John Bunion Murray

John Bunion (JB) Murray (kpọkwara Murry; 1908–1988) bụ onye na-ese ihe sitere sitere na Glascock County, GA .  [1] tinye ọrụ ya n'etiti ihe ngosi nka ndị mmadụ ma ya na American Folk Art Museum [2] na Smithsonian American Art Museum, [3] ma ngwaọrụ ya n'ịbụ nke ngwere ihe ngosi nka, "egwu  Self-Teught Genius" na AFAM na "Mgbe ị na-egosi ngosi" na Studio Museum .  [4] A maara ọrụ nke ọma maka agba agba na edemede emezi, nke a na-akpọ "edemede akwụkwọ," nke onye na-ese ihe nwere ike ike ya. 

## Ndụ mbido
John Bunion (JB) Murray igwe John H. Murray na Moriah Macrae M. Bass na Glascock County, Georgia na ime obodo Mitchell .  Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ otu ọnwa mgbe ọ dị afọ isii, wee jiri oge ndụ ya niile dị ka onye ọrụ ugbo.  [1] Murray ike ike ịgụ ma ọ bụ dee na Bekee.  [2] Ọ fim onye agbata obi ya, Chloe Kitchens, na afọ iri abụọ ya.  Murray wuru ụlọ n'ime obodo Sandersville gbara agbata obi.  Ya na-eke ya nwe ụmụ iri na otu, ndị ọrụ n'ime ha nwụrụ n'ime ndụ Murray.  [1] Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri ise, mgbe ya hapụla ya.  E mgbanwe mgbanwe na ọrụ kwa izu na Mineral Springs Baptist Church, Murray biri na iche maka awụ iri achọpụta nke ndụ ya.  Ọnwụ ọnwụ 1988 maka ọrịa cancer prostate .

## Okpukpe na nka
Mgbe ọ dị afọ 70, Murray ịhụ ihe onye ọkọtọ ihe mere eme bụ William Arnett hụrụ "otu n'ime ọrụ 'arọ' kacha dị mma ama na nke a na- po anya ya na mpaghara ndịda" mgbe ya na-enye kewasịrị.  .  [1] Mgbe afọ iri nke ibi ndụ ya, Murray chụpụrụ úkwù ya, ma manye ya ịla ezumike nká n'afọ wee iche echiche dị adị.  Ihe mbụ o kere bụ ikpo ihe ndị a na-akpachi anya, okwute, na ihe mkpofu ndị ọzọ e debere n'usoro n'ogige ya iji chụpụ ihe ndị Murray na-akpa na ọ na-adaba n'ụdị nile nke ndụ.  Ọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè ụgbọ ala, igwe onyonyo, na ihe ndị ọzọ na-ama nke ọ ga-etinyezi n'iche ya na mbọ ọzọ iji ihe eji na ichebe ụlọ ya.  Omenala nke iji ihe ọkpụkpụ na ihe ọkpụkpụ ụkwụ mma mma, nke a na-eme dị ka "yard show," bụ ihe a na-emekarị n'etiti ndị na-eme ihe n'Africa, na-eji site na ndị na-eme mgbanwe United States.  Ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe si n'ebe ugwu Georgia, dị ka Eldren M. Bailey, Dilmus Hall, Ralph Griffin, na Howard Finster niile kere ama ama yard ngosi. 

Na 1978, Murray, nna mgbe ọ na-agba mmiri poteto ya bụ nke igodo ya ihe osise na dị ike ama n'ime afọ iri ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya.  N'ịhụ ugo ka ọ na-esi n'anwụ na-agbada, Murray ndụ na e nyere ya ikike ikike, nke ga-abụ mkpali maka ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe.Mgbe m malitere, ekpere m ekpere ma kpee ekpere. Jehova we si n'anyanwu zite ọhù. Ihe niile m na-ahụ si na anyanwụ. O gosiri m akara na oge ọ na-agwa m. O chighariri nyem ajuju ka m juo ya ka m'si ya ka ihum nne. Ọ kpọtara ya n'ihu mụ na ụmụnne abụọ ... Lee, Mụọ ga-eso Mụọ kwurịta okwu. Ma mgbe m hapụrụ ebe ahụ [ụlọ ọgwụ], ugo gafere anya m—Ugo Ime Mmụọ. Ugo nwere ike ịhụ anya karịa nnụnụ ọ bụla dị n'ụwa, ya mere m nwere ike ịhụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-apụghị ịhụ. Mgbe m na-ahụ n'etiti ebe a na anyanwụ bụ na a twinkle. Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ ka m malitere ide akwụkwọ ozi ndị a. Edemede dị iche iche na-anọchi anya asụsụ na ndị mmadụ dị iche iche. Ọ bụ asụsụ nke mmụọ nsọ, nke sitere na Chineke” Na-agụghị akwụkwọ, Murray akwụkwọ ụdị ya nke yiri ihe a na- ikike ikike, nke ọ pịa "edemede ike," nke o dere na mgbalị ya na ike ya.  [1] Ihe odide Murray nyere ya ike ọkụ na a ga-eji ya mee ihe maka nchekwa na nchekwa nke onwe ya na ndị ọzọ.  Dị ka usoro nke ahụ, Murray debere karama nke ihe ọ hụrụ "mmiri dị nssọ" na akara dị n'ụdị ihe ndina ya, bụ nke ọ na-ebuli elu na mbara igwe mgbe ọ ALA o kpere ekpere.  Murray nwe na ọ bụrụ na onye obi dị ọcha agụ “ihe odide” ya mgbe ọ na-ele anya na karama mmiri dị nsso, onye ahụ ga-agụ ozi sitere na Chineke.  N'ime afọ ole na ole nke ikpeazụ ndụ ya, ka aha ya dị ka onye omimi na-eto eto, Murray ga-anabata ndị ọbịa na ihe ọrụ bụ ndị na-ede ka ha akwụkwọ nke mmiri nsasị.  [2] Mgbe Murray na-ede ozi ndị a dị nsasị, ọ na-mee karama mmiri dị nsacha jide otu aka ma jiri aka nke ọzọ na-ede ihe, na-eme ka aka ya dị nro dị ka o kwere mee, na  -ekwekwa ka nszọ na-eduzi ya.  Edekọrọ usoro nke ide ihe na-ama aka n'akwụkwọ nke Judith McWillie nke Mahadum Georgia duziri ma ili na njedebe nke ndụ ya.  [3] Ọ bụ ebe na ndị ọzọ na- ndị na-ese miri emi dere na asemic script, dị ka Joe Light's pseudo-Arabic na James Hampton's Phoenician-dị ka script, Murray bụ naanị omenkà mara na-agụ na- ike ya.  odide saịtị na mmiri 

Ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara edewo dị iche iche ime ihe na-enye nke n'Ebe Ọdịda mmalite Africa na omume ụmụ nke ụmụ Africa America nke ndị ohu na ndị na-eme ihe United States.  [1] [2] nkeji Murray dị iche na ọrụ ọhụhụ ndị ọzọ n'ihi na o nweghị ihe ọmụmụ ndị, ma dabere n'ụzọ bụ isi na edemede dị nsasị.  Ya mere, n'agbanyeghị ihe Murray na Baptist, ndị ọkà-akpawo omume Murray na omenala Afro-Islamic .  Omenala Islam na mmalite na ugwu Africa na ike ide ihe, ikiri na Koran na akwụkwọ Nsọ ndị ọzọ dị ka ike nke Allah nyere mmadụ ma nwee ike bụrụ ụdị ike.  [3] [4] A na-eji nkowa na ikechitere akwụkwọ Nsọ dị nsụhọ agwọ ndị na-eme ya n'ime ike na n'anụ ahụ.  Ọzọkwa, ụfọdụ ndị isi ihe omimi nke Afro-Islam na-agbari okwu ederede nke ederede dị nsso ma ọ bụ aha Allah n'ime mmiri wee wụsa akwụkwọ n'ime obere vial, nke onye na-eme ya na-ibu ma ọ bụ  na-eyi na ụkwụ n'olu ha.  [5] N'ụzọ nke ya, na- Messi ịgbazinye otuto maka myirịta ahụ, Murray omume Islam ndị a mgbe o dere "edemede ikike" mmetụta ya wee ha site na obere iko mmirika ya maka ndị egwu egwu. 

Murray atụkwasịghị ndị na-ekweghị na Chineke obi; n’uche ya, ọtụtụ mmadụ esiwo n’ụzọ nke Onye-nwe pụọ ma ya mere ha nwere ike imerụ ahụ. O kwenyekwara na ndị mmụọ ọjọọ na-ebibi ihe jujuo ụwa, ya mere ọtụtụ ihe osise o kere bụ ihe nchebe. Ihe osise ya na ihe ndị e sere ese rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ọta iji gbanahụ ike ndị dị otú ahụ na-emerụ ahụ. Ụlọ ya aghọbeghị ebe ndị nchịkọta ma ọ bụ ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na-ese ihe, dị ka ụlọ ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe. Otú ọ dị, ka aha ya na-aga n'ihu, obere ìgwè ndị na-azụ ahịa onwe ha malitere ịgbanwe ihe osise ya emechara maka ihe ọhụrụ ma na-akụda ya ka ọ ghara iso ndị nchịkọta ndị ọzọ nwere mmasị na-akpakọrịta. A maghị ego ole a kwụrụ Murray maka ọrụ ya, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị.  Na njedebe nke ọrụ ya, ọ rụpụtara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 2,000 eserese. 

Ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nkà Mary Padgelek, onye dere akwụkwọ gbasara ndụ na ọrụ Murray,   edewokwa egwu banyere ya: *Onye ọhụụ*, nke e gosipụtara na Hudson Mainstage Theatre na 2014.  

### Mkpughepụ
Mmadụ abụọ nyere aka gbasaa ụdị ngwa Murray na mkpughe nye ndị na-ekiri ya. Otu bụ onye dibia bekee ya, Dr. William Rawlings, onye dibia bekee na Sandersville. Onye nke ọzọ bụ Andy Nasisse, bụ́ prọfesọ nkà na Mahadum Georgia. Murray na Dr. William Rawlings zutere n'ihi nyocha a na-eme mgbe niile maka obere ọrịa. Murray kwenyere na Rawlings nyere ihe karịrị naanị ọgwụgwọ anụ ahụ, ya mere ọ na-agakarị ụlọ ọrụ Rawlings maka ndụmọdụ uche na nke mmụọ. Tinyere nleta ndị a, Murray ga-ezigara Rawlings narị narị eserese na edemede mmụọ, bụ onye malitere inye Murray ihe nka dị elu. Murray gara site na eserese ihe eji arụ ụlọ a tụfuru atụfu na agba ụlọ a zụtara n'ụlọ ahịa dị mma dị na mpaghara wee were eserese tempura, akara akara, agba mmiri, osisi agba mmanụ, wdg. 

Onye na-akwado Murray nwere ike ịbụ Krista Lamar, nyere Dr. Rawlings.  Ọṣọra ihe ndị Rawlings ga-enye Murray na egwuregwu mpi Murray nye Andy Nasisse, onye prọfesọ nkà na Mahadum Georgia.  Saịtị dị na Nasisse, ibebata Murray na Phyllis Kind of the Phyllis Kind Gallery na New York.  o kwenyecharachite anya Murray na gallery ya, ọrụ ya bịara mara ụwa niile ma ihe ya gburugburu ụwa. 

Ozugbo a pịa na ọ na-arịa ọrịa prostate n'etiti afọ ndị 1980, ọ pụtara ọrụ nke ọma, na-adị ya ka oge na-agwụ ya.  [1] Nke a na nwa nke Murray na ndị mụrụ na ụlọ ọgwụ, dịka ya siri dị, ọrụ ọrụ ya n'ime anọ ruo ise gara aga nke ndụ ya.  Ọrụ ya lekwasịrị anya ụzọ na agha na eji n'aka nke ndu nke Murray chere na ọ na-akpali akpali n'ime ya.  [2] N'ihi nke a, ụdị ya nke nwerabu akara ngosi, nke a na-ekewaghị ekewa ime ka ọ pụta ìhè na-abụ ngwaọrụ n'okirikiri.  [3] Ọ nwụrụ na Ọgwụ Ọgwụ Ncheta dị na Washington County, GA na 18 September 1988

### Isiokwu na ihe
Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Murray nwere agba bụ naanị agba, ọcha na ojii maka ọtụtụ ọrụ ya. Agba nke ọ bụla nwere ihe ọ pụtara. Uhie na-anọchi anya mmekpa ahụ ma ọ bụ ihe ọjọọ, acha anụnụ anụnụ na-anọchi anya "ezigbo" na ike dị mma, na odo na ọla edo na-egosi ọnụnọ ma ọ bụ ike dị nsọ dị ka Chineke n'onwe ya ma ọ bụ anyanwụ. A na-agbakwụnyekarị ọcha n'etiti agba ndị a iji gosi ịdị ọcha ime mmụọ, a na-etinyekarịkwa oji na-egosi ọnwụ ma ọ bụ ndụ mgbe a nwụsịrị.  Murray na-eji agba na "edemede mmụọ" n'otu aka ahụ mepụta "ọrụ mmụọ," ihe ọ kpọrọ ihe osise ya, bụ nke gosipụtara agha dị n'etiti ezi na ihe ọjọọ nke Murray hụrụ na-apụta na ndụ kwa ụbọchị. "Ọrụ mmụọ nsọ" ya nwere ozi maka ndị ọbịa na ndị na-ekiri Murray naanị nwere ike ịkọwa. 

A na-ekewa agba ya na ihe ike oku ya n'ime kwụ lụ ma ọ bụ kwụ na oghere square ma ọ bụ anɔ.  Ọtụtụ ndị agụ ihe mere eme na-azụkwa ihe egwu dị egwu na ọrụ Murray.  [1] [2] Ihe ndị ọrụ ya na-esi na ndị mere ihe nkiri American Folk Art a ma ama n'ihi na ọ dị ọkụ ihe ma ọ bụ ọrịa nke ndụ.  Enweghị anụ kara ọ sọla, ihe odide ederede, njikwa ike ma ọ bụ ịhụ mba n'anya, ọ dịghị ihe doro anya nye onye na-ekiri ya. 

Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọrụ Murray niile ka arụchara n'akwụkwọ, ma ọ bụ akwa akwa, akwụkwọ nnata, akwụkwọ owuwu, ma ọ bụ bọọdụ mmado, na-eji pensụl, pensụl ndị nwere agba, ihe nrịbama mmetụta, na acrylic paint.

### Ihe ngosi na mkpokọta na-adịgide adịgide
E gosila ọrụ Murray na ihe ngosi ndị a:

* *Baking in the Sun: Visionary Images from the South*, 13 Jun.- 31 Jul 1987, University Art Museum, Lafayette, LA.
* *Outside the Mainstream; Folk Art in Our Time.* May–August 1988, High Museum of Art at Georgia Pacific Center, Atlanta, GA.
* *Afro-American Folk Artists.* 30 Jul.- 7 Aug. 1988, Berman Gallery, Atlanta, GA.
* *Gifted Visions:Black American Folk Art,* 1988, Atrium Gallery, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT.
* *American Resources: Selected Works of American American Artists.* 26 Aug- 24 Sep, 1989, Bernice Steinbaum Gallery, New York, NY.
* *Another Face of the Diamond: Pathways Through the Black Atlantic South.* 1989, New Visions Gallery, New York, NY.
* *Black History, Black Vision: The Visionary Image in Texas*. 27 Jan.- 19 Mar. 1989, Archer m. Huntington Gallery, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.
* *A Density of Passions*, Aug 1989, New Jersey State Museum, Trenton, NJ.
* *Gifted Visions: African American Folk Art.*  27 Jan- 24 Feb. 1990, University Art Gallery, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, MA.
* *J.B. Murry*, 15 Dec. 1990- 12 Jan, 1991, Phyllis Kind Gallery, New York.
* *Parallel Visions: Modern Artists and Outsider Art.* 18 Oct. 1992- 3 Jan. 1993, Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA), Los Angeles, CA.
* *Pictured in My Mind: Contemporary American Self-Taught Art from the collection of Dr. Kurt Gitter and Alice Rae Yelen.* 1995, Birmingham Museum of Art, Birmingham, AL.
* *Wrestling with History: A Celebration of African American Self-Tught Artists from the collection of Ronald and June Shelp,* 1996, Baruch College, CUNY, New York, NY.
* *Masterworks by Twentieth Century African-American Artists.* 17 Jan- 1 Mar, 1998, Springfield Museum of Art, Springfield, OH.
* *Southern Spirit: The Hill Collection.* 21 Feb - 31 Mar 2000, Museum of Art, Tallahassee, FL.
* *Testimony: Vernacular Art of the African American South: the Ronald and June Shelp Collection.* 2001, Kalamazoo Institute of Arts, Kalamazoo, MI.
* *Define Drawing: Work by Self-Taught Artists Past and Present.* 14 Jul- 15 Sep 2001, Barbara Archer Gallery, Atlanta, GA.
* *Stories of Community: Self-Taught Art from the Hill Collection*. 12 Aug- 30 Oct, 2004. Museum of Arts and Sciences, Macon, GA.
* *Coming Home: Self-Taught Artists, the Bible, and the American South.* 19 Jun - 13 Nov. 2004, Art Museum of the University of Memphis, Memphis, TN.
* *The Souls of Black Folk: Selections of African American Folk Art from the Museum's Permanent Collection*. 28 Nov. 2004- ongoing, Museum of African American Life and Culture, Dallas, TX.
* *Holy H2O: Fluid Universe.* 2 Oct. 2004- 4 Sep. 2005, American Visionary Art Museum, Baltimore, MD.
* *Visual Glossolalia*. 15 Jun - 15 Jul, 2005, Luise Ross Gallery, New York, NY.
* *Parallel Visions II*. 5 Apr.- 26 May 2006, Galerie St. Etienne, New York, NY.
* *Recent Acquisitions*. 6 Jun.- 8 Sep., 2006, Galerie St. Etienne, New York, NY.
* *Amazing Grace: Self-Taught Artists from the Mullis Collection,* 29, Sep. 2007- 6 Jan. 2008, Georgia Museum of Art, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.
* *Crossroads: Spirituality in American Folk Traditions.* 17 Nov, 2007- 24 Feb, 2008. Owensboro Museum of Fine Art, Owensboro, KY.
* *Approaching Abstraction.* 6 Oct, 2009- 6 Sep, 2010, Museum of American Folk Art, New York, NY.
* *All Folk,* 19 Aug.- 2 Oct. 2010, Barbara Archer Gallery, Atlanta, GA.
* *Naives, Seers, one Wolves, and World Savers XXIV,* 2 Apr. 2011, Dean Jensen Gallery, Milwaukee, WI.
* *Outsider Visions: Self-Taught Southern Artists of the Twentieth Century.* 21 Sep, 2011- 8 Jan, 2012, Boca Raton Museum of Art, Boca Raton, FL.
* *Pure Folk: Celebrating the Folk Art Society of America.* 14 Sep.- 10 Nov. 2012, Barbara Archer Gallery, Atlanta, GA.
* *Voodoo Child: J.B. Murray and Mary Smith.* 2013, abcd, le galerie, Paris, FR.
* *When the Stars Begin to Fall: Imagination in the American South.* 27 Mar- 29 Jun, 2014, Studio Museum in Harlem, New York, NY.

Ọrụ Murray dị na mkpokọta na-adịgide adịgide nke ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie ndị a:

* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Metropolitan 
* Ụlọ ọrụ nka nke Minneapolis  
* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Ackland 
* Smithsonian American Art Museum 
* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke ndị America 

## Ntụaka

## Akwụkwọ ndị dị mkpa

* Judith McWillie na Grey Gundaker. *Enweghị Oghere Ezochiri: Mmụọ nke African American Yardwork* (Knoxville: Mahadum Tennessee Press, 2005) pp.&nbsp;39, 40, 168–171.
* Clifton-James, Licia E. 2016. *Ime njikọ: JB Murray na scripts na ụdị nke Africa.* Mahadum Missouri-Kansas City: nzere doctoral.

## Njikọ mpụga

* http://www.folkartmuseum.org/?t=images&id=4381
* http://americanart.si.edu/collections/search/artwork/?id=86323
* http://www.cargofolkart.com/Artist%20Pages/J. B.%20Murry.htm
* https://web.archive.org/web/20170907113350/http://www.folkstreams.net/film,219
* http://galleristny.com/2014/03/terms-of-art-looking-at-the-american-south-studio-museum-considers-the-insider-outsider-divide/
* https://issuu.com/cavinmorris/docs/two_transcend-jbm_catalog_safarova_