Charlene Leonora Smith

**Charlene Leonora Smith** bụ onye nta akụkọ South Africa, onye bipụtara akwụkwọ 14, ma bụrụ onye na-ede akụkọ ndụ ikike nke onye meriri Nrite Nobel Peace Prize, na onye bụbu onye isi ala South Africa, Nelson Mandela . Ọ bụ onye ndụmọdụ nzikọrịta ozi na ịre ahịa, na onye nkuzi na-ede akwụkwọ, onye bi ma na-arụ ọrụ na United States.

## Ọrụ
Smith malitere ọrụ ya na Johannesburg *Star*, ma bụrụ ọkachamara na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mgbochi nke ịkpa ókè agbụrụ.  O mechara kọọ akụkọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa maka *Sunday Tribune* (ebe ọ bụkwa osote onye isi ụlọ ọrụ), *Business Day* (ebe ọ bụkwa osote onye nchịkọta akụkọ akụkọ), *Financial Mail* (ebe ọ bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ) na *Izu Ego* (ebe ọ bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ enyemaka) ). Smith arụwo ọrụ dịka onye nrụpụta maka ABC's *Nightline* (US) na Ted Koppel yana maka *nkeji 60* CBS.  O nyerela aka ịmepụta akwụkwọ akụkọ telivishọn maka Canadian Broadcasting Corporation ruo ọtụtụ afọ, gụnyere akwụkwọ akụkọ abụọ na-emeri na Nelson Mandela. Akwụkwọ akụkọ gbasara AIDS maka United Nations meriri Prix Italia na 2006.

O nwere ogologo ọrụ dị ka onye edemede edemede maka *Los Angeles Times* .  Odela akwụkwọ maka *The Washington Post*, *Onye na-ekiri*, *The Guardian*, *Le Monde*, *Brain World*, *Microbicide Quarterly*, *The Boston Globe* na akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ. O birila ma rụọ ọrụ na Japan, Argentina, South Africa, na United States ebe ọ kọrọ akụkọ banyere White House .

N'afọ 1999, e dinara ya n'ike na mma n'ụlọ ya ma otu izu ka e mesịrị bipụtara akụkọ banyere ihe omume ahụ na ọchịchọ ọ na-achọ inweta ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa retroviral .  Smith tụkwara egwu na onye n'ike n'ike nwere ike bu nje HIV ma ọ bụ AIDS. Smith malitere ịgbasa mkpọsa maka ndị lanarịrị n'ike n'ike, dị ka ọ kpọrọ ha, na-ajụ okwu a tara ahụhụ, ịnata prophylaxis mkpughe mgbe mmeko nwoke gasịrị. Ọ bụ ya bụ onye mbụ lanarịrị n'ike n'ike n'ụwa mere nke a. N'afọ 2000 , Ụlọ Ọrụ Maka Nchịkwa Ọrịa kpọrọ ya ka ọ gwa ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị okwu, n'ihi nke a CDC malitere nyocha na ụkpụrụ maka PEP maka ndị lanarịrị mwakpo mmekọahụ site n'enyemaka ya. E bipụtara ya nke mbụ na 2004.

N'afọ 2004, Smith bipụtara otu akụkọ banyere mgbasawanye nke ndina n'ike na South Africa, na-enweta nkatọ sitere n'aka President Thabo Mbeki, onye bụbu enyi na enyi ya, na imetụ esemokwu na nzuko omeiwu nke "ndị omebe iwu boro Mr. Mbeki ebubo na ọ na-ewepụ okwu gbasara mmekọahụ. ime ihe ike na ọrịa AIDS, na onyeisi oche boro ha ebubo na ha na-eme ka a ga-asị na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ nwụrụ site n'apartheid."  Mbeki katọrọ ya nke mbụ malitere na Disemba 1999 mgbe ọ jụrụ ịkọ akụkọ banyere idina nwoke na nje HIV na okwu ndị omeiwu.

A na-ewere Smith dị ka ọkachamara na ime ihe ike mmekọahụ, ọrịa nrụgide post traumatic, na HIV. A na-akpọkarị ya ka ọ weta akwụkwọ na nnọkọ oche na ọgbakọ na nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe n'ụwa niile, gụnyere World AIDS Congress.  Ọ bụrụla onye ọbịa nke gọọmentị Sweden ugboro abụọ yana otu oge nke gọọmentị Australia.

Onye na-ahụ maka nzikọrịta ozi na ịre ahịa nke nwere ọkachamara dị ukwuu na mgbasa ozi dijitalụ ọ gbatụrụla aka na World Economic Nzukọ, Summit na mmepe na-adigide, 2010 FIFA World Cup, Ogilvy PR, South Africa Airways, HealthBridge, AstroTech Training, Eskom, na ndị ọzọ. Ọ arọerela aakuko n'ọtụtụ kọleji na mahadum gụnyere Mahadum nke Witwatersrand Graduate School of Journalism; Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Antiọk na Mahadum Georgia, Athens; Boston College, Goddard College na Vermont, wdg.

Ọ bi ma na-arụ ọrụ na Cambridge, Massachusetts .

## Ihe nrite

* Nwanyị nke Afọ: Mgbasa ozi na Nkwukọrịta, SABC/Shoprite Checkers 1999
* Ruth First Courageous Journalism Award, Mahadum Rhodes 2000
* Onye nke Afọ, akwụkwọ akụkọ Mail na Guardian 2000
* Otu n'ime ndị South Africa 10 kacha nwee mmetụta nke afọ (nke a họọrọ nke ise), Otu akwụkwọ akụkọ Independent Group 1999
* Onye mgbasa ozi Pretoria Technikon nke afọ 2001
* Onye edemede nwere atụmatụ, CNN Journalist of the Year 2000   k>
* Nwanyị nke afọ, Jong Dames Dinamiek 2002
* Ihe nrite Mondi, odee ihe kacha mma: Health 2003
* Mgbasa ozi ọrụ na ikike mmadụ, SAWA, Toronto, Canada 2005
* Onye nnata Prix Italia, akwụkwọ akụkọ onyonyo kacha mma&nbsp;- AIDS na South Africa maka ihe nkiri Synergy na United Nations 2006

• Goddard Alumni Arts Award (2015)

• Sri Chinmoy Peace Torchbearer Award, Arlington MA (2014)

## Akwụkwọ

*  (Revised 2013)
* (Revised 2012)
*  (Text by Charlene Smith)
*  (Nominated for the Alan Paton Award, and voted one of the top 10 books of the year by *The Star* newspaper and *Sunday Times*. Launched in Sweden as *Utan Skuld* by Leopard Press in September 2003)
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## Isi n'akwụkwọ

* 1992: *Ụdị ime ihe ike*, deziri A Minnaar, HSRC, esemokwu isi na Natal.
* 1995: *Robben Island*, nke Jurgen Schadeberg deziri, isi nke mgbapụ.
* 2004: *Olee otú ndị South Africa si ele anụ ọhịa anya na anya: HIV na SA*, nke onye isi SA HIV Clinicians Society deziri, Dr. Des Martin, Jonathan Ball
* 2004: ''Nke kacha nso nke ndị ọbịa: Akwụkwọ ndụ ụmụ nwanyị South Africa'', nke Judith Lutge Coullie deziri, Wits University Press
* 2005: *Mgbasa ozi na South Africa*, nke William Mervin Gumede, Kwa Zulu Natal University Press (isi nke mgbasa ozi)
* 2006: *Akwụkwọ akụkọ: mkpokọta nkuzi ncheta Harold Wolpe*, Africa World Press na Mahadum KwaZulu Natal Press. 2006: ''1956: The Woman's March'', deziri na bipụtara site Mothobi Mutloatse.
* 2009: *AIDS* nke Leopard Forlag, Sweden bipụtara.
* 2017: ''Na Donald Trump, Nelson Mandela, ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na ime enyi na ndị iro gị'', Garn Press, New York, USA.

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Charlene Smith&nbsp;- ndị edemede-na-ụgha-nke-ama, Mail na Guardian online&nbsp;- Jenụwarị 2008
* Speakout.org&nbsp;– ndị lanarịrịnụ&nbsp;- Akụkọ Charlene
* http://pages.interlog.com/~saww/2001Charlene.html
* National Public Radio

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ