was best known for his landscape and genre work, though he often painted portraits as well. Some of his pieces expressed sociopolitical and nationalist themes, and many of his early paintings related in some way to manual labor. His painting *Miss Mahoghany* caused controversy twice in his lifetime, first when it was unveiled in 1960 and again in 2000 when it was featured in Air Jamaica's *Skywritings* magazine which resulted in its removal. His later paintings showed the influence of post-Impressionism, along with elements of art deco and Mexican mural painting. He usually used oils, but sometimes used acrylics. His paintings hang in the National Gallery of Jamaica, among other collections.

### Onyinye
N'afọ 1958, e nyere Huie ihe nrite ọlaọcha nke Musgrave nke Jamaica ma n'afọ 1974, ụlọ ọrụ Institute of Jamaica nyere ya ihe nrite Gold nke Musgrava maka ọrụ ya. N'afọ 1959, e nyere ya ihe nrite mba ụwa maka eserese na ngosi Spanish Bi-Annual na Havana, Cuba. Huie natara onyinye gọọmentị Jamaica maka ihe osise kacha mma na ngosi mba kwa afọ na 1962. [2]

## Ndụ onwe onye
Nwa nwa Huie bụ onye na-ese ihe Lehna Huie. Ọ nwụrụ na 31 Jenụwarị 2010 na Baltimore, Maryland, ọ gbara 89.

## Ebem si dee
Christopher González

**Christopher Francis González** OD (1943 - 2 August 2008) bụ onye na-ese iheonye na-ese ihe ihe nkiri Ndị Jamaica.

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ González na Kingston, Jamaica, na 1943. O nwere nna Puerto Rican na nne Jamaica. González gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1963 na Jamaica School of Art (The Edna Manley College of the Visual and Performing Arts), ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ n'ọkpụkpụ. O mechara bụrụ onye nkụzi n’ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ. González nwetara akara ugo mmụta Master ya na Fine Arts site na kọleji California nke Arts na Crafts. Ọ kụziri n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na ụlọ ọrụ dị na Jamaica na USA (California na Atlanta, Georgia) n'oge ọrụ ya.]

Edna Manley na Pablo Picasso nwere mmetụta n'ebe ọ nọ.

Ya na nwunye ya na ezinụlọ ya biri ma rụọ ọrụ n'ime Saint Ann Parish.

González nwere ike ịbụ onye a maara nke ọma maka ihe oyiyi gọọmentị Jamaica nyere iwu ka ọ dị mita 9.7 n'ogologo nke e kere iji sọpụrụ Bob Marley,  nke a na-egosi ugbu a na ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na Ocho Rios, Jamaica.  Ihe oyiyi ahụ na-adịghị ahụkebe na-egosi onye nwere ogwe osisi maka ahụ dị ala na ihu gbagọrọ agbagọ.[2] Mgbe a kpughere ihe oyiyi ahụ na ncheta nke abụọ nke ọnwụ onye na-ese ihe reggae, ndị na-akwado Marley na-ewe iwe tụbara mkpụrụ osisi na nkume na mpempe ọla nchara ahụ n'ihi na, dị ka ha si kwuo, ọ naghị anọchite anya onye na-eme ihe nkiri a na-asọpụrụ n'ọtụtụ ebe.[2]

A makwaara González nke ọma maka ịmepụta ihe oyiyi ọla nchara abụọ na-echeta nnwere onwe Jamaica site na Ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị,  na maka ihe oyiyi nke dike mba George William Gordon.  Ọ rụkwara ọrụ n'ili nke onye bụbu Praịm Minista nke Jamaica, Norman Washington Manley . [1] N'ime Jamaica, a na-egosipụta ihe atụ nke ọrụ González na Jamaica National Heroes' Memorial, National Gallery of Jamaica, ebe obibi nke Praịm Minista na Bank of Jamaica. O mekwara ihe ngosi nka nke otu na nke onwe ya na Jamaica, United States, Denmark, Cuba, Canada na Mexico.[3]

Christopher González nwụrụ n'ọrịa kansa na 2 August 2008, na Cornwall Regional Hospital na Montego Bay, Jamaica, mgbe ọ dị afọ 65. Nwunye ya, Champayne Clarke-Gonzalez, na ụmụ isii Chinyere, Odiaka, Asha, Christina, Abenah, na Nailah Gonzalez hapụrụ ya.[1]

## Onyinye
Enyere González Order of Distinction maka ntinye aka na nka n'ime obodo Jamaica, wee nweta ọtụtụ ihe nrite ndị ọzọ gụnyere ihe nrite mbụ na asọmpi Fine Arts Festival na Jamaica na 1965. E nyekwara ya nrite Silver Musgrave na 1974.

## Ebem si dee
Gloria Escoffery

**Gloria Escoffery** OD (22 Disemba 1923 - 24 Eprel 2002) bụ onye na-ese ihe Ndị Jamaica, onye na-ede uri na onye na-enyocha nka nke nyere aka na nka na ọdịbendị na-esote ọchịchị agaghị ahapụ na nwoke n'etiti na ngwụcha narị afọ nke 20.

## Akụkọ ndụ
amụrụ na Gayle, Saint Mary Parish, Jamaica,nke umuaka ato nke Dr. William T. Escoffery, medical officer, and his wife Sylvia, Escoffery attended St Hilda's High School, Brown's Town. In 1942 she won the Island Scholarship and went to McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and subsequently studied in England at the Slade School of Fine Arts (1950–52), and the University of the West Indies's School of Education.

Ebe o mere ihe ngosi nke mbụ ya na Kingston na 1944, Escoffery gosipụtara ya nke ukwuu na Jamaica na ebe ndị ọzọ. Ọrụ ya dị n'ọtụtụ nchịkọta nke ọbọdọ na mpaghara na ọha na eze na nke onwe.

N'afọ 1977, e nyere ya Order of Distinction  na Silver Musgrave Medal site na Institute of Jamaica n'afọ 1985. 

## Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara

* Ala na Imepụta (akwụkwọ nta, 1976) 
* Loggerhead (Sandberry Press, 1988) 
* *Nne Jackson gburu ọnwa* (Peepal Tree Press, 1998) 

Escoffery nyere aka mgbe niile na akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ Caribbean Quarterly, nke jikọtara ya na Mahadum nke West Indies dị na Kingston, Jamaica. Ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ ndị a e bipụtara na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ bụ:

* Ụlọ na Ụlọ (Taylor & Francis Group, 2003) 
* *Lamp ịnyịnya ígwè: Echiche nke Onye na-ese ihe na nkuzi nka* (Taylor & Francis Group, 1968) 

## Ihe osise
Ihe ncheta a na-ahụkarị nke ọrụ nka Escoffery bụ nke National Gallery of Jamaica, a pụkwara ile ya anya na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gallery, yana akụkọ ndụ onye na-ede na mpaghara ọwụwa ndọrọ site nzọụkwụ na-ese ihe. Dị ka akwụkwọ ya, ihe osise Escoffery na-egosipụta nkọwa dị iche iche nke ọgbara ọhụrụ nke Jamaica nwere n'oge ndụ ya niile.

## Ihe odide
Eugene Palmer

**Eugene Oliver Palmer** (amụrụ n'afọ 1955) bụ onye na-ese ihe na Britain a mụrụ Ndị Jamaika. Ọrụ ya na-eji ihe ndekọ, foto, na ihe osise mgbasa ozi nke oge a dị ka ihe ndabere maka ihe osise ya. Palmer na ndị na-ahụ maka nka na ndị na'ihe ngosi Eddie Chambers na Keith Piper nwere mmekọrịta ogologo oge ma bụrụ onye a ma ama dị ka otu n'ime ndị isi ojii na-ese ihe na-arụ ọrụ na Britain. Ọ bi ma na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a na St Leonards-na-osimiri, owuwa anyanwu Sussex . 

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Eugene Oliver Palmer na Kingston, Jamaika, ma soro ndị mụrụ ya bịa England dị ka nwatakịrị na 1966.  Ka ọ na-etolite, ọdịbendị abụọ dị iche iche nwere mmetụta n'ahụ ya ma ọ bụ ncheta nke ndị a na mmetụta sitere na ha kpụrụ ọrụ nka ya.

N'etiti afọ ndị 1970 ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ ntọala nka na Sutton Coldfield, Birmingham, tupu ọ gaa nweta BA (Hons) na Wimbledon Ụlọ akwụkwọ nka na 1978, afọ ole na ole ka e mesịrị site na asambodo nkuzi na Koleji Garnett , London, na MA na Ite agba na koleji ịkpụ ọlaedo, n'etiti afọ 1980.

Malite na ihe osise mara mma na nke na-egbuke egbuke nke mmalite ruo n'etiti afọ 1980, Palmer malitere inyocha mpaghara dị iche iche nke eserese ka ọrụ ya na-aga n'ihu. Isiokwu ndị a na-ahụkarị n'ọrụ ya bụ nyocha nke akụkọ ọdịbendị na ọdịbendị.

Ọrụ mbụ ya gụnyere igosi ihe n'ebe ndị dị ka Bedford Gill Gallery, 198 Galari, na galara Duncan Campbell, na ihe ngosi otu gụnyere Ọhụrụ ugbu a, Caribbean Expressions na Britain n'etiti afọ 1980 na Nkà ojii: Plotting the Course . 

## Ihe ngosi onwe onye

* Onye na-ese ihe nke ụbọchị, nke Sonia Boyce MBE họọrọ, Flowers Gallery, London, 2014 

## Ebe m si ee

## Njikọ mpụga

* Eugene Palmer na Iniva Digital archive.
* Nkọwa ihe ngosi Eugene Palmer (2004).
* Ihe osise 4 nke Eugene Palmer ma ọ bụ mgbe ọ gasịrị naIhe osise UKsaịtị E nwetara ya na 1 Disemba 2013.
* Eddie Chambers, "Eugene Palmer Recent Paintings" (2000).
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Petrona Morrison

Petrona Morrison (amụrụ 1954) bụ onye na-ese ihe na onye na-ese mgbasa ozi. Ọrụ ya bụ nke sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke Africa; ọ na-eji ihe ndị achọtara na mgbakọ nwere ma isiokwu nkeonwe yana nke sara mbara. 

A mụrụ ya na Manchester, Jamaica, Morrison na-ese ihe site n'oge ọ bụ nwatakịrị. Ọ malitere ọzụzụ dị ka onye na-ese ihe na Mahadum McMaster na Canada, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1976. N'etiti afọ 1980 ọ gụrụ maka MFA ya na Mahadum Howard na Washington, DC, n'oge ahụ ọ nọrọ otu afọ na Kenya. O kewara oge ya n'etiti United States na Jamaica tupu ọ laghachi n'ụlọ kpamkpam na 1995; ọ na-aga n'ihu na-eme njem maka ebe obibi. Ọ kụziri na Edna Manley College of the Visual and Performing Arts kemgbe 1988.

Ọ bụ onye na-ese ihe na-ebi na Studio Museum na Harlem. Enwere ike ịhụ ọrụ ya na nchịkọta National Gallery nke Jamaica. E nyere ya ihe nrite ọla edo Musgrave na 2014. Na 2017 Morrison gosipụtara ọrụ na Jamaica biennia.l. 

## Ihe ngosi ndị a họọrọ

* *Petrona Morrison na Veronica Ryan: Ọrụ a tụrụ atụ*. Bronx Museum of the Arts, United States, 1996-1997.
* *Ihe ngosi Kwa Afọ*, National Gallery of Jamaica, Jamaica, 1999. Ọrụ: "Ọpụ"
* Jamaica Biennial, National Gallery of Jamaica, Jamaica, 2017. Ọrụ: "Selfie.

## Ihe odide

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Maria LaYacona

Maria LaYacona (1926-2019) bụ onye na-ese foto amụrụ America nke rụrụ ọrụ na Jamaica. N'ime afọ iri atọ mbụ ya, ọ bụ onye na-ese foto maka ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri mba nke mba ahụ.

## Oge ọ malitere
Nne na nna LaYacona siri na Italy kwaga America ma amuru ya na Cleveland, Ohio, na 18 Novemba 1926. Nna ya na-agbazi ihe onyonyo site na ulo ezinulo ya na nwanne ya nwoke ma nyere ya aka n'ime ulo gbara ọchịchịrị ya. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Winona School of Professional Photography na Winona Lake, Indiana, tupu ọ kwaga New York City na 1950 ebe ọ kwadoro onwe ya site na ịse foto maka mgbasa ozi ọha na eze na agbamakwụkwọ ọha.[1][2]

Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka *Oge* nta akụkọ foto maka Time and Life ma, na 1955 nabatara ọrụ site na Sports Illustrated, na-aga Jamaica iji gbaa usoro nnwale n'etiti Australia na West Indies na Sabina Park. Mba ahụ masịrị ya ma laghachi n'otu afọ ahụ wee nọrọ ndụ ya fọdụrụ na Jamaica.[1]

## Ọrụ ya na Jamaica
Iji kwado onwe ya, ọ nabatara ọrụ maka mgbasa ozi na nkwalite njem nleta ma webata nchịkọta foto ụlọ akwụkwọ na mba ahụ, mana mmasị ya bụ foto. Foto ya nke Praịm Minista Michael Manley pụtara na akwụkwọ ego $ 1,000.[2] Ọ na-ese foto ndị na-ese ihe na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, yana ndị Jamaica kwa ụbọchị - onye ọkụ azụ na-arụ ọrụ, na ụmụaka na-egwuri egwu.

N'afọ 1964, afọ abụọ mgbe e guzobesịrị ya, ọ sonyeere National Dance Theatre Company dị ka onye na-ese foto, ọkwá ọ nọgidere na ya ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na 1992.  E bipụtara foto ya nke ndị na-agba egwú n'akwụkwọ abụọ, Roots and Rhythms (1969) na Dance Jamaica: Renewal and Continuity (1985). [1] E gosipụtakwara ọtụtụ foto ịgba egwú ya na stampụ akwụkwọ ozi nke Jamaica.

Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2000, LaYacona lara ezumike nká n'ụlọ dị na Kingston. Ọ nwụrụ na 28 Eprel 2019. 

## Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara

* *Roots and Rhythms* (1969)
* *Dance Jamaica: Renewal and Continuity* (1985)
* *Jamaica Portraits* (1998)
* *Jamaica Reverie* (2006)

## Ebem si dee
Richard Nattoo

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Richard Nattoo na Spanish Town, Jamaica, na 1993. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ n'oge ọ bụ nwata na Ardenne High School na Kingston .  [2] Ọ gara n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya na Mahadum Teknụzụ, Jamaica .  [2] Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ gbanwere ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ihe.[4]

Richard egosila ọrụ ya n'ọtụtụ ihe ngosi na National Gallery of Jamaica, gụnyere Jamaica Biennial (2014, 2017), Young Talent (2015), Digital (2016), na ihe ngosi Summer (2019). O mewokwa ihe ngosi solo nke akpọrọ Reverberation of the Silent Echo (2014), Fragility (2019), Fragility Part 2 (2019), Existential, Salvation II - The Mara mma ịda mbà n'obi, na mgbe Nna m were anyị Fishin.[./Richard_Nattoo#cite_note-auto2-4 ]

Ihe ndị bụ isi ọ na-eji eme ihe bụ ihe na-acha mmiri, mkpịsị akwụkwọ na ink na ákwà. Nattoo bi ma na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a na Kingston.

## ''Rabbit, The Wanderer na The Majician''
Ọrụ Richard na-enyocha mgbanwe site na nwata ruo n'oge, na obodo Westernized, na-enyocha ọnwụ nke nwata na majic echefuru echefu. Ọ na-akọ banyere njem ndị mmadụ atọ dị n'etiti: Wanderer, oke bekee, na onye Majician—nke ikpeazụ bụ nwata nwoke aha ya bụ Ian..[1]

The Wanderer na-anọchi anya njem onwe onye nke Richard na-aga n'ihu na ntozu okè, na-alụso mmetụta ọhụrụ nke amaghị ihe na nkewa ọgụ. Enweghị mmetụta uche a na-eduga na izute Rabbit, onye n'aka nke ya na-eme ka ọ mata Majician.[1] Ha na-agafe n'oké ọhịa, na-achọ amamihe n'aka ndị nna ha iji chọpụta ihe aka ha dị ọcha na agụụ nke ndị ntorobịa.[1]

## Onyinye na mmata

* 2020: Ihe nrite ntorobịa nke Praịm Minista (Nkà na Ọdịbendị) 
* 2022: Onye mmeri nke asọmpi Reimagine Nanny 
* 2023: Fellow na Noldor Artist Residency, Ghana  

## Ebem si dee

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Roy Reid

**Roy Reid** (21 Disemba 1937 &#x2D; 10 Jenụwarị 2009) bụ onye na-ese ihe Ndị Jamaica site na 1968 ruo 2009. A maara ya nke ọma maka ihe osise ya na-egosi ndị Jamaica na uwe na akpụkpọ nke acha dị nnọọ n'ókè ọchịchị na ndị nwere isiokwu nke mbibi dị ka ọkụ, nke na-enwekarị ihe omume na nke ime mmụọ.

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ ya na Portland, Jamaica, Reid bụ onye nne na nna na-arụ ọrụ ugbo mana ọ kwụsịrị akwụkwọ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na otu n'ihi na ọ pụghị ịgụ akwụkwọ, ọ bụ naanị mgbe ọ dị iri atọ na anọ na ekpo na mpaghara okpomọkụ ọdịda ka ọ na-amụta Bible. O mechara kwaga Kingston iji chụsoo ọrụ.

A na-ewere Reid n'obodo ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị dị mkpa n'etiti ndị na-ese ihe 'n'ụzọ doro anya' na Jamaica, n'ozuzu ndị na-anọghị n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị isi nke ọrụ nka na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya n'àgwàetiti ahụ, karịsịa mebere na ewe iwe na mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ nkiri Miami ọrụ pụrụ ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-akụziri onwe ya. Reid emeela ọtụtụ ihe ngosi ama ama nke ọrụ nka ya, Self Taught Artist Exhibition na Institute of Jamaica na 1971, Eight Jamaican Primitives na Havana, Cuba na 1976; The Intuitive Eye na National Gallery of Jamaica na 1979, Jamaican Intuitives na Wolverhampton, England na ihe ngosi Caribbean na Un Nouveau Regard sur Les Caribes na Courbevoie, France na 1992. Dị ka ọ si na National Gallery, na Jamaica o nyela ihe ngosi dị iche iche na Makonde Gallery, Pegasus Hotel na 1981, Bolivar Gallery na 1982 na Mutual Life Gallery na 1987. 

Reid gosipụtakwara ihe osise ya na ihe ngosi mba nke National Gallery kwa afọ n'etiti Disemba 2000 ruo Febụwarị 2001, na-egosi ihe osise ndị ọgaranya na mpaghara okpomọkụ ọdịda na-ese The Unforgettable Defenceless Street People Removal na Onye ọ bụla nwere Cross to Bear . 

Reid bụkwa onye edemede nke akwụkwọ nka na magazin, gụnyere Modern Jamaican Art, Art Today na magazin Revue Noire . 

N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2005, ọkụ gbara ụlọ ọrụ nka Reid na ọtụtụ ọnụ ụlọ nke ụlọ ya na Grass Quit Glades, Kingston.

## Ọnwụ
Nwunye ya Mabel Reid hụrụ Reid nwụrụ anwụ n'ụlọ ezinụlọ n'okpuru na mpaghara okpomọkụ ọrụ ya St. Andrew n'ụtụtụ Jenụwarị 10, 2009. N'oge ahụ, a na-ekwu na Reid na-arịa ọrịa kansa prostate, obi buru ibu na ọrịa shuga.

## Ihe odide
Basil Watson

thumb|Basil Watson na 2021
thumb|Watson na National Windrush Monument''Ihe Ncheta Mba Windrush''
**Basil Watson**, OJ CD (amụrụ n'afọ 1958),  bụ onye na-ese ihe na Jamaica.

Ọ bụ nwa nwoke onye na-ese ihe Barrington Watson, na nwanne onye ọkpụ akpụ Raymond Watson. A kwanyere ya ugwu site na Order of Distinction, Commander Class, na 2016, n'ịkwado ọrụ nka ya..

Watson dechara ihe akpụrụ akpụ akpọrọ "Balance" na Nọvemba 2006, nke etinyere na Dr's Cave Bathing Club na Montego Bay, iji sọpụrụ otu narị afọ nke klọb ahụ. Iji gosi nkwekọ dị n'etiti nwoke na nwanyị, ihe ọkpụkpụ a bụ nke nwoke gba ọtọ guzoro ọtọ, otu ogwe aka gbatịpụrụ n'isi ya, na nwanyị gba ọtọ tụgharịrị na-edozi n'otu aka, aka ya na-akwado site n'aka nwoke ahụ weliri elu. Na mkpokọta, ọ dị kubit iri na ise n'ogologo.[1]

N'ọnwa Disemba nke otu afọ ahụ, ọ rụchara ihe oyiyi nke onye na-agba ọsọ Merlene Ottey, nke etinyere na Jamaica's National Stadium. Ihe a kpụrụ akpụ nke ọla nchara, nke dị mita asatọ n'ogologo ma dị narị pound asaa n'arọ, na-egosi Ottey na-agba ọsọ na-eji aka nri ya ruo n'eluigwe.[1] Praịm Minista P. J. Patterson duziri nraranye nke ihe oyiyi ahụ.

A gbakwunyere ọrụ ọzọ nke Watson na National Stadium na Nọvemba 2009, mgbe Praịm Minista Bruce Golding kpughere ihe ọkpụkpụ ya nke onye na-agba ọsọ Herb McKenley. Watson kọwara ọrụ ahụ dị ka "nkwanye ùgwù" na "ihe ùgwù", na-ekwu maka nkwanye ùgwù o ji McKenley kpọrọ ihe.[1] O kwuru na mgbe ọ na-emepụta ọrụ ahụ, o si n'ọtụtụ ihe oyiyi McKenley mepụtara n'oge dị iche iche na ndụ ya, iji dozie ọdịiche dị n'etiti ihe McKenley rụzuru n'oge ọ bụ nwata na aha ya a ma ama n'oge agadi ya.

E gosipụtara ọrụ nke Basil Watson na nwa ya nwoke Kai, onye na-ese ihe, na New York na ngosi nke ise kwa afọ "Art Off the Main" n'ọnwa Ọktoba 2008, nke Savacou Gallery kwadoro.

Na Disemba ahụ, agbakwunyere Watson na ndepụta nke ndị na-ese ihe a kpọrọ ka ha nye ọrụ maka National Gallery of Jamaica's National Biennial exhibition.

A họpụtara ya n'ime ndị ikpeazụ anọ iji mepụta United Kingdom's National Windrush Monument, nke a kpughere na London Waterloo Station na June 2022. 

## Ebem si dee

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Cindy Breakspeare

**Cynthia Jean Cameron Breakspeare** (amụrụ n'October 24, 1954) bụ onye na-agụ egwu jazz nke Canada na Jamaica, onye na-eti egwu na eze nwanyị mara mma. Breakspeare bụ Miss World 1976. Breakspeare bụ nne onye egwu reggae Damian Marley, site na mmekọrịta ọha nke ọbọdọ na ahụ na-erizi mmụta ya na Bob Marley, onye lụrụ Rita Marley ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ. A na-ekwu na Marley dere abụ "Turn Your Lights Down Low" banyere ya. 

## Ndụ na ọrụ
A mụrụ Breakspeare na Toronto, Ontario, Canada, n'aka nna ọcha Jamaican, Louis Cameron Breakspeore, na nne ọcha Canada nke Sitere mahadum nke n'aka ụmụaka na enweta Ihu na mpaghara ọwụwa na Britain, Marguerite Cochrane. O nwere ụmụnne nwoke atọ na otu nwanne nwanyị. Louis Cameron Breakspeare (nwa John Cameron Breaksbeare na Mavis Louise Haughton Sanguinetti) bụ onye Jamaica, ma nwee ndị nna nna Britain, French, na Sephardi. John bụ nwa Thomas John Breakspeare na Charlotte Emeline Hall. Mavis bụ nwa nwanyị nke Edmund Haughton Sanguinetti na Jessie Louise Verley, ndị nwere ndị nna nna French na Sephardi. Ezinụlọ Sanguinetti sitere n'agbụrụ onye Juu Itali.' 

Breakspeare kwagara Jamaica mgbe ọ dị afọ anọ, wee gaa Immaculate Conception High School, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1973. Dị ka onye nọ n'afọ nke ọbọdọ na mpaghara ọwụwa ndọrọ site nzọụkwụ ụtọ agbamakwụkwọ nke ọbọdọ iri na ụma, Breakspeare sonyere na asọmpi ịma mma, gụnyere Miss Jamaica Body Beautiful na Miss Universe Bikini. A kpọrọ ya ka ọ sonye na asọmpi Miss World na 1976 nke e mere na London. N'agbanyeghị na gọọmentị Jamaica nke afọ 1970 machibidoro ndị Jamaica isonye na asọmpi ndị gụnyere South Africa n'okpuru iwu ịkpa ókè agbụrụ ya,  Breakspeare nabatara òkù ahụ wee merie aha ahụ na Nọvemba 19, 1976,  wee bụrụ onye Jamaica nke abụọ mere ya. Ọ na-adọrọ mmasị iburu n'uche na Cindy enwetaghị mmeghachi omume sitere n'aka ọha mmadụ nke Lawrence Rowe na ndị nnupụisi South Africa na-eme njem cricket maka ime ihe yiri nke ahụ n'oge ahụ.   &#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Ndụ onwe onye
Breakspeare nwere mmekọrịta na onye egwu reggae bụ Bob Marley malite na 1976, ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1981. N'agbanyeghị na ọ lụrụ Rita Marley, Marley na ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọzọ nwere mmekọrịta n'oge a, gụnyere Pascaline Bongo, na Yvette Crichton onye mụrụ nwa ya na 1981. Site na mmekọrịta Cindy na Marley ọ mụrụ nwa nwoke, Damian Marley (aka Jr. Gong), na 1978.  Afọ atọ ka e mesịrị, Breakspeare lụrụ onye omeiwu Tom Tavares-Finson na July 19, 1981 (ọnwa abụọ mgbe ọnwụ Marley gasịrị),  onye ya na ya nwere nwa nwoke, Christian (b. 1982), na nwa nwanyị, Leah (b. 1986). Breakspeare na Tavares-Finson mechara gbaa alụkwaghịm na 1994. Breakspeare lụrụ onye egwu Rupert Bent II na 1999. Breakspeare anọwo na-achụso ọrụ ya dị ka ónyé ọtú nke ọbọdọ na mpaghara okpomọkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nkiri Miami na-edekọ egwu na onye ọchụnta ego. O guzobere ụlọ ahịa Rastafarian a na-akpọ Ital Craf na Jamaica. Breakspeare nwere ụmụ ụmụ anọ site na ụmụ ya atọ. Breakspeare ka bụ onye ama ama na Jamaica, na-apụta mgbe ụfọdụ na mgbasa ozi mpaghara. 

## Ihe nkiri

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Articles with hCards
Òtù:Short description is different from Wikidata
Òtù:Articles with short description
Carole Crawford

**Carole Joan Crawford ** (born 13 February 1943) bụ onye Jamaica nwere nhuku n'Afrịka na Yurop, na eze nwanyị mara mma nke okpueze ụwa na-enweghị ikike nke ụwa site na Jamaica na Caribbean iji merie ụwa missben. [Itadchọrọ oge o meriworo n'oge mmeri ya, ọ gbara afọ 20 ma guzoro ọtọ site na oge ụwa na-achọ n'oge mara mma Asọmpi, nke a na-eme na London, Crawford yie iyi egwu mmiri pụrụ iche nke nwere olu dị elu ka ọ na-eyi ogologo. 

Nlaghachi ya na Jamaica, mgbe mmeri akụkọ ihe mere eme ya na London, kpaliri nnukwu emume: "Nchịkọta mgbe m laghachiri dị egwu. Ọdụ ụgbọ elu ahụ jupụtara na ndị mmadụ na-anabata m. Gọọmentị ewepụtala ọtụtụ ìhè n'obodo nkiri na nde stampụ ncheta nwere foto m na uwe ịsa na mpaghara okpomọkụ ọdịda anyanwụ ahụ m na ya. E nwere oriri na Sir Alexander Bustamante na Gọvanọ General Sir Clifford Campbell na nwunye ya. "N'ịpụrụ m mkpịsị ugodi ọla edo nke obodo Kingston. " Iji sọpụrụ ya na-emeri Miss World, Jamaica Post wepụtara usoro stampụ Crawford na-eyi ihe oyiyi nke akara ịsa ahụ.

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Morris Cargill

**Morris Cargill** CD (10 June 1914 - 8 April 2000), bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Jamaica, onye ọka iwu, onye ọchụnta ego, onye ọrụ ugbo, onye nta akụkọ na onye edemede.

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Cargill na Kingston, British Jamaica ma gụọ akwụkwọ na Munro College, ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Jamaica a ma ama, na Stowe School na England, Cargill bụ onye ọka iwu na 1937. N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka Crown Film Unit na Britain. Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, o keere òkè na mmepe nke mmanya kọfị Tia Maria. Mgbe ọ laghachiri na Caribbean, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ akwụkwọ akụkọ na Trinidad, ma, ebe ọ nwetara ubi unere na Jamaica, ọ malitere na mpaghara okpomọkụ ọdịda anyanwụ n'ala nke ọbọdọ na mpaghara okpomọkụ ọrụ dị ka odeakwụkwọ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ Gleaner na 1953 nke ga-adịgide, na nkwụsịtụ ụfọdụ, ruo ọnwụ ya. Ruo na ngwụcha afọ 1970, edemede ya pụtara n'okpuru aha nzuzo **Thomas Wright**.

N'afọ 1958, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye omeiwu nke Federation of the West Indies, dị ka onye na-azọ ọkwá na mpaghara okpomọkụ ọdịda anyanwụ n'ala nke nke Jamaica Labour Party, ma jee ozi dị ka osote onye ndú nke ndị mmegide na ndị omeiwu ahụ maka afọ anọ sochirinụ.

N'afọ 1964, o mere ka enyi ya Ian Fleming dee edemede mmeghe maka akwụkwọ nduzi na Jamaica nke a na-akpọ *Ian Fleming na-ewebata Jamaica*. Na ngwụcha afọ 1960 na mmalite afọ 1970, ya na onye edemede John Hearne rụkọtara ọrụ, n'okpuru aha 'John Morris', n'usoro ihe egwu atọ - Fever Grass, The Candywine Development, na The *Checkerboard Caper* - banyere ọrụ ǹzùzò na mpaghara okpomọkụ ọdịda anyanwụ n'ala nke nke Jamaica. Cargill pụtara, n'ụdị dị ịtụnanya nke onye ọka ikpe ụlọ ikpe dị elu, na njedebe nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Fleming The Man with the Golden Gun .

Ruo afọ abụọ na ngwụcha afọ 1970, ọ hapụrụ Jamaica n'ihi mmegide ya na gọọmentị Michael Manley, laghachiri na 1980 iji sonye na mkpọsa megide Manley. N'oge a, ọ biri na United States ma rụọ ọrụ maka onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ Lyle Stuart, na-edezi nyocha nke Reich nke Atọ na Germany nke a na-akpọ na mpaghara okpomọkụ ọdịda anyanwụ n'ala nke ekwere A Gallery of Nazis, ma na-ede akwụkwọ ncheta a na- woowe *Jamaica Farewell* (nke e bipụtara ọzọ na 1995). 

### Mgbalị igbu ọchụ
Na Mee 26, 1969, Keith Clarke gbara Morris Cargill égbè n'azụ, ọ bụ ezie na ọ lanarịrị mwakpo ahụ. N'otu oge ahụ, Clarke gbara onye na-emepụta kemịkal Julius Walenta égbè ma gbuo ya.

## Ihe odide
Mallica "Kapo" Reynolds

thumb|Jamaica Governor with Kapo and Christopher Hills - detail.jpg
**Mallica Reynolds**, OD (10 Febụwarị 1911 - 24 Febụwarụ 1989), nke a maara nke ọma site na aha nnabata "**Kapo**", bụ onye na-ese ihe na onye ndú okpukpe na Jamaica. A na-ewere ya dị nnọọ n'ókè ọchịchị agaghị ahapụ na ka otu n'ime ndị omenkà kachasị ukwuu na "Intuitives" nke Jamaica, nkwenkwe okpukpe Kapo gosipụtara n'ọrụ ya.

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Mallica Reynolds na Byndloss, Saint Catherine Parish, Jamaica na 10 Febụwarị 1911.  Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, gbalaga na mpaghara okpomọkụ ọdịda Reynolds nwere ahụmịhe na mpaghara okpomọkụ ọdịda anyanwụ site nzọụkwụ ụtọ okpukpe ma malite ịga site na aha "Kapo". Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii, ọ nwetara ọhụụ wee ghọọ onye nkwusa. O mechara kwaga Kingston, ebe o guzobere ụlọ ụka Zion Revival, St. Michael's Revival Apostolic Tabernacle .  Kapo bụ onye ndú n'òtù Zion Revival, ma site na 1976 ruo ọnwụ ya, ọ bụ onyeisi ndị bishọp nke St. Michael's Revival Apostolic Tabernacle.[2]

Ọ malitere ịmepụta ihe osise n'afọ 1940, ọ bịakwara bụrụ onye a ma ama na mba ụwa maka nkà mmụta ọtụtụ ìhè n'obodo n'afọ ndị 1960. Edward Seaga, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị ike nke ga-aga n'ihu na-eduzi Jamaica Labour Party ma mesịa bụrụ Praịm Minista nke Jamaica, na John Pringle, onye guzobere ụlọ ọrụ njem nleta nke Jamaica, bụ ndị mmeri nke ọrụ Kapo. Onye nke ikpeazụ ahụ chịkọtara ọrụ Akpo, ma nye onyinye ya na National Gallery of Jamaica mgbe ọ nwụrụ.  Roberta Flack, onye America na-eti egwu, bụ otu n'ime ndị na-akwado Kapo, American Folk Art Museum na-ejikwa onyinyo ya ugbu a. E gosipụtara ọrụ ya na mba ụwa, gụnyere ihe ngosi isii na United States n'etiti afọ 1953 na 1982. 

N'ịbụ onye nkwenkwe okpukpe ya metụtara nke ukwuu, Kapo kwenyere na chi nyere ya ọrụ ịmepụta ihe osise na ihe ọkpụkpụ. Dr. Veerle Poupeye, onye isi nchịkwa nke National Gallery of Jamaica, dere na "ihe osise na mpaghara okpomọkụ ọdịda anyanwụ n'ala nke ọbọdọ na ihe ọkpụkpụ Kapó, n'ozuzu ya, na-egosi ụwa ndụ ya na Zion Revival". Poupeye kwuru na ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ Kapo gosipụtara emume Zion Revival, egwu, na ịgba egwu.[2] A na-ewere Kapo dị ka onye otu "Intuitives" nka; akara nke National Gallery of Jamaica gbasaa iji kọwaa ndị na-ese ihe na-akụzi onwe ha nke a na-akpọbu "Jamaican Primitives".  A na-ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị omenkà kachasị ukwuu.  

Kapo nwụrụ na 24 Febụwarị 1989, e lie ya na National Heroes Park . 

## Nsọpụrụ
Otu n'ime ihe osise Kapo, "Shining the Spring", bụ nke gọọmentị Jamaica họọrọ dị ka onyinye agbamakwụkwọ maka agbamakwụkwọ Prince Charles na Lady Diana nke 1981.  N'afọ 1983, Kapo ghọrọ onye omenkà mbụ nwere ihe ngosi nke oru nke ọbọdọ na mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ nkiri ọrụ ya gosipụtara na ngosi na National Gallery of Jamaica .  A na-akpọ ya aha na Order of Distinction, ma nye ya Norman Manley Award for Excellence in the Arts. E nyekwara ya Ihe nrite ọla edo nke Musgrave na 1985 site n'aka Institute of Jamaica . 

## Ihe odide
Nwa agbọghọ Zacca

Donnette Ingrid Zacca (amụrụ na 2 Mee 1957) bụ onye na-ese foto, onye nkuzi, na onye na-eme ihe nkiri na Jamaica. *Magazin Jamaica* na National Gallery of Jamaica depụtara ya n'etiti ndị na-ese foto osisi ịga nke ọbọdọ kacha mma na mba ahụ.:: 243  O gosipụtara na National Gallery's Biennial ma bụrụ onye natara Institute of Jamaica's Silver Musgrave Medal na 2015. [2]

A mụrụ Zacca na St James, Jamaica .  Zacca kwuru na ọ tolitere n'ime ime obodo Jamaica dị ka mmalite nke ekele ya maka mpụga. Otu n'ime ihe ndị mbụ o gosipụtara na foto bụ mgbe nwanne nna ya si na United States lọta ma nye ya igwefoto Kodak Instamatic mgbe ọ dị afọ 13-14.[2] Ọ bụ obere ebe na igwefoto na-ese foto nwere ihe ngosi 24.[2] Zacca gara ụlọ akwụkwọ ghọrọ ike akụkọ nke ọbọdọ na ahụ na-erizi mmụta sayensị amata nke oru na sekọndrị Mt. Alvernia .  Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na eserese eserese na agụmakwụkwọ nka na Edna Manley College of the Visual and Performing Arts . [1] N'afọ 1988, Zacca natara agụmakwụkwọ USAID iji mụọ foto na Mahadum Ohio. N'ụzọ dị mwute, ọ nwetara ịkpa ókè n'oge ọ nọ ebe ahụ mgbe nwa akwụkwọ ọzọ bibiri ọrụ nka ya.[2] N'afọ 2004, Zacca nwetara nzere Masters of Fine Art na Maryland Institute College of Art . [1]

## Ọrụ
Zacca na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a dị ka onye nkuzi foto na onye na-ahụ maka ụlọ nyocha na Edna Manley College of the Visual and Performing Arts. Ọ bụ onye guzobere klọb foto nke Jamaica, Just Black and White (JBW). [1] Zacca kọwara nka ya dị ka usoro bụ isi nke ikwupụta na mpaghara ọwụwa ndọrọ ọchịchị akwụkwọ praịmarị echiche ya. Ụzọ o si ese foto dabeere na nlele nke gburugburu ya na nsogbu na nchegbu nke ụmụ nwanyị.[2]

## Ndụ onwe onye

## Ihe ndị ọ rụzuru

* Ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ Jamaica Postal Service nyere ya iwu ka o mepụta stampụ iri na abụọ n'afọ 2003. 
* Ọ natara ihe nrite Silver Musgrave maka uru pụrụ iche.[1]
* Ọ natara onyinye foto nke Jamaica Cultural Development Annual Photography Award . 
* Ọ natara onyinye asọmpi foto nke National Heritage Trust . [2]
* Ọ natara onyinye ịzụta nke National Gallery of Jamaica. [2]

## Ihe odide

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Gloria Cumper

**Gloria Claire Cumper**, onye amụrụ Carpenter (1922-1995) bụ onye ọka iwu Jamaica, onye nkuzi na onye na-eme mgbanwe na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Ọ bụ nwanyị ojii mbụ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Cambridge

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Gloria Carpenter na Jamaica, nwa nwanyị kwere nke ndọrọ ọchịchị ọrụ ǹzùzò na nke W. A. Carpenter, onye na-enyocha ala. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Wolmer's School na St Hilda's Diocesan High School,  tupu ọ si Jamaica kwaga England na 1936,  ebe ọ gara Mary Datchelor School na London. N'ịlaghachi Jamaica, mmalite nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ mere ka o sie ike ịmụ maka ụlọ mmanya na London Inns of Court.

Ya mere, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ maka ọkàiwu na Mahadum nke Toronto, n'okpuru iwu oge agha na-enye ụmụ akwụkwọ Caribbean ohere ịmụ maka ọkàiwo n'ebe ahụ. Ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ na mpaghara ọwụwa ndọrọ ọchịchị ọrụ pụrụ iwu na Girton College na 1945, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nwanyị ojii mbụ na-amụ na Mahadum Cambridge .  Na Cambridge, ọ zutere onye ga-abụ onye na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba George Cumper, ha abụọ lụrụ na ngwụcha afọ 1940.

A kpọrọ Cumper ka ọ gaa n'ụlọ ikpe site na Middle Temple na 18 June 1947, a nabatara ya ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na Jamaica na 17 July 1948 In money worked in plainfield. N'afọ 1948, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ nke na adịghị gafere isiokwu Nkwado site onye nkuzi bi na Mahadum ọhụrụ nke West Indies,  ma nyere aka chọta Ngalaba Iwu n'ebe ahụ. 

E mere emume ndụ Gloria Cumper na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndụ, One Bright Child (1998), nke nwa ya nwanyị, onye na-ede egwuregwu Patricia Cumper. A na-edebe akwụkwọ ya na Mahadum nke West Indies, Mona . 

## Ọrụ

* *Nnyocha nke iwu mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na Jamaica*, 1972
* (ya na Stephanie Daly) *Iwu Ezinụlọ na Commonwealth Caribbean*, 1979
* *Iwu ezinụlọ: ahụmịhe Commonwealth*, 1984

## Ihe odide
Omume ụmụ amaala

## Nkowaputa echichea
Organ(1988)na akowa ocb dika agwa mmadu di mgbanwe na adighi ofuma I gosiputa formal reward system,n'otu aka ahuna akwalite odina mma nkem nzuko ahu".organ'snankowa OCb gunyere ihe ato gbadoro n'ihe ana aru

1.nke mbu,OCBs na eche dika omume ojoo,nke na banyeghi na ihe eziputara n'oru,ma ana aruputa ya site na ndi a horo dika uche obi ha.

2.nke abuo,OCBs na akari ihe  atunyere na o ga eso ihe eziputara n'oru.

3.ikpeazu,OCBs na enye ezi nkwado banyere nzuko nille.

N'otu oge ahu,nkowa organ's(1998) nke OCB na ewelite nnukwu nyochasi.ihe oru a na eme ka nkowa si Ike.ndi nyocha biko iju ma obu OCBs nkowara organ n'uwa.organ(1997),n'isahachi nkocha,kwuru na nkowa mbu ya,oru a pula na nkowa doro Anya banye ezi oru.n'enweghi ezi usoro,obiazie rawa ahu ichoputa ihe ahu di nzuzo

## Ihe ndi yikwara ya
A na-ejikarị OCB tụnyere arụmọrụ gburugburu. N'otu aka ahụ na OCB, echiche a pụtara na nzaghachi maka nghọta na naanị ileba anya n'omume ọrụ ụfọdụ leghaara akụkụ dị mkpa nke ngalaba ọrụ anya. Na mbụ, ndị ọkachamara na mpaghara a lekwasịrị anya naanị na ọrụ ndị kwadoro mmepụta nke nzukọ ahụ. Ka ahịa ọrụ na-aghọwanye ihe ike, ọ dị mkpa ka ndị ọrụ gafee ihe nkọwa ọrụ chọrọ iji nọgide na-asọmpi. A na-akọwa arụmọrụ dị ka omume na-enweghị ọrụ na ọrụ ndị na-enye aka na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na nke uche nke nzukọ ahụ.

Ọrụ ihe gbara ya gburugburu nwere ihe anọ: nnọgidesi ike nke ịnụ ọkụ n'obi, enyemaka nye ndị ọzọ, ịchịkwa na usoro a machibidoro iwu na-eso, na ịgbachitere ebumnuche nke òtù ahụ n'ihu ọha. OCB na arụmọrụ gburugburu ya na-ekerịta àgwà ha na-akọwapụta dịka ha abụọ nwere omume ndị ọzọ karịa ndị dị mkpa iji rụọ ọrụ ọrụ nke ọrụ ahụ. Ha abụọ chọkwara ka omume ndị a nye aka na ihe ịga nke ọma nke nzukọ ahụ. Tụkwasị na nke a, ha kwekọrịtakwara n'isiokwu ahụ na omume ndị a bụ nke aka ha na-eme ma onye ọrụ ọ bụla na-ahọrọ ego na ogo ha ga-eme ha. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ ezie na arụmọrụ gburugburu na OCB na-ekerịta akụkụ dị mma nke ngalaba ọdịnaya ha, enwere ụfọdụ ọdịiche dị mkpa n'etiti ihe abụọ ahụ. Otu n'ime isi ihe achọrọ nke OCBs bụ na anaghị akwụ ha ụgwọ n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro, nke na-abụghị maka arụmọrụ gburugburu. Organ (1997) na-ekwu na OCBs nwere ike ịgba ume n'oge ụfọdụ maka ụdị ụgwọ ọrụ ụfọdụ, mana ụgwọ ọrụ ndị a ga-abụ nke na-apụtaghị ìhè na nke a na-ejighị n'aka. Ọzọkwa, arụmọrụ ọnọdụ anaghị achọ ka omume ahụ bụrụ ọrụ ọzọ, naanị na ọ bụghị ọrụ. Ọdịiche dị n'etiti arụmọrụ na OCB dị obere ma dị mfe ịhapụ, Otú ọ dị, ha dị.
Wilfred Emmanuel-Jones

**Wilfred Emmanuel-Jones** MBE (amụrụ na 7 Nọvemba 1957) bụ onye ọchụnta ego Britain, onye ọrụ ugbo, na Ònye gwara nke ọbọdọ na guzobere "The Black Farmer" ụdị nri. Ọ bụ onye na-enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma na Conservative Party maka Chippenham constituency maka ntuli aka 2010. 

A mụrụ Emmanuel-Jones na Clarendon, Jamaica, mana n'afọ 1961 ya na ndị mụrụ ya kwagara United Kingdom. Ha biri na Small Heath na Birmingham, ebe ọ bụ otu n'ime ụmụaka itoolu buru nke ọbọdọ na bi n'otu obere ụlọ.

## Ọrụ ọkachamara

### Telivishọn
Mgbe ọ rụchara ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ nri, Emmanuel-Jones debanyere aha na atụmatụ ọzụzụ nke dugara n'ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ maka Peter Bazalgette na usoro telivishọn BBC Food and Drink . O mechara gaa n'ihu na-atụ na mpaghara ọwụwa ndọrọ ọchịchị ọrụ na telivishọn, dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe na onye nduzi ruo afọ 15 wee pụta na mmepụta Robert Llewellyn Carpool na 22 Jenụwarị 2010.

Cameron's Black Tory, nke egosiri na Channel 4 mgbe General Election gasịrị na 6 June 2010, mere ihé nke nkiri nke ọbọdọ na mpaghara okpomọkụ nkiri Emmanuel-Jones n'ime afọ anọ na mgbalị ya ịghọ onye omeiwu Conservative Party maka Onye Liberal Democrat nke Chippenham.

### Ọrụ ugbo
Ọrụ telivishọn Emmanuel-Jones nyere ya isi obodo ịzụta Higher West Kitcham Farm, n'ókè Devon na Cornwall na St Giles na Heath, Launceston, nke ọ na-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ ugbo. Ọ ghọrọ onye a maara n'etiti ndị obodo ahụ bụrụ nke na adịghị gafere isiokwu ndị nyeere ya aka na mbụ n'ọrụ ugbo dị ka "The Black Farmer", nke kpaliri ya ịmepụta akara nke otu aha ahụ, nke ngwaahịa ya gụnyere sausages, ọkụkọ, ham na sauces.

Danny Clarke, onye Britain na-ahụ maka ọrụ ugbo, nke ihe ịga nke ọma nke Black Farmer kpaliri, kpọrọ onwe ya Black Gardener si otú a na-enye na mpaghara okpomọkụ ọdịda onwe ya ọhụụ ọkachamara. 

Emmanuel-Jones etinyela aka n'ịmepụta Black Farmer Scholarship, nke ebumnuche ya bụ inyere aka ma gbaa Ndị agbụrụ pere mpe ume ịrụ ọrụ n'ime ime obodo, mpaghara ebe ha na-anọchite anya ha ruo ugbu a. E meela ebumnuche a ka ọ bụrụ usoro TV nke Channel 4, Young Black Farmers, usoro nke atọ, nke na-ahụ ya ka ọ na-ewere Otu Ụbọchị ahụ na-erizi mmụta sayensị ìgwè nke ụmụ akwụkwọ itoolu na-ahapụ ụlọ akwụkwọ dị n'ime obodo site na ndị agbụrụ pere mpe na agụmakwụkwọ na ugbo ya Devon.

A họpụtara Emmanuel-Jones ka ọ bụrụ Onye otu Order of the British Empire (MBE) na 2020 New Year Honours maka ọrụ ugbo nke Britain.

### Azụmaahịa
Emmanuel-Jones guzobere ụlọ ọrụ ahịa na London, ọkachamara na ụdị nri, gụnyere Loyd Grossman, Kettle Chips na Plymouth Gin.   &#x5B;**&#x5D;

## ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ndụ onwe onye
Emmanuel-Jones enwetaghị mmeri na mpaghara Chippenham na ntuli aka 2010 maka ndị Conservative Party. 

## Ihe odide

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Alexandra Chong

áká_èkpè|thumb|Alexandra Chong |348x348px

Ọ bụbu onye guzobere na onye isi oche nke Lulu, ngwa mkpanaka maka ọgụgụ isi mkpakọrịta nwoke ma gụọ na mpaghara okpomọkụ ọdịda anyanwụ site nzọụkwụ nwanyị. Business Insider  na *AdWeek*  amatala ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị ọchụnta ego kachasị elu na New York. Ọ malitere Luluvise na 2011  a tọhapụrụ Lulu na US site na 2013.  A họpụtara ya dị ka *TechCrunch*' 2013 "Fastest Rising Startup".  Badoo nwetara Lulu na 2016.

A mụrụ Chong na Jamaica n'aka nne Canada na nna Chinese-Jamaican,  onye meriri lọtrị ma malite ụlọ ọrụ njem na-aga nke ọma na ego ahụ.  Ọ tolitere na Ocho Rios .  N'afọ ndị 1990, ọ gbara tenis na Federation Cup naanị ụmụ nwanyị. Ọ gara Mahadum Florida International na agụmakwụkwọ egwuregwu, [1] Florida bụkwa otu n'ime isi saịtị maka mmalite Lulu na US.  Ọ bụbu onye otu egwuregwu tennis nke Jamaica Fed Cup  ma nwéré ochá na mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ nkiri Miami akara ugo mmụta iwu na London School of Economics. 

Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ngalaba iwu nke mmalite ikikere egwu. Pham, Tiffany (November 20, 2014). "How She Did It: Alexandra Chong on Founding Lulu, the Private Network for Girls". *Forbes*. Retrieved November 17, 2015. Tupu o guzobe Lulu, Chong nwere ọnọdụ na Upstream, ụlọ ahịa ugbua na mpaghara okpomọkụ ọdịda ọrụ na-ere ahịa mkpanaka na London.

Lulu bụ ngwa na-ese okwu nke ukwuu, na ọrụ ya a na-akọwakarị n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma na akwụkwọ akụkọ a ma ama dị ka "ndị na-ahụ maka mmekọahụ na ndị na-eme ihe",  "na-enweghị na mpaghara okpomọkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nkwekọrịta",  na "nke na-adịghị omimi na nke na-adịghị njọ".  Ntọhapụ nke Lulu kpatara "nlaghachi azụ" ọha na eze  ma nweta nnukwu mkpuchi na-adịghị mma na ndị nta akụkọ maka imebi iwu Facebook na ojiji nke data onye ọrụ. 
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Philip Pike

Tan Sri **Sir Philip Ernest Housden Pike**, PMN, QC (6 Machị 1914 - 20 Machị 2011) bụ onye ọka iwu na onye ọka ikpe nke Jamaica nke jere ozo n'uwa a dị ka Onye isi ikpe nke abụọ nke Borneo,  ma mesịa bụrụ Ónyé ọtú isi ikpe Malawi na Onye isi ikpe Swaziland .

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Pike na Colony nke Jamaica na 6 Machị 1914.  Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị ihe méré ótù nkiri De Carteret na Munro College. Mgbe ọ dị afọ 24, Middle Temple kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa n'ụlọ ikpe ndị England na 29 June 1938. [1]

## Ọrụ
Nhọpụta mbụ Pike bịara na 22 Mee 1949 mgbe a họpụtara ya dị ka onye na-ede akwụkwọ iwu nke Kenya Colony.  Na 15 Jenụwarị 1950, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye na-anọchite anya n'ọnwa nke isii n'ọnwa nke ọbọdọ na mpaghara Solicitor-General na mgbakwunye na ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-ede akwụkwọ iwu. Ọ ga-amalite otu ọrụ ahụ ọzọ malite na 11 Eprel 1951. Pike jere ozi n'ọfịs a ruo na 5 Mee 1952. 

Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị Kenya, e kenyere Pike ọzọ metụtara ọrụ pụrụ na Uganda Protectorate. Na 1 Febụwarị 1954, a họpụtara ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị otu Kansụl Iwu nke Uganda . 

N'afọ 1958, e kenyere Pike na Crown Colony nke Sarawak ije ozi dị ka Attorney-General ya.  Ka e mesịrị na Septemba 1965, e buliri ya elu sị àkù-ñkịtị nke ọbọdọ na mpaghara ka Chief Justice nke Borneo, ọfịs ọ nọrọ ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 1968. [2]

A họpụtara Pike ka ọ bụrụ Onye isi ikpe nke Malawi n'afọ 1969,  na onye isi ikpe Swaziland site n'afọ 1970 ruo afọ 1972. 

Pike nwụrụ na 20 Machị 2011, mgbe ọ dị afọ 97. 

## Nsọpụrụ

* : 
** 50x50px Onye isi nchịkwa nke Order of the Defender of the Realm (PMN (K)) - **Tan Sri** (1968)   
* : 
** 50x50px Knight Bachelor (Kt) - **Sir** (1969)   

## Ihe odide
Val McCalla

**Val Irvine McCalla** (3 Ọktoba 1943 - 22 Ọgọst 2002) bụ onye na-ahụ maka ego na onye ọchụnta ego mgbasa ozi nke Jamaica nke biri na Britain na 1959. A maara ya nke ọma dị ka onye guzobere The Voice, akwụkwọ akụkọ Britain kwa izu nke lekwasịrị anya na obodo alaeze ukwu ndị ọsọ ghọrọ ndọrọ ndị isi ojii Ndị Britain, nke o guzobere na 1982 dị ka  maka obodo British African-Caribbean. A na-asọpụrụ ya dị ka onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ maka obodo ahụ, mana ọ na-enwekwa ndị nkatọ na-ewere ya dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali.

Na ntuli aka *100 Great Black Britons* nke e mere na 1997, a họpụtara Val McCalla dị ka nọmba 68.

A mụrụ Val McCalla n'akụkụ dara ogbenye nke Kingston, Jamaica .  Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Kingston College, ụlọ akwụkwọ ghọrọ ike akụkọ nke sekọndrị nke Jamaica, McCalla gara England na Mee 1959, mgbe ọ dị afọ 15. 

Ọ sonyeere RAF, mana oghere oghere e ji egbu egbu mere ka ntọala na mpaghara okpomọkụ ya nke ịghọ onye na-anya ụgbọelu kwụọ ụgwọ ma kama ọ nụchara nkà ya dị ka onye na-edebe akwụkwọ,  ọ hapụrụ n'etiti afọ 1960. 

Mgbe ahụ, ọ chọtara ọrụ n'ọnọdụ dị iche iche na ebe nchekwa nke hụrụ dị ịrịba àmà akwụkwọ, tupu ọ rụọ ọrụ nwa oge na akwụkwọ akụkọ ọbọdọ, East End News, nke dị nso n'ụlọ ya na Bethnal Green. Ọ malitere akwụkwọ akụkọ The Voice na 1982, akwụkwọ akụkọ Black mbụ nke Britain, ya na otu n'ime ụkpụrụ ezubere mmadụ mata ndị gụnyere onye mgbasa ozi Alex Pascall,   na-amalite ya na Notting Hill carnival n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ ahụ,  ma na-eweta Viv Broughton dị ka onye njikwa ahịa. *Olu* ahụ ghọrọ ebe ọzụzụ maka ndị nta akụkọ na-eduga. O nwere magazin Chic na Pride, na 1991 hiwere The Weekly Journal. 

Na June 2021, na Windrush Day, a kwanyeere Val McCalla ùgwù dị ka onye guzobere The Voice site na ntinye nke ihe ncheta site na Nubian Jak Community Trust n'èzí ụlọ ọrụ Brixton nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ, *Olu* Star House.  

## Ihe odide
Patrick Lipton Robinson

thumb|Patrick L Robinson.jpg
**Patrick Lipton Robinson** (amụrụ na 29 Jenụwarị 1944) bụ onye ọka iwu Jamaica bụ onye ọka ikpe nke Ụlọikpe Ikpe Mba Nile site na Febụwarị 2015 ruo 2024. Tupu nke a ọ bụbu *Onye isi oche* nke International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, ọkwá na mpaghara okpomọkụ ọdịda anyanwụ n'ala ọrụ pụrụ ntakịrị o nwere n'etiti afọ 2008 na 2011  n'oge ahụ Chef de Cabinet ya bụ Gabrielle Louise McIntyre. A họpụtara ya na mbụ na Tribunal na 1998 ma họpụta ya ugboro abụọ kemgbe ahụ. N'afọ 2004, ọ duziri ikpe Slobodan Milošević, onye bụbu onye isi ala Yugoslavia.

Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ ghọrọ ike akụkọ nke na ahụ na-erizi na Jamaica College, Mahadum nke West Indies (BA, 1964), Mahadum London (LLB, 1968) na King's College London (LLM, 1972). Ọ bụ onye natara onyinye mba, Order of Jamaica, nke gọọmentị Jamaica nyere maka ọrụ na International Law na Honorary Doctorate Degrees site na Mahadum nke West Indies, Jamaica, na Christian Theological Mahadum nke West Indies. Ọ bụ onye natara onyinye nke Honorary Membership nke American Society of International Law maka afọ 2011.

Ọ bụ onye dere akwụkwọ Jamaican Athletics - A Model for 2012 and the World .

Ọ bụ ónyé ọtú nke ọbọdọ otu Crimes Against Humanity Initiative Advisory Council, ọrụ nke Whitney R. Harris World Law Institute na Washington University School of Law na St. Louis iji guzobe nkwekọrịta mbụ n'ụwa maka mgbochi na ntaramahụhụ nke mpụ megide mmadụ.

## Ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ o nwere

* 1986: Onye isi oche, United Nations Commission on Transnational CorporationsKọmitii Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu na-ahụ maka ụlọ ọrụ mba ụwa
* 1988&#x2D;: Kọmishọna, Kọmishọna Inter-American maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru MmadụKọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ na America
* 1991-1996: Onye otu, International Law CommissionKọmitii Iwu Mba Nile
* Kemgbe 1996: Onye otu, Kọmitii Biotics nke Mba Nile
* 1995-1996: Onye mba ọzọ, Haiti Truth and Justi&#x2D; CommissionKọmitii Eziokwu na Ikpe Ziri Ezi na Haiti
* 1998-2015: Onye ọka ikpe, Ụlọikpe Mpụ Mba Nile maka YugoslaviaỤlọikpe Mpụ Mba Nile Maka Ebe Ọ bụbu Yugoslavia
* 2008-2011: Onye isi ala, Ụlọikpe Mpụ Mba Nile maka Yugoslavia mbụ 
* 2015-2024: Onye ọka ikpe, Ụlọikpe Mba Nile

## Ihe odide


* Akụkọ ndụ - peeji nke ICTY
* https://www.amazon.com/dp/1906413290*Jamaican Athletics - Ihe nlereanya maka 2012 na Ụwa*
* Nkwupụta vidiyo na mmemme onyinye Carlton Alexander nke Jamaica CollegenaYouTube
* Okwuchukwu nke Patrick Lipton Robinson nke akpọrọ Fairness and Efficiency in the Proceedings of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in the Lecture Series of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International LawUsoro nkuzi nke United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ