Ingrid Pollard

**Ingrid Pollard** MBE (amụrụ 1953) bụ onye omenkà na onye na-ese foto Britain. Ọrụ ya na-eji foto eserese na onyonyo odida obodo enyocha ihe arụrụ arụ dịka Britishness ma ọ bụ ọdịiche agbụrụ. Ejikọtara Pollard na Autograph, Association of Black Photographers . Ọ na-ebi ma na-arụ ọrụ na London .

N'afọ ndị 1980, Pollard wepụtara foto nke ndị ojii n'ime ime obodo, nke akpọrọ *Pastoral Interludes* .  Ọrụ ndị ahụ na-agbagha ụzọ omenala Bekee si etinye ndị isi ojii n'obodo ukwu. 

Site na 2005 ruo 2007, ọ chịkọtara Tradewinds2007, ihe ngosi ngosi obibi mba ụwa nwere ihe ngosi na Museum of London Docklands . O sonyela na ihe ngosi otu na Hayward Gallery  na Victoria &amp;amp; Albert Museum . 

Pollard rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ihe n'ụlọ n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ, gụnyere Lee Valley Park Authority, London (1994), Cumbria National Park (1998), Wysing Arts, Cambridge (2000), Chenderit School, Oxfordshire (2008), na Croydon College (2011).  O nweela ọtụtụ ọkwa nkuzi ma bụrụkwa onye nkuzi ugbu a na Photography na Mahadum Kingston . Pollard bụ onye otu nyocha nke Mapping Spectral Traces. N'afọ 2016, e nyere ya onyinye nkwanye ugwu nke Royal Photographic Society . Na 2018, ọ bụ onye mmekọ mbụ Stuart Hall Associate Fellow na Mahadum Sussex .

## Ndụ

### Oge nwata
A mụrụ Pollard na Georgetown, Guyana na 1953. Mgbe ọ dị afọ atọ ma ọ bụ anọ, ezinụlọ ya kwagara United Kingdom, bụ́ ebe nna ya biburu, ma tolite na London. Ọ kọwapụtala ịma mgbe ọ bụ nwata maka foto ezinụlọ."Echetaghị m oge mbụ m sere foto, ma m tolitere n'ụlọ nke ezinụlọ foto-albums na akụkọ ndị ha na ha na-aga. Papa m na-esere ọtụtụ foto maka ọba anyị ma mesịa jiri ụfọdụ n'ime ha mee ihe. foto na ọrụ nke m." Pollard malitere iji igwefoto igbe nna ya mee foto nke ya. Dị ka onye nọ n'afọ iri na ụma na njedebe 1960, ọ na-ese foto osisi na ọrụ nsị na Lea Valley, East London, maka oru ngo nke ụlọ akwụkwọ,  ihe atụ nke ọrụ foto ya tozuru okè na-enyocha ala.

### Ọrụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
Dị ka onye na-eto eto na-ese ihe, Pollard bịara nwee mmasị na mmegharị nnwere onwe gburugburu agbụrụ, okike na mmekọahụ. Na mbido 1980s, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Lenthall Road Workshop, foto nwanyị na mkpokọta mbipụta ihuenyo na mpaghara Haggerston nke Hackney, East London. Ọ bụ otu n'ime mmadụ iri abụọ guzobere Autograph ABP ( Association of Black Photographers) na 1988.

Pollard esonyela ọtụtụ ihe ngosi nke jikọtara ọrụ nke ndị na-ese ihe nkiri Black British, gụnyere *Black Women Time Now* ( Battersea Arts Center, London, 1984), *The Thin Black Line* ( ICA, London, 1985) na *ndị na-ese foto ojii atọ* ( Commonwealth Institute, London)., 1986).

Pollard dechara nzere BA na ihe nkiri na vidiyo na London College of Printing na 1988 na, n'etiti 1986 na 1993, rụrụ ọrụ na ndị ọrụ nka maka obere ọrụ ihe nkiri.  Achọpụtara foto ya na mbipụta nyocha nke Birmingham's *Ten.8* magazine  Ọ gara n'ihu mechaa MA na Photographic Studies na Mahadum Derby na 1995. Enyere ya PhD site na mbipụta nke Mahadum Westminster na 2016. 

## Ọrụ
N'afọ ndị 1980, Pollard malitere ịdọrọ uche maka usoro foto ya, ọkachasị ndị na-enyocha ọnụnọ ndị isi ojii na mpaghara bekee, gụnyere *Pastoral Interlude* (1987–1988), *Seaside Series* (1989), *Wordsworth's Heritage* (1992) na *ihe ngosi onwe.* (1995). N'usoro isiokwu a, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ihe na-akpalite echiche nke ihe nketa ma ọ bụ na-egwuri egwu n'echiche na-enweghị isi nke metụtara ala obodo: akwụkwọ ozi ihe ncheta, uri William Wordsworth na foto ndị nwere aka. Ọ na-etinyekarị nkwupụta ederede na nhota n'akụkụ ihe onyonyo ya iji tụọ usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị maka ọrụ foto ya. Ịzụlite ụdị dị otú ahụ kwere Pollard aka mgba echiche nke ime obodo dị ka isi bi na-eleta ndị ọcha, na yiri echiche na Black British ndị mmadụ na-adị na-ewu ewu nsụhọ na obodo ntọala. 

Edebere stereotypes ndị a gbasara agbụrụ nke ime obodo England na nkọwa nke etinyere na foto mbụ nke *Pastoral Interlude:*"... ọ dị ka a ga-asị na ahụmahụ Black na-ebi naanị n'ime obodo mepere emepe: echere m na m nwere mmasị na mpaghara ọdọ mmiri ebe m na-awagharị naanị dị ka Black ihu na oké osimiri nke na-acha ọcha. Nleta n'ime ime obodo na-enwe mmetụta mgbe niile. obi erughị ala, egwu….. Site na 2005 ruo 2008, Pollard na-arụ ọrụ nyocha n'ime "Nwa ojii", aha a na-ejibu ụfọdụ ụlọ mmanya na England.  Nke a mere ka e bipụta akwụkwọ Pollard nke 1994, *Hidden in Public Place.*  na ihe ngosi solo, *Specter of the Black Boy* (Kingsway Gallery, Goldsmiths University of London, 2009). &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Nkwanyere ugwu, ihe nrite na nnabata
Enyere Pollard onyinye nkwanye ugwu nke Royal Photographic Society na 2016. 

Na 2018, Pollard bụ onye mmekọ nke Stuart Hall Associate Fellow na Mahadum Sussex . 

Na 2022 Pollard bụ otu n'ime ndị nka anọ ahọpụtara maka ihe nrite Turner . 

A họpụtara Pollard onye otu Order nke Alaeze Ukwu Britain (MBE) na nkwanye ugwu 2023 maka ọrụ nka. 

Enyere Hasselblad Award na 2024.

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ

### Akwụkwọ ndị Pollard bipụtara

* *Akụkọ ezoro ezo: Akụkọ ihe nketa* . 1994. Site na edemede Lola Young na ajụjụ ọnụ Liz Wells. Katalọgụ ngosi.
* *nso na n'ebe di anya* . 2001. Site na edemede Susan Trangmar. Katalọgụ ngosi.
* *Ụlọ akwụkwọ ozi* . Chris Boot na Autograph ABP, 2004.
* *Ezochiri n'Ebe Ọha* . Usoro akwụkwọ oge ụfọdụ. Mahadum South Bank nke London, 2008. Site na mmalite nke Andrew Dewdney.
* *Banyere Frame.* Nkà Ọhụụ n’ime Obodo ime obodo, 2013. Site na edemede Carole McKay. Katalọgụ ngosi.
* *Tụlee ìhè na ọchịchịrị* . Chateau de Sacy, France: Ndị na-emepụta ihe na Sac, 2015. Site na edemede Ella Mills. Katalọgụ ngosi.

### Mbipụta nwere ntinye aka nke Pollard

* *Passion*, nke Maud Sulter deziri . Urban Fox, 1990. Site na isiakwụkwọ nke onyonyo Pollard.
* *Nlegharị anya zuru ezu*, nke Tessa Boffin na Jean Fraser deziri. Pandora Press/Harper Collins, 1991.  . Site na isi nke onyonyo Pollard.
* *New Geographies of Race and Racism*, nke Caroline Bressey na Claire Dyer deziri. Ashgate, 2009. Pollard nyere otu isiakwụkwọ, "Inwe na Britain-Fathers Hands".

### Mbipụta nwere ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Pollard

* *Polareyes: Akwụkwọ akụkọ sitere na gbasara ụmụ nwanyị ojii na-arụ ọrụ na foto* . Deziri Maxine Walker, Molly Shinhat, Mumtaz Karimjee, Jenny McKenzie, Amina Patel, Samena Rana, Similola Coker, Brenda Agard, Lesley Mitchell. mbipụta nke 1, 1987. "Ingrid Pollard na-agwa Molly Shinhat okwu", ibe 41.

## Nchịkọta
A na-eme ọrụ Pollard na mkpokọta ọha ndị a:

* Nchịkọta Kansụl nka 
* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Victoria na Albert 
* Tate 

## Ntụaka
Cumbria National Park (1998), Wysing Arts, Cambridge (2000), Chenderit School, Oxfordshire (2008), na Croydon College (2011).  O nweela ọtụtụ ọkwa nkuzi ma bụrụkwa onye nkuzi ugbu a na Photography na Mahadum Kingston . Pollard bụ onye otu nyochaMaxine Walker, Molly Shinhat, Mumtaz Karimjee, Jenny McKenzie, Amina Patel, Samena Rana, Similola Coker, Brenda

## Njikọ mpụga

* Official website
* "Personal Cartographies – Year 2 Agnes Poitevin-Navarre and Jeremy Wood"
* "Sunil Gupta: Pictures from Here and Ingrid Pollard: Postcards Home"
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations