Belkis Ayón

Belkis Ayón (23 Jenụarị 1967 – 11 September 1999) bụ onye na-ebi akwụkwọ Cuban ike na-agụnye nke mkpokọta .  Ayón kere nnukwu akwụkwọ ihe atụ oke, dabere na Abakuá, six, ọha mmadụ Afro-Cuban niile.  Service ya na-ese oji na nke ọcha, na-enwe ihe oyiyi oyiyi na-acha ọcha nke nwere isi ogologo na anya efu, anya nke yiri almond, nke edobere n'arịrị, nke nwere ikike. 

## Ndụ mbido
A akwụkwọ ya na Havana, Cuba na 1967. Site na 1979 ruo 1982: 20 ọ gara de Octubre Elementary School of Arts, na Havana.  Ruo afọ anọ site na 1982 ruo 1986 ọ gara San Alejandro Academy, Havana.  Site na 1986 ruo 1991, Ayón gara Instituto Superior de Arte a ma ama na Havana ebe ọ matsayin nzere bachelọ na Engraving, wee sonye na ngalaba ya ka ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ.

## Ọrụ
Isi isiokwu bụ isi nke nkà Ayón bụ Abakuá, ihe nzuzo, naanị mkpakọrịta nwoke na nwanyị nwere akụkọ ifo dị mgbagwoju anya nke na-eme ka ememe na omenala ha mara. Otu ụmụnna malitere na Naijiria na Cross River na Akwa Ibom wee bute ya na Haiti na Cuba site n'ahịa ohu na narị afọ nke 19. 

Ayón nyochara akụkọ banyere Abakuá nke ukwuu, na-emesi ike n'ụzọ pụrụ iche na onye a ma ama na naanị nwanyị n'okpukpe, Princess Sikan. Dị ka akụkọ ifo etiti Abakuán si kwuo, otu mgbe Sikan weghaara Tanze na mberede, azụ a na-agba agba nke nyere ndị nụrụ olu ya ike dị ukwuu. Mgbe o were azụ̀ ahụ gakwuru nna ya, ọ dọrọ ya aka ná ntị ka ọ gbachie nkịtị, gharakwa ikwu banyere ya ọzọ. Otú ọ dị, ọ kpọsara ozi ahụ nye onye ọlụlụ, onye ndú nke otu ndị iro. Ntaramahụhụ ya bụ ikpe ọnwụ na ya na Tanze nwụkwara.

Akụkọ a na-abịa n'ụdị ịgbachi nkịtị n'ọrụ ya, isi okwu. Echiche nke ịgbachi nkịtị pụtara ìhè na enweghị ọnụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ya niile. Ngosipụta Belkis Ayón nke nraranye Sikan n'akwụkwọ ya nwere ike were ya dị ka mmebi iwu n'ihi na, n'ụzọ dị ịtụnanya, Ayon, bụ nwanyị na-ese ihe, na-enye onye isi mmegide Sikan, nwanyị, olu na akụkọ ifo Abakua, nke na-amachibidoro ụmụ nwanyị. N'ụzọ dị otú a, Belkis nupụrụ isi megide nwoke na nwanyị na omenala ndị nna ochie rụrụ ụka na a gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ na Cuban ọha mmadụ site n'igosi na okpukpe na ọnụnọ nke nwanyị.   

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, Ayón bụ naanị onye na-ese ihe a ma ama iji obere ọrụ dabere na obodo Abakuán.   N'ihi na ụmụ mmadụ n'onwe ya isola ihe ngosi ole na ole nke dị ifo ya, Ayón nwere nnukwu akwụkwọ ozi onwe iji anya njide ifo ha n'onwe ya.   A na-ele anya ọtụtụ emee Abakuán n'ihe odide ya, ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-adabere na omenala Ndị egwuregwu nakwa nke Afro-Cuban .   Nkwenkwe Abakuán dị iche na ụmụ na Chineke na-egosi nke ndị Kọmunist Cuba n'oge ahụ. 

## Ụdị na usoro
Ayón raara onwe ya nye n'ka, usoro ibipụta akwụkwọ maka ọrụ na akwụkwọ.  Mgbe ike nke Soviet Union, ihe oriri bịara sie ike maka ndị na-ese ihe.  O ji ike tinye ihe dị iche iche textures dị iche iche (kadịdị, peelings inine, ibe n'ibe akwụkwọ, acrylic, na abrasives) na mpempe kaadiboodu, na-ese n'elu matriks iji kaadị.  N'ikpeazụ, na-eji ngwa nbipụta nke ejiri aka mee ihe na-esi na ya pụta .  [1] Ọ na-esekarị ma ọ bụ na-ese ihe ndị a na-akpa, na-ekepụta usoro dị aso anya na ebe embossing na-ama violin miri na udidi.  Ọrụ ya na-egosi ihe atụ na akara nke ibu, nke na-akwado mgbe ụfọdụ na, n'oge ndị ọzọ, na-eme ka nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ya dị elu.  Ka ọ na-erule njedebe nke ọrụ Ayón, onye ọrụ n'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ buru ibu, mgbe ụfọdụ na-akpata ihe dị ka mpempe akwụkwọ 18 ọnụ iji wuo otu ihe oyiyi, ma ọ bụ na-etinye ndị buru ibu na armature nke  ga-enye ha ụgbọ ụlọ, na-ebuli elu ndị ọzọ ndị na-ekiri ya

A mara Ayón nke ọma maka ọrụ ọrụ tumadi na oji, ọcha, na ndo nke isi awụ.  Na akara ndị a, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-acha ọcha na- atụ atụ na-adị iche na foto gbara na n nnukwu.  Mbipụta a na- rie ma anụmanụ - dị ka past, azụ, na ewu - na ụdị mmadụ, ntụaka na ihe mere eme nka, na akara ngosi.  [1] Ihe atụ ama ama nke ọrụ ya egwu Longing (1988), Mbilite n'ọnwụ (1998) na Untitled ("Ọdịmma ojii na-ebu ọcha") (1996).  Otú ọ dị, ọ na-eji agba mara mma na ụfọdụ ọrụ mbụ ya na ọkụ ihe maka akara.  Otu ihe atụ akara bụ La Cena (1991), akara buru ibu nke o ji kee ihe iku ọkụ na pink, ígwè ígwè, odo na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ.  Ihe atụ ndị ọzọ nke ọrụ agba zuru oke egwu Nasako Began (1986), Syncretism I (1986), na ndị inyom na-akpachapụ anya!  Sikan Kpachara anya!!  (1987).

Site n'ime nwoke ifo Abakuán nke na-achị site n'ịmepụta akara ngosi nke nha anya anya, Ayón megidere iwu mmadụ.  Iji mee nke a, ọ na-agwakọta ihe oyiyi sitere n'Okpukpe Abakuán na Ndị nke pịa mgbe ụfọdụ, dị ka ọ dị n'inye ihe na ihe na-ahụra (1997).  N'akwa, ọ nọ na-egosi otu onye ngosi ma ọ bụ onye senti bụ onye na-ahụ nke yi uwe ọcha na uwe mwụda na-acha uhie n'ụdị otu Abakuán yi uwe ojii, nke nwere diamond ojii n'azụ isi isi.  ya.  Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ na-eji ụdị mgbaàmà anya, dị ka na La Cena, bụ ebe ọ na-ama ụfọdụ ndị na-eso ụzọ na Nri Anyasị Ikpeazụ na-ama atụ.  O jikwa mkpa Sikan mkpa .

## Ihe ngosi na ebe obibi
Egosipụtala ọrụ Ayón n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ụwa niile.  E gosila ya na ihe ngosi otu na Canada, South Korea, Netherlands na Spain (2010).  [1] Na 1993, o pịa na Venice Biennale nke iri na isii wee nweta ihe nrite mba ụwa na International Graphics Biennale na Maastricht, Netherlands.  [2] Biennials ndị ọzọ ọ gara egwu Havana Biennial, Bharat Bhavan International Biennial of Prints in India, na San Juan, Puerto Rico Biennial nke Latin America na Caribbean Engraving nke ịbụ ya ihe nrite.

Na 1998 Ayón natara anọ obibi na United States na-arụ ọrụ na Temple University 's Tyler School of Art, Philadelphia College of Art, Rhode Island School of Design, na Brandywine Workshop.  [1] N'otu afụ ahụ, a àmà ya osote onye isi oche nke Association of Plastic Artists of National Union of Writers and Artists of Cuba .

## Nchịkọta
Enwere ike ịhụ ọrụ ya ugbu a na mkpokọta ngosi-adịgide nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ihe mgbe ochie, ngosi Museum of Contemporary Art Los Angeles na Museum of Modern Art na New York.  Site na 2 October 2016 ruo 12 February 2017, Fowler Museum mere ihe ngosi ngosi ihe mbụ nke Ayón site n'ebe nke ala ya;  ihe ngosi ahụ mechara gaa El Museo del Barrio na New York na Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art na Kansas City, nabatara nke ọma.  [1] [2] [3] Nleghachi azụ azụ nke ọrụ ya na Europe pịa  Tips), akara monochromatic mere na 1993, na- riekwa na nchịkọta nke Pérez Art Museum Miami (PAMM).  [5] Na 2023, National Gallery of Art na Washington, DC [6] phon ya Sin titulo [Mujer en posición fetal] (Enweghị aha, Nwanyị nọ n'ịbụ nwa ebu n'afọ), 1996.

## Ọnwụ
Ayón ji mgbọ egbe gbuo onwe ya n'iche na Havana na 11 September 1999. Ọ dị afọ 32. Ihe eserese igbu onwe ya ka bụ ihe omimi nye ndị enyi ya na ebe ya.  [1] Otú ọ dị, akwụkwọ akụkọ New York Times obisuary hotara ya ka ọ na-ekwu maka nka ya, n'afọ ọ nwụrụ:Ndị a [ọrụ] bụ ihe m nwere n'ime ka m na-atụpụ n'ihi na e nwere ibu arọ nke ị na-enweghị ike ibi ndụ ma ọ bụ dọkpụrụ, ... Ikekwe nke ahụ bụ ihe ọrụ m bụ - na mgbe ọtụtụ afọ gachara, ahụrụ m nsogbu ahụ. 

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Belkis Ayón 1967–1999
* "Nkame: Nlegharị anya nke onye na-ebipụta Cuban Belkis Ayón", Fowler Museum
* Akụkọ nka nka na ndịda
* "Pimera Individual En Eeuu De Belkis Ayón, Una Artista Prolífica En Su Corta Vida", *Artishock*, 5 Nọvemba 2016
* Christina García, "Belkis Ayón na LA N'elu ihu, akpụkpọ na ihe nzuzo", *Cuba Counterpoints*
* "El mundo misterioso de Belkis Ayón", *Akụkọ nka Cuban*, 8 Nọvemba 2016
* Andrea Gyorody, Ndị nkatọ na-ahọrọ, *ArtForum*
* Simone Kussatz, "Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Fowler: Belkis Ayón", *Magazin Artillery*, 21 Disemba 2016
* "Kachasị mma nke 2016: Ihe ngosi nka kacha elu nke 10 Los Angeles", *Hyperallergic*, 28 Disemba 2016
* "Ịchọgharị ụwa na-enyo enyo nke akụkọ ifo nwanyị Cuban"
* Sola Agustsson, "Na Mbipụta Iwu, Onye Omenkà Afro-Cuban Belkis Ayón United Mythology and Cultural Critique", *Artslant*, 21 Jenụarị 2017
* "Belkis Ayón" na mkpokọta Farber
* "Belkis Ayón Manso", AfroCubaWeb
* "NKAME: Nlegharị anya nke onye na-ebi akwụkwọ Cuban Belkis Ayón", El Museo del Barrio
* "Belkis Ayón", LUAG.
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations