William Cumming (onye na-ese ihe)

William Lee Cumming (March 24, 1917 - Nọvemba 22, 2010) [1] bụ onye omenkà America nke mbụ afọ nke 20 ama ama, na-akpa ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ Northwest .  Onye na-ese okwu - ọ bụ onye Stalinist siri ike ruo ogologo oge, ma na-ekwu okwu asaa, ma na-ekwu okwu okwu na echiche ya [2] - mechara bụrụ onye a na-eme ihe dị ka onye na-ahụ ihe dị  mkpa na onye na-ese ihe iche na nkà ọgbara ọhụrụ, a na-eji ike mgba.  Pacific Northwest.

## Akụkọ ndụ

Amuru Cumming na March 24, 1917, na Kalispell, Montana, nye James Rutherford na Helen Dorcas (Edmiston) Cumming.  [1] Nna ya bụ onye na-ere ahihia.  Eziniche ahụ kwagara Portland, Oregon, na mgbe Cumming dị afã asaa, gaa Tukwila, Washington, obodo ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndí Seattle. 

N'ịbụ onye nkà nwere ike n'ebe ọ nọ, Bill na-eto eto weere ihe site na akwụkwọ ozi wee gaa na nsonazụ izu gaa n'ọbá akwụkwọ Ọhaneze Seattle, bụ ebe ọ jikọtara onwe ya ihe mere eme nka.  Site na nwata ọ maara ọrụ ndị na-ese ihe na mpaghara - dị ka Morris Graves, Mark Tobey, na Kenneth Callahan - bụ ndị a ga-emesị mara dị ka 'Northwest School'.  Mgbe ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Foster High School na 1934, ọ gara obere ụlọ akwụkwọ nkeonwe dị na Seattle.  N'ịbụ onye ịrịba mbà n'obi na-aga nke ọma, o biri n' akara dị na Tukwila mgbe ọ na-amụ ihe nkà mgbe ụfọdụ ma na-egosi ọrụ ya n'aka ndị na-achọ ọrụ.  Ọ fịnaghị ọrụ, mana kụ ọkụ n'obi ya na nka nka dị egwu mere ka o zute ọtụtụ ndị otu obere obodo nka Seattle, na ọrụ ( nnyefe akwụkwọ) ide akwụkwọ ozi nka obodo The Town Crier .  N'ikpeazụ, Robert Bruce Inverarity goro ya ọrụ, ịse foto, na-arụ ọrụ na-adịghị mma na WPA's Federal Art Project, bụ nke zutere Morris Graves na ndị enyi ya.  Ọ bịara nso onye na-ese ihe / onye edemede Margaret Callahan, onye gbara ya ume nke ukwuu n'ịkpọ ụdị ụdị mbụ.  Ndị dike ihe nka nke Seattle dọra adọ n'ime ihe osise ya, na 1940 ọ meri ihe nrite kacha elu maka mmiricolor na ihe ngosi kwa afọ nke 26th Northwest SAM.  N'afọ 1941, ụlọ ihe ochie mgbe nyere ya ihe ngosi nke mbụ ya. 

Ma n'ihi ndị agha ndị ya, na ụkwara nta, ndị ọrụ Cumming mgbe ụfọdụ.  Ọ ọtụtụ ugboro n'ime Agha mgbochi nke nche na Firland Sanatorium.  N'afọ 1945, ọ-akọrọ onye òtù Kọmunist.  Ndị were ya ndị mmadụ debara ya aha ojii wee kewapụ obodo nka na mkparị Stalinism ya;  o kere obere nka nka n'oge a.  N'afọ 1957, mgbe ndị na-eke Atọ nri, nweekwa nsogbu ahụ́ ike nke akpa ume ọzọ, ọ na-enwe ndị Kọmunist ma agha ilekọta onwe ya nke ukwuu.  Ahụ́ ike ya katara nke ukwuu, ọtakwara ọrịa kasị baa uru n'ahụ ya.  Ɣâ Ɣâ Ɖakpe Ƒe Ƒe Ʋɔnudrɔ̃ƒe na Burnley School of Professional Art (nkenke Art Institute of Seattle ), na mgbe e ezi na Cornish College of Arts [1] [2] N'agbanyeghị ọgbaghara nke ndị agha radical, okwu ikpe ikpe ziri ezi nsogbu na  eze na ikike ndị ọrụ ka isi.  dị mkpa nye ya n'oge ndụ ya niile 

Ọ bụ ebe na Cumming bụ ezigbo enyi ya na ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe bụ ndị a dị ka ndị otu 'Northwest School', ọrụ ya tozuru etozu ngwaọrụ ihe ya na-ahụ ụwa, nke sitere n'ike nsso nke ụdị.  .  Nkà ya na-egosi ihe atụ, na-ekiri oge nke ndụ kwa ụbọchị na-eji ìhè na ihe ụdị n'ụdị ọrịa strok sara mbara, na-eji agba ndị dị iche, na- misalin mee ka onye na-ekiri.  ihe na-ese ihe na-emesi ihe ndi bụ isi ike.  Ihe nkiri ya na-agụnyekarị ndị mmadụ ma ọ bụ anụmanụ, ma ọ bụ na-ahụ ahụ ma ọ bụ na ihe ngosi nke ndụ.  Nkọwa ihu dị egwu.  Dị ka onye nkuzi ndụ, Cumming ga- njikere na ị nwere ike ike enyi gị n'ụzọ ụzọ naanị site na ije na ọnọdụ ha, na-ahụghị ihu ha.  Asụsụ ahụ bụ isi ihe n'ahụ ya.  N'ihi nke a, ọ nwa ka ụmụ akwụkwọ na-ese ihe osise site na ebe nchekwa nke nleba anya kama ịse kpọmkwem kpọmkwem.

N'ọgwụgwụ 1950s na mmalite 60s ọrụ Cumming nwetara ihe nrite n'ọtụtụ asọmpi ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ, na 1961, Seattle Art Museum gosipụtara ihe ngosi solo na-aga nke ọma. N'oge alụmdi na nwunye ya na Sue Kruger (na afọ iri na asaa, nke kachasị ogologo n'ime alụmdi na nwunye asaa) ọ kwagara Upper Preston, Washington, ebe ịnyịnya abụọ ahụ zụlitere, bụ nke ghọrọ isiokwu na-emekarị nke Cumming. Ọ gara n'ihu na-ezi ihe n'oge ndụ ya niile, wee bụrụ onye a ma ama maka echiche ya n'ezoghị ọnụ. Ọ kparịrị echiche nke ọmarịcha nka, na-ekwupụta na onye na-ese ihe kacha amasị ya bụ Eustace Ziegler, onye na-ese ihe nkiri ihunanya nke Alaska. 

Cumming dere Sketchbook, A Memoir of the 30s & the Northwest School, nke e edi na 1984. [1] Akwụkwọ ọzọ, William Cumming: The Image of Consequence, [2] site na Cumming na Matthew Kangas, bụkwa nke e kere na 2005.  , na njikọ ihe ngosi nke ọrụ Cumming na Frye Art Museum.

Cumming nwụrụ n'ihi nkụchi obi na Nọvemba 22, 2010, mgbe ọ dị afọ 93 na Seattle, Washington .  A na-eli William Cumming na Seattle's Lakeview Cemetery, otu ebe a na-eli ozu ndị isi Seattle na Bruce Lee. 

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ

* Cumming, W. (1961). *William Cumming* . Seattle, WA: Seattle Art Museum. OCLC 78655618
* Cumming, W. (1984). *Akwụkwọ eserese: ihe ncheta nke 1930 na ụlọ akwụkwọ Northwest* . Seattle: Mahadum nke Washington Press . ISBN&nbsp;
* Kangas, M., & Cumming, W. (2005). *William Cumming: onyonyo nke nsonaazụ* . Seattle: Charles na Emma Frye Art Museum, na mmekorita ya na Mahadum Washington Press, Seattle. ISBN&nbsp;

## Ntụaka