open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Raymond Castellani

Raymond Jay Castellani (February 13, 1933 - Ọktoba 18, 2021) bụ onye omere agwa America.  Dị ka onye bụbu onye amụma, ọ ntọala ntọala Frontline Foundation, nke na-enye ndị na-achọ ebe obibi nri na Los Angeles' Skid Row .

A Masesi Castellani na Albany, New York na February 13, 1933. N'afọ 1995, Castellani nri nrite ụmụ amaala onye isi ala n'aka Onye isi ala Bill Clinton na emume White House.  N'ime ime 1990s, Onye isi ala George HW Bush ịkpọ Castellani n'etiti " puku isi ihe nke ìhè " ya.  Ọ gara The Albany Academy, klas nke 1952. Mgbe ọ ozizi akwụkwọ, ọ mmepụta na semester na Mahadum Springfield .  N'oge a ọ natara akwụkwọ ọkwa, wee jee ozi dị ka onye mmiri n'oge Agha Korea .

N'ime 1950s na 1960s, Castellani mere n'elu egwuregwu, ihe nkiri nkiri, na ihe nkiri, nkiri Bonanza, Lawman, na Dragnet .  [1] Ọtụtụ mgbe, ọ na-ahụ egwu.  Iwe na-egbu Castellani na-ebelata, ọrụ ya tara na nka ime ihe na-emebi emebi.  N'agbanyeghị nke a, ọ chiri na ihe ngosi dị ka, The Dakotas, Adam-12, Temple Houston, Night Gallery, Simon na Simon, Kojak, Planet of the Apes, Nwa McNaughton, Judd for the Defence, The DA,  Sam, Mobile One, Mberede!  , Quincy, The Redd Foxx Show, Lucan, Turnabout, General Hospital, CHIPs, Riker, na Oklahoma City Dolls.

Na New York, ọ egwuregwu na egwuregwu ndị dị ka The Curious Savage, Hat Full of Rain, The Rain Maker, Gịnị na-eme Sammy na-agba ọsọ, na ìhè elu igwe .  [1] N'ime 1970s, Castellani na-ahụ onwe ya mgbe ụfọdụ ihe ike ebe obibi na Skid Row na Los Angeles.  Castellani la n'iche ime ihe na 1980s, mana ndị Frontline Foundation na 1987. N'ime January 2011, ọ gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ ebere a.

Na 2008, Castellani akwụkwọ akwụkwọ onwe ya nke na-agwụ, Ọgwụgwụ bụ Ma, Ezi Akụkọ .

O jere ihe karịrị otu nde nri n'okporo ụzọ Skid Row na ogbe ndịda Los Angeles. Ọ nwụrụ na Ọktoba 18, 2021, mgbe ọ dị afọ 88. 

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị Frontline Foundation
*   
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Mgbasa ozi

thumb|Ngwunye mgbasa ozi
N'ọrụ ugbo, ịkọ ugbo, na oke ohia, ịgha mkpụrụ osisi bụ usoro ịgha mkpụrụ nke gụnyere iji aka ma ọ bụ n'usoro iji chụsasịa mkpụrụ n'akụkụ buru ibu. Nke a dị iche na

* ịgha mkpụrụ n'ụzọ ziri ezi, ebe a na-etinye mkpụrụ n'ebe dị iche iche na omimi.
* hydroseeding, ebe a na-awụsa mkpụrụ, mulch na mmiri n'elu ala a kwadebere n'otu akwa.

A na-eji mkpụrụ mgbasa ozi eme ihe n'iwepụta oghere ahịhịa, maka ihe ọkụkụ na ahịhịa. N'ịtụnyere ịkụ ihe ọkụkụ ọdịnala, mkpụrụ mgbasa ozi ga-achọ 10-20% mkpụrụ karịa. Ọ dị mfe, dị ngwa ma dị mfe karịa ịgha mkpụrụ nke ọdịnala. Ịgha mkpụrụ mgbasa ozi na-arụ ọrụ kacha mma maka osisi ndị na-achọghị ohere nke otu ma ọ bụ ndị na-adị mfe karị ma emechaa. Mgbe mgbasa ozi gasịrị, a na-ejikarị obere ihe na-eli mkpụrụ osisi site n'iji ụdị ihe ọ bụla na-eme mkpọtụ, na-ejikarị ngwá ọrụ ịkụ osisi kwụ ọtọ. Iji ngwaọrụ ndị a na-abawanye ọnụ ọgụgụ ihe ịga nke ọma nke germination site n'ịbawanye kọntaktị mkpụrụ na ala

A na-ekesa mkpụrụ ndị a kụrụ n'ụzọ dị otú a n'ụzọ na-ahaghị nhata, nke nwere ike ịkpata oke mmadụ. Usoro a nwere ike ọ gaghị emesi na a kụọ mkpụrụ niile n'omimi ziri ezi. Omimi na-ezighi ezi, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị omimi, ga-eme ka ọ gbasaa nke na-agaghị ekwe ka osisi ahụ na-eto eto mebie ala ma gbochie ya ifuru. Ọ bụrụ na a kụghị ha n'otu n'otu mgbe ahụ, a ga-enwe ụkọ ihe oriri dị iche iche site na ìhè anyanwụ, oxygen, na ihe ndị ọzọ, n'ọtụtụ ihe ọkụkụ ma ọ bụ osisi. 

Ọ bụghị mkpụrụ niile ka ezigbo mma maka mgbasa ozi. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ọ bụ naanị obere mkpụrụ ga-etolite ma gaa n'ihu na-eto nke ọma mgbe a kụrụ ya site na mgbasa ozi. N'ozuzu, ka mkpụrụ ahụ buru ibu, otú ahụ ka a ga-akụ ya n'ime ala.   &#x5B;**&#x5D;

A na-eji mgbasa ozi eme ihe n'ebe mmiri ozuzo dị ala na ala na-adịghị eme nri. Ọ bụ usoro mmebi nke ịkọ ugbo. Ọ na-akpata ọnwụ nke mkpụrụ na mmepụta dị ala. A na-eme mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi na mmalite nke mmiri ozuzo.Ọ dị n'ebe ọrụ dị oke ọnụ ma dị oke ọnụ.

## Hụkwa

* Ịgha mkpụrụ n'elu

## Ebem si dee
Roderick D. Bush

Roderick Douglas Bush (Nọvemba 12, 1945 - Disemba 5, 2013) [1] bụ ọkà na-ahụ na eze na eze, onye na-elekọta mmadụ, onye edemede, onye ode akwụkwọ isi ụlọ na ọrụ bụ isi nlekọta ike obodo (1865).  -1896).

## Akụkọ ndụ
Amụrụ na Nọvemba 12, 1945, [1] Bush tolitere na " Jim Crow " South tupu ọ kwaga Rochester, New York, dịka nwata.  [2] Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ụma, ọ gara Mahadum Howard wee tinye aka na Black Power Movement .  [2] Ọ gara Mahadum Kansas, ebe ọ pụtara ọrụ doctoral ya.  [2] Ọ bụrụ ka ọ bụrụ onye mgba ọkụ oge niile ka ọ ngwaọrụ na 1998. [2] O alaka Ph.D.  sitere na Mahadum Binghamton na 1992. [3] Ọ jere ozi dị ka onye nkuzi na Mahadum St. John dịka Prọfesọ Sociology.

Bush nwụrụ na Disemba 5, 2013. 

## Ọpụrụiche agụmakwụkwọ
N'ọkwa kọleji ọ kụziiri na ọkachamara na agbụrụ na agbụrụ, ahụmahụ ojii, mmegharị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, ọmụmụ ihe usoro ụwa, ijikọ ụwa ọnụ, enweghị ahaghị nhata, mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, mmekọrịta ọha na eze, nhazi obodo, nkà mmụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. 

## Ihe nrite

* 2015: US Higher Education Faculty Awards, Vol. 1, onye otu ngalaba kacha mma, onye nyocha/ọka mmụta kacha mma, yana nyere ụmụ akwụkwọ aka. 
* 2014: American Sociological Association Marxist Nkebi Ndụ Mmeri Achievement
* Prọfesọ-ọrụ ụmụ akwụkwọ Seton Hall University 9/97-5/98
* Ndị otu nyocha Mahadum Seton Hall University 6/97-8/97
* Ford Foundation Postdoctoral
* Ndị otu Seton Hall University 9/93-8/94
* Ndị otu Mahadum SUNY Binghamton 1/88-6/88
* Mahadum US Health Fellow University of Kansas 9/67-6/70
* Mahadum Howard asọmpi mba 9/63-6/67
* Mahadum Howard nke Ralph Bunche 9/63

## Akwụkwọ
Bush bụ akụkụ nke otu ndị edemede na-arụ ọrụ na akwụkwọ Race in the Age of Obama, [1] na onye nyere aka na akwụkwọ Transnational Africa and Globalization.[2]

Ọ bụ onye dere akwụkwọ ndị anyị na-abụghị ihe anyị na-eyi: Black Nationalism and Class Struggle in the American Century, New Black Vote: Politics and Power in Four American Cities, [3] Ọgwụgwụ nke Ọchịchị Ụwa Ọcha: Black Internationalism na  Nsogbu nke ahịrị agba.[4]  Ya na Melanie E. L. Bush rụkọrọ ọrụ na Nrọ America: Rhetoric, Reverie or Reality?

Na 2019, nchịkọta ndị nchịkọta nhọrọ, ndị enyi na ụmụ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ: Rod Bush: nkuzi sitere na Radical Black Scholar on Liberation, Love, and Justice   -a- radical-black-ọkà Nhọrọ-na-nnwere onwe-ịhụnanya na-ikpe ziri ezi/ > nwere edemede gbasara nkuzi ndị a ga- akwụkwọ n'akwụkwọ Rod, nkuzi, nkuzi na enyi.

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Ebe a na-etinye Composting na Edmonton

thumb| Ebe Edmonton Composting na 2009
Ebe **Edmonton Composting Facility** bụ saịtị nke obodo Canada nke Edmonton na-emekọrịta ihe maka nhazi ihe mkpofu ahịhịa . Ngwakọta ngwakọta na-agụnye ịgwakọta ihe mkpofu ụlọ na biosolids ( sludge nsị ), na iji microorganisms na-akụda ha ka ọ bụrụ compost dị mfe. E kewapụrụ ihe mkpofu na mkpofu n'ozuzu.

N'afọ 2017, a chọpụtara okwu nhazi n'elu ụlọ nke ụlọ aeration na site na oge opupu ihe ubi nke 2019 ọnọdụ emebiwo ruo n'ókè na ọ dịghịzi mma ịnọgide na-arụ ọrụ ahụ.  A ga-akwatu ihe owuwu a  na a ga-edobe ihe mkpofu ahịhịa na ebe anaerobic digestion Facility mezuru nso nso a. 

## Nha
Ewubere na 1999, Edmonton Composting Facility bụ ụdị kachasị ukwuu na North America,  ma n'olu na ike. Na 38,690 square mita (416,500 square feet) n'ịdị elu, ọ bụkwa nnukwu ụlọ igwe anaghị agba nchara na North America  ma nwee ike ịhazi 200,000 tonnes (220,000 tons) nke mkpofu ụlọ na 25,000 tonnes (25,000 long tons; 28,000 short tons) akọrọ) nke biosolids kwa afọ.  Ụlọ ọrụ na-anọchi anya na-arụ ọrụ yana ihe anaerobic digestion Facility na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a. 

## Edensibia
Delaware na 2009. Ihe owuwu a dị na ogige 27-acre wee mepụta ya na mmekorita ya na ụlọ ọrụ

## Njikọ mpụga

* Obodo Edmonton - Edmonton Composting Facility
BSI IHE 100

Otu British Composting Association  rụrụ ọrụ iji guzobe ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọrụ maka composts, **BSI PAS 100** nke British Standards Institution kwadoro. Nkọwapụta na-ekpuchi usoro dum; site na akụrụngwa na ụzọ mmepụta, site na njikwa mma na nyocha ụlọ nyocha na-ahụ na compost nwere agbaziri agbaziri bụ nke ejiri n'aka traceable dị mma na ntụkwasị obi. Nkọwa: Composting (ihe mkpofu), Biodegradability, Mmebi, mkpofu mkpofu, njikwa ihe mkpofu, njikwa mma, ihe ize ndụ ndụ, ihe ndị na-akpata ọrịa , ihe ndị na-egbu egbu, nsị, ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ, njikwa mmetọ, njikwa gburugburu ebe obibi, njikwa njikwa, arụmọrụ, akara akara, akara, fatịlaịza. 

PAS na-anọchi anya nkọwapụta dị n'ihu ọha

## Hụkwa

* Compost
* Compost
* Composting n'ụlọ
* Composting ụlọ ọrụ
* Ndepụta nke sistemu composting

## Ntụaka
nwere agbaziri agbaziri bụ nke ejiri n'aka traceable dị mma na ntụkwasị obi. Nkọwa: Composting
Mkpụrụ osisi oliv

**Olive igwe nri pomace** bụ ngwaahịa sitere na usoro mmịpụta mmanụ oliv . A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe dị ka mmanụ ọkụ na sistemu cogeneration ma ọ bụ dị ka fatịlaịza organic mgbe arụ ọrụ compoting gasịrị.

A na-eme compost igwe ihe igwe oliv site n'usoro usoro ndu a na-achịkwa nke na-agbanwe ihe mkpofu organic ka ọ bụrụ humus kwụsiri ike. Ịgbakwunye pomace igwe nri oliv agbakwunyere dị ka fatịlaịza organic na ubi mkpụrụ osisi oliv na-enye ohere ka ala nwetaghachi ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ mgbe mkpụrụ oliv ọ bụla gasịrị.

## Pomace nke abụọ
Na crude mmanụ oliv mmepụta, na omenala usoro, ntụgharị ịpị, na atọ usoro usoro na-emepụta a pịa achicha na a bukwanu ego nke mmiri mkpofu mgbe abụọ-phase usoro, nke bụ tumadi eji na Spain, na-emepụta a mado-dị ka ihe mkpofu. a na-akpọ "alperujo" ma ọ bụ "pomace nke abụọ" nke nwere oke mmiri dị elu ma sie ike ịgwọ karịa ihe mkpofu siri ike nke ọdịnala. Ọdịnaya mmiri nke achicha akwụkwọ akụkọ, nke bụ achịcha oliv crude, pomace na husk mejupụtara, dị ihe dị ka pasenti 30 ma ọ bụrụ na a na-emepụta ya site na teknụzụ mgbasa ozi ọdịnala na ihe dị ka pasent 45-50 site na iji decanter centrifuges . Achịcha akwụkwọ akụkọ ka nwere mmanụ a na-enwetakarị na nrụnye dị iche. A na-esure achicha oliv ahụ ike gwụrụ ọkụ ma ọ bụ jiri ya mee ihe dị ka ihe na-edozi ala n'osisi oliv.

## Njikọ mpụga
usoro, ntụgharị ịpị, na atọ usoro usoro na-emepụta a pịa achicha na a bukwanu ego nke mmiri mkpofu mgbe abụọ-phase 

* Igwe igwe ihe igwe oliv agbakwunyere ọ na-abawanye n'iji mkpụrụ osisi mmanụ oliv na-adigide? . 2009. Ụlọ ọrụ nitrogen nke 16. Ijikọta ọnụ ọgụgụ dị iche iche nke nitrogen na-eji na ọrụ ugbo. Turin Italy.
Cordell Cleare

Cordell Cleare (amuru Disemba 5, 1965) bu onye amuma na onye njem agha America si Harlem, New York City .  Onye otu Democratic Party, ọ na-eme mgbandọrọ nhọrọ na Harlem ekiri afọ 1990 ma bụrụ onye omebe iwu steeti maka Senate mpaghara steeti steeti 30 nke New York .

## Ndụ mbido
A ikere Cordell Cleare na Harlem, ebe ihe onyonyo ya anya ụgbọ anọ.

## Ọrụ
Cleare ọrụ ihe ụmụaka afọ 18 maka Senator New York State Bill Perkins wee jee ozi dị ka onye isi ndị ọrụ ya ọtụtụ afọ.  [1] [2] Cleare jere ozi na District #3 Community Education Council, ma bụrụ onye otu Board School Community afọ isii.  [3] N'afọ 2008, Cleare gbara akwụkwọ maka ịgba ọsọ onye isi ala nke Senator Barack Obama .  [4] Na 2012, ọ bọọlụ Obama maka mbụ aka ọzọ, ma ọ bụrụ onye anabata na Mgbakọ Mba Democratic .

Cleare gbara ọsọ maka New York City Council ka ọ nọchite anya District 9 na 2017, tụfuru onye isi ya bụ Perkins.  [1] [2] Ọ gbara ọsọ ọzọ maka oche ahụ na 2021, ebe ya na Perkins meri Kristin Richardson Jordan .

Na September 25, 2021, Kọmitii Democratic Manhattan nchọpụta Cleare ka ọ bụrụ onye nhọpụta Democratic na echiche aka iche maka mpaghara Senate steeti steeti 30th New York .  mgbaàmà ahụ tọgbọrọ chakoo mgbe a mgbaàmà onye nọ n' Brian Benjamin ka ọ bụrụ Lieutenant Gọvanọ .  [1] ndekọ, ọ bụ Democratic siri ike nke na a na-egosi Cleare nke ọma ka onye omebe iwu steeti na-esote ya.  Ntuli aka iche mere na Nọvemba 2, 2021, ma o jiri ihe 88% merie.  [2] Na Ma ọchịchị 2022, onye otu Congress Carolyn Maloney akwụkwọ Senator State Cleare maka nhọpụta ọzọ.

## Ime ihe
Cleare bụ onye nhazi onye nwe ụlọ wee bụrụ onye isi oche nke azụmahịa nke New York City iji ohere ndu.  O mara aka na ihe ahụ mgbe a tara na nwa ya nwoke dị afụ na-egbu egbu egbu, okwu ọkpara “nke a na-ihụcha ya.”  [1] Cleare kwalitere mmata gbasara nsi ledu site na nkuzi n'akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ obodo, ihe ngosi na ndị ọrụ ọrụ.  Na 1997, Cleare ihe nri nri nke iri na otu nke Brooke Russell Astor Award nke New York Public Library maka ọrụ mmemme ya, nke ihe nrite $10,000.

Nkwado Cleare nyere aka mepụta Iwu Mgbochi nsi nsi nwata nke gafere na Kansụl Obodo New York na 2004. 

Ndị otu New York League of Conservation Voters kwadoro Cleare n'oge ntuli aka kansụl New York City 2021. 

Usoro Cleare maka mbụ aka ndị omebe iwu steeti ya nri nke fim maka ndị isi obodo na-echekwa ebe nchekwa akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ.

## Ihe nrite

* 1997: Brooke Russell Astor Award - Onye isi oche nke New York City Coalition iji kwụsị nsị ndu 

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Nchịkọta ntụ ntụ na-ekpo ọkụ

**Aerated static pile** ( **ASP** ) **composting** na-ezo aka na nke ọ bụla n'ime usoro eji eme biodegrade organic ihe na-enweghị mkpagharị anụ ahụ n'oge mbụ composting . A na-etinyekarị admixture ngwakọta na ọkpọkọ gbawara agbawa, na-enye ikuku ikuku maka ikuku a na-achịkwa. Ọ nwere ike ịbụ na windo, mepere emepe ma ọ bụ kpuchie, ma ọ bụ n'ime akpa mechiri emechi . N'ihe gbasara mgbagwoju anya na ọnụ ahịa, usoro ikuku na-ejikarị eme ihe site na nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ compost na-ejikwa ọkachamara, ọ bụ ezie na usoro ahụ nwere ike ịmalite site na obere obere, usoro dị mfe ruo na nnukwu nnukwu, nnukwu ego, nrụnye ụlọ ọrụ. 

Aerated static piles na-enye njikwa usoro maka biodegradation ngwa ngwa, ma na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma maka akụrụngwa na-ahazi ihe mmiri mmiri na nnukwu mpịakọta nri. Ụlọ ọrụ ASP nwere ike ịdị n'okpuru ụlọ ma ọ bụ n'èzí na-arụ ọrụ composting windrow, ma ọ bụ mechie kpamkpam n'ime arịa composting, mgbe ụfọdụ na-ezo aka n'ọwara composting.

## Igwe ikuku
thumb| Sistemụ ikuku maka ụlọ mechiri emechi compost
Uru nke usoro composting a na-agụnye ikike idowe mmiri kwesịrị ekwesị na ikuku oxygen maka ụmụ nje microbial na-arụ ọrụ na arụmọrụ kachasị elu iji belata ọrịa nje, na-egbochi oke okpomọkụ, nke nwere ike ịkụda usoro ahụ. Usoro ikuku na-akwadokwa iji biofilters na-agwọ ikuku nhazi iji wepụ ihe dị iche iche na ibelata ísì tupu ikuku. Agbanyeghị, sistemu ikuku nwere ike ịkpọnwụ ngwa ngwa, a ga-enyocharịrị ya nke ọma ka ọ nọgide na-enwe oke mmiri achọrọ.

Na Thailand, otu ndị ọrụ ugbo 470 ejirila usoro a. (Mee, 2008).  Usoro a chọrọ ụbọchị 30 iji mechaa na-enweghị ntụgharị, yana metrik tọn 10 nke compost (ikpo iri) nwetara oge ọ bụla. A na-eji ihe na-afụ squirrel-cage 15-inch manye ikuku site na compost 10 static, otu n'otu oge, maka nkeji iri na ise ugboro abụọ n'ụbọchị. Akụrụngwa ndị ahụ gụnyere ihe mkpofu ọrụ ugbo na nri anụmanụ na nha 3: 1 site na olu.

* Ndepụta nke sistemu compoting
* Anaerobic mgbaze
* N'ime arịa composting
* Ndepụta teknụzụ ọgwụgwọ ahịhịa siri ike
* Window compost

## Ntụaka
okpomọkụ, nke nwere ike ịkụda usoro ahụ. Usoro ikuku na-akwadokwa iji biofilters na-agwọ ikuku nhazi iji wepụ ihe dị iche iche na
Akụ̀ Akwụkwọ

**Leaf Bank** bụ ụlọ akụ dị na Delhi .  Ndị mmadụ na-edobe akwụkwọ ọkọchị dara ada n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ na Delhi Leaf Bank, ma nata compost n'afọ na-abịa dị ka mmasị .   A na-enyekwa ndị mmadụ asambodo sitere na ụlọ akụ a mgbe ha debere akwụkwọ, site na igosi ndị mmadụ nwere ike nweta compost . 

## Usoro
A na-anakọta akwụkwọ ahụ n'ọtụtụ buru ibu. A na-edobe akwụkwọ ndị a n'ime akpa polythene maka ụbọchị ole na ole. Mgbe nke a gasịrị, a na-efesa nitrogen na akwụkwọ ndị a site n'oge ruo n'oge. Nwayọọ nwayọọ akwụkwọ ndị ahụ na-emebi ma n'ime ọnwa ole na ole, compost dị njikere. 

## Edensibia
edobe akwụkwọ ọkọchị dara ada n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ na Delhi Leaf Bank, ma nata
Dillo Dirt

**Dillo Dirt** bụ compost nke Obodo Austin, Texas mere kemgbe 1989. Ọ bụ mmemme izizi ụdịrị ya na steeti ahụ yana otu n'ime ndị kacha ochie na mba ahụ.  A na-akpọ Dillo Dirt aha armadillo nwere banded itoolu *(Dasypus novemcinctus)*, nke bụ anụ anụ na Texas. Ọ bụkwa ngwaahịa ejiri akara azụmaahịa nke Ngalaba Mmiri Obodo Austin.

Ọdịiche pụrụ iche dị n'etiti Dillo Dirt na compost nkịtị bụ na ọ nwere sludge nsị nke ime obodo a na-emeso ya yana ihe mgbochi yard na-anakọta n'akụkụ akụkụ nke Ngalaba mgbake akụrụngwa nke Obodo Austin. A na-ejikọta ihe ndị a na compost ka ịmepụta Dillo Dirt. N'agbanyeghị eziokwu a, Dillo Dirt na-ezute ihe niile Texas na US Environmental Protection Agency chọrọ maka iji "na-egbochighị", nke gụnyere ọbụna ubi akwukwo nri.

Okpomọkụ sitere na composting ( 130 to 170 Celsius F (50 ruo 80 Celsius C) ) zuru ezu iji kpochapụ ọrịa mmadụ na osisi. Mgbe emechara ihe karịrị otu ọnwa, a na-agwọkwa compost ahụ ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa, wee kpuchie ya iji mepụta ngwaahịa emechara.

Dị ka Obodo Austin si kwuo, Dillo Dirt nwere ọkwa nke ọla dị arọ gụnyere arsenic, cadmium, ọla kọpa, lead, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, na zinc. Na nyocha dị iche iche toxicological nke Dillo Dirt ** &#x5D; &#x5B; ọkwa nke mmetọ ndị a: beta-BHC, DDE, dieldrin, endrin aldehyde, benzo (b) fluoranthene, dibenz (a, h) anthracene, benzo (a) Anthracene, indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene, na bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate . Nlele ole na ole ka emere na Dillo Dirt, yabụ na amabeghị nkezi mmetọ ya, redioaktivu ya na ọkwa carcinogen ya. 

## Esemokwu
Ụfọdụ ndị na-emegide iji na ire Dillo Dirt na-ekwu na ọ nwere oke ọla dị arọ na fluoride na-adịkarị karịa nke ga-achọpụta ụzọ ha laghachi azụ na nri mmadụ.  Otú ọ dị, obodo ahụ na-ekwu na ọkwa ígwè dị n'okpuru ọkwa gọọmenti etiti kwere ekwe.  Obodo anaghị anwale maka redioaktivu ma ọ bụ ihe fọdụrụ n'ọgwụ n'ihi na ọ na-akwụghị ụgwọ. Ebe ọ bụ na ndị mmadụ na-agbanye ọgwụ n'ime ụlọ mposi megide nkwenye obodo, Dillo Dirt nwere ike ịnwe ihe fọdụrụ na ọgwụ na ụfọdụ batches. Ụfọdụ ọgwụ fọdụrụnụ bụ redioaktivu site n'ịgwọ ndị ọrịa kansa.

Tupu Austin City Limits Music Festival, nke emere na Zilker Park na Austin na October 4, 2009, e megharịrị ala ogige ahụ ma gbanwee ya na Dillo Dirt. N'oge ememme ahụ, oke mmiri ozuzo na-emepụta nnukwu apịtị dị elu, nke ụfọdụ ndị na-egwu egwu na-ekwu na-akpata ha nsogbu ahụike, dị ka akpụkpọ anụ,  ma n'ikpeazụ ọ dịghị ihe àmà doro anya na Dillo Dirt kpatara nsogbu ọ bụla.  Akwụkwọ akụkọ Austin American Statesman mpaghara gbara otu akụkọ na-adụ ọdụ onye ọ bụla metụtara ka ọ kpọọ ngalaba ahụike.

## Edensibia


## Njikọ mpụga
Njikọ Composting

Otu **Organics Recycling Group** (ORG), nke bụbu Association for Organics Recycling (AfOR) na tupu nke ahụ Compost Association, bụ ọgbakọ azụmaahịa na-eduga maka ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka mkpofu ahịhịa na UK . O nyere aka wulite ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọrụ BSI PAS 100 maka composts .

Ebumnuche bụ isi nke otu a bụ ịkwalite njikwa na-adịgide adịgide nke akụrụngwa biodegradable, na-ekpuchi ma aerobic na teknụzụ anaerobic dị ka windrow na n'ime arịa composting, mgbaze anaerobic na ọgwụgwọ usoro ndu . ORG na-ahụ maka okwu gbasara mkpokọta, ọgwụgwọ na ojiji nke akụrụngwa ndị a, iji kwado ọrụ ndị REA na-arụ n'ihe ndị dị ka ọgbọ ekesa, mkpali ego, Ọrụ Mmeghari na atụmatụ.

## Hụkwa

* Anaerobic mgbaze
* BSI PAS 100
* Compost
* Compost

## Edensibia
anaerobic na ọgwụgwọ usoro ndu . ORG na-ahụ maka okwu gbasara mkpokọta, ọgwụgwọ na ojiji nke akụrụngwa ndị a, iji kwado

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Organics Recycling Group
Multrum

**Multrum** bụ nnukwu arịa na-eme nri, nke eburu n'obi na-ere ihe mkpofu ụlọ mposi yana ihe ndị ọzọ ike.  Na mbụ ọ bụ okwu anya nke nwere "multna" nke nwa mmezi ma ọ bụ composting na Swedish na "rum" nke bụ okwu Swedish maka ime ụlọ.  Otutu multrum aghọọla aha ọtụtụ iri awụ wee pụta nnukwu ọnụ ụlọ composting ọ kpọrọ ejikọrọ na ụlọ mposi .  Nke a inwe inwe anya na Clivus multrum nke bụ ike nwe ya.  Na Scandinavia, e nwere ọtụtụ ụdị multrum ụlọ mposi na-eme nri dị ka Mullis, CompostEra ma e wezụga Clivus Multrum.
Compoast nke anwụrụ ọkụ

**Ngwurugwu ero emefu** bụ ihe mkpofu compost nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ero na-emepụta .

## ndabere
A na-enweta ya ngwa ngwa (akpa, na ndị na-ebubata ụlọ akwụkwọ), usoro ya na-agụnyekarị ahịhịa ọka wit, ọbara a mịrị amị, nri inyinya na nzu ala, gbakọtara ọnụ. Ọ bụ ezigbo isi iyi nke humus, ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị dị na nitrogen ga-ejiri ihe ndị na-eme nri na-eto eto. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-anọgide na-abụ ezigbo isi iyi nke nri n'ozuzu ya (1-2% N, 0.2% P, 1.3% K gbakwunyere ihe dị iche iche nke ihe ndị na-achọpụta ihe ), nakwa dị ka ihe na-edozi ala bara uru.  Otú ọ dị, n'ihi nzu ya, ọ nwere ike ịbụ alkaline, na e kwesịghị iji osisi na-ahụ n'anya acid, ma ọ bụ na-etinye ya ugboro ugboro, n'ihi na ọ ga-ebuli elu pH nke ala. 

Ngwurugwu ero nwekwara ike ịnwe ihe mkpofu pesticide, ọkachasị organochloride nke a na-eji megide nje fungus . Ọ bụrụ na echekwara compost ahụ n'èzí, ọ nwere ike ịnwe nsị ma ọ bụ ụmụ ahụhụ ndị ọzọ nwere mmasị na ihe na-ere ere. O nwekwara ike ịbụ na ejirila kemịkalụ gwọọ ahịhịa, nakwa iji mee ka compost kwụsị. Ya mere, onye na-elekọta ubi ga-akpachara anya maka ị nweta compost ero; ọ bụrụ na obi abụọ adịghị ya, enwere ike nyochaa ihe nlele maka mmetọ &#x2013; na UK, Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka gburugburu ebe obibi, nri na ime obodo nwere ike inye ndụmọdụ gbasara okwu a.

A naghị emefu compost ero 'ejiri' nke a na-azụmaahịa mgbe niile. A na-ere ya n'ugbo ero mgbe ọ naghịzi amịpụta mkpụrụ nke olu nke nwere ike ịzụ ahịa. Enwere ike iji ya na-etowanye obere ihe ọkụkụ nke mushrooms tupu ejiri ya mee ihe n'ubi. 

## Edensibia
ịnwe nsị ma ọ bụ ụmụ ahụhụ ndị ọzọ nwere mmasị na ihe na-ere ere. O nwekwara ike ịbụ
Sebakh

[thumb| Egwupụtara brik apịtị nke 30 na [Luxor . Bricks ochie bụ isi iyi nke *sebakh* .]]
**Sebakh** ( Arabic , nke a na-asụkarịkarịghị ka *sebbakh* ) bụ okwu Arabic nke sụgharịrị ịbụ "fatịlaịza". N'asụsụ bekee, a na-ejikarị okwu ahụ akọwa brik apịtị mebiri emebi sitere na saịtị mgbe ochie, nke bụ ihe na-emepụta ihe nke nwere ike iji ma dị ka fatịlaịza ugbo na mmanụ ọkụ.

## Ihe mejupụtara
Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime sebakh nwere brik ochie, mebiri emebi, bụ isi ihe eji ewu ụlọ n'Ijipt oge ochie . Ihe mejupụtara ihe a bụ apịtị oge ochie gwakọtara na compost nitrous nke ahịhịa ahịhịa na ahịhịa ọka ndị e bu ụzọ kpụọ brik ndị ahụ iji nyekwuo ike tupu e sie ya n'anyanwụ.

## Na-emetụta nkà mmụta ihe ochie
Ihe a na-emekarị n'Ijipt, na njedebe nke iri na itoolu na mmalite nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ, bụ maka ndị ọrụ ugbo na-enweta ikike gọọmenti iji wepụ ihe a n'ugwu ochie; A maara ndị ọrụ ugbo dị otú ahụ dị ka *sebakhin* . A na-akpọkwa mkpọmkpọ ndị na-egosi ebe obodo ochie dị dị ka *tell*, ma ọ bụ *tel* .

Ebe ihe mgbe ochie nwere ike inye ezigbo isi iyi nke sebakh n'ihi na irighiri ihe ndị na-emebi emebi na-emepụta ala nke nwere nnukwu nitrogen. Nitrogen bụ ihe dị mkpa na fatịlaịza eji eme ihe ọkụkụ.

N'ụzọ dị otú a, ndị ọrụ ugbo bibiri ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ochie chọtara bara uru. Igwu ala Sebakh dugakwara n'ịchọta ihe ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ochie chọpụtara bụ́ ndị ọ pụrụ ịbụ na a chọpụtabeghị ya.

## Amarna
Sebakh na-ejikọkarị ya na nchọta saịtị Amarna ( Arabic ). N’afọ 1887, otu onye bi n’ógbè ahụ bụ́ onye na-enyocha ihe ndekọ ego nke sebakh na mberede chọtara ihe karịrị mbadamba nkume cuneiform 300 bụ́ ndị mesịrị bụrụ ihe ndekọ akwụkwọ ozi ndị Fero. Akwụkwọ ozi mbadamba ndị a, nke a maara dị ka akwụkwọ ozi Amarna, enyela ọtụtụ ihe bara uru akụkọ ihe mere eme na usoro oge, yana ozi gbasara mmekọrịta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Egypt na ndị agbata obi ya n'oge ahụ.

## Edensibia
nkume cuneiform 300 bụ́ ndị mesịrị bụrụ ihe ndekọ akwụkwọ ozi ndị Fero. Akwụkwọ ozi mbadamba dugakwara n'ịchọta ihe ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ochie chọpụtara bụ́ ndị ọ pụrụ ịbụ

* Egyptology Online (sebakh ejiri mee fatịlaịza)
* Hierakonpolis dị n'ịntanetị (ịgwu ala sebakh ihe ochie)

## Njikọ mpụga

* Mahadum nke Southampton, 2002 - '''Sebakh Excavations na Ihe Edere''' (ihe atụ nke sebakh diggings)
Ụzọ e si eme compost na Ecuador

thumb| A na-etinye akwa apịtị na oyi akwa nke organic biomass, Monte de los Olivos, Ucayali, Peru
thumb| Compost kpuchiri akwụkwọ banana ( ''Musa'' ), Santa Tereza, Ucayali, Peru
Ụzọ ụzọ nri Ecuador bụ ihe a na - emekarị n'ebe dị ndị dị nke Ecuador na Peru .  A na-etinye compost ahụ n'osisi osisi ma ọ bụ mkpọ banana, nke a na-ehicha akwa n'etiti.  A na-etinye ihe ndị diiri ndụ n'ígwé n'elu ogwe ma ọ bụ stalks, nke ọ gbala na-esochi ya site na apịtị, ma ọ bụ tinye ya site na ụdị ihe dị iche nke organic.  Mgbe ikpo ahụ dị ihe dị ka mita 1.2 n'ịdị elu, a na-agba ya mmiri ma ya na nnukwu akwụkwọ.  Mgbe obere oge gachara, mgbe ikpo compost na-adaba, a na- iwu icha mmiri dị n'etiti maka ikuku .  A na-emekarị usoro compost a n'obere ọnụ ọgụgụ, saịtị n'aka ndị obodo.
Ebe a na-etinye ọkụ

[thumb| Otu cucumber na-ekpo ọkụ na [Estoniya|Estonia]]
Ebe a **na-ekpo ọkụ** bụ okwu ndu maka mpaghara ihe na-emebi emebi nke na-ekpo ọkụ karịa gburugburu ya. A na-emepụta gradient okpomọkụ site na nbibi nke ihe mgbakwunye organic n'ime ikpo site na metabolization microorganism.

A na-eji ebe a na-ekpo ọkụ kpuchie na obere mkpuchi iko (nke a na-akpọkwa **hotbox** ) dị ka obere nsụgharị nke ụlọ ọkụ ( griin haus na-ekpo ọkụ ma ọ bụ etiti oyi ). Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-eme ihe ndina a site na nri sitere na anụmanụ ndị dị ka ịnyịnya, nke na-agafe cellulose osisi na-enweghị mgbaze na nsị ha, na-emepụta ebe dị mma maka microorganisms na-abịa na-agbaji cellulose ma mepụta ebe ọkụ.  ( Usoro nri nri nke anụ anụ dị ka ehi na atụrụ na-ebibi ma na-eji cellulose niile na nri ha, na nsị ha na-adị jụụ ma ghara ikpo ọkụ.)

Ụfọdụ anụmanụ na-edina akwa, dị ka toki ahịhịa, na-eme ma ọ bụ jiri ebe a na-ekpo ọkụ na -amụba àkwá ha.

Site na ndọtị, a na-eji okwu *hotbed* mee ihe n'ụzọ ihe atụ iji kọwaa gburugburu ebe dị mma maka uto ma ọ bụ mmepe nke ihe, karịsịa nke ihe na-adịghị mma.

## Edensibia
anụmanụ ndị dị ka ịnyịnya, nke na-agafe cellulose osisi na-enweghị mgbaze na nsị ha, na-emepụta ebe dị mma maka microorganisms
Nkwado ala

**Landsupport** (speeji: LANDSUPPORT) bụ ọrụ ndụmọdụ pilot nke European Union kwadoro maka iji ala mee ihe maka ụdị dị nso na okike nke ụdị dị iche iche na ụzọ eji ala eme ihe ma n'otu oge ahụ na-echekwa gburugburu ebe obibi.  

## Ebumnuche oru ngo
N'ime ogologo oge, a ghaghị ijide n'aka iji ala na-adịgide adịgide iji gboo mkpa nke ndị bi n'ụwa. Ọrụ a na-achịkọta ọtụtụ mahadum, ụlọ ọrụ nyocha, ụlọ ọrụ na ndị nwere mmasị na ebumnuche nke ịmepụta usoro ntanetị, nke na-akwụghị ụgwọ iji kwado ọrụ ugbo bara uru na ndị ọrụ ala na-eme mkpebi banyere iji ala na-adịgide adịgide, nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi na ọrụ ugbo.

Site na ntinye aka nke ndị dị iche iche na ọtụtụ ndị na-eme ihe dị na Europe na n'èzí, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-achọkwa iwu na ọkwa Europe, dabere na data sayensị nke a na-ahazi na nhazi na usoro.

## Consortium Project
Njikọ Landsupport nwere ndị mmekọ ndị a:

* Mahadum nke Naples, Italy
* ARISPACE, Italy
* Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Spain
* Mahadum nke Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
* Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Italy
* Ihe ubi maka ọdịnihu, Malaysia
* ICARDA, Tunisia
* Institute of Advanced Studies, Hungary
* Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Italy
* Rasdaman GmbH, Germany
* Ụlọ ọrụ nyocha nkwonkwo, European Commission
* Mpaghara Campania, Italy
* Mahadum Milan, Italy
* Obodo Zala, Hungary
* CMAST / Modis, Belgium
* Acteon, France
* Federal Environment Agency, Austria
* Ụlọ ọrụ ọhịa nke Slovenia, Slovenia

## Hụkwa

* Bioeconomy
* Biofector
* Edaphon
* Microbiology
* Pedology

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ibe weebụ Landsupport
* Nkwupụta nke EU gbasara Landsupport
* Balkan green Deal BW
* BeyondSoil Initiative nke Mahadum Hohenheim Archived  
* Greenerde.eu
* Scoalaagricola.eu
* Danube Strategy Baden-Württemberg
* Green Deal na Biodiversity na Europe

## Edensibia
anụmanụ ndị dị ka ịnyịnya, nke na-agafe cellulose osisi na-enweghị mgbaze na nsị ha, na-emepụta ebe dị mma maka microorganisms
Ndị Felton Earls

Felton James 'Tony' Earls ( eje ozi January 1942) bụ onye ọchọrọ nhọrọ nhọrọ America na ọrịa na-efe efe, ugbu a Prọfesọ nke Social Medicine, Emeritus, Harvard Medical School, na Prọfesọ nke omume na nwa, Emeritus, Harvard TH  Chan School of Health Public ;  na mbụ Blanche F. Ittleson Prọfesọ nke Child Psychiatry na Harvard Medical School, na onye ihe mgbaàmà nke American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Academy of Political and Social Science, American Academy of Arts and Sciences .  [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] A mara ya maka nchacha ogologo oge ndanda nke agbata obi nyere ibe ha aka na ọnụ ọgụgụ mpụ nke agbata obi.

## Ntụaka

## Ntụ aka na mpụga

* Profaịlụ Harvard Catalyst maka Felton James Earls, MD
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Ihe ndị metụtara nje

**Ihe onwunwe biotic** ma ọ bụ **ihe sitere na ndu** bụ ihe ọ bụla sitere na ihe ndị dị ndụ . Ọtụtụ ihe ndị dị otú ahụ nwere carbon ma nwee ike ire ere .

Ndụ mbụ n'ụwa bilitere ma ọ dịkarịa ala ijeri afọ 3.5 gara aga.    Ihe akaebe anụ ahụ mbụ nke ndụ gụnyere graphite, ihe biogenic, na nkume metasedimentary dị ijeri 3.7 nke achọpụtara na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Greenland,  yana, “mkpụrụ ndụ biotic” dị na nkume ijeri afọ 4.1 na Western Western . Ọstrelia .   Ihe dị iche iche dị iche iche nke ụwa agbasawanyela mgbe niile ma e wezụga mgbe a kwụsịrị site na mkpochapụ .  Ọ bụ ezie na ndị ọkà mmụta na-eme atụmatụ na ihe karịrị pasentị 99 nke ụdị ndụ nile (ihe karịrị ijeri ise)  ndị dịrịtụrụla n'ụwa ekpochapụla,   a ka nwere atụmatụ 10-14 nde ụdị ndụ,    nke edere ihe dị ka nde 1.2 na ihe karịrị 86% akọwabeghị ya. 

Ihe atụ nke ihe biotic bụ osisi, ahịhịa, humus, nri, ogbugbo, mmanụ crude, owu, silk udide, chitin, fibrin, na ọkpụkpụ .

Ojiji nke biotic ihe, na nhazi biotic ihe ( bio-based material ) dị ka ndị ọzọ eke ihe, n'elu synthetics bụ ewu ewu na ndị na-ahụ gburugburu ebe obibi n'ihi na ihe ndị dị otú ahụ na-emekarị biodegradable, mmeghari ohuru, na nhazi a na-aghọtakarị na nwere ntakịrị gburugburu ebe obibi. mmetụta. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụghị ihe niile biotic ka a na-eji eme ihe n'ụzọ enyi na gburugburu ebe obibi, dị ka ndị na-achọ nhazi ọkwa dị elu, na-egbute ihe na-adịghị adịgide adịgide, ma ọ bụ ndị a na-eji na-emepụta ikuku carbon .

Mgbe isi iyi nke ihe ndị dị ndụ n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na-adịchaghị mkpa maka ngwaahịa a na-emepụta, dị ka na mmepụta nke biofuels, ihe a na-akpọ biotic ngwa ngwa biomass . Ọtụtụ ebe mmanụ ọkụ nwere ike ịnwe isi mmalite nke ndu, enwere ike kewaa ya ka ọ bụrụ mmanụ ọkụ, na biofuel .

## Edensibia
nkume ijeri afọ 4.1 na Western Western . Ọstrelia .   Ihe dị iche iche dị iche iche nke ụwa agbasawanyela mgbe niile
Clivus Multrum

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|212x212px| Ụlọ mposi nke Clivus Multrum nwere akụkụ compost dị iche, nke nwere mmasị.
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|150x150px| Achịkọbara ihe siri ike mgbe afọ 30 gachara na Clivus Multrum
**Clivus Multrum** bụ ụdị ụlọ mposi na-emepụta ihe na aha ụlọ ọrụ na-ere aha ụlọ mposi a na-eme nri. " Clivus " bụ Latin maka mkpọda ma ọ bụ mkpọda; "multrum" bụ okwu Swedish mejupụtara nke pụtara "ime ụlọ compost", yabụ "Clivus Multrum" bụ ọnụ ụlọ compost nwere mmasị. 

Ewubere ihe ngosi nke mbụ na 1939 na Tyresö, Sweden, site n'aka onye nkuzi nka Rikard Lindström, onye nwere ihe onwunwe n'Oké Osimiri Baltic na Stockholm, Sweden . Lindström wuru tankị nwere otu ọnụ ụlọ, nke nwere ala gbadara agbagọ na anwụrụ ọkụ, maka mkpofu kichin na ụlọ mposi. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ ma emesịa nweta ya na 1962. N'afọ 1964, e ji fiberglass rụọ ụdị azụmahịa mbụ.

N'afọ ndị 1970, Abby Rockefeller, na United States, gụrụ banyere echiche ahụ ma chọọ ịzụta usoro, ma a gwara ha na ha abụghị maka ire ere n'ihi enweghị nkwado teknụzụ. Na 1973, Rockefeller tọrọ ntọala Clivus Multrum, Inc. na Massachusetts n'okpuru ikike Lindström ịzụ ụlọ mposi ya. A na-ere ụlọ mposi nke Clivus Multrum n'ụwa niile. 

## Edensibia
nkume ijeri afọ 4.1 na Western Western . Ọstrelia .   Ihe dị iche iche dị iche iche nke ụwa agbasawanyela mgbe niile

## Njikọ mpụga

* Clivusmultrum.com (North America)
* Clivusmultrum.eu (Europe)
Nchịkọta Ihe Nile

***Compost Ihe niile: Ezi Nduzi maka oke composting*** bụ akwụkwọ 2015 maka ịkọ ubi gbasara ịkpa nri siri ike nke David the Good dere.   

## Edensibia
nkume ijeri afọ 4.1 na Western Western . Ọstrelia .   Ihe dị iche iche dị iche iche nke ụwa agbasawanyela mgbe niile

## Njikọ mpụga

* Official website
* Goodreads
Ndepụta nke usoro composting

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Ngwakọta compost ọgbara ọhụrụ nke e ji rọba rụọ
Nke a bụ **ndepụta nke sistemu compost** :

## Composting n'ụlọ (obere)

* Bokashi (ihe ọkụkụ)
* Ụlọ mposi composting
* Ngwakọta compost
* Usoro nhazi nke Ecuador
* Ngwakọta ntụ ọka na-ekpo ọkụ
* Hügelkultur aka German ugwu
* Mpempe akwụkwọ mulching
* Trench composting
* Vermicomposting

## Composting ụlọ ọrụ (nnukwu)
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Sistemụ ikuku maka ụlọ mechiri emechi compost

* Okpokoro composting static emelitere, ịkwakọ ahịhịa ọwara
* 
* N'ime arịa composting
* Mechanical ndu ọgwụgwọ
* Vermicomposting
* Window compost

## Hụkwa
 nkume ijeri afọ 4.1 na Western Western . Ọstrelia .   Ihe dị iche iche dị iche iche nke ụwa agbasawanyela mgbe niile

### Ndepụta ndị emetụtara

* Ndekọ akụkọ gburugburu ebe obibi
* Nkọwa nke ịkọ ugbo na ọrụ ugbo
* Nkọwa nke ọrụ ugbo na-adigide
Agba Ọrụ Ugbo

***Agba Agricultural*** bụ akwụkwọ a kacha mara amara nke Sir Albert Howard, ma bụrụkwa otu n'ime ọrụ seminal na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọrụ ugbo nke organic .    Raara onwe ya nye nwunye mbụ ya na onye ya na ya na-arụkọ ọrụ bụ Gabrielle, ya onwe ya bụ onye ọkà mmụta ihe ọkụkụ, ọ na-elekwasị anya na ọdịdị na njikwa nke ọmụmụ ala, ma na-enyocha ihe ọkụkụ . N'oge ọrụ ugbo ọgbara ọhụrụ sitere na kemịkalụ ka na-amalite ịgbanwe mmepụta nri, ọ kwadoro usoro okike karịa ntinye mmadụ mere ka ụzọ kacha mma maka ọrụ ugbo. E bipụtara ya nke mbụ na England na 1940, na mbipụta America mbụ na 1943. [lower-alpha 1]

## Ihe ndetu

## Edensibia
nkume ijeri afọ 4.1 na Western Western . Ọstrelia .   Ihe dị iche iche dị iche iche nke ụwa agbasawanyela mgbe niile

## Njikọ mpụga

* *[http://journeytoforever.org/farm_library/howardAT/ATtoc.html Agba Agricultural]* - ederede zuru oke n'ịntanetị
* *[https://www.amazon.com/An-Agricultural-Testament-Albert-Howard/dp/1849027730 An Agricultural Testament]* - 2010 Edition nke Benediction Classics bipụtara
George Barry Ford

George Barry Ford (October 28, 1885 - Ọgọst 1, 1978) bụ onye mgbasa Roman . America, onye na-akwado ikike obodo, na onye, ​​ya na Fr.  Moore, duuru Thomas Merton na apụ na Roman akụkọ.  [1] Kadịnal Francis Spellman gbachiri ọnụ ugboro abụọ, ma bụrụ ezigbo enyi Eleanor Roosevelt na Carlton JH Hayes .  [2] Dr. Henry P. Van Dusen, onye isi oche nke Union Theological Seminary n'ụdị Corpus Christi, ndị Fada Ford dị ka "onye a kacha mara amara na nke kacha hụ n'anya na obodo Morningside Heights ".

Ford orí ọrụ iji guzobe ụlọ ndị ọrụ na iche echiche Freedom House mara Eleanor Roosevelt, Wendell Willkie, Mayor Fiorello La Guardia, Elizabeth Cutter Morrow, Dorothy Thompson, Herbert Agar, Herbert Bayard Swope, Ralph Bunche, Roscoe Drummond, na Rex St.  1] O nyekwaara aka guzobe Union Peace Union nke taa bụ Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs (New York Times obituary).  Ford bụ onye na-eso onye nhọrọ John Dewey, onye bụ prọfesọ na nke Columbia's Teacher's College, ma ikike nchekwa John Dewey Award.

Na 1938, Thomas Merton si Ford na Corpus Christi Church ka ọ na-akụzi n'okwukwe .  [1] [2] N'otu afɔ ahụ, mgbe Ohu Chineke Catherine Doherty, Baroness de Hueck, rutere New York, o nyere ya n'efu n'efu na Harlem, nke bụ isi ihe na-eme ka ọ nwee ike n'ihu n'ike n'ike.  'ịmepụta ndị na-eme ihe Enyi nke stran ebe igbu nke Madonna House Apostolate n' mkpu.  O aka ugboro ugboro ugboro ugboro na nkwado ya.

Na 1954 ọ akara akara akara akara Doctor of Humane Letters (LHD) na Mahadum Columbia.  [1] Ọ nwetara nzere nzere ugwu na Manhattan na Seton Hall College .

Na 1966 ọ jere ozi na Ad hoc Commission on Rights of Soviet Soviet ihe mere eme.  Bayard Rustin bụ onye isi oche ya, ma guzobe ya site na ọnọdụ na ọnọdụ nke ndị Juu Soviet, na-enye ụlọ ikpe ọha na eze maka ndụ ndị Juu na Soviet Union.

Fr.  A na-ekele Ford na ndetu liner nke George Carlin's 1972 album Class Clown, n'ihi na ọ bụ ebe na Carlin akwụkwọ , o ji ekele cheta Ford, ma kweta na onye otu ya e si ajụjụ jụrụ na na  iche echiche.

Ford bụ onye mmeri n'oge mbụ nke Echichi Ndị inyom mmeri.

## Ihe nrite

* Ọgbakọ B’nai Jeshurun (1948)
* John Dewey Award nke New York Teachers Guild (1959)
* William J. Schieffelin Award nke Citizens Union of New York (1963)
* International Student Council (1964)
* Nzukọ Mba nke Ndị Kraịst na ndị Juu, Onyinye Ụmụnna (1965)
* Dọkịta nsọpụrụ (lee n'elu)

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Ụlọ William W. Gray

**Ụlọ William W. Grey** bụ ụlọ akụkọ ihe mere eme dị na 119 N. Court St. na Grayville, Illinois . Ewuru ụlọ ahụ na 1885 maka William W. Gray, Sr., otu n'ime ndị malitere Grayville. George Franklin Barber, onye na-ewu ụlọ a ma ama nke a maara maka usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ ozi ya, mere ụlọ ahụ na ụdị Queen Anne . Ọnụ ụzọ ụlọ ahụ dị n'akụkụ ihe owuwu ụzọ mbata nke ogidi Tuscan kwadoro; a na-eji pedimenti na-agba agba gbachie ọnụ ụzọ . Ala nke abụọ nke ụlọ ahụ na-ejikwa shingle osisi kpuchie ya ma nwee mbara ihu n'ebe ugwu. Ihe owuwu ụzọ mbata nke ụlọ elu nwere ọrụ site na elu ụlọ elu nke atọ na ihu ihu; eriri bracketed dị n'akụkụ nke ọzọ nke facade. A na-eji ụkpụrụ, shingle nwere ọtụtụ agba chọọ elu ụlọ elu úkwù ahụ dị n'ebe ugwu mma. 

Agbakwunyere ụlọ ahụ na National Register of Historic Places na February 13, 1992. 

## Edensibia
agba gbachie ọnụ ụzọ . Ala nke abụọ nke ụlọ ahụ na-ejikwa
Ihe mkpofu na-acha nchara nchara

thumb| Sawdust bụ ihe atụ nke mkpofu aja aja.
 
**Ihe mkpofu nchara nchara** bụ ihe mkpofu nwere ike imebi ihe ọ bụla nke na-abụkarị carbon sitere na ya. Okwu a na-agụnye ihe ndị dị ka ahịhịa ahịhịa, akwụkwọ akọrọ, alaka, ahịhịa, akwụkwọ, sawdust, ọka cobs, ihe ndina anụ ụlọ, nri anụ ụlọ, ihe mkpofu anụmanụ, kaadiboodu, agịga pine ma ọ bụ cones, wdg  Carbon dị mkpa maka nhazi . nke na-eji nchikota nke ahịhịa ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na ihe mkpofu aja aja na-akwalite usoro microbial na-etinye aka na usoro ire ere.  Ngwakọta ihe mkpofu aja aja na-adịgide adịgide na-eweghachi carbon na okirikiri carbon .

A na-ele ihe mkpofu Brown anya dị ka ụzọ kacha mma gburugburu ebe obibi iji tụfuo ya na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ na-eji ihe mkpofu a na-emepụta osisi arụrụ arụ, na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ eji eme ihe na-abụghị nri.

* Biomass
* Ijikwa mkpofu
* Compost

## Edensibia
nkume ijeri afọ 4.1 na Western Western . Ọstrelia .   Ihe dị iche iche dị iche iche nke ụwa agbasawanyela mgbe niile
Yonnette Fleming

Yonnette Fleming ( Prof. 1968) bụ onye ọrụ ugbo obodo America na onye na-elekọta ụwa nke dabere na Bedford – Stuyvesant, Brooklyn .  Fleming bụ nke mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi, ọrụ ya na-anya anya n'ubi obodo mepere emepe na ndị ọrụ ugbo ojii.

## Ndụ mbido
Njikọ Yonnette Fleming na Guyana .  Eziniche ya na ndị obodo ya na-arụkọ ọrụ, na-akụ aki oyibo, shuga, osikapa, na ihe kpatara ndị ọzọ.  [1] [2] Ọ kwagara New York na 1983 site na Georgetown, Guyana.

## Ọrụ
  Yonnette Fleming sonyeere Hattie Carthan Community Garden, nke dị na Marcy na Lafayette na mpaghara Bedford-Stuyvesant nke Brooklyn, na 2003 mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Wall Street .  [1] N'afọ 2008, ọ በቀላሉ ọrụ Wall Street ya iji tinye onwe ya na nkwụghachi azụ obodo na nri.  [1] Na 2009, o nyere aka guzobe ahuhu ndị ọrụ ugbo .  Ugbu a ọ bụ onye nkuzi nkuzi ikpe ziri ezi nke obodo mepere emepe, yana onye osote onye isi oche Hattie Carthan Community Garden na ọrụ ya na-ekwu maka nchekwa nri na nri ziri ezi nri .  [3] [4] Ọ na-anya ogbako n'etiti ndị ụgbọ mmiri isi nri, ọrụ ugbo n'obodo mepere emepe, herbalism, na ọgwụ osisi ma na- rị anya na mkpa obodo.  N'ime ogbako ya, ọ na-akpọku ndịdị ka ha chee echiche ka usoro mmegbu siri ndụ nke ha yana otu ha ga-esi na-eche ha ihu.

Fleming bụkwa onye so na bọọdụ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ Farm ebe ọ na-usoro ikpe ziri ezi nri.  [1] [2] [3] Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-akwado nri, Fleming bụ onye ozi e chiri echichi, onye na-ahụ maka osisi na ese olu, onye isi reiki, na onye na-akụ  obodo. 

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Weebụsaịtị Hattie Carthan Community Garden
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Ebe Lord Stirling Manor

**Lord Stirling Manor saịtị** bụ saịtị akụkọ ihe mere eme dị na 96 Lord Stirling Road na ngalaba Basking Ridge nke obodo Bernards na Somerset County, New Jersey . Ọ bụ ihe onwunwe nke Amerịka General William Alexander, Lord Stirling . Ọ bụ ugbu a akụkụ nke Lord Stirling Park . Agbakwunyere saịtị ahụ na National Register of Historic Places na Mee 22, 1978, maka mkpa ọ dị na akụkọ agha na mmekọrịta ọha na eze. 

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Lord Stirling nwetara ala ahụ n'aka nna ya na 1761 wee wuo ụlọ ebe obibi na 1763. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ụlọ kachasị mma na mpaghara ahụ, ndị bi na mpaghara ahụ na-akpọkwa ala ya dị ka "Ụlọ." Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị na 1783, e rere ihe onwunwe ahụ, ihe owuwu ndị ahụ dakwasịrị n'imezigharị. E wughachiri ụlọ ahụ na 1825, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị dị ka atụmatụ mbụ ahụ si dị, ma jiri ọkụ bibie ya na 1919. N'oge a na-ahọpụta ya na National Register, nanị ihe owuwu ndị fọdụrụ n'ime ihe owuwu mbụ nke 1763 bụ olulu mmiri, ebe ndị ohu, ụlọ dị iche iche, na ntọala nke nnukwu ụlọ. Ebe ndị ohu bụ naanị ebe ndị ohu dị ndụ dị na New Jersey wee bụrụ ndekọ dị ịrịba ama nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ịgba ohu na New Jersey . 

A na-eji saịtị ahụ ugbu a site na ụlọ akwụkwọ ozi Montgomery Ward nke afọ 1920 nke dị na ntọala nke ihe owuwu mbụ.

Ngwuputa ihe ochie nke Somerset County Parks kwadoro puku kwuru puku ihe arịa sitere na ọrụ Lord Stirling site na narị afọ nke 20.

## Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka

Usòrò:LORD_STIRLING_MANOR_SITE;_SOMERSET_COUNTY.jpg|alt=Brick outbuilding on manor site|Nrụpụta brik na saịtị manor


## Hụkwa

* Ndebanye aha obodo nke ndepụta ebe akụkọ ihe mere eme na Somerset County, New Jersey

## Edensibia
1919. N'oge a na-ahọpụta ya na National Register, nanị ihe owuwu ndị fọdụrụ n'ime ihe

## Njikọ mpụga

* Media related to Lord Stirling Manor Site at Wikimedia Commons
*
Ụlọ James C. Twiss

**Ụlọ James C. Twiss** bụ ụlọ akụkọ ihe mere eme dị na 298 N. Page St. na Aviston, Illinois . E wuru ụlọ ahụ na 1907 maka James C. Twiss, onye ọrụ ugbo a ma ama na Clinton County . Onye na-emepụta ihe George Franklin Barber, bụ onye a maara na mba maka nhazi ụlọ akwụkwọ ozi ya, mere atụmatụ maka ụlọ ahụ, nke Twiss họọrọ site na katalọgụ. Ụlọ Queen Anne dị okpukpu abụọ na ọkara n'ogologo nwere akụkụ osisi na ntọala nzu. Ụlọ elu hexagonal na nnukwu ụlọ nke nwere ihe eji arụ osisi nwere akara n'ihu ihu ụlọ ahụ. Ihe owuwu ụzọ mbata nke ụlọ ahụ na-akwado ogidi Tuscan ; Otu obere osisi a na-adọba ụgbọala, nke nwekwara ihe ndị e ji osisi rụọ, na-ekwado ihe owuwu ụzọ mbata ahụ. Otu mbara ihu nke nwere ogidi Tuscan dị n'ala nke abụọ n'elu ọnụ ụzọ mbata. 

Agbakwunyere ụlọ ahụ na National Register of Historic Places na February 17, 2010. 

## Edensibia
nnukwu ụlọ nke nwere ihe eji arụ osisi nwere akara n'ihu ihu ụlọ ahụ. Ihe owuwu ụzọ mbata
Glen Ford (onye nta akụkọ)

Glen Ford ( mmalite Glen Rutherford ; [1] Nọvemba 5, 1949 - Julaị 28, 2021), bụ onye nta akụkọ America, onye, ​​ya na Bruce Dixon na Margaret Kimberley, mebere ihe Black Agenda .  Ọ bụ onye na-elekọta mmadụ, onye agha oge agha Vietnam na onye otu Black Panther Party .  [2] Ọ jere ozi na mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi ruo ọtụtụ afọ na ndụ ịzụ ya.  Ọ bụ Capitol Hill, onye na-ede akwụkwọ ozi State Department na White House maka Mutual Black Network, redio redio America.  [1] Ọ bụ, nkwado, ma nkwado ndị ọnụ ọgụgụ Black mbụ nke mba na-emekọ ihe na ịzụ ahịa, American Black Forum, na 1977.

## Ndụ onwe onye
A egwuregwu Ford na Nọvemba 5, 1949, na Jersey City, New Jersey, nye nne onye Irish America, Shirley, onye bụ onye na-akwado obodo ikike si New Jersey.  [1] Nna ya, Black Radio Hall of Fame inductee, Rudy "The Deuce" Rutherford, n'onwe ya a njikọ na Richland, Georgia, bụ onye mbụ Black nwoke na Deep South na-akwado ihe omume ike na-ahụ nke ozioma.  : Na-ama jijiji na The Deuce .  [2] [3] Mgbe nne na nna ya gbara gbara, o jiri ụfọdụ nke nwata ya na New Jersey na Georgia.

Ford nwụrụ na Julaị 28, 2021, mgbe ọ dị afọ 71, site na kansa na Manhattan .

 Ford ọrụ redio ya na-agụ akwụkwọ ozi mgbe ọ dị afọ 11. Oge izizi ya na ikuku bụ na ụlọ redio James Brown nwere, WRDW na Augusta, Georgia .  Ọ bụ n'ebe ahụ ka Brown kpọchiri aha ya 'Ford.'

Mgbe ọ jere ozi apụ na ndị agha, ọ ọrụ dị ka onye nta redio na Georgia na Maryland, tupu ya arụ ọrụ na 1974 na Washington, DC, na Mutual Black Network .

Ford kwusiri ike maka ndoro-ndoro ochichi na onye isi oche nke Barack Obama .  N'oge ọchịchị aka nke Obama na 2012, na ụka ya na ọka ndị na-agabiga na eze Michael Eric Dyson, Ford kwuru na "Obama nri obere ihe, kama ọ bụ ihe nri dị ike. Anyị na-adaberekwa na  nke na mmetụta ya nakwa n'okwu ya na nwanne okwu ya.

Mgbe e mesịrị na arụmụka ahụ, ọ kọwara amụma mba ofesi Obama dị ka eze ukwu, na-arụtụ aka na "nke a bụ otu n'ime nnukwu ihe nketa akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọchịchị Obama. O leghaara iwu mba ụwa anya, iwu ndị malitere kemgbe ọtụtụ narị afọ, leghaara ikike ọchịchị nke mba dị iche iche anya. " 

## Na-arụ ọrụ

* *Nnukwu Ụgha: Nyocha nke mkpuchi mkpuchi US nke mwakpo Grenada* . Prague: Òtù Mba Nile nke Ndị nta akụkọ, 1985.
* *Agenda ojii* . MA ọ bụ akwụkwọ, 2021. ISBN&nbsp;

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Glen Ford at IMDb
* Glen Ford's contributions on The Real News Network (TRNN)
* "Glen Ford's Ethical Dilemma" (video)
* Twitter account
* LA Progressive
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Ebe a mụrụ Richard Nixon

**Ebe amụrụ Richard Nixon** bụ ebe ọmụmụ na ebe nwata Richard Nixon, onye isi ala 37th nke United States . Ọ dị na ala nke Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum na Yorba Linda, California, ma na-eje ozi dị ka ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie nke ụlọ .

E wuru ụlọ ahụ na 1912 na ebe a na-azụ anụ ezinụlọ; A mụrụ Nixon n'ebe ahụ n'afọ na-esote. Ya na ezinụlọ ya nọrọ ebe ahụ ruo 1922, mgbe ha kwagara Whittier, California . Ahọpụtara ụlọ mbụ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ National Historic Landmark na 1973,  na California Historical Landmark na 1994. 

## Nkọwa na akụkọ ihe mere eme
The Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum dị n'akụkụ ugwu nke Yorba Linda Boulevard na nkwụsị ya na Eureka Avenue, ọdịda anyanwụ nke obodo Yorba Linda. Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka na-achịkwa ụlọ ihe ngosi nka na ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala; Ebe amụrụ ya dị na ebe nzuzo dị ntakịrị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke nnukwu ụlọ ahụ, n'osisi osisi. Ọ bụ a  akụkọ bungalow ụdị onye omenkà, nke nwere elu ụlọ elu na mpụta kụkọchara. Ihu elu ụlọ nke dị n'ebe ugwu nwere nnukwu ụlọ ebe a na-ehicha akwa, na mkpuchi mkpuchi ga-echekwa ọnụ ụzọ mbata. Ụfọdụ n'ime windo ya nwere sashes-pane ma ọ bụ pane. 

Nixon hibere ọgbakọ ọbá akwụkwọ anaghị akwụ ụgwọ na 1968, mgbe o meriri ntuli aka mbụ ya dị ka onye isi ala. Mpaghara ụlọ akwụkwọ nyefere ụlọ ahụ n'aka nzukọ ahụ na 1988. E kwatuola ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ, e guzobekwara ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie n'ogige ahụ. 

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta ala ala akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mba na California
* Ndebanye aha obodo nke ndepụta ebe akụkọ ihe mere eme na Orange County, California
* Ihe ncheta onye isi ala na United States

## Edensibia
akụkọ bungalow ụdị onye omenkà, nke nwere elu ụlọ elu na mpụta kụkọchara. Ihu elu ụlọ nke

## Njikọ mpụga

* Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum: Richard Nixon Ebe amụrụ
* Ọrụ Ntụrụndụ Mba: Ebe ọmụmụ Nixon
* Richard Nixon Foundation
* Sears-homes: "Ihe Amaghị Mmalite nke Richard Nixon's Mail-Order House."
* 
* Huell Howser . Ụlọ Nixon Boyhood. ''Gold nke California'' .