James G. Spady

**James G. Spady** (Eprel 2, 1944 - Febụwarị 17, 2020) bụ onye odee, onye ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na onye nta akụkọ meriri. N'ime ọrụ afọ iri ise ya, Spady dere ma dezie ọtụtụ akwụkwọ, rụọ ọrụ na redio, telivishọn, na ihe nkiri, dee ọtụtụ narị akụkọ akụkọ maka mgbasa ozi dị iche iche na-ebipụta, ma nata National Newspaper Publishers Association 's Meritorious Award.   

## Ndụ mmalite na ọrụ
Dị ka nwa okorobịa, James G. Spady sonyeere Philadelphia NAACP Youth Council, ebe o zutere onye ndu obodo, onye ọka iwu, na Philadelphia NAACP President, Cecil B. Moore . N'okpuru nduzi Moore, Spady sonyeere mkpesa akụkọ ihe mere eme 1965 iji wepụrụ Girard College, ụlọ akwụkwọ K-12 na-acha ọcha naanị maka ụmụ ogbenye na ụmụ mgbei.  Mgbalị ahụ na-aga nke ọma gụnyere ọnwa 7 nke ịtụ n'ihu mgbidi mpụta nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ nke - mgbe ọ gara na ngagharị iwe ahụ - Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. kpọrọ "ụdị mgbidi Berlin iji mee ka ụmụ Chineke nwee agba."  Mgbe e mesịrị, Spady ga-aga n'ihu na mmemme ya site n'inyere aka ịhazi nleta Muhammad Ali na 1967 na Mahadum Howard ebe Ali nyere okwu "Black is Best" ya .  

Ọrụ mmụta Spady malitere n'oge na-adịghị anya ka nke ahụ gasịrị, na-esochi njem dị ukwuu gafee kọntinent Africa na ọdịda anyanwụ Europe. Karịsịa, na May 1968, ya na ndị ọrụ ibe hiwere Black History Museum Library na Heritage House na North Philadelphia (mgbe e mesịrị ịkwaga na YWCA na Girard Avenue na n'akụkụ akụkọ ihe mere eme African American social club, The Pyramid Club ).  Ọbá akwụkwọ ahụ nwere—dị ka ihe ndekọ nke oge a si kwuo—“akwụkwọ mpịakọta atọ, akwụkwọ nta, broshuọ, traktị ndị ohu, akwụkwọ ozi, akwụkwọ ozi, ihe osise, ngwá egwú, ihe ndekọ, ihe odide ndị a na-ebipụtabeghị, akwụkwọ akụkọ, na ihe ndị ọzọ.”  Ọbá akwụkwọ ahụ bipụtara *Akwụkwọ akụkọ Black History Museum UMUM* malitere na Ọktoba 1971, bụ nke lekwasịrị anya na ntinye aka nke ndị Africa na Africa na akụkọ ntolite, sayensị, egwu, na akwụkwọ, ma gosipụta onyinye mbụ sitere n'aka ndị edemede na ndị ọkà mmụta n'ofe United States na karịa. A manyere ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie / ụlọ akwụkwọ ikike imechi site na 1973 mgbe ọkụ na izu ohi sochirinụ, mana ọ gara n'ihu wepụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ya wee bipụta akwụkwọ ruo ọtụtụ afọ mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị n'okpuru ụdị dị iche iche nke Black History Museum UMUM akara. N'ụzọ dị mkpa, Black History Museum Library tupu-ma nye aka ịtọ ntọala maka-Afro-American Historical and Cultural Museum (nke a maara ugbu a dị ka African American Museum na Philadelphia ), onye nduzi mbụ, Charles H. Wesley, bụ onye ndụmọdụ Spady. na onye na-akwado mbọ mbụ a. 

## Ọrụ mmụta
N'ọrụ ya dị ka onye ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na onye nta akụkọ, James G. Spady gbara ajụjụ ọnụ, dee banyere ya, na ụfọdụ ndị enyi dị iche iche nke ndị ọkà mmụta, ndị na-agụ egwú, na ndị edemede nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ, gụnyere: Nina Simone, James Brown, Fela. Kuti, Stevie Wonder, Bob Marley ,&nbsp;Miles Davis, na Dizzy Gillespie ; James Baldwin, Gwendolyn Brooks, Ntozake Shange, na Sterling Brown ; Cheikh Anta Diop, Mercer Cook, Merze Tate, Adelaide Cromwell, Charles H. Wesley, na Benjamin Quarles .  

Mana Spady nyekwara nnukwu ihe nke ndụ ya n'ịdekọ na ịsọpụrụ ndụ na ọrụ nke trailblazing mana ndị omenala, ndị ọgụgụ isi na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-elegharakarị anya. O duuru mgbalị idetu ndụ na ọrụ nke onye ọsụ ụzọ Africa American architect Julian Abele .  O bipụtara akwụkwọ nta, *[https://www.amazon.com/Julian-Abele-architecture-Bon-Vivant/dp/B000723WSS/ref=sr_1_11?qid=1583075614&refinements=p_27%3AJames+G.+Spady&s=books&sr=1-11&text=James+G.+Spady Julian Abele na Architecture of Bon Vivant]* (1982), wee kwenye na Philadelphia Museum of Art and University of Pennsylvania ka ọ mara ọrụ Abele n'ichebe ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie yana ọtụtụ ụlọ Penn .   Spady nyekwara aka n'iweta nlebara anya ọhụrụ na ọrụ ịsụ ụzọ nke onye na-ede uri, onye na-agụ akụkọ ọdịnala, na prọfesọ, Sterling A. Brown, site n'ịhazi nnukwu ụtụ ọha na eze na Washington, DC's Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library na 1976 na itinye onye na-ede uri Robert. Hayden ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi oche maka mmemme ụbọchị ahụ.  Ihe omume ahụ gosipụtara ụtụ sitere na Ruby Dee na Ossie Davis, AB Spellman, Dr. Montague Cobb, Dr. Allison Davis, na Milford Graves, yana Loïs Mailou Jones bụ onye na-ese ihe osise unyi nke Sterling Brown na-ebi n'oge ihe omume ahụ.  Spady na Black History Museum *UMUM* Committee mechara dezie ma bipụta ya, *[https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000212759 Sterling A. Brown: A UMUM Tribute]* (1976 na 1982), nke gosipụtara onyinye sitere n'aka Amiri Baraka, Alan Lomax, Ophelia Egypt, Houston Baker, Léon Damas, Arthur Huff Fauset, na Léopold Sédar Senhgor .  Na 1979, Washington, DC City Council kwupụtara ụbọchị ọmụmụ Brown, Mee 1, *Sterling A. Brown Day*, ma kpọọ ya onye na-ede uri obodo na 1984 *.*  Brown kwuru na N'ajụjụ ọnụ The Washington Post : "Enweghachila m, mweghachi, megharịa ma nwetaghachi." 

Spady rụrụ ụdị ọrụ a maka ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ dị ịrịba ama ọnụ ọgụgụ, gụnyere African American dere William L. Dawson . Ya na kọmitii na-ahụ maka ihe ngosi nka Black History bipụtara akwụkwọ, *[https://books.google.com/books/about/William_L_Dawson.html?id=nhHxfYxljS4C William L. Dawson: A UMUM Tribute and a Marvelous Journey] ,* na 1981.  Mgbe a gbara ajụjụ ọnụ na ime enyi onye Senegalese Cheikh Anta Diop na njedebe 1960s, Spady dere otu n'ime akwụkwọ edemede mbụ nke Bekee iji nyochaa ọrụ ya ( "Negritude, PanBanegritude, na Diopian Philosophy of African History" na 1972).   Mgbe nke atọ World Press bipụtara nsụgharị Bekee nke akwụkwọ Diop, ''The Cultural Unity of Black Africa'' (1978), ọ gụnyere okwu ikpeazụ nke James G. Spady na-arịọ Diop n'onwe ya.  Spady mechara nye ọrụ ma bipụta abụ atọ nke onye na-ede uri na prọfesọ Mwatabu Okantah nke isiokwu ya bụ ''Cheikh Anta Diop: Poem For The Living'' (1997) ; nke a bụ uri epic n'asụsụ atọ nke mbụ e bipụtara na Bekee, French na Wolof . 

Dị ka onye bi na Filadelfia ogologo oge, akụkọ ihe mere eme na onyinye obodo ahụ na-abụkarị isiokwu nke ọrụ Spady. O dere akụkọ ndụ nke enyi ya nwụrụ anwụ, onye Philadelphia ibe ya, na onye ọhụụ Black Arts Movement, Larry Neal, nke aha ya bụ *[https://books.google.com/books/about/Larry_Neal.html?id=CCZbAAAAMAAJ Larry Neal: Onye Ntọhapụ Black Philly Poet na Blues Streak of Mellow Wisdom]* (1989).  Na mgbakwunye, Spady lụrụ ọgụ maka ncheta ndụ na ọrụ nke onye ndụmọdụ ya, onye ọka iwu, na onye ndu obodo, Cecil B. Moore, onye o bipụtara obere akwụkwọ nta akụkọ, *[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/22223026 Cecil B. Moore: A Soldier for Justice]* (1985). Obere oge tupu Spady anwụọ, o dere ederede nke kpụrụ ntọala maka ihe ngosi akụkọ ihe mere eme nke SEPTA arụnyere na nso nso a na ọdụ ụgbọ oloko Cecil B. Moore na Philadelphia's Broad Street Line.  A jụkwara Spady site na Philadelphia redio DJ a ma ama na onye ọrụ ikike obodo Georgie Woods ka ọ dee akụkọ ndụ ya, nke ghọrọ akwụkwọ, *[https://books.google.com/books/about/Georgie_Woods.html?id=hI2VGQAACAAJ Georgie Woods - 'Abụ m Naanị Nwoke!]* *[https://books.google.com/books/about/Georgie_Woods.html?id=hI2VGQAACAAJ ': Akụkọ ndụ nke onye mgbasa ozi Mass, Onye nkwalite, onye na-eme ihe ruuru obodo]* (1992). 

Spady bụ onye na-arụ ọrụ ogologo oge nke Marcus Garvey Memorial Foundation, òtù agụmakwụkwọ kwadoro na 1961 site n'aka onye ndụmọdụ ya, Thomas W. Harvey, bụ onye jere ozi dị ka onye na-anọchi anya Marcus Garvey dị ka President-General nke Universal Negro Improvement Association ( UNIA).  Na 1985, Spady bipụtara *[https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/002059894 Marcus Garvey, Africa, na Universal Negro Improvement Association]* .  Na 2011, o dere *[https://www.amazon.com/Marcus-Garvey-Reggae-African-Diaspora/dp/0984677100 Marcus Garvey, Jazz, Reggae, Hip Hop, na African Diaspora]* na kwadoro *[https://www.amazon.com/Perspectives-History-Marcus-African-Diaspora/dp/0984677119/ New Perspectives na History of Marcus Garvey, UNIA, na African Diaspora]* . 

Spady raara onwe ya nye ihe ka ukwuu n'ime afọ 35 ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya n'ịdekọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na omenala Hip Hop .    Ọ kwadoro akwụkwọ atọ nke mbụ gbasara Hip Hop, ya na *[https://books.google.com/books/about/Nation_conscious_rap.html?id=pDoUAQAAIAAJ Nation Conscious Rap]* (1991), *[https://books.google.com/books/about/Twisted_Tales.html?id=LWAiAQAAMAAJ Twisted Tales: In the Hip Hop Streets of Philly]* (1995), na *[https://books.google.com/books/about/Street_conscious_rap.html?id=meITAQAAIAAJ Street Conscious Rap]* (1999), n'ikpeazụ na-agbakwunye ụda nke anọ na *[https://books.google.com/books/about/Tha_Global_Cipha.html?id=cYPNAAAACAAJ The Global Cipha: Hip Hop Culture and Consciousness]* (2006).

## Ọrụ ahọpụtara

### Akwụkwọ

* *Ndị na-ede uri ojii dee na!* *: Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Black Philadelphian Poets* (1970)
* *Sterling A. Brown : A UMUM Tribute* (1976 na 1982)
* *Indigené: Anthology of Future Black Arts* (1978)
* *William L. Dawson : Ụtụ UMUM na njem dị ebube* (1981)
* *9 ruo Eluigwe na Ala: Ndị nka ojii* (1983)
* *[[Marcus Garvey]], Africa, na Universal Negro Improvement Association* (1985)
* *Larry Neal : Onye na-ede uri Black Philly tọhapụrụ ya na blu Streak of Mellow Wisdom* (1989)
* *National Conscious Rap* (1991)
* *Georgie Woods - 'Abụ m naanị nwoke!* *<nowiki/>': Akụkọ ndụ nke onye mgbasa ozi Mass, onye nkwalite, onye na-eme ihe ruuru obodo* (1992)
* *Akụkọ gbagọrọ agbagọ: N'okporo ụzọ Hip Hop nke Philly* (1995)
* *Okporo Amụma Rap* (1999)
* *360 Degreez nke Sonia Sanchez : Hip Hop, Akụkọ, Iqhawe na Oghere Ọha nke ịbụ* (2000)
* *The Global Cipha: Hip Hop Culture and Consciousness* (2006)
* *[[Marcus Garvey]], Jazz, Reggae, Hip Hop, na African Diaspora* (2011)
* *Echiche ọhụrụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke [[Marcus Garvey]], UNIA, na African Diaspora* (2011)

### Akwụkwọ akụkọ

* "Dr. William Leo Hansberry: The Legacy of an African Hunter," *Current Bibliography on African Affairs*, Vol. 3, No. 11-12 (1970), 25–40.
* "The Ancient Zimbabwe Empire," *Negro History Bulletin*, (1971),  33-34.
* "The Cultural Unity of Cheikh Anta Diop, 1948-1964," *Black Images: A Critical Quarterly on Black Arts and Culture*, I, III-IV (1972), pp.&nbsp;14–22.
* "Negritude, PanBanegritude, and the Diopian Philosophy of African History," *A Current Bibliography on African Affairs*, Vol. 5, No. 1 (1972), pp.&nbsp;11–29.
* "Memorial Services for Arna Bontemps," *CLA Journal*, Vol. 17, No. 1 (Sept. 1973), pp. 117-119.
* "The Afro-American Historical Society: The Nucleus of Black Bibliophilies, 1897-1913," *Negro History Bulletin,* Vol. 37, No. 4 (June/July, 1974), pp.&nbsp;254–257.
* "Major Richard R. Wright: Scholar and Activist," *Umoja: Southwestern Black Journal* (1975), pp. 11-17.
* "Sterling A. Brown Honored at UMUM Fete in Washington, D.C." *The Black Scholar,* Vol. 8, No. 5 (1977), pp.&nbsp;40–44.
* "Tri-Muse: The Historiography of Joel A. Rogers, Drusilla Dunjee Houston and William Leo Hansberry," in *Y'Bird*, Vol. I, No. 2 (1978), pp.&nbsp;98–116.
* "Indigene = Folkski Equations in the Black Arts," *The Black Scholar*, Vol. 10, No. 3/4 (Nov/Dec 1978), pp. 24-33.
* Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe: Portrait of a Pan African Giant," *Black Collegian*, Dec. 1980/Jan. 1981.
* "Surrealism and the Marvelous Black Plunge in Search of Yemanga and the Human Condition," *Cultural Correspondence*, 12-14 (Summer 1981), pp. 92-95.
* "Dr. W. Montague Cobb: Anatomist, Physician, Physical Anthropologist, Editor Emeritus of *The Journal of the National Medical Association*, and First Black President of NAACP," *Journal of the National Medical Association*, Vol. 76, No. 7 (1984), 739–744.
* "The Changing Perception of Cheikh Anta Diop and His Work," *Journal of African Civilizations*, Vol. 8, No. 1 (June 1986), pp.&nbsp;89–101.
* "Dr. Cheikh Anta Diop and The Background of Scholarship on Black Interest in Egyptology and Nile Valley Civilizations," *Présence Africaine*, No. 149/150, HOMMAGE à Cheikh Anta Diop (1er et 2e TRIMESTRES 1989), pp.&nbsp;292–312.
* "'IMA PUT MY THING DOWN': Afro-American Expressive Culture and the Hip Hop Community," *TYANABA: Revue de la Société d'Anthropologie,* Vol. 20, No. 2 (1993), 93-98.
* "Moving in Silence: Motion, Movement and Music in a Hip Hop Centered Cultural Universe," *Black Arts Quarterly*, Vol. 6, No. 3 (2002).
* "Jean Harvey Slappy's Philosophy and the Tradition of Marcus Garvey and Thomas W. Harvey" (with Giles R. Wright), *American Philosophical Association's Newsletter on Philosophy and the Black Experience*, Vol. 2, No. 2 (Spring 2003), pp. 57-60.
* "Dreams, Memories and X-Ray Stars in 2003: The Distinctive Role of DMX in the Poetics of African American Identity" (book review of: Smokey D. Fontaine and Earl Simmons, *E.A.R.L.: The Autobiography of DMX*) *American Philosophical Association's Newsletter on Philosophy and the Black Experience*, Vol. 2, No. 2 (Spring 2003), pp. 89-90.
* "The Hip Hop Nation as a Site of African-American Cultural and Historical Memory," *Drumvoices Revue*, Vol. 12, No. 1 & 2 (2004), pp. 154-168.
* "The Fluoroscope of Brooklyn Hip Hop: Talib Kweli in Conversation," *Callaloo*, Vol. 29, No. 3 (Summer 2006), pp. 993-1011.
* "Mapping and Re-Membering Hip Hop History, Hiphopography and African Diasporic History," in *Western Journal of Black Studies*, Vol. 37, No. 2 (Summer 2013), pp.&nbsp;126–157.

### Isi akwụkwọ

* "Dr. J.: The Interstellar Connector," na *Free Spirits: Annals of the Insurgent Imagination*, eds. Paul Buhle, Jayne Cortez, Philip Lamantia, Nancy Joyce Peters, Franklin Rosemont, Penelope Rosemont (San Francisco: Akwụkwọ ọkụ City, 1982).
* "Blackspace," na *Blacks in Science: Ancient and Modern*, ed. Ivan Van Sertima (New Brunswick, NJ: Akwụkwọ azụmahịa, 1983), p.&nbsp;258–265.
* "Drusilla Dunjee Houston: A Umum Commentary, A Search, and Personal Notes" na *ebube ndị Etiopia nke alaeze Cushite oge ochie*, nke Drusilla Dunjee Houston (Baltimore: Black Classic Press, 1985).
* "Gwendolyn Brooks na ụkpụrụ nke mmesapụ aka: Abalị na North Philly," na *Say That The River Turns: Mmetụta Gwendolyn Brooks*, ed. Haki Madhubuti (Chicago, IL: Mgbasa Ozi Ụwa nke Atọ, 1987), p. 70-71.
* "Marcus Mosiah Garvey: Nwoke nke Ọchịchị na Omume Mass," na *nnukwu ndị isi ojii: Ancient and Modern*, ed. Ivan Van Sertima (Edison, NJ: Akwụkwọ azụmahịa, 1988).
* "Elmer Samuel Imes: Onye ọsụ ụzọ Black Physicist," na *Blacks in Science: Ancient and Modern*, ed. Ivan Van Sertima (New Brunswick, NJ: Akwụkwọ azụmahịa, 1991).
* "Ahụhụ na-agbanwe agbanwe nke CA Diop na Ọrụ ya: Ọkachamara nke Mmụọ Sayensị," na *Great African Thinkers*, *Vol.* *1: Cheikh Anta Diop*, ed. Ivan Van Sertima (1992).

### Ndenye Encyclopedia

* "Robert Mara Adger," n'akwụkwọ *ọkọwa okwu nke American Negro Biography*, eds. Rayford W. Logan & Michael R. Winston (New York: WW Norton & Ụlọ ọrụ, 1982), p. 6-7.
* "William Carl Bolivar," n'akwụkwọ *ọkọwa okwu nke American Negro Biography*, eds. Rayford W. Logan & Michael R. Winston (New York: WW Norton & Ụlọ ọrụ, 1982), p. 50.
* "Leon Gardiner," n'akwụkwọ *ọkọwa okwu nke American Negro Biography*, eds. Rayford W. Logan & Michael R. Winston (New York: WW Norton & Ụlọ ọrụ, 1982), p. 251-252.
* "Richard Robert Wright, Sr.," na *Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nke American Negro Biography*, eds. Rayford W. Logan & Michael R. Winston (New York: WW Norton & Ụlọ ọrụ, 1982), p. 674-675.

## Ntụaka
traktị ndị ohu, akwụkwọ ozi, akwụkwọ ozi, ihe osise, ngwá egwú, ihe ndekọ, ihe odide ndị a na-ebipụtabeghị, akwụkwọ akụkọ, na ihe ndị ọzọ.”  Ọbá akwụkwọ ahụ bipụtara Akwụkwọ akụkọ Black History Museum UMUM malitere na Ọktoba 1971, bụ nke lekwasịrị anya na ntinye aka nke ndị Africa na Africa na akụkọ ntolite, sayensị, egwu, na akwụkwọ, ma gosipụta onyinye kaadịakwụkwọ ahụ bipụtara Akwụkwọ akụkọ Black History ihe ndekọ, ihe odide ndị a na-ebipụtabeghị, akwụkwọ akụkọ, na ihe ndị ọzọ.” Ọbá akwụkwọ ahụ bipụtara Akwụkwọ akụkọ Black History Museum UMUM malitere na Ọktoba 1971,ihe ndekọ, ihe odide ndị a na-ebipụtabeghị, akwụkwọ akụkọ, na ihe ndị ọzọ.”  Ọbá akwụkwọ ahụ bipụtara Akwụkwọ akụkọ Black History Museum UMUM malitere na Ọktoba 1971,