Mohamed Choukri

**Mohamed Choukri** (Arabic: **محمد شكري**, Berber **: ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴻⴷ ⵛⵓⴽⵔⵉ** ) (15 Julaị 1935) – 15 Nọvemba 2003) bụ onye edemede na onye edemede Moroccan bụ onye amara nke ọma maka akụkọ akụkọ ndụ ya nke mba ụwa *maka achịcha naanị* ( *al-Khubz al-Hafi* ), nke onye America na-ede egwuregwu Tennessee Williams kọwara dị ka “ezigbo akwụkwọ nke enweghị olileanya mmadụ, na-akụda ya. mmetụta ya".

A mụrụ Choukri na 1935 na Ayt Chiker (Ayt Chiker, ya mere aha ezinụlọ ya a nabatara: **Choukri** / **Chikri** ), obere obodo dị na ugwu Rif na mpaghara Nador, Morocco. A zụlitere ya n'ezinụlọ dara ogbenye. Ọ gbapụrụ n'aka nna ya aka ike wee ghọọ nwa na-enweghị ebe obibi bi na ógbè ndị dara ogbenye nke Tangier, nke nhụjuanya, ịgba akwụna, ime ihe ike na ịṅụ ọgwụ ọjọọ gbara gburugburu. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ, o kpebiri ịmụta otú e si agụ na otú e si ede ma mesịa ghọọ onye nkụzi. Aha ezinụlọ ya Choukri jikọtara ya na aha Ayt Chiker nke bụ ụyọkọ ebo Berber nke o nwere tupu ọ gbanahụrụ agụụ gaa Tangier. O yikarịrị ka ọ nakweere aha a mgbe e mesịrị na Tangier n'ihi na n'ime ime obodo Rif aha ezinụlọ adịkarịghị edebanye aha.

Na 1960, na cosmopolitan Tangier, ọ zutere Paul Bowles, Jean Genet na Tennessee Williams . E bipụtara ihe odide mbụ nke Choukri na *Al Adab* (nyocha Beirut kwa ọnwa) na 1966,  akụkọ akpọrọ "Al-Unf ala al-shati" (" Ime ihe ike n'akụkụ osimiri"). Ọganihu mba ụwa bịara na ntụgharị asụsụ Bekee nke *Al-khoubz Al-Hafi* ( *Maka achịcha naanị*, Akwụkwọ Telegram) nke Paul Bowles dere na 1973. Tahar Ben Jelloun sụgharịrị akwụkwọ a n'asụsụ French na 1980 (Éditions Maspero), nke e bipụtara n'asụsụ Arabic na 1982 ma nyochaa na Morocco site na 1983 ruo 2000. E mechara sụgharịa akwụkwọ ahụ n’asụsụ iri atọ.

## Afọ mbụ
A mụrụ Mohamed Choukri na ezinụlọ dara ogbenye na Had, Bni Chiker na mpaghara Rif nke Morocco, n'oge ụnwụ nri. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ ụmụaka ma nwee nna na-eme ihe ike, na-eme ihe ike. Asụsụ ala nna ya bụ Riffian, olumba nke asụsụ Amazigh . N'ịgbanahụ ịda ogbenye, ezinụlọ ya kwagara n'obodo Tétouan wee kwaga Tangier. N'ime afọ ndị ntorobịa ya, Choukri rụrụ ọtụtụ ọrụ iji dị ndụ, gụnyere ijere ezinụlọ France ozi na Rif nke French Algeria, na ndị na-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri bịarutere Tangier, na-achịkwa ịmụ Spanish n'ụzọ ahụ. Ọ chọtara onwe ya na ndị akwụna, ndị ohi na ndị na-ebubata mmadụ. Otú ọ dị, ọnọdụ dị n'ụlọ adịghị mma, nna ya bụ onye obi tara mmiri, Choukri boro ya ebubo na o gburu nwunye ya na nwanne ya nwoke nke nta Kader. Mgbe esemokwu ezinụlọ gasịrị, ọ hapụrụ ha mgbe ọ dị afọ 11, bi n'okporo ámá Tangier, na-eme njem iji dị ndụ, na mgbe ụfọdụ na-amalite ịkwaga na ịgba akwụna. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ, ọ hụrụ onye dị njikere ịkụziri ya ka e si agụ na otú e si ede ihe.

## Mgbe e mesịrị ndụ
Choukri kwenyere na ya echekwala ihe kacha ya mkpa: ebe obibi mgbe ọ nwụsịrị maka ọrụ edemede ya.

Nkwenye na ọgbụgba ndụ ikpeazụ ya, bụ nke ọ hapụrụ ala ya niile na ntọala nke ndị isi ise ga-arụkọ ọrụ: "Mgbe Choukri nwụsịrị, akwụkwọ a kwụsịrị n'enweghị ihe ọ bụla," ka Roberto de Hollanda, onye bụ onye na-ede akwụkwọ na-ekwu. ruo ọtụtụ afọ.

Ịchebe akwụkwọ edemede ya bụ ihe kacha mkpa nye Choukri, ma e debereghị nkwa ndị e kwere ya: "Mkpebi ahụ bụ ma ọ ga-enye ya na mahadum Europe ma ọ bụ nke America ma ọ bụ na-enyefe ya n'aka ụlọ ọrụ Moroccan." onye na-ede akwụkwọ na-akọwa.

Choukri họọrọ nhọrọ Moroccan. Otu ihe kpatara ya bụ na ụjọ tụrụ ya na gọọmenti nwere ike ịkwụsị inye ndị mba ọzọ ikike ịrụ ọrụ ya dị oké ọnụ ahịa. N'aka nke ọzọ, ọ ga-abụ ihe ihere karịsịa inye ha otu n'ime mba ndị na-achịbu ma na-emegbu Morocco. 

## Ihe nkiri
*N'ihi na Bread Alone* emegharịrị ka ọ bụrụ ihe nkiri site na Rachid Benhadj, na mmepụta Italian-French-Algerian na 2004. O nwere kpakpando Said Taghmaoui . Emere ihe nkiri ahụ na mbipụta mbụ nke Ememme Casablanca na 2005.

## Nkwupụta okwu
   

## Na-arụ ọrụ

* *Maka achịcha naanị*, 1973
* *Ụlọ ntu ahụ*, akụkọ mkpirisi, 1985
* *Oge mmejọ*, nke a na-akpọkwa "Streetwise" 1992
* *Jean Genet na Tennessee Williams na Tanger*, 1992
* *Jean Genet na Tanger*, 1993
* *Madman nke Roses*, Akụkọ mkpirisi 1993
* *Jean Genet, Suite na Ọgwụgwụ*, 1996
* *Zoco Chico*, 1996
* *Ihu*, 1996
* *Ahịa nke ime*, 1997
* *Paul Bowles, na Reclus de Tanger*, 1997

### Nchịkọta na Bekee

* *Akụkọ banyere Tangier*, trans. Jonas Elbousty (Yale University Press, 2023)

## Hụkwa
 

* Akwụkwọ akụkọ Moroccan

## Edensibia

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ

* ''Mohamed Choukri, 1935-2003'', Oussama Zekri, (French)
* "Le pain nu de Mohamed Choukri: une lecture plurielle", pa Salah NATIJ, na webụsaịtị Ma'duba / Invitation à l'adab (French)
* ''Le pain nu de Mohamed Choukri et l'aventure de la traduction'', par Salah NATIJ, in website Ma'duba / Invitation à l'adab (French)
* Hassan Daoud, ''L'homme qui savait ce qu'écrire veut dire'', (French)
* ''Le poète aux pieds nus'', Hanan Kassab-Hassan, (French)
* ''L'enfant egwu de la littérature arabe et écrivain maudit'', Hicham Raji, (French)
* ''Mohamed Choukri'' Biography nke Kenneth Lisenbee (Bekee)
* ''Obituary, Mohamed Choukri, Madman of the Roses'', Nọvemba 2003, (Bekee)