Marcella Balconi

**Marcella Balconi** (8 Febụwarị 1919 - 5 Febụwarụ 1999) bụ onye Itali na-agwọ ọrịa uche, onye otu nnupụisi n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ndị omeiwu. Ọ bụ onye ọsụ ụzọ n'omume nke Nnyocha uche ụmụaka na Ịtali.

Balconi debanyere aha na Faculty of Medicine nke Mahadum Pavia ma mara ọrụ ya n'ọdịnihu mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ, n'oge ezumike, ya na nna ya bụ dọkịta na ụlọ ọgwụ dị nso.

N'afọ 1943, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụike wee soro dọkịta na dọkịta ụmụaka Pietro Fornara (1897- 1975), onye ọsụ ụzọ n'ọhịa nke ụmụaka na-emetụta uche nakwa onye na-emegide ndị Fascist na onye isi nke òtù nnupụisi na Novara, Ịtali.

N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ọ hapụrụ ọnọdụ ya dị ka onye inyeaka na Institute of Biological Chemistry na Pavia na 1944 iji sonyere ndị na-eguzogide. Ọ ghọrọ onye nyocha ahụike maka nguzogide yana, ya na nwa nwanne ya na onye edemede n'ọdịnihu Maria Elvira Berrini, Balconi sonyeere ndị Nguzogide Ịtali dị ka dọkịta na-arụ ọrụ na Garibaldi Brigades, nke mbụ na Valtellina na Turin. Dị ka akụkụ nke ọrụ ya, e nyere ya ndepụta nke ndị nkịtị Ịtali bụ ndị ndị Nazi gburu. Ndepụta ahụ gụnyekwara foto na ozi gbasara ọnwụ nke "ọtụtụ ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma na ụmụaka: n'ọnọdụ ahụ dị egwu, o wepụtara onwe ya ime ihe niile iji zọpụta ụmụaka."[2].

### Onye Nnyocha
Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, o nyere aka hazie ọrụ psychiatric nke ụlọ ọgwụ ọrụ ebere na Novara nyere. Balconi jere ozi dị ka osote onye isi nke National Motherhood and Childhood Work (ONMI) site na 1945 ruo 1948 ma hazie mgbalị nyocha dị ka ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ French na Switzerland ọ hụrụ.[1] N'afọ 1950, ọ tụrụ aro ka a mụọ ọmụmụ ọhụrụ na Ịtali site n'iji nyocha nke L. Verlag Hans Huber Düss mepụtara na Switzerland, bụ nke ndị nchọpụta nyochara ihe osise nke ụmụaka na-egosi mmeghachi omume ha na akụkọ Düss.

N'oge ọrụ ya, ọbụlagodi na ngwụcha afọ 1970, Balconi mere ka ndị ọrụ ibe ya ndị Ịtali mara ọrụ nke Nnyocha uche ụmụaka ma jiri ya zụọ ndị ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ahụike. Ọ ghọkwara usoro nyocha dị mma na Ịtali. N'ime nke a, ọ kwadoro echiche nke onye nchọpụta Poland Esther Bick (1901-1983), ọ nwetakwara nkwado dị ka otu n'ime "ndị na-ebute ụzọ na neuropsychiatry ụmụaka nke Ịtali". 

### Onye omeiwu
N'oge ndụ ya niile, Balconi lekwasịrị anya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Ịtali, na-ede,... site na mbido enwere m nkwenye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nkwenye ahụike. Anọ m na-agbalị mgbe niile ijikọta nkwa abụọ a. Enwere njikọ n'etiti nhọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, mmasị na ụfọdụ ọkwa ọha na eze na ọrụ m. A họpụtara ya na kansụl mpaghara na-anọchite anya Òtù Ndị Kọmunist Ịtali (PCI) na 1946. Na 1963, a họpụtara ya na nzuko omeiwu Ịtali, Chamber of Deputies, nọ ọdụ na kọmitii na-ahụ maka ịdị ọcha na ahụike, na-anọchite anya ógbè Turin, Italy. O ji ohere a depụta iwu iji gbanwee usoro ụlọ ọgwụ, bụ nke e debere na 1968 site n'enyemaka nke minista Luigi Mariotti.[1].

N'ime afọ ise ọ nọrọ na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu nke Ịtali, o wepụtara ngụkọta nke iwu iri abụọ na abụọ nke ise n'ime ha ghọrọ iwu, gụnyere Iwu 2185 nke 13 Machị 1965, *Nchebe nke ahụike uche na enyemaka uche.*

### Ndụ onwe onye
A mụrụ ya na 8 Febụwarị 1919 na Romagnano Sesia n'ebe ugwu Ịtali, nwa nwanyị nke dọkịta Giuseppe Balconi.

Although Balconi resigned in 1980 as director of the Child Neuropsychiatry Service of the Novara hospital (Ospedale Maggiore), she remained professionally active until her death on 5 February 1999 at 79 years of age.

## Ndị otu
A na-ewere ya dị ka "Onye ọsụ ụzọ nke Child Psychoanalysis na Ịtali", a maara ya nke ọma n'ọhịa ya.

* Onye guzobere Ngalaba Nlekọta Ọrịa Uche nke Ụmụaka mbụ na Piedmont
* Onye guzobere Italian Society of Child Neuropsychiatry (SINPI) 
* Onye guzobere Italian Society of Psychoanalysis (SIP) 
* Onye otu nkịtị na onye nkuzi nke World Society of Psychoanalysis

## Ọrụ ndị a họọrọ

* M. Balconi, Ụmụaka Difficult, "Abnormal childhood," n. 1, 1953, peeji nke 20-29&nbsp;
* M. Balconi, Ihe osise ahụ metụtara akụkọ ifo nke Düss, "Abnormal childhood," n. 3, 1953, pp. 432-480&nbsp;
* M. Balconi, ME Berrini, Diagnosis of structure in child psychiatry, "Abnormal childhood," n. 23, 1957
* M. Balconi, ME Berrini, Usoro nhazi ọnụ ọgụgụ. Nkọwa mbụ: njikọ dị n'etiti "ihe odide onwe onye" na ụfọdụ ihe mesological na ihe nketa, n. 23, 1957, "Nwatakịrị na-adịghị mma," n. 23, 1957
* M. Balconi, ME Berrini, Statistical-clinical nnyocha na otu ìgwè nke ụmụaka 1000 kọrọ maka ihe isi ike n'ịgbaso ụlọ akwụkwọ. Akụkụ nke mbụ, "Abnormal childhood," n. 25, 1958, peeji nke 42-89&nbsp;
* M. Balconi, ME Berrini, Statistical-clinical nnyocha na otu ìgwè nke ụmụaka 1000 kọrọ maka ihe isi ike n'ịgbaso ụlọ akwụkwọ. Akụkụ nke abụọ, "Abnormal childhood," n. 28, 1958, peeji nke 411-463&nbsp;
* M. Balconi, ME Berrini, Statistical-clinical nnyocha na otu ìgwè nke ụmụaka 1000 kọrọ maka ihe isi ike n'ịgbaso ụlọ akwụkwọ. Akụkụ nke atọ, "Abnormal childhood," n. 30, 1959, peeji nke 42-92&nbsp;
* M. Balconi, ME Berrini, Statistical-clinical nnyocha na otu ìgwè nke ụmụaka 1000 kọrọ maka ihe isi ike n'ịgbaso ụlọ akwụkwọ. Akụkụ nke Anọ, "Abnormal Childhood," n. 32, 1959, peeji nke 309-333&nbsp;
* M. Balconi, ME Berrini, On school maladjustment in the first grade. Akụkụ nke ise. Ihe odide mmechi, "Abnormal childhood," n. 36, 1960, peeji nke 7-42&nbsp;
* M. Balconi na G. Del Carlo Giannini, Ahụmahụ ndị dị mkpa na mmepe mmadụ. Nnyocha banyere ihe osise ụmụaka, na Psychology and Personality, nke LM Lorenzetti dezigharịrị, Milan, Franco Angeli, 1995
* M. Balconi, Listening to the child: images, stories, fantasies, na mmekorita nke ME Berrini na F. Fornari, nke R. Dionigi dezigharịrị, Cesena, The old bridge, 1999

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] *M ga-echeta ihe a na-akpọ nascita. Reti di tom da dalia gravidanza alla genitorialità (Rethinking birth. Nkwado netwọk site na ime ruo nne na nna) * (n'asụsụ Italian). Edizioni Pendragon. peeji nke 11-13. ISBN .&nbsp; &nbsp;
Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations