Asusu igbo

Bambara (Arabic script), nke a makwaara dị ka Bamana (N'Ko script) ma ọ bụ **Bamanankan** (X), bụ asụsụ na asụsụ mba nke Mali nke nwere ike ịbụ nde mmadụ iri na ise na-asụ, nke nde mmadụ ise na **Bambara** na ihe dị ka nde mmadụ iri iri na-asụrụ asụsụ nke abụọ. A na-eme atụmatụ na ihe dị ka pasent 80 nke ndị Mali na-asụ Bambara dị ka asụsụ mbụ ma ọ bụ nke abụọ. Ọ nwere usoro ahịrịokwu isiokwu na ụda okwu abụọ. Aha obodo bamanankan pụtara "asụsụ (kan) nke ndị ọgọ mmụọ (bámànán), ndị jụrụ Islam", [nnyocha na-emezughị] ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị na-asụ Dyula, ndị bụ ndị Alakụba.

## Nchịkọta
Bamana bụ otu ndị otu dị iche iche nke a na-akpọ ndị a na-ejikọ ọnụ, nke ndị na-ekwu okwu ndị obodo ha na-achọpụta akụkọ ọdịnala na Mal Mal I Malyi. A na-atụle manditing na-atụle na-atụle (n'etiti ndị na-ekwu okwu ala) na-adabere na mkpughe ma ọ bụ nke na-ekwu okwu n'etiti ndị na-ekwu okwu - na 40 ruo 40 na mba . Burkina Faso, Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Liberia, Ivory Coast na Gambia. Manding bụ akụkụ nke nnukwu ezinụlọ Mandé nke asụsụ.

## Ebe a na-ekesa ya
A na-asụ Bambara na Mali niile dị ka asụsụ bu isi..A na-asụkarị asụsụ ahụ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, ndịda, na n'ebe ugwu nke Bamako, ebe ndị na-asụrụ ya na / ma ọ bụ ndị na-akọwa dị ka ndị otu agbụrụ Bambara kacha nwee ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ.

Mpaghara mpaghara ndị a na-ahụkarị na mpaghara ebe akụkọ ihe mere eme Bambara nke Bambo Somara nke Bambou, ọkachasị Ségou, mgbe ọ gbadaa site na ndị otu na-eme njem. 

## Asụsụ
Asụsụ bụ isi bụ Standard Bamara, nke nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu site na Maninkakan. [nkọwa dị mkpa] Bambara nwere ọtụtụ asụsụ obodo: Kaarta, Tambacounda (n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ); Beledugu, Bananba, Mesekele (n' ugwu); Jitumu, Jamaladugu, Segu (n'etiti); Cakadugu, Keleyadugu, Jalakadougu, Kurulamini, Banim, Bankarkar, Shɛndugu, Ganadugu (n'Ebe ndịda); Kala, Kurk, Kurkthoroast).

## Ide ihe
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Delaforge_-_Grammaire_et_m%C3%A9thode_Bambara_-_p184.jpg/220px-Delaforge_-_Grammaire_et_m%C3%A9thode_Bambara_-_p184.jpg|thumb|Peeji sitere na Grammaire et méthode Bambara nke Francis Delaforge (1949)
Kemgbe afọ 1967, a na-edekarị Bambara na edemede Latin, na-eji ụfọdụ mkpụrụedemede phonetic ndị ọzọ. Mkpụrụedemede bụ a, e, ɛ (nke bụb*u* è), *i*, o, ɔ (nke bụzi *ò*), u; enwere ike iji ụda olu mee ihe iji gosipụta ụda olu. A na-ede digraph ny mbụ ugbu a *ɲ* mgbe ọ na-akọwapụta palatal nasal glide; a na-edebe mkpụrụ okwu *ny* maka njikọta nke ụdaume imi na ọnụ palatal glide na-esote. N'ịgbaso mgbakọ mkpụrụedemede Bamako *nk*e afọ 1966, a na-ede "ŋ" dị ka "ŋ", ọ bụ ezie na n'akwụkwọ ndị mbụ a na-edekarị ya dị ka *ng* ma ọ bụ nk.

Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ N'Ko bụ edemede nke Solomana Kante chepụtara na 1949 dị ka usoro ederede maka asụsụ Manding nke West Africa; M na-ekwu 'M na-ekwu' n'asụsụ Manding niile. Kante mepụtara Nīko na nzaghachi maka ihe o chere na ọ bụ nkwenye na ndị Afrịka bụ "ndị na-enweghị ọdịbendị" ebe ọ bụ na tupu oge a, enweghị usoro edemede ụmụ amaala Afrịka maka asụsụ ya. N'ko bu ụzọ nweta ndị ọrụ siri ike gburugburu ebe a na-asụ asụsụ Maninka nke obodo Kante nke Kankan, Guinea ma gbasaa site n'ebe ahụ gaa n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ na-asụrụ asụsụ Manding nke West Africa. N'ko na edemede Arabic ka na-eji maka Bambara, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ naanị orthography Latin ka a na-amata na Mali.

Tụkwasị na nke a, Woyo Couloubayi (c.1910-1982) nke Assatiémala mepụtara edemede a maara dị ka Masaba ma ọ bụ Ma-sa-ba maka asụsụ ahụ malite na 1930.  A na-akpọ ya maka ihe odide mbụ na usoro nchịkọta nke Couloubayi họọrọ, Masaba bụ syllabary nke na-eji diacritics egosi àgwà ụdaume dị ka ụdaume, ogologo, na nasalization.  Ọ bụ ezie na ọ nweghị njikọ doro anya na usoro edemede ndị ọzọ, Masaba yiri ka ọ na-adabere na ihe oyiyi ọdịnala Bambara ma na-ekerịta ụfọdụ myirịta na Vai syllabary nke Liberia na mkpụrụedemede nzuzo nke Arabic nke a na-eji na Hodh (nke bụzi Hodh El Gharbi na Hodh Ech Chargui Regions nke Mauritania). Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 1978, a na-ejikarị Masaba eme ihe n'ọtụtụ obodo dị na Nioro Cercle maka ndekọ ego, akwụkwọ ozi onwe onye, na ndekọ nke ekpere ndị Alakụba; a maghị ọnọdụ na mgbasa nke edemede ahụ ugbu a.

### Asụsụ Latịn
Ọ na-eji ụdaume asaa a, e, ɛ, i, o, ɔ na u, nke ọ bụla n'ime ha nwere ike ịpụta n'imi, pharyngealized ma na-atụ ụja, na-enye ngụkọta nke ụdaume 21 (mkpụrụedemede na-eru nso ha IPA). [citation needed] Ide ederede Latin malitere n'oge French colonization, a na-ewebata orthography mbụ na 1967. Ịgụ na ide dị oke, ọkachasị n'ime ime obodo. Ọ bụ ezie na akwụkwọ edemede na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-agbanwe (n'ihi oke French dị ka "asụsụ nke ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ"), enwere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ a na-ekwu n'ọnụ, nke na-abụkarị akụkọ banyere ndị eze na ndị dike. Akwụkwọ a a na-ekwu okwu ọnụ bụ ndị griots (*Jeliw* na Bambara) bụ ndị ngwakọta nke ndị na-akọ akụkọ, ndị na-agụ egwu otuto, na akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmadụ bụ ndị mụrụ ọrụ nke ịbụ abụ na ịgụghachi ọtụtụ afọ. Ọtụtụ n'ime abụ ha dị nnọọ ochie ma a na-ekwu na ọ malitere na alaeze ochie nke Mali.

### Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ

* A na-akpọ ya
* B B B B
* C a na-akpọ [t͡ʃ]
* N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ dị otú a
* N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'ihi ya ka a na-akpọ
* Ọ bụ n'afọ iri na ụma
* N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'ihi ya ka a na-akpọ ya
* Shia na-akpọ
* Sụ a na-akpọ
* N'ihi ya, a na-akpọ ya
* __ibo__ N'ihi ya, a na-akpọ ya
* Sọnk
* Sụ A na-akpọ
* N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'ihi ya ka a na-akpọ "Chun"
* N'ihi ya, ọ na-agụ
* Йыara n'Anya
* N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-adị n'anya
* O si otú ahụ
* Ọ bụ otú ahụ ka a na-akọwa ya
* N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ dị otú a
* R R R R
* Ọ bụ n'ihi ya ka a na-akpọ ya
* A na-akpọ ya
* A na-akpọ ya
* N'ihi ya, a na-akpọ ya
* Ya na ya na ya
* Z Z Z Z

### Akwụkwọ ozi ndị ọzọ

* Kh (nke a na-eji maka okwu ndị e si n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ si n'Afrịka nweta)
* -n Akara ụdaume
* Shia (ụdị mpaghara nke s)

### N'ko orthography

#### Mkpụrụedemede

* A na-akpọ ya
* A na-akpọ ya
* Sị na-esote
* A na-akpọ ya
* A na-akpọ ya
* Shia o [o]
* A na-akpọ ya

#### Mkpụrụ okwu

* Skọ na-ekwu maka ya
* Akụkụ nke a na-akpọ
* A na-akpọ ya
* A na-akpọ ya
* Akụkụ nke a [t͡ʃ]
* A na-akpọ ya
* A na-akpọ ya
* Shia
* A na-akpọ ya [g/ʀ/ɣ]
* Akụkụ nke a na-akpọ [ɡ͡b]
* Nke a bụ [f]
* Akụkụ nke a
* A na-akpọ ya
* Nkọwa nke a
* Akụkụ nke a na-akpọ "Anya"
*  Ọ bụ n'ihi na ọ bụ n'afọ iri na ụma ka a na-akpọ
* Nkọwa na-egosi na
* A na-akpọ ya
* N'ihi ya, ọ na-agụ ya
* Shia Shia SHA
* Akara ụdaume

#### Ụda ụda

* Akụkụ dị mkpirikpi
* Akụkụ dị mkpirikpi
* Ogologo oge dị elu
* Ogologo ala

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụ okwu

Mkpụrụ okwu ọ bụla na-anọchite anya otu ụda ma e wezụga ụfọdụ:

* A na-akpọ "W" dị ka n'asụsụ Bekee (dịka ichere) ma e wezụga na njedebe nke okwu, mgbe ọ bụ akara dị n'ọtụtụ ma na-akpọ ya dị ka [u].
* A na-akpọkarị "S" dịka okwu Bekee "lee" mana a na-akpọ ya mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka "sh" [ʃ] dịka okwu "akpụkpọ ụkwụ" ma ọ bụ dị ka [z].
* A na-akpọkarị "G" dịka okwu Bekee "go" mana n'etiti okwu, enwere ike ịkpọ ya dịka okwu Spanish "abogado" ([ɣ]) na mgbe ụfọdụ na mmalite nke okwu dị ka [gw].

### Mkpụrụedemede

## Asụsụ
Bambara bụ asụsụ aglutinative, nke pụtara na a na-agbakọta morphemes ọnụ iji mepụta okwu.

Ọdịdị ahịrịokwu bụ isi isiokwu-ihe-okwu (SOV).  Were *a*hịrịokwu, n t'a lo*n* (Amaghị m [ya]). n bụ isiokwu (M), a bụ ihe (ya), na *[ta] lon* bụ ngwaa ([ịmara). *T*' sitere na akara ngosi oge ugbu a na-adịghị mma té, *bé* bụ akara ngosi oge dị ugbu a (*n b'a* don ga-apụta "Amaara m ya"). Dị ka ọtụtụ asụsụ SOV, Bambara na-eji postpositions kama prepositions - ọrụ ha yiri prepositions Bekee mana etinye ya n'azụ aha.

Asụsụ ahụ nwere ụda abụọ (nke dị n'etiti / ọkọlọtọ *na* nke dị elu); dịka sa 'ọnwụ' vs. sá 'agwọ'. Ọdịdị arụmụka nke asụsụ ahụ nwere isiokwu, nke enyemaka aspectival sochiri, nke ihe na-esote, na n'ikpeazụ ngwaa na-agafe agafe.  

Bambara anaghị agbanwe maka okike. Enwere ike ịkọwa okike maka aha site na ịgbakwunye adjective, *-* Turi ma ọ bụ *-kɛ* maka nwoke na -muso maka nwanyị. A na-emepụta ọnụọgụ site na itinye nsonaazụ ụdaolu *-u*, ọtụtụ mgbe na ụda dị ala (na orthography, *-w*) na aha ma ọ bụ adjectives.

### Okwu mgbazinye
N'ime obodo ukwu, a gbanwere ọtụtụ njikọ Bamanankan n'iji ya eme ihe kwa ụbọchị site na mgbazinye ego French nke na-emekarị akara mgbanwe koodu. Asụsụ Bamako na-eji ahịrịokwu dị ka: *N tara Kita* ma ọ dịghị onye nọ ebe ahụ. : *Agara m Kita [Bamanankan ] mana ọ dịghị onye nọ ebe ahụ [French]*. Okwu ahụ na Bamanankan naanị ga-abụ, ọ ga-abụ "Oru Kita nka mɔkɔ si tun tɛ yen". A na-ejikwa okwu French "est-ce que" mee ihe na Bamanankan ; Otú ọ dị, a na-akpọ ya nke nta nke nta ma dị ka nkeji atọ, .

Bamanankan na-eji ọtụtụ okwu mgbazinye French. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ nwere ike ịsị: *I ka* *kurusi* ye jaun ye: "Kpu gị bụ odo" (iji okwu French maka odo, odo).)

Otú ọ dị, mmadụ nwekwara ike ịsị: *I ka kulosi ye nɛrɛmukuman ye*, nke pụtakwara "uwe gị bụ odo". Okwu Bamanankan mbụ maka odo sitere na "*nɛrɛmuku*," bụ ntụ ọka (muku) nke e ji néré (mịkụ ụgbụ mee), mkpụrụ sitere na ogologo mkpụrụ osisi. A na-ejikarị Nɛrɛmuku eme ofe na Southern Mali.

A na-ejikọta ọtụtụ okwu ndị a gbazinyere na French na ụda 'i'; nke a bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị mgbe ị na-eji okwu French nke nwere ihe a na'ụzọ ọdịnala na-adịghị ahụ na Mali. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, okwu Bamanankan maka snow bụ *niegei*, dabere na okwu French maka snow. Ebe ọ bụ na snow enwetụbeghị na Mali, ọ nweghị okwu pụrụ iche na Bamanankan iji kọwaa ya.

### Ihe Nlereanya

## Egwú
Ndị na-ese ihe na Mali dị ka Oumou Sangaré, Sidiki Diabaté, Fatoumata Diawara, Rokia Traoré, Ali Farka Touré, Habib Koité na di na nwunye Amadou & Mariam na-abụkarị abụ na Bambara. Okwu na Bambara na-apụta na Stevie Wonder's Journey Through "The Secret Life of Plants".

Tụkwasị na nke a, n'afọ 2010, otu egwu rock Spanish Dover wepụtara abọm studio nke asaa ya I Ka Kené na ọtụtụ okwu n'asụsụ ahụ. Onye America na-eti egwu Nas weputara egwu akpọrọ "Sabali" na 2010, nke gosipụtara Damian Marley. *Sabali* bụ okwu Bambara nke pụtara ndidi.

## Ọnọdụ iwu
8Bambara bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ asụsụ nke Mali họpụtara dị ka asụsụ mba.

## Ihe odide

### Ihe e dere n'akwụkwọ


### Ebe e si nweta ya
 

## Njikọ mpụga
 
 
 
 

### Nkọwa

* Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Mali Asụsụ

### Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu

* Maliyiri.com bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke na-enye nsụgharị Bekee-Bambara-French ma bụrụ ọrụ obodo ebe ndị ọrụ nwere ike ịgbakwunye okwu ọhụrụ, nkọwa, nye nzaghachi ma soro ibe ha.
* Corpus Bambara de Référence - Etiquetage online na nbudata Bambara-French Dictionary (ihe dị ka 11,500 ntinye na ngwụcha afọ 2014), na ndepụta French-Bambara, jikọtara ya na Corpus B Barbara de Référence
* Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Bambara-English nke ka taa nke na-ahụ maka ekwentị nke gụnyere French na Jula.
* 
* Bambara-French-English dictionary online na nbudata lexicons maka ndị na-amụ asụsụ
* Aha osisi Bambara (aha sayensị -> aha a na-ahụkarị)

### Ihe mmụta

* Online Bambara Course si na Mahadum Indiana
* &nbsp;(168 KB) on peacecorps.gov

### Ndị ọzọ

* Corpus Bambara de Référence Corpus Bamba de Référence, a electronic corpus of Bambara texts (ihe dị ka 2,000,000 okwu na njedebe 2014)
* Ngwa gam akporo nke Maliyiri.com, nke nwere ọtụtụ puku ndị ọrụ kwa ụbọchị, na-enye nsụgharị Bekee-Bambara-French na ndị ọrụ nwere ike ịhọrọ inweta ọkwa okwu kwa ụbọchị / kwa izu maka mmụta na-aga n'ihu.
* Bambara Electronic Library, AMALAN ̊ LLACAN
* An ka taa: ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nwere akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu, ihe onwunwe na mgbasa ozi maka ịmụ Bambara na Manding n'ozuzu.
* Bambara na French Wikibooks nwere ihe ndị ọzọ
* Akwụkwọ akụkọ Mandenkan
* PanAfriL10n peeji na Manding (gụnyere ozi gbasara Bambara)
* Maneno na Bambara (ikpo okwu ịde blọgụ nwere interface Bambara zuru ezu)