Harry H. Laughlin

**Harry Hamilton Laughlin** (March 11, 1880&nbsp;- Jenuarị 26, 1943) bụ onye nkuzi na eugenicist America. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nlekọta nke Eugenics Record Office site na mmalite ya na 1910 ruo na mmechi ya na 1939, yana so na ndị kacha arụsi ọrụ ike na-emetụta amụma eugenics America, ọkachasị iwu mmanye mmanye .

## Akụkọ ndụ

### Ndụ mbido
A mụrụ Harry Hamilton Laughlin na Maachị 11, 1880 na Oskaloosa, Iowa . Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na First District Normal School (ugbu a Truman State University ) na Kirksville, Missouri . Na 1917, o nwetara nzere Dọkịta nke Sayensị na Mahadum Princeton na ngalaba cytology .

### Ọrụ

#### Ụlọ ọrụ ndekọ aha Eugenics
Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye nkuzi ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na onye isi tupu mmasị ya atụgharị na eugenics. Nke a mere ka ya na Charles Davenport nwee akwụkwọ ozi, onye nyocha oge mbụ banyere ihe nketa Mendelian na United States. Na 1910, Davenport gwara Laughlin ka ọ kwaga Long Island, New York, ka ọ bụrụ onye nlekọta nke ụlọ ọrụ nyocha ọhụrụ ya. 

Ewubere Eugenics Record Office (ERO) na Cold Spring Harbor, New York, site na Davenport na nkwado mbụ sitere na Mary Williamson Averell (Mrs. EH Harriman) na John Harvey Kellogg, na mgbe e mesịrị site na Carnegie Institution of Washington .  A họpụtara Laughlin ka ọ bụrụ onye isi njikwa ma gbasoo ebumnuche nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, ọbụlagodi na-edekọ *ihe ọchị eugenical na mmemme anọ* maka ịrụ ọrụ na ERO maka ntụrụndụ nke ndị ọrụ ubi na-azụ. Ọ na-ezikwa ndị otu nọ na United States okwu mgbe niile.

Laughlin nyere ndị omebe iwu United States nnukwu ịgba ama na nkwado nke Johnson-Reed Immigration Act nke 1924 . Akụkụ nke akaebe ya kwuru gbasara ara “oke” dị n'etiti ndị si n'ebe ndịda Europe na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Europe kwabata. Ọ &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup> ọtụtụ [[Jew|ndị Juu]] ka a mụrụ ndị dara mbà n'obi.  Onye na-ahụ maka mkpụrụ ndụ nje bacteria Herbert Spencer Jennings, katọrọ ọnụ ọgụgụ Laughlin dị ka ihe na-adịghị mma n'ihi na ha tụnyere ndị kwabatara n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na ndị ọzọ kwabatara biri. </link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">**' &#x5B; &#x5D; ahụ maka akụ na ụba Joseph M. Gilman katọrọ nyocha ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ na usoro nyocha nke ọrụ Laughlin, na-arụ ụka na e nwere njehie ọnụ ọgụgụ isi, yana nhọrọ nhọrọ . Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Laughlin kwuputara na ụdị dị iche iche nke "mmebi" sitere na ụfọdụ agbụrụ agbụrụ nke ndị kwabatara nso nso a site n'ilele ndị bi na mgbapu na ụlọ maka ndị nwere nkwarụ. Otú ọ dị, ọ naghị aza ajụjụ maka eziokwu ahụ bụ na agbụrụ agbụrụ nke obodo ndị agadi kwabatara nwere ike ilekọta ndị nwere nkwarụ n'ụlọ kama itinye ha n'ụlọ ọrụ, nke na-abụghị maka obere ndị kwabatara na nso nso a bụ ndị nwere ike ọ gaghị enwe ezinụlọ. obodo na-elekọta ha. 

#### Ọchịchị ụwa
Yana mmasị ya na eugenics, Laughlin nwere mmasị na echiche nke iguzobe ọchịchị ụwa. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na atụmatụ ya maka nke a n'oge ndụ ya niile toro. Ụdị ọchịchị ụwa nke o chepụtara dabeere n'ụkpụrụ Iwu US na Njikọ Mba Nile . Nkesa nke nnọchite anya ahụ bụ nke na-enweghị isi maka Europe na North America, ọkachasị United Kingdom na United States. Laughlin kwenyere na ihe nlereanya ọchịchị ụwa ya ga-akwalite ebumnuche eugenicist nke igbochi njikọta nke agbụrụ dị iche iche. Ọtụtụ ndị isi mba ụwa gosipụtara mmasị na atụmatụ ọchịchị ụwa nke Laughlin; ndị a gụnyere Edward M. House, Woodrow Wilson onye ndụmọdụ amụma mba ofesi. 

### Ịla ezumike nká na ọnwụ
Laughlin na nwunye ya Pansy lụrụ na 1902; di na nwunye ahụ amụtaghị ụmụ. Vannevar Bush manyere Laughlin ka ọ laa ezumike nká na 1939, mgbe ọtụtụ usoro ọdịdọ siri ike.  Ihe ọdịdọ ndị a nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi ọrịa akwụkwụ na-eketa .  Mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na Eugenics Record Office, di na nwunye ahụ laghachiri na Kirksville na Disemba 1939. Laughlin nwụrụ Jenụwarị 26, 1943, wee lie ya n'akụkụ nna ya na nne ya n'ili Highland Park Cemetery na Kirksville.  

## Hụkwa

* Eugenics na United States
* ES Gosney
* Madison Grant
* Human Betterment Foundation
* Paul B. Popenoe

## Edensibia

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

*  Winner, "2003 Best Book of the Year," International Human Rights Award.
* 
* Elof Axel Carlson, *Times of Triumph, Times of Doubt: Science and the Battle for Public Trust*. Cold Spring Harbor: Cold Spring Harbor Press, 2006).  ISBN&nbsp;
* 
* Harry H. Laughlin, *Eugenical Sterilization in the United States* (Chicago: Psychopathic Laboratory of the Municipal Court of Chicago, 1922).
* 
* 
* McDonald, Jason (2013). "Making the World Safe for Eugenics." *Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era.* http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8936965&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S1537781413000212

## Njikọ mpụga

* Harry H. Laughlin Akwụkwọ na Truman State University
* Eugenics Images Archive na Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
* Sterilisation nke America: akụkọ ihe mere eme
* Mahadum Virginia: Eugenics
* Laughlin, Harry H.  . Laboratory Psychopathic nke Ụlọikpe Obodo nke Chicago, 1922.