Molly Melching

alt=photograph|thumb|300x300px|Molly Melching na 2007 na ncheta nke iri nke ịhapụ FGM site na Malicounda Bambara, Senegal
Molly Melching bụ onye nchoputa na onye isi ihe okike nke Tostan Community Empowerment Programme (CEP). Tostan (nke pụtara "ọganihu" n'asụsụ Wolof) bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-abụghị nke gọọmentị (NGO) nke dị na Dakar, Senegal[1] nke ebumnuche ya bụ inye ndị obodo Africa aka iweta mmepe na-adịgide adịgide na mgbanwe mmekọrịta ọha na eze na-adabere na nkwanye ùgwù maka ikike mmadụ. [2] Weebụsaịtị ya, Tostan.org, na-ekwu na "Tostan na-emejuputa mmemme mmụta zuru oke, afọ atọ na-enye ike n'asụsụ mba Africa nke tinyegoro ihe karịrị obodo ime obodo 3,500 na mba asatọ dị n'Africa na isiokwu nke ọchịchị onye kwuo uche, ikike mmadụ, ahụike, ịgụ akwụkwọ, na njikwa oru ngo. nkà."[3] Isiokwu ndị a gụnyere ịgbahapụ igbupụ ụmụ nwanyị, kagbuo alụm di na nwunye / mmanye, na ike ụmụ nwanyị n'ọkwa onye isi dịka ọkwa ọchịchị na mba n'ofe West na East Africa.

Nkà Melching bụ n'ịmepụta ihe agụmakwụkwọ maka iji ya mee ihe na mpaghara obodo n'Africa, o nyekwara aka mepụta Tostan Model- mmemme agụmakwụkwọ afọ atọ na-abụghị nke iwu kwadoro nke na-agụnye ma na-akwalite mmata banyere nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọrụ Melching tinyere nke obodo ndị Senegal enyekwara aka n'ọtụtụ mmepe obodo na usoro nkwurịta okwu gụnyere ihe nlereanya nke mgbasa ozi a haziri ahazi  na ojiji nke nkwupụta ọha maka ịhapụ FGC na alụmdi na nwunye nwa / mmanye. 

## Ọrụ Mbido na Senegal
Mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ na Mahadum Dakar na 1974, Melching zụlitere mmasị n'iso ụmụaka na-arụ ọrụ. O dere akwụkwọ ụmụaka nwere ihe osise, Anniko, nke New African Editions (NEA) bipụtara. N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 1976, ọ sonyeere Peace Corps n'otu n'otu iji gaa n'ihu na-emepe ma na-ebipụta akwụkwọ maka ụmụaka Senegal ndị dabara na ọdịbendị na gburugburu ebe obibi ha. Iji mezuo nke a, Melching mepụtara "Demb ak Tey" (Yesterday and Today) Center, nke meghere na African Cultural Center, ma jeere ụmụaka nọ n'okporo ámá ozi n'ógbè Dakar kacha nwee ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, Medina. N'iji abụ, akụkọ, ilu, ihe nkiri, na omenala ndị ọzọ nke Afrịka, Melching na ndị otu Senegalese ya kwalitere akwụkwọ ụmụaka metụtara ọdịbendị West Africa. N'ịhụ ewu ewu nke akụkọ ọdịnala ndị Afrịka na ikike ha dị ka ụgbọ ala maka agụmakwụkwọ, Molly malitere mmemme redio kwa izu na Wolof, asụsụ mba nke Senegal. Site na itinye ozi gbasara ahụike na gburugburu ebe obibi, mmemme redio ahụ ruru ọtụtụ puku ezinụlọ nwere ozi dị mkpa maka imeziwanye ndụ ha.

Na 1982, e nyere Melching onyinye sitere na Spencer Foundation iji gaa n'ihu n'ọrụ ya, nke gbara ya ume ka ọ nọrọ na Senegal. Ọ kwagara ebe ụmụaka na-anọ n'obodo Saam Njaay dị na mpaghara Thiès. Na mmekorita ya na ndị otu obodo yana ego sitere na USAID, ya na ndị otu ya Senegal weputara mmemme nkuzi nke na-abụghị nke ọha maka ndị bi n'ime ime obodo dabere na omenala na omenala ha.

Melching malitere imekọ ihe na UNICEF Senegal na 1988 iji kwalite na gbasaa mmemme agụmakwụkwọ a na-abụghị nke a na asụsụ ndị ọzọ na mpaghara Senegal. Melching lekwasịrị anya na mkpa pụrụ iche ụmụ nwanyị nwere maka ọzụzụ ịgụ na ide na ụdị agụmakwụkwọ ndị ọzọ. Site na nkwado UNICEF, agbasara mmemme a ruo puku kwuru puku ụmụ nwanyị nọ na mba ahụ ma mekwaa ya maka ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ, ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma na-anọghị n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na-eji usoro nka ndụ bụ isi.

## Okike na Ọrụ na Tostan
Na 1991, Melching nwetara nkuzi mkpokọta na nkuzi nkuzi na Saam Njaay wee mepụta otu 501(c)(3) ọgbakọ anaghị akwụ ụgwọ, Tostan. Isi ihe dị n'etiti Tostan bụ mmemme Melching na ndị ọzọ mepụtara na Saam Njaay, Senegal: Mmemme Empowerment Community. Mmemme Empowerment Programme (CEP) bụ maka ma ndị okenye na ndị na-eto eto na-amụ ma na-ebuga ya mgbe niile n'asụsụ obodo. Usoro agụmakwụkwọ na-abụghị nke nkịtị dabere na ikike mmadụ ma kewaa ya ụzọ abụọ: Kobi (nke pụtara "ịkọ ala"), na-ekpuchi ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, ikike mmadụ, nkà na-edozi nsogbu, ahụike, na ịdị ọcha; na Aawde (nke pụtara "ịkụ mkpụrụ"), na-ekpuchi agụmagụ asụsụ obodo, mmepe obere ụlọ ọrụ na mgbakọ na mwepụ..

Ka afọ na-aga, CEP nọgidere na-agbanwe. A gbakwunyere mgbakwunye ndị na-adịbeghị anya n'ime CEP, gụnyere Reinforcement of Parental Practices Module,  nke na-arụ ọrụ na ndị nne na nna iji kpalie mmepe nwata na ịkwadebe ụmụaka maka ụlọ akwụkwọ, na Peace and Security project,  nke na-achọ ịmepụta njikọ n'etiti atụmatụ ndị obodo na-akwalite udo, na ndị na-eme iwu mpaghara.

Ndị sonyere na Tostan amalitela ọrụ mmezi ahụike na ịdị ọcha nke na-eduga na mbelata nke ọnwụ nne na nwa ọhụrụ. Ọzọkwa, a kpaliri mgbanwe site na ibelata ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị; ọnụ ọgụgụ ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi na ndụmọdụ tupu na mgbe amuchara; ma duzie mkpọsa iji debanye aha ụmụ agbọghọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ma debanye aha ọtụtụ puku ụmụaka na-enweghị asambodo ọmụmụ. Ha amalitela ọbụna itinye n'ọrụ na-eweta ego. Ụmụ nwanyị na-ekere òkè ugbu a na usoro mkpebi ma na-apụta dị ka ndị isi.

Na Julaị 31, 1997, otu ìgwè ndị Tostan sonyere n'obodo Malicounda Bambara kpebiri ịhapụ omume oge ochie nke Ịkpụ akụkụ ahụ nwanyị (FGC) na obodo ha. Mkpebi ha sitere na nghọta na FGC na-emerụ ahụike nke ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwanyị, na-emebi ikike mmadụ ha, ọ bụghịkwa ihe kwekọrọ na ụkpụrụ okpukpe na ọdịbendị ha. Ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Nọvemba 2016, ihe karịrị obodo 7,700 dị na mba ndị ọrụ Tostan ekwupụtala n'ihu ọha na ha agbahapụla FGC na alụmdi na nwunye ụmụaka / n'ike, gụnyere obodo 23 dị na Burkina Faso na mmekorita ya na NGO Mwangaza Action. A na-aga n'ihu na-eme FGC na mba 28 nke Africa ma chọọ ya n'ọtụtụ agbụrụ maka ụmụ agbọghọ ịlụ di ma bụrụ ndị a na-akwanyere ùgwù n'obodo.

## Ihe ndị e ji mara ya
1995: UNESCO họọrọ Tostan dị ka otu n'ime mmemme agụmakwụkwọ kachasị ọhụrụ n'ụwa niile ma bipụta broshuọ banyere ahụmịhe Tostan.

1997: Oriakụ Hillary Clinton, nwunye onye bụbu onye isi ala Bill Clinton, gara obodo Tostan; nke a mere ka Oriakụ Clinton na onye bụbu Onye isi ala Clinton gaa nleta pụrụ iche na isi ụlọ ọrụ Tostan otu afọ ka e mesịrị.

1999: E nyere Molly Melching ihe nrite University of Illinois Alumni Humanitarian Prize

2002: Ms. Melching natara Sargent Shriver Distinguished Award for Humanitarian Service na 40th Celebration of the Peace Corps.

Ọktoba 2003: Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa họọrọ usoro agụmakwụkwọ Tostan dị ka "Ihe Omume Kasị Mma" maka mmepe obodo na ịkwụsị FGC, na-akpọ maka ịmegharị na nkesa nke ihe nlereanya ahụ na mba ndị ọzọ dị n'Afrịka.

2005: Tostan meriri Anna Lindh Prize for Human Rights

2007: Tostan ritere ihe nrite abụọ: UNESCO King Sejong Prize for Literacy na Conrad N. Hilton Humanitarian Prize, ihe nrite kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa.

2010: Skoll Foundation nabatara Tostan na Skoll Award for Social Entrepreneurship.

2012: Tostan natara 'Award in Action' site na Cécilia Attias Foundation for Women, na-amata ọrụ ha n'imeziwanye usoro ahụike na nlekọta nne na mpaghara obodo. E nyere Molly Melching ihe nrite 'Women of Impact' na 4th Annual Women in the World Summit na 2013.

2013: E nyere Molly Melching ihe nrite "Women of Impact" na 4th Annual Women in the World Summit na 2013

2015: Molly natara Thomas J Dodd Prize na International Justice and Human Rights maka ọrụ ya na Tostan. E nyekwara ya Jury Special Prix in Individual Philanthropy site na BNP Paribas Foundation,  na 2015 University of Illinois Humanitarian Award. 

Tụkwasị na nke a, Ms. Melching natara "World's Children's Honorary Award" maka ọgụ ya megide alụmdi na nwunye a manyere, ibi úgwù ụmụ nwanyị, na alụmdi na nwa na West Africa.

## Ogologo Oge N'abalị
Akwụkwọ banyere ọrụ Melching, Otú ọ dị, Ọ dị ogologo: Molly Melching's Journey to Help Millions of African Women and Girls Triumph, bụ nke Aimee Molloy dere ma bipụta na Eprel 30, 2013. Akwụkwọ ahụ na-akọ ahụmahụ onwe onye nke Melching nke wetara ya n'Africa ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ 40 gara aga, ndị na-akpali akpali ọ zutere n'ụzọ, na ihe mere o ji kpebie ịnọ. Ọ na-akọkwa ntọala Tostan na mmegharị nke obodo na-eduzi maka mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na-ahụ n'Africa.

## Ihe odide

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations