Deanna Petherbridge

**Deanna Petherbridge** CBE (11 Febụwarị 1939 - 8 Jenụwarị 2024) bụ onye South Africa na onye Britain na-ese ihe, ode akwụkwọ na onye nlekọta.  Omume Petherbridge gbadoro ụkwụ na eserese (nke bụ pen na ink eserese na mpempe akwụkwọ), n'agbanyeghị na o mekwara nnukwu eserese na emebere maka ihe nkiri.  Edemede ya na mpaghara nka na ihe owuwu metụtara oge a yana ihe akụkọ ihe mere eme, na n'afọ ndị ikpeazụ ọ lekwasịrị anya n'ide banyere eserese.  The Primacy of Drawing: History and Theories of Practice E bipụtara June 2010 na curated ngosi gụnyere ngwa ngwa na ndị nwụrụ anwụ: Artists and Anatomy, 1997, Witches and Wecked Bodies, 2013.  Mahadum nke Manchester (2 Disemba 2016 - 4 June 2017) so na monograph Deanna Petherbridge: Drawing and Dialogue, Circa Press, 2016.

## Ndụ na ọrụ
A mụrụ Petherbridge na Pretoria, South Africa na 11 Febụwarị 1939.  Ọ gara Pretoria High School for Girls wee nweta akara ugo mmụta na Fine Art na Mahadum nke Witwatersrand . Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ngalaba ahụ, ọ kwagara UK n'afọ 1960. N'afọ 1967, ọ nwetara ụlọ n'àgwàetiti Sikinos na-ekewa ọrụ studio ya ọtụtụ afọ n'etiti London na Gris na mgbe afọ 2003 gachara n'etiti Londres na Ịtali na studio na Umbria (2004-2015).

Mgbe afọ ndị mbụ dị ka onye na-ese ihe, na-emepụta ihe ọkpụkpụ dị nro na mgbe ụfọdụ na-eji ihe onyonyo mgbochi agha, Petherbridge tụgharịrị gaa na mkpịsị akwụkwọ monochromatic na ink dị ka onye isi ya na 1970s.  Ọmụmụ ihe nka na ụkpụrụ ụlọ Alakụba, ụlọ obodo na mgbidi akụkọ ihe mere eme nke emere n'oge njem mbụ na Europe, Maghreb na Middle East bụ ihe ndabere nke ihe ngosi mmalite nke eserese geometric;  maka eserese.  Ọrụ ya na-aga n'ihu na-eji ihe atụ ụkpụrụ ụlọ na-eme ihe na n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya ọ na-enwewanye mmasị na ntụgharị uche na ebe na ọdịdị ala.

Ihe nnọchianya nke agha bụ isiokwu nke 1980s gburugburu oge esemokwu Falkland. Ndị a aghọwo isi isiokwu maka nnukwu ihe osise nwere ọtụtụ akụkụ, dị ka mbibi nke Obodo Homs, 2016 (Tate, London; na ngosi na Walk through British Art: 60 Years).N'ememme ịse dị ka obere, ngwa ngwa na ngwa ngwa, Petherbridge rụpụtara ọrụ na ebe ndị ọzọ karịa ụlọ ọrụ ya ka ọ na-eme ebe obibi na Manchester City Art Gallery, UK (1982) Lalit Kala Akademi Studios Calcutta (British Council kwadoro) (1986)  , Mahadum Monash, Melbourne, Australia (2003), Beaconhouse National University, Lahore, Pakistan (2005) na National Art School, Sydney (2011).

Ọrụ nkuzi Petherbridge gụnyere nkuzi sessional na Architectural Association, London (1981-85), ngalaba Fine Art nke Mahadum Reading na Middlesex Polytechnic (1984-1987). A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Prọfesọ nke eserese na Royal College of Art (1995 -2001) ebe ọ malitere Centre for Drawing Research, mmemme doctoral mbụ na eserese na UK. Ọ bụ Arnolfini Prọfesọ nke eserese na Mahadum nke West nke England, Bristol (2002-2006) (a họpụtara Emeritus Prọfesor nke eserese n'afọ 2006) na Prọfesụ nke eserese Na Mahadum Lincoln (2007-2009). Ọ lekọtara ọtụtụ ụmụ akwụkwọ PhD ma nye nkuzi, nzukọ na akwụkwọ symposium na mba ụwa. Usoro nkuzi gbasaa na UK gụnyere: Contemporary Drawing: Exploring the Unknown, Tate Millbank (January-March 1997), usoro mgbasa ozi BBC Radio Three The Outline Around the Shadow (10-14 February 1997) na Drawing towards Enquiry na National Gallery London (February-Mach 2006) na njikọ ya na Camberwell College of Arts. O meela njem nkuzi dị ukwuu na mba ndị ọzọ, ụfọdụ n'okpuru nkwado nke British Council dịka ọmụmaatụ na India (1985-6 na 1987-8) na South East Asia (1994-95). E nweela njem nkuzi na Australia (1995, 2003, 2011, 2015), Pakistan (2005), USA (2010), Puerto Rico (2013).

Ọrụ ọha na eze ya gụnyere imepụta ihe na ejiji maka The Royal Ballet na mmekorita ya na onye na-eme ihe nkiri Ashley Page A Broken Set of Rules (1984) na Bloodlines (1990); na One by Nine (1987), onye na-ede ihe nkiri Jennifer Jackson, Sadler's Wells Royal Ballet .  Ọ bụ Kọmitii Nkọwa Ihe Ochie nke Imperial War Museum, London nyere ya ọrụ (1989).  O mekwara mgbidi na ala anọ maka mgbidi dị n'ihu Symphony Hall, International Conference Centre, Birmingham (1991).   

N'afọ 1991, Petherbridge haziri ihe ngosi njem nleta nke akụkọ ihe mere eme The Primacy of drawing: An Artist's View for National Touring, The South Bank Centre ma soro họrọ ihe ngosi ahụ, Materia Medica: A New Cabinet of Medicine and Art, The Wellcome Institute, London (1995-96).  Nke a sochiri The Quick and the Dead: Artists and Anatomy, (1997) National Touring for the Arts Council of England. Ihe ngosi a gara n'ihu na ihe ngosi gbasaa nke a kpọrọ Corps à vif. *Ahụ́ na-agba ọsọ *Art et anatomie, (1998) na Musée d'Art et d'Histoire, Geneva, nke ya na Claude Ritschard na Andrea Carlino jikọrọ aka. Witches and Wicked Bodies na Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art, Edinburgh, (2013) e dezigharịrị ya maka Prints and Drawings Gallery na British Museum (2014-2015) na Artists at Work, ya na Anita Viola Sganzerla, The Courtauld Drawings Gallery, London (2018). Petherbridge enyekwara ọtụtụ ihe ngosi nke drawers nke oge a gụnyere Drawing as Vital Practice, Pitzhanger Manor Gallery &amp;amp; House, London (2007) na Narratives of Arrival and Resolution: Abstract Works on Paper, Michael Richardson Contemporary Art, London (2013).

Petherbridge malitere inye aka na nyocha na isiokwu na Architectural Review na 1979 ma dee ọtụtụ ihe maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ọkachamara na akwụkwọ akụkọ kwa ụbọchị gụnyere Architects' Journal, Crafts Magazine, Building Design na Financial Times na 1980s, mgbe ọ na-agba kọlụm mgbe niile na Art Monthly na-ekwu maka ọrụ, nkwado na usoro mmekọrịta nke obodo nka anya na United Kingdom. O dere ọtụtụ edemede na isiakwụkwọ n'akwụkwọ ma n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya ebipụtala na akwụkwọ akụkọ agụmakwụkwọ n'ọtụtụ okwu nke oge a na akụkọ ihe mere eme na nka na ihe owuwu, na-elekwasị anya na eserese. Ọ bụ onye nyocha na Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles (2001- 2002).  O nwetakwara mkpakọrịta nyocha na Yale Center for British Art, New Haven (2007). 

Na 1996 a họpụtara ya onye ọchịagha nke Order of the British Empire (CBE) maka ọrụ ịse na nkuzi.  Enyere ya Fellowship nke Royal College of Art (FRCA) 1997, otu nsọpụrụ nke Royal Institute of British Architects (Hon. FRIBA) 1998 na Honorary Doctorate in Design (Hon DDes) Mahadum Kingston, London, 2001. Na 2019  A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye nkwanye ùgwù nke ụlọ ọrụ Warburg Institute, London.

Deanna Petherbridge nwụrụ n'ụlọ ya dị na London na 8 Jenụwarị 2024, mgbe ọ dị afọ 84. 

## Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ

* "Passionate and Dispassionate Patronage", "Four Commissions in Context" & "Exaggerations of a Public Order" na Peter Townsend (ed.), Art within Reach, London: Thames & Hudson, 1984.  
* *Iri na itoolu na iri asatọ na anọ: Ihe ngosi*, London: Camden Arts Centre, 1984.   ISBN&nbsp;
* Art for Architecture: A Handbook on Commissioning, Deanna Petherbridge (ed.), Norwich & London: HM Stationery Office, 1987.   ISBN&nbsp;
* The Primacy of Drawing: An Artist's View, London: South Bank Centre, 1991.   ISBN&nbsp;
* The Quick and the Dead: Artists and Anatomy, Deanna Petherbridge & Ludmilla Jordanova, London: The Southbank Centre na Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997.   ISBN&nbsp;

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]   ISBN&nbsp;
* "Na-ewu asụsụ nke Line", na John Flaxman 1755 - 1826: Master of the Purest Line, David Bindman (ed.), London: Sir John Soane Museum & Strang Collection, University College, 2003.   ISBN&nbsp;
* "In Touch and Out of Mind: The Psychodynamics of Obsessive Drawing" na Creativity, Madness and Civilisation, Richard Pine (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Press, 2007.   ISBN&nbsp;
* "Nailing the Liminal: The Difficulties of Defining Drawing" na Writing on Drawing: Essays on Drawing Practice and Research, S.W. Garner (ed.), Bristol: Intellect Books, 2008.   ISBN&nbsp;
* Primacy of Drawing: Histories and Theories of Practice, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2010.   ISBN&nbsp;
* Witches & Wicked Bodies, Edinburgh: National Galleries of Scotland na njikọ ya na British Museum, 2013 .      ISBN&nbsp;
* Deanna Petherbridge Drawing and Dialogue, Essays by Martin Clayton, Roger Malbert, Gill Perry, Angela Weight, London: Circa Publications, 2016.   ISBN&nbsp;
* *Ndị na-ese ihe na-arụ ọrụ*, Deanna Petherbridge & Anita Viola Sganzerla, eds. Ketty Gottardo na Rachel Sloan. London: The Courtauld Gallery, 2018.   ISBN&nbsp;

## Ihe ngosi ndị a họọrọ

* 'The Iron Siege of Pavia' Graphic Mural na Ihe osise ndị ọzọ, Whitechapel Art Gallery, London, 1975
* *Deanna Petherbridge*, Gallery K, Washington DC, 1977
* Hayward Annual '78, Hayward Gallery, London, 1978.
* *India: Ili na Ụlọ Nsọ*, Angela Flowers Gallery, London, 1980
* Art and the Sea, Third Eye Centre, Glasgow, na ebe ise UK tour, 1981-82
* Deanna Petherbridge Ihe osise 1968-1982, Manchester City Art Gallery na Warwick Arts Trust, 1982-1983
* Iri na itoolu na iri asatọ na anọ An Exhibition, Arkwright Arts Trust, Camden Arts Centre, London, 1984
* Ihe osise na echiche nke ihe owuwu: ihe osise, ihe osise، foto, ihe osisa, ihe nkiri, sinima na Europe na narị afọ nke iri na otu na nke iri abụọ, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, 1984
* Geometry of Rage Arnolfini, Bristol and Third Eye Centre, Glasgow, 1984.
* Ndị na-ese ihe megide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, Royal Festival Hall, London, 1985
* Deanna Petherbridge: Ụlọ nsọ na Tenements: Images of India, Fischer Fine Art, London na Museum & Art Gallery, Preston, 1987.
* Temples & Tenements, ihe ngosi njem nke British Council, ebe isii na India, 1987-88
* *Themata: Ihe osise ọhụrụ nke Deanna Petherbridge*, Fischer Fine Art, London na Rochdale Art Gallery 1990.
* Deanna Petherbridge Drawings (na njikọ ya na The Primacy of Drawing: An Artist's View) njem njem atọ UK, 1991-1992
* Drawing Allusions, ihe ngosi njem nke British Council, ebe anọ na South East Asia, 1994-95
* *N'ime Bankside*, South London Gallery na njikọ ya na Tate Gallery, London, 1996
* Mirror Mirror: Self-portraits site na Women Artists, National Portrait Gallery, London & tour, 2002
* Okpokoro LA: A View from the Acropolis, Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles, Jenụwarị 2002
* *Obodo Abụọ: Ihe Abụọ nke Oge A, Ihe osise nke Deanna Petherbridge*, Faculty of Art &amp;amp; Design, Mahadum Monash, Melbourne, 2003
* Petherbridge Alone na Soane, Pitzhanger Manor Gallery and House, Ealing, London 2007.
* Deanna Petherbridge Drawings, Whitworth Art Gallery, Mahadum Manchester, Manchester, 2016-2017. 
* *Deanna Petherbridge Ebe Mgbanwe na Mbibi*, Art Space Gallery, London, 2017
* Deanna Petherbridge Ihe osise na ngalaba nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, Art Space Gallery, London, 2022

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị
* "Iwona Blazwick na mkparịta ụka ya na Deanna Petherbridge" Jerwood Drawing Prize, Jerwood Space, London, 13 Septemba 2011
* "Deanna Petherbridge on Drawing" Katherine Tyrrell, MAKING A MARK, 1 December 2016.
* "Deanna Petherbridge" Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi nke Circa Press
* ''InteralIA MAGAZINE'' "On Drawing"
* "Holding the Line" RIBA Jíne Culture Pamela Buxton, Preview of Deanna Petherbridge Drawings at The Whitworth.
* "Petherbridge na ndị amoosu" Stance Podcast Ep. 15: Eziokwu Ndị Ọzọ - Ọkachamara?, Kamila Shamsie, Kaytranada