Alma Duncan

Alma Mary Duncan (October 2, 1917[1] - Disemba 15, 2004 [2]) bụ onye na-ese ihe, onye na-ese ihe na onye na-ese ihe nkiri si Paris, Ontario. Onye na-ese ihe na-arụ ọrụ n'ụdị dị iche iche gụnyere unyi, nzu pastel, ink, agba mmiri, agba mmanụ, nwa nkịta, na ihe nkiri, ụdị Duncan malitere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ime oge ọrụ ya gụnyere ihe osise, eserese ziri ezi, ihe ngosi igwe, na abstraction..

## Oge ọ malitere
A mụrụ Alma Duncan na ndịda Ontario obodo Paris, mana ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Hamilton, Ontario na Montreal, Quebec.[1] Nna Alma, John Duncan, bụ onye injinia na-arụ ọrụ textile, na-ekpughere Alma n'ụlọ ọrụ textile na na-emetụta mmasị ya na ụkpụrụ na nchikota nke eziokwu na abstraction n'ime ihe osise ya mechara.[2] N'agbanyeghị na a kụziiri onwe ya ihe dị ka onye na-ese ihe, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na onye Canada na-ese ihe Adam Sheriff Scott mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ụma.[3] Duncan jiri nka ihe osise ya na ụlọ ọrụ nka azụmaahịa sitere na 1936 ruo 1943, ebe ọ dọpụtara ngwaahịa maka katalọgụ akwụkwọ ozi, na-ekpughe nkenke nke ga-apụta na ọrụ ndị ọzọ dị ka ihe osise ya na Mahadum McGill, [4] ebe. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ gbasara ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị.[5] Duncan gara n'ihu na-amụ ihe ọmụmụ ndụ na eserese na mmalite nke ọrụ ya na Ernst Neumann na Roberts-Neumann School of Art, nke dị n'otu ụlọ ahụ dị ka ụlọ ọrụ nka azụmahịa, yana ya na Goodridge Roberts na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Njikọ nka nke Montreal.[4] N'ime oge a, Duncan na-egosipụta ihe osise ya mgbe niile na ihe ngosi mmiri na Art Association of Montreal. Na 1941, Alma sonyeere ndị omenkà Montreal ndị ọzọ a ma ama na onye isi ngalaba Quebec nke Federation of Canadian Artists (FCA), [4] wee gaa nzukọ mbụ ha na Kingston, Ontario na Mahadum Queen ya na ndị nka 150, ndị nlekọta na ndị otu obodo nka. 

## Ọrụ agha
Na 1943, n'otu afọ ahụ ọ jere ozi dị ka onye na-echekwa ndị ode akwụkwọ, Artists na Broadcasters' War Council na Montreal, [1] Duncan nwetara ikike iji depụta ndụ ndị ọrụ agha na ndị otu Canadian Women's Army Corps na eserese ya. [2] Ọtụtụ n'ime iberibe ndị a bụ ndị Canadian War Museum na-ejide ugbu a na mkpokọta Beaverbrook nke War Art.[3][4][5] Ihe osise ndị a nke igwe kpalitere mmasị Alma na-aga n'ihu n'ihe gbasara ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ọbụna na-akpali ya ịhapụ ezumike iji dọpụta isiokwu mmepụta ihe gburugburu Ontario na 1947, mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na ngalaba animation na National Film Board..

## Ọrụ ihe nkiri
N'afọ 1943, National Film Board nke Canada kpọrọ Duncan nke dị na Montreal ka ọ sonye na ngalaba Graphics ya. O buru ụzọ rụọ ọrụ na ngalaba Information Display,  na-emepụta ihe ngosi, akwụkwọ, na ihe ngosi njem maka ọrụ National Film Board. Ọ kwagara na Ngalaba Animation nke NFB mgbe a gbasara ngalaba Graphics ma mepụta ihe nkiri mbụ ya, Folksong Fantasy (nke egosiri na 1951 Edinburgh International Film Festival)  mgbe ọ nọ n'okpuru nkwekọrịta na NFB dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe n'onwe ya. N'afọ 1951, Alma Duncan na onye ya na ya na-arụkọ ọrụ ogologo oge, onye na-ese foto Audrey McLaren, guzobere ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri Dunclaren Productions. Ihe nkiri mbụ ha, Kumak the Sleepy Hunter (1953) bụ akụkọ ifo Ndị Inuit site na iji ụmụ bebi na usoro mmegharị mmegharị.   A họpụtara ya maka onyinye BAFTA na 1954 dị ka ihe nkiri.  Ha mepụtara ihe nkiri abụọ ọzọ, Hearts and Soles (1955), nke jiri otu usoro animation dị ka *Kumak*, na Friendly Interchange (1959), nke e ji ihe osise chalk mee. Ọ bụ ezie na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ahụ agbasaghị, ọ kwụsịrị ịrụ ọrụ mgbe afọ 1960 gasịrị. Duncan lara ezumike nká n'ime ihe nkiri na 1960 iji kwe ka o lekwasị anya na eserese na ihe osise ya,  nke ghọrọ ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe n'agbanyeghị na ọ na-enweta mkpali site na gburugburu ya. 

## N'etiti ọrụ
Duncan malitere ịnwale abstraction na 1960s, na Woman Series ya nke mebiri onyinyo nwanyị site na ụdị okirikiri. Ọrụ sitere na usoro a pụtara na ngosi Canadian Water Colours, Drawings and Prints 1966 na National Gallery of Canada wee gbasaa na Canada, yana ịpụta na ngosi na nchịkọta mba ụwa dị ka Brooklyn Museum, Canada Council Art Bank, na Museum London. Ọrụ ya dakọtara ma gosipụta nnwere onwe mmekọahụ nke oge nke abụọ nke ụmụ nwanyị, ọ bụ ezie na ọ kọwaghị ya n'ụzọ doro anya dị ka onye na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị n'oge ahụ. Ihe osise mbụ nke Duncan Self-Portrait (1943) gosipụtakwara echiche ụmụ nwanyị, dị ka ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nka Jaclyn Meloche si kwuo, dịka ngosipụta ya nke onwe ya dị ka onye na-eto eto ma nwee obi ike na-arụ ọrụ na-emegide ụkpụrụ okike. Duncan mepụtara usoro "dot" ya nke ihe osise pen-na-ink nke ihe ndị dị na mbara igwe na-eji ụdị okirikiri dị mfe n'otu afọ ahụ dị ka Women Series ya. N'afọ 1966, n'etiti nchọpụta ya banyere ihe ndị a na-adịghị ahụ anya, Duncan sonyeere Canadian Society of Graphic Arts.  Ọrụ nke Painters Eleven nakwa Abstract Expressionists masịrị Duncan karịsịa, ha abụọ na-emetụta ọrụ ya, nke a hụrụ na usoro ihe osise ya nke 1967 na-egosipụta ụcha na ọdịdị dị ọcha. 

## Canada Post
N'afọ 1970, Canada Post nyere Alma Duncan ọrụ imepụta stampụ. Ọ mepụtara usoro Maple Leaf na Oge anọ (wepụtara na 1971) yana usoro Floral Aerogrammes (wepụtara na 1973). Akwụkwọ akụkọ Scott Monthly ahọpụtara stampụ ya nke "Mgbụsị akwụkwọ" nke sitere na Maple Leaf in Four Seasons series (nke e gosipụtara n'aka nri) dị ka stampụ nke ọnwa ahụ site n'aka Scott Monthly Journal, akwụkwọ akụkọ sitere n'aka ndị okike nke Scott katalọgụ kwuru banyere stampụ gburugburu ụwa.  

## Ndụ e mesịrị
Site na 1960 ruo ọnwụ ya, a na-etinye ihe ka ukwuu n'oge Alma Duncan n'ihe osise ya na eserese ya, ọtụtụ n'ime ya na-eme n'ebe dị nso n'ụlọ ya na mpụga Cumberland, Ontario. Ya na onye mmekọ ya, Audrey McLaren, na-akwado nnọkọ ọha na eze mgbe niile nke na-eme ka ndị otu nka nke Ottawa gbakọta ọnụ. Duncan nọgidere na-enwe mmasị na ihe abụọ nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe (nke malitere n'oge ọrụ Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ ma mee ka ọ na-agagharị na-eleba anya na ihe osise ụlọ ọrụ mmepe ya na 1987, nke Robert McLaughlin Gallery dị na Oshawa, Ontario) na Canadian North (na-etinye ọnwa abụọ na 1975 na njem eserese na Baffin na Ellesmere Islands).  Duncan ghọrọ onye otu ATAI Arctic Creative Development Foundation na 1974, sonyeere Print and Drawing Council of Canada na 1976, wee sonye na Canadian Artists' Representation na 1978.  Duncan kụzikwaara n'oge dị iche iche n'ọrụ ya gụnyere ịkụzi ihe ọmụmụ "Visual Presentation of Ideas" na Mahadum Laval na Macdonald College na Quebec, nkuzi banyere "The Art of Animation" na Advertising Club na Montreal ma mesịa gaa na National Gallery Association, ọnọdụ nkuzi afọ atọ na eserese na Ottawa Municipal Art Centre (nke bụzi Ottawa School of Art), eserese na eserese ihe ọmụmụ na Rockcliffe Public School Art Club, na nkuzi banyere ""The Art of Collage" na National Gallery. Otu n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ ya bụ onye na-ebi akwụkwọ Betty Davison.

Alma nwụrụ na Disemba 15, 2004, mgbe ọ na-arịa ọrịa Alzheimer ruo ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ iri.

## Ihe Nketa
N'afọ 2014, Catherine Sinclair na Jaclyn Meloche haziri ihe ngosi *Alma: Ndụ na nka nke Alma Duncan (1917-2004) * maka Ottawa Art Gallery na Judith & Alix Norman Art Gallery na Sarnia, Ontario.

## Ihe odide