Asụsụ Proto-Kra

**Proto-Kra** bụ nna ochie arụgharịrị nke asụsụ Kra . Weera Ostapirat wughachiri ya na 2000 na Ph.D ya. akwukwo akwukwo.

## Nrụgharị ọkwa dị ala
Ostapirat (2000) nyere mwugharị ụda olu mmalite maka ọtụtụ ọkwa dị ala tupu ha anwa nwughari nke Proto-Kra.

* **Proto-Kra**
** Proto-South-Western Kra
*** Proto-Western Kra ( Gelao, Lachi )
*** Proto-Southern Kra ( Laha )
** Proto-Central-East Kra
*** Proto-Central Kra ( Paha )
*** Proto-Eastern Kra ( Buyang, Qabiao )

## fonology

### Consonants
Proto-Kra nwere ngụkọta nke consonants 32, asaa n'ime ha (akara na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ) nwere ike ime dị ka syllable ikpeazụ (Ostapirat 2000: 224, 236).

### Miyake (2008, 2021)
Marc Miyake (2008,  2021  ) na-atụ aro ka nwughari ọzọ maka Ostapirat's (2000) Proto-Kra retroflex consonants, na-atụ aro na ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ n'ezie ndị na-abụghị retroflexes nke e mmetụta tupu syllables, karịsịa na alveolar consonants intervocalic positions. N'asụsụ Kra synchronic, a na-egosipụtakarị ntugharị uche dị ka okwu nkwuwa okwu, nke Miyake (2021) ekwetaghị na ọ malitere site na mgbanaka retroflex mbụ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme. Ụfọdụ ihe atụ nke nrụgharị Proto-Kra nke Miyake (2008) edegharịrị n'okpuru.

* * ts'm 'otu' (Ostapirat's Proto-Kra * tʂəm C )
* *tsun 'kuziri' ( Ostapirat's Proto-Kra * tʂun A )
* *N-tsu 'pillar' (Ostapirat's Proto-Kra *m-tʂu A )
* * nok 'nnụnụ' (Ostapirat's Proto-Kra * ɳok D )
* * nui 'snow' (Ostapirat's Proto-Kra * ɳui A )
* *nəl 'abụba' (Ostapirat's Proto-Kra *(m-)ɳəl A )
* *CV-nəŋh 'salty' (Ostapirat's Proto-Kra *ʔ-ɳəŋ B )
* * na 'oke' (Ostapirat's Proto-Kra *C-na A )
* * nak 'nye' (Ostapirat's Proto-Kra * nak D )
* * klep 'mkpịsị aka' (Ostapirat's Proto-Kra *ʈ-lep D )
* *(k/tV-)loŋ 'akwukwo nri' ( Ostapirat's Proto-Kra * ɖ-loŋ A )

Miyake (2021) na-ewughachi ụfọdụ ụdị lexical disyllabic maka Proto-Kra, gụnyere *mata A 'eye', *manok D' nnụnụ', na *kVtu A1 'Louse'.

Ọzọkwa, Miyake (2008) na-enyocha Ostapirat's Proto-Kra * pwl- dị ka *CV-pl-, *bwl- dị ka *CV-bl-, *m-pl- dị ka *pl-, *(p/d/k) -l- dị ka * (p/d/k) Vl-, *ʈ-l- dị ka kl-, * (p/d/k) Consonants Proto-Kra na Miyake (2021)  ka atụnyere Ostapirat (2000) bụ:

### Udaume
Proto-Kra nwere ngụkọta nke ụdaume 6 (Ostapirat 2000:235).

Proto-Kra nwere diphthong 4, nke anaghị ahụ n'ime mkpụrụokwu mechiri emechi .

* 
* 
* 
* 

### Ụda
Proto-Kra nwere usoro ụda ụda A–B–C–D nke a na-ahụkarị na asụsụ Tai–Kadai ndị ọzọ ( *lee asụsụ Proto-Tai#Tones* ). Nkọwa ụda n'okpuru sitere na Ostapirat (2000:237).

# *** A** : * A bụ otu n'ime ụda a na-ahụkarị.
# ***B** : *B na *D yiri ụda olu, n'ihi na ntụgharị ụda *D na-adịkarị ka nke *B. Nke a na-emekarị n'asụsụ Kra niile ma ewezuga Qabiao .
# ***C** : *C na-esonyere ya na mgbachi glottal ma nwee ike na mbụ nwere ogo laryngeal na-egbuke egbuke ma ọ bụ nke siri ike. Ụfọdụ ụdị Gelao na Yalang Buyang na-egosipụta otu ntụgharị maka * B na * C.
# ***D** : *D bụ naanị ụda na-eme naanị na mkpụrụokwu mechiri emechi .

Tebụl na-esonụ nke njirimara ụda ụda nke Proto-Kra ka e megharịrị site na Ostapirat (2000:237).

## Lexicon
N'okpuru ebe a ka arụgharịrị ụdị Proto-Kra sitere na Ostapirat (2000).
 

## Ihe ndetu

## Ntụaka
(Coupe 2004).

## Hụkwa

* Asụsụ Proto-Austronesia
* Asụsụ Proto-Hlai
* Asụsụ Proto-Kam-Sui
* Asụsụ Proto-Tai
* Asụsụ Austro-Tai

## Njikọ mpụga
 

* ABVD: Ndepụta okwu Proto-Kra
* ABVD: ndepụta okwu nke asụsụ Kra-Dai Archived  
Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations