open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Agrico-agwọ ọrịa

alt=Solar Sharing Power Plant in Kamisu, Ibaraki|thumb|Ụlọ ọrụ ikesa anyanwụ na Kamisu, Ibaraki
Agrivoltaics (**agrophotovoltaics**, **agrisolar**, ma ọ bụ abụọ-eji anyanwụ) bụ ojiji  nke ala  maka mmepụta ike anyanwụ na ọrụ ugbo.  Adolf Goetzberger na Armin Zastrow chepụtara usoro a na 1981.  Agrivoltaics gụnyere ọtụtụ ụzọ iji ijikọta ọrụ ugbo na fotovoltaics, dịka ọrụ ugbo si dị, gụnyere osisi, anụ ụlọ, griin haus, na nkwado pollinator. 

N'ihi na a na-ekerịta ìhè anyanwụ,  usoro nhazi chọrọ ịzụ ahịa na ebumnuche dị ka ịkwalite ihe ọkụkụ, ogo ihe ọkụkụ na mmepụta ike. Ihe ọkụkụ ụfọdụ na-erite uru site na onyinyo na-abawanye, na-ebelata ma ọ bụ ọbụna na-ewepụ azụmahịa.

## Nkọwa

## Ebenside
Nhọrọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya (Dominican Republic)

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
A mara ọkwa nhọrọ ochichi mmadu(OD) n'ihi nkewa Mirabal na Pati Nkwadobe Mmadụ nke Dominican,n'akwụkwọ ozi ọha na eze degaara ndị mgbasa ozi.

## Nkọwa
Nghoro ọnye kwuchiri ochichi na-anabata obodo nke ụmụ amaala Dominican na-enweghị ihe mgbochi dabere na ọnọdụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, nkwenkwe okpukpe, agbụrụ, okike, ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ ọ bụla ọzọ. Iwu nke otu ahụ bụ iwulite ọha mmadụ nwere ike ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya iji gosipụta ọchịchọ kachasị elu nke mmadụ na iji gboo mkpa ime mmụọ na ihe onwunwe nke ndị Dominican n'ọnọdụ nke fraternity, nnwere onwe, na ikpe ziri ezi. 

## Ihe nnọchianya
Ihe nnọchianya nke otu ahụ bụ okooko osisi nke nwere mkpụrụedemede O na D.

Agba ndị otu ahụ bụ acha anụnụ anụnụ, odo, akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, na ọbara ọbara.

## Nsonaazụ ntuli aka

### Nhọrọ onye isi ala
Mmalite Nne maka Nnyocha na Mmekọrịta Obodo

The Motherhood Initiative for Research and Community Involvement (MIRCI) bụ otu ndị ọkà mmụta Canada na-eme nyocha na nkwado maka ịbụ nne-nne.

## Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga
MIRCI na-akọwa ọrụ ya dị ka:
 
Ihe omume etiti nke MIRCI na-arụ bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ na ọrụ ndị ọkà mmụta, na-enwekwa ọgbakọ mba ụwa.[2] A na-enwe ọgbakọ ndị nne mgbe niile nke MIRCI[3] na-akwado na Canada ma bụrụkwa nke a na-eme n'ọtụtụ ebe ndị ọzọ n'ofe ụwa gụnyere Ireland, Italy, Greece, Barbados, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Massachusetts, Wisconsin na New York City na USA. [4] Otu nwanna nwanyị, AMIRCI, na-enwekwa ọgbakọ ọgbakọ n'Australia. MIRCI nwere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ na ọrụ ndị ọkà mmụta ebipụta, ọkachasị Journal of the Motherhood Initiative (JMI, nke bụbu The Journal of the Association for Research on Mothering), ma nwee ụlọ ọrụ International Mothers Network, The Young Mothers Empowerment Project, na The Motherhood Studies Forum . MIRCI na-arụkọ ọrụ na ndị nta akụkọ na-ebipụta nwanyị nọọrọ onwe ya, Demeter Press, [5] nke Andrea O'Reilly tọrọ ntọala.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Tọrọ ntọala na 1998 site n'aka Andrea O'Reilly[6] site na Mahadum York, Toronto, MIRCI ka akpọrọ 'The Association for Research on Mothering' (ARM).[7] Na 2010, a gbanwere aha ahụ ka ọ bụrụ MIRCI.[8] Otu nwanna nwanyị Australia, nke Dr Marie Porter hiwere, bụ aha mbụ ARM-A, ma kpọgharịrị aha ya na AMIRCI na 2010. 

## Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara

### Mbipụta kachasị ọhụrụ nke 'Journal of the Motherhood Initiative'
Downe, P., Boland, B., Wong, G., et al., 2018, 'Pregnancy, Childbirth, and Post-Partum', *Journal of the Motherhood Initiative (MIRCI),* Mpịakọta 9. Green, F., Weappa, J., Epstein, S., et al., 2018, 'Motherlines', *Journal of the Motherhood Initiative (MIRCI),* Mpịakọta 9.1.

Downe, P., Gamber, C., O'Reilly, A., et al., 2017, 'Mothers and Mothering in Today's World', *Journal of the Motherhood Initiative (MIRCI),* Mpịakọta 8.1, 8.2

Jordan, N., Greenway, K., Epstein., et al., 2016, 'Maternal Subjectivities', *Journal of the Motherhood Initiative (MIRCI),* Mpịakọta 7.

[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji], et al., 2016, 'Mothers, Mothering and Motherhood in Literature', *Journal of the Motherhood Initiative (MIRCI),* Mpịakọta 7.1.

Guignard, F., Esnard, T., Dobson, K., et al., 2015, 'Mothers in the Academe', *Journal of the Motherhood Initiative (MIRCI),* Mpịakọta 6.2.

Peterson, E., Martin, B., Hill, N., et al., 2015, 'Communicating Motherhood/Mothers Communicating in Popular Culture and Social Media', *Journal of the Motherhood Initiative (MIRCI),* Mpịakọta 6.1.

### Akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ a ma ama
O'Reilly, A, 2004, Mother Outlaws: Theories and Practices of Empowered Mothering, Demeter Press, York University, UK.

## Ebem si dee
National Organization of Immigrant and Visible Minority Women of Canada

**National Organization of Immigrant and Visible Minority Women of [[Kánada|Canada]]** (**NOIVMWC**) bụ òtù ụmụ nwanyị na-enweghị uru nke Canada nke na-akwado maka nsogbu na-emetụta ụmụ nwanyị si mba ọzọ na ụmụ nwanyị ole na ole a na Canada.  

Tọrọ ntọala na 1986, NOIVMWC na-akwado ịkwụ ụgwọ na ikike nke ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ.   

2006, òtù ahụ mere ọrụ nke isiokwu ya bụ "Ịmepụta Ohere Ọrụ maka Ụmụ Nwanyị Immigrant," nke nwere mkparịta ụka na ụmụ nwanyị si mba ọzọ na ndị were ha n'ọrụ na mpaghara obodo ukwu.        .

## Edensibia
Nova Scotia Olu Ụmụ nwanyị

Nova Scotia Voice of Women for Peace (NSVOW) bụ alaka na-arụsi ọrụ ike nke Canadian Voice of Women For Peace (VOW). E guzobere na 1960, VOW bụ otu ụmụ nwanyị na-abụghị nke gọọmentị (NGO) nke nwere ụmụ nwanyị dị iche iche nwere ọnọdụ ndụmọdụ na United Nations Economic & Social Council (ECOSOC). Ruo ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ 50, VOW akwadowo ụwa na-enweghị agha. Ọrụ nke nzukọ ahụ bụ "inye ụmụ nwanyị ụzọ iji kwalite udo na ikpe ziri ezi n'ụwa, site na agụmakwụkwọ nke onwe ha na ndị ọzọ iji sonye n'otu n'usoro ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya nke ime mkpebi; na imekọ ihe ọnụ na ụmụ nwanyị n'ụwa niile iji mepụta nkwanye ùgwù na nghọta dị mkpa maka ngwọta udo nke esemokwu mba ụwa". 

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
The Canadian Voice of Women malitere na 1960 dị ka òtù ọha na eze na-ewu ewu na-emegide ngwá agha nuklia.  Muriel Duckworth na Peggy Hope-Simpson so na ndị guzobere Nova Scotia Chapter. N'ihi nchegbu nke Agha Nzuzo, oge eruola ka ụmụ nwanyị nkịtị bụrụ ndị na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Dị ka Muriel n'onwe ya si kọwaa ya:Olu ụmụ nwanyị toro n'ihi egwu nke nnwale nuklia na 1950s. Gburugburu mba ahụ, e nweela ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'ọnụ ọnụ nke ịhazi otu udo ụmụ nwanyị na mgbe o mere, ụmụ nwanyị wụsara n'òtù ahụ, n'ihi na ọ bụ oge dị otú ahụ dị ize ndụ. Ụmụ nwanyị ndị bịara ebe a dị ka ndị na-alụ ọhụrụ agha nọ nnọọ n'akụkụ onwe ha n'ihi na ha enweghị ike ịnagide echiche nke agha ọzọ. [4] 

## Ọrụ ndị dị ugbu a
Tinyere ọrụ ndị ọzọ, NSVOW na-eche nche kwa ọnwa na Halifax, Canada, na ndị na-akpakọrịta na Ụbọchị Udo kwa afọ na World Peace Pavilion na Dartmouth, NS, Canada na August 6, iji cheta ọdachi ahụ na Hiroshima. Mgbasa ozi ha ugbu a gụnyere ịgba ndị obodo Nova Scotia ume ka ha sonye Mayors Maka Udo 
Usòrò:Linda_and_Jeanne's_Display.jpg|alt=Linda MacDonald and Jeanne Sarson's display on Non-State Actor Violence at 2008 Peace Day|Ngosipụta Linda MacDonald na Jeanne Sarson na Non-State Actor Violence na 2008 Peace Day
Usòrò:Ruth_and_Elinor_in_front_of_Spring_Garden_Library.jpg|alt=NSVOW Members participating in a monthly vigil in front of Spring Garden Library in Halifax, NS, Canada|Ndị otu NSVOW na-ekere òkè na nche kwa ọnwa n'ihu Ọbá Akwụkwọ Spring Garden na Halifax, NS, Canada


## Hụkwa

## Edensibia
Ottawa Rape Crisis Center

**Ottawa Rape Crisis Center** (**ORCC**) bụ òtù Canada na-arụ ọrụ iji kwụsị ụdị ime ihe ike mmekọahụ niile. Mgbe e guzobere ORCC na 1974 ọ ghọrọ ebe nke atọ na-ahụ maka nsogbu ndina n'ike na-arụ ọrụ na Canada. nkà ihe ọmụma nke nzukọ ahụ bụ nke na-arụsi ọrụ ike, nke na-emegide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ / nke na-egbochi mmegbu na nke ụmụ nwanyị.

## Ọrụ
A na-enye Ottawa Rape Crisis Center iwu inye ụmụ nwanyị dị afọ 16 ma ọ bụ karịa ọrụ. Ọrụ ndị a gụnyere akara nsogbu awa 24, ọrụ ndụmọdụ, na mmemme agụmakwụkwọ ọha na eze. Ọrụ ndụmọdụ dịkwa maka ndị enyi, ndị òtù ezinụlọ na ndị mmekọ na-akwado nwanyị nwere mmekọahụ. Ọtụtụ mmemme na ọrụ na-aga n'ihu, dịka ịrụ ọrụ na ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Ottawa Carleton, [4] ihe ịga nke ọma nke ukwuu Ihe omume Girls Chat na-aga nke ọma [5] maka ụmụ agbọghọ nwere ndị mbịarambịa na ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ nke na-arụ ọrụ n'ime ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị dị n'ógbè ahụ, [6] na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Safe City nwere ohere mmekọrịta maka ndị ntorobịa.         .

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Na Disemba 15, 1974, obere ìgwè ụmụ nwanyị meghere ORCC. Tupu nke a, ọ dịghị òtù ọ bụla n'ime obodo Ottawa na-enye ọrụ nye ụmụ nwanyị ndị e metọrọ n'ụzọ mmekọahụ. ORCC ghọrọ otu n'ime naanị ebe atọ a na-ahụ maka ndina n'ike na Canada. Òtù abụọ ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ na Toronto na Vancouver. 

## Edensibia
Van Dykes

Ndị Van Dykes bụ ndị na-eme njem nke ndị anaghị eri anụ nkewa nkewa nwanyị nwere mmasị nwanyị, nke Heather Elizabeth na Ange Spalding hibere na 1977 na United States. Ndị otu ahụ chọpụtara dị ka dykes ma biri n'ụgbọala, na-eme njem na Canada, United States, na Mexico, na-akwụsị naanị n'ala nwanyị.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
N'afọ 1976, Heather Elizabeth Nelson, enyi ya nwanyị Chris Fox, na di na nwunye ọzọ nwere mmasị nwanyị zụtara otu ugbo na-agba ọsọ kilomita iri asaa na mpụga Toronto iji mepụta ala ụmụ nwanyị ebe a na-eri nri onwe onye ọrụ ugbo, nkewa, na ndị na-abụghị otu nwanyị. eme. Elizabeth zutere Ange Spalding na njem okporo ụzọ na Toronto, onye biri na ụgbọ ala ya otu afọ. Ọnụ Elizabeth na Spalding kpụrụ Van Dykes, na Spalding na-ewere aha Brook Van Dyke mgbe Elizabeth ghọrọ Heather Van Dyke na mgbe e mesịrị aha Lamar Van Dyke (aha ya Hedy Lamarr). Chris Fox ghọrọ Thorn Van Dyke. Van Dykes na-akpụ isi ha, na-ezere ụmụ nwoke ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, ma kwenyere na a na-etinye ụwa na nsị testosterone. Mgbe ha gachara Texas, ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị ọzọ sonyeere ndị njem ahụ: enyi nwanyị Thorn Judith Van Dyke, Sky Van Dyke na Birch Van Dyke. Ọnụ, Van Dykes isii gbara ụgbọ ala anọ gaa na Yucatán Peninsula, na-eleta Chichén Itzá. Ndị njem ahụ nọrọ na Cozumel ọtụtụ izu n'ụlọ otu nwanyị nwanyị nwere mmasị nwanyị aha ya bụ Paloma. Na Cozumel, ndị uwe ojii Mexico nwụchiri Van Dykes na ebubo edoghị anya ma nọrọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ruo ọtụtụ awa. Mgbalị ịkwọ ụgbọ ala Belize kwụsịrị ma Van Dykes laghachiri na United States. Ndị Van Dykes gara leta ụmụ nwanyị na Arizona, Arkansas, California, Florida, North Carolina, Oregon, Texas, na New Mexico. Mgbe Judith Van Dyke zutere ndị inyom na-enwe mmekọahụ bụ Pat Califia na Gayle Rubin na San Francisco, bụ ndị jikọtara na otu BDSM nwanyị nwere mmasị nwanyị a na-akpọ Samois, Van Dykes nabatara S / M na omenala akpụkpọ anụ. N'afọ 1979, Van Dykes kere ụlọ ọrụ S/M mbụ na Michigan Womyn's Music Festival, nke kpatara esemokwu.. 

## Hụkwa

* Nkewa nke ụmụ nwanyị
* Utopia ụmụ nwanyị
* Ịhụnanya ụmụ nwanyị n'anya

## Ebem si dee
Ego Mmụta Iwu na Ọrụ Ụmụ nwanyị

Women's Legal Education and Action Fund, nke a na-akpọ **LEAF**, bụ òtù na-ahụ maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị nke dị na Toronto, Canada.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Magazin Canadian Lawyer kọwara LEAF dị ka "òtù na-enweghị uru nke na-arụ ọrụ iji kwalite nha nhata nwoke na nwanyị na ikike mmadụ site na ikpe, mgbanwe iwu, na agụmakwụkwọ".        Onye isi oche ntọala nke LEAF bụ Susan Tanner, [2] na onye edemede Judy Rebick dere n'akwụkwọ ya Ten Thousand Roses: The Making of a Feminist Revolution that other founders gụnyere ma ndị ọka iwu ma ndị na-abụghị ndị ọka iwu, dị ka Nancy Ruth, Pat Hacker, Linda Ryan Nye, Kay Macpherson, Kay Sigurjonsson, na ọbụna onye bụbu onye nchịkọta akụkọ magazin Chatelaine Doris Anderson.    

## Akwụkwọ ndị e dere banyere nzukọ ahụ
N'afọ 1991, Sherene Razack dere akwụkwọ Canadian Feminism and the Law: The Women's Legal Education and Action Fund and the Pursuit of Equality naanị ọkara afọ iri mgbe e guzobesịrị LEAF. E mechara dee akwụkwọ Peter Manfredi banyere nsonaazụ dị iche iche nke nkwado nke LEAF kpọrọ Feminist Activism in the Supreme Court: Legal Mobilization and the Women's Legal Education and Action Fund.

## Ntinye aka

* *R. megide Ryan*
* *Little Sisters Book and Art Emporium v. Canada (Minister of Justice) *, [2000] 2 S.C.R. 1120
* *British Columbia (PSERC) v. BCGSEU* [1999] 3 S.C.R. 3
* *M. v. H.*, [1999] 2 S.C.R. 3
* *Eldridge v. British Columbia (Attorney General) *, [1997] 3 S.C.R. 624
* *[[Weatherall v. Canada (Attorney General)]]*, [1993] 2 S.C.R. 872
* R. v. Butler, [1992] 1 S.C.R. 452
* *Kansụl Chọọchị nke Canada v. Canada (Minista nke Ọrụ na Mgbasa Ozi) *, [1992] 1 S.C.R. 236
* *Norberg v. Wynrib*, [1992] 2 S.C.R. 224
* R. v. Sullivan, [1991] 1 S.C.R. 489
* *Brooks v. Canada Safeway Ltd.*, [1989] 1 S.C.R. 1219
* *Andrews v. Law Society of British Columbia*, [1989] 1 S.C.R. 143
* R. v. J.A., 2011 SCC 28

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga
Okirikiri nke Ọmụmụ Ụmụ nwanyị

Okirikirinke omumu umunwanyi, ma ọ bụ gburugburu umunwanyi na-amu okirikiri, bụ òtù ụmụ nwanyị nke Chile nke dị site na 1979 ruo 1983.  E guzobere ya n'oge ọchịchị aka ike Pinochet na Chile dị ka nzaghachi maka mmegbu ọchịchị ahụ megide ụmụ amaala na ụmụ nwanyị. Maka gburugburu nwanyị,ọgụ maka ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị gara aka na aka, ha chọkwara ịmegharị ụmụ nwanyị site n'ibute ụmụ nwanyị ụzọ dị ka ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu, karịa njirimara nne ha. gburugburu omumu umunwanyi akụkụ nke nnukwu òtù ụmụ nwanyị nke na-arụ ọrụ na njedebe nke ọchịchị aka ike, mana ha gbasara ma guzobe òtù abụọ kewara ekewa na 1983.
Òtù Ọchịchị Onye kwuo uche ya nke Ụmụ nwanyị Moroccan

Democratic Association of Moroccan Women (Association Démocratique de Femmes de Maroc, ADFM) bụ a Moroccan ikike nzukọ nke e guzobere na 1985. Ọ Aims guzobe iwu dabeere na nhatanha n'etiti ndị ikom na ndị inyom, ezubere iche media na-lobby maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị.[1] ] A kọwawo ADFM dị ka “nkuku isi nke nwanyị na Morocco”.[2

E hiwere Democratic Association of Moroccan Women na Rabat n'afọ 1985. Ndị guzobere ya gụnyere Rabia Nacir, Amina Lamrini, Farida Bennani, na Najia Zirari. Dị ka nzukọ, ADFM sitere na ngalaba ụmụ nwanyị nke Party of Progress and Socialism (PPS). Amina Lamrini bụ onye otu kọmitii etiti nke PPS, ADFM anọgidewo na-ejikọ PPS. Agbanyeghị, ọ dịkwa ya mkpa iji kwado nnwere onwe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya. Dị ka onye na-eme ngagharị iwe Raja El Habti kwusiri ike,

 

Kama ịgbalị ịbụ òtù ụmụ nwanyị dị ukwuu, ADFM abụrụla òtù nrụgide ọgụgụ isi na-arụkọ ọrụ na ndị ọrụ etiti dịka "ndị nkuzi, mgbasa ozi, otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, otu ndị ọrụ na òtù ndị ntorobịa"[1]. Na ikpe nke otu ọkà mmụta, ADFM na Union of Women's Action (UAF) "guzobere akara nke feminist activism na Morocco kemgbe etiti 1980 [...] na-akọwa ndị inyom ije dị ka ihe ịma aka na isi iyi nke iwu nke iwu. ido ụmụ nwanyị n'okpuru."[2] O meela mkpọsa karia imeghari koodu iwu ezinulo nke Moroccan, nke amara dika Mudawana. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe mkpọsa nke mba na 1993 gasịrị, iwu eze 13 Julaị 1995 kagburu iwu nkuzi nwoke chọrọ ka ụmụ nwanyị nweta ikike di ha tupu ekwe ka ha rụọ ọrụ.

## Edensibia
Ebe Ọgba aghara Rape nke Toronto

Toronto Rape Crisis Center (TRCC), nke amara aha ya dị ka Toronto Rape Crisis Center / Multicultural Women Against Rape, bụ ebe nsogbu idina mmadụ n'ike na Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Ọ bụ naanị ihe owuwu dị otú ahụ n'obodo ahụ.

Ọ na-agba ahịrị nsogbu 24/7 ma na-enye ndụmọdụ n'efu, [2] [3] ma bụrụ otu n'ime ebe nsogbu mmeko nwoke 42 na mpaghara Ontario.

N'etiti 1990s, TRCC kwuputara okwu nke ime ihe ike dabere na nwoke na nwanyị na Pride Toronto.

N'afọ 2018, TRCC hụrụ mmụba nke ọchịchọ maka ọrụ na-esote akụkọ banyere Ikpe mmetọ mmekọahụ Harvey Weinstein. 

N'afọ 2019, TRCC natara $ 1m n'aka Gọọmentị Ontario, 25% nke ihe e kwere ha nkwa. Oge ichere maka ọrụ ruru ọnwa 15 na 2019. 

## Hụkwa

* Ebe nsogbu ndina n'ike #Canada
* Ottawa Rape Crisis Center
* Ime ihe ike n'ụlọ

## Ebem si dee
Òtù Ụkwụ Eluigwe

Heavenly Foot Society, bụ òtù ndị China na-emegide ijide ụkwụ, nke e guzobere na 1874. Ọ bụ nzukọ mbụ megide ijide ụkwụ na China.

Ọ bụ John Macgowan na nwunye ya, ndị ozi ala ọzọ si na London Missionary Society, guzobere ya. Òtù ndị ozi ala ọzọ ndị ọzọ nke Western Christian sochiri ya, bụ ndị tinyere ọrụ megide ijide ụkwụ n'ọrụ ozi ala ọzọ ha. Ndị ozi ala ọzọ nke Ndị Kraịst katọrọ ịkwụ ụgwọ ụkwụ dị ka omenala obi ọjọọ na-emegbu ụmụ nwanyị. Ha machibidoro ijikọ ụkwụ n'etiti Ndị Kraịst China, ma machibido ụmụ nwanyị nwere ụkwụ ejikọta iji mụọ ma ọ bụ rụọ ọrụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ozi ala ọzọ ha.

Heavenly Foot Society na ndị ọzọ ozi ala ọzọ na-emegide ijikọta ụkwụ nwere mmetụta dị nta n'ihi na ọ jikọtara mwepụ nke ijikọta ya na ọrụ ozi ala ọzọ okpukpe. Òtù ndị China mbụ na-emegide ijikọ ụkwụ, Òtù Nnwere Onwe nke 1887, na òtù ọdịda anyanwụ mbụ, Tian Zu Hui nke 1895, nwere ihe ịga nke ọma karịa.Eluigwe Foot Society na ndị ọzọ ozi ala ọzọ societes megide ụkwụ agbụ nwere obere mmetụta n'ihi na o metụtara abolition nke ụkwụ ejikọta na okpukpe ozi ala ọzọ ọrụ. The mbụ Chinese ọha mmadụ megide ụkwụ agbụ, na Foot Emancipation Society nke 1887, na mbụ ụwa Western ọha mmadụ, na Tian Zu Hui nke 1895, nwere substantionally ọzọ ịga nke ọma. 

## Edensibia
Tian Zu Hui

***Tian Zu Hui*** (Natural Foot Society), bụ òtù ndị China na-emegide ijide ụkwụ, nke e guzobere na 1895. Ọ bụ nzukọ mbụ nke ụwa megide ijide ụkwụ na China.

Ọ bụ ụmụ nwanyị iri si mba dị iche iche guzobere ya n'okpuru nduzi nke Alicia Little na Shanghai na 1895. E nweela ọtụtụ òtù ndị na-emegide ụkwụ kemgbe ntọala nke Heavenly Foot Society na 1874, mana ewezuga Chinese Foot Emancipation Society, ha na-arụ ọrụ n'ime òtù ndị ozi ala ọzọ nke Ndị Kraịst, lekwasịrị anya na ndị Kraịst a tọghatara, ha enweghịkwa ihe ịga nke ọma. Natural Foot Society bụ nke ụwa, ma nabata ndị otu okpukpe na mba niile.

The Natural Foot Society mere mkpọsa site na njem nkuzi, ozi, mpempe akwụkwọ na ndepụta aha. Ha lekwasịrị anya na ndị isi China na-abụghị Ndị Kraịst ma tinye ụmụ nwanyị China nọ n'ọkwá dị elu, nke bụ usoro ọhụrụ. N'adịghị ka ọha mmadụ ndị gara aga nke katọrọ ijikọta ụkwụ n'ihe metụtara okpukpe, ọ na-ekwu maka nsogbu ahụike metụtara ijikọta እግ. O dere akwụkwọ mkpesa nye Regent Dowager Empress Cixi, nke a sịrị na ụmụ nwanyị ọdịda anyanwụ niile nọ n'Eshia bịanyere aka na ya. Cixi webatara mmachibido iwu maka ijikọta ụkwụ na 1902, mana enweghị ike itinye ya n'ọrụ.

Natural Foot Society nwetara nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma. Ọ bụ nzukọ nche anwụ nke tọrọ ntọala ma gụnyere alaka mpaghara, ma ghọọ nzukọ mba dị ịrịba ama. Nke nta nke nta ọzọ na ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị China sonyeere mmegharị ahụ, na 1907, ndị isi ọdịda anyanwụ mbụ gbanwere nduzi nke Natural Foot Society nye ụmụ nwanyị China ma kweta na nke a bụ ihe ịga nke ọma nke mkpọsa ha. Site na mgbasa ozi nke mmegharị ahụ, omenala na-ejikọta ụkwụ na-ebelata n'ọtụtụ n'ime pro Mmegharị, omenala na-ejikọta ụkwụ belatara n'ọtụtụ ógbè ndị ọha mmadụ na-eme mkpọsa, ihe ịga nke ọma nke ọha mmadụ kwuru. Ha gara n'ihu na mkpọsa ahụ ruo mgbe e mesịrị machibido omenala ahụ na 1911-191 

## Ihe odide
Man Vrouw Maatschappij

thumb|Akụkọ akụkọ 1973 na ncheta afọ 5 nke MVM.
**Man Vrouw Maatschappij** (**MVM**, "Man Woman Society") bụ otu ụmụ nwanyị Dutch, nke Joke Smit en Hedy d'Ancona guzobere.

.e hiwere site Joke Smit na October 1968; O bipụtara isiokwu nwanyị "Het onbehagen bij de vrouw" ("The Discontent of Women") na November 1967. Mgbe Dolle Mina, ọzọ feminist otu, e hiwere ọ ụgbọ mmiri a ọzọ radical N'ezie na-ekere òkè feminist omume, ọkachasị 1970 si Op de vrouw af!. MVM bụ mgbochi hierarchical na-emegide nna ochie; A na-agba ọsọ ya n'enweghị onye isi ala na mgbe ndị ikom 1973 na-akwadoghị, na-eme ka d'Ancona na ndị ọzọ hapụ otu ahụ. 

## Edensibia

* J. Doomen over Ribberink A., Leidsvrouwen en zaakwaarneemsters, Een geschiedenis van de aktiegroep Man Vrouw Maatschappij 1968-1973   
* 
*
Union Femenina nke Chile

Òtù umunwanyi chile, bụ òtù ụmụ nwanyị na Chile, nke e guzobere na 1928. 

Ọ bụ Graciela Lacoste Navarro guzobere otu umunwanyi Chile na 1928. A tụrụ aro ya na 1927, mgbe ụmụ nwanyị mere emume mgbanwe 1877 nke nyere ụmụ nwanyị ohere ịmụ na mahadum. 

Nzukọ ahụ mere mkpọsa maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị na nnwere onwe, ikike mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, ego na agụmakwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị, yana maka ikike ụmụnwaanyị.
Ọganihu nke ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọka iwu

Dynamique des femmes jurists bụ òtù ụmụ nwanyị na Democratic Republic of the Congo . Nelly Mbangu, onye nduzi nke Democracy Research Center, guzobere ya na 2006.  Ọ ghọrọ onye isi oche mbụ nke nzukọ ahụ.

## Okpuru
Mmalite nke narị afọ nke 21 Democratic Republic of Congo nọ na-ata ahụhụ agha obodo na ndị nnupụisi na-alụ ọgụ megide ndị agha gọọmentị. Na 2003 a kwurịtara nkwekọrịta udo ma mee ntuli aka 2006. Otú ọ dị ọtụtụ afọ nke nkwụsi ike emeela ka ime ihe ike dị ukwuu n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke mba ahụ nke a kọwara dị ka "isi obodo ịkwa iko nke ụwa". [2] 

## Ebumnuche
E guzobere Dynamique des femmes jurists iji nye ụmụ nwanyị nha nhata nwoke na nwanyị. Nzukọ ahụ na-ezube inye ụmụ nwanyị ike ka ha wee mara ihe ikike ha bụ ma nwee obi ike inweta ha. Ikike ndị a gụnyere ikike ibi ndụ n'enweghị nsogbu, inwe nchekwa nke ala, ịnweta ọrụ ọha na eze, yana ịnweta ụlọ ikpe na ụlọ ikpe. Nzukọ a na-ezube ịgba ụmụ nwanyị ume ka ha were iwu dị ka ọrụ wee nọchite anya ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọzọ chọrọ ọrụ ha, sonye n'òtù ndị ọrụ, sonye na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na isonye n'òtlọ na-eme mkpebi na ngalaba ọha na eze na nke onwe. Òtù ahụ na-enyekwa enyemaka uche nye ndị lanarịrị ndina n'ike na igbu ọkpụkpụ nwanyị.

## Nrụtụaka
Nne Ego

Mama Cash bụ ego ụmụ nwanyị kachasị ochie n'ụwa, nke e hiwere na Netherlands na 1983.  N'afọ 2013, Mama Cash kwadoro otu narị na iri na asatọ nke ụmụ nwanyị, ụmụ nwanyị na ndị na-ahụ maka ikike trans na nde euro 4.3.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Mama Cash tọrọ ntọala na Netherlands na 1983 site n'aka ndị inyom ise: Marjan Sax, Dorelies Kraakman, Patti Slegers, Tania Leon na Lida van den Broek .  Marjan Sax nyere isi obodo mbụ nke $ 1,250,000, na-agbazinye ya Mama Cash maka afọ iri mbụ, mgbe e mesịrị gbatịkwuo ya afọ ise ọzọ. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ naghị enwe obi ụtọ na mbụ na akụ na ụba o ketara, Sax chere na ọ dị mkpa ka a kwado ọrụ ahụ, nakwa na ego na echiche na-agbakọta ọnụ. Nkà ihe ọmụma ya kpaliri ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọzọ bara ọgaranya, Mama Cash malitekwara otu a na-akpọ De Erfdochters (Ndị inyom nwere akụ na ụba nketa). 

N'afọ 2000, Mama Cash bụ otu n'ime mmadụ itoolu guzobere International Network of Women's FundsInternational Network of Women's Fund

Ndị guzobere Mama Cash kwenyere na ụmụ nwanyị kachasị mma iji nweta mgbanwe nhazi na ọnọdụ nke ha, na obere ìgwè ụmụ nwanyị nwere onwe ha dị oke mkpa iji nweta mgbanwe a. Otú ọ dị, ebe ọ bụ na ọtụtụ ìgwè n'oge ahụ chọrọ obere onyinye (ọtụtụ n'ime ha erughị $ 10,000), nnukwu òtù ndị na-enye onyinye adịghị njikere inye obere onyinye dị otú ahụ ma ọ bụ nwee ọkachamara iji kwado òtù ahịhịa ndị a. N'afọ ndị mbụ, Mama Cash na-enyekarị ego mmalite maka atụmatụ ndị na-arịọ arịrịọ nyere ego mmalite maka atụmatụ ndị kwadoro nnwere onwe ụmụ nwanyị n'elu ahụ ha, gụnyere òtù ndị na-akwado ikike mmekọahụ, ite ime dị mma na ikike ndị ọrụ mmekọahụ. [6] Otu dị otú ahụ . Otu n'ime atụmatụ ndị dị otú ahụ bụ magazin ụmụ nwanyị Latina, Esto no tiene nombre, nke otu ìgwè ụmụ nwanyị Latina gụnyere tatiana de la tierra haziri ma dezie, ọ bụkwa iji mepụta ikpo okwu maka mkparịta ụka na ịmara banyere ụmụ nwanyị ole na ole a.

nkà ihe ọmụma na-aga n'ihu na-akpụzi mmepe Mama Cash, na atụmatụ mama Cash bụ Isi (nchekwa na nnwere onwe nke ahụ ụmụ nwanyị), Ego (usoro akụ na ụba ziri ezi na nke ziri ezi), Voice (mkpebi ụmụ nwanyị), na Ego Ụmụ Nwanyị (netwọk zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ego ụmụ nwanyị   . 

Iji mee emume ncheta afọ iri atọ nke ịdị adị Mama Cash na 2013, magazin Alliance gbara Nicky McIntyre, onye isi nchịkwa ajụjụ ọnụ.  N'oge ahụ, McIntyre tụgharịrị uche na mmetụta nke òtù ndị na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru ụmụ nwanyị n'ime afọ iri atọ gara aga, na-ekwu, sị: "Ọrụ nke òtù ndị ruuru ndị ruuru onwe ha emeela ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọ bụla na-enweghị mgbanwe n'àgwà ọha na eze, iwu na ọchịchị, na ngalaba onwe na ọha na eze. Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ òtù ndị ruoro ụmụ nwanyị dị obere, mmetụta ha zuru oke dị ukwuu".

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga
Kvindestemmeretsforeningen

**Kvindestemmeretsforeningen** (KSF) bụ òtù Norwegian maka ụmụ nwanyị, na-arụsi ọrụ ike site na 1885 ruo 1913.

Kvindestemmeretsforeningen e hiwere na Kristiania site na otu ìgwè nke ụmụ nwanyị iri. Otu n'ime ndị guzobere ya bụ Gina Krog, Anne Holsen, Anna Rogstad na Ragna Nielsen. Gina Krog bụ onye isi oche ya site na 1885 ruo 1897. Esemokwu dị n'etiti ndị otu nzukọ ahụ na 1897 mere ka e guzobe National Association for Women's Suffrage (Landskvinnestemmerettsforeningen),   . Anne Holsen bụ onye isi oche nke Kvindestemmeretsforeningen site na 1897 ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1913. 

## Edensibia
Njikọ Ụmụ nwanyị nke Norwegian Labour Party

thumb|Nzukọ nke Njikọ Ụmụ nwanyị nke Labour Party na 1918
The **Norwegian Labour Party's Women's Federation** () was established in Christiania in 1901 and extended to cover the whole of Norway in 1909. Initially concerned with working conditions and voting rights, its interests were extended over the years. The movement was dissolved in 2005 when the Labour Party adopted equal gender distribution in all its bodies, both national and local. In its place, a looser "women's network" was set up within the party in order to bring women into leadership roles at all levels.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Njikọ ụmụ nwanyị abụwo nzukọ kachasị mkpa na ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị nke Norway n'agbanyeghị ihe ịma aka na 1937 site na Labour Housewives Group (Norges Husmorlagsforbund) nke jikọtara ya na Communist Party na 1954 site na Norwegian Women's Federation (Norsk Kvinneforbund) bụ nke na-arụsi ọrụ ike ruo 1999. Òtù abụọ a nọchitere anya ndị ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ole na ole.

Ọtụtụ afọ nzukọ ahụ nwere nchegbu tumadi banyere ọnọdụ ibi ndụ ka mma maka ezinụlọ ndị na-arụ ọrụ ma na-abawanye nnabata nke ndị nwunye ụlọ na ọha mmadụ n'ozuzu ha. Site na njedebe nke afọ ndị 1960, a na-elekwasị anya tụgharịrị na ịha nhatanha nwoke na nwanyị n'ebe ọrụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ka mkparịta ụka mba ụwa na-etolite ma òtù ụmụ nwanyị kwesịrị ịga n'ihu n'onwe ha ma ọ bụ dịka akụkụ nke ụzọ ndị otu jikọtara ọnụ, na Norway, e kpebiri ime ka mmegharị ahụ dịkwuo nso na ihe ndị otu na-ebute ụzọ. Na 2005, nhazi ahụA gbasara nzukọ ahụ ma dochie ya na netwọk ụmụ nwanyị na Labour Party.   .

Ndị dị mkpa na nzukọ ahụ kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ gụnyere Gunhild Ziener (1868-1937), Martha Tynæs (1870-1930), Hanna Adolfsen (1872-1926), Thina Thorleifsen (1885-1959), Johanne Reutz Gjermoe (1896-1989), Aase Lionæs (1907-1999), Rakel Seweriin (1906-1995), Aase Bjerkholt (1915-2012) na Sylvia Brustad (amụrụ 1966). Karita Bekkemellem (amụrụ n'afọ 1965) ghọrọ onye ndú nke nzukọ ahụ na 1998 ma duzie netwọk ụmụ nwanyị ọhụrụ ahụ ruo n'afọ 2009.

## Edensibia
MiRA Resource Center maka ndị isi ojii, ndị mbịarambịa na ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ

MiRA Resource Center for Black, Immigrant and Refugee Women bụ norwegian NGO tọrọ ntọala na 1989, nke na-arụ ọrụ iji meziwanye ọnọdụ ibi ndụ nke ụmụ nwanyị si mba ọzọ kwabata na ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ na Norway. Onye guzobere na onye isi nchịkwa nke etiti ahụ bụ Fakhra Salimi. A na-akwụ ụgwọ MiRA Centre kpọmkwem maka mmefu ego steeti norway. Ọ bụ otu n'ime òtù iri na ise n'okpuru nkwado eze nke Queen Sonja nke Norway [1]       i ma nye ya ọnọdụ ndụmọdụ pụrụ iche na United Nations Economic and Social Council na 2001. 

Center na-enye ndụmọdụ, nduzi, ọmụmụ ihe ma na-ahazi nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe, ma na-ekere òkè na arụmụka ọha na eze. Otu n'ime isi isiokwu ya bụ alụmdi na nwunye mmanye na okwu metụtara mmekọahụ. Ụlọ ọrụ MiRA bụ onye otu Norwegian Women's Lobby na Forum for Women and Development.    

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga
Òtù Ụmụ nwanyị maka Nkwalite na Mmepe Endogenous

The Women Association maka Promotion na Endogenous Development (French: Association des femmes pour la Promotion et le Développement Endogène; AFPDE) bụ nzukọ ụmụ nwanyị na Democratic Republic of congo (DRC). Ọ na-elekwasị anya n'ịkwalite ikike ụmụ nwanyị, ikike ụmụaka na mmepe gafee ọtụtụ mpaghara n'ime mba ahụ. Isi ụlọ ọrụ nzukọ ahụ dị na n ° 94 na Avenue Isiro, Q. Nyamianda, n'obodo Uvira nke Uvira Territory, nke dị na South Kivu Pr   Mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ nke DRC. [1]     .

..AFPDE na-arụ ọrụ iji nye ụmụ nwanyị ike, ịkwalite ịha nhatanha nwoke na nwanyị, na ịkwado mmepe na-adigide site na ọtụtụ atụmatụ na mmemme. Ndị a gụnyere mpaghara dịka agụmakwụkwọ, nlekọta ahụike, ike akụ na ụba, nkwado, na mmepe obodo. [1] ... .  

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
E guzobere AFPDE na October 16, 1999, n'oge Agha Congo nke Abụọ, site n'aka otu ụmụ nwanyị na-eme ihe ike si Kiliba. Nzukọ ahụ pụtara dị ka nzaghachi maka ọnọdụ na-ebibi ihe dị n'oge agha ahụ, na-ezube idozi mkpa dị ngwa nke sitere na esemokwu ahụ. AFPDE lekwasịrị anya na mgbalị ya na mpaghara South Kivu nke agha mebiri emebi, ebe ndị mmadụ tachiri obi nke ukwuu n'ihi Esemokwu na-aga n'ihu na mmebi ikike mmadụ zuru ebe niile. N'ịghọta ịdị njọ nke ọnọdụ ahụ, nzukọ ahụ kpebisiri ike ime ihe iji nwee mmetụta dị mma. N'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama, AFPDE lekwasịrị anya n'ịlụso mmụba nke ime ihe ike mmekọahụ ọgụ, okwu nke kpatara ọtụtụ ndị nọ n'etiti esemokwu ahụ ahụhụ.  

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, AFPDE na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na mpaghara South Kivu, yana mpaghara ahọpụtara nke mpaghara atọ ndị ọzọ dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ DRC. Òtù ndị otu ahụ emeela ọtụtụ ọrụ na-emetụta ihe iji gboo mkpa dị mkpa. Ọzọkwa, AFPDE na-akwalite ịgụ na ide ma na-enye ụmụ nwanyị ike site na mmemme ọzụzụ dị iche iche nke na-eme ka nnwere onwe akụ na ụba ha dịkwuo mma. Tụkwasị na nke a, nzukọ ahụ na-etinye mmiri, ịdị ọchaịdị ọcha nhicha, gụnyere iwu ụlọ mposi na nkesa nke ihe ndị dị ọcha maka ịhụ nsọ.  

## Hụkwa

* Pasent iri ise nke ụmụ nwanyị ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla Dynamic
* Ọ dịghị Ihe Na-enweghị Ụmụ nwanyị
* Network of Women for Rights and Peace
* Ọganihu nke ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọka iwu

## Edensibia
Ọ dịghị Ihe Na-enweghị Ụmụ nwanyị

E guzobere Nothing Without Women na Machị 2015 dị ka njikọ aka nke ndị NGO mba ụwa na ndị otu ụmụ nwanyị dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Democratic Republic of the Congo.      Otu nwere ebumnuche abụọ: iji hụ na e nyefere Iwu Parity n'iwu, na iji degharịa iwu ntuli aka iji hụ na a ghaghị itinye ụmụ nwanyị na ndepụta ntuli aka niile. Ndị otu ahụ chịkọtara ihe karịrị mbinye aka 200,000. Ọ haziri njem na Bukavu na Uvira na South Kivu, na Goma na North Kivu. Ihe karịrị mmadụ 6,000 sonyeere njem ahụ na Bukavu. N'ihi ya, a gafere Iwu Parity nke ọma na August 2015. [2]        . 

Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 2017, ọ dịghị ihe na-enweghị ụmụ nwanyị etoola iji tinye ihe karịrị otu narị na iri isii na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru ụmụ nwanyị site na mba ahụ. A na-amata mkpọsa ìgwè dị iche iche site na iji ákwà na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, nke a na-eyi dị ka ihe mkpuchi isi, uwe, uwe elu ma ọ bụ akpa.

N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2018, onye na-ekwuchitere otu ahụ bụ Solange Lwashiga Furaha gosipụtara nchegbu na naanị 12% nke ndị na-azọ ọkwa maka Ntuli aka nke afọ 2018 bụ ụmụ nwanyị:

 

## Ihe odide
Netwọk nke Ụmụ nwanyị maka ikike na udo

**Network of Women for Rights and Peace (French: Réseau des Femmes pour la Défense des Droits et la Paix, RFDP) bụ òtù ikike ụmụ nwanyị na Democratic Republic of Congo. Tọrọ ntọala na 1999, ọ na-enye nkwado ikpe nye ndị a na-eme ihe ike mmekọahụ, na-eme ka a mata banyere ikike mmadụ na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, ma na-arụ ọrụ iji mee ka ịgụ akwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị dịkwuo elu site na netwọk nke òtù ahịhịa, Comités d'Alerte pour la Paix (CAP).**       ). 

Onye guzobere RDFP bụ onye na-eme ihe ike Vénantie Bisimwa, onye bụ odeakwụkwọ ya. Dabere na Bukavu, RFDP bụ onye guzobere Coalition Against Sexual Violence in the DRC (French: Coalition Contre les Violences Sexuelles en RDC). 

## Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara

* (ya na Network of Women for Development (French: Réseau des Femmes pour un Développement Associatif)) Women's Bodies as a Battleground: Mmekọahụ Ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ n'oge agha na Democratic Republic of Congo. 2005

## Ihe odide
Òtù Ụmụ nwanyị (Denmark)

The Lesbian Movement (: Lesbisk Bevægelse) bụ òtù Danish maka Ụmụ nwanyị na-edina nwoke nke **Òtù Ụmụ nwanyị** gụnyere Vibeke Vasbo guzobere na 1974 na Copenhagen bụ ndị na-enweghị obi ụtọ maka ogo nke enweghị nnwere onwe maka ụmụ nwanyị nwanyị na Danish Redstocking Movement .

Movement bụ nzukọ nwanyị nwere mmasị nwanyị mbụ denmark. E guzobere ya na 10 March 1974 site n'aka otu ụmụ nwanyị si Rødstrømpebevægelsen (The Red Stocking Movement) tinyere obere ìgwè sitere na nzukọ nwoke idina nwoke Forbundet af 1948 (The 1948 Association). Isi ihe kpatara ịtọlite nzukọ ahụ bụ na ọtụtụ ndị nwanyị nwere mmasị nwanyị chọpụtara na ndị otu Red Stocking Movement adịghị njikere ịnakwere njirimara ha na nsogbu ha. Ọbụna a kpọrọ ha ìgwè nke "nwanyị nwere mmasị nwanyị m 

Dị ka Red Stockings, Lesbian Movement nwere ọtụtụ ìgwè ndị a haziri n'efu, na-enweghị usoro nchịkwa ọ bụla. Ọ bụ ezie na otu Copenhagen bụ nke kachasị ukwuu, e nwere ngalaba na-arụsi ọrụ ike na mba ahụ dum. Na mgbakwunye na nkwado zuru oke maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị, Movement gbasiri mbọ ike maka ọganihu na ikike ụmụ nwanyị. Site na ọmụmụ ihe na akwụkwọ, ha gbara ndị inyom na-edina nwoke ume ka ha ghọtakwuo ma hụ ha anya na ịlụso ịkpa ókè megide ha ọgụ. N'agbanyeghị ọdịiche ha, ha rụrụ ọtụtụ ọrụ ha na njikọ aka na Red Stockings, na-aghọ akụkụ nke Òtù ụmụ nwanyị na-agbanwe agbanwe na 1970s. N'ihi ya, e mechiri ọtụtụ ọrụ ha n'otu n'otu. N'afọ 1985, a gbasara Movement ahụ.

Akwụkwọ ndị isi nke Lesbian Movement bụ *Kvinder-Kvinder* (Women-Women, 1972-78) na *Hvidløgspressen* (The Garlick Press, 1982-86). N'afọ ndị 1970, ha gbakọtara n'ogige oge okpomọkụ n'àgwàetiti Femø na Sejerø . 

## Ihe odide
Nkọwapụta nke Ịhụnanya maka Usædelighed

Foreningen imod Lovbeskyttelse maka Usædelighed (Association megide nchebe iwu nke ịgba akwụna), bụ Danish Ẹkot british Ladies National Association for the Repeal of the Contagious Diseases Acts. E guzobere ya na 1879 na ebumnuche ịkagbu usoro iwu ahụ, nke chọrọ ka ụmụ nwanyị akwụna debanye aha na nyocha ahụike mgbe niile iji gbochie ọrịa ndị a na-ebute site na mmekọahụ. [1] [2] [3]        ụ 

Ndị uwe ojii na Copenhagen ejirila usoro iwu ahụ mee ihe n'ụzọ na-enweghị isi kemgbe 1815.  Mgbe e nyere usoro ahụ nzukọ na-adịgide adịgide na 1863 ma mesịa bụrụ nke iwu kwadoro na 1874, ọ dọtara uche na iwe gburugburu ụkpụrụ mmekọahụ abụọ nke usoro iwu gosipụtara.

Nnukwu ihe ihere nke afọ 1895 mere ka mkpọsa ahụ dịkwuo elu, mgbe a kpughere ọtụtụ ndị uwe ojii nọ n'isi obodo ahụ dị ka ndị na-arụ ọrụ mmekọahụ site n'ịrụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ahịa na ndị ahịa ha.

Mmachibido iwu nke ụlọ akwụna na 1901 na ịkwụsị usoro iwu ahụ na 1906, òtù ahụ weere ihe mgbaru ọsọ ha dị ka ndị e nwetara, ma gbasaa onwe ya. [4]    . 

## Hụkwa

* Njikọ Finska
* Njikọ Svenska
* Arụmụka gbasara omume mmekọahụ nke Nordic
* Njikọ Portuguese Abolitionist

## Ihe odide
Landsforbundet maka ndị Kvinders Valgret

Landsforbundet maka Kvinnders Valgret, ma ọ bụ LKV (National Association for Women's Suffrage), bụ otu Danish maka ịhọpụta ụmụ nwanyị, na-arụ ọrụ site na 1907 ruo 1915.. 

Dị ka otu Danish Women's Society na mbụ etinyeghị aka siri ike na ịhọpụta ụmụ nwanyị, na 1898, e hiwere ọgbakọ ọhụrụ: Danske Kvindeforeningers Valgretsudvalg, kpọmkwem iji kwado ikike ịtụ vootu maka ụmụ nwanyị. Site na 1904, a maara ya dị ka Valgretsforbundet. N'afọ 1907, ọ jikọtara ya na Landsforbundet maka Kvinders Valgret . 

Landsforbundet maka Kvinders Valgret sitere na otu ụmụ nwanyị Politisk Kvindeforening. N'afọ 1906, e guzobere Københavns Kvindevalgretsforening, na 1907, a gbanwere aha ahụ ka ọ bụrụ Landsforbundet maka Kvinders Valgret. Ọ bụ Elna Munch, Johanne Rambusch na Marie Hjelmer guzobere ya. Site na mbido, Julie Arenholt bụ otu n'ime ndị otu kachasị emetụta. E guzobere nzukọ ahụ iji meghachi omume na ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị nke Dansk Kvindesamfund, nke ndị guzobere LKV weere dị ka nke na-akpachara anya. LKV ghọrọ nzukọ zuru oke nke mba nke jikọtara alaka niile nke òtù ụmụ nwanyị na Denmark ma guzobe ndị ọhụrụ. A gbasara nzukọ ahụ mgbe e mezuru ebumnuche ahụ na 1915. 

## Hụkwa

* Òtù ụmụ nwanyị na-ahụ maka ịtụ vootu
* Ndepụta nke suffragists na suffragettes
* Usoro iheomume nke ikike ụmụ nwanyị

## Ebem si dee
Yikono

**Yikono** (Tigrinya maka ihe zuru ezu ) bụ otu ndị na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru ụmụ nwanyị nke dị na mpaghara Tigray na Etiopia nke na-emegide Ime ihe ike dabere na nwoke na nwanyị.

## Okike
Ihe kpatara okike Yikono bụ nzukọ ọgbakọ obodo na Nọvemba 2019 na Addi Daero nke otu nwanyị gwara ndị na-ege ntị banyere idina onye uwe ojii n'ike afọ 14 gara aga. Ụmụnwaanyị abụọ ọzọ kwuru n'otu nzukọ ahụ na onye uwe ojii ahụ nwere mmekọahụ na ha, kwere nkwa na ha ga-alụ ethem. Emere ngagharị iwe iji kwado ndị a na-emegbu ụmụ nwanyị na Addi Daero, na-akpali arụmụka mmekọrịta site na mpaghara Tigray. Ndị ntorobịa Mekelle haziri otu njem ahụ na Mekelle, isi obodo mpaghara Tigray, na-akpọ oku ka gọọmentị na ndị otu na-eme ihe iji gbochie ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị. Mgbasa mgbasa ozi na-elekọta mmadụ n'ịntanetị yana njem ahụ ghọrọ Yikono, nke pụtara zuru oke na Tigrinya

## Ịdu
Ndị guzobere Yikono gụnyere Weyni Abraha, Tsidena Abadi na Helen Tedros. Ndị sonyere Yikono gụnyere ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwoke.

## Ebumnuche
Yikono na-ezube ịha nhata nwoke na nwanyị site n'ịmepụta mmata banyere ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị na site n'inyere ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ aka ịmaliteghachi ndụ ha ma bụrụ ndị nweere onwe ha n'ụzọ ego.

## Ụzọ e si eme ya
A na-eme mkpọsa Yikono na Tigrinya, bụ isi asụsụ a na-asụ na mpaghara Tigray na asụsụ bụ isi nke Eritrea, na-ekwu maka iyi egwu mmekọahụ na ihe ike mmekọahụ n'ihe gbasara omenala obodo.

## Omume na nyocha
N'oge ọrịa COVID-19 na-efe efe na Etiopia, Yikono nyere aka guzobe ebe nchekwa mberede maka ụmụ nwanyị na-enweghị nsogbu.[4] Yikono hibere otu ebe nchekwa maka ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka ruru 50 na 27 Eprel 2020 site na mmekorita ya na Mahadum Mekelle, ngalaba Tigray nke Organisation for Social Services, Health & Development (OSSHD) na Midre'Gnet Elderly Care Center. Ka ọnwa Mee 9, ụmụ nwanyị iri na atọ na ụmụaka asatọ nọ n'ụlọ nchekwa ahụ. Ụmụ nwanyị ndị a bụ ndị ọrụ mmekọahụ na-azụ ahịa, ndị na-ehicha ihe na ndị na-esi nri na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ mmanya na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ndị na-enweghị ike ịkwụ ụgwọ ụlọ ha n'ihi ọnọdụ mberede na mpaghara Tigray nke machibidoro ụlọ mmanya na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ abalị.

Na Febụwarị 2021 n'oge Agha Tigray, Weyni Abraha nke Yikono gbara ajụjụ ọnụ site na BBC News banyere ime ihe ike mmekọahụ na Agha Tig ray, nke ọ rụrụ ụka na a na-eji ya eme ihe dị ka ngwá agha agha.  O kwuru,
 

## Ebem si dee
National Association for Women's Suffrage (Norway)

The **National Association for Women's Suffrage** (, LSKF) was a Norwegian association for women suffrage, active from 1898 until 1913. It was founded by members of the Norwegian Association for Women's Rights (NKF), and the two organizations were closely related, at times sharing the same president.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Tọrọ ntọala dị ka ndị otu NKF dị ka òtù ịtụ vootu mba, n'ụzọ dị iche na òtù ntuli aka gara aga, Kvindestemmeretsforeningen (1885-1913), nke bụ naanị nzukọ mpaghara maka isi obodo Oslo. LSKF nwere usoro ihe omume dịtụ na-aga n'ihu karịa Kvindestemmeretsforeningen na Landskvinnestemmerettsforeningen bụ ma nọgide na-abụ ndị otu Norwegian Association for Women's Rights (NKF), na nguzobe nke òtù ndị na-ahụ maka nhọpụta anaghị anọchite anya nkewa. N'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, LSKF na NKF nwere otu onye isi oche, Fredrikke Marie Qvam, ruo ọtụtụ afọ, òtù abụọ ahụ jikọtara ọnụ. NKF na-ele LSKF anya dị ka onye enyemaka ya n'oge gara aga, ma keta ndị otu LSKF nke International Alliance of Women (IAW) na 1937. N'ihi ya, NKF na-ele onwe ya anya dị ka onye nlekọta na onye nketa nke LSKF.

E hiwere LSKF dị ka ngagharị iwe maka mgbanwe ịtụ vootu nke 1898, mgbe e nwetara ntuli aka ụmụ nwoke, ebe a hapụrụ ụmụ nwanyị. N'afọ mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ndị otu ahụ kwụsịrị ọchịchọ nke ụmụ nwanyị ịtụ vootu na aha 12 000 maka nzuko omeiwu. Na 1905, òtù ahụ kwadoro ịgbasa njikọ ahụ na Sweden. Site na 1906, ọ bụ akụkụ nke International Council of Women. Nzube nke òtù ahụ zutere ntinye nke ụmụ nwanyị ịtụ vootu na 1913. 

## Hụkwa

## Edensibia
Òtù Ụmụ nwanyị nke Norwegian Conservative Party

thumb|Sara Christie, onye guzobere na onye isi oche mbụ nke ''Høyrekvinners Landsforbund''
Norwegian Conservative Party's Women's Association (Norwegian: Høyrekvinners Landsforbund) was founded in 1925 to represent the interests of women members of the Conservative Party. In June 1994 it was dissolved, to be replaced by Høyres Kvinneforum (Conservative Party's Women's Network).[1][2]

Òtù ụmụ nwanyị ahụ wuru na ahụmịhe nke Høirekvinneklubben (Conservative Women's Club) nke Elise Heyerdahl guzobere na 1910. Site na nguzobe nke njikọ ahụ na 1925, a tụrụ anya na site na ime ka ọrụ ha dị ọhụrụ, ụmụ nwanyị ga-enwe ike ịrụ ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị irè karị.

## Ndị isi Òtù Ụmụ nwanyị (1925-1994)

* 1925 Sara Christie
* 1927 Augusta Stang
* 1937 Judith Gram Skarland
* 1945 Johanna Thorén
* 1958 Claudia Olsen
* 1966 Berte Rognerud
* 1975 Karin Hafstad
* 1979 Mona Røkke
* 1985 Astrid Nøklebye Heiberg
* 1989 Siri Frost Sterri
* 1993 Erna Solberg

## Edensibia
Katarzyna Piekarska

Katarzyna Maria Piekarska (nke a na-akpọ [kataˈʐɨna pjɛˈkarska]; a mụrụ na 23 Septemba 1967 na Warsaw) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị aka ekpe Poland, onye otu Polish Initiative. 

Ọ bụ onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Uniwersytet Warszawski na iwu. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọka iwu.

A họpụtara ya na Sejm na 25 Septemba 2005, na-enweta votu 26511 na mpaghara Warsaw 19 dị ka onye na-azọ ọkwa site na ndepụta Democratic Left Alliance. Otú ọ dị, a họpụtaghị ya na ntuli aka 2007 

Ọ bụkwa onye otu Sejm 1993-1997, Sejm 1997-2001, na Sejm 2001-2005. N'oge nke atọ ya ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Justice and Human Rights commission.

Site na 2004 ruo 2005 ọ bụ osote onye isi oche nke otu ahụ na n'oge ntuli aka nke 2005 Onye isi oche nke mkpọsa Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz. 

N'afọ 2008, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ osote onye isi oche nke Democratic Left Alliance n'agbanyeghị na ọ bụghị onye otu ndị omeiwu.

.Ọ bụ onye a maara nke ọma na-akwado ọgwụgwọ ụkpụrụ omume nke ụmụ anụmanụ na onye anaghị eri anụ. Ọ na-edekwa abụ na egwuregwu. 

## Hụkwa

* Ndị otu Sejm Poland 2005-2007

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị
* Katarzyna Maria Piekarska - peeji nke ndị omeiwu - gụnyere nkwupụta nke mmasị, ndekọ ịtụ vootu, na ederede nke okwu.

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Łukasz Kohut

**Łukasz Marcin Kohut** (amụrụ na 10 Septemba 1982) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Poland nke na-eje ozi dị ka onye otu European Parliament kemgbe ntuli aka 2019. 

, Kohut kemgbe na-eje ozi na Kọmitii na Industry, Research na Energy. O mechara sonye na Kọmitii na Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (2020) [2] na Kọmitii Nyocha iji nyochaa ojiji nke Pegasus na spyware onyunyo (2022).   .  

Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ kọmitii ya, Kohut so na ndị nnọchi anya ndị omeiwu na EU-Serbia Stabilisation and Association Parliamentary Committee, maka mmekọrịta ya na Switzerland na Norway na EU-Iceland Joint Parliamentary Committee na European Economic Area (EEA).  Ọ bụkwa onye otu European Parliament Intergroup on Western Sahara,  European Parliament InterGroup on Traditional Minorities, National Communities and Languages,  na URBAN Intergroup.

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Kristoffer Karlsson

**Kristoffer Karlsson** (amụrụ 1984) bụ onye ọka ikpe bọọlụ Sweden. Ọ ghọrọ onye ọka ikpe ọkachamara na 2006, bụrụ onye ọka ikpe Allsvenskan kemgbe 2012 yana onye ọka ikpe mba ụwa zuru oke maka FIFA kemgbe 2018. Karlsson enyochala egwuregwu 146 na Allsvenskan, egwuregwu 57 na Superettan na egwuregwu mba ụwa 26 dịka nke 2019. 

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta ndị ọka ikpe bọọlụ

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Kristoffer Karlsson referee profile at Soccerway
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Joanna Scheuring-Wielgus

Joana Scheuring-Wielgus (a mụrụ na 8 February 1972) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Poland. Ọ bụ onye otu Sejm maka njikọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Left. [1] [2] Na Disemba 2023 a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ nke obodo na Ministry of Culture and National Heritage. [3]     .  N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2023, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ nke steeti na Ministry of Culture and National Heritage . 

A họpụtara ya dị ka onye otu European Parliament na 2024. 

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù Ịdị n'Otu (Sierra Leone)

Unity Party bụ òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Sierra Leone . Ọ bụ Femi Claudius Cole guzobere ya na 25 Ọktoba 2017.

Ọ bụ òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mbụ nke nwanyị guzobere n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Sierra Leone.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Ndị otu ahụ nwere ọfịs na Bo, Kenema, na Makeni.

Na mmekorita ya na West End Clinic, o guzobe otu Unity Movement Sierra Leone ihe ntinye aka nhoputa ndi ochichi site na mmemme mgbasa ozi ogwu eji eme ihe iji gwọọ oria iba, ọbara mgbali elu, oria shuga, na oria ndi ozo.[2] Atụmatụ a gụnyere nzụkọ obodo n'ime ime obodo.[2

## Echiche
Ebumnuche nke Unity Party bụ ime ka ndị Sierra Leone si n'agbụrụ niile gbakọọ aka na mgbalị ha na-eme iji melite mba ahụ. Isi ihe pati ahụ lekwasịrị anya bụ agụmakwụkwọ, ahụike, ịmepụta ọrụ na mmụba azụmahịa mba ụwa.

Ebumnuche nke Unity Party bụ: 

# Sierra Leone dị n'otu na nke nwere ọtụtụ agbụrụ.
# Atụmatụ maka inweta uto na mmepe.
# Ikpe ziri ezi, ịza ajụjụ, na iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe.
# Gọọmentị dị obere, nke lekwasịrị anya, na nke dị irè karị.
# Mkpebi iji belata na dịka o kwere mee, iji kpochapụ nrụrụ aka.
# Agụmakwụkwọ bụ isi, n'efu na nke mmadụ niile nwere ike ịnweta.
# Usoro nlekọta ahụike e mere iji dozie mkpa na ihe ịma aka nke ndụ na Sierra Leone.
# Ntinye ego na ịkwalite ọrụ ugbo iji nweta afọ ojuju na mmepụta nri.

## Akụkọ ntuli aka n'oge na-adịbeghị anya
Ndị otu Unity Party sonyere na ntuli aka 2018 General Election. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, otu Unity Party enweghị oche ntuli aka ọ bụla.

### Na ntuli aka onye isi ala
Cole malitere mkpọsa onye isi ala ya tupu edebanye aha pati ahụ n'akwụkwọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2017.

Cole guzoro dị ka onye na-azọ ọkwa na ntuli aka Sierra Leone, 2018 .   Ọ bụ naanị nwanyị na-azọ ọkwa onye isi ala na ntuli aka na nwanyị mbụ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme na-azọrọ ọkwa onye isi oche nke Sierra Leone.

Cole natara nkwado nke Isata Jabbie Kabbah, onye bụbu First Lady nke Sierra Leone na Dr.Nemata Majeks Walker, onye guzobere 50/50 Sierra Leone Group. 

Òtù Unity Party meriri 0.2% nke votu na 2018 General Election. 

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* Femi Claudius Cole
* ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Sierra Leone
* Ụmụ nwanyị na Sierra Leone
* Nemata Majeks-Walker

## Ihe odide
Entuzjastki

Entuzjastki bụ òtù ụmụ nwanyị Poland, nke a gụrụ dị ka nzukọ ụmụ nwanyị mbụ na Poland. Ọ bụ mkpakọrịta na-aga n'ihu nke otu ìgwè ụmụ nwanyị nwere ọgụgụ isi guzobere na 1830 na-akwado ikike hà nhata n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị. Ọ gbara nnwere onwe nke ụmụ nwanyị ume ma were agụmakwụkwọ, ndụ ọkachamara na nnwere onwe akụ na ụba nke a nyere dị ka ụzọ isi mezuo nke a. 

E hiwere isi na Narcyza Żmichowska. Ndị otu ya gụnyere Emilia Gosselin, Wiktoria Lewińska, Zofia Mielęcka-Węgierska, Bibianna Moraczewska, Faustyna Morzycka, Kryspina Siewielińska-Stelmowska, Anna z Sokołowskich Skimborowiczowa, Wincenta Zabłocka, Paulina Zbyszewska, na Kazimiera Ziemicęka. 

## Ihe odide

* Aneta Górnicka-Boratyńska: Ịnọ n'ụgbọelu. Antologia polskich tekstów feministycznych z lat 1870-1939. Warszawa: 1999.
Òtù Ụmụ nwanyị nke Mba

National Women's Organization (NOK) (Polish: Narodowa Organizacja Kobiet) bụ nzukọ ụmụ nwanyị Poland. E hiwere ya na 1918 dị ka alaka nke otu National Democracy. Ọ bụ òtù ụmụ nwanyị Conservative katọlik gbara ụmụ nwanyị na-ekwusi ike ume ka ha sonye na ọha mmadụ. 

## Edensibia

* Robert Kotowski: N'ihi ya, ọ bụ Narodowa Organizacja Kobiet w dwudziestoleciu Dominwonymjen. W: Agnieszka Janiak-Jasińska, Katarzyna Sierakowska, Andrzej Szwarc: Działaczki spoin, feministki, obywatelki. Samoorganizowanie się kobiet po 1918 roku (na tle porównawczym). Nke Abụọ Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Neriton, 2009, s. 275-286.  .   (N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'ihi ya ka a ga-eji mee ihe.)
Òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ụmụ nwanyị na-aga n'ihu

Women's Political Club (Polish: Klub Polityczny Kobiet Postępowych) bụ nzukọ ụmụ nwanyị Poland. E hiwere ya na 1919 iji gbaa ụmụ nwanyị ume iji ikike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọhụrụ na ịha nhatanha enyere na iwu nke steeti Poland ọhụrụ na mpaghara niile nke ọha mmadụ. Ọ bụ klọb ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-aga n'ihu maka ụmụ nwanyị gụrụ akwụkwọ. 

## Edensibia

* Polskie Kobiece Stowarzyszenia i Związki Współpracy Międzynarodowej Kobiet, oprac. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 49.
Związek Pracy Obywatelskiej Kobiet

**Związek Pracy Obywatelskiej Kobiet (ZPOK) ** bụ òtù ụmụ nwanyị Poland. Józef Piłsudski guzobere ya na 1928 iji gbaa ụmụ nwanyị ume itinye aka na ndụ ọha na eze.

## Ihe odide

Organizacje kobiece w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym. W: Kamilla Łozowska-Marcinkowska: Sprawy niewieście. Problematyka czasopism kobiecych Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej . Poznań: Wydawnictwo Poznańskie, 2010, s. 40.