Ụmụ nwanyị na-eme ihe ike

Radical ụmụ nwanyị

ỤMỤ NWANYỊ RADICAL 

Nhazi 1967

Onye guzobere clara Fraser, Gloria 

Martin, Melba Windoffer

Susan ster

,

Tọrọ ntọala Seattle, wa

Isi ụlọ ọrụ Seattle., wa

Radical Women (**RW**) bụ òtù ndị inyom nke American socialist  nke na-arụ ọrụ na Freedom Socialist Party. O nwere alaka na Seattle, Washington, na Melbourne, Australia.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Radical Women pụtara na Seattle site na klas "Free University" na Women and Society nke Gloria Martin duziri,  onye ọchịchị Kọmunist na onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ.  N'ihi klas ahụ, Martin sonyeere Clara Fraser  na Melba Windoffer (ndị malitere Freedom Socialist Party) na Susan Stern (onye ama ama na Students for a Democratic Society) iji malite Radical Women na 1967. 

Radical Women sonyere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na mmegide agha Vietnam, ma megide ntinye aka agha nke mba ndị dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ malitere.

Ndị otu ahụ sooro ụmụ nwanyị Africa-America rụọ ọrụ site na mmemme mgbochi ịda ogbenye iji malite usoro ikike ite ime na Washington State na njem akụkọ ihe mere eme na capitol na 1969. 

Na mbido afọ 1970, RW nyere aka ịhazi ọgbaghara na njikọ nke ndị ọrụ na-akwụ ụgwọ dị ala (karịsịa ụmụ nwanyị) na Mahadum Washington.

Mgbe ya na Freedom Socialist Party (FSP) rụkọchara ọrụ, Radical Ụmụ nwanyị na ndị otu aa.  

Ọtụtụ ndị otu Radical Women rụrụ ọrụ ma hazie ọrụ ndị na-abụghị omenala. Na ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ ọha na eze nke Seattle, Seattle City Light, a kpọrọ Clara Fraser ka ọ rụọ ọrụ ma tinye atụmatụ mbụ nke mba ahụ n'ọrụ iji zụọ ụmụ nwanyị dị ka ndị na-ahụ maka ọkụ eletrik. Mmadụ atọ ndị ọzọ so na Radical Women, Megan Cornish, Heidi Durham, na Teri Bach, sonyere na mmemme ahụ wee gaa n'ihu bụrụ ụfọdụ n'ime ụmụ nwanyị eletrik mbụ na mba ahụ. Otú ọ dị, izu ole na ole tupu mmemme ahụ amalite, Fraser sonyere na ngagharị iwe megide iwu ọhụrụ nke onye nlekọta City Light Gordon Vickery nyere, nke mere ka mmekọrịta ya na ndị isi ya sie ike. Mgbe ọzụzụ ha gasịrị, a chụrụ Cornish, Durham, na Bach n'ọrụ na 1975 n'omume a hụrụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu dị ka mmegwara megide onwe ha na Fraser. Ụmụ nwanyị atọ ahụ tinyere akwụkwọ na-ebo ebubo ịkpa ókè n'ihi mmekọahụ, mgbe otu afọ gachara, ụlọ ikpe kpebiri na ha ga-akwado ha ma nye iwu ka e weghachite ha. A chụpụkwara Fraser n'ọrụ n'afọ 1975, o tinyere akwụkwọ ikpe nke ya na-ebo ebubo ịkpa ókè na-adabere na mmekọahụ na Echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Mgbe afọ asaa nke agha iwu na nnukwu mkpọsa mmekọrịta ọha na eze gasịrị, Fraser meriri mweghachi ya na City Light. 

N'afọ 1991, ndị otu abụọ nke Radical Women, Heidi Durham na Yolanda Alaniz, gbara ọsọ maka Seattle City Council dị ka ndị otu FSP. Ha abụọ mere mkpọsa ọnụ maka arịrịọ maka ego a na-enye ezinụlọ ndị dara ogbenye, ikike mmekọrịta ụlọ maka di na nwunye na-enwe mmekọahụ, na nchịkwa obodo nke ndị uwe ojii. Alaniz gara n'ihu na ntuli aka n'ozuzu ma jiri pasent 21 nke votu mechie.

## Ebumnuche na echiche
*The Radical Women Manifesto: Socialist Feminist Theory, Program and Organizational Structure*  na-akọwa ebumnuche na echiche nke Radical Women dị ka ndị a:Radical Women raara onwe ya nye ikpughe, iguzogide, na iwepụ ikpe na-ezighị ezi nke ịdị adị ụmụ nwanyị. Iji rụzuo ọrụ a Nke insuring lanarị maka mmekọahụ dum, anyị aghaghị n'otu oge lebara onwe anyị anya na-elekọta mmadụ na ihe onwunwe isi iyi nke mmekọahụ. The capitlist maka nke mmepụta na nkesa nke ngwaahịa, e ji mara intrinsic klas, agbụrụ, mmekọahụ an. Mgbe anyị na-arụ ọrụ maka mgbanwe mgbanwe nke isi obodo n'ime ọha mmadụ Socialist, anyị na-arụ ọrụ maka ụwa nke mmadụ niile nwere ike ịnụ ụtọ ikike nke mmadụ zuru oke na nnwere onwe pụọ na ịda ogbenye, ịkpa ókè agbụrụ agha, ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, mmekọahụ, homophobia, ịkpọasị na mmegbu Radical Women na-ewere ọtụtụ agbụrụ, ọtụtụ okwu, ndị na-arụ ọrụ na ụzọ na-emegide ndị isi obodo maka Nnwere onwe ụmụ nwanyị. Ọ na-akwado ite ime n'efu na arịrịọ, njedebe nke ịmanye ụmụ nwanyị na-acha ọbara ọbara, na maka nlekọta ụmụaka dị ọnụ ala, nke dị mma, awa 24. Mgbalị ndị mbụ gụnyere Action Childcare Coalition, Feminist Coordinating Council (otu nzukọ nke mejupụtara ụdị ụmụ nwanyị niile dị na Seattle), na Coalition for Protective Legislation (mgbalị ọrụ na nke ụmụ nwanyị iji gbasaa nchebe ebe ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị họpụtara maka ụmụ nwoke mgbe Washington State Equal Rights Amendment gafere).

Radical Women arụwo ọrụ dị mkpa na mgba maka nnwere onwe ụmụ nwanyị / nwoke / ụmụ nwoke / ụmụ nwanyị / ụmụ nwanyị. Ndị otu enyerela aka iwulite òtù ndị na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru ụmụ nwanyị / ndị na-eme enyi nwoke ma tinye aka n'ọtụtụ njikọ aka na-egbochi nyocha ọrịa AIDS, na-emegide mwakpo igbe ntuli aka na ikike nwoke idina nwoke, na-agba mbọ maka iwu ikike nwoke idine nwoke, na ihe ndị ọzọ. N'afọ 1980, onye ndú Radical Women Merle Woo, onye nkuzi kọleji, onye edemede na onye na-ekwuchitere ụmụ nwanyị Asia America, meriri ikpe megide Mahadum California na Berkeley, nke chụpụrụ ya, na-ebo ebubo ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, mmekọahụ, na echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

### Ebe ndebe ihe ochie

* Freedom Socialist Party Seattle Branch Records, 1984-1992. 3.14 cubic feet. Na Labor Archives nke Washington, Mahadum nke Washington Ọbá Akwụkwọ Special Collections.
* Freedom Socialist Party National Office (Seattle) Records, 1976-1998. 3.09 cubic feet. Na Labor Archives nke Washington, Mahadum nke Washington Ọbá Akwụkwọ Special Collections.
* Radical Women Seattle Office Records, 1991-1997. 0.37 cubic feet. Na Labor Archives nke Washington, Mahadum nke Washington Ọbá Akwụkwọ Special Collections.
* Radical Women National Office (Seattle) Records, 1976-1998. 1.28 cubic feet. Na Labor Archives nke Washington, Mahadum nke Washington Ọbá Akwụkwọ Special Collections.
* Akwụkwọ Melba Windoffer, 1910-1993. 7.42 cubic feet. Na Labor Archives nke Washington, Mahadum nke Washington Ọbá Akwụkwọ Special Collections.
* Megan Cornish Papers, 1970-2003. 10.26 cubic feet. Na Labor Archives nke Washington, Mahadum nke Washington Ọbá Akwụkwọ Special Collections.
* Clara Fraser Papers, 1905-1998, 36.70 cubic feet. Na Labor Archives nke Washington, Mahadum nke Washington Ọbá Akwụkwọ Special Collections.
* Heidi Durham Papers and Oral History Interviews, 1937-2017, 1.57 cubic feet. Na Labor Archives nke Washington, Mahadum nke Washington Ọbá Akwụkwọ Special Collections.

### Isiokwu na ajụjụ ọnụ

* Megan Cornish, Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project, 2005.
* Megan Cornish Ajụjụ ọnụ na Nicole Grant na Alex Morrow, October 20, 2005, *YouTube*, bulite site na Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project, September 9, 2016, Megan Cornsh - YouTubeMegan Cornish - YouTube
* Megan Cornish, Conor Casey, na Ellie Belew Ajụjụ ọnụ na Mike Dumovich, "Anyị na-arụ ọrụ," *KSVR*, February 22, 2019.
* Nicole Grant, Challenging Sexism at City Light: The Electrical Trades Trainee Program, Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project, 2006.
* Ellie Belew Ajụjụ ọnụ na Mimi Rosenberg, *YouTube*, nke Radical Women bulite - U.S., bulite na Machị 28. 2019, Nnukwu Ụtọ WOMEN: Ajụjụ ọnụ & slideshowNnukwu vootu WOMEN: Ajụjụ ọnụ & slideshow

### Akwụkwọ

* The Radical Women Manifesto: Socialist Feminist Theory, Program, and Organizational Structure, Red Letter Press, 2001
* Ellie Belew, High Voltage Women: Breaking Barriers at Seattle City Light, Red Letter Press, 2019.
* Gloria Martin, Socialist Feminism: The First Decade, 1966-76, Freedom Socialist Publications, 1986

### Ihe ndị ọzọ

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Radical Women
* Freedom Socialist Party, ndị mmekọ
* University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections - Vietnam War Era Ephemera Nchịkọta a nwere akwụkwọ mpịakọta na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị e kesara na Mahadum Washington campus n'ime iri afọ nke 1960s na 1970s. Gụnyere ihe ndị na-adịghị adịte aka sitere na Radical Women na Freedom Socialist Party.
* Akwụkwọ Ụmụ nwanyị Na-eme Ihe Ike
* Akụkọ sitere na U.S. 2008 Radical Women Conference nyere na International Museum of Women.

## Hụkwa

* Òtù Nnwere Onwe
* Clara Fraser
* Heidi Durham
* Megan Cornish
* Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụmụ nwanyị
* Nkwado ụmụ nwanyị Marxist
* Ọchịchị ụmụ nwanyị

## Ihe edeturu