open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Katie Beckett Mgbaghara nke ndị na-ahụ maka ọgwụ

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|280x280px| Onye isi ala Ronald Reagan zutere Katie Beckett, ya na nne na nna ya, Julie na Mark Beckett ka Onye isi ala na-ahụ na Air Force One na tarmac nke Cedar Rapids Municipal Airport, Iowa, 20 September 1984. Foto sitere n'aka  onye na-ese foto White House Michael Evans, site n'ikike nke Ronald Reagan Presidential Library .
Agbaghara Katie Beckett ma ọ bụ TEFRA bụ nkwụghachi ụgwọ Medicaid gbasara ntozu ego maka ọrụ Medicaid dabere n'ihe maka mmepụta na-eru ire afụ na mba.  Tupu igwe Katie Beckett, ọ na-enwe nwe ike mkpa dị mkpa mkpa ọ bụrụ n'ihe, ego nwata ahụ ga-ewere na ọ ịkpọ ego niile nke nne na nna maka ihe nkiri ntozu Medicaid.  obere mgbe ụlọ ọgwụ gachara ihe ụmụaka ụbọchị iri atɔ, ego ndị nne na nna nnapụta na nwata ahụ, na-enye nwata ahụ ọba iru eru maka ụwa Medicaid.  Ahịrị ya bụ na nọmba, obere ike በቀላሉ-vidin , debere ụmụ ha n' Medicaid dị oke ọnụ iji ihe a na-eji ụbọchị 30 Medicaid.  Katie Beckett waivers na-ekwe ka Medicaid ndị ọrụ maka mmepụta nke n'iche, n'agbanyeghị ego nne na nna na-enweta, n'ịbụ nkwado ebe ndabere n'iche ga-eri ihe na- Italy ma ọ bụ otu otu  ọgwụ ọgwụ

Akpọrọ aha nkwụghachi ụgwọ maka Katie Beckett, onye dị afọ atọ nke nọ n'ibu ọgwụ site na nwata ka o wee jụrụ ikuku mgbe ọrịa encephalitis nke nje butere ya, ahụ ahụ hụrụ n'ụzọ na-emetụta ike iku ume.  [1] Mgbe ọnọdụ ya rutere n'uche nke ụmụaka Reagan ọhụrụ a na-egosi, mgbe ahụ na-ahụ ike ike mbụ ya, ahụ weghaara ihe ahụ dị ka ụzọ isi dozie ma elele nke Medicaid.

A na-akpọkwa nkwụghachi ụgwọ TEFRA n'ihi na agafere ya dị ka onunu nke ụtụ isi na ụtụ isi nke 1982 .  Ndị nwere ikike nwere ike ịgafe n'iche Medicaid na ndị na-eje ozi na Nkwụsị Ọrụ dabere na obodo ka ha dị afụ iri na basa

## Background na iwu
Mary Katherine Beckett na 9 Maachị 1978 na St. Luke's Hospital, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, na nne na nna Julie na Mark Beckett.  N'ime ụnwa anọ, o butere nje encephalitis .  Mfụfụ nke ntakiri mere ka ọ gbasaa n'ụra wee mee ka ahụ hụnwụrụ ya nke nke metụrụ ike iku ume ya na nnukwu odo .  Ihe isi ike iku ume ya mmetụta ka ọkụ na igwe ikuku na-eku ume ọtụtụ awa n'ụbọchị

Beckett dịrị ndụ ruo afọ 34, okpukpu atọ nke ndị dibịa ya buru amụma. Ọ nwụrụ na 18 May 2012 n'otu ụlọ ọgwụ a mụrụ ya. 

## Hụkwa

* gburugburu kacha mmachibido
* Mwepu Medicaid
* Ụlọ Medicaid na Ụlọ na Nkwụsị Ọrụ dabere na obodo
* Olmstead v. LC

## Ntụaka

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ

* 
* 
* 
Òtù:Aha
Ego na-adịgide adịgide

.Na United States, ego na-adịgide adịgide bụ otu n'ime ụdị ego ụdị ise nke GAAP adi.  A na-ekewa ya dị ka ezigbo ego inye onyinye maka ndị na-enye ndị otu ihe njikwa.  N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ dị mfe, ọrụ ike iji ego na-agwụ agwụ wepụta na inye ndị nwe nwe ikike ikike nketaing site na ntozu ma ọ bụ mmetụta, dị ka ọ dị n'ihe ụmụ amaala Alaska ma ọ bụ ndị bi.  na ya na-emeju iwu maka iwere saịtị na ego ha na-adịgide adịgide site na ụtụ ụtụ ala.  Ebu ụzọ weba ya site na mgbochi GASB 34 .  Aha nke ego ahụ sitere na nke ego ahụ: nchikota nha nha ejiri na- ፈለገ eje ozi na-adịgide iji ike na-enwe ụfọdụ ego.  Ọzọkwa, akụrụngwa ike kewaa ego dị ka ego na-adịgide adịgide ma ọ bụrụ na ego ahụ kọọkọ nke akụ ego amachibidoro.  Amachibidoro akụ ahụ echiche na ọ bụ naanị ego sitere na nọmba ka a na-eji ọ bụghị isi .  apeere, ike ịkewa ego dịka ego na-adịgide adịgide ma ọ bụrụ na ejiri ya ego maka ọrụ ego maka mgbasa ozi mgbasa nke ebe ili ozu onyinye ma ọ bụ onyinye ego n'ebe ọbá akwụkwọ na-achị.

Echiche na-ezighi ezi bụ na a chọrọ ego na-adịgide adịgide maka ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị nwere ebumnuche pụrụ iche bụ ndị na-eme naanị ụdị azụmahịa. Otú ọ dị, nke a abụghị ikpe. Dị ka nkwupụta 34 si kwuo, ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị ahụ nwere ebumnuche pụrụ iche kwesịrị naanị ịkọ nguzozi net nke akụrụngwa amachibidoro.

## Hụkwa

* Ego nke Petroleum nke Norway
* Ego ụlọ akwụkwọ na-adịgide adịgide - na-akwado ụlọ akwụkwọ K-12 dị na Texas, nke kachasị site na ego mmanụ na gas.
* Ego mahadum na-adịgide adịgide - na-akwado mahadum dị na Texas, ọkachasị site na ego mmanụ na gas.
* Ego Alaska Permanent Fund na-enye ndị bi na steeti Alaska ego kwa afọ
* Ụlọ ọrụ ọha
* Nnyocha ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị na-aza ajụjụ nke Ngalaba Nchebe
* Iwu Federal Accountability Act (Canada)

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ụlọ ọrụ ndekọ ego gọọmentị GAO
* PDF - Sistemụ Akaụntụ Akaụntụ Isi Ego  (Enyere ikike ikwu okwu na akwụkwọ ahụ)
* - A ga-azụrịrị akwụkwọ dị n'elu &#x5B; ** &#x5D;
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Ihe Mara Mma Maka Chineke

.Ihe mara mma maka Chineke bụ akwụkwọ 1971 nke Malcolm Muggeridge dere na Mother Teresa .  [1] [2] [3] Akwụkwọ a dabere na akwụkwọ ozi BBC 1969 na Mother Teresa (nke ike Ihe Mara Mma maka Chukwu ) [4] nke Muggeridge mere 

N'akwụkwọ ya Muggerridge bụ onye bụbu onye na-agba aka ekpe.  Ọ bịara nwee ike ịgụ akwụkwọ maka ndị Kọmunist mgbe ọ bụ onye nta ndị Moscow maka akwụkwọ akwụkwọ Guardian.  O mechara sonye na Gareth Jones nke Times nke London dị ka akụ ndị nta abụọ dị n'Ebe Ọdịda bere na- Ụnwụ nke Stalin's Forced na Ukraine.  Ndị Soviet gburugburu nde mmadụ anọ na mgbukpọ nke Holodomor.  Mgbe onye bụbu onye Kọmunist na onye na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu na-achọpụtara ọrụ nke iwu Nne Teresa nke ndị nọn na Calcutta's House of the Deing, ọ na-ewepụ nchekwa nke mechara me ka ọ bata na esere na 1982

HarperCollins (bụ nke mbụ akwụkwọ a).  ).

## Nkatọ
 N'akwụkwọ ya bụ The Missionary Position: Mother Teresa in Theory and Practice nakwa na akwụkwọ akụkọ 1994 nke aha ya bụ Hell's Angel onye nta akụkọ Christopher Hitchens kparịrị Muggeridge dị ka "mgbawa ochie ahụ na mountebank".  Hitchens wepụrụ dị ka ihe nwere ike ịkọwa akụkọ nke ọrụ ebube "ìhè dị nsọ" nke Muggeridge kwuru na ọ gbara ama n'Ụlọ Calcutta nke Ịnwụ anwụ.  Mgbe ọ na-ekiri ihe nkiri ihe nkiri ahụ mara mma maka Chukwu, Muggeridge kwuru na ihe onyonyo a doro anya na “ìhè Chineke” nke Teresa.  Ọ bụ ezie na Muggeridge kọwara n'ụzọ doro anya n'akwụkwọ ahụ ka o si nwaa otu ihe ahụ na akwụkwọ akụkọ ọzọ na Middle East na ọ naghị arụ ọrụ, Hitchens ka na-atụle na nkọwa nke Muggeridge ji kọwaa ihe ndị ọ hụrụ na Calcutta na mgbasa ozi sitere na ya gbasara ihe omume ndị ahụ nyere nne nne.  Aha Serap nke Teresa

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Aha
Onyinye Ịsọ mpi agụmakwụkwọ

The Academic Competitiveness Grant, nke a na-akpọkarị ACG, bụ onyinye ndị isi etiti echekwabara maka ụmụ akwụkwọ nwere nnukwu mkpa maka mbọ ego ịga ụlọ akwụkwọ.  Iji ruo eruo maka onyo a, ụmụ akwụkwọ ga-Likarịrị usoro ndị a niile

# Ha ga-abụrịrị nwa amaala United States ma ọ bụ onye tozuru etozu na-abụghị nwa amaala;
# Ha ga-abụrịrị Federal Pell Grant tozuru oke;
# A ga-edebanye aha ha ma ọ dịkarịa ala ọkara oge na mmemme ogo;
# Ha ga-anọrịrị n'afọ mbụ ma ọ bụ nke abụọ nke ọmụmụ na ụlọ akwụkwọ na-enye afọ abụọ ma ọ bụ afọ anọ;
# Ụmụ akwụkwọ afọ mbụ agaghị edebanye aha na mbụ na mmemme mahadum ;
# Ụmụ akwụkwọ afọ nke abụọ ga-enwerịrị opekata mpe 3.0 GPA na nha 4.0 maka afọ mbụ ha.

ACG nyere ihe ruru $750 maka afọ mbụ yana $1300 maka afọ nke abụọ nke ọmụmụ.

ACG adịkwaghị ka nke afọ enyemaka ego 2011-2012 n'ihi mbelata gọọmentị. 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Edemede Ngalaba Mmụta na ACG Grant.
* Onyinye asọmpi agụmakwụkwọ

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Ógbè Nne Teresa

Mother Teresa Regional School (MTRS) bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ, nke nyere akara ule pre-K ruo ọrụ, na Diocese nke Trenton na Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey, USA.  Onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ bụ Tom Sorci tupu emechi ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ.  MTRS nyere mmemme mmemme ma gbaa ụmụ akwụkwọ ume aka na ụlọ akwụkwọ dị iche iche na otu ụlọ akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ.  Ekewara afọ akwụkwọ n'ime ọnwa atọ.

## Egwuregwu
.egwuregwu egwuregwu ọ nyere basketball, baseball, track na New Jersey Devils na-akwado mmemme hockey n'ala "Street Devils", bụ nke na-agba maka oge abụọ n'afọ ọ mgbasa, n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ na mmiri.  egwuregwu hockey ahụ egwuregwula aka na egwuregwu nke ndị egwuregwu NHL mbụ Grant Marshall, Jim Dowd, na Bruce Driver bụ ndị na mmemme na ndị nne na nna, egwuregwu na ndị egwuregwu.  Dowd bụ nke ndị isi ego iche nke "Hockey Cares" na September 24, 2011, bụ nke e welitere ihe ụmụaka $1000 iji rite uru ifufe nke mpaghara maka American Red Cross .  Ihe omume a na-ewu ewu nke ukwuu ma ya na ihe nke Monitor, akwụkwọ ozi-maka Diocese nke Trenton.  N'October 2013, otu egwuregwu hockey egwuregwu ọrụ ebere gbasara ọrịa ara a na-akpọ "rapara ya na ọrịa cancer", ebe eburula ihe ụmụaka $1,200

## Mmemme ahọpụtara
akwụkwọ mpaghara Mother Teresa nyere klaas dị iche iche maka ụlọ akwụkwọ.  Usoro ọgbụgba ọ àlà were ihe dị ka izu iri na abụọ, maka nke ọ ALA n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ adụ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ.  Ụmụ akwụkwọ akụkọ atọ n'ime mmemme ndị a, ụfọdụ n'ime ha adịghị enye ebe ọ gbakwunye ọzọ na steeti: ahụ nkà, nkà, American Civil War, Agha mgbochi nke, Baking, Irish History, Toddler Time, Psychology for Kids  , Photography, Kọmputa Nrụzi, ọrụ, akwụkwọ afọ, na ụmụaka na-arụ mma.

## Ụlọ akwụkwọ mmụta
Malite n'October 2011, ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ malitere Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Ọmụmụ, nke na-enye mmemme nkwalite ụlọ akwụkwọ na ngwụcha izu maka ụmụ akwụkwọ dị afọ abụọ ruo iri na anọ na mpaghara Bayshore. Mmemme ndị a ghere oghe nye ụmụaka niile, ọ bụghị naanị ụmụ akwụkwọ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ ụmụaka ndị parish. Ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ ahụ chọrọ ịnye ihe karịrị mmemme iri abụọ kwa oge, gụnyere isiokwu dịka egwuregwu, akụkọ ihe mere eme, sayensị na ịgba egwu.

## Mmechi
Na June 2016, Diocese Trenton mara ọkwa na Mama Teresa ga-emechi.

## Njikọ mpụga

* Official website
* Closure: http://www.app.com/story/news/education/education-trends/2016/01/20/school-closures-deter-catholic-students/79005980/



## Ntụaka

Òtù:Aha
Bill Hammack

thumb|300x300px| Bill Hammack na-akọwa ọdịiche dị n'etiti Betamax na VHS ndekọ
thumb|300x300px| Vidio nke Bill Hammack na-akọwa ka ihe nkiri ihe nkiri si arụ ọrụ
**William (Bill) S. Hammack** (amụrụ 1961) bụ onye injinia kemịkalụ America, na prọfesọ na ngalaba injinịa kemịkalụ na Mahadum Illinois na Urbana – Champaign .  Hammack nwetara BS ya na injinịa kemịkalụ na 1984 site na Mahadum Teknụzụ Teknụzụ Michigan . 

A maara Hammack nke ọma maka ọrụ ya na nkwurịta okwu sayensị dị ka onye *engineer Guy* : n'etiti 1999 na 2005 o mepụtara nkọwa redio maka Illinois Public Media, na malite na 2010, ọ na-emepụta ihe nkiri vidio mgbe niile na YouTube na-akọwa injinia nke ihe kwa ụbọchị.  Ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ndị dere akwụkwọ akụkọ *Eight Amazing Engineering Stories* .  

## Ihe nrite
N'afọ 2002, e nyere Hammack nrite Ụka Edwin F.  Na 2019, e nyere ya onyinye Carl Sagan maka ekele ọha na eze nke sayensị . 

Na 2022, a họpụtara Hammack ka ọ bụrụ National Academy of Engineering . 

## Edensibia
redio maka Illinois Public Media, na malite na 2010, ọ na-emepụta ihe nkiri vidio mgbe niile na YouTube na-akọwa injinia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Engineer Guy
* Onye injinia Guy YouTube Channel
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
David Hajjar

**David P Hajjar** (amuru Septemba 13, 1952) bu onye sayensi America, onye isi ulo akwukwo, na prọfesọ nke pathology na biochemistry na Mahadum Cornell. A maara ya nke ọma maka ọrụ ya na ịzụ ahịa cholesterol arterial.

## Akụkọ ndụ
Hajjar nwetara BA ya na 1974 site na American International College na Springfield, Massachusetts . Ọ natara MS ya na biochemistry na 1977 yana Ph.D. na biochemistry na 1978, ha abụọ sitere na Mahadum New Hampshire . Site na 1978 ruo 1980, ọ gụchara ọzụzụ postdoctoral na pathology na Weill Cornell Medicine / Mahadum Cornell dị na New York City, na site na 1980 ruo 1981, ọ gụchara ọzụzụ postdoctoral na biochemistry na Mahadum Rockefeller . Kemgbe 1981, ọ jere ozi na ngalaba nke Weill Cornell Medicine dị ka Prọfesọ nke Pathology na Biochemistry, gụnyere dị ka Frank Rhodes Distinguished Prọfesọ nke Cardiovascular Biology na Genetics.  Na 2016, Mahadum Cornell họpụtara ya Prọfesọ Ọpụrụiche Mahadum. N'oge ọrụ nyocha ya, o bipụtala ihe dị ka akwụkwọ 200 gbasara ọrịa ọrịa obi.

Hajjar jere ozi na nchịkwa Weill Cornell Medicine, gụnyere dị ka onye isi nke Center for Vascular Biology maka afọ 15, Dean nke Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Gụsịrị Akwụkwọ maka afọ 16, na onye isi osote onye isi nke Medical Affairs maka afọ 10. 

N'ime nkwanye ugwu na ihe nrite ya ka a họpụtara ịbụ onye otu na 2016 na American Academy of Arts and Sciences .  N'afọ 1995, e nyere Hajjar nzere Doctorate nke Sayensị Sayensị (D.Sc.), Honouris causa, nke American International College, na 2014 nyere ya Doctorate nke Humane Letters (D.Litt.), honoris causa, site na Mahadum nke New Hampshire.  Ọ natala ọtụtụ nyocha na onyinye mmụta sitere na American Society of Investigative Pathology maka ọrụ ya.

N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, Hajjar lekwasịrị anya na diplomacy sayensị na amụma dịka ha metụtara ahụike na ọrịa mmadụ. Ọ jere ozi na Council on Foreign Relations na dị ka onye isi otu na Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs na Harvard Kennedy School of Government,  dị ka onye ọkà mmụta Fulbright, yana onye Jefferson Science Fellow na Office of International Health. na Biodefense na United States Department of State,  na dị ka onye na-abụghị onye isi ụlọ ọrụ na Center for Middle East Policy na Brookings Institution . 

## Edensibia
Hampshire . Site na 1978 ruo 1980, ọ gụchara ọzụzụ postdoctoral na pathology na Weill Cornell Medicine / Mahadum Cornell dị na New

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Marianne C. Sharp

thumb|Marianne C. Sharp2.
Marianne Savage Clark Sharp (October 28, 1901 – Jenuarị 2, 1990) [1] bụ onye mbụ na ndị isi oche izugbe nke Otu Enyem-aka nke ọgbakọ-nsọ ​​nke Jizọs nke Ndị-nsọ na Ikpeazụ a otu na 1945 ruo  1974

## Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
 Amụrụ Marianne Clark, ọ bụ ada J. Reuben Clark, onye bụ onye otu ndị isi oche mbụ nke ọrụ LDS, na ozi ya Luacine Annetta Savage Clark.  [1] Aka Sharp na Grantsville, Utah.  Mgbe ọ na-etolite, ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ na Washington DC Marianne Clark gara Western High School ebe ọ bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ akwụkwọ wee gụchaa na 1919 dị ka onye na-ahụ maka klaassị ya.

 Marianne Clark wee gaa n'ihu na Mahadum Utah, na-agụsị akwụkwọ na nsọpụrụ dị elu.[1]  Ọ gụrụ Asụsụ Ochie, [2] Ọ nwetara mkpakọrịta nkuzi n'asụsụ Latịn n'oge agadi ya na mahadum.  Sharp na gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1924 wee gaa n'ihu na-akụzi Latin na Mahadum Utah yana kwa na Stewart Training School.

Na 1927 ọ ngosi Ivor Sharp na Temple Salt Lake.  N'ime afọ iri sochirinụ, o biri na New York City .  Mgbe ọ nọ ebe ahụ, ọ jere ozi ruo oge ụfọdụ dị ka onye isi oche Relief Society.  Site na 1938 na o biri na Salt Lake City, Utah .

## Ọrụ ụka
Sharp jere ozi na Board General Relief Society maka afọ 34. [1] A mgbaàmà ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche nke Relief Society General Presidency na 1940. [2] J. Reuben Clark nwara ime ka onye isi oche Otu Enyem-aka Belle  S. Spafford mba ịhọpụta nwa ya dị ka onye adi.  Na 1943, ọ URL onye nchịkọta akụkọ otu akwụkwọ ozi Relief Society Magazine [2] ruo 1945 ] [ ọ-ፈልግ onye nchịkọta ya.  Ọ isi na-edezi ya ruo mgbe ọpụta ibipụta ya na January 1971. [2] E mere Sharp onye isi oche nke Relief Society na 1945.

Enyere Sharp nzere doctorate nke Humanities sitere na Mahadum Brigham Young na 1974. [1] Ọ jere ozi n'ọtụtụ ọrụ n'oge ndụ ya niile, dịka onye otu ndị isi nke ụlọ ọgwụ LDS na ụlọ ọrụ Primary.  Ọ bụkwa onye so na kọmitii Industries General Deseret .  Sharp bụ onye akwụkwọ akwụkwọ Ensign ma bụrụ onye nke Kọmitii Ọzụzụ Ndị Bishọprị maka ọrịka.  [1] Ọ bụkwa onye anụ na International Council of Women na ihe na Washington, DC, na Toronto .

Sharp nwụrụ na Salt Lake City, Utah, na Jenụwarị 2, 1990. 

## Mbipụta
 

### Akụkọ
 

## Ntụaka

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* Quinn, D. Michael . *J. Reuben Clark: Afọ Ụka* . Provo: Brigham Young University Press, 1983. p.&nbsp;92-93.
Òtù:Aha
Ọrụ Enyemaka Azụmaahịa

Charity Azụmahịa Ikikere ( LTC ) bụ ọrụ ebere edebanyere aha na United Kingdom na-elekọta ndị na-arụ ọrụ na, ma ọ bụ lara ezumike nka, ahia ihe nwera nzere na ndị dabere ha.

Emebere ya dị ka ọrụ ebere edebanyere aha n'okpuru iwu Bekee, isi ụlọ ọrụ dị na Ascot, Berkshire

E hiwere ya site na akwụkwọ ikike eze nke 3 Mee 1836 dị ka Society of Licensed Victuallers wee nakwere aha arụ ọrụ Licensed Trade Charity na 2004 na-eso ọrụ na ọrụ ebere Victuallers National Homes

## Ihe omume
 Otu n'ime ọrụ ebere ahụ bụ inye aka ego, nkwado na ụlọ ezumike nka.  Ọ bụ onye na-eketa òkè na onye na-ebi akwụkwọ nke Morning Advertiser, akwụkwọ akwụkwọ nke ahia ikike

### Ụlọ akwụkwọ
Charity Azụmaahịa Ikikere na-arụ ụlọ atọ mepere maka ọha na eze: Schoollọ akwụkwọ ikike dị nso Ascot, Berkshire, ụlọ akwụkwọ nwere ikike niile maka ụmụ akwụkwọ sitere na 4–18 yana LVS Hassocks na LVS Oxford, ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị akwụkwọ  abụọ.  maka ndị na-eto eto nwere nsogbu.

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta otu dị na United Kingdom nwere akwụkwọ ikike eze
* Ndepụta nke otu nwere akwụkwọ ikike eze Britain
* Ụlọ ọrụ na-efe ofufe nke ndị nwe ụlọ

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Weebụsaịtị Charity Charity nyere ikike
* Weebụsaịtị ''mgbasa ozi ụtụtụ''
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Òtù Ndị Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Dị Ndụ n'Ụwa Nile

**International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups** (ma ọ bụ **ICBG** ) bụ mmemme n'okpuru National Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation na USAID guzobere na 1993 iji kwalite nyocha imekọ ihe ọnụ n'etiti mahadum America na ụlọ ọrụ nyocha na mba ndị na-ebufe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa pụrụ iche n'ụdị ụdị dị iche iche - omume. mara dị ka bioprospecting . Ebumnuche bụ isi nke mmemme a bụ iji rite uru ma obodo ndị ọbịa na obodo sayensị zuru ụwa ọnụ site n'ịchọpụta na nyocha ohere maka ngwọta ọhụrụ maka nsogbu ahụike mmadụ dabere na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-adịbeghị anya. Ya mere, ọ na-achọ ichekwa ụdị ndụ dị iche iche, na ịkwalite, ịkwado na ịkwado omume na-adigide nke ojiji nke ihe ndị dị ndụ. Otu onye isi nyocha bụ onye na-ahazi mbọ nyocha nke na-enwekarị alaka na US na mba ndị ọbịa yana na mba nke ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ. Enwere otu International Cooperative Biodiversity dị ugbu a na-arụ ọrụ na Latin America, Africa, Asia na Papua-New Guinea .       Ndị Maya ICBG, otu nke raara onwe ya nye ịnakọta ihe ọmụma ethnobiological nke ndị Maya nke Chiapas, Mexico nke Dr. Brent Berlin na-eduzi mechiri na 2001 mgbe afọ abụọ nke ego gasịrị mgbe ebubo ebubo na ha enwetaghị nkwenye mbụ.    

## Edensibia
iche iche, na ịkwalite, ịkwado na ịkwado omume na-adigide nke ojiji nke ihe ndị dị ndụ. Otu onye isi nyocha bụ onye na-ahazi mbọ nyocha nke na-enwekarị alaka na US na
Alexander Yates

**Alexander Elessar Yates**  (amuru June 1, 1982, na Port au Prince, Haiti ) bu onye ode akwukwo akuko nke America, na onye ode akwukwo .

## Ndụ
Nwa nwoke onye nnọchi anya mba America, Yates tolitere na Caribbean na South America, gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Philippines .  O nwetara BA na Mahadum Virginia na 2004  na MFA sitere na Mahadum Syracuse na 2009.  Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Yates were ọrụ na American Embassy na Philippines, na kemgbe na-eje ozi na US Agency for International Development na Rwanda na Afghanistan .  O bipụtala otu akwụkwọ akụkọ maka ndị okenye, abụọ maka ndị na-eto eto. 

Akụkọ ya na edemede ya pụtakwara na Salon,  The Guardian,  Akwadoro Ọgụgụ,  na Kenyon Review . 

Ọ bi na Hanoi, Vietnam . 

## Ihe nrite
Tupu ya agụsị akwụkwọ na mmemme MFA na Mahadum Syracuse, Yates nwetara ihe nrite Joyce Carol Oates na akụkọ ifo na uri.  Akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, *Moondogs*, edepụtara n'etiti mpụta mbụ kacha mma nke 2011 site na Kirkus Reviews .  Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya nke abụọ, *Ebe Winter*, bụ nhọrọ nke Junior Library Guild  na Kansas State Reading Circle. 

## Na-arụ ọrụ

### Akwụkwọ akụkọ

* *Otu anyị si ghọọ ndị ajọ omume* ( Akwụkwọ Atheneum maka Ndị Na-agụ Akwụkwọ Na-eto Eto, 2019) 
* *Ebe oyi* (Akwụkwọ Atheneum maka Ndị Na-agụ Akwụkwọ Na-eto Eto, 2015) 
* *Moondogs* ( Ụbọchị abụọ, 2011) 

### Akụkọ ifo dị mkpụmkpụ

* “Valentine”, Ọgụgụ akwadoro
* “Millionaire”, Nyochaa Kenyon
* "Amaara m ha maka ọnya ha", Salon

### Akụkọ mgbe ochie

* Lincoln Michael na Nadxeli Nieto, ed. (2015). "Gypsee". *Ụwa Gigantic* . Akwụkwọ Gigantic.  . 

## Edensibia
Syracuse, Yates nwetara ihe nrite Joyce Carol Oates na akụkọ ifo na uri.  Akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, Moondogs, edepụtara n'etiti
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Nchịkwa Nkwado Mba Nile

Nkè i**nternational Cooperation Administration** ( **ICA** ) bụ ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị United States na-arụ ọrụ site na June 30, 1955, ruo Septemba 4, 1961, na-ahụ maka enyemaka mba ọzọ na mmemme 'nchekwa na-abụghị ndị agha'. Ọ bụ onye bu ụzọ nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Mmepe Mba Nile nke United States ugbu a.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|276x276px| ''The Shield'', akwụkwọ maka ndị ọrụ ICA
Ndị nnọchi anya ngalaba ikike ikike 85 nke United States hibere nchịkwa mmekọrịta mba ụwa (ICA), site na June 30, 1955, dabere na EO 10610, Mee 9, 1955. Onye bu ya ụzọ bụ Nchịkwa Ọrụ Ofesi (FOA) tọrọ ntọala na 1953. Otu abụọ a chịkọtara ọrụ enyemaka mba ofesi ma duzie mmemme nchekwa na-abụghị ndị agha maka United States. Na Septemba 4, 1961, a kagburu ICA site na iwu nke Congress (75 Stat. 446) ma nyefee ọrụ niile na US Agency for International Development .   

ICA nwere ọtụtụ ngalaba ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara haziri. Ha gụnyere Institute of Inter-American Affairs.

## Ndekọ akụkọ ihe mere eme
Ihe ndekọ akụkọ ihe mere eme sitere na Ọfịs nke Ọzụzụ Ndị sonyere, gụnyere ndị metụtara nhazi nke ọzụzụ mba atọ na Europe (1951-61) ka dị, dị ka ozi US na NATO na European Regional Organisation (USRO) na-akọ banyere ọzụzụ mba atọ na Europe (1956–60).

Ihe atụ nke akụkọ ihe nkiri na-adị ndụ gụnyere "Akụkọ nye ndị America na nkwado nka nka" (1955), na-egosi enyemaka US na Afghanistan, Ecuador, Ethiopia, India, Indochina, Indonesia, Libya, Paraguay, Sudan, na Thailand, na "Ike maka Udo "(1955), na-akọwa mmemme enyemaka ndị agha US na imekọ ihe ọnụ na North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, Ndịda Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Treaty Organisation na mba Rio Pact .

## Edensibia
Ndị sonyere, gụnyere ndị metụtara nhazi nke ọzụzụ mba atọ na Europe (1951-61) ka dị, dị ka ozi US na NATO na European Regional

## Njikọ mpụga
 

* Akwụkwọ ndị ICA, USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse dere ma ọ bụ kwadoo ya (USAID/DEC)
* Akwụkwọ ndị Institute of Inter-American Affairs dere ma ọ bụ kwadoro ya dị na USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse (USAID/DEC)
Ọfịs nke Inspector General, U.S. Agency for International Development

**Ọfịs Inspector General** (OIG) na US Agency for International Development (USAID) na-ahụ maka ịchọpụta na igbochi wayo, mkpofu, mmegbu, na mmebi iwu na ịkwalite akụ na ụba, arụmọrụ na ịdị irè na ọrụ USAID, Millennium. Ụlọ ọrụ ịma aka, United States African Development Foundation, na Inter-American Foundation .

OIG na-emezu ọrụ ndị a site n'ime nyocha, nyocha na nyocha ndị ọzọ. A na-akọpụta mmezu OIG na mkpesa ọkara afọ nye Congress.  Atụmatụ na akụkọ nke OIG bipụtara,  akaebe,  na mbipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ  dị na webụsaịtị ya.  Iwu dị n'okpuru na-ewepụta ikike, ọrụ, na mkpesa nke OIG bụ Iwu Inspector General nke 1978, dị ka emezigharịrị. 

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Inspectors General

## Edensibia
ezi, ụlọ ọrụ UPI nke Tokyo gbanwere isiokwu ya wee gụọ ụgha: " helikopta US na-achụpụ ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ US."  Ọ bụ ezie na van

## Njikọ mpụga

* Official website
22 Okporo ámá Gia Long

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Rooftop nke 22 Gia Long Street na 2002
**22 Gia Long Street** ( Vietnamese   , [ jaː iwu ] yah-lom ), now **22 Lý Tự Trọng Street** (  ), bụ ụlọ obibi dị na Ho Chi Minh City (nke a makwaara dị ka Saigon), obodo kachasị na Vietnam . Na 1975, onye na-ese foto Hubert van Es, na-arụ ọrụ maka UPI, weghaara foto mara mma nke ndị ọrụ gọọmentị US na-ebupụ obodo ahụ site na helikopta n'oge ọdịda nke Saigon, agha ikpeazụ nke Agha Vietnam . Mwepu a bụ koodu akpọrọ Operation Frequent Wind .

A kọsara ihe onyonyo a n'ọtụtụ ebe dịka ndị America na-agbaba n'elu ụlọ nke ụlọ ọrụ nnọchite anya United States iji banye helikopta.   N'ezie, ụlọ ahụ, nke a na-akpọ Pittman Apartments, nwere ndị ọrụ nke United States Agency for International Development (USAID), nke elu ụlọ ya bụ maka osote onye isi ọdụ ọdụ nke Central Intelligence Agency ; Ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya ahụ dị na 4 Thống Nhứt Boulevard (ugbu a Lê Duẩn Boulevard ), ihe dịka 950 metres (0.59 mi) na north-northeast.  Foto a na-egosi helikopta Air America Huey na-agbada n'elu ụlọ nke igwe mbuli elu iji chụpụ ndị ọrụ gọọmentị US ka ndị agha North Vietnamese People's Army nke Vietnam banyere Saigon. 

Nghọtahiekarị ihe foto a na-egosi na-esite na mgbanwe e mere na isiokwu foto a n'ụlọ ọrụ Tokyo nke United Press International (UPI).  Ọ bụ ezie na onye na-ese foto van Es nyefere foto ahụ na UPI nwere nkọwa ziri ezi, ụlọ ọrụ UPI nke Tokyo gbanwere isiokwu ya wee gụọ ụgha: " helikopta US na-achụpụ ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ US."  Ọ bụ ezie na van Es gbalịsiri ike imezi njehie ahụ ugboro ugboro, mbọ ya bụ "ihe efu" ma mesịa "hapụ."  Ya mere, dị ka van Es kọwara, "[O] otu n'ime ihe oyiyi a kacha mara amara nke Agha Vietnam na-egosi ihe ọzọ karịa ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ onye ọ bụla na-eche na ọ na-eme." 

Na njedebe nke agha ahụ, a kpọgharịrị Saigon Ho Chi Minh City, na Gia Long Street (aha ya maka eze ukwu Gia Long, chịrị 1802–1820) ka ahagharịrị Lý Tự Trọng Street, iji sọpụrụ onye ọchịchị Kọmunist dị afọ 17. site na French. A na-ahapụ ndị ọbịa ka ha banye n'elu ụlọ site na iburu igwe mbuli gaa n'ala nke itoolu.

Ka mwakpo ndị Taliban 2021 butere ọdịda Kabul, ndị nta akụkọ tụlere atụnyere nchụpụ ahụ na 22 Gia Long Street na onyonyo nke ịchụpụ helikopta na ụlọ ọrụ nnọchi anya US na Kabul .    BBC gara n'ihu na-akọwahie foto ahụ dịka ọ na-egosi ụlọ ọrụ ndị nnọchi anya US, mechara gbanwee gaa na "ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri CIA" adịghị adị. 

## Edensibia
ezi, ụlọ ọrụ UPI nke Tokyo gbanwere isiokwu ya wee gụọ ụgha: " helikopta US na-achụpụ ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ US."  Ọ bụ ezie na van

## Njikọ mpụga

*
Central African Regional Program for the Environment

áká_ịkẹngạ|200x200px
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|300x300px| Ndị ọrụ CARPE na-arụ ọrụ
**CARPE** **Central African Regional Programme for Environment** bụ atụmatụ United States Agency for International Development (USAID) iji kwalite njikwa akụ sitere n'okike na Congo Basin . Ebumnuche ya bụ ichekwa oke ọhịa dị na mba ndị dị ka Gabon, Cameroon na Republic of Congo na-enye ebe obibi dị mkpa maka ichekwa ihe ndị dị ndụ. CARPE na-arụ ọrụ iji belata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mmebi ọhịa na mfu nke ihe dị iche iche dị iche iche site n'ịkwado ndị otu ndị ọzọ ma na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ iji kwalite usoro mpaghara, mba, na mpaghara maka njikwa ihe onwunwe. 
áká_èkpè|thumb|304x304px| Mpaghara oke ọhịa Congo nke CARPE na-achọ ichebe
Ebe ọ bụ na 1997, CARPE na-arụ ọrụ na mpaghara echedoro dị ka Minkébé National Park dị n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Gabon na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na ụlọ ọrụ dị ka WWF ma nye ego yana European Union, UNESCO, Netherlands Development Cooperation na French Global Environment Ụlọ ọrụ (FFEM).

## Edensibia
ndị dị ndụ. CARPE na-arụ ọrụ iji belata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mmebi ọhịa na mfu nke ihe dị iche iche dị iche iche site n'ịkwado ndị
Onye nchịkwa nke United States Agency for International Development

**Onye nchịkwa nke United States Agency for International Development** bụ onye isi ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị etiti United States Agency for International Development (USAID).

Onye isi ala United States na-ahọpụta onye nchịkwa n'ihu ọha yana ndị Sineti United States kwadoro ya. Nhazigharị 2017 nke National Security Council nke US, tinye onye nchịkwa USAID ka onye na-adịgide adịgide na kọmitii ndị nnọchi anya. 

Ọnọdụ ahụ tọgbọrọ chakoo site na Nọvemba 6, 2020, ruo Jenụwarị 20, 2021, dịka onye na-ahụ maka ọrụ nchịkwa John Barsa amanyela arụkwaghịm n'okpuru iwu Federal Vacancies Reform Act nke 1998 chọrọ. Kama ịhọpụta Barsa na iziga ya na Senate US, Onye isi ala Donald Trump chụrụ osote onye isi nchịkwa Bonnie Glick ma kpọọ Barsa n'ọkwa ya n'ọkwá ọrụ, ebe ọ na-edebe ọnọdụ onye nchịkwa ohere. N'ihi ya, Barsa nọgidere bụrụ onye isi ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.  Ọchịchị Biden họpụtara Samantha Power ka ọ bụrụ onye nchịkwa na-esote, ndị Senate kwadoro ya na ntuli aka nke 68–26. 

## Ndepụta ndị nchịkwa

## Edensibia
ịhọpụta Barsa na iziga ya na Senate US, Onye isi ala Donald Trump chụrụ osote onye isi nchịkwa Bonnie Glick ma kpọọ Barsa n'ọkwa

## Njikọ mpụga

* Nduzi USAID
Ego Ndị Agha Na-egbu

Ego **Leahy War Victims Fund** na-enye ihe karịrị mmadụ 250,000 nwere nkwarụ na ngwaọrụ prosthetic na ọrụ ndozigharị ndị ọzọ na mba 40 site na US Agency for International Development .  

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Na 1985, n'oge Agha Contra, Vermont Senator Patrick J. Leahy gara Honduras - Nicaragua ókè na njem nlegharị anya n'eziokwu. Ọ hụrụ otu nwata nwoke dị afọ iri na otu ma ọ bụ iri na abụọ nọ n'ụkwụ na-efunahụ ya n'ihi ogbunigwe. Site n'aka onye nsụgharị, Leahy jụrụ ma ọ̀ bụ gọọmenti Sandinista ma ọ bụ ndị nnupụisi Contra tọgbọrọ ogbunigwe nwa okoro ahụ kpalitere. Nwatakịrị ahụ enweghị echiche, ọ ma na ndụ ya emebiela ruo mgbe ebighị ebi. Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị Central America Leahy enweghị ike ime ka nwata ahụ pụọ n'obi ya. 

N'afọ 1989, e hibere ego ahụ ka ọ bụrụ akara aka na iwu Congressional site n'aka Leahy.   Leahy na-akọ na mgbe ọ tụpụtara ego ahụ Ngalaba Steeti United States na USAID enweghị mmasị na inyere ndị agha aka ọgụ abụghị ihe mbụ gbasara amụma mba ofesi. Ọ bụghị "ebumnobi atụmatụ".  

Na mbụ, ego ahụ kwusiri ike ịkwado ndị ogbunigwe merụrụ ahụ. Ma ka oge na-aga, a gbasaa mmemme ahụ ka ọ gụnyere ndị nwere ọkpụkpụ azụ azụ, ụmụaka a mụrụ na ụkwụ osisi, na ndị nwere ọrịa ụbụrụ ụbụrụ na ọtụtụ ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ na-emetụta njem ma ọ bụ ọrụ anụ ahụ. 

Ego ahụ meghere mmekọrịta mba ụwa na Vietnam . 

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, Leahy War Victims Fund enyela ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde $225 aka karịa mba 50.  Ruo Jenụwarị 2008, e nyela ihe karịrị nde $112 site n'aka òtù 19 na-abụghị ndị gọọmentị na mba 28. 

## Mba ndị metụtara
Na Sri Lanka ihe omume ahụ gụnyere ọzụzụ nke ndị Sri Lanka na mba ofesi ka ha bụrụ ndị na-ahụ maka ọgwụgwọ anụ ahụ na ndị na-ahụ maka prosthetic, na-ewebata nkà na ụzụ polypropylene prosthetic na Sri Lanka ma gbasaa ọrụ nhazigharị na-agụnye ọzụzụ ọrụ, ngbanwe ọrụ, nkwado ndị ọgbọ na ịkwado ndị m metụtara. 

## Hụkwa

* Mgbasa ozi mba ụwa iji machibido ogbunigwe

## Edensibia
ahụ maka prosthetic, na-ewebata nkà na ụzụ polypropylene prosthetic na Sri Lanka ma gbasaa ọrụ nhazigharị na-agụnyeprosthetic na Sri Lanka ma gbasaa ọrụ nhazigharị na
Freenet (Ebe Etiti Eshia)

: *Edemede a na-akọwa usoro ịntanetị mba dị na Central Asia nke a na-akpọ *'freenet** .'' ''Edemede dị iche na-akọwa sọftụwia nkekọrịta faịlụ ndị ọgbọ na ndị ọgbọ **na-egbochi mmachi** nke a maara dị ka Freenet .'' ''Enwekwara netwọk kọmputa obodo dabere na ederede nke na-enye ọrụ ịntanetị nwere oke, na obere ego ma ọ bụ na-efu, ma mara ya dị ka "freenet."''

A na-akwado ọtụtụ netwọk [[Intanet|ịntanetị]] na Central Asia, kpọmkwem, [[Kazakhstan]], Kyrgyzstan na Uzbekistan. </link>USAID na ndị ọchịchị United States ndị  akpọ **Freenet** . N'adịghị ka sọftụwia na-ekesa faịlụ nke ndị ọgbọ na ndị ọgbọ nke a na-akpọ Freenet, bụ nke a na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nke na-eguzogide nke ọma, na n'ezie, iji mee ka nkesa ozi dịkwuo elu n'ihe gbasara mbọ nyocha, enwere obere ozi. gbasara nnwere onwe nke netwọkụ Central Asia site na nyocha nke ndị ọchịchị na-arụ ọrụ.

A malitere netwọk freenet ndị a na 1996 dị ka akụkụ nke ọrụ United States Information Agency (USIA) nke a maara dị ka Mmemme Ịnweta Ịntanetị na Ọzụzụ [https://www.comminit.com/global/content/internet-access-and-training-program-iatp-eastern-europe-central-asia IATP] . Ndị International Research &amp;amp; Exchanges Board (IREX) na-elekọta IATP ma kwadoro ya site na Iwu Nkwado nnwere onwe (FSA). Ebumnuche nke IATP bụ inyere mahadum aka inweta na ịzụlite akụrụngwa ịntanetị. Nke a gụnyere mmepe nke akụrụngwa dịka njikọta satịlaịtị, netwọk mpaghara mpaghara, ịnweta oku, na ụlọ nyocha kọmputa. Ọzọkwa oru ngo a zụrụ ndị ọrụ na ụmụ akwụkwọ na iji email na webụ iji kwado nyocha na nkwurịta okwu na ndị ọgbọ na-abụghị Central Asia.

IATP dị na Uzbekistan bụ onye mbụ jiri aha "freenet" mee ihe. Ka ọrụ ahụ dị na Uzbekistan malitere, a na-enye ndị otu na-abụghị ndị gọọmentị mpaghara (NGO) ohere ịnweta oku, ndị n'aka nke ya nyere nkwado maka ọrụ ahụ nke nyere ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị ọrụ na mahadum ohere ịnweta ịntanetị n'efu. Nke a bụ ebe echiche nke netwọk "free" malitere. Uzbekistan freenet malitere site n'aka onye nhazi mpaghara mpaghara IATP Christopher Parker yana Alexei Vostrikov na Boris Miller. The University of World Economy and Diplomacy (UWED) na Tashkent State University of Economics (TSUE) bụ mahadum mbụ na Uzbekistan na-enwe mgbe niile na ịntanetị. Emere nke a site na iji njikọ microwave jikọtara mahadum abụọ ahụ na njikọ VSAT nkekọrịta.

Netwọk ịntanetị ọzọ, nke UNDP malitere, gụnyere nkwado sitere na USAID, malitere na Armenia na 1997 ma kpọọkwa Freenet .   , ndị ọrụ **Freenet''' na Armenia enweghị ike ịnweta ibe weebụ na sava na-abụghị Armenia. Ewezuga mmachi a na ịnweta weebụsaịtị, amabeghị ogo nyocha na Freenet na Armenia.

## Njikọ mpụga
Iwu Nkwado nnwere onwe (FSA). Ebumnuche nke IATP bụ inyerIwu Nkwado nnwere onwe (FSA). Ebumnuche nke IATP bụ inyere mahadum aka inweta na ịzụlie mahadum aka inweta na ịzụlite akụrụngwa ịntanetị. Nke a

* Freenet (USAID na-akwado) na Kazakhstan
* Freenet (USAID na-akwado) na Kyrgyzstan
* Freenet (USAID na-akwado) na Uzbekistan
* Freenet (UNDP malitere) na Armenia
** akwụkwọ nke UNDP
* https://www.comminit.com/global/content/internet-access-and-training-program-iatp-eastern-europe-central-asia
Ụlọ Ọrụ Ahụmahụ Mmepe

**Ụlọ nchapụta Ahụmịhe Mmepe** (DEC) bụ ụlọ ọrụ US Agency for International Development (USAID) n'ịntanetị maka ihe na-edekọ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọkara narị afọ na-enye enyemaka enyemaka mmadụ na akụ na ụba, ugbo, ahia, ahụike, na nkwado onye kwuo uche ya.

N'ịbụ onye guzosiri ike na 1975, DEC nwere ugbu a karịa akwụkwọ 168,000, yana ihe karịrị 157,000 n'ime ha dị na kọmputa. Nchịkọta ahụ gụnyere akụkọ ọnụ nke ndị ọrụ USAID larala ezumike nká,  akwụkwọ nhazi mmemme sitere na USAID,  yana nkọwapụta nke ọrụ gara aga nke USAID kwadoro.   DEC na-arụpụtakwa *DEC Express*, akwụkwọ eletrọnịkị kwa izu abụọ.

DEC nwere ụlọ ọrụ na Ronald Reagan Building na International Trade Center na Washington, DC

## Edensibia
n'ime ha dị na kọmputa. Nchịkọta ahụ gụnyere akụkọ ọnụ nke ndị ọrụ USAID larala

## Njikọ mpụga

* Weebụsaịtị gọọmentị
Ime ka Ọrụ Mmetụta Mmetụta Dị Mkpa sie ike

**Ịkwado ikike nzaghachi mberede mberede (SERA)** bụ mmekorita na Etiopia n'etiti Ụlọ Ọrụ Mgbochi na Nkwadebe Ọdachi (DPPC), United States Agency for International Development (USAID), na ọchịchị mpaghara nke Tigray, Amhara, Oromia na South Nations., Nationalities and Peoples Region (SNNPR).

Nkwekọrịta onyinye ọrụ ngo dị n'etiti US na Etiopia (site na DPPC) maka ọrụ SERA ka etinyere na 1997. E bu n’obi ka ọ bụrụ ọrụ afọ anọ ga-eri nde $3.7, malite na Septemba 1997. 

Kemgbe 1998, SERA enyerela ndị na-eme ihe aka ịghọta nke ọma ihe na-akpata adịghị ike ọdachi. SERA anaghị emejuputa mmemme mbelata. Otú ọ dị, SERA na-enye aka n'ịghọta nke ọma banyere profaịlụ ihe ize ndụ nke obodo, ma na-enye atụmatụ doro anya gbasara otu esi ebelata ihe egwu ndị a. Ndị ọrụ SERA akwadola profaịlụ adịghị ike nke mpaghara ahọpụtara na mpaghara ọ bụla. Nchọpụta nyocha ndị a enyerela ndị na-eme mkpebi n'ọkwa okpuru ọchịchị aka, ndị ọrụ mpaghara na ndị nyocha gọọmenti etiti kọwapụta omume ndị nwere ike inye aka na mbelata ihe egwu dị n'ime obodo ndị a.

SERA etolitela n'ime "Mmemme Nkwado Nkwado Mberede" (EPSP) nke ga-enyere aka ịkwado mmepe nke ntọala mba iji nyere DPPC aka na mmemme ịdọ aka ná ntị mbụ ya.

## Edensibia
Ndị ọrụ SERA akwadola profaịlụ adịghị ike nke mpaghara ahọpụtara na mpagha
Njikọ maka ntuli aka na ime ka usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị sie ike

**Consortium for Elections and PoliticalProcess Strengtheing** ( **CEPPS** ) bụ nke ndị anaghị akwụ ụgwọ, ndị na-abụghị ndị gọọmentị ma nwee ebumnuche ekwuru maka ịkwalite na ịkwado omume ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na ụlọ ọrụ gburugburu ụwa. Tọrọ ntọala na 1995, CEPPS bụ ngwakọta nke International Foundation for Electoral Systems, International Republican Institute na National Democratic Institute . 

## Edensibia
ekwuru maka ịkwalite na ịkwado omume ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na ụlọ ọrụ gburugburu

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ntuziaka ntuli aka na CEPPS
Onyinye Mgbasa Ozi Mgbasa Iwu Obodo

Enyemaka Iwu Enforcement Block Grants (LLEBG) mmemme bụ nzaghachi etiti nke Ngalaba Ikpe Ziri Ezi na United States nyere ime obodo, nke ga-eji ego ahụ kwado nchekwa nchekwa ma ọ bụ mbọ ọzọ mpụ .  Ọ bụ nke ụlọ ọrụ Bureau of Justice Assistance

## Mmalite
Emebere mmemme LLEBG site n'aka ndụ 104th na mbụ 26, 1996, ka etinyechara na-adị FY 2006 omnibus.  [1] Ego mmemme dị elu na ụdị, ruru nha $1.2 n'ime afọ fufu ego atọ mbụ nke mbụ ya, yana mmemme mmemme dị iche iche nke obodo malitere.

## Mmebi
. N'ịgbaso faịlụ September 11, 2001, ego LLEBG mmemme maka mmemme iyi ọha egwu dịka nke Ngalaba Nchebe Obodo ọzọ.  Ego a ntọala na $418 na 2001 ruo $115 nde na 2004, ma ለመለየት ya na 2006 site na Enyemaka Ikpe Ziri Ezi

## Ntụaka


## Njikọ mpụga

* Ntuziaka ngwa mmemme maka 2004
* Akuko 2001 gbasara mmemme LEBG
Òtù:Aha
Center for Reproductive Law & Policy v. Bush

***Centre for Reproductive Law & Policy v. Bush***, 304 F.3d 183 (2d Cir. 2002), bụ ikpe nke Ụlọikpe Mkpegharị Mkpegharị nke United States maka Sekit nke Abụọ kwadoro nkwughachi nke nchịkwa Bush nke Mexico City. Policy, nke na-ekwu na "United States agaghịzi enye aka kewapụ òtù ndị na-abụghị ndị gọọmentị na-arụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ na-akwalite ite ime dị ka usoro nke atụmatụ ezinụlọ na mba ndị ọzọ."

## ndabere
Iwu enyemaka mba ofesi nyere onye isi ala nhọrọ nke ịghara inye ego maka ite ime site na United States Agency for International Development . Mgbe ntuli aka ahụ gasịrị, Gọọmenti George W. Bush weghachiri iwu ahụ na Center for Reproductive Law and Policy gbara akwụkwọ.

## Mkpebi
Edere mkpebi ahụ site n'aka onye ọka ikpe Sonia Sotomayor mgbe ahụ, bụ onye dere na iwu ahụ emeghị ka ọ bụrụ mmebi nke nchebe nha anya, dịka "gọọmentị nweere onwe ya ịkwado ọnọdụ mgbochi ime ime n'elu ọnọdụ pro-choice, ma nwee ike ime ya na. ego ọha".

Development . Mgbe ntuli aka ahụ gasịrị, Gọọmenti George W. Bush weghachiri iwu ahụ na Center for Reproductive Law and Policy gbara akwụkwọ.
Akụkọ Ọganihu Ọrụ

Akaụntụ Ọganihu Ọrụ bụ mbọ iji kụziere ndị nwere obere ego nke George W. Bush kere dịka akụkụ nke American Competitiveness Initiative.  A na-eme ya site na nchịkwa ọrụ na ọzụzụ.

## Ntụaka

* Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ọrụ US (October 26, 2006). Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ndị Ọrụ Na United States Na-ewepụta Akaụntụ Ọganihu Ọrụ Na-eduzi Onwe Onye . Mbipụta ndị nchụ nta akụkọ.
* Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ọrụ US (October 26, 2006). Ngosipụta Akaụntụ Ọganihu Ọrụ: Ngosipụta steeti atọ . Mbipụta ndị nchụ nta akụkọ.
* Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ọrụ US (October 26, 2006). Ngosipụta Akaụntụ Ọganihu Ọrụ: Ngosipụta ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala . Mbipụta ndị nchụ nta akụkọ.
Òtù:Aha
U.S. Global Malaria Coordinator

**Onye nhazi ihe omume gọọmentị United States iji lụso ịba ọgụ n'ụwa niile**, nke a na-akpọkarị **US Global Malaria Coordinator**, bụ onye ọrụ na-ahụ maka ọrụ gọọmentị US niile n'ụwa niile iji luso ịba ọgụ, ọkachasị nke Onye isi ala .   A na-ahọpụta ọkwa onye isi ala n'ime US Agency for International Development . N'ime afọ iri na otu mbụ ya Admiral Tim Ziemer nọ n'ọkwa ahụ.  

## Ndepụta ndị nhazi ịba zuru ụwa ọnụ nke US

* R. Timothy Ziemer (RADM, Ret.) (June 2006–Eprel 2017) 
* Kenneth Staley (Eprel 2018–Januarị 2021) 
* Raj Panjabi (February 2021–February 2022) 
* Julie Wallace (onye na-eme ihe) (February 2022–August 2022)
* David Walton (Ọgọst 2022–Ọ dị ugbu a) 

## Hụkwa

* Onye nhazi AIDS zuru ụwa ọnụ

## Edensibia
Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Nkwado Mmepe

Nke **Development Credit Authority** ( **DCA** )  bụ ikike nke United States Agency for International Development (USAID) ji enye nkwa mbinye ego na-akwado site na nkwenye zuru oke na kredit nke gọọmentị US nye ndị na-agbazinye ego nke onwe, karịsịa maka mgbazinye ego ejiri na ego obodo. . Ọ jikọtara ya na Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) iji guzobe US International Development Finance Corporation (DFC) na Disemba 20, 2019.

Nkwenye mbinye ego nbinye akụkụ nke USAID, ma ugbu a site na DFC, na-enye ohere ka gọọmentị US jiri kredit gbasoo ebumnuche mmepe akọwapụtara n'okpuru Iwu Enyemaka Mba Ọzọ (FAA) nke 1961, dị ka emezigharịrị. Nkwenye ndị a na-ekpuchi ihe ruru 50% nke isi ego mgbazinye ego nye ndị ọchụnta ego, obere azụmaahịa na ndị na-ajụ obere, yana ọrụ ndị ọzọ na-akwalite ebumnobi mmepe mba ụwa nke gọọmentị US. A na-eji enyemaka kredit mee ihe na mpaghara ndị dị ka obere ụlọ ọrụ na obere ụlọ ọrụ, nkeonwe nke ọrụ ọha, akụrụngwa, ike dị mma na mmeghari ohuru, na mgbanwe ihu igwe .

Ndị DCA anaghị ekpuchi ego ọmụrụ nwa furu efu: N'obodo nwere, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọnụego ọmụrụ nwa 30%, ego ọmụrụ nwa ga-anọchi anya ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ pasenti 50 nke ọnụ ahịa mbinye ego na enweghị mkpuchi site na DCA. N'okwu a, DCA na-ekpuchi 50% nke onye isi, mana naanị 25% nke mkpokọta mbinye ego.

## Edensibia
kredit mee ihe na mpaghara ndị dị ka obere ụlọ ọrụ na obere ụlọ ọrụ, nkeonwe nke ọrụ ọha, akụrụngwa, ike

## Njikọ mpụga

* https://web.archive.org/web/20220120044811/https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1865/DCA_One-Pager_48.pdf
Ego mgbazinye ego mmepe

**Ego mgbazinye ego mmepe** (DLF) bụ ogwe aka ịgbazinye ego nke United States International Cooperation Administration . E hiwere ya na 1957 dị ka akụkụ nke ngbanwe nke Iwu Nchebe Mutual . Ebumnuche ya bụ ịgbasa mbinye ego na mba ọzọ, ọkachasị maka ọrụ isi obodo, nke a na-akwụghachi na ego obodo nke onye na-agbaziri ya. Na 1961, ọ jikọtara na United States Agency for International Development . 

N'oge e kere ya, iwu ndị omebe iwu nyere iwu ka ọ ghara "ịsọmpi" na " isi ego ntinye ego nke onwe", Ụlọ akụ Mbupụ-Import ma ọ bụ International Bank for Reconstruction and Development . 

## Mkpebi na oke
Ngalaba steeti na-achị DLF n'ihi na onye isi oche nke Board maka Fund ahụ bụ onye nọ n'okpuru odeakwụkwọ nke steeti . Nke a gbochiri ikike nke DLF n'eleghị mmadụ anya n'ihu na n'onwe ya nyochaa na ịnakwere atụmatụ mgbazinye ego. Akụkọ 1960 banyere Ọrụ nke DLF siri ọnwụ na enwere nrụgide na-aga n'ihu na Fund sitere na Ngalaba Ọchịchị iji nye ego maka ebumnuche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ọzọkwa, idowe ya dị ka ụlọ ọrụ nọọrọ onwe ya na-efu ndị na-atụ ụtụ isi ihe ruru nde $2 kwa afọ. 

Ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke ego DLF niile na 1958 na 1959 gara India, ihe dị ka nde $195. N'ime ego a, egotara $175, nke pụtara na amachibidoghị ya iji n'ọrụ ọ bụla a na-eme atụmatụ na kama ejiri ya dị ka ahịrị kredit nye India.

## Ndị njikwa

* Dempster McIntosh (1957–1959)
* Vance Brand (1959-1961)

## Hụkwa

* Iwu enyemaka mba ofesi
* Enyemaka mmepe
* Ụgwọ nke ụlọ ọrụ Overseas Private Investment Corporation
* Amụma mba ofesi nke United States

## Edensibia

## Ihe ndị ọzọ
akwụghachi na ego obodo nke onye na-agbaziri ya. Na 1961, ọ jikọtara na United States Agency for International Development . 

* AID (Jenụwarị 1962). *Nkwupụta njedebe maka ego mgbazinye ego mmepe* . Ụlọ mkpochapụ ahụmahụ mmepe; https://web.archive.org/web/20240920205943/https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pdabc787.pdf . eweghachiri 8 February 2017.
Onyinye Nlekọta Ụmụaka na Mmepe

The Child Care and Development Block Grant (CCDBG), nke a na-akpọkwa Child Care and Development Fund, bụ isi nke ego isi etiti United States maka ihe, ihe maka maka na-arụ ọrụ na- ego na ego ijikọta tupu oge eruo.  ụdị

Steeti n'ụdị na- ngosi akụkụ site na ego nhọrọ nwa oge maka ezina ndị dị mkpa (TANF).  Steeti na-hazi mmemme mmemme nseka nke ha n'ime obere mmemme etiti&#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

Enyemaka vidiyo na-enyere aka ịga nke ọma n'ụzọ ego.  [1] Mgbe ezi na-egosi na-egosi nto, ọ ga-abụ na a ga-enweta ha enwe na inwe nnukwu ego.  Ihe dị ka ihe ngosi 1.8 [2] na-egosi vidiyo na-akwado CCDBG n'ime nkezi ụnwa.  N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, ọ bụ naanị otu onye n'ime amụma asaa tozuru etozu na-enweta ihe àmà gosiri.

Ebu ụzọ nye ikike inye ego n'okpuru Iwu CCDBG nke 1990, bụ nke mịrị n'okpuru Iwu Mgbanwe Budget nke Omnibus nke 1990

Kemgbe mmalite CCDBG, a mụtala ọtụtụ ihe gbasara ọrụ nke mmụta mmalite na mmepe na ọganihu nwata, na CCDBG abụrụla ngwá ọrụ dị mkpa ọ bụghị naanị maka inyere ezinụlọ aka ịrụ ọrụ, kamakwa maka inyere ha aka ịhụ na ụmụ ha ga-amalite n'isi. ndu. Mgbe CCDBG meriri ikike nnabata nke akụkụ abụọ na 2014, omume ahụ kpọrọ mmepe ụmụaka n'ụzọ doro anya dị ka otu n'ime ebumnobi ya. O nyere iwu ka e jiri ụfọdụ pasentị nke ego ahụ kwalite ịdịmma na nlekọta ụmụaka na-enyere aka, guzobe ụkpụrụ ahụike na nchekwa ọhụrụ, ego ewepụtara maka ụmụ ọhụrụ na ụmụaka na-eto eto, na steeti chọrọ inye ezinụlọ ozi gbasara ikike inye ndị na-eweta ya, akụkọ ihe mere eme, na nyocha. 

Ọbụlagodi ka mwepu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị abawanyela, CCDBG jigidere nkwado nke akụkụ abụọ. Na 2018, Onye isi ala Republican Donald Trump na ndị isi na pati abụọ ahụ kwadoro mmụba akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ijeri $2.37 maka CCDBG.  </link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

N'oge ọrịa COVID-19, ndị Republican na ndị Democrats butere nlekọta ụmụaka ụzọ dị ka ihe dị mkpa maka itinye ndị ọrụ dị mkpa n'ebe ọrụ, na-akwalite mgbasawanye ndị ọrụ na n'otu oge na-akwado nchekwa na mmepe ụmụaka. Ngwungwu enyemaka niile ndị Congress gafere nwere nnukwu ntinye n'ime CCDBG. Na 2021, Joe Biden gafere Atụmatụ nzọpụta America, na-enweghị ntuli aka sitere na ndị Republican na Congress. ARPA gụnyere: ijeri $15 maka Enyemaka Nlekọta Ụmụaka na mmepe mmepe. 

## Hụkwa

* Nlekọta maka ụmụaka na ezinụlọ
* Iwu nlekọta ụmụaka na mmepe mmepe nke 2013 (S. 1086; 113th Congress)

## Ihe ndetu

Òtù:Aha
John R. Hubbard

**John Randolph Hubbard** (December 3, 1918 - Ọgọst 21, 2011)  bụ onye nkuzi America, onye nchịkwa agụmakwụkwọ, na onye nnọchi anya onye nnọchi anya onye jere ozi dị ka onye isi nke asatọ nke Mahadum Southern California site na 1970 na 1980.

## Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
Amụrụ ma zụlite Hubbard na Belton, Texas .  O nwetara nzere bachelọ nke Arts, Master of Arts, na PhD na akụkọ ihe mere eme site na Mahadum Texas na Austin . Dịka onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na mahadum Texas, ọ ghọrọ onye otu Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity.  Dr. Hubbard bụ nwa Dr.LH Hubbard, onye isi na Mahadum Texas Women's University site na 1926-50.

Mgbe ọ jere ozi dị ka onye odeakwụkwọ nzuzo nke Kọmịshọna nke Interstate Commerce Commission site na 1938 ruo 1941, Hubbard ghọrọ onye ọkwọ ụgbọ mmiri na United States Navy n'oge Agha IIwa nke Abụọ, na-emeri nrite ikuku anọ. Hubbard sonyere na ọzụzụ ụgbọ elu ndị agha mmiri na Joseph P. Kennedy Jr., nwanne nwoke tọrọ John F. Kennedy .

### Ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ
Hubbard malitere ọrụ ya na agụmakwụkwọ dị ka osote prọfesọ na Mahadum steeti Louisiana . O mechara bụrụ onye prọfesọ ọbịa na Mahadum Yale, ma mesịa jee ozi dị ka onye isi na prọfesọ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na Mahadum Tulane .

Hubbard ghọrọ onye isi nke asatọ nke Mahadum Southern California na 1970, na-anọchi Norman Topping . Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka osote onye isi oche na provost USC na 1969 ka ọ nọrọ afọ anọ na India dị ka onye ndụmọdụ ndụmọdụ agụmakwụkwọ na United States Agency for International Development .

Na 1970, USC ghọrọ onye otu Association nke Mahadum America . N'agbata 1970 na 1980, USC si na 33 ruo 19 na National Science Foundation gọọmenti etiti nyocha ọkwa na ngwa sitere na 4,100 ruo ihe karịrị 11,000. Mgbasa ozi Hubbard's Toward Century II, malitere na 1976, welitere ihe karịrị nde $306.  N'oge ya dị ka onyeisi oche, Hubbard ghọkwara enyi na enyi Gerald Ford, na abụọ na-etinye wagers na nsonaazụ nke 1977 Rose Bowl n'oge nkwụsị mgbasa ozi.  Hubbard hapụrụ USC na 1980, ma James Zumberge nọchiri ya dị ka Onye isi ala. 

### Onye nnọchi anya India
Ọ jere ozi dị ka onye nnọchi anya United States na India site na 1988 ruo 1989 n'okpuru Onye isi ala George HW Bush .

Hubbard gara n'ihu na-akụzi akụkọ ihe mere eme n'oge ọchịchị ya dị ka onyeisi oche na mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ruo obere oge tupu ọnwụ ya. Hubbard jere ozi na Board of Trustees USC. Ụlọ Ọrụ Ndị Mmụta USC ka ahagharịrị aha John Hubbard na Septemba 2003. 

Enyere Hubbard nzere nkwanye ugwu sitere na Hibru Union College-Juu Institute of Religion, Westminster College, College of the Ozarks, na USC Gould School of Law .

## Ndụ onwe onye
Hubbard bụ onye Republican ogologo ndụ, mana kwadoro mgbasa ozi onye isi ala John Kerry 2004 .   Hubbard nwụrụ na Rancho Mirage, California, na Ọgọst 12, 2011, mgbe ọ dị afọ 92.  

## Edensibia

akwụghachi na ego obodo nke onye na-isi oche na provost USC na 1969 ka ọ nọrọ afọ anọ na India dị ka onye ndụmọdụ ndụmọdụnal Development . 
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