open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
V

V, ma ọ bụ v, bụ mkpụrụedemede iri abụọ na abụọ na nke ise ruo ikpeazụ n'ime mkpụrụedemede Bekee ọgbara ọhụrụ yana mkpụrụedemede Latin ISO isi.  Aha ya na bekee bụ vee (akpọrọ /ˈviː/), plural vees.[1]
Virtual International Authority File

thumb|Virtual International Authority File
Faịlụ ikike nke mba ụwa (VIAF) bụ faịlụ ikike mba ụwa.  Ọ bụ ọrụ jikọrọ ọnụ nke ọtụtụ ọba akwụkwọ mba yana ụlọ ọrụ ọbá akwụkwọ kọmpụta dị n'ịntanetị (OCLC) na-arụ ya.[1]
Egwuregwu vidiyo

[thumb|[Usòrò:ArcadeGames.jpg|thumb|Egwuregwu vidiyovideo game]]
Egwuregwu vidiyo, [lower-alpha 1] nke a makwaara dị ka egwuregwu kọmputa, bụ egwuregwu eletrọnịkị nke gụnyere mmekọrịta nke onye ọrụ ma ọ bụ ngwaọrụ ntinye - dị ka joystick, njikwa, kiiboodu, ma ọ bụ ngwaọrụ mmetụta ngagharị - iji mepụta nzaghachi anya.  A na-egosipụtakarị nzaghachi a na ngwaọrụ ngosi vidiyo, dị ka ihe onyonyo, ihe nleba anya, ihuenyo mmetụ, ma ọ bụ ekweisi eziokwu mebere.  Ụfọdụ egwuregwu kọmputa anaghị adabere mgbe niile na ihe ngosi eserese, dịka ọmụmaatụ, egwuregwu njem egwuregwu ederede na chess kọmputa nwere ike ịme site na ngwa nbipute teletype.  A na-agbakwunye egwuregwu vidiyo site na nzaghachi ọdịyo ewepụtara site na ọkà okwu ma ọ bụ ekweisi, yana mgbe ụfọdụ ụdị nzaghachi ndị ọzọ, gụnyere teknụzụ haptic.
Jennifer Alanyo

**Jennifer Alanyo** bụ dọkịta Uganda, onye agha na onye omeiwu. Ọ na-anọchite anya ndị agha na-echebe ndị Uganda (UPDF) na ndị omeiwu nke Uganda.

## Mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
Alanyo bụ dọkịta site na ọrụ, ọ bụkwa onye agha UPDF na ọkwa nke Major.

Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị ọrụ ahụike dị elu na UPDF ma na-eduzi ndị otu ahụike UPDF, nke n'etiti ndị ọzọ na-ahụ maka usoro nchịkọta UPDF inoder iji nweta ndị agha nwere ahụike.

## Ọrụ
A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye omeiwu iji nọchite anya ndị agha Uganda People's Defense Forces (UPDF) na aro sitere na kansụl ndị agha na ntuli aka ndị ọrụ agha.

Oso na umunwayi ato ahoputara na of UPDF in parliament, ndi ozo gunyere, Charity Bainababo and Victor Nekesa.

Na nzuko omeiwu, ọ na-eje ozi na kọmitii sayensị, teknụzụ na ihe ọhụrụ.

## Ebemsidee

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Benedicta van Minnen

**Benedicta Maria van Minnen** (amụrụ na 10 Disemba 1970) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa na onye otu Democratic Alliance . Ọ bụ onye otu National Assembly kemgbe 22 Mee 2019. N'oge gara aga, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye kansụl na Cape Town.

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
Van Minnen gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum nke Cape Town . N'afọ 1991, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye nnọchi anya ụmụ akwụkwọ mahadum (SRC).

## Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị
Onye otu Democratic Alliance, a họpụtara ya na mbụ dị ka onye kansụl mpaghara maka ngalaba 15 na Cape Town na ntuli aka ime obodo nke afọ 2011.

A họpụtara onye otu Kọmitii Mayoral maka ahụike, Lungiswa James, ka ọ bụrụ onye omebe iwu nke mba na ntuli aka nke afọ 2014, nke mere ka ọnọdụ ahụ bụrụ ihe efu. N'ihi ya, onye isi obodo Patricia de Lille họpụtara Van Minnen n'ọkwa ahụ. De Lille kpọgara ya na ụlọ ọrụ na Jenụwarị 2015. A họpụtara Van Minnen dị ka onye kansụl PR na ntuli aka ime obodo nke Ọgọst 2016. De Lille debere ya na kọmitii onye isi obodo ruo Jenụwarị 2017.

## Ọrụ omeiwu
Tupu ntuli aka nke 8 Mee 2019, Van Minnen nọ n'ọnọdụ nke abụọ na ndepụta nke DA nke Western Cape nke ndị na-azọ ọkwa maka National Assembly. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye omeiwu mgbe ntuli aka ahụ gasịrị, a ṅụrụ ya iyi na 22 Mee 2019.

Na 5 June 2019, onye isi ndị omeiwu nke DA Mmusi Maimane họpụtara ya dị ka osote ọnụ na-ekwuchitere pati ahụ na Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Akụkọ Ọha. Ọ ghọrọ onye otu kọmitii na 27 June 2019.

Van Minnen ghọrọ onye nnọchi anya Kọmitii maka Nnyocha nke ngalaba 194 na 21 June 2021.

## Ebensidee


## Njikọ mpụga

* Akụkọ ndụ nke National Assembly
* Akụkọ ndụ nke Nzukọ Ndị Mmadụ

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Liezl van der Merwe

**Liezl Linda van der Merwe** (amụrụ n'ụbọchị nke 5 n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1980) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa nke na-eje ozi dị ka onye otu National Assembly of South Africa, na-anọchite anya Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP). Ọ ghọrọ onye omeiwu na Mee 2012.

## Ndụ na ọrụ
A mụrụ Van der Merwe na Goodwood, Cape Town. Ọ gara Panorama Primary School ma gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Paarl Gimnasium . Mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, ọ nwere mmasị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. O mechara nweta diplọma na Journalism.

Ọ kwagara London wee rụọ ọrụ maka ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi ITV. Mgbe ọ laghachiri South Africa, ọ ghọrọ onye otu IFP. N'ime IFP, ọ na-eje ozi dị ka onye nduzi nkwukọrịta nke pati ahụ ma bụrụ onye otu IFP National Council. Ọ bụkwa onye bụbu onye otu National Youth Brigade nke pati ahụ na onye otu ugbu a nke Women's Brigade nke otu ahụ.

Van der Merwe ghọrọ onye omeiwu na Mee 2012. A ṅụrụ ya iyi n'akụkụ ọnụ na-ekwuchitere IFP Mkhuleko Hlengwa. A họpụtara ya maka oge mbụ ya zuru ezu na Mee 2014 wee merie oge ọzọ na Mee 2019.

## Ebensidee

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ms Liezl Linda Van Der Merwe Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu nke South Africa

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Busisiwe Tshwete

**Busisiwe Tshwete** (amụrụ na 7 Mee 1981) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa na onye otu National Assembly of South Africa maka African National Congress (ANC).

A họpụtara Tshwete ka ọ bụrụ onye omebe iwu mba na ntuli aka South Africa nke afọ 2019.

Ọ bụ onye otu National Assembly's Portfolio Committee on Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development ugbu a.

## Ebensidee

## Njikọ mpụga

* Busisiwe Tshwete at People's Assembly
* Ms Busisiwe Tshwete na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu nke South Africa

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Judith Tshabalala

**Judith Tshabalala** (amụrụ na 30 Machị 1982) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa si Gauteng na-eje ozi dị ka onye otu National Assembly of South Africa kemgbe 2019, na n'oge gara aga site na 2011 ruo 2014. Tshabalala bụ onye otu African National Congress .

## Ọrụ omeiwu
Tshabalala bụ onye otu African National Congress . Ọ banyere na National Assembly nke South Africa na 19 Ọktoba 2011 dị ka onye nọchiri Noluthando Mayende-Sibiya. N'oge mbụ ya, e kenyere ya na Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Ego na Kọmiti Portfolio na Arts na Ọdịbendị. N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2013, ọ ghọrọ onye otu kọmitii ad hoc na nhọpụta nke Auditor General. A họpụtabeghị ya maka oge zuru ezu na ntuli aka nke afọ 2014, ebe ọ bụ na ọ nọ n'okpuru na ndepụta mpaghara na mba nke ANC.

Na Mee 2019, a họpụtara Tshabalala ka ọ laghachi na National Assembly. Ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Juun afọ 2019, ọ bụ onye otu Portfolio Committee on Public Enterprises.

## Ndụ onwe onye
N'ọnwa Febụwarị 2020, a tọọrọ Tshabalala n'ụlọ ya dị na Sebokeng. E jidere ya ma tụba ya n'enweghị mmerụ ahụ na Eden Park, Alberton.

## Ebensidee

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ms Judith Tshabalala na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu nke South Africa

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Nokuzola Tolashe

**Nokuzola Gladys Tolashe** bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa na onye omeiwu (MP) maka African National Congress .

## Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị
Na 5 Septemba 2016, a ṅụrụ Tolashe iyi dị ka onye otu ANC Member of Parliament na National Assembly. Ọ nọchiri Raesibe Eunice Nyalungu, onye nwụrụ. N'oge mbụ ya na National Assembly, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Kọmitii Portfolio na Agriculture, Forestry na Fisheries, Kọmitii Porfolio na Labour, Kọmiti Portfolio na Communications. Ọ gbara arụkwaghịm na National Assembly na 25 Febụwarị 2018 ma Daniel Jabu Kabini nọrọ n'oche ya. N'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2018, a họpụtara ya dị ka onye isi obodo nke Enoch Mgijima Local Municipality.

A họpụtara Tolashe ka ọ laghachi na National Assembly na ntuli aka 2019 site na ndepụta nke ANC nke Eastern Cape. Ọ na-eje ozi na Kọmitii Na-adịgide adịgide na Akụkọ Ọha na Kọmiti maka Nnyocha nke 194 . N'afọ 2020, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi oche nke Kọmitii Ad Hoc na nhọpụta nke Auditor-General.

## Ebensidee

## Njikọ mpụga

* Profaịlụ na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu nke South Africa

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Bridgette Tlhomelang

**Keitumetse Bridgette Tlhomelang** (amụrụ na 28 Disemba 1975) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa nke na-eje ozi dị ka onye African National Congress Member of Parliament si North West .

## Ọrụ omeiwu
Tlhomelang bụ onye otu African National Congress . Ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ nke asatọ na ndepụta ANC nke ndị omeiwu si North West maka ntuli aka ndị omeiwu nke Mee 8, 2019. ANC meriri 63.69% nke ngụkọta vootu na vootu mba na mpaghara ahụ, na-enye ya ohere itoolu n'ime oche mpaghara iri na atọ na National Assembly, ụlọ nke ala nke ndị omeiwu. A họpụtara Tlhomelang ka ọ bụrụ onye omebe iwu nke mba ahụ ma ṅụọ iyi n'oge nnọkọ mbụ nke National Assembly mgbe ntuli aka ahụ gasịrị na 22 Mee 2019.

A họpụtara Tlhomelang ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na Kọmitii Portfolio na Small Business Development maka Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu nke isii (20192024) na 27 June 2019. N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Julaị, a họpụtara ya ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na Kọmitii Na-eduzi nke nwere mmadụ ise nke Multi-Party Women's Caucus.

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Keitumetse Bridgette Tlhomelang at People's Assembly
* Profaịlụ na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu nke South Africa

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Florence Tito

**Lorato Florence Tito** bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa na onye otu South African National Assembly . Tito bụ onye otu Economic Freedom Fighters.

## Akụkọ ndụ
Tito gụrụ akwụkwọ na Tetlanyo Secondary School na Kimberley, Northern Cape. O nwere diplọma na ahịa na nchịkwa ọha na eze na njikwa.

Tupu a họpụta ya na ndị omeiwu, ọ bụ onye kansụl EFF na Sol Plaatje Local Municipality na Frances Baard District Municipality.

Tito guzoro dị ka onye omeiwu EFF na ntuli aka mba nke afọ 2019, e mesịkwara họpụta ya na National Assembly ma ṅụọ iyi na 22 Mee 2019.

Kemgbe ọ ghọrọ onye omeiwu, Tito abụwo onye otu Portfolio Committee on Home Affairs.

## Ebensidee


## Njikọ mpụga

* Lorato Florence Tito at People's Assembly

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Nompumelelo Ntuli Zuma

**Nompumelelo Ntuli Zuma** bụ onye bụbu nwanyị mbụ nke South Africa, ọ bụkwa nwunye nke abụọ ugbu a n'alụmdi na nwunye karịa otu nwanyị na Jacob Zuma, onye bụbu onye isi ala nke South Africa.

## Akụkọ ndụ
Zumaz nke anọ na nwunye nke abụọ ugbu a, Nompumelelo Ntuli (MaNtuli) bụ nne nke atọ n'ime ụmụ ya, tupu ọ lụọ ya na 2008 n'ememe ọdịnala nke nwetara ọtụtụ nlebara anya mgbasa ozi na mbido Zumaz maka ọkwa onye isi ala. O nwere ụmụ atọ: Manqoba Kholwani, Sinqobile, Thandisiwe.

## Mmachibido iwu maka ngwakọta
N'afọ 2015, e boro ya ebubo na ọ bụ akụkụ nke atụmatụ igbu di ya, onye isi ala Jacob Zuma n'oge ahụ. N'ihi ya, a machibidoro ya iwu n'ụlọ Nkandla. Ụlọ Ọrụ Nchebe Steeti jidere ya, na-ekwu na ọ bụghị iwu na-akwadoghị, a tọhapụrụ ya mgbe e mesịrị. Nnyocha ndị e mere mgbe e mesịrị achọtaghị ihe akaebe nke nsị ahụ ma ọ bụ ọrụ ya na ya. A na-enyocha kpọmkwem ọnọdụ nke njide ya.

## Ebensidee


Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Escravos–Lagos Pipeline System

The **Escravos–Lagos Pipeline System** (**ELPS**) bụ usoro paịpụ gas e wuru na 1989 iji nye gas site na mpaghara Escravos nke Niger Delta gaa na ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik Egbin dị nso na Lagos na Nigeria. Usoro ndị ọzọ sitere na ELP na-ebufe gas nye ndị ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik Delta na Ughelli, Warri Refining and Petrochemical Company na Warri, West African Portland Cement (WAPCO) Plants dị na Shagamu nakwa Ewekoro, ụlọ ọrụ ndị dị na Ikorodu, City Gate dị na lkeja Lagos.  
Ebe ọ bụ na ụlọ ọrụ ike NIPP pụtara, ELPS bụ isi akwara na-enye gas na ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik na Naịjirịa.

## Ebe e si enweta gaasị a na-etinye n'ahịrị paịpụ

* Pipeline ahụ malitere na Escravos Gas Plant (EGP) nke Chevron na-arụ ọrụ nke nwere 680 nde cubic feet kwa ụbọchị (   mita kwa ụbọchị) ikike.Ụlọ ọrụ EGP na-enye 215  cu ft / d (6.1  m3/d) na ahịa gas dị n'ime ụlọ site na Pipeline Escravos TianLagos.A na-ebufe akụkụ nke 170 nde cu ft / d (4.8  m3/d) site na Escravos gaa na West African Gas Pipelihttps://web.archive.org/web/20150910091309/http://www.chevron.com/documents/pdf/nigeriafactsheet.pdfne. 
* Ụlọ ọrụ gas Odidi nke Neconde na-arụ ọrụ na ikike 40   ft / d (1.1 nde m3/d).
* Utorogu gas plant nke NNPC na-arụ ọrụ nke nwere ikike 360 nde cu ft /  (10  m3/d), yana mmelite na-aga n'ihu ruo 510   ft "d (14  m3/ d).
* Ụlọ ọrụ gas Oben nke Seplat na-arụ ọrụ na ikike 300 ne  ft / d (8.5  m3/d).

## Nkọwa teknụzụ
Obosara nke akụkụ bụ isi nke paịpụ site na Warri Gas Treatment Plant ruo Egbin tee na PS4 dị nso Lagos bụ inches 36 (910 mm). 
Obosara nke ngalaba ahụ site na Escravos ruo Warri na site na Egbin Tee ruo Alagbado Tee na PS5 bụ inches 24 (610 mm). 
Ikike nke paịpụ ahụ bụ nde 800 cu ft / d (23  m3/d) na nrụgide dị mma ma ọ naghị ezute mkpa gas a tụrụ anya ya.

## Ndị ahịa

* Ụlọ ọrụ ike Egbin nke nwere gas achọrọ ihe dị ka nde 360  scf/d (290 MWh/d).
* Ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ Ihovbor nke na-achọ gas na-eri ihe dị ka nde 120 scf/d (96 MWh/d).
* Ụlọ ọrụ ike Omotoscho I nke nwere gas a chọrọ ihe dị ka nde 90 scf/d (72 MWh/d).
* Ụlọ ọrụ ike Omotoscho II nke nwere gas a chọrọ ihe dị ka nde 120 scf/d (96 MWh/d).
* Ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ Sapele nke nwere gas achọrọ ihe dị ka nde 120 scf/d (96 MWh/d).

Site na inches 24 (610 ) tee na Itoki:

* Olorunsogo I ụlọ ọrụ ike na-achọ gas na-eri ihe dị ka nde 90 scf/d (72 MWh/d).
* Ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ Olorunsogo II nke nwere gas a chọrọ ihe dị ka nde 120 scf/d (96 MWh/d).

Site na tee gaa Oben - Geregu pipeline ELPS nwere ike ibuga gaasị na ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik Geregu I na II yana ụlọ ọrụ igwe Ajaokuta. ELPS na-ebukwa gaasị ọnụọgụ ya dị nde 170 scf/d (140 MWh/d) maka West African Gas Pipeline.
Rita Orji

**Rita Orji** bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naịjirịa. Ọ bụbu onye otu ụlọ ndị nnọchiteanya, na-anọchite anya Ajeromi Ifelodun Federal Constituency nke Lagos State n'oge nzukọ omeiwu nke asatọ nke mba ahụ.  

## Edensibia

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Grace Tseke

**Grace Kekulu Tseke** bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa bụ onye bụ onye omeiwu (MP) maka African National Congress kemgbe afọ 2009.

## Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga
Tseke nwetara diplọma mahadum na agụmakwụkwọ n'afọ 1997, diplọma na Business Computing n'afọ 2004 na asambodo na Managing the Employment Process n'afọ 2006.

Tseke bụ onye kansụl ngalaba nke African National Congress site na 2000 ruo 2005, onye isi oche alaka nke African National Congreso Women's League site na 2001 ruo 2002, odeakwụkwọ nke alaka Greenmara nke ANC site na 2001 gaa 2004, osote odeakwụkwọ site na 2006 ruo 2008 na Maretele PCO Administrator site na 2004 ruo 2009.

## Ọrụ omeiwu
N'afọ 2009, a họpụtara Tseke ka ọ bụrụ onye nnọchi anya ANC na National Assembly of South Africa. N'oge mbụ ya dị ka onye omeiwu, ọ bụ onye otu Portfolio Committee on Sport and Recreation na Portfolio Committee for Women, Youth and People with Disabilities.

A họpụtara Tseke ọzọ ka ọ bụrụ onye omeiwu n'afọ 2014. A kpọrọ ya aha na Kọmitii Portfolio on Women in The Presidency. N'afọ 2018, Tseke kwuru na ya "enweghị ike ide ezigbo akụkọ" banyere Ngalaba Ụmụ nwanyị na Onye isi ala.

A họpụtara Tseke ọzọ n'ụlọ omebe iwu n'afọ 2019. A kpọrọ ya aha na Kọmitii Portfolio na Ahụike na Kọmiti Portfolio na Human Settlements, Water and Sanitation.

N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2021, a tọhapụrụ Tseke na Kọmitii Portfolio na Health na Kọmiti Portfolio na Human Settlements, Water and Sanitation. A họpụtara ya ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na Kọmitii maka Nnyocha nke 194 na Kọmiti Portfolio nke e guzobere ọhụrụ na Mmiri na Mmiri.

## Ebensidee

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ms Grace Kekulu Tseke na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu nke South Africa
* Tseke, Grace Kekulu na ANC Parliamentary Caucus

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Tshoganetso Tongwane

**Tshoganetso Mpho Adolphina Tongwane** (nwụrụ na 19 Mee 2021) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa. Onye otu African National Congress, a họpụtara ya na National Assembly na 2008. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye omeiwu zuru oke na ntuli aka 2009. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ ruo na ntuli aka 2014 mgbe ọ tụfuru oche ya. Tongwane laghachiri na nzuko omeiwu izu ole na ole ka e mesịrị, na-ejupụta oche nke onye bụbu onye isi okwu Max Sisulu. Ọ tụfuru oche ya ọzọ na ntuli aka 2019, naanị ka a họpụta ya ka ọ laghachi na nzuko omeiwu izu ole na ole ka e mesịrị.

Tongwane nwụrụ na 19 Mee 2021.

## Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga
Tongwane tolitere n'ezinụlọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya malitere na 1980s mgbe ọ sonyeere United Democratic Front na mgbe e mesịrị African National Congress.

## Ọrụ omeiwu
Tongwane sonyeere National Assembly na 2008 tupu ntuli aka nke afọ 2009. A họpụtara ya maka oge zuru ezu na ntuli aka ahụ, n'agbanyeghị na ANC enweghị nkwado. A họpụtara ya ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na kọmitii na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara ụlọ na ụlọ ọrụ mmadụ.  Tongwane bụ onye na-ahụ maka ndị otu ANC maka ụlọ ọrụ ndị otu Kathu maka Nzukọ nke anọ (2009 ruo 2014).

Ọ guzoro maka nhọpụta ọzọ na ntuli aka nke May 7, 2014 dị ka onye nke 124 na ndepụta mba nke ANC nke ndị omeiwu maka National Assembly. A họpụtaghi ya ọzọ na National Assembly n'ihi ọdịda ntuli aka nke ANC. Na 29 Mee 2014, onye bụbu onye isi okwu Max Sisulu gbara arụkwaghịm n'oche ya na mgbakọ ahụ. ANC họọrọ Tongwane ka ọ mejupụta oche ya dịka ọ nọ na-esote na ndepụta ahụ ma ṅụọ iyi na 30 Mee. E kenyere Tongwane na kọmitii ọrụ ugbo, ọhịa na ịkụ azụ na ọrụ.

Tongwane guzoro maka oge ọzọ na nzuko omeiwu na ntuli aka nke Mee 8, 2019, ebe etinyela ya n'ọnọdụ nke 116 na ndepụta mba ANC. Ọzọkwa, a họpụtaghi ya ọzọ na National Assembly n'ihi nkwado ANC na-ebelata ọbụna karịa na ntuli aka. Onye bụbu minista na-ahụ maka mmepe ọha na eze Susan Shabangu gbara arụkwaghịm dị ka onye otu National Assembly mgbe a họpụtaghachighị ya na kansụl. ANC họọrọ Tongwane ka ọ nọrọ n'oche ya ma ṅụọ iyi na 10 June 2019. N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Juun, a kpọrọ Tongwane aha na Kọmitii Portfolio na gburugburu ebe obibi, ọhịa na azụ. Tongwane bụ Backbencher n'oge oge atọ ọ nọrọ na omeiwu.

## Ọnwụ
Tongwane nwụrụ site na COVID-19 na 19 Mee 2021, mgbe ọ dị afọ 65.

## Ebensidee
W

W, ma ọ bụ w, bụ mkpụrụedemede iri abụọ na atọ na nke anọ ruo ikpeazụ nke mkpụrụedemede Bekee ọgbara ọhụrụ na ISO isi mkpụrụedemede Latịn.  Ọ na-anọchi anya ụdaume, ma n'asụsụ ụfọdụ ọ na-anọchi anya ụdaume.  Aha ya na bekee bụ double-u,[na 1] plural double-ues.[1][2]
Wayback Machine

Igwe Wayback bụ ebe nchekwa dijitalụ nke World Wide Web hiwere site na Internet Archive, ụlọ ọrụ anaghị akwụ ụgwọ dabere na San Francisco, California.  Emepụtara na 1996 wee malite ọha na eze na 2001, ọ na-enye onye ọrụ ohere ịlaghachi azụ n'oge wee hụ ka webụsaịtị siri dị n'oge gara aga.  Ndị guzobere ya, Brewster Kahle na Bruce Gilliat, mepụtara igwe Wayback iji nye "nnweta zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ihe ọmụma niile" site na ichekwa akwụkwọ nke ibe weebụ akwụrụ ụgwọ.[1]
X

X, ma ọ bụ x, bụ mkpụrụedemede iri abụọ na anọ na nke atọ ruo ikpeazụ n'ime mkpụrụedemede Bekee ọgbara ọhụrụ yana mkpụrụedemede Latin ISO isi.  Aha ya n'asụsụ bekee bụ "ex" (akpọrọ /ˈɛk, ọtụtụ exes.[1]  A na-akpọ X mgbe niile ka "ks".￼
XXXTentacion

thumb|XXXTentacion
 

**Jahseh Dwayne Ricardo Onfroy (Jenụwarị 23, 1998 - June 18, 2018), onye amara aha ya dị ka XXXTentacion (nke a na-akpọkarị XXXTENTACION) na nke a nxxxv**

**a-akpọkarị X, [lower-alpha 3] bụ onye America na-agụ egwú, onye na-agụ egwú na onye na-ede abụ. [1]  Ọ bụ ezie na onye na-ese okwu n'ihi nsogbu gbasara iwu ọha na eze, XXXTentacion nwetara òtù nzuzo na-eso n'etiti ndị na-eto eto ya n'oge obere ọrụ ya na ịda mbà n'obi- na egwu nkewapụ.  Ndị nkatọ na ndị na-akwado ya na-etokarị ya maka ụdị egwu ya dị iche iche, yana egwu ya na-enyocha emo, drill, trap, lo-fi, indie rock, nu metal, hip hop, R&B, na rock rock.  A na-ewere ya dị ka onye isi na emo rap na ụdị ụda ụda SoundCloud bụ nke dọtara nlebara anya nke ọma n'oge etiti-na-ọgwụgwụ afọ 2010, [2] na ọ bụ emo rapper kacha ere oge niile.[3]**

Òtù:Articles with hCards
Òtù:Short description is different from Wikidata
Òtù:Articles with short description
Xbox One

thumb|Xbox One
Xbox One bụ ihe njikwa egwuregwu vidiyo ụlọ nke Microsoft mepụtara.  Ekwuputara na Mee 2013, ọ bụ onye ga-anọchi Xbox 360 na console base nke atọ na usoro egwuregwu vidiyo Xbox.  A tọhapụrụ ya nke mbụ na North America, akụkụ nke Europe, Australia, na South America na November 2013 na na Japan, China, na mba ndị ọzọ dị na Europe na September 2014. Ọ bụ egwuregwu egwuregwu Xbox mbụ ka a tọhapụrụ na China, kpọmkwem na mba Europe.  Mpaghara Azụmahịa efu Shanghai.  Microsoft rere ngwaọrụ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ "usoro ntụrụndụ niile n'ime otu", ya mere aha ya bụ "Xbox One".[1][2]  Ihe njikwa ọgbọ nke asatọ, ọ na-asọ mpi megide PlayStation 4 nke Sony na Nintendo's Wii U na emesịa mgbanaka.N'ịpụ na ụlọ ọrụ PowerPC nke onye bu ya ụzọ, Xbox One na-egosi mgbanwe laghachi na ụlọ x86 eji na Xbox mbụ; ọ na-egosipụta AMD Accelerated Processing Unit (APU) nke e wuru gburugburu usoro ntụziaka x86-64. E mezigharịrị onye nchịkwa Xbox One na Xbox 360, yana ahụ a mezigharịa, D-pad, na ihe na-akpali akpali nwere ike ịnye nzaghachi haptic. Egwuregwu ahụ na-ekwusi ike na kọmpụta igwe ojii, yana atụmatụ netwọk mmekọrịta na ikike idekọ ma kesaa vidiyo ma ọ bụ screenshots site na egwuregwu ma ọ bụ livestream ozugbo na ọrụ na-asọ asọ dị ka Mixer na Twitch. A pụkwara igwu egwuregwu na-abụghị console site na netwọk mpaghara na ngwaọrụ Windows 10 na-akwado. Egwuregwu ahụ nwere ike igwu Blu-ray Disc, ma kpuchie mmemme telivishọn dị ndụ site na igbe set-top dị ugbu a ma ọ bụ onye na-agbanye dijitalụ maka telivisheneng dijitalụ na nduzi mmemme ka mma. Ihe njikwa ahụ gụnyere ihe mmetụta Kinect e mepụtara ọhụrụ, nke a na-ere dị ka "Kinect 2.0", na-enye nyocha mmegharị na njirimara olu ka mma.
YouTube

thumb|YouTube full-color icon (2017).svg
**YouTube** bụ nkekọrịta vidiyo n'ịntanetị nke America na usoro mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta nke nwere isi na San Bruno, California. Ọ malitere na Febụwarị 14, 2005, site n'aka Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, na Jawed Karim. Ọ bụ Google nwe ya, ọ bụkwa ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke abụọ a na-eleta, mgbe Google Search gasịrị. YouTube nwere ihe karịrị ijeri 2.5 ndị ọrụ kwa ọnwa na-ele ihe karịrị otu ijeri awa vidiyo kwa ụbọchị.  2019[update], a na-ebugo vidiyo na ọnụego nke ihe karịrị awa 500 nke ọdịnaya kwa nkeji.YouTube enweela mmetụta mmekọrịta ọha na eze na-enwetụbeghị ụdị ya, na-emetụta omenala ndị a ma ama, usoro ịntanetị, na ịmepụta ndị ama ama multimillionaire.  N'agbanyeghị uto na ihe ịga nke ọma ya, YouTube katọrọ ọtụtụ ebe.  Nkatọ YouTube gụnyere webụsaịtị a na-eji mee ka mgbasa ozi na-ezighi ezi, okwu nwebisiinka, imebi nzuzo nke ndị ọrụ ya, na-eme ka nyocha, na itinye nchekwa na ọdịmma ụmụaka n'ihe egwu.

## Manazarta

Òtù:Intanet
Yale University

thumb|Yale University
**Mahadum Yale** bụ mahadum nyocha Ivy League nke onwe ya na New Haven, Connecticut. E hiwere ya na 1701 dị ka Collegiate School, ọ bụ **ụlọ akwụkwọ** nke atọ kachasị ochie nke agụmakwụkwọ dị elu na United States na n'etiti ndị kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa.

A haziri Yale n'ime ụlọ akwụkwọ mejupụtara iri na anọ: kọleji mbụ na-agụghị akwụkwọ, Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences na ụlọ akwụkwọ ọkachamara iri na abụọ.  Ọ bụ ezie na mahadum Yale Corporation na-achịkwa mahadum, ngalaba ụlọ akwụkwọ ọ bụla na-ahụ maka usoro ọmụmụ na mmemme nzere ya.  Na mgbakwunye na ogige ụlọ akwụkwọ etiti dị na ogbe ndịda New Haven, mahadum ahụ nwere akụrụngwa egwuregwu na ọdịda anyanwụ New Haven, ogige ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na West Haven, yana oke ọhịa na ihe okike na-echekwa New England niile.  Dị ka nke 2021, a na-eji onyinye mahadum ahụ kpọrọ ihe na ijeri $ 42.3, nke abụọ kachasị na ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ ọ bụla.[1]  Ọbá akwụkwọ mahadum Yale, na-eje ozi ụlọ akwụkwọ niile mejupụtara, nwere ihe karịrị nde 15 ma bụrụ ọba akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ nke atọ kachasị na United States.[2][3]  Ụmụ akwụkwọ na-asọ mpi n'egwuregwu intercollegiate dị ka Yale Bulldogs na NCAA Division I - Ivy League..
Oyinlomo Quadre

**Barakat Oyinlomo Quadre** (amụrụ n'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Mee n'afọ 2003) bụ onye Naijiria na-egwu tenis. Ọ bụ onye Naijiria kachasị elu ugbu a na WTA ụmụ nwanyị otu. , ọ bụ onye mbụ na Naijiria, nke 9 na Africa na 945 n'ụwa na ụmụ nwanyị na-alụbeghị di.

Quadre nọchitere anya Naijiria na Billie Jean King Cup, na-eme nke mbụ ya na 2021.

Quadre malite ịgba tenis mgbe ọ dị afọ 4. Dị ka onye na-eto eto, ọ nọ n'ọkwa 173 na 17 Juunu 2019. Na 2015 ITF / CAT Junior Championship na Morocco, Quadre guzobere onwe ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu tennis kachasị mma n'Africa, ma nweta agụmakwụkwọ na High Performance Center na Morocco. Na 2016 ITF U-18 Championship, Quadre mere nkeji iri na ise nke ikpeazụ. N'afọ 2017, meriri Chakira Dermane nke Togo 6-0, 6-0 iji setịpụ esemokwu ikpeazụ na Sophia Biolay nke France. Na mba, a họpụtara ya ka ọ nọchite anya Naijiria na 2016 Africa Junior Tennis Championship. O meriri ITF / CAT U-16 Championship na Togo.

Na 2018 Lagos Open, Quadre meriri Airhunmwunde, 6-1, 6-0 iji ruo eru maka agba nke abụọ. N'egwuregwu ya ọzọ, Anna Sisková meriri ya wee pụọ n' asọmpi ahụ.

## Egwuregwu ITF

### Abụọ

### Ndị na-alụbeghị di ma ọ bụ nwunye

### Abụọ (66)


Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Yu-Gi-Oh!

Yu-Gi-Oh!  (Japanese: 遊☆戯☆王, Hepburn: Yū-Gi-Ō!, lit. "Egwuregwu Egwuregwu") bụ usoro manga Japanese nke Kazuki Takahashi dere ma gosipụta ya.  Edebere ya n'usoro n'akwụkwọ akụkọ Shueisha's Weekly Shonen Jump n'etiti Septemba 1996 na Maachị 2004. Atụmatụ ahụ gbasoro akụkọ otu nwata nwoke aha ya bụ Yugi Mutou, bụ onye na-edozi ihe mgbagwoju anya nke Millennium oge ochie.  Yugi na-akpọte alter-ego ma ọ bụ mmụọ ịgba chaa chaa n'ime ahụ ya nke na-eji egwuregwu dị iche iche edozi esemokwu ya
Z

Z, ma ọ bụ z, bụ mkpụrụedemede 26 na nke ikpeazụ nke mkpụrụedemede Bekee ọgbara ọhụrụ yana mkpụrụedemede Latin ISO.  Aha ọ na-emebu na bekee bụ zed (/ ˈzɛd/) na zee (/ˈziː/), nwere ụdị izzard mgbe ụfọdụ (/ ˈɪzərd/).[1]  A na-ejikwa ya na Icelandic tupu e jiri mkpụrụedemede S dochie ya.￼
Zen

thumb|Zen
  Japanese 禅, romanized: zen;  Korean: 선, romanized: Seon;  Vietnamese: Thiền) bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ Mahayana Buddhism sitere na China n'oge usoro ndị eze Tang, nke a maara dị ka ụlọ akwụkwọ Chan (Chánzong 禪宗), ma mesịa ghọọ ụlọ akwụkwọ na ngalaba dị iche iche.  Site na China, Chán gbasaa na ndịda ruo Vietnam wee ghọọ Vietnamese Thiền, n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ ruo Korea ka ọ ghọọ Seon Buddhism, na ọwụwa anyanwụ ruo Japan, ghọọ Zen Japanese.[1]￼
Y

Y, ma ọ bụ y, bụ mkpụrụedemede iri abụọ na ise na penultimate nke ISO isi mkpụrụedemede Latin na nke isii (ma ọ bụ nke asaa ma ọ bụrụ gụnyere W) mkpụrụedemede ụdaume[1] nke mkpụrụedemede Bekee ọgbara ọhụrụ.  N'usoro ederede bekee, ọ na-anọchi anya ụdaume na ọ na-adịkebekebe consonant, na n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ ọ nwere ike ịnọchite anya ụdaume ma ọ bụ consonant.  Aha ya na bekee bụ wye[2] (akpọrọ /ˈwaɪ/), ọtụtụ wyes.[3]N'asụsụ Latin, a kpọrọ Y *I graeca* ("Grik I"), ebe ọ bụ na ụda Grik oge ochie //, nke yiri German *ü* ma ọ bụ French *u* nke oge a, abụghị ụda ala maka ndị na-asụ Latin, a na-ejikwa mkpụrụedemede ahụ mee ihe na mbụ iji dee okwu mba ọzọ. Akụkọ ihe mere eme a eme emeela ka aha ndị a na-akpọ mkpụrụedemede n'asụsụ Romance bụ: i grego na Galician, *i* grec na Catalan, i grec n'asụsụ French na Romanian, i greca na Italian pụtara "Grik I". Aha *igrek* na Polish na i g color-rét *na* Vietnamese bụ ma phonetic borrowings nke aha French. N'asụsụ Dutch, a na-ahụ akwụkwọ ozi ahụ naanị n'okwu ndị a gbazitere, ma ọ bụ na ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu ihe na digraph IJ. *N'ihi ya*, a na-eji ma ọ bụ *I-Grik*, yana *ypsilon*. N'asụsụ Spanish, a na-akpọkwa Y i griega; Otú ọ dị, na narị afọ nke iri abụọ, a tụpụtara aha dị mkpirikpi gị ma kweta ya dị ka aha ya *na* 2010 site na Real Academia Española, ọ bụ ezie na a ka nabatara aha mbụ ya.
Year

Otu afọ ma ọ bụ annus bụ oge orbital nke aru mbara ụwa, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụwa, na-agagharị na orbit ya na gburugburu anyanwụ.  N'ihi ntugharị axial nke ụwa, usoro nke otu afọ na-ahụ na-agafe oge, akara mgbanwe ihu igwe, awa nke ìhè ehihie, na, n'ihi ya, ahịhịa na ala ọmụmụ.  Na mpaghara ihu igwe na nke subpolar gburugburu ụwa, a na-amata oge anọ: mmiri, ọkọchị, ụbịa na oyi.  N'ebe okpomọkụ na mpaghara ebe okpomọkụ, ọtụtụ mpaghara mpaghara anaghị ewepụta oge akọwapụtara;  ma n'oge okpomọkụ nke oge, a na-amata ma na-agbaso oge mmiri mmiri na ọkọchị kwa afọ.￼
Zodiac Killer

The Zodiac Killer[n 2] bụ pseudonym nke onye na-amaghị usoro ogbugbu [1] onye rụrụ na Northern California na njedebe 1960. [n 1] A kọwawo ikpe ahụ dị ka ikpe igbu ọchụ na-enweghị isi na akụkọ ihe mere eme America, [2]  ] na-aghọ ihe ndabere nke omenala na-ewu ewu na-akpali akpali ndị nchọpụta na-amu amu nwaa idozi ya.
Asụsụ Ngbandi

**Asụsụ Ngbandi** bụ asụsụ na-aga n'ihu nke ezinụlọ Ubangian nke ọkara nde mmadụ na-asụ na Democratic Republiki of Kongo (Ngbandi n'onwe ya) na Central Afrikan Republiki (Yakoma na ndị ọzọ). Ọ bụ ndị Ngbandi na-asụ ya, nke gụnyere onye ọchịchị aka ike nke a maara dị ka Zaire n'oge ahụ, Mobutu Sese Seko.

## Ụdị dị iche iche
Mpaghara ugwu Ngbandi bụ isi okwu nke asụsụ azụmahịa **Sango**, nke nwere ọtụtụ ndị na-asụ ya dị ka Ngbandi na nke ọtụtụ nde ndị ọzọ na CAR nke na asụ ya dị ka asụsụ nke abụọ.

Enwere ike ịsụ asụsụ Ngbandi dịgasị iche iche n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, n'obodo nta DRC nke Kazibati na Mongoba dị nso na Uganda, ruo na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ (20), mana ejighị nka n'aka.

Yakoma, nke nwere ọnọdụ dị n'etiti Osimiri Ubangi nke kewara CAR na DRC, nwere ogo nghọta dị elu na ụdị Ngbandi ndị ọzọ niile, ọ bụ ezie na dị ka ọ dị na asụsụ ọ bụla, ọ naghị agbaso na ụdị ndị ọzọ dị anya na-aghọta ibe ha dịka ha na **Yakoma**.

**Gbayi** ma ọ bụ **Kpatiri** bụ asụsụ Ngbandic dị iche iche. O yikarịrị ka ndị na-asụbu asụsụ Zande nabatara Gbayi. Nzakara, a na asụ asụsụ Zande, na-akụkụ Gbayi. Ikekwe ọ bụghị na mberede, Kpatili bụkwa aha asụsụ Zande na- enweghị isi nke enweghị data asụsụ maka ya bụ asụsụ.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
Phonology nwere ihe ndị a:

### Mkpụrụ okwu

* Ụda /l/ na /r/ na-agbanwe ibe ha.

## Ihe odide
Asụsụ Nzakara

**Nzakara** (Ansakara, Sakara, Zakara) bụ asụsụ Zande a na-asụ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Central Afrikan Republiki, na-agbasa na Democratic Republiki of the Kongo . O nwere ike ịbụ ihe a na-aghọta na Zande n'onwe ya, ọ dịkarịa ala maka ụfọdụ ndị na-asụ ya.

## Ihe odide
Dipuo Peters

**Elizabeth Dipuo Peters** (Amụrụ na 13 Mee 1960 na Kimberley, Northern Cape) bụ Minista nke Transport nke Republic of South Africa site n'ụbọchị 10 Julaị 2013 ruo ụbọchị 30 Machị 2017, na nchịkwa Zuma, na onye bụbu Minista nke Energy site n'afọ 2009 ruo afọ 2013 ebe ọ jere ozi dị ka onye nọchiri Manne Dipico dị ka onye isi ala nke abụọ nke Northern Cape Province, 22 Eprel 2004 ruo ụbọchị 10 Mee 2009. Onye otu African National Congress (ANC), ọ na-eje ozi na Women's League National Executive Committee. Dipuo Peters gbara arụkwaghịm dị ka onye otu ndị omeiwu maka African National Congress n'ọnwa Eprel 2017.

Peters gara ụlọ akwụkwọ na Tidimalo Junior Secondary na Tshireleco Senior Secondary na Kimberley. Afọ ole na ole mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ debanyere aha maka nzere Bachelor of Arts na Social Work na Mahadum nke North (1987). O mechara gụọ akwụkwọ maka asambodo na mmepe na iwu ọha na eze na Mahadum nke Western Cape (1996); asambodo na Executive Management na Mahadim nke Cape Town Graduate School of Business (2002); na asambodo na International Policy Management, site na Havana, Cuba (2002).

Dipuo Peters sonyeere Young Christian Students, ebe ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya malitere. O sonyere na Youth Formations na ụka na obodo. 
Ọ bụ osote onye isi oche nke Women's Forum na AZASO nke mechara bụrụ SASCO na Mahadum nke North. 
Na Kimberley ọ bụ onye otu Galeshewe Youth Congress, onye mmekọ nke United Democratic Front (UDF). Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ahazi mpaghara afọ ofufo maka South African Domestic Worker's Union, na-anakọta, na-ahazikwa, na-akụziri ma na-adụ ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọdụ na Northern Cape (1987).

## Ebenside

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:1960 births
Naledi Pandor

thumb|Naledi Pandor
**Grace Naledi Mandisa Pandor** (née **Matthews**; Amụrụ n'ụbọchị 7 Disemba 1953) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa, onye nkuzi na agụmakwụkwọ na-eje ozi dị ka Minista nke Mmekọrịta na Imekọ ihe ọnụ kemgbe afọ 2019. Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka onye omeiwu (MP) maka African National Congress (ANC) kemgbe afọ 1994.

A mụrụ ya na Durban, Pandor gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Botswana. Ọ ruru eru dị ka onye nkuzi ma kụzie na ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ na mahadum, ebe ọ nwetara nzere dị iche iche site na mahadum dị iche iche. Pandor malitere ọrụ dị ka onye omeiwu n'afọ 1994. N'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ ghọrọ osote onye isi nke ANC caucus n'afọ 1995. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ osote onye isi oche nke National Council of Provinces n'afọ 1998 wee bụrụ onye isi oche n'afọ 1999.

O bu ụzọ bụrụ onye otu kansụl mba n'afọ 2004, na-esote mkpebi Onye isi ala Thabo Mbeki ịhọpụta ya dị ka Minista nke Mmụta. Ọ nọgidere n'ọkwa ya na kọmitii nke Kgalema Motlanthe. Onye isi ala a họpụtara ọhụrụ bụ Jacob Zuma họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Minista sayensị na teknụzụ n'afọ 2009. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ọkwa ahụ ruo mgbe a họpụtara ya dị ka Minista na-ahụ maka ihe ndị dị n'ime obodo n'afọ 2012. Ọ laghachiri n'ọkwa Minista nke Sayensị na Teknụzụ n'afọ 2014 wee nwee ya ruo afọ 2018, mgbe ọ ghọrọ Minista nke agụmakwụkwọ na ọzụzụ dị elu na kọmitii mbụ nke Onye isi ala Cyril Ramaphosa. Mgbe ntuli aka nke afọ 2019 gasịrị, a kpọtụrụ Pandor aha dị ka onye nwere ike ịzọ ọkwa osote onye isi ala nke South Africa. Kama nke ahụ, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Mịnịsta na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mba ụwa na imekọ ihe ọnụ.

A mụrụ Grace Naledi Mandisa Matthews n'ụbọchị 7 Disemba 1953 na Durban, Natal, na Regina Thelma (nwụrụ n'afọ 2002) na Joe Matthews (1929), onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye na-emegide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na nwa nke agụmakwụkwọ Z. K. Matthews (1901 1910-1968). Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ praịmarị na sekọndrị na Botswana. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Gaborone Secondary School. N'agbata afọ 1973 ruo afọ 1977, ọ nwetara asambodo maka agụmakwụkwọ na-aga n'ihu na nzere bachelọ na Mahadum Swaziland na Mahadim Botswana, n'otu n'otu. Ọ gara n'ihu na-aga mba ofesi ma nweta diplọma na agụmakwụkwọ na nzere MA na Mahadum London n'etiti afọ 1978 ruo afọ 1979.

Pandor nwetara diplọma na agụmakwụkwọ ka elu, nchịkwa na idu ndú site na Bryn Mawr Summer Programme n'afọ 1992, n'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ debanyere aha na Harvard Kennedy School iji nweta diplọma na idu ndọkwa na mmepe n'afọ 1997. O nwetakwara nzere MA na asụsụ na Mahadum Stellenbosch n'otu afọ ahụ. Pandor nwetara Ph.D. ya na agụmakwụkwọ na Mahadum Pretoria n'afọ 1019, na thesis akpọrọ "Ihe a na-asọ mpi nke mgbanwe na agụmakmakwụkwọ ka elu na South Africa mgbe ịkpa ókè agbụrụ gasịrị".

## Ebenside

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Mildred Oliphant

thumb|Mildred Oliphant
**Nelisiwe Mildred Oliphant** bụ Minista Ọrụ nke South Africa site n'ọnwa Oktober 2010 ruo n'ọnwa Mee 2019.

## Ebenside

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Faith Muthambi

**Azwihangwisi** Faith Muthambi bụ onye bụbu Minista na-ahụ maka ọrụ ọha na eze na nchịkwa na onye bụbu Mịnịsta na-ahụ Maka nkwukọrịta nke South Africa.

Muthambi nwere ọtụtụ ọkwa tupu nhọpụta ya na kansụl onye isi ala Jacob Zuma n'afọ 2014:

* Onye otu na onye na-eme ihe ike nke SANSCO (1989 ruo 1990);
* Tshimbupfe Odeakwụkwọ alaka nke ANC Youth League (1991 ruo 1992);
* Onye otu Kọmitii Nchịkwa nke alaka Tshimbupfe ANC (1992-1993);
* Osote odeakwụkwọ nke mpaghara Vuwani (1993-1999);
* Onye otu Kọmitii Nchịkwa mpaghara nke Vhembe ANC Youth League (2003-2005);
* Onye na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba nke ANC Youth League na Limpopo (2005-2008);
* Onye otu Kọmitii Nchịkwa nke mpaghara nke alaka ANC Women's League na Limpopo (2008-ruo ugbu a);
* Onye isi mpaghara nke mpaghara ANC Vhembe (2006-ruo ugbu a);
* Onye otu National Assembly na Pan African Parliament (April 2009 ː Ugbu a); na
* ANC Whip na Kọmitii Nkwurịta Okwu.

Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị omeiwu asaa nke ANC a họpụtara maka kọmitii ad hoc iji tụlee ntinye nke Onye isi ala Jacob Zuma na akụkọ nchebe ọha na eze banyere ebe obibi Nkandla ya.

Muthambi nwere B Proc site na Mahadum Venda (1993 ruo 1996), na asambodo na nzere ndị ọzọ dị iche iche site na UPTA, Wits Business School na UNIVEN.

Otu kọmitii ndị omeiwu pụrụ iche chọpụtara na Muthambi "enweghị ikike" na ikpe nke iduhie ndị omeiwu, nke bụ mpụ. O gakwaghị nzukọ ebe ọ ga-akọwa R300,000 ọ na-emefu na ụgwọ njem maka ndị enyi na ndị ezinụlọ iji kirie ya ka ọ na-ekwu okwu. Ọ gakwala nzukọ iji kọwaa ndị ọrụ ya 27 (ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ụmụ ndị enyi ya), mgbe akwụkwọ ntuziaka ndị minista na-egbochi ọnụ ọgụgụ a ruo 10.

N'ihi nchọpụta nke onye nche ọha na eze banyere iji ike eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi, aghụghọ na nchịkwa na-ezughị oke megide Hlaudi Motsoeneng, Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Western Cape kwubiri na Muthambi mere ihe na-enweghị isi na n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị site n'ịhọpụta Motsoeneng dị ka Chief Operating Officer nke SABC.

## Ebenside

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Angie Motshekga

**Matsie Angelina "Angie" Motshekga** (Amụrụ na 19 June 1955) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye nkuzi South Africa na-eje ozi dị ka Minista nke Mmụta Isi kemgbe Mee 2009. A họpụtakwara ya dị ka onye isi oche nke Republic of South Africa n'afọ 2 Julaị 2021, dịka Onye isi ala Cyril Ramaphosa gara olili ozu Kenneth Kaunda na Zambia. Ọ bụbu onye otu Executive Council na gọọmentị mpaghara Gauteng. Motshekga bụ onye otu African National Congress . Ọ bụbu onye isi oche nke otu ụmụ nwanyị nke pati ahụ.

A mụrụ Motshekga n'ụbọchị 19 June 1955 na Soweto, Transvaal Province. Ọ natara agụmakwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ dị iche iche na Soweto. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ obibi na Matatiele. Motshekga gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum nke North, ebe ọ nwetara nzere Bachelor of Arts na Education. Site na Mahadum nke Witwatersrand, Motshekga nwetara nzere Bachelor of Educational Science na nzere masta.

N'afọ 1981, Motshekga were ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi na Orlando High School. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ ruo n'afọ 1983, mgbe ọ gbara arụkwaghịm mgbe a họpụtara ya dị ka onye nkuzi na Soweto College of Education . Motshekga ghọrọ onye nkuzi na Mahadum nke Witwatersrand n'afọ 1985. Ọ kụziri ihe na mahadum ruo n'afọ 1994.

N'ime afọ 1980, Motshekga bụ onye otu Soweto Education Crisis Committee nke mechara bụrụ akụkụ nke National Education Coordinating Committee. Ọ bụ onye otu United Democratic Front. Ọ bụkwa onye otu National Education Union nke South Africa. Motshekga na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Pimville Civic Association.

## Ebenside

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Barbara Creecy

**Barbara Dallas Creecy** (Amụrụ n'ụbọchị 17 June 1958) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa na onye na-emegide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. Onye otu African National Congress, ọ na-eje ozi ugbu a dị ka Minista nke Gburugburu Ebe Obibi, Ọhịa na Azụmaahịa, yana dịka onye otu National Assembly nke South Africa. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye otu Gauteng Provincial Legislature, ebe a họpụtara ya na 1994. N'afọ 2004, a kpọrọ ya Gauteng MEC maka Egwuregwu, Ntụrụndụ, Nkà na Ọdịbendị. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ ruo afọ 2009 mgbe a họpụtara ya MEC maka agụmakwụkwọ. Onye isi ala a họpụtara ọhụrụ bụ David Makhura kpọgara Creecy na Gauteng Finance portfolio n'afọ 2014.

N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2019, a ṅụrụ Creecy iyi dị ka onye omeiwu. N'ụbọchị 29 Mee 2019, Onye isi ala Cyril Ramaphosa họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Minista ọhụrụ nke gburugburu ebe obibi, ọhịa na azụ.

## Ebenside

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Thoko Didiza

**Angela Thoko Didiza** (Amụrụ n'ụbọchị 2 June 1965) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa na-eje ozi ugbu a dị ka Minista nke Ọrụ Ugbo, Mgbanwe Ala na Mmepe Ime Obodo. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Minista nke Ọrụ Ugbo na Ala site n'ụbọchị 17 June 1999 ruo 22 May 2006 ma mesịa bụrụ Minista nke ọrụ ọha site n'ụbọchị 22 May 2006 ruo 25 September 2008.

A mụrụ Didiza n'obodo Durban ma nwee nzere BA (Hons) na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ọ lụrụ nwanyị ma nwee ụmụ ise.

Mgbe onye isi ala Thabo Mbeki gbara arụkwaghịm n'ọnwa Septemba 2008, Didiza bụ otu n'ime ndị minista iri gbara arụkwapụ n'ụbọchị 23 Septemba, ọ bụ ezie na e mechara mara ọkwa na ọ nwere ike ịdị njikere ịnọgide n'ọkwa ya.

## Ebenside

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Climate endgame

link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Cascading_global_climate_failure.jpg/220px-Cascading_global_climate_failure.jpg|thumb|Ihe osise nke ihe kpatara ya nke ọdịda ihu igwe zuru ụwa ọnụ
Ọnọdụ ihu igwe bụ aha ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nyere echiche nke ọdịda ọha na eze zuru ụwa ọnụ n'ihi mmetụta nke mgbanwe ihu igwe. A na-ewere ezigbo ohere nke ime ihe dị obere, mana ndị nchọpụta ndị dọrọ aka ná ntị nke ukwuu banyere ihe ize ndụ a n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2022 na-achọ imeziwanye njikwa ihe ize ndụ site na itinye ihe kachasị mkpa na ọnọdụ kachasị njọ, iji "kwalite ọrụ, melite ume, ma mee ka iwu mara". Ndị ọkachamara a bụ ndị Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, ụlọ ọrụ nyocha na Mahadum Cambridge.

Nkwada ahụ ga-abịa site na ọtụtụ ihe ndị metụtara ibe ha dịka ụnwụ nri (mfu ihe ọkụkụ, ụkọ mmiri ozuzo), ihu igwe siri ike (oké ifufe, idei mmiri), agha (nke ihe onwunwe dị ụkọ kpatara) na esemokwu, ihe ize ndụ usoro (nke metụtara ịkwaga, ụnwụ, ma ọ bụ esemokwu), na ọrịa.

link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Overlap_between_state_fragility%2C_extreme_heat%2C_and_nuclear_and_biological_catastrophic_hazards.jpg/220px-Overlap_between_state_fragility%2C_extreme_heat%2C_and_nuclear_and_biological_catastrophic_hazards.jpg|thumb|Njikọ n'etiti adịghị ike nke steeti, oke okpomọkụ, na ihe ize ndụ ọdachi nuklia na nke ihe ndị dị ndụ
link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Overlap_between_future_population_distribution_and_extreme_heat.jpg/220px-Overlap_between_future_population_distribution_and_extreme_heat.jpg|thumb|Nchịkọta n'etiti nkesa ọnụ ọgụgụ n'ọdịnihu na oke okpomọkụ
Ndị otu ndị ọkachamara mba ụwa nke Mahadum Cambridge na-eduzi na-adọkwa aka ná ntị banyere isi ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe: obere ịrị elu nke okpomọkụ ụwa nke na-akpata nnukwu mgbanwe na ihu igwe. Ihe ndị a nwere ike ịkpali ndị ọzọ na cascade (mmetụta dominino), n'ụzọ na-abụghị ahịrị, nke na-eme ka mmetụta ha sie ike ịtụle. Nsonaazụ a na-atụghị anya ya (mmetụta knock-on) nwekwara ike ịpụta. E bipụtara nchọpụta ndị a na akwụkwọ akụkọ Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences .

Nnyocha ahụ chọpụtara na ihe ize ndụ ahụ bụ isiokwu zuru ụwa ọnụ "nke a na-amaghị nke ọma", n'agbanyeghị na "nnyocha ọdachi jikọtara ọnụ" efuola.

Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ndị ọzọ dọrọ aka na ntị n'oge gara aga banyere echiche a, mana ọ nwere ike ịchọta obere nzaghachi. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nyocha nke ise nke Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Eprel 2021), ma ọ bụ n'akwụkwọ John van der Velden na Rob White dere The Extinction Curve (Jenụwarị 2021). A na-akpọ echiche a apocalypse ihu igwe n'oge gara aga.

## Hụkwa

* Mbelata mgbanwe ihu igwe
* Nsogbu ihu igwe
* Nkwupụta mberede ihu igwe
* Nchegbu gburugburu ebe obibi
* Ihe ize ndụ nke ọdachi zuru ụwa ọnụ
* Solastalgia

## Ebensidee
Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma

**Nkosazana Clarice Dlamini-Zuma** (née Dlamini; Amụrụ na 27 Jenụwarị 1949), mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ ya **NDZ**, bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa, dọkịta na onye bụbu onye na-emegide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. Onye otu African National Congress (ANC) ogologo oge, ọ na-eje ozi ugbu a dị ka Minista nke Gọọmentị Nkwado na Ihe Omenala ma bụrụ Chancellor nke Mahadum Limpopo.

A mụrụ Dlamini-Zuma ma gụọ akwụkwọ na mpaghara Natal, ebe, dị ka nwa akwụkwọ, ọ banyere na Black Consciousness Movement site na South African Students' Organisation. N'agbata afọ 1976 na afọ 1990, ọ biri na mba ọzọ na mpụga South Africa, ọkachasị na United Kingdom na Swaziland, ebe ọ na-arụ ọrụ ahụike ma na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ANC. Kemgbe afọ 1994, Dlamini-Zuma jere ozi na kọmitii nke onye isi ala South Africa ọ bụla na-esote ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. Ọ bụ Minista nke Ahụike n'okpuru Onye isi ala Nelson Mandela, na Minista nke Mmekọrịta Mba Ọzọ ruo afọ iri n'okpuru ndị isi ala Thabo Mbeki na Onye isi ala Kgalema Motlanthe. N'oge nke mbụ nke Onye isi ala Jacob Zuma, ọ bụ Minista na-ahụ maka ihe ndị dị n'ime ụlọ, nke a na-ekwu na ọ na-agbanwe ngalaba na-adịghị arụ ọrụ. 

N'okpuru Onye isi ala Cyril Ramaphosa, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Minista na Presidency maka atụmatụ, nlekota na nyocha, na-ahụ maka National Planning Commission, tupu ọ banye n'ọkwa ya ugbu a, ebe o nwere ọrụ a ma ama na esemokwu n'ịchịkwa mkpọchi South Africa n'oge ọrịa COVID-19. Ọ nọghị na gọọmentị South Africa n'etiti n'ọnwa Ọktọba 2012 ruo n'ọnwa Jenụwarị 2017, mgbe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Onye isi oche nke African Union Commission, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nwanyị mbụ na-eduzi ma ọ bụ nzukọ ahụ ma ọ bụ onye bu ya ụzọ, Organisation of African Unity. Oge ọ nọrọ n'ọkwa ahụ bụkwa ihe arụmụka. 

Ọ bụ onye otu National Executive Committee nke ANC kemgbe mmalite afọ 1990, ọ mekwara mkpọsa ugboro abụọ na-enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma maka ọkwa ndị isi na pati ahụ: n'afọ 2007, na Nzukọ Mba nke 52 nke ANC, Motlanthe meriri ya iji merie osote onye isi ala; ebe na Nzukọ nke 54 nke Mba n'afọ 2017, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka Ramaphosa, onye nọ ugbu a, tụfuo ọkwa onye isi ala nke ANC.

## Ebenside

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Climate inertia

Nguzogide nke ihu igwe bụ ihe omume nke usoro ihu igwe na-egosi nguzogide ma ọ bụ nwayọ na mgbanwe na ihe ndị dị mkpa, dị ka ọkwa gas na-ekpo ọkụ. N'ihe gbasara mgbanwe ihu igwe, nke a pụtara na atụmatụ mgbochi, dị ka nkwụsi ike nke ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ, nwere ike igosi mmeghachi omume dị nwayọ n'ihi ọrụ nke usoro nzaghachi dị mgbagwoju anya. Dị ka ihe atụ a kapịrị ọnụ, ice na-agbaze na Greenland na Antarctica na-ewe oge iji meghachi omume na ikuku carbon na usoro ihu igwe. Okpomọkụ ụwa na-akpatakwa inertia okpomọkụ, mgbasawanye okpomọkụ nke oké osimiri, nke na-enye aka n'ịbawanye oke osimiri, a na-eme atụmatụ na anyị etinyelarị aka na ịrị elu oke osimiri nke ihe dịka mita 2.3 maka ogo okpomọkụ ọ bụla n'ime afọ 2,000 sochirinụ.

## Nguzogide nke okpomọkụ
Nguzogide nke okpomọkụ nke oké osimiri na-egbu oge ụfọdụ okpomọkụ ụwa ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ ma ọ bụ narị afọ. A na-akọwa ya na ụdị ihu igwe zuru ụwa ọnụ, a kwadoro ya site na nyocha nke nguzozi ike nke ụwa. Permafrost na-ewe ogologo oge iji meghachi omume na mbara ala na-ekpo ọkụ n'ihi nguzogide okpomọkụ, n'ihi ihe ndị jupụtara na ice na ọkpụrụkpụ permafrost.

Mmetụta ihu igwe na-agafe agafe na mmetụta ihu igwe na nguzozi kwekọrọ na oge inertial thermal. N'ihi ya, mmetụta ihu igwe nke ụwa na-agbanwe ka oge na-aga ruo mgbe e ruru nguzozi ọhụrụ.

## Nguzogide nke ibe mkpụrụ njumoyi
Ọbụna mgbe e belatara ikuku CO2, ịgbaze nke ice ga-aga n'ihu, ma na-abawanye ịrị elu nke oke osimiri ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ. Njem na-adịghị ngwa nke okpomọkụ n'ime oké osimiri na oge nzaghachi na-adịghị mma nke ice ga-aga n'ihu ruo mgbe usoro ọhụrụ ahụ ruru.

## Enweghị ike gburugburu ebe obibi
Dabere na gburugburu ebe obibi, mmetụta nke mgbanwe ihu igwe nwere ike igosi ngwa ngwa, ebe ndị ọzọ na-ewe oge iji meghachi omume. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, coral bleaching nwere ike ime n'otu oge okpomọkụ, ebe osisi nwere ike ịnọgide ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ n'okpuru ihu igwe na-agbanwe agbanwe, mana enweghị ike ịmaliteghachi. Mgbanwe na ugboro ole ihe omume ihu igwe siri ike nwere ike imebi usoro okike dịka nsonaazụ, dabere na oge nzaghachi nke ụdị.

## Mmetụta iwu nke nguzogide
IPCC kwubiri na nguzogide na ejighị n'aka nke usoro ihu igwe, gburugburu ebe obibi, na usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na-egosi na a ga-atụle oke maka nchekwa. Ya mere, ịtọ usoro, ebumnuche, na tebụl oge maka izere itinye aka dị ize ndụ site na mgbanwe ihu igwe. N'ihu, IPCC kwubiri na akụkọ afọ 2001 ha na nkwụsi ike nke ikuku CO2, okpomọkụ, ma ọ bụ oke osimiri na-emetụta:

* Nguzogide nke usoro ihu igwe, nke ga-eme ka mgbanwe ihu igwe gaa n'ihu ruo oge ụfọdụ mgbe emechara ihe mgbochi.
* Enweghị ntụkwasị obi banyere ebe enwere ike inwe ọnụ ụzọ mgbanwe a na-apụghị ịgbanwe agbanwe na omume nke usoro ahụ na nso ha.
* Oge lags n'etiti nnabata nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ na ihe ha rụzuru.

## Ebensidee
Thandi Modise

Thandi Modise (Amụrụ na 25 Disemba 1959) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa na onye bụbu onye na-emegide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. Ọ na-eje ozi ugbu a dị ka Minista na-ahụ maka nchekwa na ndị agha. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Onye isi oche nke National Council of Provinces site n'afọ 2014 ruo afọ 2019 na dị ka Onye Ọkà okwu nke National Assembly of South Africa site n'afọ 2019 ruo afọ 2021.

Ọ hapụrụ South Africa n'afọ 1976 iji sonye na African National Congress ma nweta ọzụzụ na Angola. Ọ laghachiri South Africa n'afọ 1978 dị ka onye ọrụ Umkhonto weSizwe. E jidere ya ma tụọ ya mkpọrọ na 1979, na-aghọ nwanyị mbụ na South Africa a tụrụ ya mkpọrọ maka ọrụ MK.

NSPCA na AfriForum meghere ikpe nke obi ọjọọ anụmanụ megide Modise. N'abalị iri atọ n'ọnwa Eprel 2021, Ụlọikpe Ógbè Potchefstroom jụrụ ikpe obi ọjọọ anụmanụ megide ya. Ụlọ ikpe ahụ chọpụtara na enweghị ike ịta Modise ụta maka ihe mere n'ugbo ya nakwa na nwoke ọ goro ka ọ lekọta ugbo ya, kwesịrị ịta ụta maka mpụ ndị e mere.

## Ebenside

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ