Asụsụ Southern Qiang

**Southern Qiang** bụ asụsụ Sino-Tibet nke ngalaba Qiangic nke ihe ruru mmadụ 81,300 na-asụ n'akụkụ Minjiang ( Chinese ) osimiri dị na Sichuan Province, China .

Olumba ndịda Qiang na-echekwa mgbanwe aha aha mgbe ochie, ebe ha na-apụ n'anya na Northern Qiang.  N'adịghị ka ndị ikwu ya na Northern Qiang, Southern Qiang bụ asụsụ ụda olu .

## Olumba ndịda Qiang
A na-asụ Southern Qiang na mpaghara Li (na Taoping, wdg), Wenchuan County (na Longxi, Luobozhai, Miansi, wdg), na akụkụ nke Mao County . Ọ nwere olumba asaa: Dajishan, Taoping, Longxi, Mianchi, Heihu, Sanlong, na Jiaochang, ndị dị nnọọ iche na enweghị nghọta.

Aha ndị a hụrụ n'akwụkwọ ochie maka asụsụ ndịda Qiang gụnyere *Lofuchai* ( *Lophuchai*, *Lopu Chai* ) maka Luobozhai ( ); *Wagsod* ( *Wa-gsod*, *Waszu* ) maka Wasi () na Heping nke oge a ();  na *Outside/Out Mantse* ( *Man-tzŭ* ), nwere ike sitere na okwu maka "ndị na-eme ihe ike", sitere na Chinese    ma  bụ sitere na Tibet ( Wylie : *sman tse* ).  

Asụsụ ndịda Qiang nke obodo Puxi ka edepụtala nke ọma site na Huang (2007).  Liu (1998) gbakwụnye Sānlóng ( Chinese ) na Jiàocháng (較場) dị ka obere olumba ndịda. 

Sims (2016) na-akọwa Southern Qiang dị ka otu ndị mepụtara iji suffixes nkwekọrịta n'akụkụ zuru oke, ebe Northern Qiang na-ejigide prefixes nghazi dị ka akara.  Mgbakwunye ndị a nyekwara ntọala maka ịkewa olumba onye ọ bụla, dị ka akọwara n'okpuru *n'akwụkwọ edemede* .

; Ndịda Qiang

* 'n'ime' *ji innovation subgroup
** North Wenchuan : *Longxi*龙溪乡
** South Wenchuan : *Miansi*绵虒镇
* 'ala' *ɚ obere otu ọhụrụ ọhụrụ
** Western Lixian : *Puxi*蒲溪乡, *Xuecheng*薛城镇, *Muka*木卡乡, *Jiuzi*九子村
** Eastern Lixian : *Taoping*桃坪乡, *Tonghua*通化乡

## fonology
E gosipụtara consonants nke Southern Qiang na tebụl n'okpuru: 

*  are heard as velar  before front vowels.
*  is also heard as a bilabial .

E gosipụtara ụdaume nke Southern Qiang na tebụl n'okpuru: 

* Udaume  nwekwara ike ịnụ ka  .

### Ụda
Olumba ndịda Qiang nwere ụda dịgasị iche iche. Ụda a na-abawanye ụba ma dị iche ka olumba si na mpaghara ugwu. Evans (2001) depụtara usoro ụda olu ndị a: 

#### Mkpebi Qiang
Olumba nke Taoping nwere ụda isii. Liu (1998) na-akọ ndị na-ekwu okwu 4,900. N'ime mkpụrụokwu 1,754 nyochachara, a na-ekesa ụda dị ka ndị a:

* (33/ etiti): 43.6%
* (55/Elu): 28.2%
* (31/Ọkara ọdịda): 19.2%
* (241 / Obere-ebili-ada): 5.4%; na-apụta naanị na mkpịrịsị ụda olu
* (13/Na-ebili elu): 2.5%; na-eme naanị na okwu mbinye Mandarin (site na ụda nke anọ, ghọtara dị ka 25 na mpaghara) yana na nkwekọrịta.
* (51/Elu-ada): 1.2%; na-eme naanị na okwu mbinye Mandarin (site na ụda nke atọ, ghọtara dị ka 53 na mpaghara)

#### Longxi Qiang
Olumba nke Longxi nwere ụda ise, nke ụda abụọ "isi" mejupụtara 98.9% nke syllable 6,150 nyochara. Liu (1998) na-akọ ndị na-ekwu okwu 3,300. A na-ekesa ụda ndị a dị ka ndị a na nkeji okwu nyochara:

* (33 ~ 31 / etiti ~ etiti ọdịda): 63.61%
* (55/Elu): 35.33%
* (13 ~ 213 / ala (-ada) na-ebili): 0.70%; na-apụta naanị na mkpịrịsị ụda olu
* (35 / etiti-ebili): 0.31%; na-apụta naanị na mkpụrụokwu mbinye ego yana n'ime mkpụrụokwu ekpokọtara ọnụ
* (51/ Elu-ada): 0.05%; na-apụta naanị n'ime mkpụrụokwu ekpokọtara ọnụ, mkpụrụ okwu mbinye ego, yana n'usoro mmalite mmalite.

#### Mianchi Qiang
Olumba nke Mianchi nwere ndị na-ekwu okwu 15,700 dịka Liu (1998) siri kwuo. A na-agbakwunye ụda olu ya na usoro ụda olu dị elu na nke dị ala (-ọdịda), ebe okwu obodo nwere ike ịnwe naanị otu mkpọmkpọ okwu. Okwu ụda olu nwere ike ịpụta ụda olu ma ọ bụ enweghị ụda olu, ma ụda olu nwere ike na-apụtakarị n'asụsụ ọ bụla. N'ime syllable 6,369 tụlere, ihe karịrị 95% na-agbaso usoro a; ole na ole fọdụrụ nwere otu n'ime ụda contour atọ:

* (31/Enwechaghị): 67.3%
* (55/Agbanye): 27.9%
* (13 ~ 213/ Ala (-ada) na-ebili): 3.5%
* (51/Ọrịa dị elu): 1.2%
* (35 / etiti-ebili): 0.01%; na-apụta naanị na mkpụrụokwu mbinye ego na nkeji okwu ekpokọtara ọnụ

#### Olumba ndị ọzọ
Olumba ndị dị n'ókè mpaghara Northern Qiang, dị ka nke Heihu, Mao County, na-eji ụda naanị iji mata ọdịiche nke okwu obodo na okwu mbinye ego.

Wen (1950) na-akọ na olumba Jiuziying na-eji usoro ụda ụda olu, na-ekwu na "naanị mgbe mkpụrụokwu abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa na-emekọrịta ihe bụ ụda olu a chọrọ n'ezie, karịsịa maka homophones ." N'okpuru bụ tebụl na-atụnyere ụfọdụ okwu nke olumba Jiuziying, Taoping, Longxi, na Mianchi.

## Ọnọdụ
Dị ka ọ dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ Qiangic, Southern Qiang na-adịwanye egwu. N'ihi na usoro agụmakwụkwọ na-ejikarị ọkọlọtọ Chinese eme ihe dị ka ntụziaka maka ndị Qiang, yana n'ihi ohere zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ịga akwụkwọ na telivishọn, ọtụtụ ụmụaka Qiang na-asụ asụsụ Chinese nke ọma ma ọ bụ ọbụna na-asụ otu asụsụ ebe pasent na-arịwanye elu enweghị ike ịsụ Qiang. 

## Hụkwa

* Ndị mmadụ Qiang
* Asụsụ Qiangic

## Ntụaka

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ

Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations