Squamous-cell carcinoma

thumb|Isi ihe ndị na-emetụta ọrịa nke carcinoma squamous-cell
Squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC), nke a makwaara dị ka carcinoma epidermoid, nwere ọtụtụ ụdị ọrịa cancer dị iche iche na-amalite na sel squamous.Selụ ndị a na-etolite n'elu akpụkpọ ahụ, na mkpuchi nke akụkụ ahụ ndị nwere oghere dị n'ime ahụ, na mkpuchi nke iku ume na tract digestive.

Ụdị ndị a na-ahụkarị gụnyere:

* esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma: ụdị ọrịa kansa esophageel
* carcinoma squamous-cell nke akpụkpọ ahụ: ụdị ọrịa kansa akpụkpọ ahụ
* squamous-cell carcinoma nke akpa ume: ụdị ọrịa kansa akpa ume
* squamous-cell carcinoma nke akụkụ ahụ nwanyị: ụdị ọrịa kansa akụkụ ahụ nwanyị
* squamous-cell carcinoma nke thyroid: ụdị ọrịa kansa thyroid

N'agbanyeghị na-ekerịta aha "squamous-cell carcinoma", SCC nke saịtị ahụ dị iche iche nwere ike igosi ọdịiche dị na mgbaàmà ha gosipụtara, akụkọ ihe mere eme, prognosis, na nzaghachi ọgwụgwọ.

## Site n'ebe ozu dị
A na-ejikọta nje virus nke mmadụ na SCCs nke oropharynx, akpa ume, mkpịsị aka, na mpaghara anogenital.

### Ọrịa kansa isi na olu
thumb|Nnukwu carcinoma squamous-cell nke ire dị ka a hụrụ na CT imaging
Ihe dị ka 90% nke ọrịa kansa isi na olu (ọrịa cancer nke ọnụ, oghere imi, nasopharynx, akpịrị na ihe ndị metụtara ya) bụ n'ihi SCC.

### Akpụkpọ ahụ
Carcinoma akpụkpọ ahụ squamous-cell bụ ọrịa kansa akpụkpọ ahụ nke abụọ a na-ahụkarị, na-akpata ihe karịrị 1 nde na United States kwa afọ.

### Thyroid
Primary squamous-cell carcinoma nke thyroid na-egosi phenotype na-eme ihe ike nke na-akpata amụma ọjọọ maka ndị ọrịa.

### Esophagus
Ọrịa kansa esophageal nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi ma ọ bụ esophageel squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) ma ọ bụ adenocarcinoma (EAC). SCCs na-emekarị nso ọnụ, ebe adenocarcinomas na-eme nso afọ. Dysphagia (isi ike ilo, ihe siri ike karịa mmiri) na ihe mgbu ilo bụ ihe mgbaàmà mbụ a na-ahụkarị. Ọ bụrụ na ọrịa ahụ dị n'otu ebe, ịwa ahụ wepụ esophagus metụtara nwere ike inye ohere ọgwụgwọ. Ọ bụrụ na ọrịa ahụ agbasaala, a na-ejikarị ọgwụgwọ na radiotherapy eme ihe.

### Ụbụrụ
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Foto nke carcinoma squamous-cell. Ọrịa ahụ dị n'aka ekpe, na-egbochi bronchus (akpa ume); karịa akpụ ahụ, bronchus na-afụ ụfụ ma nwee mucus.
Mgbe ejikọtara ya na akpa ume, ọ na-abụkarị ọrịa kansa nnukwu mkpụrụ ndụ dị n'etiti (ọ bụghị obere mkpụrụ ndụ kansa akpa ume). Ọ na-enwekarị ọrịa paraneoplastic na-akpata mmepụta ectopic nke protein metụtara parathyroid hormone, na-akpatara hypercalcemia, mana ọrịa paraneplastic na-ejikọkarị ya na obere ọrịa kansa akpa ume. Ọ bụ n'ihi ịṅụ sịga.

### Ubi ahụ́
Human papillomavirus (HPV), nke bụ isi HPV 16 na 18, na-emetụta ya nke ukwuu na mmepe nke SCC nke penis.
Carcinomas atọ na-ejikọta na SCCs nke penis: [citation needed]

# Ọrịa Bowen na-egosi dị ka leukoplakia na shaft.  Ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ikpe na-aga n'ihu na SCC.
# Erythroplasia nke Queyrat, ụdị ọrịa Bowen, gosipụtara dị ka erythroplakia na glans.
# Bowenoid papulosis, nke yiri ọrịa Bowen, na-egosi dị ka papules na-acha ọbara ọbara.

### Prostate
Mgbe ejikọtara ya na prostate, carcinoma squamous-cell na-eme ihe ike n'okike. O siri ike ịchọpụta ebe ọ bụ na a hụghị mmụba na ọkwa antigen nke prostate, nke pụtara na a na-achọpụta ọrịa kansa mgbe ọ dị elu. [citation needed]

### Mkpịsị aka nwanyị na akpa nwa
Carcinoma squamous-cell nke akụkụ ahụ nwanyị na-agbasa nwayọọ nwayọọ ma na-anọkarị nso n'akụkụ akụkụ ahụ nwanyị, mana ọ nwere ike ịgbasa na akpa ume na imeju. Nke a bụ ụdị ọrịa kansa a na-ahụkarị n'ahụ nwanyị.

### Bladder
Ọtụtụ ọrịa kansa ụkwara bụ mkpụrụ ndụ na-agafe agafe, mana ọrịa kansa ụgbụ metụtara schistosomiasis na-abụkarị SCC. [citation needed]

## Nnyocha
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Biopsy nke carcinoma squamous-cell dị iche iche nke ọnụ. Ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ carcinoma squamous-cell buru ibu na ọtụtụ eosinophilic cytoplasm na nnukwu, mgbe mgbe vesicular, nuclei. Haematoxylin &amp;amp; eosin stain
thumb|250x250px|Cytopathology nke squamous-cell carcinoma, ụdị keratinizing, nwere njirimara ndị a na-ahụkarị. Ọkpụkpụ papa.
thumb|261x261px|Cytopathology nke squamous-cell carcinoma, ụdị na-abụghị keratinizing, nwere njirimara. Ọkpụkpụ papa. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, nchọpụta ndị a n'ozuzu ha abụghị ihe doro anya karịa maka keratinizing squamous-cell carcinoma, a pụkwara ịhụ ọtụtụ n'ime ha na ọrịa kansa ndị ọzọ dịka adenocarcinoma (nke, Otú ọ dị, na-enwekarị chromatin dị mma).
Akụkọ ahụike, nyocha ahụike na ihe oyiyi ahụike nwere ike ịnye echiche carcinoma squamous-cell, mana biopsy maka histopathology n'ozuzu ya na-egosi nchọpụta ahụ. TP63 staining bụ isi ihe na-egosi histological maka squamous-cell carcinoma. Na mgbakwunye, TP63 bụ ihe dị mkpa maka transcription iji guzobe njirimara nke mkpụrụ ndụ squamous.
Usòrò:Squamous Cell Carcinoma well differentiated Left upper paraspinal back with adjacent actinic keratosis.jpg|SCC dị iche iche nke ọma, aka ekpe elu paraspinal azụ akara maka biopsy na adjacent actinic keratosis
Usòrò:Squamous Cell Carcinoma Left Lateral Canthus.jpg|SCC, canthus n'akụkụ aka ekpe nke akara maka biopsy
Usòrò:Squamous Cell Carcinoma Left Ventral Forearm.jpg|SCC, aka ekpe ventral forearm


### Nchịkọta
Enwere ike iwere kansa dị ka nnukwu ezinụlọ dị iche iche nke ọrịa ọjọọ, yana squamous-cell carcinomas mejupụtara otu n'ime nnukwu subset. A na-eche na mmerụ ahụ SCC niile na-amalite site na nkewa ugboro ugboro, nke a na-achịkwaghị achịkwa nke mkpụrụ ndụ cancer stem nke agbụrụ epithelial ma ọ bụ njirimara. [citation needed] SCCs na-esite na mkpụrụ ndụ squamous, nke bụ mkpụrụ ndụ dị larịị nke dị n'ọtụtụ ebe nke ahụ. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ keratinocytes. Nchịkọta nke mkpụrụ ndụ kansa ndị a na-akpata microscopic focus nke mkpụrụ ndụ na-adịghị mma nke, ọ dịkarịa ala na mbido, na-ejide n'ime anụ ahụ a kapịrị ọnụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ nna ya bi. A na-akpọ ọnọdụ a squamous-cell carcinoma in situ, a na-achọpụta ya mgbe akpụ ahụ abanyebeghị n'ime ala ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-eme ka ọ ghara ịbanye  anụ ahụ ndị dị n'akụkụ. Ozugbo mmerụ ahụ toro ma gaa n'ihu ruo n'ókè ebe ọ gbawara, banye, ma banye n'ime ihe ndị dị n'akụkụ ya, a na-akpọ ya "invasive" squamous-cell carcinoma. Ozugbo carcinoma na-awakpo, ọ nwere ike ịgbasa na akụkụ ndị ọzọ ma mee ka ọ gbasaa, ma ọ bụ "ọkpụkpụ nke abụọ". [citation needed]

#### Akpụkpọ ahụ e si nweta ya
Usoro International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) depụtara ọtụtụ ụdị ọdịdị na ụdị dị iche iche nke malignant squamous-cell neoplasms, gụnyere:

* Papillary thyroid carcinoma (koodu 8050/3)
* carcinoma na-acha uhie uhie (koodu 8051/3)
* Papillary squamous-cell carcinoma (koodu 8052/3)
* squamous-cell carcinoma (koodu 8070/3)
* nnukwu mkpụrụ ndụ keratinizing squamous-cell carcinoma (koodu 8071/3)
* carcinoma squamous-cell na-enweghị keratinizing (koodu 8072/3)
* obere mkpụrụ ndụ keratinizing squamous-cell carcinoma (koodu 8073/3)
* spindle-cell squamous-cell carcinoma (koodu 8074/3) A makwaara ya dị ka spindle- cell carcinoma, ọ bụkwa ụdị nke mkpụrụ ndụ atypical dị ka spinder.
* adenoid/pseudoglandular squamous-cell carcinoma (koodu 8075/3)
* intraepidermal squamous-cell carcinoma (koodu 8081/3)
* lymphoepithelial carcinoma (koodu 8082/3).

A na-amata ụdị SCC ndị ọzọ n'okpuru usoro ndị ọzọ, dị ka keratoacanthoma.

#### Ụdị ndị ọzọ nke histopathologic

* Erythroplasia nke Queyrat
* Ọnyá Marjolin bụ ụdị SCC nke na-esite na ọnyá na-adịghị agwọ ọrịa ma ọ bụ ọnyá ọkụ. Otú ọ dị, ihe akaebe ndị ọzọ na-adịbeghị anya na-egosi na ọdịiche dị n'etiti mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa dị n'agbata SCC na ọnyá Marjolin, nke a na-eleda anya na mbụ.

Otu usoro nke ịkewapụta carcinomas squamous-cell bụ site na ọdịdị ha n'okpuru microscope. Ụdị ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịgụnye:

* adenoid squamous-cell carcinoma (nke a makwaara dị ka pseudoglandular squamous'cell carcinomas) bụ nke a na-eji usoro microscopic tubular na keratinocyte acantholysis mara.
* basaloid squamous-cell carcinoma bụ nke a na-ahụkarị maka isi ire.
* carcinoma squamous-cell doro anya (nke a makwaara dị ka carcinoma nke akpụkpọ ahụ) bụ nke keratinocytes na-egosi na ọ dị ọcha n'ihi ọzịza hydropic.
* signet ring-cell squamous-cell carcinoma (nke a na-asụgharị mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka signet ring - cell squamous - cell carcinoma) bụ ụdị histological nke a na-akọwa site na mgbanaka concentric nke nwere keratin na nnukwu vacuoles kwekọrọ na endoplasmic reticulum. Vacuoles ndị a na-eto ruo n'ókè nke na ha na-ebugharị nucleus nke mkpụrụ ndụ gaa na membrane nke mkpụrụ ndụ, na-enye mkpụrụ ndụ ọdịdị dị iche iche na "mgbaaka akara" mgbe a na-ele ya anya n'okpuru microscope.

Usòrò:SkinTumors-P6070232.JPG|Ọrịa cancer nke mkpụrụ ndụ squamous nke Adenoid
Usòrò:SkinTumors-P6020140.JPG|Carcinoma nke mkpụrụ ndụ squamous nke basaloid
Usòrò:SkinTumors-P5290109.JPG|Ọrịa cancer nke mkpụrụ ndụ na-acha ọcha
Usòrò:SkinTumors-P5300131.JPG|Carcinoma nke mkpụrụ ndụ spindle


## Mgbochi
YouNnyocha achọtawo ihe akaebe maka njikọ dị n'etiti nri na ọrịa kansa akpụkpọ ahụ, gụnyere SCC. Iri nri mmiri ara ehi nwere abụba dị elu na-eme ka ihe ize ndụ nke SCC tumor dịkwuo elu n'etiti ndị nwere ọrịa kansa akpụkpọ ahụ n'oge gara aga. Akwụkwọ nri na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nwere ike inye aka gbochie mmepe nke SCC na-esote na ọtụtụ ọmụmụ chọpụtara na akwụkwọ nri na mkpụrụ osisi na-enweghị isi na-echebe nke ukwuu megide ihe ize ndụ SCC. N'aka nke ọzọ, iri mmiri ara ehi zuru oke, yogọt, na cheese nwere ike ịbawanye ihe ize ndụ SCC na ndị nwere ike ibute ya. Na mgbakwunye, usoro nri anụ na abụba nwere ike ịbawanye ihe ize ndụ nke SCC na ndị na-enweghị akụkọ ihe mere eme nke SCC, mana njikọ ahụ bụ ihe a ma ama na ndị nwere akụkọ ihe mere anya nke ọrịa kansa akpụkpọ ahụ. Ịṅụ sịga na usoro nri nke a na-ahụkarị site na nnukwu biya na mmanya na-aba n'anya na-emekwa ka ihe ize ndụ nke SCC dịkwuo ukwuu.

## Ihe odide

Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations