open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie nke Africa Théodore Monod

The Théodore Monod African Art Museum ( Musée Théodore Monod d'Art africain ) dị na Dakar, Senegal bụ otu n'ime ụlọ ngosi ihe ochie na West Africa .  Ọ bụ Léopold Senghor, Onye isi ala mbụ nke mba ahụ kwalitere ya.

A na-akpọ ya na mbụ Le Musée d'Art africain de l'Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire Cheikh Anta Diop IFAN/CAD ma hụ de edu aha ya Musée de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire ma ọ bụ IFAN Museum of African  Nkà .  Na Disemba 2007, a ọkọlọtọ aha ya ka ọ bụrụ The Théodore Monod African Art Museum ("Musée Théodore Monod d'Art africain"), mgbe onye France na-ahụ maka mmepụta okike Théodore André Monod, onye bụbu onye isi IFAN 

Ndị dike ihe ngosi nka bụ nke ụlọ ọrụ Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (IFAN), nke ntọala ntọala 1936 n'okpuruokpuru Popular Front na France.  Mgbe e na-enwe IFAN na Mahadum Cheikh Anta Diop na 1960, a ụlọ ụlọ ahụ dị na Place Soweto dị nso na National Assembly nke Senegal ka ọ bụrụ ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie.  Ọ bụ taa otu n'ime ebe elele ama ama maka ọkụ ihe gbasara afrika na akwụkwọ nke Mahadum Cheikh Anta Diop .  Dị ka isi ụlọ ọrụ omenala nke French West Africa, o nwere nchịkọta dị mkpa sitere n'ofe Afrịka Francophone.

Ndị dike ihe nka bụ otu n'ime ebe a na-egwu eme ihe na-egosi Dakar Biennale, na-egosi nka site n'aka ndị na-ese ihe n'Africa na ndị si mba ọzọ.  

## Ntụaka


## Njikọ mpụga

* Nduzi mbara ala Lonely na IFAN Museum .
* Ihe ngosi IFAN : Ngalaba njem, *The New York Times* .
* "Akara ngosi nke mmeri: IFAN na Colonial Museum Complex na French West Africa (1938-1960)", *Museum Anthropology*, Summer 2002, Vol. 25, Nke 2: p. 50-60 .
* Ihe ngosi Dakar Biennale .
Clara Klug

**Clara Klug**  bu ónyé amụrụ na ubochi ịrị na isii na onwa Juun, n' afọ otú puku , narị itoolu na iri itoolu na anọ. Ọ bụ onye Germany na-adịghị ahụ ụzọ, ọ na-agba kwa ọsọ na-agba ịnyịnya ígwè na-agba kwa bọọlụ. O mere egwuregwu Paralympic mbụ ya na afo puku abuo na ịrị na asatọ,  Winter Paralympics maka Germany. Klug kwuru na o nwetara ọla nchara n'asọmpi biathlon nke ụmụ nwanyị nke dị kilomita iri dị ka akụkụ nke afọ puku abuo na ịrị na asatọ  Winter Paralympics.  

## Ihe odide
onyé Njikọ mpụga
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie nke Ahmed Zabana

Ahmed Zabana National Museum ( Arabic  , El-mathaf El-ouatani Ahmed Zabana ) bụ ụlọ ngosi mgbe ochie dị na Oran, Algeria, ma bụrụkwa aha dike mba Algeria Ahmed Zabana nke ndị France gburugburu na Mee 19, 1956,  na Algiers.

## Nchịkọta
 Ala nke mbụ nke ụlọ ihe ngosi nka na-akọ egwu mpaghara nke ogụ Algeria gbara akwụkwọ onwe site na France ndepụta ndị obodo nke ndị France gburugburu n'etiti 1954 na 1962. Onye ngwere nka gụ ihe onye ọrụ n'ụdị ihe ihe.  ọkpụkpụ oge ochie, ụfọdụ mosaics na ihe ndị ọrụ terracotta na ndị ọrụ ọrụ ndị Algeria na-ese ihe na apụ awụ nke 20 na French Orientalists Eugene Fromentin

## Hụkwa

* Agha Algeria
* Ndepụta akụ omenala Algeria

## Ntụaka
Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie nke Beni Abbes

Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Beni Abbes nke a makwaara dị ka (Béni Abbès Museum) (Arabic: متحف بني عباس) bụ ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nka dị na oasis obodo Beni Abbes, Béchar Province, Algeria.[1]  Ọ bụ "akụnụba nke a raara nye anụ ọhịa ọzara, fossils na nka na nka Algeria

## Ngosipụta
Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Béni Abbès bụ ewu ewu na Algeria. Ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ nyocha Saharan na &#x5B; &#x5D; **'</sup> . Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka na-egosiputa anụ ọhịa ọzara, fossils na nka na nka ọdịnala, dị ka kapeeti, ihe mkpuchi mgbidi, ihe seramiiki, ihe ọkpụkpụ na ọla. </link>Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka, nke ụlọ ọrụ nyocha Saharan na-akwado <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">**' &#x5B; &#x5D; egosipụta ọtụtụ ụdị ụbọchị dị iche iche. Ụbọchị bụ otu n'ime ihe ọkụkụ nke obodo oasis na obodo nta dị na Algeria.  

## Akụkọ ifo
Oasis nke Beni Abbes nwere akụkọ ifo nke ya. Ndị obodo na-ekwu na:

: “Isi iyi nke na-eme mmiri n'ala ahịhịa a bịara dị ka ọrụ ebube. A na-ekwu na onye njem turu osisi ya n'ala, na-ekwupụta na ọ bụrụ na ọ nwụọ n'ebe a, mmiri ga-esi n'ala pụta. O doro anya na ọ nwụrụ n'abalị na-eso ya, ikekwe n'ihi enweghị mmiri, isi iyi wee malite ịgbawa, na-aga n'ihu ruo taa". 

## Ebe njem nlegharị anya
Obodo Beni Abebes bụ ebe ndị njem na-ewu ewu na ebe ngosi nka na-enye ndị metụtara ihe mere eme na omenala ya.   

## Hụkwa

* Béni Abbès
* Ndepụta ihe ngosi nka na Algeria

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka na Algeria
Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie nke Algiers

Ndị egwu ihe nke Art Modern of Algiers (MaMa) bụ ụlọ ihe ngosi nka na Algiers .  Emere ya na 2007 

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Ozi ahụ, nke e wuru n'agbata 1901 na 1909, bụ nke mbụ e ji mee ihe dị ka ụlọ ọrụ ngalaba, Galeries de France.  Ihe owuwu ya bụ neo-moorish .  Emezi ya ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ngosi ihe ngosi nka na ọkwa ise.

Emeghere MaMa n'oge mmemme nke ọrụ "Algiers, isi obodo nke omenala Arabik 2007".  Ministri omenala Khalida Toumi akwụkwọ ya.  Ezi ihe ngosi nka dị na nọmba 25 nke okporo amá Larbi Ben M'hidi (nke bụbu rue d'Isly).

## Ndị nlekọta
Onye nlekọta ugbu a bụ Mohamed Djehiche, onye ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme.

## Ihe ngosi
Ndị MaMa hụrụ nlegharị anya na Olivier Debré (May–August 2010) yana ụtụ nye M'hamed Issiakhem (December 2010 – Jenụarị 2011). 

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta ihe ngosi nka na Algeria

## Ntụaka
Oké Ifufe Ascher

Storm Ascher bụ onye America nọọrọ onwe ya onye akụkọ na onye edemede.  [1] A matara ya maka ihe aka ya na ihe ngosi nka nke oge a, anyị n'ịkwado maka omume curatorial nke ọha mmadụ .

Akwụkwọ nke akwụkwọ, The New York Times, The Los Angeles Times, W Magazine, Hyperallergic, Cultured, Artsy, na The Miami Times .  [1] A nabatara n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na Artsy's New Generation of Black Women Gallerists na Dan's Papers 'East End Power List.

## Agụmakwụkwọ
O ji akara nzere bachelọ nke Fine Arts (BFA) na Visual & Critical Studies si na School of Visual Arts (SVA), nke opamo na 2018. [1] Mgbe ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na mahadum, ọ gbasoro Master of Arts (MA)  na Azụmahịa Art site na Sotheby's Institute na Claremont Graduate University, na-emecha akara ugo ojiji ya na 2020.

## Ọrụ
Usoro ọrụ ya site na ọrụ dị na veranda na ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche, LAXART n'okpuru Hamza Walker, David Lewis Gallery, na Spruth Magers .

Na 2018, o hiwere Superposition Gallery, ikpo okwu curatorial nomadic.  Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ ya na Superposition Gallery, Ascher ewepụtala ihe ngosi maka ụlọ ọrụ dị ka Eastville Museum, Phillips, Southampton African American Museum, na Oolite Arts na Miami. 

## Ọrụ na gburugburu
iche onye nkọwa, ọrụ Ascher na-agbado ike n'isimokwu mkpa mmadụ na ibe ya, obodo na omenala dị iche iche. 

A maara ya maka ụzọ o si abịa nlegharị anya ihe ngosi, na-eji oghere gallery na-abụghị omenala ma na-enyocha njikọ nke nka na ihe gbasara mmekọrịta ọha na eze nke oge a. 

Ascher ekirila ihe ngosi nke ngosi ndị na-ese ihe, egwu Layo Bright, Derrick Adams, Tariku Shiferaw, na Muna Malik.  Arụmagụ curatorial ya bu n'obi ime ka olu ndị a na-amapụtaghị ya na ụwa nka wee kpalite ụka dị oke mkpa maka nsogbu nsogbu mmadụ. 

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Sebastián Fernández Méndez

**Sebastián Fernández Méndez** (1700, San Cristóbal de La Laguna - mgbe 1774) bụ onye na-ese ihe na Spain nke narị afọ nke 18 si Tenerife. A na-ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe a ma ama n'àgwàetiti ahụ.

## Edensibia
Alisa LaGamma

. **Alisa LaGamma** bụ Ceil na Michael E. Pulitzer Curator nke Department of Arts of Africa, Oceania, na America na Metropolitan Museum of Art.

O alaka PhD ya na Mahadum Columbia na 1995 maka akwụkwọ ọmụmụ "The Art of the Punu Mukudj Masquerade: Portrait of an Equatorial Society", nke ọ bụ otu afọ ọrụ ubi na South Gabon.

N'afọ 1998, ọ bụ onye nchịkọta ndị ọbịa maka akwụkwọ Akuora " African Arts ".

Na 2012, ọ natara Iris Award maka Ọkà nne Ọpụrụiche nke Bard Graduate Centre iji kwado nkwado aka ya n'ịtụlegharị ihe mere eme nke nka na omenala ndị Africa Sahara

Ọ chị ụgbọ ihe ngosi ahụ " Kongo: Ike na ebube ".

## Akwụkwọ ndị ahọpụtara

* *Jenesis: Echiche nke mmalite na ihe ọkpụkpụ Africa* . Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Metropolitan, New York, 2002. ISBN&nbsp;
* *Ndị nna ochie ebighi ebi: Nkà nke Central African Reliquary* . Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Metropolitan, New York, 2007.
* *Ndị dike Afrịka: Ndị isi akụkọ ifo, ihe osise akara ngosi* . New York: Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Metropolitan, New York, 2011.
* "Mbembe Muses gbachiri nkịtị", *Metropolitan Museum Journal*, 48 (2013): 143-160.
* *[https://books.google.com/books?id=ylRVCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1 Kongo: Ike na ịdị ebube]* . Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Metropolitan, New York, 2015. ISBN&nbsp;

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* " Africa | Njikọ ", Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke obodo ukwu
* " Onye ode akwụkwọ na nka nka Africa", African Arts Journal
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
José Comas Quesada

**José Comas Quesada** (3 Febụwarị 1928 - 14 Jenụwarị 1993) bụ onye na-ese ihe na Canary nke amụrụ na Puerto de la Luz, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. A na-ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị kasị ukwuu na-egosipụta ihe osise mmiri, ma na Canaries ma na Spain, nke nkeji iri na ise ikpeazụ nke narị afọ nke 20. 

## Mmalite nka
áká_èkpè|thumb|180x180px|Ụlọ ebe onye na-ese ihe bi.
 
áká_èkpè|thumb|180x180px|Akara onye na-ese ihe.
N'afọ 1974, ọ malitere ọrụ ya n'ezie, ise ihe, ọ ghọkwara onye a ma ama n'ụlọ ngosi nka dị iche iche n'oge ahụ. Ịtọhapụ nke dugara na ya bụ ọrụ ya dị ka onye nnọchi anya ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ihe. N'oge ahụ, onye na-ese ihe na mmiri chere na ọ ga-amalite ọzọ ma nwee obi abụọ banyere àgwà nka nke foto ndị a, ya mere ọ bịanyere aka n'okpuru aha "Masca".

N'afọ 1975, ọ malitere igosi ihe na "Agrupación de Acuarelistas Canarios" (Canarian Watercolour Association), nke mbụ na gallery nka Cairasco na Las Palmas de Gran Canaria na otu afọ ka e mesịrị na Fine Arts Society na Santa Cruz nke Tenerife. N'afọ 1976, o gosipụtara ọzọ na gallery Cairasco a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu, ebe o ritere ọla nchara nke Association for the watercolour nke akpọrọ "Árboles y bruma" (Osisi na alụlụ). 

Na Septemba 1991, nke ga-abụ ihe ngosi ikpeazụ e mere n'oge ndụ ya,  gosipụtara trilogy a na-akpọ: "La Vieja Ciudad" (Obodo Ochie), "Rincones Isleños" (Island Spots) na "Espacios Abiertos" (Open Spaces). Banyere nke mbụ, onye na-ese ihe na mmiri weghachiri isiokwu Las Palmas ochie, mana o jiri usoro ọhụrụ mee ihe na brushwork dị nkọ ma dị ike, mkpebi ndị ọzọ na eserese na chromaticism ka ukwuu na palette ya,  na-eme ka ọ pụta ìhè na ọ bụ onye na-ede ihe nke ngosipụta nka ya na-agbanwe mgbe niile ma na-achọ ụzọ ọhụrụ nke ngosipụta.

A na-amata ụdị nke onye na-ese ihe na mmiri kpamkpam, site na agba ruo na ikuku, -iji ya eme ihe pụrụ iche, mana ọ bụghị karịa, nke sfumato- ihe niile nwere nkwenye na mpaghara nke kaadị ahụ: akara na ọhụụ, ọdịiche nke atụmatụ, ịsa ahụ, wdg. Enwere mmasị mgbe niile iji mepụta mmetụta ụfọdụ na ihe ndị dị na ikuku nke na-enye ọtụtụ n'ime ihe osise ya ihe pụrụ iche; alụlụ, igwe ojii dị iche iche, mmiri na-egbuke egbuke, ọdọ mmiri, ụbọchị mmiri ozuzo, wdg. Seascapes ebe ọdịdị ahụ na-apụ n'anya, ọgwụgwọ nke anụnụ anụnụ, ọcha na ọla edo nke na-echetara otu n'ime ndị isi nke mmiri nke oge niile, nke Turner.

Ọ sonyeere ndị a na-akpọ "watercolour nnwale", aha nke meghere ihe ngosi abụọ na 1966 na 1971 na La Laguna (Tenerife). Omume a kwadoro maka nnwale, na-agafe ọdịdị ọdịnala nke na-achịkwa ụdị ahụ ma na-enye ọhụụ ọhụrụ n'ikwekọ n'ụdị oge ahụ.

Ihe osise ndị sitere na usoro 20 watercolour, ebe a na-egosi ebe dị iche iche nke Vegueta na Triana na Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.

## Edensibia
Marie-Ann Yemsi

Marie-Ann Yemsi ( ná mmalite 1963) bụ onye akụkọ German - Cameroon, mara maka mbọ ọ na-agba ọkụ ndị na-ese ihe n'Africa na mba ụwa.

## Akụkọ ndụ
A egwuregwu Yemsi na Germany na 1963, site n'aka nne German na nna Cameroon.  Mgbe ọ bụ nwata, egwuregwu ya na-agagharị ugboro ugboro na Europe na Africa, nna ya chere egwu ihu maka ọrụ ndị agha ya dị ka onye agha na Cameroon.  Ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Sciences Po, wee wee akara akara ugo, nna ukwu na nkà ndị ọha na eze na Mahadum Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne . 

Na 2005, ọ ntọala ntọala ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ụmụaka lekwasịrị anya na iwu omenala, Agent Créatif(s).  [1] Mgbe ahụ, na 2015, ọ dọtara ọkwa maka ọrụ ya na-edozi ihe ngosi Odyssées Africaines / African Odysseys na Forest Cultural Center na Belgium .  N'ihe ngosi ahụ, ọ tụlere mweghachi nke ndị mere eme na ọrụ dị ugbu a nke ndị omenkà iri na asaa si mba ndị dị ka South Africa, Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, na Mozambique . 

Na 2017, Yemsi Muhammadu ọrụ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ọtụtụ ngosi mba ụwa, ngosi ihe ngosi nka Art Paris na Grand Palais [1] na Africa Ugbu a, ihe omume nka na Paris nke Galeries Lafayette akwụkwọ.  Ọ haziri n'afọ ahụ ihe ngosi Le jour qui vient na Galerie des Galeries, wee jee ozi dị ka onye na-ahụ maka akara nke iri na otu nke African Photography Encounters na Bamako, Mali   

Yemsi na-akọwa onwe ya dị ka "onye ozi" na-enye ohere ka ndị na-ese ihe n'Africa nweta visibiliti na mba ụwa.  O lekwasịrị anya karịsịa na ọrụ ndị inyom na-ese ihe n'Africa. 

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Gilbert Clain

## Akụkọ ndụ
Clain bụ onye na-akụ okpete tupu ọ mepee ụlọ ngosi nka na Îlet Furcy . Ọ ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe a ma ama na Réunion, na-arụ ọrụ na osisi, basalt, na coral. Taa, enwere ike ịchọta ọrụ ya na Musée Léon-Dierx [fr], Fonds régional d'art contemporain de la Réunion, na Musée de Saint-Pierre . 

Gilbert Clain nwụrụ na Îlet Furcy na 21 Eprel 2021 mgbe ọ dị afọ 79. 

## Edensibia
Chris Boot

Chris Boot ( mmalite 27 Mee 1960) bụ onye na-ahụ maka foto Britain, onye na-akwụkwọ akwụkwọ, ma ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ọrụ ndị ọzọ foto.  Ọ bụ onye nduzi nke London Photo Co-op, onye isi nke ụlọ ọrụ London na New York nke Magnum Photos, onye nchịkọta akwụkwọ na Phaidon Press, onye nchịkọta nke Chris Boot Ltd. onye na--akwụkwọ foto, ma bụrụ onye isi ụmụaka  nke Aperture Foundation .  [1] N'akwa ndị a o nyela, dezie ma ọ bụpụta ọtụtụ akwụkwọ foto ama ama.

## Ndụ na ọrụ
Boot ejikọrọ na 27 Mee 1960 na Kynnersley, Shropshire, England.  [1] [2] [3] O nwere BA na foto site na Polytechnic nke Central London, yana BA na akwụkwọ Bekee sitere na Royal Holloway College, Mahadum London.

N'agbata 1984 na 1990 Boot bụ onye ntụzi nke London's Photo Co-op (mgbe akpọrọ aha ya bụ Photofusion), ụlọ ọrụ akụrụngwa foto nọọrọ onwe ya na gallery.  

 Na 1990 ọ kwagara na Magnum Photos ebe ọ na-enye onye ntụzi nke London na mgbe ahụ, na 1995, nke ụlọ ọrụ New York ya, ruo 1998  

Ọ bụ onye isi nchịkọta na Phaidon Press site na 1998 ruo 2000. [1] [2] [3] Mgbe ọ nọ na Phaidon, o dere ma dezie Akụkọ Magnum ;  deziri Robert Capa, nkọwa nkọwa nke Richard Whelan na usoro akwụkwọ Phaidon 55 site na 2001 gaa n'ihu, nke ndị na-eme na Nan Goldin, Mary Ellen Mark, Shomei Tomatsu, Dorothea Lange na W. Eugene Smith na Walker Evans ;  ma nye ya The Photobook: A History nke Martin Parr na Gerry Badger, [1] [4] Akwụkwọ ozi na-agwụ ike sitere na nchịkọta Martin Parr, [4] Outland nke Roger Ballen, Snaps nke Elliott Erwitt, na Eluigwe na aha  saịtị n'aka David Malin na Katherine Roucoux .

Na 2001 ọ tọrọ ntọala Chris Boot Ltd na London, na-emepụta na ibipụta ụfọdụ akwụkwọ foto iri anọ n'adabereghị ruo 2011.   

Site na Jenụwarị 2011 ruo Mee 2021, Boot bụ onye isi ụmụaka nke Aperture Foundation na New York.   

## Akwụkwọ ndị Boot nyere ma ọ bụ dezie ma e wezụga nke Chris Boot Ltd bipụtara.
 

## Chris Boot Ltd.
Onye ọrụ ya Chris Boot Ltd., ụlọ obibi foto nke na London na onye na-ahụ ihe ngosi, ngosi na 2001 ma ọrụ ruo 2011. O edi Lodz Ghetto Album nke Henryk Ross (2004) na Ihe Dị ka Ha Dị:  Foto Journalism na Context Ebe ọ bụ na 1955 site n'aka Mary Panzer na fr: Christian Caujolle (2005), ha abụọ meri nturu ugo ICP Infinity

Mgbe Boot hapụrụ na 2011 onye inyeaka ya Maxwell Anderson weghaara njikwa na ọ nweghị ọrụ ọhụrụ amalitere.

Chris Boot Ltd. bipụtara akwụkwọ foto ndị a:
 

## Ntụaka

Òtù:1960 births
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Vikki Tobak

Vikki Tobak bụ onye ode omenala, onye ode akwụkwọ, onye na-ahụ maka onwe ya na onye ite na Soviet-oge Kazakhstan onye tolitere na United States.  Ọ na-akọ akụkọ ma , mkpà mgba murabanyere, nka, ikpe nsogbu na eze na foto egwu 

## Ndụ mbido
Ezinụlọ Tobak kwagara Detroit, Michigan na ngwụcha 1970s mgbe ọ dị afọ ise. N'ajụjụ ọnụ e nyere onye nta akụkọ Ben Merlis maka akwụkwọ akụkọ online udiscovermusic.com, o kwuru banyere ahụmahụ egwu mbụ ya, "Adara m na Detroit - obodo ndị isi ojii na-emekarị, obodo na-adabere na egwu egwu, ebe egwu dị ebe ọ bụla ị na-aga. Ị na-anụ Motown, ị na-anụ Aretha na Stevie Wonder, nke ahụ bụ echiche m banyere ihe America bụ site na mmalite. "  Na Agha Nzuzo America, ụfọdụ ụmụ akwụkwọ ibe ya bụ ndị ọcha na-emesokarị ya n'enweghị ntụkwasị obi, ebe ndị isi ojii, ka ọ na-ekwu, na-anabata ya nke ọma.

Ọ bụ na Detroit ka ọ mikpuru onwe ya na omenala hip hop mbụ.  Otu New York dị ka Onye iro Ọha na EPMD nọ na-ede maka ịmepụta njirimara na ịchọ nkwanye ùgwù.  Ntugharị ahụ kpaliri ya ịbịaru nso na pulse ahụ.  Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ụma, Tobak si na Detroit kwaga New York City ebe, mgbe ọ rụchara ọrụ nwa oge dị ka onye na-akwụ ụgwọ ego na nwanyị ọnụ ụzọ n'ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ abalị a na-akpọ Nell's, ọ nwetara ọrụ ntinye ọkwa na Payday Records, akara ama ama maka ndị na-eme egwuregwu hip hop dị ka.  Gang Starr, Guru, DJ Premier, Jeru the Damaja, na Mos Def.[1]  Mgbe ọnwa ole na ole gasịrị na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, a kwalitere ya ka ọ bụrụ onye na-ere ahịa na onye nduzi PR, nke gụnyere ịhazi oge foto maka ndị na-ese ihe.  Ọ gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ egwu n'ime afọ iri itoolu, ahụmahụ ndị nyere ya echiche n'azụ ihe nkiri banyere ịrị elu nke omenala hip hop.  Ọmụma ihe ọmụma ya banyere isiokwu a tụbara ọrụ dị ka onye odeakụkọ egwu yana kwa onye na-ahụ maka foto egwu.[2] [3] [4] [5

iri itoolu, ahụmahụ ndị nyere ya echiche n'azụ ihe nkiri banyere ịrị elu nke omenala hip hop. Ọmụma onye n'ime ya na isiokwu a tụbara ọrụ dị ka onye odeakụkọ egwu yana kwa onye na-ahụ maka foto egwu.     

## Ọrụ
Vikki Tobak bụ onye ode omenala, onye ode akwụkwọ, onye na-ahụ maka onwe ya na onye ite na Soviet-oge Kazakhstan onye tolitere na United States.   Ọ na-akọ ma , mkpà mgba murabanyere, nka, ikpe nsogbu na eze na foto egwu
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Aspens, Northern New Mexico

.Aspens, Northern New Mexico bụ foto oji na ọcha nke onye America na-ese foto Ansel Adams sere na 1958 

## Akụkọ na nkọwa
Adams foto ahụ ahụ mgbe ọ na- mfe njem na Canyon de Chelly, na Arizona, ya na nri ya, Virginia, na ndị na-ese foto abụọ, Gerry Sharpe na Don Worth, n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1958. Nlebara anya ya  jidere na saịtị n'osisi aspens, na New Mexico, ji site na akwụkwọ edo edo ha.  O ihe ngwa ngwa ka ọ ago ma see ihe nkiri ahụ.  Ọ n'anya, sị: “N'azụ nọ na ndò nke ugwu [n'ebe ugwu Santa Fe], ìhè ahụ dị ike ma dị ike, ọ dịghị ihe ifufe na-akpali.  Ogwe osisi aspen dị akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na akwụkwọ ya na-acha odo odo.  E ji enyemaka ruset isi ala ike ahụ.  Ọ dị mfe 

Adams tụlere ịse foto na agba, mana o kpebiri ime ya na oji na ọcha, usoro ọkacha mmasị ya, nke nyere ya ohere ime ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti onyinyo ọhịa na akwụkwọ osisi. Adams kwuru na "Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na-ekiri ihe oyiyi kwụ ọtọ na-eche na ọ bụ ebe anwụ na-acha. Mgbe m na-akọwa na ọ na-anọchi anya ọkụ na-esi na mbara igwe na-egosipụtakwa ìhè site na igwe ojii dị anya, ụfọdụ na-abanyeghachi, "Mgbe ahụ gịnị kpatara o ji dị ka ọ dị. ọ na-eme?" Ajụjụ ndị dị otú ahụ na-echetara m na ọtụtụ ndị na-ekiri na-atụ anya na foto ga-abụ ihe ngosi nkịtị nke eziokwu, ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịzaghachi ihe oyiyi na-enweghị nchegbu maka eziokwu anụ ahụ nke isiokwu ahụ. "  

## Ahịa nka
. Mbipụta foto a rere nke $439,500 na Christie's New York, na 6-mabụ 2017

## Nchịkọta ọha
.Enwere ike nke foto ahụ, n'etiti nchịkọta ọha na eze ndị ọzọ, na Museum of Modern Art, na New York, ndị nwe ihe ngosi nka nke Whitney nke American Art, na New York, National Museum of American History, na Washington, DC  Akwụkwọ akwụkwọ Princeton University Art.  Ndị Eze ihe ngosi nka, na Princeton, na Museum of Fine Arts, na Houston     

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta foto ndị a na-ewere dị ka ihe kacha mkpa

## Ntụaka
Thomas Clarion

**Thomas Clarion** bu onye amụrụ na ubochi ịrị na ise na onwa Maachị na afọ otu puku,narị itoolu na iri asatọ na abụo. Ọ bu onye France na adịghị ahụ ụzọ  ma buru onye egwuregwu sky na biathlete nke gafere mba, amakwara ya dika onye na ahụ  maka ikwazi akwara. Clarion kpuru isi mgbe ọ gbara afọ iri abuo . o gwu o la egwuregwu asoro mampi nathe Winter Paralympics na afo puku abuo na iri, puku abuo na iri na anọ, tinyere na afo puku abuo na iri na asatọ.

## Ọrụ
Thomas Clarion sonyere na asọmpi Paralympic mbụ ya na afo puku abuo na iri 2010 ma ghara inwe ihe nrite n'oge asọmpi ahụ. O kwuru na o nwetara ọla nchara abụọ na 2014 Winter Paralympics na ihe omume ụmụ nwoke 10km cross-country skiing na 4 x 2.5 km relay open event.

LỌ gara n'ihu na-anọchite anya France na 2018 Winter Paralympics, ihe omume Paralympic nke atọ ya ma jisie ike nweta ọla nchara na ihe omume ịgba ọsọ n'elu ugwu nke ụmụ nwoke 20km n'efu nke na-adịghị ahụ ụzọ nke ọma nke bụkwa ihe nrite Paralympic ya nke atọ.   O kwuru na o nwetara ihe nrite ọla edo mbụ ya na Paralympic n'oge 2018 Winter Paralympics mgbe o meriri ihe omume ụmụ nwoke 4 x 2.5 km relay open team maka France yana ndị otu ndị ọzọ gụnyere Benjamin Daviet na Anthony Chalençon.&nbsp;

## Edensibịa

## Njikọ mpụga

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ihichapụ Oké Ifufe nke Oge Oyi, Ogige Ntụrụndụ Yosemite

Ikpochapụ oke oke mmiri ozuzo, Yosemite National Park, California bụ foto ojii na ọcha nke Ansel Adams, c.  1937. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke foto eserese nke okike okike Adams si na Inspiration Point, na Ndagwurugwu Yosemite, kemgbe 1930s.

## Akụkọ na nkọwa
 Nke a ina foto a ma nke Adams na-ese na Yosemite National Park, na-egosi ọtụtụ akara ngosi okike a na-ahụ anya site n'echiche ahụ, ya bụ El Capitan, Bridalveil Falls, Katidral Rocks, na Half Dome,  egwuregwu n'aka ekpe, ihe niile na-ahụkwa na ya.  foto ya ndị ọzọ.  Ụfọdụ foto mbụ ya na-egosiegosi ala ahụ n'oge ụmụ, mana nke a bụ nke doro anya na ọ bụ n'oge oyi .  Oge oké ifufe snow na-ekpochapụ, na-enye ndị eze ịhụ ndị odida obodo nke Yosemite Valley, na ntụaka ha na aro ndị a na-ahụ anya, nke snow ka kpuchiri, mere ka nke a bụrụ foto ya echefu echefu.

.  Adams kwuru na “Mgbe m bi na Yosemite enwere m ohere dị ukwuu ịgbaso ìhè na oke ifufe, na-atụ anya ịhụ ọnọdụ ndị na-atọ ụtọ mgbe niile.  E nwere ọtụtụ narị ihe omume ihu igwe dị egwu n'ime afọ ndị gafeworonụ, ma ohere ịse foto ha bụ nanị ihe mberede nke oge na ebe...”  oké ifufe malitere ikpochapụ.  Ọ kọwara na echiche ya bụ akụkụ nke odida obodo kpaliri echiche ya: "N'ebe a, mmadụ enweghị ike ịgafe ihe karịrị otu narị mita ma ọ bụ karịa gaa n'aka ekpe na-eruteghị ọnụ ọnụ ọnụ ugwu ndị fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ n'elu osimiri Merced.  aka nri ga-etinye ihuenyo osisi ma ọ bụ chọọ ọnọdụ na-adịghị mma n'okporo ụzọ ahụ, ịga n'ihu ga-eme ka ọdachi dakwasị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ

## Ụbọchị
Enweela esemokwu n'oge a na-ese foto, ebe Adams nyere ozi na-emegiderịta onwe ya. N'akwụkwọ ya *Examples: The Making of 40 Photographs* (1983), ọ na-azọrọ na e weere ya na 1940. N'akwụkwọ ya na-esote, *Ansel Adams: An Autobiography* (1984), o kwuru na ọ sitere na 1944. A nabatara ụbọchị a ruo mgbe e rere mbipụta mbụ ya na ụbọchị 1938 na Sotheby's na 2005. Mary Stuar Alinder tụrụ aro ụbọchị nke Disemba 1935, dịka nyocha nke Donald W. Olson siri dị. 

## Ahịa nka
 Mbipụta ihe osise nke foto a rere site na $722,500 na Sotheby's New York, na June 2010, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ elele elele nke foto Ansel Adams ruru.

## Nchịkọta ọha
 E nwere nke foto na ọtụtụ nchịkọta akụkọ, egwu Museum of Modern Art, na New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, na New York, National Gallery of Art, na Washington, DC, Philadelphia Museum of Art, na Art Institute of Chicago,  J. Paul Getty Museum, na Los Angeles, na ndị dike ihe ngosi nke Toledo .    

## Ntụaka
N'abalị, Ọdọ Mmiri McDonald, Ogige Ntụrụndụ Glacier

alt=A black-and-white photograph shows a large, still lake extending horizontally off the frame and halfway up vertically, reflecting the rest of the scene. In the distance, a mountain range can be seen, with a gap in the center and one faint smaller mountain in between. The sky is cloudy and large dark clouds rest at the very top of the frame.|thumb|300x300px| ''Mgbede, McDonald Lake, Glacier National Park'' (1942)
Mgbede, McDonald Lake, Glacier National Park bụ foto ojii na ọcha nke Ansel Adams sere na 1942. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị otu ahụ o weghaara ọtụtụ ibu mba United States na 1941 na 1942 na usoro aha ya bụ Ansel Adams Photographs of  Ogige Ochie na Ncheta Mba, 1941-1942

## Nyocha
Edere foto a na Glacier National Park na Montana ma mmetụta nke ɔdɔ mmirika McDonald, na-ele anya n'ugwu ndị dị anya na igwe ojii.  Foto a na-egosi ịhụnanya mmiri ka na-elu n'ihu na etiti ya na kwụpụta, na-ụ ihe ndị ọzọ ebe ahụ.  N'ebe dị anya, anya ịhụ ugwu ugwu, nke nwere oghere dị n'etiti na otu ugwu dị egwu n'etiti.  Ihu igwe bụ ígwé ojii na nnukwu ígwé ojii na-anọkwa n'elu osisi ahụ

Edebere foto a na usoro Ansel Adams Foto nke National Parks and Monuments, 1941 - 1942 na National Archives na College Park.  Enwekwara akara na Library of Congress, na Washington, DC 

## Ntụaka
Lodgepole Pines, Lyell Fork nke Osimiri Merced

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|300x300px| ''Lodgepole Pines, Lyell Fork nke Merced River, Yosemite National Park'' (1921)
Lodgepole Pines, Lyell Fork nke Merced River, Yosemite National Park bụ foto ojii na ọcha nke Ansel Adams sere na 1921. Ọ bụ otu n'ime foto ndị o sere na nke ọrụ ya, mgbe ọ na-agba ọsọ ọrụ ọrụ, ụdị  nke sitere na nsogbu, na n'oge na-adịghị anya ọ ga-ahapụ maka ụzọ ezi uche dị na ya maka foto foto.  Foto a nwere aha A Grove of Tamarack Pine na Pọtụfoliyo Parmelian Prints of the High Sierra Pọtụfoliyo ya, nke e eserese na 1927, na aha ahụ mmepụta ya.

Foto a bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ n'ime ụdị ụdị nke weere n'oge a na Yosemite National Park .  Rachel McLean Sailor egwuregwu a dị ka "ihe na-atọ ụtọ n'ụdị, na-ebufe ebe ndị siri ike gaa n'ebe dị nro, ebe ndị yiri nrọ.

E nwere ike nke foto a, mgbe ụfọdụ na aha ọzọ ha, nke a na-enwe na nchịkọta nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ihe nka nka, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, Los Angeles  County Museum of Art., New Mexico Museum of Art, Santa Fe na National Gallery nke Australia, Canberra   

## Ntụaka
Tetons na Osimiri Agwọ

thumb|350x350px| ''Tetons na Osimiri Snake'' (1942)
Tetons na ọcha Snake bụ foto ojii na nke Ansel Adams sere na 1942, na Grand Teton National Park, na Wyoming .  Ọ bụ otu n'ime foto ya kacha mara amara na nke kacha mma.

## Nyocha
Ewere foto a site n'echiche dị elu ma na-egosi gosiri Snake na mba ugwu.  Foto ojii na-acha ọcha na-enwu n'ụzọ dị egwu na-egosi osimiri, nke isi sitere na ala aka nri gaa n'etiti aka ekpe nke foto a.  Osisi ndị gbara akwụkwọ na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-ekpuchi akwa aka ekpe nke dị n'ụdị aka ekpe nke osimiri ahụ, na osisi ndị na-adị mfe mfe na-ekpuchikwa aka nri.  N'ime ọkara elu nke etiti ahụ, mkpuchi oke ugwu dị ogologo, gbara mana o doro anya na snow kpuchiri ya.  Eluigwe juputara n'ụdị ụfọdụ, mana ọ bụ naanị obere urukpuru na ndị ọzọ, ọmụmụ na-enwu ka ìhè wee pụta ìhè n'àgwà ahụ n'ebe ndị a. 

## Ahịa nka
Ejiri $98,000 rere foto foto a na Sotheby's New York, na Disemba 14, 2020, ọnụ ọgụgụ mgbasa ozi elu nke ọrụ Ansel Adams ruru. 

## Nchịkọta ọha
E nwere akara foto a na nchịkọta nke ọtụtụ ihe ngosi nka nka, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, Philadelphia Museum of Art, J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, na University of Michigan Museum of Art .  na Ann Arbor.  

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta foto ndị a na-ewere dị ka ihe kacha mkpa

## Ntụaka
Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie na Omenala Ndị A Ma Ama

Ndị dike ihe ngosi nka nke nka na omenala ndị ama ama bụ ụlọ ngosi nka dị na Algiers isi obodo Algeria .  Ọ na-e mkpaka nke Algeria, egwu akwa akwa, ihe omume mma, ite na uwe.  [1] Ndị dike ihe ngosi nka dị n'obi Ottoman nke ike awụ nke 16 bụbu.  [1] A na-akpụbu ebe obibi Turkey dị ka Dar Bakri 

## Hụkwa

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* https://web.archive.org/web/20110906120104/http://www.musee-mnatp.art.dz/
Winter Sunrise, Sierra Nevada, site na Lone Pine, California

Winter Sunrise, Sierra Nevada, si Lone Pine, California bụ foto ojii na ọcha nke onye America na-ese foto Ansel Adams sere na 1944. Ọ na-egosi Sierra Nevada, dị ka a pụta site na Lone Pine, na California

## Akụkọ na nkọwa
Adams nọ na-ese foto ebe a na-Mebe Manzanar maka ndị America America, na 1943 na 1944, mgbe o sere foto a, nke o weere dị ka otu n'ime ihe kacha mma ya.  Adams ji ụgbọ ala ruo ụbọchị anọ na Lone Pine, n'oge oyi nke 1944, n'isi ụtụtụ, na-atụ anya na ọ ga-enwe ike ịse foto ese nke obodo Sierra Nevada, ma chere ihu igwe ojii na-ekpo.  ọkụ ma ọ dịghị ike ime ya 

N'ụbọchị nke anọ, Adams mechara nwee ike weghara ndidi anya nke Sierra Nevada, na oke oyi, mgbe chiaroscuro nke ọmụmụ ka na-ahụ anya.  Ihu ihu nke foto a na-egosi Mono Lake, bụbu na ndị na-egosi, ma nke mmiri ya na- መሪ na Los Angeles, nke Adams kwara ụta nke ukwuu.  A na-ahụ ụkwụ ka ọ na-ata nri n'ebe dị anya, n'ehihie ụtụtụ, nke nwere ọtụtụ osisi dị ka ndabere ya.  A na-ekpuchi ugwu Alabama na chiaroscuro nke ndị mụrụ, ebe n'ugwu nke aka ekpe ka a na-ahụ anya, n'agbanyeghị Adams mere iji ya, nnukwu akwụkwọ ozi LP, nke ụmụ akwụkwọ nke Lone Pine High School mere  .  Adams anya ihe mere o ji mee otú ahụ, sị: “Ọ bụ ihe jọgburu onwe ya na mkparị dị n’otu n’ime ihe ndị mara mma nke ala anyị, na-egosikwa na foto ọ lara emere n’ahụ ahụ.  Eji m obi mmetụta ihe m nwere ike ime nke LP site na ihe ihe (na ugwu aka ekpe), na-ahụkwa mgbe niile ihe ọ ALA ike na akara ahụ.  Ụfọdụ katọrọ m maka ime nke a, mana ike m onye ọcha iji mee ka ọnyà dịgide ma si otú ahụ bibie - maka m, ma ọ chọrọ ala - ịma mma ahụ na izu oke nke ọnọdụ.  "Snow ahụ kpuchiri ugwu nkume nkume nke Sierra Nevada na ụfọdụ ígwé ojii na-acha ọkụ na-ahụ n'azụ

## Nchịkọta ọha
 E nwere ike nke foto na Metropolitan Museum of Art, na New York, National Museum of American History, na Washington, DC, ndị dike ihe ngosi nke Philadelphia, J. Paul Getty Museum, na Los Angeles, na Los Angeles County.  Ndị dike ihe ngosi nka nke Art, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Ndị dike ihe ngosi nka dị elu, na Atlanta, n'etiti ndị ọzọ.     

## Ntụaka
Ụzọ Ndị ìsì

[thumb|Okporo ụzọ Braille na Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden na [Cape Town, South Africa]]
**Ụzọ Ndị ìsì** bụ ụzọ iga ije ma ọ bụ ụzọ ime njem nke e mere ka ndị na-adịghị ahụ ụzọ nwee ike iga. Karịsịa, a na-ejikarị eriri ma ọ bụ ihe mgbochi anụ ahụ ndị ọzọ akọwa ụzọ, na akara na akara ndị ọzọ nwere ụda ma ọ bụ dee na Braille.

Otu ihe atụ bụ Watertown Riverfront Park na Braille Trail n'akụkụ Charles River Reservation na Watertown, Massachusetts, nke mba United States of Amerika, nke meghere na ọnwa Julaị na afo puku abuo na iri na isii. Otu waya na-eduzi na-aga n'akụkụ ụzọ mal otu ọgbara nke uzo anọ  (narị mita anọ), nke dị n'ókè nke ogige ntụrụndụ nwere ọtụtụ ihe nke gụnyere ụgbọ mmiri osisi iji rịgoro na bench egwu.

## Ihe odide

Òtù:Visibilizing disabilities in Nigeria (1.0)
Zoë Charlton

thumb
Zoë Charlton (amuru 1973) bu onye omenkà nke oge a nke America na onye prọfesọ zuru oke nke Art na Mahadum George Mason.

## Akụkọ ndụ
A ejikọtara Charlton na Eglin Air Force Base, Florida na 1973. [1] O ikike nzere bachelọ nke Arts na ngwaọrụ na Mahadum Florida State wee nweta nzere Master of Arts na Mahadum Texas dị na Austin .  [2] O sonyela na ebe obibi na Ucross Foundation (WY, 2019), Artpace (TX, 2018), Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture (ME, 2001) na The Patterson Residency for the Creative Alliance (MD, 2003) .  Charlton sokwa na mmemme ihe nkiri Drawing Center (NY) site na 2001 ruo 2003

Agụnyela ọrụ Charlton na ihe ngosi nke mba na mba ụwa Zacheta National Gallery of Art (Warsaw, Poland), Haas & Fischer Gallery (Zurich, Switzerland), Contemporary Arts Museum Houston, Studio Museum na Harlem (NYC, NY)., Clementine  Osisi (NYC, NY), na Wendy Cooper Gallery (Chicago, IL), [1] [2] na Delaware Contemporary (DE), na Harvey B. Gantt Center (NC), Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art (AR).  Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Studio nke Harlem (NY), na Contemporary Art Museum (TX)

## Nchịkọta
Ụbọchị Charlton dị na mkpokọta Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, [1] Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, [2] The Phillips Collection, [3] Rose Art Museum [4] na Birmingham Museum of nka

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* The Phillips na-anakọta: Zoë Charlton
* Zöe Charlton webụsaịtị gọọmentị
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Brandon Breaux

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|333x333px|Breaux mgbe o kwusịrị okwu na Luminaire na Chicago
**Brandon Breaux** bụ onye na-ese ihe n'ọtụtụ ngalaba si South Side nke Chicago nke ọrụ ya gụnyere mmanụ na ákwà na nka dijitalụ.   

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
Breaux tolitere na mpaghara Chatham na Grand Crossing na South Side nke Chicago. Breaux gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum DePaul na 2006. 

## Ọrụ
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|333x333px|Breaux na studio na Hyde Park Art CenterEbe Ọrụ Nkà nke Hyde Park
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|333x333px|Breaux tupu mmeghe nke ihe ngosi onwe ya BIG WORDS na Blanc Art Gallery na Chicago
Breaux mepụtara ihe osise mkpuchi nke 2012 Chance the Rapper debut mixtape 10 DAY. Breaux mepụtara ihe osise maka *Acid Rapid* na Coloring Book mixtapes, na egwu 2018 nke Chance "Wala Cam", "65th na Ingleside" na "Work Out".

Ihe ngosi nke mbụ ya na US, BIG WORDS, gụnyere eserese, mbipụta, na imewe ejiji, Anna Cerniglia na Alison Cuddy haziri ya maka Blanc Gallery.   N'ime nyocha maka Dazed, Vanessa Murrell kwuru na ihe ngosi ahụ na-eji mkpụrụedemede na ọnụ ọgụgụ eme ihe iji kpalie ọrụ ụbụrụ aka nri na aka ekpe nke onye na-ekiri ya.

## Onyinye na nsọpụrụ
Magazin *Ebony* kpọrọ Breaux na ndepụta ya nke ndị isi ojii nke 2022 EBONY Power 100 . 

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Prince Demah

thumb|''Foto nke William Duguid'', (1773), Metropolitan Museum of ArtEbe Ngosi Ihe Ochie nke Metropolitan
**Prince Demah** (ihe dị ka --ignore="true" id="mwDw" style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1745&#x2009; - Machị 1778) bụ onye America na-ese ihe nke ndị nna nna Africa bụ onye bụbu ohu ma na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Boston na ngwụcha afọ 1700. Dị ka The Metropolitan Museum of Art si kwuo, Demah bụ "naanị onye na-ese ihe a maara dị ka ohu na-arụ ọrụ na America nke ihe osise ya dị. "

## Ndụ na ọrụ
Nne Demah bụ nwanyị ohu aha ya bụ Daphney. E mere ya na nne ya baptizim na Trinity Church, Boston, na 1745. 

Henry Barnes, onye ahịa Boston, zụrụ Demah na Nọvemba 1769.  Barnes kwuru na ọ zụrụ Demah na ebumnuche nke "melite ọgụgụ isi ya na eserese". N'ọnwa Ọktoba 1770, Barnes kpọọrọ Demah gaa London. N'ọnwa Febụwarị nke afọ sochirinụ, Barnes dere na Demah natara nkuzi site n'aka "Maazị Pine onye weere ya naanị maka ọgụgụ isi ya". A na-eche na nke a bụ onye Britain na-ese ihe osise Robert Edge Pine, onye na-arụ ọrụ na London n'oge ahụ ma mesịa biri na Philadelphia.

E nwere foto atọ a ma ama nke Demah. Ihe osise ya nke William Duguid, onye na-ere ákwà na-akwaga na Scotland nke bi na Boston, dị na nchịkọta nke Metropolitan Museum of Art na New York City. Onye na-ese ihe bịanyere aka na onyinyo Duguid "Prince Demah Barnes" ma dee ya na 1773. Ihe osise nke ndị nwe ya Henry na Christian Barnes nke Marlborough, Massachusetts, nke Susan Barker Willard nyere Hingham Historical Society, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bịaghị aka, a na-eche na ọ bụ Demah.[2]

Demah nwụrụ n'afọ sochirinụ site na ọrịa a na-amaghị ama, ma eleghị anya kịtịkpa. Na Machị 11, 1778, o dere akwụkwọ testament ya, nke ọ bịanyere aka na ya dị ka "Prince Demah nke Boston...a limner" na "Negro nweere onwe ya". Demah nyere "Nne Daphne Demah" ya ihe onwunwe ya. E dekọrọ olili ya otu izu ka e mesịrị na Trinity Church, Boston . 

## Edensibia
Zachary fabri

Zachary Fabri ( ከውጭ 1977 na Miami, FL ) bụ onye na-ese ihe dị iche iche na Brooklyn, NY  

## Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
Akwụkwọ ikike BFA dị na Mahadum Florida na 2000, foto na Universität der Künste, Berlin wee nweta Master of Fine Arts site na Hunter College na 2007 na Combined Media

## Ọrụ
Ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ya gbasara arụmọrụ na vidiyo ma na-arụ ọrụ site na isiokwu echiche nke gburugburu, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na nwoke ojii.  

Na 2007 Fabri nwere ihe ngosi solo na Aljira Center for Contemporary Art na Newark, NJ.  [1] [2] [3] Ya na Bessie Award na-emeri choreographer Joanna Kotze na "Chọta Onwe Gị Ebe a," na Baryshnikov Arts Center na 2015, àgwà aka na onye na-ese ihe Torkwase Dyson na 2019, na-  eme ihe ọkpụkpụ ya na Colby College na New Orleans Museum of Art wee soro Mickalene rụkọọ ọrụ.  Thomas na ihe ngosi Henry Art Gallery ya, MUSE maka “tête-à-tête.    

Vidiyo Fabri weputara na Art World Conference nke 2020 site na arụmọrụ ya na mbipụta izizi ha n'ịntanetị. 

Na 2020 Fabri meriri Colene Brown Art Prize. 

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ihe mmeri

Winsom ( mmalite 1946) [1] bụ onye Canada- Jamaican Maroon onye na-ese mgbasa ozi ọtụtụ ihe na-arụ ọrụ na akwa, ngwaọrụ, vidiyo, nrụnye, na nwa nwa.  [2] Ụbọchị ya na-egosi ọnọdụ ime echiche  

Akiri Winsom na 1946 na Jamaica, [1] ebe ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Jamaica School of Art .  [2] Ọ kwagara Canada na 1969. [1] Site na 1974 ruo 1989, o biri na obodo Kingston, Ontario na o mebere Kingston's Black Women's Collective.

## Ihe ngosi
Winsom nọ na- ozi ọrụ ya ohu etiti 1980 na veranda gburugburu ụwa.  [1] E ọrụ ya na ihe ngosi, " Black Wimmin: Mgbe na Ebe Anyị na-abanye "(1989), nke Diasporic Africa Women's Art Collective (DAWA) haziri, bụ nke mere njem na Canada.  [2] O meela ihe ngosi solo na Art Gallery nke Ontario na National Gallery nke Cayman Islands .  [1] Na 2003, Winsom nwere ihe ngosi a na-agba n'otu oge na veranda Toronto. 

E taka ọrụ Winsom na ihe ngosi otu 2017 Toronto: Tributes + Tributes, 1971-1989 na Art Gallery nke Ontario, nke Wanda Nanibush akwụkwọ.

Na 2018 ruo 2019, Art Gallery nke Ontario nta ihe ngosi solo nke ọrụ ya, nke Andrea Fatona chepụtara, nke isiokwu ya bụ "M Bilie".  [1] Ọ bụ n'okwu a ka Winsom soro ndị otu Black Wimmin Artists (BWA) soro na-eri nri ịza The Feast na 2019. [2] [3] E sere nrụnye ya ákwà "Masks anyị na-eyi"  na Agnes Etherington Art Center na 2022

## Ihe nrite na nkwanye ugwu
Ugbu a Magazin ndị Winsom dị ka "onye na-ese ihe nke ụnwapụta ihe mere eme ojii na Toronto

Na 2015, ọ bụ onye nna nke Doctorate Honorary na Mahadum OCAD

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Official website
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Wilson Bigaud

Wilson Bigaud (29 Jenụarrị 1931 – 22 Ma ọchịchị 2010) [1] bụ onye na-ese ihe na Haiti .  Ozi na Port-au-Prince, Bigud buru ụzọ ụzọ ọrụ na ụrọ tupu ọ ihe onye na-ese ihe .  Na ihe ngosi mba ụwa na Washington, DC, na 1950 Bigaud meri ebe nke abụọ maka ịhụ "Paradise".  Ọ na-esekwa ihe osise na Holy Trinity Cathedral nke Port-au-Prince nke na-egosi na ike na Cana .  Ọ bụ onye otu ndị nka nke Hector Hyppolite hiwere.

## Ntụaka

* 
*
Ụlọ ngosi nke Nwaanyị

The Woman Mede Gallery (WMG) bụ ụlọ ọrụ Chicago na-anaghị akwụ ụgwọ mara maka ibuli ụmụ nwanyị na ndị na-ese ihe na-abụghị ọnụọgụ abụọ site na ihe ngosi, otu, na mmemme mkparịta ụka obodo.  Ọhụụ nwanyị Mere bụ ịhụ na nha nhata nke nka nke ụmụ nwanyị na ụwa nka.  WMG bụ ụlọ ọrụ nka nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ kacha ogologo nke Chicago yana otu n'ime ndị isi na-akwalite nka ụmụ nwanyị na US.

Tọrọ ntọala na 1992, site na Kelly Hensen na Beate Minkovski, [1] Woman Made Gallery akwadola ihe ngosi ihe ngosi 400 ma gosipụta ihe karịrị ụmụ nwanyị 9,000 na-ese ihe.[2] 

Ejikọtala gallery ahụ na ndị nka dịka Judy Chicago na Faith Ringgold 

## Mmepe
Ebube ụlọ emere na Ravenswood Manor na Chicago's Northside (4646 N Rockwell St), site na 1992 Ọgọst 1997. WMG wee kwaga Prairie Avenue (1900 S. Prairie Ave), [1] ndị ogbe ndị Chicago site na 1997-2003.  Ebe a dị n'etiti ma mpaghara nso na mpaghara ndị mmadụ dị iche iche.  Ebe ọhụrụ ahụ igwefoto ihe ngosi ma kwe ka WMG ọrụ bụ mkpokọta na-adịgide adịgide.  Na Maylọ 2003 WMG kwagara ọzọ na Humboldt Park (2418 W Bloomingdale Ave) [2] ), ebe ha ngwaọrụ ruo Nọvemba 2005. WMG kwagara na 685 N. Milwaukee Ave, dị nso na Intuit: Center for Intuitive and Outsider Art na ebe mbụ  nke ARC Gallery.  Oghere a dị square 3,000 nwere ọkwa abụọ.  Na 2017, WMG kwagara ebe ọ dị ugbu a na Lacuna Lofts (2150 S. Canalport Ave, Suite 4A3 )

## Ozi
Onye adi gallery a, Beate Minkovski, kwuru na Najụjụ ọnụ na ihe kacha mkpa gallery ahụ bụ inye nhọrọ maka echiche ụmụ na-ese ihe.  Ọ gbakwụnyere, "Nwanyị Mere na-e Mega niche dị mkpa, ọ bụghị naanị igbu a, ihe maka ngwaọrụ," ka Minkovski na-ekwu.  "Ọhụ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ịsị, ụlọ ọrụ ndị America: ọ dị mkpa ka ọ bụ na ha si? Ọ dị mgbe ha ha adị mkpa? Mgbe ndị mmadụ na-amụ, sị, 'Ị bụ otu ihe?  mere na m ibu gosiri ọrụ m?'  anyị na-ekwubu, 'Ị nwere ụwa dum ebe ị ga-egosi.  

## Logo
WMG nke ugbu a logo e mere na 2012 site otu otu na Firebelly University.  Akara ngosi, “W” na “M” ọnụ na-egosi ka ụmụ na nka na-akwado ibe ha.

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Official website
* *Chicago Art Magazine*, "ARC & Woman Made Gallery on the Issue of Feminism"
Adama Kouyaté

**Adama Kouyaté** (1928 - 14 Febrụwarị 2020) bụ onye na-ese foto Mali. 

## Akụkọ ndụ
Na 1944, Kouyaté gara Bamako ịchọ ọrụ. Ọ banyere n'Ụlọ Nzukọ Foto Soudanais, ụlọ ọrụ foto mbụ na Mali, ma mesịa guzobe Ụlọ Nzukọ Foto Kati, dị nso na Bamako. Na 1964, ọ gara Ouagadougou ma meghee Ụlọ Nzukọ Foto Voltaïque tupu ya alaghachi Mali afọ anọ ka e mesịrị, n'obodo Ségou . N'ime oge ọrụ ya niile, Kouyaté weghaara ikuku nke obodo Mali obere oge ka nnwere onwe gasịrị. 

Kouyaté nwụrụ na 14 February 2020 mgbe ọ dị afọ 92.

## Ihe ngosi

* Foto nke La Librairie, Paris (2011)
* "Ịse foto nke ahụ mmadụ: Eserese Malian site na Studio ruo n'okporo ámá", Perlman Teaching Museum, Northfield, Minnesota

## Edensibia
Bamako ịchọ ọrụ. Ọ banyere n'Ụlọ Nzukọ Foto Soudanais, ụlọ ọrụ foto mbụ na Mali, ma mesịa
Sidy Fassara Diabaté

**Sidy Fassara Diabaté** (amụrụ 1950) bụ onye isi ihe nkiri Mali.

## Akụkọ ndụ
Amụrụ na Bamako, Diabaté gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Bamako.  Ọ gara n'ihu n'ihe ọmụmụ ya na Ecole Normale Supérieure de Bamako wee gụchaa na 1974.  Diabaté bụ onye nkuzi akụkọ ihe mere eme na ọdịdị ala na Lycée Notre Dame du Niger wee kenye ya ilekọta ule baccalaureate. Na 1979, ọ họọrọ ịchụso ọrụ sinima ka o sonye na asọmpi nke Ministri mgbasa ozi haziri.  O nwechaghị mmasị na sinima na mbụ, kama ọ bịara hụ ya dị ka ụzọ magburu onwe ya isi gosipụta omenala. Diabaté zụrụ azụ n'ịme ihe nkiri na Center National de Production Cinématgraphique. Na 1986, ọ na-eduzi obere ihe nkiri mbụ ya, *Veillee à Bolongué* . 

## Ihe nkiri

* 1986 : *Veillee à Bolongué* (obere ihe nkiri)
* 2003 : *Le Mali na March* (akwụkwọ)
* 2007 : *Le Mali, na-akwụ au féminin* (obere ihe nkiri)
* 2011 : *[[Da Monzon, la conquête de Samanyana]]*

## Edensibia
guzobe Ụlọ Nzukọ Foto Kati, dị nso na Bamako. Na 1964, ọ gara Ouagadougou ma meghee Ụlọ Nzukọ Foto

## Njikọ mpụga

*  na nchekwa data ihe nkiri ịntanetị
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Rosetta DeBerardinis

**Rosetta DeBerardinis** bụ onye America na-ese ihe (amụrụ na New York)  na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a na New York City.

## Mmụta
Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Vassar College  ma nwee akara ugo mmụta dị elu na Mahadum nke District of Columbia, Mahadum Baltimore School of Law, ma gụọkwa na London School for Social Research, Mahadum Rice, na Fashion Institute of Technology.

## Onyinye
DeBerardinis enwetala ọtụtụ onyinye site na District of Columbia Commission on the Arts and Humanities  na Liquitex, onye na-emepụta ihe nka ọkachamara. 

## Ihe osise
DeBerardinis bụ onye na-ese ihe na-enweghị atụ nke nwere ọrụ dị ka ụkwụ itoolu,  na akụkụ atọ nke na-agụnye ihe ndị a rụgharịrị arụgharị.  E gosipụtara ọrụ nka ya na mba na mba ụwa na ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie,  [2]   mahadum, [4] na ebe nka [4]   [4] [5] ma tinye ya na nchịkọta ọha na eze na nke onwe. E gosipụtara ọrụ ya na The Corcoran Gallery of Art, Hampton University Museum, Dallas Women's Museum, City Museum of Varaždin, Croatia, The Museum of Latin American Art, Noyes Museum, African American Museum of Dallas, na Islip Museum.

Ọ na-ekwu maka ọrụ nke ya:"Enweghị akụkọ nnọchiteanya. Ebumnuche m bụ inweta mmeghachi omume aghụghọ na ịkpali mmeghachihachi omume mmetụta uche ma ọ bụ anya. A naghị atụ anya onye na-ekiri ihe na-ahụ anya ka ọ hụ ihe m hụrụ, kama iji ọrụ ahụ mee ihe dị ka isi iyi maka nghọta ha dabere na nzacha nke onwe ha ma ọ bụ obi, mkpụrụ obi, ụbụrụ ma ọ bụ Anya ha. Ihe osise ọ bụla chọrọ itinye ihe na-ejikọta ya. Ọrụ ahụ na-amalite ma mechie ya na-agba egwú. Usoro okike na-ede oge ahụ bụ naanị ịkụ. "M na-ahụ ka m na-agbasa, na-agbanye, na-emegharị, na-aga n'ihu".

## Nchịkọta
A na-edebe ọrụ DeBerardinis na nchịkọta na-adịgide adịgide ndị a:

* Nchịkọta nke Obodo Washington, DC 
* Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie Black Mountain 

## Onyinye

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Alioune Bâ

**Alioune Bâ** (amụrụ 1959) bụ onye na-ese foto Mali .  

A mụrụ Bâ na Bamako . Ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Musée National du Mali (National Museum of Mali)  na 1983. Nkà ya na-elekwasị anya na ahụ,  karịsịa aka na ụkwụ nke ndị ọ na-achị.

## Mbipụta

### Mbipụta nke Bâ

* *Foto Alioune Ba.* Les Carnets de la Creation. Montreuil, France: De l Oeil, 1985.  . Site na edemede Claudie Rieu, "Le bruissement du monde".

### Mbipụta nwere ntinye aka nke Bâ

* *Foto de Bamako: de 1935 à nos jours.* Nchịkọta Soleil. Paris: Revue Noire, 1989. ISBN&nbsp; . Foto nke Bâ, Mountaga Dembélé, Seydou Keïta, Félix Diallo, Sakaly, AMAP, Emmanuel Daou, Abdourahmane Sakaly, Malick Sidibé, na ndị ọzọ. Site na Érika Nimis ederede. Na French na Bekee.

## Edensibia
guzobe Ụlọ Nzukọ Foto Kati, dị nso na Bamako. Na 1964, ọ gara Ouagadougou ma meghee Ụlọ Nzukọ Foto

## Njikọ mpụga

* Akụkọ ndụ Alioune Bâ
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Maxwell Mutanda

**Maxwell Mutanda** (amụrụ 1983) bụ onye omenkà, onye mmebe, onye nyocha imewe na onye ọchụnta ego. Ọ bụ onye nchoputa nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe **Studio [D] Tale**, nke sitere na London, Harare, na Cape Town, South Africa .  Mutanda na-eji kọlọji na omume ụkpụrụ ụlọ iji mee ka nhazi nsonye na -adigide.

## Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
Amụrụ na Harare, Zimbabwe na 1983,  Mutanda gụrụ akwụkwọ na Bartlett School of Architecture na London.  Na 2020, ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta MSc na mmepe obodo na-adigide yana nkuzi Sheehan na Mahadum Oxford . 

## Ọrụ
Muntanda kwadoro Studio [D] Akụkọ ya na onye mmebe ya, Safia Qureshi.  Magazin dị n'ịntanetị Design Indaba dere na Studio [D] Tale "nnwale n'ofe ọzụzụ nwere pọtụfoliyo nke gụnyere ụkpụrụ ụlọ, nyocha obodo, mmepụta ihe ọhụrụ maka imewe na nkwukọrịta dị oke mkpa."  Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ haziri nkwalite ndị na-ere ahịa maka ndị na-ere n'okporo ámá Harare na 2016.   N'otu afọ ahụ, Ọ nọ na-arụ ọrụ a ụzọ ike "pop-upụka" mmụọ nsọ Katọlik na Philippines na-ejide uka na efu malls.  Mutanda nwetara mkpakọrịta site na IdeasCity New Orleans, atụmatụ nke New Museum na New York, Africa'sOut! Artist-in-Residence na Denniston Hill, New York (2018), na British Council 's ColabNowNow Residency, na Maputo, Mozambique .  N'afọ 2020, ọ nwetara mkpakọrịta Eyebeam iji mụọ "ọdịiche data mkpanaka na mpaghara ndịda Sahara Africa".  Nakwa na 2020, ọ natara onyinye sitere na Graham Foundation maka ọrụ ya *(Na) Mgbanwe Ọfụfụ* .  N'ime oge 2020–2021, Mutanda nwetara mkpakọrịta sitere na Akademie Schloss Solitude . 

## Ihe ngosi
E gosipụtara ọrụ Mutanda na Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, na Copenhagen, Denmark na Arc en Rêve Center d'Architecture, Bordeaux, France, abụọ na 2015. Na mgbakwunye, ọrụ Studio [D] Tale dị na Oslo Architecture Triennale na Oslo, Norway na 2019, Biennale Architettura, Venice na 2014 na 2016, Chicago Architecture Biennial na London Design Festival na 2015.  

## Edensibia
na-ejide uka na efu malls.  Mutanda nwetara mkpakọrịta site na IdeasCity New Orleans, atụmatụ nke New Museum na New York,

## Njikọ mpụga

* Weebụsaịtị gọọmentị
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ