Jussuf Abbo

Jussuf Abbo, onye mbụ Jussuff Abbu, (14 February 1890 [1] – 29 August 1953) bụ onye Juu na-ese ihe na-ahụ anya, ndị na-ajụ ya nbipụta na ihe ọkpụkpụ.   Ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Germany ruo mgbe ọ gbagara England na 1935 n'ihi mkpagbu ndị Nazi. . 

## Akụkọ ndụ
Jussuf Abbo njikọ na Safed, Ottoman Palestine nye nnukwu ihe ndị Juu nke ndị ọrụ ugbo.  Obere nkà na nka nka site na nwata wee ikike ezinụlọ ịga ụlọ akwụkwọ Alliance Israel Universelle na Jerusalem.  Mgbe ọ bụ nwafọ, e were ya n'ahụ dị ka onye na-ese Okwute site n'aka onye na-ese ụlọ ụlọ German bụ Otto Hoffmann na Jerusalem site na 1909-10 bụ onye nkà ya, mere ndokwa ka ọ  akwụkwọ na Mahadum Berlin nke Arts .  Abbo rutere Germany na 1911 wee akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Royal Academy of Applied Arts na Berlin na 1913 ebe ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ, ihe na ihe ọkpụkpụ. . 

Ka ọ na-erule 1919 ọ nwere ụlọ ọrụ nna ukwu na Academy of Arts, Berlin wee bụrụ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na okirikiri nka nka Berlin avant-garde ka ọ bụ onye otu Deutscher Künstlerbund (Association of German Artists), nke ihe ngosi 25th kwa afọ (1929 na  Cologne's "Staatenhaus") nwere ihe mgbawa nke nwanyị ọla na ihe nkedo ụzọ ya.[1]  Abbo sonyere na 1923 na nnukwu ihe ngosi mkpokọta na Ferdinand Möller art salon na Berlin, na ihe ngosi mba ụwa ọzọ dị mkpa na 1926 na Galerie Neue Kunst Fides na Dresden.[2]  N'afọ ndị 1920, Abbo so na ndị enyi Else Lasker-Schüler, bụ ndị ọ kọwara ọtụtụ oge na ndị n'aka nke ya dekwara abụ gbasara ya.[3]  Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ihe na onye na-ebi akwụkwọ wee chụọ ọrụ seramiiki ya na ogbako nke ndị omenkà Berlin ibe Otto Douglas Douglas-Hill[4] na Jan Bontjes van Beek. 

Na 1935, n'ịbụ onye na-enweghị obodo n'ihi mgbasa nke Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman na mmalite 1920s, Abbo jisiri ike nweta mba Egypt.  Ya na nwunye ya bụ Ruth Schulz si na Nazi Germany gbaga England. Ọ ghaghị ịhapụ ọrụ ya ma si otú a gbochie ya igosi ya na ihe ngosi na London ma nweta nkwado na obodo ọhụrụ ya.

N'afọ 1937, ebe ụfọdụ ihe ọkpụkpụ Abbo mechara mechara England, [1] na Germany ka ikiri ọrụ ya dị ka Degenerate Art ma ihe ya n'ihu ngosi ihe mgbe ochie niile.  mmetụta Nazi mechara bibie ihe ka ukwuu n'ahụ ahụ e wepụrụ.  N'otu afụ ahụ, ọ meri ọrụ dị mkpa iji kpụpụta ihe osise nke onye agha ndị Britain bụ George Lansbury.  [2] Na 1939, ọ gbara nchekwa Lansbury na Paris, ebe ọ zutere onye na-ese ihe French Charles Despiau .  N'oge agha ahụ, ọ dịghị ike ọrụ ọrụ na studio ya na London ma jiri ọrụ ndị na-adịghị mma na-ere ihe ochie.  Na njedebe nke agha na 1945, ọ dịghị ike idobe ụlọ ọrụ ya na n'ihi ya bibiri ọtụtụ ọrụ ndị e kere na England n'ihi nri ebe nchekwa na n'ihi nkụda ike na ndakpọ.  [1] Ihe isi ike nke ego, ọkụga mmanye, agha na ọnọdụ ọrụ siri ike achụkwara anụ ahụ na nke uche Abbo.  Ọ nwụrụ n'ịgwọ ọrịa dị na Lọndọ na 29 Ọgọst 1953 na-esote ogologo ọdịdị.

## Ọrụ
Ihe dị iche iche nke ọrụ ihe ọkpụkpụ nke Abbo bụ nghọta dị nro na physiognomy na ọnọdụ mmetụta uche nke ndị ọ na-achị,  na-elekwasị anya na nkwupụta, ọnọdụ na àgwà. Na mgbakwunye na ihe ọkpụkpụ, o mekwara ihe karịrị otu puku eserese na mbipụta ihe atụ, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe osise na ịgba ọtọ. Ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ Abbo, n'ịbụ ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe na-emesi ike na ọnọdụ uche na mmetụta uche, nwere ike weere dị ka "Expressionist". 

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ

* Hüneke, Andreas: Abbo, Jussuff. Na: Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon. Die Bildenden Künstler aller Zeiten und Völker (AKL). Band 1 [General encyclopedia of artists. Ndị na-ese ihe na-ahụ anya nke oge niile na ndị mmadụ (AKL). Mpịakọta nke 1], Seemann, Leipzig 1983, p.&nbsp;61,  .
* Dogramaci, Burcu: Jussufs gedicht für Jussuf Abbo [abụ Jussuf maka Jussuf Abbo] *na Der blaue Reiter ist gefallen [The blue rider has fallen]: Else-Lasker-Schüler anniversary almanac*, Hammer, 2015, p.&nbsp;275–277 (onyinye gbasara ọbụbụenyi n’etiti Else Lasker-Schüler na Jussuf Abbo),  .
* Wächter, Anja / Mieves, Esther: Jussuf Abbo na *New /ochie ala nna: R/Mpụga nke ndị nka mgbe 1945*, Kunsthaus Dahlem, 2017, p.&nbsp;160–166,  .
* Dickson, Rachel / Macdougall, Sarah: *Njem mmanye: Ndị na-ese ihe na Mpụga na Britain c.1933-45*, Ben Uri Gallery, 2009,  .
* Abbo (Schulz), Ruth: *Über den Verlust einer kunstkerischen Existenz.* *Jussuf Abbo im Exil [Losing one's Artistic Existence - Jussuf Abbo in Exile] na* KUNST IM EXIL na Großbritannien 1933-45 [Artists in Exile in Great Britain 1933-45] *, Frölich & Kaufmann, 1986,  .* *Ntụgharị asụsụ akụkọ a n'asụsụ Bekee dị n'ịntanetị.* *Lee njikọ mpụga n'okpuru.*

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* ''Bust nke George Lansbury nke Jussuf Abbo, 1937'', mkpirisi biography na People's History Museum (PHM), Manchester, 2016
* ''Lithographs nke Jussuf Abbo, 1920s'' na Museum of Modern Art, New York
* ''Ịhapụ ịdị adị nka nka - Jussuf Abbo na Mpụga'' nke Ruth Abbo (Schulz)
* ''Ntinye gbasara Jussuf Abbo na ebe nchekwa METROMOD'' nke Burcu Dogramaci dere