Nicoli Nattrass

**Nicoli Nattrass** (amụrụ na 30 Mee 1961) bụ onye South African development economist bụ prọfesọ nke akụ na ụba na Mahadum Cape Town (UCT). Ọ bụ onye nduzi nke Institute for Communities and Wildlife in Africa (iCWild) ma bụrụkwa onye nduzi guzobere Centre for Social Science Research (CSSR).

Ọrụ Nattrass bipụtara bụ n'ime ngalaba nke akụ na ụba ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa.  nchọpụta  gụnyere iwu HIV / AIDS na ịgọnahụ, uto siri ike, na Esemokwu mmadụ na anụ ọhịa.  makwaara ya maka akwụkwọ ya nke afọ 2005 banyere enweghị nhata na South Africa, Class, Race and Inequality in South Africa (2005), nke ya na di ya, Jeremy Seekings dere.

## Akụkọ agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ ya na 30 Mee 1961, Nattrass nwetara nzere bachelọ ya na Mahadum Stellenbosch, nzere nsọpụrụ na Mahadim Cape Town, nzere masta na Mahadam Natal, na nzere masta ọzọ na DPhil na Mahadum Oxford.  'afọ 1984, e nyere ya Rhodes Scholarship, nke kwadoro ọmụmụ doctoral ya na Magdalen College, Oxford.

## Ịgọnahụ HIV/AIDS
 
Nattrass  onye nduzi nke AIDS and Society Research Unit na CSSR, nke na-amụ mmetụta mmekọrịta ọha na eze na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ọrịa HIV / AIDS na South Africa. 'agbata afọ 2002 na afọ 2012, Nattrass bipụtara ọtụtụ edemede na akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ ndị nyochara akụkọ ihe mere eme, isi mmalite, njirimara nke ịjụ HIV / AIDS na mmetụta ya na mgbochi HIV na ọgwụgwọ AIDS.

N'akwụkwọ ya bụ The Moral Economy of AIDS in South Africa (2004), nke e dere n'oge a na-agọnahụ ọrịa AIDS, Nattrass jụrụ nkwupụta gọọmentị South Africa na Ọgwụ antiretroviral enweghị ike ịkwụ ụgwọ.  gosipụtara na mmemme mgbochi ọrịa site n'aka nne gaa n'aka nwa ga-adị ọnụ ala nye gọọmentị karịa ịgwọ ụmụaka na-arịa ọrịa AIDS site n'ebe nne ha nọ.

 tinyere nyocha Nattrass banyere ọnụ ahịa ọgwụ HIV dị ka ihe akaebe na ikpe mkpesa nke Treatment Action Campaign n'ihu Ụlọikpe Iwu, nke rụzuru n'iwu ụlọ ikpe na-amanye gọọmentị inye ọha na eze ohere maka ọgwụgwọ antiretroviral.  katọrọ iwu HIV / AIDS nke Onye isi ala Thabo Mbeki, [1] ma onye minista gọọmentị yiri ya egwu ebubo nkwutọ maka idepụta nkwado nke ndị Minista South Africa maka ọgwụgwọ HIV na-enweghị ihe akaebe. 

N'ime nnyocha e bipụtara na 2008, Nattrass mere atụmatụ na ihe karịrị 340,000 ọnwụ AIDS na-enweghị isi na South Africa n'etiti 1999 na 2007 bụ nsonaazụ nke iwu a.  kwuru na mmeghachi omume gọọmentị na-adịghị mma na nke na-adịghị arụ ọrụ kpọmkwem n'ihi mmetụta nke ndị na-agọnahụ ọrịa AIDS. Nson nke ọmụmụ a mechara kwado, site na iji usoro dị iche, site na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na Mahadum Harvard. Ha mekwara ihe ngosi nke ọnwụ na ọrịa metụtara ọrịa AIDS na South Africa n'ihi mkpebi gọọmentị na-enye ọha na eze ohere ịnweta ọgwụ HIV.

N'otu edemede nke afọ 2012 na Skeptical Inquirer na akwụkwọ ya The AIDS Conspiracy: Science Fights Back (2012), Nattrass na-enyocha ọdịdị nke ndị na-ajụ ọrịa AIDS ma na-akọwa ìgwè mmadụ anọ na-agbasa agọnahụ: ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị dike (na-enye ntụkwasị obi sayensị); cultropreneurs (na-akwalite ọgwụgwọ ọzọ na-adabereghị na ihe akaebe na HIV abụghị ihe kpatara ọrịa AIDS) ma na-eto ndị na-agụ egwú (ndị nta akụkọ na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na-akwalite ihe kpatara ya).  kọwakwara mkpọsa nke ndị na-akwado sayensị iji mebie echiche nkata aghụghọ ọrịa AIDS, gbachitere Ọgwụ ndị dabeere na ihe akaebe, na ịlụso pseudoscience ọgụ.

## Mmụta ndị ọzọ

### Agbụrụ na klas
Nattrass emeela nnukwu ọrụ ya na Jeremy Seekings na agbụrụ na klas na South Africa. N'akwụkwọ mbụ ha, Class, Race, and Inequality in South Africa (2005), ha kwuru na n'ime narị afọ nke 20, agbụrụ hapụrụ klas dị ka onye na-akpata enweghị nhata na South Africa, karịsịa mgbe ịrị elu nke enweghị ọrụ site na etiti afọ 1970.  Ọrụ ha mechara rụọ, ọkachasị Policy, Politics and Poverty in South Africa (2015) na Inclusive Dualism (2019), gosipụtara ọdịiche dị iche iche na-arịwanye elu na mkpa agbụrụ na-aga n'ihu na South Africa.

### Anụ ọhịa na nchekwa
 iCWild, ebe ọ bụ onye nduzi, Nattrass na-amụ Esemokwu mmadụ na anụ ọhịa na Southern Africa. 'afọ 2020, o bipụtara nkọwa na South African Journal of Science nke tụrụ aro na àgwà onwe onye - àgwà maka anụ ọhịa na nchekwa, yana ụkpụrụ ihe onwunwe - dị mkpa karịa agbụrụ n'ibu amụma ọmụmụ na nhọrọ ọrụ metụtara nchekwa anụ ọhịa. [1] Ụfọdụ ndị nkatọ gụrụ nkọwa ahụ dị ka ihe na-emegharị echiche agbụrụ na-emerụ ahụ, na-eduga n'ịkpọ oku ka ewepụ nkọwa ahụ. Keyan Tomaselli mechara kọwaa iwe ahụ dị ka egwu omume.

Academy of Science nke South Africa, nke na-akwado South African Journal of Science, wepụtara nkwupụta na-agbachitere nnwere onwe agụmakwụkwọ na nnwere onwe nchịkọta akụkọ, ma kwupụta na a ga-enyefe mbipụta pụrụ iche iji rụrịta ụka banyere okwu ahụ. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ bipụtara mbipụta pụrụ iche  nkọwa Nattrass, gụnyere nzaghachi Nattrass nye ndị nkatọ, na 10 Julaị 2020. [1]  gbachitekwara onwe  na mgbasa ozi.  Alliance, òtù mmegide nke South Africa, pụtakwara iji kwado Nattrass na nnwere onwe agụmakwụkwọ ma wepụta nkwupụta nke ya.

Ọrụ Nattrass na nchekwa gụnyere akwụkwọ gbasara njikwa akụ na ụba nke obodo na Namibia, anụ ọhịa na Anthropocene, esemokwu nchekwa na ụkpụrụ omume a na-ese okwu nke njikwa ụmụ oke. 

## Onyinye
The Moral Economy  AIDS meriri 2008 Bill Venter / Altron Literary Award, ihe nrite mba maka akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ,   ma ya na The AIDS Conspiracy meriri UCT Book Award, ihe mmeri kachasị elu nke mahadum maka akwụkwọ ndị pụtara ìhè site na ngalaba.  Nattra nwetakwara ihe nrite UCT's 2001 Distinguished Teacher Award. [1]

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Nicoli Nattrassmbipụta ndị edepụtara site naOnye Ọkà mmụta Google

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations