Chevra kadisha

Okwu ahụ bụ ***chevra kadisha*** (Hibru: ,  ḥeb̲rā qaddišā)  nwetara echiche ọgbara ọhụrụ nke "ọha mmadụ ili ozu" na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu. Ọ bụ otu ndị Juu na-ahụ na a kwadebere ozu ndị Juu nwụrụ anwụ maka ili dịka omenala ndị Juu si dị ma chebe ha pụọ ​​​​na mmerụ ahụ, ma ọ bụ n'amaghị ama ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị, ruo mgbe e liri ha. Ihe abụọ dị mkpa bụ igosi nkwanye ùgwù kwesịrị ekwesị maka ozu, na ịsacha ahụ na iyi uwe maka ili ozu mgbe e mesịrị.. A na-akpọkarị ya òtù olili ozu n'asụsụ Bekee.

## Okwu mmalite
N'asụsụ Rabbinic na nke oge a, a ga-ede "ọha mmadụ dị nsọ" חבורה קדושה (ḥavurā qəḏošā), ebe n'asụsụ Aramaic, ọ ga-abụ חבורתא קדישתא (ḥavurtā qaddištā). Chevra qadisha nwere usoro okwu doro anya. A na-egosi okwu Aramaic mbụ na Yekum Purkan na akwụkwọ Machzor Vitry nke narị afọ nke 13, mana a naghị eji ya eme ihe ọzọ n'akwụkwọ ruo mgbe ọ nwetara echiche ọgbara ọhụrụ nke "ọha mmadụ ili" na narị afọ nke 19. Okwu Hibru ahụ tupu oge a ma ama ya ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ. Okwu a dị ugbu a bụ ikekwe ntụgharị okwu nke mkpọpụta Ashkenazic nke nsụgharị Hibru, nke a ghọtahiere dị ka ahịrịokwu Aramaic, ya mere, e ji yodh na aleph dee ya..

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
thumb|Ihe nrite Chevra kadisha site na 1876, n'oge afọ 200 nke chevra kadisha nke Gailingen. Na nchịkọta nke Jewish Museum of Switzerland.
Eliezer Ashkenazi guzobere òtù ili ozu ndị Juu nke oge a na 1564, na-eṅomi òtù ndị Kraịst, Judah Loew dekwara iwu ya. 

The chevra kadisha became more fully developed in 17th century Italy, where the Italian kabbalist Aaron Berechiah ben Moses published the important chevra guide *Maavor Yabbok* ["Crossing the Jabbok"] in 1626, which describes both how to care for the sick and dying and how to conduct death rituals. Likewise, Simon Frankfurter's *Sefer Hahayiim,* published in Amsterdam in 1702 and 1716, remains an important text defining the work of the chevra kadisha.  A set of paintings produced by or for the Prague chevra kadisha around 1780 shows each step of the process and other aspects of the group’s work, like visiting the sick.

Ọ bụ ezie na òtù ili ozu bụ, na Europe, n'ozuzu ọrụ obodo, na United States, ọ ghọwo ihe a na-ahụkarị maka òtù ndị ụlọ nzukọ ndị agbata obi. Na ngwụcha narị afọ nke 19 na mmalite narị afọ nke 20, e guzobere òtù ili ozu dị ka landsmanshaftn (òtù enyemaka) na United States. Ụfọdụ landsmanshaftn bụ òtù ili ozu, ebe ndị ọzọ nwere onwe ha na òtù ili oju ọdịnala. E nwere 20,000 dị otú ahụ landsmanshaftn na US n'otu oge.

Taa, a maliteghachiri mmasị n'ọrụ nke chevra kadishas na obodo ndị Juu na-abụghị ndị Ọtọdọks.  

### Nchịkọta ihe ndekọ
Ndị na-eli ozu n'obodo ndị dị na Europe tupu Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ nọgidere na-enwe Pinkas Klali D"Chevra Kadisha (ntụgharị: akwụkwọ ndekọ nke Chevra Kadisha); e ji aka dee ụfọdụ n'asụsụ Yiddish, ndị ọzọ n'asụsụ Hibru.

## Ọrụ Chevra kadisha
Chevra kadishas na-etinye aka n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ilekọta ndị dị ndụ na ndị na-anwụ anwụ. Ndị otu chevra kadisha nwere ike itinye aka na . Mgbe mmadụ nwụsịrị, ọha mmadụ nwekwara ike inye  iji chebe onwe ya pụọ na ịnapụ ozu, nje, ma ọ bụ imerụ ruo mgbe a ga-eli ya. N'obodo ụfọdụ, ndị mmadụ na-eme nke a bụ ndị nọ nso na ndị nwụrụ anwụ ma ọ bụ site na *shomrim* a kwụrụ ụgwọ site n'ụlọ olili ozu. N'otu oge, ihe ize ndụ nke izuru ozu ahụ bụ ihe dị adị; n'oge a, elekere aghọwo ụzọ isi sọpụrụ onye nwụrụ anwụ. Chevra kadisha na-ejikwa ememe nkwadebe nke ozu maka olili ozu. Na mgbakwunye, ọtụtụ ndị na-eli ozu na-akwadokwa ezinụlọ n'oge *Shiva* (izu iru uju omenala) site na ịhazi ozi ekpere, nri na ihe ndị ọzọ. 

Ọrụ pụrụ iche nke ndị na-eli ozu bụkwa ilekọta ndị nwụrụ anwụ na-enweghị onye ikwu. A na-akpọ ha met mitzvah (מת מצוה "ozu mitzvah"), ebe ilekọta met mitzvah karịrị iwu ọ bụla ọzọ dị mma (mitzvat aseh), nke na-egosi na Torah na-akwanyere ndị nwụrụ anwụ ùgwù nke ukwuu.

## Usoro ime ka a dị ọcha
Ndị otu ahụ na-ahụ maka mmeso dị ùgwù nke onye nwụrụ anwụ na-agbaso iwu, omenala, na ọdịnala ndị Juu. N'ụzọ a na-adịghị ahụkebe, ebe ọ bụ na e nwere obere halacha na-akọwa usoro ahụ, minhag na-akọwakarị ọtụtụ ọrụ, obodo na-azụlite ụfọdụ omume nke ha.

Ụmụ nwoke na-akwadebe ahụ ụmụ nwoke; ụmụ nwanyị na-akwunye nke ụmụ nwanyị. Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ ndị na-abụghị ndị Ọtọdọks chevra kadishas na-enye ohere ka ndị otu nwoke na nwanyị. Ụfọdụ chevra kadishas emepụtala iwu maka ịkwadebe ahụ nke ndị na-ekwekọghị na okike nke nwekwara ike ịhapụ omume ọdịnala nke okike.

*Tahara* na-akọwa n'ezie otu akụkụ nke usoro atọ, mana a na-eji ya eme ihe n'ụzọ sara mbara dị ka metonym maka ọrụ niile metụtara ya. A na-emekarị emume ahụ n'emeghị mkpọtụ, ma e wezụga maka ikwughachi ekpere ndị a kapịrị ọnụ.

A na-ebu ụzọ sachaa ahụ nke ọma site na unyi, mmiri na ihe siri ike, na ihe ọ bụla ọzọ nwere ike ịdị na akpụkpọ ahụ, usoro a na-akpọ *rechitzah*. A na-emezi ka ahụ a sachara sachaa dị ọcha site na imikpu n'ime mikvah ma ọ bụ mmiri na-aga n'ihu na-asọpụta site na bọket, site n'isi n'elu ahụ dum, usoro a na-akpọ *taharah*. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na e ji ọbara kpuchie ozu onye nwụrụ anwụ site na ọbara ọgbụgba metụtara ihe kpatara ọnwụ ma ọ bụ nke a na-adọta mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, a naghị asa ahụ ya, n'ikwekọ na nkwenye banyere mkpa ili akụkụ niile nke ahụ. Tụkwasị na nke a, a na-echekwa ihe ọ bụla e wepụrụ n'ahụ mgbe a na-ehicha ya - ntutu, akpụkpọ ahụ, mbọ ndị e wepụrụ - ma lie ya na onye nwụrụ anwụ.

Ozugbo a sachara ahụ, a na-eyi ozu ahụ n'usoro *halbashah*. Onye nwụrụ anwụ na-eyi *tachrichim*, ma ọ bụ ákwà mkpuchi, nke uwe muslin ma ọ bụ flax ọcha nke nwere akụkụ iri maka nwoke na iri na abụọ maka nwanyị, nke bụ otu maka onye Juu ọ bụla ma na-echetara uwe ndị Nnukwu Onye Nchụàjà nke Israel. Ọ bụrụ na onye ahụ nwụrụ anwụ yi tallit, a na-etinye ya n'ahụ ya ma bepụ otu akụkụ.

Ozugbo e kpuchiri ozu ahụ, a na-etinye ya n'ime igbe ozu ahụ. Enwere ike itinye iberibe ite ndị a na-ejighị n'aka n'elu anya na ọnụ na ala, mgbe mgbe site na Israel, na-awụsa ahụ. A na-emechi igbe ozu ahụ. Ndị otu ahụ na-arịọ onye ahụ nwụrụ anwụ mgbaghara maka njehie ọ bụla ma ọ bụ omume enweghị nkwanye ùgwù n'amaghị ama.

Maka olili ozu na Ala Nsọ (gụnyere Israel nke oge a), a naghị eji igbe ozu mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe ili ozu. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na a ga-ebuga ozu ahụ na mba ụwa maka olili ozu na Israel, a chọrọ igbe ozu nke ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọelu kwadoro, dị ka ọ dị, n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, ịgbasi ozu.

## Ihe omume ndị ọzọ
Ọtụtụ òtù olili ozu na-enwe otu ụbọchị ma ọ bụ abụọ kwa afọ ma na-ahazi oge ọmụmụ ihe mgbe niile iji nọgide na-enwe ihe ndị dị mkpa nke Iwu ndị Juu. A na-emekarị ihe omume ndị dị otú ahụ na nke asaa nke Adar, ụbọchị ọnwụ Mozis. N'ihi na Chineke liri Mozis, ọdịnala na-ekwu, ụbọchị ahụ bụ "ụbọchị ezumike" maka chevra kadisha.

* Asra Kadisha
* Chesed Shel Emes
* Ebe a na-eli ozu Chevra Kaddisha, Sacramento
* Òtù Ndị Hibru Na-eli Ozu n'Ebe Na-enweghị Ụgwọ
* Landsmanshaft
* Misaskim
* ZAKA

## Ihe odide
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## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* Chesed Shel Emet: The Truest Act of Kindness, Rabbi Stuart Kelman, October, 2000, EKS Publishing Co. E debere ya na December 18, 2006, na Wayback Machine,  . 
* A Plain Pine Box: A Return to Simple Jewish Funerals and Eternal Traditions, Rabbi Arnold M. Goodman, 1981, 2003, KTAV Publishing House,  . 
* Tahara Manual of Practices gụnyere Halacha Decisions of Hagaon Harav Moshe Feinstein, zt'l, Rabbi Mosha Epstein, 1995, 2000, 2005.

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Chesed Shel Emes
* Chevra Kadisha Ọnwụ
* Kavod v'Nichum: Ememe olili ozu, olili ozuzo, na iru uju ndị Juu
* KavodHameis.org - Chevra Kadisha Training Videos
* Chevra Kadisha nke Florida: Nkewa nke Chabad nke North Dade
* Mmụta Ndị Juu m: Chevra Kadisha, ma ọ bụ Jewish Burial Society
* National Association of Chevra Kadisha Official Website
Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations