Bianca Jones Marlin

thumb|Bianca Jones Marlin
**Bianca Jones Marlin, Ph.D.** bụ onye ọkà mmụta nke America na Herbert and Florence Irving Assistant Prọfesọ nke nyocha mkpụrụ ndụ na Zuckerman Institute na Mahadum Columbia na New York City. Marlin na-amụ usoro epigenetic nke na-eme ka ọnyà ndị nne na nna nwee ike ibufe ụmụ n'ụdị òké. Ọrụ nke Marlin mgbe gụsịrị akwụkwọ kpugheere ọrụ bụ isi maka hormone oxytocin na omume nne, nke eji wee nye ya ihe nrite Donald B. Lindsley na Behavioral Neuroscience n'ihi ihe odide nke Ph.D ya nke puru iche na ihe nrite STAT Wunderkinds maka nchoputa ya gbara agba.

## Mmalite ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
Marlin tolitere na Central Islip, Long Island ebe e nwere usoro ezinụlọ pụrụ iche nke metụtara ọnọdụ ọrụ ya.  Nne na nna mụrụ Marlin, bụ́ ndị ya na ha bi, bụkwa ndị kpọọrọ ụmụ ndị ọ na-abughi ha mụrụ.  I Dika ya na ụmụnne ya na-tolite, nke a mere ka Marlin nwee mmasị na ihe nketa mkpụrụ ndụ mgbe ọ dị obere.  Ige ntị akụkọ ndị siri ike sitere n'aka ụmụnne ya ndị ọ na-abụghị nne na nna ya mụrụ ha bụ ihe na-enye aka inye ya mmasị ka mmekọrịta nne na nna na ahụmahụ si emetụta ụmụaka. 

Ngosipụta nke Marlin n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị mere ka o nweta ohere ịgụ akwụkwọ n'efu na simesta nke mbụ ya na mahadum St. John's University .  Mgbe ọ nọ na Mahadum St. John, ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta abụọ na bayoloji na mmụta ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma ma na-etinyesi aka ike na nduzi ụmụ akwụkwọ na nyocha.  Dị ka nwa akwụkwọ na-agụ akwụkwọ, Marlin sonyere na nyocha n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na mmemme nyocha oge okpomọkụ abụọ: otu na Mahadum Vanderbilt na nke ọzọ na Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).  Na MIT, Marlin rụrụ ọrụ n'okpuru nduzi nke Dr. Martha Constantine Paton wee nweta ihe nrite maka akwụkwọ mmado nyocha ya na njedebe nke oge okpomọkụ.  Na 2009, Marlin nwetara B. S. na Biology na B. S. na mmuta nke ndị dị afọ iri na uma site na Mahadum St. John. Na ngụsị akwụkwọ, e nyere ya onyinye nturu ugo onye ndu ụmụ akwụkwọ maka ọrụ ya dị ka Onye isi oche nke gọọmentị ụmụ akwụkwọ.

Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Marlin ghọrọ onye nkuzi nwetara ikike na steeti New York wee kuzie na NEST +m, ụlọ akwụkwọ ngalaba agụmakwụkwọ New York maka ụmụ akwụkwọ nwere nka na ndị nwere nka, ebe ọ kuziri mgbe ọ ka bu nwata akwụkwọ n'oge afọ agụmakwụkwọ mahadum ya. N'oge ya na Nest+m, ọ kuziri sayensị ọkwa asaa na nke iri na Advanced Placement (AP) Biology. 

## Nnyocha doctoral
Site na 2009-2015, Marlin gbasoro nzere nke ndi gụsịrị akwụkwọ na New York University School of Medicine Graduate Program na Biology na Physiology.  Nyocha Ph.D nke Marlin nyochara ọrụ nke hormone oxytocin na omume nne  na cortex plasticity n'oge dị egwu nke mmepụta ụbụrụ.  N'afọ 2011, o bipụtara akụkọ nyocha nke ndị ọgbọ na-akọwa mkpa nke excitatory-inhibitory balance (EI) na-ekpebi oge nke oge dị oke egwu plasticity maka nhazigharị ugboro ugboro - ebe ọ bụ na mgbe amuchara, cortex na-ahụ anya erubeghị.  Ọrụ a tọrọ ntọala Marlin ka ọ chọpụta ka oxytocin si akpụ akpụkọ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya ma gbanwee sekit ụbụrụ iji kpalite nlekọta nne n'ebe ụmụ nkịta nọ. Ndị nne rodent (nke a na-akpọ dams) ga-eweghachite ụmụ mgbe e kewapụrụ ya na ya na/ma ọ bụ ihe mkpofu mgbe ụda olu ultrasonic na-apụta site na ụmụ nkịta dịpụrụ adịpụ.  Na-emekarị, dams na-anabata oku nwa agbọghọ, ebe ụmụ nwanyị na-amaghị nwoke adịghị - na-atụ aro na plasticity na cortex auditory na-eme mgbe a mụsịrị ahịhịa iji mee ka mmiri rụọ ọrụ iji zaghachi.  Marlin chere na ọ bụ oxytocin na-ebugharị plasticity a na cortex auditory n'ihi na 1) dams na-ahapụ oxytocin mgbe a mụrụ ya iji kwalite njikọ, na 2) ụmụ agbọghọ na-amaghị nwoke na-anabata oku nwa agbọghọ mgbe a na-enye oxytocin n'ụzọ artificial.  Marlin chọpụtara na oxytocin na-eme ka sekit akwara anụ ahụ dị na cortex nke anụ ahụ ma mee mgbanwe ogologo oge na nguzozi EI.  Mgbanwe na nguzozi EI mere ka oge kwụ ọtọ kwụsiri ike nke a na-ahụ na dams (ma ọ bụ ụmụ agbọghọ na-amaghị nwoke oxytocin), mana ọ bụghị ụmụ agbọghọ na-amaghị nwoke, mgbe ị na-aza oku nwa. 

N'ịgbaso nchoputa nke Marlin gbasara ọrụ oxytocin na nweghachi nwa, ọ rụkwara ọrụ ọzọ ya na ndị ọrụ ibe ya na Robert Froemke Lab na-enyocha ọrụ oxytocin na-arụ na mgbasa ozi nke omume nne.  N'ime ọmụmụ ha, nke e bipụtara na Nature,  ha na-egosi na oxytocin neurons na mpaghara ụbụrụ na-ahụ maka ntọhapụ nke oxytocin, paraventricular nucleus (PVN), na-arụ ọrụ site na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nakwa na neurons a bu ọnụ ụzọ nzaghachi oku. Ha na-egosikwa na ụmụ agbọghọ ndị na-ebikọ ọnụ na ndị nne nwere ahụmahụ, na ndị na-ahụ anya na-ahụ maka nwa akwụkwọ nne na-amụ nwa, amụbawo ọrụ nke oxytocin neurons na PVN ma gosipụta àgwà alloparenting - na-atụ aro na omume nne nwere ike nweta site na mgbasa ozi ọha. 

Nchọpụta nke Marlin mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na-egosi ọ bụghị nanị na ọ na-arụ ọrụ lateralization nke ụbụrụ mammalian, kamakwa a raara onwe ya nye, oxytocin na-adabere na neural sekit maka omume nne na mmegharị mgbe amuchara nwa.  E gosipụtara usoro nyocha a na mgbasa ozi a ma ama gụnyere National Geographic,  na Los Angeles Times,  Science Magazine,  na Discover Magazine 's Top 100 Stories of 2015. 

## Nnyocha postdoctoral
Site na 2016-2020, Marlin bụ onye nyocha Postdoctoral na Mahadum Columbia n'okpuru ndụmọdụ nke onye nrite Nobel Laureate Richard Axel .  N'ime ụlọ nyocha Axel, Marlin nyochara etu ọnyà ndị nne na nna si erute n'ọgbọ ndị na-esote (ya bụ, transgenerationally) site na usoro epigenetic .  Marlin na ndị otu ya jikọtara ihe ndị na-esi ísì na akpata oyi n'ahụ ụmụ oke ndị toro eto, ma mesịa mụọ banyere mgbanwe akwara na akparamagwa nke ụmụ, ndị na-ahụtụbeghị ụdị nhụsianya-isi. Ọrụ Marlin na isiokwu a na mgbasa ozi a ma ama gụnyere Science Friday  na Washington Post . 

## Nyocha ngalaba
Na 2020, Marlin sonyeere ngalaba na Mahadum Columbia na ngalaba nke Psychology na Neuroscience.  Ụlọ nyocha Marlin dị na Zuckerman Institute na-aga n'ihu na-enyocha ka ihe ndị dị ndụ na-esi emeghe omume ebumpụta ụwa n'oge kwesịrị ekwesị, yana ka esi agafe ozi mmụta n'ọgbọ ndị na-esote site na ihe nketa nke transgenerational epigenetic site na iji nchikota nke onyonyo, omume, na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa molecular..

## Ihe nrite na nkwanye ugwu

* Magazin Sayensị ama ama nke 2021 "The Brilliant 10" 
* 2021 Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị "ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ga-ekiri" 
* Ndị isi ọgbọ na-abịa 2020 Allen Institute 
* 2017 STAT Wunderkind Award 
* 2016 Donald B. Lindsley Prize na Behavioral Neuroscience, Society for Neuroscience 
* 2016 Sackler Nrite akwụkwọ akụkọ pụtara ìhè 
* 2015 Chọpụta akwụkwọ akụkọ kacha elu 100 

## Ihe ndị ebiputara ahọpụtara

* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke American History - SciCafe "Sayensị nke ịhụnanya na Bianca Jones Marlin" 
* Pọdkastị Sayensị Friday "Ndị nne anụmanụ: Site na ọdụm ruo òké" 
* The Story Collider – onye na-ekwu okwu pụtara “Itụrụ ime: Akụkọ gbasara sayensị ịmụ nwa”  na “Ọ bụ n'ihi na ọ dị oji” 
* Egosiputara na National Geographic - “Mmume Nne Ọ bụ naanị maka ndị nne? Nke a bụ Sayensị ahụ,"  "Ịma Aka Ike Ike,"  na "Oxytocin Na-eme Ka Ndị Nne Nne Ọhụụ Na-elekwasị anya na mkpu nke Pups furu efu" 
* Egosiri na Magazin Nchọpụta - "Olee otú Oxytocin si agbanwe omume" 
* Los Angeles Times - "Hormone Oxytocin Jump na-amalite omume ime nne" 
* Blọọgụ Ndị Nduzi NIH – Lab TV: Na-achọ ịmata ihe gbasara njikọ nne 
* Sayensị Fraịde - Ọka mmụta sayensị egosipụtara dị ka akụkụ nke Mmepe ahụ: Eserese nke Ụmụ nwanyị Na Sayensị - "Nhụta: Ọhụụ Trauma" 
* Neuron - Bianca Jones Marlin Ajụjụ&A 
* Akwụkwọ akụkọ Washington Post - Gịnị kpatara nghọta ọgbaghara ketara dị oke egwu, yana ihe ọ pụtara nye ụmụ anyị 

## Mbipụta

* Oxytocin neurons na-enyere mmadụ aka mgbasa nke omume nne. Carcea I., Caraballo NL, Marlin BJ, Ooyama R., Riceberg JS, Mendoza Navarro JM, Opendak M., Diaz VE, Schuster L., Alvarado Torres MI, Lethin H., Ramos D., Minder J., Mendoza SL, Bair-Marshall CJ, Samadjopoulos GH, Hidema S., Falkner A., Lin D., Mar A., Wadghiri YZ, Nishimori K., Kikusui T., Mogi K., Sullivan RM Froemke RC Nature. 2021 Ọgọst 26. 596 (7873): 553-557 . doi:  
* Afọ 50 nke Neuroscience na-esote. Altimus CM, Marlin BJ, Charalambakis NE, Colón-Rodriquez A, Glover EJ, Izbicki P, Johnson A, Lourenco MV, Makinson RA, McQuail J, Obeso I, Padilla-Coreano N, Wells MF; maka Kọmitii Ndụmọdụ Ọzụzụ. J Neurosci. 2020 Jenụwarị 2; 40 (1): 101-106 . doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0744-19.2019.  
* Oxytocin modulation nke sekit akwara ozi maka omume ọha mmadụ. Marlin BJ, Froemke RC. Dev Neurobiol. 2017 Feb; 77 (2): 169-189 . doi: 10.1002/dneu.22452. Epub 2016 Ọkt 4. Nyochaa. PMID&nbsp;[//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27626613 27626613] 
* Netwọk ekesara maka ọgụgụ isi ọha emelitere maka ndị na-anabata Oxytocin. Miter M, Marlin BJ, Schiavo JK, Morina E, Norden SE, Hackett TA, Aoki CJ, Chao MV, Froemke RC. J Neurosci. 2016 Feb 24;36(8):2517-35 . doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2409-15.2016. PMID&nbsp;[//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26911697 26911697] 
* Oxytocin na-enyere aka omume nne site n'ịhazi mgbochi cortical. Marlin BJ, Miter M, D'amour JA, Chao MV, Froemke RC. Ọdịdị. 2015 Eprel 23; 520 (7548): 499-504 . doi: 10.1038/ ọdịdị14402. Epub 2015 Eprel 15. PMID&nbsp;[//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25874674 25874674] 
* Ndepụta ọgụgụ oge okpomọkụ nke ọkà mmụta sayensị. Sayensị. Haupt R., Langis-Barsetti D., & O'Dwyer R., Preuss M., van Driel M., Margolis E., Jain M., Marlin BJ 7 Jun 2019. 364. 926-93. doi: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aax9532 

## Ebensidee

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ