open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Nọmba njirimara a na-agbanwe agbanwe

**Nọmba njirimara a** naeme ka ọ dị ọhụrụ (ma ọ bụ **RIN**) bụ nọmba a naenye otu ìgwè mmanụ ụgbọala maka ebumnuche nke ịchọpụta mmepụta, ojiji, na ahia ya dị ka United States Environmental Protection Agency's Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) nke etinyere nọrụ dịka Iwu Iwu Ike nke 2005 na Iwu Nnwere Onwe na Nchebe nke 2007.

## Ihe ndị mejupụtara RIN
Dị ka akọwapụtara na iwu ahụ: Ya mere, a gaanọgide naakọwa RIN dị ka ndị a:

RIN: KYYYCCCCFFFBBBRRDSSSSEEEEEEEE

Ebe:

* K = Koodu naeme ka RIN ndị e kenyere dị iche na RIN ndị kewara ekewa
* YYY = Afọ kalenda nke mmepụta ma ọ bụ mbubata
* CCCC = ID ụlọ ọrụ
* FFFFF = ID ụlọ ọrụ
* BBBBB = Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke bat
* RR = Koodu naachọpụta Ọnụ Ọdịdị
* D = Koodu naakọwa ụdị mmanụ a naagbanwe agbanwe
* SSSSSS = Mmalite nke RIN block
* EEEEE = Ọgwụgwụ nke RIN block

## Iwu naenye ikike
Nokpuru Iwu Iwu Ike nke afọ 2005, e nyere EPA ikike ịtọpụta oke kwa afọ nke naekwu pasentị nke ngụkọta nke mmanụ ụgbọala a naeri na US gaanọchite anya biofuel agwakọta na mmanụ ala.  Companieslọ ọrụ ndị naedozi, naebubata ma ọ bụ naagwakọta mmanụ ala naakwụ ụgwọ izute ụfọdụ RFS notu notu dabere na oke mmanụ ha naewebata nahịa.  Site nimezu ihe ndị a chọrọ, EPA naeme atụmatụ na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gaejikọ ọnụ iji mezuo oke mba ha setịpụrụ. Iji hụ na ndị naagbaso iwu, a naachọ ka ndị otu naahụ maka iwu mee ihe mgbe ụfọdụ iji gosipụta na ha ezuola RFS ha site ninye ụfọdụ RINs na EPA.  N'ihi na nke ọ bụla nime RINs ndị a naanọchite anya ọnụ ọgụgụ nke biofuel nke agwakọtawo na mmanụ ala, RINs nke ndị naakwụ ụgwọ nyere EPA bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mmanụ ala nke agwakọtara na mmanụ ala eji eme ihe na America.

## Ndebanye aha na ahia
Onye ọ bụla nwere RINs gaedebanye aha na EPA kwa afọ ma rubere isi na ihe ndekọ ndekọ. A naenye RIN naanị ma ọ bụrụ na emeela mmanụ ụgbọala edebanyere aha dịka iwu EISA si dị. A naetinye iwu ndị a megide ma ndị naemepụta ihe nime obodo ma ndị mba ọzọ. A naagwa EPA RIN niile mgbe e kere ya.

### Ịghọ aghụghọ
Enwere ike ire nọmba njirimara ọhụrụ ma zụọ ya iche site na biofuels nke mepụtara ha. Nke a emeela ka e nwee "RIN aghụghọ", ebe a naere RIN ndị e mepụtara nụzọ naekwesịghị ekwesị nenweghị mmepụta nke biofuels kwekọrọ.

## Ihe odide
Njikọ n'Ugwu Alps

## Ihe omume
Njikọ na Alps na-akwalite mgbanwe nke ihe ọmụma na ahụmịhe, na-eme ka ihe omume na njem na mpaghara, mpaghara ma ọ bụ mba ụwa. Ọ na-eme atụmatụ ịhazi ọnọdụ iwu maka usoro na gburugburu ebe obibi maka mgbanwe ihu igwe site na obodo. A na-ebipụta akụkọ kwa afọ n'asụsụ anọ bụ isi nke oghere alpine, a na-ezigakwa akwụkwọ akụkọ "Flashinfo" site na email kwa nkeji iri na ise.
áká_ịkẹngạ|130x130px
Na-elekwasị anya na mgbanwe ihu igwe, usoro ọhụrụ dynAlp-climate na-agba ọsọ site na 2009 ruo 2012. O nwere mmefu ego nke ihe dị ka euro 800,000, n'ihi nkwado ego sitere na MAVA Foundation for Nature. Ebumnuche enyemaka ego bụ maka ọrụ na obodo ma ọ bụ mpaghara ndị na-

N'otu oge na ọrụ obodo, ihe omume otu dị ka ụlọ ọrụ, njem na nzukọ mba ụwa bụ ọrụ dị mkpa nke dynAlp-climate. Ihe ndị a na-enyere aka ịbawanye netwọk n'etiti obodo ndị dị n'elu ugwu ma si otú a na-enye aka ime ka ọtụtụ ọha na eze nweta ihe ọmụma mpaghara.

Emere ya na 2003, DYNALP bụ ọrụ INTERREG IIIB "Alpine space" nke EU kwadoro. Site na ngụkọta mmefu ego nke nde euro 2.16 maka afọ atọ, o nyere aka kwado mmepe, nhazi na mmejuputa ọrụ obodo 52 ma ọ bụ mpaghara maka usoro anọ na-esonụ nke Alpine Convention: Njem, Nchekwa nke Okike na Ime Obodo, Ugwu Ugwu na Atụmatụ Ógbè na Mmepe Na-adịgide adịgide.
Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ na obodo, ịkekọrịta ahụmịhe gafee ókèala asụsụ na ọdịbendị bụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ kachasị mkpa nke DYNALP.

. "Alliance of Central Asia Mountain Communities"[1] tọrọ ntọala na June 2003 na Tadjik isi obodo Dushanbe na ihe nlereanya nke netwọk "Alliance in the Alps".  Dịka nzukọ nwanne ya na Alps, netwọk obodo Central Asia a na-arụsi ọrụ ike na mpaghara mmepe mmepe na mpaghara ugwu na ikesa ihe ọmụma na ọkwa obodo.  Site na ebumnuche nke nleta otu, njem nlegharị anya na mgbanwe ozi, nzukọ a ghọrọ nke ọma ikpo okwu maka omume dị mma na ọrụ na-atọ ụtọ.
Black Country Urban Forest

Black Country Urban Forest (BCUF) bụ ọrụ iji mee ka ọhịa mepere emepe bụrụ ọdịdị ala nke otu n'ime mpaghara ụlọ ọrụ England, The Black Country.

Ọ bụghị oké ọhịa n'echiche nke oge a nke nnukwu mpaghara nke ọhịa a na-elekọta. Ọ dị nso n'echiche ochie nke oké ọhịa nke Eze - nnukwu ala nwere ọtụtụ ojiji na ọrụ dị iche iche nke ala, ma e wezụga na kama raara ya nye ntụrụndụ nke ndị nwere ihe ùgwù ole na ole, BCUF bụ ihe ntụrụndaka maka ndị niile, site na nzụlite niile, ndị bi na ya.

## Mmalite ya
BCUF sitere na "Millennium Forest", ọrụ kachasị elu nke ime obodo na UK - nnukwu mmemme nke ịkụ osisi n'ime obodo na nlekọta nke ọhịa n'ime ime obodo, na-emepụta mmụba dị ukwuu na mpaghara ọhịa n'ógbè ahụ.

Black Country (akụkụ nke ọgbakọ West Midlands nke nwere obodo Wolverhampton na Obodo ukwu nke Dudley, Sandwell, na Walsall) bụ 'mgbapụta' nke mgbanwe mgbanwe ụlọ ọrụ, na ihe nketa nke a bụ nnukwu mpaghara ala mebiri emebi.  .  Ọbụlagodi na ntụgharị nke narị afọ nke iri na itoolu na nke irí abụọ, mkpakọrịta mmụgharị nke Midland na-ekepụta ahịhịa ọhụrụ na ndụmọdụ mbụ na saịtị ndị ọzọ dabara adaba n'ofe mpaghara ahụ.  N'ọgwụgwụ narị afọ nke 20, e debere ebumnuche ndị nwere nnukwu ebumnuche yana mmụba dị ukwuu n'ịkụ ihe ọkụkụ.

## Ọganihu
Ọrụ na-aga nke ọma, "Treeways", lekwasịrị anya na ụzọ njem n'ógbè ahụ, ma rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye na-anya ụgbọelu. Ndị isi anọ na-arụ ọrụ afọ ofufo na ọrụ a - National Urban Forestry Unit (NUFU), Wildlife Trust for Birmingham and the Black Country, British Trust for Conservation Volunteers (BTCV) na Groundwork Black Country. Ha gara n'ihu na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na ndị ọchịchị anọ dị n'ógbè ahụ iji tụọ aro usoro Millennium siri ike. N'agbanyeghị ihe ndọghachi azụ, na nsogbu na inweta ihe niile a tụrụ anya ya, ọrụ ahụ gara nke ọma, echiche nke BCUF na-aga n'ihu.  

Tinyere ịkụ osisi na njikwa osisi, a kwadoro azụmaahịa ndị dabeere n'ọhịa, a haziri ihe omume na ihe omume iji tinye aka na obodo ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ na ọmụmụ nke ụdị dị iche iche nke mpaghara ahụ.

Ọrụ Millennium Forest sitere na Millennium Fund nke UK, nke kwekọrọ na ego mmeghachi omume sitere na gọọmentị UK na Europe, enyemaka sitere na Forestry Commission na ọtụtụ isi mmalite ndị ọzọ. Ngụkọta ego ahụ karịrị £ 7 nde.

A malitere ọrụ yiri nke ahụ ma sara mbara na 2006/7, £ 50m Black Country Urban Park.

Ọrụ maka Black Country Urban Forest na-ekere òkè ugbu a n'etiti Groundwork Black Country na ndị nwe ala, onye ọ bụla n'ime ha banyere n'ime akwụkwọ nraranye afọ 99, nkwekọrịta iwu na Millennium Commission.

## Njikọ mpụga

* Wildlife Trust: Black Country Urban Forest (PDF)
* Millennium.gov.uk
Ebe Ọmụmụ Ihu igwe nke Canada

thumb|250x250px|Ụlọ CMC a na-ele site na West
thumb|250x250px|Ụlọ CMC a na-ele site na South

Ebe Ọmụmụ Ihu igwe nke Canada. French: Centre météorologique canadien), nke dị na Dorval, n’obodo Quebec, bụ alaka nke Environment Canada's Meteorological Service of Canada nke a na-enye ọrụ inye nduzi amụma na ụlọ ọrụ amụma mba na mpaghara, ọ bụkwa ọrụ maka ịme ihe nlereanya Global Environmental Multiscale (GEM), nke a na'ozuzu ya dịka ihe nlereanya **CMC**, yana ụdị mpaghara ya na nke otu. O nwezikwara alaka atọ gunyere:

*Ngalaba Informatics* na-enye ọrụ kọmpụta na nkwukọrịta etiti iji mezuo ebumnuche nke mmemme gburugburu ebe obibi, kwado ọrụ ngalaba ndị ọzọ, ma nyekwazia ndị ọrụ ndị ọzọ aka. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ ma na-elekọta ụlọ ọrụ nke supercomputer ya na Dorval na netwọk nkwukọrịta dịzikwa iche iche. 

*Ngalaba Ọrụ* na-ahụ maka ọrụ ihu igwe nke ọtụtụ usoro mmepụta maka ihu igwe, ihu igwe, ikuku, ya na mmemme gburugburu ebe obibi na Canadian Meteorological Centre. Na mgbakwunye, alaka ahụ na-enye nkwado pụrụ iche maka ọnọdụ mberede gburugburu ebe obibi. Ihe ndị ọ na-emepụta na-enye aka ma na-eme ka ndị ọrụ Meteorological Service nke mba na nke mba ụwa nke ọrụ na ọrụ ndị metụtara ya nke obodo Canada. 

*Ngalaba Mmepe* na-ahụ maka mbufe teknụzụ site na nyocha gaa na ọrụ nke usoro amụma gburugburu ebe obibi nke obodo Canada. Na mgbakwunye, alaka ahụ na-ahụzikwa maka ịzụlite ya na imeziwanye usoro na ngwaahịa maka Ọrụ Meteorological nke obodo Canada na ndị ahịa na ndị mmekọ ndị ọzọ dị mkpa, yana iji hụ na nnyefe teknụzụ kwesịrị ekwesị nke ndị a n'ime gburugburu ebe ọrụ. Otu n'ime isi ihe mejupụtara ya bụkwazi Recherche en Prévision Numérique.

## Hụkwazie

* André Robert nna nke ụdị ọnụọgụ nke Canada
* Nkọwa ihu igwe
* Ụdị ikuku

## Njikọ mpụga

* Akwụkwọ MSC Open Data, nke na-anọchi CMC Product Guide
* Ọnọdụ ihu igwe Canada
Bicycology

**Bicycology** bụ otu UK nke e guzobere mgbe 2005 London to Scotland G8 Bike Ride gasịrị. Ọ bụ òtù na-enweghị uru nke na-achọ ịkwalite ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè dị ka akụkụ nke ilekwasị anya na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na gburugburu ebe obibi. Bicycology enwetala ego site na Artists Project Earth ma bụrụkwa otu nzukọ nke World Carfree Network.

## Nkà ihe ọmụma
Bicycology gụnyere onwe ya n'ihe a na-akpọ "ndoro-ndoro ochichi igwe igwe" na Aurora Trujillo (onye so na Bicycology) haziri nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe gbasara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ụbọchị abụọ na Septemba 2010 na Center for Mobilities Research, Mahadum Lancaster. Aurora gosipụtara akwụkwọ akpọrọ "Ịgba ígwè dị ka omume a na-emegbu emegbu: na-aga n'ihu 'ịkwalite' nke ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè' ebe Matt Wilson (onye ọzọ so na Bicycology) gosipụtara akwụkwọ na "Ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè na Iwu" nke lekwasịrị anya n'okwu ahụ site n'echiche anarchist.

## Njem Njem 2006
Ihe omume mbụ dị mkpa nke Bicycology haziri bụ njem site na London gaa Lancaster n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2006. Mgbe ha rutere Lancaster, ndị otu ahụ tinyere ihe omume dị iche iche gụnyere abalị ihe nkiri na nnọkọ nrụzi igwe kwụ otu ebe.  Ọtụtụ ndị Lancastrians sonyeziri otu ahụ maka ịnya ụgbọ ala mbụ maka Climate Action na Megawatt Valley dị nso na Leeds.

## Njem 2007
N'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2007 Bicycology haziri njem ọzọ, n'oge a site na Aylesbury ruo Exeter (abụọ n'ime obodo Cycling mbụ nke Cycling England họọrọ). Ihe dị ka mmadụ iri abụọ mezuru njem ahụ, na-eme njem naanị igwe kwụ otu ebe ma na-ebu ma ọ bụ dọkpụrụ akụrụngwa ha niile, nke gụnyere ụgbọala na-adọkpụ ume ọhụrụ.

## Ụzọ Ndị Na-esi Agwọta
Kama njem ọzọ dị anya, n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2008 Bicycology haziri emume izu ụka nke ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè na nkwado na Lancaster na Morecambe nke ha kpọrọ "Ụzọ na ngwọta". Ihe omume gụnyere ụlọ ọrụ, abalị ihe nkiri, njem na Mas Lancaster Critical na Fraịdee ikpeazụ nke Ọgọst.

## Njem 2012
N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2012, Bicycology gara Midlands na ihe omume ndị gbara okwu "Parking the Car". Maka Ezi Ihe!" Na 12 Mee, ha zụrụ oghere na ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala na etiti obodo Coventry ma jiri ha mee ihe ngosi na-akwalite ozi ha.

## Hụkwa

* Nkwado ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè
* Mmetụta nke ụgbọala na ọha mmadụ

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè
* Blog nke ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè
CESRA

The **Community of European Solar Radio Astronomers** (**CESRA**) is a non-profit informal organization of European scientists whose aims are to promote studies of solar radio physics and related topics.

Established in 1970, its membership includes scientists from 28 European research institutes.

z:Arnold O. Benz na-akọ[1] na CESRA malitere site n'akwụkwọ ozi nke AD Fokker (Utrecht) dere na June 1970 nke ọ kpọrọ "ọtụtụ" ndị na-enyocha mbara igwe redio na nzukọ na International Astronomical Union (IAU) General Assembly na Brighton  (August 18–27, 1970) (Achọtara akwụkwọ ozi ahụ Arnold O. Benz. Nzube mbụ nke CESRA bụ iji kwalite mmepe ngwa Europe maka nyocha redio anyanwụ, Joint Interferometer Project (JIP) “Nkwupụta ebumnuche nke nzukọ ahụ.  A nakweere amụma ya na nzukọ 1972 na Bordeaux. Na mbido mkpọ okwu “CESRA” pụtara “Committee of European Solar Radio Astronomers” na ndị otu bụ ndị nnọchi anya ụlọ ọrụ nyocha ọ bụla.  na 1978, e kpebiri na a gaghị akwatu nzukọ ahụ, ma nye ya onye "onye nlekọta" ka ọ mee ihe ọ bụla dị mkpa.  Pick, G. Trottet, A. Magun na P. Zlobec, kpebiri ịgbanwe CESRA ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ọrụ ahaziri ahazi nke nwere President, Board na Statutes, gbanwere "Committee" na "Community" ma nye CESRA usoro ochichi onye kwuo uche ya na ụkpụrụ ndị yiri ya.  ruo taa.  Ebe ọ bụ na 1992 ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ndị a jere ozi dị ka ndị isi CESRA: [2] Arnold O. Benz (Zurich; 1992-1998), Karl-Ludwig Klein (Meudon; 1998-2010), Silja Pohjolainen (Turku; 2010-2016), na  Kontar (Glasgow; 2016-...).

## Conferences
CESRA organizes triennial workshops on investigations of the solar atmosphere using radio and other observations. Although special emphasis is given to radio diagnostics, the workshop topics are of interest to a large community of solar physicists. The format of the workshops usually combine plenary sessions and working group sessions, with invited review talks, oral contributions, and posters. The workshops attract not only European scientists, but also scientists from the USA, China, Japan, Australia, and Brazil. 
CESRA has also cosponsored international solar physics conferences organized by the European Physical Society and in one occasion has organized a session within the European Geophysical Society's General Assembly.

CESRA web page hosts “Solar radio science highlights”.  These are short communications written by CESRA members that publicize fresh research (normally based on a refereed paper published within three months) to keep CESRA community informed and up-to-date. They are written in a language accessible to  non-experts, using a “news-and-views” style.

## Proceedings
Ndepụta mba site na mpaghara ọhịa

Isiokwu nke a bụ **ndepụta nke mba site na mpaghara ọhịa**.
áká_ịkẹngạ|134x134px

## Mbara ala, kọntinent ya na mpaghara
A na-enye mpaghara niile na nkeji nke  hekta puku. Ebe e si nweta ya: Food and Agriculture Organization

## Mba na ókèala
A na-enye mpaghara niile na nkeji nke hekta puku. Ebe e si nweta ya: Nri na Ọrụ Ugbo nke United Nations

## Hụkwazi

* Mgbukpọsị oké ọhịa site na kọntinent
* Oké ọhịa site na steeti na ókèala na United States
* Oké ọhịa site na steeti na India
* Ọhịa kpuchiri site na gọọmentị etiti na Russia
* Oké ọhịa site na mpaghara ma ọ bụ ókèala na Canada
* Oké ọhịa site na steeti ma ọ bụ ókèala na Australia
* Nkọwa nke Ịdị Iche Ike n'Iguzosi Ike n'ezi ihe nke Ọhịa
* Iweghachi ọhịa
* Ndepụta mba site na mpaghara ọhịa (pasentị)
* Ịrụghachi Ọhịa

## Ebe e si nweta ya
Isiokwu nke a gụnyere ederede sitere na "Global Forest Resources Assessment nke 2020 Key findings" (PDF). FAO, 2020. Ikike n'okpuru CC BY-SA 3.0. Lee c:File:Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020 - Isi nchọpụta.pdf.  VRTS # .

 This article incorporates text from a free content work.  Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO (license statement/permission). Text taken from The State of the World’s Forests 2020. Forestry, biodiversity and people – In brief​,  FAO & UNEP, FAO & UNEP. .mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}

## Edensibia
Entrepreneurs for Sustainability

**Entrepreneurs for Sustainability**, nke a na-akpọ **E4S**, bụ netwọk azụmaahịa dị na mpaghara Greater Cleveland nke na-elekwasị anya na nkwado na ọchụnta ego.  Holly Harlan, onye nwe ụlọ ọrụ ndụmọdụ azụmaahịa na Cleveland Heights, guzobere nzukọ ahụ na 2000, na ebumnuche nke ịkwalite mmepe akụ na ụba na azụmaahịa mmalite na-elekwasị anya na mgbanwe dị mma na idozi nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi.  Ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ Great Lakes Brewing Company na-akwado nzukọ.  Nzukọ ahụ na-eto eto, nwere ndị otu 5800 na 2008.

Companieslọ ọrụ mmalite na-akwado nkwado nke jikọtara ya na otu ahụ gụnyere BioDiesel Cleveland, Sustainable Solutions, ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ụlọ na-ahụ maka ụlọ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, yana Good Nature, ọrụ nlekọta ahịhịa lekwasịrị anya nkwado.  Otu ndị anaghị akwụ ụgwọ metụtara otu gụnyere EcoCity Cleveland (nke jikọtara na Cleveland Museum of Natural History dị ka GreenCityBlueLake Institute), Green Energy Ohio, na Cleveland Green Building Coalition.

Nzukọ a na-enye ndị isi mpaghara bụ ndị mebere ụkpụrụ nke nkwado ihe nrite "Champions of Sustainability"..

## Ọrụ na ihe omume
Na mgbakwunye na nzukọ ha kwa ọnwa, ndị ọchụnta ego maka Sustainability na-enye ndị otu ya ọtụtụ ọrụ.  Otu n'ime mmemme dị otú ahụ bụ nke a na-akpọ Sustainability Implementation Group, nke na-adabere na obere azụmahịa na obere azụmahịa, na-eme ka ụlọ ọrụ gaa na ụlọ ọrụ ibe ha ma mụta banyere nkà na ụzụ ọhụrụ, na otu ihe mgbaru ọsọ bụ ịmepụta usoro ntinye ego ọhụrụ jikọtara ya na nkwado.  Otu ahụ nwetakwara ego enyemaka na 2004 site na steeti Ohio iji nwee ogbako na arụmọrụ ike na mpaghara niile dị n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Ohio.  N'afọ 2006, nzukọ ahụ natara $ 20,000 site na Burton D. Morgan Foundation iji wuo ma wusie mmemme ya ike.

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* E4S Homepage E debere  Wayback Machine
* Green City Blue Lake - Kalenda ihe omume na-akwado nkwado maka North East Ohio.
Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Azụmaahịa Mmiri nke Gulf States

[thumb|Members of the Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission: (left to right) [Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Florida]]
Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission (GSMFC) bụ kọmpat n'etiti steeti ise US nke nwere oke n'akụkụ Ọwara Mexico: [1] Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi na Texas.  Ebumnobi ya bụ ịkwalite nchekwa, mmepe na iji akụ azụ̀ nke oke mmiri.

## References

## External links
Rizky Eka Pratama

**Muhammad Rizky Eka Pratama** (amụrụ na 24 Disemba 1999) bụ onye Indonesian ọkachamara na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba dịka winger maka Liga 1 club PSM Makassar .

## Ọrụ klọb

### PSM Makassar
Ọ bịanyere aka na PSM Makassar ka ọ gbaa bọọlụ na Liga 1 n'afọ 2019. Rizky Eka mere nke mbụ ya na 27 Septemba 2019 na egwuregwu megide Persipura Jayapura . N'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2019, Rizky gbara goolu mbụ ya maka PSM megide Persipura Jayapura na nkeji nke iri atọ na anọ na Andi morning Mattalatta Stadium, Makassar.

## Ọrụ mba ụwa
N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2019, a kpọrọ Rizky aha dị ka ndị otu Indonesia U-20 All Stars, iji gbaa bọọlụ na U-20 International Cup nke e mere na Bali.

## Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ

### Klọb

## Nsọpụrụ

### Klọb

; PSM Makassar

* Njikọ 1: 2022-23
* Piala Indonesia: 2019

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Rizky Eka Pratama na Soccerway
* Rizky Eka Pratama na Liga Indonesia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo, Azụmaahịa na Nchekwa

The **Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department** (Chinese: 漁農自然護理署; formerly the **Agriculture and Fisheries Department** (漁農署) before 2000, of the Hong Kong Government is responsible for agriculture and fisheries in Hong Kong, conservation projects and issues, and managing the country parks and special areas.

g.Ọ na-akọ ugbu a na Environment na Ecology Bureau, n'agbanyeghị na mbụ ọ nọ n'okpuru odeakwụkwọ maka nri na ahụike site na 2007 ruo 2022, odeakwụkwọ maka ahụike, ọdịmma na nri na odeakwụkwọ maka gburugburu ebe obibi, ụgbọ njem na ọrụ, yana tupu 2000, odeakwụkwọ maka  Ọrụ akụ na ụba.  Ngalaba ahụ bụkwa ọrụ maka ịnye ikike mbubata pụrụ iche, mbufe na ikike mbubata anụ ụlọ maka anụ ụlọ, osisi a ga-ebufe ma ọ bụ bubata na Hong Kong.

The department is headed by the *Director of Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation* (titled *Director of Agriculture and Fisheries* before 2000). The current director is Alan Wong Chi-kong.

### List of directors

* Jack Cater (1964-1965)
* Edward Hewitt Nichols (1965-1980)
* John Morrison Riddell-Swan (1980-1983)
* Gavin J. Hoult
* Lessimmm
* Alan Wong Chi-kong

## History
In January 2022, the AFCD banned the importation of hamsters after some were infected with COVID-19; in January 2023, the AFCD lifted the ban, but required that imported hamsters test negative for the virus.

## See also

*
*
* Herbarium

## References
Bagus Kahfi

**Amiruddin Bagus Kahfi Alfikri** (amụrụ na 16 Jenụwarị 2002) bụ onye Indonesian ọkachamara na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na- agbachitere Liga 1 club Barito Putera .

## Ọrụ klọb
Bagus Kahfi bụbu onye na-agba bọọlụ na PSSA Asahan na Barito Putera. Na 5 Febụwarị, ọ sonyeere otu Eredivisie Utrecht na nkwekọrịta ruo June 2022. Nke a mere ka ọ bụrụ onye bọọlụ bọọlụ Indonesia mbụ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ọkachamara na klọb Dutch. O mere nke mbụ ya maka ndị otu gwagwalad egwuregwu Jong Utrecht na 27 Ọgọstụ 2021 na mmeri 3-0 na Telstar.

N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2022, Kahfi bịanyere aka na klọb Greek Super League Asteras Tripolis, ruo n'ọnwarị afọ 2023.

## Ọrụ mba ụwa
Bagus Kahfi bụ onye ntorobịa mba Indonesia ugbu a. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị otu Indonesia meriri 2018 AFF U-16 Youth Championship.

N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2021, a kpọrọ  ka ọ gaa Indonesia U23 n'egwuregwu enyi na enyi megide Tajikistan na Nepal ma kwadebe maka 2022 AFC U-23 Asian Cup qualification na Tajikistan site na Shin Tae-yong. Bagus mere nke mbụ ya maka Indonesia U23, na 19 Ọktoba 2021, site na ịmalite na mmeri 2-1 megide Tajikistan U23.

## Ndụ onwe onye
A mụrụ Bagus Kahfi na Magelang, Central Java. Ọ bụ ejima nke Bagas Kaffa onye na-egwuri  maka Liga 1 club Barito Putera.

## Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ

## Nsọpụrụ
**Indonesia U16**

* AFF U-16 Youth Championship: 2018

**Indonesia U19**

* Ebe nke atọ na AFF U-19 Youth Championship: 2019

**Onye ọ bụla**

* Onye kacha gbaa bọọlụ na asọmpi ndị ntorobịa nke AFF U-16: 2018
* Onye kacha gbaa bọọlụ na asọmpi ndị ntorobịa nke AFF U-19: 2019

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Bagus Kahfi at WorldFootball.net
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Christian Lenglolo

**Georges Christian Lenglolo** (28 Julaị 1982 - 4 Septemba 2021) bụ onye Cameroon bụbu onye na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-aga a n'ihu.

## Nsọpụrụ
**Persipura Jayapura**

* Liga Indonesia Premier Division: 2005

**Sriwijaya**

* Njikọ mbụ nke Indonesia: 2007-08

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Profaịlụ na liga-indonesia.co.id
* Profaịlụ na mutiarahitam-jdo6
Solomon Bengondo

**Rigobert Salomon Guy Bengondo** (8 Ọgọst 1987 - 29 Nọvemba 2013) bụ onye Cameroon na-agba bọọlụ nke gbara bọọlụ maka Persipro Probolinggo na Liga Indonesia Premier Division (LPIS). Ọ gbara bọọlụ maka Persikota Tangerang na 2009-10 Liga Indonesia Premier Division.

Ọ nwụrụ na 29 Nọvemba 2013 na Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia.

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

*
Ogige Ntụrụndụ Montecristo Trifinio

**Ogige Ntụrụndụ Montecristo Trifinio** bụ ogige ntụrụndụ dị na Honduras . E guzobere ya na 1 Jenụwarị 1987 ma kpuchie mpaghara nke square kilomita 54.

Montecristo massif bụ ebe ókèala nke Honduras, Guatemala na El Salvador zutere, na nchebe ya bụ njikọ aka nke mba atọ a, nke dugara n'ịmepụta ogige ntụrụndụ mba na Honduras na El Salvador, yana Guatemala Trifinio Biosphere Reserve.

## Ihe odide
Ogwu owuwe ihe ubi dị warara

Anụ owuwe ihe ubi dị warara (*Reithrodontomys tenuirostris*) bụ ụdị ụmụ oke n'ezinụlọ Cricetidae.
A na-ahụ ya na Guatemala na Mexico.

## Ihe odide

* Musser, G. G. na M. D. Carleton. 2005. Superfamily Muroidea. peeji nke 894-1531 *na* Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson na D. M. Reeder dezigharịrị. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
Guan nwere mpi

**Guan nwere mpi** (***Oreophasis derbianus***) bụ nnụnụ buru ibu, nke yiri turkey nke sitere na Central America. Ọ bụ naanị ụdị dị na ụdị ***Oreophasis***.

## Nchịkọta
Ihe atụ holotype nke "*Oreophasis Derbianus*" G.R. Gray (Gen. Bds., 3, 1844, p. (485).) na-eme na nchịkọta nke National Museums Liverpool na World Museum, na nọmba ntinye NML-VZ D210. Don Joaquin Quinones chịkọtara ihe atụ ahụ na Volcán de Fuego, Guatemala n'ihe dị ka afọ 1843 wee bịa na nchịkọta mba Liverpool site na nchịkọta nke 13th Earl of Derby nke e nyere ndị Liverpool.

## Ọdịdị
Guan nwere mpi abụghị ezigbo guan, mana ọ na-eyi nnụnụ ndị a n'ozuzu ya n'ọdịdị na ụcha, ebe mpi ahụ na-echetara ndị curassows nwere okpu. N'ezie, ụdị a bụ naanị onye dị ndụ n'agbụrụ ochie nke cracids nke na-agbanwe n'onwe ya site na ndị ọzọ niile dị ndụ n"ezinụlọ a ruo ma ọ dịkarịa ala nde afọ 20, na ikekwe ihe ruru nde afọ 40.

Ọ bụ ezie na ọ nweghị ezigbo ndị ikwu n'etiti cracids dị ndụ, o doro anya na ezigbo guans *dị anya*. N'iburu n'uche na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti cracids dị ndụ anaghị edozi nke ọma, a na-etinye guan nwere mpi n'ime ezinụlọ dị iche, Oreophasinae. N'aka nke ọzọ, enwere ike itinye ya na nnukwu Cracinae na curassows na chachalacas.

## Nkọwa
Ọ dị ihe dị ka 85 cm (33 in) n'ogologo, nwere ábụ́bà ojii na-egbuke egbuke, ụkwụ na-acha ọbara ọbara, iris na-acha ọcha, ọnụ odo, na mpi na-acha uhie uhie n'elu isi ya. Obi na afọ elu ya na-acha ọcha, ogologo ọdụ ya na-eji oji na eriri ọcha n'akụkụ ala. Ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị yiri. Ụmụ ha na-adịchaghị mma na obere mpi, ma nwee ọdụ na nku na-acha nchara nchara.

## Ebe a na-ekesa ya
A na-ekesa guan nwere mpi n'ọhịa ugwu na-ekpo ọkụ nke ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Mexico (Chiapas) na Guatemala na Central America. A na-ahụ ya na ịdị elu ruo 3,350 m (10,990 ). 

Ihe oriri ya na-abụkarị mkpụrụ osisi, akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, na anụ ndị na-enweghị azụ. 

## Ịzụlite
Nke nne na-eyi otu ma ọ bụ abụọ àkwá.
áká_ịkẹngạ|frameless

## Nchekwa
N'ihi ọnwụ ebe obibi na-aga n'ihu, obere ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, oke ebe, na ịchụ nta n'ebe ụfọdụ, a na-enyocha guan nwere mpi dị ka Vulnerable na IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. E depụtara ya na Ndepụta I nke CITES.

## Ihe odide

* Pereira, Sérgio Luiz; Baker, Allan J.& Wajntal, Anita (2002): Usoro DNA jikọtara nuklia na mitochondrial na-edozi mmekọrịta dị iche iche n'ime Cracidae (Galliformes, Aves). Systematic Biology **51** (6): 946-958. doi:10.1080/10635150290102519 PMID 12554460 PDF fulltext

## Njikọ mpụga

* BirdLife Species Factsheet E debere  Wayback Machine
* Foto Guan nwere mpi, Isiokwu Aventuras Naturales
* Ihe oyiyi Guan nwere mpi; Isiokwu (ihe osise mmanụ)
* Stampụ (maka Mexico, ụdị atọ)
* Ebe a na-ese foto nke Guan VIREO
* Vidio Guan nwere mpi na Nchịkọta Nnụnụ Ịntanetị
Ogige Ntụrụndụ Montecristo

**Ogige Ntụrụndụ Montecristo** bụ nnukwu ogige ntụrụndụ nke dị n'etiti oké ọhịa Montecristo na Mesoamerica. Ogige Ntụrụndụ Montecristo dị n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke El Salvador, mba dị na Central America nke a maara maka ụdị anụ ọhịa ya dị iche iche.

E hiwere ya na 2008, ma kpuchie mpaghara nke 19.73 km2. Ogige ntụrụndụ, tinyere Ogige Ntụrụndụ Montecristo Trifinio na Honduras na Trifinio Biosphere Reserve na Guatemala, mejupụtara Trifinio Fraternidad Transboundary Biosphere reserve.

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị (n'asụsụ Spanish)
Lithobates Lenca

Lenca leopard frog (***Lithobates lenca***) bụ ụdị ezigbo frog a na-ahụ na Chortis Highlands nke ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Honduras na ịdị elu nke 1560 ruo 2080 m. Ọ dịla anya e chere na frog a bụ ngwakọta n'etiti ụdị abụọ dị ala *Lithobates brownorum* na  ruo n'afọ 2018 mgbe nyocha DNA gosipụtara na frog agụ owuru dị n'ugwu bụ ụdị dị iche. Ha dị obere n'ibu mana ha nwere isi buru ibu karịa ụdị ala abụọ ahụ, na ndị nwoke na-eto n'etiti 46.6-64.3 mm (1.83-2.53 in) ebe ndị nwanyị na-etolite n'etiti 43.7-76.3 mm (1.72-3 in). A na-akpọ frog Lenca agụ owuru aha ndị Lenca, ndị bi n'otu mpaghara ugwu dị ka frog.

## Ihe odide
Ilex pallida

***Ilex pallida*** bụ ụdị osisi dị na ezinụlọ Aquifoliaceae. A na-ahụ ya na El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, na Panama. Ọ na-eyi egwu site na mbibi ebe obibi.

## Nkọwa
*Ilex pallida* bụ obere osisi ma ọ bụ obere osisi dị n'etiti, na-eto site na mita 2 ruo 20 n'ogologo. Ọ na-ama ifuru site na Jenụwarị ruo Julaị na Nọvemba, ma na-amị mkpụrụ site na Machị ruo Disemba.

## Ebe obibi na ebe obibi
*Ilex pallida* na-eto n'ọhịa ugwu na-ekpo ọkụ na etiti America, site na El Salvador na ndịda Honduras site na Nicaragua na Costa Rica ruo n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Panama. Ọ na-eto n'etiti mita 700 na 3,300 n'ịdị elu.

A na-ahụ ya n'ọhịa mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na ugwu, gụnyere oké ọhịa mmiri ozuzo, oké ọhịa igwe ojii, na oké ọhịa oak.

## Ihe odide
Cornus excelsa

***Cornus excelsa*** bụ ụdị osisi na-agbasa okooko n'ụdị dogwood (*Cornus*). A mụrụ ya n'oké ọhịa ugwu nke Mexico, Guatemala, na Honduras.

## Nkọwa
*Cornus excelsa* bụ osisi nke na-eto ruo mita 12 n'ogologo, nwere ogwe osisi ruru sentimita 15 n'obosara.

## Ebe obibi na ebe obibi
A na-ahụ *Cornus excelsa* n'ugwu Mexico na ugwu Central America, gụnyere Sierra Madre Oriental, ndịda Sierra Madre Occidental, Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, Sierra Madre de Oaxaca, Sierra Madra del Sur, na Chiapas Highlands nke Mexico, Sierra Madro de Chiapas nke Mexico na Guatemala, na Guatemala Highlands.

A na-ahụkarị ya n'oké ọhịa igwe ojii, ebe ọ bụ osisi a na-ahụtụkarị na mbụ na-esote na ahịhịa nke abụọ. A na-ahụkwa ya na ugwu na ndagwurugwu n'ọhịa oak na osisi pine-oak. Ọ dị site na mita 1,500 ruo 2,800 n'ịdị elu.

Enwere ike ịzụlite mkpụrụ osisi n'ụzọ dị mfe site na mkpụrụ osisi ndị nwere kemịkal.

## Ihe odide
Drimys granadensis

***Drimys granadensis*** bụ osisi na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nke ezinụlọ Winteraceae. Ọ bụ nke a mụrụ n'oké ọhịa ugwu na-ekpo ọkụ site na Peru ruo n'ebe ndịda Mexico.

Aha ndị a na-ahụkarị na Mexico gụnyere al-ca-puc, cashiquec, chachaca, chilillo, palo picante, palo de chile, yaga-bziga, na vaya-yiña.

## Nkọwa
*Drimys granadensis* bụ obere osisi na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ma ọ bụ obere osisi, ruo mita 12 n'ogologo, nwere nnukwu okooko osisi na- ọcha.

## Ebe obibi na ebe obibi
*Drimys granadensis* sitere na Peru site na Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, na Central America ruo n'ebe ndịda Mexico. Ọ bụ ihe atụ nke oké ọhịa igwe ojii nke Northern Andes, Central American Cordillera, na ugwu ndịda Mexico.

N'ebe ndịda Mexico, a na-ahụ ya n'oké ọhịa igwe ojii, na mpaghara osimiri na ndagwurugwu mmiri dị mma n'oké osisi oak na oké ọhịa pine-oak, site na mita 1,100 ruo 3,300 n'ịdị elu.
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Osisi na akwụkwọ osisi - ''Drimys granadensis''

## Ụdị dị iche iche
E nwere ụdị ise a nabatara:

* *Drimys granadensis* var. *chiriquiensis* A.C.Sm. - Panama
* *Drimys granadensis* var. *granadensis* - Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Venezuela
* *Drimys granadensis* var. mexicana (DC.) A.C.Sm. - Mexico (Veracruz, Puebla, Guerrero, Oaxaca, na Chiapas steeti), Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, na Costa Rica
* *Drimys granadensis* var. *peruviana* A.C.Sm. - Peru
* *Drimys granadensis* var. *uniflora* (Turcz.) A.C.Sm. - n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Venezuela

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

*
Carpinus tropicalis

thumb|Carpinus tropicalis

***Carpinus tropicalis*** bụ ụdị osisi dị na etiti na ndịda Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, na Nicaragua.

## Nkọwa
*Carpinus tropicalis* bụ obere osisi na-eto eto ruo 30 m (98 ) n'ogologo, na ogwe osisi ruru 100 cm (39 in) n'obosara.

## Ebe obibi na ebe obibi
Na Mexico, a na-ahụ ya n'ebe ndị dịgasị iche iche na Sierra Madre Oriental, Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, Sierra Madre de Oaxaca, ndịda Sierra Madre Occidental, Sierra Madra del Sur, Chiapas Highlands, na Sierra Madra de Chiapas. A na-ahụkwa ya n'ugwu Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, na Nicaragua.
Ọ bụ osisi igwe ojii nke oké ọhịa, a na-ahụkwa ya n'ọhịa oak, pine-oak, na pine, n'etiti 1,000 na 2,700 mita.

## Ihe odide
Quercus benthamii

{{Speciesbox|image=Quercus rapurahuensis 2zz.jpg|image_caption=|status=NT|status_system=IUCN3.1|status_ref=|display_parents=3|parent=Quercus sect. Lobatae|taxon=Quercus benthamii|authority=A.DC.|synonyms=|synonyms_ref=

***Quercus benthamii*** bụ ụdị osisi oak n'ezinụlọ Fagaceae. A mụrụ ya n'oké ọhịa igwe ojii nke Central America na ndịda Mexico. Ọ na-eyi egwu site na mbibi ebe obibi.

## Nkọwa
*Quercus benthamii* bụ nnukwu osisi na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ. Ndị tozuru etozu nwere ike iru mita 40 n'ịdị elu.

## Nchịkọta
A na-etinye *Quercus benthamii* na ngalaba . Osisi oak Talamanca, *Quercus rapurahuensis* Pittier ex Trel. , nke a na-ekesa na Costa Rica na Panama, a na-ewere ya ugbu a dị ka otu ihe na Q. benthamii.

## Ebe a na-ekesa ya
*Quercus benthamii* bụ ụdị dị ụkọ, nke a na-ekesa n'oké ọhịa mmiri ozuzo site na ndịda Mexico ruo n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Panama.

A na-ekesa ya nke ọma n'ebe niile ọ dị. Na Mexico, a na-ahụ ya na mpaghara La Chinantla nke Oaxaca, nke dị na ndagwurugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Sierra Madre de Oaxaca. A na-ahụkwa ya n'ọhịa igwe ojii dị na Central America - Guatemala na mita 2,100, El Salvador na 2,500 m, Honduras site na mita 1,800 ruo 2,800 elu, Nicaragua site na mita 450 ruo 1,700 elu, Costa Rica na 2,400 m, na ọdịda anyanwụ Panama na 2,100 m. Ebe a na-eme atụmatụ (AOO) maka Q. benthamii bụ 584 km2, nke nwere ike ịbụ ihe dị ala.

## Nchekwa
A nyochara *Quercus benthamii* dị ka "ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ egwu" na 2018 maka IUCN Red List. A maghị ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na ya, mana ebe obibi ya anọwo na-enwe nsogbu mmadụ na-aga n'ihu n'ọtụtụ ebe ọ dị. E meela ka ebe ndị a na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpuchi ọhịa bụrụ obere iberibe. Ihe egwu gụnyere iwepụ osisi na nkụ, ịta ehi, ọkụ nke mmadụ kpatara, na ntụgharị nke ọhịa ka ọ bụrụ ebe ịta nri na ubi kọfị. Mgbanwe ihu igwe na-eyi ebe obibi igwe ojii egwu. *Quercus rapurahuensis* Pitt. ex Trel. e nyochara na 1998 dị ka "onye na-adịghị ike", mana kemgbe ahụ ka a na-ewere ya dị ka otu okwu nke *Quercus benthamii*.

## Ihe odide
Quercus corrugata

***Quercus corrugata*** bụ ụdị osisi oak a na-ahụ na Central America na Mexico.

## Nkọwa
*Quercus corrugata* bụ nnukwu osisi na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, na-eto ruo mita 60 n'ogologo. O nwere ogwe aka kwụ ọtọ nke nwere ike iru mita 2.5 n'obosara. O nwere nnukwu akị, nke a na-emepụta n'ụba n'oge ihe omume na-eme n'oge.

## Ebe obibi na ebe obibi
*Quercus corrugata* sitere na ndịda Mexico na Central America ruo n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Panama.

Na Mexico a na-ahụ ya na ndịda Sierra Madre Oriental nke Hidalgo, Veracruz, na Puebla steeti site na Sierra Madre de Oaxaca, Sierra de los Tuxtlas, Chiapas Highlands, na Sierra Madra de Chiapas. Na Central America a na-ahụ ya na Sierra Madre de Chiapas nke Guatemala na El Salvador, Guatemala Highlands, Maya Mountains nke Belize, Chortis Highlands nke Honduras na Nicaragua, na Cordillera de Talamanca nke Costa Rica na ọdịda anyanwụ Panama.

Ọ na-ebi n'oké ọhịa mmiri ozuzo nke ugwu n'etiti mita 700 na 2,200.

## Ihe odide
Quercus cortesii

***Quercus cortesii*** bụ ụdị osisi oak nke dị na Central America na ndịda Mexico.

## Nkọwa
*Quercus cortesii* bụ nnukwu osisi na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, na-eto ruo mita 40 n'ogologo.

*Quercus cortesii* bụ osisi na-eto ngwa ngwa nke nwere ogologo ndụ. A naghị ahụkarị ha na acorns, ma na-amụba na okirikiri nke afọ ise ruo iri.

## Ebe obibi na ebe obibi
*Quercus cortesii* gafere ugwu nke Central America na ndịda Mexico, n'etiti 700 na 2400 mita elu. Ọgwụgwụ ndịda nke mpaghara ahụ bụ Cordillera de Talamanca na Costa Rica na Chiriquí Province nke ọdịda anyanwụ Panama. Na Mexico, a na-ahụ ya na ndagwurugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt na steeti Puebla na Veracruz, na Sierra Madre de Chiapas na Chiapas Highlands nke steeti Chiapas. A kọwakwara ya na steeti Oaxaca.

Ebe obibi ya bụ oké ọhịa igwe ojii na ebe obibi oké ọhịa ndị ọzọ.

Ogologo ihe omume (EOO) bụ 500,000 km2, 676,000 km2 gụnyere Oaxaca. Ebe obibi (AOO) maka ụdị ahụ bụ 416 km2. O yikarịrị ka a na-eleda AOO anya n'ihi obere nnwale, mana o yighị ka ọ gafere 2000 km2.

## Nchekwa
*Quercus cortesii* na-enwe mmebi ebe obibi n'ofe ya site na igbu osisi n'oké ọhịa ugwu, na iwepụ ọhịa maka ọrụ ugbo na ịta ahịhịa. Enwere obere ozi gbasara ọnọdụ nke ụfọdụ ndị bi na Central America. Ọnọdụ nchekwa nke ụdị ahụ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe a na-eyi egwu.

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga
Quercus elliptica

***Quercus elliptica*** bụ ụdị osisi oak nke Mesoamerica. Ọ gbasara n'etiti na ndịda Mexico na Central America site na Sinaloa na Hidalgo n'ebe ndịda ruo Nicaragua. A na-ekewa ya na òtù . .

## Nkọwa
*Quercus elliptica* bụ osisi na-eto ruo mita 15 (49 ụkwụ) n'ogologo na ogwe ruru sentimita 70 (28 sentimita) n'obosara. Akwụkwọ ya dị arọ ma nwee akpụkpọ anụ, ruo   (  3⁄4 in) n'ogologo, elliptical nwere ọnụ ma ọ nweghị ezé ma ọ bụ lobes.

## Ebe obibi na ebe obibi
A na-ahụ *Quercus elliptica* n'ọhịa oak, oké ọhịa igwe ojii, na oké ọhịa pine-fir (*Abies*) site na mita 300 ruo 2400 n'ịdị elu. Ọ na-ejikarị ala granite eme ihe. *Quercus elliptica* na-abụkarị ihe a ma ama ebe a na-ahụkarị ya.

*Quercus elliptica* dị n'etiti na ndịda Mexico. Ebe ọ dị na ya sitere na etiti Sierra Madre Occidental nke Sinaloa n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ site na ọdịda anyanwụ Nayarit, gụnyere Sierra de San Juan, na ọdịda ọdịda anyanwụ Jalisco, gụnyere Sierra De Vallejo na Sierra de Manantlán. Ọ na-agafe Sierra Madre del Sur na Sierra Madre de Oaxaca nke Guerrero na Oaxaca steeti. E nwere ndị bi na Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt nke Michoacán na Mexico steeti. Na Chiapas a na-ahụ ya na Sierra Madre de Chiapas na Chiapas Highlands, gụnyere Lagunas de Montebello National Park.

E nwere naanị ihe abụọ e depụtara na Guatemala, na Sierra de las Minas na Camotán. A na-ahụkwa ya na Ugwu Maya nke Belize, na ugwu ugwu nke El Salvador, Honduras, na Nicaragua.

## Nchekwa
N'ihi oke ya na ọtụtụ ndị bi na ya, a na-ahụta ya dị ka nke kacha echegbu onwe ya. N'agbanyeghị na ebe obibi ya furu efu n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke ebe obibi ya, a na-ewere ọnụ ọgụgụ ya dị ka nke kwụsiri ike.

A chọtawo *Phytophthora cinnamomi*, nje fungal a maara dị ka Sudden Oak Death, na *Quercus elliptica*.

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* foto nke herbarium specimen na Missouri Botanical Garden, anakọtara na Honduras na 1938
Quercus castanea

***Quercus castanea*** bụ ụdị osisi oak. Ọ gbasara n'ọtụtụ Mexico, site na Sonora ruo Chiapas, na Guatemala, El Salvador, na Honduras.

## Nkọwa
Ọ bụ osisi na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ruo mita 15 (49 ụkwụ) n'ogologo na ogwe osisi ruru 80 cm (31 in) n'obosara. Akwụkwọ ya dị arọ ma nwee akpụkpọ anụ, ruo 11.6  (  1⁄2 in) n'ogologo, ma nwee ọtụtụ ezé dị nkọ n'akụkụ ya. Ọ na-ama ifuru site na Machị ruo Juun, na acorns ya na-etolite n'etiti Ọktọba na Disemba.

A maara ụdị ahụ ka ọ na-agwakọta na ụdị osisi oak na-acha ọbara ọbara ndị ọzọ na-emetụta ya.

## Ebe obibi na ebe obibi
*Quercus castanea* bụ nwa amaala ugwu nke Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, na Honduras. Na Mexico, ụdị ahụ bi na Sierra Madre Oriental, Sierra Madre Occidental, Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, Sierra Madra de Oaxaca, na Sierra Madra del Sur n'etiti mita 1,400 na 2,600 elu. Ọ na-ebikwa na Sierra Madre de Chiapas nke Mexico Mexico na Guatemala, na Montecristo Massif ebe ókèala El Salvador, Guatemala, na Honduras zutere. Na Guatemala, a kọọrọ Q. castanea ruo mita 3,500. E mere atụmatụ na ụdị ahụ (EOO) bụ 1,110,000 km2, dabere na ihe karịrị 500 nchịkọta na ndekọ herbarium.

A na-ahụ ụdị ahụ n'ọtụtụ ebe obibi ugwu. Ọ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị n'ọhịa oak kpọrọ nkụ, ala ahịhịa xerophytic, na ala osisi oak mepere emepe n'akụkụ cacti na osisi nke ezinụlọ Leguminaceae. Ọ na-etolite n'oké ọhịa mmiri ozuzo.

Na Cuitzeo Basin nke etiti Mexico, osisi acorn (*Melanerpes formicivorus*) na osisi golden-fronted woodpeckers (*Melanelpes* aurifrons) bụ ihe dị mkpa na-agbasa acorn.

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* foto nke herbarium specimen na Missouri Botanical Garden, anakọtara na Oaxaca na 1894
Quercus calophylla

***Quercus calophylla*** bụ ụdị osisi oak nke Mesoamerica. A mụrụ ya n'oké ọhịa ugwu nke etiti na ndịda Mexico, Guatemala, na El Salvador. A maara ya n'ụzọ na-ezighi ezi dị ka Quercus candicans.

Aha ndị a na-ahụkarị gụnyere ahuahuaxtl, ahuamextli, encino blanco, encino cenizo, encino de agua, encino papatla, huilocualoni, popocamay, tzacui blanco, na tzaquioco.

## Nkọwa
Ọ bụ osisi na-eto eto nke na-eto site na 8 ruo 25 m (26 ruo 82 ) n'ogologo na ogwe ruru 100 sentimita (39 sentimita) n'obosara. Akwụkwọ ya siri ike ma nwee akpụkpọ anụ, siri ike, ruo 23.5  ( +1⁄4 in) ogologo, dị ka àkwá nwere ọtụtụ ezé dị nkọ n'akụkụ ya.

## Nchịkọta
N'afọ 2018, a chọpụtara na ụdị ụdị Quercus *candicans* bụ n'ezie *Roldana* a na-amaghị nke ọma, osisi dị n'ezinụlọ aster (Asteraceae). Aha ziri ezi nke ụdị a bụ *Quercus calophylla*. Ụdị ndị Trelease debere na Quercus *candicans* bụ ebe a.

## Ebe obibi na ebe obibi
*Quercus calophylla* na-eto n'ọhịa mmiri na-ede n'ugwu, nke na-abụkarị oké ọhịa igwe ojii ma na-enwekwa oké ọhịa oak na oké ọhịa pine-oak, site na mita 1,200 ruo 2,700 (3,900 ruo 8,900 ụkwụ). Ọ na-ahọrọ ala calcareous.

Mpaghara ya gụnyere Sierra Madre Occidental nke Sonora, Chihuahua, Durango, Sinaloa, na steeti Nayarit, Sierra Madre Oriental nke San Luis Potosí, Hidalgo, Puebla, na Veracruz, Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt nke Jalisco, Colima, Michoacán, Guanajuato, Mexico City, na Mexico State, Sierra Madra de Oaxaca nke Oaxaca, Sierra Madro del Sur nke Guerrero na Oaxaca na Guatemala, na Sierra Madre de Chiapas.

## Nchekwa
*Quercus calophylla* enweela mmetụta site na mbibi ebe obibi site na mgbukpọ ọhịa dị ukwuu n'ọtụtụ ebe ya. Ọnọdụ nchekwa ya bụ Vulnerable. A hụla mmeghachi omume siri ike na nsọtụ ebe ndị nwere nsogbu na ndò dị n'etiti.

## Ihe odide


## Njikọ mpụga

* foto nke herbarium specimen na Missouri Botanical Garden, anakọtara na Michoacán na 1891
Quercus lancifolia

***Quercus lancifolia*** bụ ụdị osisi oak a na-ahụ na Central America na Mexico.

## Nkọwa
*Quercus lancifolia* bụ nnukwu osisi dị n'ọhịa ruo mita 30 (98 ụkwụ) n'ogologo na ogwe osisi 100 sentimita (39 sentimita) ma ọ bụ karịa n'obosara. Akwụkwọ ya ruru   (8+5⁄8 in) n'ogologo, mgbe ụfọdụ enweghị lobes ma ọ bụ ezé mana mgbe ụfọdụ nwere ondulations ma ọ bụ Ezé dị nkọ; ha na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ n'elu, ma na-acha ọcha ma na-agba agba n'okpuru.

## Ebe obibi na ebe obibi
*Quercus lancifolia* bi n'oké ọhịa igwe ojii dị n'agbata mita 500 na 2,400. Ọ nwere ike ịbụ ụdị kachasị ebe ọ na-apụta.

Na Mexico a na-ahụ ya na ndịda Sierra Madre Oriental nke Hidalgo, Veracruz, na Puebla steeti, Sierra Madre de Oaxaca na Puebla na Oaxaca steeti, Chiapas Highlands, na Sierra Madre De Chiapas nke Chiapas na Guatemala dị nso. Na Central America ọ bi n'Ugwu Maya nke Belize na ugwu ugwu nke Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, na ọdịda anyanwụ Panama.

## Nchekwa na ihe iyi egwu
*Quercus lancifolia* na-emetụta ọnwụ ebe obibi na nkwarụ ebe obibi n'ọtụtụ ebe ya. N'ime nde hekta 3.1 nke oké ọhịa igwe ojii mbụ nke Mexico, naanị 28% fọdụrụ na 2002, ọkara nke ihe fọdụrụ bụ nke mebiri emebi ma ọ bụ oké ọhịa nke abụọ. Na Veracruz, ọ bụ naanị 10% nke ebe ọhịa igwe ojii mbụ fọdụrụ.

Ọ bụ ezie na a chọpụtabeghị ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na ya, ọ nweghị akụkọ banyere mbelata na-aga n'ihu. A na-enyocha ọnọdụ nchekwa nke ụdị dị ka Nchegbu Dị Ala.

## Ihe odide
Quercus oocarpa

***Quercus oocarpa*** bụ ụdị osisi oak nke Mesoamerica.

A mụrụ ya na Central America na ndịda Mexico, yana ndị bi na canyons nke Jalisco na ọdịda anyanwụ Mexico.

## Nkọwa
*Quercus oocarpa* bụ nnukwu osisi dị n'ọhịa na-adịkarị ihe karịrị mita 25 (82 ụkwụ) n'ogologo, na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ma ọ bụ na-acha, na ogwe osisi ruru 100 sentimita (39 sentimita) n'obosara. Akwụkwọ ya na-adị mgbe ụfọdụ ihe ruru 45 cm (18 in) n'ogologo, n'ozuzu ya dị ka àkwá na ọtụtụ obere ezé dị nkọ n'akụkụ ya.

## Ebe obibi na ebe obibi
*Quercus oocarpa* sitere na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Mexico (Nayarit, Jalisco, na Guerrero steeti, na ikekwe Chiapas), site na Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, na Costa Rica ruo Panama. Ụfọdụ ụdị nke Quercus insignis M.Martens & Galeotti sitere na Chiapas na-agbagwoju anya na ụdị a.

Ọ na-ebi n'ọhịa ndị na-ekpo ọkụ, gụnyere oké ọhịa igwe ojii na oké ọhịa pine-oak-Liquidambar, n'etiti 1400 na 2000 mita elu.

## Ihe odide
Juniperus standleyi

thumb|Mkpụrụ osisi Juniperus Standleyi
***Juniperus standleyi*** bụ ụdị juniper nke sitere na Guatemala na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Mexico (Volcán Tacaná na Chiapas), ebe ọ na-eme na ịdị elu nke 3,000-4,250 mita (9,840-13,940 ụkwụ). Aha ndị a na-ahụkarị n'ógbè ya gụnyere huitó, ***cipres***, na ***huitum***.

## Nkọwa
*Juniperus standleyi* bụ osisi coniferous na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ma ọ bụ obere osisi na-eto eto ruo mita 5-15 (16-49 ụkwụ), na-adịkarịghị mita 20, n'ịdị elu. Akwụkwọ ya nwere ụdị abụọ, akwụkwọ ndị na-eto eto yiri agịga 5-7 milimita n'ogologo na mkpụrụ osisi na mgbe ụfọdụ (dị ka uto ọzọ mgbe emechara mmebi) na osisi ndị toro eto, na akwụkwọ ndị toro eto 1-1.5 mm n'oghere na osisi ndị okenye; a na-ahazi ha na decussate abụọ ma ọ bụ whorls nke atọ.

Cones bụ globose, berry-dị ka, 6-9 mm n'obosara, na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-eji oji na-acha odo odo, ma nwee mkpụrụ atọ ruo isii; ha tozuru n'ihe dị ka ọnwa 18. Cones ndị nwoke dị 1.5-2 mm n'ogologo, ma na-awụpụ ntụ ọka ha n'oge opupu ihe ubi. Ọ bụ dioecious na cones nwoke na nwanyị na osisi dị iche iche.

## Nchekwa
*Juniperus standleyi* na-eyi egwu site na mmebi ebe obibi na igbu osisi n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị.

## Ihe odide
Society for Conservation GIS

"Echiche maka otu ndị ọrụ GIS mba ụwa maka nchekwa bụ nke mbụ Charles Convis tụrụ aro na 1991[1] Site na onyinye sitere na mmemme nchekwa Esri na Mahadum California James Reserve na-akwado, otu a na-ezukọ kwa afọ n'okpuru aha na-agbanwe agbanwe, gụnyere "  Nchekwa GIS Alliance."[2]  Ejikọtara ya dị ka Society for Conservation GIS na 1997 [3] wee nata onyinye mbụ sitere na Robert Arenz (Ego-Arenz Foundation) na Jack Dangermond (Esri).  N'ime afọ 5 sochirinụ, SCGIS tolitere ruo ihe dị ka ndị otu US 300 sitere na ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa nchekwa mbụ nke America, jikọtara ọnụ n'otu echiche nke otu teknụzụ ga-esi kacha mma iji nyere ndị nchekwa anaghị akwụ ụgwọ aka n'ụwa niile.  SCGIS nakweere echiche nchekwa sara mbara, ndị otu na mmemme gụnyere ụmụ amaala na ndị mba mbụ, mmemme ikpe ziri ezi gburugburu ebe obibi na mmepe na-adigide.  Gordon na Betty Moore Foundation nyere onyinye "Science Special Projects" site na The Nature Conservancy na 2004 nke kwadoro isiakwụkwọ SCGIS 6 ọhụrụ nke mba ụwa na ogbako ọhụrụ na mmemme ọzụzụ na teknụzụ nchekwa.[4]  Ka ọ na-erule 2007, SCGIS Kenya etoola ruo ndị otu 100, SCGIS Madagascar nwere ndị otu 300 na isiakwụkwọ ọhụrụ amalitela na Philippines, Slovenia, Brazil, South Africa, Siberia, DR Congo, Mexico & Russia.[5]  Akwụkwọ ahụ Conservation Geography ( ) na-akọwa ọtụtụ ndị otu mba ụwa na ọrụ isi nke SCGIS....

Supported by an all volunteer staff, a volunteer Board of Directors and Advisory Council,  SCGIS hosts an annual conference that features discussion panels on the integration of GIS and conservation science, user group meetings, hands-on training sessions, and workshops. This Annual Conference, led by an all-volunteer Conference Committee, is recognized as a one-of-a-kind event that attracts GIS conservationists from all over the world. Technical seminar programs that are offered before and after the conference are especially popular; members who participate in the training and conference often report that their involvement has changed their lives. Published & filmed proceedings and Interviews have been created for member access since 2016 by the Scgis Camera Team.  The Scgis Communications & Website committees support the official website with member-exclusive content including hundreds of technical workshops, conference proceedings & webinars.  The SCGIS Global Committee oversees dozens of international chapters (as of 2019), an annual competitive Scholarship Program, and a growing global network of certified Conservation GIS Trainers.

## References
Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ogige Ndị Dị n'Amerịka

American Community Gardening Association (ACGA) bụ ọgbakọ anaghị akwụ ụgwọ nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo, ndị ọkachamara na ndị otu na-arụ ọrụ na-akwado akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ obodo n'ime ime obodo na obodo mepere emepe gafee Canada na United States. ACGA na ndị otu ya na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ iji kwalite nri obodo na ịkọ ubi ịchọ mma, ichekwa na njikwa nke oghere, oke ọhịa, na nhazi atụmatụ na njikwa nke obodo mepere emepe na ime obodo.

* Ubi ubi obodo na United States

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* Landwehr Engle, Debra. Obi ụtọ sitere n'ogige ahụ: Ịgbanwe ogige ụwa n'otu oge. Akwụkwọ Rodale: 2003.  .
* Schaye, Kim na Chris Losee. Stronger Than Dirt: Otu Di na Nwunye Urban si Mlite Azụmaahịa, Ezinụlọ, na Ụzọ Ọhụrụ nke Ndụ site na Ala. Three Rivers Press: 2003.  ISBN .

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ American Community Gardening Association
Eletrọnịkị Cultural Atlas Initiative

Eletrọnịkị Cultural Atlas Initiative (ECAI) bụ atụmatụ mmadụ dijitalụ gụnyere ọtụtụ ndị prọfesọ agụmakwụkwọ na ụlọ ọrụ gburugburu ụwa nwere ebumnuche ekwuru nke imepụta atlas dijitalụ netwọk site na imepụta ngwaọrụ na ịtọ ụkpụrụ maka eserese dijitalụ siri ike.￼

E hibere ECAI na 1997 site n'aka Emeritus Prof. Lewis Lancaster nke Mahadum California, Berkeley, ma nweela nzukọ abụọ kwa afọ ọtụtụ afọ site na 1998 - 2009 (na-aga n'ihu), otu n'ime ya na-ejikọta ya na Pacific Neighborhood Consortium.  Ebumnuche a dabere na UC Berkeley.￼

Ụlọ nyocha nke Archaeological Computing Laboratory na Mahadum Sydney mepụtara 'ECAI' nke ihe ndekọ data dijitalụ ekesara ekesa site na 1998, ma na-eji ngwa ACL's TimeMap.￼

## See also