Michael Bolus

A mụrụ ya na South Africa, **Michael Edward Bolus** bụ onye na-ese ihe na onye nkuzi nke biri na England n'afọ 1957 wee gụọ akwụkwọ na St Martin's School of Art site na 1958 ruo 1962, na-amụ ihe n'okpuru Anthony Caro. Mgbe o biri obere oge na Cape Town, ọ laghachiri London na 1964 iji malite ọrụ nkuzi na St Martin na Central School of Art and Design. Bolus nwere ihe ngosi nke mbụ ya na UK na Waddington Galleries na 1968, nke gosipụtara ọtụtụ ihe ọkpụkpụ ya kemgbe ahụ.

nwa akwụkwọ, a na-emepụta ma ọ bụ kpụọ ọrụ mbụ ya na nkume, mana n'oge na-adịghị anya, Bolus hapụrụ usoro ọdịnala ndị a iji jiri ígwè na aluminum rụọ ọrụ, ihe ndị nyere ya ohere ịchọpụta echiche nke nguzozi na ndọtị nke ọdịdị nke masịrị ya ogologo oge. Maka ihe ngosi Ọgbọ Ọhụrụ na 1965 ọ gosipụtara usoro ihe osise polychromatic na-ewere ụdị ọdịdị na-enweghị atụ nke e wepụrụ na aluminum, tinye ya n'ala ma ọ bụ guzo n'akụkụ. Ezigbo ihe atụ nke otu ọrụ a bụ, Bowbend, 1964.

N'afọ 1966, Bolus sonyere na ngosi "Primary Structures" na ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie ndị Juu na New York. N'otu afọ ahụ, e nyere ya ihe ngosi mbụ ya na America na Kornblee Gallery. N'afọ ndị 1970 ihe ọkpụkpụ ya hapụrụ ala, na-aghọwanye nkewa ma na-eji ihe owuwu lattice na grid-dị ka nke na-egbochi ike ndọda, dị ka Sculpture No. 3, 1973 na Untitled, 1984.

Bolus so n'ọgbọ nke ndị na-ese ihe nke ọrụ nke Julio González na Pablo Picasso mere kpaliri ma David Smith na Anthony Caro gaa n'ihu. Ọrụ nke ndị a na-ese ihe jụrụ oghere ahụ ma kwado ọrụ ahụ dị ka akụkụ nke ụwa kama ịpụ na ya. Ọ mụụrụ David Annesley, Tim Scott, William G. Tucker, Phillip King na Isaac Witkin. Ndị a na-ese ihe dọtara uche zuru oke na ngosi Ọgbọ Ọhụrụ na Whitechapel gallery nke London na 1965.

Bolus rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-enyere Anthony Caro aka n'oge niile ọ na-arụ ọrụ ma bụrụ onye a na-ele anya nke ọma maka ikike ya iji ihe siri ike dịka ọla edo na ọla ọcha mee ihe.

## Ihe ngosi ndị a họọrọ

### Ihe ngosi otu

* 2019 Ihe ndị dị ịtụnanya: Ihe osise Britain 1950 ugbu a, PalaisPopulaire, Berlin
* 2017-18 Kaleidoscope: Agba na usoro na 1960s British Art
* 2008 Ọgbọ ọhụrụ laghachiri: ihe osise Britain site na afọ iri isii na iri asaa, ụtụ nye Bryan Robertson na Whitechapel New Art Centre, Salisbury (England)
* 2005 Metamorphosis: British Art of the Sixties, Museum of Contemporary Art of the Basil and Elise Goulandris Foundation, Chora Andros, Greece
* 1999 Ebe nka ọgbara ọhụrụ Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation Calouste gulbenkian Linhas de Sombra Center of Modern Art Calouste Gilbenkian, Lisbon
* 1983 Skulptur und Farbe 4. Bremer Skulpturenausstellung na-akọwapụta ihe na-eme n'oge a.V. Bremen, Bremen
* 1979 Ihe osise nke oge a site na Collection ŌMA ŌM Museum of Modern Art, New York City, NY
* 1975 Ọnọdụ nke ihe a tụrụ atụ nke Hayward Gallery, London (England)
* 1968 Ihe osise ọhụrụ nke Britain nke Arnolfini, Bristol (England)
* 1966 Ihe owuwu ndị bụ isi: Ihe osise ndị America na ndị Britain na-eto eto The Jewish Museum of New York City, NY
* 1965 Ọgbọ Ọhụrụ Whitechapel Gallery London.

### Ihe ngosi otu onye

* Òtù nka South Africa, Cape Town, 1964
* Waddington Galleries, London, 7 Septemba 1965 2 Ọktoba 1965
* Ụlọ ngosi Kornblee, New York, 1966
* Waddington Galleries, London, March, 1968
* Waddington Galleries, London, 12 Jenụwarị - 7 Febụwarị 1970
* Waddington Galleries, London, March 3, 1971
* Waddington Galleries, London, 30 Septemba - 25 Ọktoba 1975
* Ụlọ ngosi nka nke New South Wales, Sydney, 7 Ọgọst 1999 24 Ọktoba 1999

## Nchịkọta

* Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation Museum nke aha ya bụ Calouste gulbenkian foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
* Ụlọ ngosi nka nke New South Wales, Australia
* Tate Gallery, London
* Kansụl nka, London
* National Gallery of Art, Washington
* mumok, Vienna
* MoMa
* Ebe ngosi nka nke Fine Arts, Boston

## Ebensidee

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ndị na-ese ihe
* Ekele