General Union of Palestinian Women

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**General Union of Palestinian Women** (**GUPW** ma ọ bụ **GUPWom**) bụ onye nnọchi anya ụmụ nwanyị Palestine n'ime Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). Kọmitii ndị isi nke GUPW nwere ọtụtụ ndị otu gụnyere onye isi ala, onye nchoputa Intissar al-Wazir.  E guzobere GUPW na 1965 dị ka otu na PLO na ebumnuche nke ịmepụta ọrụ na-arụsi ọrụ ike maka ụmụ nwanyị na mpaghara mmekọrịta ọha na eze, akụ na ụba na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke mpaghara Palestine.  GUPW na-akwado ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na obodo Palestine nwere onwe ya dị ka ihe mmalite iji nweta ikike ụmụ nwanyị na-elekọta mmadụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.  GUPW ehiwela alaka n'ọtụtụ mba na Middle East na Europe iji kwado mmegharị ụmụ nwanyị site na ohere agụmakwụkwọ, enyemaka ego na ndị ọzọ.

## Mmalite ya
Ntinye aka ụmụ nwanyị Palestine na mmegharị na omume ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị sitere na ọnụnọ ndị Britain na Palestine malite na 1917 na mwepụ nke ndị agha Zionist na ndị agha Israel n'oge Nakba nke 1948. Tupu e guzobe Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) na 1964 na tupu ịrị elu nke ndị Palestine na-ahụ maka mba n'anya n'etiti afọ ndị 1960, e nwere ọdịnala ogologo oge nke ụmụ nwanyị Palestine, n'ozuzu ha sitere na ndị nọ n'etiti obodo ndị buru ibu, na-etinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ọrụ ebere iji nyere ndị Palestine na'enweghị ikike.

Òtù ndị na-esote GUPW gụnyere Arab Women's Union (AWU), nke e guzobere na 1929 na Jerusalem. AWU ghọtara mkpa ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ dị maka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ụmụ nwanyị ma hazie ụmụ akwụkwọ nwanyị si Nablus na Jerusalem n'ihi na ụmụ akwụkwọ nọ n'etiti nwere ihe onwunwe iji hazie ma sonye na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ọrụ ebere na AWU. Mmekọrịta AWU gụnyere mgbasa ozi agụmakwụkwọ na enyemaka maka ime obodo, ndị ogbenye, ndị nwere nkwarụ, na ndị a tụrụ mkpọrọ na Palestine. Ụmụ nwanyị Palestine nọ na AWU guzobere ụlọ ọgwụ, ebe ụmụaka, ebe agụmakwụkwọ, na ogige egwuregwu maka ụmụaka. Ụmụ nwanyị nọ na AWU kpọrọ oku ka a mee ngagharị iwe n'ozuzu ha ma sonye na ngagharị iwe megide ndị uwe ojii iji mee ngagharịiwe megide ọchịchị ndị Britain na ndị Zionist.

Ka a nọgidere na-akọwapụta njirimara ndị Palestine site na ọnọdụ dị egwu nke steeti Palestine, Arab Women's Union gbanwere aha ya ka ọ bụrụ Palestine Arab Women'n's Union na 1944.Mgbanwe aha a na-anọchi anya mmepụta nke njirimara Arab nke Palestine n'ime ịrị elu nke nsụhọ pan-Arab nke 1940s.[1]  N'ikpeazụ, a nakweere okwu ahụ bụ "izugbe" n'aha nzukọ ahụ, ọ ghọkwara General Union of Palestine Women tupu e guzobe ya na 1965.[1]  Nhazi nke GUPW bụ ndị otu ndị ọzọ izugbe haziri n'okpuru nche anwụ PLO nyere aka.  General Union of Palestine Students (GUPS) nyere ụmụ nwanyị Palestine ohere ịnweta akụrụngwa nzukọ ha na ohere ọfịs na-eduga na nguzobe nke GUPW.

E guzobere GUPW n'ụzọ iwu mgbe onye ndú AWU Zulaykha al-Shihabi kpọrọ nzukọ na Febụwarị 1965 iji dozie ịdị n'otu nke netwọkụ ndị inyom Palestine. Otu n'ime ìgwè ndị nyere aka guzobe GUPW bụ ndị nnọchi anya ụmụ nwanyị Gaza nke Yusra Al Barbari duziri. E hiwere kọmitii na ndị nnọchi anya GUPW dị ka naanị nzukọ gọọmentị maka ụmụ nwanyị n'okpuru PLO na June 1965.[1]  Ụmụ nwanyị Palestine nwere mmetụta nke esemokwu nke nkewa nke netwọk nhazi ha ka Nakba na 1948 gasịrị wee chọọ ịmepụta njikọ nke gosipụtara njirimara nwanyị Palestine dị iche iche nke ndị ọchịchị na-achị na nchụpụ mmadụ.  A na-ekwusi ike dị ukwuu n'igosi ịdị n'otu n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị Palestine n'etiti ahịrị klaasị na ịchịkọta nkà ụmụ nwanyị iji jeere ndị Palestine ozi maka ntọhapụ, na-ejikọ nke ọma na ịchụso steeti Palestine n'ihe kpatara ụmụ nwanyị Palestine.

## Ihe mgbaru ọsọ na ọrụ
E guzobere General Union of Palestinian Women (GUPW) dị ka otu PLO na 1965 na ebumnuche bụ isi nke ịnọchite anya ụmụ nwanyị Palestine n'ime PLO. Kemgbe e guzobere ya, GUPW emesiwo ike itinye aka nke ụmụ nwanyị Palestine na ọzụzụ ngwá agha na agha ndị agha dị ka ụzọ isi kwalite ihe kpatara nnwere onwe nke Palestine.Nkwado GUPW gbakwasara na ọrụ ebere, nke mere ka GUPW mepee ma rụọ ọrụ karịa ụlọ ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị 90 n'ogige ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ, bụ ebe ha guzobere mmemme ịgụ akwụkwọ.[1][2]  Na mbido 1990s, GUPW tụgharịrị gaa n'ilekwasị anya na nkwado iwu maka ụmụ nwanyị Palestine ka nguzobe nke steeti Palestine gọọmentị yiri ka ọ dị nso ịghọ ezigbo ohere.  Nkwado a weere n'ụdị gụnyere njedebe omebe iwu na ịkpa oke nwoke na nwanyị n'akwụkwọ iwu nke na-ekwubughị nchegbu ụmụ nwanyị Palestine gbasara ahaghị oke nwoke na nwanyị. 

N'afọ 1990, odeakwụkwọ Union na Tunis natara ozi site n'aka ọtụtụ ndị otu diasporic banyere enweghị nkwenye maka ire ahịa PLO nke kaadị njirimara ezinụlọ Palestine. Kaadị ahụ kọwapụtara ozi gbasara afọ mmadụ, mmekọahụ, ọrụ ya, ọnọdụ alụmdi na nwunye, na okpukperechi.  N'okpuru Iwu Ezinụlọ islam, ngalaba ọnọdụ alụmdi na nwunye kwere ka mmadụ depụta ihe ruru nwunye anọ.  Ndị odeakwụkwọ na ndị otu Union kwenyere na nkesa nke kaadị ahụ kagburu nha anya na ọtụtụ mmadụ nke nkwupụta nnwere onwe nke Palestine nyere.  N'ịgbaso nkwupụta nke enweghị nkwado, nkesa kaadị njirimara Palestine kwụsịrị n'ihi na ekpughere ya na ọ dịghị mgbe akwadoro ikesa kaadị ahụ.

N'afọ 1994, Kọmitii Nkà na ụzụ nke Women's Affairs (WATC) nọ na mkparịta ụka na GUPW banyere idepụta Charter nke Palestine, nke e mesịrị nabata na Febụwarị 8 nke afọ ahụ. Charter nke Nnwere Onwe nke Palestine na Charter nke United Nations nwere mmetụta na Charter Feminist. Na Charter Feminist, GUPW na WATC na-akwado ọha mmadụ na-akwado ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya nke e wuru na ndabere nke nha nhata nwoke na nwanyị na ohere, yana iwepụ ịkpa ókè nwoke na nwanyị.

N'ịgba mbọ ịgba ụmụ nwanyị ume ka ha sonye na ntuli aka ime obodo nke e mere na 2016, GUPW na-agbasa mmemme telivishọn, tinye ọkọlọtọ na bọọdụ mgbasa ozi, ma nyefee broshuọ na ebumnuche nke ịkpali ụmụ nwanyị ịtụ vootu na ịzọ ọkwa na ntuli aka ime obodo ndị a.

N'October 10, 2020, GUPW, tinyere ndị ọzọ na-eme ngagharị iwe, guzobere ọrụ "My Constitution Includes Me". Ebumnuche nke ọrụ a bụ ime mgbanwe na iwu Palestine nke ga-eme ka ịha nhata n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị. Otu n'ime mgbanwe ndị a gụnyere iwu nke na-enye ụmụ nwanyị Palestine ohere ịnọgide na-abụ ụmụ amaala ha mgbe ha lụrụ onye na-abụghị onye Palestine ma na-enye ohere inye ụmụ ha ụmụ amaala Palestine n'agbanyeghị ebe a mụrụ ha.

Na Nọvemba 2022, GUPW jikọrọ aka na UN Women Palestine na ụbọchị mmeghe ha kwa afọ na Women, Peace, na Security (WPS).  Isiokwu maka ụbọchị mmeghe nke 2022 bụ "Ihe Womenmụ nwanyị Palestine chọrọ: Ọhụụ nke ụmụ nwanyị gbadoro anya maka steeti nweere onwe ya nwere ike."  Ndị otu òtù feminist na West Bank na ndị na-asụ Palestine sitere na obodo ndị si mba ọzọ haziri n'akụkụ ndị nnọchiteanya UN na ụlọ ọrụ mba ụwa iji kwurịta mmetụta nke ọrụ Palestine na ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ nọ na mpaghara ahụ.

Taa, GUPW na-aga n'ihu na-akwado echiche ahụ na ikike mmekọrịta na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ụmụ nwanyị Palestine nwere ike inweta naanị site na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya. N'ihi ya, otu n'ime ebumnuche ndị isi nke GUPW bụ steeti Palestine na-achị onwe ya ebe ndị Palestine nwere ikike nnwere onwe na obodo Jerusalem ka a na-amata dị ka isi obodo steeti ahụ.

## Ndị ama ama

* Issam Abdulhadi — former president (1960s)
* Zulaykha al-Shihabi — co-founder, 1965
* Intisar al-Wazir (Um Jihad) — co-founder, president
* Samira Abu Ghazaleh — former head of the GUPW branch in Egypt
* Salwa Abu Khadra — former secretary general
* Shadia Helou — former member of the GUPW branch in Lebanon
* Rima Nazzal — member of the Union Secretariat
* May Sayegh — former secretary general (1975-1985)
* Hana Siyam — former member of the GUPW Administrative Council for Fateh
* Manhal Um — former Member of the GUPW Administrative Council

### Intissar al-Wazir (Onye Jihad)
Intissar al-Wazir bụ onye guzobere na onye isi oche nke General Union of Palestinian Women . A na-akpọkarị ya "nne nke ọgụ" n'ihi onyinye ya nye nzukọ ahụ na ihe kpatara ya, nke ejikọtara ya na ọnụ ọgụgụ na-arịwanye elu nke ndị otu n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị Palestine na ndị na-abụghị ndị Palestine. Na nzaghachi maka ime ihe ike n'ụlọ na mkpa akụ na ụba na-arịwanye elu n'ihi ọrịa COVID-19, al-Wazir kpọrọ Prime Minister ka o wepụta iwu iji luso okwu ndị a ọgụ.[18]  N'ihi ntinye aka ya n'ihe gbasara Palestine, ụfọdụ na-ewere al-Wazir dị ka nwanyị a kacha mara amara na nke a na-akwanyere ùgwù n'etiti obodo Palestine.

### Zulaykha al-Shihabi
Zulaykha al-Shihabi bụ onye nchoputa nke General Union of Palestine Women.  A nabatara ya maka ịkpọ nzukọ ahụ na February 1965 nke mere ka e guzobe GUPW.[1]  Ọ bụ onye ama ama na mmegharị ụmụ nwanyị Palestine n'oge ndụ ya niile wee jee ozi dị ka onye isi otu Arab Women's Union ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1992.

## Ihe ndị ọ rụzuru na ihe nketa

### Ntọala nke alaka diasporic
Malite n'afọ ndị 1970, GUPW guzobere alaka diasporic iji gbasaa nkwado maka òtù ụmụ nwanyị n'ụwa niile. Alaka ndị a ma ama gụnyere Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, na Sweden. 

#### Alaka Ijipt
Tupu e guzobe na mgbasa nke Palestine Liberation Organisation na 1964, ọtụtụ òtù Palestine dị n'Ijipt dị.  Na 1962, e guzobere Njikọ nke Womenmụ nwanyị Palestine na Egypt.  A gbanwere Njikọ nke Womenmụ nwanyị Palestine na Egypt ka ọ bụrụ ngalaba Egypt nke GUPW, nke ga-abụ ntọala maka mgbasawanye nke Union na mba Arab.

#### Alaka Kuwait
Alaka GUPW Kuwait na-achọ idebe ihe nketa ọdịbendị Palestine site na ọrụ ọdịbendị na ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Njikọ ahụ na-akwado usoro klas, nke ụmụ nwanyị nwere, dị ka ụzọ isi mụbaa ohere ha nwere ọrụ. Ihe ndị a na-enye bụ ịkwa akwa na ịpị mkpụrụ akwụkwọ, Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na egosipụta mmasị, a pụkwara inye ịgụ na ide, ịkpa akwa, na klas Bekee.

#### Alaka Jọdan
E hiwere alaka GUPW Jordan n'ihi iwu GUPW, nke kwuru na ekwesịrị ka e hiwe isi ụlọ ọrụ Union n'otu obodo ahụ na-elekọta ụlọ ọrụ PLO isi.  Ọnụnọ nke isi ụlọ ọrụ GUPW bụ ndị gọọmentị Jordan ghọtara, n'agbanyeghị na ha anabataghị alaka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, n'ihi enweghị ikike ha.  N'afọ 1966, ndị ọchịchị Jordan mechiri ụlọ ọrụ PLO, nke mechara mee ka ụlọ ọrụ Union mechie.  Mmechi a mere ka ndị otu ahụ kwaga ọrụ ya n'okpuru ala.

#### Alaka Lebanọn
Beirut, Lebanon jere ozi dị ka isi ụlọ ọrụ GUPW na 1973.  Alaka GUPW Lebanon akwadowo ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ, bi n'ogige Burj al-Barajneh, site na onyinye ego nke ndị obodo Palestine Germany nwetara. Onyinye ahụ nyeere ezinụlọ 100 aka na-eche ọnọdụ akụ na ụba na ndụ siri ike ihu n'ihi mmetụta nke nnọchibido na mmetụta nke ọrịa COVID-19. Enyemaka ego maka ezinụlọ ahụ dabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ ezinụlọ ha ma nwee ike ịdị site na 50,000-100,000 Lebanese pound.

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* General Union of Palestinian Women
* Nchịkọta nke ihe ngosi GUPW
* Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie nke Palestine
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations