Annie Gravatt

**Annie Gravatt** (Annie Evelyn Rathbun) bụ onye America na-ahụ maka ọrịa gbasara oke ohia. Ebe nyocha ya gụnyere physiology osisi na nchara na-acha ọcha pine. Ọ mụọkwara ihe ọkụkụ Chestnut, ero nke bibiri osisi chestnut America na mmalite narị afọ nke 20. Ya na di ya, George Gravatt, o hiwere obodo ndị Sayensị' Cliffs, Maryland.

## Mmụta
Gravatt nwetara B.A. ya na Mahadum Brown na 1916, na MS ya na 1918. 

## Ọrụ
Gravatt nọrọ ọrụ ya niile na Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo nke United States, na ụlọ ọrụ Bureau of Plant Industry. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na ndị ọrụ nchịkọta akụkọ Phytopathology, akwụkwọ akụkọ nke American Phytopathological Society. Ọ bụ onye otu American Association for the Advancement of Science and the American Phytopathological Society.

## Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara
Ihe na-esonụ bụ ndepụta na-ezughị ezu nke akwụkwọ Gravatt:

* 1918. Osisi fungus nke osisi pine. Phytopathology 8: 469-483. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 582
* 1921. Ụzọ nke ịnye ọgwụ mgbochi kpọmkwem na damping-off fungi. Phytopathology 11: 80-84. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 583
* 1922. Mgbọrọgwụ nke mkpụrụ osisi pine. Phytopathology 12: 213-220, illus. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 584
* 1923. Mgbọrọgwụ nke osisi conifers. Phytopathology 13: 385-391. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 585
* 1925. Ntinye ọgwụ n'onwe ya nke ogwe osisi coniferous na damping- off fungi. Ụbọchị. Ihe mgbakwunye na nke a Res. 30: 327-339, illus. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 586
* 1925. Ọnọdụ ndị bu ụzọ na-ebute ọrịa nke osisi pine ọcha site na Cronartium ribicola na ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ United States. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Spaulding, P. na Annie Rathbun-Gravatt.
* 1925. Ogologo ndụ nke uredospores, teliospores, na sporidia nke Cronartium ribicola (Abstract). [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Spaulding, P. na Annie Rathbun-Gravatt.
* 1925. Inoculation nke osisi pinus strobus na sporidia nke Cronartium ribicola. Ọrịa ahụ: 15: 584-590. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* 1925. Ogologo ndụ nke teliospores na uredospores na-esote nke Cronartium ribicola. Fischer na 1923. Journal of Agriculture, Res. 31: 901-916. Spaulding, P. na Annie Rathbun-Gravatt.
* 1925. Mmetụta nke ihe ndị metụtara anụ ahụ na ịdị irè nke sporidia nke Cronartium ribicola. Fischer na 1923. Journal of Agriculture, Res. 33: 397-433. Spaulding, P. na Annie Rathbun-Gravatt.
* 1927. Mkpụrụ osisi cherry nke ndị amoosu webatara na Japan. Phytopathology 17: 19-24, illus. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 587
* 1927. Nsonaazụ nke inoculating Pinus strobus na sporidia nke Cronartium ribicola. Ụbọchị. Ihe mgbakwunye na nke a Res. 34: 497-510.  (Ihe osise) York, HH. Walter H Snell Annie Gravatt.
* 1931. Mfu nke mkpụrụ osisi coniferous n'ihi nje. Ụbọchị. Ihe mgbakwunye na nke a Nzọụkwụ 42: 71-92. Gravatt, Annie Rathbun, na ndị ọzọ. 588
* 1937. Mmetụta ụfọdụ nke ọrịa osisi na mgbanwe nke mkpụrụ osisi. Phytopathology: 27: 159-171. Carl Hartley, Annie Gravatt
* 1942. Systemic brooming, ọrịa nje nke igurube ojii. Ụbọchị. Ọhịa 40: 253-260, illus. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 581

## Ugwu Ndị Sayensị
Annie Gravatt na di ya George "Flippo" Gravatt guzobere obodo nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị Cliffs, Maryland na 1937.  Annie na George nwere mmasị na mbụ na saịtị Calvert County, na-eleghara Chesapeake Bay anya, n'ihi na ha chere na ọ nwere ike dị ka ebe nchekwa maka American chestnut. Na mbụ, ebe ahụ bụ ụyọkọ ụlọ ezumike, gụnyere Gravatts', nke e ji osisi chestnut gburu site na ọrịa ahụ. N'ikpeazụ, obodo ahụ toro ma dọta ndị bi n'afọ niile, ma taa, o nwere ihe karịrị ụlọ 200. Ndị otu na obodo ahụ bụ ndị a na-ahọrọ; ndị ga-enwe ụlọ ga-enwerịrị ogo dị elu ma ọ bụ nwee "ahụmahụ ọkachamara pụrụ iche". 

N'afọ 1980, American Chestnut Land Trust zụrụ ihe onwunwe Gravatt. A na-akpọ ụzọ njem, "Gravatt Lane," na "Gravatta Stream" dị nso iji sọpụrụ Gravatts. Ụlọ Gravatts bụzi ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na-egosi fossils na ndụ mmiri.

## Edemsibia