Nina Crummy

**Nina Crummy** bụ onye Britain na-amụ banyere ihe ochie na ihe ndị e gwupụtara n'ala (obere ihe ndị a chọtara), ọkachasị nke ọdịbendị ihe onwunwe nke Rom.

## Ọrụ
Crummy gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Keele  ma na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ọkachamara n'ihe nchọpụta ihe ochie.   bụbu Archaeological Archive Manager na Museum of London, [1] ebe o nyere aka mepụta ụkpụrụ nke Museum maka itinye ihe nchọpụta ihe ochie. [2]  wusiri ihe ncheta ihe ochie nke London ike, nke dị na Lever Street, onye bu ụzọ na London Archaeological Archive & Research Centre (LAARC). [1] [2]  nwere mmekọrịta ogologo oge na Mahadum nke Reading, dị ka onye nyocha na-eleta na Ngalaba nke Archaeology [1] na dị ka onye ndụmọdụ na Silchester Town Life Project. [2] [3]  họpụtara ya n'oge gara aga dị ka onye otu Society of Antiquaries nke London. [1] [2]

 dere ọtụtụ akụkọ ihe ochie na akwụkwọ gbasara obere nchọpụta, site na nchịkọta ebe ruo ihe ndị dị n'otu n'otu. A maara ya maka ọrụ ya na obere nchọpụta sitere na Roman Colchester (Camulodunum)  na Roman Silchester (Calleva Atrebatum).  onyiny maka ọmụmụ ihe ndị e ji eme ihe gụnyere ndị dị na ngwá ọrụ ụlọ mposi ndị Rom [1] na imepụta ihe ndị e mere n'ọkpụkpụ ndị Rom. [2] [3] Akwụkwọ , The Roman Small Finds from Excavations in Colchester 1971-9, [1] akọwaala dị ka 'bible nke ndị Rom chọtara ụwa na Britain' site n'aka onye ọkà mmụta ihe ochie ma chọta ọkachamara Hillary Cool. [2]

## Ụdị Ọrụ Crummy maka Obere Nchọpụta
Akwụkwọ Crummy bipụtara The Roman Small Finds from Excavations in Colchester 1971-9 [1] bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ nyochara ma gosipụta ihe ndị e gwupụtara n'ala (obere ihe ndị a chọtara) n'ime 'ọrụ' ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụdị 'ihe'.   bụ ezie na a na-enyo usoro nkewa a enyo, maka ime ka ọtụtụ ọrụ ihe dị mfe, ọ ka nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu karịsịa n'ime nkà mmụta ihe ochie nke Rom na Britain.

Isiokwu nke ụdị ọrụ bụ: Nkeji 1: Ihe ịchọ mma onwe onye ma ọ bụ uwe; Nkeji 2: Ụlọ mposi, ịwa ahụ ma ọ bụ ọgwụ; Nkeji 3: Ihe eji emepụta ma ọ bụ rụọ ọrụ nke akwa; Nkeji 4: Ngwá ụlọ na oche; Nkeji 5: Ihe eji eme ihe ntụrụndụ; Nkeji 6: Ihe eji eme arọ na ịtụle; Nkeji 7: Ihe eji eme ma ọ bụ jikọta ya na nkwukọrịta edere ede; Nkeji 8: Ihe ndị metụtara njem. ***'''Nkeji nke 12*****: Ụlọ na ọrụ; Nkebi nke 10: Ngwá Ọrụ; Nkebi ya nke 11: Ihe nkedo na ihe nkedo; Nkebi na 12: Ihe ndị metụtara ọrụ ugbo, ọrụ ugbo na anụ ụlọ. Ụdị 13: Ngwá agha. Ihe nchoputa dika ngwá agha, ihe eji eme ihe agha, ihe ndi agha nwere njikọ, na ọtụmọkpọ nke ndi agha nwere ike iji mee ihe; *****Nkebi nke 17****': Ihe ndi metụtara nkwenkwe na omume okpukpe; Nkebi ya: Ihe na ihe mkpofu metụtara ọrụ ígwè; Nkebi na 16: Ihe na ihe omimi metụtara mpi, mpi, ọkpụkpụ, na ezé; Nkebi 17: Ihe na ihe ndị mkpofu metụtara imepụta arịa ite ma ọ bụ ihe pipeclay; Nkebi 18: Ihe ndị ọrụ ha amaghị ma ọ bụ njirimara ha.

== Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ ==

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 'A chronology of Roman-British bone pins'. Britannia 10: 157-163
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 'Ịrụ ọrụ na Colchester'. Britannia 12: 277-285
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Obere Nchọpụta Ndị Rom site na Nchọpụta na Colchester 1971-9. Colchester: Colchester Archaeological Trust
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 'Site na afọ ojuju onwe onye gaa na azụmahịa: ihe akaebe na-egosi na ọ bụ ihe akaebe maka imepụta akwa n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ England n'oge tupu mmeri. Na: D. G. Koslin & J. Snyde (ed.). Izute akwa na uwe oge ochie: Ihe, ederede, ihe oyiyi. Basingstoke: Palgrave
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 'Ndị ikom isii na-eje ozi n'eziokwu: Usoro bụ isi maka ọmụmụ nke obere nchọpụta'. Na: R. Hingley & S. Willis (ed.). *Nchọpụta ndị Rom: ihe gbara ya gburugburu na echiche; usoro nke nzukọ e nwere na Mahadum Durham, July 2002*. Oxford: Oxbow
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 'Bears na mkpụrụ ego: Ihe oyiyi nke nchedo na olili ụmụaka Rom. Britannia 41: 37-93
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 'Njem na njem'. Na: L. Allason-Jones (ed). *Ihe ndị e ji rụọ na Rom Britain: Ebumnuche na Ojiji Ha*. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 46-67
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 'Ngwa mmiri: Ihe nnọchianya nke enweghị nkwenye? '. *Oxford Journal of Archaeology* 35.3: 285-293
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 'Ihe ọkpụkpụ na-arụ ọrụ na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Rom Britain'. Na: D. Bird (ed). Ọrụ ugbo na ụlọ ọrụ na South-East Roman Britain. Oxford: Oxbow Books: 255-281
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 'Otu nchọta'. Na: M. Fulford, A. Clarke, E. Durham & N. Pankhurst. *Late Iron Age Calleva: The Pre-conquest Occupation na Silchester Insula IX*

Akwụkwọ ndị edepụtara edepụtara edepụta

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 2005. *Foto, Ọrụ na Ụwa Ọdịnala: Essays in Honour of Donald Bailey and Catherine Johns''. Akwụkwọ bụ́ Instrumentum 29. Ugwu: Maazị Mergoil

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Igwupụta nke ili ozu ndị Rom na ndị ọzọ, Chọọchị na Ebe Ndị Mọnk na Colchester, 1971-88. Colchester: Colchester Archaeological Trust
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 'A black mineral amulet si n'ebe ili ozu nke Colchester. Britannia 51
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ihe nrite ndị agha, ọla na mkpụrụ ego sitere na Colchester. Britannia 47: 1-28
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ịhazi ahụ na Late Iron Age na Roman Britain: A Contextual Approach to toile Instruments. Monagnac: Instrumentum Monograph

## Ihe odide

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ