Hans-Georg Gadamer

.Hans-Georg / ( German: [ ˈɡaːdamɐ ]/ ˈɡɑːdə mər / ;  ; ọnwa 11, 1900 – 13 Ma ọchịchị 2002) bụ onye ọkà ihe German nke kọntinent, nke a kacha mara amara maka 1960 magnum opus,  Eziokwu na usoro ( Wahrheit und Methode ), na hermeneutics .

. [9]Amụrụ Gadamer na Marburg, Germany, [4] nwa Johannes Gadamer (1867–1928), [5] onye prọfesọ kemịkalụ bụ onye mechara bụrụ onye isi na Mahadum Marburg .  A Ahare ya ịbụ Onye mkpuchi nke Protestant.  [1] Gadamer kparare mbo nna ya ka o webatata okike wee nwewanye ozi na ndi mmadu .  Nne ya, Emma Karoline Johanna Geiese (1869-1904) nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa shuga mgbe Hans-Georg dị apụ apụ, ma mgbochi nke a nwere ike inwe ike inwe ike na-echebe ya ịghara ụfọdụ ọrịa ọgbụgba.  Jean Grondin na-enweta Gadamer dị ka ndị n'ime nne ya "onye uri na ihe nke nta ka ọ bụrụ onyerechi na aka ire nke nna ya".  [7] Gadamer ejeghị ozi n'oge Agha Mbụ Mbụ n'ihi ihe oyiyi ahụ ike [8] ma n'otu aka ahụ a gụpụrụ ya n'ije ozi n'oge Agha nke amaghị n'ihi polio.

[11]O mechara oge ochie na nkà ihe ndị na Mahadum Breslau [10] n'okpuru Richard Hönigswald, ma n'oge na-achọ anya ọ la nwunder na Mahadum Marburg ka ya na ndị ọkà ihe onye Neo-Kantian Paul Natorp (onye nke doctoral)  tesis ) na Nicolai Hartmann ihe.  Ọ gbachitere akwụkwọ edemede ya Isi nke ụmụ na okpukpe Plato ( Das Wesen der Lust nach den Platonischen Dialogen N'afọ 1922.

. [12]N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke ahụ nri, Gadamer kwagara na Mahadum Freiburg wee malite irụ akwụkwọ na Martin Heidegger, bụ onye na-eto eto na-ekwe nkwa nke na-enweta ihe prọfesọ.  Ọ bịara nso Heidegger, na mgbe Heidegger, ndị mgbasa ozi na Marburg, Gadamer soro ya n'ebe ahụ, ebe ọ gubọn otu n'ime otu ụmụ akwụkwọ dị ka Leo Strauss, Karl Löwith, na Hannah Arendt .  Ọ bụ ike Heidegger nyere echiche Gadamer nkedo ya esere iche wee duru ya ike na ụgbọ Neo-Kanti mbụ nke Natorp na Hartmann.  Gadamer ike Aristotle n'okpuru Edmund Husserl na n'okpuru Heidegger.

. Gadamer gosiri na 1929 wee jiri ọtụtụ n'ime oge 1930s nkuzi na Marburg.  N'adịghị ka Heidegger, bụ́ onye sonyeere òtù Nazi na May 1933 ma ụmụaka dị ka onye òtù ruo mgbe e bibiri otu ahụ mgbe Agha nchọpụta nke okpukpe, Gadamer gbachiri nke na ndị Nazi, ọ naghịkwa etinye aka na ndị agha n'  oge Nazi .  Gadamer ịbanyeghị na ndị Nazi, o jeghịkwa agha n’ihi ọrịa polio o nwetara na 1922. Ọ sonyeere National Socialist Teachers League na August 1933

N'Eprel 1937 ọ na-egosi prọfesọ nwa oge na Marburg, [14] mgbe ahụ na 1938 ọ alaka prọfesọ na Mahadum Leipzig .  [1] Site na SS - echiche nke Gadamer bụ nkewa dị ka onye na-akwadoghị ma ọ bụ na-akwadoghị na " SD-Dossiers über Philosophie-Professoren" (ya bụ SD-faịlụ gbasara ndị nkuzi nkà ihe) nke SS -  Ọrụ Nchekwa (SD) banyere.  [2] N'afọ 1946, ndị agha egbochira ya na ndị Nazi si emetọ ya ma-enweta rector nke mahadum.

. [22]Agbagharala ɔkwan nsonye Gadamer na ndị Nazi n'akwa Richard Wolin [1] na Teresa Orozco.  [18] Orozco boro ebubo, n'izo aka na akwụkwọ ndị Gadamer , na Gadamer akwụkwọ ndị Nazi ọzọ ka ndị ọkà ojiji chere.  Ndị ọkà ajụjụ Gadamer jụrụla nkwuputa ndị a: Jean Grondin akwụkwọ na Orozco na-etinye aka na "ịchụ nta amoosu" [19] ebe Donatella Di Cesare kwuru na "ihe ngosi nke Orozco gbadoro ụkwụ na isi ya bụ ihe na-enweghị mma"  .  [20] Cesare na Grondin arụ ụka na ọ na-enye ohere nke antisemitism na ọrụ Gadamer, nakwa na Gadamer isi na-enwe enyi na ndị Juu ma na-enye ebe obibi maka ihe nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ abụọ maka onye ọkà ihe.  icon bụ Jacob Klein na 1933 na 1934. [21] Gadamer obia ụmụnne ya na Heidegger n'oge oge Nazi.

Communist East Germany enwekwaghị akara Gadamer n'elu Nazi Germany, ma ọ በቀላሉ West Germany, na-anata mbụ mbụ na Mahadum Goethe Frankfurt na mgbe ahụ n'elu nke Karl Jaspers na Mahadum Heidelberg na 1949. Ọ nwere na ọnọdụ a, dị ka emeritus,  ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 2002 mgbe ọ dị afọ 102. [1] [2] [3] Ọ bụkwa onye Ndụmọdụ Editorial nke akwụkwọ ndị Dionysius .  [4] Ọ bụ n'oge a ka ọ gụchara magnum opus, Truth and Method (1960), wee tinye aka na ike ya ama ama ya na Jürgen Habermas maka nhọrọ nke ịgafe ihe mere eme na omenala iji ikike ebumnobi n'  ebe nke ọ ga-esi na-akatọ ọha mmadụ.  Arụmụka ahụ njedebe, mana akara ngosi nke nwanyị n'etiti ndị ikom abụọ ahụ.  Ọ bụ Gadamer ikike ọkwa prọfesọ mbụ Habermas na Mahadum Heidelberg.

Na 1968, Gadamer hụrụ Tomonobu Imamichi maka nkuzi na Heidelberg, mana ndị ha bịara dị mma mgbe Imamichi boro ebubo na Heidegger echiche echiche nke Dasein na echiche Okakura Kakuzo nke das in-der-Welt-sein ịbụ onye nọ n'ụwa )  kwuru na Akwụkwọ Tii, nke onye nkuzi Imamichi nyere Heidegger na 1919, mgbe ya na ya sochara nkuzi n'afọ gara aga.  [1] Imamichi na Gadamer me stara afẹ anọ ka e gosiri n'oge ngosi ngosi mba ụwa.

N'afọ 1981, Gadamer gbalịrị iso Jacques Derrida na-akpakọrịta na ogbako na Paris mana ọ bụchaghị ihe nghọta n'ihi na ndị na-eche echiche abụọ ahụ nwere obere ihe jikọrọ ya. Nzukọ ikpeazụ n'etiti Gadamer na Derrida mere na Stift nke Heidelberg na Julaị 2001, nke ụmụ akwụkwọ Derrida bụ Joseph Cohen na Raphael Zagury-Orly chịkọtara. ** &#x5B; &#x5D; n'ọtụtụ ụzọ mgbanwe na nzuko nkà ihe ọmụma ha. Mgbe Gadamer nwụsịrị, Derrida kpọrọ ọdịda ha ịchọta otu n'ime mmebi iwu kachasị njọ nke ndụ ya wee kwupụta, na isi obi maka Gadamer, nkwanye ùgwù onwe ya na nkà ihe ọmụma. Richard J. Bernstein kwuru na "[a] ezi mkparịta ụka n'etiti Gadamer na Derrida enwebeghị. Nke a bụ ihe ihere n'ihi na e nwere ihe ndị dị oké mkpa na mkpa okwu na-ebilite n'etiti hermeneutics na deconstruction ". 

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Ọrụ nkà ihe ọmụma Gadamer, dị ka akọwara na *Eziokwu na Ụzọ*, bụ ịkọwapụta n'echiche nke " nkà ihe ọmụma hermeneutics ", nke Heidegger malitere ma ọ dịghị mgbe ọ na-eme ya ogologo oge. Ebumnuche Gadamer bụ ikpughe ụdị nghọta mmadụ. Na *Eziokwu na Ụzọ*, Gadamer rụrụ ụka na "eziokwu" na "ụzọ" na-emegiderịta onwe ha. Maka Gadamer, "ahụmahụ nke nkà bụ ihe atụ na ntinye ya nke eziokwu ndị a na-apụghị inweta site na usoro sayensị, na ahụmahụ a na-atụ anya na ngalaba dum nke sayensị mmadụ."  Ọ na-akatọ ụzọ abụọ na sayensị mmadụ ( *Geisteswissenschaften* ). N'otu aka ahụ, ọ na-akatọ ụzọ ọgbara ọhụrụ a ga-esi abịakwute ụmụ mmadụ bụ ndị gosipụtara onwe ha na sayensị okike, bụ ndị na-achọ naanị "n'ezie" ileba anya na nyochaa ederede na nka. N'aka nke ọzọ, o weghaara ihe gbasara omenala German na-abịaru nso na ụmụ mmadụ, na-anọchite anya ya dịka ọmụmaatụ site na Friedrich Schleiermacher na Wilhelm Dilthey, bụ ndị kwenyere na ihe ọ pụtara, dị ka ihe, nwere ike ịchọta n'ime ederede site na otu usoro nke na-enye ohere maka a. njikọ na echiche onye edemede nke mere ka e kee ederede (Schleiermacher), [33] ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ nke mere ka ọ pụta ìhè ndụ n'ime mmadụ (Diltey). [34]

Agbanyeghị, Gadamer rụrụ ụka na ọ pụtara na nghọta abụghị ihe a ga-achọta site na ụzọ ụfọdụ, kama ọ bụ ihe a na-apụghị izere ezere. [35] Hermeneutics abụghị usoro nke onye ntụgharị na-achọta otu ihe ọ pụtara, kama "mgbalị nkà ihe ọmụma iji kọwaa nghọta dị ka ontological-ontological-usoro nke mmadụ." [35] Ya mere, Gadamer anaghị enye usoro nkọwa maka otu esi aghọta, kama ọ na-arụ ọrụ iji nyochaa otú nghọta, ma nke ederede, ihe osise, ma ọ bụ ahụmahụ, ga-ekwe omume ma ọlị. Gadamer bu n'obi bụ *eziokwu na usoro* ka ọ bụrụ nkọwa nke ihe anyị na-eme mgbe anyị na-akọwa ihe (ọbụlagodi ma ọ bụrụ na anyị amaghị ya): "Echegbu m n'ezie bụ na ọ bụ nkà ihe ọmụma: ọ bụghị ihe anyị na-eme ma ọ bụ ihe anyị kwesịrị ime, ma gịnị na-eme anyị karịa ihe anyị chọrọ na ime." 
thumb|Hans-Georg Gadamer
N'ihi nyocha nwa oge Martin Heidegger banyere ịdị adị mmadụ, Gadamer rụrụ ụka na ndị mmadụ nwere ihe a na-akpọ nsụhọ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme ( *wirkungsgeschichtliches Bewußtsein* ), na na ha agbakwunyere na akụkọ ihe mere eme na omenala nke kpụrụ ha. Otú ọ dị akụkọ ihe mere eme nsụhọ bụghị ihe n'elu na megide anyị ịdị adị, ma "a iyi nke anyị na-akpali na-ekere òkè, ọ bụla omume nke nghọta." [37] Ya mere, ndị mmadụ anaghị abịa n'ihe ọ bụla e nyere na-enweghị ụdị nghọta ọ bụla nke mmiri akụkọ ihe mere eme hiwere. Omenala nke onye ntụgharị okwu guzoro na-eme ka “ajọ mbunobi” na-emetụta ka ọ ga-esi akọwa nkọwa. Maka Gadamer, ajọ mbunobi ndị a abụghị ihe na-egbochi ikike anyị ịkọwapụta, ma ha abụọ bụ ihe dị mkpa na eziokwu nke ịbụ, na "bụ ihe ndabere nke anyị nwere ike ịghọta akụkọ ihe mere eme ma ọlị." [38] Gadamer katọrọ ndị na-eche echiche Enlightenment maka inwe "ịkpọasị megide ajọ mbunobi". [39] 

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* Cercel, Larisa (ed.), ''Übersetzung und Hermeneutik / Traduction et herméneutique'', Bucharest, Zeta Akwụkwọ, 2009,  .
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* Grondin, Jean. *Hans-Georg Gadamer: Biography* trans. Joel Weinsheimer. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004.
* Kögler, Hans-Herbert. *Ike nke mkparịta ụka: Critical Hermeneutics mgbe Gadamer na Foucault* trans. Paul Hendrickson. MIT Press, 1996.
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* Wright, Kathleen ed. *Ememme Nsụgharị: Essays na Ọrụ Hans-Georg Gadamer* . Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 1990.
* P. Della Pelle, *La dimensione ontologica dell'etica in Hans-Georg Gadamer*, FrancoAngeli, Milano 2013.
* P. Della Pelle, *La filosofia di Platone nell'interpretazione di Hans-Georg Gadamer*, Vita e Pensiero, Milano 2014.

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* Works by or about Hans-Georg Gadamer at Internet Archive
* https://web.archive.org/web/20231028071030/https://www.gadamer-gesellschaft.de/en/hans-georg-gadamer-society/
* Hans-Georg Gadamer, Jeff Malpas, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
* Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900—2002), Lauren Swayne Barthold, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
* Gadamer's Hermeneutics (introductory lecture by Henk de Berg, 2015)
* Chronology (in German)
* Works by Gadamer
* Hans-Georg Gadamer: Plato as portratist
* Miguel Ángel Quintana Paz: "On Hermeneutical Ethics and Education", a paper on the relevance of Gadamer's Hermeneutics for our understanding of music, ethics and education in both.