Ben Emmerson

**Michael Benedict Emmerson** CBE KC (amụrụ n'ụbọchị iri atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1963) bụ onye ọka iwu Britain, ọkachamara na iwu mba ụwa, ikike mmadụ na iwu mmadụ, na iwu mpụ mba ụwa.  Site n'afọ 2011 ruo n'afọ 2017, ọ bụ UN Special Rapporteur na Human Rights and Counter - Terrorism. Emmerson bụ ya ka nọ n'ọkwa Appeals Chamber Judge nke ndị UN Mechanism maka International Criminal Tribunals nke nọdụ ala n'elu ndị Criminal Tribunals maka ndị Former Yugoslavia na Rwanda. Ọ rubugo ọrụ dịka onye amama na ndụmọdụ nyere ndị okpe iwu maka ndị International Criminal Court, na onye amama na ndụmọdụ nyere ndị Appeals Chamber nke ndị ECCC (ndị UN-backed Khmer Rouge Tribunal na Cambodia). [1] 

N'ọrụ iwu ya, Emmerson arụwo ọrụ maka ọtụtụ Gọọmentị mba ọzọ n'ihe metụtara esemokwu mba ụwa, gụnyere Gọọmentụ Croatia,Saịprọs,Georgia na Ukraine. Ọ nọchitekwara anya ọtụtụ ndị isi ala nọ ugbu a na ndị bụbu ndị isi ala na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị ọzọ, gụnyere Mohammed Nasheed (onye bụbu onye isi ala nke Maldives); Ramush Haradinaj (onye bụbu praịm minista nke Kosovo); Arseny Yatsenuk (onye bụbu praịm Minista nke Ukraine); na Carles Puigdemont (onye bụbu onyeisiala nke Catalonia). Ọ pụtara kwa n'ọtụtụ ikpe n' European Court of Human Rights, na-arụ ọrụ maka ma na-emegide Gọọmentị nke ndị United Kingdom na ndị ọzọ nke Council ndị Europe Member States, ma pụtagokwa n' International Court of Justice, International Criminal Court na ụlọ ikpe na ụlọ ikpe mba ụwa ndị ọzọ.
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Ndị ahịa Emmerson n'oge gara aga gụnyere onye guzobere WikiLeaks Julian Assange (n'ihe metụtara mgbalị ịnyefe ya na Sweden); onye GCHQ whistleblower Katharine Gun (onye a kpụpụrụ n'okpuru Iwu Nzuzo nke UK mgbe mwakpo 2003 gasịrị nke Iraq); na Marina Litvinenko (nwunye onye ọrụ FSB nke Russia Alexander Litvinenka, onye e gburu na London na 2006 site na iji isotope radioactive Polonium 210). Emmerson nọchitekwara anya Abdelbasset al-Megrahi (onye ọrụ nzuzo nke Libya nke a mara ikpe maka bọmbụ Lockerbie) na mkpesa ya megide ikpe na Scotland, ma mesịa mee ihe maka Abdullah Al-Senussi, onye bụbu onye isi nchekwa mba nke Colonel Gaddafi, na ikpe n'ihu tupu Ụlọikpe Mpụ Mba Nile.

N'ime UK, Emmerson abụgo onye nsote onye ọka ikpe ụlọ ikpe dị elu, onye Master nke ndị Bench nke ndị Middle Temple, prọfesọ na-eleta iwu na nchekwa mba ụwa na Mahadum nke Oxford, na Honorary Fellow nke Mansfield College, Oxford. N'afọ 2016, e nyere ya nzere PhD na Mahadum Bristol.

Onye bụbu praịm minista nke United Kingdom Theresa May kọwara Emmerson, dị ka "otu n'ime ndị ọka iwu UK kachasị mma n'ọhịa nke iwu ikike mmadụ nke mba na nke mba ụwa". A kọwaburu kwara ya n'ụzọ dị iche iche dị ka onye "bête noire nke ndị nta akụkọ aka nri", onye ọka iwu nwere " ọgụgụ isi Leviathan"; na onye ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ nke ya na onye isi otu ọrụ Len McCluskey.

Ka n'oge 2020, ọ na-anọchite anya Kadri Veseli.

## Mbido ndụ, agụmakwụkwọ na mmalite ọrụ
A mụrụ ya na Kent, nna ya bụ Brian Emmerson bụ onye nduzi ego nke ndị Stock Exchange na London. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Douai na Mahadum Bristol, a kpọkwara ya n'ụlọikpe n'afọ 1986. Ruo  afọ 1999 Emmerson bụbu onye otu Doughty Street Chambers, mana na Febụwarị 2000 ọ hapụrụ ya iji sonye na Matrix Chambers ọhụrụ nke na-ahụ maka ikike mmadụ. N'ọnwa Mee n'afọ 2000, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye ndụmọdụ eze nwanyị. Na Jenụwarị 2019, ọ kwagara na Monckton Chambers.

## Ntinye aha mba ụwa
 templatestyles

Na June 2011, UN Human Rights Council họpụtara Emmerson dị ka UN Special Rapporteur on Counter Terrorism and Human Rights. Ọ nọ n'ọkwa a ruo n'ọnwa Julaị 2017. N'ikikere a, ọ na-enye  ozi wkwa afọ na Nzukọ Ezumezu nke UN, Kansụl Na-ahụ Maka ikike Ndị Mmadụ nke UN na ụlọ ọrụ ndị dị mkpa nke Kansụl Nchebe guzobere. O kpokotakwara njem na ozi mba, ma nyekwa teknukul na ndụmọdụ ndị ọzọ na steeti. O wepụtara akụkọ banyere iwu mgbochi iyi ọha egwu nke Saudi Arabia, Chile, Sri Lanka, Tunisia na Burkina Faso. Akụkọ isiokwu mbụ ya, nke e bipụtara na 2012, metụtara ikike mmadụ nke ndị iyi ọha egwu metụtara. Amnesty International nabatara akụkọ ahụ, nke jara mkpebi ya mma "ịkwalite nkwanye ùgwù na nkwanye ùgwù maka ikike mmadụ nke ndị iyi ọha egwu metụtara". O weputakwara akụkọ banyere ojiji nke drones na-ebu ngwá agha maka ọrụ mgbochi iyi ọha egwu na Pakistan, Afghanistan na Palestine, ịza ajụjụ maka mmekpa ahụ nke ndị a na-enyo enyo na-eyi ọha egwu, mmebi ikike mmadụ nke ISIS mere n'Iraq na Syria, nlekota eletrọniki, iyi ọha egwu na njem na mbata mmetụta nke usoro nchekwa mba na ọha na eze, na ọchịchị UN na-emegide iyi ọha egwu.

Emmerson bụ onye ọka ikpe Britain ugbu a na UN Mechanism nke International Criminal Tribunal maka Rwanda na International Criminal Tribunal maka ndị Former Yugoslavia. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ pụrụ iche nye onye ọkàiwu na International Criminal Court na onye ndụmọdụ pụrụ iche nye ndị ọkàikpe mba ụwa nke ndị UN kwadoro Khmer Rouge Tribunal na Cambodia.

## Ikpe ndị a ma ama
N'afọ 1998, Emmerson nọchitere anya ndị na-arịọ arịrịọ n'ụzọ gara nke ọma n'okwu ikpe *Osman* v United Kingdom, mkpebi dị mkpa nke Ụlọikpe Na-ahụ Maka Ikike Ndị Mmadụ nke Europe nke bu ụzọ guzobe iwu na steeti ji ụgwọ kwesiri dị mma iji chekwaa ikike ndụ n'okpuru Nkeji edemede 2 nke European Convention on Human Rights site na omume mpụ nke onye nwe onwe ya. Ikpe ahụ metụtara igbagbu nke otu nwoke na London site n'aka onye nkuzi nke na-echegbu onwe ya banyere nwa nwoke ahụ. E boro ndị uwe ojii ebubo na ha egeghị ntị n'ọtụtụ ihe ịrịba ama ịdọ aka ná ntị, ma ọ bụ mee ihe dị mkpa iji gbochie ogbugbu ahụ, nakwa na ụlọ ikpe ndị Britain enyeghị ihe ngwọta dị irè maka ileghara anya ndị uwe ojii. Ụlọikpe ahụ kwenyere na ndị United Kingdom emebiela ikike inu ihe ziri ezi nke ndị ahụ merụrụ ahụ site n'inye ndị uwe ojii nnwere onwe iwu dị irè, na-echekwa ha na - ipu n'ọrụ iwu na mmejọ nke ileghara anya, ma kwukwa ha ụgwọ maka mmebi iwu ahụ.

N'afọ sotere ya, o gara n'ihu nke ọma chere gọọmentị ndị UK aka mgba maka nmachibido ndị na-adina ụdị onwe ha na-eje ozi n'ụlọ ndị agha, mgbe ọ nọchitere anya ndị na-adina nwoke ibe ha abụọ nke ndị agha Britain n' European Court of Human Rights. E nyere gọọmentị UK iwu ka ha kwụọ ụgwọ ma mezie gbanwee iwu ya. *The Guardian* kpọrọ ya "ikpebi akụkọ ihe mere eme". ebe David Pannick QC kpọrọ ya "mmeri a nabatara maka ezi uche karịa ajọ mbunobi dị ọcha".

N'afọ 2003, Emmerson nọchitere anya onye ụkọchukwu Islamist Abu Qatada, ya na ọtụtụ ndị mkpọrọ nke Ụlọ Mkpọrọ Belmarsh, na mkparịta ụka jikọrọ aka nke Special Immigration Appeals Commission, na-ama ha aka ijide ha ruo mgbe ebighị ebi, na-enweghị ebubo ma ọ bụ akaja, n'elu nchekwa mba. Ikpe *a*hụ (nke a kọrọ dị ka A. v. Secretary of State for the Home Department), gara na House of Lords, nke kwenyere na njide na-enweghị njedebe nke ndị na-eyi ọha egwu mba ọzọ na-enweghị ikpe bụ n'mgbochi nke Atiiku 5 na 14 nke ndị European Convention on Human Rights, nakwa na mwepu ahụ ndị UK site na ọrụ ya n'okpuru nkwekọrịta ahụ enweghị isi n'ihi na ọ bụ ịkpa ókè na enweghị isi. Mkpebi ahụ guzobere mkpụrụ dị mkpa banyere mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ndị ọka ikpe na ndị isi. Lord Bingham, bụ Senior Law Lord, kwenyere na House of Lords nwere ikike iwepu mkpebi ndị Gọọmentị na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu mere n'okwu ahụ, na-enyocha na "ọrụ ndị ọkàikpe nwere onwe ha na-ahụ maka ịkọwa ma tinye iwu ahụ n'ọrụ bụ nke a na - ahụta n'ụwa niile dị ka akụkụ dị mkpa nke ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya nke oge a, nkume akuku nke ọchịchị iwu n'onwe ya". Lord Neuberger, onye bụbu onye isi ala  Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke ndị United Kingdom, kọwara ya dị ka otu n'ime ikpe ọha ise kachasị mkpa nke iwu ọha na eze kpebiri n' United Kingdom, na-ekwu na, ruo mgbe ahụ, ọ bụ "ihe a na-ahụtụbeghị mbụ maka ụlọ ikpe iji ndokwa nke iwu bụ isi iwu na-akwadoghị". Ikpe ahụ mechara gaa n'ụlọ ikpe ndị European Court of Human Rights na Strasbourg nke kwadoro mkpebi nke House of Lords, na-agbakwụnye na ọdịdị nzuzo nke usoro ahụ ezighị ezi nye ndị a na-ebo ebubo. Na mkpebi ọzọ sitere n'otu ikpe ahụkwa , Emmerson gakwara n'ihu nke ọma n'ịrụ ụka na House of Lords na-enweghị ike igbochi ndị a na-enyo enyo na ha bụ ndị na-eyi ọha egwu site na ihe akaebe ndị ọrụ nke mba ọzọ nwetara site na mmekpa ahụ.

N'agbata afọ 2005 na afọ 2012, Emmerson gbachitere Ramush Haradinaj, onye bụbu praịm minista nke Kosovo, maka ebubo mpụ agha n' International Criminal Tribunal maka ndị bụbu Yugoslavia (ICTY) na The Hague. Dị ka magazin Vanity Fair si kwuo, Emmerson "akpọghị ndị akaebe nke ya, ma dabere kpamkpam n'ịgbasa  akaebe  akụkụ nke ọzọ gosipụtara". Mgbe a tọhapụrụ Haradinaj, ndị ọkàiwu ahụ rịọrọ arịrịọ nke ọma, na ụlọ ikpe mkpegharị ikpe ahụ nke  ndị ICTY nyere iwu ka e kpee ikpe ọzọ, nke mechiri na Nọvemba 2012, ya na ntọhapụ Haradinaj nke ugboro abụọ. A họpụtara Haradinaj ọzọ dị ka praịm minista Kosovo n'afọ 2016.

N'afọ 2014, a họpụtara Emmerson dị ka onye ndụmọdụ maka nyocha nke Independent Panel banyere mmetọ mmekọahụ ụmụaka n' England na Wales. Na 29 Septemba 2016, a kwụsịtụrụ Emmerson owee gbaa arụkwaghịm n'ọkwa ahụ. O mechara pụta na e boro ya ebubo mwakpo mmekọahụ , mana nyocha nke onye ọka ikpe dị elu kpebiri na ebubo ahụ enweghị isi. Dị ka *The Guardian* si kwuo, onye na-eme mkpọsa maka ikike mmadụ bụ Baroness Helena Kennedy, nabatara mkpebi ahụ, na-ekwu, sị: "Amara m Ben ọtụtụ afọ. Ọ bụ onye na-akwado ihe gbasara ụmụ nwanyị. Ọ na-ebi ndụ ka o si ekwu okwu. Ya na m kwurịtara okwu a. Ọ bụghị onye na-ewere nnwere onwe ya na ndị mmadụ. E ketara m oke n'mmapu obi ya mgbe e boro ya ebubo n'ihu ọha. Enwere m afọ ojuju na ọ bụ ihe na-enweghị isi. " N'oge Emmerson gbara arụkwaghịm oru, onye ọrụ ibe ya, Amal Clooney gwara The Times, sị: "Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị ọka iwu kacha nwee ọgụgụ isi na nkà mụ na ya rụtụrụla ọrụ ma ọ bụ otu n"ime ndị ọkachamara na-eduga n'ụwa n'ihe gbasara ikike mmadụ. Ịgba arụkwaghịm ọrụ ya hapụrụ nnukwu oghere nke ga-esi ike imejupụta. "

N'afọ 2015, Emmerson nọchitere anya Marina Litvinenko, nwunye onye bụbu onye ọrụ KGB nke Russia Alexander Litvinenko, na nyocha ọha na eze banyere ogbugbu ya na London n'afọ 2006, site na iji isotope radioactive, (Polonium 210). Emmerson mara aka nke  gara nke ọma maka nyocha ikpe ịma aka nye ndị Gọọmentị Britain jụrụ ime nyocha ọha na eze iji nyochaa ọrụ nke steeti Russia maka ogbugbu Litvinenko. Dị ka Chambers UK si kwuo, "ịmanye nyocha ọha na eze [bụ] ihe dara ada nye ike nke àgwà ya". Mgbe nyocha ọha na eze gasịrị, onye ọka ikpe, Sir Robert Owen, chọpụtara na ọ bụ steeti Russia nyere iwu igbu ọchụ ahụ, nakwa na onye isi ala Russia Vladimir Putin nwere " ike" nyego nkwado nke onwe ya maka igbu ọchụ ahụ. Na ị sochi mpiputa akụkọ nyocha ahụ, Emmerson kọwara ogbugbu ahụ dị ka omume nke " iyi ọha egwu nuklia" ma kpọọkwa Praịm Minista David Cameron ka o mee ihe n'ụzọ dị irè, na-ekwu na ịjụ ịza oku ahụ ga-abụ "ịhapụ ọrụ ya". Onye na-ekwuchitere Praịm Minista kwuru, sị: "Nkwupụta ahụ na e nyere ikike igbu ọchụ ahụ na ọkwa kachasị elu na Steeti Russia bụ ihe na-enye nsogbu nke ukwuu" ma kwe nkwa ime ihe dị irè na nzahachi oku ahụ .

N'afọ 2016, a họpụtara Emmerson ka ọ bụrụ onye otu iwu na-anọchite anya Mohamed Nasheed - onye isi ala mbụ a họpụtara site na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya nke Maldives, onye, onye isi ala Yameen Abdul Gayoom chụpụrụ ma tụba mkpọrọ. N'ịgbaso nkwupụta gara nke ọma nye ndị United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, Nasheed gbabara na nchedo n' UK. A họpụtara Emmerson ka ọ bụrụ onye nnọchi anya mba ụwa maka ndị mmegide Maldives na mgbalị na-enweghị isi ịchọ mkparịta ụka site na ndị UN. Otú ọ dị, n'afọ 2018, ndị mmegide nke onye bụbu onye isi ala Nasheed chịkọtara meriri ntuli aka ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na Maldives wee laghachi ta n'ọchịchị.

N'afọ 2018, Emmerson kpọọrọ ikpe nke Onye isi ala Catalonia, Carles Puigdemont, gaa na Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Ikike Ndị Mmadụ nke UN, na-ekwu na Gọọmentị ndị Spain emebiela ikike ya na - isonye na ndụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị site na mmegide iwu "nkwụsị", na-esote ntuli aka nnwere onwe na Catalonia n'ọnwa Okotoba 2017. N'ịmalite ikpe ahụ, Emmerson kwuru, sị: "Spain na-ejide mma agha nke Damocles n'elu isi ndị Catalonia, na-etinye usoro e mere iji mee ka ha nọrọ n'okpuru". O wee kwara ikpe nke ọtụtụ ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Katalan ndị ama ama na ndị isi obodo na ndị UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, nke sitere na mkpọrọ ha na Spain maka ebubo nke nnupụisi na iwe maka òkè ha na ntuli aka nke afọ 2017.

N'otu afọ ahụ, Emmerson pụtara n'ụlọ ikpe ndị European Court of Human Rights n'okwu ikpe abụọ dị n'etiti Steeti megide ndị Russian Federation. Ikpe mbụ, nke Georgia wetara, kwuru na ndị agha Russia na ndị nnọchi anya ha n'òtù nkewa njem na South Ossetia na Abkhazia mere mpụ agha n'oge mwakpo nke Georgia na 2008. N'oge a na-ege ntị na 23 Mee 2018, Emmerson kwuru na ndị agha Russia nwere ikpe maka ọtụtụ mmebi iwu n'oge "rampage" gafee ókèala Georgia nke ebumnuche Russia bụ "ịnọ n'ọtụtụ ókèala ndị ọ nwere ike ịnọ nwu".

N'oge 2018, Emmerson nọchitekwara anya Gọọmentị ndị Ukraine n' ikpe ikpe n'etiti steeti nke sitere na ntinye aka Russia nke Crimea, na nkwado ya maka agha ahụ n' Eastern Ukraine.

Emmerson adọla ndị Rohingya akaebe maka mmebi ikike mmadụ na Myanmar, na ndị Yazidi maka mmebi ihe ikike mmadụ nke ISIS mere na Syria na Iraq.

## Ide ihe
Emmerson bụ onye guzobere onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke ndị European Human Rights Law Review ma bụrụkwa onye ode akwụkwọ, ya na Prọfesọ Andrew Ashworth KC, nke Human Rights and Criminal Justice (Sweet & Maxwell, 3rd Edition), ederede na-eduga na itinye Nkwekọrịta ahụ n'ọrụ ikpe mpụ. Site na 1995 ruo 2015 ọ bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ ikike ndị mmadụ nke Archbold Criminal Pleading, Evidence and Practice, Evidence na Practice (Sweet & Maxwell).

## Nsọpụrụ
A họpụtara Emmerson dị ka onye Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) na 2020 Birthday Honours maka ọrụ ya nye ikike mmadụ na iwu mmadụ nke mba ụwa.

## N'omenala a ma ama
Na miniseries ITVX nke 2022 *Litvinenko*, Stephen Campbell Moore gosipụtara Emmerson.

## Edensibia


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