Carolyn Bertozzi

**Carolyn Ruth Bertozzi** (amuru Ọktoba 10, 1966) bu onye America chemist na Nobel laureate, nke amara maka oru ya buru ibu nke gbasara ma kemistri na bayoloji. Ọ chepụtara okwu ahụ bụ " kemịkalụ bioorthogonal "  maka mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ dabara na sistemu ndụ. Mgbalị ya na nso nso a gụnyere njikọ nke ngwa kemịkalụ iji mụọ shuga dị n'elu cell a na-akpọ glycans yana otu ha si emetụta ọrịa dịka kansa, mbufụt, na ọrịa nje dị ka COVID-19 .  Na Mahadum Stanford, ọ na-ejide Anne T. na Robert M. Bass Prọfesọ na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ nke Humanities na Sciences.  Bertozzi bụkwa onye nyocha na Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI)  ma bụrụ onye bụbu onye isi ụlọ ọrụ Molecular Foundry, ụlọ ọrụ nyocha nanoscience na Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory . 

Ọ natara ihe nrite MacArthur "genius" mgbe ọ dị afọ 33.  Na 2010, ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ nwetara ihe nrite ngalaba Lemelson – MIT Prize . Ọ bụ onye so na National Academy of Sciences (2005), Institute of Medicine (2011), na National Academy of Inventors (2013). Na 2014, a mara ọkwa na Bertozzi ga-edu *ACS Central Science*, American Chemical Society 's first peer-reviewed open access journal, nke na-enye ọdịnaya niile n'efu na ọha.  Kemgbe 2021 ọ bụbu onye otu Accademia dei Lincei .  Dị ka nwanyị nwanyị mepere emepe na agụmakwụkwọ na sayensị, Bertozzi abụrụla ihe nlereanya maka ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị ọrụ ibe ya.  

## Agụmakwụkwọ
Carolyn Bertozzi nwetara BA, *summa cum laude*, na kemịkalụ si Mahadum Harvard, ebe ya na Prọfesọ Joe Grabowski na-arụ ọrụ na nhazi na iwu nke calorimeter fotoacoustic.  Ọrụ ya masịrị Grabowski ma chọọ ka Bertozzi dee akụkọ banyere ọrụ a, bụ nke e debere na Bertozzi jiri nnukwu ego nrite nweta ihe nrite Thomas T. Hoopes Undergraduate Thesis Prize .  Mgbe ọ na-agụsị akwụkwọ na-agụghị akwụkwọ, ọ na-egwuri egwu n'ọtụtụ ìgwè, karịsịa Bored of Education na Rage Against the Machine guitarist Tom Morello .   Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Harvard na 1988, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Bell Labs na Chris Chidsey. 

## Ọrụ na nyocha
Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Berkeley na Ph.D., Bertozzi bụ onye ọrụ postdoctoral na Mahadum California, San Francisco (UCSF) na Steven Rosen, bụ ebe ọ mụrụ ọrụ nke endothelial oligosaccharides n'ịkwalite adhesion cell na saịtị mbufụt .   Mgbe ya na Rosen na-arụ ọrụ na UCSF, Bertozzi nwere ike gbanwee protein na sugar molecules na mgbidi nke mkpụrụ ndụ dị ndụ ka mkpụrụ ndụ na-anabata ihe ndị mba ọzọ dị ka ntinye. 

Na 1996 Bertozzi ghọrọ onye nkuzi na UC Berkeley College of Chemistry  na onye ọkà mmụta sayensị na Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nduzi nke Molecular Foundry .   Ọ bụ onye nyocha na HHMI kemgbe 2000.  Na 1999, mgbe ya na HHMI na-arụ ọrụ na Berkeley, o hiwere ngalaba nke kemịkalụ bioorthogonal wee chepụta okwu ahụ na 2003.    Mpaghara ọhụrụ a na usoro a na-enye ndị na-eme nchọpụta ohere iji kemịkal gbanwee mkpụrụ ndụ dị n'ime ihe ndị dị ndụ ma ghara ịkwụsị usoro nke cell.  Na 2015, Bertozzi kwagara na Mahadum Stanford iji sonye na CheM-H Institute. 

## Ndụ onwe onye
Bertozzi tolitere na Lexington, Massachusetts, ada Norma Gloria (Berringer) na William Bertozzi.  Nna ya bụ onye Ịtali .   Nne na nna nne ya si Nova Scotia, Canada .  O nwere ụmụnne nwanyị abụọ, otu n'ime ha, Andrea Bertozzi, nọ na ngalaba mgbakọ na mwepụ na Mahadum California, Los Angeles .  Nna ya bụ prọfesọ physics na Massachusetts Institute of Technology .  

Bertozzi na ụmụnne ya nwanyị abụọ tolitere gburugburu sayensị. N'ihi na nna ha bụ prọfesọ physics, mgbe a jụrụ ya ihe ya na ụmụnne ya nwanyị chọrọ ịbụ mgbe ha tolitere, azịza ya bụ otu onye: ọkà mmụta sayensị nuklia. Ụmụ agbọghọ atọ ahụ ga-aga ogige MIT, dịka nna ha rọrọ nrọ na ha ga-aga MIT n'ihi "ngwakọta mpako na nkwa nke nkuzi n'efu." O wutere William, Carolyn gara Harvard kama n'ihi na ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ nyere ike na-abụghị naanị sayensị. 

Bertozzi tụlere obere oge ọrụ na egwu. N'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ọ meriri ọtụtụ ihe nrite maka nhazi egwu na mmezu egwu. Nkà ya na kiiboodu nwetara onyinye ya dị ka onye isi egwu sitere na egwu egwu mahadum dị iche iche, mana ọ chere na ọ "na-elekwasị anya mgbe niile na sayensị".  Bertozzi bụ nwanyị nwanyị nwere mmasị nwanyị na ọ nọla kemgbe ngwụcha 1980s. 

## Ntụaka
mgbe a jụrụ ya ihe ya na ụmụnne ya nwanyị chọrọ ịbụ mgbe ha tolitere, azịza ya bụ otu onye: ọkà mmụta sayensị nuklia. Ụmụ agbọghọ atọ ahụ ga-aga ogige MIT, dịka nna ha rọrọ nrọ na ha ga-aga MIT n'ihi "ngwakọta

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ