David Johnson (onye na-ese foto)

**David S. Johnson** (August 3, 1926 - Maachị 1, 2024) bụ onye na-ese foto America. A maara ya maka ngosipụta ya nke ọha mmadụ, ndụ obodo mepere emepe na omenala jazz nke San Francisco's Fillmore District na 1940s na 1950s, yana ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ngagharị ikike obodo nke 1960s. Amụrụ na Florida n'okpuru nkewa wee zụọ ya na California School of Fine Arts, ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ America mbụ nke onye na-ese foto Ansel Adams . 

## Ndụ mbido
A mụrụ Johnson na August 3, 1926, na Jacksonville, Florida, ma zụlitere site n'aka nne na nna na-azụ Alice Johnson (nke o si na ya wepụrụ aha ya) na John Henry.   Ọ tolitere ogbenye na Florida kewapụrụ iche na ezigara nna nkuchi ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ mgbe David dị afọ anọ.  Devid bụ nanị onye nwere ike ịgụ ihe ma ọ bụ ide ihe n’ezinụlọ ya.  Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Lewis Grade na Stanton High School na Jacksonville.  Ọ malitere inwe mmasị na foto mgbe ọ bụ nwata mgbe o meriri igwefoto na asọmpi, na ọchịchọ ya ịbụ onye na-ese foto siri ike mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị n'oge njem okpomọkụ na Washington DC.

Tupu ọ gụchaa ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, e debanyere ya na ndị agha mmiri US n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. Ọ gara San Francisco n'oge ya na ndị agha mmiri, e zigara ya Philippines. Mgbe ọ laghachiri na Jacksonville ọ gụrụ na Ansel Adams ehiwela mmemme ịse foto mara mma na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ California nke Fine Arts . N'enweghị ọzụzụ nkuzi na foto mana ejiri ego GI Bill kwadoro, Johnson degaara Adams akwụkwọ ịrịọ maka nnabata na mmemme ahụ, na-agwa Adams na ọ bụ onye isi ojii. Adams zara na agbụrụ adịghị mkpa, mana na klaasị juru. Mgbe otu nwa akwụkwọ kwụsịrị, na-eke ohere, Adams dere ọzọ, na-akpọ Johnson ka ọ banye na mmemme ahụ, na ka ya na Adams biri ruo mgbe ọ chọtara ebe obibi.  

## San Francisco
Johnson rutere San Francisco na 1945 ma biri nwa oge n'ụlọ Adams na mpaghara Oké Osimiri Cliff, na-aghọ nwa akwụkwọ ojii mbụ ya.  Johnson kwadoro Adams maka ịkụziri ya ka ọ were anya nke uche ya hụ ogbugba tupu ese ya, ma kwuo na mmasị ya na foto akwụkwọ bụ Adams na-ese foto ogige ndị Japan .  Johnson ghọrọ akụkụ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ nke Fine Art's "Golden Decade" (1945-1955), otu ụmụ akwụkwọ foto ndị zụrụ azụ n'okpuru ndị nka ama ama dịka Adams, Imogen Cunningham, Dorothea Lange na Minor White . 

N'oge na-adịghị anya Johnson chọpụtara Fillmore District, agbata obi nke nwere nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị Africa America na-eto ngwa ngwa n'obodo ahụ. Foto ya bụ ụfọdụ foto nke ndụ ndị America America na Fillmore tupu mmepe obodo mepere emepe nke 1960s.  Ihe ndị ọ na-achị gụnyere ụmụaka, ndị obodo, ndị na-eme ihe nkiri, na ndị na-egwu egwu, ọ na-ese foto ndị America a ma ama na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ọha mmadụ, na ikike obodo, gụnyere Langston Hughes, Thurgood Marshall, Jackie Robinson, WEB Du Bois, na Willie Brown .  Foto a ma ama, na otu n'ime ọkacha mmasị Johnson, bụ nke nwata nwoke dị afọ 5 nọ ọdụ na steepụ ụlọ ụka. Aha ya *Clarence*, ọ bụ Foto *San Francisco Chronicle* ' nke izu na 1947, na foto mbụ nke Johnson kwụrụ.  

Johnson gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1949, ya na nwunye ya, Lucy, meghere Johnson Photography Studio na mpaghara San Francisco's Western Addition . Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye ode akwụkwọ nzi ozi yana onye na-ese foto na-akwụghị ụgwọ ya na *Sun Reporter* na akwụkwọ Bay Area ndị ọzọ. Na post ọfịs ọ ghọrọ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na otu ndị ọrụ, na 1953 ghọrọ onyeisi oche nke San Francisco isi nke National Alliance of Postal Employees, otu isi nke o nyere aka guzobe.  Ọ tinyere aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị San Francisco na isi NAACP mpaghara, ma ziga ya dị ka onye nnọchiteanya ka ọ see foto 1963 March na Washington . N'ikpeazụ, ọ nweghị ike ịkwado azụmahịa foto ya n'ụzọ ego ma mechie ụlọ ọrụ ya, hapụ foto ọkachamara mgbe ọ na-achụso ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. 

## Mgbe afọ gachara
áká_èkpè|thumb| Johnson gosipụtara igwefoto mpịaji izizi ya na okwu 2010
Na 1999, nwa ya nwanyị gbara ya ume ka o nyefee foto na akwụkwọ akụkọ KQED na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Mpaghara Fillmore. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ mechara tinye foto akụkọ ihe mere eme 17 nke Johnson, wee maliteghachi ọrụ foto ya. N'oge okpomọkụ nke 2000, e mere ihe ngosi nke nchịkọta Fillmore ya na Fort Mason na Center for Africanl and African American Art and Culture.  Ihe ngosi nke foto akụkọ ihe mere eme na nke oge a sochiri, gụnyere ihe ngosi na California State University, Chico, Mahadum California, Merced,  na veranda dị na Atlanta  na Washington, DC 

Johnson bụ onye nnata Asambodo Sọpụrụ na Foto site n'aka onye isi obodo San Francisco Gavin Newsom na 2004, yana ihe nrite Fillmore Heritage Pioneer na 2011. Na 2012 o wepụtara akwụkwọ, *A Dream Begun So Long Ago,* nke nwunye ya Jacqueline Annette Sue dere. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi oche nke kọmitii Mayor iji weghachi Haight Ashbury na dịka onye isi oche San Francisco African American Historical & Cultural Society gara aga.  A kanyere aha ya n'akụkụ ụzọ nke Fillmore's Gene Suttle Plaza. Na 2017, aha ya so na ndị na-asọ mpi iji dochie aha Justin Herman Plaza nke San Francisco.  

Johnson weere onwe ya dị ka " griot " nke oge a, onye na-akọ akụkọ, ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na onye na-akọ akụkọ omenala West Africa .  N'afọ ndị sochirinụ, ka ọ nọgidere na-arụsi ọrụ ike na foto, ọ gbanwere n'ichekwa ihe nketa ya, na dị ka nke 2015 na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na ndị ohu ojii nke Sullivan's Island, South Carolina .  N'afọ 2016, ọbá akwụkwọ Bancroft na Mahadum California, Berkeley nwetara akwụkwọ ndekọ aha Johnson nke ụfọdụ ihe adịghị mma na mbipụta 5,000, nchịkọta mbụ nke onye na-ese foto Africa America ka edebere n'ọbá akwụkwọ. 

## Ndụ onwe onye
Johnson nwere ụmụ anọ ya na nwunye mbụ ya, Lucy Ellis, nwụrụ na 2008.   O mechara lụọ Jacqueline Annette Sue, onye edemede. Ọ bụ onye bi ogologo oge na San Francisco's Fillmore District, ma mesịa kwaga Marin County, ebe o biri na Greenbrae, California .   David Johnson nwụrụ site na nsogbu nke mgbaka na oyi baa n'ụlọ ya na March 1, 2024, mgbe ọ dị afọ 97.  

## Ntụaka
akụkọ ahụ mechara tinye foto akụkọ ihe mere eme 17 nke Johnson, wee maliteghachi ọrụ foto ya. N'oge okpomọkụ nke 2000, e mere ihe ngosi nke nchịkọta Fillmore ya na Fort Mason na Center for African Sue dere. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi oche nke kọmitii Mayor iji weghachi Haight Ashbury na dịka onye isi oche San Francisco African

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

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## Njikọ mpụga

* Positive Negatives: The Photography of David Johnson on Vimeo
* David Johnson on KQED-FM's  (2013)
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations