open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Obere òké

Obere òké, ma ọ bụ La Petite Souris, bụ asụsụ ifo na-ewu n'ọtụtụ mba ndị na-asụ French, na France, na Wallonia.  Akụkọ ifo nke Little Mouse na nke Tooth Fairy nwere njikọ, ihe dị iche bụ na n'okwu a, obere òké na-abanye na ihe mgbe, ahụ na-ehi Ụra, ma jiri ego mkpa anya ezé nwa furu efu nke e debere n'okpuru isi ha.

## Mmalite
Akụkọ ndị yiri ya dị na omenala Hispanic, dị ka Ratoncito Pérez, [1] yana ọtụtụ omenala South Asia site na India ruo Japan.  A na-ekwu na ndị mmadụ ifo, na ọ bụrụ na anụmanụ ihi nwa furu efu, ezé ndị toro eto ga-esochi ga-eyi ezé nke anụmanụ ahụ.  N'ihi ya, òké na- anụmanụ anụmanụ a na- ti, n'ihi na ezé ụmụ oke dị nkɔ, ma na-eto eto.

Mmalite televishọn nke ndị a, ma ọ na-achọ ala n'ihe gbasara ndị na-asụ French, ndị na-eso adọ nke iri na France, [1] na ndịozi nke Marie-Catherine Le Jumel de Barneville, baronne d'Aulnoy dere aha ya bụ The Little Good Mouse (ma ọ bụ 'La petite bonne souris').  Akụkọ ya kwuru otu fada nke amụ onwe ya ka ọ bụrụ òké iji nwee ike imeri eze .  ìhè ihe anya ezé aha n'ụtụ a bụ mgbe fada ahụ mere onwe ya ka a gara ịhụ ya anya ma si n'elu osisi pụ ajị eze ahụ, na-eme ka ọ gbajie ezé anọ..

## N'omenala a ma ama
Ọtụtụ nkọwa nke Little Mouse ma ọ bụ La Petite Souris apụtala na omenala a ma ama na France. A na-ejikarị òké eme ihe iji mee ka ụmụaka ghara ịtụ egwu, ọkachasị maka nchegbu ha nwere ike inwe banyere ịhapụ ezé nwa ha. Na mgbasa ozi asụsụ French, obere òké ahụ emeela ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nke ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ụmụaka, gụnyere:

* Petite Souris album nke Céline Lamour-Crochet (Onye edemede), François Martin (Ihe osise) 
* *Obere òké na ezé* nke Virginie Hanna (Onye edemede), Delphine Bodet (Ihe osise) 
* Usoro akwụkwọ 7 na La petite souris nke Francois-Xavier Poulain (Onye edemede), Olivier Bailly (Ihe osise) 
* Ihe nkiri DreamWorks Rise of the Guardians na-egosi otu ndị dị iche iche sitere na akụkọ ifo ụmụaka na-ewu ewu na United States, gụnyere Santa Claus, The Easter Bunny, Jack Frost, The Sandman na Tooth Fairy, onye a na-egosi dị ka nwanyị nwere nku na otu ndị fada dị obere nke yiri hummingbirds. Otú ọ dị, e nwere ebe otu n'ime ndị fada ndị dị obere na-achọpụta òké n'okpuru omimi nwatakịrị, na Tooth Fairy na-agwa ya na ọ bụ "otu n'ime anyị, akụkụ nke nkewa Europe", dị ka ihe doro anya na-ezo aka na The Little Mouse. A na-egosi òké ahụ dị ka onye na-eyi okpu na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na ábụ́bà na-acha odo odo, na belt ọla edo nke nwere mkpụrụ ego e kegidere na ya. A na-egosi ya ka ọ na-ekwurịta okwu site na mkpu, mana Tooth Fairy na-agwa ya okwu na French.
* Tales of the Tooth Fairies na-egosi njem nke Martin na Gisele, ụmụ oke abụọ na-agagharị n'ụwa na-enweta ezé n'aka ụmụaka furu ha ma jiri onyinye kwesịrị ekwesị dochie ha.

## Ihe odide
Reshumot (akwụkwọ akụkọ)

***Reshumot: Me'asef le-Divre Zikhronot, le-Etnografyah u-le-Foklor be Yisra'el***, nke a maara dị ka ***Reshumot***, bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ mmalite nke akụkọ ndị Juu, na akwụkwọ akụkọ ọdịnala mbụ e bipụtara n'asụsụ Hibru. Hayim Nahman Bialik hiwere akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na 1918, na-arụ ọrụ na Odessa, ma kpalitere akụkụ ya site na mmetụta nke Mgbanwe Russia na Agha Ụwa Mbụ nwere na omenala ndị Juu na Eastern Europe. [ 1 ] N'ịkwaga na Berlin na mgbe ahụ (site na 1926) Palestine, akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ gbasaa n'ókè ya iji kwurịta ethnography (karịsịa nke ndị Juu Yemen ) na nkà mmụta egwu . [ 2 ] E weputara mpịakọta izizi isii n'etiti 1918 na 1924, [ 1 ] nwere nbipụta ọhụrụ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ sitere na 1945 ruo 1953, [ 3 ] nke Dov Sadan deziri nke ikpeazụ. E jizi *[[Yeda-`Am]]*, akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Israel Folklore Society dochie ya. [ 4 ]

## Ntụaka
 

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ

* 
*
PeaceJam Ghana

**PeaceJam Ghana** bụ ọgbakọ ndị ndu ntorobịa kwa afọ nke ewuru gburugburu Nobel Peace Prize Laureates na-arụ ọrụ na ndị na-eto eto na ebumnuche nke inye ha nkà, ihe ọmụma na amamihe ha maka obodo na mmepe na-adigide. 

Nzukọ a na-adọtakarị ụmụ akwụkwọ si Junior High na Senior High School gafee Ghana bụ ndị a na-azụkarị ma na-eduzi ya na mpaghara dị iche iche gụnyere ma ọ bụghị nanị na ntinye aka na ikpe ziri ezi na udo, ọrụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze, nkà mmụta sayensị, ịzụ ahịa na mmepe na-adịgide adịgide.   

PeaceJam Ghana malitere na 2008 site na isi akwụkwọ ya, West Africa Center for Peace Foundation,  Ghana (WACPF). PeaceJam Ghana eduzila ma zụọ ihe karịrị ụmụ akwụkwọ 5000 kemgbe mmalite ya. PeaceJam Ghana ewepụtala ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta, ụfọdụ n'ime ha natara akwụkwọ mmụta TPG Global Impact Youth Fellows  iji nweta ogo mmụta dị elu.

Wisdom Addo bụ onye nchoputa na onye isi oche nke West Africa Center for Peace Foundation, Ghana.

## Ụlọ akwụkwọ mmekọ

* Osu Presby Senior High School
* Kaneshie Senior High Technical School- Accra 
* Kraboa Coaltar Presby Senior High Technical School
* Half Assini Senior High School
* Annor Adjaye Senior High School
* Accra High Senior High School – Accra
* St Mary's Senior High School (Ghana)
* St. Stephen R/C
* Onyeisi Udo
* Kpakpando nke Oké Osimiri R/C
* Mataheko R/C -1936
* St. Kizito
* Bennett Caulley

## Ntụaka
Akụkọ ọdịnala Ohlone

**Akụkọ ọdịnala Ohlone** gụnyere akụkọ ifo, akụkọ ifo, akụkọ ifo, na akụkọ ọnụ nke ndị Ohlone (Costanoan) nọ n'ụsọ oké osimiri etiti California chekwara.

Akwụkwọ ọnụ ọnụ Ohlone bụ akụkụ nke usoro ọdịnala izugbe nke etiti California.

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ
  

* "Akụkọ ifo India nke South Central California" nke Alfred L. Kroeber dere (1907)
* Gifford, Edward Winslow, na Gwendoline Harris Block. 1930. *ehihie na abalị California Indian* . Arthur H. Clark, Glendale, California. (Akụkọ abụọ ebipụtara na mbụ, p.&nbsp;100–102, 302–303.)
* Kroeber, AL 1907. "Akụkọ ifo India nke South Central California". *Mahadum California Publications na American Archaeology and Ethnology* 4: 167-250. Berkeley. ( Akụkọ ifo Rumsien, p.&nbsp;199-202.)
* Kroeber, AL 1925. *Akwụkwọ ntuziaka ndị India nke California* . Ụlọ ọrụ Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin Nke 78. Washington, DC (Ihe edeturu na akụkọ ifo sitere na mmalite, p.&nbsp;472–473.)
* Ortiz, Beverly R. 1994. " Akụkọ *Chocheño* na *Rumsen* : Ntụnyere". Na *Ohlone: gara aga na ugbu a*, nke Lowell John Bean deziri, p.&nbsp;99–163. Ballena Press, Menlo Park, California. (Akụkọ ifo, nke na-abụkarị nkewa na ụfọdụ njikọ ethnolinguistic na-ejighị n'aka, nke AL Kroeber chịkọtara na 1902, John P. Harrington na 1920s na 1930s, na Alex Ramirez na 1991.)
Ọdịdị (akụkọ ọdịnala)

Na folkloristics, **morphology** bụ ọmụmụ nke nhazi akụkọ ifo na akụkọ ifo .

Ụfọdụ ọrụ ọsụ ụzọ malitere na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, dị ka ọrụ Marian Roalfe Cox na Cinderella, *Cinderella: Narị Atọ na iri anọ na ise nke Cinderella, Catskin na, Cap O'Rushes, Abstracted and Tabulated with a Discussion of Medieval Analogues and Notes* . 

Otú ọ dị, morphology folkloristic malitere ọtụtụ ụdị na narị afọ nke iri abụọ, bụ nke ndị nchọpụta abụọ na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-arụ ọrụ: ọkà mmụta Russia bụ Vladimir Propp na onye na-agụ akwụkwọ akụkọ Finnish Antti Aarne .

Echiche Antti Aarne, nke American folklorist Stith Thompson gbasaara ma gbasaa na 1961 na Hans-Jörg Uther na 2004, lee anya n'ebumnobi kama ime omume &#x2013; dịka ọmụmaatụ, "onye agha na-emekọrịta ihe na ekwensu" ma ọ bụ "onye agha lụrụ nke ọdụdụ n'ime ụmụnne nwanyị atọ". Ihe karịrị 2500 folk na akụkọ ifo ka edepụtala n'okpuru taxonomy a; Nọmba AaTh ma ọ bụ Aarne–Thompson bụ ndị ndị na-ede akụkọ ifo maara nke ọma dịka Francis James Child si amata ballads bụ ndị ọkà mmụta nke abụ ndị mmadụ . &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

Vladimir Propp bụ onye ọkà mmụta nke Russia. Ọ katọrọ ọrụ Aarne maka ileghara ihe ebumnobi *mere* n'akụkọ a anya, wee nyochaa isi nkata, ma ọ bụ omume, akụkụ nke akụkọ ọdịnala ndị Rọshịa iji mata akụkụ akụkọ ha kachasị mfe a na-apụghị imezi emezi. E bipụtara *Morphology of the Folktale* ya na Russian na 1928 wee mee ka Claude Lévi-Strauss na Roland Barthes nwee mmetụta, ọ bụ ezie na ọ natachaghị nlebara anya site n'aka ndị ọkà mmụta Western ruo mgbe a sụgharịrị ya n'asụsụ Bekee na 1950.

Na nchịkọta akụkọ ifo ndị Russia nke Afanasyev, Propp chọtara ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke atụmatụ atụmatụ ma ọ bụ "ọrụ" nke rụrụ ihe niile. Ihe ndị a mere n'usoro ọkọlọtọ na-agbanwe agbanwe. Ọ nwetara ọrụ iri atọ na otu, dị ka "a na-atụpụta ọrụ siri ike" ma ọ bụ "onye nyere onyinye nwale dike" ma ọ bụ "a na-ebufe onye na-eme anwansi ozugbo".

## Hụkwa

* Usoro akụkọ ihe mere eme-ala
* Ọnọdụ dị egwu nke iri atọ na isii

## Ntụaka
Cinderella: Narị Atọ na iri anọ na ise nke Cinderella, Catskin na, Cap O'Rushes, Abstracted and Tabulated with a Discussion of Medieval Analogues and Notes .
British folklore

**Akụkọ ọdịnala Britain** gụnyere isiokwu ndị dị ka akụkọ ifo mpaghara, nri nri, na nkwenye ndị mmadụ . Akụkọ ọdịnala Britain gụnyere akụkọ ọdịnala Bekee, akụkọ ifo Scotland na akụkọ ọdịnala Welsh . 

## Hụkwa

* Akụkọ ifo Celtic
* Akụkọ ifo ndị Cornish
* Akụkọ ifo Hebridean na akụkọ ifo
* Akụkọ ifo Irish
* Okwu nke Britain
* Okwu nke England
* Akụkọ ifo ndị Scotland
* Akụkọ ifo Welsh

## Ihe ndetu

## Ntụaka
ndị dị ka akụkọ ifo mpaghara, nri nri, na nkwenye ndị mmadụ . Akụkọ ọdịnala Britain gụnyere akụkọ ọdịnala Bekee, akụkọ ifo

* Chainey, Dee Dee. 2018. *Akụ nke akụkọ ifo ndị Britain: Maypoles, Mandrakes na Mistletoe* . National ntụkwasị obi .

## Njikọ mpụga

* Media related to Folklore of the United Kingdom at Wikimedia Commons

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* Robinson, Sarah (2022) Amoosu kichin: nri, akụkọ ifo na akụkọ ifo. Mbipụta nwanyị nka. ISBN&nbsp;
* Briggs, Katharine Mary na ire, Ruth L (1966) Akụkọ ifo nke England. Routledge.
* Woolf, Jo. Osisi Britain: Akụ nke omenala, nkwenkwe ụgha, ọgwụgwọ na akwụkwọ.
Skaz

**Skaz** bụ ụdị akụkọ nke Russian ọnụ.  Okwu ahụ sitere na skazátʹ, “ịkọ”, na-emetụtakwa okwu ndị dị ka rasskaz, “akụkọ dị mkpirikpi” na skazka, “akụkọ ifo”.[1]  Okwu a na-eji olumba na ntule were were were n'ụdị mmadụ.[2]  Otú ọ dị, a na-ejikọta okwu ahụ pụrụ iche n'ime akụkọ gbara ya gburugburu, ọ bụghịkwa n'akara nhota.[3]  Skaz abụghị naanị ngwaọrụ agụmagụ, mana a na-ejikwa ya dị ka ihe mmewere na ihe ọchị monologue Russia.

Onye Russia na-eme iwu bụ Boris Eikhenbaum kọwara Skaz na ngwụcha 1910. N'ime akụkọ ole na ole e bipụtara n'oge ahụ, Eikhenbaum kọwara ihe ahụ dị ka ụdị okwu na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ nke na-adịghị mma.  O tinyere ya kpọmkwem na akụkọ mkpirisi Nikolai Gogol *bụ The Overcoat*, n'edemede 1919 nke aha ya bụ *ka esi emepụta "Overcoat" Gogol* .  Eikhenbaum hụrụ skaz dị ka isi na omenala ndị Russia, ma kwenye na akwụkwọ edemede nke mba enweghị ike ịmalite ma ọ bụrụ na ọ naghị ejikọta ya na omenala ọnụ.  Otu n'ime ndị nkatọ agụmagụ bụ ndị kọwapụtara echiche a n'afọ ndị 1920 bụ Yury Tynyanov, Viktor Vinogradov, na Mikhail Bakhtin .  Nke ikpeazụ na-ekwusi ike na mkpa skaz dị na stylization,  ma na-amata ọdịiche dị n'etiti skaz dị ka ụdị okwu dị mfe (dị ka a na-ahụ na Turgenev ma ọ bụ Leskov), na skaz nke nwere ụda olu abụọ, ebe ebumnuche parodistic nke onye edemede pụtara (dị ka a na-ahụ na Gogol ma ọ bụ Dostoevsky). 

Na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, Nikolai Leskov na Pavel Melnikov na-eji ụdị ahụ eme ihe, na mgbakwunye na Gogol. Ndị na-akwado narị afọ nke iri abụọ gụnyere Aleksey Remizov, Mikhail Zoshchenko, Andrei Platonov, na Isaac Babel .  A na-ejikwa okwu ahụ akọwa ihe ndị dị na akwụkwọ nke mba ndị ọzọ; N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, onye Britain na-ede akwụkwọ na onye nkatọ na-ede akwụkwọ bụ David Lodge na-ewu ewu.  John Mullan, onye prọfesọ nke bekee na University College London, chọtara ihe atụ skaz na JD Salinger 's *The Catcher in the Rye* na DBC Pierre 's *Vernon God Little* . 

## Hụkwa

* *Igbe Malachite* nke Pavel Bazhov chịkọtara, bụ nchịkọta akụkọ nwere ụdị nke " *Skaz* ".
* Gawęda, omenala ọnụ nke Polish
* Saga

## Ntụaka
Akụkọ ọdịnala ndị Slav

**Akụkọ ọdịnala ndị Slav** gụnyere akụkọ ifo nke ndị Slav site na ndekọ mbụ ha ruo taa. Folklorists ebipụtawo ọrụ dị iche iche lekwasịrị anya kpọmkwem na isiokwu ahụ kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ.  &#x5B; *nbsp;achọrọ* &#x5D;

E nwere ihe ndekọ ole na ole e dere ede banyere nkwenkwe ndị ọgọ mmụọ Slav; nchọpụta nke nkwenkwe Slavic tupu oge Ndị Kraịst bụ ihe ịma aka n'ihi oke nkewa dị n'etiti ndị isi na ndị ọrụ ugbo na-efe chi dị iche iche.  Ọtụtụ nkwenkwe Ndị Kraịst e mesịrị jikọta ma mee ka ha ghọọ akụkọ ọdịnala nke Slav.

## Hụkwa

* Vladimir Propp, Russian folklorist bụ ọkachamara na morphology
* Ndị dị elu na okpukpe Slavic
* Chi nke okpukpe Slavic

## Ntụaka
e dere ede banyere nkwenkwe ndị ọgọ mmụọ

### Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* 
*
Onye na-eri mmehie

Onye **na-eri mmehie** bụ onye na-eri nri iji buru mmehie nke onye nwụrụ anwụ n’ụzọ ime mmụọ . E kweere na nri ahụ na-amịkọrọ mmehie nke onye nwụrụ anwụ n’oge na-adịbeghị anya, si otú ahụ na-ewepụ mkpụrụ obi onye ahụ.

Ndị ọkà mmụta gbasara mmadụ na ndị ọkà mmụta ọdịnala na-ekewa iri mmehie dị ka ụdị ememe . Ọ na-ejikọkarị ya na Scotland, Ireland, Wales, mpaghara Bekee nke dị n'ókè Wales na ọdịbendị Welsh . 

## Akaebe

### Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Ọ bụ ezie na e nwewo ihe atụ yiri nke ndị na-eri mmehie n’akụkọ ihe mere eme nile, ajụjụ banyere otú omume ahụ si bụrụkarị, mgbe e mere ya, na ihe mmekọrịta dị n’etiti ndị na-eri mmehie, ndị nkịtị, na ndị ọchịchị okpukpe ka ndị ọkà mmụta akụkọ ifo amụbeghị nke ukwuu. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

Na Meso-American mmepeanya, Tlazolteotl, chi nwanyị Aztec nke ajọ omume, ịdị ọcha, ịsa mmiri uzuoku, agụụ mmekọahụ na ihe ruru unyi, na onye na-akwado ndị na-akwa iko (aha ya pụtara n'ụzọ nkịtị 'Uru Dị Nsọ'), nwere ọrụ mgbapụta na omume okpukpe. N'ọgwụgwụ nke ndụ mmadụ, e kwere ka ha kwupụta chi a arụrụ arụ, na dịka akụkọ akụkọ si kwuo, ọ ga-asachapụ mkpụrụ obi site na "iri ihe ruru unyi ya".

The 1911  na-ekwu n'isiokwu ya banyere ndị na-eri mmehie, sị:
 

### Na Wales na Welsh Marches
Okwu ahụ bụ "onye na-eri mmehie" pụtara na ọ sitere na omenala Welsh ma na-ejikọta ya na Wales n'onwe ya na mpaghara Bekee nke dị na Wales .
 
John Bagford ( c. 1650–1716 ) gụnye nkọwa ndị a nke emume iri mmehie n’ime *akwụkwọ ozi ya na Leland’s Collectanea*, i. 76. (dị ka ekwuru na Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, 1898)
 
Ka ọ na-erule 1838, Catherine Sinclair kwuru na omume ahụ na-adalata mana ọ gara n'ihu na mpaghara:
 
Otu akụkọ obodo na Shropshire, England, gbasara ili Richard Munslow, onye nwụrụ na 1906, kwuru na ọ bụ onye ikpeazụ riri mmehie n'ógbè ahụ. Na mbụ, Munslow abụghị onye ogbenye ma ọ bụ onye a na-achụpụ, kama ịbụ onye ọrụ ugbo bara ọgaranya sitere na ezinụlọ guzobere. Munslow nwere ike ịmaliteghachi omenala mgbe ụmụ ya atọ nwụsịrị n'ime otu izu 1870 n'ihi ahụ ọkụ na-acha uhie uhie .  N'okwu nke obodo Reverend Norman Morris nke Ratlinghope, "Ọ bụ omume na-adịghị mma na agaraghị anabata ya site na chọọchị mana echere m na vicar na-atụgharịkarị anya na omume ahụ."  Na olili ozu nke onye ọ bụla nwụrụ anwụ n'ekwupụtaghị mmehie ya, onye na-eri mmehie ga-eburu mmehie nke onye ahụ nwụrụ anwụ site n'iri otu ogbe achịcha na ịṅụ ale sitere na efere osisi gafere n'elu igbe ozu, ma kwuo okwu dị mkpirikpi:  
 
Akwụkwọ 1926 *Funeral Customs* nke Bertram S. Puckle dere na-ekwu banyere onye na-eri mmehie:
 

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Akwụkwọ ntanetị: ''Omenala olili ozu'' nke Bertram S. Puckle na Sacred-Texts.com
* Akụkọ dị egwu mana ezi akụkọ nke ndị na-eri mmehie
* "Mmehie nke Nna", ihe ngosi ihe ngosi nka abalị dabere na iri nmehie
* "Onye na-eri mmehie", Weebụsaịtị nke onye na-eri mmehie nke New Orleans
Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations
Folk poetry

**Abụ ndị mmadụ** (mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ *abụ abụ n'omume* ) bụ uri nke so n'akụkọ ọdịnala ọha mmadụ, nke na-abụkarị akụkụ nke ọdịnala ha na-ekwu . Mgbe a na-agụ ya, uri ndị mmadụ na-aghọ abụ ndị mmadụ .

## Nkọwa
Abụ ndị mmadụ n'ozuzu ha nwere ọtụtụ njirimara. Ọ nwere ike ịbụ nke nkịtị na nke enweghị ọrụ, n'ozuzu enweghị onye nwe ya ma nwee ike "bụ" nke ọha mmadụ, na ịkọ ya nwere ike ịbụ mmemme ọha na eze n'ezoghị ọnụ.  Okwu ahụ nwere ike na-ezo aka n'abụ nke ọdịnala ọnụ nke nwere ike ịmalite kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ;  ya bụ, ọ bụ ozi nke ebufegoro n'ime oge (n'etiti ọgbọ) *naanị* n'ụdị okwu (na edeghị ede). [ 3 ] Ya mere, dị ka ọdịnala ọnụnụ, abụ ndị mmadụ chọrọ ka onye na-eme ihe kwusaa ya n'ọgbọ. [ 4 ]

A pụkwara ịgbatị nkọwa ahụ ka ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị nanị ọnụ ọnụ epics, ma latrinalia, ọtụtụ ụdị nke ịmụ nwa ( skipping-rope rhymes, okwu nke agụta egwuregwu wdg), na limericks ;  yana gụnyekwara abụ ndị na-amaghị aha ma ọ bụ ndị emezigharịrị. 

A na-ejikarị uri ndị mmadụ mara akụkọ nkwugharị, ilekwasị anya n'otu emume (n'ime akụkọ akụkọ n'ozuzu ya ma ọ dị ugbu a), na akụkọ na-abụghị onye, yana iji ikwubiga okwu ókè na iche. [ 7 ]

A na-eche na epics dị ka *The Iliad*, na *The Odyssey* na-enweta site na, ma ọ bụ na-eṅomi na mbụ folk-uri ụdị. [ 8 ]

## Ụdị na ọrụ
 

### Ụdị mpaghara ma ọ bụ ọha mmadụ

* Landay, uri otu n'otu n'otu Afghan
* Zajal, ụdị uri ndị Arab
* Bylina, akụkọ ifo nke ọwụwa anyanwụ Slavic
* Pantun, Ụdị uri Malay
* Ebyevugo, Ụdị uri Ugandan

### Nchịkọta

* *Omuma nke abụ*, nchịkọta uri ndị China oge ochie
* *Reliques of Ancient English Poetry* nke Bishop Thomas Percy chịkọtara
* *Minstrelsy nke oke ala Scotland*, nke Walter Scott chịkọtara.
* *Danmarks gamle Folkeviser*, nchịkọta bọọlụ Danish.

### Ọrụ mmepụta
Ọtụtụ ndị na-ede uri arụwo ọrụ n'ụdị, ma ọ bụ ṅomiri, abụ uri ndị mmadụ. Ndị a gụnyere Johann Gottfried Herder, Walter Scott, na Johan Ludvig Runeberg, na ndị ọzọ. [ 3 ]

## Hụkwa

* Ethnopoetics, sayensị nke nchịkọta uri ndị mmadụ
* Elias Lonnrot, onye na-anakọta uri ndị mmadụ Finnish, deziri n'ime Epic Kalevala .

## Ntụaka

### Isi mmalite

*  

### Ọgụgụ ọzọ

*  

## Njikọ mpụga

* Media related to Folk poetry at Wikimedia Commons
Ezé Ezé Ezigbo

El Rat Perez bụ ihe nkiri Spanish-Argentine nke afọ 2006 nke Juan Pablo Buscarini duziri, nke Delfina Varni, Nicolas Torcanowsky na olu Alejandro Awada dị ka Ratón Perez, Mariano Chiesa dị ka Commander Fugaz na Roly Serrano dị ka El Rata.  Ihe nkiri ahụ nkiri ihe odide 3D animated nke Patagonik Film Group ikpe na Argentina, na Filmax Animation na Spain.  E mara ihe ọzọ na 2008, El Raton Pérez 2.

E ihe nkiri nkiri ahụ na 2006 Toronto International Film Festival, n'okpuru aha Bekee The Hairy Tooth Fairy .  Rat Peréz bụ akụkụ Argentine-Spanish nke ezé.

## Atụmatụ
Nke a bụ ụdị Lucía, map na- ike ntụsara ahụ nke nwere ihe ike n' ma tụfuo ezé.  Santiago, nna ya, onye na- ike ọrụ na Pilar, nne ya, onye nwere ihe ịga nke ọma na-arụ ọrụ, na-eme ka ọ siri mfe na nrọ na Ratón Pérez ga- Key n'ọnụ ụlọ ya n'ahụ, were ezé ya ma jiri ego ya.  Ihe ha na-ahụ bụ na a na-agbasa akara njirimara aka ná ntĩ ahụ.

Obere òké na-eledo ọnọdụ ahụ na-adụọ òké ọzọ aka ná ntī nke na-echeta onye ọzọ aka ná aka ná ntĩ onye ọzọ nke ikpeazụ dụo aka ná ntī.  Oke Perez!  onye bi n'akpa mmiri n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ahụ yana ọtụtụ òké ndị na-achịkọta ezé, na-ehicha, na-akpụzi ha ma na-eme ka ha dị ọcha iji mee ka ha bụrụ nkume pel na-ahụ nna.  A na-eburu ndị a site na mposi obodo gaa n'iche akara ala nke Morientes - enyi ochie nke Pérez nke na-ere ha na--ejii egbochi na-epaghara ego ọgụ.

Ihe kwesịrị ịbụ ọrụ a na-arụ mgbe niile maka òké akụkọ ifo agaghị abụ n'abalị a ebe ọ bụ na ndị omempụ na-enweghị obi na ndị nwere oké ọchịchọ kpebiri ịtọrọ Pérez ma weghara ụgbọ mmiri ya na akụ ya.

Nke a ga-abụ njedebe nke akụkọ ahụ maka onye ọ bụla ma e wezụga Lucía onye - site n'enyemaka nke nwa nwanne ya nwoke Ramiro - na-enupụ isi na nne na nna ya ma ghara ịtụle ihe ga-esi na ya pụta ga-anwa ịzọpụta Pérez na-eme njem na-adọrọ mmasị nke ga-egosi na ị gaghị abụ nwata iji kwere.

Akụkọ ahụ Meghan n'ụzọ ụfọdụ na Ratoncito Pérez, onye na-eme ihe n'ụdị Spanish yiri Tooth fairy.

## Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri

### Olu

* Alejandro Awada - *Raton Pérez*
* Mariano Chiesa - *Ọchịagha Fugaz*
* Roly Serrano - Anụ*Anụmanụ*

### Ụmụ mmadụ

* Nicolás Torcanowski - *Ramiro*
* Delfina Varni - *Lucía*
* Fabián Mazzei - *Santiago*
* Ana María Orozco - *Ogidi*
* Joe Rígoli - *Justo Amancio Morientes*
* Diego Gentile - *Pipo*
* Ana María Nazar - *Condesa*
* Enrique Porcellana - Nwoke buru ibu*Nnukwu ibu*
* Fernanda Bodria - *Onye nkụzi*
* Anahí Martella - *Samanta*
* Fernando Paz - Ant*Ndanda*
* Marcos Metta - *Prọfesọ*
* Pedro Martínez Goncalvez - *Nwa akwụkwọ 1*

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

*
Asụsụ Uneme

**Uneme** bụ asụsụ Edoid na otu sub-saharan nke Naijiria dị na steeti Edo. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Ntụaka
Asụsụ Onobasulu

**Onobasulu** bụ asụsụ Papuan nke Papua New Guinea, nke a na-asụkarị na mpaghara Southern Highlands  Ọkara ndị na-asụ ya bụ asụsụ otu.

## Ntụaka
apuan nke Papua New 1. https://www.ethnologue.com/language/onn/
Asụsụ Anam

**Anam**, ma ọ bụ **Pondoma**, bụ asụsụ Papuan nke Madang Province, Papua New Guinea .

## Ntụaka
asụsụ

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ndepụta Anam Swadesh nke Rosetta Project na ebe nchekwa ịntanetị
* Anam Lexicon na TransNewGuinea.org
Asụsụ Nete

**Nete**, makwaara dị ka **Bisorio**, **Malamauda**, ma ọ bụ **Inai**, bụ asụsụ Engan a na-asụ na Papua New Guinea .

## Nhazi
Glottolog na-ekewa Nete na Bisorio dị ka asụsụ abụọ n'ime Outer Engan, otu dị iche iche dị na mgbago ugwu gafee Central Range site na mpaghara a na-asụ Engan, nke dị na Enga Province . Asụsụ a na-akpọ Bikaru, nke a na-asụ n'isi osimiri Korosamen dị n'akụkụ mpaghara a na-asụ olumba Nete, bụ olumba Bisorio nwere nghọta zuru oke na asụsụ ndị ọzọ. 

## Geography
Obodo a na-asụ Nete gụnyere Malaumanda, Anamanda, Lodon, Onge, Kasakali, Takop, Hulipa, Yaipo, Bake, Nai, Onon, Limbia na Menagus. 

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ

; Ndepụta okwu nke Bisorio

* Conrad, Robert J. na Ronald K. Lewis. 1988 Ụfọdụ asụsụ na mmekọrịta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na mpaghara Upper Sepik nke Papua New Guinea. Na: Smith et al. 243–273.
* Davies, John na Bernard Comrie. 1985. Nnyocha asụsụ nke Upper Yuat. Na: Adams et al., 275–312.

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ọrụ Rosetta: Ndepụta Swadesh Nete, Ndepụta Bisorio Swadesh, Ndepụta Bikaru Swadesh
Mkpịsị Aka Ọlaedo

The Golden Bracelet bụ Akụkọ ifo America sitere na Kentucky, nke Marie Campbell chị ọchịchị na Tales from the Cloud Walking Country, na-edepụta onye na-enye ihe ndị dị ka Aunt Lizbeth Fields. . 

Ọ bụ Aarne-Thompson ụdị 533. [1] Akụkọ ọzọ nke ụdị a bụ The Goose Girl, ọ bụ ebe na The Golden mgbaaka dị iche n'ọtụtụ ụzọ, na-egosi na ọ sitere na ụdị Gaelic.. 

## Nchịkọta atụmatụ
Laa azụ n'oge ndị eze nwanyị na ndị eze, e nwere eze nwanyị na-achọ ịnwụ. N'ịmara na di ya ga-anọ naanị ya, ọ machibidoghị ya ịlụ di ọzọ. Iji chebe nwa ya nwanyị, o mere mgbaaka ọla edo na ntutu ọla edo nke ya. Ọ gwara nwa ya nwanyị na mgbaaka ahụ ga-echebe ya pụọ na mmerụ ahụ ọ bụla. Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị, eze ahụ lụrụ di ọzọ. Nne nne ọhụrụ nke nwa nwanyị ahụ weere ihe niile kachasị mma maka nwa nwanyị ya na-adịghị mma n'azụ eze ma ghara ikwe ka nwa nwanyị ahụ gaa ihe omume ọha na eze. Nwanne nwanyị ahụ bụ onye obi ọjọọ na onye obi ọjọọ, ihe dị iche na nwa nwanyị eze nwanyị, onye dị nro ma nwee obiọma. Nwa nwanyị eze nwanyị ahụ echeghị na ọnọdụ a ma nweta nkasi obi na mgbaaka ọla edo ya, ọrụ ịkwa akwa ya, na obere nkịta ya nke o weere dị ka ezigbo enyi ya. 

Otu, mgbe ọ nọ n'ụbọchị na-akwa akwa, otu onye ọ na-ama gbara ya gburugburu ma ọnụ ihe ọ na-eme.  Dị ka ihe ọchị, o kwuru na ọ na-eme ezigbo akpa akpa maka Eze nke Spain.  Onye mbịarambịa ahụ ike na ọ bụ, n'ezie, Eze nke Spain, ọ ike inye ya ya.  Ọ gwara ya na ọ ga-emecha ya, ọ ga-ewekwa otu izu.  Mgbe otu izu izu, Eze nke Spain ụmụaka ma nwa nke eze ajụ ga-alụ ya;  ọ gwara ya na ọ ga-echehụ ya, mana n'otu oge ahụ, nwanne ahụ na-eme ihe ngosi ya ihe ọ nwere ike ike site n'ịlụ Eze nke Spain.  Ọ nwere ike ike akụ nadị dị ukwuu, ya mere nwanne nwoke ahụ ịlụ Eze nke Spain kama. 

Mgbe Eze nke Spain nwa anọghị nke eze ahụ, nwanne nwoke ahụ siri ọnwụ na ya ga-eso ya gaa, na-azọrọ na ọ na-eji adị mma ka ọ gaa naanị ya.  Nwanne ahụ gosiri na mgbaaka ola edo ahụ chebe nwa nwanyị eze ahụ, ya mere na njem ahụ, o siri otu nwanne ma zuo mgbaaka.  Nwa nwanne ahụ ahụ na-eyi mgbaaka, ọ mara mma, nwa amụrụ eze ahụ ghọkwara ihe ihe, mgbe ochie ha ihe na-adị otu.  Mgbe ha rutere Spain, nwanne nwanne ahụ yiri nwa eze echere nke na Eze Spain chere na ọ bụ onye ọ ịlụ ọgụ.  Omume ọhụrụ ya ịchụ ya, mana okwu ya jide ya wee lụọ ya.  Onye ọ ALA nọ n'ikiri ahụ nha, ahụ ma hụ nwa eze elele ahụ n'anya, ọ bụ ebe na ha chere na ọ bụ naanị odibo.  Mana nwanne obere nwa ahụ ahụ sooro ya gaa Spain, ebe ọ bụ na ọ hụ ya ihe niile, ọ gwara ya ndị a.  Nwanyị na-eje ozi n'aka eze ahụ Medical nke a wee gwa eze ochie, onye gwara eze ọhụrụ ahụ, ọ tụfuru nwanne ahụ wee lụọ nwa nha nha nha ahụ, onye, ​​​​onye ọ we ela edo ya, mara mma ọzọ..

## Ihe odide
Asụsụ Marau

**Marau** bụ asụsụ Malayo-Polynesian Eastern a na-asụ n'ụsọ oké osimiri ndịda nke Serui Island nke otu agwaetiti Ambai dị na Cenderawasih Bay, n'ime Papua Province nke Western New Guinea, n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Indonesia .

## Ntụaka
n'ụsọ oké osimiri ndịda nke
Asụsụ Kis

**Kis** bụ asụsụ Oceanic nke ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ New Guinea . A na-asụ ya na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke obodo Samap 

150-250 nde na-ekwu ya.

## Ntụaka
n'ụsọ oké osi
Asụsụ Guruntum

**Guruntum bụ asụsụ Chad a na-asụ na Bauchi na Alkaleri LGAs, Bauchi Steeti, Naijiria .  N'afọ 1993, ihe dị ka mmadụ 15,000 kwuru ya.**

## Nchịkọta
Guruntum bụ Asụsụ West Chadic nke Barawa (B.3) otu.

Isi olumba gụnyere Kuuku, Gayar, Mbaaru, Dooka, Gar na Karakara.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụedemede
Guruntum na-emegide ụdị ogologo na nke dị mkpirikpi maka ụdaume niile ma e wezụga . Na mgbakwunye, ụdaume abụọ dị:  .

E nwere diphthongs abụọ,  na .

### Mkpụrụ okwu

 na-aghọta dị ka flap intervocalically n'ihu ụdaume azụ; n'ebe ọzọ ọ bụ trill.

### Ụda
Guruntum nwere ụda anọ: elu, dị ala, na-ebili (ala-elu) na ịda (elu-ala).

## Edensibia

*
Nurul Huq Bhuiyan

Nurul Haque Bhuiyan bụ onye na-eme ọnụ iwe na Bengali.

## Ọrụ
Bhuiyan bụ onye prọfesọ nke Ngalaba Chemistry na Applied Chemistry na Mahadum Dhaka n'oge 1946–1994.  Ọ bụ onye isi ndị isi Tamaddun Majlish na onye mbụ na-akpọkọta Rastrabhasa Sangram Parishad n'oge mmegharị asụsụ.  Ọ bụ onye nchoputa Provost nke Sir A F Rahman Hall nke Mahadum Dhaka.  Ọ bụ onye nhazi mbụ nke mmegharị asụsụ n'ime October 1947 - February 1948. 

## Ihe odide
Hae Nang Maew

Ememe nke ***Hae Nang Maew*** (Thai; Khmer; 'Procession of Lady Cat') bụ ememe ọdịnala nke na-eme ememe mmiri ozuzo nke a na-ahụ na Cambodia yana Central na Northeast Thailand n'oge ụkọ mmiri ozuzo, site na Mee ruo Ọgọst.

## Nkọwa
Ememe mmiri ozuzo nke Hae Nang Maew bụ ndị ọrụ ugbo na mpaghara etiti na ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Thailand na-emekarị.[1]  A na-eme ya na Cambodia, n'agbanyeghị na amabeghị ebe emume a si malite, ma ọ bụ na mmepeanya Angkorian ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ ma ọ bụ na nso nso a na Laos. by a musical band consisting of drums, gongs, cymbals and claves. and singing which varies in various locations but lyrics are often close to this ancient tune: "Rain, rain, come pouring down. We barely had any this year. Without rain, our rice will die."

Usoro a na-emekarị mgbe ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na-aghọ ihe na-echegbu ndị ọrụ ugbo.  Ndị obodo na-amalite ịkụ ihe ozugbo mmiri ozuzo rutere mgbe emume mgbo ala eze gachara na mbido Mee.  Enweghị mmiri ozuzo mgbe emume a gachara, ndị obodo na-ekpebikarị ịme ngagharị nwamba.

Njem nwamba ahụ dị egwu ma na-eme ka ọ dị egwu dị ka Egwú Trot  site n'ìgwè egwu nwere ịgbà, gongs, cymbals na claves. na ịbụ abụ nke dịgasị iche n'ebe dị iche iche mana okwu ya na-adịkarị nso na abụ oge ochie a: "Oké mmiri ozuzo, mmiri ozuzo na-abịa. Anyị nwere ihe ọ bụla n'afọ a. Na-enweghị mmiri ozuzo. "

Ọ bụ ezie na a ka na-eme ngagharị a dị ka nke a na Cambodia, na Thailand, emelitere "ọdịnala na-adọrọ mmasị"  iji zere ihe a ga-akọwa dị ka mmekpa ahụ anụmanụ, nwamba na-atụ egwu mmiri. Iji zere nkatọ nke mmekpa ahụ anụmanụ, na Isan, a na-eji anụ ọhịa bea dochie anya nwamba mgbe ụfọdụ. Ọbụna karịa, na Uttaradit, ụmụaka na ndị mụrụ ha na-edochi nwamba site n'iji ejiji dị ka tomcats na-etinye ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ anụ ọhịa.  Ndị obodo dị na Tamnak Tham Subdistrict, Nong Muang Khai District, Phrae Province na-eme nwamba adịgboroja site na achara na akị oyibo, nke ha na-akpọ "Nong Saifon" [2]  Ndewo Kitty ma ọ bụ Doraemon dummies ejiriwokwa dị ka nnọchi.

## Ebumnuche
Dị ka ọkà mmụta gbasara gbasara mmadụ na Thai, Phraya Anuman Rajadhon si kwuo, nwamba na-adịghị amasị mmiri ma na-ejikọta ya kemgbe oge ochie na ịkpata ụkọ mmiri ozuzo.  Na ibuli ọbụbụ ọnụ ahụ, ya mere mmiri na-eju ha.  A na-ejikọta usoro ahụ na ememe eze na aha ya n'onwe ya na-ezo aka na pusi dị ka Neang Maew ma ọ bụ "Princess Cat", na-egosi ebe nsọpụrụ a na-enye anụ ọhịa na-ebugharị n'ụdị  palanquin.
Dị ka emume mgbaghara nke Europe nke oge ochie dị ka *Kattenstoet*, olileanya na-eme ngagharị a bụ na ọ ga-abụ "ụmụ nwamba na nkịta mmiri ozuzo" ọzọ. Ọ bụrụ na nwamba na-eme mkpesa n'oge ihe omume ahụ, a na-eche na ọ ga-ezo n'oge na-adịghị anya. Ndị Khmer na ndị Thai nwere olileanya na mmiri ozuzo ga-abịa site na ụbọchị 3 ruo 7 mgbe emume ahụ gasịrị. Nke a na-enyere aka iwulite obi ike ha na mmiri ga-ezo, ọ na-eweta ịdị n'otu nke ndị nọ n'obodo n'ihi ọrụ achọrọ site na obodo.

## Edensibia
Abdul Malek Ukil

Abdul Malek Ukil (Bengali: আব্দুল মালেক উকিল; 1 October 1924 – 17 October 1987) bụ onye isi ala Bangladesh Awami League, onye isi oche nke ndị omeiwu, onye minista ime ụlọ, onye ọka iwu, onye ọka iwu ọtụtụ afọ.  Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ede akwụkwọ iwu nke Bangladesh yana otu n'ime ndị guzobere East Bengal Muslim Students League.

## Oge ọ malitere
A Ajụjụ Abdul Malek Ukil n'obodo Rajapur nke Noakhali Sadar Upazila na Noakhali District.  [1] Ndụ akwụkwọ ya akwụkwọ na Noakhali Ahmadia High Madrasa, ebe o si gapụtara ule Madrasa ya na njikọ n'ozuzu ya na akwụkwọ ozi na ikike.  N'afọ 1947 ọ kpọrọ ule IA ya na Magura College na Jessore District.  Afọ ka e ịhụ, na 1949, ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na BA na Mahadum nke Dhaka (Mahadum Dhaka).  N'afọ sochirinụ, ọ natara nzere MA ya wee gụchaa LL.  B sitere n'otu ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.[1]  Ọ pụtara ọrụ ya dị ka onye ọka iwu na Noakhali District Bar na 1952. N'ikpeazụ, n'afọ 1962, ọ na-enye onye otu ụlọ ikpe dị elu nke Dhaka.
Pearu Sardar

Pearu Sardar (1911-1961) bụ onye isi mpaghara nke Dhaka, Pakistan.  Na nlekọta afɔ nke 20, a mara onye ndú mpaghara nke Dhaka dị ka Sardar;  a maara ya maka egwu aka na Language Movement nke 1952. E wuru Shaheed Minar iji cheta ndị nwụrụ n'ihi ụbọchị ha ụbọchị iri abụọ na otu nke ọmụmụ Febụwarị n'afọ 1952 ihe omume nke ụbọchị ahụ, site na nkwado ya.

## Ọrụ ya na 1952
Dị ka Dr. Sayeed Haider, onye isi na-eme akwụkwọ na onye na-ahụ Shaheed Minar mbụ, ihe iwu ya bụ nke ụmụ akwụkwọ nke Dhaka Medical College mere.[1]  Atụmatụ ahụ ahụ n'etiti ahụ na Febụwarị 22, 1952, ọrụ wee malite n'echi ya.  Ọ bụ Sardar, otu n'ime ndị Dhaka panchayet sardars ochie ochie ya.[1]  Ọ bụ ebe na a akwụkwọ iwu, ụmụ akwụkwọ akụkọ iwu Minar n'ehihie nke February 23 wee ọrụ n'ahụ niile iji mechaa ya n'isi ụtụtụ.  E edere akwụkwọ e ji aka dee na Minar nke nwere "Shaheed Smritistombho" idé na ya.  Ndị uwe ojii na Ndị agha Pakistan bibiri ya n'ime ụbọchị ole na ole.

## Onyinye
N'afọ 2015, na-ebelata Bangladesh ndị na-amụ maka nri Ekushey Padak, otu n'ime ndị na-enye ndị mgbaàmà elu na mba ahụ.  Sardar natara ihe nrite ahụ mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, iji kwado ọrụ ya n'oge ngosi nka. 

## Ihe odide
Shafiur Rahman

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ili nke Shafiur Rahman na Azimpur Graveyard, Dhaka (Foto nke 2007).
A na-ewere Shafiur Rahman (Bengali; 24 Jenụwarị 1918 - 22 Febụwarị 1952) na Bangladesh dị ka onye nwụrụ n'ihi ụgwọ nke nkọwa nke mere na East Pakistan. 

## Oge ọ malitere
A mind Shafiur Rahman na Konnagar, nso Serampore, na Bengal Presidency, British Raj.  Aha nna ya bụ Hakim Mahabubur Rahman na aha nne ya bụ Kanayata Khatoon.  Ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Konnagar High School na 1936 wee gụchaa I. Com na Government Commerce College na Kolkata.  Nkewa nke India enyi, ọ kwagara Dhaka, East Bengal, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ike na ngalaba ezinụlọ ego nke ikpe Kasị Elu nke Dhaka..

## Òtù Asụsụ Bengali
N'abụ iri abụọ na n'afọ Febụwarị n'afọ 1952 [1] mgbe ọ na-aga ọrụ ya na ụgbọ agha ya, ọ na-ama n'Okporo ụzọ Nawabpur, nke ndị na ndị na-eme nka iwe egwuregwu ịgba égbè ndị uwe ojii n'ụbọchị gara aga na-abụ ọrụ.  Ndị uwe ojii gbara ndị na-eme akwụkwọ iwe égbè ma gbaa Shafiur Rahman égbè n'azụ;  ọ nwụrụ mgbe a kpọgara ya na Dhaka Medical College.  E liri ya na ili ozu Azimpur n'okpuru ndị uwe ojii.

## Ihe Nketa
otu otu mgbe ihe ahụ mere, nna ya, Hakim Mahbubur Rahman, akara ụmụ akwụkwọ na-emekọ iwe na Mahadum Dhaka, meghere Shaheed Minar mbụ.

N'afọ 2000, otu Bangladesh nyere Shafiur Rahman Ekushey Padak.  [1] A na-akpọ ihe a akara nke ọla nchara nke isi ya na ndị ọzọ a na-anwụ anwụ n'ihi akwụkwọ ha n'asụsụ ahụ Moder Gorob ma dị na akwụkwọ akwụkwọ Bangla.

## Ihe ngosi
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ili nke Shafiur Rahman, 21 Febụwarị 1953
thumb|Ili nke Shafiur Rahman (1918 - 1952) Onye nwụrụ n'ihi okwukwe ya na ili Azimpur, Dhaka (2021)

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Mgbasa ozi metụtaraShafiur Rahmanna Wikimedia Commons
* 
* 
*
Mohammad Toaha

Mohammad Toaha (2 Jenụwarị 1922 - 29 Nọvemba 1987) bụ onye na-ahụ maka ọrụ nke 1952 na onye ọzụzụ ọzụzụ a ma ama si Bangladesh.  

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
Akwụkwọ Toaha na 2 Jenụwarị 1922 n'obodo Hajirhat na Ramgati nke Lakshmipur District.  Ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Calcutta na 1939. O mechara megharịa MA ya na-eji ụkwụ ike na 1948. 

## Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị
Toaha dị ka onye na-eme ọnụ iwe na Sylhet Referendum n'okpuru Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani na 1946. N'afọ 1947, ọ akwụkwọ East Pakistan Students Federation, otu ụmụ akwụkwọ mbụ na-arụ ọrụ n'aka ekpe n'Ebe Ọwụwa ozugbo Bengal.  Aha ya na nnapụta nke Awami Muslim League na 1949.

### Òtù Asụsụ Bengali
Toaha bụ onye mbụ na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'oge ọrụ nke aha Bengali.  N'iji iri na otu n'anyị Machị n'afọ 1948, mgbe otu ndị otu Toaha duziri gara Secretariat iji nye Khawaja Nazimuddin ihe ebe, ndị uwe ojii jidere ya.  Mgbe e hụ, ha tara ya ndu ma otu izu n'iche ọgwụ maka mgbake.  Dị ka otu n'ime ndị isi nke Kọmitii Rashtrabhasha Shangram (Komiti Ọrụ Asụsụ Steeti), a na-eji Toaha ngwaọrụ na ngwaọrụ niile ya na ọrụ.  Ọ bụkwa onye akụkụ anya Fazlul Haque Hall nke Mahadum Dhaka.  Mgbe Muhammad Ali Jinnah gara ebe ahụ, Toaha njem ya ihe ihe kpatara ntanye ha.  Ọ na-ekwukwa okwu na egwu na-eme ide Bengali na edemede Arabic.  Ọ bụ onye anya Jubo League na Shorbodolio Kendrio Rashtrabhasha Kormoporishod (All-party Central Language Committee of Action).  Ka e hụ n'afọ 1952, e jidere ya maka njikọ na-ahụ maka ụmụ akwụkwọ.

### 1954–1970
Mgbe a tụhapụrụ ya na 1954, o ngwaọrụ na mbụ aka nke United Front meri.[1]  N'ebe ahụ, a mgbaàmà ya dị ka onye otu Provincial Assembly.  N'afọ 1956, o adi otu ndị ọrụ a na-akpọ Purba Pakistan Majdur Federation ma họpụta ya dịka onye isi oche ya.  N'afọ 1957, e mgba Toaha na National Awami Party nke Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani ma akara họpụta ya ka ọ bụrụ ibu ibu ukwu ya.  Site na iwu agha nke Ayub Khan na 1958, Tokaaha la nchekwa na-enyere ndị na-eso ụzọ.  N'afọ 1969, ọ tọ otu n'ime ndị na-hazi òtù ndị na-anya Ayub. 

### Agha Nnwere Onwe nke Bangladesh
 Toaha mgbasa ndị Kọmunist Sukhendu Dastider na Abdul Haq nke East Pakistan Communist Party (Marxist-Leninist) akwụkwọ isonye n'agha akwụkwọ onwe maka Bangladesh.

### ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mgbe nnwere onwe gasịrị
Mgbe akwụkwọ onwe nke Bangladesh nchebe, e nyere ya akwụkwọ ikike ma ọ gara zoo.  Mgbe ọnwụchara akwụkwọ ikike na 1976 ọ la ike na ngwaọrụ ngwaọrụ.  A ahụmahụ ya ka ọ bụrụ onye otu Jatiya Sangsad na 1979. N'afọ 1986, Toaha ngwaọrụ na mbụ aka Jatiya Sangsad dị ka onye a na site na njikọ 8-Party. 

## Ọnwụ
Toaha nwụrụ na 29 Nọvemba 1987 n'obodo ya bụ Hajirhat, Lakshmipur District . 

## Ihe odide
Mikael Bodlore-Penlaez

Mikael Bodlore-Penlaez ( About n'afọ 1975) bụ onye edemede na onye na-ese map na Breton.  Ya na Divi Kervella, dezi Atlas nke Brittany (French / Breton) nke mbụ na-asụ nke abụọ nke nna nna nna "Brittany's Prize of the Book"".

A mụrụ ya na Brest.

## Akwụkwọ

### Akwụkwọ n'asụsụ Bekee

* Atlas of Stateless Nations, ndị pere mpe na-achọ nkwenye (nke Ciaran na Sarah Finn sụgharịrị n'asụsụ Bekee), Ed. Na Lolfa, 2011   

### Akwụkwọ na French ma ọ bụ (asụsụ abụọ Breton / French)

* *Guide des drapeaux bretons et celtes* (Guide for Breton and Celtic flags) (with Divi Kervella), Ed. Yoran Embanner, 2008 
* *Atlas des Nations sans État, peuples minoritaires en quête de reconnaissance*, Ed. Yoran Embanner, 2010 
* *Atlas de Bretagne / Atlas Breizh* (Atlas of Brittany) (with Divi Kervella), Ed. Coop Breizh, 2011 
* *Musique classique bretonne / Sonerezh klasel Breizh (Breton classical music), Cras, Ladmirault, Le Flem, Le Penven, Ropartz...* (with Aldo Ripoche), Ed. Coop Breizh, 2012 
* *Bretagne, les questions qui dérangent* (Brittany, tough questions) (with Pierre-Emmanuel Marais & Lionel Henry), Ed. Yoran Embanner, 2014 
* *La France charcutée, petite histoire du "big bang" territorial"* (Butchered France, brief history of the regional reform), Ed. Coop Breizh, 2014 
* *Atlas des mondes celtiques / Atlas ar bed keltiek* (Atlas of Celtic world) (with Erwan Chartier-Le Floch & Divi Kervella), Ed. Coop Breizh, 2014 
* *Réunifier la Bretagne, région contre métropoles ?* (with les Géographes de Bretagne, under the direction of Yves Lebahy and Gael Briand), Ed. Skol Vreizh, 2015 
* *Gwenn-ha-Du, le drapeau breton* (collection "Trilogie des symboles de Bretagne"), Ed. Coop Breizh, 2015 
* *Bro Gozh ma Zadoù, l'hymne national breton* (collection "Trilogie des symboles de Bretagne"), Ed. Coop Breizh, 2015 
* *BZH, l'abréviation bretonne* (collection "Trilogie des symboles de Bretagne"), Ed. Coop Breizh, 2015 

### Map

* Ndị Europe pere mpe, 2004
* *Otu narị Mba nke Europe*, 2005
* *Usoro ọmụmụ nke ndị eze na ndị isi nke Brittany*, 2007
* Brittany: Geography nke mba akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Europe (60 mpaghara ọdịnala), 2007
* *Obodo 9 nke Brittany*, 2008
* Ndị mmadụ n'ụwa, 2009
* *Mba Frisian*, 2010
* *Asụsụ ndị Europe*, 2010
* *Map nke ụwa na Briten*, 2011
* *Map nke Val-de-Loire*, 2012
* *Map nke Kurdistan*, 2012
* *Ndị Europe, map ethnographical nke mba na mpaghara akụkọ ihe mere eme*, 2012

## Ihe odide

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Asụsụ Gupa-Abawa

**Gupa-Abawa bụ asụsụ Nupoid a na-asụ na steeti Niger, Naijiria.  Aha ya sitere na agbụrụ ya abụọ, Gupa na Abawa**.

A na-asụ Gupa n'obodo nta Gupa, Abugi-Jankara, Emirokpa, Favu, Kenigi, Kpotagi, Abete, Kuba, Avu, Dagbaje, Eji, Jihun, Yelwa, Cheku, Atsu,chepa, Alaba, Gbedu, na Kirikpo dị na ndịda Lapai. N'ikwu okwu, ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na Kami na Dibo.

## Edensibia
David Fernàndez na Ramos

David Fernàndez na Ramos (Barcelona, ​​September 24, 1974) bụ onye nta ajụjụ Katalan, onye-alụ ọgụ na onye na-ahụ maka ndị mmadụ na ibe ya.  Ọ bụ onye otu ndị omeiwu nke Catalonia na nke iri maka Popular Unity Candidacy (CUP) site na Disemba 17, 2012, ruo Ọgọst 4, 2015.

## Akụkọ ndụ
A foto ya na September 24, 1974, na Barcelona, ​​ọ malitere mbụ nke ndụ ya na Ripoll (Ripollès).[1][2]  Nna nna ya, Saturnino Fernández, onye ya na-achọta na ike ike, bụ onye Kọmunist, onye Republican, na onye na-anya Franco.  [1][2] Ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ nke La Sedeta na Vila de Gràcia, ha abụọ dị na Barcelona.  Ọ ahụmahụ aka na ụgbọ agha na-egosi afọ 1990.[3]  Na mahadum, ọ ìhè Sayensị ndị agha na Mahadum Autonomous nke Barcelona (UAB) mana ọaja n'afọ atọ nke nzere ya.  Ọ sị afụ abụọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ahanyere na ụlọ ọrụ ala SEAT, ruo mgbe ahụ mere ka ọ were.

N'afọ 2006, o àgwà dị oke egwu omume mmegide nke ndị uwe ojii Spain Cróniques del 6 i altres retalls de la claveguera policial.  Na Nọvemba 13, 2012, ya na Julià nke Jòdar, akwụkwọ ọmụmụ ihe na-egosi nke Popular Unity Candidacy, nke na-akpata Cop nke CUP.  N'afọ 2013, Foc a la barraca sochiri nke a, nchịkọta nke isiokwu ya edere n'afọ ndị gara aga..
Ọ bụ onye edemede na onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ a na-ebipụta kwa izu, La Directa . 

Ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Katalan cooperative, alternative economy na ethical finance movements.

## Ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ
N'agbanyeghị na ọ dịghị mgbe ọ bụ onye otu ọ llala, ọ gbara ọsọ nke mbụ ya na mbụ aka ime obodo nke 2011 na Barcelona n'ịbụ nke iri na anọ na ndepụta nke CUP-Alternative for Barcelona (CUP-AB).  N'nana Ọktoba afọ 2012, ọ na-enye onye isi nke ndepụta CUP-Alternativa d'Esquerres maka Barcelona na-amalite aka nke ndị omeiwu nke Catalonia n'afọ 2012..

N'oge niile ọ nọ n'ọnụ omebe iwu, Fernández isi onye ma ama maka nkatọ ọ na-akatọ nrụrụ aka nke ndị na-echekwa ego na ndị agha na-akpata ihe na-eme ka ndụ nke Spain nke ihe na 2008. N'na Nọvemba afọ 2013, mgbe isi nke mana onye bụ Bankigo, nke isi nke mana onye bụ Bankzi nke mbụ, nke isi nke mana onye bụ Bankzi nke mbụ.  ka ọ gbaa na kọmitii a, Fernandez mechara na-eburu akpụkpọ ụkwụ ya n'ụzọ ndị Arab na-egosi nlelị, wee gwa Rato: "Lee gị n'oge na-adịghị anya, onye omempụ anya.!" 

N'afọ 2014, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi oche nke kọmitii nyocha nke ndị omeiwu Katalan maka igwu wayo ụtụ isi na izere na nrụrụ aka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. 

## Ọrụ nka
O maki na egwu egwu iji kwanyere Ovidi Montllor ndari ya na Borja Penalba na David Caño wee guzobe otu egvu Ovidi3, nke ibu Ovidi4, onye na-agụ egwu Valencian Mireia Vives.

## Ihe odide

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Nicholas Boson

Nicholas Boson (1624-1708) bụ onye edemede na, na onye na-echekwa, Asụsụ Cornish.  A map ya na Newlyn n'nwere ikike ala na ndị ejijị na-etinye aka na azụ azụ.

Nne Nicholas gbochiri ndị agbata obi ha na ndị na-ejere ha ozi ịgwa ya okwu Cornish, n'ihi ya, ọ bụ naanị mgbe ọ ire ya maka azụmahịa ya na ndị ọkụ azụ ka ọ na-asụ ya.  Okwa William Scawen na Edward Lhuyd aka na-ahụ maka nke Cornish.

Boson dere ihe atọ dị mkpa na Cornish: "Nebbaz gerriau dro tho Carnoack" ("Okwu ole na ole ndidi Cornish"), n'etiti 1675 na 1708;  "Jowan Chy-an-Horth, py, An try foynt a skyans" ("John nke Chyannor, ma ọ bụ, Isi ihe a atọ nke akpata"), nke Edward Lhuyd መጋn na 1707, ọ bụ ebe na dị ka Lhuyd si kwuo, e dere ihe dị ka afọ iri anọ gara aga;  na The Dutchess of Cornwall's Progress, nke a maara ugbu a naanị na Bekee ma mara ya.  mbụ mbụ bụ ederede Cornish a mara ka nke mbụ awụ nke iri na asaa.

E liri ya na Pọl, ebe nwa ya nwoke John Boson na nwa nwanne ya nwoke Thomas Boson, ndị edemede ibe ya na Cornish, na-ezu ike.

## Ihe odide

* Matthew Spriggs, 'Ezinụlọ Boson (per. c.1675-1730) ", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 nwetara 11 Ọktoba 2007

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ihe odide asụsụ Cornish nke Nicholas Boson dere
Richard Gendall

Prọfesọ Richard Roscow Morris "Dick" Gendall (12 ụgbọ 1924 - 12 September 2017) bụ onye Britain irọ na Asụsụ Cornish.  Ọ bụ onye nna "Modern Cornish" / Curnoack Nowedga, nke kewara n'afọ ndị 1980. Ọ bụ ebe na Ken George gara na Medieval Cornish dị ka ihe mkpali maka mweghachi ya, Gendall gara na ihe ikpeazụ nke Cornish, dị ka Jọn na Nicholas Boson, na ike awụ nke iri na...  Ọ dabanri na Mahadum nke Exeter. 

Ọ bụkwa onye na-agụ akwụkwọ, ya na Brenda Wootton (ike Crowdy Crawn) mekwara ọtụtụ ndị, yana onye na-ede uri na onye edemede na Cornish n'onwe ya n'okpuru aha "Gelvinak".

Gendall akara Teere ha Tavaz, otu akwụkwọ nke na-achọ akara Cornish na ụdị Cornish nke Oge A ma ọ bụ Curnoack Nowedga.  Ọ bụkwa obere onye na-akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na, na, akara Cornish.

Ọ nwụrụ na Liskeard, Cornwall na September 2017 mgbe ọ dị afọ 93. [1] [2] O sitere n' "Penzance nke kwagara St Blazey mgbe ọ dị obere ma ọrụ gaa St Winnow.  Mgbe ọ rụchara ọrụ n'oge agha na Royal Navy, ọ egwu na egwu na Mahadum nke Leeds;  ahụ, o nwere ike mgbe ihe ngosi ụfọdụ gosiri Cornish site na R. Morton Nance na A. S. D. Smith mana o nwere nkụda ikiri na-egosi ekwu ya.  Ọ mgbasa maka akwụkwọghachi nke Cornish dị ka nri a na-asụ.

Ruo ọtụtụ afọ ọ kụziri French na Spanish na Helston Grammar School.

## Akwụkwọ

* *Kernewek Bew (Living Cornish) *. 1972
* *Nkwupụta nke Cornish*. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* Grammar ụmụ akwụkwọ nke Cornish nke oge a. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* 1000 Years of Cornish (Mbipụta nke Abụọ). Teere ha Tavaz, Mahunyes, 1994
* *Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nke Cornish nke Oge A*. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* *Tavaz a Ragadazow - Asụsụ Ndị Nna m.* Teere ha Tavaz, Mahunyes. 2000.
* Ọdịdị Cornish nke Oge A. Teer ha Tavaz, Mahunyes. 2003.
* Asụsụ nke ndị nna anyị Cornish. Njikọ Asụsụ Cornish. 2009.

## Hụkwa

* Agan Tavas
* Ken George
* Henry Jenner
* Robert Morton Nance
* Dolly Pentreath
* Nicholas Williams

## Ihe odide
Ken George

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|313x313px|Kenneth J. George, May 2006
Kenneth John George bụ onye Britain na-amụmụ oké osimiri, onye na-ede uri, na onye na-amụ akwụkwọ.[1]  A mara ya dị ka onye àmà Kernewek Kemmyn, orthography maka Asụsụ Cornish e mere ka ọ dịghachi ndụ nke ọ na-azọrọ na ọ na-ekwesị ihu obi na-eme Middle Cornish ụzọ onye bu ya ụzọ, (Unified Cornish).

George.  Mbipụta nke egwuregwu Middle Cornish ọhụrụ a ngwa Bewnans Ke bụ nke Cornish Language Board edi na Mee 2006. [1] George natara otuto maka ọrụ a na 2007 Holyer an Gof awards.  Ọ ọtụtụ ukwe na abụ n'asụsụ Cornish, yana okwu nke The Magic Flute.  O dere ọtụtụ uri na Cornish egwuregwu, egwuregwu zuru oke Flogholeth, n'ụdị Ordinaria.

George bi na Cornwall.  Tinyere Bekee, ọ na-asụrụ Briten, French na Cornish.  George bụbu onye isi nkuzi na enyemaka mmiri na Institute of Marine Studies na Mahadum Plymouth.

E mere George ka ọ bụrụ Bard nke Gorsedh Kernow na 1979, na-ewere Aha Bardic Profus an Mortyd ('Onye spot mmiri').  Nke a ụzọ otu n'ime ihe ndị na-achọpụta ya na oceanography, nke ọzọ bụ modeling ọnụ ọgụgụ.  O nwere ihe akwụkwọ akwụkwọ iri ise n'iji oceanographic, akwụkwọ nkuzi Tides for Marine Studies, nke rere ihe ọmụmụ 1000.

George bụ onye isi oche nke Kesva an Taves Kernewek (Cornish Language Board) nke bụ otu na- aha Cornish..

George lara ezumike nká n'oge na 2006, ma kemgbe ọ mụtara asụsụ Japanese zuru ezu iji soro ndị mmadụ nwee mkparịta ụka dị mfe na nleta na Japan. Ọ na-amụta Spanish ugbu a.

## Ihe odide
 
Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Edmund Henry Hambly

Dr Edmund Henry Tregothwyn Hambly MRCS;  FRCS;  MB BS;  LRCP (24 Machị 1914 - 9 Machị 1985), bụ onye nwe na-awa ahụ na Britain, onye agha ndị Labor Party na Liberal Party na onye na-akwado nchekwa nke Asụsụ Cornish..

## Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga
Ebe Hambly na Port Isaac, Cornwall, nwa Edmund Hambly na-enye Gertrude Mary Hotten na nwa Henry Albert Hambly na-ekiri ya Anne née Trevan.  Ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Blundell's School.  Ọ mụrụ Elizabeth Mary Cadbury, onye bụkwa nna.  Ha nwere ụmụ anọ, nwa nwanyị na ụmụ nwoke atọ.  Ọ bụ onye otu Society of Friends .  [1] Ọ kwagara Buckinghamshire n'afọ ndị 1940. E mere ya Onye nweere onwe ya nke obodo London.[2]  O kwuru na ọ bụ onye ikpeazụ alụnụ nke na-asṄaa Cornish.[3]  Ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'ịghaghachighachi Cornish.  Ọ bụ, n'otu oge, Bard "Gwas Arthur" na Cornish Gorsedd. 

## Ọrụ ọkachamara
Hambly ruru eru dị ka mark na 1937 mgbe ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na St Bartholomew.  Ọ natara Fellowship nke Royal Colleges of Surgeons na 1938. ahụ gbochiri ya isonyere ndị agha na agha ụwa nke abụọ.  Ọ bụ uru na-awa ahụ n'okporo ụzọ Harley.  Ọ bụ onye isi isi na ịwa ahụ ọkpụkpụ na Westminster Hospital na Royal National Orthopedic Hospital n'oge agha ahụ.  O nwere iche iche na nchekwa na ọkpụkpụ azụ nke ndị agha ahụ.  Mgbe agha ahụ ahụike, a na-ahụ ya ka ọ bụrụ onye na-ahụ maka ịwa ahụ na Prince of Wales Hospital, Tottenham, Royal Hospital, Richmond na Acton Hospital.  Ọ bụ ọrụ ruo 1969 mgbe a manyere ya ịla ezumike nká n'ihi ọrịa.[1]  Ọ bụ Liveryman nke Worshipful Society of Apothecaries.  Ọ bụkwa onye ọrụ ugbo na Cornwall . 

## Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị
Hambly sonyeere ndị otu Labour Party.  N'afọ 1946, mgbaàmà ya na London County Council na- anya Lewisham East.  A nsogbu ya ka ọ bụrụ osote Oga oche nke kọmitii nhazi obodo na mba.  N'akwa a, o keere òkè dị ukwuu na nri nke London mgbe agha biri.[1]  N'afọ 1949, a mgbaàmà ya ka ọ nọchite anya Lewisham South ma gaa n'ihu na-eme ya ruo mgbe e wepụrụ LCC n'afọ 1965. Ọhịa dị ka onye kansụl nke Labour Party ruo n'ọzọ Ọgọstụ afọ 1961 mgbe ọ gbara arụkwaghịm na pati ahụ, ma jee ozi n'oge maka dị ka onye Liberal onye[3] Onye Liberal onye[3]  Falmouth na Camborne nke Cornwall na 1964 General Election.  Ọ bụghị onye omeiwu ọzọ.

### Ihe ndekọ ntuli aka

## Ihe odide