Asụsụ Sakao

**Sakao** (nakwa **Nkep** ma ọ bụ **Nekep** ) bụ asụsụ Oceanic a na-asụ na mpi ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu .

## Aha
Sakao bụ aha asụsụ ndị mba ọzọ na ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ na-eji. Aha ya bụ Sakao Island, agwaetiti dị n'akụkụ ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Espiritu Santo, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ Port-Olry. (Na mberede, nke a abụghị aha obodo nke agwaetiti ahụ, nke ndị na-asụ Sakao na-akpọ *Laðhi* . Aha *sakau* < Proto-Oceanic **sakaRu* pụtara 'coral reef' n'asụsụ dị iche iche nke Vanuatu, ma a maghị kpọmkwem onye nyere aha ya n'àgwàetiti ahụ.)

## Olumba
Sakao enweela mgbanwe ụda olu na ihe ọhụrụ, nke mere ka ndị agbata obi Espiritu Santo nwere njikọ chiri anya ghọta ya. Otú ọ dị, ihe àmà sitere na olumba abụọ ahụ na-egosi na ihe ọhụrụ ahụ mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ikekwe n'ime narị afọ gara aga. Ya mere dịka ọmụmaatụ, iji okwu ndị a na-atụnyere cognates ha na onye ikwu ya Tolomako :

Isi olumba Sakao bụ Northern, ma ọ bụ Port-Olry olumba, na Southern, ma ọ bụ Hog-Harbour. Olumba ndịda bụ nke na-echekwa nchekwube. Ihe e ji mara ya bụ mfu nke ọtụtụ ụdaume pretonic na posttonic, na-ebute ụyọkọ consonant pụrụ iche maka asụsụ Oceanic. A na-eji olumba ugwu jiri ọtụtụ ụdaume epenthetic eme ihe, bụ ndị nwetagoro ọkwa ụda olu, na-ebute ihe dị ka nkwekọrita ụdaume n'elu; mfu nke mbụ **n-* nke aha, ma e wezụga na monosyllabic nouns (nke a **n-* abụ a reflex nke nkịtị Austronesian isiokwu ** na*, fused na nouns na Sakao); na ntughari nke ụfọdụ mkpụrụokwu-ụdaume ikpeazụ.

Dịka ọmụmaatụ Port-Olry nwere  "fog, alụlụ" ebe Hog-Harbour nwere  .

Ọ gwụla ma egosiputara n'ụzọ ọzọ, ọmụmaatụ ndị e nyere ebe a dị na Northern, Port-Olry, olumba.

## fonology

Na mgbakwunye, Sakao nwere ụdaume nso  nke a na-akọwapụtaghị maka ịgbachitere ma ọ bụ agbachighị ya, n'ihu ma ọ bụ azụ, ma na-enweghi nrụgide mgbe niile. O nwekwara diphthong abụọ , ebe Tolomako enweghị nke ọ bụla.

Na mgbakwunye, consonants Sakao nwere ike ịdị ogologo ma ọ bụ mkpụmkpụ:  "ịgba",  "akwa"

O doghị anya ma Sakao nwere ọbụna mkpụrụ edemede; ya bụ, ma ịgbalị ikewa okwu Sakao ka ọ bụrụ nkeji okwu bara uru ọ ga-ekwe omume. Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ, syllable Sakao ga-adị ka V (ụdaume ma ọ bụ diphthong) nke ọnụ ọgụgụ consonants ọ bụla gbara ya gburugburu: V  "Ị", CCVCCCC (?)  "Ị bụrụ abụ, kwụsịkwa ịbụ abụ, ị gbachiri nkịtị" [  2nd pers.,  "ịbụ",  zuru oke,  na-aga n'ihu].

## Ụtọ asụsụ

### Nọmba
Dị ka Tolomako, Sakao na-amata ọnụọgụ anọ maka nnọchiaha onwe ya. Agbanyeghị, ha abụghị otu, abụọ, nnwale, ọtụtụ, mana otu, dual, paucal, plural. Sakao paucal na-enweta site na ikpe Tolomako, yabụ Tolomako  "ha atọ", Sakao  "ha, site na atọ ruo iri" (  na  bụ mgbe nile derivable si  <  na  ). Otu kwuru na Sakao  <  "Ise n'ime ha" nke bụ, etymologically, "ha atọ, ise."

A naghị atụgharị ihe nrịbama maka ọnụọgụgụ, ma e wezụga okwu ikwu nke na-amata otu na ọtụtụ:  "nne m/nwanne m,"  "nne nne m;"  "Nwa m,"  "ụmụ m." N'otu aka ahụ niile ngosi (nkpọaha, adjectives, even locatives):  "Nke a,"  "Ndị a;"  "onye a,"  "Ndị a;"  "ebe a,"  "n'ọtụtụ ebe gburugburu ebe a."

### Deixis
Sakao nwere ogo asaa nke deixis .

### Aha aha
Sakao nwere aha na-enweghị atụ, ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-emegharị oge niile:

N'ebe a "ọnụ" dị iche iche **' na "ntutu" variably '' .''

=== Syntax ===
Sakao nwere suffix **' nke na-abawanye valence nke ngwaa (dakọtara na suffixes applicative n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ): ọ na-eme ka ngwaa na-agbanwe agbanwe na-agbanwe agbanwe, na ngwaa transitive ditransitive. Ya ikpe ikpeazụ, otu arụmụka nwere ike ịbụ ihe kpọmkwem na nke ọzọ bụ ngwá ọrụ; usoro okwu nke arụmụka ahụ bụ n'efu, na-ahapụ ọnọdụ iji mebie nke bụ:

Usoro Sakao gụnyere syntax polysynthetic, n'adịghị ka nkewapụ syntax nke onye agbata obi ya Tolomako . Dịka ọmụmaatụ, enwere ike itinye okwu 'ezi' n'elu n'ime ngwaa ahụ, na-ahapụ otu arụmụka mpụga:
 
**' "Ụta" bụ arụmụka ngwá ọrụ nke **' "ịgba", na **' "Oké osimiri" bụ ihe kpọmkwem nke **' "Iso", nke ebe ọ bụ na ejikọtara ha n'otu ngwaa, ejiri akara suffix **' akara dị ka ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe. ''.'' **' "ịgba" nwere ihe incorporated **' "azụ", nke mbụ consonant geminates maka **' ; * ,* ịbụ akụkụ nke otu okwu, wee belata na * .*

* Asụsụ Tolomako, maka myirịta na nke dị n'elu n'asụsụ nwere njikọ chiri anya mana n'ụzọ dị mfe ụtọ

## Ntụaka

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## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nchekwa ELAR nke olumba N'kep nke Sakao (north Vanuatu): Nhazi na mgbanwe
* Paradisec nwere nchịkọta abụọ nke Arthur Cappell ( AC1, AC2 ) nke gụnyere ihe asụsụ Sakao
Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations