Mel Edwards

**Melvin “Mel” Edwards** (amụrụ Mee 4, 1937)   bụ onye omenkà America, onye nkuzi na onye na -akpụ ọla nchara . Ọzọkwa, ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ịse na mbipụta . Ihe osise ya nwere ọdịnaya ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-ekwukarị akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Africa-American, yana nyocha nke isiokwu n'ime ịgba ohu.   A na-ahụ anya ọrụ ya bụ iji ụdị triangular nwere ihu kwụ ọtọ na nke rectilinear na ọla. Ọ bi n'etiti Upstate New York na na Plainfield, New Jersey . 

O nweela ihe ngosi ihe ngosi ihe karịrị iri na abuo otu onye ma nọrọkwa na ihe ngosi otu iri na abuo. Edwards enweela ihe ngosi solo na Whitney Museum of American Art na New York City, Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA), na New Jersey State Museum, Trenton, New Jersey .

## Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
Melvin Eugene Edwards, Jr., mụrụ na Mee 4, 1937, na Houston, Texas, nye Thelmarie Edwards na Melvin Edwards Sr,  ma bụrụ ọkpara n'ime ụmụ anọ nne na nna ya mụrụ.  Nna ya rụrụ ọrụ maka Houston Lighting &amp;amp; Power na ndị mụrụ ya gbara alụkwaghịm na nwata.  A zụlitere ya na Dayton, Ohio, afọ ise, mana mgbe ọ dị n'etiti ụlọ akwụkwọ, ezinụlọ ahụ laghachiri na Houston,   ebe Edwards tolitere n'oge nkewa agbụrụ . Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị EO Smith Junior na Phillis Wheatley High School .   Ọ bụ onye okike site na nwata ma ndị mụrụ ya gbara ya ume na nna ya na-arụ ọrụ mbụ ya mgbe ọ dị afọ 14.  Onye nkuzi ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị webatara Edwards ka ọ bụrụ nka .  Mgbe ọ na-aga ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, Edwards malitere ịga klas nka na Museum of Fine Arts, Houston . 

N'afọ 1955, ọ kwagara n'ebe ndịda California ịga mụọ akwụkwọ na kọleji Los Angeles City .  Edwards bufere ụlọ akwụkwọ ka ọ mụọ nka na ịgba bọọlụ na Mahadum Southern California (USC), ebe ọ nwetara nzere BFA na 1965.    Mgbe ọ na-aga USC, Edwards weere usoro akụkọ ihe mere eme nke gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ n'echiche nke Europe, nke kpasuru ya iwe ma kpalie ya ịmụtakwu banyere akụkọ ntolite Africa. Nke a kpaliri njem ọ gara Africa ka afọ ise gachara. 

Ọ gara Los Angeles County Art Institute (nke a maara dị ka Otis College of Art and Design ) n'oge ezumike site na USC iji soro Renzo Fenci mụọ ihe ọkpụkpụ.  Na mgbakwunye, Edwards bụ onye onye Hungarian-American onye na-ese ihe bụ Francis de Erdely, ma mụọ n'okpuru Hal Gebhardt, Hans Burkhardt, na Edward Ewing.   

## Nkuzi
Na 1965, ọ gara n'ihu na-akụzi na Chouinard Art Institute (nke a maara ugbu a dị ka California Institute of Arts ) ruo 1967.  Ọ kwagara New York City na 1967.  Ọzọkwa ọ kuziri na Orange County Community College na New York (1967–1969), na Mahadum Connecticut (1970–1972).  

Na 1972, ọ malitere ịkụzi klaasị nka na Mahadum Livingston nke Mahadum Rutgers (nke bụ akụkụ nke Rutgers School of Arts and Sciences ugbu a).  Site na 1980, ọ bụ onye prọfesọ zuru oke na nkuzi na Mason Gross School of Creative and Performing Arts na Mahadum Rutgers .  N'afọ 2002, ọ lara ezumike nká na nkuzi.

## Ọrụ nka
Emere ihe ngosi mbụ ya nke otu onye na 1965 na Santa Barbara Museum of Art na Santa Barbara, California.  Edwards zoro aka na egwu jazz dị ka mmetụta na ọrụ ya. 

N'afọ 1969, Edwards zutere onye na-ese ihe bụ Frank Bowling, onye na-ese ihe na-ekerịta mmasị ya n'ịme nka nke bụ isi ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe, ọnọdụ nke ga-abụ nke a na-asọ mpi dị ka ndị otu omenala na nka nke ojii na-akpọ oku ka ọ rụọ ọrụ dị ka saịtị nke ikike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. . Bowling rụrụ ọrụ zoro aka na Edwards, akpọrọ *Mel Edwards Decides (1968)* . 

Na 1970, Edwards mere njem nke mbụ ya na Africa, na-eleta mba ndị dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Africa nke Nigeria, Togo, Benin, na Ghana.  Njem a metụtara ọrụ ya, na nleta ndị ọzọ na Africa sochiri ya kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ.  N'ime 1970s, ọ sonyere na oghere nka obodo akpọrọ Communications Village, nke onye na-ebi akwụkwọ Benjamin Leroy Wigfall na-arụ na Kingston, NY . Andrews mere mbipụta site n'enyemaka nke ndị na-enyere ndị na-ebi akwụkwọ bụ ndị Wigfall kụziiri ka e si ebi akwụkwọ, na Edwards gosipụtara ebe ahụ. 

## Ọrụ

### Ụlọ anwụrụ ọkụ (1968-1970)
Smokehouse (nke a makwaara dị ka Smokehouse Associates, Smokehouse Collective, Smokehouse Painters) bụ atụmatụ "mgbidi eserese" nke obodo New York, nke Melvin Edwards na William T. Williams kere n'akụkụ ya, sitere na 1968 ruo 1970.   The oru ngo dị ka a na-elekọta mmadụ nnwale na-ajụ ajụjụ a: "nwere ike abstraction dozie mmadụ ikpe ziri ezi?"  Ihe osise mgbidi ahụ nwere eserese ndị siri ike na ụkpụrụ geometric,  na-eme n'etiti 120th Street na 125th Street nke Harlem . A mụrụ oru a site n'ịtụgharị uche n'otú ọdịnala narị afọ nke 19 nke ikpokọta ụlọ si metụta psyche mmadụ na Edwards kwenyere na a ga-enwe mmekọrịta siri ike n'etiti ebe obibi na ndụ ndị mmadụ. O kwuru nke a na N'ajụjụ ọnụ na *Soul of a National Symposium* na 2018, na-ekwu, sị: "Ọ bụrụ na ị gbanwee ebe, ị nwere ike ịgbanwe ndụ ndị mmadụ."  Edwards chọrọ ka ọha na eze sonye n'ụzọ obodo na-emepe emepe. N'ime ọrụ ọ bụla, Smokehouse ga-ewe onye agadi nọ n'ime obodo yana onye na-eto eto. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Ihe ngosi
Edwards esonyela n'ọtụtụ ihe ngosi solo na United States na mba ụwa. Ihe ngosi solo ya gụnyere *Melvin Edwards* (1965), Santa Barbara Museum of Art, California ; *Melvin Edwards: Ọkpụkpụ* (1978), Studio Museum na Harlem, New York ; *Ihe oyiyi nke Melvin Edwards*, Ụlọ ihe nkiri, New York ; *Mel Edwards: Lynch Fragment Series* (1985), Robeson Gallery, Mahadum Rutgers, New Brunswick, New Jersey ; na *Melvin Edwards* (2022), Dia Beacon, Beacon, New York . 

Emere afọ 30 na-atụgharị ihe ọkpụkpụ ya na 1993 na Neuberger Museum of Art, Purchase, New York, na afọ 50 nke aha ya bụ *Melvin Edwards: A na-eme afọ iri ise* na 2015 na Nasher Sculpture Center, Dallas .     *Melvin Edwards: Crossroads*, ihe ngosi nke ihe osise 23 na nrụnye, na-enyocha njikọ ọdịnala na ọrụ onye na-ese ihe, gosipụtara na Baltimore Museum of Art site na Septemba 29, 2019 ruo Jenụwarị 12, 2020.  

Ọ sonyela na ọtụtụ ihe ngosi otu, gụnyere 56th Venice Biennale (2015), Havana Biennial (2019), na *Afro-Atlantic Histories* (2018, 2021 – 2022). 

## Ndụ onwe onye
Edwards lụrụ na 1960 na Karen Hamre; ha mụrụ ụmụ atọ ọnụ.  Na 1969, di na nwunye ahụ kewara; Hamre na ụmụaka ahụ nọrọ na Los Angeles ebe Edwards akwagalarị New York City . 

Na 1976, Edwards lụrụ onye na-ede uri Jayne Cortez .  Cortez na Edwards rụkọrọ ọrụ ọnụ: o gosipụtara akwụkwọ mbụ ya *Pissstained Stairs and the Monkey Man's Wares* (1969), o wee dee usoro uri iji soro ọrụ di ya *Lynch Fragments* .  

Ụlọ ihe nkiri nka ya dị na mgbago ugwu New York na na Plainfield, New Jersey, ọ na-agakarịkwa na Dakar, Senegal . 

## Ihe nrite na nkwanye ugwu

* 1975 - enyere onyinye Guggenheim Fellowship . 
* 1984 - onyinye sitere na National Endowment for Arts (NEA). 
* 1988 - Mmekọrịta Fulbright na Zimbabwe site na 1988-1989. 
* 1992 - ahọpụtara na National Academy of Design dị ka onye mmekọ, wee bụrụ onye mmụta zuru oke na 1994.
* 2000 – Mmemme obibi ndị nka nka ụlọ nyocha, Dieu Donné, Brooklyn, New York 
* Ọ nwetara nzere Doctorate nke Fine Arts site na Massachusetts College of Art and Design (MassArt) na 2014. 
* Ọ bụ isiokwu nke ihe nkiri 2016 akwụkwọ akụkọ Lydie Diakhaté, nke isiokwu ya bụ *Ụfọdụ Bright Morning: The Art of Melvin Edwards* . 

## Ọrụ ndị a ma ama na mkpokọta ọha
 

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta nke ndị na-ese ihe nkiri Africa-American

## Ntụaka
oge Symbolist .  N'oge dị iche iche, ọ bụ onye na-ese akwụkwọ, na ndị ọzọ bụ onye kere ihe osise - nke ọ gụrụ n'okpuru Charles Grafly na Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts . Ọ bụ ezie na o kwuru na ya apụghị ọkachamara na ụdị African-American, Fuller ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị kasị dị irè na-ede akụkọ banyere nwa ojii na Unitedoge Symbolist .  N'oge dị iche iche, ọ bụ onye na-ese akwụkwọ, na ndị ọzọ bụ onye kere ihe osise - nke ọ gụrụ n'okpuru Charles Grafly na Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts . Ọ bụ ezie na o kwuru na ya apụghị ọkachamara na ụdị African-American, Fuller ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị kasị dị irè na-ede akụkọ banyere nwa ojii na United

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Melvin Edwards.
* Carol Kino, "Ịchọpụtaghachi Onye Aghọtara", *New York Times*, Ọktoba 17, 2012.
* Michael Brenson, "Melvin Edwards", *akwụkwọ akụkọ BOMB* – Ndị nka na mkparịta ụka, Nọvemba 24, 2014.
* Catherine Craft, "Mkparịta ụka ya na Melvin Edwards", Nasher Sculpture Center.
* "NO. 170: Melvin Edwards, Gohar Dashti", Pọdkastị ndetu nka nke oge a.
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations