L.A. Rebellion

Otu ihe nkiri **LA Rebellion**, nke a na-akpọ mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka " **Los Angeles School of Black Filmmakers** ", ma ọ bụ **UCLA Rebellion**, na-ezo aka n'ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Africa na ndị America America bụ ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ na UCLA Film School na njedebe-1960. ruo ngwụcha-1980 wee mepụta sinima ojii nke na-enye ihe ọzọ na sinima Hollywood oge gboo .     

## ndabere
N'ọnwa Jun 1953, Ike Jones ghọrọ onye America mbụ n'Africa ga-agụsị akwụkwọ na UCLA Film School.  N'ime afọ 15 sochirinụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-eme fim Africa-America ka dị ntakịrị. Otu n'ime ndị ahụ bụ Vantile Whitfield, onye tọrọ ntọala Performing Arts Society of Los Angeles na 1964  wee nweta akara ugo mmụta nna ukwu na UCLA na 1967.  Ka ọ na-erule ngwụsị 1960s, n'etiti ọrụ nkwenye, ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụ akwụkwọ ojii na-abawanye nwayọọ nwayọọ. N'ime ihe ọkụkụ ọhụrụ a nke ndị na-ese ihe bụ Charles Burnett, nwa akwụkwọ injinia nke gara Los Angeles City College, na Haile Gerima, onye na-ese ihe nkiri Etiopia nke si na Chicago kwaga n'oge na-adịbeghị anya. N'adịghị ka ndị bu ha ụzọ, ha jụrụ mgbakọ Hollywood ma ihe nkiri sitere na Latin America, Italian neorealism, ihe nkiri nkà Europe, na cinema Africa na-apụta na-emetụta ya. Ha so na ndị mbụ n'ime ihe a bịara mara dị ka "Los Angeles School of Black Filmmakers."  

Na nsonye nke Watts Riots na ụdị ọgba aghara ndị ọzọ, dị ka 1969 ịgbapụ na ogige UCLA metụtara Ron Karenga 's US Organisation, Burnett na ọtụtụ ụmụ akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ nwere agba nyere aka kwalite mahadum ịmalite mmemme ọmụmụ agbụrụ . .  Elyseo J. Taylor, onye bụ naanị onye nkuzi ojii na UCLA Film School na mmalite 1970s, bụ onye nkuzi nwere mmetụta na mmemme ahụ. 

Teshome Gabriel, onye ọkà mmụta ihe nkiri na onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme, malitere izi ihe na UCLA na 1974 wee ghọọ ma onye ọrụ ibe na onye ndụmọdụ nye ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe nkiri jikọtara ya na mmegharị ahụ. 

## Nchọpụta mmegharị
Ọkà mmụta ihe nkiri bụ́ Clyde Taylor chepụtara okwu a bụ “LA Rebellion” iji kọwaa ndị na-eme ihe nkiri. 

N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1997, Doc Films, otu ụmụ akwụkwọ na-eme ihe nkiri nke dabeere na Mahadum Chicago, kwadoro otu n'ime ihe nkiri mbụ nke LA Rebellion. Jacqueline Stewart, onye prọfesọ na-arụkọ ọrụ na mahadum, nyere aka ịhazi usoro ihe omume ahụ. Usoro a gụnyere ọrụ Charles Burnett, Haile Gerima na Julie Dash . 

Na Fall 2011, UCLA Film and Television Archive mere ka a isi azụ azụ nke ihe nkiri ndị a isiokwu, "LA nnupụisi: Ịmepụta a New Black Cinema." Ndị Getty Foundation kwadoro usoro a dịka akụkụ nke *Pacific Standard Time: Art na LA 1945-1980* .   Tupu mmemme ahụ, ndị otu UCLA curatorial na-eduzi akụkọ banyere ọnụ, na-achọpụta ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị na-ese ihe nkiri iri ise, ndị ọtụtụ n'ime ha nọgidere bụrụ ndị a na-adịghị ahụ anya kemgbe ọtụtụ iri afọ. A na-achịkọta akwụkwọ na ihe nkiri nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na-echekwa ọtụtụ ihe nkiri tupu ha enyocha ya. E bipụtakwara katalọgụ, "L. A. Nnupụisi: Ịmepụta Cinema Black New (Los Angeles, 2011), bụ nke sonyeere mmemme nlegharị anya site n'ihe karịrị obodo iri na ise na North America na Europe.

## Ndepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ dị mkpa nke mmegharị nnupụisi LA

### Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri
Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na-ese ihe nkiri edepụtara n'okpuru ebe a, ebe a maara nke ọma dị ka onye edemede / ndị nduzi, na-arụ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ọrụ na mmepụta ihe nkiri dị iche iche site na ọrụ mbụ ha.
 

### Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri
Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri pụtara na ihe nkiri LA Rebellion dị iche iche ma na-ejikọta ya na mmegharị ahụ ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ:
 

### Ndị ọzọ
Ndị a akwadola ọrụ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri LA Rebellion dị ka ndị ndụmọdụ na/ma ọ bụ ndị ọkà mmụta:

* Clyde Taylor, onye nkatọ ihe nkiri, chepụtara nkebi ahịrịokwu ahụ "LA Rebellion" iji kọwaa mmegharị a
* Elyseo J. Taylor, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye nkuzi na UCLA 
* Vantile Whitfield, onye mbụ African-American UCLA Film School gụsịrị akwụkwọ na onye guzobere Performing Arts Society of Los Angeles (PASLA) 
* Teshome Gabriel, ọkà mmụta ihe nkiri na Prọfesọ na UCLA 
* Ntongela Masilela, ọkà mmụta ihe nkiri
* Jacqueline Najuma Stewart, ọkà mmụta ihe nkiri na Prọfesọ Prọfesọ na Mahadum Northwwest
* Allyson Nadia Field, Prọfesọ Prọfesọ nke Cinema na Media Studies na African American Studies na UCLA
* Jan-Christopher Horak, onye isi nke UCLA Film & Television Archive

## Ndepụta ihe nkiri LA nnupụisi ama ama
Ihe na-esonụ bụ ndepụta oge ihe nkiri dị mkpụmkpụ na ogologo ogologo sitere na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri LA Rebellion nke a na-ewerekarị dị ka seminal ma ọ bụ ama ama.

* *Ọtụtụ ndị enyi* (1969)  
* *Ezinụlọ Naanị Nne Na-azụma: Foto dị na Black* (1976)
* *Emma Mae* (1976)
* *Owuwe ihe ubi: afọ 3,000* (1976)
* *Na-agafe* (1977)
* *Onye na-egbu atụrụ* (1978) 
* *Bush Mama* (1979)  
* *Ụlọ mkpọrọ* (1979)
* *Ememe mmiri #1: Ememe Ime Ọcha nke Obodo* (1979)
* *Ụmụ Gị Alọghachikwute Gị* (1979)
* *[[Ọkụ na Embers|Ashes na Embers]]* (1982) 
* *Foto dị iche* (1982)
* *Echiche efu* (1982) 
* *Gọzie obere obi ha* (1984)
* *Usoro* (1989)
* *Iji iwe hie ụra* (1990) 
* *Ụmụ nwanyị nke Uzuzu* (1991) 
* *[[Sankofa (ihe nkiri)|Sankofa]]* (1993) 
* *The Glass Shield* (1994) 
* *[[Adwa (film)|Adwa]]* (1999)
* *Nkwụghachi* (2000)

## Mmetụta na ihe nketa
Akwụkwọ akụkọ, *Mmụọ nke Nnupụisi: Black Cinema na UCLA,* na-akọwa ajụjụ ọnụ nke ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe nkiri jikọtara ya na mmegharị ahụ. Zeinabu irene Davis na-eduzi ya, a na-enyocha ya dị ka ọrụ na-aga n'ihu na Saturday, October 8, 2011 dị ka akụkụ nke "LA Rebellion: Ịmepụta Cinema Black New."  

Ihe nkiri LA Rebellion nke ewebatala na ndekọ ihe nkiri nke mba : *Killer of Sheep* (1990), *Daughters of the Dust* (2004), *[[Billy Woodberry|Gọzie obere obi ha]]* (2013) na *ịra ụra na iwe* (2017).

Nnupụisi LA gara n'ihu na-emetụta akụkụ nke egwu ojii nke oge a n'ofe obodo ahụ. Na 2009, onye na-ewu ewu na Brooklyn-amụrụ rapper na onye na-akwado Yasiin Bey, wepụtara otu album aha ya bụ, *The Ecstatic* . Foto mkpuchi album nke Ecstatic bụ onyonyo ka ewepụtara ozugbo site na ogbugba na Charles Burnett's *Killer of Sheep* mana ejiri nzacha odo odo kpuchie ya. Mos Def akpọwo *Killer of Sheep* dị ka otu n'ime ihe nkiri kachasị amasị ya na N'ajụjụ ọnụ Pitchfork . 

## Hụkwa

* Ụlọ ihe nkiri Africa
* Ịrụ arụrụala
* Ụlọ ihe nkiri Cuban
* Ochie kpochapụwo
* Ụlọ ihe nkiri ihe nkiri Europe
* French New Wave
* Ịtali neorealism
* sinima Latin America
* Hollywood ọhụrụ

## Ntụaka
akara ugo mmụta nna ukwu na UCLA na 1967.  Ka ọ na-erule ngwụsị 1960s, n'etiti ọrụ nkwenye, ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụ akwụkwọ ojii na-abawanye nwayọọ nwayọọ. N'imenkiri nke dabeere na Mahadum Chicago, kwadoro otu n'ime ihe nkiri mbụ nke LA Rebellion. Jacqueline Stewart, onye prọfesọ na-arụkọ ọrụ na mahadum, nyere aka ịhazi

## Njikọ mpụga

* Trailer nke ''mmụọ nke nnupụisi'' na YouTube
* Nnupụisi LA: Ịmepụta Cinema ojii ọhụrụ
* ''Ndị mmụọ nke nnupụisi'' webụsaịtị gọọmentị

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* Ubi, Allyson Nadia; Horak, Jan-Christopher; Stewart, Jacqueline Najuma, ed. (2015). *Nnupụisi LA:* Ịmepụta Cinema ojii ọhụrụ. Oakland, California: Mahadum California Press.
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations