Meredydd Evans

**Meredydd Evans** (9 Disemba 1919 - 21 Febụwarị 2015), nke a maara dị ka Merêd, bụ onye nchịkọta, onye nchịkọta akụkọ, ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na onye na-eme Egwú ọdịnala nke Wales. Onye isi na mgbasa ozi Welsh ruo ihe karịrị ọkara narị afọ, a kọwawo Evans dị ka onye na-emetụta "ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ **mpaghara** ọ bụla nke ndụ ọdịbendị Welsh, site na egwu ọdịnala na nkà ihe ọmụma ruo mgbasa ozi na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị asụsụ".

Evans bu ụzọ chọta ihe a ma ama dị ka onye otu egwu a ma ama bụ Triawd y Coleg, na-ede ihe mbụ maka otu ahụ yana ime ka egwu ndị dị ugbu a bụrụ Welsh. Onye na-eme ihe nkiri, ihe ịga nke ọma ya dị ka onye na-eme na BBC Radio mere ka a kpọọ ya "Bangor Bing". Malite n'afọ ndị 1950, Evans mere ihe ndekọ Asụsụ Welsh na-enweta ihe nrite ma bipụta nchịkọta na nyocha na mmekorita ya na nwunye ya a mụrụ na America Phyllis Kinney, na-enyere aka ichekwa ma kwalite egwu Welsh n'ụwa niile. Evans jere ozi dị ka Onye isi nke Light Entertainment na BBC Wales n'etiti 1963 na 1973; n'ọrụ a, a na-eto ya na nchọpụta ndị na-eme ihe nkiri gụnyere Meic Stevens na Ryan Davies. Ọ bụ onye na-eduga na-eme mkpọsa maka ikike asụsụ Welsh, na-ekere òkè n'omume nnupụisi obodo na-abụghị nke ime ihe ike na ndụ ya. Ihe ndekọ nke Evans na Kinney bụzi akụkụ nke Welsh Music Archive na National Library of Wales.

## Ndụ Mmalite
 
Onye a mụrụ na Llanegryn dị na Merionethshire, a zụlitere Evans na Tanygrisiau .  Ọ bụ nwa ikpeazụ n'ime ụmụ iri na otu a mụụrụ Charlotte Evans (a mụrụ n'ezinụlọ Pugh, 1881-1965) yana di ya Richard Evans (1867-1936). Richard, onye na-akwado ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na onye injinia, rụrụ ọrụ n'ebe a na-egwupụta granite Foel ebe Charlotte na-akwalite ndụ ụlọ, na-agba ụmụ ya ume ịgụ ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ma na-abụrụ ha abụ, na-enye Evans ihe ngosi mbụ o nwere na abụ ọdịnala Welsh.   Mgbe Evans dị afọ iri na anọ, ọ hapụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ mgbe nna ya dara ọrịa nke ukwuu ịrụ ọrụ ma kwado ezinụlọ ya site n'ọrụ ọ na-arụ na Co-op, ebe ọ nọrọ afọ asaa. Richard Evans nwụrụ site n'ọrịa silicosis na 1936, mgbe nwa ya nwoke nke ikpeazụ dị afọ iri na isii. 

Site na 1938, Evans nwere mmasị ọ zobere n'obi ya ịghọ onye ọgụ-egwu nke Calvinist Methodist ma malite ikwusa ozi ọma n'ógbè ahụ.   Ka ọ na-erule oge a, Evans aghọwo onye na-eme udo na onye òtù Fellowship of Reconciliation .  N'afọ 1939, ka ọ fọrọ onwa ole na ole tupu  Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ amalite, Evans debara aha ya n'akwụkwọ dị ka onye jụrụ agha n'ihi akọ na uche. O mechara chee ụlọ ikpe ihu iji kwuo na ọ bụ ihe o kwuru a ma nye ya nnwere onwe n'enweghị ihe mgbochi ọbụla pụọ n'ozi agha n'ihi okpukpe na mbido 1940. Evans nọgidere na ndụ ya niile n'ịkwado enweghị ọgba aghara.   Na Septemba 1940, Evans debanyere aha na Clwyd College, Rhyl iji mee ihe ọmụmụ nkwadebe maka ozi ahụ. N'afọ sochirinụ, ọzụzụ ya gara n'ihu na Mahadum College of North Wales, Bangor .  Na Septemba 1943, o kpebiri ịhapụ ọmụmụ ihe ahụ ma kama ọ gara ọmụmụ ihe na nkà ihe ọmụma. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'ógó nke mbụ na 1945, ọ bụkwa onye isi oche nke Kansụl Ụmụ akwụkwọ na 1946 ruo 1947 .

## Ọrụ

### Triawd ya Coleg

Mmasị Evans nwere na egwu Welsh malitere n'oge ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ na Bangor, n'okpuru mmetụta nke Oriaku. Enid Parry. Ọ malitere ọrụ dị ka onye na-agụ egwú ọdịnala naanị ya ma guzobe òtù egwu nwere olu ndakọrita n'akụkụ n'akụkụ, Triawd y Coleg, ya na Cledwyn Jones na Robin Williams. Ha atọ ghọrọ ndị a ma ama n'elu ikpo okwu, na-eme egwu ndị Evans na-edekarị gụnyere "Triawd y Buarth" (The Farmyard Trio).  Mgbe ha dọtara uche onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri na BBC bụ Sam Jones, a kpọrọ Triawd y Coleg ka ha bụrụ kpakpando nke mmemme ntụrụndụ redio n'asụsụ Welsh **'Noson Lawen**'. Bụ nke a na-agbasa kwa ọnwa site na Bangor, mbipụta ọ bụla nke ihe ngosi ahụ bụ nke ndị òtù ahụ mere; Jones zụlitere ha, onye a maara na ọ na-akpọchi Evans n'ime ụlọ ruo mgbe o mepụtara okwu maka ịgụ egwu. Noson Lawen wetara ndị na-ege ntị egwu Triawd y Coleg na-atọ ọchị na nke na-emetụ n'ahụ site n'akụkụ niile nke Wales ma mee ka ha bụrụ aha dị n'ọnụ ọbụla. N'otu oge, e mere atụmatụ na pasent iti abụọ nke ndị Welsh na-ege ntị na mmemme ahụ. Ndị òtù ahụ bụ ndị na-eme egwu mbụ n'asụsụ Welsh nwetara aha ọma site na redio, ihe ịga nke ọma ha mere ka Evans bụrụ aha dị n'ọnụ ọbụla. Triawd y Coleg pụtara na ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi dabere na mmemme ahụ na 1950, ebe Evans kpara àgwà nwa onye ọrụ ugbo nke na-arọ nrọ maka ihe ndị ka ukwuu. N'ime afọ ndị 1960, Triawd y Coleg dekọrọ usoro egwu otu otu na EP maka Welsh Teldisc ma, n'afọ ndị 1970, mee abọm abụọ maka Sain. Ha pụtara ugboro abụọ na National Eisteddfod nke Wales (na 1947 na 1971) ma gaa n'ihu na-eme ihe mgbe ụfọdụ ruo n'ime afọ ndị 1990.

### Academia, ime ndekọ na telivishọn

A họpụtara Evans ka ọ bụrụ onye nkuzi na nkà ihe ọmụma na nkwenye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Coleg Harlech na 1947.  Na Maachị nke afọ ahụ, ọ zutere Phyllis Kinney, onye America na-agụ egwu, mgbe ọ na-eme njem dị ka onye ndu na Carl Rosa Opera Company na UK. Onye a mụrụ na Pontiac, Michigan na 1922, Kinney gụrụ akwụkwọ na Juilliard School ma mee ka Evans mara egwu ọdịnala si gburugburu ụwa. Di na nwunye ahụ lụrụ onwe ha na 10 Eprel 1948 ma mụọ nwa nwanyị, Eluned, na 1949. 

Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha afọ ndị 1940, Evans bụ onye na-anọkarị na redio Welsh, ma dị ka onye na-agbasa ozi ma onye na-eme ihe nnụrụ. A maara ya maka abụ mmadụ abụọ nke ya na Kinney na-agụ yana maka ọrụ ya dị ka onye òtù Triawd y Coleg .  O nwere ụda olu tenọ dị mfe, nke onye nta akụkọ Constance Hale kọwara dị ka "nke n'otu oge dị gam na ntị ma na-adọrọ mmụọ, na-aba ahụ ofụma ma na-eme ka obi sie ya ike". Ụdị ịbụ abụ ya mere ka a kpọọ ya "Welsh Bing", nke na-ewute ya. N'afọ 2015, onye so guzobe Sain bụ Huw Jones kọwara Evans dị ka "onye mbụ a ma ama na-abụ abụ pop nke Welsh".  

Evans hapụrụ Coleg Harlech na 1950 wee sonye na ndị òtù nchịkọta akụkọ Hughes and Sons na Oswestry dị ka onye enyemaka nchịkọta akụkọ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ Welsh *Y Cymro* .  Na Jun 1952, Evans na ezinụlọ ya kwagara America ebe ọ debanyere aha na Mahadum Princeton, inweta nzere PhD na nkà ihe ọmụma. E nyere ya nzere ọkankuzi ya n'afọ 1955. Mgbe ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ na Princeton, Evans natara akwụkwọ ozi site n'aka Moe Asch, onye guzobere Folkways Records, onye nwere mmasị dị ukwuu ịnụ abụ ọdịnala Welsh. Evans dekọrọ nhọrọ n'ọkụ n'ọkụ nke egwu ndị na-abụghị nke ụka dị n'asụsụ Welsh maka Asch, ha niile n'ụdị a capella, n'ihe o chere na ọ bụ ndekọ ule. N'ụzọ tụrụ Evans n'anya, Asch wepụtara ihe ndekọ ahụ dị ka abọm; *The New York Times* kpọrọ ndekọ egwu ọdịnala Welsh ahụ otu n'ime iri na abụọ kachasị ewu ewu na 1954   A tụlere abọm ahụ na *DownBeat*, onye dere "Meredydd Evans na-abụ abụ na-akpali akpali n'asụsụ Wales na-aga ije ọdịda nke ọma".  Site na 1955 ruo 1960, Evans kụziri na Mahadum Boston, ebe ụmụ akwụkwọ họpụtara ya na 1957 ka ọ bụrụ Prọfesọ nke Afọ ahụ. N'oge a, ọ zutere Albert Einstein, Arthur Miller na Marilyn Monroe. N'oge ọ nọ na America, Evans na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'ịkwalite egwu Welsh na mba ahụ, na-ekere òkè na mmemme Gymanfa Ganu, na-enye adreesị ma na-eme ihe ngosi gasị, ugboro ugboro ya na Kinney.

Mgbe ọ laghachiri Wales na 1960, a họpụtara Evans ka ọ nọchie Cynan na Ngalaba Ọmụmụ Ihe Na-abụghị nke Obodo na Bangor. Ya na Kinney, o dezigharịrị nchịkọta atọ nke *Egwú Welsh* akọwapụtara dị ka "ọrụ ntụaka doro anya maka ụdị egwu mba a".  N'afọ 1962, Evans dekọrọ abọm ọhụrụ, A Concert of Welsh Songs, ya na Kinneay, onye na-akpọ ụbọ akwara Russia Maria Korchinska na ọtụtụ ndị na-agụ egwú na ndị na-akwado nke Robert Docker duziri ma hazie.  Kinney mechara kọwaa abọm ahụ, nke mbụ Evans jiri ngwá egwú gụọ, dị ka "ọdịnala nke e jiri ejiji ofụma ka o kwekọọ ya na ndị na-ege ntị".  Evans mechara dee egwu maka uri ịhụ mba n'anya nke Harri Webb "Colli Iaith" (itufu asụsụ), nke nwetara ọnọdụ nke ikuku ọdịnala. N'afọ 1976, Sain wepụtara Merêd, abọm ọhụrụ nwere abụ ọdịnala Welsh iri abụọ na asatọ nke aha ya bụ isiokwu ma bụrụ nke onye Ọkà mmụta egwu D. Roy Saer webatara.

N'afọ 1963, Evans ghọrọ Onye isi nke Light Entertainment na BBC Wales .  Na mbụ, ọ hụrụ ọrụ ahụ dị ka ihe ịma aka ma ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ kwụsị mgbe afọ mbụ gasịrị, na-agwa S4C na 2014; "M ghọtara ozugbo na ọ ga-abụ ọgụ siri ike. Omenala asụsụ Welsh adịghị na Vaudeville, ụlọ egwu ma ọ bụ Cabaret. "  Dị ka onye isi, Evans mepụtara ọtụtụ mmemme telivishọn a ma ama gụnyere Fo a Fe, *Ryan na Ronnie*, Disc a Dawn, Lloffa na *Hob na Deri Dando*.  A na-eto ya maka ịchọpụta ndị nwere nkà gụnyere Meic Stevens na Ryan Davies n'oge ọ nọ n'ọkwa. Evans tinyere akwụkwọ maka ọkwa onye isi mmemme na 1969, mana ọ nweghị isi, ọ ma hapụ ọrụ ya dị ka onye isi Light Entertainment na 1973. Mgbe ahụ, ọ sonyeere Ngalaba nke Ọmụmụ Ihe na-abụghị nke obodo na Mahadum Cardiff, ebe ọ bụ onye na-ahụ maka nhazi asụsụ Welsh ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na 1985. N'afọ 1973, Evans guzobere Y Dinesydd, akwụkwọ akụkọ asụsụ Welsh maka Cardiff na onye bu ụzọ maka Papurau bro n'ọdịnihu.

N'afọ ndị 1970, Evans na Kinney biri na Cwmystwyth, ebe ha nyere aka na obodo ma kụziere ọtụtụ ndị agbata obi ha Welsh; dị ka onye na-ede akụkọ ndụ R. Arwel Jones si kwuo, ụlọ di na nwunye ahụ ghọrọ "ebe mkpọkọta nke ndị mmadụ nọ n'afọ ndụ niile, si Wales niile na ụwa niile ndị ga-agbakọta ebe ahụ iji nwee mkpakọrịta ha ma rite uru site na amamihe dị egwu nke di na nwunye ahụ". Nso ebe obibi ha dị n'ọba akwụkwọ mba Wales, Aberystwyth nyere di na nwunye ahụ ohere itinye ezumike nká ha n'ịmụ akụkọ mmalite nke abụ na egwu ọdịnala; nnyocha ha pụtara kwa mgbe kwa mgbe na Canu Gwerin, akwụkwọ akụkọ nke òtù egwu ọdịnala Welsh. N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2007, Mahadum Wales bipụtara mpịakọta *Festschrift* maka Evans na Kinney, "nchịkọta n'asụsụ abụọ zuru oke nke edemede nkatọ dị iche iche gbasara akụkụ dị iche iche nke abụ Welsh na egwu ọdịnala site na ndị ndú ọkachamara na ndị egwu Wales"  iji mee emume maka ntinye ha "ọ bụghị naanị na egwu ọdịnala Welsh kamakwa na ọdịbendị na asụsụ nke Wales".  Mmasị mbụ Evans nwere na nkà ihe ọmụma gara n'ihu; na 1984, o bipụtara ọmụmụ ihe a ma ama nke onye ọkà ihe ọmụma Scottish Enlightenment David Hume. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche nke ngalaba nkà ihe ọmụma nke òtù ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Wales na 2007, na onye isi nsọpụrụ ya na 2012.  Evans ga-ede uri mgbe ụfọdụ, mgbe dịka mgbe maka Cwrdd Bach (nzukọ uri) kwa afọ na Cwmystwyth.

### Mgbalị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị
 
Evans hapụrụ òtù Labour Party wee sonye na Plaid Cymru na 1960.  O mechara bụrụ onye isi na Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg (òtù maka asụsụ Welsh) ma bụrụ onye na-akwado usoro mgbanwe na-abụghị nke a na-eme n'ike iji kwalite ọdịmma nke ndị na-asụ Welsh. Nkwado Evans maka mkpọsa òtù ahụ ndị na-ese okwu mgbe ụfọdụ "ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na o furu ya ọrụ onye nchịkwa nke BBC Wales n'ezie", ọrụ a kpọrọ ya aha n'ọtụtụ ebe maka ya, dị ka onye nta akụkọ Meic Stephens si kwuo. N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1979, Evans, ya na ndị nkuzi ibe ya abụọ, Ned Thomas na Pennar Davies, banyere na Ihe na-ezipụ ozi telivishọn Pencarreg dị ka akụkụ nke mkpọsa nnupụisi oha obodo iji mee ka gọọmentị Margaret Thatcher mezuo nkwa ha kwere tupu e mee ntuli aka iguzobe ọwa telivisheneng n'asụsụ Welsh. A chọpụtara na mmadụ atọ ahụ dara iwu na n'ụlọ ikpe Carmarthen Crown maka ịgbanyụ ihe na-ezipu ozi ahụ n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị, mana a na-ekwu na mkpọsa ahụ nyere aka na mmalite nke ọrụ mgbasa ozi asụsụ Welsh S4C na 1982.  

N'okwu esemokwu nke 1986 na National Eisteddfod nke Wales, Evans katọrọ gọọmentị etiti na nke okpuru ọchịchị maka ileghara mmetụta ọdịbendị nke nnukwu mbata nke ndị na-asụ naanị Bekee n'ime imeobodo Wales anya. N'afọ 1993, ya na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ a ma ama na Wales banyere n'ụlọ ikpe Carmarthen Crown Court ma bibie oche onye ọkaikpe na mkpọsa mechara gaa nke ọma maka ime Iwu Asụsụ Welsh ọhụrụ. N'afọ 1999, Evans pụtara n'ụlọ ikpe mgbe ọ jụrụ ịkwụ ụgwọ ikikere TV ya, na-ekwu na e nwere mbelata n'ọnụ ọgụgụ mgbasa ozi n'asụsụ Welsh n'ime afọ iri gaferenụ.   Ọ dị njikere ịga mkpọrọ, mana ndị enyi ya na-echegbu onwe ha maka ahụike ya kwụrụ ụgwọ ahụ. Site na 1998, Evans butere ụzọ na mkpọsa iji guzobe Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol .  Mgbe emesịrị guzobe ya na 2011, a kpọrọ Evans Onye isi oche nke Cyfeillion y Coleg (Ndị enyi nke Coleg) ma nye ya Ịbụ onye òtù nsọpụrụ na Nzukọ Kwa Afọ nke Coleg na Swansea. N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2014, e kwuru na Evans na-akwado ngagharị iwe n'ụzọ udo site na Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg na-esote ngagharị iwe e mere na Aberystwyth.

## Ndụ Agadi ya
Evans nwere nkwụsị nke okwukwe na ndụ ya mgbe ọ kawara nka, na-ewere onwe ya dị ka onye na-ekweghị na Chineke nwa oge.

N'agbanyeghị ịwa ya olu, Evans nọgidere na-abụ abụ n'oge agadi ya. Ihe ndekọ ikpeazụ ya, "Cân y Dewis", pụtara na abọm Gai Toms', *Betel* (2012).  Ọ rụrụ ọrụ kwa ụbọchị na ọmụmụ ihe ya ruo ọnwa ole na ole tupu ọnwụ ya.

Mgbe ọ rịara ọrịa nkụnwụ ahụ, Evans nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri itoolu na ise na 21 Febụwarị 2015.  Ọtụtụ narị ndị na-eru uju bịara ememe olili ozu ya. N'etiti ihe ndị ekwuru ito ya, Jamie Bevan nke Cymdeithas yr Iaith kwuru "na-ewezuga ya, anyị agaghị enwe ụfọdụ n'ime uru maka asụsụ Welsh, ọkachasị ọwa asụsụ Welsh, S4C, Iwu Asụsụ Welsh na Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol. "  Evans na Kinney nyere ihe ndekọ ha na ọbá akwụkwọ mba Wales, ebe ha bụzi akụkụ nke Ndekọ Egwu Welsh ugbua. 

## Nkwanye ùgwù
N'afọ 2013, e nyere Evans Tywysydd (onye nduzi) na Parêd Gŵyl Dewi Aberystwyth (St David's Day Parade) nke mbụ emerela kemgbe maka ọrụ ya na Wales na asụsụ Welsh. E nyere ya ihe nrite Good Tradition Award mgbe ọ nwụsịrị site na BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2015 maka ntinye ya na mweghachi nke abụ ọdịnala Welsh. N'afọ 2019, e nyere Evans na Phyllis Kinney ihe nrite Welsh Music Prize Inspiration Award .  N'otu afọ ahụ, Evans bụ otu n'ime ndị UK nke oge a dị narị abụọ na iri abụọ na isii ndị nwụrụ na 2015 ndị a nabatara na *Oxford Dictionary of National Biography*.  Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol na-enye ihe nrite nye Meredydd Evans Memorial Prize (Gwobr Merêd) kwa afọ. 

## Akwụkwọ ndị O bipụtara

* *Hume* Gwasg Gee, Denbigh. 1984.
* *Merêd: detholiad ma ọ bụ當時rifau Dr. Meredydd Evans* (edged Geraint Huw Jenkins, Ann Ffrancon), Gomer, Llandysul, 1994.
* *Canu'r Cymry* Mpịakọta 1&2. Abụ ọdịnala Welsh. Welsh Folk-Song Society.

## Nkọwapụta Egwu

### Nke Naanị ya kụrụ

* Abụ ọdịnala Welsh (Folkways, 1954) 
* Egwú *Egwú Welsh* (Delysé, 1962) 
* Merêd (Saint, 1976) 

### Nke ya na Triawd y Coleg kụrụ

* Triawd y Coleg (Sain, 1973) 
* Y Noson Lawen (Sain, 1973) 

## Ihe Ndị edeturu

## Edensibịa

## Njikọ mpụga

* Welsh Folk Songs Album nkọwa na Folkways RecordsIhe ndekọ Folkways
* Ihe ndekọ Sain https://web.archive.org/web/20070929124232/http://www.sain.wales.com/sain/thing.aspx?thingid=251&letter=Mhttps://web.archive.org/web/20070929124119/http://www.sain.wales.com/sain/..%2fsain%2fproduct.aspx?productuid=219248&clickproductonpage=
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