open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Asụsụ Mariveleño

Mariveleño (a makwaara dị ka Magbikin,[1] Bataan Ayta, ma ọ bụ Magbukun Ayta) bụ asụsụ Sambalic.  O nwere ihe dị ka ndị na-ekwu okwu 500 (Wurm 2000) ma na-asụ ya n'ime obodo Aeta na Mariveles na Philippines..

## Ebe a na-ekesa ya
Reid (1994) [1] na-akọ ebe ndị a na-esonụ na Magbikin.

* Kanáwon, Morong, Bataan
* Bayanbayanan, Magbikin, Mariveles, Bataan

Himes (2012: 491) [1] chịkọtakwara data Magbukun site na ebe abụọ nke:

* Biaan, Mariveles, Bataan
* Kanawan, Morong, Bataan

Cabanding (2014), na-ekwu maka Neil (2012), na-akọ ebe ndị a na-esonụ na Magbukon Province..

* Dangcol, Balanga, Bataan
* Kinaragan, Limay, Bataan
* Kanawan, Morong, Bataan
* Pita, Bayan-bayanan na Orion, Bataan
* Pag-asa, Orani, Bataan
* Ulingan, Matanglaw, na Magduhat (ha niile dị na Bagac, Bataan) 
* Ebe Luoban dị na Samal, Bataan
* Bangkal na Abucay, Bataan

## Hụkwa

* Asụsụ nke Philippines

## Ihe odide

* Onye na-agba ịnyịnya, Monica. 2014. Ihe ngosi Deictic nke Ayta Magbukun. The Philippines ESL Journal, Mpịakọta. 13.   ISSN&nbsp;1718-2298
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] *Nnyocha ethnographic nke Magbukon literary arts n'etiti Ayta nke Bataan*. Abucay, Bataan: Bataan Peninsula State University.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Magbukon Literary Arts n'etiti ndị Aetas nke Bataan, Philippines. *IAMURE International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research*, Vol. 11 Nke 1 Ọktoba 2014.   ISSN 2244-0429 (Online) &nbsp;

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* 
* 
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Asụsụ nke Sierra de Mariveles Negritos.  (University of California Publications in Linguistics, 4.2.) Berkeley/Los Angeles: Berkeley na Los Angeles: University of California Press. 109 peeji nke
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] (2016). "Bataan Ayta". *Glottolog 2.7*. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
* 
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Negritos nke Zambales.  (Ethnological Survey Publications, 2 (1).) Manila: Ụlọ ọrụ obibi akwụkwọ ọha. 100 peeji nke
* 
* 
* 
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ueber nwụrụ Negritos na den Philippinen. Zeitschrift für Ethnologie XII. 133-172.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] (1986). Asụsụ nke ugwu Zambales: A Philippine lexicostatistic study. Na Mahadum nke North Dakota Session, 133-142. Grand Forks, North Dakota: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
Asụsụ Ngen

Ngen, ma ọ bụ Shark Bay, bụ otu n'ime asụsụ asụsụ Santo East.  A na-asụ ya na Espiritu Santo na Vanuatu.  Ọ nwere ihe dị ka 450 ọkà okwu.  Ọ dị nso na Lorediakarkar.

## Ihe odide
Asụsụ Orang Kanaq

Orang Kanaq bụ otu n'ime Asụsụ Malay, nke a chị ndu n'okpuru Asụsụ Austronesian.[1]  Ọ bụ ndị Orang Kanaq, otu n'ime mịdi na-ahụ Orang Asli na Peninsular Malaysia na-asụ ya.  E gosiri na ahụ adịkwaghịrị afọ 1950 dị ka UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages ​​in Danger si kwuo.

Ụdị Malay, Orang Kanaq dị iche na olumba ndị mmepụta Malay bi nso na ha na-asụ.[1]  Ndị niile nọ n'ebo Orang Kanaq na- xad ahụ;  Otú ọ dị, malay emetụta akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu n'ụzọ dị ukwuu.

## Hụkwa

* Orang Asli
* Asụsụ Austronesian
* Asụsụ Malay
* Asụsụ ndị Aborigine Malay
* Ndepụta asụsụ ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ n'Eshia

## Ihe odide

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] *Orang Kanaq nke ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Johor: a preliminary ethnography* (No. 7). Ngalaba Social Anthropology, School of Comparative Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
* bin Abdul, Omar 1985. "The Diversified Economy of the Orang Kanaq of Southeastern Johor, Malaysia". Onyinye na Southeast Asian Ethnography 4: 31-74.
Asụsụ Orang Seletar

Oranges Seletar (Slitar) bụ akara nke Orang Laut nke ụbọchị oké osimiri ndị nke Malay Peninsula .  Ọ dị nso na Malay, a ịgụ ya dị ka olumba nke ahụ.[1]  A maghị ọnụ ndị na-asụ, mana o gbu ka ọ dị puku ole na ole.  UNESCO na-ewere ahụ dị ka ihe na-eyi egwu.

## Ihe odide

## Ebe e si nweta ya
Asụsụ Dani-Kwerba

**Asụsụ Dani–Kwerba** bụ ezinụlọ a na-eche n'echiche nke Arthur Capell tụpụtara na 1962  wee nakwere Stephen Wurm dịka akụkụ nke Trans–New Guinea (TNG) phylum.  Malcolm Ross ekenyegharịrị asụsụ Dani na njikọ West Trans–New Guinea yana asụsụ Kwerba nye ezinụlọ ya Tor–Kwerba, na mpụga TNG kpam kpam.

## Ntụaka
njikọ West Trans–
Asụsụ Batak (Philippines)

Batak bụ asụsụ Austronesia nke ndị Batak na-asụ na agwaetiti Palawan na Philippines.  A na-ewepụ ya mgbe ụfọdụ site na asụsụ Batak dị ka Palawan Batak. 

A na-asụ Batak n'obodo Babuyan, Maoyon, Tanabag, Langogan, Tagnipa, Caramay, na Buayan.   Asụsụ ndị gbara gburugburu South Tagbanwa, Central Tagbanwa (Kuyonon, na Agutaynen).[1]

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

## Ihe odide
Asụsụ Eipo

**Eipo** (Eipomek), ma ọ bụ **Lik**, bụ asụsụ Mek nke ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Eipumek District, Pegunungan Bintang Regency, Highland Papua . Ndị Eipo bi n'akụkụ osimiri Eipo na-asụ ya. A na-ekekọrịta ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke okwu ya na Una na Tanime, ha na-etolitekwa otu mpaghara olumba. [ 2 ]

## Nhazi
Eipo so na mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ nke asụsụ Mek, nke bụ ezinụlọ nke asụsụ nwere njikọ chiri anya nke nwere nnukwu mkpokọta asụsụ Trans-New Guinea .

## Nkesa ala
Ihe dị ka puku mmadụ atọ na-asụ asụsụ Eipo n'akụkụ osimiri Eipo dị na ndagwurugwu Eipomek, nke dị na ugwu ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Highland Papua . 

## fonology

### Consonants
Eipo gosipụtara consonants 16 ndị a: [ 3 ]

* /p/ na-egosi akara labialized [pʷɵ]. [ 4 ]
* /c/ na-egosi palatalized [tʲ]. [ 4 ]

Eipo nwere ụdaume ụda olu ise: [ 3 ]

A naghị ewere diphthong dị ka fọnịm iche iche. [ 3 ]

## Ụtọ asụsụ

### Ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ
Eipo na-ekewakarị asụsụ, mana ọ na-egosipụta usoro agglutination sara mbara na nhazi ngwaa.

### Syntax
Usoro okwu Eipo na-emebu bụ isiokwu-ihe-ngwaa (SOV).

## Deictics
Eipo nwere nanị ihe anọ bụ isi gbasara oghere deictics, nke a na-esonyere ya na mmegharị aka, ebe ọ bụ na a na-eji deictics eme ihe n'oge nkwurịta okwu ihu na ihu na-ezo aka n'ọnọdụ ndị metụtara onye ahụ.  : 119 

* *a -* 'ebea'
* *ee* -'ruo ebe ahu'
* *ou-, u-* 'ala ebe ahu'
* *ma ọ bụ-, er-* 'gafere ebe ahụ' ('ofefe-ndagwurugwu')

## Ndị na-ajụ ajụjụ
Eipo nwere ọtụtụ ajụjụ ọnụ:  : 95 

* *yate* 'gịnị?, kedu?, kedu udi?'
** *yate anye* 'onye?'
** *yate rie* ' why? (maka gịnị)'
** *gini mere* ? (Kedu ihe kpatara)'
** *yate-barye* 'n'ihi gịnị?'
** *yate-sum* 'mgbe? (Kedu ụbọchị / oge)'

* *dan-* 'ebee?, ebee ka, ebee'
** *dan-segum* ' kedu ebe? (obere ebe)'
** *dan-tam* ("ebe akụkụ") 'ebee, ebee, ebe'
** *dan-ak* ("ebe nọ") 'ebee, ebee, ebe'

## Usoro edemede
Eipo abụghị asụsụ edere n'akụkọ ihe mere eme, mana n'ime iri afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya echepụtala mkpụrụedemede Latin maka ya. Ụkpụrụ mkpụrụedemede bụ nke kachasị nke mkpụrụedemede IPA enyere n'elu, ewezuga  ⟨ ⟩,  ⟨ ⟩,  ⟨ ⟩, na  ⟨ ⟩ .

## Ntụaka
Malay na asụsụ Sulawesi ndị ọzọ gosiri na a na-asụ na HalmaheraMantra, nke dị iche na nke
Asụsụ Masimasi

Masimasi bụ Asụsụ Austronesian asụsụ nke nta ka ọ ghara ịgụ na nkọwa dị n'oge oké osimiri nke Indonesia_province)" id="mwDA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Papua (Indonesian lardin)">Papua, Indonesia.

## Hụkwa

* Asụsụ Sarmi maka iji ya tụnyere asụsụ ndị yiri ya

## Ihe odide
Asụsụ Ngatikese

Ngatikese, ma ọ bụ Sapwuahfik, bụ Asụsụ Micronesia sitere na Sapwuahfik atoll, Federated States of Micronesia .  [1] N'ime ndị 700 na-asụ Ngatikese, naanị ihe dị ka 450 bi na Sapwuahfik.[2]  A na-ewere ya n'oge gara aga dị ka olumba dị iche iche nke Pohnpeian, mana e mechara njide ya ka ahụmahụ na ha bụ naanị ụfọdụ nke ibe ha.  A na-ewere ya ugbu a dị ka ihe na-adịghị ike, ebe ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na-ekwu ya ejirila ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ gaa na Pohnpeian..

Ngatikese nwere ụmụ nwoke. 

## Ihe odide


## Njikọ mpụga

* Kaipuleohone nwere nchịkọta Rentz, nke gụnyere
Asụsụ Vurës

[thumb| Ọkà okwu Vurës, e dekọrọ na [Vanuatu .]]
**Vurës** (Vureas, Vures) bụ asụsụ Oceanic a na-asụ na mpaghara ndịda Vanua Lava Island, na agwaetiti Banks nke ugwu Vanuatu, nke ndị na-asụ ihe dị ka 2000 na-asụ. [ 2 ]

Ọka mmụta asụsụ Catriona Malau kọwara Vurës, n'ụdị ụtọ asụsụ [ 2 ] na akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu. [ 3 ]

## Aha
Aha *Vurës*  a na-akpọ aha mmiri mmiri dị na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Vanua Lava n'asụsụ ahụ n'onwe ya. Na Mota, a na-akpọ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị ka *Vureas*  . Cognates n'asụsụ Torres-Bank ndị ọzọ gụnyere Mwotlap *Vuyes*  na Mwesen *Vures*  . Ndị a sitere na ụdị Proto-Torres–Bank arụgharịrị arụgharịrị ** βureas(i,u)*, nwere ụdaume ikpeazụ na-amaghị ama.

## Dialectology
Vurës na-egosi myirịta zuru oke na asụsụ agbata obi Mwesen na a na-ewere ha abụọ mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka olumba nke otu asụsụ, mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ *Mosina* (mgbe aha obodo Mwesen n'asụsụ Mota ). Na n'ezie, ọmụmụ glottometric nke afọ 2018 gbakọrọ na Vurës na Mwesen na-ekerịta 85% nke ihe ọhụrụ akụkọ ihe mere eme ha, na-ekpughe ogologo akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmepe nkekọrịta n'etiti nkuzi abụọ a. 

Agbanyeghị, ọmụmụ egosila na Mwesen na Vurës nwere ọdịiche dị iche iche, dịka na sistemụ ụdaume ha, [ 5 ] n'akwụkwọ aha ha, [ 6 ] n'okwu nnọchiaha ha [ 7 ] [ 8 ] - ezuru ka e were ya dị iche.

## fonology

### Consonants

*  is also heard as a tap [ɾ] in free variation.
* A glottal stop  only rarely occurs in some words.
*  is heard as [p̚] before a voiceless stop.
*  is heard as [k͡p] when preceding another consonant.
* Stop sounds  are aspirated [t̪ʰ kʰ] before vowels.[9]

*  is only a marginal sound that occurs in a small amount of words, mostly borrowings.[9]
* The vowel inventory also includes a diphthong  ⟨ia⟩.[12]

## Ihe atụ ederede

'

## Ntụaka

### Nkọwapụta

### Akwụkwọ akụkọ
ọdịiche dị iche iche, dịka na sistemụ ụdaume ha, [ 5 o um. Na sēs qēt o um, nana le o ralēt, na tuwegev. No mö tuwegev kal qēt, nana bun kēl

## Njikọ mpụga
 

* ''Vurës—Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Bekee'', nke Catriona Malau dere.
* Edekọ ọdịyo n'asụsụ Vurës, na ohere mepere emepe, nke A. François ( *Pangloss Collection*, CNRS ) .
Asụsụ Ratagnon

Ratagnon (nke a dị ka Latagnon ma ọ bụ Datagnon, na Aradigi) bụ Asụsụ mpaghara nke Ndị Ratagnon na-asụ, otu ụmụ amaala si Occidental Mindoro.  Ọ bụ ụgwọ nke Ezin ahia Bisayan ma nwee njikọ chiri anya na aha ndị ọzọ nke Philippines.  Ndị na-asụ ya na-agbanwe na Tagalog.  N'afọ 2000, e nwere naanị mmadụ abụọ ruo ise na-asụ ahụ.  Otú ọ dị, na 2010 Ethnologue kọrọ na e nwere ndị ọkà okwu ọhụrụ 310.

## Nchịkọta
Ratagnon nwere njikọ chiri anya na Asụsụ Cuyonon, akwụkwọ Bisayan a na-asụ na Cuyo Archipelago dị na ndịda Mindoro.[3]

Nke a nwere ike ibu site na mbata nke Cuyonons gaa n'ụdị ndịda nke Mindoro, nke yiri mbata ha gaa n'ala Palawan, usoro na-eji jawaabta.  Enwere ike ikwu na ngafe ndị a mere n'oge gara aga tupu ngafe ndị ahụ gaa n'ala Palawan (n'ihe dị ka n'etiti nke ruo na eguzo apụ nke iri na ọnwụ) n'ihi ntụgharị ya site na akara Cuyonon (N'ihi na Ratagnon sitere na ochie ochie a na-asụ n'ebe akwụkwọ nke Panay, Ratagnon na Cuyonon nke Panay, Ratagnon na Cuyonon na-okpuruala Cuyonon), alahazi n'okpuru Cuyonon, alahazi n'okpuru na Cuyonon, alahazi n'okpuru na-achị.  n'onwe ya ka bụ otu ọrụ nwere obere obere dialectal.   &#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Nbudata
Dị ka Ethnologue si kwuo, a na-asụ Ratagnon n'ịkpọ ndị nke iro Mindoro, obodo obodo Magsaysay na Bulalacao.

* Magsaysay, Western MindoroEbe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Mindoro
* Bulalacao, Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Mindoro

* ala Osimiri Caguray nso Santa Teresa, Magsaysay, Occidental MindoroMagsaysay, Western Mindoro
* San Nicolas, Magsaysay, Western Mindoro
* Bamban, Magsaysay, Western Mindoro

## Okwu
Barbian (1977) na-enye data okwu na phonological maka Ratagnon.

N'adịghị ka Cuyonon, Ratagnon wepụrụ ụda schwa /ë/, kama ịhọrọ ụda u/o.  Ọ gbaziri usoro nkwuwa okwu site n'asụsụ ndị agbata obi ya Mangyan na ruo n'ókè dị nta Spanish Ọ bụ ihe a ma ama na Barbian's Mangyan – English Vocabulary,   Ratagnon gaara enwelarị Tagalization dị arọ, dị ugbu a n'okwu ndị dị ka 'obi', tagiposon na Cuyonon, albeit puso in Ratagnon, dị ka Tagalog's puso.  Okwu a bụ 'ihe kpatara', ayamo na Cuyonon, ka a na-ahụta dị ka bat na basi na Ratagnon, bakin (bakin + at) ịbụ mbinye ego sitere na Tagalog, na  , okwu Hanunuo Ambahan ( bụghị onye mba Ambahan), ikekwe na-ekwu na  bụ mbinye ego sitere na Ratagnon, dị ka a mara Ambahans ka ọ na-eji ndị archaic na asụsụ Hanunuo dị iche iche.  A na-ahụkwa ihe omume a na omenala Hanunuo nke Urkay, ikekwe nwere njikọ chiri anya na Erekay nke Cuyonons, ma bụrụ ụdị Balagtasan.  Ratagnon nwekwara okwu ndị akọwapụtara na gburugburu osimiri dị larịị nke na-anọghị na Cuyonon nke oge a, ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ego sitere na Hanunuo na Buhid, ebe ole na ole bụ okwu Cuyonon ochie ma ọ bụ ihe ọhụrụ emere n'asụsụ Ratagnon.  Wezụga ndịiche ahụ e kwuru n'elu sitere na asụsụ Cuyonon, asụsụ abụọ ahụ ka nwere nghọta nke ukwuu.

## Ihe edeturu

## Ihe odide
Asụsụ Nisa-Anasi

**Nisa** (Bonefa, Kerema) na **Anasi** (Bapu), bụ olumba nke asụsụ Papuan nke mpaghara Indonesian nke Papua, n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Cenderawasih Bay na Sawai District, Mamberamo Raya Regency . Iji asụsụ dị ike.

Nisa-Anasi yiri asụsụ East Geelvink Bay n'ụzọ lex, ma eleghị anya ọ bụ na ezinụlọ ahụ.

## Ntụaka
o um. Na sēs qēt o um, nana le o ralēt, na tuwegev. No mö tuwegev kal qēt, nana bun kēl
Asụsụ Podena

Podena (Fedan) bụ otu n'ime nhọrọ Austronesian Sarmi a na-asụrụ n'ụbọchị oke osimiri nke Jayapura Bay na n'achọetiti dị nso na mpaghara Indonesia_province)" id="mwDg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Papua (Indonesian Province)">Papua nke Indonesia.

## Hụkwa

* Asụsụ Sarmi maka iji ya tụnyere asụsụ ndị yiri ya

## Ihe odide
Asụsụ Purari

**Purari** (Namau) bụ asụsụ Papuan nke Papua New Guinea .

## Aha
A makwaara Purari dị ka *Koriki, Evorra, I'ai, Maipua,* na *Namau.* "Namau" bụ okwu colonial nke pụtara "ndị ntị chiri (lit.), enweghị mmasị, ma ọ bụ onye nzuzu (Williams 1924: 4)." Taa ndị Purari Delta na-ahụta okwu a na-akpasu iwe. FE Williams na-akọ na "[a]n onye ntụgharị na-atụ aro na site na ụfọdụ nghọtahie aha ahụ sitere na obi nkoropụ nke onye ozi ala ọzọ oge mbụ, bụ onye, na-achọpụta na ndị obodo ahụ ṅara ntị n'ozizi ya, kpọrọ ha nile 'Namau'." (William 1924:4). Koriki, I'ai, na Maipua na-ezo aka n'òtù na-akọwapụta onwe ha bụ́ ndị mejupụtara otu isii nke na-edepụta ndị na-asụ Purari taa. Tinyere Baroi (nke a na-akpọbu Evorra, nke bụ aha obodo), Kaimari na Vaimuru, otu ndị a na-asụ asụsụ Purari nwere nghọta.

Enyere aha *Baimuru* (mgbe Baimuru Rural LLG ) na Petterson (2019). 

## Akwụkwọ
Ụfọdụ akwụkwọ dị na Purari, karịsịa akụkụ Akwụkwọ Nsọ nke ndị ozi ala ọzọ na ụlọ ọrụ Bible bipụtara. Ihe ndị mbụ e nwere n’asụsụ ahụ bụ akwụkwọ mbụ na abụ abụ e bipụtara maka Society Missionary Society na 1902. E mesịa, Òtù Bible Britain na Mba Ọzọ bipụtara Agba Ọhụrụ, nke a na-akpọ ‘Ene amua Iesu Keriso onu kuruei voa Nawawrea Eire’, na 1920, bụ́ nke e ebipụtaghachiri na 1947.

## Nhazi
N'ịkọwa na myirịta ole na ole na asụsụ Eleman nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi okwu mgbazinye ego, Pawley and Hammarström (2018) na-ahapụ ya dị ka nke a na-ekewaghị ekewa kama ịbụ akụkụ nke Trans-New Guinea. 

## Nkpọaha
Mkpọaha bụ 1sg *nai*, 2sg *ni*, 1pl *enei* . Nke mbụ nwere ike ịdị ka Trans–New Guinea *na, mana Purari nwere njikọ na asụsụ Binanderean–Goilalan . 

## fonology

A na-ekwu na ekwentị /t/ na-apụta n'okwu ole na ole na-adịghị ahụkebe, mana ọ dịghị mgbe n'okwu nkịtị. 

N'adịghị ka ọtụtụ asụsụ Papuan ndị ọzọ gbara agbata obi, Purari (Baimuru) abụghị ụda olu.

## Okwu okwu
Okwu okwu ndị a bụ isi sitere na Franklin (1973),  dịka ekwuru na nchekwa data Trans-New Guinea: 

## Ntụaka
o um. Na sēs qēt o um, nana le o ralēt, na tuwegev. No mö tuwegev kal qēt, nana bun kēl
Asụsụ Fanafo

**Fanafo** (ma ọ bụ **Se** ) bụ asụsụ Espiritu Santo nke Vanuatu . Ndị mmadụ 20 na-asụ ya na Vanafo na Butmas obodo dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Santo Island . 

## Ntụaka
o um. Na sēs qēt o um, nana le o ralēt, na tuwegev. 

*  
* Tryon, Darrell. 2010. The languages of Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu. In John Bowden and Nikolaus P. Himmelmann and Malcolm Ross (eds.), *A journey through Austronesian and Papuan linguistic and cultural space: papers in honour of Andrew K. Pawley*, 283–290. Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University.
Asụsụ Hamtai

**Hamtai** (a na-akpọkwa *Hamday* ma ọ bụ *Kapau* ) bụ asụsụ Angan kacha nwee na Papua New Guinea . A makwaara ya dị ka Kamea, Kapau, na Watut. Olumba bụ Wenta, Howi, Pmasa'a, Hamtai kwesịrị ekwesị, na Kantiba.  Edebeghị asụsụ a ruo n'afọ 2009. 

## fonology
Na Hamtai, e nwere consonants iri na anọ, ụdaume 7 na ụda abụọ (ebili na ọdịda).

### Udaume

### Consonants

## Ntụaka
o um. Na sēs qēt o um, nana le o ralēt, na tuwegev. No mö tuwegev kal qēt, nana bun kēl
Asụsụ Yavapai

**Yavapai** bụ asụsụ Yuman Upland, nke ndị Yavapai na-asụ na etiti na ọdịda anyanwụ Arizona . Enwere olumba anọ: Kwevkepaya, Wipukpaya, Tolkepaya, na Yavepe. Ebipụtala ọmụmụ asụsụ nke Kwevkepaya (Ndịda), Tolkepaya (Western), Wipukepa (Verde Valley), na Yavepe (Prescott) olumba (Mithun 1999:578).

## Nkesa ala
A na-ekwubu Yavapai n'ofe oke ugwu etiti na ọdịda anyanwụ Arizona, mana ugbu a, a na-ekwukarị ya na ndoputa Yavapai na Fort McDowell, Ndagwurugwu Verde na Prescott .

Ọnụego nghọta n'etiti Yavapai na Havasupai-Hualapai yiri nke ahụ n'etiti Mohave na Maricopa (Biggs 1957).

Warren Gazzam, onye ọkà okwu Tolkapaya, kọrọ na "ị maara na ha (Hualapais) na-asụ otu asụsụ ka anyị na-asụ, ụfọdụ okwu ma ọ bụ ụda olu dịtụ iche". 

N'ihi mgbanwe omenala buru ibu, ọtụtụ Yavapai bụbu asụsụ abụọ na Apache, ụfọdụ Apache na-asụkwa asụsụ abụọ na Yavapai. 

## fonology
Egosiri ekwentị consonant Yavapai n'okpuru. 

Udaume na-apụta nkenke, etiti na ogologo n'ime mkpụrụokwu na-akpa ike. A na-ebelata ọdịiche ahụ gaa n'ogologo abụọ n'ime mkpụrụokwu na-enweghị nrụgide.

Enwere ụda abụọ na mkpụrụokwu ndị na-emesi ike, ọkwa dị elu na ọdịda, bụ nke na-anọpụ iche ruo n'etiti mkpụrụokwu na-enweghị mgbakasị ahụ.

N'adịghị ka na Havasupai na Hualapai, nkwụsị nke postaspirated enweghị ike ịpụta n'ọnọdụ mmalite okwu (Shaterian 1983: 215).

## Mgbalị nchekwa
Enweela ndekọ nke Yavapai (yana asụsụ Yuman ndị ọzọ) emere na 1974, metụtara ụda olu, syntax, na ụtọ asụsụ. E mere nke a ka ọ ghọta isiokwu atọ ahụ nke ọma na ịnụ ha. 

A na-agba mbọ imegharị asụsụ ahụ. Enwere mmemme asụsụ Yavapai maka ndị okenye ka ha mụta asụsụ ahụ wee nyefee ọgbọ n'ọdịnihu. 

Enweela mbọ iji chekwaa asụsụ ahụ n'ime obodo Yavapai. 

Ebipụtala abụ na akụkọ na Yavapai ọtụtụ oge. Edepụtara uri Yavapai na *Gigyayk Vo'jka*, akwụkwọ akụkọ uri n'asụsụ Yuman nke onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ Hualapai Lucille Watahomigie deziri. Akụkọ Yavapai na-apụtakwa na *Ugwu Mmụọ: Anthology of Yuman Story and Song* . A na-esonyere ọrụ abụọ a na ntụgharị asụsụ Bekee, uri ndị dị na Gigyayk Vo'jka na-egosipụtakwa nyocha ọdịdị ọdịdị.

Alan Shaterian ebipụtala akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nke Northeast Yavapai. Pamela Munro na-arụ ọrụ  na akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu na ụtọ asụsụ maka Tolkepaya.

## Ihe odide ala ala peeji
uri n'asụsụ Yuman nke onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ Hualapai Lucille Watahomigie deziri. Akụkọ Yavapai na-apụtakwa na Ugwu Mmụọ: Anthology of Yuman Story and Song . A na-esonyere ọrụ abụọ a na ntụgharị asụsụ Bekee, uri ndị dị na Gigyayk Vo'jka na-egosipụtakwa nyocha ọdịdị ọdịdị.

## Ntụaka

* Biggs, Bruce. 1957. Nnwale ọgụgụ isi n'etiti asụsụ Yuman. Na *International Journal of American Linguistics* . Vol. 23, Nke 2. (Eprel 1957), p.&nbsp;57–62. Mahadum Chicago Press.
* Mithun, Marianne. 1999. *Asụsụ Ndị Obodo North America* . Mahadum Mahadum Cambridge.
* Shaterian, Alan William. 1983. *Fonology na akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nke Yavapai* . Mahadum California, Berkeley.

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
* Yavapai basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database
Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations
Asụsụ Sekani

**Asụsụ Sekani** ma ọ bụ **Tse'khene** bụ asụsụ Northern Athabaskan nke ndị Sekani bi na north-central British Columbia, Canada na-asụ.

## fonology

### Consonants
Sekani nwere consonants 33:

### Udaume

### Ụda
Sekani nwere ụda abụọ: obere na elu. Ụda dị elu bụ ụda a na-ahụkarị. Mkpụrụokwu ndị e ji ụda mee akara maka ụda dị ala. Dị ka ihe atụ,  pụtara '  , mgbe  pụtara '   . 

### Ọkpụkpọ imi
Ikwenye ụdaume bụ ụda ụda. Mgbọrọgwụ  pụtara '  , mgbe mgbọrọgwụ  pụtara '   .  Udaume imi dịkwa iche na ụdaume sochiri /n / .

## Ọkpụkpụ
Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Kwadcha Tsek'ene na-eji mkpụrụedemede ndị a.  

Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ⟨ ⟩ na-anọchi anya /ʊ /, ⟨ iii ⟩ na-anọchi anya /iː /, ⟨ ee ⟩ na-anọchi anya /eː /, na ⟨ aa ⟩ na-anọchi anya /ɑː / .

## Okwu atụ
Okwu ndị a sitere na ọkọwa okwu FirstVoices maka olumba Kwadacha Tsek'ene. 

## Ihe ndetu

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ

* 
** Original dissertation:  ''The Lexical Phonology of Sekani'' (PhD dissertation). Los Angeles: University of California.
* 

### Akụkọ

*  
** 
*  
*  
** References: Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016.
** Journal article: . *Journal of Laboratory Phonology*. **3** (1): 163–193. doi:.

## Njikọ mpụga

* Olu mbụ Kwadacha Tsek'ene Community Portal
* Ntinye Sekani na Asụsụ Mba Mbụ nke saịtị British Columbia
* Akwụkwọ akụkọ Sekani Linguistics
* Map nke Northwest Coast First Nations (gụnyere Sekani)
* Ngwa OLAC na gbasara asụsụ Sekani
Asụsụ Puyuma

**Asụsụ Puyuma** ma ọ bụ **Pinuyumayan** ( Chinese    ), bụ asụsụ Puyuma, ụmụ amaala Taiwan . Ọ bụ asụsụ Formosan dị iche iche nke ezinụlọ Austronesia . Ọtụtụ ndị na-ekwu okwu bụ ndị toro eto.

Puyuma bụ otu n'ime asụsụ Austronesian dị iche ma daa n'èzí nrụgharị nke Proto-Austronesia .

## Olumba
Nhazi ime nke olumba Puyuma dị n'okpuru sitere na Ting (1978) . A na-ahụta Nanwang Puyuma dị ka onye na-echekwa ụda olu mana ọ dị ọhụrụ n'asụsụ dị iche iche, dịka na ya na-echekwa proto-Puyuma plosives ma na-emekọrịta ojiji nke ma oblique na genitive. [ 2 ]

* **Proto-Puyuma**
** Nanwang
** ( *Isi alaka* )
*** Pinaski - Ulivelivek
**** Pinaski
**** Ulivek
*** Rikavung
*** Kasavakan-Katipul
**** Kasavakan
**** Katipul

Obodo ndị na-asụ Puyuma bụ: [ 3 ]

; Ụyọkọ Puyuma ('nke achara mụrụ')

* Puyuma ( Chinese )
* Apapulu ( Chinese )

; Ụyọkọ Katipul ('nke nkume mụrụ')

* Alipai ( Chinese )
* Pinaski ( Chinese ); 2&nbsp;km n'ebe ugwu Puyuma/Nanwang, ma na-enwe mmekọrịta chiri anya na ya
* Pankiu ( Chinese )
* Kasavakan ( Chinese 
* Katratripul ( Chinese )
* Likavung ( Chinese )
* Tamalakawa ( Chinese )
* Ulivek ( Chinese )

## fonology
Puyuma nwere consonants 18 na ụdaume 4:

Rịba ama na Teng na-eji ⟨ lr ⟩ maka /ɭ / na ⟨ l ⟩ maka /l /, n'adịghị ka ụdị ọrụ gọọmentị. A na-eji akwụkwọ edemede gọọmentị eme ihe n'isiokwu a.

## Ụtọ asụsụ

### Ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ

# Onye na-eme ihe nkiri: Ø (enweghị akara), -em-, -en- (mgbe labials gasịrị), me-, meʔ-, ma-
# Ihe na-elekwasị anya: -aw
# Ntụleghachi anya: -ay
# Ngwa elekwasịrị anya: -nay

Enwere akụkụ atọ: [ 5 ]

# Zuru oke
# Ezughi oke
# Ọdịnihu

Enwere ụzọ abụọ: [ 5 ]

# Dị mkpa
# Ọdịnihu na-akụda mmụọ

Mgbakwunye gụnyere: [ 5 ]

* Zuru oke: Ø (enweghị akara)
* Ezughi oke: Mbughari; -a-
* Ọdịnihu: Mgbanwegharị, mgbe ụfọdụ naanị -a-
* Ọdịnihu dị egwu: -a-
* Ụdị dị mkpa: Ø (enweghị akara)

### Syntax
Puyuma nwere usoro okwu ngwaa-mmalite.

Edemede gụnyere: [ 7 ]

* **i** - otu onye
* **a** - otu na-abụghị nke onwe
* **na** - plural (nkeonwe na nke na-abụghị nke onwe)

### Nkpọaha
Mkpọaha aha Puyuma nkeonwe bụ: [ 8 ]

### Mgbakwunye
Mgbakwunye Puyuma bụ: [ 10 ]
 

## Ihe ndetu

## Ntụaka
 .

## Njikọ mpụga

* Yuánzhùmínzú yǔyán xiànshàng cídiǎn 原住民族語言線上詞典(in Chinese) - Ibe ọchụchọ Puyuma na "akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu n'ịntanetị" nke weebụsaịtị nyocha na mmepe asụsụ ụmụ amaala.
* Ihe nkuzi Puyuma nke Kansụl nke ụmụ amaala Taiwan (in Chinese) bipụtara
* Ntụgharị Puyuma nke mgbaghara Onye isi ala Tsai Ing-wen 2016 nye ụmụ amaala – nke e bipụtara na webụsaịtị ụlọ ọrụ onye isi ala.
Asụsụ Pohnpeic

Pohnpeic, nke a ụzọ Ponapeic, bụ obere m nke alaka Chuukic-Pohnpeic nke Micronesia na Ezin ahia Austronesian.[1]  A na-asụ ọnwụ ndị a na Pohnpei State nke Federated States of Micronesia.

## Asụsụ
Asụsụ Pohnpeic dị iche na Asụsụ Chuukic ndị yiri ya n'ihi ihe ọhụrụ ndị e mepụtara n'ụzọ pụrụ iche. Otu n'ime ihe ọhụrụ ndị dị otú ahụ bụ nnọchi anya imi, ebe ihe mbụ dị na consonant geminate na-aghọ consonant homorganic nasal. A na-ahụ ihe atụ nke mgbanwe a ebe Proto-Chuukic-Pohnpeic */kkaŋ/ 'sharp' ghọrọ Mokilese /iŋ__wol____wol____wol__/, ebe na Chuukese ọ bụ  .
Saisiyat

Saisiyat (mgbe ụfọdụ a na-asụ Saisiat) bụ ahia nke Saisiyat, Ndị obodo Taiwan.  Ọ bụ Asụsụ Formosan nke akara Austronesian.  O nwere ihe dịka ndị ọkà okwu 4,750.

## Nbudata
Mpaghara asụsụ Saisiyat dị obere, dị n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke obodo ahụ n'etiti mpaghara Hakka Chinese na Atayal n'ugwu (Wufeng, Hsinchu; Nanchuang na Shitan, Miaoli).

E nwere ahụmahụ: Ta'ai (North Saisiyat) na Tungho (South Saisiyat).  A na-asụ Ta'ai na Hsinchu ma na-asisa Tungho na Miao-Li.

Kulon, akara Formosan na-adịghị adị, nwere njikọ chiri anya na Saisiyat mana onye ọka iwere Taiwanese Paul Jen-kuei Li weere ya dị ka dị iche iche..

## Ojiji
Taa, otu puku Ndị Saisiyat nkwado eji eji Saisiyat eme ihe.  Ọtụtụ ndị na-eto eto na-eji Hakka ma ọ bụ Atayal kama, maka ole na ole na-asụrụ Saisiyat.  Ndị na-asụ Hakka Chinese, ndị na-asụrụ Atayal na ndị na-ekwu Saisiyat na-ebi n'otu.  Ọtụtụ Saisiyat nwere ike ikwu Saisiyat, Hakka, Atayal, Mandarin, na, mgbe ụfọdụ, Min Nan.  Ọ bụ ebe na Saisiyat nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị na-asụ ya, ahụ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụ okwu

## Orthography

* a - [ä]
* ae - [æ]
* b - [β]
* e - [ə]
* ng - [ŋ]
* oe - 
* s - [s/θ]
* S - [ʃ]
* y - [j]
* z - [z/ð]
* ' - [ʔ]
* aa/aː - [aː]
* ee/eː - [əː]
* ii/iː - [iː]

### Nchịkọta okwu
Ọ bụ ebe ahụ ọ na- pastọ maka ngwaa ọhụrụ, [1] Saisiyat bụ akara ngosi nke isiokwu siri ike (ya bụ, SVO), ma na-agbanwe gaa n'asụsụ ebubo, ebe ọ ka nwere onyinye nkewa ergativity nkewa (Hsieh & Huang 2006:91).  Pazeh na Thao, bụkwa ụgwọ Northern Formosan, bụ naanị Asụsụ Formosan ndị ọzọ na-enye eze maka iwu SVO..

## Akwụkwọ Nsọ
Saisiyat enweela sitere n'aka ndị Japan n'ihi Ndị Japan bi na Taiwan na Mandarin n'ihi na ọrụ Taiwan na-agba ume maka ọrụ ahụ.  O ekiri, sitere na Hakka ọ bụ ebe na nke a iche iche iche n'etiti olumba ndị ọzọ dị iche iche na-ahụ ike na olumba ndịiche na-enwere ike siri ike.

## Ihe odide

### Ihe ndị e dere n'akwụkwọ

### Ọrụ ndị e depụtara
Asụsụ Sakizaya

Sakizaya bụ Asụsụ Formosan nke nwere njikọ chiri anya na Amis.  Otu n'ime nnukwu egwu nke egwuregwu Austronesian, Ndị Sakizaya na-asụ ya, ndị na-amụ anya n'oké osimiri Pasifik nke ihe oriri Taiwan.  ọrịa afụ 2007, otu Taiwan anabatala ha dị ka otu n'ime ndị otu iri na isii dị iche dị n'ikirietiti ahụ..

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Mgbe ihe mere na Takobowan nke 1878, Ndị Sakizaya zoro n'etiti ndị Nataoran Amis.  N'ihi ya, ndị ọkà na-eji jiri akwụkwọ kewaa ahia Sakizaya dị ka olumba nke Amis.

N'afọ 2002, Center of Aboriginal Studies nke National Chengchi University na Taiwan doziri akwụkwọ akụkọ a mgbe ha dezi akwụkwọ akwụkwọ edemede ụmụ amaala.  N'afọ ahụ, a ọnwụ Sakizaya dị ka ụbọchị Chilai na Amis.  A na-etinye ha abụọ n' mgbanwe Austronesia.[1]  N'afọ iri na asaa n'afọ nke afọ 2007, obodo Sakizaya ajụjụ nke iri na atọ dị iche nke ụdị Taiwan nabatara..

Ngụkọta nke mmadụ 985 debanyere aha dị ka Sakizaya.[1]  Ha bi na obodo Takubuwan, Sakur, Maifor na Kaluluwan.  Ọtụtụ puku ndị Sakizaya ndị ọzọ ka na-edebanye aha dị ka ndị enyi, dabere na nhazi ihe mere eme.  A na-ekwu na ihe dị ka ọkara ndị agha ndị Amis nọ na Hualien City, ikwubiga okwu ókè na mpaghara Amis, bụ ndị Sakizaya.   &#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Hụkwa

* Ndị Sakizaya

## Ihe odide
Asụsụ Tanema

Tanema (Tetawo, Tetau) bụ ịhụnanya nke nta ka ọ mba nna n'etiti Vanikoro, na mpaghara ọmụmụ nke Solomon Islands..

## Ike
[áká_èkpè|thumb|240x240px|Map nke Vanikoro I., na-egosi ókèala akụkọ ihe mere eme nke agbụrụ atọ nke ''[Asụsụ Lovono|Lovono*, *Tanema* na *Teanu''.]]
Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 2012, ọ bụ naanị otu onye na-ekwu okwu, Lainol Nalo, na-asụrụ Tanema.[1][2]  Dị ka onye agbata obi ya Lovono, e jirila Teanu ahụhụ anya, akara bụ isi nke Vanikoro.

Emele Mamuli nwụrụ anwụ bụ onye na-akọ ndị nke nwere ike ikwu ath nke Vanikoro nke ọma: Teanu, Lovono na Tanema.[1]  Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị ikpeazụ na-ekwu okwu Tanema.

## Asụsụ
Enwere ike ozi ụfọdụ ikpe Vanikoro, Tanema, na François (2009) maka iwere, na François (2021) maka akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu..

## Ihe edeturu

## Ihe odide

*  
* —— (2021). Online Teanu-English dictionary, na data lexical na Lovono na Tanema. Paris, CNRS
* 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ihe ndekọ ọdịyo n'asụsụ Tanema, na ohere mepere emepe, site na A. François  (isi iyi: Pangloss Collection nke CNRS) .
Asụsụ Papasena

**Papasena** bụ asụsụ dị larịị ọdọ mmiri nke Irian Jaya, Indonesia . *Ethnologue* na-akọ myirịta lexical 23% na Sikaritai, asụsụ East Tariku ọzọ.

## Ntụaka
Asụsụ obodo
Asụsụ Tenis

Tenis, ma ọ bụ Tench, bụ ahia nke nta ka ọ mba nna na Tench Island na St Matthias Islands nke Bismarck Archipelago..

## Ihe odide
Asụsụ Kadazan dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri

Coastal Kadazan, nke a dị ka Dusun Tangara, bụ olumba nke Central Dusun yana akara ole na ole a na-asụkarị na Sabah, Malaysia.  Ọ bụabụ bụ isi nke ndị Kadazan na-asự n'Ụdị oké osimiri àmà nke Sabah ibu na mpaghara Penampang, Papar na Membakut (mpaghara Beaufort).

## Ihe ndị e ji mara ya
Ojiji nke Coastal Kadazan anọwo na-Bada n'ihi ojiji nke Malay site na nke etiti Malaysia na site na ojiji nke bekee site na ndị ozi ala ọzọ, nke emere site na usoro mgbanwe nke ọrụ nke ọrụ na gọọmentụ etiti.  Steeti Sabah ewebatala iwu iji belata mbelata a, nke na-emekwa ememe Sabahan ndị ọzọ.  Nke a iwu nke iji Kadazan na ụmụ amaala ndị ọzọ n'akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na eze.  E meela ikike kwe ka ahụ ahụ nke akara na steeti ahụ.

Coastal Kadazan anabatala ọtụtụ okwu ndị a gbazitere, saịtị saịtị egwuregwu na ndị ọzọ dị n'ebe ugwu Borneo na Malay.   Kadazan na-eji mmiri olu alveolar sibilant fricative /z/ eme ihe n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ha, ihe a na-ahụ nanị n'asụsụ Austronesian ole na ole.   Asụsụ Tsou na Paiwan see ihe ndị a, nke ndị Taiwanese aborigines na-asụ.   Asụsụ ọzọ bụ Malagasy nke a na-asụ n’ebeetiti Madagascar ọtụtụ puku kilomita site n’ike osimiri Afrịka.

Coastal Kadazan na Central Dusun na-ahụ nke ọma ma ọtụtụ ndị na-ewere ya dị ka otu akwụkwọ.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
E wepụrụ ahụ na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ Sabahan n'okpuru ozi Mustapha Harun iji iwu assimilationist na-eme ka Bahasa Malaysia Gafe steeti ahụ..

N'okpuru ọchịchị nke Kadazandusun Cultural Association Sabah, na 1995, a akwụkwọ akwụkwọ Bundu-Liwan (Central Dusun) ka ọ bụrụ ihe ndabere maka aha "Kadazandusun".[1][2]  A ndụ olumba a n'ihi na a na-ewere ya dị ka nke a na-ọnụ ọnụ mgbe a na-agwa ndị ọzọ "Dusun" ma ọ bụ "Kadazan" okwu..

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
Miller (1993) depụtara ụdaume ndị a:

 na-adị site na nke na-adịghị ike ruo na nke na'enweghị okirikiri. Mkpụrụ okwu anọ a gbazitere site na Malay na Bekee gụnyere  .

## Ekpere ndị a na-ekpe

### Nna Anyị

: **Nsụgharị:**

Nna anyị, onye nọ n'eluigwe, raara aha gị nsọ. Alaeze gị bịa, A ga-eme nke gị n'ụwa dịka ọ dị n'eluigwe. Nye anyị nri anyị kwa ụbọchị ụbọchị ụbọchị ụbọchị, gbaghara anyị mmehie anyị, ka anyị na-agbaghara ndị mmehie anyị. Ejila anyị mee ka anyị banye n'ọnwụnwa, kama napụta anyị n'ihe ọjọọ. Amen.

### Haị Mary

Hail Mary, juputara n'amara, Onyenwe anyị nọ na gị. A gọziri gị n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị, a gọziri gị mkpụrụ nke afọ gị, Jizọs. Meri dị nsọ, Nne Chineke, kpere ekpere maka anyị, ndị mmehie, ugbu a na n'oge ọnwụ anyị. Amen.

## Tebụl ntụnyere asụsụ Austronesian
N'okpuru ebe a bụ tebụl nke Kadazan na asụsụ ndị ọzọ nke Austronesian na-atụnyere okwu iri na atọ.
Otú:All articles with unsourced statements
Asụsụ Salawati

**Salawati** bụ asụsụ Austronesia a na-asụ na ọdịda anyanwụ nke Agwaetiti Salawati, na agwaetiti Raja Ampat na Indonesian New Guinea.

## Olumba
Olumba nke Salawati bụ ndị a:  : 17 

* **Butlih** ( *Butleh, Butlis, Banlol* ) eji na 
** Mpaghara Salawati Tengah (Raja Ampat): Kampung Wailen, Kampung Sakabu, Kampung Kalobo

* **Kawit** ( *Esaro, Saorof* ), eji na 
** Mpaghara Salawati Tengah (Sorong): Kampung Duriankari, Kampung Maralol
** Salawati Tengah (Raja Ampat): Kampung Kalobo

* **Tepin** ( *Tipin, Metli* ), eji na 
** Mpaghara Salawati Barat: Kampung Solol, Kampung Kaliam,
** Mpaghara Salawati Utara: Kampung Kapatlap
** Mpaghara Salawati Tengah (Raja Ampat): Kampung Kalobo, Kampung Waijan

* **Rajau** ( *Rajao* ), eji na 
** Mpaghara Salawati Utara: Kampung Mucu (gụnyere na Samate)

* **Fiawat** ( *Fiat, Fyawat* ) bụbu aha obodo a na-eji ugbu a na 
** Mpaghara Salawati Utara: Kampung Mucu (gụnyere na Samate)

* **Waili** ( *Wailil, Wail, Waliam* ) ejiri na 
** Mpaghara Salawati Tengah (Sorong): Kampung Waliam, Kampung Sakapul

## Ntụaka
chọrọ opekata mpe mkpụrụokwu abụọ, nke na-egosipụta ụkpụrụ nrụgide a. Ụfọdụ akọwawo
Asụsụ Samarokena

**Samarokena** (Samarkena, Karfasia, Tamaja ~ Tamaya) bụ asụsụ Papuan edekọghị nke ọma nke a na-asụ na Indonesian Papua .

A na-asụ Samarokena na Karfasia, Maseb, Samarkena, na obodo Tamaya. 

Wurm (1975) jikọtara ya na asụsụ Kwerba, mana Ross (2005) enweghị ike ịchọta ihe akaebe zuru oke iji kewaa ya. Donahue (2002) choputara na nnochiaha aha ya na nke Airoran na-adakọrịta, n'agbanyeghi na ha abuo di iche na asusu Kwerba nke ime.

## Ntụaka
akara. Okwu dị na Pendau

* Clouse, Duane, Mark Donohue na Felix Ma. 2002. "Akụkọ nyocha nke ụsọ oké osimiri nke Irian Jaya." http://www.sil.org/silesr/2002/SILESR2002-078.pdf
Asụsụ Papuma

**Papuma** bụ asụsụ Malayo-Polynesia Eastern a na-asụ na Papua Province nke Western New Guinea, ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Indonesia .

## Ntụaka
Asụsụ obodo
Asụsụ Sangke

**Sangke** bụ asụsụ Skou ma ọ bụ olumba, a na-asụ na Sangke ( *Nyau Sangke* ) Village, East Arso District, Keerom Regency na Papua Province, Indonesia. Ndị na-asụ asụsụ Wutung na-akọ na ọ dị ka asụsụ ha, mana amabeghị ihe jikọrọ ya ma ọ bụ na ọ nwere ike ịbụ olumba.  N'ịbụ ndị nọ n'akụkụ nke ọzọ nke ókèala mba ụwa, Sangke na Wutung ekpuchiwo nyocha dị iche iche (Dutch colonial na SIL International, n'otu n'otu) na arụghị ọrụ atụnyere.

## Ntụaka
na ọ dị ka asụsụ ha, mana amabeghị ihe
Asụsụ Sauri

**Sauri** bụ asụsụ Papuan nke mpaghara Indonesian nke Papua, nke dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke oke osimiri Cenderawasih . A na-asụ ya na obodo Sauri-Sirami, Masirei District, Waropen Regency . 

Sauri yiri asụsụ East Geelvink Bay n'ụzọ lex, ma eleghị anya ọ bụ n'ezinaụlọ ahụ, mana akwadoghị ya nke ọma iji jide n'aka.

## Ntụaka
anyanwụ nke oke
Asụsụ Sarmi-Jayapura

Asụsụ **Sarmi-Jayapura Bay** nwere ọkara asụsụ iri na abụọ a na-asụ n'akụkụ oke osimiri nke Papua nke Indonesia : 

: Sobei, Bonggo, Tarpia (Sarmi), Kayupulau, Ormu, Tobati – Enggros (Jayapura Bay)

Ross (1988) atụlewo Sarmi na Jayapura Bay (Kayapulau, Orma na Tobati) dị ka ndị dị iche iche mana otu nwere njikọ. Ross (1988) depụtara ọtụtụ asụsụ Sarmi ndị ọzọ:

: Anus (Kurur) na Podena, Liki, na Wakde (nke dị nso na Sobei), Masimasi, Kaptiau na Yamna .

Ntinye nke asụsụ *Yarsun* a na-ekwu na  yiri ka ọ bụ n'ihi mgbagwoju anya nke aha asụsụ na aha agwaetiti. Ọ dịghị asụsụ dị otú ahụ a na-agba akaebe; Àgwàetiti ahụ dị n'agbata asụsụ Anus na Podena, a na-akọkwa na agwaetiti atọ ahụ na-asụ asụsụ nke otu asụsụ dị ka ebe mbụ e si kwuo ya. 

Ewezuga ụfọdụ asụsụ Micronesia, asụsụ Sarmi–Jayapura nwere nkesa kacha ọdịda anyanwụ n'asụsụ Oceanic niile. 

## Akwụkwọ ozi ụda
Grace (1971:34–37) bipụtara tebụl nke akwụkwọ ozi ụda maka asụsụ Sarmi, nke e si nweta ụdịdị ndị a. A na-ahazi asụsụ ndị ahụ site na ọdịda anyanwụ ruo n'ọwụwa anyanwụ.

## Ntụaka


* Grace, George W. (1971). Ihe ndetu na akụkọ ụda olu nke asụsụ Austronesia nke oke osimiri Sarmi. *Ọgụgụ asụsụ Oceanic* 10:11–37 .
* Ross, Malcolm (1988). *Proto Oceanic na asụsụ Austronesia nke ọdịda anyanwụ Melanesia.* Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
* Ebe nchekwa okwu nke Proto Oceanic
Asụsụ ndị dị na ọdọ mmiri Paniai

Asụsụ **Paniai Lakes**, nke a makwaara dị ka **Wissel Lakes** ma ọ bụ **Wissel Lakes - Osimiri Kemandoga**, bụ obere ezinụlọ nwere njikọ chiri anya nke asụsụ Trans–New Guinea nke a na-asụ na mpaghara Paniai Lakes nke ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ New Guinea na mpaghara Paniai Lakes nke Papua . Foley (2003) na-ewere ọnọdụ Trans–New Guinea ha ka eguzobe.

## Asụsụ
Asụsụ ndị a bụ: 
 
Ha nwere njikọ chiri anya na asụsụ Dani, Amung na Dem . 

## Nkpọaha
Mkpọaha nọọrọ onwe ya na prefixes nwe bụ:

## Ntụnyere okwu
Okwu okwu ndị a bụ isi sitere na Larson & Larson (1972)  na Voorhoeve (1975),  dị ka ekwuru na nchekwa data Trans-New Guinea. 

Okwu ndị a e zoro aka na ya bụ ntụgharị ntụgharị, ma ha bụ cognate (dịka *homa*, *huma* maka “nkume”) ma ọ bụ na ha abụghị (dịka *bodiya*, *usa* maka “ọkụ”).

## Evolution
Paniai Lakes reflexes nke proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma bụ: 

*  ‘breast’ < 
*  ‘arm’ < 
*  ‘belly’ < 
*  ‘breast’ < 
*  ‘skin’ < 
*  ‘louse’ < 
*  ‘come’ < 
*  ‘father’ < 
*  ‘speech, talk’ <  ‘instructions’
*  ‘sun’ < 

*  ‘breast’ < 
*  ‘heart’ <  ‘internal organs, belly’
*  ‘skin’ < 
*  ‘woman’ < 
*  ‘night’ < 
*  ‘stone’ < 
*  ‘tree’ < 
*  ‘come’ < 

## Ntụaka
uri n'asụsụ Yuman nke onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ Hualapai olu
Usoro ide ihe nke asụsụ Formosan

ederede nke Asụsụ Formosan bụ ihe Latīn.  Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-achịkwa iri na isii ( 45 dialects).  E mere akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ nke ọrịa na 2005. 

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Ihe odide Sinckan bụ otu n'ime ihe odide mbụ nke ọtụtụ ụbọchị Formosan, nkiri Siraya.  ndị ozi ala ụzọ Dutch ụzọ ederede a n'oge mmụta Dutch (1624-1662).

Mgbe 1947, na mkpa maka ntụgharị Bible, edemede edemede Latin maka Bunun, Paiwan, Taroko, Atayal, na Amis.  [1] Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-ede dere Formosan 16 niile na yiri usoro ya.  Ndị ozi ala ọzọ nke ndị ozi akwụkwọ ozi Pe̍h-ōe-jī nke Taiwanese Hokkien[2] na Pha̍k-fa-são nke Taiwanese Hakka.

N'afọ 2005, gọọmentị guzobere usoro ederede maka asụsụ nke ụmụ amaala iri na isii a ma ama na Taiwan.

## Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ
Tebụl ahụ na-egosi otu esi eji akara na akara egosi na-egosi na Asụsụ Formosan 16 a ma ama. 

## Iwu mkpụrụ okwu
 

## Ntụziaka
A na-akpata nke akwụkwọ.   Tebụl dị n'okpuru ebe a bụ nchịkọta nke aro na isi (nke ndị obodo na ndị ọka iwu mere).[1][2][3]   Ihe ụzọ ndị e ji oghere oghere ‹› ike bụ ike, ebe ndị ji square brackets mechiri [] sitere na International Phonetic Alphabet.   A na-ede aha olumba n'asụsụ Chinese.

## Hụkwa

* Asụsụ Formosan
* Ndị obodo Taiwan
* Asụsụ ndị dị na Taiwan

## Ihe odide

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ
 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Taiwanese Indigenous Ebooks: Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ a na-enye ohere ịnweta ebooks maka asụsụ ụmụ amaala.
Ụlọ ọgwụ nkuzi nke Mahadum Teknoloji Ladoke Akintola

Ụlọ ọgwụ nkuzi UNIOSUN (nke a maara n'oge gara aga dị ka Ụlọ ọgwụ nkuzi LAUTECH ) bụ ụlọ ọgwụ nkuzi ahụike nke dị na Osogbo, Osun Steeti, Nigeria iji nye nlekọta ahụike tertiary na ịkwado ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụike na-agụsị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Osun Steeti. 

Gọvanọ Osun Steeti bụ Sinetọ Ademola Ladoke AkintolaNurudeen Jackson Adeleke họpụtara Dr. Afolabi Babatunde Adeola[1] ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi Ụlọ Ọgwụ Nkụzi Uniosun , Osogbo.  A họpụtara Dr. Afolabi ka usoro nyocha nke asọmpi gụnyere mmadụ itoolu, nke otu kọmiti nke gọọmentị steeti họpụtara. 

A mụrụ Dr. Afolabi, onye Dọkịta na onye ọchụnta ego, na Disemba 22, 1972,  na Inisha, Osun Steeti. O nwetara akara ugo mmụta ọgwụ na Mahadum nke Ilorin wee gụchaa ebe obibi ya na Ụlọ Ọgwụ Nkụzi LAUTECH , Osogbo. O nweela ọtụtụ ọkwa ndị isi n'ime Ụlọ Ọgwụ Nkụzi Uniosun, gụnyere Onye isi nke Ngalaba Ọgwụ Ezinụlọ na Onye isi oche nke Kọmitii Ndụmọdụ Ahụike.

## Edensibia
Asụsụ ndịda Halmahera

**Asụsụ South Halmahera** bụ alaka nke asụsụ Austronesian nke a chọtara n'akụkụ ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ụsọ oké osimiri nke agwaetiti Halmahera na mpaghara Indonesian nke North Maluku . A na-asụ Irarutu n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Bomberai Peninsula na mpaghara West Papua .

Ọtụtụ n'ime asụsụ ka a na-ama naanị site na ndepụta okwu mkpirisi, mana Taba na Buli enwetara nke ọma.

Ha enweghị njikọ na asụsụ North Halmahera, nke ama ama maka ịbụ ndị na-abụghị ndị Australia. Agbanyeghị, mmetụta Ternatan dị ukwuu, ihe nketa nke ọchịchị Ternate Sultanate nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme. 

## Nhazi
Edepụtara asụsụ South Halmahera n'okpuru dịka nhazi *Glottolog* 4.0 siri dị, nwere aha na olumba ndị ọzọ edepụtara na Kamholz (2014: 17): 
 

## Ntụaka
Nkesa nke asụsụ Bru gbasaa n'ebe ugwu na ugwu ọwụwa
Asụsụ Unubahe

Unubahe (Unuba'e) bụ nhọrọ Oceanic nke nta ka ọ mba nna ya nke a na-asụrụ na mpaghara ndị ọzọ ọmụmụ nke Papua New Guinea.  Ọ bụ ebe na ebe ole na ole na-asụ ya, na 2001 e nwere naanị otu di na ozi na-asụrụ ọrụ ahụ..

## Ihe odide
Asụsụ Sobei

**Sobei** bụ otu n'ime asụsụ Sarmi a na-asụ n'ime obodo atọ (Sarmi, Sawar, na Bagaiserwar) dị nso na etiti Sarmi na mpaghara Papua nke Indonesia . Ethnologue (2005) zoro ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ abụọ nke atọ dị 1,000 na 1,850, ebe Sterner na-eme atụmatụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na 1,500 (1975) na 2,000 (1987), dabere na ebe obibi n'ezie na mpaghara ahụ.

## fonology
Ntugharị Sobei nke ụfọdụ etyma Austronesia na-ahụkarị gụnyere  'aka',  'star',  'abụọ',  'paddle',  'anọ',  'nna',  'nne',  '(nwa ya)',  'aki oyibo',  'nri',  'betelnut',  'mmiri',  'akwukwo',  'elu',  'ala',  'ara',  'sukari',  'mmiri ozuzo',  'mmadụ',  'otu',  'atọ',  'aja',  'ọkụ' (ha niile nwetara site na J. Sterner 1975).

### Udaume

### Consonants

## Ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ

### Aha aha
Sobei na-ekewa ihe onwunwe dịpụrụ adịpụ na ihe onwunwe na-enweghị ike ịpụpụ site n'itinye aha ozugbo na ụdị mmekọrịta ikpeazụ, nke kachasị akụkụ ahụ na okwu ndị ikwu. morphophonemics na-enwekarị mgbagwoju anya:  'Nwa m',  'nwa ya',  'ụmụ anyị (ụmụ)',  'ụmụ ha (ụmụ)';  'isi m',  'isi ya',  'isi anyị',  'isi ha' (Sterner 1987). Ihe atụ na-esonụ nke aha  nwere nke na-enweghị mgbagha. 'Nna' sitere na Stener (1976). Nke etiti  tupu suffix nke nwere na-eje ozi dị ka ihe nrịbama ọtụtụ. Dị ka nnọchiaha nọọrọ onwe ya,  bụ mmadụ atọ ('ha'). Ụfọdụ okwu ikwu na-adịghị ewere suffixes nwere otu o sina dị nwere ọtụtụ ụdị na-agwụ na  :  'nne- PL ',  'nne- PL ',  'nwa nwanne- PL ' (Sterner 1976).

### Nkpọaha nọọrọ onwe ya

### Ngwaa
Ngwaa Sobei nwere ike ịgụnye ọtụtụ ihe nhụsianya, ntụgharị, mgbanwe, ma ọ bụ ntụzịaka, mana ngwaa ọ bụla na-edobere obere prefixed iji gosi ụtọ ụtọ asụsụ mmadụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke isiokwu ya na ọnọdụ ụtọasụsụ ( realis or irrealis ). Ihe nrịbama ọnọdụ dị iche dabere ma azuokokoosisi ọ dị mfe ma ọ bụ gbagwojuru anya, na ụfọdụ klaasị nke ngwaa na-egosi stem allomorphy na paradigim njikọ ha. (Lee Sterner 1987.)
 

## Ihe ndetu

* Paradaịsc nwere nchịkọta abụọ nke ihe Arthur Cappell ( AC1, AC2 ) gụnyere ihe asụsụ Sobei.

## Ntụaka
ngwaa ọ bụla na-edobere obere prefixed iji gosi ụtọ ụtọ asụsụ mmadụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke isiokwu ya na ọnọdụ ụtọasụsụ ( realis

### Ntụaka n'ozuzu

* 
* 
* 
*
Asụsụ isi nke Southern Bird

**Isi Nnụnụ South Nuklia**, **Isi South Bird's Head** ma ọ bụ asụsụ **East South Bird's Head** na-etolite obere ezinụlọ asụsụ nke ọdịda anyanwụ New Guinea. Ha bụ akụkụ nke ezinụlọ asụsụ South Bird zuru oke, ma ọ bụ nwee ike bụrụ ezinụlọ asụsụ nọọrọ onwe ha ma ọ bụrụ na ha emetụtaghị asụsụ Innwatan na Konda–Yahadian . 

## Asụsụ
Enwere asụsụ isii: 
 

## Proto-asụsụ
Ụfọdụ mwugharị akwụkwọ ọgụgụ nke Usher (2020) bụ: 

## Ntụaka
asụsụ mmadụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke isiokwu ya na ọnọdụ ụtọasụsụ ( realis

## Njikọ mpụga

* Timothy Usher, New Guinea World, Isi Proto-East South Bird
Asụsụ Yeresiam

Yeresiam ma ọ bụ Iresim bụ Asụsụ Austronesian na Cenderawasih (Geelvink Bay) nhọrọ nke Indonesia Papua.  Ọ dịghị ihe ya na ndị ọzọ.

## Ihe odide
Asụsụ Zazao

Zazao bụ Oceanic a na-asụ na Solomon Islands.  Ndị na-asụ ya bi na Santa Isabel Island.  A na-hazi ya dị ka "nke nọ n'ihe ize ndụ" site na UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages ​​in Danger, n'ihi na ndị na-asụ ya na-asukarị Asụsụ Cheke Holo ma ọ bụ Asụsụ Zabana..

## Ihe odide
Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụike federal

Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụike federal, Gombe ugbu a Ụlọ ọgwụ nkụzi federal, Gombe bụ Ụlọ Ọgwụ gọọmentị etiti nke Naịjirịa nke dị na Gombe, Gombe Steeti, Naijiria. Onye isi nchịkwa ahụike ugbu a bụ Dr. Yusuf Mohammed Abdullahi .  MBBS, FMCPath, MPA (GSU).

## Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga
E guzobere Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụike federal, Gombe na 1996. Ọ nwere ike ịba ihe ndina 500.

Gombe bụ isi obodo Gombe Steeti nke bụ otu n'ime steeti 36 nke Naịjirịa.Ọ dị n'etiti latitude 100° na 110° n'ebe ugwu, n'ime mpaghara savanna.O nwere ndị bi na ya dị ihe dị ka nde mmadụ 2.1 na mpaghara nke 18,000 km2.&nbsp;okpomọkụ na-adị 30 °C na mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ nke 52 cm.&nbsp;

gọọmentị etiti guzobere ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ na 1996 mana ọ kwagara ebe ọ dị ugbu a na 22 Mee 2000. Ọ bụ Gọọmentị Bauchi Steeti mbụ wuru ya site na mgbazinye ego e nwetara site na African Development Bank (ADB) iji rụọ ọrụ dị ka ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ọrụ, nyocha na ọzụzụ maka steeti mbụ ahụ. Mgbe e kere Gombe Steeti, ọ ketara ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ ma mgbe gọọmentị etiti kpebiri iguzobe ụlọ ọgwụ na steeti ndị na-enweghị ụlọ ọgwụ nkuzi, Gombe steeti ghọrọ onye na-erite uru. N'ihi ya, e wegara ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ n'aka gọọmentị etiti nke gbanwere ya ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ọgwụ gọọmentị ukwu, na Jenụwarị 1999. Onye isi ala Olusegun Obasanjo, nyere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ọrụ na Nọvemba 23, 2000. Dr. Abubakar Ali-Gombe bụ Onye nduzi ahụike nke ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ, Dr. Aliyu Usman El-Nafaty, Dr. Saidu Abubakar, Dr. Yahaya Saidu Alkali na ugbu a, Dr. Yusuf Mohammed Abdullahi sochiri.

Site na nguzobe nke kọleji ọgwụ site na Mahadum Gombe Steeti, Gọọmentị Gombe Steet n'okpuru nduzi nke gọvanọ steeti Ibrahim Hassan Dankwambo gakwuuru gọọmentị etiti iji ụlọ ọrụ ahụ dị ka ụlọ ọgwụ nkuzi. Onye isi ala  Goodluck Jonathan, nyere nkwado na 16th August 2013. Mịnịsta na-ahụ maka ahụike Prof. Onyebuchi Chukwu mezigharịrị ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ọgwụ Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe na Dr. Sai'du Abubakar dịka onye isi nlekọta ahụike..

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwere ndị dọkịta, ndị nọọsụ, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nke ụlọ nyocha ahụike, ndị na-ahụ maka ọgwụ, ndị na'ahụ maka ahụike, radiographers na ndị ọrụ nlekọta ahụike ndị ọzọ na ngalaba dị iche iche. N'ime obere oge a na-arụ ọrụ, a na-enwe mmetụta ya na steeti dum na n'ofe ya, n'ihi ohere dị na Gombe na mpaghara North-East, ebe a na-enweta ọtụtụ ndị ntinye aka na steeti ndị agbata  obi.

## Onye isi ahụike
Onye isi nlekọta ahụike ugbu a bụ Dr Yusuf Mohammed Abdullahi, onye na-ahụ maka histopathologist.  Ọ bụ onye isi ahụike nke ise nke ụlọọgwụ, ma nọchie Dr Yahaya Saidu  Alkali.

## Ndị Nchịkwa
thumb|BALA SANI YUSUF Onye Nlekọta Nchịkọta (DA)

* Onye nduzi nchịkwa (DA): Bala Sani Yusuf (Bsc, MPA, MNIM) 
* Onye isi oche Mac Clinicals (DCMAC): Dr. Bukar Lakubbe Yakubu (MBBS, FMCS, FMCorthe) 
* Onye isi oche Kọmitii ndụmọdụ ahụike (CMAC): Dr. Sani Adamu (MBBS, FMCPath, CHEMPATH) 
* Onye isi oche MAC Research and Training (DCMAC): Dr. Adamu Danladi Bojude (MBBS, FWACS, FMCR, MSPH, PhD) 

## Edensibia

Otú:Ȯra Gombe
Asụsụ Smerki

**Smerki** bụ asụsụ Yam a na-asụ na Rawu Biru, Tomer, Tomerau, na Yakiw na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Merauke Regency, Indonesia .  Bârkâli (Barkari) na Smärki nwere ike ịdị iche nke ọma ịgụta dị ka asụsụ dị iche iche. Asụsụ Tamer nwere njikọ chiri anya.

## Ntụaka
Smärki nwere ike ị
Asụsụ Dongo (Nile-Sahara)

Dongo bụ Kresh nke South Sudan, nke dị iche iche nke na ọ bụghị olumba nke Kresh.

Ọtụtụ Asụsụ Ubangian na- Imiri aha Dongo.

## Ihe odide

* Ndepụta Naịl na Sahara (Blench 2000)
Asụsụ Skou

**Skou** (Sekol, Sekou, Sko, Skouw, Skow, Sukou), ma ọ bụ **Tumawo** (Te Mawo), bụ asụsụ Papuan nke Indonesia .

## Nkesa
A na-asụ Skou n'ime obodo atọ dị na Muara Tami District [ id ], Obodo Jayapura . Obodo ndị a bụ: 

* Skou Yambe [id] (Skou name: *Te Tángpe*), the westernmost and most populous Skou village
* Skou Mabo [id] (Skou name: *Te Máwo*), located between Skou Yambe and Skou Sae villages
* Skou Sae [id] (Skou name: *Te Bapúbi*), the easternmost and least populous Skou village

## fonology

### Consonants
Consonants Skou bụ: 

### Udaume
Enwere ike itinye ụdaume n' imi, ewezuga /ɨ/ na /u/. 

### Ụda
Skou na-atụgharị ụda atọ dị iche iche na monosyllables: elu, ala na ọdịda, nke nwere ike jikọta ya na imi imi maka ụzọ isii. 

Ụda dị na Skou jikọtara ya na mkpụrụokwu ọ bụla, karịa na syllable ọ bụla.

Na mgbakwunye na nghọtahie dị iche iche na ụda, ụda nwere ọrụ ụtọasụsụ. 

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụda dị iche na Skou dị iche.

## Nkpọaha
Skou na-ekewa ụdị nnochiaha atọ dị iche iche: nnochiaha efu, nnochiaha genitive na nnọchiaha dative. 

## Ntụaka
che na monosyllables: elu, alaSmärki nwere ike ịdị iche

* Donohue, Mark. 2004. *[http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0012-7AAB-B Grammar nke asụsụ Skou nke New Guinea]* . Singapore: Mahadum Mba nke Singapore. Dị na http://pubman.mpdl.mpg.de/pubman/item/escidoc:402710:4/component/escidoc:402709/skou_donohue2004_s.pdf .
Asụsụ Zorop

**Yafi**, makwaara dị ka **Zorop**, bụ asụsụ Eastern Pauwasi nke West New Guinea . A na-asụ ya na obodo Warlef, Senggi District, Keerom Regency . 

## Okwu ndị bụ isi
N'okpuru bụ ụfọdụ mkpụrụokwu ndị bụ isi na Zorop. 

## Ntụaka
che na monosyllables: elu, ala
Asụsụ Yeretuar

**Yeretuar**, nke a na-akpọ **Umar** ma ọ bụ **Goni**, bụ asụsụ Malayo-Polynesian Eastern na ngalaba asụsụ Cenderawasih nke etinye ya, sitere na Cenderawasih Bay (Geelvink Bay) na West Papua Province nke Western New Guinea, n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Indonesia .

Ọ dịghị ihe jikọrọ ya na asụsụ ndị ọzọ.

## Ntụaka
che na monosyllables: elu, ala