open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Farida El-Sherif

Farida El-Sherif (amuru 7 Ọktoba 1998) bu onye egwuregwu basketball nke Egypt nke na-egwu otu egwuregwu basketball nke ndi nwanyi Egypt yana kwa Sporting Club na Egypt .  Farida dị ụkwụ 5 na mgbochi iri na otu n'ogologo, nke ya na 180cm.  Ɔ gbara maka Al Sham na oge 2022/2023, ma na-egwukwa dị ka onye na-aga n'ihu . 

## Atụmatụ ọrụ mba ụwa

### National otu Senior
N'ime 2023 FIBA ​​Women's AfroBasket, ọ gbara egwuregwu 1, na-achọ isi, nkwụghachi, mmemme, yana ọkwa nke -1.  N'oge ntozu ntozu ụmụ fim AfroBasket FIBA ​​nke 2023, o sonye na egwuregwu 4, na-agbakọ isi 1.3, nkwụghachi 1.3, họrọ 0.8, yana ọkwa nke 1.5.  Na 2021 FIBA ​​Women's Afrobasket - Qualifiers - mgbaàmà 5, ọ gbara egwuregwu 5, na-enweta isi 3.4, nkwụghachi 1.8, họrọ 1, yana ọkwa ọrụ nke 6. N'ozuzu, nkezi ya maka ọkwa ndị isi otu mba bụ isi 1.9  , nkwụghachi 1.2, isiokwu 0.7, yana ọkwa nke 2.8. 

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Jana Sallman

**Jana Sallman** (amụrụ ya n’ubochi isii na-onwa Jenụwarị nke afo 2006) bụ onye mba Egypt na-atu bọọlụ .  Ọ na-egwuri egwu ugbu a maka otu egwuregwu basketball ụmụ nwanyị Memphis Tigers. Ọ dị 6 feet 3 inches (190cm).    Ọ bụ nwa afọ Cairo, na mba Egypt. Jana Sallman na-egwuri egwu dịka onye na-aga n'ihu.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Tupu ọ banye Memphis, Sallman nọchitere anya ndị otu mba Ijipt na FIBA U16 na U18 Women's African Championships na afo 2021 na 2023, n'otu n'otu, na-enweta nkezi nke ihe karịrị 10.0 kwa egwuregwu n'oge abụọ ahụ. Tụkwasị na nke a, o sonyere na FIBA U17 na U19 World Cup na’ oge afo 2022 na 2023 na Egyptian National Team ma nweta ọrụ kachasị mma nke 11.1 na 6.9 kwa egwuregwu obula, n'otu n'otu.

Sallman gara Western Reserve Academy,  ebe ọ na-enweta akara 11.1 n'egwuregwu ọ bụla, 2.8 blocks, na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ọ ga-enweta nkezi okpukpu abụọ na ihe na-erughị rebounds iri kwa asọmpi. 

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
N'Osimiri Na Ebe Ndị Ọzọ Dị Mma

. Na Gutter na Ebe ndị ọzọ dị mma bụ ihe nkiri akwụkwọ akụkọ Canada, nke Cristine Richey duziri wee pụta ya na 1993.  akwado onwe ha mmiri mmiri mmiri na-ekpofu mmiri na karama maka ihe ndị nwere ike imegharị.

Emere ihe nkiri a na Vancouver International Film Festival na 1993, ebe ọ meri ihe nri maka akwụkwọ ndị kacha mma.  [1] Na Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival na 1994, ihe nkiri ahụ meri nturu ugo maka ike onwe ya kacha mma, ihe nkiri cinematography (Douglas Munro na Philip Letourneau), akara egwu mma ( Adrian Belew ) na ịgha ụgha mma ( Adrian Belew )  Steve Munro).  [2] Ihe nkiri ihe nkiri nturu ugo Genie maka akwụkwọ ozi ogologo oge kacha mma na 15th Genie Awards, [3] wee-ahụ na usoro ihe nkiri nke CBC Television na 1995

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Ọ dịghị ihe ọ bụla ị ga-efu iji kwuo ezi ụtụtụ

Ọ dịghị efu ihe ọ gbala 'ịsị Good Morning bụ ihe nkiri akwụkwọ 1994 nke Kenny Hotz na Spencer Rice duziri.  Ihe nkiri a bụ ndụ onye na-ahụ ebe obibi, nke a maara naanị dị ka "'Shorty' Gordy", bụ onye na-abata n'anya ma ọ mamabigara ókè, onye na-anụ ọkụ n'obi panhandler, nke  e mere ihe awụ atọ, na-ekpuchi ndụ Gordy na anwụ.  Ihe nkiri a nkiri na Palm Springs Film Festival, Cinéfest, Worldwide Short Film Festival wee merie nkenke kacha mma na Hot Docs Film Festival

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
* Official website of show creator Kenny Hotz
* ''It Don't Cost Nothin' to Say Good Morning'' on Kenny Hotz's Official channel
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Ụdị Ezinụlọ

Ụdị Ezin bụ ihe nkiri akwụkwọ ozi Canada, nke Andrew Koster duziri wee pụta ya na 1992. [1] Ihe nkiri a gbadoro ụkwụ na Glen Murray, n'oge ahụ onye isi obodo Winnipeg na otu n'ime ndị agha 1992.  ọkọlọtọ nwoke mbụ Canada, yana Mike, nwoke nwéra nwoke, nwa nwoke nwere nje HIV nke Murray weere dị ka nne na-azụ.

. Ihe nkiri a oke ihe nkiri tupu CBC Television agbasa ya dị ka ihe nkiri nke usoro ihe nkiri nke nkiri .  [1] Ọ natara onyinye Genie maka akwụkwọ kacha mma na 13th Genie Awards

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
S.P.I.T.: Squeegee Punks in Traffic

SPIT: Squeegee Punks in Traffic bụ ihe nkiri Canada 2001 nke Daniel Cross dere .  Akụkọ ahụ na-ahụ site n'echiche nke squeegee . 

Onye isi agwa, "Roach," mechara bụrụ onye ntụzi akwụkwọ ndị EyeSteelFilm dị ka Eric "Roach" Denis .

## nnabata
Ntụleghachi dị mma na TV kwuru, "Ọ bụghị naanị ihe nkiri ahụ na-arụ ọrụ na-eme ihe n'ihe gbasara ime ka ndị na-ege ntĩ mara mma, o mekwara nnukwu ihe na ndụ nke otu onye nwere ike mkpa mkpa.  akwụkwọ - mkpa ya na ya. Ụdị ego nke ndị na-esonụ bụ akwụkwọ ozi dị ka Joe Berlinger na Bruce Sinofsky's Paradise Lost trilogy na Errol Morris's The Thin Blue Line."

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Asrar Bakr

Asrar Bakr (amuru 10 August 1998) bu onye egwuregwu basketball nke Egypt nke na-egwu otu egwuregwu basketball nke ndi nwanyi Egypt yana kwa Sporting Club na Egypt .  [1] Ọ dị 5 ụkwụ 11 ịdị ogologo (180cm). 

## Ihe ngosi ọrụ

### Ndị otu mba ndị isi </ref>

* 2023 FIBA AfroBasket Womenmụ nwanyị 2023: Soro na egwuregwu 3, nkezi isi 2, nkwụghachi 1, 0.7 na-enyere aka, yana arụmọrụ nke 2.
* 2023 FIBA AfroBasket Ụmụ nwanyị – Ndị ruru eru: Egwuru egwuregwu 5, nkezi isi 6.4, nkwụghachi 1, enyemaka 1.6, yana arụmọrụ nke 4.4.
* 2021 FIBA Women's Afrobasket - Ndị ruru eru - Mpaghara 5: Pụtara na egwuregwu 4, nkezi isi 2.8, nkwụghachi 1.8, enyemaka 1.8, yana arụmọrụ nke 4.
* 2019 FIBA Women's Afrobasket: Egwuru egwuregwu 4, nwere stats nke 0 isi, 0.5 rebounds, 0.8 na-enyere aka, yana arụmọrụ nke -0.5.
* 2019 FIBA Women's Afrobasket - Ndị ruru eru: Soro na egwuregwu 5, nkezi isi 3, nkwụghachi 1.4, enyemaka 2.2, yana arụmọrụ nke 2.6.
* 2017 FIBA Women's Afrobasket: Egwuru egwuregwu 6, nkezi isi 2.5, nkwụghachi 0.2, 0.3 na-enyere aka, yana arụmọrụ nke 0.3. N'ozuzu nkezi maka ndị agadi otu mba ngosi: 2.7 isi, 1 rebound, 1.2 na-enyere aka, na-arụ ọrụ nke 2.1. 

### Otu mba ndị ntorobịa

* 2017 FIBA U19 World Cup Basketball: Egwuru egwuregwu 7, nkezi isi 10.4, nkwụghachi 1, enyemaka 2.4, yana arụmọrụ nke 4.
* 2015 FIBA U19 World Championship: Soro na egwuregwu 6, nwere stats nke 1 isi, 0.8 rebounds, 1.3 na-enyere aka, yana arụmọrụ nke 0.2. N'ozuzu nkezi maka ngosipụta otu mba ndị ntorobịa: isi 5.7, 0.9 rebounds, 1.9 na-enyere aka, yana arụmọrụ nke 2.1.

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Radwa Sherif

**Radwa Sherif** (amụrụ ya n'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Febụwarị nke afo 1998 na obodo Cairo) bụ onye Egypt na-atu bọọlụ nke na-agba maka otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị mba Egypt nakwa Sporting Club di na Egypt. Ọ dị 6 feet 1 inch n'ogologo (184cm). Ọ na-egwuri egwu maka Al Gezira,  Cairo.  Radwa Sherif bụ nwa afọ nke 6th of October City,  Giza Governorate, nke di na mba Egypt.

## Ihe ndị dị mkpa n'ọrụ ya

### National Team Senior.

* Na oge afo 2023 FIBA Women's AfroBasket, ọ gbara egwuregwu ato, na-enweta akara 2.7, 5.3 rebounds, 0.3 assists, na ọkwa arụmọrụ nke ise. 
* N'oge asọmpi AfroBasket nke ụmụ nwanyị nke FIBA nke oge afọ 2023, ọ sonyere n'egwuregwu ise, na-enweta akara 8.6, 3.6 rebounds, 0.4 assists, na ọkwa arụmọrụ nke 8.2.
* Na oge afo 2021 FIBA Women's Afrobasket - Qualifiers - Zone 5, ọ gbara egwuregwu ano, na-enweta nkezi  points abuo, 2.5 rebounds, 0.3 assists, na arụmọrụ nke 1.8.
* Na oge afo 2017 FIBA Women's Afrobasket, ọ gbara egwuregwu iri na abụọ, na-enweta akara 3.9, 2.8 rebounds, 0.3 assists, na ọkwa arụmọrụ nke ano.
* N'ozuzu, ngụkọta nke ọ na-enweta maka ọkwa ndị isi otu mba bụ akara 4.3, 3.6 rebounds, 0.3 assists, na ọkwa arụmọrụ nke 4.8.

### Ndị Ntorobịa Mba

* Na 2017 FIBA U19 Women's Basketball World Cup, ọ gbara egwuregwu asaa, na-enweta nkezi 9.9, 8.4 rebounds, 0.7 assists, na arụmọrụ nke 9.3 
* N'oge Afrobasket U18 Women nke afọ 2016, ọ gbara egwuregwu isii, na-enweta akara iri, 8.5 rebounds, 1.3 assists, na ọkwa arụmọrụ nke 12.8. 
* Na 2015 FIBA U19 Women's World Championship, ọ gbara egwuregwu abụọ, na-eme nkezi otu akara, 1.5 rebounds, 0 nyere aka, na ọkwa arụmọrụ nke -1.5.
* Na 2014 FIBA U17 World Championship for Women, ọ gbara egwuregwu anọ, na-enweta nkezi 0 points, 0 rebounds, 0 assists, na arụmọrụ nke -0.5.
* N'oge 2013 FIBA Africa U16 Championship for Women, ọ turu egwuregwu isii, na-enweta nkezi 7.3, 5.5 rebounds, 0.8 assists, na arụmọrụ nke 11.2.
* N'ozuzu, ngụkọta nke ndị ntorobịa ya maka ọkwa ndị otu mba bụ 6.4, 5.4 rebounds, 0.7 assists, na ọkwa arụmọrụ nke 7.3.

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Otu Onye Bi N'Ebe A

Onye bi Nke a bụ ihe nkiri akwụkwọ ozi Canada 2023, nke Zack Russell duziri.  [1] Ihe ngosi ihe nkiri ahụ Khaleel Seivwright, onye gboo nkà nke weputara oru ngo nke iwulite obere ebe nchekwa maka ndị na-echekwa ebe obibi na Toronto n'oge ọrịa COVID-19, መከላከያ n-agha ike nke obodo.

Emere ihe nkiri a na 2023 Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival, ebe ikiri ya onye mmeri nke ihe nrite ndị na-ege ntĩ Rogers .

## Nzaghachi dị egwu
Rachel Ho nke Exclaim!  toro ihe nkiri ahụ, na-ede na "Russell nwere ike ọ na-eji enwe ikike nke onye na-ede akwụkwọ, ma o doro anya na ọ nwere nkà okike maka ya. Ihe nkiri ahụ na-abata na onye 75 na- dabere na ya.  , oge zuru oke iji kọọ ndị Seivwright na inyocha ihe nkiri ahụ.  mbụ, Russell na-egosi ọtụtụ njide na ịghara ihe na-achọ isi na- elele isi, na-eme ka el-ije na-enwe mgba."

Akpọrọ ihe nkiri a na ndepụta Top Ten nke Canada kwa afọ nke Toronto International Film Festival maka 2023.

## Ihe nrite
Ọ bụ onye nhọpụta maka Allan King Award maka ihe nkiri kacha mma na on 2023 Directors Guild of Canada, [1] wee nweta ihe nrite maka ihe nkiri akwụkwọ akụkọ Canada kacha mma na 2023 Vancouver International Film Festival

Edepụtara ihe nkiri maka Rogers Best Canadian Documentary Award na Toronto Film Critics Association Awards 2023, [1] na Canadian Screen Awards for Best Feature Length Documentary and Best Editing in a Documentary ( Marianna Khoury ) na 12th Canadian Screen Awards in 2024.

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Okporo ámá: Ihe nkiri na ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi

Okporo àmá: Ihe nkiri na ndị na-abụghị ebe obibi bụ ihe nkiri 78 1997 metụtara ndị na-eche ebe obibi na Montreal, Quebec, Canada.  Daniel Cross duziri ihe nkiri a, ya na Don Haig wepụta ya.  ikike ahụ bụ National Film Board of Canada na Necessary Illusions Productions Inc.

Emere ihe afu 6, "Okporo ụzọ" bụ ihe nke imikpu ndị na-eme fim n'ime ụwa nke ndị na-akpata ebe obibi.  Ọ bụ ọkụ nke ndị Montreal 3 na-ahụ ebe obibi bụ ndị a na-ama n'ụdị ụgbọ ụgbọ oloko Guy-Concordia nke obodo [1] nke Société de Transport de Montréal (STM).

Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na-enweta usoro ihe riri ahụ na mgbake, olile anya na obi nkoropụ - mana bilie n'elu okporo ụzọ site n'echiche nke ugwu, mmadụ na obodo.  Tọọ n'ira nke na-ahụ ka ọha obodo anyị na-agbasa na ekiri nchekwa na-ada, "The Street" na-ekpuchi ihe nsogbu na eze.

## Nkọwa okwu
Ruo afọ isii, onye nduzi Daniel Cross gbasoro ndụ Danny na John Claven na Frank O'Malley—ndị ikom ikom atɔ na-anya ebe obibi bụ́ ndị nwere oge ka ukwuu n'ọdụ ụgbọ Montreal na gburugburu.  Cross nwere chiri anya na ndụ ndị atɔ ahụ, na-edekọ nwoke ọma nke awụ ha n'okporo ụzọ àmá, na usoro ha riri ahụ na mgbake, na-agba na obi nkoropụ.  Esere okporo ụzọ ahụ n'ụdị sinima verité.  Okporo ụzọ ahụ bụ onye mmeri nke onyinye nturu ugo-iche maka akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Vancouver International Film Festival na 1996 na onyunyo onyunyo ndi mmadu na 1997 Canadian International Documentary Film Awards na Toronto

## Ememme na onyiny ise

* Onyinye Nhọrọ Ndị Mmadụ Federal Express maka akwụkwọ akụkọ Canada kachasị ewu ewu na onyinye onyinye pụrụ iche nke ndị juri maka akwụkwọ akụkọ, ha abụọ na Vancouver International Film Festival, 1996
* Akwụkwọ akụkọ mmekọrịta kacha mma na Vermont International Film Festival
* Onyinye Silver Hugo na Chicago Film Festival, Chicago, IL, 1998
* Ihe nrite Nhọrọ Ndị mmadụ dị ka ihe nkiri ama ama & nhọpụta maka “atụmatụ kacha mma,” akwụkwọ ọkụ

A họpụtara ya maka "akwụkwọ akụkọ Canada pụtara ìhè," na Joan C. Chalmers Awards 1997. Ọ bụ na asọmpi atụmatụ na Mumbai International Film Festival, India. A họpụtara ya maka ikiri na mmemme ihe nkiri ndị ọzọ dị iche iche gụnyere International Documentary Festival, Ozi na Ememme Nkiri Mmadụ na St. Petersburg, Russia, Galaway Film Fleadh na Cork Film Festival na Ireland, Buenos Aires International Festival of Independent Films na Argentina, Internationales Dokumentarfilmfestival na Munich, Germany na ihe nkiri Atlantic, Halifax, Nova Scotia na Canada

## Ntụaka

* .
* Movie page on NFB site
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Ụgbọelu oyi

Winter Buoy bụ ihe nkiri akwụkwọ 2015 nke Swedish Cannes nyere Frida Kempff duziri.  Ihe nkiri a bụ maka otu ndị ọrịa nọ na Toronto na-enyere ụmụ dị ime aka mgba na akara ebe obibi ha, ọgwụ riri ahụ na ike ime ihe ike.

Ihe nkiri ahụ nwere ihe ngosi ngosi na 2015 Gothenburg Film Festival ebe a na-egosi na Dragon Award Best Nordic Documentary .  [1] Enyere akwụkwọ kacha mma na NIFF, Nordic International Film Festival, USA .  Ahụ ya na 2015 First Films International Competition na Cinéma du Réel na Paris [2] na Tempo Documentary Award na 2015 Tempo Documentary Festival na Stockholm .

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Alberta Rural Development Network

Rural Development Network ( RDN), nke bụbu Alberta Rural Development Network ( ARDN), bụ ntọala na Alberta ezubere ọrụ n'ime ime obodo na Canada 

Tọrọ ntọala na 2009, emepụtara RDN dị ka fim nke ụlọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ọha 21 nke Alberta 

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
ARDN malitere ịrụ ọrụ na 2009 site na onyinye sitere na Rural Alberta Development Fund (RADF)  na nkwa dị n'ụdị sitere n'aka ndị otu ya gachara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.

akwụkwọ ozi ya, ARDN ejiri obere Alberta, mahadum na otu iche iche ọrụ na ọrụ, iche Lakeland College na Portage College na mpaghara Innovation Network na East Central Alberta, [1] Ugwu Royal University na Njide Azụmaahịa & Mgbasawanye Mgbasa Ozi,  [2] 1] [3] Alberta Academy of Art and Design on the Company of Albertans, [4] Pastor Tim Wray on the Young Adult Photovoice Project, [5] na Lethbridge College on Social in the South. 

N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ARDN na-ahụ maka usoro ego nke ime obodo na nri ebe obibi nke ihe ebe obibi maka Alberta.  [1] Ruo ugbu a, nke a ebutela ego nke ọrụ ebe obibi asaa nke ime obodo, ndị ọrụ dị na Drayton Valley, [2] Chestermere, [3] Fort Macleod [4] na Cochrane

## Ndị otu

* Mahadum Athabasca
* Grande Prairie Regional College
* College nke Keyano
* College nke Lethbridge
* Ụlọ akwụkwọ ọgwụ okpu
* College nke Northern Lakes
* Ụlọ akwụkwọ Portage
* Mahadum Calgary
* Mahadum nke Lethbridge

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Kọmitii Na-emegide Ịda Ogbenye

Kọmiti na-egosi ndị ogbenye (APC) bụ ndị anarchist na-akwado aka ekpe nke hiwere isi na Vancouver, British Columbia na-ebuso agha ndị ogbenye na ihe ebe obibi .

APC sonye na mmemme mmemme dị ka nọdụ ọdụ, squats, [1] na ozi ihe iji mee na mmechi nke ọrụ ụlọ dị obere ma na-ejikwa nlebara anya dị ukwuu site na-iwe na iwe na-akpaghasị [2] gbadoro ụkwụ na 2010 Winter  Olympic na Vancouver, play mkpali nke obere ọgba aghara n'ụbọchị mmeghe nke egwuregwu

Dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ya si kwuo, Kọmitii Na-iche Ịda ogbenye bụ "òtù ndị ogbenye na ndị na-arụ ọrụ, ndị na-alụ ogụ maka ndị ogbenye, ikike ha na njedebe ogbenye site n'ụzọ ọ mkpa dị mkpa.  "  [1] APC akụkụ n'oge akwụkwọ nke 2010, mgbe ha ịgbazite ụlọ ọrụ ikike, na ọ bụghị ọrụ na-arụsi ọrụ ike.

## Mmegide nke egwuregwu olimpik oyi nke afọ 2010
Na ndị izu May na 2007, ndị uwe ojii Vancouver jiri jide jide onye nhazi APC David Cunningham dị ka ihe nke nyọcha ha na egwu egwu e mere iji "chụpụ" ndị otu egwuregwu Olympic Olympic nke 2010 n'iche ha na ụlọ ọrụ ha.  uwe ojii mere ka à ga-assị na ọ bụ onye nta akwụkwọ nwere akwụkwọ ozi Vancouver 24 Hours .  A katọrọ a n'amiri dị ka ihe na-etinye mgbasa ozi onwe n'ihe ize ndụ.&#x5B; ** &#x5D;

Na May 22, 2007, na-esochi ejidere Cunningham, atọ ndị agha njikọ APC mere ka hà na-ebuga oge osisi dị ka ejiri iji banye n'ime Vancouver nke BC Premier Gordon Campbell .  Ndị otu ahụ ahụ́ ibibi ihe ndị e ji enyo enyo, yana kwatuo arịa ụlọ na akwụkwọ ọkọshọs.  Otu ahụ kwuru na omume a bụ nchụpụ onye sereiche egwuregwu Olympic nke 010 bụ Ken Dobell n'iche ọrụ ya. 

## Hụkwa

* Ndị bi na Ogbe Ndịda Eastside
* Ịda ogbenye na Canada

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Flowers for Food Society nke Canada

The Canadian Flowers for Food Society (Flowers for Food) bụ ihe ndekọ nke na-egosi na 2005 na Vancouver, BC, saịtị Canada na Marrett Green.  Flowers for Food na-anakọta mkpofu n'aka ndị isi na-akụ ikike na ndị na-ekesa na mpaghara Vancouver wee bufee ha na mmemme ebere, ọrụ, na ndị na- ese ebe obibi, ndị na-erekwa ha n'ụdị ebe obibi, ndị na-erekwa ha n' watch  okporo ụzọ maka azụ.  [1] Flowers for Food bụ ọrụ ebere Canada edebanyere aha n'okpuru paragraf 149(1)(f) nke Iwu Ụtụ Ego ma bụrụkwa BC Society edebanye aha (BN: 84141 0756 RC001).

## Ọrụ composting

Okooko osisi maka nri nri nri nri.  Emebere mmemme a na-etinye mkpagharị iji bu ihe mkpọfu igodo sitere na nnukwu ebe mkpofu mpaghara Vancouver gaa na ọdụ composting nke Flowers for Food na-elekọta ndị ọrụ afụ na ndị otu ha na-azụ ahịa.  A na-eresị ọhaneze compost emechara.

## Hụkwa

* Mbelata ịda ogbenye
* Enweghị ebe obibi na Canada

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ikike Nri
Bonnie Briggs

Briggs (1952/1953-2017) bụ onye Canada na-akwado ụlọ obibi na onye na-ede uri.  O kere Toronto Homeless Memorial na 1997

## Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
Akwụkwọ Briggs na Brampton, Ontario [1] na 1952 ma ọ bụ 1953.

Ọ ndabere obodo na George Brown College, [1] akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na 1997.
thumb| Ncheta nri ebe obibi Toronto
Emere Briggs egwu ebe obibi ugboro, na 1987 na 1989. [1] E mmụta ya n' akwụkwọ Dying For a Home nke Cathy Crowe dere.  [1] [2] Briggs isi ọrụ dị ka onye anya maka Parkdale Activity Recreation Center ebe o duuru oru ngo ụlọ obere ụlọ iji nye ndị na-menye ebe obibi ọnụ ala.  [3] Dị ka onye na-akwado maka ụlọ dị ọnụ ala, Briggs gara ụgbọ, iwe iwe, ma soro na mmemme ndị Ontario Coalition Against Poverty haziri, ODSP Action Coalition, Kọmitii Enyemaka Ọdachi Toronto, Parkdale NDP, United Tenants of Ontario,  na ACORN.  [1] [4] O kere Toronto Homeless Memorial na 1997, [5] ka ọ nwetara ihe ọrụ na 1996. [6] Site na 2021, ihe na-ahụ ahụ, nke dị na ọrịka nke Atọ n'Ime Otu, nwere ihe nna nna.  1,200 aha ndị nwụrụ mgbe ha nwere ike ebe obibi na Toronto

Na Ọgọst 4, 2017, Briggs gburu na Parkdale .  [1] Ọ gbara afọ 64 mgbe ọ nwụrụ.

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* ''Abụ sitere na ọkwa okporo ụzọ'', Bonnie Briggs, 2006
* Tweet nwere ihe onyonyo 1998 nke akwụkwọ ''“Poems From Street Level”'' enyochara nke Bonnie Briggs, David Hulchanski 5 Aug 2017
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Ebe Na-emegide Ịghọ aghụghọ na Canada

Ndị ọrụ ozi nke Canada ( CAFC ; nke a na-akpọbu PhoneBusters National Call Center ) bụ ebe nchekwa oku ụzọ nke mba Canada na ebe nchekwa data nchekwa.  [1] E hiwere ya na Jenụwarị 1993 na North Bay, Ontario, ndị uwe ojii mpaghara Ontario, ndị uwe ojii Royal Canadian Mounted na ụlọ ọrụ na-arụkọ ọrụ ya.

Taa, ikike nke etiti ahụ ịchịkọta ndị isi na ihe e ji ozi maka ndị nlekọta ire ọtụtụ (ihe atụ, ojoro akwụkwọ ozi Naijiria), izu ohi, omume ire ejika, na njikwa ire akara telemarket .  Ozugbo enwetara ya, ebe etiti ahụ na- data ahụ, kesaa ihe ọkụ nke ndị mmadụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ, na akwụkwọ, ma na-akwado maka ụlọ ọrụ mmanye iwu ndị ọzọ na Canada na United States ala 

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
. E hiwere ebe na Jenụwarị 1993 na PhoneBusters National Call Center na North Bay, Ontario.

.Iwu izizi nke PhoneBusters bụ ịgba ndị isi nọ na Ontario na Quebec ikpe gbasara wayo telemarketing n'okpuru Usoro Criminal

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Enweghị ebe obibi na New Zealand

Ejikọtala **enweghị ebe obibi na New Zealand** na okwu izugbe nke enweghị ụlọ kwesịrị ekwesị.  A na-atụkarị ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi site na ngụkọ obodo yana mahadum na ebe agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ. N'afọ 2009, enweghị ebe obibi n'obodo mepere emepe (ndị na-ehi ụra siri ike ma ọ bụ ebe obibi ndị na-adịghị mma) bụ ihe na-erughị 300, ebe enweghị ebe obibi n'ime ime obodo (ụlọ ndị na-adịghị mma) na-eme atụmatụ n'etiti 500 na 1000. Ihe ọzọ 8,000-20,000 na-ebi na "ụlọ nwa oge na-adabaghị maka ebe obibi ogologo oge (ụgbọ ala, ogige, ụlọ na-adịghị mma na ụlọ obibi)."  E belatara enweghị ebe obibi na New Zealand n'ụzọ ọdịnala site n'inye ụlọ steeti, dịka Germany na mba ndị ọzọ mepere emepe. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Nkọwa na ọrụ
Ndị ọrụ ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ na New Zealand agbasawanyela nkọwa nke enweghị ebe obibi gụnyere 'ndị mmadụ bi n'ụlọ nchekwa dị mma', 'ndị mmadụ na-anọ n'ogige ịma ụlọikwuu/ogige moto' na 'ndị mmadụ na-eso ezinụlọ onye ọzọ na-ekerịta ebe obibi'.  Ọrụ ndị na-anọchi anya ngalaba ahụ gụnyere New Zealand Coalition to End enweghị ebe obibi (NZCEH). 

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Ekwenyere na okwu a na-apụtawanye ìhè n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya.  Mgbasa ozi na New Zealand ebipụtala akụkọ ebubo ọnụnọ nke ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi na oghere ọha, na-edobe ụmụ nwoke na-enweghị ebe obibi dị ka ihe iyi egwu na-akpaghasị. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị otu obodo egosila nkwado n'agbanyeghị na ha na-ede mpempe echiche. 

N'ọgwụgwụ Jenụwarị 2019, akwụkwọ *akụkọ New York Times* kọrọ na ọnụ ahịa ụlọ ịrị elu ka ọ bụrụ isi ihe kpatara enweghị ebe obibi na-abawanye na New Zealand nke mere na "obere ahịa dị ka Tauranga, obodo dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri dị na North Island nke nwere mmadụ 128,000, ahụla mmụba. Ndị mmadụ hapụrụ Auckland na-achọ ụlọ ndị dị ọnụ ala, ọnụ ahịa ihe onwunwe dị na Tauranga ebiliwo na $497,000 site na $304,000 n'ime afọ ise gara aga, Demographia dekwara ya ugbu a n'etiti obodo 10 kachasị ọnụ ala n'ụwa - yana mpaghara ndị ama ama ama ama. dị ka Hong Kong, San Francisco, Sydney na Vancouver, British Columbia." 

## Hụkwa

* Enweghị ebe obibi na Australia
* Ime ụlọ na New Zealand

## Edensibia
edobe ụmụ nwoke na-enweghị ebe obibi dị ka ihe iyi egwu na-akpaghasị. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị otu obodo egosila nkwado n'agbanyeghị na ha na-ede mpempe echiche.
Ndepụta nke gọọmentị etiti nke Russia site na enweghị ọrụ

Nke a bụ ndepụta nke isiokwu nkeji etiti nke Russia na nhụjuanya ọrụ ndị.  Akọọgụ niile sitere na ndị ọrụ Ọrụ Statistical Russia

## Njikọ mpụga

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Kansụl Ndị Ahịa nke Canada

. Kansụl ndị na-ahụ maka Canada bụ echere ahụhụ, ndị agha dabere na afụ, na- ikike na ọrụ ndị na-anya Canada

Ntọala na 1994, ntọala dabere na Toronto . 

Kansụl ndị akara nke Canada bụ onye so na Initiative Consumer Initiative.  [1] Atumatu a, nke Ọfịs nke Consumer Affairs of Industry Canada mmetụta, ịdịla aka n'ọkwa siri na- otueke ihe site n'aka dị iche iche na-ejere ndị ọrụ na Canada ozi

## Ụkpụrụ ọrụ
The Consumers Council of Canada advocates for the takwas isi n'ikike zuru ezu na Consumer Bill of Rights, nakwa dị ka ndụ, ikike iche, nke kansụl iwu.  Ikike ndị a bụ:

* Ikike nke nchekwa;
* Ikike ịhọrọ;
* Ikike anụ;
* Ikike nke ịkọrọ;
* Ikike inweta agụmakwụkwọ n'ahịa ;
* Ikike nke nzizi ndị ahịa;
* Ikike inwe ezi gburugburu ebe obibi ;
* Ikike nke isi mkpa, na;
* Ikike nke nzuzo. 

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ikike Nri
Caveat (iwu ihe onwunwe)

Caveat bụ Latin maka "ndị anya".  [1] N'iwu ihe onye Australia na ikike ndị ọzọ na-eji usoro aha Torrens, caveat bụ njirimara aka ná ntĩ na onye ọzọ na- ezinụlọ onye nwe ya na-azọrọ ikike ma ọ bụ ngwaọrụ na ụlọ ahụ.  [2] [3] [4] [4] Ihe ndabere nwere ike ike ikpe ikpe na-aga n'ihu, ihe nri ma ọ bụ mortgages nke abụọ.

## Ebe obibi caveats
[4Dị ka Samantha Hepburn si kwuo, "enwere caveat dị ka ngwere nke ozi: ejire ha ihe ekwe nkwa aha ọ llalla".

A onye na-enweta a "caveatable-ere" (nke ọnụ na-ahụ nwere ikike ikike a caveat iji chebe ahụ) mgbe ọ ezigbo ezigbo ala na ụlọ .  [1] Onye na-edeba aha aha ga-agwa onye ọgba aghara tupu ya emee ihe akwụkwọ ahụ

Ọ dị mkpa mkpa n'obi na onye caveator kwesịrị oge kwesịrị mkpa iji tinye caveat ahụ.  Onye mbụ ga-etinye caveat bụ onye nwe ihe iwu iwu, dịka ọmụmaatụ. 

Enwere ọtụtụ oriri na ọṅụṅụ nwere ike itinye akwụkwọ.   Ndị ụlọ akụ na-edokarị ọnụ ala iji kpuchido mmasị ha mgbe ha na-agbatị mbinye ego mgbazinye. 

## Mwepụ nke caveats
Ndị caveator nwere ike ịwepụ aka ha n'oge ọ bụla. Ụlọ ọrụ aha nke ala enweghị ike ịdebanye aha azụmahịa ọ bụla gbasara ala na ụlọ mgbe ihe mkpuchi na-emetụta. 

Ọkwa nkwụghachi ga-achọ ka onye na-egwu egwu egwu ikpe ndị na-enwe ikpe Kasị Elu wee nweta ndọtị nke caveat n'ime ụbọchị nke ụbọchị ngosi ọkwa ahụ.  Ọ bụrụ na onye caveator ihe, caveat ga-ada.  [9]

## Ntụaka

## Isi mmalite

Òtù:Ikike Nri
Òtù Nnwere Onwe Obodo na Ndị Ọkwọ ụgbọala

Civil Liberties & Motorists Party, nke bụbu otu ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala;  akwụkwọ onwe, ikike ndị eji aha, echere obodo;  Ikike ndị ọrụ & No-Tolls Party;  Ọ dịghị-Tolls.org ;  Ọ dịghị Tolls, Ọ dịghị ere Offs;  na Consumer Rights & No-Tolls [1] bụ otu ụdị ike dabere na Queensland.  Edebanyela aha ya na Queensland akpụkpọ 2015.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Jeffrey Hodges nkata ntọala na 2012 dị ka no-tolls.org iji ji ọnụ ọnụ ọnụ ụzọ ámá na Logan Motorways na South East Queensland .  Ọ bụrụ na ahụ nwere aha pati ahụ ka ọ bụrụ Consumer Rights & No-Tolls Party wee debanye aha ya na ọhụrụ aka Queensland maka mmalite aka ebido steeti na ime obodo 23 October 2015, [1] na Jeffrey Hodges guzoro maka Mayor nke Brisbane na 2016  Brisbane City Council.  Ntuli aka onye isi obodo na 19 Ma ọchịchị 2016, [2] na-anata mbụ aka mbụ 12,600 (2.11%).

Ndị otu ikike akara nke edebanyere aha na Australian Electoral Commission na 7 Ma ọchịchị 2016 [1] wee debanye aha na 9 Mee 2018. [2] Hodges bụ onye otu ahụ ikike maka atụmatụ aka etiti etiti 2016, maka oche ndị isi nke Rankin. 

Na 20 June 2017, ahụ ahụ aha ya na aha otu ndị Queensland na akwụkwọ onwe obodo, ikike ndị akara, akara ego ma gbaa ọsọ na-amalite aka steeti Queensland 2017

Na 7 Febrụwarị 2018, Kọmịshọna mbụ aka nke Australia nyere ọkwa na ha na- ndị ịkagbu otu pati ahụ n'ihi na ọ nwere inwe opekata mpe ndị otu 500. [1] Ọ bụ ebe na ụzọ mmetụta aha ka dị na webụsaịtị Electoral.  Commission, e depụtara ọkwa ọhụrụ na 7 May 2018 na- ngwa iji tinye akara ngosi, [2] Otú ọ dị, n'echi ya AEC tọrọ na e debanyere aha pati ahụ.  [3] Ode akwụkwọ nke pati ahụ gbara akwụkwọ ndị nbibi n'akwụkwọ n'agbanyeghị na mmadụ atọ ndị na-ahụ maka aka àmà ịkagbu aha na 21 August 2018. 

A ka na-edebanye aha pati ahụ na Queensland.  Akpọrọ pati ahụ aha Motorist Party na 2019,  wee bụrụ Civil Liberties & Motorists Party na 2020.

Ndị otu ahụ guzoro 16 na mmalite aka steeti Queensland na 2020 na oche Stafford, Aspley, Mirani, Inala, Capalaba, Gregory, Macalister, Mermaid Beach, Gaven, Southport, Mudgeeraba, Ipswich West, Waterford, Springwood, Moggill na Clayfield

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ikike Nri
Ibu Mfu (Ọfịs)

"Ibu Mfu" bụ aha mkpokọta maka ihe omume mbụ na nke abụọ nke Oge nke ise nke Usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn Mba America Ihe egwuregwu onyonyoo nke ofisị na ihe ngosi nke 73 na nke 74 n'ozuzu ihe omume. Lee Eisenberg na Gene Stupnitsky dere ya, Paul Feig duziri ya, ihe omume ahụ gosipụtara na mbụ dị ka otu ihe ngosi nkeji 60 na United Steeti na Septemba 25, n'afo 2008, na NBC. "Ibu Mfu" ndị ọbịa Amy Ryan dị ka Holly Flax, Dale Raoul dị ka Ronni, na Rich Sommer dị ka Alex.

Usoro ahụ - nkea gosipụtara dị ka a ga-asị na ọ bụ ezigbo ihe ngosi - na-egosi ndụ kwa ụbọchị nke ndị ọrụ ọfịs na Scranton, Pennsylvania, alaka nke Dunder Mifflin Paper Company. N'ihe omume a, ọfịs ahụ dum na-ekere òkè na asọmpi ibu nke ụlọ ọrụ niile. Pam (Jenna Fischer) nọ na New York City maka ụlọ akwụkwọ nka, nke na-eme ka ya na Jim gbanwee ka ha kewapụ onwe ha nwa oge. Esemokwu dị egwu n'etiti Michael (Steve Carell) na Holly (Amy Ryan) malitere mgbe ọ nabatara mkpakọrịta nwoke ọzọ. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, Angela (Angela Kinsey) na Dwight (Rainn Wilson) na-aga n'ihụ na mmekọrịta nzuzo ha n'agbanyeghị agbamakwụkwọ Angela na Andy na-abịanụ. Mgbe e mesịrị, Jim jụrụ Pam ajụjụ dị ezigbo mkpa.
Ụlọ Ọrụ Iwu Ndị Ahịa

The Consumer Action Law Center ( CALC), nke dị ka Consumer Action, bụ isi mgbasa ozi-lekwasịrị anya n'iji na-akwado nkwado, ma na-eme ihe dị ka obodo iwu center, na-enye free iwu akwụkwọ na- .  ịgba akwụkwọ na kaadịte nke ndị na-enyere ike na ndị na-akpa ike n'ofe Victoria., Ọstrelia .  Dabere na Melbourne, e hibere ya na 2006 site na ihe ngosi nke Consumer Law Center Victoria na Consumer Credit Legal Service yana Victoria Legal Aid na Consumer Affairs Victoria akwụkwọ ya.  Ọrụ ya bụ "naanị n'egwú, maka yana ndị na-azụ ahịa".  [2]Mụka a bụ nke mba n'akpa na nkwado ya, ebe ọrụ ya na-enyere ndị bi na Victoria aka.

CALC na-usoro usoro ngbanwe iwu n'ofe ọtụtụ okwu mkparị ndị na-eso ụzọ, na mgbasa ozi na obodo niile asụsụ.  A na- anya ya n'ọtụtụ kọmitii na-ahụ maka ndị nke mba na, steeti Asọmpi Asọmpi & Consumer Commission, Australian Securities & Investments Commission na Australian Energy Regulator yana ọtụtụ oge, ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara obodo na-arụ ọrụ.  .  otu, bọọdụ, na kọmitii gị.

## Ọrụ ikpe na mkpọsa kwesịrị ịrịba ama

### Ọzụzụ aka ọrụ/Enyemaka ụgwọ VET
Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ rụrụ ọrụ na-eduga n'ikpughe VET-FEE HELP asịrị nke kpagburu ngalaba mmụta ọrụ aka na Australia site na 2010-2016,  ya na CEO Gerard Brody na-adụ ọdụ Gọọmenti Australia maka mgbanwe na mpaghara asịrị. 

### Akụla akụ
"Akụkụla akụ" bụ otu n'ime ike kacha emetụta nke Center, na-enye ndị Australia ihe mmado iji ọrụ nke ụlọ ruo n'ọnụ ụzọ na ndị na-ere akara na-achọghị.  Mgbasa ozi butere ikpe ikpe ụlọ ikpe Federal nke Australia [1] nke mmepụta ihe mmado "akụla akụ" bụ ɔkwan amanye n'ụzọ iwu yana ire maka ụlọ ọrụ ndị ahụ leghaara ụzọ ndị anya.

### Ụbọchị ịkwụ ụgwọ mgbazinye ego
Onye ọrụ ahụ enweela mgbasa ozi ogologo oge egwuregwu ụlọ ọrụ ịgbazinye ego nke ụbọchị ndị na-ekiri, mgbasa ozi iji webata okpu na ego ndị na-eme ka ụbọchị ịkwụ ụgwọ [1] na ọrụ nke mere ka onye isi ụlọ ọrụ mara ọkwa Australian Securities Exchange .

### Insurance
N'afọ 2016, Centre ahụ ahụ "DemandAREfund.com" [1] [2] akwụkwọ ozi ndekọ na mgbasa ozi iji lụso ire ere akara kredit ndị akara dara ogbenye, ihe gap na akwụkwọ ikike ịgbatị ụgbọ ala ejiri.  Mgbasa ozi a gbasoro ụdị asịrị ahụ na UK gbasara ,Biying site na nhụcha Center na-egosi na a na-ere ndị Australia ihe ụmụaka $ 70m na ​​achụmnta ndịaja "junk" kwa afọ.  [3] na-akpara na-ertile sertemba 2016, nding Australia weepphor na-ezie na-eteampme gbasa gbaser.

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ikike Nri
Usoro Nkwado Nkwado Ọnụahịa Scanner

The Scanner Price Accuracy Code bụ omume afụ ndị Canada ndị na-ere akara nke Kansụl Retail nke Canada na-achịkwa yana ndị ụlọ ọrụ akwụkwọ.  Ewebatara ya na June 2002 : 2 dị ka ndị na-ere aha Canada nọ n'etiti iji ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ koodu na-emelite eji akara akara ha iji "na-egosipụta obi ndị na-enye ahahade" na mgbochi ọhụrụ.  Ọ na-enye ndị na-azụ echere echere maka ihe nlere ọnụ ahịa njikwa ezi

Ndị Retail Council nke Canada mepụtara ya na mmekorita ya na Canadian Association of Chain Drug Stores (ugbu a Neighborhood Pharmacy Association of Canada), Canadian Federation of Independent Grocers na Canadian Council of Grocery Distributors.  : 2 

## Koodu
Koodu a na- alaka ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-ere na-enye ọrụ na mmemme apụta.  Otu n'ime isi ya bụ "Item Free Scanner Policy".  : 3 Ɔ na nkɛntɛnso nke ihe na-egosi ụlọ ezi n'oge ọrụ n'ebe a na-ere ere, onye njikwa ikike ikike maka igbochi;  ọ bụrụ na ọnụ ahịa ahụ ahụ $10, ha na-enweta ya n'efu, ma ọ bụrụ na ọnụ ahịa ihe ngosi ahụ ala $10, onye akara na-enweta mbelata $10.  Ọ bụrụ na onye na-egosi ihe egwuregwu otu n'ime ihe ahụ, nke mbụ na-eguzobe na-eguzo ọtọ, ma ndị ọzọ na-enyo na mmetụta ire ere.  Aha aha ọrụ nwere ike ike nke ebisara na ụlọ ọrụ, na akwụkwọ ozi mgbasa ozi, ma ọ bụ na mgbasa ozi ịntanetị .

Ihe ndị koodu ahụ kpuchiri gụnyere ndị nwe koodu Universal (UPC), koodu ill ihi (PLU), ma ọ bụ koodu barcode ndị ọzọ nke onye na-agụ barcode na-egosi n'ebe ọrụ.  : 2 Usoro ahụ emetụta ihe ndị a na- paying n'otu n'otu (ya bụ, ha mkpado ọrụ ), ihe ndị na-eme ihe atụ ( ,ka ese ), ọgwụ ndenye ọgwụ, na ihe omume mma dị naanị "  n'azụ-na-counter".

### Mkpebi nsogbu
Onye egwuregwu na-enweghi agbaghara na egwu onye na-ere aha nke onye na-azụ maka mgbanwe mgbanwe ntozu ibu ụzọ ụzọ nwa iji onye njikwa ma ọ bụ onye ụlọ ụlọ dozie ya.  Ọ bụrụ na nke a na-atụghị egwu, onye njikwa nwere ike ikike Retail Council of Canada Scanner Price Accuracy Committee na nọmba ekwentị efu iji debanye aha aha.  : 5 Ihe dị ka 92% nke oku kwa awụ 1000 nke kọmitii anabatara ziri ezi.&#x5B; *&#x20;*&#x5D;

## Ntinye aka
Enwere ụdọ, ole na ole na-ekere òkè, mana ha na-anya anya ụlọ akwụkwọ 7,000 na Canada niile, e edi ndị nọ na Quebec nke Iwu Nchedo Ndị ahịa na-ekpuchi.  Otu n'ime ha bụ Best Buy, Canadian Taya, Costco, Giant Tiger, Depot Home, Lawtons, Loblaw Companies, Rona, Safeway, Shoppers Drug Mart, Sobeys, Toys "R" Anyị, na Walmart .

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ikike Nri
Ụlọikpe Ịsọ mpi Australia

Ndị ikpe Asọmpi Ọstrelia bụ ụlọ egwuregwu nke nọọrọ onwe ya, nke ụgwọ III nke Asọmpi na Ndị Ahịa 2010.  [1] Ewebere ụlọ ikpe ahụ n'okpuru Iwu Omume Azụmaahịa 1965 (Cth).  Ndị otu ya bụ ndị ọka ikpe sitere na ndị ikpe Federal nke Australia .  [2] Ndị nne ikpe a na-egosi ikike ikike ọnụ nke Asọmpi Asọmpi na Ndị Ahịa Australia (ACCC) mere

## Ọrụ
Njikọta na nnweta bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke akụ na ụba.  Ọrụ bụ isi nke Ụlọikpe ahụ bụ ịnụ ngwa maka nyocha nke mkpebi ACCC mere, ma nyekwa ya ike:

* nyochaa onyinye ma ọ bụ ọjụjụ nke ACCC na inye ma ọ bụ jụ ikike maka njikọta ma ọ bụ nweta ụlọ ọrụ 
* rụọ ọrụ na ike nke ACCC na-eduzi nyocha dị otú ahụ. 

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ikike Nri
Kansụl Ịsọ mpi Mba

National Competition Council (NCC) bụ ihe na ịhọpụta, nke akwụkwọ IIA na-eche na iwu ndị 2010 akwụkwọ

E hibere NCC na 1995 site na Kansụl nke gọọmentị Australia. Ndị Commonwealth kwadoro, NCC bụ otu mba na-ahụ maka gọọmentị Australia niile.  Ihe mejupụtara NCC bụ ndị kansụl sitere na ngalaba azụmahịa dị iche iche na mpaghara Australia.

## Ọrụ
Ọrụ bụ isi nke NCC bụ ndị na inye nlekọta iwu nke ndị ọrụ ndị ọzọ na-enye site na nọmba nke na-ejide onwe ya, dị ka okporo ụzọ, pipeline gas, na ụgbọ okporo ụzọ.  [1] Nkeji 29B nke iwu na ndị akara 2010 weputara ike na ọrụ ya.

* Ịtụle ọganihu Gọọmenti na-emejuputa mgbanwe mgbanwe
* Ịrụ ọrụ dị ka gọọmentị rịọrọ dị ka nyocha na ndụmọdụ gbasara iwu mgbochi ma ọ bụ nke na-emegide asọmpi, mgbanwe nke ikike ọha, nleba anya ọnụahịa, na nnọpụiche asọmpi.
* Ịkụzi obodo na ime mgbanwe mgbanwe

## Nhazi
Ihe mejupụtara NCC bụ onye isi nchịkwa, Onye isi ala, na ihe ruru ndị kansụl anọ n'otu oge.    Enwere usoro maka ịhọpụta ndị kansụl, ime nzukọ, na igosipụta mmasị site n'aka ndị kansụl. 

### Onye isi oche

* Richard York

### Onye isi ala

* Julie-Anne Schafer

### Ndị ndụmọdụ

* Martin Wallace
* Katrina Groshinski
* Michael Borsky

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ikike Nri
Atụkwasị obi n'ihe omume ụlọ

**Housing action Trusts** (HAT) bụ ụlọ ọrụ ọha na-abụghị ngalaba, hibere iji wulite ụfọdụ ụlọ kansụl kacha daa ogbenye na mpaghara ime obodo England.

E hiwere ntụkwasị obi ụlọ isii n'okpuru Iwu Housing 1988 . Ọ bụ bọọdụ nke osote onye isi ala họpụtara na-elekọta okpu ọ bụla. Ha chọrọ inye nkwekọrịta ọrụ owuwu dịka iwu ịzụrụ ụlọ ọrụ ọha . 

Ihe ntụkwasị obi ụlọ isii ahụ bụ ndị a:

* North Hull HAT bụ onye mbụ malitere, na 1999. 
* Okpu Liverpool kwaturu ụlọ elu 54, wuo ụlọ ọhụrụ n'ala ahụ, ma rụzie mgbidi ụlọ elu 13 ọzọ .  E meriri ya na 2005.
* Stonebridge okpu na Harlesden, Brent, north-west London, bụ onye ikpeazụ mechiri na 2007. 
* Waltham Forest HAT, na-ekpuchi ụlọ ahịa Cathall Road na Leytonstone, Oliver Close estate na Leyton, Boundary Road estate na Walthamstow na Chingford Hall Estate na Chingford . Waltham Forest HAT bufere ala na ụlọ arụpụtara n'obodo ma mechie n'April 2002. Ndị mmekọ Bekee kwaturu ụlọ elu anọ efu. 
* Tower Hamlets HAT dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ London, na-ekpuchi Montieth, Tredegar na Lefevre Walk estates na Bow . Ụlọ ndochi bụ nke òtù nọchiri anya Old Ford Housing Association .
* Castle Vale HAT dị na Birmingham kwaturu ụlọ elu 32 n'otu nnukwu ala na Britain . Castle Vale HAT mechiri na Maachị 2005.

E bu n'obi kee okpu ka ha nwee ndụ dị mkpụmkpụ. Mgbe ha mechara nweghachi ala ha, ndị okpu na-ebufe ndị nwe ụlọ ndị ọzọ nwe nke ụlọ obibi, n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ na-eguzobe otu ụlọ obibi nke obodo bụ nke mechara guzobe otu ụlọ na ndị ọzọ. Ngwongwo na ọrụ ndị fọdụrụ okpu okpu ga-agafe na Mmekọrịta Bekee . 

## Edensibia
Mgbe ha mechara nweghachi ala ha, ndị okpu na-ebufe ndị nwe ụlọ ndị ọzọ nwe nke ụlọ obibi, n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ na-eguzobe otu ụlọ obibi nke obodo bụ nke mechara guzobe otu ụlọ na ndị

## Njikọ mpụga

* Archived Castle Vale Housing Action Trust  
* Stonebridge okpu
Ihe ịrịba ama nke enweghị ihe 2007

The **Indices of deprivation 2007** ( **ID 2007** ) bụ ndenye enweghị aha na obere mpaghara ọkwa, nke British Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) mepụtara ma wepụta ya na 12 June 2007. Ọ na-esote Indices of deprivation 2004 (ID2004) na n'ihi na ọtụtụ n'ime datasets bụ otu ma ọ bụ yiri n'etiti indices, ọ na-enye ohere maka ntụnyere nke ' ikwu na-enweghị' nke mpaghara n'etiti abụọ indices.  Ndekọ ụkọ ego=H-Uru/HL

Ọ bụ ezie na a maara ya dị ka ID2007, ọtụtụ n'ime data sitere na 2005, na ọtụtụ data maka ID2004 sitere na 2001.

Dị ka ID2004 ọ bụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe n'ihi na ọ na-agụnye ọnụọgụ nke ịnweta mpaghara dịka ihe mmewere nke ụkọ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ya kpọmkwem nke ịda ogbenye (site na data na nnata uru ). NJ 2007 dabere n'echiche nke akụkụ dị iche iche nke enweghị ike nke a ga-amata ma tụọ iche. A na-ejikọta ihe ndị a n'otu nha n'ozuzu ya. Index ahụ bụ akụkụ asaa dị iche iche nke ụkọ a na-akpọ Domain Indices.

* **Ego mbata**
* **Ọrụ**
* **Ahụike na nkwarụ**
* **Mmụta, nkà na ọzụzụ**
* **Ihe mgbochi na ụlọ na ọrụ**
* **Ebe obibi**
* **Mpụ**

Enwere ike ịchọta nkọwa ndị ọzọ na ntinye ID2004 .

## Geography
Dị ka ID2004, a na-atụ ID2007 na Mpaghara Super Output Lower Layer ma nwee ike na adịghị ike yiri nke ahụ gbasara akpa ego enweghị atụ. Na mgbakwunye na Mpaghara Mmepụta Super, a na-ewepụta usoro nchịkọta nke ID2007 na ọkwa mpaghara, ọkwa mpaghara na ọkwa Nlekọta Primary Care Trust (PCT).

## Hụkwa

* Ntụkọ Scottish nke ụkọ ọtụtụ (SIMD)
* Ndekọ ụkọ obodo Townsend

## Edensibia
Iwu Nchebe Ego Mba nke 2009

The National Consumer Credit Act 2009 (NCCP Act) bụ iwu ọdụ etiti Australia, nke ewefere na 15 Disemba 2009. Ọ bụrụ na foto 1, 2010 

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ikike Nri
Ihe ịrịba ama nke enweghị ego 2010

***Indices of Deprivation 2010*** (ID 2010) bụ ndenye enweghị atụ na ọkwa mpaghara pere mpe, nke ngalaba Britain maka Communities na Local Government (DCLG) mepụtara wee wepụta ya na 24 Maachị 2011. Ọ na-esote ID2007 na n'ihi na ọtụtụ n'ime datasets bụ otu ma ọ bụ yiri n'etiti indices na-enye ohere ntụnyere nke "nnapụ ikwu" nke mpaghara n'etiti abụọ indices. 

Ọ bụ ezie na a maara ya dị ka ID2010, ọtụtụ n'ime data sitere na 2008.

## Nsonaazụ igodo
thumb| Jaywick, Essex nwere akara IMD kachasị elu na UK.

* Ihe karịrị nde mmadụ 5 bi na mpaghara ndị a na-adịghị mma na England na 2008 na pasent 38 n'ime ha enweghị ego.
* Liverpool, Middlesbrough, Manchester, Knowsley, Obodo Kingston n'elu Hull, Hackney na Tower Hamlets bụ ndị ọchịchị obodo nwere akụkụ kachasị elu nke Super Output Areas (LSOAs) n'etiti ndị a napụrụ na England.
* Pasent 98 nke ndị LSOA na-anapụkarị dị n'obodo mepere emepe mana enwerekwa ego ụkọ n'ofe ime obodo.
* Pasent 56 nke ndị ọchịchị obodo nwere opekata mpe otu LSOA n'ime pasent 10 kacha napụrụ na England.
* Pasent 88 nke LSOA ndị a napụrụ nke ukwuu na 2010 sokwa n'ime ndị a napụrụ na 2007.

Dị ka nchọpụta ahụ si kwuo, ebe kachasị mma na mba ahụ bụ n'ime obodo Jaywick dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri Essex.

## Edensibia
Ndepụta nke Mgbasa Ozi Mgbasa 2000

**Index of Multiple Deprivation 2000** (IMD 2000) gosiri ọkwa nke enweghị mmekọrịta ọha na eze na akụ na ụba n'ofe mpaghara England niile na ọkwa ngalaba, ọmụmụ mba mbụ nke ụdị ya.

A tụlere ụkọ n'ofe mpaghara 8414 dị na mba ahụ, na-eji usoro ndị a:

* Ego mbata
* Ọrụ
* Ahụike
* Agụmakwụkwọ
* Ebe obibi
* Nweta
* Ụbịam nwa

Edebere ọkwa ngalaba n'ime pasentị 10 kacha anapụ na mba ahụ maka ego na enyemaka ndị ọzọ.

Achọpụtara ward ise kacha nwee nsogbu na England bụ:

* 1. Benchill dị na Manchester .
* 2. Kwuo okwu na Liverpool .
* 3. Thorntree na Middlesbrough .
* 4. Everton dị na Liverpool.
* 5. Pallister na Middlesbrough.

Achọpụtara ngalaba ise kacha nta na England bụ:

* 8414. Aldenham East na Hertsmere .
* 8413. Chorleywood West na Osimiri Atọ .
* 8412. Riverhead na Sevenoaks .
* 8411. Hazlemere West na Wycombe .
* 8410. Verulam dị na St Albans .

IMD2000 bụ isiokwu nke ụfọdụ esemokwu, na ihe nrịbama nke ụkọ 2004 gara nke ọma bụ nke gbahapụrụ data ọkwa ward wee gosipụta mpaghara mpaghara pere mpe.

## Edensibia
Òtù Enyi Ndị Ọrụ

**Òtù Enyi nke Labourer** bụ obodo nke Lord Shaftesbury  tọrọ ntọala na United Kingdom na 1830 maka ịkwalite ọnọdụ klaasị ọrụ. Nke a gụnyere nkwalite ikenye ndị ọrụ ala maka "ụlọ ọrụ ugbo"   nke mechara bụrụ mmegharị nke oke,  nke Society kpọsara maka mgbe ọgba aghara Swing nke 1830 gasịrị dị ka "ọgwụgwọ kachasị mma maka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. nsogbu mmekọrịta ọha na eze nke ime obodo".  Ọ bipụtara *akwụkwọ akụkọ Enyi nke Labour*, na 1844 gbanwere aha ya na **Society for Improving the Condition of the Laboring Classes**, na-aghọ ụlọ ọrụ Model mbụ na 1844.

Society nwetara nkwado site n'aka ọtụtụ ndị na-akpa ike n'oge ahụ, gụnyere Montagu Burgoyne, Sir William Miles, Mary Ann Gilbert na Lord Ashley, bụ ndị bụ isi mmetụta n'azụ mgbanwe nke Society n'ime ahụ dị ike karị.  Ọhụrụ Society nwere nkwado nke Queen Victoria, Prince Consort dị ka onyeisi oche na Ashley dị ka onyeisi oche. Onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụ Henry Roberts, nke a kacha mara maka Ụlọ Nzukọ Fishmongers na London .

Na 1959, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ghọrọ **1830 Housing Society**, nke ndị Peabody Trust weghaara na 1965.

## Ụlọ
Ụlọ Roberts mere SICLC ụlọ ọrụ dị elu nke nwere nkwado eze na ihe ngosi na nnukwu ihe ngosi ; Otú ọ dị, imewe ụlọ Roberts na-arụ ọrụ, nke bara uru butere nkatọ na ha dị njọ na adịghị mma. 

* Ụlọ ihe nlereanya, Bagnigge Wells, Pentonville maka ezinụlọ 23, na ụmụ nwanyị 30
* George Street, Bloomsbury, maka ụmụ nwoke 104 na-alụbeghị di
* Streatham Street, Bloomsbury, maka ezinụlọ 48
* 76 Hatton Garden, maka ụmụ nwanyị 57 na-alụbeghị di
* 2 Charles Street, Drury Lane, maka ụmụ nwoke 82 na-alụbeghị di
* Obere ụlọ maka ụmụ nwoke, na King Street, Drury Lane
* Ụlọ ikpe Turner, Hull 

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta nke ụlọ ihe nlereanya dị ugbu a

## Edensibia
ebere ndị Juu gụnyere Frederick Mocatta na Samuel Montagu, iji nye "klas ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ebe obibi dị mma na ahụike na obere ụlọ."  E hiwere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ dị ka ihe gbasara isi obodo nkeonwe, yana isi ego £
Ndị Dị n'Oké Osimiri

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|
***The People of the Abyss*** (1903) bụ akwụkwọ Jack London dere, nke nwere akụkọ mbụ ya banyere ọtụtụ izu o biri na Whitechapel district nke East End nke London na 1902.  London nwara ịghọta ndị na-arụ ọrụ nke mpaghara a na-adịghị mma nke obodo, na-ehi ụra n'ụlọ ọrụ  ma ọ bụ n'okporo ámá, na ịnọ dị ka onye ọbịa na ezinụlọ dara ogbenye. Ọnọdụ ndị o nwetara ma dee banyere ya bụ otu ihe ahụ e mere atụmatụ na ihe dị ka 500,000 nke ndị ogbenye London nọ n'oge a diri.

## Ihe mbụ na ihe nketa
Enweela ọtụtụ akụkọ gara aga banyere ọnọdụ mkpọmkpọ ụlọ na England, ọkachasị *Ọnọdụ nke Klas na-arụ ọrụ na England* (1845) nke Friedrich Engels dere. Ọtụtụ dabere na isi mmalite ndị ọzọ, n'adịghị ka akaụntụ nke London. Mgbasa ozi nke oge a maka akwụkwọ ahụ jiri ya tụnyere ihe na-akpali akpali nke Jacob Riis *Olee otú ọkara ndị ọzọ si ebi ndụ* (1890), bụ nke dekọrọ ndụ na mkpọmkpọ ebe nke New York City na 1880s. 

George Orwell sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ *ndị mmadụ nke Abyss*, nke ọ gụrụ n'oge ọ dị afọ iri na ụma. N'afọ ndị 1930, ọ malitere igbanwe onwe ya dị ka onye na-adịghị mma ma mee njem nlegharị anya na mpaghara dara ogbenye na London. Enwere ike ịhụ mmetụta nke *The People of the Abyss* na *Down na Out na Paris na London* na *Ụzọ Wigan Pier* . 

N'ịtụle akwụkwọ maka *Daily Express*, onye nta akụkọ na onye nchịkọta akụkọ Bertram Fletcher Robinson dere na ọ ga-esi ike ịchọta olu na-akụda mmụọ karị. 

## Nkọwa okwu
Mgbe London dere akwụkwọ ahụ, okwu ahụ bụ " Abyss ", na nkọwa ya nke Hell, bụ nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na-ezo aka na ndụ ndị ogbenye bi n'obodo ukwu. Ọ pụtara na HG Wells 'ewu ewu 1901 akwụkwọ *Anticipations* ọtụtụ ugboro, yana nkebi ahịrịokwu "Ndị nke abis",  nke ọ ga-eji ọzọ n'Isi nke 3 nke *Mankind in the Making* (1903). Na 1907 London jiri okwu ahụ bụ "ndị abyss" na *The Iron Heel*,  ọrụ nke akụkọ ifo sayensị dystopian nke edobere na United States. 

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ

* Rees, Rosemary; Shephard, Colin, "OCR Ihe Ọmụmụ Ihe omimi nke Britain 1906-1918: Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Mgbanwe nke Britain", London : Hodder Murray, Jan 23, 2002,  Ntụaka - Page 10 Isi mmalite 4

## Hụkwa

* *Victorian Slum House*, usoro BBC gbasara ihe ntụrụndụ ọgbara ọhụrụ nke ebe mkpọda ụlọ na ndị bi na East End nke London.

## Edensibia
mmalite ndị ọzọ, n'adịghị ka akaụntụ nke London. Mgbasa ozi nke oge a maka akwụkwọ ahụ jiri ya tụnyere ihe na-akpali akpali
*
*Online text of the 1903 edition  of *The People of the Abyss*, with illustrations
Ụlọikpe obibi nke New South Wales

Residential Tribunal nke New South Wales bụ ụlọ ikpe nwere ikike ime ihe gbasara ụlọ na New South Wales.  Ọ nọchiri Residential Tenancies Tribunal nke New South Wales (ihe mbụ ikpe mbụ) na 1 Maachị 1999

A kagburu ụlọ ikpe ahụ na ndị Consumer, Trader na Tenancy Tribunal nke New South Wales mechara biri ụlọ ikpe ahụ na 25 February 2002

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
E hiwere ndị ikpe mbụ a n'okpuru Residential Tenancies Act 1987 (NSW) dị ka òtù na-edozi ngwaọrụ mbụ maka ụlọ obibi na New South Wales.  N'ịgbaso egwuregwu nke ụlọ ikpe ndị ọzọ n'okpuru Pọtụfoliyo nke Department of Fair Trading of New South Wales (dị ka ndịikpe Azụmahịa, Ndị na-azụikpe ego Ndị ahịa, Ndị Ikpe Esemokwu ndị ji ụgwọ na ndị na-eje ozi na-ahụ Maka Esemokwu Mmezi na-ala ), yana cha cha.  n'ime ụlọ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.  mbụ ikpe, a kagburu mbụ ikpe ma nsogbu a ikpe.

Ntụleghachi ahụ kwubiri na ego na iwu dịka ụlọ ikpe mbụ ike ọrụ na ngalaba ndị ekere.  Ezi ikpe ọhụrụ ahụ ga-enwekwa ikike iji duzie ikpe n'ihu otu onye ma ọ bụ mebe panel multimember dabere n'ogo ikike anya ma ọ bụ abụ okwu a na-ese okwu.  ikpe ahụ ga-enwekwa usoro ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe ma nwee ikike imeghari usoro ya iji kwekọọ n'esemokwu dị n'ihu ya.

## Ọdịdị na ikike
E hiwere ụlọ ikpe a n'okpuru Residential Tribunal Act 1998 (NSW) .  Ọ nwere ikike n'okpuru Community Land Management Act 1989 (NSW), Residential Parks Act 1998 (NSW), Residential Tenancies Act 1987 (NSW), Retirement Villages Act 1999 (NSW) na Strata Schemes Management Act 1996 (NSW) .

Ụlọ ikpe ahụ ga-eji obere usoro na nka na ụzụ mee ihe omume na njem dị ukwuu dịka ihe achọrọ n'okwu a jụrụ. Iwu nke akaebe ejighị ụlọ ikpe ahụ. Mkpebi esemokwu ọzọ ga-abụ ihe dị mkpa na-elekwasị anya na ọrụ ụlọ ikpe.

Ndị otu nwere ike ịpụta n'onwe ha, a naghị anabata ndị nnọchi anya iwu ma ọ bụrụ na ụlọ ikpe nyere ikike ime ya. Agbanyeghị, onye nwe ụlọ nwere ike ịnwe onye na-elekọta ụlọ na-abịa na nnọchite ha.

Enwere ikike ikike na ngalaba iwu n'aka ndị ikpe Kasị Elu nke New South Wales

## Ndị otu
Ụlọ ikpe ahụ nwere onye isi oche, osote onye isi oche ma ọ bụ osote onye isi oche, ndị isi oche, na ndị otu ndị ọzọ dịka achọrọ. Onye isi oche nwekwara ike ịhọpụta ndị nyocha dịka ọ dị mkpa.

## Ndị isi oche

* Amaghị

## Ntụaka

* Okwu Ọgụgụ nke Abụọ na mmalite nke Residential Tribunal Act 1998 nke Hon Jeff Shaw, NSW Legislative Council, 1 Disemba 1998.
Onye Nche nke Nwoke Ogbenye

***Onye Ogbenye The Guardian*** bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ penny kwa izu nke Henry Hetherington bipụtara na London, England site na Julaị 1831 ruo Disemba 1835.

Hetherington bipụtara ya *Onye Ogbenye Onye Nchebe*, onye nọchiri ya na mbụ (1830–31) penny kwa ụbọchị *Penny Papers for the People*, dị ka ihe ịma aka zuru oke nye ikike. Ebipụtara ya na ọnụ ala penny kwa izu kwa izu nwere isiokwu doro anya: Ebipụtara megidere 'iwu' iji nwalee ike 'ike' megide 'ziri ezi'. 

Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ nọchiri anya ọgụ megide nsonaazụ nke Ọrụ isii nke 1819, nke Tories nyere iwu. Ọrụ ndị ahụ bu n'obi ịlụso ndị nta akụkọ nweere onwe ha ọgụ, a na-ahụta dị ka onye nnọchianya nke oge radicalism site na 1816, nke gara n'ihu ruo 1820. Ha tinyere akwụkwọ nrịbama stampụ (ụtụ isi); akwụkwọ niile na-apụta na ihe na-erughị nkeji iri abụọ na isii ga-ebu stampụ gọọmentị na azụmaahịa na 7 d (3p) nke ọ bụla. *Onye nlekọta nke ogbenye nwoke* nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na mkpebi nke gọọmentị Whig nke Lord Melbourne iwetu ụtụ isi ruo n'ókè ebe akwụkwọ akụkọ nwere ike ịzụ ahịa na 4d (1.5p).

Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ kwuru na stampụ akwụkwọ akụkọ bụ ụtụ isi na ihe ọmụma ; o nwere isi okwu pụtara ' Ihe ọmụma bụ ike '. Akwụkwọ Hetherington nwere nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma wee nweta ahịa nke mbipụta 15,000 kwa izu na mba ahụ niile n'agbanyeghị na ọ dabere na London. Bronterre O'Brien, mechara bụrụ onye na-enye aka mgbe niile na *Northern Star*, deziri *onye nchekwa nke ogbenye nwoke* site na 1832.

## Edensibia
pụtara ' Ihe ọmụma bụ ike '. Akwụkwọ Hetherington nwere nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma wee nweta ahịa nke mbipụta 15,000 kwa izu

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

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