George Alder Blumer

**George Alder Blumer, M.D.** (May 25, 1857-1940) bụ dọkịta, onye nchịkwa ụlọ ọgwụ ndị isi mgbaka, na onye nchịkọta akụkọ akwụkwọ akụkọ. Ọ bụ onye ndu n'inye nlekọta ndị mmadụ maka ndị ọrịa ụlọ ọgwụ ndị isi mgbaka.

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Blumer na Sunderland, England. Nna ya bụ dọkịta dịka ụmụnne ya abụọ. Agụmakwụkwọ mbụ ya na England sochiri agụmakwụkwọ ya na Germany na France. N'afọ 1874, ọ banyere ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụike dị na Mahadum Edinburgh wee nọọ otu afọ tupu ọ kwaga United States. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum nke Pennsylvania School of Medicine Ọ wee gụsịa n'afọ 1879.

## Ọrụ

### Ọrụ Mbido
Mgbe ọ nọrọ otu afọ na Lankenau Medical Center na Wynnewood, Pennsylvania, ọ nwetara ọkwa onye enyemaka dọkịta na New York State Lunatic Asylum (nke a makwaara dị ka New York State Inebriate Asylum) dị na Utica, New York, n'okpuru nlekọta nke John P. Gray, MD, Dọkịta ndị isi mgbaka ama ama. Gray nwụrụ n'afọ 1886 ma Blumer ghọrọ onye nlekọta nke Utica.

### Mgbanwe na Utica
Blumer bidoro ọtụtụ mgbanwe na Utica. O wee wepụ ụdị ihe mgbochi niile nke ndị ọrịa, wee melite ọnọdụ ndụ maka ndị ọrịa, tinye ụmụ nwanyị nọọsụ na ngalaba ụmụ nwoke, ọ guzobere ọrụ na ntụrụndụ maka ndị ọrịa, ma nwee ihe ịga nke ọma na ngbanwe aha ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na Utica State Hospital.

### Esemokwu ya na New York State Commission on Lunacy
N'afọ 1890, Ndị omeiwu steeti New York guzobere Kọmitii Steeti na Lunacy ka onye nduzi bụrụ onye na-ahụ maka nlekọta nke ụlọ ọgwụ steeti nke ndị isi mgbaka. Kọmitii nke ndị otu abụọ na onye isi na-ahụ maka isi mgbaka malitere ịso ebubo nke ndị omeiwu mana ha zutere mmegide site n'aka ndị nlekọta ụlọ ọgwụ steeti bụ ndị, ruo mgbe ahụ, na-achịkwa ụlọ ọrụ ha. Ọ bụ ọgụ na-aga n'ihu n'etiti Commission na ndị nlekọta, Blumer wee rụọ ọrụ dị ike.

Mgbalị Blumer na Commission gụnyere mgbalị nke Commission iji weghara akwụkwọ nke ndị isi mgbaka na United States, *American Journal of Insanity*. Ọ bụ Amariah Brigham, onye nlekọta mbụ na Utica, guzobere ma dezie akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ nke ụlọ ọgwụ nwezi ya. Mkpebi ụlọ ikpe gara aga kwadoro na ọ bụ ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ nwe akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ. Blumer mere ndokwa maka American Medico-Psychological Association, ugbu a buzi American Psychiatric Association, ịzụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ ma bipụta ya dị ka Journal of the American Psychiatric Association, nke na-aga n'ihu taa. Dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke American Journal of Insanity, Blumer nwere mmetụta n'etiti ndị isi mgbaka. Ọ nọgidere bụrụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ emeritus nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ.

### Onye nlekọta n'ụlọ ọgwụ Butler
N'afọ 1899, ọ naara ọkwa onye nlekọta nke Ụlọ Ọgwụ Butler dị na Providence, Rhode Island ebe ọ nọgidere ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká n'afọ 1921. Blumer nọgidere na Providence ma mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká e wee kpọọ ya Superintendent Emeritus nke Butler.

## Onye isi ala na ndụ mgbe e mesịrị
A họpụtara Blumer ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche nke American Psychiatric Association site n'afọ 1903 wee ruo n'afọ 1904. Okwu onye isi ala ya lekwasịrị anya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ụlọ ọgwụ ndị isi mgbaka  nke steeti, eugenics, na ọrụ nke ndị na-akwaga mba ọzọ nke metụtara ọrụ ụlọ ọgwụ steeti.

Mgbe ọ nọ na Butler, Blumer sonyere n'ọtụtụ òtù obodo. Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Providence Athenaeum na Rhode Island, burukwa onye ntukwasi obi nke Rhode Island School of Design, onye isi oche of Rhode Island Historical Society, na Board of Visitors na Mahadum Brown, na onye nduzi nke State Mental Hygiene Society.

Blumer nwetara nzere nsọpụrụ na Mahadum Brown (L.H.D., 1905) na Hamilton College (L. H.D. 1921). A kpọrọ ya onye otu nsọpụrụ nke Phi Beta Kappa n'afọ 1921 site na Mahadum Brown.

## Ọnwụ
Ọ nwụrụ n'afọ 1940.

## Ọrụ
Blumer, George A. "A Case of Perverted Sexual Instinct (conträre Sexualempfindung)," *American Journal of Insanity* (1882): 22-35.

Blumer, George A. "Syphilis and Intemperance," *Mmekọrịta nke New York State Medical Association* (1891): 325-341.

Blumer, George A. "Music in its Relationship to the Mind," *American Journal of Insanity* (1891-1892): 350-364.

Blumer, George A. "A Half-Century of American Medico-Psychological Literature," Proceedings of the American Medico - Psychological Association (1895): 145-155.

Blumer, George A. "The Halliday Case", The Brooklyn Medical Journal (1895): 162-173.

Blumer, George A. "Notes E nwetara site na Clinical Lectures nke James Gregory, nke Edinburgh, na 1787," *Albany Medical Annals: A Journal of the Medical Society of the County of Albany* (1897): 356-360.

Blumer, George A. "Aspects Medical and Material of Industrial Employment for the Insane," Proceedings of the American Medico-Psychological Association (1897): 230-238.

Blumer, George A. "The Insane of the Antilles," *American Journal of Insanity* (1898-1899): 713-723.

Blumer, George A. "Feigned Insanity," *Albany Medical Annals: A Journal of the Medical Society of the County of Albany* (1899): 207-211.

Blumer, George A. "Nlekọta nke ndị isi mgbaka na Farm Dwellings," Proceedings of the American Medico-Psychological Association (1899): 326-336.

Blumer, George A. "Akwụkwọ ozi e nyere na mmeghe nke Pathological Laboratory nke Rhode Island Hospital, 10 Mee 1900," The Providence Medical Journal (1900): 83-85.

Blumer, George A. "The Yesterday and To-day of Mental Medicine," The Providence Medical Journal (1901): 101-111 na Transactions of the Rhode Island Medical Society (1902): 290-308.

Blumer, George A. "Presidential Address," *American Journal of Insanity* (1903): 1-18.

Blumer, George A. "Ọbịbịa nke Psychasthenia," Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease (1906): 336-353.

Blumer, George A. "Little Biographies and the Eponymic Diseases: Luther Vose Bell," *Albany Medical Annals: A Journal of the Medical Society of the County of Albany* (1908): 499-501.

## Edemsibịa

* American Psychiatric Association. *Otu narị afọ nke American Psychiatry*. New York: E bipụtara ya maka American Psychiatric Association site na Columbia University Press, 1944.
* Ụlọ Ọgwụ Butler. *Otu narị afọ nke Ụlọ Ọgwụ Butler, 1844-1944*. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] ""Midnight Clerks and Daily Drudges": Hospital Psychiatry in New York State, 1890-1905," *Journal of the History and Medicine and Allied Sciences* 47 (2) (1992): 130-152.
* Garraty, John A., na Mark C. Carnes, eds. American National Biography. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
* Hurd, Henry M. Nlekọta ụlọ ọrụ nke ndị isi mebiri na United States na Canada. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]

Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations