Asụsụ Proto-Niger-Congo

**Proto-Niger-Congo** bụ asụsụ proto-asụsụ e wughachiri nke Ezinụlọ asụsụ Niger-Congo.

## Eziokwu ya
'adịghị ka Nilo-Saharan, ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ na ndị Africa na-anabata asụsụ Niger-Congo. Atlantic-Congo (n'ụzọ siri ike, Niger-Congo ma ewezuga asụsụ Mande, Kru, Siamou, Kordofanian, Dogon na Ijoid) ka *Glottolog* 4.4.

## Mmalite
Blench (2006,  2016) na-atụ aro na Proto-Niger-Congo malitere ihe dị ka afọ 11-10,000 tupu ugbu a n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke "Green Sahara" nke Africa (ihe dịka Sahel na ndịda Sahara), nakwa na mgbasa ya nwere ike ijikọta ya na mgbasa nke ụta na akụ site na ndị na-achụ nta na-achịkọta.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Ụda ụda
Larry Hyman (2016) na-eweghachi Ụda abụọ dị iche iche maka Proto-Niger-Congo, nke bụ: 

### Ọdịdị ụdaume
A na-eche na Proto-Niger-Congo nwere usoro mgbọrọgwụ disyllabic yiri nke Proto-Bantu, ya bụ (C) V-CVCV  (Williamson 2000,  wdg). Otú  dị, Roger Blench (2016) na-atụ aro usoro syllabic trisyllabic (CVCV) maka mgbọrọgwụ Proto-Niger-Congo,  ebe Konstantin Pozdniakov (2016) na-egosi na isi usoro prototypical nke mgbọrọgwụ proto-Niger - Congo bụ *CVC, tinyere disyllabic, trisyllabic, na ọdịiche ndị ọzọ. [2]

## Ọdịdị

### Ụdị aha
Enwere ike ịmegharị klas aha maka Proto-Niger-Congo. Ntinye aha na Proto-Niger-Congo gụnyere: 

* *aha klas 1*: prefix maka otu mmadụ
* *aha klas 2*: prefix maka ọtụtụ mmadụ
* *aha klas 6A*: prefix maka aha mmiri na aha buru ibu ("uncountables") 

N'okpuru ebe a bụ ụfọdụ akara aha Niger-Congo (Good 2020:145,  site na Schadeberg 1989:72 ):

N'okpuru ebe a bụ ụfọdụ Proto-Niger-Congo, Proto-Bantu, na Proto-Atlantic verbal extensions (Good 2020:146,  site na Hyman 2007:157 ):

* ngwaa mgbọrọgwụ: *pend* 'ịhụnanya'
** na-emegharị: *pendana* 'ịhụ ibe gị n'anya'
** ngwa: *Pendua* 'ịhụnanya'
** ihe kpatara ya: *Pendza* 'ịdị mma'

## Aha nnọchiaha
Güldemann' (2018) Proto-Niger-Congo pronoun reconstructions, maka pronouns nke mbụ na nke abụọ (otu na otutu), ka enyere n'okpuru ebe a.

 (2013) bụ nyocha zuru ezu nke nnọchiaha n'asụsụ Niger-Congo, yana nrụzigharị zuru ezu.

## Ọnụ ọgụgụ
Konstantin Pozdniakov (2018) ebipụtala nkọwa zuru ezu nke ọnụọgụ Proto-Niger-Congo, yana nrụzigharị zuru oke maka alaka ndị dị ala nke Niger-Congo phylum. Pozdniakov (2018: 293)  na Güldemann (2018: 147) wughachiri nọmba ndị a maka Proto-Niger-Congo. 

Aha osisi ndị ọzọ nwere nkesa zuru oke na West Africa:

* Milicia excelsa: odum, iroko (na Ghana na Nigeria) 
* *Funtumia elastica* (osisi rọba): o-fruntum (na Ghana) 
* *Sesamum indicum* (sesame): #-sVwa (Benue-Congo) 
* *Abelmoschus esculentus* (okra): ɔ́kʊrʊ, ɪkɪabʊ, akɛnɛta (n'ebe ndịda Naijiria) 

### Anụmanụ
N'okpuru ebe a bụ ụfọdụ ihe owuwu nke Niger-Congo maka aha anụmanụ nke Blench nyere (2007 ), yana ụfọdụ ihe owuwe ihe ubi dabere na Blench (2006). 

## Hụkwa

* Asụsụ Proto-Bantu
* Asụsụ Proto-Afro-Eshia
* Haplogroup E-M2

## Akwụkwọ

* 
* 
* Grollemund, Rebecca, Simon Branford, Jean-Marie Hombert & Mark Pagel. 2016. *[https://llacan.cnrs.fr/nigercongo2/abstracts/Grollemund_Hombert_Pagel-Genetic%20Unity%20of%20the%20Niger-Congo%20family.pdf Ịdị n'otu nke ezinụlọ Niger-Congo]*. Akwụkwọ e gosipụtara maka 2nd International Congress "Towards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction", Paris, 1-3 September, 2016.

## Edensibia
ezu nke ọnụọgụ Proto-Niger-Congo, yana nrụzigharị zuru oke maka alaka ndị dị ala nke Niger-Congo phylum. Pozdniakov (2018: 293)  na Güldemann (2018: 147) wughachiri

## Njikọ mpụga

* N'ebe Proto-Niger-Congo nọ: Ntụnyere na Nrụzigharị
* Ọrụ nrụzigharị Niger-Congo na LLACAN
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations