Gertrude Morgan

**Nwanne nwanyị Gertrude Morgan** (Eprel 7, 1900 - Julaị 8, 1980)   bụ onye America na-ese ihe, onye egwu, onye na-agụ uri na onye nkwusa. Amụrụ na LaFayette, Alabama, ọ kwagara New Orleans na 1939, ebe o biri wee rụọ ọrụ ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1980.  Nwanne nwanyị Morgan nwetara otuto dị egwu n'oge ndụ ya maka eserese ndị mmadụ . Agụnyela ọrụ ya n'ọtụtụ ihe ngosi ihe ngosi ọhụụ na nka ọdịnala site na 1970 gawa.

## Ndụ mbido
A mụrụ Sista Morgan Gertrude Williams na Lafayette, Alabama, nye nne Frances "Fannie" Williams na nna Edward Williams. Crown, Carol; Rivers, Cheryl; Wilson, Charles Reagan (3 June 2013). ''The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture: Volume 23: Folk Art''. UNC Press Books. ISBN&nbsp;. Retrieved 3 November 2020 &#x2013; via Google Books. Ọ bụ nwa nke asaa nke otu ezinụlọ dara ogbenye. DeCarlo, Tessa (22 February 2004). "Sister Gertrude, a Preacher Who Could Paint". *[[Akwụkwọ akụkọ New York Times|The New York Times]]*. Retrieved 21 November 2014.

N’ihi ihe ndị a na-amaghị, Nwanna Nwanyị Morgan hapụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ tupu ya agụchaa klaasị nke atọ.  N'ihe dị ka 1917 ezinụlọ ya kwagara Columbus, Georgia,   ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka odibo na onye nọọsụ n'ụlọ nkeonwe.  

## Alụmdi na nwunye
Gertrude Williams lụrụ Will Morgan na February 12, 1928. Berry, Jason; Fagaly, William A.; Morgan, Gertrude; Shannon, Helen M. (2004). . New York, New York: American Folk Art Museum; Rizzoli International Publications. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>0-8478-2623-6</bdi>. Ya na di ya biri na 1324 North Avenue na Columbus, GA. Ọ bụ ezie na e nweghị ihe àmà na-egosi na a gbara alụkwaghịm, a maara na Nwanna Nwaanyị Morgan hapụrụ Columbus nanị ya na 1938, na-ebu ụzọ gaa Alabama ma mesịa gaa New Orleans, bụ́ ebe ọ ga-ebi. 

## Oku okpukperechi

### Ntinye aka na mbụ na chọọchị
Akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ Sista Morgan tinyere aka n'okpukpe bịara mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ụma, mgbe ọ banyere Rose Hill Memorial Baptist Church, ọgbakọ dị na Columbus, Georgia. Mgbe ọ malitere eserese na 1956, Nwanna Nwanyị Morgan depụtara oge a na ndụ ya na eserese *THE ROSE HILL MEMORIAL BAPTiST CHURCH, Columbus Ga.* (nd) na *Rose Hill Memorial Baptist Church* (nd). Berry, Jason; Fagaly, William A.; Morgan, Gertrude; Shannon, Helen M. (2004). . New York, New York: American Folk Art Museum; Rizzoli International Publications. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>0-8478-2623-6</bdi>. Eserese ndị a na-akọwa mgbanwe mgbanwe na ndu ụka Rose Hill, ka Reverend Miller nwụsịrị na 1930.

### Mkpughe sitere na Chineke
Nke mbụ n’ime ọtụtụ mkpughe nke Gertrude ga-enweta bịara na 1934. Edere akụkọ nke mkpughe a n'otu ihe osise ya, *1324 NO AVE COLUMBUS GA.* (nd). Odewo n'elu ya, sị, "Ịnọdụ n'ime kichin m n'otu abalị, anụrụ m nnukwu olu dị ike na-agwa m na m ga-eme gị ka ị bụrụ akara n'ihi na ahọpụtara m gị, enwetara m ọkpụkpọ a n'ụbọchị 30 nke Dec na 1934. zaa m oku na otu ụbọchị nyela na Pack elu na-aga … a họọrọ arịa nke Chineke ya ebube ịbụ Chineke kpọrọ m a chụrụ m na tụgharịa m n'aka nwa ya nwoke na JESUS sị welie gị obe na-eso m."  "Sister Gertrude Morgan | Biography & History | AllMusic". *AllMusic*. Retrieved 2017-07-08.

Na 1938 mkpughe nke abụọ sochiri, n'ụdị olu nke kwuru, "Gaa-oooo, Onye nkwusa, gwa ya ụwa". Ọ bụ n'afọ a ka ọ hapụrụ Columbus, nke mbụ gawa Opelika, Alabama, wee gaa Mobile na ikekwe Montgomery. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nọọsụ na nwa nwa nwanyị na Opelika na Mobile, na ikekwe malite ọrụ dịka onye na-agwọ ọrịa na onye amụma okporo ụzọ n'oge a. Berry, Jason; Fagaly, William A.; Morgan, Gertrude; Shannon, Helen M. (2004). . New York, New York: American Folk Art Museum; Rizzoli International Publications. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>0-8478-2623-6</bdi>.

### Ụlọ mgbei na New Orleans
Mgbe ọ rutere New Orleans na 1939, Nwanna Nwanyị Gertrude zutere mama Margaret Parker na Nwanna Nwanyị Cora Williams. Ụmụnwaanyị abụọ ahụ tinyere aka na ngagharị ịdị nsọ na nke dị nsọ, okwukwe Africa America nke mmemme egwu, egwu na egwu bụ isi. N’oge na-adịghị anya, ụmụ nwanyị atọ ahụ hibere ozi na ebe ụmụ mgbei n’ụlọ nne Parker dị na 533 Flake Avenue na Lower Gentilly, wee na mpụga New Orleans. E ji ego e nwetara site n’ikwusa ozi ọma na ime ihe nkiri n’okporo ámá kwụọ ụlọ ụmụ mgbei ahụ. Berry, Jason; Fagaly, William A.; Morgan, Gertrude; Shannon, Helen M. (2004). . New York, New York: American Folk Art Museum; Rizzoli International Publications. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>0-8478-2623-6</bdi>.

Ụmụ nwanyị atọ ahụ chiri uwe ojii, ma nye ihe ruru ụmụ mgbei iri abụọ na ndị gbapụrụ agbapụ n'otu oge. (N'ihe osise Sista Gertrude mere, a na-ese onyinyo ụmụ nwanyị atọ a na uwe mwụda ojii ha, nke ejiri akwa ọcha, eriri na eriri úkwù chọọ ya mma). Ebe Gentilly bụ ime ime obodo n'oge a, ha na-azụ anụ ụlọ ma na-akụ inine n'ala gbara nnukwu ụlọ ahụ gburugburu. Ha mere oriri agbata obi n’ogige ụmụ mgbei, ebe ‘Ndị amụma’ (dị ka Nwanna Nwanyị Morgan ga-emecha kpọọ ha na ihe osise ya) na-akpọ piano, ịgbà, ájà na iti ịgbà.  Na mgbakwunye na ikwusa ozi ọma n'okporo ámá, ụmụ nwanyị atọ ahụ gara n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Orleans Parish, na-enye nduzi ime mmụọ maka ndị mkpọrọ, yana ịga obodo ndị ọzọ na Louisiana na Texas maka ogige ụka na nzukọ. Sista Morgan rụrụ ọrụ n’ebe a na-elekọta ụmụ mgbei ruo 1957.

### Isi okwu
Na mbụ na-echepụta ihe osise ya dị ka ihe mgbakwunye na nkuzi ozi-ọma ya,  A na-edekarị ihe osise Sista Morgan na akụkụ Akwụkwọ Nsọ na egwu na egwu ozi ọma ama ama. N'otu aka ahụ, ihe osise ya nke na-edepụta oge ọ bụ nwata, oge ọ bụ nwata na afọ mbụ na New Orleans ka edere ya na akụkọ nke ihe omume dị iche iche, bụ ndị na-ekwukarị ọrụ ozi ọma ya.

Morgan kwadoro Akwụkwọ Mkpughe karịsịa. William A. Fagaly na-ede, sị: "Ihe odide apocalyptic nke Akwụkwọ Mkpughe na-enye plethora nke ihe oyiyi ọhụụ: Apọkalips na ndị na-agba ịnyịnya anọ ya, onye àmà na-egosi, onye akwụna nke Babilọn, anụ ọhịa ahụ (ya na akara 666), akwụkwọ eluigwe nke akara asaa, Amagedọn, nloghachi nke ndị Juu n’Ala Nsọ, alaeze otu puku afọ nke Kraịst n’elu ụwa, na Jerusalem Ọhụrụ.” Berry, Jason; Fagaly, William A.; Morgan, Gertrude; Shannon, Helen M. (2004). . New York, New York: American Folk Art Museum; Rizzoli International Publications. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>0-8478-2623-6</bdi>. Ọ bụ maka ihe osise ya nke Jerusalem Ọhụrụ ka a kacha mara Sista Morgan. Obodo nsọ Jerusalem Ọhụrụ “na-esi n’eluigwe na-arịdata” bụ nke a na-egosipụta mgbe nile dị ka nnukwu ụlọ nwere nnukwu ọnụ ụlọ n’ime ihe ndị o dere. N'ime ụfọdụ ihe osise Jerusalem Ọhụrụ, otu ukwe nke ndị mmụọ ozi dị n'etiti agbụrụ na-achọ eluigwe mma. Ndị otu mmụọ ozi na-agakarị ọtụtụ ihe osise ya, mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka otu n'ime ọtụtụ ihe dị na ihe mejupụtara, na oge ndị ọzọ dị ka naanị isiokwu.

Ihe oyiyi ọzọ na-emegharị ugboro ugboro na ọrụ ya bụ ihe osise onwe ya dị ka Nwunye nke Kraịst, ka ya na Jizọs nọ n'ụgbọelu. Enwere nkọwa na nke a na-ezo aka n'abụ "Oh, Jesus Is My Air-o-plane", nke e dekọrọ na 1930. Berry, Jason; Fagaly, William A.; Morgan, Gertrude; Shannon, Helen M. (2004). . New York, New York: American Folk Art Museum; Rizzoli International Publications. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>0-8478-2623-6</bdi>. Ukwe ọzọ, "Jizọs, Onye Nzọpụta, Pilot Me", nke Edward Hopper bipụtara nke mbụ ya na 1871, guzobe ụkpụrụ Jizọs-dị ka-pilot metụtara ya.

Ihe e ji mara ọrụ ya na-emecha site na akara nke ihe odide ndị ahụ. Onyonyo ya na-aghọ obere ihe na n'ụdị ụfọdụ adịghị adị.

Nwanne nwanyị Morgan binyere aka na eserese ya nwere ọtụtụ aha, n'ime ha Black Angel, Nwa Atụrụ a na-alụ ọhụrụ, Nọọsụ nye Dọkịta Jesus, Onye Nkwusa Ozi Ọma Ebighị Ebi, Nwunye nke Kraịst na Nwa nwanyị Etiopia.

### Ọrụ
N'ihe dị ka n'afọ 1960, onye na-ere ihe osise Larry Borenstein zutere Nwanna Nwanyị Morgan mgbe ọ na-ekwusa ozi ọma na Quarter French. Ọ kpọrọ ya ka o mee na gosi ọrụ n'ebe a na-ese ihe osise ya ka ọ bịachara n'ebe ọ nọ na-eti mkpu n'akụkụ okporo ámá na-eji megaphone akwụkwọ.  Borenstein zụlitere ndị na-ege ntị maka ọrụ ya site n'iwebata ihe osise ya na ndị nchịkọta, ndị na-ese ihe, ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na ụlọ ngosi ihe ngosi. Lee Friedlander na Andy Warhol bụ ndị na-akwado ọrụ ya. Warhol bụ onye nta akụkọ mgbe ụfọdụ, ebe Friedlander ji Sista Morgan mee ihe dịka isiokwu na foto ya. 

Na 1970 onye na-ede uri na onye na-eme ihe nkiri Rod McKuen, onye na-akwado na onye na-anakọta ọrụ Morgan ji ihe atụ iri na atọ nke ya soro otu akwụkwọ nhota Bible, *Chineke Kasị Ukwuu* . Ọ rere ihe karịrị 300 000 mbipụta.

Otu n'ime ihe nlere ọkụ na eserese sitere na *ihe kacha mma nke Chukwu* bụ mkpokọta Smithsonian 's Evans-Tibbs.  Ihe osise ya *Ka anyị Mee ndekọ* sitere na 1970s dị na nchịkọta na-adịgide adịgide nke Pérez Art Museum Miami . 

### Nnukwu ngosi
Na 1970, e gosiri ọrụ Nwanna Nwanyị Morgan na Arts and Science Center dị na Baton Rouge, LA. 

Na 1973 ọrụ ya gụnyere na ihe ngosi *Louisiana Folk Painting* na Museum of American Folk Art (ugbu a American Folk Art Museum ) na New York. "Sister Gertrude Morgan | Biography & History | AllMusic". *AllMusic*. Retrieved 2017-07-08. Ihe ngosi mmadụ atọ ahụ gosipụtara ihe karịrị ihe osise 75 nke Nwanna Nwanyị Morgan, yana ndị omenkà ibe ya bụ Clementine Hunter na Bruce Brice. Berry, Jason; Fagaly, William A.; Morgan, Gertrude; Shannon, Helen M. (2004). . New York, New York: American Folk Art Museum; Rizzoli International Publications. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>0-8478-2623-6</bdi>. Ọ bụkwa na 1973 ka NOMA gosipụtara ọrụ Nwanna Nwanyị Morgan na nke mbụ, na ihe ngosi akpọrọ *Naive Art na Louisiana.*

N'afọ 1982, ihe ngosi *Black Folk Art na America, 1930-1980* gosipụtara ndị nka iri abụọ (gụnyere Nwanna nwanyị Morgan) na nso ihe osise 400 na ihe ọkpụkpụ. Ọ mepere na Corcoran Museum of Art wee gaa na San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Saint Louis Art Museum, Baltimore Museum of Art, Des Moines Art Center na Cleveland Museum of Art. 

Na 2004, nlegharị anya nke mbụ nke ọrụ Morgan *The Tools of Her Ministry: Art of Sister Gertrude Morgan* meghere na Folk Art Museum na New York City. Ọ bụ William A. Fagaly, onye bụbu onye ntụzi ihe ngosi nka nke New Orleans (NOMA) mere ihe ngosi ahụ. Ihe ngosi a gakwara na NOMA ma mechaa gaa na Center for Intuitive and Outsider Art na Chicago. Ihe ngosi ahụ sonye na mbipụta nke katalọgụ nwere edemede nke William A. Fagaly, Jason A. Berry na Helen M. Shannon dere.

### Ọgwụgwụ nke eserese
Nkà Sista Morgan wetara ya ama na aha ya, ihe a kọrọ na ọ masịrị ya ma nwee mmetụta na-emegiderịta onwe ya. N'afọ 1973 ọ mara ọkwa na Onye-nwe nyere ya iwu ka ọ kwụsị ịse ihe iji tinye uche n'ime nkwusa na uri ya.  'Na-ese ihe ugbu a? Ee e,' ka o kwuru na 1974. Enwere m oke nchegbu. Na-echegbu onwe gị banyere oge ọ bụ na ikpe ekpere na ikpe ndị mmadụ. ' 

## Egwu
Egwú bụ ngwá ọrụ ọzọ Nwanna Morgan ji eje ozi. Na mmalite 1970s, *Let's Make A Record* "Sister Gertrude Morgan | Biography & History | AllMusic". *AllMusic*. Retrieved 2017-07-08. ka edekọtara iji jide Morgan na-abụ abụ ma na-akụ ịgbà ya. N'afọ 2004, ewepụtara ya album mbụ na label Preservation Hall Recordings.

N'afọ 2005, akara Ropeadope wepụtara *King Britt na-enye Nwanna nwanyị Gertrude Morgan*, bụ nke weere ihe ndekọ cappella/tambourine nke *Let's Make A Record* ma gbakwunyere mmemme ịkụ egwu nke oge a na ngwá ọrụ. Ndekọ a nwetara nyocha dị egwu  wee mepụta ndị na-ege ntị ọhụrụ maka Nwanna nwanyị Gertrude Morgan. Ihe osise album ahụ gosipụtara eserese ya.

## Ọrụ ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ

* Morgan, Gertrude. *[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/56203237 Ka anyị Mee Ndekọ.]* [New Orleans, Louisiana]: Ndekọ Ụlọ Nzukọ Nchekwa, 2004. Edekọrọ ndụ n'ime ọnụ ụlọ ekpere, 511 Royal Street, New Orleans, Louisiana.
* Britt, King na Gertrude Morgan. *[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/61773184 Eze Britt na-enye nwanne nwanyị Gertrude Morgan.]* [New York]: Ropeadope, 2005. Nwanna nwanyị Gertrude Morgan dekọrọ na mbụ n’Ụlọ Nchekwa, New Orleans, 1968. Eze Britt dekọrọ na Hut na Nautica, Philadelphia.
* Levin, Gail. *Nkà na-aga n'ihu: Nwanna nwanyị Gertrude* (2004)

## Ọnwụ
Na Julaị 8, 1980, Nwanna Nwanyị Morgan nwụrụ n’ụra ya n’ụlọ ya dị na Lower Ninth Ward.   Ọ bụ Larry Borenstein mere ndokwa maka olili ya na e mere mmemme n'ụlọ a na-eme nke ọma nke Bultman, na St. Charles Avenue. Berry, Jason; Fagaly, William A.; Morgan, Gertrude; Shannon, Helen M. (2004). . New York, New York: American Folk Art Museum; Rizzoli International Publications. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>0-8478-2623-6</bdi>. E gosipụtara ọrụ nka ya na ọrụ ahụ, wee *kpọọ Ka Anyị Mee ndekọ* .

## Hụkwa

* Nkà dị n'èzí

## Ihe ndetu na nrụtụ aka
dị ike na-agwa m na m ga-eme gị ka ị bụrụ akara n'ihi na ahọpụtara m gị, enwetara m ọkpụkpọ a n'ụbọchị 30 nke Dec na 1934. zaa m oku na otu ụbọchị nyela na Pack elu na-aga … a họọrọ arịa nke Chineke ya ebube ịbụ Chineke kpọrọ m a chụrụ m na tụgharịa m n'aka nwa ya nwoke na JESUS sị welie gị obe na-eso m."  dị ike na-agwa m na m ga-eme gị ka ị bụrụ akara n'ihi na ahọpụtara m gị, enwetara m ọkpụkpọ a n'ụbọchị 30 nke Dec na 1934. zaa m oku na otu ụbọchị nyela na Pack elu na-aga … a họọrọ arịa nke Chineke ya ebube ịbụ Chineke kpọrọ m a chụrụ m na tụgharịa m n'aka nwa ya nwoke na JESUS sị welie gị obe na-eso m."  

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* Arnett, Paul, na William Arnett. *Mkpụrụ obi toro miri emi : African American nka asụsụ ndịda* . np: Atlanta, Ga. : Akwụkwọ Tinwood ; [New York, NY] : Na mkpakọrịta na Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, New York Public Library, 2000.
* Conwill, Kinshasha Holman. "N'ịchọ ihe 'Ezigbo' Ọhụụ: Ịmepụta Mkpesa nke Onye Nkà Mmụta America-Amụma Akụziri Onwe Ya." *American Art* 5, mba. 4 (Mgbụsị akwụkwọ 1991): 2-9 .
* Clark, Emily. *[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/747718945 Ọ bụ Clover Akwụkwọ anọ dị na Obodo Katrina tụgharịrị: Nwanne nwanyị akụkọ ihe mere eme Gertrude Morgan na ndị na-ekiri ajọ ifufe nke Katrina.]* Thesis (MA) - Mahadum Missouri-Columbia, 2009.

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ngwa nke Ozi Ya: Akụkọ ndụ Nwanna Nwanyị Gertrude Morgan sitere na New Orleans Museum of Art
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations