open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ụzọ Ide Ihe

The Write Channel bụ mmemme nkuzi maka ụmụaka, nke Mississippi ETV mepụtara na 1977 ma kesaa ya na PBS na ụlọ ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ site na Agency for Instructional Television. Ebumnuche nke mmemme ahụ bụ iji mee ka ụmụ akwụkwọ nwee ike ịkwalite nkà ide ihe ha.

The Write Channel bụ mmemme nkuzi maka ụmụaka, nke Mississippi ETV mepụtara na 1977 ma kesaa ya na PBS na ụlọ ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ site na Agency for Instructional Television. Ebumnuche nke mmemme ahụ bụ iji mee ka ụmụ akwụkwọ nwee ike ịkwalite nkà ide ihe ha.

## Nchịkọta
Usoro ahụ gbara gburugburu R. B. Bugg (nke Mark Hasslett kwuru), ahụhụ anthropomorphic bụ onye nta akụkọ telivishọn na-eto eto maka Channel 85, WORD-TV (ụlọ mpụga na ndụ n'ezie bụ ebe obibi nke Mississippi Public Broadcasting / MPB) n'obodo efu nke Egg City, Calistonia (nke n'ezie bu Jackson, Mississippi). N'agbanyeghị na ọ bụ onye nta akụkọ maka ngalaba akụkọ WORD, nkà edemede R. B. Bugg adịghị nkọ ebe ọ na-ede n'ụzọ dị mkpirikpi, ahịrịokwu na-agbagwoju anya.

Onye nduzi akụkọ ya, Red Green (enweghị njikọ na onye telivishọn Canada nke otu aha ahụ), bụ Beverly Todd, N'ime usoro ahụ, ọ na-egosi ya otu esi ejikọta ma melite ihe odide ya. Site n'ụzọ mmegharị, ndị na-ekiri na-ahụ aka na-ebugharị okwu, na-ejikọta okwu, ma na-eme mgbanwe kwesịrị ekwesị na mkpụrụedemede na akara edemede.

Ka e mesịrị na ihe ngosi ahụ, Bugg dere akụkọ ọzọ, ọ bụ naanị n'oge a ka o mere nke a na-enweghị enyemaka Green, na n'ụlọ ebe ọ bi. Ọ na-eme ka onye na-ekiri ya sikwuo ike ihe Green gosipụtara R. B. na mbụ, mana na-enweghị aka glove. Ka o sina dị, a ka na-emezi ihe na ihuenyo.

Ihe omume ọ bụla na-ejikarị Bugg na-ehi ụra n'ihu telivishọn, ka WORD na-eji akụkụ mbụ na nke ikpeazụ nke The Star-Spangled Banner, ukwe mba US.

## "Klọb"
Akụkụ ikpeazụ n'ihe omume ọ bụla na-abụkarị "The Club", *dee okwu* ya bụ Palabra jot, palabra jot - faux Latin maka ide okwu ("palabra" bụ Spanish maka "okwu"; na "jot" bụ otu okwu Bekee maka "ide").

Na "The Club", R. B. Bugg kpọrọ ndị na-ekiri ka ha dee akụkọ site na iji echiche ndị e nyere, ma zigara ha na ozi na Mississippi ETV. The Write Channel bụ otu n'ime mmemme ole na ole n'ụlọ akwụkwọ nke metụtara usoro nzipu ozi maka itinye aka na ndị na-ekiri.

## Ndepụta mmemme
 

* 1. Ojiji nke mkpụrụedemede "na,", oge
* 2. Adjectives, mkpụrụedemede ukwu, oge
* 3. "Na" na "ma," commas
* 4. "Olee mgbe," ebe" na "otú," mkpụrụedemede ukwu, commas
* 5. Adj. ahịrịokwu, akara ajụjụ, isi ihe mkparị
* 6. Okwu mbido, commas
* 7. Okwu mbido, commas
* 8. Ntụle
* 9. Njikọ ndị dị n'okpuru, isi okwu
* 10. Njikọ ndị dị n'okpuru, apostrophes
* 11. Okwu ndị na-adịghị agwụ agwụ, ahịrịokwu ndị na-ekere òkè, apostrophes
* 12. Ndị na-achọsi ike, ndị na-achọ isi ike
* 13. Usoro nke ahịrịokwu na ahịrịokwu
* 14. Akụkụ aha, isi okwu
* 15. Ntụle

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* TVOntario fan page: The Write Channel, gụnyere ntuziaka ihe omume.
Ebe A Na-ahụ Maka Ịgụ Nkwado Ezinụlọ

The Centre for Family Literacy bụ òtù na-enweghị uru na Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
The Centre for Family Literacy malitere na 1980 n'okpuru aha Prospects Adult Literary Association. N'afọ 1987, nzukọ ahụ nyere aka chọta ndị nhazi agụ na ide nke Alberta, otu nzukọ mmepe ọkachamara na mpaghara ahụ. Na mbido afọ 1990, nzukọ ahụ malitere ịnya ụgbọelu mmemme agụmakwụkwọ ezinụlọ na mgbakwunye na mmemme agụmakọta ndị okenye. N'afọ 2005, Edmonton Journal kọrọ na Centre for Family Literacy bụ onye natara Canada Post Literary Award "maka idu ndú obodo ya". N'afọ 2016, Centre for Family Literary mepụtara ngwa mkpanaka maka nghọta ụmụaka.

N'akụkọ ihe mere eme ya, Centre for Family Literacy eritewo uru site n'ọtụtụ ndị na-anakọta ego.

## Ọrụ na ọhụụ
Dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke nzukọ ahụ si kwuo, Centre for Family Literacy na-ekwu na ebumnuche ya bụ "iwulite, melite, ma melite ịgụ na ide na ezinụlọ na obodo. " Centre for Family Alfabrication na-akọwa ọhụụ ya dị ka "otu ụlọ ọrụ dị mma, nke nwere ike inye aka ma nwee ihe ịga nke ọma".

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ụlọ Ọrụ Maka Ịgụ Ihe Ezinụlọ
Ọnwa Akụkọ Mba

National Share-a-Story Month (NSSM) ịgụ ihe omume a na-eme kwa afọ na United Kingdom nke a na-eji akwalite ịgụ ụmụaka.

Ndị na-ahụ maka ọbá akwụkwọ, ụlọ akwụkwọ, ụlọ ọrụ akwụkwọ, ndị na-ede blọgụ na ndị nne na nna na-eji ya eme ihe dị ka ụzọ isi lekwasị anya n'ịkọ akụkọ n'ụzọ sara mbara. Òtù mpaghara nke Federation of Children's Book Groups na-emekarị ihe omume pụrụ iche iji mee emume ọnwa ahụ, dị ka nleta ndị edemede, ịgụ akwụkwọ na ihe omume ndị ọzọ.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
NSSM malitere dị ka  Izu Akụkọ Akụkọ Mba na 1974, echiche nke Pat Triggs, osote onye isi oche nke  Njikọ nke Otu Akwụkwọ Ụmụaka n'oge ahụ. N'afọ 1998, e kpebiri ịgbatị echiche ahụ ruo otu ọnwa ma ihe omume ahụ ghọrọ National Share-A-Story Month.

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Peeji National-Share-a-Story na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Federation of Children's Book Groups
Nnyocha Neale nke Ikike Ịgụ Ihe

Nke Neale Analysis of Reading Ability (NARA) bụ ngwá ọrụ iji nyochaa nghọta ọgụgụ na izi ezi ọgụgụ. Ọ bụ Marie D. Neale chepụtara ya.

## Ihe odide
Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka ụmụaka nke America na wiil: StoryBus

America's Children's Museum on Wheels: StoryBus bụ ebe mmuta nka ụmụaka na-agụ akwụkwọ na wiil nke na-eje n'ulọ  akwụkwọ na mmemmé obodo na Mpaghara Chicago. N'ulo nke dị n'ime Winnebago nke omimi ya ruru mita 37, ụgbọala ahụ na-akwado  ịgụ akwụkwọ maka ụmụ akwụkwọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara na nke na esote ntakara. N'ịbụ nke jupụtara na nchịkọta na-agba okirikiri nke ihe ngosi mmekọrịta aka, StoryBus na-ebu ụmụaka n'ime ụwa nke akụkọ na  atonari ụmụaka uto

dika The Little Red Hen, The Little Three Pigs na Goldilocks and the Three Bears.

, dị ka The Little Red Hen, The Three Little Pigs, na Goldilocks na Three Bears.

StoryBus nwere ebumnobi  pụrụ iche iji jeere ụmụaka na-enweta ego dị ala ozi bụ ndị na-adaghachi   azụ na mmepe nke nkà ịgụ ihe. StoryBus na-enyekwa ndị nkuzi usoro mmụta dabeere na nka iji mee ka ahụmịhe StoryBus sie ike na ụlọ ọrụ ọzụzụ pụrụ iche maka iji usoro mmụta ahụ.   &#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

Emere na 2000, StoryBus bụ ọrụ nke Dolores Kohl Education Foundation. Ndị ogbako 


Kohl McCormick Academy of Outstanding Educators nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ, na-eduzi ndị nkuzi n'ụlọ Akwụkwọ ndị sonyere, ma mepụta ihe ọmụmụ.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

## Njikọ mpụga

* StoryBus
* Ụlọ Ọrụ Mmụta Dolores Ko hl
Ịkọ nkọ n'okwu

Nkọwa okwu na-ezo aka n'usoro ịgụ ikpe onye na-amalite agụ amaghị ihe okwu bụ na ahịrịokwu, yabụ ha na-eche ihe okwu ahụ bụ ma gụọ ahịrịokwu fọdụrụ iji kwado ịkọwa ha.

## Ihe Nlereanya
N'ime ahịrịokwu ahụ, "Nkịta ọhịa ahụ wụliri nkịta ahụ". ma ọ bụrụ na onye na-agụ ya amaghị okwu ahụ bụ "ịwụli elu", mgbe ahụ ha nwere ike ịgụ ya dị ka "ịwụ". Mgbe ha gụsịrị ahịrịokwu fọdụrụnụ, ha nwere ike ịghọta na okwu ahụ bụ n'ezie oge gara aga nke "ịwụli elu".

## Ojiji
A tụwo aro ịkọ nkọ okwu dị ka usoro maka ịkụzi Ndị na-amụ asụsụ Bekee (ELL) nke na-akwalite eserese okwu.

## Ihe odide
Ụbọchị Akwụkwọ Ụwa (UK na Ireland)

**Ụbọchị Akwụkwọ Ụwa** bụ ihe omume ọrụ ebere a na-eme kwa afọ na United Kingdom na Ireland na Thursday mbụ na Machị. N'ụbọchị akwụkwọ ụwa, a na-enye nwatakịrị ọ bụla nọ na agụmakwụkwọ oge niile na UK na Republic of Ireland voucher iji mee ihe na akwụkwọ; emere emume ahụ na United Kingdom na 1998. 

Ihe omume a bụ ngosipụta mpaghara nke mbụ, World Book Day nke UNESCO haziri iji kwalite ọgụgụ, mbipụta, na ikike nwebisiinka, ma na-eme ya n'ọtụtụ ebe na 23 Eprel. Ndị na-ahazi ya na UK kwagara emume ahụ iji zere esemokwu na ezumike ụlọ akwụkwọ Ista na ụbọchị Saint George. Ndị na-ebipụta akwụkwọ na Ireland kpebiri iweta Ụbọchị Akwụkwọ Ụwa na Ireland ọtụtụ afọ ka e mesịrị. 

N'aka nke ọzọ, a na-eme ihe omume World Book Night nke ụlọ ọrụ ebere nwere onwe ya The Reading Agency haziri na 23 Eprel.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme

Ụdị United Kingdom nke World Book Day malitere na 1998, nke Praịm Minista Tony Blair malitere na Globe Theatre na London.   E nyere ọtụtụ nde ụmụ akwụkwọ nọ na UK akara akwụkwọ pụrụ iche nke £ 1 World Book Day nke a ga-agbapụta maka akwụkwọ ọ bụla na ụlọ ahịa akwụkwọ UK ọ bụla. &#x5B;**&#x5D;E bipụtakwara akwụkwọ akụkọ WBD nke e mepụtara n'ụzọ pụrụ iche nke ọnụahịa ya bụ £ 1. All World Book Day ebe a na-ere ya na akwụkwọ £ 1 bu akara ngosi pụrụ iche nke World Book Day iji nyere aka mee ka atụmatụ ahụ dị n'otu site na ụlọ ọrụ niile.

Kemgbe ahụ, World Book Day UK agbasoro usoro yiri nke ahụ, jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ na-eto kwa afọ iji gụnye atụmatụ ndị ọzọ, dị ka Spread The Word, Quick Reads Initiative na Books for Hospitals. Kwa afọ, ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụaka na-enweta World Book Day Token amụbaala.

N'afọ 2000, kama otu akwụkwọ akụkọ pụrụ iche nke £ 1, e bipụtara akwụkwọ anọ dị iche iche nke £1, na-ekpuchi afọ dị iche iche. Kemgbe ahụ, kwa afọ ahụla akwụkwọ ọhụrụ pụrụ iche nke £ 1 bipụtara.

N'afọ 2006, Ụbọchị Akwụkwọ Ụwa malitere nkwado ya na njikọ ya na Quick Reads maka ndị okenye na-agụ akwụkwọ.

N'afọ 2007, Ụbọchị Akwụkwọ Ụwa mere emume ncheta afọ 10 ya site na mbipụta nke akwụkwọ 10 £ 1/1.50. Kemgbe ahụ, nwatakịrị ọ bụla nọ na agụmakwụkwọ oge niile na UK na Ireland nwere ikike ịnata £ 1/1,50 € World Book day token kwa afọ. Ha nwere ike ịgbanwe akara WBD ha maka otu n'ime Akwụkwọ WBD e mepụtara n'ụzọ pụrụ iche ma ọ bụ ha nwere ike inweta £ 1 / € 1 site na akwụkwọ ọnụahịa zuru ezu ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ ọdịyo nke ọnụahịa £ 2.99 ma ọ bụ euro.

## Nchịkwa
Ụbọchị Akwụkwọ Ụwa bụ ọrụ ebere edebanyere aha. Ọ naghị enweta ego maka onwe ya mana ọ na-akwado Book Aid International na Readathon dị ka ọrụ ebere a họpụtara, na-agba ụlọ akwụkwọ ume ka ha nwee ihe omume nchịkọta ego pụrụ iche maka ụmụaka na-enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma karịa onwe ha. Gọọmentị Britain anaghị akwado World Book Day ọ bụ ezie na ihe Quick Reads na-enweta nkwado site na ACE, DIUS na NIACE. Ego maka ọrụ World Book Day na-abịa n'ụzọ bụ isi site na onye isi na-akwado, National Book Tokens na UK book trade (ndị na-ebipụta akwụkwọ na ndị na-ere akwụkwọ).

## Ihe odide


## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị
Carefree (ịdị ọcha nke ụmụ nwanyị)

Carefree bụ ụdị  pantiliner nke America (ọ bụ ezie na aha mbụ bụ nke tampons) sitere na Johnson &amp;amp; Johnson. Na US, McNeil-PPC na-ere akara Carefree n'oge gara aga ma Edgewell Personal Care na-ere ya ugbu a (ya na ụdị ịdị ọcha ụmụ nwanyị US ndị ọzọ sitere na Johnson & Johnson).
thumb|Ịdị ọcha nke ụmụ nwanyị

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
E webatara uwe elu "nlekọta" na 1976 (akara ahịa edebanyere aha na Mee 27, 1976) ma site na njedebe nke afọ 70 weghaara ihe karịrị ọkara nke ahịa. A kwalitere ya dị ka ihe ngwọta zuru oke maka "nwaanyị yi uwe ọhụrụ" (akara "N'ihi na nwanyị yi uwe ọhụrụ") maka iji ya eme ihe kwa ụbọchị.

N'afọ 1997, nlekota nwere òkè ahịa 10% na ahịa nchebe ịdị ọcha nke USA.

N'afọ 2001, a malitere uwe ojii Carefree Black.

N'afọ 2008, Nlekọta wepụtara usoro Ultra Protection ya nke a kwụsịrị n'oge ụfọdụ n'afọ 2012.

.na afo 2012 ndi onyonyo nke carefree acti- fresh pantyliner no na New Zeeland na Australia, kporo okwu but vagina. As soon as the ad appeared, the advertising standards bureau received nine complaints 

## Ngwaahịa
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|250x250px|Owu mpeteri na-enweghị nchegbu
Usoro ngwaahịa nlekọta nwere ihe ndị a:

* ACTI-FRESHTM
* Nke mbụ
* Thong
* Ultra Nchebe

## Ihe odide
Ihe mere Johnny Na-apụghị Ịgụ Ihe

Ihe mere Johnny Onweghị ike Ịgụ - Na Ihe Ị Pụrụ Ime Banyere Ya bụ akwụkwọ ogologo oge nke 1955 banyere agụmakwụkwọ ọgụgụ America nke Rudolf Flesch. Ọ bụ akwụkwọ kacha ere ahịa ozugbo ruo izu 37 wee ghọọ ihe mmụta a ma ama.[1]N'akwụkwọ a, onye edemede ahụ kwubiri na usoro okwu dum (look-say) adịghị irè n'ihi na ọ nweghị ọzụzụ phonics. Na mgbakwunye, Flesch katọrọ akụkọ ndị dị mfe na ederede na okwu dị mkpirikpi na ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ Dick na Jane nke kụziiri ụmụ akwụkwọ ịgụ site na iburu okwu n'isi. Flesch kwekwaara na usoro anya na-ekwu okwu adịghị akwadebe ụmụ akwụkwọ n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị ịgụ ihe ndị dị mgbagwoju anya na ọkwa dị elu.

## Hụkwa

* Onye na-agụ ya
* Akwụkwọ nkuzi nke mbụ
* Ịgba Anyị N'Anya
* Agụmakwụkwọ ịgụ na United States#Akụkọ ihe mere eme
* *Ihe mere Johnny Na-apụghị Ịgbakwunye*

## Ihe odide

## Akwụkwọ
 

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ
Thorbjørn Egners lesebøker

***Thorbjørn Egner lesebøker*** (English: Thorbjorn Egner's Readers) bụ usoro nke ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ iri na isii maka ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị nke onye edemede Norwegian bụ Thorbjør n'Egner dere. Egner nọrọ afọ iri abụọ na ise na&#x2D;-ignore="true" typeof="mw:Entity">--ignore="true" typeof="mw:Entity">- ọrụ na usoro ahụ - nke nwere akwụkwọ ndị a chịkọtara yana akụkọ na ihe osise nke ya - e bipụtara ha na 1950-1972.     Ebumnuche akwụkwọ ndị ahụ bụ maka ụmụaka dị afọ 8&#x2D;, nke n'oge ahụ kwekọrọ na klaasị 2nd-9th. Otu n'ime ihe odide ndị a na-ahụkarị bụ nwata nwoke Ola-Ola, onye tolitere n'ugbo dị n'ime ime obodo Norway, mana o mechara kwaga n'obodo ahụ ma mee ka ọ mara ndụ ọhụrụ. Akụkọ ndị ọzọ mere n'ala ndị dị anya, na-echetara gburugburu ebe obibi na Egner's celebrity When the Robbers Came to Cardamom Town. E nwekwara nhọrọ nke abụ na uri n'etiti akụkọ ndị ahụ.

Akwụkwọ ndị ahụ weghaara ọrụ ndị na-agụ Nordahl Rolfsen nwere ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ na usoro agụmakwụkwọ Norwegian. E bipụtara akwụkwọ Rolfsen na 1892&#x2D;, ọ bụkwa ọrụ a ma ama kemgbe ahụ, mana malite na 1950s, akwụkwọ Egner weghaara ọnọdụ a. Egner n'onwe ya weere usoro ahụ dị ka *magnum opus* nke ọrụ ya anakọtara. Otú ọ dị, n'afọ 1972, afọ e bipụtara akwụkwọ ikpeazụ n'usoro ahụ -ignore="true" typeof="mw:Entity">- a gbanwere usoro agụmakwụkwọ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị Norwegian.     Atụmatụ ọhụrụ ahụ hapụrụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu iji ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ na usoro mmụta. N'ihi ya, a sụgharịrị akwụkwọ ọgụgụ Egner ka ọ bụrụ ihe mgbe ochie dị ka ngwá ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ. Akwụkwọ ndị ahụ ka bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ihe nketa ọdịbendị Norwegian, a na-ewere ha dị ka akwụkwọ ụmụaka, a na'oge na-adịbeghị anya, e bipụtaghachikwara ụfọdụ n'ime ha.

## Ihe odide

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ
 

* 
*
Ogologo anya

Ogologo anya bụ anya gafee akụkụ nke ederede, na-emekari ederede asụsụ nke a na-edepụtaghachi site na ógè ụlọ n'ime Obi ma ọ bụ eke nkpu mkpọrọ mkpọrọ, ebé ọ bụla dị ka anya dị ka nchekwa na nzuzu na-etiti nwoke mma ihe nke mmụta izu amata nke abụọ na aka (s) na-ede ma ọ bụ na-eme ya. N'ụzọ doro anya, a na-atụkarị anya anya site na ebe etiti anya, ma gbatịa n'etiti mkpụrụedemede ma ọ bụ kọntaktị a na-ede ma ọ dị ugbu a, na ebe dị n'akụkụ nke idozi n'otu oge. Enwere ike ịlele anya a ma ọ bụ na nkeji nke akara ma ọ bụ n'ihe odide ma ọ bụ "bit" ndị ọzọ nke data. Ụfọdụ ndị na-ede akwụkwọ na-ezo aka n'ogologo anya dị ka "ogologo nghọta" maka ozi anya a na-ahụ anya gburugburu mpaghara nke etiti ọhụụ eji agụ, na n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ gụnyere ntinye dịpụrụ adịpụ. Ogologo anya na aka yiri oghere anya na olu n'ịgụ asụsụ n'olu dara ụda na n'ịbụ abụ.

## Hụkwa

* Ịgagharị anya n'ịgụ asụsụ
* Ịgagharị anya n'ịgụ egwu
* Njikọ aka na anya

## Edensibia
Nnukwu Ihe Ndị A Na-agụ

The Big Read bụ nyocha banyere akwụkwọ BBC mere na United Kingdom na 2003, ebe ihe karịrị ụzọ atọ n'ụzọ anọ nke otu nde vootu natara site n'aka ọha na eze Britain iji chọta akwụkwọ akụkọ kachasị amasị mba ahụ. Nnyocha ahụ were otu afọ bụ ule kachasị ukwuu nke ọgụgụ ọha na eze ruo ugbu a, ma mechie na ọtụtụ mmemme nke ndị ama ama kwadoro, na-akwado akwụkwọ kachasị amasị ha.

BBC malitere Big Read na ebumnuche nke ịchọta "Nation's Best-loved Novel" site na ntuli aka ndị na-ekiri site na Weebụ, SMS, na ekwentị. Ihe ngosi ahụ dọtara esemokwu maka ịnakwere usoro a na-ekwu na ọ na-akpali akpali n'akwụkwọ, mana ndị na-akwado ya toro ya maka ịkwalite mmata ọha na eze banyere ịgụ akwụkwọ. Ndị Britain na-atụ vootu na mbụ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ọ bụla ha chọrọ. Site na nke a, e depụtara ndepụta nke 200, ebe 21 kachasị elu wee wepụta maka ịtụ vootu ọzọ, na ndokwa na naanị otu akwụkwọ maka onye edemede ọ bụla ka enyere ikike na top 21. Dị ka ntuli aka ahụ dabere na akwụkwọ akụkọ, ihe nkiri William Shakespeare abụghị akụkụ nke nyocha ahụ.

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ 200 kachasị elu na United Kingdom
 

## Ndị edemede nwere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ na ndepụta

; Ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ na Top 50

N'oge mbụ, akwụkwọ akụkọ Harry Potter anọ niile dị ugbu a nke J. K. Rowling so na ndị isi iri abụọ na ise. Otú ahụ ka akwụkwọ akụkọ Middle-earth nke J. R. R. Tolkien dere. Nzọụkwụ nke abụọ gosipụtara akwụkwọ 21 site n'aka ndị edemede dị iche iche: top 25 na Rowling na-anọchite anya naanị mpịakọta nke anọ ya, Goblet of Fire, na Tolkien naanị site na The Lord of the Rings. Akwụkwọ akụkọ abụọ ahụ mechara bụrụ nke ise na nke mbụ; ndị ndú ndị ọzọ nke Rowling na Tolkien na-ebute ndị ọzọ na-aga n'ihu na-agagharị na ọkwa 22-25.

; Ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ na Top 100

* Anọ: J. K. Rowling
* Atọ: Jane Austen, Charles Dickens
* Abụọ: Thomas Hardy, George Orwell, J. R. R. Tolkien

; Ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ na Top 200

* Iri na ise: Terry Pratchett
* Iri na anọ: Jacqueline Wilson
* itoolu: Roald Dahl
* asaa: Charles Dickens
* Anọ: Thomas Hardy, J. K. Rowling
* Atọ: Jane Austen, Anthony Horowitz, Stephen King, John Steinbeck
* Abụọ: George Eliot, John Irving, Gabriel García Márquez, George Orwell, J. R. R. Tolkien, Leo Tolstoy

; Ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ na Top 25

* Iri na ise: Terry Pratchett
* Iri na anọ: Jacqueline Wilson
* itoolu: Roald Dahl
* asaa: Charles Dickens
* Anọ: Thomas Hardy, J. K. Rowling
* Atọ: Jane Austen, Anthony Horowitz, Stephen King, John Steinbeck
* Abụọ: George Eliot, John Irving, Gabriel García Márquez, George Orwell, J. R. R. Tolkien, Leo Tolstoy

## Egwuregwu ndị yiri ya
E mere asọmpi ndị yiri Big Read na mba ndị ọzọ:

* Akwụkwọ M hụrụ n'anya n'Australia
*  na Germany
* A  ("The Big Book") na Hungary
* Голямото четене ("The Big Read") na Bulgaria
* *Liela* Las Sila ("The Big Read") na Latvia
* Nnukwu Ihe Ndị America Na-agụ

Ndepụta ndị ọzọ:

* Akwụkwọ 100 nke narị afọ nke ' Monde


## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ BBC Big Read
Alison Croggon

**Alison Croggon** (amụrụ n'afọ 1962) bụ onye Australia na-ede uri, onye na-ede egwuregwu, Onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ, na onye na-agụ akwụkwọ.

## Ndụ na ọrụ
A mụrụ ya na Transvaal, South Africa, ezinụlọ Alison Croggon kwagara England tupu ha ebi na Australia, nke mbụ na Ballarat mgbe ahụ Melbourne. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ maka *Sydney Morning Herald* . Mpịakọta mbụ nke uri ya, *Nke a bụ Nkume*, meriri Anne Elder Award na Mary Gilmore Prize. E toro akwụkwọ akụkọ ya bụ Navigatio nke ukwuu na 1995 The Australian/Vogel Literary Award . E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ anọ nke usoro fantasy *Pellinor*. O guzobekwara ma dezie magazin ederede n'ịntanetị Masthead ma na-ede nkatọ *Isi* nkiri.

Croggon edeela libretti maka ihe nkiri Michael Smetanin bụ Gauguin: A Synthetic Life na The *Burrow*, nke gosipụtara na 2000 Melbourne Festival na Perth Festival, nke ChamberMade mepụtara. N'afọ 2014, Iain Grandage (onye na-ede egwu) na Croggon (onye na na-ede akwụkwọ) jikọrọ aka gosipụta The Riders, dabere na akwụkwọ akụkọ Tim Winton The Riders . Emere ya n'ụwa niile na Melbourne.

Smetanin, Christine McCombe, Margaret Legge-Wilkinson, na Andrée Greenwell etinyela uri ndị ọzọ nke Croggon. Egwuregwu ya emeela site na Melbourne Festival, The Red Shed Company (Adelaide) na ABC Radio.

Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2023, ọ bụ onye nchịkọta nka na The Saturday Paper .

Ọ bi na Melbourne, Australia ugbu a na di ya Daniel Keene na ụmụ atọ.

## Onyinye na nhọpụta

* 2009 Pascall Prize for Critical Writing maka blọọgụ ya Theatre Notes
* 2023 e depụtara maka NSW Premier's Translation Prize maka Duino Elegies

## Ọrụ

### Abụ uri

* 
* 
* 
* ihe e wepụtara
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

### Ihe ncheta

* Anụ ndị mmụọ ọjọọ: Nkọwa. Onye edemede. 2021.   ISBN&nbsp;

### Akwụkwọ akụkọ

* 

### Akwụkwọ akụkọ fantasy

#### Akwụkwọ Pellinor

*  (nke e bipụtara na US dị ka The Naming (Candlewick Press, ISBN )  
* 
* 
* 
*  (Akụkọ Cadvan: Prequel to the Books of Pellinor) 

#### Onye nọ n'otu

* 
* 

### Libretti

* (1995) The *Burrow*,   
* (2000) *Gauguin (ndụ aka mere) * 
* (2014) *Ndị Na-agba Ịnyịnya*

### Egwuregwu

* Nkwurịta okwu maka Apocalypse (2000) 
* Blue (2001) 
* *Onye M hụrụ n'anya* (2019) 

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị 
* Ihe nkiri Ihe nkiri Weblog
* Ihe ndekọ nke uri na Poetry Archive 
* Ajụjụ ọnụ
* Alison CroggonnaEbe nchekwa data nke akụkọ ifo n'ịntanetị

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ụlọ Ọrụ Molteno maka Asụsụ na Ịgụ na Ịgụ Ihe

The **Molteno Institute for Language and Literacy (MILL) **, nke a maara n'oge gara aga dị ka Molteno Project, bụ Òtù ọrụ ebere nke na-akwado mmemme ịgụ na ide na nyocha gafee Africa, site na isi ụlọ ọrụ ya na Johannesburg.

E guzobere ya na 1974, nke Molteno Brothers Trust kwadoro nke o si nweta aha ya. Ọ malitere dị ka Molteno Project, nnukwu ọrụ nyocha na nsogbu na ụmụ akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ na-enweta agụmakwụkwọ Bekee, nke dabeere na Mahadum Rhodes. Ntuziaka nyocha ahụ gụnyere itinye ihe asụsụ nne na nkuzi agụmakwụkwọ maka ụmụaka. Mgbe a kwadoro nkwubi okwu a site na nsonaazụ dị mma, a gbasaa ọrụ ahụ gafee kọntinent ahụ ma mee ka ọ daba n'asụsụ 52 nke Afrịka.

N'afọ 2008, ọ kụziiri ihe karịrị nde mmadụ iri na-amụ ihe n'ofe kọntinent Afrịka ịgụ na ide, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ndị na-enye agụmakwụkwọ kachasị ukwuu n'Afrịka.

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị
Ịgụ Ihe Ndị Dị Iche

SMART Reading bụ mmemme nkuzi ụmụaka na-enweghị uru, nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo na-eduzi na Oregon maka ndị na-agụ K-3 nọ n'ihe ize ndụ. Ọ bụ Neil Goldschmidt na ụlọ ọrụ iwu Ater Wynne Hewitt Dodson & Skerritt, LLP mepụtara SMART na 1992. Ọ tolitere site n'ijere ụmụaka 585 ozi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ 8 na mbido ya iji jeere ụmụaka 7,244 ozi na saịtị 204 na 2009, na saịtị 223 na 2011. Ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2011, mmefu ego kwa afọ nke nzukọ ahụ bụ $ 2.7 nde.&nbsp;

Echiche mmemme ahụ na-agụnye nwa akwụkwọ ọ bụla na-enweta nlebara anya otu ugboro n'izu maka nkeji iri atọ ka ha na-agụrụ onye ọrụ afọ ofufo iji nyere aka mee ka obi sie ha ike na ikike ịgụ ihe ha. Tụkwasị na nke a, ụmụ akwụkwọ na-ewere akwụkwọ abụọ n'ụlọ kwa ọnwa n'ime ọnwa asaa mmemme ahụ na-agba kwa afọ (n'etiti Ọktoba ruo n'etiti Mee), iji mee ka ihe ọgụgụ dịkwuo n'ụlọ.

Ọganihu nke mmemme ahụ na-akwado site na nyocha afọ abụọ nke e mere na Eugene Research Institute nke na-egosi na ụmụ akwụkwọ SMART na-eme nke ọma karịa ụmụ akwụkwọ yiri ya na njirimara okwu na nghọta okwu site na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọkara ntụgharị ọkọlọtọ.

SMART na-ezube iso ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị nwere pasent dị elu nke ụmụaka si n'ezinụlọ na-enweta ego dị ala. Ajụjụ ọnụ ndị ọrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ, nkwado obodo, na ozi sitere na Ngalaba Mmụta nke Oregon na-emetụtakwa nhọrọ ụlọ akwụkwọ.

N'afọ 2010, SMART sonyere na Pepsi's Refresh Challenge ma na-agba ọsọ maka ihe nrite $ 250,000.

## Hụkwa

* Mmụta nkwụghachi ụgwọ

## Ihe odide
Tebụl ụda mbụ

**Tebụl ụda mbụ** bụ tebụl, ndepụta ma ọ bụ chaatị nke na-egosi mkpụrụedemede ụda mbụ nke okwu na foto ya (okwu ndị e sere na foto). Tebụl ụda mbụ nwere ike inyere ụmụ akwụkwọ aka ịmata ụda mbụ na inweta ọgụgụ na ide ihe mbụ. N'afọ 1658, John Amos Comenius mepụtara tebụl ụda mbụ na Orbis Pictus (akwụkwọ foto e mere maka ụmụaka).

*Aha ndị ọzọ:* ndepụta ụda mbụ, chaatị ụda mbụ, mkpụrụedemede ụda mbụ, eserese mkpụrụedemede, eserese eserese mkpụrụ edemede

## Edemede ịgụ
Na mba ndị na-asụ German, ahụmịhe asụsụ na-adabere na ederede ụmụaka nke akụkọ ndị na-agụnye mkpụrụ okwu e chepụtara echepụta (dịka site n'enyemaka nke "tebụl ụda mbụ" na-ese okwu ndị na-amalite na ụda ụfọdụ). Onye nkuzi Switzerland bụ Jürgen Reichen (agụmakwụkwọ na-aga n'ihu) guzobere usoro "ide ederede iji gụọ" a n'afọ 1982. &nbsp;Usoro a jikọtara ihe abụọ dị mkpa maka "phonics" (nke a na-ejikọta ya na "ntụziaka kpọmkwem", nkuzi nzọụkwụ, wdg). Dabere na usoro a, a ga-agba ụmụaka ume "ide okwu ka ha na-akpọpụta ha" site n'enyemaka nke "ndepụta ụda mbụ" nke okwu ndị e sere ese.Ịmepụta okwu n'ụzọ a kwesiri inyere ha aka ịghọta mmekọrịta dị n'etiti asụsụ a na-asụ na nke a na-ede.

0Johann Amos Comenius agbakwunyere na 1658 otu tebụl ụda mbụ na ya bụ "Okporobi sensualium pictus". 

## Ngwunye ụda mbụ
Enwere sọftụwia maka ụmụaka nke nwere ahụigodo ụda mmalite ọtụtụ mgbasa ozi maka ntinye ederede (ahụigodo mebere). Ọtụtụ ahụigodo ngwaike maka ụmụaka nwekwara foto ụda mbụ na igodo ya.Site na ihe mmado ụda mbụ na ahụigodo kọmpụta ọkọlọtọ ị nwere ike ịmepụta ahụigodo ụda mbụ nke gị.appOl

## Ihe atụ ụda mbụ
Enwere ụda mbụ, ụda etiti na ụda ikpeazụ .

## Hụkwa

* Mmụta asụsụ
* Phonics, PhoneticsEgwú
* Ịmata ụdaolu
* Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ izi ihe mbụ
* Ịgụ na ide
* Gio-Key-Board (nchọpụta okwu n'efu na keyboard ụda mbụ) 

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ

* Fabian Bross (2016): Tebụl Ụda Mbụ - Ngọzi ma ọ bụ nkọcha maka Ịmụta Ịgụ na Ide? Na: *Kritische Ausgabe. * *Zeitschrift für Germanistik & Literatur*, 30, peeji nke 108-117.&nbsp;
* Günther Thomé, Dorothea Thomé (2016): http://www.isb-oldenburg.de/materialien.html *Deutsche Wörter nach Laut- und Schrifteinheiten gegliedert*, Oldenburg: isb-Verlag.

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ihe omume mkpụrụedemede - (Learning Planet) 
* UNED.es/manesvirtual/Historia/Comenius/OPictus/Pictus003.jpg" id="mwASQ" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Tebụl ụda mbụ sitere na Comenius (Orbis Pictus, 1658)  - (UNED)
Deborah Brandt

**Deborah L. Brandt** (amụrụ n'afọ 1951) bụ prọfesọ emerita nke Bekee na Mahadum Wisconsin-Madison.

## Agụmakwụkwọ na onyinye
Brandt nwetara B.A. ya na Mahadum Rutgers na 1974 na Ph.D. ya na Indiana University Bloomington na 1983, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Mahadim Wisconsin-Madison ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na 2010. Ọ bụ ezie na o bipụtara ihe karịrị iri abụọ na abụọ isiokwu na isiakwụkwọ akwụkwọ, a maara ya maka ịgụ na ide na American Lives, nke o ritere ihe nrite atọ: Modern Language Association's Mina P. Shaughnessy Prize (2002), Grawemeyer Award (2003), na Conference on College Composition and Communication's Outstanding Book Award (2003). Ihe odide ya bụ Literacy as Involvement: The Acts of Writers, Readers, and Texts (Southern Illinois UP, 1990) meriri 1992 David H. Russell Award for Distinguished Research site na National Council of Teachers of English.

E nyere Brandt fellowships abụọ, otu na American Council of Learned Societies na 1986 na nke ọzọ na National Research Council na 1998, nke ọ bụ onye nkuzi nleta na United States Department of Education. Brandt bụ onye mmeri nke 2017 nke Conference for College Composition and Communication (CCCC) Exemplar Award.

## Nnyocha e lekwasịrị anya
Nnyocha Brandt na-elekwasị anya na ọnọdụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke ịgụ na ide na mmụta ịgụ na ide; na nnukwu ike nhazi nke na-akpụzi ohere ndị mmadụ nwere ịgụ na ide.

Na Literacy in American Lives Brandt "na-akọwa etu ọgbọ ndị America si nwee ezi uche ma merie nrụgide na-arịwanye elu iji melite ikike ha ịgụ na ide. " Site n'inyocha akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọtụtụ narị ndị America si n'ụdị ndụ niile, Brandt na-edekọ mmetụta nke mgbanwe akụ na ụba, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nwere na nnweta na ojiji, site na 1900 ruo taa. N'ihe odide a, ọ na-ebute echiche nke "Ndị na-akwado ịgụ na ide,"; ọ na-ede, sị: "Ndị na na-akwado, dịka m na-eche banyere ha, bụ ndị ọrụ ọ bụla, mpaghara ma ọ bụ ndị dị anya, ndị doro anya ma ọ bụ ihe omimi, ndị na-enyere, na-akwado ma ọ bụ na-akụzi, yana iwebata, na-achịkwa, na-egbochi, ma ọ bụ gbochie ịgụ na ide - ma na-enweta uru site na ya n'ụzọ ụfọdụ. " Site n'echiche nke nkwado, Brandt na-ekwu maka nlebara anya na ikike nke mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ibe ya iji gbochie ya iji nye ya ohere iji gbochie ụfọdụ iji nye ya.

## Ọrụ ọha na eze
The John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation na-ekwu na "mmetụta nke ọrụ ya adịla karịa ókèala nke Mahadum Wisconsin campus".

Brandt rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-eme nchọpụta na National Research Center on English Learning and Achievement (1996-2002), onye ndụmọdụ maka National Assessment of Adult Literacy (2005-07), yana National Writing Project. Mgbalị ọ na-eme iji kwado ikpe ziri ezi na ohere agụmakwụkwọ na Madison, obodo Wisconsin ka NAACP's W.E.B. DuBois Advocate Award (2001) na nhọpụta abụọ site na Madison Urban League maka Martin Luther King Humanitarian Award nke obodo ahụ maka ọrụ ya na ụmụ akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ etiti Madison.

## Ihe odide

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Akwụkwọ Ndị Na-eto

**Akwụkwọ Ndị Na-eto** bụ ikpo okwu agụmakwụkwọ n'ịntanetị nke na-enye akwụkwọ dijitalụ nke na-adaba na ikike ndị na-agụ ya. N'iji usoro nchịkwa mmụta, mmadụ abụọ na-agụ otu aha ahụ nwere ike ịhụ okwu dị iche iche, usoro echiche, ma ọ bụ ihe osise, dabere na njirimara mmụta ha. Ngwa ahụ na-elekwasị anya kpọmkwem na mkpa nke ndị na-eto eto, ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma na ndị okenye na-amaghị akwụkwọ, ndị na-ebipụta akwụkwọ na-ejighị ozi. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwere isi na New York City.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Akwụkwọ Ndị na-eto eto bụ Daniel Fountenberry, onye bụbu onye nkuzi na onye isi akụkọ na 2012. A maara ọrụ ahụ na mbụ dị ka Borne Digital ma malite ya n'ihu ọha na Febụwarị 14, 2013 na Tools for Change in Publishing Conference Ndị ọzọ guzobere gụnyere Jason Buhle, onye ọkà mmụta akwara. A malitere mkpọsa Kickstarter na Jenụwarị, 2014, iji mee ka ego maka Akwụkwọ Ndị Na-eto.

## Nnakwere

### Ịzụlite ya
Kemgbe a malitere ngwaahịa ahụ na Mee nke afọ 2014, ihe karịrị ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị nkuzi 1,000 ejirila akwụkwọ ndị na-eto eto mee ihe n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ 30.

### Onyinye
Maka mgbalị ya n'ịmepụta usoro agụmakwụkwọ dị n'ịntanetị, ndị otu International Society for Technology in Education kpọrọ Books That Grow 'Most Innovative Start Up' na 2017 ma nata 2014 Verizon Powerful Answers Award in Education yana 2014 National School Board Association's Innovation Showcase.

### Ntụle
Na Febụwarị 11, 2014, *EdTech Digest* gosipụtara Books That Grow na "Cool Tools", na-ekwu, sị: "Ọ na-eme ihe dị egwu n'ụwa na-ebipụta akwụkwọ ma ugbu a ọ na-amalite ịbanye na klas gafee mba ahụ. "Akụkọ ahụ kwuru kpọmkwem na Books That Grows na Kickstarter na mkpuchi na MSNBC na CNN."Akụkụ kachasị mma banyere Akwụkwọ Ndị Ga-eto bụ na enwere ike ịgụ akwụkwọ ọ bụla na ọkwa 3-5 dị iche iche nke mgbagwoju anya ederede. Ndị nkuzi nwere ike ịmata ọdịiche dị n'etiti ntụziaka site n'ikwe ka ha nye otu ọgụgụ ahụ na klas nke ụmụ akwụkwọ nwere ikike ngwakọta, ka ha na-ekwe ka ụmụ akwụkwọ ndị a mụta na ọkwa nke ha, ma nwee mmeri na-aga n'ihu na nkà ọgụgụ ha. "

## Hụkwa

* Inye ego n'ìgwè
* Ịgụ na ide

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Akwụkwọ Ndị Na-etolite Facebook
* Akwụkwọ Ndị Na-etolite LinkedIn
Digital Archive of Literacy Narratives

**Digital Archive of Literacy Narratives** (DALN) bụ ebe nchekwa ọha na eze n'ịntanetị nke akụkọ gbasara ịgụ na ide. DALN na-anakọta akụkọ dịgasị iche iche na usoro na ụdị ihe osise iji tinye usoro nyocha onwe onye ọdịnala na nke na-abụghị nke omenala dịka edemede vidiyo, eserese na akụkọ edere ede. N'afọ 2005, Cynthia Selfe, H. Lewis Ulman, na Scott DeWitt na Mahadum steeti Ohio malitere mmepe nke DALN na ebumnuche nke ịmepụta na ichekwa nchịkọta dịgasị iche iche na nke dị mfe nke akụkọ onwe onye. &nbsp;Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ ndị na-eleta saịtị ahụ sitere na United States, DALN emeela ka ndị na-ege ntị n'ụwa niile, na ka ọ na-erule 2021, e nwere ihe karịrị 8,000 ntinye si mba isii n'ime kọntinent asaa.

## Mmalite
Ebumnuche mbụ nke DALN, dị ka ndị mepụtara ya kwuru, bụ ịmepụta nchịkọta akụkọ agụmakwụkwọ dị mfe maka ebumnuche nke nyocha agụmakwụkwọ. Site na mmalite na nyocha edemede, ndị mepụtara ya gbalịrị ijide mmepe nke akụkọ, iji maa nkọwa ndị a ma ama nke ịgụ na ide aka, ma mepụta ụzọ dị ike maka ndị na-arụkọ ọrụ, ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ na ndị nchọpụta iji kwurịta okwu. N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, etinyere DALN n'ọrụ na ọmụmụ ihe ederede, na ebumnuche nke ịkwalite ịgụ na ide site na nyocha onwe onye.

## Ihe odide


## Njikọ mpụga

* Digital Archive of Literacy Narratives
Nnukwu ọgụgụ (Bulgaria)

The Big Read (Bulgarian Голямото четене, trans. *Golyamoto Chetene*) bụ nyocha nke ụlọ ọrụ Televishọn Mba Bulgaria malitere, ebumnuche ya bụ ịchọta akwụkwọ kachasị amasị ndị Bulgaria. Dabere na mkpọsa BBC nke afọ 2003, *Golyamoto Chetene* malitere n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2008 wee gwụ na 25 Machị afọ 2009 site na ọkwa nke onye mmeri. Na mbido, ọha na eze Bulgaria họpụtara akwụkwọ ọ bụla ha chọrọ. Dabere na vootu ndị ahụ, e depụtara ndepụta nke akwụkwọ 100 kachasị elu. E weputara akwụkwọ iri na abụọ bu ụzọ na ndepụta ahụ maka ịtụ vootu ọzọ, nke ga-ekpebi onye mmeri.

## Iri na Abụọ Kasị Elu

## Ndị mmeri site na mba

## Ihe odide na ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị nke "Big Read - Bulgaria"
Ịgụ na Ịgụ Ihe n'Ime

okwukwe na-akọwa ikike mmadụ nwere ịmara Okpukpe na okwukwe ndị ọzọ karịa nke mmadụ kwenyere na ya.

## Nkà ihe ọmụma
Onye nwere okwukwe na-aghọta mmetụta dị mkpa nke okpukpe / usoro nkwenye ọ bụla site na ụkpụrụ, àgwà na mmetụta ọ na-akpata n'ime ndị mmadụ, ezinụlọ na obodo. Ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ n'okwukwe kwenyere n'ịghọta echiche okpukpe na nke ụwa n'omume na echiche ma jide ihe na-eme ka okpukpe / nkwenkwe ọ bụla bụrụ ihe ọ bụ. IT na-agụnye nghọta na ịmara ihe bụ isi nke okpukpe niile.

## Ihe a na-eme ugbu a
Na United Kingdom, e nwere ụlọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ndụmọdụ na-enye ọzụzụ nghọta okpukpe maka ngalaba ọha na eze na nke onwe. Ọbụna gọọmentị na-etinye aka na mmemme nke ịgụ na ide nke okwukwe na ngalaba ọha na eze. Ebumnuche nke a bụ ịkwalite ọtụtụ nhazi n'etiti ihe ndị ọzọ. Ebumnuche nke ịgụ na ide nke okwukwe bụkwa iji mee ka ọ dịrị mfe ịgafe ọkwa arụ ọrụ nke mkparịta ụka.World Bank na mbipụta ya nke afọ 2007 gosipụtara mkpa ọ dị iwulite ụkpụrụ na usoro maka ịgụ na ide nke okwukwe n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ mmepe Isiokwu nke ịgụ na ide n'okwukwe dị n'etiti arụmụka, ihe ịma aka, atụmatụ na omume nke okwukwe n"etiti ọha na eze.

## Nnakwere
Tony Blair, onye bụbu praịm minista Britain, kwukwara n'ajụjụ ọnụ na ọ na-agụ kor'an na Bible kwa ụbọchị ebe ọ bụ na ọ dị oke mkpa ịbụ onye nwere okwukwe na ụwa ụwa dị ka nke anyị. Na Uganda, Bishọp nke Kigezi gbakwara ndị nkwado gọọmentị ume ka ha bụrụ ndị 'gụrụ akwụkwọ n'okwukwe'. N'ịghọta mkpa echiche a dị, Kansụl Nnyocha Akụnụba na Ọha na UK malitere akwụkwọ nyocha afọ atọ na ịgụ na ide nke okwukwe.

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Òtù Okpukpe Na-arụsi Ọrụ Ike
Onye ọ bụla na-akụzi otu

"Onye ọ bụla na-akụzi" bụ ilu ndị Africa na America. Ọtụtụ òtù anabatala ya dị ka ụkpụrụ nduzi.

## Mmalite
Okwu a malitere na United States n'oge Ịgba ohu, mgbe a jụrụ Ndị Afrịka agụmakwụkwọ, gụnyere ịmụta ịgụ akwụkwọ. Ọtụtụ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị ọtụtụ ndị ohu nọ n'ọnọdụ amaghị ihe ọ bụla karịa ọnọdụ ha dị ugbu a nke dị n'okpuru nchịkwa nke ndị nwe ya, ndị omeiwu na ndị ọchịchị. Mgbe onye ohu mụtara ma ọ bụ kụziere ya ịgụ ihe, ọ ghọrọ ọrụ ha ịkụziri onye ọzọ, na-emepụta ahịrịokwu "Onye ọ bụla na-akụzi".

### Afrịka
Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nọ na Robben Island, South Africa e jidere n'oge ịkpa ókè agbụrụ (1948-1991) amaghị akwụkwọ. A na-enyocha akwụkwọ ozi ha nke ukwuu na ihe ndị a na-agụ bụ ole na ole. Ndị mkpọrọ jiri okwu ahụ, "onye ọ bụla, kụziere otu" dị ka mkpu agha iji hụ na onye ọ bụla nọ n'òtù ahụ gụrụ akwụkwọ.

A na-eji ahịrịokwu ahụ eme ihe dị ka okwu mmeghe na mkpọsa ịgụ na ide na Naịjirịa.

### Eshia
Na ọkara mbụ nke narị afọ nke 20, a na-etinye ahịrịokwu ahụ n'ọrụ nke [onye ozi ala ọzọ nke Ndị Kraịst], Dr. Frank Laubach, onye jiri echiche ahụ nyere aka dozie ịda ogbenye na amaghị akwụkwọ na Philippines. Ọtụtụ akwụkwọ kwuru na Dr. Laubach mepụtara okwu ahụ, mana ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ kwenyere na o jiri ya mee ihe iji kwalite ihe kpatara ịkwụsị amaghị akwụkwọ n'ụwa.

### Europe
Okwu a bụ okwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Communist Party of Great Britain (Marxist-Leninist).   &#x5B;**&#x5D;

### Ebe Ugwu America
Okwu a abụrụla nke Delancey Street Foundation, otu na-enweghị uru nke dị na San Francisco nke na-enye ọrụ mmezigharị ebe obibi na ọzụzụ ọrụ maka ndị nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke iji ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe ma ọ bụ ikpe mpụ. Nzukọ ahụ na-etinye ụkpụrụ "onye ọ bụla, kụziere otu" site n'ime ka onye ahịa ọ bụla rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye nduzi nye ndị ahịa na-esote na ọmụmụ agụmakwụkwọ na azụmaahịa dịgasị iche site na masonry ruo na nri.

### N'akụkọ ifo
Na akwụkwọ akụkọ 1996 Push nke Sapphire na ihe nkiri 2009 nke dabeere na ya, Precious, a na-eji okwu ahụ eme ihe dị ka aha ụlọ akwụkwọ ọzọ nke onye isi na-aga mgbe a kpọpụrụ ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha.

### N'ihe na-abụghị akụkọ ifo
Onye ọ bụla na-akụzi otu e ji mee ihe dị ka aha nke akwụkwọ ncheta site n'aka onye na-enweghị ebe obibi Ronald Casanova. N'ịbụ nke Curbstone Press bipụtara na 1996 ma kpọọ Up and Out of Poverty, Memoirs of a Street Activist, akwụkwọ ahụ na-akọ akụkọ ndụ Casanova dị ka nwa mgbei na New York City, ntorobịa ya n'usoro ụlọ mkpọrọ, na ihe ịga nke ọma dị ka onye ọrụ nke National Union of the Homeless, ebe ọ na-eme mkpọsa maka ụlọ na-enweta ego dị ala na enyemaka ka ukwuu nke gọọmentị etiti na mpaghara maka ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi na ndị squatters. Northwestern University Press kwupụtara mwepụta nke akụkọ ihe mere eme a haziri maka 2023.

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* NOAA.gov/management/pdfs/Day10_H8_Eachoneteachone.pdf" id="mwig" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"Onye ọ bụla na-akụzi" Ọrụ nkuzi site na NOAA
Ụlọ Ị Ga-agụ

Room to Read bụ òtù zuru ụwa ọnụ na-enweghị uru nke nwere isi na San Francisco, California. Nzukọ ahụ na-elekwasị anya n'ịrụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na obodo ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ, òtù ndị mmekọ na gọọmentị iji melite ịgụ na ide na Ịha nhata nwoke na nwanyị na agụmakwụkwọ.

Room to Read eruola nde ụmụaka iri abụọ na atọ ma rụọ ọrụ na mba iri abụọ.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Ọ bụ John Wood, Erin Keown Ganju na Dinesh Shrestha guzobere ma malite Room to Read na 1999 mgbe Wood gara ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na Nepal. Ọ hụrụ ịnụ ọkụ n'obi nke ndị nkuzi na ụmụ akwụkwọ na enweghị ihe onwunwe, nke mere ka ọ kwụsị ọrụ ya ma wuo otu zuru ụwa ọnụ iji mepụta mmemme na-adịgide adịgide nke na-enyere aka idozi nsogbu agụmakwụkwọ ha.

Wood na Shrestha sooro obodo ndị dị n'ime ime obodo rụọ ọrụ iji wuo ụlọ akwụkwọ a na-akpọ School Room ma guzobe ọbá akwụkwọ a na'akpọ Reading Room. Ha mechara gbasaa karịa ọbá akwụkwọ, iji malite mmemme agụmakwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị na 2000, nke na-elekwasị anya na ụmụ agbọghọ ma na-enye mkpebi ogologo oge maka agụmakwụkwọ ha.

N'afọ 2001, Ganju malitere Room to Read na Vietnam. Kemgbe ahụ, ọrụ Room to Read agbasaala ịgụnye mba 20. 

## Ihe omume
Room to Read's Literacy Program na-akwado mmepe agụmakwụkwọ maka ụmụ akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị. Nzukọ ahụ na ndị edemede na ndị na-ese ihe osise na-arụkọ ọrụ iji mepụta ma kesaa akwụkwọ ụmụaka. O webatara usoro mmụta n'ịntanetị a na-akpọ Literacy Cloud n'oge ọrịa COVID-19.

Site na mmemme agụmakwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị, Room to Read na-akwado ụmụ agbọghọ na ihe onwunwe, ntụziaka na usoro mmụta nke na-enyere ha aka imeri ihe ịma aka na agụmakwụkwọ.

## Mmetụta
Kemgbe e bidoro ya n'afọ 2000, Room to Read eruola nde ụmụaka iri atọ na abụọ n'obodo ndị a na-ejighị ozi n'ụwa niile:

* Ụlọ akwụkwọ 49,000 dị na mba 29 eritewo uru site na mmemme Room to Read.
* E kesara ihe dị ka nde akwụkwọ ụmụaka iri atọ na anọ, gụnyere ihe karịrị 4,777 mbụ na nke a kwadoro aha akwụkwọ Room to Read
* E nyochachara akwụkwọ nde 3.5.
* A zụrụ ndị nkuzi 200,000 na ndị na-ahụ maka ọbá akwụkwọ n'ịgụ na ịgụ ihe na ịgụ ihe kacha mma
* Ihe karịrị ụmụ agbọghọ nde 2.8 na-akwado Room to Read's Girls' Education Program; 95% nke ụmụ agbọghọ ndị nọgidere na mmemme ahụ gara n'ihu na klas ọzọ.
* Ihe karịrị nde ụmụ agbọghọ atọ eritewo uru site na mmemme agụmakwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị kemgbe mmalite nke ọrịa COVID-19.

## Onyinye na mmata

* Skoll Foundation: Onyinye maka Ọchụnta ego (2004-2013) 
* Academy for Educational Development: Ọganihu Echiche na Mmụta (2007) 
* Fast Company / Monitor Group: Social Capitalist Award (2004-2008) 
* Charity Navigator: 14 kpakpando anọ (2005-2017, 2019) 
* American Library Association: Presidential Citation (2008) 
* UNESCO Confucius Prize for Literacy: 2011
* Ngalaba Mmụta nke Cambodia: Royal Medal of Munisaraphorn Mahasereaywat (2013) 
* Ihe nrite ụmụaka nke ụwa, Onye mmeri nke onyinye nsọpụrụ (2014) 
* American University School of International Service: Ten Innovative NGO in Education (2014) 
* Library of Congress Literacy Award: Special Response Award (2020); David M. Rubenstein Prize (2014) 

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe a ga-agụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ
Rowland Reading Foundation

**Rowland Reading Foundation** bụ òtù na-enweghị uru nke dị na Wisconsin" id="mwBg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Middleton, Wisconsin">Middleton, Wisconsin. N'ịbụ nke Pleasant Rowland guzobere na 2004, ọ na-akwalite Rowland Reading Program, gụnyere Superkids Reading Program na Happily Ever After, mmemme njikere ịgụ akwụkwọ.

N'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2010, Ntọala ahụ malitere mkpọsa mgbasa ozi iji gbaa ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze Wisconsin ume ịnakwere mmemme ọgụgụ Superkids.

N'afọ 2015, Foundation mara ọkwa na onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ bụ Zaner-Bloser zụrụ Superkids Reading Program.

## Ihe odide
Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-agụ Ihe

Ụlọ ọrụ na-agụ akwụkwọ bụ ọrụ ebere edebanyere aha na England na Wales nke na-akwalite uru nke ịgụ akwụkwọ n'etiti ụmụaka na ndị okenye na UK, na-arụ ọrụ na ndị mmekọ gụnyere ọbá akwụkwọ ọha, kọleji na ụlọ mkpọrọ.

## Ọrụ
, Sue Wilkinson jere ozi dị ka onye isi oche. Ụlọ ọrụ na-agụ akwụkwọ sitere na ụlọ ọrụ Society of Authors na Holborn, London ma kọwaa ọrụ ya dị ka "igbochi nnukwu ihe ịma aka nke ndụ site na ike a nwapụtara nke ịgụ akwụkwọ" dị ka nkà ndụ na mmụta, ahụike na ọdịmma na ikewapụ onwe ya na owu ọmụma.

Ihe omume ya bụ isi maka ụmụaka bụ Summer Reading Challenge, nke malitere na 1999. A na-eji ọbá akwụkwọ ọha na eze eme ihe ịma aka ọgụgụ oge okpomọkụ ma na-agba ụmụaka ume ịgụ akwụkwọ isii n'oge ezumike oge okpompe ụlọ akwụkwọ. Ụlọ ọrụ na-agụ akwụkwọ na-ejikwa ìgwè ụmụaka na-agụ Chatterbooks n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na ọbá akwụkwọ gafee UK.

Ụlọ ọrụ na-agụ akwụkwọ nwere ọtụtụ mmemme maka ndị okenye. Ọ na-arụkọ ọrụ na ndị edemede na ndị na-ebipụta akwụkwọ a ma ama iji mepụta akwụkwọ dị mkpirikpi a na-akpọ Quick Reads nke a na-ere n'ụlọ ahịa akwụkwọ ma jiri ya mee ihe n'ọbá akwụkwọ, ụlọ mkpọrọ, ụlọ ọgwụ, kọleji na òtù mmụta ndị okenye. A na-etinye Quick Reads na mmemme agụmakwụkwọ ndị okenye nke nzukọ ahụ, Reading Ahead, nke na-agba ọsọ n'ọbá akwụkwọ ọha na eze, ụlọ mkpọrọ, òtù mmụta ndị okenye, kọleji, òtù ọrụ na ebe ọrụ gafee UK.

Ụlọ ọrụ na-agụ akwụkwọ na-agba World Book Night, emume agụmakwụkwọ mba na-eme kwa afọ na 23 Eprel. N'afọ 2018, pasent 97 nke òtù ndị sonyere kwuru na ahụmịhe ha nke isonye na World Book Night dị ka nke magburu onwe ya ma ọ bụ nke ọma.

Ụlọ ọrụ na-agụ akwụkwọ na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na ọbá akwụkwọ ọha na eze. A na-enye ya Reading Well Books on Prescription scheme na mmekorita ya na Libraries Connected ma dị na ọbá akwụkwọ ọha na eze gafee England na Wales.

N'afọ 2018, Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-agụ Ihe malitere Reading Friends, mmemme nke Big Lottery Fund kwadoro. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ bụ ịlụso owu ọmụma na iche iche ọgụ site na ịmalite mkparịta ụka site na ịgụ ihe. Ụlọ ọrụ na-agụ akwụkwọ na-arụ ọrụ na ọtụtụ ndị mmekọ gafee UK iji mepụta ma nwalee ụzọ ndị a ga-esi gbasaa n'ọtụtụ ebe.

Na mgbakwunye, Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-agụ Ihe na-akwado ihe karịrị ìgwè ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ 4,000 na-enye ha ndụmọdụ na nkwado ma na-etinye ha na ihe nrite akwụkwọ.

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị 
*
Society for the Scientific Study of Reading

Ronald P. Carver guzobere **Society for the Scientific Study of Reading** na 1993. Ebumnuche nke SSSR bụ ịkwalite ọmụmụ sayensị nke ịgụ na ịgbasa ozi gbasara ịgụ na mpaghara ndị metụtara ya dịka asụsụ na ịgụ na ide. Ndị otu ahụ na-akwado nzukọ na akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ a na-enyocha, Scientific Studies of Reading.

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị
European Conference on Information Literacy

Nzukọ Europe na Ozi na Ịgụ na Ịgụ Ihe (ECIL) bụ nzukọ a na-eme ugboro abụọ n'afọ na mba dị iche iche gburugburu Europe. Tupu afọ 2020 nke a bụ ihe omume a na-eme kwa afọ. Isi okwu bụ ịgụ na ide nke ozi (IL), ịgụ na ide na mgbasa ozi (ML), na mmụta ndụ (LL). E mere nzukọ mbụ na Istanbul, Turkey na 2013. Ngalaba nke Ozi na Sayensị Nkwurịta Okwu nke Mahadum Zagreb na Ngalaba Nchịkwa Ozi nke Mahadum Hacettepe na-akwado ECIL. Nzukọ ahụ nwekwara nkwado na nkwado UNESCO na IFLA. N'afọ 2016, ECIL gbakwunyere onye nhazi ọhụrụ, Information Literacy Association (InLitAs).

A maara ya maka ngosi ya dị elu, okwu ndị dị mkpa, na ogbako na-enye nghọta bara uru banyere nyocha na ihe ọhụrụ na IL, ML, na LL. Springer na-ebipụta akwụkwọ ndị na-aga n'ihu. Nzukọ ahụ na-enyekwa ohere maka ndị sonyere na ndị ọrụ ibe ya, na-agbanwerịta echiche, ma na-enyocha mmekọrịta nwere ike.

N'afọ 2016, Jesús Lau, dere na ECIL na-akwalite nyocha na omume IL n'ụwa niile. Nnyocha dị obere nke ndị sonyere na nnọkọ ahụ mere, na 2014, aghọwo Academic Reading Format International Study (ARFIS) , mmekọrịta na-aga n'ihu na-emetụta ndị nchọpụta na ihe karịrị mba 30 na kọntinent anọ. Ihe akaebe na-egosi na ECIL emeela ka mmụba nke akwụkwọ gbasara IL. N'afọ 2016, Sirje Virkus nyochara akwụkwọ IL na Web of Science. Virkus gosipụtara na ihe dị ka mmụba 24% na mbipụta IL na 2013 sitere na ECIL mbụ.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Nzukọ Europe na Information Literacy (ma ọ bụ ECIL) bụ Sonja Špiranec na Mahadum Zagreb na Serap Kurbanoğlu si na Ngalaba Nchịkwa Ozi nke Mahadum Hacettepe haziri. Špiranec na Kurbanoğlu zutere n'afọ 2008, mgbe onye ọ bụla n'ime ha kwadoro ogbako *Ọzụzụ-ndị na-enye ọzụzụ na agụmakwụkwọ* ozi (TTT) nke UNESCO kwadoro. N'ime afọ ole na ole sochirinụ, Špiranec na Kurbanoğlu zutere ọtụtụ ugboro. Na Septemba nke afọ 2011 mgbe ha na-ekere òkè na [European Union Erasmus Intensive Program (IP)](https://esdp-network.net/intensive-programme-general-information#:~:text=The%20Intensive%20Programme%20(IP)%20is,(4%20to%206%20ECTS).) ha kpebiri ịmepụta nzukọ mba ụwa maka ịgụ na ide, nke a ga-eme na Europe, yana akụkụ nyocha siri ike. 

Ebumnuche nke nzukọ a bụ ijikọ ndị nchọpụta, ndị ọkachamara na ozi, ndị were mmadụ n'ọrụ, ndị ọkachamara mgbasa ozi, ndị nkụzi, ndị na-eme iwu na ndị ọzọ niile metụtara ya site na gburugburu ụwa, ndị na'agbanwerịta ihe ọmụma na ahụmịhe ma kwurịta ihe ndị na-adịbeghị anya na ihe ịma aka dị ugbu a na ndị metụtara IL. Ebumnuche ECIL bụ ịnye nzukọ kwa afọ maka ndị nwere mmasị na IL iji kesaa ozi gbasara nyocha na omume ha.

## Nzukọ

## Ihe odide
Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Ndị Ntorobịa na Ndị Ntorọ

Akwụkwọ ili nke Adolescent & Adult Literacy bụ akwụkwọ njikọ nke ndị ọgbọra ugboro isii kwa afọ nke Wiley-Blackwell .  Ndị editọ ugbu a bụ Kathleen A. Hinchman ( Mahadum Syracuse ) na Kelly Chandler-Olcott ( Mahadum Syracuse ).  Akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ahụ bụ otu n'ime akwụkwọ atọ atọ e n'aha International Literacy Association .  Akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ahụ na-ekpuchi "echiche bara uru, klaas nwalere na nyọcha na tiori."  [1] Akwụkwọ akwụkwọ nke Adolescent & Adult Literacy n'okpuru Journal of Developmental Reading na 1957, mana a na-enye aha ya na Journal of Reading (ISSN 0022-4103) na 1964 asụsụ na Mpụtakọta 8. A akwụkwọ aha ahụ ọzọ  na 1995 ka ọ bụrụ aha dị ugbu a.

Dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ Citation Reports si kwuo, akwụkwọ ozi ahụ nwere ike ike 2011 nke 0.728, na-enye ya 102nd n'ime akwụkwọ 203 na ụdị "Nchọpụta ike & mkpuchi Ihe".

## Ntụaka
John Anderson (onye ọkà ihe ọmụma)

.John Anderson (1 Nọvemba 1893 - 6 Julaị 1962) bụ onye ọkà ihe ndị Scotland onye, ​​n'ọkwa Challis Prọfesọ nke Philosophy na Mahadum Sydney site na 1927 ruo 1958. Isi ntọala akara ngosi ihe omimi mara dị ka Australian realism .

Nkwalite Anderson nke ' freethought ' na isiokwu niile, ihe-achọ ọkụ na omume, bụ ike ma weta ya na dị mgbe niile na Senate August nke mahadum.  Otú ọ dị, a na-ekwu na ọ bụ nọmba otu ụgbọ nke ndị na-eche echiche na ndị na-akwado 'Andersonian' a ma ama-ụka n'ime ha nyere aka tinye Sydney n'ihu na alụ ọgụ ' nke  1950 na 1960.

## Ndụ mbido