open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
William Halsall

William Formby Halsall (March 20, 1841 [1] - Nọvemba 7, 1919) bụ onye na-ese mmiri ara ehi na Kirkdale, England.  Nne na nna ya bụ John na Meri. 

Ọ biri na Provincetown, Massachusetts ma dịka nwa amaala US .

## Mariner na fresco eserese
Halsall akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Boston wee mmiri ọrụ dị ka onye ọkwọ ụgbọ aafa asaa site na 1852 ruo 1859. Na 1860, ọ ụgbọ ihe ihe osise fresco mana n'ihi ihe nke Agha Obodo America, ọ debanyere aha na ndị agha mmirika United States  .  Ɔ ጉልህ afa ihe fresco ya mgbe afọ jere ozi.

## Eserese mmiri
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|300x300px| ''Mayflower na Plymouth Harbor'', otu n'ime ihe osise Halsall ama ama (1882)
Na 1862, Halsall nyere ka ọ bụrụ na mmiri mmiri wee àgwà na Lowell Institute na Boston ruo 1870. [1] Halsall bụkwa onye ntọala nke Provincetown Art Association na 1914. 

Ọ nwụrụ na Winthrop, Massachusetts na November 7, 1919 

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Works by William Halsall at Project Gutenberg
* Works by or about William Halsall at Internet Archive
Bessie Charles

**Bessie Ada Charles** (1869 - 4 Nọvemba 1932) bụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ Britain. Na 1900, ọ ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị inyom mbụ batara na Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA).

## Ndụ mbido
Bessie Charles, nwanne ya nwanyị Ethel Charles na nwanne ya nwoke Ronald Charles mụrụ na Calcutta nye Thomas Edmonton Charles (1834-1906), dọkịta na-eme ihe na nzuzo (bụkwa dibịa na-asọpụrụ Eze Edward VII ),   na Ada Henrietta. Charles (1848-1931/2). 

## Ọrụ
N'agbata 1892 na 1895, Bessie na Ethel ka edegara Sir Ernest George na Peto akwụkwọ, omume ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke Ernest George na Harold Peto . N'afọ 1892, a tụrụ aro ka ha bụrụ ndị otu Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Na-ahụ Maka Architectural Association, mana ha kwụsịrị mgbe mmegide gasịrị. Ha gara ụlọ akwụkwọ nke architecture na The Bartlett ( University College London ), na-amụ ije dị ka ọmarịcha nka, ihe ọmụmụ na architectural akụkọ ihe mere eme (akwụkwọ akụkọ nke abụọ, 1892-3); Otú ọ dị, ha ewereghị ihe ndị ọkachamara nke mmemme ahụ, bụ ndị echeghị na ọ dị mma maka ụmụ akwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị. Ha bụ ụmụ nwanyị mbụ gụrụ akwụkwọ na architecture na UCL.  Na 1900, Bessie nwetara ule ntozu maka Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) wee họpụta ya, otu afọ ka Ethel gachara. 

Site na 1898 ruo 1905 Ethel na Bessie Charles biri ọnụ na Marylebone, London, n'ime ụlọ nke na-enye ebe obibi maka ụmụ nwanyị ọkachamara na-alụbeghị di. Ụmụnna nwanyị abụọ ahụ na-ebi site n'oge ruo n'oge n'ụlọ ezinaụlọ dị na Camberley, Surrey, mana ha tụgharịrị uche nke omume ụkpụrụ ụlọ ha na Clift Cottage na Flushing, Cornwall . Ọrụ ha kacha ama ama bụ Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Ndị Kraịst nke dị na Mylor Bridge, na nso Falmouth (1907).  

## Hụkwa

* Ụmụ nwanyị na architecture

## Ntụaka
Teresa Borsuk

**Teresa Anna Borsuk** (amuru na Nọvemba 1956) bu onye omekorita Britain. Ọ bụ nnukwu onye mmekọ na ụlọ ọrụ ụkpụrụ ụlọ Pollard Thomas Edwards, ma aha ya bụ Woman Architect of the Year site na *Architects' Journal* na 2015.

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Teresa Anna Borsuk na November 1956.  Ọ nwere mmasị na ụkpụrụ ụlọ site na nwata; O kwuwo na ịrụ ụlọ ndị nlereanya n'ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala nna ya na iji Lego egwuri egwu "mere ka m nwee mmasị ịmata ọrụ ahụ".  Ọ gara The Bartlett School of Architecture na University College London, nata ya Graduate Diploma in Architecture na 1981.  Ọ nọrọkwa afọ agụmakwụkwọ na Mahadum Kansas . 

Ụlọ ọrụ ihe owuwu nke mbụ ebe Borsuk na-eme bụ DEGW, ụlọ ọrụ ihe owuwu na ụlọ ọrụ nke Frank Duffy, Peter Eley, Luigi Giffone hiwere. na John Worthington bụ ọkachamara n'ichepụta ebe ọrụ.  Ọrụ mbụ ya bụ ntụgharị nke ụlọ ọrụ Christie dị na Amsterdam. Ọ sonyeere omume Pollard Thomas Edwards na 1984 wee rụchaa ọrụ na ụlọ, ndozigharị na mmepe ejikọtara ọnụ .  Ọrụ ndị a gụnyere oru ngo a na-enweta mmeri 'The Granary', Walthamstow Town Center na Walthamstow, Greater London, na mweghachi nke Royal Gunpowder Mills na Waltham Abbey .  

A họpụtara Borsuk onye isi nchịkwa nke Pollard Thomas Edwards na 1999 wee bụrụ nnukwu onye mmekọ na 2014 ka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-eme ememe ncheta 40th ya. N'otu afọ ahụ Borsuk mezuru mmepe obibi nke nwere ụlọ 76 akpọrọ "The Avenue" na Saffron Walden, Essex .  Na 2015 a kpọrọ ya nwanyị Architect of the Year site na *Architects' Journal* maka mbọ ọ na-agba iji kwalite nha anya nwoke na nwanyị na omume ya; Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụmụ nwanyị na ndị ọrụ Pollard Thomas Edwards gbagoro ihe karịrị pasenti 50 n'okpuru nduzi Borsuk. 

## Ntụaka
egwu egwu "mere ka m nwee ike ire ọrụ ahụ".  Ọ gara The Bartlett School of sonyeere omume Pollard Thomas Edwards na

## Njikọ mpụga
 
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Herbert Ashwin Budd

**Herbert Ashwin Budd** (1881–1950) bụ onye na-ese ihe na Britain nke na-ese ihe osise na ala na mmanụ.

A mụrụ Budd na 1881 na Staffordshire . Ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka ụgbọ njem London na 1930, na-emepụta akwụkwọ mmado. Ọ bụ onye mmekọ nke Royal College of Art site na 1907 wee gosipụta na New English Art Club na Royal Academy . Ọ bụ onye otu Royal Institute of Oil Painters site na 1921 wee nye ya aha nsọpụrụ na 1927 Paris Salon . Ọ kụziri na St Martin's School of Art site na 1929 ruo 1949. 

Ọ nwụrụ na 1950.  Ọrụ ya dị na mkpokọta nke Imperial War Museum, Royal Society of Chemistry, City of London Corporation, Potteries Museum &amp;amp; Art Gallery, na ndị ọzọ.  

Mbipụta bromide nke foto foto Budd, nke Elliott & Fry dere, dị na National Portrait Gallery . 

## Ihe osise nke Budd (nhọrọ)

Usòrò:The_end_of_the_story_(012803).jpg|alt=The end of the story| *Ọgwụgwọ nke*
Usòrò:Francis_Richard_Dale,_Headmaster_of_the_City_of_London_School_(1929–1950)_—_COL_GAG_1380-001.jpg| *Francis Richard Dale*
Usòrò:Herbert_ashwin_budd_roi_travel_to_the_theatre_111518).jpg|alt=Travel to the theatre| *Njem na ihe nkiri*
Usòrò:View_on_the_Churnet_-_Herbert_Ashwin_Budd.jpg|alt=View on the Churnet| *Lelee na Churnet*


## Ntụaka
mmekọ nke Royal College of Art site na 1907 wee

## Njikọ mpụga

* 8 artworks by or after Herbert Ashwin Budd at the Art UK site
Marc Handelman

Marc Handelman (amuru Santa Clara, California, 1975) bu onye ihe osise America bi ma na-aru oru na Brooklyn, New York .  Ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Rhode Island School of Design (RISD) na-enweta BFA na ụzọ na 1998, yana akwụkwọ uche nke Art History.  Ɔ ቀደም afɔ n'ime afɔ ndị na RISD na European Honors Programme, na-amụ na Rome .  Na 2003, e nyere ya MFA na Visual Arts si Mahadum Columbia .

A mara ya maka nnukwu ike, na USB ala na ihe oyiyi.  Egosiwo ọrụ Handelman na mba ụwa wee ya na ihe ngosi USA Today na Royal Academy na London.  O sonyela na ihe ngosi n'ọtụtụ veranda azụmahịa ama dị ka Lombard-Freid Fine Arts, Elizabeth Dee Gallery na New York, na Marc Selwyn Fine Art na Los Angeles.  Sikkema Jenkins & Co. nọchitere ya na New York.

## Njikọ mpụga

* Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Sikkema Jenkins & Co., Ltd
* Marc Handelman - Ihe osise - Saatchi Gallery
* Pịa njikọ
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Dexter Brown

**Dexter Brown** (amụrụ 1942) bụ onye na-ese ihe nkiri Britain. A maara ya nke ọma maka ịse ụgbọ ala ịgba ọsọ yana eserese ndị ama ama.

## Ndụ mbido
A mụrụ Dexter Brown na 19 Disemba 1942 na Middlesex, England.  Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Harrow School of Art . 

## Ọrụ
Ọ malitere ọrụ ya site n'ịrụ ọrụ na mgbasa ozi.  Na 1978, ọ kwụsịrị ọrụ ụbọchị ya wee malite eserese egwu egwu dị ndụ na Electric Ballroom na Camden High Street na London .  Afọ atọ ka e mesịrị, site na 1981, o chepụtara ihe mkpuchi album na uwe ogbo nke onye na-abụ abụ pop Toyah Willcox .  Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ihe na-ebi na Duke of York Theatre, mgbe o mere ihe onyonyo Al Pacino, Glenda Jackson na Billy Connolly .  O mewokwa ihe osise nke Nicole Kidman, Billie Piper na Angelina Jolie . 

## Ntụaka
mkpuchi album na uwe ogbo nke onye na-abụ abụ

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Charles Buchel

thumb| Ụlọ Nzukọ Radclyffe, nke Charles Buchel sere (1918)
A mụrụ Buchel na Mainz, Germany, mana ọ kwagara England mgbe ọ bụ nwata. Buchel gụrụ nka na Royal Academy Schools . Onye na-eme ihe nkiri, Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree goro ya na 1898 ma soro ya rụọ ọrụ afọ iri na isii. 

Buchel sere ọtụtụ foto osisi, ma chepụtakwa mmemme ihe nkiri na akwụkwọ ịma ọkwa mgbasa ozi maka ihe nkiri. O sere ọtụtụ ihe atụ maka magazin ụlọ ihe nkiri nke oge ya. A na-echeta Buchel nke ọma maka ịse ọtụtụ kpakpando ogbo nke oge ya, gụnyere Lily Langtry, Henry Irving na George Alexander . 

Buchel lụrụ na 1897 na Janet Buyers. A mụrụ nwa ha nwoke, Philip Stuart Buchel na 1906. 

Ọ bụ ezie na amabeghị ụbọchị kpọmkwem, Charles Buchel nwụrụ na 1950 na 78 afọ.  Enwere ike ịhụ ọrụ ndụ ya na National Portrait Gallery, yana Victoria na Albert Museum .

## Ntụaka
Frank Handlen

**Frank William Handlen** (Septemba 26, 1916 - Mee 25, 2023) bụ onye America na-ese ihe, ọkpụkpụ na onye na-ede ụgbọ mmiri, nke ama ama maka mmiri mmiri ya.
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Saltwind, nke Frank W. Handlen dere

## Akụkọ ndụ
Amụrụ na Brooklyn na 1916, ma tolite na Caldwell, New Jersey, Handlen na-egosi ụgbọ mmiri, oke osimiri na mpaghara Maine na akụkụ na pastels.  N'afọ 1938, onye mama, onye na-ese ụgbọ mmiri *Frederick Judd Waugh*, gbara ya ume ka ọ gaa Maine, "ebe ọ ga-adị n'ihu gị".  Handlen biri na mbụ na Biddeford Pool na emesia na Kennebunkport. Mgbe ọ bụ nwa nwaanyị, ọ bụ ọrụ n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Bernie Warner dị na ike Kennebunk ma ike chepụta ma wuo ụkwụ ya anọ iri na isii, ton topsail schooner, The Saltwind, nke a na-akpa n'osimiri Kennebunk n'  azụ ụlọ ya, dị nso na saịtị ahụ.  ụgbọ mmiri ochie.  N'afọ 1994, e nyere ya ọrụ ka o nnukwu ihe oyiyi ọla kọpa, Anyị Forebears of the Coast, nke guzo na Kennebunkport River Green..

Handlen bụ onye otu American Society of Marine Artists maka afọ 22. O gosiputara "Seapiece Akụkọ nke Nwa nwoke Maine" nke Will Beale na "Akụkọ nke Maine maka Ndị Na-agụ Akwụkwọ Na-eto Eto" nke Melville Freeman na Estelle Hale Perry dere. Passel ya, ndu na ndu pen na ink bụ nke ndị na-anakọta onwe ya na ụlọ ọrụ Lee Kennebunkport Historical Society, The Brick Store Museum, MBNA, Sears Roebuck na The St. Botolph Club na Boston.  Ọ tụpụtara 100 na September 2016,na 105 na 2021.   Handlen nwụrụ na Biddeford, Maine, na Mee 25, 2023, mgbe ọ dị afọ 106. 

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Official website
William L. Haney

William L. Haney (amuru June 17, 1938 na Strong City, Kansas ; gburu Maachị 22, 1992) ka amatara maka ihe osise ndị na-eme n'ezie.  Ewubere ihe osise ya dị ka kọlụm echiche mgbasawanye ọha na eze na ndị agha na-ejedebe apụ nke 20. Haney na-etinye aka nke ukwuu na ndị ihe mere eme nka, na-ekwukarị ndị na-ese ihe na ụwa gbara ya.  gburugburu.  Usoro nka ya ịkpọ ịse na ahụkọta ihe onyonyo sitere na magazin, akwụkwọ mmado, na ebe ndị ọzọ.  Na-emekarị, ọ ga-ebu ụzọ n'ụzọ watercolor wee mee mgbanwe dị ka mmalite agba, mechaa ya na ntụgharị echiche ma bipụta ya.  Nkà onye na-ese ihe na-enye ya nhọrọ ịse na kwaaji na-achọ nke isiokwu.  A mmasị ya dị ka onye na-eme ihe n'eziokwu na onye na-ese foto-realist.  Ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe n'oge a na-arụ ọrụ na oke-ezigbo ma ọ bụ hyper-realistic style bụ Richard Estes na Robert Birmelin .

## Ndụ
N'oge ọ bụ nwata, nwata, Haney kwagara Topeka, Kansas, ebe ọ Tamil na nwata ma tolite.  Ọ natara BFA na Mahadum Washburn yana MFA na Mahadum Indiana na Bloomington.  Mgbe ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ na Indiana, onye ezi uche James McGarrell na-enwe ike siri ike, ya na ndị ọzọ na-eme ihe n'akwụkwọ akụkọ na Renaissance.  O biri na New York City site na 1972-1986, ebe a na-arụrụ ọrụ dị ka ngalaba na New York Institute of Technology na Pratt Institute .  Mgbe ọ hapụ New York, ọ kwagara Louisville, Kentucky ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche nke Fine Arts na Mahadum Bellarmine .  Ọ nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 53 na Louisville, Kentucky.

## Ọrụ
  
Na New York City , Sherry French Gallery na James Yu Gallery nọchiri anya ya.  Ọtụtụ ndị na-anakọta onwe ha dị ka Malcolm Forbes 2 họrọra nka ya.  , na ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na veranda dị ka Metropolitan Museum of Art .  E rere ọtụtụ ihe ọrụ ya n'oge ndụ ya;  Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ n'ime ha ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ ma e ike e nye ya na Mulvane Art Museum na Topeka, Kansas.  Nyochaa ọrụ Haney apụtala na New York Times, Art in America, ARTNews, na izipụrụ egosi aka ná ntĩ nke Stuart Hirschberg 3 .  Foto nke ọrụ ya pụtawo na akwụkwọ nka yana Science Magazine 4 .  Ihe ngosi ndị eze nkiri: Ndị dike ihe nka nke Metropolitan na New York City;  Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum na New York City;  Onye ọrụ Butler nke American Art, Youngstown, OH;  Aldrich Museum of Contemporary Art, Ridgefield, CT;  na Mulvane Art Museum, Topeka, KS, onye nchịkọta na-adịgide ndụ Marry Off na Gbanyụọ (a na-ahụ ihe oyiyi n'elu).

## Ihe ndetu

# John Ward, *ihe osise American Realist 1945-1980* . Ann Arbor: UNI Research Press, 1989, p.&nbsp;342–43.
# Michael Kernan, *Ndụ n'ime ụbọchị Malcolm Forbes*, *The Washington Post*, June 5, 1983
# Alan Wallach, *William L. Haney na Jan van* Eyck na *ụkpụrụ gafere ịdọ aka ná ntị* nke Stuart Hirschberg. New York: MacMillan Publishing, 1987, p.&nbsp;217–20.
# *Mmasị etinyere* na *Sayensị*, Jenụwarị/February 1987.

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
* Jụọ Mbipute nka na William L. Haney
* Mbipute ebe nchekwa ịntanetị na William L. Haney
Margaret Casson

**Margaret Casson, Lady Casson** (26 Septemba 1913 – 12 Nọvemba 1999) bụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ, onye nrụpụta na onye na-ese foto, yana nwunye onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ Hugh Casson .

## Ndụ
Margaret Macdonald Troup [lower-alpha 1] mụrụ na Pretoria, South Africa na 26 Septemba 1913. Nna ya, James MacDonald Troup, bụ dọkịta na mgbe e mesịrị onye ndụmọdụ Jan Smuts ; nne ya bụ Alberta, *nwa* Davis. Arts and Crafts architect and mmebe Francis William Troup bụ nna nna ya. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Wychwood School, Oxford, wee gaa Bartlett School of Architecture of University College, London, otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị ole na ole mere otú ahụ n'oge ahụ. Ọ lụrụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ Hugh Casson na 19 Nọvemba 1938. &#x3A;&#x200A;58&#x200A;

N'oge ndụ, Margaret Casson nwalere ihe ọ kpọrọ eserese onyinyo ma ọ bụ "scigrams", foto e ji igwefoto ma ọ bụ na-enweghị; ụfọdụ bụ mbipụta platinum–palladium . Ndị a o gosipụtara n'okpuru aha Margaret Macdonald na London, na 1994 na Akehurst Gallery, na 1998 na City Gallery na na 2000 na Fine Art Society ; na Bath, na Royal Photographic Society ; na Japan, na MIN Gallery, Tokyo; na United States, na Forbes Magazine Galleries na na Bertha Udang Gallery na New York.  {R|obit|cat|sirh}}  

Margaret Casson nwụrụ na London na 12 Nọvemba 1999, ihe na-erughị ọnwa atọ ka di ya nwụsịrị. Ọrụ nke inye ekele akwadogoro ya na Katidral St. Paul na 29 Nọvemba 1999 ghọrọ ihe ncheta nye ha abụọ.
 

## Ihe ndetu

## Ntụaka
Catherine Cooke

**Catherine Anne Chichester-Cooke** (2 Ọgọst 1942 - 20 Febrụwarị 2004), nke a maara dị ka Catherine Cooke, bụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ Britain na onye ọkà mmụta Russia nke ama ama mba ụwa.  Ọ bụ onye nkuzi na imewe na mahadum mepere emepe ma kụzikwaara ma kuziere ya na ngalaba ihe owuwu na Mahadum Cambridge .

## Ndụ
A mụrụ Cooke na Bishop's Stortford na 2 Ọgọst 1942, bụ naanị nwa nke brigadier na Royal Engineers .  Ọ zụrụ azụ dị ka onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ n'etiti 1961-7 na Ngalaba Architecture na Mahadum Cambridge, ebe ọ bụ otu n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị ole na ole n'afọ ya. Mgbe obere oge na-arụ ọrụ ụkpụrụ ụlọ na Helsinki, ọkachasị ọ bụghị n'ụlọ ọrụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ Finnish Alvar Aalto dịka nna ya chọrọ, na Casson Condor na London, ọ laghachiri na Cambridge iji nweta Ph.D. na Soviet Town Planning, nke ọ dechara na 1975.

Kemgbe ahụ, mmasị Cooke gbasapụrụ n'akụkụ niile nke imewe avant-garde Soviet na ụkpụrụ ụlọ Soviet na atụmatụ obodo, yana ọkachasị ihe owuwu ụlọ ọrụ Russia. O dere, bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ ma kụziere ọtụtụ ihe gbasara isiokwu ndị a. Ntinye aka ya na akwụkwọ akụkọ Architectural Design nke Academy Books bipụtara dugara n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ na ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ Russia na ndị na-emepụta ihe dịka Chernikhov . A maara nke ọma bụ akwụkwọ ya na Russian Avant-garde na Constructivism na post 1917. Onye na-ekwu okwu Russian nke ọma, Cooke nyere aka nke ukwuu n'ịzụlite mmata na West ma banyere omenala ndị Russia na-ahụ anya na ọnọdụ mwute nke ọtụtụ ụlọ Soviet, nke o mere site n'aka onyeisi oche UK nke Docomomo (otu mba na-arụ ọrụ maka akwụkwọ na nchekwa. nke ụlọ, saịtị na mpaghara nke Modern Movement). 

Cooke chịkọbara nnukwu akwụkwọ, akwụkwọ mmado, na ephemera n'oge ndụ ọrụ ya. A na-edobe mkpokọta Catherine Cooke ugbu a na ọbá akwụkwọ mahadum Cambridge .  N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2012, e meghere ihe ngosi nke ihe ndị sitere na mkpokọta n'ebe ngosi ọha nke ọbá akwụkwọ. 

Cooke nwụrụ n'ihi ihe mberede okporo ụzọ na Cambridge na 20 February 2004, mgbe "n'ogo nke ọrụ nyocha na ide". 

## Na-arụ ọrụ
Enyemaka ya gụnyere:

* (ed.), *The Avant-Garde* (akwụkwọ akụkọ AD, 1988)
* (ed.), *Fantasy and Construction – Iakov Chernikhov* (akwụkwọ akụkọ AD, vol 59 no 7–8, London 1989)
* *Ihe osise ihe owuwu nke Russian Avant-Garde* (MOMA, 1990)
* (ya na Igor Kazus) *Asọmpi Architectural Soviet* (Phaidon, 1992)
* *Russian Avant-Garde: Theories of Art, Architecture and the City*, Academy Editions, London, 1995
* (ya na Dennis Sharp ) *DOCMOMO: The Modern Movement in Architecture*, Uitgeverij, 010 Publishers, 2000.

## Ntụaka
Abraham P. Hankins

Abraham P. Hankins (1900–1963) bụ onye ihe ọrụ ọgbara ọhụrụ nke America.

A fuska Hankins n'Alaeze Ukwu Russia wee gaa United States na 1914 

Ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Academy Julien na Paris na Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts . 

Ọ bụ Barnes Foundation na-arụ ọrụ ya.  [1] Ịkwara ọrụ ya na Museum of Fine Arts, New York;  Akwụkwọ akwụkwọ Pennsylvania nke Fine Arts ;  Ndị egwu egwu nke Philadelphia ;  yana na mkpokọta Lessing J. Rosenwald .  [2] Akwụkwọ ya dị na Archives of American Art. 

Hankins nwụrụ mgbe ọ nọ ezumike na Miami Beach, Florida

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* http://www.artnet.com/artists/abraham-p-hankins/past-auction-results
*
Arthur Burgess

**Arthur James Wetherall Burgess** (6 Jenụwarị 1879 &#x2013; 16 Eprel 1957) bụ onye na-ese ihe na Britain.  Ọrụ ya bụ akụkụ nke asọmpi nka na 1928 Summer Olympics na 1932 Summer Olympics . 

## Ntụaka
na-ese ihe na
Cornelius Hankins

thumb| Eserese nke Leonidas Polk nke Cornelius Hankins, c.1905
Cornelius Hankins (1863-1946) bụ onye America na-ese ihe.  Ọ na-ese odida nke obodo Tennessee na ihe osise nke ndị agha agha na ndị agha ndị agha.

## Ndụ mbido
Cornelius Hankins na Julaị 12, 1863, na Ógbè Itamba, Mississippi .  [1] Nna ya bụ Edward Locke Hankins na nne ya, Annie Mary McFadden. 

## Ọrụ
Hankins kwagara Nashville, Tennessee, ebe Edwin M. Gardner, onye nkuzi nka na onye na-ese ihe nkuzi ya.  [1] Ka ọ na-erule 1897, ọ kuziri na Richmond Art Club na Richmond, Virginia.  [2] Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọ igosi ọrụ ya.  Ka ọ na-erule March 1902, e sere ihe ọrụ ya na Mahadum dị na Nashville.  [3] Afọ iri ka e ịhụnanya, na November 1912, e ịrịba ha na Centennial Club. 

Hankins sere ihe ọrụ Sumner Archibald Cunningham, onye nchoputa nke Confederate Veteran .  [1] O sekwara ihe osise Caroline Meriwether Goodlett, onye nkata ntọala nke United Daughters of the Confederacy .  [2] Na mgbakwunye, ọ sere ihe osise nke Confederate General Robert E. Lee maka Mgbakọ General Tennessee na 1901. [3] O mekwara ihe osise 15 maka ụlọ ikpe Shelby County dị na Memphis, Tennessee .  [3] Ọ gara n'ihu mee ihe osise nke Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest, Admiral Albert Gleaves, Senator William B. Bate, Gọvanọ Albert H. Roberts na Gọvanọ Benton McMillin. 

Ndị otu ndị agha nchekwa ma ọ bụ ndị otu mahadum nyere ụfọdụ ihe onyonyo Hankins n'iche ọrụ ọha na nke onwe.  ọmụmaatụ, Hankins sere ihe osise nke Confederate General Benjamin F. Cheatham maka Frank Cheatham Bivouac nke Association of Confederate Soldiers, bụ onye ọrịa na Tennessee State Chamber ma tinye ya na Tennessee State Library na 1904. [1] Ọ na-esekwa ihe.  osise nke Julia A. Sears, onye isi ngalaba nke Peabody College for Teachers (nke bụ nke nke Mahadum Vanderbilt ugbu a), bụ nke e debere na chapel na 1904. [2] na-arụ na nke ahụ, Hankins na-ese ihe ọrụ nke  William Lofland Dudley, onye isi akwụkwọ nke akwụkwọ edemede nke Mahadum Vanderbilt;  Ọ bụ ndị okenye obodo nyere ya na Mahadum Vanderbilt na 1915. 

Dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture si kwuo, "N'oge anwụ ya, ndụ n'ime ihe ọrụ ya nọ na Tennessee State Capitol, isii na Alabama State Capitol, abụọ na Mississippi State Capitol, na otu na Louisiana State.  Capitol ." 

## Ndụ onwe onye
Hankins akụkọ Maude McGehee.  [1] Ha nwere ụmụ anọ, Eleanor Hankins, onye ama ama dị ka Hank Fort, onye isi onye ọrụ abụ ama ama, [1] na Dorothy Churchill Hankins Wood.

## Ọnwụ
Hankins nwụrụ na Mee 12, 1946, na Nashville, Tennessee.  E liri ya n’ebe a na-eli ozu Ugwu Oliv. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Ntụaka
Cecil Ross Burnett

**Cecil Ross Burnett** (27 Eprel 1872 - 6 Disemba 1933) bụ onye na-ese ihe nkiri na ihe osise nke Britain. Ọ bịanyere aka na ya ọrụ "C. Ross Burnett".

## Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Burnett na Old Charlton, Kent; nna ya, William Charles Burnett, bụ onye ọrụ ụlọ akụ.   Ọ zụrụ azụ na Blackheath School of Art na Westminster School of Art tupu ọ banye Royal Academy School na 1892.   Na 1895 ọ meriri ihe nrite ọla edo Turner na agụmakwụkwọ maka eserese odida obodo, yana nrite ọla ọcha maka eserese sitere na ndụ.  

## Ọrụ
Ọ pụrụ iche na eserese na ọtụtụ n'ime ime obodo, ọtụtụ ndị kere nso Amberley, Sussex, ebe o nwere ụlọ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na mmanụ na agba mmiri, ma bụrụ onye otu New Society of Painters in Water-Colours site na 1910  

## Ndụ onwe na ọnwụ
Na 1903 Burnett lụrụ Alice Theresa Allenberg, onye si South Africa; ha nwere nwa nwoke na nwa nwanyị wee biri na Blackheath, London, ebe ọ nwụrụ na 6 Disemba 1933. 

## Ntụaka
azụ na Blackheath School of Art na Westminsterna nke Langham Sketching Club na Pencil Society.
Laura Jane Clark

**Laura Jane Clark** bụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ Britain, onye na-egosi ihe onyonyo na onye ode akwụkwọ. Ọrụ ya gụnyere igosi *ụlọ gị nke ọma* na Angela Scanlon na BBC2 na Netflix, Channel 4 's *Ugly House to Lovely House*,  *Oghere dị ịtụnanya* na *nke afọ* nke George Clarke .  Ọ tụgharịrị ụlọ ịsa ahụ ọhaneze n'okpuru ala na Crystal Palace ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ nwere otu ọnụ ụlọ. 

## Igwe onyonyo
N'afọ 2012, Clark rụzigharịrị na ntụgharị nke ụfọdụ ụlọ mposi n'okpuru ala dara ada na Crystal Palace, ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ London.  Ya na kansụl na-akpakọrịta ka enye ikike ịzụta na ịtụgharị ha ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ asaa. Ihe owuwu a rụchara dọtara uche nke ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi UK na mpaghara.  Plum Pictures nọ na-emepụta mmemme imewe ọhụrụ, *Oghere dị ịtụnanya* na George Clarke, n'oge ahụ,  na mgbe ọ pụtasịrị na usoro nke mbụ, a gwara Clark ka ọ mee ihe nkiri ekeresimesi pụrụ iche wee mesịa bụrụ onye ọka ikpe na ụdị televishọn nke TV. *Shed nke Afọ* n'akụkụ Max McMurdo na Will Hardie. 

## MMA/K1
Na-asọmpi na kickboxing amateur na Muay Thai bouts, Clark chọpụtara agwakọta ịgba egwu na 2009 wee sonye na New Wave Academy wee malite ọzụzụ n'okpuru onye bụbu welterweight UFC fighter na *The Ultimate Fighter* asọmpi, Nick Osipczak .  Na 2012, ọ malitere ịlụ ọgụ nke ukwuu na MMA na K1 na ndekọ nke 3-1. 

Clark bi ugbu a na mpụga Glasgow ma na-arụzigharị ụlọ Georgian mebiri emebi. 

## Ntụaka
ịtụgharị ha ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ asaa. Ihe owuwu a
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Simon Burton (onye na-ese ihe)

A mụrụ **Simon Burton** na Yorkshire, England na 1973 wee nweta akara ugo mmụta bachelor nke mbụ na Mahadum Brighton na 1995, tupu ọ gụchaa MA na 1997 na Royal College of Art .  Lucian Freud kọwara na 1997 dị ka, "onye na-eto eto na-ese ihe na Britain taa,"  Burton nwetara ihe nrite Birtle maka eserese (1995), ihe nrite njem na ụlọ ọrụ ARCO na Lisbon, Portugal (1996), The John Minton Travel award (1996), The Jenny Hall Scholarship (1996) wee rụọ ọrụ na USA n'okpuru nkwado nke Robert na Susan Kasen-Summer (1997-98). 

## Ihe ngosi solo ahọpụtara

* 2014 - *Ndị na-eme echiche 2*, nke Lubomirov-Easton kwadoro, Londonewcastle Project Space, London 

* 2014 - *Mkpọchi, ebe ọzọ* na ebe ngosi nka ọdụm na atụrụ 

* 2014 – *Ụfọdụ agba m* na ụlọ osisi ugo 

* 2014 - *Banyere Face* Swindon Museum na Art Gallery 

* 2011 - *Ụdị abalị n'uche,* ARTary Gallery, Stuttgart 

## Nchịkọta ahọpụtara

* Nchịkọta Aldrich, Mahadum nke Brighton, England 

* Nchịkọta Louis-Dreyfus, USA 

* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Falmouth, England 

* Nchịkọta Priseman Seabrook, UK 

* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Swindon na ihe ngosi nka, England 

* Royal College of Art, London 

## Ntụaka
tupu ọ gụchaa MA na 1997 na Royal College

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị Simon Burton
* Eserese Britain nke oge a
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ihe osise Hansen

Art Hansen (1929 - June 28, 2017) bụ onye omenkà America si ￼￼Vashon Island￼￼.[1]￼[2]￼[3] Hansen bụ nwa afọ Washington wee nweta ogo nka na Mahadum Washington￼￼￼￼￼  ￼ na ￼￼University of Minnesota￼.[1]

## Agụmakwụkwọ
Hansen gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1952 na Mahadum Washington. Na 1957, ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta MFA na Mahadum Minnesota. 

## Ọrụ
Hansen mere ihe mbụ nke otu onye na 1952 na Seattle Art Museum.  Na 1953, e nyere onyinye Fulbright iji nhazi na Munich Academy of Arts.  Na mgbakwunye na ibi akwụkwọ, onye ọrụ na agba mmiri, agba isiokwu, lithography, na akwụkwọ na ink.

## Nchịkọta
A na-anya ọrụ Hansen na mkpokọta na-adịgide nke Seattle Art Museum, Tacoma Art Museum, [1] Portland Art Museum, [2] n'etiti ndị ọzọ.

## Ntụaka
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George Dodgson Callow

**George Dodgson Callow** (1829–1875) bụ onye na-ese ihe n'asụsụ bekee bụ ọkachamara n'ọdịdị ala na eserese mmiri mmiri.

## Ndụ
A mụrụ Callow na Liverpool na 1829; dịka akwụkwọ ndekọ aha Parish nke St Nicholas Church dị na Liverpool siri kwuo, e mere ya baptizim na 20 Eprel. ya.

Ka ọ na-erule 1861, edekọtara Callow ka ọ bi na London, na 82 Newman Street. O gosiri ihe osise abụọ na Royal Academy : *Morning on the River Teign* na 1863 na *Coastal Scene, Isle of Wight* na 1864.  Ọ na-egosi na ọ bụ ọkachamara n'ọdịdị ala na eserese mmiri.

Ọrụ ya gụnyere n'ọtụtụ mkpokọta ọha na United Kingdom, gụnyere Middlesbrough Institute of Modern Art  na Brighton na Hove Museum na Art Gallery. 

## Ntụaka
Parish nke St Nicholas Church dị na Liverpool
Oskar J. W. Hansen

thumb|300x300px| Ncheta na Hoover Dam, na-echeta ọnwụ 112 n'oge a na-ewu ya. Ihe odide: ''Ha nwụrụ iji mee ka ọzara na-ama ifuru''
Oskar JW Hansen (March 12, 1892 [1] - Ọgọst 31, 1971 [2] ) bụ onye kpụ na Norway, onye na-a ọkpụ America .  Ọ na-ahụ ya na nhazi nke ọtụtụ ihe ọkpụkpụ na gburugburu Hoover Dam  

## Akụkọ ndụ
Oskar Johan Waldemar Hansen njikwa na Langenes na Øksnes, Nordland, Norway.  Tupu ọ bịa America, ọ jere ozi dị ka onye na-anya ụgbọ mmiri.  O mechara jee ozi na United States Army.  N'ọgwụgwụ 1930s ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ 1940s, Hansen wuru ụlọ na ụlọ ihe nkiri na ihe mmetụta dị nso Ashcroft n' Charlottesville, Virginia .   

## Ọrụ ahọpụtara

* *Wings of the Republic* - n'etiti ọtụtụ ihe atụ nke ihe ọkpụkpụ ya na Art Deco mode nke US Bureau of Reclamation nyere ikike, nke e gburu n'okpuru ụlọ ọrụ Los Angeles bụ Gordon B. Kaufmann, na-elekọta ụlọ ọrụ na Hoover Dam . 
* *Wings* -arụnyere n'ime ọnụ ụlọ nke Rand Tower, Minneapolis, nke emechara na 1929. 
* *Nnwere onwe* - arụnyere na 1957 n'elu kọlụm dochie nke ọkụ na-akụ na 1942 na Yorktown, Virginia, Ncheta Mmeri, na-echeta mmeri 1781 na Yorktown na njikọ aka ya na France nke wetara njedebe nke American Revolution na ihe si na ya pụta. udo na England . 

## Osisi
 

## Edemede emetụtara

* *N'ofe cherubim* (1964)
* *Ihe osise na Hoover Dam* (1960)

## Ntụaka

## Ọgụgụ emetụtara

* Hiltzik, Michael (2010) *Colossus: Hoover Dam na Ime nke American Century* (New York: Simon na Schuster) 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ọbá akwụkwọ dijitalụ nke Mahadum Nevada Las Vegas
William Caparne

**William Caparne** (1855–1940), amụrụ **William John Caparn**, bụ onye ọka ahịhịa na Britain na onye na-ese ifuru na isiokwu ndị ọzọ. O kere ngwakọ ndị mbụ n'ime otu iris afụ ọnụ etiti, ma na-eche na ọ kere ihe karịrị 100 cultivars nke bulbous iris.

## Ndụ
[thumb|344x344px| ''Okooko osisi'', nke William John Caparne, ugbu a na [Guernsey Museum & Art Gallery]]
Na 1895 Caparne kwagara Guernsey mgbe nwunye ya nwụsịrị, ebe ọ ga-ese ihe maka afọ 40 na-esote, na-ebi n'obere ụlọ dị n'elu ugwu dị na parish nke St Martin n'etiti Bon Port na Saints Bay, na-eji tram ochie. dị ka ụlọ ọrụ ya. Ọ bụ n'oge a ka ọ gbakwunyere "e" na njedebe nke nna nna ya. Na-efunahụ ụzọ afọ atọ tupu ọnwụ ya. 

## Ọrụ
Na-ese ihe na mgbasa ozi dị iche iche, ndị ọ na-achị jikọtara ya na gburugburu ebe obibi ya, oké osimiri, mbara igwe na ala. Okooko osisi, onye ọ bụla na n'ìgwè dị iche iche na-emekarị n'ọrụ ya, ọ bụ ọkachamara a kwadoro na Iris .  Otu British Iris Society ghọtara onyinye ya dị ịrịba ama site na nturu ugo nke Foster Memorial Plaque na 1936.  Ihe ncheta ncheta nke Foster (akpọrọ aha Sir Michael Foster ). 

## Ntụaka
na-ebi n'obere ụlọ dị n'elu ugwu dị na parish nke St Martin n'etiti Bon Port na
Murray Hantman

Murray Hantman (1904–1999) bụ onye na-ese ihe, onye na-ese ihe, na onye nkuzi.  N'ime oge ọrụ ya, ọrụ Hantman gara n'ihu site n'eziokwu gaa na abstraction .  Dabere na New York City, Hantman egosi oge na Monhegan Island .

Dị ka ọtụtụ n'ime ụgbọ ya, Hantman mechara jụ ajụjụ doro anya na ụzọ ya maka njikọ mbụ nke 

## Ntụaka
David Carpanini

**David Lawrence Carpanini** (amụrụ 1946) bụ onye na-ese ihe Welsh, etcher, onye nkuzi na onye na-ebi akwụkwọ nke eserese ya, eserese na etching ya na-elekwasịkarị anya n'ọdịdị okike na ụlọ ọrụ South Wales. Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Royal Society of Painter-Printmakers (1995–2003) bụrụkwa Prọfesọ nke Art na Mahadum Wolverhampton (1992–2000).  

A mụrụ Carpanini site na agbụrụ Italian na Welsh na Afan Valley na Glamorgan na Wales na 1946, nwa Lawrence Carpanini na Gwenllian (née Thomas), wee gụ akwụkwọ na Glan Afan Grammar School na Port Talbot .  Ọ   

A hoputara ya RE (1982) (ARE 1979); RWA (1983) (ARWA 1977); RBA (1976); NEAC (1983); RCA 1992; Hon RWS (1996), na Hon RBSA (2000).  

 

Ọrụ ya abụwo isiokwu nke akwụkwọ akụkọ atọ: *Onye ọ bụla - Ụdị Artist Pụrụ Iche - David Carpanini* - Channel 4 (1984); *David Carpanini - Artist nke Wales* - HTV (1987) na *Okwu dị n'anya gị* - HTV (1997).  

David Carpanini lụrụ onye na-acha odo odo Jane Carpanini (amụrụ 1949); ha bi na Leamington Spa .

## Ntụaka
etching ya na-elekwasịkarị anya n'ọdịdị okike odighimeriri kọmitii onyinye onyinye afọ nke British

## Njikọ mpụga

* 18 artworks by or after David Carpanini at the Art UK site

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Stephen Cartwright

**Stephen Cartwright** (28 Disemba 1947 – 12 Febrụwarị 2004) bụ onye na-akọwa akwụkwọ ụmụaka Britain nke gosipụtara ihe karịrị akwụkwọ 150 nke rere nde nde n'ụwa niile. A na-ahụ ihe atụ ya maka ịbụ ndị a na-amata ozugbo ma na-egosipụtakarị ụmụaka na anụmanụ nwere ihu mepere emepe, ndị aka ha dị ọcha. A mụrụ Cartwright na Bolton, England, ma mụọ na Rochdale College of Art tupu ọ kwaga London ebe ọ zụrụ azụ na Saint Martin's School of Art wee na Royal College of Art .  N'ime afọ 27 nke ihe atụ akwụkwọ ya, ọ na-ejikọta ya na Usborne Publishing, onye usoro *puku okwu mbụ* ya bụ ihe ịga nke ọma nke mba ụwa mbụ nke Cartwright ma sụgharịa ya n'asụsụ 55. 

## Akwụkwọ ahọpụtara nke Stephen Cartwright gosipụtara

* Civardi, Anne; Graham-Campbell, James (2003). *Ndị njem oge Usborne Viking Raiders* . Usborne.  .
* Rawson, Christopher; Stephen, Cartwright (1979). *Akwụkwọ Usborne nke Dragons* . Usborne. ISBN&nbsp; .
* Rawson, Christopher; Stephen, Cartwright. *Akwụkwọ Usborne nke ndị amoosu* . Usborne.
* Rawson, Christopher; Stephen, Cartwright. *Akwụkwọ Usborne nke Giants* . Usborne.
* Rawson, Christopher; Stephen, Cartwright. *Akwụkwọ Usborne nke ndị isi na ndị eze* . Usborne.
* Rawson, Christopher; Stephen, Cartwright. *Akwụkwọ Usborne nke Gnomes, Goblins & Fairies* . Usborne.
* Rawson, Christopher; Stephen, Cartwright (1980). *Akwụkwọ Ọkachamara Usborne* . Usborne. ISBN&nbsp; .
* Rawson, Christopher; Stephen, Cartwright (1981). *Akwụkwọ Usborne nke ndị ohi* . Usborne. ISBN&nbsp; .

## Ntụaka
na-ahụ ihe atụ ya maka ịbụ ndị a na-amata ozugbo ma na-egosipụtakarị ụmụaka na
Frank Happersberger

Frank H. Happersberger (1859–1932) bụ onye ọkpụ ọkpụ America nke dabere na San Francisco.  Ọ nkọwa na ụlọ akwụkwọ nkà ihe ọrụ nke German.  [1] A mara ya nke ọma maka ihe mmụta nke President James A. Garfield na Golden Gate Park na ihe mmụta ụzọ, ma na San Francisco .

## Akụkọ ndụ
Frank Happersberger na 1859 na Placer County, California.  Nna ya, Frank Happersberger Sr, bụ onye mbata Bavaria nke si New York kwaga San Francisco iji ngwaọrụ Gold Rush.  [1] N'oge ikọ ya, Frank Jr. hụ ọrụ maka ụlọ ọrụ San Francisco nke Kemp na Hoffman dị ka onye na-ese osisi.  Ruo afọ , ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ nkà nkà na Germany, na mgbe ọ ka nọ na Europe, ọ ma mmeri iji wuo ihe ngosi nye onye gburugburu James A. Garfield .  Emechara ihe ọkpụkpụ Garfield na 1885, wee guzobe aha Happersberger. 

Happersberger hibere ụlọ ihe nkiri na San Francisco na 51 Park Avenue.  Na 1894 ọ dechara ihe mmụta ọsụ ụzọ, nakwa na San Francisco.  Happersberger bụ onye otu California Parlor No. 1 nke ụmụ amaala nke Golden West . 

### Ndụ onwe onye
Nwunye Happersberger Evangeline Ballou-Happersberger [1] bụ isiokwu nke obere nchọpụta 1894 na San Francisco Examiner , nke ndị nkà ya n'ịkpụ osisi.  [2] “Ntụte n’ịkpụ osisi” abụrụla ihe na-akawanye mma n’Ebe Ọwụwa ihe, Evangeline ike nkà ahụ n’aka di ya.  Ọ na-eji obi ụtọ na-eme ndụ “osisi dị iche iche na paịlị” maka ụlọ ọhụrụ ha na-ewu. 

Na 1899, Happersberger kwagara New York, na-anụ na e nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ maka ndị na-akpụ akpụ n'ebe ahụ.  Ọ dị Evangeline na San Francisco.  O boro ya ebubo na ọ gbahapụrụ ya ma ịgba ịgba, maka "obi 5 na akara ike inye ihe ndị dị mkpa ná ndụ."  [1] [2] A ụzọ ndị obi ilu na nke ụgbọ n'etiti Frank na Evangeline na Examiner.  [1] Enyere ịgba egwu ha na Jenụwarị 1900. 

Ọ nwụrụ na October 11, 1932, na San Anselmo, California, mgbe ọ dị afọ 74. 

## Osisi

Usòrò:James_Lick_Memorial_(San_Francisco).JPG|alt=The James Lick/Pioneer Memorial|Ihe aha James Lick/Ụsụ ụzọ
Usòrò:James_Abram_Garfield_Monument,_San_Francisco.jpg|alt=Garfield Monument in Golden Gate Park|Ihe aha Garfield na Golden Gate Park


## Ntụaka
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Lance Calkin

thumb| Lance Calkin
**George Lance Calkin** (22 Juun 1859 – 10 Ọktoba 1936) bụ onye ihe osise Britain.

Calkin bụ nwa nke abụọ n'ime ezinụlọ nwere ụmụnne asaa. A mụrụ ya na London, nye Emily na George Calkin, onye na-egwu egwu na onye na-ede egwú. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ nkeonwe wee gaa Slade School of Fine Art na Royal Academy Schools. Ọrụ ya bụ isi bụ eserese nke Eze Edward VII, Eze George V, Marquis nke Camden na Joseph Chamberlain .   E bipụtara ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ya n'akwụkwọ akụkọ a na-ese onyinyo kwa izu bụ The Graphic . 

Calkin nwụrụ na 1936 na Cresilton Road, Fulham, London. 

## Ntụaka
onye na-ede egwú. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ n'ụlọ

## Njikọ mpụga

* 34 artworks by or after Lance Calkin at the Art UK site
Shaun Caton

thumb| Shaun Caton, 2011
**Shaun Caton** bụ onye na-ese ihe na onye na-ese ihe na Britain, onye mepụtara ihe ngosi 280 dị ndụ n'ụwa niile kemgbe mmalite 1980s. Ọtụtụ mgbe a na-eji ogologo oge dị oke egwu (ụfọdụ arụmọrụ adịrula 3&nbsp;izu) ma ọ bụ mkpụmkpụ (ụfọdụ arụmọrụ naanị 17&nbsp;nkeji), ọrụ ya gụnyere ntinye nke ihe ochie na nke organic, na-eme nnukwu eserese, nke ọkụ ultraviolet na-enwukarị. Ọrụ ndị a na-egosipụta n'ụzọ siri ike ihe onyonyo tupu akụkọ ihe mere eme ma ọ bụ apocalyptic.

Ọrụ Caton malitere site n'afọ ndị 1980 ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-emepụta ihe ngosi omenala nke a bịara mara ya ma jikọta ya. A na-amata ọrụ ya nke ọma site na ọmụmụ ihe nka ọgba aghara Ice Age na nka na-ebugharị, na 2007/2008 ọ gara ọtụtụ n'ime ọgba ndị a na-ese na mpaghara Dordogne nke France. Caton gụrụ akwụkwọ na Winchester School of Art na Goldsmith's London, wee nwee mmasị ịnwale nka dị ndụ na ahụ mmadụ. Ọrụ ya na-enwe mmetụta uche ma na-arụ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ọkwa na-eji ụda egwu emepụtara pụrụ iche (nke a na-ejikọta ya na ndị na-ese ụda ụda brownsierra ), ọnọdụ ọkụ gbanwere, iji onyinyo onyinyo na-egwu egwu, ihe omume ndụ na ntinye ọkpụkpụ.

O jiriwokwa isi ísì dị ka akụkụ dị mkpa nke mmemme ya iji kpalite ikuku mbụ. Ihe ngosi ndị a na-ekekọrịta mmekọrịta na mmemme na ọrụ mbara igwe nke ndị shamans, ihe nnọchianya dị mgbagwoju anya nke alchemy, na ihe ọmụma nke nkà oge ochie . N'ọtụtụ ụzọ, ọ na-akpalite echiche nke wunderkammer ma ọ bụ nke narị afọ nke 17 Cabinet of Curiosities - ọ na-ejikarị mgbagwoju anya . Arụmọrụ a na-ahụkarị nwere ike ịdịru ihe ruru 7&nbsp;awa, n'oge nke Caton na-emepụta narị narị eserese akpaka, nke a na-ehichapụkarị ma ghọọ ihe oyiyi ọhụrụ.

## Ihe nrite na ihe nrite
na-ese na mpaghara Dordogne nke France. Caton gụrụ akwụkwọ na Winchester gụnyere ntinye nke ihe ochie na nke organic, na-eme mara ya ma jikọta ya. A na-amata ọrụ ya nke ọma site na

* British Council 1989, 1991 na 1994
* Jacob Mendelson Scholarship Trust, 1990
* Ihe ndekọ nke Outsider, 1990
* The Arts Council of Great Britain 1988 na 1994
* Penny Trust 2000
* Daguerreian Society USA, 2004
* British Council 2012

## Ntụaka

* Bailey, D., Cochrane, A. na Zambelli, J. 2010. gwupụtara: ọmụmụ ihe atụnyere Jōmon dogū na ihe oyiyi Neolithic. Norwich: SCVA. Karịsịa peeji: 148-9 .

## Njikọ mpụga

* http://www.shauncaton.co.uk/
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Hananiah Harari

Hananiah Harari (August 29, 1912 - Julaị 19, 2000) [1] bụ onye America na-ese ihe na onye na-ese ihe. 

## Ndụ
Aka Harari Richard (Dick) Falk Goldman na Rochester, New York .  Ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Syracuse University School of Fine Arts.  Ọ gara Paris na 1930, ebe ya na Fernand Léger akwụkwọ akụkọ site na 1932 ruo 1934;  ọkwarakwara Marcel Gromaire na André Lhote .  Mgbe ọ gara leta Palestine, ọ la ike United States na 1935 

O nyere aka ime American Abstract Artists na 1937. [1] [2] Ụfọdụ ọrụ nke oge a dekọrọ omume ya dị ka onye Juu na ịrị elu nke Fascist na Europe;  ihe atụ bụ The Dictators (1938, isiokwu na collage na kwaaji; ugbu a na Juu Museum, New York).  Ihe ngosi New York mbụ bụ na 1939, na Mercury Gallery.  Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na ma a ọkara-abstract style, na a kpọmkwem n'ezie ụdị;  sitere n'ike ndo nke William Michael Harnett, ọ na-ese ọtụtụ trompe-l'œil ka ndụ .  Ọtụtụ silkscreen sitere na oge a dị na Museumlọ ihe ngosi nka nke obodo yana na mkpokọta Mahadum Yale &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

N'afọ 1940, o-akpa ihe ndị osise maka akwụkwọ nke akwụkwọ,-eme Fortune .  O aka na cartoons na New Mass, nke mere ka e debanye aha ya na 1950 n'oge McCarthy oge.  N'iji onyunyo ya maka Realism, onye na-ese ihe na-aga nke ọma nke na Portraits, Inc. Otu n'ime ihe ọrụ ya dị na National Portrait Gallery na Washington DC Harari kuziri na akwụkwọ nke Visual Arts na  Manhattan site na 1974 ruo 1990, na na Art nke ụmụ akwụkwọ sitere na 1984 ruo 1999, [1] ebe ọtụtụ klaasị ya nwata n'ike.  Ọ n'ahụ izi ihe mgbe ọ na-ahụzi ịhụ ụzọ.  Site na onye isi oche Reagan, Nkwado ndị isi so ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe.  Onye na-ahụ maka ụdị onwe ya ruo n'ọgwụgwụ, na dịka ugboro ya, e ji ọkọlọtọ America wụchie igbe ozu ya.  A nyocha ya na National Academy of Design na 1990 dị ka onye so na ya wee bụrụ onye ojiji zuru oke na 1994. /link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

N'afọ 1997, a gbakwasịrị nlegharị anya ọrụ ya na Montclair Art Museum na New Jersey .  Ọ nwụrụ na Hawthorne, New York na 2000. 

. Ọrụ Harari ikpeazụ na nchịkọta nke Metropolitan Museum of Art, [1] Museum of Modern Art, [2] National Gallery of Art, [3] Smithsonian American Art Museum, [4] na Whitney Museum of American nka

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* onyonyo nke ọrụ Harari sitere na Smithsonian American Art Museum
Jane Duncan (onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ)

**Jane Duncan** OBE (amụrụ 7 Julaị 1953)  bụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke Britain, dabere na Buckinghamshire .

A họpụtara ya n'August 2014 ka onyeisi oche ahọpụtara nke Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA),  na-anata 52% nke votu wee bụrụ onye isi oche 75th nke RIBA na 1 September 2015;  Oge ọrụ ya gwụchara na Septemba 1, 2017, mgbe Ben Derbyshire weghaara onye isi ala na-esote ntuli aka ya. 

Duncan zụrụ azụ na The Bartlett, School of Architecture, University College London na 1970s. 

Ọ bụ onye ntụzi Jane Duncan Architects nke hiwere na 1992.  

## Ntụaka
na-anata 52% nke votu wee bụrụ onye isi oche 75th
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Rodney Hardee

Rodney Hardee bụ onye omenka nke bi na Lakeland, FL .  Ọ bụ onye na-arụ ọrụ, onye na-enyere onwe ya, onye na-ese ihe n'ike ike ns nke ndida.  Ọ na-ese ihe ndị ọrụ ndị mmadụ 1972 ma nwee ụdị nka iche.  Ọ bụ ihe nhụsianya mana ọ na-enwe mmetụ mara mma nke nwere foto ihe onyonyo, ma ọ na-enwe mmetụta okerechi na ngwaọrụ ihe..

## Ọrụ
Hardee, onye mmetụta ihe nkiri ugbo, abanyela na nwamba na foto Adam & Eve, yana na-atụba ndị aghare chi ndị ọzọ oge ụfọdụ.  O ji nga tinye ya na "Folk American Century, Self Teught, and Outsider Art" nke Betty-Carol Sellen dere.  Otu ụgbọ Rodney ji kpalie ya na akwa ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe bụ nke ọrụ nne Moses .  Otú ọ dị, mgbe ọ sere osisi ole na ole na ụlọ dị ka nke ya, o wu n'ụdị nke ya.  Interestingideas.com na-ede ndekọ Hardee na-ekwu na "O ibu nhụsianya n'ọnụ ya nke na-adaba n'ime ebe, na ọnụ ọgụgụ na agba (nke bụ isi) nke a na-apụghị pụta nke ọma, nke a na  -hazi na oghere ndị a na-mpụtapụta geometrically."  ụzo ụzo iche iche nke echiche ya, bụ na ọ na-ede ụbọchị ma dee okwu na-esote ụbọchị na-agụ dị ka a ga-asisa na ọ na-ede akwụkwọ ozi si n'ike iji kwalite ndị mmadụ na iche ya na  usoro ya.

Onye na-ese ihe na Florida Ruby C. Williams kelere Hardee maka inyere ya aka ọrụ ọrụ nka ndị mmadụ.  mgbe ọ gbara ya ume ka ọ ree ihe osise ya.  [1] Na n'ihe gbasara nkwalite ọrụ, Howard Finster bụ nnukwu ihe na emume Hardee na nka mgbe ọ gara ịhụnanya mmiri na 80s.  Hardee nwere nnukwu nchịkọta akụkọ ọrụ Howard Finster n'elu ike ya niile n'iche ya.  Otu uru dị mkpa nke ọrụ nka nka Hardee nke ọ na-azụ anya na egosi ya bụ ọchọrọ inyere ndị nka n'obodo ya aka.  Ọ na-ekwu na ọ bụrụ na e nwere ndị ọzọ na-enwe otu nzere a na ya, na ha ga-enwe ekele maka otu ihe ndị na-eme ka ọ nwee ihe ịga nke ọma na obi ụtọ.

## Ntụaka

* "The Outsider Art Pages: Florida folk artists ." Echiche na-adọrọ mmasị: Nkà ndị dị n'èzí, nka n'akụkụ ụzọ na akara, omenala eccentric. Np, na webụ. Ọnwa Iri na Abụọ 25, 2009. http://www.interestingideas.com/out/hardee.htm .
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Charles Russell Hardman

Charles Russell Hardman bụ onye omenkà America si Florida.  Ọ na-ese ihe osise na US Post Offices n'okpuru mmemme Ngalaba Akụ.  Ihe osise ya "Ndị India na-anata onyinye" dị na Guntersville Post Office na Guntersville, Alabama.[1]  A na-ese mmanụ ya "Episodes from the History of Florida" (1940) na kwaaji maka ụlọ ọrụ nzipu ozi Alaka Miami Beach..

## Ntụaka
Albert Charles Challen

thumb|269x269px| Eserese nke Mary Seacole na mmanụ, c. 1869, nke Albert Charles Challen dere. E gosipụtara nke mbụ ya na National Portrait Gallery na London.
**Albert Charles Challen** (October 8 1847 na Islington – 1 Septemba 1881 na Camberwell ) bụ onye omenkà Britain. A maara ya nke ọma dị ka onye na-ese ihe osise Mary Seacole na 1869, mgbe ọ dị ihe dị ka afọ 65 na ọ dị afọ 22.  Ekwuputara nchọgharị ihe onyonyo a na Jenụwarị 2005, yana National Portrait Gallery na-ejide ya. 

Amụrụ na Islington, ọnụ ọgụgụ UK nke 1871 na-egosi Challen bi na Hammersmith, yana ọrụ ya nyere dị ka "ụmụ akwụkwọ nka (eserese)". Ka ọ na-erule ngụkọ 1881, ọ bi na Camberwell, ma bụrụ “onye na-ese ihe”.  Dabere na ihe akaebe a, ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Helen Rappaport chepụtara na ihe osise Seacole (nke ọ chọpụtara) nwere ike bụrụ ọrụ omume maka Challen, ma ọ bụ mee tupu ọ gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ nka; na-atụ aro na onye na-ese ihe na isiokwu nwere ike mara onwe ya n'onwe ya. 

Challen nwụrụ n'ihi ụkwara nta  mgbe ọ dị afọ 33 na 1 Septemba 1881 na Camberwell, Surrey . 

## Ntụaka
Marc Cavell (onye na-ese ihe)

**Marc Cavell** (Michael Canter) bụ onye na-ese ihe na nka nka . A mụrụ Cavell na 8 November 1911 na England n'ime ezinụlọ ndị Juu . Ọ nwụrụ na May 1989 na Paris .

Ọrụ Marc Cavell bụ ihe pụrụ iche n'iji akụrụngwa na-emepụta echiche nke mmegharị site na ọtụtụ ọkụ, mmetụta nghọta, na ntụgharị uche.

N'ịbụ onye Paul Cézanne metụtaworo ya, Cavell nyochara ụzọ ndị na-esote cubism ma jiri ihe dị iche iche nwalee. N'afọ 1950, ọ chọpụtara ohere nka pụrụ iche na ìhè na mmegharị.

## Ọrụ nka
Cavell malitere ọmụmụ ya na Central School of Arts and Crafts na London . Ọ hapụrụ England na 1930 ka ọ gaa Paris, ebe ọ sonyeere Académie Julian na Académie Ranson .

Na 1948, n'okpuru nduzi nke Albert Gleizes, Cavell sonyere na nyocha nka na ogbako nke Saint-Rémy-de-Provence . Na 1950, o gosipụtara na Nîmes, Visconti gallery na Paris, na Salon des Independants, na-egosipụtakarị eserese cubist.

Mepee ụdị nka ndị ọzọ, na ndụmọdụ Pablo Picasso ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na ebe ndị ọzọ dị ka textiles na ceramics . N'ime oge a, e nyere ya ọrụ isonye na ịchọ mma Normandy na ụlọ ọrụ ndị nnọchianya France na Helsinki .

Site na 1955 ruo 1968, o mere nyocha na nnwale na ìhè na mmegharị. Ọrụ ya dọtara mkpali ha site na nguzozi nke ihe owuwu nke Futurism .

## Njikọ mpụga

* Marc Cavell, l'illusionniste (Connaissance des arts)
* Les symphonies de lumière de Marc Cavell (Le soir.be) French
* Artnet
* Christies Art Auctions
Max Chapman (onye na-ese ihe)

**Max Balthazar Chapman** (1911–1999) bụ onye na-ese ihe nkiri Bekee. Ọ bụ onye na-ese ihe n'ụzọ bụ́ isi, ma o mekwara ihe osise, kọlọji na foto.

Chapman gara Dulwich College, wee bụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ nka nke Byam Shaw, 1927–30, ebe Charles Ricketts kụziiri ya ma mee enyi ya. Na 1931 Ricketts nyere Chapman ka ọ were "agụmakwụkwọ na Italy na European Grand Tour".  O nwere ihe ngosi solo mbụ ya na Storran Gallery, na mgbe ahụ na Leger Gallery na Molton Gallery, niile na London. Chapman bụ onye na-emekọ ihe ogologo oge nke onye edemede Oswell Blakeston, onye ya na ya na-arụkọ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ, maka *Nyocha Arts* na akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ. 

Dị ka obituary ya na *The Independent*, Chapman "gosipụtara n'ọtụtụ ebe, sitere na Royal Academy guzosie ike, London Group na Leicester gallery na ihe nnwale Grabowski, Molton na New Vision Center veranda, na ná mba ọzọ." 

## Ntụaka
O nwere ihe ngosi solo mbụ ya na Storran Gallery

## Njikọ mpụga