Betsy Graves Reyneau

Betsy Graves Reyneau (1888-1964 [1] ) bụ onye na-ese ihe America, mara amara usoro ụzọ nke ndị America ama ama maka ihe ngosi “Portraits of Outstanding Americans of Negro Origin” nke, ya na ndị Laura Wheeler Waring na  n'okpuru Harmon Foundation, gara United States site na 1944 ruo 1954. Otu nwa nke Michigan Supreme Court Justice Benjamin F. Graves, ndị oche Reyneau akpọ Mary McLeod Bethune, George Washington Carver, Joe Louis, na Thurgood Marshall .  [2] Eserese Reyneau nke Carver, bụ onye ama ama, bụ onye mbụ n'ime onye akwụkwọ batara na mkpokọta mba America.

.Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ngosi na "Portraits of America sere ìhè" dị na nchịkọta nke National Portrait Gallery of Smithsonian Institution na Washington DC

## Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
Ụlọ Betsy Graves na 1888 na Battle Creek, Michigan ma ọ bụ Detroit.  N'ịbụ onye nna ya dara mbà n'obi ọmịiko onye na-ese ihe n'ihi na ọ bụ ihe na-ahụta ndị maka, Graves mebiri njikọ ya na-achọta iji ọrụ ahụ.  -aga Akwụkwọ nke Museum of Fine Arts, Boston ebe ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ n'okpuru ebe a.  Fred Duvesack.

## Ọrụ
Reyneau bụ onye na-achị achị;  ọta, na 1917, otu n'ime ụmụ nchoputa mbụ e jidere ma ike ya fim maka ịgbagha ikike Woodrow Wilson ikike njirimara vootu ụmụ anụmanụ. 

 E mechara họpụta ya site na Ụlọikpe Circuit nke Detroit, n'amaghị ama na ezinụlọ ya ndị na-akpakọrịtaghị ya n'oge ahụ, ka ha see ihe osise nke nna nna ya, Michigan Supreme Court Justice Benjamin F. Graves.  O bido ihe onyonyo a ma ejighi aha ya binye aka na ya dika ndi Michigan Artists nke o bu ụzọ gosi ya, agaghị ekwe ka ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị rụọ.  Nna ya, onye gosipụtara ihe osise ahụ, amaghịkwa na ọ bụ nwa ya nwanyị sere ya

Ihe ngosi mbụ nke Reyneau na New York City bụ na 1922, na Upper West Side, ebe o nke ihe ọrụ a n'etiti ndị ọzọ wee nweta ohere na New York Times .  [1] O birikwa na Boston na Washington DC 

Reyneau ya na nwa ya nwanyị biri na Europe site na 1926 ruo 1939,   ebe ha weere na ndị Juu na-ata ahụhụ mkpagbu n'okpuru ndị Nazi. 

N'ime afọ ikpeazụ nke Agha Agha nke ngalaba, Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Akụ̀ na United States nyere ya ọrụpụta akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ọkwa ọ ga-ere agbụ agha .  O ji ink gị ya na mpempe akwụkwọ, Tuskegee Airman Robert W. Diez ji okwu bụ Keep Up Flying

Mgbe ọ la mfe na United States, mmeso a na-emeso ndị Africa America ụdị Reyneau ajụjụ, na- mkpọsa na ọ dị ka ndị fasizim German .  [1] Ọ kwagara South wee bụrụ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ.  [2] Eserese mbụ ya nke isiokwu bụ nke onye ọrụ ubi na-eto eto, Edward Lee, na 1942. N'otu awụ ahụ ọ gara Tuskegee Institute ka ọ ndị na-anya ụgbọ elu ka ha na-ese ihe dị.  ka isiokwu.  N'ịchọghị nke ọgbaghara, ọ zutere George Washington Carver ebe ahụ bụ onye isi isiokwu mbụ ya na nke a ma ama.  [1] Eserese ya hụ ya na 1944 bata na mkpokọta Smithsonian Institution, [3] nke mbụ onye isi ojii na mkpokọta mba America.

### "Ihe osise nke ndị America pụtara ìhè nke Negro Origin"
Smithsonian ahụmahụ Reyneau na Harmon Foundation, bụ onye na-akwado nkà na ndị na-ese ihe n'Africa maka opekata mpe afọ iri abụọ.  Reyneau na Foundation curator Mary Beede Brady na-eduzi ihe ngosi njem nke ọkọlọtọ "Portraits of Outstanding Americans of Negro Origin," ntọala ntọala, na-enye onye na-ese ihe nkiri Black Laura Wheeler Waring, onye na-erite uru na ntọala.  , ime ụfọdụ ihe osise na iji mgbidi Reyneau na isiokwu ndị ọzọ.  Reyneau na Brady ihe ngosi ngosi ahụ dị ka ụzọ kpachaara anya na-agbanwe echiche nke ndị ọcha America, na Reyneau kpara ya "ojichie anya."  [1] Ka ihe nkiri ahụ na-aga na US na 1940s, Brooklyn Museum, Reyneau gbakwunyere ihe osise ndị ọzọ na nchịkọta akụkọ, nke mere na ọ ruru 50 site na 1954 [1] (Waring nwụrụ na 1948)

Ọ bụ ebe na ọ bụ ihe ngosi "nke ewu ewu" nke ukwuu, ọkà Africa America na Harvard University Steven Nelson kwuru na oku ngosi ahụ maka ịha nhata efunahụla ma ndị nta akụkọ America na ndị na-ege ntĩ.  ụfọdụ ndị nta chere na Reyneau bụ onye isi ojii.  Onye na-egosi akwụkwọ ndị Black Pittsburgh Courier , Otú ọ dị, dere "Ndị na-ezi nke ụlọ ihe ngosi mgbe ochie nke ihe ndị ọrụ ndị ahụ kwalitere echiche na n'ime obodo ụfọdụ a na-ahụ anya na-ededị dị ka na-  esote ihe ngosi nka."

Site na mkpochapụ nkewapụ nke iwu na Brown v. Board of Education na 1954, Harmon Foundation gbasara na njem nlegharị anya.  [1] Otú ọ dị, ntọala ahụ nyere ọtụtụ n'ime nchịkọta ahụ na National Portrait Gallery nke Smithsonian Institution na 1967.   

## Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka

Usòrò:A._Philip_Randolph_-_NARA_-_559204.jpg| A. Philip Randolph
Usòrò:Aaron_Douglas_-_NARA_-_559198.jpg| Aaron Douglas
Usòrò:Alain_Locke_-_NARA_-_559203.jpg| Alain Locke
Usòrò:Arna_Bontemp_-_NARA_-_559195.jpg| Arna Bontemps
Usòrò:Charles_R._Drew_-_NARA_-_559199.jpg| Charles Drew
Usòrò:George_W_Carver_-_NARA_-_559197.jpg| George Washington Carver
Usòrò:Marian_Anderson_-_NARA_-_559192.jpg| Marian Anderson
Usòrò:Martin_Luther_King,_Jr_-_NARA_-_559202.jpg| Martin Luther King Jr.
Usòrò:Mary_Church_Terrell_-_NARA_-_559207.jpg| Mary Church Terrell
Usòrò:Mary_McLeod_Bethune_-_NARA_-_559194.jpg| Mary McLeod Bethune
Usòrò:Paul_Robeson_-_NARA_-_559205.jpg| Paul Robeson
Usòrò:Ralph_Bunche_-_NARA_-_559196.jpg| Ralph Bunche
Usòrò:Richmond_Barth_-_NARA_-_559193.jpg| Richmond Barthé
Usòrò:Ruth_Temple_-_NARA_-_559206.jpg| Ruth Temple
Usòrò:Betsy_Graves_Reyneau_-_Thurgood_Marshall_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg| Thurgood Marshall


### Ihe osise eserese Reyneau ndị ọzọ na mkpokọta ahụ
 

## Nchịkọta na ihe nketa ndị ọzọ
Mpempe akwụkwọ akwụkwọ mmado Reyneau nke edere na 1943 njikọ agha mgbasa ozi dị na National Archives [1] na Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, ma na Washington, DC [2] Eserese abụọ nke onwe na nchịkọta Anthony Davenport . 

Mpempe akwụkwọ monochrome asaa nke akwa akwa mbụ sitere na usoro Harmon nke Reyneau nyere onye edemede Pearl S. Buck n'ihi ụgbọ aka ya na ikike obodo ka egosiri ọzọ na ihe ngosi na Pearl S. Buck House na Bucks County, Pennsylvania na  2020

Akpọba Reyneau n'ime Ndị njem Ndị Nwanyị Michigan na 1996

## Ndụ onwe onye
Reyneau lụrụ na 1915 ma, afọ ole na ole ka e mesịrị, gbara alụkwaghịm. O nwere opekata mpe otu nwa nwanyị ya na ya biri afọ ise ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya. 

## Njikọ mpụga

* "Ịlụso ịkpa ókè agbụrụ ọgụ," nkuzi YouTube sitere n'aka Steven Nelson maka National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian.
* GỊNỊ mere akụkọ vidio gbasara ihe ngosi n'ịntanetị Pearl S. Buck House
* Akụkọ ndụ sitere na Ụlọ Nzukọ Ndị Nwanyị Michigan

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations