Margalith Galun

**Margalith Galun** (Hibru; 21 Febrụwarị 1927 – 16 Eprel 2012) bụ ọkà mmụta lichenologist nke Israel. Ọ bụ onye so na Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities wee guzobe nchịkọta nke lichens nke Israel na Mahadum Tel Aviv. Onye guzobere akwụkwọ akụkọ agụmakwụkwọ Symbiosis, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ ya n'etiti 1985 na 2006. Na 1994, e nyere ya Medal Acharius na 1996 wee nweta ihe nrite Meitner-Humboldt, maka ntinye aka ya n'ọhịa. International Association for Lichenology na-enye ihe nrite nke bu aha ya iji sọpụrụ agụm akwụkwọ na nnọkọ ọgbakọ anọ ha.

## Ndụ mbido
A mụrụ Melitta Katz na 21 February 1927 na Vienna, Austria nye Amalia (née Teitelbaum) na Arie Katz.[1][2] Site na Lviv, nna ya bụ onye ahịa ma tinye aka na mmegharị Zionist na socialist.[1] Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ elementrị ya na Vienna ma malite ọmụmụ ihe mgbatị ahụ, ezinụlọ ya kpebiri ịkwaga na 1938.[3] Ha enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịhapụ Austria na ịchụpụ nwa ha nwanyị na obodo Melitta bụ ezinụlọ ndị Juu-Swiss nakweere, gbanwee aha ya ka ọ bụrụ Margalith, na 1939.[1] Ndị mụrụ ya mesịrị nwee ike isonyere nwa ha nwanyị na Switzerland na n'October nke afọ ahụ, ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara Palestine.[2] Na Tel Aviv, Katz gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium na 1946, wee gaa biri na ọrụ na kibbutz nke Kfar Giladi ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa. Mgbe nne ya nwụrụ, ọ laghachiri na Tel Aviv ka ya na nna ya nọrọ wee debanye aha na nkuzi na Mahadum Hibru nke Jerusalem na 1947. [4]

N'ime otu ọnwa, agha Palestine 1947-1949 malitere na Katz kwụsịrị ọmụmụ ya iji sonyere ndị agha nchekwa Israel. Mgbe esemokwu ahụ kwụsịrị na 1949, ọ laghachiri na klaasị ya[4] wee gụchaa akara ugo mmụta mahadum na 1952, na-aga n'ihu nweta akara ugo mmụta nna ukwu na botany na 1954. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye inyeaka nkuzi n'oge ọmụmụ nna ya [1] [2] na na 1953 lụrụ Esra Galun. A mụrụ nwa ya nwoke Eithan na 1954 [4] na n'afọ ahụ ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na PhD ya na Mahadum Hibru, na-arụ ọrụ n'otu oge dịka onye enyemaka nyocha na Volcani Agriculture Institute na Rehovot. Na 1959, a mụrụ nwa ya nwoke nke abụọ Ihud na n'afọ sochirinụ, ọ dechara akwụkwọ edemede ya Die Flechten im Negev, Israel (The lichens in the Negev, Israel) n'okpuru nduzi nke Israel Reichart, na-enweta PhD ya.[4]

## Ọrụ
N'isonyere di ya na Pasadena, California, Galun mere nyocha na California Institute of Technology site na 1961 ruo 1962.[1] [4] N'ịlaghachi na Rehovot, e were ya n'ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ Israel Institute for Biological Research na Ness Ziona site na 1962 ruo 1965, [4] na-anata onyinye nyocha site na Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities.[1] Na 1965, e goro ya dị ka onye nkuzi na ngalaba botany na Mahadum Tel Aviv. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ụzọ ya n'ubube, na-akwalite ya ịbụ onye nkuzi na 1969, prọfesọ na-akpakọrịta na 1971, na prọfesọ na 1977.[1] Na mgbakwunye na ije ozi dị ka onye isi ngalaba na na kọmitii ngalaba dị iche iche, ọ jere ozi dị ka Dean of Students from 1977 ruo 1980, dị ka onye so na Kọmitii nnabata site na 1978 ruo 1985; na Board of Directors site na 1989-1992, yana ọkwa nchịkwa ndị ọzọ. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na Council Sayensị na Institute of Nature Conservation n'etiti 1988 na 1991.[5]
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Margalith Galun around 1985
N'otu oge na nkuzi ya, Galun mere nyocha na lichens.[6] N'ịmepụta otu nyocha, Galun duuru ụmụ akwụkwọ ya ka ha nakọta ihe atụ wee mepụta mkpokọta lichens sitere na Israel dum maka mahadum. N'ikpeazụ nchịkọta ha ghọrọ mba ụwa, gụnyere ihe nlele sitere na ọtụtụ mba ndị ọzọ.[4] Na mbido nyocha nke ya lekwasịrị anya n'ịchọpụta ụdị lichen dị na Israel, mana n'oge na-adịghị anya tụgharịrị uche ya na anụ ahụ ahịhịa, ma ọ bụ thallus, iji nyochaa mmekọrịta dị n'etiti algae na ero n'oge e guzobere ya. N'ịmụ ụmụ irighiri ihe nrịbama na microscopy eletrọn, o dere ihe karịrị akwụkwọ 90 gbasara lichen symbiosis na nnabata nke ọla site na lichens,[6] wee bụrụ “nke a ghọtara dị ka otu n'ime ndị ọkà mmụta lichenologist kachasị n'ụwa. "[6][7]

N'afọ 1985, Galun guzobere akwụkwọ akụkọ agụmakwụkwọ Symbiosis ma jee ozi dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ ya site na 1985 ruo 2006. [6] N'agbata afọ 1987 na afọ 1993, ọ bụ osote onye isi oche nke International Association for Lichenology ma n'oge ọ na-ahazi International Symbiosis Congress nke mbụ e mere na Jerusalem na 1991.[8] Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka mpịakọta atọ nke akwụkwọ Handbook of Lichenology (CRC Press, 1988), nke nyere nkọwa zuru ezu nke nyocha na nchọpụta na mpaghara site na ọrụ ọsụ ụzọ Simon Schwendener ruo ugbu a.[9] N'afọ 1994, Galun bụ onye natara Acharius Medal nke International Association for Lichenology nyere ya  na 1996, e nyere ya Meitner-Humboldt Prize site na Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. [11]

## Ọnwụ na ihe nketa
Galun nwụrụ na 16 Eprel 2012 mgbe ọ rịasịrị ọrịa ogologo oge.[4] Ihe nrite a na-enye kwa afọ nke na-ebu aha ya bụ nke International Association for Lichenology malitere na 2012 ka e nye ya nwa akwụkwọ pụtara ìhè na nnọkọ nnọkọ afọ anọ nke nzukọ ahụ.[12]

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