open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ihe mkpuchi Kuba

thumb| Mwaash aMbooy nkpuchi, sitere na nchịkọta nke ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Brooklyn
thumb| Bwoom nkpuchi, site na nchịkọta nke Brooklyn Museum
thumb| Pwoom Itok nkpuchi, sitere na nchịkọta nke ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Brooklyn
thumb|Masque-no-p1000705
Ndị Bushong Kuba bụ ndị na-ahụ maka ụfọdụ ọmarịcha masquerade ma ọ bụ omenala ịgba egwu na Africa.

## ''Ngesh'' na masquerade
Akụkọ mmalite maka ụfọdụ omenala ndị Kuba masking na-akọwa otú ndị na-emepụta ihe mkpuchi ahụ si hụ *ngesh* na mbụ n'ime ọhịa na, mgbe oge mgbagwoju anya gasịrị, laghachi n'ụlọ iji wepụta ihe oyiyi nke *ngesh* . Ọ bụ ezie na *ngesh* adịghị adịkarị n'ụdị ihe atụ na-anọchi anya ya, a na-eche na a pụtara ha n'ụdị ihe atụ, bụ nke mmụọ ndị a na-enye ike.

## Ememe mmalite nke ''Mukanda''
Ememe mmalite Kuba maka ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ okorobịa na ọnụ ọgụgụ masquerade jikọtara ya na mmemme mmalite *mukanda*, nke ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ bi na savanna ndịda nke Central Africa na-eme site na Angola, site na Democratic Republic of Congo na banye n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ London, gụnyere Chokwe, Lwena, Luvale, Lwembe, Chesterfield, Mbunda, Mbwela, Yaka, Suku, Pende, na ndịda Lunda .

## Royal masquerade
Emebere emume mmalite na isi obodo Kuba nke Nshern kwụsịtụrụ na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri na itoolu ma eweghachiteghị ya. N'ihi akụkụ nke enweghị mmemme ndị a, mkparịta ụka gbasara ọdịnala Kuba masking na Nsheng gbadoro ụkwụ na omenala masking atọ kọwara dị ka eze: Mwaash aMbooy mu shall, *Bwoom* na Ngady mwaash . A kọwara ihe ndị a dị ka ndị na-anọchite anya eze, onye nkịtị na nwunye Mwaash aMbooy, n'otu n'otu. 

## Kuba masks
Enwere ihe karịrị ụdị mkpuchi iri abụọ dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ n'ime ọha mmadụ mmalite ụmụ nwoke. Mwaash aMbooy mu shall abụ otu n'ime ihe atọ kachasị mkpa ma na-anọchite anya Woot, bụ dike ntọala nke ndị Kuba kwenyere na ha sitere na ya. Mwaash aMbooy mu shall ekpuchi ihe mkpuchi nke nyimi, ma ọ bụ eze, nke Kuba ma ọ bụ ndị isi obodo. A na-ejikarị akpụkpọ agụ eme ihe nkpuchi nyimi, ebe ndị isi na-eji akpụkpọ anụ. 

## Edensibia
Mahmoud Sa'id

thumb| Mahmoud Saeed
Mahmoud Said Bey ( Arabic  ) (Eprel 8, 1897 – 8, 1964) bụ onye ọka ikpe Alexandria na onye na-ese ihe ọgbara ọhụrụ ọhụrụ.

## Ndụ

Mgbe ọ natachara diplọma ụlọ akwụkwọ, ọ gara n'akwụkwọ akwụkwọ iwu, nata akara akara akara ya na 1919. N'agbata 1919 na 1921 ọ chụgara Europe, n'ikpeazụ na-agụ akwụkwọ na Académie Julian .  Ọ la mfe n'Ijipt wee onye ọrụ n'ikpe Mixed Egypt ruo mgbe nna ya nwụrụ na 1950s. 

Mgbe ọ natachara diplọma ụlọ akwụkwọ, ọ gara n'akwụkwọ akwụkwọ iwu, nata akara akara akara ya na 1919. N'agbata 1919 na 1921 ọ chụgara Europe, n'ikpeazụ na-agụ akwụkwọ na Académie Julian .  Ọ la mfe n'Ijipt wee onye ọrụ n'ikpe Mixed Egypt ruo mgbe nna ya nwụrụ na 1950s.

N'agbata 1919 na ọnwụ ya na 1964, Said bụ onye na-ese mmanụ mara mma. Na Aleksandria, o buru ụzọ zụọ afọ abụọ ya na onye na-ese ihe Italy Amelia Casonato Da Forno site na 1912 na emesia ya na Arturo Zanieri site na 1916.  Ọ na-ekerịtakarị studio nke ezigbo enyi ya, onye na-ese ihe Gris Aristomenis Angelopoulos (Αριστομένης Αγγελόπουλος).

## Ihe ngosi

* New York, 1937.
* Venice Biennale, 1938, 1948.

## Nchịkọta

* Ebe Gezira maka nka ọgbara ọhụrụ, Cairo, Egypt.
* Mahmoud Said Museum, Alexandria, Egypt.
* Mataf: Arab Museum of Modern Art, Doha, Qatar.
* Ụlọ ọrụ Arab World Institute, Paris, France.
* Barjeel Art Foundation, Sharjah, UAE

## Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka
Ndị dike ihe ngosi nka Mahmoud Said dị na ụlọ ezina dị na mpaghara Gianaclis nke Aleksandria.

## Ntụaka
Léopoldine Doualla-Bell Smith

**Léopoldine Doulla-Bell Smith** bụ onye nlekọta ụgbọ elu ojii mbụ n'ụwa.  A mụrụ ya na Cameroon, ọ bụkwa adaeze nke ezinụlọ Douala nke Cameroon.  Ọ gara ụgbọ elu mbụ ya dị ka onye nlekọta ụgbọ elu (ya na Union Aéromaritime de Transport) na 1957.  Na 1960 a kpọrọ ya ka ọ kwaga Air Afrique ; Mgbe ahụ ọ bụ naanị onye Africa tozuru oke na ụgbọ elu French, wee bụrụ onye ọrụ izizi Air Afrique goro.  N'oge na-adịghị anya ọ ghọrọ onye isi ụlọ mbụ nke Air Afrique.  O fegoro afọ iri na abụọ.  A kwanyere ya ugwu na emume ncheta afọ 40 nke ndị Black Flight Attendants of America na ọdụ ụgbọ elu Los Angeles International Airport's Flight Path Museum.  A kwanyere ya ugwu n'oge mmemme ụbọchị ụmụ nwanyị mba ụwa na Denver Colorado na Maachị 10, 2019

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Uwe Kuba

thumb| Nwanyị Kuba na-akpa akwa akwa. N'etiti Kuba ọ bụ ndị ikom na-akpa ákwà, na ndị inyom na-arụ ọrụ embroidery na applique' na textiles ha.
thumb| Otu akwa raffia a kpara akpa site na nchịkọta nke ihe ngosi nka nke Brooklyn
**Uwe akwa Kuba** bụ ụdị akwa raffia pụrụ iche na Democratic Republic of the Congo, nke bụbu Zaire, ma mara maka nkọwa ha na mgbagwoju anya nke imewe na ịchọ mma elu. Ọtụtụ textiles bụ mgbanwe dị na akụkụ akụkụ anọ ma ọ bụ square nke eriri akwụkwọ nkwụ a kpara akpa, nke a na-eme ka ọ dị mma site n'ichepụta geometric nke a na-eme na linear embroidery na stitches ndị ọzọ, bụ nke a na-egbutu ka ọ ghọọ ikpo elu dị ka velvet. Na omenala, ụmụ nwoke na-akpa akwa raffia, ụmụ nwanyị na-ahụ maka ịgbanwe ya ka ọ bụrụ ụdị akwa dị iche iche, gụnyere uwe mwụda emume, akwa ụtụ 'velvet', akwa isi na nkata .

## akwa Raffia
Na omenala Kuba, ụmụ nwoke na-ahụ maka ịkụ nkwụ raffia na ịkwa akwa raffia.  A na-emepụta ọtụtụ ụdị akwa raffia maka ebumnuche dị iche iche, ụdị nke a na-ahụkarị bụ akwa a kpara nke ọma nke a na-eji dị ka ntọala maka mmepụta akwa akwa. Ndị ikom na-emepụta ákwà ahụ n'úkwù nke nwere otu okpu, wee na-eji ya emepụta uwe ha na inye ndị inyom nọ n'ezinụlọ ha ákwà ntọala. Naanị ndị nwoke na ụmụ nwoke na-ekere òkè ma ọ bụ ọbụna na-ekiri usoro ịkwa ákwà. 

## Ụkpụrụ na nkwughachi: Kuba textiles ka ha na-emetụta mgbakọ na mwepụ na egwu
thumb| Uwe Kuba sitere na mmalite-etiti narị afọ nke 20, ugbu a na Honolulu Academy of Arts .
Kuba textiles na-egosipụta uto maka ịkwụsịtụ ahịrị a na-atụ anya ya; ha na-edepụta site na juxtapositions nke nkeji dị iche iche nke ukwuu na mgbanwe n'ụdị mberede.

Ọkammụta mgbakọ na mwepụ Donald Crowe enyochala, karịsịa, atụmatụ akụkụ abụọ nke Benin, Yoruba na Kuba ma gosikwa oke nyocha nke ndị Africa n'ime ohere nkịtị nke mgbanwe geometric .   N'ime nka ha, Kuba emepụtala ohere niile nke geometric nke mgbanwe dị iche iche nke ụdị oke, na n'ime ụzọ iri na asaa nke imewe nwere ike ịdị iche iche n'elu elu, Kuba ejirila iri na abụọ mee ihe. Nchọgharị a apụtaghị na ha na-ejide onwe ha na nhazigharị ugboro ugboro n'ihu ihu elu a ga-achọ mma.

Àgwà nke Kuba chepụtara kwekọrọ n'ihe Robert Thompson kwuru na ụfọdụ egwu na ụdị nka na-eme n'Afrịka site n'ịkpọ ụda olu, site n'imebi ihe a na-atụ anya ya n'elu, site n'ịkpagharị na ịkwụsịtụ ụkpụrụ ahụ.  N'ime ime akwa akwa, ndị Afrịka nke mpaghara Kasai- Sankuru anaghị ewepụta ihe mejupụtara dịka nkwugharị nke ihe agbakwunyere. Ruo n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, àgwà ndị Euro-American n'ebe a ka edobere nke ukwuu nke na ha na-akpọ nhazi textile "megharịa," ma na-atụ anya ịchọta otu ihe oyiyi yiri ya ugboro ugboro n'elu. Ụdị njikọta a abụghị ihe a na-ahụkarị maka nka akụkụ abụọ nke Africa. 

## Hụkwa

* Kuba nka
* Alaeze Kuba

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Uwe Kuba: Eji geometry na-egwu egwu, africanconservancy.org
Alexander Saroukhan

Alexander Saroukhan ( Armenian  , Arabic  ; Ọktoba 1, 1898 – 1977) bụ onye Armenia – onye Ijipt na-ese ihe nkiri na onye na-ese ihe nke ike mere n'ihe ọmụmụ akwụkwọ na  akwụkwọ Arab na mba ụwa.  A na-ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị caricaturists kasị mma na ndị a ma ama na mba Arab.

## Ndụ mbido
Na 1908 mgbe ọ dị afọ iri ọ kwagara n'Alaeze Ottoman ebe ọ na-echeta.  Ya na nwanne ya nwoke bụ Levon Saroukhan, o edi magazine kwa izu.  Mgbe e hụ, Saroukhan arọ ọrụ dị ka onye nke Russian, Turkish na English ahia na British agha.  N'otu oge ahụ, a na--ta-akara caricatures ya na akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ ozi Armenia, na akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ satiric "Gavrosh."  N'afọ 1922 ọhụ Turkey gaa Europe wee akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Brussels Graphic Art Academy ebe o nwere oke ma gụchaa akwụkwọ ya n'ime afọ abụọ kama a na-emebu&#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Ọrụ
N'afọ 1924, Saroukhan ji ihe ọmụmụ 125 nke ọrụ nkà ya gawa Ijipt .  Ezi ihe osise ya na magazin satric nke a na-akpọ "Cinema Armenia".

Saroukhan ụfọdụ ọrụ ya na ihe ngosi na Cairo na mgbe ahụ na Alexandria .  Site na ihe ngosi ndị ahụ, ọ zutere onye nta Egypt Mohamed El-Tabii .  Site na imekọ ihe ọnụ, ha abụọ ndị nta ndị kacha mkpa na ndị nwere ike na Egypt maka afọ 20. Saroukhan ọrụ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka caricaturist maka akwụkwọ akwụkwọ Rose el-Yusuf na-ekesa ebe El-Tabii bụ  onye nchịkọta.  [1] Ihe osise Saroukhan sere Rose el-Yusuf bụ nke mbụ ya n'ihu magazin ahụ na March 1928. Site na mgbe ahụ gaa n'ihu, a bịara mara Saroukhan dị ka onye ike-agha 'caicaturist'.

Àgwà ya "El Masri Efendi" (nke pụtara Egypt Efendi, المصري أقندي na Arabic) nyekwara aka mee ka ọ mara aha ya. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi esemokwu dị n'etiti Rose (aka Fatima) el-Yusuf na Mohamad el-Tabii, Saroukhan hapụrụ magazin ahụ wee sonye na ndị ọrụ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Ijipt ọzọ a ma ama, "Akher Sa'a" (Oge Ikpeazụ), nke el. -Tabii bipụtara ruo 1946.

Mgbe Mohamed El-Tabii rere " Akher Saa " na " Akhbar El Yom " (Akụkọ nke taa na Arabic), Sarukhan kwagara na akwụkwọ ọhụrụ wee ọrụ maka ya ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1977.

O akara akwụkwọ ndị ọchịchị French "La Caravane," nke e edi n'etiti 1942 na 1945.  ụbọchị Arev .  O nwere ọtụtụ ihe ngosi na Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, Romania.  

## Mbipụta
Otu n'ime akwụkwọ ndị Saroukhan ,bụ Cette guerre (Agha a na French), bụ́ ebe ọ dokwara aka ná ntịdi ọbịbịa nke Agha nke ọgụ .  A na-ewere ya dị ka akwụkwọ akwụkwọ mma dị ka ọ akara nkà ya ima ọchị na nkatọ.

Ụdị Saroukhan bụ nke a ma ama, nweere onwe ya na onye a ma ka ọ na-ese ihe ụmụaka 20,000 caricatures dị iche iche - ụdị ọkọlọtọ, mmadụ mmadụ ma ọ bụ ọchị.  Akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ kwuru "Afọ askarta 1938," nchịkọta asọ asọ, akwụkwọ n'asụsụ Armenia na nkà nke caricature, egwuregwu ise satirical na Armenian, "Mmehie asaa na-egbu egbu", na isiokwu "Otú m si bịa .  Egypt."

Ọ na-ese maka republications nke abụọ abụọ ọrụ nke Armenian satirical odee: Hagop Baronian 's "The Honorable Beggars" ("Medzabadiv Muratsganner" na Armenian) na Yervant Odian's "Comrade Panchoonie" ("Enger Panchouni" na Armenian).

## Ntụaka

* http://www.armeniapedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Saroukhan
Ngesh

Na mpaghara Kuba nke Democratic Republic of Congo, nkwenye na mmụọ okike, nke a na-akpọ *ngesh* ma ọ bụ *mingeh*, bụ ebe niile. Ekwenyere na Ngesh nwere àgwà mmadụ, na-ebi n'akụkụ isi mmiri n'ime ọhịa ma ọ bụ obodo, na enwere ike ịhụ ya n'oge ọ bụla.  Ndị bi na obodo maara aha *ngesh* obodo na ụmụ ha. *Ngesh* na-amanye onwe ha n'ihe gbasara ụmụ mmadụ dị iche iche, gụnyere njikwa owuwe ihe ubi na ọmụmụ ụmụ nwanyị. 

## Ngesh na Kuba masquerade
Akụkọ mmalite maka ụfọdụ omenala ndị Kuba masquerade na-akọwa otú onye kere ihe mkpuchi ahụ si hụ *ngesh* na mbụ n'ime ọhịa na, mgbe oge mgbagwoju anya gasịrị, ọ laghachiri n'ụlọ iji wepụta ihe oyiyi nke *ngesh* . Ọ bụ ezie na *ngesh* adịghị adịkarị n'ụdị ihe atụ na-anọchi anya ya, a na-eche na a pụtara ha n'ụdị ihe atụ, bụ nke mmụọ ndị a na-enye ike.

Ike nke ndị na-eme ihe mkpuchi nwere ike ịghọ ndị na-eme ihe ike bụ akụkụ bụ isi nke Kuba masquerade, ọ bụkwa ihe na-egosipụta mmetụta nke ọdịdị na-enweghị atụ nke ngesh na ndị na-agba egwú Kuba masked. A na-emesikwa njikọ dị n'etiti *ngesh* na masquerade ike site na iwu siri ike na-amachibido ndị na-ekiri ihe imetụ ihe mkpuchi ahụ aka ma ọ bụ ịbịaru onye na-agba egwu mkpuchi anya nso.

## Edensibia
Ịgba afa Kuba

**Ịgba afa** bụ ụdị ịgba afa nke ndị Kuba nke etiti Africa na-eji.

Ndị ọkachamara a na-akpọ *ngwoom* na-eme ịgba afa Kuba. Dị ka ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme John Mack si kwuo, a na-eji ịgba afa nweta ihe ọmụma nke naanị ndị mmụọ, nke a na-akpọ *ngesh*, nwere banyere isi iyi nke ọrịa mmekọrịta mmadụ na nke anụ ahụ nke nwere ike imetụta obodo. Ọ na-arụ isi ihe abụọ: nchọpụta nke ndị ohi, na ịchọpụta ihe kpatara ọrịa. 

## Ngwoom
Ndị na-agba afa ( *ngwoom* ) na-ejigide mmekọrịta kwesịrị ekwesị n'etiti *ngesh* na ụmụ mmadụ. Ọbụlagodi na nguzobe ọgbakọ ụka Ndị Kraịst n'ọtụtụ obodo Kuba n'ime narị afọ nke 20, *ngwoom* na ndị ọkachamara ndị ọzọ nke nka sitere na *ngesh* na-aga n'ihu na-eme ya. 

## Itoom
thumb| Kuba itoom, disc divining efu, si na mkpokọta nke Brooklyn Museum
Kuba *ngwoom* ji okwu rubbing ( *itoom* ) mee ihe n'ime narị afọ nke iri na itoolu na ọkara mbụ nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ. Emebere omume a site na Kete metụtara ya ma ndị Kuba were ya n'ọrụ.

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Kuba-Bushong Diviner, Ngwom, na Ọrụ
Ụgbọ mmiri nke Kasaï

thumb| Velours du Kasaï
**Velours du Kasaï** (Kasaï velvet) bụ ụdị akwa akwa emere na Kasai, mpaghara dị na Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre). Na omenala, ndị ikom Shoowa sitere na agbụrụ Kuba na-akpa akwa, ebe ọ bụ naanị ụmụ nwanyị ka a na-eji akwa akwa. Dị ka o kwesịrị, ndị na-akpa ihe kwesịrị ịdị ime. A ka na-eme usoro a.  

Na mbụ, a na-eji ogbugbo osisi a kụrụ akụ mee ákwà ahụ; Otú ọ dị, ebe ọ bụ na ewebata raffia, ọ bụ naanị akụkụ nke nke a ka dị. A ka na-eme ụfọdụ eriri (duun) na ogbugbo; ha na-anọchi anya ike ma nwee ike na-eyi naanị ụfọdụ ndị isi. A ka na-eji ogbugbo eme ihe maka ụfọdụ akwa uwe maka ụmụ nwanyị (Ishyeen). Ebe etiti nke akwa ukwu ndị a bụ nke nwere ọtụtụ triangles nke ogbugbo, nke ọzọ na-acha oji na ọcha. A na-ebipụ ihe ndị a n'ụgbụgbọ ahịhịa ma ọ bụ eke, ma ọ bụ esiji oji wee dụkọta ọnụ. Nhọrọ nke usoro a karịa nke ịbịaru dị ịrịba ama - maka Kuba, a na-atụle uru site na ike ọrụ.

## Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka

Usòrò:Velours_du_kasai_2.jpg
Usòrò:Velours_kasai_11.jpg
Usòrò:Velours_du_Kasaï_au_Musée_afrcain_de_Namur.jpg


## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Alaeze Kuba (na French)
* Uwe nke Zaire (na French)
* Nkà Omenala nke Congo (na French)
Ikul

**Ikul** ma ọ bụ **ikula** bụ mma ma ọ bụ mma agha dị mkpụmkpụ nke Kuba nke Democratic Republic of Congo .
thumb|283x283px| Ikul mma

## Na-eji
*Ikul* nwere agụba nwere ụdị akwụkwọ (ígwè ma ọ bụ ọla kọpa ma ọ bụ osisi) na aka osisi mechara ya na mkpịsị okirikiri na-eji ihe eji achọ mma mgbe ụfọdụ. Akara ahụ nwere akụkụ etiti nwere akara nke ọma ma nwee ike iji ihe osise chọọ ya mma.    Ha bụ mma emume, nke a na-eji naanị osisi (aka na agụba) mee ụfọdụ n'ime ha ma chọọ ya mma.  **&#xB7;**&#x20;

## Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka

Usòrò:British_Museum_Room_25_Wooden_ikul_Ikulintey_Kuba_people_17022019_4913.jpg|alt=Ikul made of wood.|Ikul mere osisi.
Usòrò:Ceremonial_knife_(ikul)_-_Kuba_-_Royal_Museum_for_Central_Africa_-_DSC05959.JPG|Ikul.
Usòrò:Raccolte_Extraeuropee_-_Passaré_00377_-_Pugnale_Kuba_-_Rep.Dem.Congo.jpg|alt=Ikul of the Kuba people.|Ikul nke ndi Kuba.
Usòrò:Brooklyn_Museum_54.148_Knife.jpg|alt=Ikul in the Brooklyn Museum.|Ikul naỤlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Brooklyn.
Usòrò:Brooklyn_Museum_22.1521_Knife_Ikul.jpg|Ikul.


## Akwụkwọ akụkọ

* Jan Elsen, *De fer et de fierté, Armes blanches d'Afrique noire du Musée Barbier-Mueller*, 5 Continents Editions, Milan, 2003, 
* Laure Meyer, *Nkà na nka na Africa: Ndụ kwa ụbọchị, ememe, Ụlọikpe Art*, 1995

## Edensibia
Ihe mkpuchi okpu Magbo maka ọha mmadụ Oro

Nke a ***magbo okpu agha maka onye Oro Society*** kere yoruba artist Onabanjo nke Itu Meko. Ọ dị ugbu a na nchịkọta Africa nke Indianapolis Museum of Art, nke dị na Indianapolis, Indiana . Emebere ya gburugburu 1880-1910, ọ na-egosi ihe nkedo dị iche iche nke ndị otu obodo a kpụrụ osisi, na-acha ụcha, ma tinyekwa n'ogwe gbagọrọ agbagọ nke gbagoro okpu agha. 

## Nkọwa
Ndị mmadụ iri na atọ dị iche iche kpube okpu agha a, gụnyere onye mkpọrọ, nne na-enye nwa ara, onye nkwusa, onye na -egwu egwu, onye agha, onye okenye, onye na-akụ nkwụ, na onye agha nọ n’elu ugwu nke yi okpu agha nke ya, nke otu nnukwu nnụnụ tolitere. .  Nke a na-egosi oke oha obodo *Oro*, nke gbasara obodo niile. Mgbe afọ 1850 gachara, ihe e ji mara ndị Brazil (dị ka akwụkwọ mpịakọta abụọ dị n’elu isi ihu na ụyọkọ ifuru n’oge nile) ghọrọ akụkụ a na-ahụkarị n’asụsụ asụsụ nka n’etiti otu ndị Ijebu nke ndị Yoruba. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ndị bụbu ndị ohu laghachiri n'ụlọ, na-ebute echiche ọhụrụ n'ọdịbendị ahụ nwere ọkaibe. 

## Ozi akụkọ ihe mere eme
N'obodo ndị Yoruba, ọha *Oro* zoro ezo nwere ike dị ukwuu. Ihe mejupụtara ya bụ ndị isi obodo, bụ́ ndị ga-ezukọ iji kwụọ ụgwọ ọrụ ọma ma jiri ihe nile taa ndị ajọ omume taa ahụhụ site n’ịta ntaramahụhụ ruo ọnwụ. Ha na-elekọtakwa olili ozu. 
### Nnweta
Onye enyemaka Indianapolis Harrison Eiteljorg zụtara ihe mkpuchi a na 1976. O nyere ya IMA na 1989, ebe e nyere ya nọmba ntinye 1989.754. A na-elele ya ugbu a na Eiteljorg Suite of African and Oceanic Art. 

## Onye na-ese ihe
Ọtụtụ nka ndị Africa enweghị atụ. Omume a na-adịghị ahụkebe nke ịtụ mmadụ n'otu n'otu n'okpu agha, kama iji otu osisi kpụrụ ihe osise ahụ dum, mere ka ndị ọkà mmụta kwenye na nke a bụ ọrụ onye na-ese ihe bụ Onabanjo, nke si n'ime obodo Itu Meko, Nigeria . Ebumnuche ndị Brazil na-akwadokwa ọrụ ya. 

## Hụkwa

* Ndi Yoruba nka

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* IMA ibe .
* Vidiyo gbasara obodo ''Oro'' .
Ọgwụgwọ nke Ụmụ Abiku

***Ngwọta ụmụaka Abiku*** bụ ibe nke onye omenkà Naijiria ejima asaa-asaa mere na 1973, nke dị na Indianapolis Museum of Art, nke dị na Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America . Ọ nwere nnukwu ihe e ji osisi rụọ bụ́ nke a kpụrụ akpụ na-esiji ya na-esiji ya iji gosi emume ndị Yoruba dị mkpa. N'ime ya, nne na-agba onye ụkọchukwu ndụmọdụ ka ọ debe ejima ya *[[abiku]]* n'ụwa a, kama ịnwụ na ịmụgharị ya ugboro ugboro. 

## Nkọwa
Ejima asaa asaa maara nke ọma na emume ahụ ọ kọwara, ebe ọ bụ naanị nwa dị ndụ nke nwere ejima asaa. Ndị Yoruba bụ ejima ejima dị elu gọzie ha abụọ ma bụrụkwa ọnụ na-anwụ n'oke ụmụ ọhụrụ, bụ eziokwu nke ha na-akọwa n'echiche nke abiku, ma ọ bụ ụmụaka amụrụ ịnwụ obere oge ka nke ahụ gasịrị. Iji 

Iji kwụsị usoro &#x5D; ** &#x5B; nne na-agakwuru ndị ụkọchukwu na-agba afa pụrụ iche, bụ́ ndị na-eji ememe na ọgwụ eme ka ụmụntakịrị kweta ịnọgide n'obodo. Onye kachasị n'ọrụ a bụ nne dị otú ahụ, nke na-ejide otu n'ime ejima ya abiku ebe nke ọzọ na-ehi ụra n'azụ ya. N'aka ekpe, onye nchụàjà awara n'ọnụ ụzọ na-agwakọta ite ọ ga-eji mee ụmụaka.  Inci ọ bụla nke oghere jupụtara na ndị mmadụ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche, nnukwu anya ha na mkparị ihu ha dabara n'echiche omenala ndị Yoruba. Ngwakọta pụrụ iche nke ejima asaa nke ụdị ọgbara ọhụrụ na nke ọdịnala (ọ bụ ndị Germany na-ese ihe na Nigeria zụrụ ya) na-egosipụta n'ọrụ a, ya na atụmatụ ya gbagwojuru anya, nke siri ike site n'akụkụ ruo n'akụkụ na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ àgwà ọkpụkpụ n'ihi nchikota nke ihe osise na agba. osisi. 

## Hụkwa

* Okpukpe ndị Yoruba
* Ibeji
* 1973 na nka

## Edensibia
Ọ bụghị ndị Germany na-ese ihe zụrụ ejima n'Oshogbo. Mgbe ụfọdụ ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ Ulli Beier na Susanne Wenger na ahụmahụ a na-emetụta ya. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na Georgina Beier na ụlọ ọrụ nka ya na Oshogbo. Ọ dịghị ndị German metụtara. Doig Simmonds ex curator African Studies Ibadan 1950 - 1960

## Njikọ mpụga

* Vidio nke ejima asaa asaa na-akọwa ọrụ ahụ
Opele

**Opele** (a na-asụpe **Opuele** ma ọ bụ **Ocuele** na Latin America ) bụ ụdọ ịgba afa e ji eme n'okpukpe ọdịnala Africa na nke Afro-America, ọkachasị n'ọdịnala Ifá na ndị Yoruba . 

Babalawo (onye na-agba afa) na-eji Opele na-ekwurịta okwu ya na chi amamihe/ihe ọmụma n'ọdịnala ndị Yoruba (Ọrunmila), bụ onye nwere ike ịchọpụta ihe na-akpata na ngwọta maka nsogbu onwe onye na nke mkpokọta na iweghachi nkwekọ na ndụ onye ahụ site na regharịa. -nhazi nke akara aka onye ahụ na/ma ọ bụ Ori (chi nke onwe). Opele bụ obere ngwa ịgba afa nke Babalawos ji amụ Ifa; ekwere na ọ bụ “onye inyeaka” ma ọ bụ “ohu” Ọrunmila, onye na-agwa ndị Babalawo ọchịchọ Ọrunmila na site n’aka ndị Babalawo laghachi na Ọrunmila. A na-eji ya maka ọtụtụ ọrụ ịgba afa kwa ụbọchị. Maka ịgba afa gbasara mkpughe emume dị mkpa ma ọ bụ ozi ogologo ndụ gbasara onye ahịa ma ọ bụ maka mkpebi dị oke mkpa, Babalawos na-ahọrọ iji mkpụrụ Ikin ha, nke ha na-ewere dị ka ihe nnọchianya anụ ahụ nke Ọrunmila n'onwe ya. 

## Edensibia
Ndị ọrụ Osanyin

thumb| Ndị ọrụ Osanyin ji ihe atụ Abstract nke nnụnụ, ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Brooklyn tinye ya
thumb| Ndị ọrụ Osanyin
Ndị na-ahụ maka ahịhịa na ndị ụkọchukwu Yoruba na-arịọ enyemaka Osanyin, mmụọ nke ọgwụ ahịhịa,  ma ọ bụ Opa Erinle, n'ọrụ ha megide ọrịa uche na nke anụ ahụ nke ndị ike ọjọọ na ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu kpatara. Ndị Yoruba kwenyere na ike Osanyin dị n'aka mkpara a na-arụ ọrụ, nke a na-akpọ **mkpara Osanyin**, nke a na-etinye n'elu ebe ịchụàjà nke Orisha a.

Mkpara ahụ bụ okirikiri nke obere nnụnụ na osisi dị n'etiti nke na-ebuli nnukwu nnụnụ elu karịa ndị nta. Babatunde Lawal na-atụ aro na ihe kpatara nkewa a nwere ike ịbụ ịtụ aro ka ebufe ike metaphysical site na celestial gaa na mbara ụwa. Lawal na-eme ka ndị Yoruba na-ekwu banyere Osanyin dị ka "Onye na-ahụ ihe niile, dị ka Olodumare ," na-enye ohere ka ọ bụrụ ebe ọ ga-esi chebe mmadụ niile dị n'okpuru ebe a. 

Nnụnụ, ndị ozi nke Ogun, na-ezo aka na nghọta nke herbalist na ike n'ahụ ndị a na-eme omume ọjọọ. A na-enwekarị nnụnụ iri na isii, na-akpọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ịgba afa kacha nsọ, gbara gburugburu ma na-eche nnụnụ etiti ihu, nke na-anọchi anya chi kịtịkpa. 

Nnụnụ ndị dị na mkpara Osanyin na-atụ aro njikọ iconographic na nnụnụ na okpueze Obas . 

## Edensibia
Mona A. El-Bayoumi

Mona A. El-Bayoumi (ahụ 1962) bụ onye America na-ese ihe na ihe nkiri mgbasa ozi agwakọta .

## ndabere
Amụrụ na Alexandria, Egypt na 1962, El-Bayoumi kwagara United States mgbe ọ dị afọ anọ, wee zụlite ya na East Lansing, Michigan, ebe nne na nna ya kuziri na Mahadum Michigan State.[1][2]  O nwetara nzere bachelọ nke Fine Arts site na Michigan State na 1985, ọkachamara na eserese na eserese.[1] [2]  Mgbe ọ bụ nwata akwụkwọ, ọ nọrọ otu afọ na London ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ nka studio.  Na 1998–1999 ọ dechara mmemme ọnwa itoolu na National Museum of Women in the Arts na Washington, D.C., wee nweta asambodo na ụlọ ngosi nka na nhazi ihe ngosi na imewe site na Mahadum Georgetown.  

## Artwork na ọrụ
Ọrụ El-Bayoumi na-egosi ndị mmadụ, anụmanụ, ihe na ọdịdị ala na acrylic, watercolor, na mgbasa ozi agwakọta na kwaaji iji mepụta.  A kọwawo ọrụ ya dị ka "ihe onyonyo a na-ahụ anya, agba juru eju na aghụghọ dị nro nke nwere ụdị ihe omimi."[1] N'ụzọ dị egwu, ọrụ ya na-egosipụta mgbọrọgwụ North Africa ya, ọzụzụ North America na njem na Egypt, North Africa, Caribbean, Mexico.  na Europe

N'ụzọ doro anya, ọrụ El-Bayoumi lekwasịrị anya n'okwu ikpe na-ezighị ezi, mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị, ịkpa ókè agbụrụ megide ndị Arab, na nsonaazụ nke agha. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na ngosipụta nke ụmụ nwanyị, na-iche na "Ndị inyom Western tọhapụrụ onwe ha" na "ndị inyom Arab a na-emegbu emegbu" n'ụzọ na-ajụ onye ọ bụ onye a na-emegbu na mkpa nnwere onwe. 

## Ọrụ ndị ama ama
El-Bayoumi ibu ọrụ mgbasa ozi agwakọta na-egosi onye njemndọrọ onye America bụ Rachel Corrie, onye otu onye nchekwa nchekwa Israel gburugburu 2003. Ọrụ ya n'afọ 2004, Rachel Corrie, Onye America anyị Ga-adị n'obi mgbe  niile site na foto nke Corrie nwere ọkọlọtọ US na-akpa n'ime obi.

## Ntụaka

 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Saịtị gọọmentị
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Odigba

**Odigba** (Òdìgbà) bụ aha maka nchịkọta ụdọ cylindrical beaded, olu olu, olu ma ọ bụ ngwa ụdọ na omenala Yoruba . Okwu anatomi nke okwu si na edemede edemede: **-Odi** ; ya bu *The bound or keed*, and **-Igba** ; pụtara *olu olu ma ọ bụ eriri* .
thumb|189x189px| Eriri olu olu Ifa (Odigba Ileke Ifa) nwere akpa abuo abuo, 1900s, Guinea Coast, Nigeria, Yoruba people, akwa, ugegbe ugegbe, osisi.
Enwere ụdị dị iche iche dabere na ojiji ma ọ bụ ọrụ ha. Ndị eze na-eji bụ ndị a na-akpọkarị *Odigba Oba* ma ọ bụ *Odigba ileke*, ebe ndị *Babalawo* na-eji, ndị na-agba afa ma ọ bụ ndị ụkọchukwu mara aha; *Odigba Ifa* . Ụdị bead ndị a na-ejikarị na eriri eriri gụnyere iko, osisi, na coral. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ihe ndị e si na ya mee Odigba nwere ihe dị mkpa n'ememe ma ọ bụ na-anọchi anya akara ngosi dị mkpa dị ka 'ogologo ndụ' na 'adịgide adịgide'. Enwere ike tinye / gwọọ ha na mkpuru osisi dị iche iche na obere akpa ndị ahụ nwere ike ịnwe ọgwụ ike ekwenyere na ọ na-enye onye na-ebu ya ikike nchebe. 

Ha na-abịa n'ụdị dị iche iche, ụdị na nhazi dị iche iche na-egosipụta mmasị dị iche iche nke dị iche iche n'ofe ala Yoruba na mpaghara omenala ndị Yoruba na-emetụta.

Mgbe ejiri ya dị ka ngwa ngwa, Odigba na-egosipụtakwa mkpa ọ dị, ma ọ bụ kwupụta ọkwa nke Oba ma ọ bụ onye akpọrọ aha nke ọha na-eyi ya. Na mbụ, ihe ma ọ bụ ihe ndị a kpụrụ akpụ bụ ebe nchekwa maka ndị eze na ndị otu ndị ọzọ nọ n'ọkwa dị elu, ọkachasị *Ojoye/Ijoye* (ndị isi). Otú ọ dị, ndị babalawo, bụ ndị a na-ahụ na ọha mmadụ dị ka *ndị nna nke ihe omimi*, ndị nlekọta nke Yoruba esoteric ihe ọmụma na conduit n'etiti anụ ahụ na ndị ọzọ ụwa nwekwara ike inwe odigba, na-ebuli onwe ha ọnọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị site n'ime ya. 

Odigba abụghị otu bead ma ọ bụ olu akwa mana nchịkọta nke olu olu nke ọ bụla a kụkọtara wee jikọta ọnụ ka ọ bụrụ nnukwu ibe. Ọ nwekwara ike were obere akpa kwụgidere ogologo, akpa ma ọ bụ akpa mekwara site na beads ma ọ bụ akpụkpọ anụ mara mma nke ga-ekowe dị ka sash site n'otu akụkụ ma ọ bụ n'akụkụ abụọ nke torso ma ọ bụ úkwù nke onye nwe ya n'ụdị eriri okpukpu abụọ. . 

## Edensibia
Ajere Ifa

thumb| Ifa divination bowl, agere Ifa (Yoruba, Nigeria), World Museum Liverpool
thumb| Maku, bụ́ ọkà n’ịkpụ ihe n’obodo Erin, ma ọ bụ Toibo, bụ́ nwa ya, kpụrụ ihe oyiyi a na-egbu ikpere n’ala. Isi oval ahụ elongated, nke edobere n'olu gbagọrọ agbagọ, ntị ndị a kpụrụ akpụ, na ahịrị ndị a gbajiri agbaji gafee na n'okpuru anya ọkara mechiri emechi bụ njirimara nke ndị na-ese ihe. Ọ ga-abụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ bụ ebe a na-edebe obere onyinye n’elu ebe ịchụàjà, ikekwe a raara nye Shango, bụ́ chi nke égbè eluigwe na àmụ̀mà.
**Agere ifa** (àgéré Ifá) bụ ihe eji ejidere, arịa ma ọ bụ akpa e ji echekwa ma na-ebuli nkwụ dị nsọ ma ọ bụ **ikin** e ji amụ ndị Yoruba . A na-esi na osisi na-eme ọtụtụ Agere, ma ọ bụ ọdụdụ na aki oyibo. 

N'inyere emume ya na ọrụ ịchọ mma, àgére Ifá na-enye onye na-ese ihe n'ọkpụkpụ Yoruba ohere pụrụ iche iji gosi nkà nka ya.

A na-esikarị n'osisi kpụrụ ya wee tụọ ihe dị n'agbata sentimita ise na iri na isii n'ịdị elu, otu akpa a na-ahụkarị bụ n'ụdị anụmanụ ma ọ bụ ihe oyiyi mmadụ nke na-ebu obere efere. N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, enwere ike iji njirimara metaphysical nke ebumnuche anụmanụ nyere (dịka agwọ ma ọ bụ apịtị) iji mee ka mkpụrụ nkwụ dị nsọ dị n'ime nnukwu efere ahụ nwee ike. Ma mgbe motif na-ewere ọdịdị mmadụ, ọ na-enwekarị ihe votive, karịsịa ebe ọ bụ na ụfọdụ àgéré Ifá na-enye ndị ahịa aka onye na-agba afa iji kelee Òrúnmìlà maka ngozi ma ọ bụ ịrịọ chi ka ọ nyekwuo onye nyere onyinye amara.  

## Edensibia
Gaby Aghion

Gabrielle Aghion (née Hanoka ; [1] [2] 3 Ma ọchịchị 1921 [3] – 27 September 2014) bụ onye akwụkwọ ejiji na onye ụlọ ụlọ ejiji French Chloé .  Ekwuru na o chepụtara nkebi ahụ ahụ " prêt-à-porter ". 

## Ndụ mbido
Akiri Gabrielle Hanoka na Aleksandria, Egypt, nke sitere na ndị na-agụ Greek na ndị Juu Italiantali.  Nna ya bụ onye njikwa ụlọ ọrụ na-ese sịga na nne ya bụ onye nwe ụlọ nke nwewere na ejiji French .  Ọ zutere di ya, Raymond Aghion (1921–2009), mgbe ha abụọ dị afọ asaa na ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị.  A Ozi ya n' ndị ndị Juu bara echiche Ịtali nke ndị na-ebupụ owu.  N'agbanyeghị na ọ nọ n'ikiri elu, ọ safụrụ onye ndọrọndọrọ uzo Kọmunist, hiwere otu akwụkwọ a na-akpọ Democratic Union dị ka ebe obibi ndị isi maka ndị Kọmunist Egypt na ibipụta magazin na akwụkwọ ndị ozi Kọmunist.  Hanoka na Agion ngosi mgbe ha dị afọ 19. Ha kwagara Paris ọnụ na 1945, na-atụ egwu nkewa nke òtù ndị Kọmunist nke Ijipt.  Na Paris, ha ụzọ na-akpa nwoke n'ime obodo ndị Kọmunist, na-anụru nso na ndị edemede Louis Aragon, Paul Éluard, na Tristan Tzara .  

## Ọrụ
Agion akara Chloé na 1952. Raymond mepere ụlọ ngosi nka na 1956,kere na nka ọgbara ọhụrụ .  

Aghion iwu siri ike nke ejiji 1950s [1] wee jide uwe dị nro, nke echere na nke anụ ahụ sitere na akwa mara mma, na-akpọ ha "Prêt-à-porter okomoko".   Pụrụ iche maka oge ha, ha bụ uwe dị na akwa akwa.   O hiwere ulo akwukwo ya n'ime ulo odibo n'elu nnukwu ulo ya.   Aghion na Jacques Lenoir akara na 1953, ya na Lenoir na-elekọta ọrụ mgbe Aghion na-ewere ọrụ okike.

Agion akara Chloé na 1952. Raymond mepere ụlọ ngosi nka na 1956,kere na nka ọgbara ọhụrụ .

Agion kwuru, sị: "Ihe niile ka emepụtara, nke a masịrị m."   Ọ goro Karl Lagerfeld n'oge ọrụ ya, yana ndị edemede ejiji ndị ọzọ na-enweta.   [1] Nwa ya nwoke, Philippe, na-echeta Lagerfeld na-echeta na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ n'etiti 1960: "Mgbe o si [ihe] Jean Patou bịarute, Karl bụ onye ihere. Ya na nne m mere otu egwuregwu dị egwu.  .Ọ bata na nsɔ nke Chloé."

Agion gara n'ihu na-agba Chloé ruo 1985, mgbe Dunhill Holdings (bụ Compagnie Financière Richemont Group) achọra ya.  [1] Ọ nwụrụ na Paris na 27 Septemba 2014 

N'October 2023, ụlọ ngozi mgbe ochie ndị Juu dị na New York meghere ụlọ nke oge: Gaby Aghion na ụlọ Chloé, ihe ngwere ihe ngosi mbụ nke na-mgbe ọrụ Aghion. 

## Ihe nrite

* Ndị agha France nke nsọpụrụ (2013) 

## Ntụaka

* ''Chloe'' nke Helene Schoumann (nke Assouline bipụtara, 2003).
* Gaby Aghion na Karl Lagerfeld na-elegharị anya n'oge gara aga na ihe ngosi na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke akara Chloé na Paris . *Akwụkwọ akụkọ New York Times*, Ọktoba 17, 2012
Jean Agélou

Jean Agélou (16 Ọktoba 1878 - 2 Ọgọst 1921 [1] ) bụ onye na-ese foto French nke 1910s na 1920s, nke a kacha mara amara maka foto na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ nke onye na-ese foto French nke 20.  Agélou na Alexandria, Egypt, na Ọktoba 1878

Christian Bourdon na Jean-Pierre Bourgeron, ndị isi na-anakọta akwụkwọ ozi, agbaala mbọkọta mkpokọta ọrụ ya zuru oke dịka ha nwere ike

## Akụkọ ndụ
A maghị ọtụtụ ihe gbasara ndụ onwe Agélou, ma e wezụga na mgbe 1908 mma, Fernande bụ onye ọrịa ya n'anya na ihe gboo.  Ọ bụ onye akàrà nke ekwenyere na aha ya bụ Fernande Barrey (1893–1960).  [1] Ọ ga-e mkpakọ maka ndị na-ese ihe bụ Amedeo Modigliani na Chaïm Soutine, ọ ga-abụkwa onye na-ese ihe n'onwe ya.

Na 1900 akara a Mkpa awụ nke agụụ mmekọahụ foto, ma foto ka nwere ezi uche na ọ bịanyere aka n'akwa ya "JA".  O were ogologo oge tupu a mara ezigbo aha "JA".
thumb| Ọmụmaatụ nke foto Agélou.
Ọ pụta ibipụta ọrụ ya na magazin L'Étude académique, bụ nke e bu n'uche maka ndị na-ese ihe, mana nke ahụ nwere ndị debanyere aha 20,000, ma ike bipụtapụta ozi nke ya.  Afọ nke ụdị ya sitere na 20 ruo 24 afọ, otu bụ naanị afọ 14, nke bụ iwu n'okpuru iwu nke March 16, 1899. E wezụga ihe ozi, Agélou mekwara ihe oyiyi stereoscopic, n'agbanyeghị na ndị dị a dị ụkọ.  O ji ma ịhụnanya oge niile yana stereo sere foto n'oge n'uche nwere ihe ihe 

Ama ịgbaro ịgba ɔtɔ na foto na France na 7 ndidi 1908. Ịgba ɔtɔ n'akenkan summar ma me mma ihe oyiyi, , Toolre ree ma ọ bụ obere panties na-enye aka na ntutu isi.   Onyo gba ɔ ɔtɔtɔ bere na-ekesa na, na ndị na-ahụ ihe ga-eji akɔ mee ihe.   Ndị agha nọ n'ụdị Agha Mbụ ji foto Fernande gosi ihe nke ukwuu.   [1] [2] A na-aghaghị ire ma ọ bụ bubata akwụkwọ ozi ndị na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ na envelopu e mechiri emechi.   Mbipụtapụta nke Agélou .

Jean Agélou nwụrụ na 1921 na ihe mberede ụgbọ ala ya na nwanne ya nwoke George, mgbe ọ dị afọ 42. George lekọtara akụkụ azụmahịa yana Jean chọtara ụdị ahụ wee mee foto ahụ. Emere foto ndị ahụ na studio na ọkụ eke, ndị na-ese ihe na-ese ihe ndozi mere azụ azụ.

## Hụkwa

* Foto erotic

## Ntụaka

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ

* 

## Njikọ mpụga

* sicharmantes.com : Ọrụ igwe mmadụ nke na-enye mbipụta foto n'ezie. A ga-eji ezigbo ihe ọjọọ Jean Agélou mepụta mbipụta.
* Foto dị iche iche sitere na Jean Agelou Archived   * njikọ agbajiri
* Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke kaadị ozi agụụ mmekọahụ * njikọ agbajiri
* Fernande Berry, Foto site na Jean Agélou * njikọ agbajiri
* Miss Fernande na akụkọ ihe mere eme Stereoscopy
Rowland Abiodun

thumb| Rowland Abiodun
**Rowland O. Abiodun,** b. 1941, bụ prọfesọ onye America-American na onye ode akwụkwọ mara amara maka ntinye aka ya na ngalaba mmụta nka nke Africa, ọkachasị Art Yoruba. Ọ bụ ugbu a John C. Newton Prọfesọ nke Art, History of Art, na Black Studies na Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts. O nwetara BA na Fine Arts na 1965 na Mahadum Ahmadu Bello, Zaria, Nigeria, na MA ya na Art History na Mahadum Toronto. Amụrụ na Owo Nigeria,  Abiodun edeela ọtụtụ ihe gbasara ọrụ nka nke ndị Yoruba nke Naijiria na Benin nke oge a mepụtara. Abiodun bụ John C. Newton Prọfesọ Art, History of Art, and Black Studies na Amherst College .    Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka onye nduzi nke African Studies Association  ma nọdụ na ndụmọdụ ndụmọdụ maka Smithsonian's National Museum of African Art . 

Abiodun ewepụtala ọtụtụ ihe ngosi nka nka ndị Africa ama ama na United States. Ihe ngosi ya *Artist dị ka Explorer: African Art sitere na mkpokọta Walt Disney-Tishman,* nke egosiri na National Geographic Society's Explorer Hall, rụrụ afọ abụọ tupu Smithsonian nweta mkpokọta Disney-Tishman.   Ihe ngosi *Yoruba: Centuries of Africa Art and Thought* nke ya na Henry John Drewal, John Pemberton III na Allen Wardwell jikọtara ya gụnyere ọrụ nka sitere na Lagos na Ife, ụfọdụ n'ime ha na-ahụtụbeghị mbụ na United States tupu e gosipụta ya. na Center for African Art na Art Institute of Chicago .  

N'afọ 2011, Abiodun nwetara onyinye nturu ugo nke ACASA Leadership Award, ihe nrite maka "onye ihe ọ rụzuru na-egosipụta nke ọma n'ịmụ ihe gbasara nka na nka nke Africa na/ma ọ bụ African Diasporic art na/ma ọ bụ onye onyinye ọhụrụ na ọhụụ ya kwalitere ubi ahụ."  

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ

* *Art na Asụsụ Yoruba: Ịchọ onye Africa na Art Africa.* Cambridge University Press, 2014. 
* *Ihe na-eso isii kariri asaa: Ịghọta Art Africa.* British Museum Department of Ethnography, 1995. 

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ibram Lassaw

Ibram Lassaw (May 4, 1913 - Disemba 30, 2003) bụ onye ọkpụ akpụ nke Russia-American, mara maka ihe na-acha akwụkwọ ewu na ọla brazed .

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mindi Lassaw na Alexandria, Egypt, nke nne na nna émigré Russia, ọ gara US na 1921. Ezin ya biri na Brooklyn, New York .  Ọ bụ nwa amaala US na 1928. O buru ụzọ ụzọ ihe ọkpụkpụ na 1926 na Clay Club ma àgwà na Beaux-Arts Institute of Design na New York.  O mere mfe na ike na-ahụ ahụkebe nke Kandinsky, Sophie Taeuber-Arp, na ndị na-ese ihe ndị ọzọ na-emetụta.  Ọ gakwara na City College of New York .

N'ịbụ onye ọmụmụ ya gbasara akụkọ ihe mere eme nka na agụ na akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe nkiri Europe, Lassaw malitere ime ihe ọkpụkpụ na njedebe 1920. Ọ so na "obere otu ndị na-ese ihe na-etinye onwe ha n'ọrụ nka n'oge 1930."  N'ọrụ ya, Ibram Lassaw "dochiri monolithic siri ike nke nkedo ígwè na ihe owuwu oghere enwetara site na ịgbado ọkụ." 

N'ime etiti 1930s, Lassaw onye ọrụ nwa oge maka ọrụ na eze na-ehicha ihe ndị ọkpụkpụ gburugburu New York City.  O mechara sonye na WPA dị ka onye nkuzi na onye na-akpụ ihe ruo mgbe etinyere ya n'afọ agha na 1942. Ntụnye Lassaw na-aga n'ihu nke abstraction sculptural ihe ọhụrụ;  nkwalite ya nke ụdị ọgbara ọhụrụ n'ime afọ 1930 mere ihe dị ukwuu iji hụ na uto nke nka si anya na United States.  Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị ahụ otu American Abstract Artists na 1937, [1] [2] wee jee ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke American Abstract Artists akwụkwọ site na 1946 ruo 1949

Lassaw bụ onye na-akpụ ihe bụ nke New York School of Abstract expressionism n'oge 1940s na 1950s.  Jackson Pollock, Lee Krasner, James Brooks, John Ferren, Willem de Kooning, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe dị ka Lassaw ngwaọrụ n'oge mmụta na Southern Shore nke Long Island .  Lassaw ụgbọ oge ọkọchị na Long Island site na 1955 ruo mgbe ọ kwagara ebe ahụ na-adịgide na 1963.

Ọrụ ya na veranda, Anita Shapolsky Gallery na New York City na Harmon Meek Gallery na Naples, Florida .  

## Hụkwa

* Nkwupụta okwu abstract
* Ụlọ akwụkwọ New York

## Isi mmalite

* John Lynch, ''Ọkpụkpụ ọla; ụdị ọhụrụ, usoro ọhụrụ'' p.&nbsp;99; p.&nbsp;135
* ''Scultura na America'' (Roma : Edizioni della cometa, 1990.) p.&nbsp;73–82
* ''Afọ 200 nke ihe ọkpụkpụ America'' (New York: David R. Godine na mkpakọrịta na Whitney Museum of American Art, © 1976.) p.&nbsp;181; p.&nbsp;183; p.&nbsp;184; p.&nbsp;286

## Ntụaka


## Njikọ mpụga

* artcyclopedia
* ro gallery bio
* American Abstract Artists
* Ihe ngosi Ibram Lassaw na Matera, Italy; Ọkpụkpụ na arụ ọrụ na akwụkwọ 1913-2003
Yannis Mitarakis

**Yannis Mitarakis** ( Greek : Γιάννης Μυυταράκης; Alexandria, Egypt, 1897/98 - Athens, Greece, 1963) bụ onye na-ese odida obodo Gris .

## Akụkọ ndụ
Amụrụ ya na 1897 ma ọ bụ 1898 na Alexandria ma bụrụ onye otu obodo Gris nke Egypt . Ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na agronomy na Paris site na 1915 ruo 1921. N'ime afọ ya na Paris, ọ gara inye ihe na-eme na A. Lohre Academy na La Palette .

Ihe ngosi Mitarakis nke na 1922 na France.  Ọ la mfe Gris na 1929 wee biri na Atens ebe ọ igosi oge ndụ ya niile. Ọ bụ onye otu ndị ọrụ nka Gris dị iche iche ma nye aka n'ọtụtụ ihe ngosi nke ụlọ na nke mba ụwa. Mitarakis sonyeere na Biennale nke Venice (1934, 1936 na 1940), Biennale nke São Paulo (1958), Alexandria wdg, Guggenheim (ya na ndị na-ese ihe Gris ibe Yiannis Spyropoulos, Panayiotis Tetsiayisousos Goouuna Spyros, na Spyrosliros Giriki) etc. Ọ nwụrụ na Athens na 23 February 1963.

Yiannis Mitarakis mesoro nke ọma na ụzọ odida obodo. Nkwalite ya bụ isi bụ odida obodo Gris. Ọ chepụtakwara akpaalaokwu okwu ebe agba fauve na-achị. 

## Ntụaka

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ

* *Odida obodo Greek, 19th - 20th century*, National Gallery na Alexandros Soutzos Museum, Athens, 1998.
Konstantinos Parthenis

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|426x426px| Eserese nke Kostas Parthenis.
Konstantinos Parthenis ( Greek : Κωνσταντίνος Παρθένης; 10 Mee 1878 - 25 Julaị 1967) bụ onye na-ese ihe Gris a ma ama.  A Wall na Aleksandria, LAB nke obodo Gris dị n'Ijipt, Parthenis mebiri omenala Gris nke mbụ awụ nke 19 wee webata ihe ọgbara ọhụrụ yana isiokwu ọdịnala, dị ka nke onye, ​​n'ihe osise ya.

## Ndụ
Konstantinos Parthenis njikwa nye nne Ịtali na nna Gris na Aleksandria .  Mgbe oge obere mkpa na Italy mkpuchi, ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ site na 1895 ruo 1903 na Academy of Fine Arts Vienna n'okpuru Karl Wilhelm Diefenbach .  Parthenis so na otu nka nka "Humanitas" ntọala ntọala na 1897 site na Diefenbach na "Himmelhof" na Ober Sankt Veit, wee bụrụ isi ihe nke ọzọ ma ọ bụ ntọala ndụ.  Parthenis gụkwara nkuzi egwu n'otu oge na Vienna Conservatory.  Ihe ngosi solo mbụ bụ na Boehm Künstlerhaus na 1899. Mgbe ọ ọmụmụ akwụkwọ na Vienna, ọ kwagara Paris na 1903, wee biri na Gris, ebe ọ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ihe ngosi.  N'afọ 1907, ọ na-ese ihe osise nke mmekọrịta George dị na Vienna.  ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike dị ka onye na-ese akara ngosi nke eke miri emi mana ejirikwa dị nta na ike mara.  Mgbe ụfọdụ na Venice Biennale na 1938, Ịtali otú otu n'ime ọrụ ya.

## mpụga

* Ederede Chr. Christou
* Nchịkọta ihe osise nnọchiteanya
Hagop Sandaldjian

Hagop Sandaldjian (1931 [1] -1990 [2] ) bụ onye nke Armenian American onye na-egwu egwu na onye na-ese ihe ọrụ, [3] kacha mara amara maka obere nka, nke egosiri ugbu a na Museum of Jurassic  Technology na Los Angeles, California.  [1] Ihe ndị Sandaldjian mere ihe osise nke Ugwu Ararat na ọka osikapa;  obe nke otu onye olaedo nke Jisos kwụgidere n'elu obe emere site na eriri ntutu nke Sandaldjian nwere bisected;  na-akpọ nke ihe osise Disney ( Snow White na Seven Dwarfs ma ọ bụ Mickey Mouse, dịka ọmụmaatụ) ma ọ bụ ike ihe mere eme (dị ka Napoleon ma ọ bụ Pope John Paul II ) nke a na-egosi na anya ma ọ bụ  n'ọnụ nke agịga.  

A anim Sandaldjian na Aleksandria, Egypt, wee gaa na Soviet Union ịga egwu na Yerevan, Armenia na na Moscow .  Mgbe ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Ippolitov-Ivanov Music College na 1955, ọ elele onye violin, na-akpa music na a conservatory na Yerevan.  [1] Sandaldjian kwagara United States na 1980, ma apụ ka ọ hapụ nchịkọta mbụ ya nke obere ọrụ 18. N'ime afọ iri sochirinụ, o obere 33 ọzọ

N'ịbụ onye na-arụ ọrụ nke nta nke nta n'okpuru microscope, Sandaldjian jiri ngwá ọrụ ejiri aka ya rụọ ọrụ dị ka agịga dị nkọ nke e ji uzuzu rubi ma ọ bụ diamond tụchie ya, na-eji ihe ndị dị ntakịrị dị ka uzuzu, lint, na ntutu na-achịkọta ihe ọkpụkpụ ya.  Ọbụna n'ime mmadụ ole na ole na-arụ ọrụ nkà nke microminiature, Sandaldjian bụ ihe ọhụrụ na ọ na-ese ọrụ ya, na-eji otu eriri ntutu dị nkọ dị ka ahịhịa.  Sandaldjian ga-ewe oge ihe ọ na-eme ka ọ bata n'agbata obi ya, si otú a na-eme ka ọ na-achịkwa mkpịsị aka ya.  Even among the few practitioners of microminiature art, Sandaldjian was unusual in that he painted his work, using a single sharpened strand of hair as a brush.  Sandaldjian would time his motions to come between his heartbeats, thus maximizing his control of his fingers. In 1982 he received a prize from the National Small Works Competition for his work "Wild Animals".
Sandaldjian's work has been covered in outlets such as the Wall Street Journal, "‘In Miniature’ Review: Let’s Get Small", Those who saw Sandaldjian at work said that they could not tell when his hands moved. Ndị hụrụ Sandaldjian ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ kwuru na ha amaghị mgbe aka ya mere. 

Dị ka akọwara n'akwụkwọ Lawrence Weschler nke Mr. Wilson's Cabinet of Wonder, Museum of Jurassic Technology nchoputa David Hildebrand Wilson àmà Sandaldjian site n'aka onye ọbịa ngwere ihe ochie, wee malite ileta ya n'ike ya na Montebello,  California .  Wilson, onye n'anya onye na-ese ihe dị ka "nwoke dị", ngechiri inye Sandaldjian ihe ngosi na ụlọ ngosi, mana mgbe ọkpara Sandaldjian ka ọ gwa ya, Wilson matara na onye na-ese ihe anwụla nanị ụbọchị iri.  gara aga.  Weschler na-akọkwa na obi abụọ mbụ ọ na-enwe ihe ngosi izi ezi ihe ngosi Sandaldjian nke ihe ngwere nke mmụọ mgbe ọ na-ehira nwa Sandaldjian na Montebello, bụ́ onye ọkụ na-egosi otú nna ya si arụ ọrụ, ma gwakwa Wechsler  ihe nkiri nke microminiature na Armenia.

## Mbipụta

* *Anya nke agịga: Ụwa Pụrụ Iche nke Microminiatures nke Hagop Sandaldjian,* na edemede nke Ralph Rugoff, Museum of Jurassic Technology, 1996, Los Angeles, California, USA.  .

## Ntụaka
Mohamed Nagy (onye na-ese ihe)

Mohamed Nagy ( Egypt Arabic ), sụkwara Mohamed Nagi na n'asụsụ Arabik dị ka Muhammad Naji [1] (17 Jenụarị 1888 – 1956) [2] bụ onye omenkà Ijipt.  A na-ele ya anya dị ka otu n'ime ndị ọrịa nkà ndị Ijipt ọgbara ọhụrụ, [3] na ọ bụ ya osisi ụlọ akwụkwọ ọgbara ọhụrụ nke Egypt.  [2] Ọ bụ onye natara ihe nri nri edo nke Salon du Paris maka "Renaisance Egypt" ya.  Ọrụ ya ndị ọzọ, bụ ndị nabatara nke ọma, bụ ihe osise nke " Ọgwụgwụ ndị Ijipt oge ochie, ọgwụ oge ochie, ọgwụ ndị mmadụ na nke Mohamed Ali".

Mgbe Nagy nwụsịrị, Tharwat Okasha, Minista Omenala nke Egypt, mepere Mohamed Nagy Museum na 13 Julaị 1968 

## Ndụ mbido
A inji Mohammed Nagi nye nna onye Egypt na nne Turkey, [1] n'obodo Mediterranean nke Aleksandria na 17 January 1888. O tara nri dị ukwuu n'ụdị nka nke uri, nka nka na ike site n'oge ọ bụ nwata,  nakwa n'egwu (ịkpọ violin na lute).  Site na 1906 ruo 1910, ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ iwu na Lyons .  Site na 1910 ruo 1914 ọ debanyere aha na igbu ihe nka na Academy of Fine Arts na Florence, Italy, nwa akwụkwọ mbụ si Egypt mee ya.  Claude Monet (1840-1926) bụ onye nkuzi ya na nkà nke European Impressionism.  [2] Nwanne onye na-ese ihe bụ Effat Nagy, bụkwa onye na-ese ihe a ma ama n'Ijipt. 

## Ndụ ọkachamara na ihe nketa
N'ụzọ dị egwu n'ebe iwu oge ochie nke nkà dị" ma tinye uche na ike ya na Impressionism .  Ihe osise ya bụ eze nke ọdịnala Egypt na ụdị nka ọgbara ọhụrụ.  isi bụ isiokwu ya, ọrụ nkà na akara na n'elu ala na-adịgide nke ndị na-ese ihe nke Ijipt oge ochie ochie ya

Na 1939 Nagy gosiri nnukwu ọrụ ya ikiri "Alexandria School" mgbe ọ na-eduzi Museum of Modern Art dị ka onye nduzi ya.  Na 1952, iji mee ka ọrụ ya nwee ike, o nwe iwu ụlọ atelier n'otu ala nke ọra n'aka Hadayek El Ahram .  Ọ gbasoro ọrụ a ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na studio ya na 1956. [1] Na 1962, Ministry of Culture aghara atelier ya na Tharwat Okasha meghere nke ọma Mohamed Nagy Museum na 13 Julaị 1968. Ndị ihe ngosi nka nwere ike na ihe 1,200,  [2] egwu 40 nke isiokwu Nagy nwanne ya nyere nyere ihe ngosi nka

## Ntụaka
Ajị anụ Lagunju

thumb| Wole Lagunju, 2023|234x234px
**Wole Lagunju**, onye amuru na 1966 na Oshogbo, Nigeria, bu onye otuto maka uzo ohuru ya nke jikọtara nka omenala ndi Yoruba na mmetụta Western nke oge a.  N'ịbụ onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Fine Arts na Graphic Design na Mahadum Ife (nke bụ Mahadum Obafemi Awolowo ugbu a) na 1986, ụdị nka Lagunju na-atụgharị na eserese dị mgbagwoju anya na-ejikọta ihe mkpuchi Gelede omenala na ihe nnọchianya nke ụmụ nwanyị ọdịda anyanwụ nke oge a, na-akọwapụta nka na imewe Yoruba.

## Ọrụ na gallery
Ọrụ ya na-egosipụta njikọ nke akara ngosi omenala sitere na oge akụkọ ihe mere eme dị iche iche dị ka Dutch *Golden Age*, oge Elizabethan, na etiti narị afọ nke 20 Euro-American milieu.    Mpempe akwụkwọ Lagunju na-enyocha oge ịchịisi na ọchịchị nke Africa, na-akatọ agbụrụ agbụrụ na mmekọrịta ọha na eze narị afọ nke 19 ka ọ na-ekwu maka ike, nwanyị, na nwanyị.  

Lagunju egosila ọtụtụ ihe na Nigeria na mba ụwa, na ihe ngosi ndị a ma ama dị ka "Yoruba Remixed" na Ebonycurated Gallery na Capetown (2018) na "Womanscape: Race, Gender, and Sexuality in African Art" na Mahadum Texas, Austin (2011). N'ịghọta maka onyinye ya, ọ natara Phillip Ravenhill Fellowship site na UCLA na 2006 na onyinye Pollock Krasner na 2009. N'ịbụ onye bi na United States, ọhụụ ya pụrụ iche na-aga n'ihu na-etolite ma na-eme nke ọma.    

Nkà ya na-abanye n'ime ngwakọ omenala, na-ejikọta ihe mkpuchi Gelede na ihe oyiyi nke ike sitere na oge akụkọ ihe mere eme dị iche iche. Site n'itinye ihe onyonyo nke narị afọ nke 19 nke Europe na akara ngosi 1950-60s, Lagunju ịma aka na-agbaso ụkpụrụ ọdịnala, na-ekwu okwu nke ike, okike, na njirimara.  

Ihe ngosi ya na nso nso a, "*Cut From the Same Cloth*," na-abanye n'ime njirimara omenala na ejiji nke oge a, na-ejikọta usoro Gelede ya na-aga n'ihu na obere ọrụ. Nkà nke Lagunju bu n'obi kpalite mkparịta ụka gbasara echiche agbụrụ na nghọta ọdịbendị, na-ajụ ajụjụ gbasara agbụrụ na ihe nketa.  

Site n'ọrụ ya, Lagunju na-agagharị na mkparịta ụka dị mgbagwoju anya n'etiti ọdịnala na ọgbara ọhụrụ, na-enyocha isiokwu nke njirimara, okike, na ike. O nwetara nkwado zuru ụwa ọnụ site n'ọrụ na mkpokọta ndị a ma ama dị ka St. Louis Art Museum na mkpokọta Bank World. A na-aga n'ihu na-eme mmemme nka nka site na ihe ngosi n'ụwa niile, yana iberibe dịka "*Irawo II*" na-enweta otuto na St. *Louis Art Museum* na 2023.

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Z. S. Strother

**Zoë S. Strother** bụ onye ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme. Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka Riggio Prọfesọ nke Art Africa na Mahadum Columbia . Ọrụ ya lekwasịrị anya na akụkọ ihe nka Central na West Africa narị afọ nke 20 na 21.

Strother bụ onye otu Guggenheim 2000.  Akwụkwọ ya *Inventing Masks*     meriri 2001 Arnold Rubin Outstanding Publication Award from the Arts Council of the African Studies Association .  N'ime ya ọ na-akọwa masks dị ka akụkụ nke nnukwu arụmọrụ ma si otú a na-emepụta usoro.  N'imegide akwara Franz Boas nke ịkọwa nka Africa dị ka ihe mkpuchi dị ka ihe na-echekwa ọdịnala, ọrụ ubi Strother chọpụtara na ha bụ saịtị nke mepụtara na ihe ọhụrụ, na-egosipụta ụlọ ọrụ nke ndị okike na ndị na-eyi ya.  Ndị nkatọ toro akwụkwọ ahụ, na-ekwu na nhụsianya mkpuchi ahụ abụghị "okwu siri ike". 

## Na-arụ ọrụ

* *Ichepụta Masks: Agency na History na Art nke Central Pende* ( Mahadum Chicago Press, 1998)  , 
* *Pende* (Mbipụta kọntinent 5, 2008) 
* *Vladimir Markov na Russian Primitivism : A Charter maka Avant-Garde' na Jeremy Howard na Irēna Bužinska (Ashgate, 2015)  , *
* *Ọchị na ime ihe ike: Ịhụ ndị Europe na Art Central African, 1850-1997* ( Indiana University Press, 2016)  , 

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ