open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Berta languages

**Asụsụ Berta**, ma ọ bụ Asụsụ **Funj**, nke ndi Igbo na-ewere dị ka olumba nke otu asụsụ, bụ Gebeto (Berta n'onwe ya), Fadashi, na Undu. Ha bụ ma ọ bụ obere ezinụlọ (ma ọ bụ asụsụ dị iche) nke ha, ma ọ bụ alaka bụ isi nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Nilo-Saharan.

Berta nwere ụdị usoro usoro okwu isiokwu-ngwaa-ihe. Ọ bụ asụsụ tonal. O metụtala ụfọdụ asụsụ Jebel ọwụwa anyanwụ. Aha Arabic "Beni-Shangul" (dị ka ọ dị na mpaghara Etiopia nke Benishangul-Gumuz) na-enweta site na okwu Berta (ya na bele "nkume / nkume" na-ezighị ezi dị ka Arabic beni "ụmụ").

## Ụdị dị iche iche
Bremer (2016) nyochara ụdị Berta 6 ndị a, na-enye ha ndepụta okwu. Ozi gbasara ala sitere na Bremer (2016:2-3). Ewezuga Metehara, a na-asụ ụdị Berta niile a nyochara na mpaghara Benishangul-Gumuz nke Etiopia. Enwere obere data maka ụdị Berta a na-asụ na Sudan.

* A na-asụ **Maiyu**, nke kachasị ewu ewu na nke kachasị ọhụrụ Berta, n'ime na gburugburu Asosa na Kurmuk, n'akụkụ ókèala ya na Sudan.
* A na-asụ **Fadashi** na Bambasi na gburugburu ya.
* A na-asụ Undulu n'ime na gburugburu **Undulu**.
* **Beleje Gonfoye**, asụsụ kachasị echebara echiche, dịpụrụ adịpụ na obodo Berta ndị ọzọ, ebe ọ dị n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ karịa ụdị Berta ndị ọhụrụ. A na-akpọ ya **Gebeto** site na Fleming (1960, 1974; dị ka e depụtara na Bender 1989). N'ihi myirịta ha na Wabosh, ha nwere ike isi n'obodo Wabosh dị na Daleti. E nwere ọtụtụ narị ndị na-asụ ụdị a, nke a na-asụrụ na Fwafwate na mpaghara ndị gbara ya gburugburu na Ndagwurugwu Didessa.
* **Wabosh** nwere njikọ chiri anya na Beleje Gonfoye, a na-asụkwa ya na Daleti.
* A na-asụ **Metehara** n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Ogige Ntụrụndụ Awash na Oromia.
Asụsụ Mongo

Mongo, nke akpọkwara **Nkundo** ma ọ bụ **Mongo**-Nkundu (Lomongo, Lonkundu), bụ asụsụ Bantu nke ọtụtụ ndị Mongo na-asụ na Democratic Republic of the Congo. Ndị na-asụ Mongo bi n'etiti DR Congo n'elu nnukwu mpaghara dị n'ime usoro nke Osimiri Congo. Mongo bụ asụsụ ụda olu.

E nwere ọtụtụ olu. Maho (2009) depụtara otu n'ime ndị a, Bafoto (Batswa de l'Equateur), C.611, dị ka asụsụ dị iche. Ndị ọzọ bụ:

* Kutu (Bakutu), gụnyere Longombe
* Bokote, gụnyere Ngata
* Booli
* Bosaka
* Konda (Ekonda), gụnyere Bosanga-Ekonda
* Ekota
* Emoma
* Ikongo, gụnyere Lokalo-Lomela
* Iyembe
* Lionje, Nsongo, Ntomba
* Yamongo
* Mbole, gụnyere Nkengo, Yenge, Yongo, Bosanga-Mbole, Mangilongo, Lwankamba
* Nkole
* South Mongo, nke gụnyere Bolongo, Belo, Panga, Acitu
* Yailima
* Ngombe-Lomela, Longombe, *Ngome na Múná*

## Ọmụmụ nke ụdaolu

### Mgbochiume

* /d͡z/ nwere ike ịnụ dị ka alveolar ma ọ bụ ezé [d̪͡z̪] na /t͡s/ nwere ike ịbụ alveolars ma ọ bụ postalveolar [t͡ʃ], mgbe ọ na-esote ụdaume ihu.

### Ụdaume

## Edensibia

## Njikọ nke mpụga

* Mongo, Nkundo na PanAfril10n
Bosha language

**Bosha** bụ asụsụ Omotic nke Etiopia ekpochapụla. Ethnologue depụtara ya dị ka olumba nke asụsụ Northern Omotic Kafa, ma na-ekwu na ọ nwere ike ịbụ asụsụ dị iche. Ebe ndị ọzọ depụtara ya dị ka enweghị nkewa. Steeti Bosha, Ala-eze Garo, bụ obodo Gonga omenala n'ime mpaghara ndịda Oromo.
Nimbari language

**Asụsụ Nimbari** (nkè á na-akpọkwa **Niam-Niam**), nkè á na-adịghịzi asụ, bụ ónyé ọtú asụsụ Savanna. Á na-asụ yá n'ebe ùgwù Cameroon. Ethnologue (22nd ed.) depụtara obodo Badjire, Gorimbari, ná Padjara-Djabi dị ka ebe Nimbari ná ngalaba Bénoué ná Mayo-Louti.

Á na-akpọ Nimbari "G12" ná atụmatụ ezinụlọ asụsụ Adamawa nkè Joseph Greenberg.

## Nkesa
Nimbari dị nso ná Pitoa (obodo Piitoa, ngalaba Bénoué) ná Mayo-Louti (obodo Figuil), Northern Region. Á gaghị ejikọta ìhè á na-akpọ *Nyam-Nyam* nke Mayo-Kébi na ihe a na'akpọ Nyam- Nyam nkè Tignère ná Galim (Adamawa Region), onye ezigbo áhà yá bụ Nizaa (ma ọ bụ Suga), nkè Mambiloid.

## Akụkọ ìhè méré eme na nkewa
Kastenholz na Kleinewillinghöfer (2012) kwụrụ ná enweghị ike ịhazi Nimbari n'ụzọ doro anya n'ihi obere data. Ọ bụ áhà Fali nkè pụtara 'ndị Mbari'. Ndị na-akọwa onwé há dị kà Nimbari ugbu a na-asụ Kangou (ma ọ bụ Kaangu, Kaang), ụdị dị iche iche nkè Southern Fali, mà na-akọ áhà agbụrụ *Nimbari* ná ọbọdọ há, Gorimbari. Kastenholz na Kleinewillinghöfer (2012) kọrọ site ná njem nlegharị ányá nkè afọ 2008 ná áhà *Mbaari* na-ezo áká ná inselberg (asụsụ Fal: ɡɔ́rì) n'etiti obodo Gorimbari (Gorimbaara [ɡóːrímbáːrà]). Nimbari sitere na okwu Fali bụ níí Barney__ilo____ilo____ilo__ 'ndị mmadụ/onye (*niru*) nke Mbaari'.

Strümpell (1922/23) kọrọ ná *Nimbari* bụ áhà ndị na-asụ asụsụ *Niam-Niam*. Ná mbụ, Strümpell (1910) kpọrọ asụsụ ahụ *Niam-Niam*, mà dekọọ ụfọdụ data nkè àgwà á na-enyo enyo site n'aka ndị agadi na-echeta; asụsụ ahụ adịkwaghịzi n'iji ya eme ìhè kwá ụbọchị n'oge nchịkọta data. Kastenholz na Kleinewillinghöfer (2012) na-ekwu na ụfọdụ ihe dị na ndepụta okwu Strümpell nwéré ihe yiri asụsụ Duru (Dii, Duupa, Dugun), yá nà Samba Leko na Kolbila rụọ n'ókè dị ala. Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ okwu enweghị ihe doro anya yiri asụsụ Adamawa ndị ọzọ.

## Edensibia
Asụsụ Menka

**Menka** bụ asụsụ Grassfields nke Cameroon. Aha ndị ọzọ gụnyere **Mamwoh** na **Wando Bando**. A na-eme atụmatụ na mmadụ, ihe dika ọgụ ọnụ mmadụ 5,200 na-asụ ya.

## Edensibia

* Blench, Roger (2010) Nchịkọta nke Momo na West Momo

Òtù:Asụsụ ndị Cameroon
Òtù:Asụsụ ndị Southwest Grassfields
Nizaa language

**Suga**, nkè á makwaara dị kà **Galim**, **Nyemnyem**, ná **Nizaa**, bụ asụsụ Mambiloid nkè Cameroon.

## Edensibia
Mboa language

Mboa, nke a makwaara dị ka Mbonga, bụ asụsụ Cameroon (Blench 2011). Ethnologue na-akọ 1,490 ndị ọkà okwu e zoro aka na 2000, ikekwe ndị agbụrụ.
Njem language

Njem (**Njyem**) bụ asụsụ Bantu nkè Congo ná Cameroon . Ndị na-asụ yá na-abụkarị (85%) otú asụsụ, ọtụtụ ndị Baka Pygmies na-asukwa ezigbo asụsụ dị kà asụsụ nkè abụọ.

## Edensibia
Burji language

**Asụsụ Burji**(aha ọzọ: Bembala, Bambala, Daashi) bụ asụsụ Afro-Asia nke ndị Burji na Etiopia na-asụ na ndịda Ọdọ Chamo. Enwere ihe karịrị ndị ọkà okwu 46,000 na Etiopia, yana ndị ọzọ na-ekwu okwu 10,400 na Kenya. Burji bụ nke otu Highland East Cushitic nke ngalaba Cushitic nke ezinụlọ Afro-Asiatic.

Asụsụ ahụ nwekwara usoro okwu SOV (isiokwu–ihe – ngwaa) nke ezinaụlọ Kushit na-enwe. Ngwaa morphology na-amata ọdịiche na-agafe agafe na nke etiti, yana ihe kpatara ya. Mgbakwunye ọnụ na-aka onye, ​​ọnụọgụgụ, na okike nke isiokwu ahụ. 

E bipụtakwara Agba Ọhụrụ ahụ n'asụsụ Burji n'afọ 1993. Nchịkọta ilu Burji, nke a sụgharịrị n'asụsụ Bekee, French, na Swahili, dị na Weebụ.

## Nọmba 1-1000

* 1. *micha*
* 2. *lama*
* 3. *fadiya*
* 4. foola
* 5. *umutta*
* 6. ya na *ya*
* 7. *lamala*
* 8. *hiditta*
* 9. *wonfa*
* 10. *tanna*
* 11. Tannaya micha
* 12. Tannaya lama
* 13. Tannaya fadiya
* 14. Ihe omuma nke Tannaya
* 15. Tannaya umutta
* 16. Tannaya liya
* 17. Tannaya lamala
* 18. Tannaya hiditta
* 19. Tannaya wonfa
* 20. Lamattann
* 30. Fadiitann
* 40. Foolattan
* 50. Umuttan
* 60. Liittan
* 70. Lamalattan
* 80. Hidittan
* 90. Wonfattan
* 100. Ch'ibba
* 1,000. Kuma

## Ihe edeturu


## Ihe odide

* Amborn, Hermann, na Alexander Kellner. 1999. "Burji Vocabulary of Cultural Items. Ihe Nlebaanya n'ime omenala Burji. Dabere na ndetu ubi nke Helmut Straube," Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere 58: 5-67.  Sasse, Hans-Jürgen. 1982. Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Etymological nke Burji (Cushitic Linguistic Studies 1). Hamburg: Buske.  Sasse, Hans-Jürgen na Helmut Straube. 1977. "Omenaala na Asụsụ Burji," Ndịda Etiopia: Ihe Ngosipụta, Na Akụkọ Asụsụ na Akụkọ Ethnohistory na Africa. Ed. Wilhelm JG Moehlig, Franz Rottland na Bernd Heine. Berlin. Peeji nke 239-266. Wedekind, Charlotte. 1985. "Burji ngwaa morphology na morphophonemics," Ngwaa morphophonemics nke ise highland ọwụwa anyanwụ Cushitic asụsụ, gụnyere Burji. Akwụkwọ Ọmụmụ Afrịka na-arụ ọrụ 2. Cologne: Institute for African Studies. Peeji nke 110-145. Wedekind, Klaus. 1980. "Sidamo, Darasa (Gedeo), Burji: phonological iche na oyiyi," Journal of Ethiopian Studies 14: 131-176.
Asụsụ Mono

E nwere ọtụtụ asụsụ akpọrọ Mono:

* Asụsụ Mono (California), asụsụ American Indian nọ n'ihe egwu nke ọdọ mmiri California River na United States
* Asụsụ Mono (Cameroon), asụsụ Adamawa
* Asụsụ Mono (Congo), asụsụ Ubangian nke mmadụ 65,000 na-asụ na Democratic Republic of Congo
* Asụsụ Mono (Solomon Islands), asụsụ Austronesian nke ihe na-erughị mmadụ 4,000 na-asụ na Solomon Islands
Asụsụ Mono (Congo)

Mono bụ asụsụ ihe dị ka mmadụ 65,000 na-asụ n'akụkụ ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke mba Democratic Republic of the Congo. Ọ bụ otu n'ime asụsụ Banda, nke dị n'okpuru alaka Ubangian nke asụsụ NigerCongo. O nwere olumba ise: Bili, Bubanda, Mpaka, Galaba, na Kaga.

Mono nwere ụda mgbochiume n iri atọ na atọ, gụnyere nkwụsị egbugbere ọnụ atọ (//, //, na prenasalized / /), usoro ụdaume asatọ na-enweghị atụ, na flap labiodental / Xia/ (allophonically a bilabial flap [化]) nke dị iche na // na /w/. Ọ bụ asụsụ ụda olu.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

Ụda dị na Mono: elu, ala, etiti

## Edensibia
Mbudum language

Mbudum ma ọ bụ **Mbədam** bụ asụsụ Afro-Asia nke a na-asụ na Cameroon na Far North Province .

## Nkesa
A na-asụ Mbedam n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Hina na Mokolo arrondissement (ngalaba Mayo-Tsanaga, Far North Region). O nwere ihe dị ka ndị na-asụ obodo 6,000, nke na-ebelata.

## Ihe edeturu
Asụsụ Monzombo

**Monzombo** bụ obere asụsụ Ubangian nke ndị Congos.

Ọ dị ụdị atọ, Monzombo (Mondjembo), Kpala (Kwala), na Yango, nke Ethnologue depụtara iche. Ọ bụghị ihe doro anya etu ha si dị iche.

## Edensibia
Mbuko language

**Mbuko** bụ asụsụ Afro-Asiatic a na-asụ na canton nke Doulek, Méri subdivision, ngalaba nke Diamaré, nakwa n'akụkụ nke canton nke Serawa, Tokombéré subdivision.

Mbuko (ndị na-ekwu okwu 6,700) na-ebi na Mbuko massif, nke dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Meri. Ha na-ebikwa na mgbada gbara agbata obi nke Mayo-Ranéo (na kanton Doulek, arrondissement nke Meri, ngalaba nke Diamaré, Far North Region).

## Ihe edeturu
Mbule language

**Mbule**, nke a na-akpọkwa Dumbule ma ọ bụ Tanja, bụ asụsụ Southern Bantoid dị n'ihe ize ndụ nke mmadụ ole na ole na-asụ na etiti Cameroon.

A na-asụ asụsụ a na obodo Mbola dị na South Bokito commune, ngalaba Mbam-et-Inoubou nke Central Region, Cameroon. Dị ka a kọrọ na 2009, e nwere nanị 110 ndị na-asụ asụsụ ahụ, ọ dịghị nke ọ bụla n’ime ha na-asụ otu asụsụ.

## Ihe odide

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

*
Mbum language

**Mbum** Proper (nke a na-akpọkwa **Mboum**, Buna, Mboumtiba na Wuna) bụ asụsụ Adamawa u-Ubangi nke Central Africa. Ihe dị ka mmadụ 137,000 na-asụ ya na Cameroon, Chad na Central African Republic.

Ndị Mbum bi na Cameroon, Central African Republic, na Chad na-asụ asụsụ Mbum. Ọ bụ ezie na amabeghị ebe ha si malite, ụfọdụ kwenyere na ndị Mbum bụ otu n'ime agbụrụ mbụ na mpaghara Adamawa. Mbum nke Tibati na-azọrọ na ha bụ ndị nna ochie nke ndị Tikar, ndị nwere ike ịbụ ndị a maara dị ka ndị Mboum. Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme, ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ, na ndị ọkà mmụta gbasara mmadụ na-arụrịta ụka banyere nkwenkwe a bụ́ ndị kwenyere na òtù ndị ọzọ tinyere onwe ha na ndị Tikar na ndị Kirdi dị ka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị iji nye nkwado ha na-azọrọ na ha na-ekwu na usoro ọmụmụ.

Prọfesọ na onye na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya bụ David Zeitlyn nyochara echiche nke mmalite Tikar nke ọtụtụ ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme, gụnyere Eldridge Mohammadou. N'ịchọpụta echiche mmalite ndị ahụ, Zeitlyn kwuru na "Isi ajụjụ a na-ajụ bụ mmalite nke ndị guzobere usoro ndị eze na ụlọ ọrụ obí eze nke ndị na-asụ asụsụ Tikar dị iche iche. Olee otuto ole a ga-enye na nkwupụta nke Mbum sitere? Iji zaa nke a, a ghaghị ịtụle ihe akaebe dịgasị iche iche, gụnyere ọdịnala ọnụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme. "

Ndị Mbum na ndị Dii nwere mmekọrịta chiri anya, na nke nọgidere ruo ogologo oge, nke na ndị si n'èzí na-esikarị ike ịmata ọdịiche dị n'etiti ha. Na mbido narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, ìgwè abụọ ahụ nọ n'okpuru ọchịchị nke ndị Alakụba Fulani, bụ ndị a na-ekwu na ha lụrụ n'ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu. N'agbanyeghị nke a, ndị Mbum na Dii ka jisiri ike ijide nkwenkwe ime mmụọ ọdịnala ha ruo na narị afọ nke iri abụọ. Mbum ghọrọ ndị Alakụba, ebe Dii ghọrọ ndị Kraịst.

Mbum bụ asụsụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke nwere ọtụtụ ụdị. *ALCAM* (2012) na-ewere *Mbum*, *Larang*, *Pana* na *Gbata* dị ka asụsụ anọ dị iche iche ma nwee njikọ chiri anya. Pana (nke a na-asụkwa na Chad), Karang, Kali-dek na Kuo bụ ụdị ọwụwa anyanwụ nke nwere ike ịbụ asụsụ dị iche iche.

N'ebe ndịda, a na-asụ *Gbata* n'akụkụ ugwu nke mpaghara Bélabo na ngalaba Lom-et-Djerem, Eastern Region. N'ebe ahụ, a na-asụ ya na Woutchaba na Deng-Deng, nke dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Osimiri Sanaga, n'otu n'otu. Blench (2006) weere Gbete (Gbata) dị ka asụsụ dị iche.

A na-asụ LiMbum na South West karịsịa na Donga Mantung na gburugburu Nkambe na Ndu Sub Divisions.
Njen language

Njen bụ obere asụsụ Southern Bantoid nkè Cameroon, nkè ndị bi n'obodo ntà **Njen** na-asụ. Ọtụtụ ndị bi ná Njen na-asụkwa Moghamo ná Ashong, olumba nkè ọbọdọ ntà ndị gbàrà yá gbụrụ-gbúrụ.

## Edensibia
Mbuʼ language

Mbu', ma ọ bụ Ajumbu, bụ asụsụ ndịda Bantoid nke Cameroon. A na-ekewa ya na omenala dịka asụsụ Beboid Western, mana egosipụtabeghị na ọ bụ ezi na ụlọ. Ebe ọ bụ na Western Beboid nwere ike ịdị irè, Mbuʼ ga-adị ka asụsụ ya kacha dị iche.

"Mbuʼ" bụ aha obodo a na-asụ asụsụ ya.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

E nwere ụda atọ; elu, etiti, na ala.

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 'Ndị otu na usoro dị n'ime Bantoid na ókèala ya na Bantu'. *Bantu* IV, Mahadum Humboldt, Berlin.
* Good, Jeff, & Jesse Lovegren. 2009. 'Ntụleghachi Western Beboid'. Bantu nke Atọ
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 'Western Beboid na African language classification'. LSA.

* ELAR archive nke akwụkwọ asụsụ Ajumbu
Mbwasa language

Asụsụ Mbwasa bụ asụsụ South Bantoid nke Cameroon. Ọ dị nnọọ ka Ki, a na-ewerekwa ya mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka olumba ya.

## Ihe odide

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20200919081122/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/Bantoid/General/Blench%20Bantu%20IV%20Berlin%20Bantoid%202011.pdf Ndị otu na usoro dị n'ime Bantoid na ókèala ya na Bantu]*. *Bantu* IV, Mahadum Humboldt, Berlin.
Mefele language

**Mefele** bụ asụsụ Afro-Asiatic a na-asụ n'ebe ugwu Cameroon.  Asụsụ ndị a bụ Mefele, Muhura, Serak, na Shugule. Blench (2006) weere Shugule (Shügule) dị ka asụsụ dị iche.

Ndị na-asụ asụsụ Mefele (ihe karịrị 10,000 ndị na-asụrụ ya) na-esokarị ndị Mafa site na gọọmentị Cameroon. Otú ọ dị, ha onwe ha anaghị akpọ onwe ha Mafa, Mafa na-akpọkarị ha dị ka Bé Love (ọ bụ akara dị iche iche), nke a na-ekwukarị n'akwụkwọ dị ka Bou Love.

## Nkesa
E kewara mpaghara Mefele ụzọ abụọ nke obodo Mokolo kewapụrụ, nke ndị Mafa na-achị. Ndị Mefele bi n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke obodo Mokolo (mpaghara Mokolo, ngalaba nke Mayo-Tsanaga, Far North Region). Mpaghara Mefele buru ibu dị na ndịda na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ yana gụnyere obodo nta nke Sirak na Mouhour. Mpaghara Mefele pere mpe, 10 km n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ, gụnyere obodo nta nke Sougoulé. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị Mefele (ma eleghị anya ụmụaka ruo n'ókè dị nta) na-aghọta ma na-asụ Mafa, ya mere a na-asụkarị asụsụ abụọ na Mafa.
Mengaka language

Mengaka (Məgaka), ma ọ bụ Mengaka Bamileke, bụ asụsụ Bamileke nke Cameroon. Edere ya n'ihe odide ụmụ amaala akpọrọ Bagam.

## Ihe odide
Menchum language

**Menchum**, ma ọ bụ **Befang**, bụ asụsụ Grassfields nke Cameroon.

Befang bụ obodo na aha asụsụ Menchum a na-asụ n'ebe ahụ.

## Ihe odide
Ụbara Asụsụ Moru-Madi

Ụbara Asụsụ Moru-Madi nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Central Sudan bụ ụyọkọ **asụsụ ndị** yiri ibe ha na South Sudan, Democratic Republic of Congo, na Uganda. 100,000 mmadụ na-asụ Moru, ma Ma'di na-asị okpukpu abụọ nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ. Asụsụ ndị mmadụ kacha biri bụ Aringa nke Uganda, nke nwere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu nde ndị na-asụ ya, na Lugbara, nke nwere nde 1.6.

## Ụbara Asụsụ
Ụbara Asụsụ ndị dị na ụyọkọ a dị na mba atọ: Uganda (Ma'di, Lugbara, Aringa, S. Ma'di); South Sudan (Aringa, Ma'di, Lolu'bo, Avukaya, Kaliko, Moru, na Logo); na Democratic Republic of Congo (Lugbara, Avukya, Kaliko na Logo).

* Moru (Wa'di dị iche iche)
* Avokaya
* Keliko
* Omi
* Lugbara
* Okollo Ogo Rigbo
* Logo
* Aringa (Lower Lugbara)
* Ma'di (Moyo, Adjumani (Oyuwi), Pandikeri, Lokai, Burulo dialects)
* Olu'bo (Lolubo)

## Aha akpọrọ 'Madi'
A na-eji aha *Ma'di* eme ihe maka ndị dị iche iche nọ na mpaghara ahụ. Enwere omume, ọkachasị na mpaghara Acholi nke ugwu Uganda, na-ezo aka na onye ọ bụla si West Nile Region dị ka Ma'di, ọbụna Kakwa. Nanị otú nọ na mpaghara a bụ ndị a na-akpọghị Ma'di bụ ndị Alur.

Joseph Pasquale Crazzolara, iji ma atụ na-ekwu na "Logbara niile [...] kwenyere na ha bụ ndị Ma'di, na ha bụ Ma'di. Alur nke Okooro, ndị agbata obi ha, na Bunyoro na Buganda na-akpọ ha Ma'di. N'otu aka ahụ, onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ A. N. Tucker kọwara ndị agbata obi Keliko ndị bi n'elu ugwu dị nso na Logbara, dị ka ndị nwere "ezi aha Ma'di". Otú ọ dị, ndị Keliko na-ewere onwe ha dị ka Keliko kama dị ka Ma'di.

## Okwu ntụnyere
Nkọwa okwu ndị bụ isi nke asụsụ Moru-Ma'di sitere na Boone & Watson (1996):

## Edensibia
Bussa language

**Bussa**, ma ọ bụ **Mossiya**, bụ asụsụ Cushitic a na-asụ na Dirashe pụrụ iche woreda nke Southern Nations, Nationalities, na People's Region dị na ndịda Etiopia. Ndị mmadụ n'onwe ha, nke dị puku iri na asatọ dịka ọnụ ọgụgụ 2007 si dị, na-akpọ asụsụ ha *Mossittaata*.

Blench (2006) weghachiri Bussa site na Dullay gaa na alaka Konsoid nke Cushitic, mana ọ hapụrụ Mashole, Lohu, na Dobase (D'oopace, D'opaasunte) dialects na Dullay dị ka asụsụ Dobase. Ọ na-ewere Mashile (Mashelle) dị ka asụsụ dị iche n'ime Konsoid.

Asụsụ Kushitic na Omotic gbara ya gburugburu na-emetụta Bussa na ekwesịrị ka e were ya dị ka ihe egwu dịka Gurmu (2005) siri kwuo. Ndị na-ekwu okwu nke North Bussa dị iche iche na-atụgharị gaa na Oromo, Dirasha ma ọ bụ Amharic, ebe ndị na-asụ ụdị West Bussa dị iche iche na-atụgharị gaa na asụsụ Omotic Zargulla, Zayse na Gamo. Ihe ndị dị mkpa maka mgbanwe asụsụ na-aga n'ihu gụnyere ịlụ di na nwunye na agbụrụ ndị ọzọ na mmekọrịta siri ike na ndị agbata obi.

## Ihe odide

* Gurmu, Alemayehu [2005] 'Ụfọdụ ndetu na akụkụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze nke Bussa' (akwụkwọ a na-ebipụtabeghị nke e gosipụtara na International Conference on Endangered Ethiopian Languages, Addis Ababa 27–30 April 2005);  Wedekind, Klaus (ed.) (2002) 'Akụkọ nyocha gbasara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke mpaghara Gawwada (Dullay), Diraasha (Gidole), Muusiye (Bussa). Akụkọ nyocha eletrọnịkị SIL 2002-065
Asụsụ Mpuono

**Mpuono**, ma ọ bụ Mpuun, bụ asụsụ Bantu nke ọtụtụ narị puku mmadụ na-asụ na Democratic Republic of Congo.
Olumba ndị a gụnyere Mpuono, Mpuun (Mbuun, Kimbuun, Gimbunda).

## Akwụkwọ Ederede
E. na A. Haller sụgharịrị Oziọma abụọ, ha abụọ bụ nke Mission de Mangungu.  E bipụtara Oziọma Jọn na 1935, dị ka Lasang Labve la afun kangi Yone; na Oziọma Matiu na 1951, dị ka Lasag Labve lafun Matayo. Ọ bụ Société Biblique Britannique et Étrangère (British and Foreign Bible Society) bipụtara ndị a.  E bipụtara nchịkọta ilu nwere nsụgharị na nkọwa asụsụ French.

## Edensibia
Nkongho language

**Nkongho**, mà ọ bụ *Upper Mbo*, bụ asụsụ Bantu á na-amaghị nkè ọma nkè Cameroon. Ewezuga ịbụ Bantu, ọ nweghị ìhè jikọrọ yá ná asụsụ Mbo.
Chaha language

Chaha ma ọ bụ Cheha (na **Chaha** na Amharic: ቸሃ čehā ma ọ bụ *čexā*) bụ asụsụ Gurage a na-asụ n'etiti Etiopia, karịsịa n'ime mpaghara Gurage na mpaghara Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples. Ndị Gurage bi n'obodo ndị Etiopia na-asụkwa ya, ọkachasị Addis Ababa. Chaha bụ nke ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta phonology na morphologists maara maka ọdịdị ya dị mgbagwoju anya. 

Dị ka Ethnologue si kwuo, olumba nke SBG (Sebat Bet Gurage) bụ Chaha (*čäxa*), Ezha (*äža*), Gumer (ma ọ bụ Gwemare, *gwämarä*), Gura, Gyeto (ma ọ bụrụ Gyeta, *gyäta*), na Muher (ma ọ bụghị Mwahr, *mwäxǝr*).  Otú ọ dị, a na-ewere ụfọdụ n'ime ndị a dị ka asụsụ n'onwe ha mgbe ụfọdụ.  Karịsịa, Muher dị iche na olumba ndị ọzọ nke na ọ bụghị ọbụna ka a na-emeso ya dịka onye otu Western Gurage nke SBG nọ na ya.

Isiokwu a na-elekwasị anya n'asụsụ Chaha, nke a mụrụ karịa ndị ọzọ.
Ọ gwụla ma egosiri ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, ihe atụ niile bụ Chaha.

## Ụda na orthography

### Mkpụrụ okwu na ụdaume
SBG nwere usoro fọnịm nke ọma maka asụsụ Semitic Etiopia. Enwere consonants ndị a na-emebu yana nke enweghị olu na ụda olu. Agbanyeghị, asụsụ Chaha nwekwara ọtụtụ consonants nke nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu karịa ọtụtụ asụsụ Semitic ndị Etiopia ndị ọzọ. E wezụga ụdaume asaa nke asụsụ ndị a, SBG nwere ihu oghe-mid (ɛ) na ụdaume azụ (ɔ). Ụfọdụ olumba ahụ nwere ma ụdaume dị mkpụmkpụ na ogologo, ma ụfọdụ nwere ụdaume imi.

Chaatị ndị dị n'okpuru na-egosi ekwentị nke asụsụ Chaha; kpọmkwem ole phonemes dị bụ ihe esemokwu n'ihi mgbagwoju anya nke SBG morphophonology.
Maka nnọchiteanya nke ụda SBG, isiokwu a na-eji mgbanwe nke usoro a na-ahụkarị (ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị zuru ụwa ọnụ) n'etiti ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ na-arụ ọrụ na asụsụ Semitic nke Etiopia, mana ọ dịtụ iche na mgbakọ nke International Phonetic Alphabet. Mgbe akara IPA dị iche, a na-egosi ya na brackets na chaatị.

na mgbakwunye na mgbagwoju anya na ngwaa morphology e ji mara asụsụ ndị Semitic niile, SBG na-egosipụta ọkwa dị mgbagwoju anya ọzọ n'ihi njikọ dị mgbagwoju anya dị n'etiti nhazi nke consonants na mgbọrọgwụ nke ngwaa na otu esi enweta ha n'ụdị ngwaa ahụ ma ọ bụ a. aha ewepụtara na ngwaa ahụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ngwaa pụtara 'emeghe' nwere mgbọrọgwụ nke nwere consonants {kft} (dị ka ọ na-eme n'ọtụtụ asụsụ ndị Semitic Etiopia ndị ọzọ). N'ụdị ụfọdụ anyị na-ahụ consonants ndị a niile. Dị ka ihe atụ, nke atọ onye otu nwoke zuru okè Chaha ụdị pụtara 'ọ meghere' bụ käfätä-m. Agbanyeghị, mgbe ejiri otu ngwaa na-abụghị nke onwe, nke pụtara n'ụzọ siri ike 'meghere ya', a ga-agbanwe abụọ n'ime consonants a: 'käfʷäč-i-m'.
Nkambe languages

**Asụsụ Nkambe** bụ otú asụsụ Eastern Grassfields nkè ndị Yamba ná ndị yiri yá nkè Western High Plateau nkè Cameroon na-asụ.

Asụsụ ndị á bụ Dzodinka, Kwaja, Limbum, Mbə, Ndaktup, Mfumte, Yamba.
Njerep language

Njerep (**Njerup**) bụ asụsụ Mambiloid a na-asụ ná mpaghara Adamawa nke Cameroon . Njerep bụ ìhè na-adịghịzi adị, naanị mmadụ 4 na-asụ yá n'ụlọ (na 2018). Ọ bụ ezie ná á chịkọtara ndepụta ókwú ná  ozi ụtọ asụsụ site n'aka ndị a, ozi ahụ kà dị n'ụzọ dịgasị iche.

## Ihe ọmụma n'ozuzu
Á na-ewere Njerep dị kà asụsụ dị oké egwu n'okpuru ndepụta ihe ize ndụ asụsụ UNESCO. Nnyocha e méré ná 2000 na-egosi ná ọ bụ naanị mmadụ isii na-asụ asụsụ á kà dị, há niile bi n'obodo Somié nke dị n'ókè Nigeria-Cameroon (6°28' N, 11° 27' E). N'ime ndị ọkà ókwú isii a, ọ bụ naanị otú kà maara asụsụ ahụ. Á kọrọ ná ndị ọzọ bụ ndị na-ekwu okwu. Á mụrụ ónyé kasị ntà n'ime ndị ọkà ókwú ná 1940s, ọ yighịkwa ka Njerep ga-adị ndụ karịa ọgbọ dị ugbu a. Njerep abụghịzi asụsụ nke mkparịta ụka nkịtị. Kama nke ahụ, á na-ejikarị yá eme ìhè màkà idebe ìhè ǹzùzò ná mkparịta ụka. Dị kà nnyocha e méré n'afọ 2007 si kwuo, ọ bụ naanị mmadụ anọ na-asụ asụsụ a. Ha niile bụ ndị agadi.
Asụsụ Mambila, nkè a makwaara dị ka Mvop, anọchiwo Njerep n'iji ya eme ihe.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị Njerep
Ọ bụ ezie ná ndị Njerep bi ugbua n'obodo Somié, á ghọtara nkè ọma ná Njerep si n'ugwu kwaga ebe ahụ. N'ihe gbásárá àlà, ọbọdọ Somié dị ná Tikar Plain nkè Cameroon. Ìhè dị kà mmadụ 2,500 bi ná Somié abụghị naanị Njerep, kamakwa ọtụtụ ndị si mbà ọzọ kwabata gụnyere ndị Liap, Ndeba, na Mvup. Ọ bụ ezie ná akụkọ á na-ekwu banyere otú ìgwè ndị a si kwaga ná mbara àlà Tikar na-emegiderịta onwé há, ọ yiri kà ebili mmiri atọ mà ọ bụ anọ nkè ndị na-akwaga mbà ọzọ méré kà ndị bi n'ógbè a. O yikarịrị kà ndị Njerep sị n'ógbè ụfọdụ nkè Adamawa Plateau kwaga Tikar Plain, ikekwe site ná Ùgwù Djeni (nke egosikwara dị ka Jiini ma ọ bụ Aigue Mboundo na map ụfọdụ) na Mambilla Plateau. Njerep bụ ụdị Nzirrip, nkè dịbu ná Nyo Heights nkè Mambilla Plateau. Ọ na-anọchite ányá yá taa site ná ọbọdọ Yanzirri fọdụrụnụ. Ọ dọrọ ányá  ná á pụrụ ịchọta mmalite há ná Mambilla Plateau site n'ebe há rutere n'ugwu dị ala nke Nyalang site ná ùgwù Jiini.

## Mmekọrịta asụsụ
Njerep yiri kà ọ nwèrè njikọ ná Kasabe, Yeni, ná Twendi nọ n'ihe ize ndụ. Njerep yiri kà yá ná Kasabe nwèrè nghọta, ọ bụ ezie ná ọ bụghị ya na Twendi.

Njerep dabara n'okpuru nhazi sara mbara nkè otú n'ime asụsụ Mambiloid. Mambila, asụsụ kachasị n'ime ìgwè Mambiloid, nwèrè ìhè dị ka asụsụ irí abụọ dị iche iche, nkè kewara n'ụzọ dị mfe n'etiti East Mambila na West Mambila dialect clusters. Nnyocha asụsụ na-egosi ná Njerep nwere ike ịdaba n'okpuru ụyọkọ East Mambila. Otú ọ dị, ọ kà na-arụ ụka mà Njerep ná asụsụ ya ndị metụtara yá kwesịrị ịgụnye otú nkè yá pụrụ iche. 

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke agụmakwụkwọ
Mgbalị siri ike iji dekọọ ma kọwaa Njerep malitere n'afọ 2000. Otú ọ dị, ka ọ na-erule afọ 2000, Njerep anọworị na njedebe rụọ oge ụfọdụ. Ya mere, ihe ọmụma nke okwu Njerep na ụtọ asụsụ ka dị ntakịrị. N'ụzọ dị mwute, enweghị ndị ọkà ókwú na-eme kà ọ yighị kà á ga-agbanwe ìhè ndekọ ahụ na-ezughị ezu.

## Ndepụta okwu na ụtọ asụsụ
E bipụtara ntuziaka zụrụ oké màkà ókwú ná ụtọ asụsụ Njerep mà dị n'efu.

## Edensibia

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

## Njikọ mpụga

* Njerep profaịlụ na Endangered Languages Project
*
Asụsụ Hunde

Hunde (Ki**hunde**; kwa *Luhunde*, *Kobi*, *Rukobi*) bụ asụsụ Great Lakes Bantu nke ndị Hunde ma ọ bụ Bahunde na-asụ na mpaghara Nord-Kivu na Democratic Republic of the Congo . A na-asụ ya na mpaghara Masisi, Walikale, Nyiragongo, Rutshuru na Kalehe. E nwekwara ụfọdụ ndị na-asụ ya na obodo  Rwanda na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Uganda. Lelee Yahunde, Bahunde, Yahudi, Jacob, Kobi.

## Ihe odide
Asụsụ Nande

**Nande**, nke a makwara dị ka (Oru) Ndandi na **Yira**, bụ asụsụ Bantu a na-asụ na Democratic Republic of the Congo. 

Ndị Nande nke Congo na ndị Konjo nke Uganda bụ otu agbụrụ, nke ha na-akpọ Yira (Bayira). Ha chọpụtara mmalite ha na Ugwu Ruwenzori n'etiti mba abụọ ahụ. Asụsụ Nande na Konjo dị nso nke ukwuu iji were ya dị ka ire okwu dị iche iche. Nande nwere ọtụtụ olumba nke ya: Nande n'onwe ya, Kumbule, Mate, Tangi, Sanza, Shu, Songola (*Songoora*, Nyangala), Swaga / Kira (na Nande, a na-eji *eki-* ebido ha niile). 

Maka ụdị asụsụ a maara dị ka Shu, a na-enye anyị ozi na asụsụ ọzọ, "EkiShukaali" bụ nke ụmụ nwanyị na-asụbu, ndị *AvaShukaali*. Nke a nwere ike ịbụ ihe a kapịrị ọnụ maka ụdị "okwu nzuzo" nke ụmụ agbọghọ, ọ bụghị ụmụ nwoke, hibere. 

Ụfọdụ n'ime ndị Nande nke Congo nwere mmekọrịta patron-vassal na ndị Efé Pygmies.

## Ọmụmụ nke ụdaolu

### Mgbochiume

* A na-anụ ụdaume ihu na ọnụ [j, w] naanị n'ihi ụdaume ihu /i, ɪ, ɛ/ ma ọ bụ ụdaume azụ /u, ʊ, ɔ/ na-esote ụdaume ndị ọzọ, ma ọ bụ n'ọnọdụ mmalite n'etiti ụdaume abụọ.
* Enwere ike ịnụ ụda olu /p, t, k/ n'efu dị ka ụda [b, d, ɡ] n'etiti ndị ọkà okwu, ma ọ bụ ụda olu nwekwara ike ịpụta ihe na okwu ndị a gbazitere.

### Ụdaume

* Ụda /ɛ, ɔ/ nwekwara ike igosipụta dị ka ụdaume ndị ọzọ (nke dị nso) [e, o] n'ime ogwe nwere ụdaume oge (dị ka /i, u/), ma ọ bụ n'ime mkpụrụ okwu n'ụdị ọtụtụ.

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụgara

* Kinande: A Grammar Sketch (Version 1.0)
Hung

**Phong**,Tai Phong, ma ọ bụ Tày Poong bụ ụyọkọ olumba Vietic a na-asụ na ugwu etiti Vietnam. Ụdị dị iche iche gụnyere Đan Lai, Toum, na Liha.

## Edensibia
Victor Banjo

**Victor Adebukunola Banjo, bido n'abalị mbụ nke ọnwa**  (Eprel afọ 1930 rue n'abalị irí abụọ na abụọ nke ọnwa Septemba afọ 1967) bụ onye colonel na ndị agha Naijiria. Ọ lụrụ agha na Biafran Army n'oge Agha Obodo Naịjirịa. Gọọmentị Aguyi Ironsi boro Banjo ebubo na ọ bụ onye na-agba izu megide Praịm Minista Naijiria Abubakar Tafawa Balewa. E boro ya ebubo na ọ kpara nkata iwe ọchịchị megide onye isi ala Biafra Odumegwu Ojukwu ma gbuo ya n'ihi ya. Onye ọka ikpe agha mbụ nke Ojukwu kwuru na ọ bụghị ihe akaebe zuru ezu iji maa ya ikpe maka ebubo ọchịchị, mana ụlọ ikpe ndị agha nke abụọ mara ya ikpe.

## Ọrụ agha tupu ọchịchị aka ike nke afọ 1966
Lieutenant Colonel Banjo bụ onye nduzi Naijiria mbụ nke bụ Electrikal Injinia na Mekanical Injinia Corps nke ndị agha Naijiria. Ọ sonyeere ndị agha n'afọ 1953 dị ka Warrant Officer nke iri ise na abụọ. Ọ bụ onye Naijiria nke iri na isii a ga-enye ọrụ dị ka onye ọrụ. Ngwaahịa nke Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, ọ nwetakwara BSc ya na injinia igwe.

Nsogbu ya malitere mgbe nnupụisi nke abalị irí na ise nke ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 1966, nke mere ka Major-General Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi nwee ike. Ụbọchị atọ mgbe Aguiyi-Ironsi batara n'ọchịchị, a kpọrọ Banjo n'ọfịs nke Onye Ọchịagha Kasị Elu ma jide ya mgbe ọ ka na-echere ịhụ onye isi ala. Banjo, onye Yoruba, nwara ịgbachitere onye ọrụ Yoruba , [onye?] mana Lieutenant Colonel G. T. Kurubo na Major P. A. Anwuna jidere ya ma tụba ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ site n'aka General Aguiyi-Ironsi. E boro ya ebubo na ọ na-eme atụmatụ igbu onye isi ala. Banjo kwupụtara na aka ya dị ọcha, mana ekweghị ka ikpe ya. A na-enyo enyo [onye?] na e jidere Banjo n'ihi na e chere na o nwere aka na nnupụisi nke afọ 1966. Mgbagha ọchịchị ahụ kpasuru iwe agbụrụ ma kewaa ndị agha. E jidere Banjo n'ụlọ mkpọrọ dị iche iche n'agbata Jenụwarị afọ 1966 na Mee 1967. Ndị isi ndị agha ọchịagha si na ugwu nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịgba ọchịchị megide Aguiyi-Ironsi, onye Igbo. E gburu Ironsi na Colonel Fajuyi, Gọvanọ nke Western Region.

## Biafra, agha obodo na ọnwụ
Mgbe a mara Biafra N'abalị iri atọ nke ọnwa  Mee afo 1967, Onye isi ala Odumegwu Ojukwu tọhapụrụ Banjo n'ụlọ mkpọrọ dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Naịjirịa ma bulie ya n'ọkwa Colonel. Mgbe ndị agha Naijiria wakporo Biafra n'abalị isii nke ọnwa Julaị afọ 1967, Ojukwu zigara Banjo na Major Albert Okonkwo ka ha wakpo Naijiria. Banjo nwere ike weghara Benin City n'ihe na-erughị otu ụbọchị ma nwee ike ịbanye n'ime kilomita narị atọ site na isi obodo Lagos n'oge ahụ. Mgbe a chụpụrụ Banjo na Agha nke Ore, e boro ya na ndị isi ndị ọzọ (Emmanuel Ifeajuna, Phillip Alale, na Sam Agbam) ebubo na ha na-akpa nkata iwe ọchịchị megide Ojukwu. Mgbe ikpe ngwa ngwa, nke ụfọdụ ndị edemede gosipụtara dị ka ndị na-ele mmadụ anya n'ihu, a chọpụtara na ikpe mara ha maka ịgba ọchịchị mgba okpuru ma maa ha ikpe ọnwụ. E gburu ha site na ndị na-agba égbè n'abalị irí abụọ na abụọ nke ọnwa Septemba afọ 1967.

## Edensibia

Òtù:Onye ọchịagha mba Naijiria
Asụsụ Hungana

**Hungana** bụ asụsụ Bantu, nke nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke Democratic Republic of the Congo.

## Ihe odide
Gbaya languages

**Asụsụ Gbaya**, nke a makwaara dị ka GbayaʹManzańNgbaka, bụ ezinụlọ nke ma eleghị anya asụsụ iri na abụọ a na-asụkarị na ọdịda anyanwụ mba Central African  na gafee ókèala Cameroon, yana otu asụsụ (Ngbaka) na Democratic Republic of the Congo, yana obere asụsụ ole na ole na mba of the Kongo. Ọtụtụ n'ime asụsụ ndị a na-eji aha agbụrụ *Gbaya*, ọ bụ ezie na nke kachasị ukwuu, nke nwere ihe karịrị otu nde ndị na-asụ ya, a na-akpọ Ngbaka, aha ya na asụsụ Ngbaka nke ezinụlọ Ubangian.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Moñino (1995:22) na-atụ aro na ala nna Proto-Gbaya dị n'ógbè dị gburugburu Carnot, mba Central Afrika.

## Asụsụ
Moñino (afo 2010) wughachiri proto-Gbaya ma na-atụ aro osisi ezinụlọ na-esonụ:

E nwere otu ma ọ bụ abụọ obere asụsụ Gbaya gbasasịrị na mba Congo na n'akụkụ ókèala mba Cameroon, dị ka Bonjo.

## Edensibia
Hund

**Hund** nwere ike ịrụtụ aka na:

## Ndị mmadụ

* Thorir Hund (amụrụ ca. 990), otu onye n'ime ndị isi kachasị ukwuu na Hålogaland
* Hund Şehzade (1422), adaeze Ottoman

### Aha nna

* Barbara Hund, nwanyị chess grandmaster, onye bu bụ onye German, ugbu a Swiss
* Friedrich Hund (1896-1997), onye Germany na-ahụ maka physics nke a maara maka ọrụ ya na atọm na molekụl
* Juliane Hund (1928-1999), onye Germany na-egwu chess
* Gerhard Hund (amụrụ n'afọ 1932), onye Germany na-egwu chess
* Karl Gotthelf von Hund (1722-1776), onye German freemason bụ onye guzobere Rite of Strict Observance
* Magnus Hund, aha ọzọ nke Magnus Hundt (1449-1519), ọkà ihe ọmụma German, dọkịta na ọkà mmụta okpukpe

## Ndị ọzọ

* Hund (obodo nta), obodo nta dị na mpaghara Swabi, Pakistan
* Hund School, Kansas, USA
* Hund (egwuregwu kaadị), egwuregwu kaadị German
* Hund ma ọ bụ Voller Hund, egwuregwu kaadị German

## Hụkwa

* Hundt, aha nna
* All pages with titles containing Hund
Asụsụ Mündü

Mündü (**Mondo**) bụ asụsụ Ubangian nke South Sudan, nke nwere puku mmadụ ole na ole na-asụ na mba Democratic Republic of the Congo.

## Ebe Ọ dị
Nnyocha e mere n'afọ 2013 kọrọ na agbụrụ Mundu na ebi na bomas ndị a nke South Sudan.

* Amaki Boma, Kozi Payam, Maridi County
* E'di Boma, Ngamunde Payam, Maridi County
* Mundu Boma, Tore Payam, Yei County
* Adio Boma, Tore Payam, Yei County

## Edensibia
On

On, on, ma ọ bụ **ON** nwere ike ịrụtụ aka **na**:

## Nkà na ntụrụndụ

### Egwú

* On (band), ọrụ Ken Andrews n'onwe ya
* On (EP), 1993 EP nke Aphex Twin
* On (Echobelly album), 1995
* On (Gary Glitter album), 2001
* On (Imperial Teen album), 2002
* On (Elisa album), 2006
* On (Jean album), 2006
* On (Boom Boom Satellites album), 2006
* On (Abọm Taul), 2017
* "On" (abụ), abụ 2020 nke BTS
* "On", abụ nke Bloc Party sitere na 2006 album A Weekend in the City

### Ụzọ Mgbasa ozi ndị ọzọ

* *Ön*, ihe nkiri Sweden nke 1966
* On (Japanese prosody), ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụda na uri ndị Japan
* On (akwụkwọ akụkọ), nke Adam Roberts dere
* ONdigital, ọrụ telivishọn dijitalụ nke Britain dara ada, nke a na-akpọ ITV Digital
* Overmyer Network, nke bụbu ụlọ ọrụ telivishọn US

## Ebe ndị a na-anọ

* On (Ijipt oge ochie), ụdị Hibru nke aha Ijipt oge ochie nke Heliopolis
* On, Wallonia, mpaghara nke obodo Marche-en-Famenne
* Ahn, Luxembourg, nke a maara na Luxembourgish dị ka On
* Ontario, ógbè Canada

## Sayensị, teknụzụ, na mgbakọ na mwepụ

### Biology na ọgwụ

* Ihe ndekọ ọrụ, akwụkwọ nlekọta metụtara ọrụ
* Optic neuritis, karịsịa dị mkpa na multiple sclerosis
* Osteonecrosis, ọnwụ nke anụ ahụ ọkpụkpụ
* Osteonectin, glycoprotein

### Ojiji ndị ọzọ na sayensị, teknụzụ, na mgbakọ na mwepụ

* ON Semiconductor, ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta semiconductor
* Otu O'Nan, otu mgbakọ na mwepụ
* OS/Net, Obodo OpenSolaris
* On, klas kwesịrị ekwesị nke ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ niile

## Ojiji ndị ọzọ

* On (onye a kpọtụrụ aha na Bible), nwa Peleth
* On (ụlọ ọrụ), ụlọ ọrụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ na ejiji egwuregwu nke Switzerland
* Na Kawara, onye na-ese ihe na Japan
* Nauru Airlines (IATA airline designator ON)
* Akụkụ ụkwụ, n'egwuregwu cricket
* Old Norse, asụsụ North German nke a na-ekwukarị na etymology
* Ontology, alaka nke nkà ihe ọmụma nke na-ekwu maka echiche nke ịbụ
* On'yomi, ịgụ mkpụrụedemede Japanese kanji
* Order of the Nation, nsọpụrụ nke Jamaica
* Overground Network, atụmatụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè na South London
* ON convoys, usoro nke WWII azụmahịa convoys
* Orka náttúrunnar (ON Power), ụlọ ọrụ ike eletrik nke Iceland

## Hụkwa

* Yōon
In

IN, In ma ọ bụ **in** nwere ike ịrụtụ aka na:

## Ebe ndị a na-anọ

* India (koodu mba IN)
* Indiana, United States (postal code IN)
* Ingolstadt, Germany (koodu ikikere IN)
* Na, Russia, obodo dị na Jewish Autonomous Oblast

## Azụmaahịa na òtù

* Independent Network, otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị na UK
* Indiana Northeastern Railroad (Association of American Railroads reporting mark)
* Ndị agha mmiri India, akụkụ nke ndị agha India
* Ndị agha na-agba ọsọ, ngalaba nke ndị agha na-eji ụkwụ alụ ọgụ
* IN Groupe, onye na-emepụta akwụkwọ gọọmentị France
* MAT Macedonian Airlines (IATA designator IN)
* Nam Air (onye na-akpọ IATA IN)

## Sayensị na teknụzụ

* .in, ngalaba dị elu nke India n'ịntanetị
* Inch (in), otu unit nke ogologo
* Indium, akara In, ihe kemịkal
* Intelligent Network, ọkọlọtọ netwọk nkwukọrịta
* Intra-nasal (inflation), usoro nke ijikwa ụfọdụ ọgwụ na ọgwụ mgbochi
* Integrase, enzyme retroviral

## Uru ndị ọzọ

* Na (album), site na Outsiders, 1967
* Na (aha Korean), aha ezinụlọ na ihe dị na aha ndị e nyere
* "In", ihe omume nke Minder
* Imperishable Night, egwuregwu nke asatọ na usoro *Touhou* nke Japan
* Asụsụ Indonesian (nke bụbu koodu asụsụ ISO 639-1; "id" eji kemgbe Nọvemba 3, 1989)
* Na Nomine, aha e nyere nke ọ bụla n'ime ọtụtụ obere egwu nke polyphonic ma ọ bụ olu olu Bekee n'oge narị afọ nke 16 na nke 17

## Hụkwa

* Inn (disambiguation)
* INS
Indu

Indu ma ọ bụ **INDU** nwere ike ịrụtụ aka na:

* $INDU, akara maka Dow Jones Industrial Average
* Chandra, chi ọnwa nke Hindu
* Ndị South Asia, ndị si South Asia na mpaghara South Asia na West India. (I.E. Indu-Chinese & Indo-Trini)
* Ihe nkiri nke Roja Selvamani na-eme
* Ihe nkiri Indu
* Indu chakra, otu ìgwè nke 6 music scales na Carnatic music
* Indu, onye Bengali, kayastha, aha nna
* aha mkpirisi gọọmentị maka Canadian House of Commons Standing Committee on Industry, Science and Technology
Bagirmi language

Bagirmi (nke a na-akpọkwa Baguirmi; autonym: *ɓarma*) bụ asụsụ nke ndị **Baguirmi** nke Chad, nke sitere n'ezinụlọ Nilo-Saharan.  Mmadụ 44,761 na-asụ ya na 1993, ọkachasị na mpaghara Chari-Baguirmi, yana na mpaghara Mokofi nke mpaghara Guéra. Ọ bụ asụsụ nke Alaeze nke Baguirmi.

Enyere Baguirmi akwụkwọ ederede, na ederede na-enye ntụziaka ịgụ akwụkwọ bụ isi site na mbọ Don na Orpha Raun n'oge na-arụ ọrụ Chadian, n'ime 1990s. Ọ bụ n'aka mepụtara mkpụrụedemede iji kwado mkpụrụedemede Baguirmi na usoro ntinye Keyman maka ahụigodo Latịn. Anthony Kimball na 2003, na ahụ nke akwụkwọ Baguirmi bipụtara na-aga n'ihu na-amụba. Ọ bụ David Raun  David Raun na-ekesa ọtụtụ akwụkwọ a na Chad n'ụgwọ ego, dị ka ozi ndị na-asụ Baguirmi na Chad.

## Ntuaka


## Njikọ mpụga

* Keyman - Ụdị na Baguirmi
Daatsʼiin language

**Daatsʼiin**bụ asụsụ Gumuz nke ọdịda anyanwụ Etiopia. Enwere obodo abụọ nke ndị na-ekwu okwu n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Etiopia, otu na Mahadid, na ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Alitash National Park, na otu na Inashemesh, na ókèala Sudan, n'ebe ndịda nke ogige ebe Rahad River na-esi na Etiopia na-agafe Sudan.

A kọrọ Daatsʼiin na 2013 ma kọwaa ya na 2014. Ahland kọwara ya n'ihu na 2016. Ndepụta okwu ntụnyere nke Daatsʼiin, Northern Gumuz, na Southern Gumuz dị na Ahland & Kelly (2014).

N'ime asụsụ ndị ọzọ Gumuz, Daatsʼíin nwere ihe yiri Southern Gumuz, mana ìgwè abụọ ahụ na-ekwurịta okwu na Arabic ma ọ bụ Amharic.
Nanga Dogon

**Naŋa dama**, makwaara dị ka **Naŋa tegu**, bụ asụsụ Dogon a na-asụ na Mali nke a maara naanị site na otu akụkọ sitere na 1953. Roger Blench na-akọ na ọ kacha nso bụ WaloʹKumbe Dogon a kọwara n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, "nke ọ na-ekerịta ma lexicon na njirimara nke ọtụtụ aha nwere -m ikpeazụ". Hochstetler chere na ha nwere ike ịbụ otu asụsụ. Ọ nwere ike ịdị nso na Yanda Dogon (Blench) ma ọ bụ Jamsai tegu (Hochstetler).
Daasanach language

Daasanach (nke a makwaara dị ka Dasenech, Daasanech, Dathanaik, Dathanaic, Dathanik, Dhaasanac, Gheleba, Geleba, Geleb, Gelebinya, Gallab, Galuba, Gelab, Gelubba, Dama, Marille, Merile, Merille, Morille, Reshiat, Russia) bụ asụsụ Cushitic nke **Daasanach** na-asụ na Ethiopia, South Sudan na Kenya nke ala nna ha dị n'akụkụ Osimiri Omo dị ala na n'akụkụ Ọdọ Mmiri Turkana.

## Usoro ide ihe
Jim Ness na Susan Ness bụ́ ndị nsụgharị Bible na ịgụ akwụkwọ na Wycliffe chepụtara nsụgharị bara uru ma bipụta akwụkwọ mkpụrụ akwụkwọ 1995. Yegalech Komoi ye Gosh Kwanyangʼ ẹma ẹmịn̄ n̄wed abisi en̄wen ke 1995. Ẹma ẹmịn̄ Gospel Mark ke 1997, ẹnyụn̄ ẹmịn̄ mme edikabade Bible eken ke 1999.

A na-anakwere ngbanwe nke mkpoputa a, dochie digraph ‹dh› site na d jiri strok kwụ ọtọ site na nnukwu efere ‹ꟈ›.

Enwere ike inye ụdaume na ụdaume dị elu, nke a na-akpọ, nke a, nke a bụ, nke a ma ọ bụ nke a na na-akpọ circumflex, nke a.
Indubil

**Indubil** bụ okwu mkparị a na-asụ na Democratic Republic of the Congo . A hụla ya kemgbe ihe dị ka na afọ iri isii - onye na-agụ egwú Sam Mangwana kwuru na ojiji ya na okwu tupu afọ iri asaa. Indubil gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ na Lingala, mana na ọganihu ya na-aga n'ihu ọ mụtara Kindubile, asụsụ ndị ntorobịa na Katanga nke na-eji Swahili dị ka asụsụ matrix ya.

## Ihe odide
Asụsụ Losengo nke Bangi-Ntoma

Asụsụ Bangi Tangomba bụ otu n'ime **asụsụ** Bantu a na-asụ na Democratic Republic of Congo na Republic of the Congo. A na-ede ha Zone C.30 na nhazi Guthrie, ma tinye asụsụ azụmahịa Lingala, otu n'ime asụsụ mba anọ nke DRC na abụọ nke RC.

Dị ka Nurse & Philippson (2003) si kwuo, ewezuga asụsụ ndị Ngiri (na Ngondińiri) na Budza (Buja), yana asụsụ ole na ole ndị ọzọ dị ka Mongo-Nkundu, ha na-emepụta njikọ dị mma. N'iji ndepụta Guthrie, ha bụ:

* Zamba Binza: Losengo (Losengo, Loki/Boloki, Ndolo), Binza, Dzamba (Zamba)
* Bangi: Bangi, Mbompo (Mpombo), Moi, Mpama (Pama), (C20) Kuba
* Sakata
* Mongo: Sengele, Ntomba-Bolia, (C60) Mongo (Nkundo) (?[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]

Lingala na Bangala pụtara dị ka asụsụ azụmahịa, karịsịa na ntọala okwu Bangi.

## Ihe ndetu n'okpuru ala

## Edensibia

*
Asụsụ Chara

Chara (nke ọzọ bụ Ciara ma ọ bụ **Cīara**) bụ **asụsụ** Afro-Asia nke dị iche iche nke North Omotic nke mmadụ 13,000 na-asụ na Southern Nations, Nationalities, na People's Region nke Ethiopia. 

Chara dị na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Nayi, ọdịda anyanwụ Kullo, ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Mesketo na ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke Gofa. Ndị na-asụ Chara bi na South Nations, Nationalities, na Peoples Region, na mpaghara Debub Omo, n'akụkụ abụọ nke Osimiri Omo. Ndị na-asụ Chara gbasasịa n'ime obodo atọ dị na Etiopia: Geba a mesha, Buna Anta, na Kumba. Ndị na-asụ obodo nwekwara ike na-asụ Melo, Wolaytta (54% myirịta lexical na Chara) n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ, yana Kafa n'ọdịda anyanwụ.
Bangandu language

Bangando na **Ngombe** mejupụtara asụsụ Gbaya nke Cameroon na CAR.

E nwere uzọ otu abụọ: Bangando n'onwe ya (*Bàngàndò*), na Cameroon, na Ngombe (Ba(n)gando-Ngombe, *Ngombe-Kaka*) ndị gbara gburugburu Mambéré-Kadéï Prefecture gafee ókèala na Central African Republic. E nwere ọtụtụ ndị a na-akpọ Ngombe, ọ bụghịkwa ihe doro anya nke koodu ISO ụgha maka Ngombe.
N'ụwa niile, ewere  asụsụ Bangando dị ka asụsụ n'achọ ikpochapụ,  ebe ndị na asu asụsụ dị puku abụo, narị asaa ruo puku atọ na narị ise. Enwere ike inweta ọkwa ọnọdụ asụsụ site na Ethnologue Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale.

## Nkesa
A na-asụ Bangandu na njedebe ndịda nke ngalaba Boumba-et-Ngoko (Mpaghara ọwụwa Anyanwụ) na obodo Moloundou, n'okporo ụzọ isi obodo  Moloundou ruo Lokomo. A na-asụkwa Bangandu na obodo Congo. Na Cameroon na Congo, e nwere ọ dị ka puku abụo na narị asaa na asụ asụsụụ a (Voegelin & Voegelin 1977). (Bangandu, nke gọọmentị ime obodo na-akpọ *Bangantou*, ekwesịghị ka ewere n'ọbụ otu ihe dika *Bageto*, nke a na-akpọkwa Bananto, nke olumba Mpo.)

Ọdiche dika nke bụkwazị *Ngombe*, a nasụ na Central African Republic n'agbata Gamboula (n'ókè Cameroon) na Berbérati.

## Ọnọdụ mmekọrịta na asụsụ
Ndị na-asụ Bangando nọkari gburugburu mpaghara ndịda Cameroon. Asụsụ Bangando bụ asụsụ aga agunwe na ọbụ asụsụ ana amụta site na ọnọdụ ma ọbụ ihe onye na amụya na ahụ dika ndị edemede J.W. Berry, S.H Irvine na E.G. Hunt si kwuo n'akwụkwọ ha Indigenous Cognition: Functioning in Cultural Context . Mmụta asụsụ na-adabere n'ọhịa na-agụnye mkpuchi zuru oke nke onye ọ bụla n'ime obodo nke a na-asụ asụsụ ahụ. Ndị edemede J.W. Berry, S.H Irvine na E.G. Hunt gara n'ihu na  ekwukwasa na enweghị agụmakwụkwọ ndị na-asụ asụsụ obodo na-enweta iji nwee ọganihu na mpụga obodo Bangando. Akụkụ a nke obodo Bangando nwere ike ijikọta ya na asụsụ Bangando. Ọtụtụ akụkọ nke ndị na-asụ Bangando, gụnyere akụkọ nke *onye* edemede Victor Barnouw dere nke dị na akwụkwọ akụkọ American Anthropologist na-egosipụtakarị ndị na-ekwu okwu dị ka ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị na-achịkọta.

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* 
* 
* Friedrich, A., Wiese, L. V., Heims, E. M., Schubotz, H., Schultze, A., & Mildbraed, J. (1913). Site na Congo ruo Niger na Naịl: Akụkọ banyere njem njem Germany nke etiti Afrịka nke 1910-1911. London: Duckworth & Co. Hunt, E. B., Irvine, S. H., & Berry, J. W. (1988). Nkọwa nke Ụmụ Amaala: Na-arụ ọrụ n'Okpukpọ (Mpịakọta 1). E nwetara ya na February 10, 2016
*
Asụsụ Dime

Dime ma ọ bụ Dima bụ asụsụ Afro-Asiatic a na-asụ na mpaghara ugwu nke Selamago district na mpaghara ndịda mba, mba na ndị mmadụ nke Etiopia, na gburugburu Ugwu Smith. Dime kewara n'ime opekata mpe olumba abụọ, nke gụnyere Us'a na Gerfa. O nwere suffixes ikpe isii na mgbakwunye na nhọpụta na-enweghị akara. Ọ bụ suffix karịrị akarị, mana ọ na-eji prefixes maka ngosipụta na mmụgharị. N'usoro ụda olu, ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama n'etiti asụsụ Omotic maka inwe fọnịm velar na uvular fricative. Usoro okwu bụ isi bụ SOV (isiokwu–ihe – ngwaa), dịka n’asụsụ Omotic ndị ọzọ, n’ezie dịka n’asụsụ niile nke isi mpaghara Asụsụ Etiopia.

Asụsụ ahụ, yana ndị Dime n'onwe ha, a kọrọ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ha belatara na narị afọ nke 20 n'ihi predation sitere n'aka ndị agbata obi ha bụ Bodi, ha abụọ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke ịla n'iyi. Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Etiopia si kwuo, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ nke afọ 1994 kọrọ na mmadụ 6293 na-asụ asụsụ Dime na Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples' Region naanị; na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị afọ 2007, naanị ndị 574 na-asụrụ ya na Etiopia niile.  Ọzọkwa, n'ihi na asụsụ Dime ka enweghị usoro ederede ma ọ nweghị ụlọ akwụkwọ mpaghara iji kwalite ojiji nke asụsụ ahụ, ọ na-eyi egwu karịa.
Asụsụ Dirasha

Dirasha (nke a makwaara dị ka Ghidole, Diraasha, Dirayta, Gidole, Gardulla, **Dhirasha**) bụ onye otu Cushitic nke ezinụlọ Afro-Asiatic. A na-asụ ya na mpaghara Omo nke Etiopia, na ugwu ndị dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Ọdọ Mmiri Chamo, gburugburu obodo Gidole.

Ọtụtụ ndị na-ekwu okwu na-ejikwa Oromo ma ọ bụ Konso. Dị ka Wondwosen si kwuo, "Dirasha" bụ aha ndị mmadụ, a na-enyekwa aha asụsụ ahụ n'ụzọ dị iche iche dị ka "Dirashitata, Dirayta na Diraytata" (2006:3,4).

Asụsụ ahụ nwere fọnịm consonant atọ na-apụ apụ na ụda ekwentị abụọ na-enweghị atụ, dabara n'ụdị Mpaghara Asụsụ Etiopia. O nwere ụda abụọ na ụdaume ise. Ogologo oge (ma ọ bụ gemination) pụrụ iche maka ma consonants na ụdaume (Wondwosen 2006:9,10).
Penange Dogon

**Penange Dogon** bụ asụsụ Dogon a na-asụ na Mali. Ọ dị nso na Ampari. Prokhorov kọwara asụsụ  ka ọ dị iche n'afọ 2011.
Dima-Bottego language

Asụsụ ndị Dima, bụ ndị bi n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Osimiri Omo n'ebe ugwu ọdọ mmiri Turkana, dị ka Vittorio Bottego kọwara na njem ọ gara Etiopia na 1897. A na-eji naanị ọnụọgụ ole na ole mara ya, bụ ndị na-adịghị ka asụsụ ọzọ. .

## Ihe ọmụma
A na-edekọ ọnụọgụ Dima 1 Xia 10.

: 1 *ekkā*
: 2 *ekkinā*
: 3 *dāsā*
: 4 *Ihe osise*
: 5 *Osā*
: 6 *osəkər*
: 7 *fāṣā*
: 8 *orongo*
: 9 *kēriri*
: 10 Kēpēs
Dizin language

Dizin (nke a na-akpọkarị "Dizi" ma ọ bụ "Maji" n'akwụkwọ akụkọ) bụ asụsụ Omotic nke ezinụlọ Afro-Asiatic nke ndị Dizi na-asụ, nke kachasị na mpaghara Maji nke South Nations, Nationalities na Peoples Region, nke dị na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ. Etiopia. Ọnụọgụ 2007 depụtara ndị na-ekwu okwu 33,927. Achọpụtara ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ 17,583 dị ka ndị na-asụ otu asụsụ na 1994

Dizin (nke a na-akpọkarị "Dizi" ma ọ bụ "Maji" n'akwụkwọ akụkọ) bụ asụsụ Omotic nke ezinụlọ Afro-Asiatic nke ndị Dizi na-asụ, nke kachasị na mpaghara Maji nke South Nations, Nationalities na Peoples Region, nke dị na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ. Etiopia. Ọnụọgụ 2007 depụtara ndị na-ekwu okwu 33,927. Achọpụtara ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ 17,583 dị ka ndị na-asụ otu asụsụ na 1994

Dizin, yana asụsụ Sheko na Nayi, bụ akụkụ nke ụyọkọ asụsụ dị iche iche a na-akpọ "Maji" ma ọ bụ "Dizoid".
Asụsụ Senara

Burkina Faso 

(210,000 e zoro aka na ya 1995-2010)

Niger-Congo? 

Atlantic-Congo

. Senufo

. Senari

. Senara

Koodu

Nke o bula

Seq- Sentra

shz-syenara (koodu oyiri) 

sena1262

syen1235

ịdebe akwụkwọ 

Akwụkwọ akụkọ 

Senara (Niangolo), otu n'ime ụyọkọ asụsụ a na-akpọ Senari, bụ asụsụ Senufo nke Burkina Faso na Mali.

(Niangolo), otu n'ime ụyọkọ asụsụ a na-akpọ **Senari**, bụ asụsụ Senufo nke Burkina Faso na Mali.

## Usoro edemede

## Ntụaka
Asusu Songhay

Asụsụ Songhay, **Songhai** ma ọ bụ **Ayneha** ( [soŋaj] ma ọ bụ ) bụ otu asụsụ / olumba ndị nwere njikọ chiri anya nke dị n'etiti Osimiri Niger na mba ndị dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Afrịka nke Mali, Niger, Benin, Burkina Faso na Nigeria. Karịsịa, a na-asụ ha n'obodo ndi di naTimbuktu, Niamey na Gao. A na-eji ha eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka *asụsụ* franca na mpaghara ahụ kemgbe oge Alaeze Ukwu Songhai. Na Mali, gọọmentị anabatala olumba Gao ( ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Timbuktu) dị ka olumba a ga-eji dị ka usoro agụmakwụkwọ praịmarị.

E nwere uri na akwụkwọ ozi ole na ole e dere na Songhay ma dee ya na edemede Arabic na Timbuktu. Otú ọ dị, a na-ede Songhay ugbu a na edemede Latin.