open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Paul Fusco (onye na-ese foto)

**John Paul Fusco** (August 2, 1930 - Julaị 15, 2020) bụ onye odeakụkọ foto America. A maara Fusco karịsịa maka foto ya nke ụgbọ oloko olili ozu Robert F. Kennedy, 1966 Delano Grape iku na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ nke ọdachi nuklia Chernobyl . Fusco malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-ese foto maka akwụkwọ akụkọ Look, ma bụrụ onye otu Magnum Foto site na 1973 ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 2020.

## Ndụ mbido
A mụrụ Paul Fusco na Leominster, Massachusetts, wee malite ịchụ foto dị ka ihe ntụrụndụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 14.  N'oge Agha Korea, site na 1951 ruo 1953, ọ nwetara ahụmịhe karịa mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese foto maka United States Army Signal Corps .   O buru ụzọ mụọ na Mahadum Drake na 1957 nwetara nzere bachelọ nke Fine Arts na foto Journalism na Mahadum Ohio .   Ọ kwagara New York City ka ọ rụọ ọrụ ọkachamara dị ka onye na-ese foto. 

## Ọrụ ịse foto
Fusco buru ụzọ rụọ ọrụ na *Look Magazine* na New York City.  Mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ebe ahụ, na 1968, o weere ihe ga-abụ usoro a ma ama nke foto ndị na-eru uju n'ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè Robert F. Kennedy .  

Foto ya na-edekọkarị okwu gbasara ọha na eze na ikpe na-ezighị ezi, dị ka ịda ogbenye, ndụ ghetto, mmalite ụbọchị nke nsogbu HIV, na nyocha omenala n'ofe America. 

Foto ya na 1966 nke California's Delano grape hit dekọrọ na mgba ndị ọrụ ugbo na-agbasi mbọ ike ịmepụta otu, nke Caesar Chavez kwadoro. E wepụtara foto ndị ahụ dị ka akwụkwọ, na ederede George D. Horowitz, nke aha ya bụ *La Causa: California Grape Strike* . 

## Ọnwụ na ihe nketa
Fusco nwụrụ na Julaị 15, 2020, ọ gbara afọ 89, na San Anselmo, California .   

Ọtụtụ n'ime foto ya dị na ebe nchekwa foto Magnum dị ugbu a na Harry Ransom Center na Mahadum Texas dị na Austin .  narị abụọ foto ya nke Kọmitii Na-ahazi Ndị Ọrụ Ugbo United na Chesar Chavez, nke ewepụtara n'oge ọrụ onye ọrụ ugbo na Delano, California, bụ nke Library of Congress na-ejide,  dị ka 1,800 Kodachrome slides ewepụtara na June 1968 site na olili ozu ahụ. ụgbọ oloko bu ozu Robert Kennedy si New York City gaa Washington, DC, maka olili na Arlington National Cemetery . 

## Akwụkwọ
Kọmitii Na-ahazi Ndị Ọrụ Ugbo United na Chesar Chavez, nke ewepụtara n'oge ọrụ onye ọrụ ugbo na Delano, California, bụ nke Library of Congress na-ejide,  dị ka 1,800 Na-ahazi Ndị Ọrụ Ugbo United na Chesar Chavez

* *Ntụrụndụ Sense: N'okpuru Uche.* US: Collier, 1968; 
* *La Causa: California Grape Strike.* US: Collier, 1970; ASIN B000M4HM3W .
* *Ihe Ị Ga-eme Ruo Mgbe Mezaịa ahụ Ga-abịa.* US: Collier, 1971; ASIN B000JJY6KW
* *Essay Foto: Paul Fusco & Will McBride.* US: Crowell, 1974; ASIN B001IOV0RE
* *Marina & Ruby: Ọzụzụ na ịhụnanya.* US: William Morrow, 1977; 
* *Ụgbọ oloko olili ozu RFK.* Umbrage/ Magnum US, 2000; 
* *Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Chernobyl.* US: de. Mo, 2001; 
* *Paul Fusco: RFK.* New York: Aperture, 2008; 

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Vidiyo nke Fusco na-atụle ọrụ edemede foto ya na Chernobyl, mediastorm.com; enwetara July 16, 2020.
* Ọrụ Fusco na akụkọ ndụ, weebụsaịtị Magnum Photos]
* Magnum Retrospective nke Paul Fusco
Francis Day (onye na-ese ihe)

James Francis Day (1863–1942), nke a na-akpọkarị Francis Day, bụ onye omenkà America, nke ike ịhụ ihe ya n'a mkpokọta mkpokọta na nsogbu, na United States.

Amụrụ ya na LeRoy, New York wee pụta na New York's Art Students League na Ecole des Beaux-Arts na Paris n'okpuru Ernest Herbert na Luc-Oliver Merson..  

Ọ bụ onye otu Salmagundi Club, Society of American Artists, na onye mmekọ nke National Academy of Design .  Ọ mụrụ Mary Evelyn Smith na 1887 wee kwaga New York City.  Ha kwagara Nutley, New Jersey na 1890 wee si New York na 1905. N’ihe dị ka n’afọ 1912, ha kwagara Massachusetts 

National Academy of Design nyere ihe nrite 1895 nke atọ Hallgarten maka ndidi .

A na-enye ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọrụ ya maka ire site na ọrịre na awụ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, egwu Ìhè nke furo (Butterfields 1999), Nwanyị nwere Harp (Phillips nke New York, 2000), na The Critic (Sotheby's nke New  York, 2004).  nke ikpeazụ aha ya bụ ihe osise a ma ama, onye 'onye nkatọ' bụ n'ezie obere nwa ekiri na-ege nne ya na-akpọ piano.

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Works by Francis Day at Project Gutenberg
* Works by or about Francis Day at Internet Archive
* Francis Day at Artcyclopedia.
Steve Nesser

**Steve Nesser** bụ onye America ọkachamara skateboarder   si Minneapolis, Minnesota .

Ndị na-akwado ya ugbu a gụnyere Send Help *Skateboards*, *Spitfire Wheels*, Hard Luck Bearings, na Lakai Limited Footwear .

## Ndụ onwe onye
Nesser nwere nwa nwanyị, Rowan Gray Nesser, mụrụ na 2009. 

O nwere ụmụnne nwanyị abụọ, Natalie Nesser onye bụ onye na-ese foto na Adrienne Nesser, onye lụrụ onye frontman Green Day Billie Joe Armstrong kemgbe 1994.  Nne ya Joann Nesser bụ onye nchoputa na onye isi ala ezumike nka nke Christos Center for Spiritual Formation. Joann jere ozi na Council Coordinating for Spiritual Directors International wee kuziere maka ekpere nchegharị na nguzobe nke mmụọ na mgbagha, ụka na ọgbakọ site na US, Europe na Africa.  Joann ebipụtala ọtụtụ akwụkwọ gbasara ekpere ma jide n'aka na nkuzi gbasara ekpere na ndụ ime mmụọ. 

## Ntụaka
Na-ahazi Ndị Ọrụ Ugbo United na Chesar Chavez
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Jacquelyn Serwer

**Jacquelyn Days Serwer** bụ onye ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na nka America. Ọkachamara na nka America na nka African American, ọ bụ onye isi Curator nke Smithsonian Institution 's National Museum of African American History and Culture . 

## Ndụ na ọrụ
A mụrụ Jacquelyn Days na Florida mana tolitere na New Rochelle, New York.  Ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta mahadum Sarah Lawrence College .  Mgbe ọ nwetasịrị akara ugo mmụta nna ukwu na Mahadum Chicago, ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta doctorate na akụkọ ihe mere eme nka site na Graduate Center nke Mahadum City nke New York na 1981. 

Na 1985 Serwer ghọrọ onye nlekọta na Smithsonian's National Museum of American Art . Na 1987 ọ kwadoro ihe ngosi na onye na-ese ihe bụ Gene Davis, nke isiokwu ya bụ *Gene Davis: Ihe ngosi Ncheta* . 

Na 1999 ọ ghọrọ Onye isi Curator nke Corcoran Gallery of Art .  N'afọ 2002, ọ chịkọtara ntụgharị mba ụwa mbụ na onye na-ese ihe nkiri Larry Rivers akpọrọ *Larry Rivers: Art na Artist.*  Serwer jere ozi dị ka onye isi nchịkwa maka Corcoran Gallery of Art afọ isii. 

Serwer abụrụla onye bụ isi n'inweta mkpokọta maka National Museum of African American History and Culture, gụnyere ihe mbụ, nke ejiri mee mkpọsa sitere na mkpọsa 2008 iji họrọ Barack Obama dịka Onye isi ala United States  na foto nke Coretta Scott. Eze . 

## Ndụ onwe onye
Ọ lụrụ Daniel Serwer . O nwere ụmụ nwoke abụọ, otu n'ime ha bụ odeakụkọ Adam Serwer .

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Jerry Baldwin

**Gerald Baldwin** bụ onye ọchụnta ego America. Ya na ndị ọchụnta ego abụọ ọzọ, Gordon Bowker na Zev Siegl, tọrọ ntọala Starbucks na Seattle, na 1971. Ọ bụ Sonoma Valley vintner, na ngalaba-nchoputa nke J. Baldwin Wines.

## Ọrụ
A mụrụ Jerry Baldwin na Rowland Baldwin (1914-1989), onye mmiri ara ehi ọnụ ụzọ n'ọnụ ụzọ, na Patricia Brodeur Baldwin (b. 1923), onye na-arụ ọrụ na nhazi data maka gọọmentị etiti na IBM, hụrụ ndụ ya adịghị edozi mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ụma. mgbe nne na nna ya gbara alụkwaghịm, nne ya lụkwara ọzọ. Baldwin gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị 3 dị iche iche tupu ị debanye aha na Mahadum San Francisco .  Ọ mụtara ahịa kọfị site na Alfred Peet, onye ụlọ ahịa ya Peet's Coffee And Tea, bụ mkpali maka Starbucks. Starbucks zụtara agwa kọfị a ṅara n'ọkụ site na Peet's n'ime afọ mbụ ọrụ ya. Baldwin echetala Peet dị ka onye ndụmọdụ "na-emesapụ aka".  Na 1984, mgbe e nyere Peet's maka ire ere, Baldwin duuru otu ndị na-etinye ego, gụnyere Bowker,  ịzụta ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Na 1987, ọ rere mmasị ya na Starbucks. Baldwin bụ onyeisi oche nke Peet's ruo 2001 mgbe Peet's gara n'ihu ọha, na ọ ghọrọ onye nduzi nke ụlọ ọrụ.   

Baldwin jere ozi dị ka onye nduzi na onye ntọala ntọala nke kọmitii ụkpụrụ nka nka nke Specialty Coffee Association of America ; Onye isi oche nke Association Scientifique International du Cafe (ASIC); na onyeisi oche nke Coffee Quality Institute. Otu onye ọpụrụiche Coffee Association of America nyere ya ihe nrite ihe nrite Lifetime Achievement Award. Ọ bụ onye nduzi nke TechnoServe, NGO na-arụ ọrụ na Latin America na Africa. 

Na 2000, ya na nwunye ya, onye na-ese foto Jane Baldwin, guzobere J. Baldwin Wines, zinfandel na petite sirah grower na onye na-emepụta ihe dị na Sonoma Valley, California.  A na-eche na ọnụ ahịa ụgbụ Jerry Baldwin bụ $2.4&nbsp;ijeri na 2018. 

## Ntụaka
gbara alụkwaghịm, nne ya lụkwara ọzọ. Baldwin gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị 3 dị iche iche tupu ị debanye aha na Mahadum 
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Jim Brandenburg (onye na-ese foto)

**Jim Brandenburg** (amuru na Nọvemba 23, 1945 wee nwụọ na Eprel 4, 2025) bu onye na-ese ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi na onye na-ese ihe onyonyo nke dabere na nso Ely, Minnesota . Ọrụ ya gụnyere ihe karịrị afọ 10 dị ka onye na-ese foto akwụkwọ akụkọ, ihe karịrị afọ 30 dị ka onye na-ese foto nkwekọrịta maka National Geographic Society, yana ọrụ sitere na otu dị ka United States Postal Service, NHK na BBC .

Jim Brandenburg bụ onye otu International League of Conservation Photographers 

## Nkwenye
Na 1991, n'ihi ọrụ ya na Wolf Ridge Environmental Learning Center, o kere nke Concerts for the Environment non-profit organization, ọrụ ya na Nature Conservancy, na ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ rụzuru, Jim Brandenburg e nyere onyinye nke Global 500 Environmental World Achievement Award. .  Nke a United Nations kwadoro nnabata e nyere ya Eze Sweden Carl XVI Gustaf .

Na 2006, Jim Brandenburg nwetara akara ugo mmụta nsọpụrụ, Doctor of Humane Letters, site na Mahadum Minnesota . 

Ahọpụtara onyonyo Jim Brandenburg maka isonye na mkpokọta nke na-anọchite anya foto okike 40 kacha mkpa nke oge niile. Nhọpụta iri anọ kachasị elu gụnyere ọrụ nke ndị na-ese foto 25 gụnyere Ansel Adams, Edward Weston, na Eliot Porter . Foto Brandenburg¹ anọ esonye na nhọrọ ikpeazụ, karịa ndị na-ese foto ọ bụla ọzọ. Onyonyo anọ Brandenburg ahọpụtara bụ: Oryx dị na Desert Namib, Namibia, ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Africa; Gray Wolf dị nso na BWCAW, Ely, Minnesota; Anụ ọhịa wolf Arctic na-amali elu, Island Ellesmere, Canada; na Bison na Frozen Landscape, Blue Mounds State Park, Luverne, Minnesota. Ndị otu International League of Conservation Photographers (ILCP) họpụtara ha bụ mkpakọrịta nke ndị ọkachamara nchekwa nchekwa kacha elu n'ụwa.

Ihe oyiyi Jim Brandenburg a ma ama nke anụ ọhịa wolf Arctic na-awụlikwa elu bụ otu n'ime foto 100 kachasị mkpa na akụkọ ihe mere eme Canada ma tinye ya n'akwụkwọ "Foto 100 nke gbanwere Canada". 

## Akwụkwọ foto

## Brandenburg's ''National Geographic'' ọrụ

## Ntụaka
Adams, Edward Weston, na Eliot Porter . Foto Brandenburg¹ anọ esonye na nhọrọ ikpeazụ, karịa ndị na-ese foto ọ bụla ọzọ. Onyonyo anọ Brandenburg ahọpụtara bụ:

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ Jim Brandenburg
* Brandenburg Prairie Foundation
* Interview National Public Radio Interview: Jim Brandenburg na "Chọpụrụ Site n'ìhè"
* Mkparịta ụka Redio Ọha Minnesota: Jim Brandenburg na Nchekwa Ọhịa
* International League of Conservation Photographers
* Richard "Fred" Arey gbara Jim Brandenburg ajụjụ ọnụ banyere akwụkwọ ọhụrụ ya, ***Chased By the Light*** (Northword Press), foto dị egwu na-ese otu ugboro kwa ụbọchị n'ime ọnwa atọ, yana ọrụ mbụ, ***White Wolf***, ***Minnesota: Foto nke Ụlọ***, na ụfọdụ n'ime ọtụtụ edemede foto ya maka akwụkwọ akụkọ *National Geographic*, nke e dekọrọ na ụlọ ọrụ Ravenwood dị nso Ely, Minnesota, **Northern Lights TV Series** #436 (1999): [ https://reflections.mndigital.org/catalog/p16022coll38: 114#/kaltura_video  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AXpumpgUmeo 
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Stefani Robinson

**Stefani Robinson** bụ onye America na-ede ihe na onye na-emepụta ihe. A maara ya nke ọma maka ọrụ ya na FX 's *Atlanta*, nke ọ meriri abụọ Writers Guild of America Awards, ma bụrụ onye a họpụtara maka Primtime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series. Robinson bụ onye ode akwụkwọ na onye nrụpụta ihe nkiri maka usoro ihe nkiri FX , nke ọ nwetara nhọpụta Emmy maka ide, yana maka usoro ihe nkiri pụrụ iche na 2020 na 2022. O dere ihe nkiri onyonyo maka 2023 biopic *Chevalier* .       

## Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
Robinson si Hong Kong kwaga na mpaghara Atlanta nke Marietta, Georgia mgbe ọ dị afọ 8.  Ọ na-ekiri usoro  na YouTube dị ka nwa akwụkwọ sekọndrị ma kọwaa ya dị ka inyere ya aka ịzụlite ụdị edemede nke ya.  Ọ kpọrọ , *Austin Powers*, na Baz Luhrmann *Romeo + Juliet* dị ka mmetụta ndị ọzọ dị mkpa.  N'oge ụfọdụ, mgbe ọ dị afọ 15 ma ọ bụ 16, ọ malitere ịga klas ma mee ihe nkiri eserese maka ndị na-ege ntị dị ka akụkụ nke mkpokọta na Ụlọ Ọrụ Ọzụzụ Obodo nke Abụọ na Hollywood.    Robinson gụrụ akwụkwọ edemede dị ka onye na-agụsị akwụkwọ na kọleji Emerson . 

## Ọrụ
Robinson malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye inyeaka na ụlọ ọrụ talent.  Mgbe o nyefere edemede na netwọk telivishọn FX, a goro ya ka ọ dee maka *Atlanta*, ebe ọ bụ naanị nwanyị na onye kasị nta n'ime ụlọ onye edemede.   Ọ nwetala otuto maka ederede ya wee katọọ echiche ahụ na ọ ga-enye naanị echiche "nwanyị" n'ọrụ ya n'adịghị ka otu n'ime onye na-ejikọtaghị ya na okike ma ọ bụ agbụrụ.  A họpụtara Robinson maka ihe nrite Emmy Primetime maka ihe omume "Barbershop." 

## Ihe nrite na nhọpụta

## Ntụaka
N'oge ụfọdụ, mgbe ọ dị afọ 15 ma ọ bụ 16, ọ malitere ịga klas ma mee ihe nkiri eserese maka ndị na-ege ntị dị ka akụkụ n

## Njikọ mpụga

* Stefani Robinson na IMDb
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Barbara Ann Reynolds

**Barbara Ann Reynolds** (amuru Ọgọst 17, 1942) bụ onye odeakụkọ America-Amerika na onye ode akwụkwọ akụkọ ndụ ama ama nke Jesse Jackson, *Jesse Jackson, Nwoke ahụ, Echiche Ụgha, na ngagharị*, nke ebipụtara na 1975.

## Ọrụ
Odela akwụkwọ maka *Cleveland Press*, akwụkwọ akụkọ *Ebony*, *Chicago Today*, na *Chicago Tribune*, ka ọ jere ozi dị ka onye nta akụkọ Washington ruo 1980. Mgbe ọ nọ na *Tribune* ọ kpuchiri Jesse Jackson, onye ya na ya nwere ezigbo enyi na mbụ. Ka oge na-aga, mmekọrịta ya na Jackson weere ụda nta akụkọ na ọkachamara, ma bipụta akụkọ ndụ na-arụrịta ụka na mgbe ụfọdụ, nke o mesịrị legharịa dị ka *Jesse Jackson, David America* . O nyere aka na kọlụm oge niile na USA Today ruo 1996. N'ime akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, o dere *And Still We Rise: Interviews with 50 Black Role Models* . Na 1998, ọ wepụtara *Mba, Agaghị m emechi: Afọ 30 nke Ịgwa Ya Dị Ka Ọ bụ,* nke gụnyere okwu mmalite nke Coretta Scott King. Na 2005, o bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ onwe ya, *si na Hel na ibi ndụ ọma* .

## Ndụ onwe onye
A zụlitere Reynolds onye Katọlik, na-aga ụlọ akwụkwọ St Cyprian na Churchka na Columbus.

## Ntụaka

* Terry, Wallace. *Peeji na-efu efu: Ndị odeakụkọ ojii nke America oge a: Akụkọ Oral* (2007) Carroll & Graf

## Njikọ mpụga
na Jackson weere ụda nta akụkọ na ọkachamara, ma bipụta akụkọ ndụ na-arụrịta ụka na

* Appearances on C-SPAN
* Reverend Dr. Barbara Reynolds, The History Makers, Interview date June 30, 2005, retrieved June 24, 2020
* Interview: A Word on Words; 2621; Barbara Reynolds, 1998, Nashville Public Radio, American Archive of Public Broadcasting (WGBH and the Library of Congress)

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Kojo Kamau

**Kojo Kamau** (October 11, 1939––December 12, 2016)  bụ onye na-ese foto na onye na-ese foto America nke dabere na Columbus, Ohio .

## Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Kojo Kamau Robert Jones Jr. na October 11, 1939 na East Side nke Columbus, Ohio.    After high school, he enrolled at the Columbus College of Art & Design and worked odd jobs. He later became a photographer for *The Ohio Sentinel*, a Columbus Black newspaper, before joining the U.S. Air Force in 1960 and editing the base newspaper in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. In the south, he faced rampant discrimination and didn't photograph his time there so as not to remember it.

Ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ nke Aminah Robinson na East High School, ebe ọ na-ewere ụdị ihe osise dị iche iche, wee gụchaa na 1957.  Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ọ debanyere aha na Columbus College of Art &amp;amp; Design wee rụọ ọrụ ndị na-adịghị mma. O mechara bụrụ onye na-ese foto maka *The Ohio Sentinel*, akwụkwọ akụkọ Columbus Black, tupu ya abanye na US Air Force na 1960 ma dezie akwụkwọ akụkọ isi na Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. N'ebe ndịda, ọ na-akpa ókè n'ike n'ike, o meghịkwa foto oge ya n'ebe ahụ ka o wee ghara icheta ya. 
## Ọrụ
Na 1964, Kamau laghachiri na Columbus, ebe ọ lụrụ di ma gbanwee aha ya na Kojo Kamau. Kojo pụtara "enweghị mmeri" na Yoruba na Kamau, "onye dị jụụ." Ọ gbara alụkwaghịm na 1970.    Williams bụ prọfesọ nke ihe nkiri na nkwurịta okwu na ngalaba ọmụmụ Black na onye ọbịa nke WOSU TV show *Afromation ebe* ọ ga-ese foto mgbasa ozi maka ndị ọbịa.  Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese foto ahụike ruo 1994. 

Na 1978, di na nwunye ahụ gara Senegal, Ivory Coast, Etiopia, Tanzania na Egypt iji ghọtakwuo nka, omenala na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Africa.   Mgbe ha lọghachiri, ha nyere aka nweta ego maka njem Aminah nke Africa site n'ịtọpụta ụlọ ọrụ anaghị akwụ ụgwọ, ACE-Art for Community Expression, na 1979. Ụlọ ihe ngosi anaghị akwụ ụgwọ dị n'ime obodo Columbus n'akụkụ akuku site na ụlọ ahịa akpụ isi Elijah Pierce . Site na Harlem Renaissance sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ, ọrụ abụọ nke ndị anaghị akwụ ụgwọ bụ iziga ndị nka na Africa ma nye ohere maka ndị ojii America igosipụta ọrụ ha n'ime ọnwa ndị ọzọ karịa February . Ndị otu ise nke bọọdụ ndị anaghị akwụ ụgwọ gụnyere onye na-ahụ maka ihe nka ojii mbụ nke Columbus Ursel White Lewis. 

Dị ka onye na-ese foto, Kamau na-ese foto ndị a ma ama gụnyere Muhammad Ali, President Barack Obama, Miles Davis, na Maya Angelou yana ihe nkiri n'okporo ámá Columbus, ụlọ ahịa na ndị mmadụ.   Ihe osise akwụkwọ ya chọrọ ịgbanwe echiche na-ezighị ezi nke ndị Black America, ma gosipụta akụkụ mmadụ nke ndị mmadụ na akwụkwọ dị mma nke ndụ ha.  E gosipụtara ọrụ ya na Columbus Museum of Art, Chicago Center of Science and Industry, na Art Institute of Pittsburgh . 

## Mgbe e mesịrị ọrụ na ọnwụ
Na 1997, Kamau malitere ilekwasị anya na ọrụ ya dị ka onye nkuzi na Columbus State Community College . Ọ mechiri ọnọdụ ACE's Short North na 1999 ka afọ iri abụọ gasịrị mana ọ gara n'ihu na-etinye ihe ngosi n'akụkụ obodo ahụ mgbe ụfọdụ. 

## Ntụaka
Barry Lategan

**Barry Lategan** (amụrụ 1935 ma nwụọ na 11 Ọgọst,  2024) bụ onye South Africa mụrụ South Africa ejiji na onye na-ese foto, mara amara maka nchọta ya na mbụ ya na Twiggy .  

A mụrụ Lategan na 1935 na South Africa, wee bịa UK ka ọ gụọ akwụkwọ na Bristol Old Vic Theatre School . 

Ọ sere foto Princess Anne, Paul McCartney, Linda McCartney, Iman, Germaine Greer, Calvin Klein, Margaret Thatcher, Sol Campbell, John Major, na Salman Rushdie . 

Dị ka nke 2015, Lategan nwere "dementia na-agbanwe".  Ihe ngosi ihe ngosi Victoria na Albert, National Portrait Gallery, Olympus Gallery, Royal Photographic Society, Bath, na National Gallery South Africa gosipụtara foto ya. Lategan echewokwa ** &#x5B; &#x5D; mmekọahụ, ma boro ya ebubo na 2015 maka ịkpọrọ ụmụ nwanyị abụọ ọ nyochara na 2013 na 2014.  

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Terry Fincher

**Terry Fincher** (8 Julaị 1931 - 6 Ọktoba 2008) bụ onye odeakụkọ foto Britain nwetara ihe nrite. Ọrụ ya malitere na 1956 mgbe ọ sonyeere ndị agha Britain wakporo Egypt n'oge nsogbu Suez . O mechara mee njem nlegharị anya ise nke Vietnam na-ekpuchi agha ebe ahụ maka Daily Express, yana ịkọ akụkọ nke ukwuu site na ebe nsogbu na Middle East na Africa . Ọ bụ onye na-ese foto akwụkwọ akụkọ Britain nke afọ maka 1957, 1959, 1964, na 1967, na onye gbara ọsọ na 1968 (dịka nke Septemba 2013, ndekọ na-enweghị mmeri). 

Ọ bụ isiokwu nke *Nke a bụ Ndụ Gị* na 1976 mgbe Eamonn Andrews tụrụ ya n'anya. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Ntụaka

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ụlọ ihe nkiri Getty Image Terry Fincher
Kennedy Ryan

**Kennedy Ryan** bụ onye akwụkwọ akụkọ ịhụnanya nke America ama ama maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ịhụnanya nke oge a na-akọwapụta okwu gbasara ọha na eze na agwa dị iche iche. Ọ bụ onye mmeri ojii mbụ nke ihe nrite RITA maka akụkọ ifo ịhụnanya na ọ bụ onye ndọrọndọrọ na onye nchoputa nke anaghị akwụ ụgwọ maka mmata autism .

## Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
Ryan gụrụ akwụkwọ akụkọ  na Mahadum North Carolina na Chapel Hill .  Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na-ede maka òtù na-abaghị uru na ide akwụkwọ mmụọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo tupu ilekwasị anya na akụkọ ifo. 

## Ọrụ
Ọrụ ide Ryan na-elekwasị anya na akwụkwọ akụkọ ịhụnanya nke oge a nke ekwuru maka omimi mmetụta uche ha na ngosipụta nke ihe gbasara ọha mmadụ. 

Usoro "Hoops" nke Ryan na-enyocha ndụ ndị egwuregwu basketball ọkachamara na ikike ya, yana maka usoro "Ndị nwoke Eze niile" nke The Traveling Picture Show Company (TPSC) nwetara ya. 

N'afọ 2019, Ryan bụ onye edemede ojii mbụ nwetara onyinye RITA  site n'aka ndị edemede Romance America maka Kachasị Mma nke Romance maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ya "Long Shot," nnabata a na-ewere dị ka otu n'ime nsọpụrụ kachasị elu na obodo ide akụkọ ịhụnanya.   Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ sitere na ime ihe ike n'ụlọ gburugburu onye egwuregwu bọọlụ Ray Rice . 

## Ndụ onwe onye
A makwaara Ryan maka ọrụ nkwado ya, karịsịa n'ịzụlite mmata banyere autism, nke sitere na ahụmahụ onwe ya na nwa ya nwoke. 

Ọ sị na Shonda Rhimes bụ ihe mkpali maka ọrụ ide ya.  Ụfọdụ ndị edemede ndị ọzọ Ryan kwuru na-akpali ya gụnyere Tiffanie DeBartolo, Alyssa Cole, LJ Shen, Nana Malone, Dylan Allen, Emma Scott, Kate Stewart, Amy Harmon, Helen Hoang, Andie Christopher na Talia Hibbert . 

## Ntụaka
mmeri ojii mbụ nke ihe nrite RITA maka akụkọ ifo ịhụnanya na ọ bụ onye ndọrọndọrọ na onye nchoputa nke anaghị akwụ ụgwọ

## Njikọ mpụga

* Kennedy Ryan's ukara website
* Kennedy Ryan na Goodreads
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Tyler Hicks

**Tyler Portis Hicks** (amuru July 9, 1969) bu onye na-ese foto nke na-aru oru dika onye na-ese foto maka *The New York Times* . Dabere na Kenya, ọ na-ekpuchi akụkọ mba ofesi maka akwụkwọ akụkọ na-emesi ike na esemokwu na agha.

Hicks nọ na mwakpo ọjọọ nke ndị na-eyi ọha egwu mere na Westgate shopping center na Nairobi na Septemba 21, 2013. Ka ndị merụrụ ahụ gbalịrị ịgbapụ, Hicks banyere n'ụlọ ahịa  wee soro ndị agha Kenya na ndị uwe ojii ka ha na-achọ ndị agha Al-Shabaab.  Maka ọrụ a, e nyere ya ihe nrite 2014 Pulitzer maka ịse foto akụkọ   yana Robert Capa Gold Medal, nke Overseas Press Club nke America nyere ya.  Na 2016, ọ natara ihe nrite Pulitzer ọzọ maka mkpuchi ya banyere nsogbu ndị na-akwaga mba Europe, na-ekerịta ya na Mauricio Lima, Sergey Ponomarev, na Daniel Etter "maka foto ndị weghaara mkpebi nke ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ, ihe ize ndụ nke njem ha na mgba nke mba ndị ọbịa. ịkpọbata ha." 

Ndị Missouri School of Journalism 's Pictures of the Year International ka akpọrọ Hicks onye foto akwụkwọ akụkọ nke afọ na 2007.  Na 2010, foto ya sitere na agha Iraq na Afghanistan, yana akwụkwọ ozi agha nke ndị ọrụ ibe ya Dexter Filkins na CJ Chivers, bụ ndị ya na ha na-arụkọ ọrụ, bụ ndị Mahadum New York họpụtara dị ka otu n'ime Top Ten Works of Journalism of the Afọ iri.  Hicks nwetara ihe nrite George Polk maka mkpesa mba ofesi na 2011. 

Hicks bụbu onye na-ese foto nweere onwe ya dabere na Africa na Balkans, wee rụọ ọrụ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ na North Carolina na Ohio .  Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Syria, Libya, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Iraq, Russia, Bosnia, Lebanon, Israel, Gaza, Chechnya na ọtụtụ mba Africa, gụnyere South Sudan n'oge referendum 2011. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Staples High School na 1988,  wee gaa na Mahadum Nkwukọrịta nke Mahadum Boston, ebe ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta na Journalism na 1992.  Ọ laghachiri na Mahadum Boston na 2011 iji wepụta adreesị mmalite na College of Communication. 

A kọrọ na Hicks na-efu na March 16, 2011, mgbe ọ na-ekpuchi mgbanwe mgbanwe na Libya maka *The New York Times* .  Akwụkwọ *akụkọ New York Times* kọrọ na March 18, 2011 na Libya ekwenyela ịhapụ Hicks, Anthony Shadid, Lynsey Addario na Stephen Farrell .  A tọhapụrụ Hicks na ndị ọrụ ibe ya atọ na Machị 21, 2011, ụbọchị isii ka ndị agha pro-Qaddafi jidere. 

Na February 16, 2012, Anthony Shadid tara ahụhụ na-egbu egbu nke ụkwara ume ọkụ mgbe ọ na-ekpuchi ọgba aghara obodo na Syria na Hicks. Hicks nyere aka n'ibu ozu Shadid gafee oke na Turkey. 

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Richard Saunders (onye na-ese foto)

**Richard Saunders** (1922–1987) bụ onye na-ese foto Bermudia nke narị afọ nke 20. Achọpụtara ya maka ọrụ foto ya na Roy Stryker, yana akwụkwọ ndị dị ka *Ladies Home Journal*, *Fortune*, *Ebony* na *Look*, n'etiti ndị ọzọ.

## Ndụ mbido
Richard Clive Saunders mụrụ na 1922 na Hamilton, Bermuda . Mmasị ya na foto malitere mgbe ọ dị obere. Na 1930, mgbe ọ dị afọ asatọ, ezinụlọ ya kwagara United States .

Na ntiwapụ nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ezinụlọ ahụ laghachiri na Bermuda ebe Saunders na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese foto na ndị uweojii. N'ime 1940s, Saunders laghachiri na United States wee malite ọzụzụ foto na College Brooklyn na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Ọhụrụ maka Nnyocha Ọha na New York City . Ọ ghọrọ enyi na onye na-ese foto na onye na-ese ihe Gordon Parks, wee nweta ọrụ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ụlọ nyocha foto, nke mere ka ọ mụọ ma mụta usoro nke ndị na-ese foto kacha elu na magazin ndụ .

## Ọrụ
Na mbido 1950s, Roy Stryker kpọrọ Saunders ka ọ sonye n'òtù ndị nta akụkọ foto ya kacha elu na Pittsburgh iji detuo mgbanwe obodo site na obodo igwe na-ese anwụrụ gaa n'obodo ọgbara ọhụrụ. Saunders nọrọ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ abụọ n'ebe ahụ, bi na Hill District, ebe ọ "ghọrọ akụkụ nke gburugburu ebe obibi" wee were foto puku anọ ruo puku ise nke obodo. Ọtụtụ n'ime foto ya sitere na oge a bụ ugbu a akụkụ nke nchịkọta Carnegie Library nke Pittsburgh .

N'ime 1950s, Saunders gara n'ihu na ọrụ maka akwụkwọ kachasị elu dị ka *Ladies Home Journal*, *Fortune*, *Ebony,* na *Look*, n'etiti ndị ọzọ. Ọ gakwara na Latin America iji detuo Alliance for Progress, mmemme mmepe akụ na ụba nke gọọmentị US na-akwado.

Na 1967, Saunders sonyeere ndị ọrụ nke *Topic*, akwụkwọ akụkọ nke United States Information Agency (USIA), nke e bipụtara kwa nkeji n'asụsụ Bekee na French na Sub-Saharan Africa.  Dabere na Tunis, ọ gara n'Africa dum na-ese foto, ndị isi na ndị nkịtị. Na 1972, e zigara ya n'ọfịs Topic's Washington, DC . N'afọ 1973, USIA mere ihe ngosi nke ọrụ Saunders n'Africa, nke gosipụtara 59 n'ime foto ya kacha mma ma gaa na kọntinent ahụ afọ abụọ.  Saunders gara n'ihu na-eme njem na foto na Africa ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na 1986.

Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ magazin ya, Saunders gosipụtara ọrụ ya na otu na ihe ngosi otu onye. Ya na ụlọ ọrụ mbipụta akwụkwọ Black Star jikọtara ya na ya. 

Ụfọdụ n'ime ndị ama ama ọ sere foto gụnyere Henry Kissinger, Malcolm X, Elijah Muhammed, James Baldwin, Leonard Bernstein, James Brown na Adam Clayton Powell Jr., n'etiti ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.

Enyere foto ya maka magazin *isiokwu* bụ Schomberg Center for Research in Black Culture . Foto ndị ọzọ bụ akụkụ nke mkpokọta osisi National Bermuda ugbu a.

Richard Saunders nwụrụ na Ọgọst 20, 1987. 

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Foto nke Malcolm X nke Richard Saunders sere na 1962
Ernest A. Cole

**Ernest Alfred Cole** (1890 &#x2013; 1979) bụ onye ọkpụ akpụ na onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ amụrụ na Greenwich, London.  Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Goldsmiths' College School of Art na Royal College of Art na Italy na Paris.  Mgbe na RCA ọrụ ya bịara na Selwyn Image na Charles Ricketts, nke ikpeazụ ghọrọ nnukwu onye na-akwado ọrụ Cole nke o jiri tụnyere nke Alfred Stevens .  N'afọ 1913 ka Cole wulitere ihe oyiyi Jọn Baptist na Holland Park . 

Ralph Knott nyere ya ọrụ na 1914 ka ọ nye aka na otu iri na abụọ maka Ụlọ Nzukọ London, nke ọ gụchara ise na ọkara tupu ọ debanye aha maka ọrụ agha na Artists Rifles na 1916.  Ọ jere ozi na France na 1917 dị ka onye isi nke abụọ na 4th Reserve York na Lancaster Regiment tupu ebuga ya na ọgụgụ isi ndị agha.  Mgbe Agha Ụwa Mbụ gasịrị, Cole maliteghachiri ọrụ ya, ma Knott enweghị afọ ojuju na ọrụ ahụ, ma kwụsị nkwekọrịta ya na 1921 na nanị otu isii ka emechara.  Ọ bụ Alfred Frank Hardiman wetara ihe osise ndị ọzọ maka Ụlọ Nzukọ County na ngwụcha 1920s.  Ọrụ Cole kpalitere ụfọdụ esemokwu na mkpughe ya, ọ bụ ezie na Ricketts, Image na Laurence Binyon ka na-akwado ya.  

Site na 1921 ruo 1924, Cole gara n'ihu na ọmụmụ ya na New York, Italy na Germany tupu ya ebie na Kingston, Kent .  Na 1924 ọ nọchiri anya Francis Derwent Wood nwa oge dị ka Prọfesọ nke Ọkpụkpụ na Royal College of Art, mana ọ hapụrụ mgbe ọnwa ole na ole gasịrị.  Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ya na nwunye ya biri n'otu ntabi anya na Kingston n'ime ụlọ nke Cole nyere ọrụ, na-ekwu na ọ bụ nnukwu ụlọ nchara nke mbụ e wuru.  Na ntiwapụ nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, a tụrụ Coles mkpọrọ nwa oge n'okpuru enyo na ha bụ ndị Fascist ọmịiko, n'ihi ndenye aha Cole na *Il Popolo d'Italia*, na nwunye ya dị ka onye na-enwe mmasị na onye nta akụkọ na Benito Mussolini . 

## Ntụaka

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

*
Rebecca Wanzo

**Rebecca Ann Wanzo** (amuru 1975) bu onye amuru mmuta nke ndi America nke okachasi na akwukwo na omenaala ndi Afrika-Amerika, echiche agbụrụ siri ike, ihe omumu fan, na echiche nwanyi . Ọ bụ prọfesọ na onye isi oche nke ngalaba ọmụmụ ụmụ nwanyị, okike, na mmekọahụ na Mahadum Washington na St. Louis . Akwụkwọ nke Wanzo 2020, *Ọdịnaya nke Caricature Anyị: Ihe Nlegharị anya nke Africa American Comic Art na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị*, meriri ihe nrite Eisner maka ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ/ọkà mmụta kacha mma .

## Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Wanzo na 1975  na Dayton, Ohio .  Ọ bụ ada Margaret Wanzo.  Ọ gara Lincoln Elementary na Stivers Middle School.  Wanzo bụkwa akụkụ nke igwe Muse, Dayton Art Institute, na Dayton Playhouse.  Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Colonel White High School na 1993. 

## Ọrụ
Wanzo sonyeere Ohio State University na 2003 dị ka osote prọfesọ na ngalaba nke ọmụmụ ụmụ nwanyị na African American na African ọmụmụ. A kwalitere ya ka ọ bụrụ prọfesọ na-akpakọrịta na ngalaba nke ọmụmụ ụmụ nwanyị na Bekee na 2009. 

Na Fall nke 2010, Wanzo sonyeere Arts na Sciences na Mahadum Washington na St. Louis dị ka onye nleta nleta nke ụmụ nwanyị, okike, na ọmụmụ gbasara mmekọahụ. A kwalitere ya ka ọ bụrụ prọfesọ na-akpakọrịta na July 2011 na prọfesọ zuru oke na onye isi oche nke ụmụ nwanyị, okike, na ọmụmụ gbasara mmekọahụ na July 2020. 

Akwụkwọ ya nke 2020, *Ọdịnaya nke Caricature Anyị: African American Comic Art and Political Belonging* meriri Katherine Singer Kovács Book Award of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies, Charles Hatfield Book Prize of the Comics Studies Society, na Eisner Award maka Kasị Mma. Ọrụ Ọmụmụ/Ọkà mmụta . 

## Ọrụ ahọpụtara

* 
* 

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
James P. Blair

**James Pease Blair** (Eprel 14, 1931 - Eprel 25, 2021) bụ onye na-ese foto America. Ebipụtala ọrụ ya na akwụkwọ akụkọ *National Geographic*  na ebe ndị ọzọ.

## ndabere
A mụrụ Blair na Philadelphia na Eprel 14, 1931.  Ọ mụtara Harry Callahan na Aaron Siskind na Institute of Design na Illinois Institute of Technology na Chicago . Blair nwụrụ na Middlebury, Vermont na Eprel 25, 2021, mgbe ọ dị afọ 90. 

Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ sere foto na Pittsburgh Photographic Library maka Roy E. Stryker, onye ntụzi ọrụ foto foto-akwụkwọ nchịkwa nke Farm Security nke 1930s.

Blair jere ozi afọ abụọ dị ka onye isi na ndị agha mmiri US, na-etinye akụkụ nke oge ahụ na-enyere ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ si North Vietnam aka.

Mgbe ọ laghachiri na 1958, ọ sonyeere WIIC-TV, onye mmekọ NBC na Pittsburgh, dịka onye nta akụkọ na onye na-ese ihe nkiri. Dị ka onye na-ese foto nweere onwe ya, Blair nwetakwara ọrụ site na Ụlọ Ọrụ Ozi US, Oge, Ndụ, na akwụkwọ akụkọ National Geographic. Ọ chịkọtara ihe ngosi solo na Carnegie Museum of Art dị na Pittsburgh wee soro onye na-ede uri bụ Samuel Hazo dekọ akwụkwọ ahụ *Listen With the Eye* .

Ihe ịga nke ọma na ọrụ *National Geographic* ya wetara ya na ndị ọrụ na 1962, bụ ebe o ji obi ụtọ nọrọ ihe karịrị afọ iri atọ; Ka ọ na-erule 1994 ọ chịkọbara akụkọ 46 na ihe osise karịrị 2,000. Ihe ndekọ ya kpọgara ya Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Etiopia, West Africa, Iran, Gris na United States. Ọ kọwara ọrụ ugbo, coal, mbara igwe, na iji foto eme ihe na sayensị, na ihe ndị ọzọ. Na 1983, o sere Ihe Nketa Anyị Na-atụ Egwu, bụ́ akwụkwọ benchmark nke National Geographic Society na ala gọọmenti etiti US. Isiokwu ikpeazụ ya maka magazin ahụ, nke e bipụtara na 1994, kwuru banyere njem ụgbọ mmiri mbụ si mba ọzọ gbadara Osimiri Volga na Russia .

Na 1977, Blair nwetara onyinye nturu ugo Overseas Press Club of America maka mkpesa foto kacha mma sitere na mba ọzọ maka mkpuchi 1976 nke South Africa . N'ime afọ ndị gafeworonụ, ọ natara ọtụtụ onyinye n'aka National Press Photographers Association na White House News Photographers Association.

Enweela ihe ngosi solo nke ọrụ ya na Iran, St. Louis, Pittsburgh, na Washington DC ; etinyere ya na ihe ngosi otu na Atlanta na Washington, DC Foto ya na-anọchi anya na mkpokọta na-adịgide adịgide nke National Portrait Gallery na Washington DC, Museum of Modern Art na New York City, Portland Museum of Art na Portland, Maine, na Carnegie Museum of Art na Pittsburgh. Ihe ngosi National Geographic nke narị afọ 1988 Odyssey gụnyere ọtụtụ foto ya.

Mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na National Geographic Society na 1994, Blair gara n'ihu na-ese foto na nkuzi. Ọ sere ihe omume magazin maka *National Geographic*, *Vermont Life*, na *Osisi Osisi* . Taunton Press bipụtara akwụkwọ ya *Wooden Fences* na 1997. E gosipụtara foto ya n'akwụkwọ National Geographic kacha ere ahịa *bụ The Geography of Religion: Where God Lives, Where Pilgrims Walk*, nke e bipụtara na 2004. Ọ bụ onye otu mba nke Explorers Club na site na 1998 gaa n'ihu bụ onye otu Cosmos Club na Washington, DC 

## Ntụaka
Samuel Daniell

thumb| Eserese nke nwanne ya nwoke, William Daniell sere
thumb| "The Quaka" ( Aquatint, 1804)
thumb| "A Boosh-Wannah Hut" (1804) (Bechuana Hut)
**Samuel Daniell** (1775 &#x2013; 16 Disemba 1811) bụ onye Britain na-ese ihe gbasara akụkọ okike na ihe nkiri ndị ọzọ na Africa na Ceylon .  Ọ gara Cape Colony nke mbụ na 1799.

## Ndụ
Ma eleghị anya, a maara Daniell nke ọma dị ka onye na-ese ihe a họpụtara maka njem 1799-1802 na South Africa na nsụgharị o mere n'ebe ahụ nke anụmanụ ndị Africa.  A mụrụ ya ma zụlite ya na Chertsey .

Na December 1799 ọ gara South Africa na nke mbụ ya.  Ihe osise ndị o mere na ndịda Africa, gụnyere njem na Bechuanaland, bụ nwanne ya nwoke bụ William Daniell na London bipụtara.  N'oge njem na Bechuanaland, a kpọrọ Daniell onye odeakwụkwọ na onye na-ese ihe maka njem ahụ. Njem ahụ si Cape of Good Hope gaa Bechuanaland.  Ọ laghachiri na England site na njem ahụ wee soro ụmụnne ya William Daniell na Thomas Daniell, *African Scenery and Animals,* bipụta ya na 1804.  

Daniell mechara biri na Sri Lanka, bụ́ mgbe ahụ a na-akpọ Ceylon, malite n'afọ 1806 ruo 1811, mgbe ahụ́ ọkụ okpomọkụ nwụrụ ya.   Nwanne ya nwoke William bipụtara iri na abụọ n'ime ihe osise ya na 1806, nke nwere aha: *Ihe Nlereanya Ihe Nlereanya, Anụmanụ na Ndị Native Bi na Ceylon* . 

Mgbe Samuel Daniell nwụsịrị, e bipụtara ihe osise ndị ọzọ dabere na eserese ya: Na 1820, lithographs iri anọ na asatọ akpọrọ *Sketches Representing the Native Tribes and Scenery of Southern Africa*, na na 1832, *isiokwu iri abụọ dị iche iche nke ebo Antelopes* . 
Usòrò:Samuel_Daniell_-_Kora-Khokhoi_preparing_to_move_-_1805.jpg|Korah-Khoikhoi dismantling their huts, preparing to move to new pastures. Aquatint 1805.
Usòrò:Daniell_Hottentot.jpg|A Hottentot, a Hottentot Woman,a Kaffre, a Kaffre Woman,Aquatint 1805
Usòrò:Sameul_Daniell_-_Khoisan_besig_om_sprinkane_te_braai_-_1804.jpg|Khoisan busy barbecuing grasshoppersAquatint 1804
Usòrò:Daniell_Trekboer.jpg|Trekboer making a campAquatint c.1804
Usòrò:Booshuna_women_manufacturing_earthen_ware.jpg|Booshuana women manufacturing earthen ware 1805
Usòrò:Bushmen_Hottentots_armed_for_an_expedition.png|Bushmen Hottentots armed for an expedition 1804


## Ntụaka

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* Sutton, Thomas. *The Daniells: ndị na-ese ihe na ndị njem* (Bodley Head, 1954).

## Njikọ mpụga

* Samuel Daniell, (Ezumike South Africa)
Joe De Yong

Joe De Yong (1894-1975) bụ onye America ọkpụkpụ, etcher, na onye ndụmọdụ akụkọ ihe mere eme maka ihe nkiri Western.  Ihe osise ya na etchings gosipụtara Old West, gụnyere ụmụ amaala America na ndị na-agba ehi, yana ndị egwuregwu polo.

## Ndụ mbido
Njikọ De Yong na 1894 na Webster Groves, Missouri.  [1] O tolitere na Washington County, Oklahoma . 

## Ọrụ
De Yong ahụmahụ ọrụ ya site n'ịrụ ọrụ na ihe nkiri Western na Hollywood n'ụdị onye na-eme ihe nkiri Tom Mix .  [1] Site na 1916 1926 ruo ruo ọrụ maka onye na-ese ihe nkiri Western Charles M. Russell na Montana na California.  [1] [2] Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na ebe a na-azụ anụ Howard Eaton na Wyoming.  

De Yong mechara mechara Santa Barbara, California, ebe ọ rụkọrọ ọrụ na Edward Borein na Maynard Dixon .  [1] Ọ bụ onye na-ese ihe nkiri nke rancheros Visitadores, otu nri equestrian na Santa Barbara. 

De Yong la iche na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri dị ka onye na-ahụ ejiji na onye akwụkwọ ihe mere eme na 1930-1950s.  Ọ bụ ọrụ na The Plainsman na 1937, [1] Union Pacific na 1939, Buffalo Bill na 1944, Red River na 1948, na Shane 1953. 

De Yong's etchings na-egosi Old West, ụmụ amaala America na ndị na-achị ehi, yana ndị egwuregwu polo. 

## Ọnwụ na ihe nketa
De Yong nwụrụ na 1975 na Los Angeles, California.  [1] Enwere ike ịhụ ọrụ ya na National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum na Will Rogers Museum na Oklahoma, na William S. Hart Museum na California. 

Enyi De Yong, [1] Richard J. Iju mmiri, ketara ala ya wee bụrụ onye na-ere ihe nka.. 

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* 

## Ntụaka
Michael J. Deas

Michael J. Deas ( opera 1956) bụ onye ama ama ama ama ama ama maka nka nka ya yana “m mindi amara na ikike na-eto eto”.  [1] Akpọrọ ya n'ime ihe atụ doro anya nke Roger na Walt Reed, Onye na-ese ihe na America .  [2] Ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na mmetụta na graphite.  Deas akara ihe atụ mgbe ọ na-agụ nka na New York n'ime 1970s.  Ọ gara n'ihu na-ese ihe isi isii maka akwụkwọ ozi Time na stampụ 25 maka ọrụ nzi ozi US, ihe ihe oyiyi nke Tennessee Williams (1995), Marilyn Monroe (1995), F. Scott Fitzgerald (1996), Meriwether Lewis  (2004), .  George HW Bush (2019) na Ruth Bader Ginsburg (2023).  Ụbọchị ndị ọzọ ma ama akwụkwọ mmado US maka ihe nkiri Werner Herzog, Aguirre, iwe nke Chineke, na ihe ọmụmụ maka akara 20th nke akwụkwọ Anne Rice, Interview with the Vampire .  Ọrụ ya kacha mara amara bụ ngbanwe ya na akara ngosi Columbia Pictures, nke e sere [ya na isiokwu] na 1991 ma na-eji ya eme ihe ngosi oge ahụ.. 
thumb| ''Akwụkwọ ozi ahụ'' (mmanụ na panel, 22 x 16, 1993)
Enyerela ọrụ Deas nrite asaa sitere na Society of Illustrators;  na 2004, ihe osise ya nke Benjamin Franklin, nke akwụkwọ ozi Time nyere ọrụ, natara onyunyo eze Hamilton nke Society, nke ihe maka ihe atụ kacha mma nke afọ.  Ekele Ozire ihe nrite edo abụọ maka ihe ngosi stampụ akwụkwọ ozi US [1] ma na-arụkwa ọrụ maka Reader's Digest, Random House na Chiat/Day . 

E sere ihe osise Deas na The Pierpont Morgan Library, Smithsonian Institution, Historic Mount Vernon, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, ikpe Kasị Elu Louisiana, Norman Rockwell Museum, Minneapolis Institute of Art, na Historic New Orleans Collection. .

Na 2012 – 2013, iri anọ n'ime ihe atụ mbụ ya na ọrụ onwe ya bụ isiokwu nke ihe ngosi solo na Ogden Museum of Southern Art na 2012. 

N'agbata 1985 na 1988 Deas bụ onye nkuzi na School of Visual Arts na New York City.  Na mgbakwunye na ihe ọrụ ya, Deas bụ ikike ama ama na Edgar Allan Poe .  Akwụkwọ 1989 ya, The Portraits & Daguerreotypes of Edgar Allan Poe, nke Mahadum Virginia, na-edepụta ihe ọmụmụ 70 ihe oyiyi ihe mere eme nke onye na-ede uri na ugbu a na-ewere ya dị ka ọrụ ntụaka ọkọlọtọ.  [1] N'afọ 2004, Edgar Allan Poe Society nke Baltimore ụmụaka Deas ma nyere aka n'ịchọpụta Poe daguerreotype, nke zuru n' akwụkwọ ihe nkiri Hampden-Booth, nke akwụkwọ na Antiques Roadshow.. 

## Ọrụ ahọpụtara

* *Earthbound* (ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi) nke Richard Matheson dere
* *Ajụjụ ọnụ Vampire* (ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi) nke Anne Rice
* *Akụkọ mgbe ochie nke usoro Hollywood*
* *Magazin oge* (nkà mkpuchi), mbipụta pụrụ iche, Julaị 7, 2003

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Weebụsaịtị gọọmentị
* Akwụkwọ PBS na Deas' American Postal Stamps
* Michael J. Deas, Nkà nke stampụ, Smithsonian National Nzipụta ihe ngosi nka
* Ọkụ nke Quarters zuru oke maka onye na-ese ihe Michael Deas
* Ntinye sitere na KnowLA (Encyclopedia of Louisiana)
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Bill Hudson (onye na-ese foto)

**Bill Hudson** (August 20, 1932 &#x2013; June 24, 2010) bụ onye odeakụkọ foto America maka Associated Press bụ onye amara nke ọma maka foto ya esere na South United States n'oge Civil Rights Movement . Ngosipụta obi ọjọọ ndị uwe ojii megidere ndị ngagharị iwe udo nke a hụrụ na foto ya e bipụtara n'ọtụtụ ebe nyere aka kwalite nkwado ọha na eze n'ebumnobi nke ngagharị ikike obodo.

William Marvin Hudson mụrụ na Detroit na August 20, 1932. Ọ malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-ese foto na 1949 mgbe ọ sonyeere ndị agha United States n'oge Agha Korea . Ọ ghọrọ sajenti. Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị ọrụ agha, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese foto na *Press-Register* of Mobile, Alabama na *The Chattanooga Times* . 

Ndị Memphis, ụlọ ọrụ Tennessee nke Associated Press goro ya n'ọrụ na 1962 wee kpuchie ọtụtụ ihe omume a na-akọ banyere oge ikike obodo, gụnyere ngagharị iwe - yana nzaghachi ndị uwe ojii na-emekarị ihe ike - n'oge mkpọsa Birmingham na na Selma na Montgomery. ngagharị iwe . Nwunye ya kwuru na Hudson bụ ndị a na-achọsi ike maka brik na nkume ndị na-achọghị ka o see foto ngagharị iwe ndị America na America na nzute ha na ndị uwe ojii nwere.  Phil Sandlin, onye na-ese foto na-asọ mpi maka UPI, kọwara Hudson dị ka "ma eleghị anya onye na-ese foto kacha atụ egwu na m ga-arụ ọrụ megide n'ihi na ọ mara mma nke ukwuu". 

O sere foto na Mee 3, 1963, nke Walter Gadsden, onye Africa-American guzoro ebe onye uwe ojii na-eyi ugogbe anya anwụ jidere, ebe onye ọzụzụ atụrụ German tụbara n'obi ya.   Foto ahụ pụtara n'elu ogige ahụ, na-ekpuchi ogidi atọ na mbipụta ụbọchị nke *New York Times*, yana akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị ọzọ na mba.  Onye edemede Diane McWhorter dere na Pulitzer Prize -emeri 2001 akwụkwọ *Carry Me Home: Birmingham, Alabama, Climactic Battle of the Civil Rights Revolution* na foto Hudson n'ụbọchị ahụ kpaliri "echiche mba ụwa n'akụkụ mgbanwe mgbanwe ikike obodo". 

Hudson sonyeere United Press International na 1974. 

Otu onye bi na Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida, Hudson nwụrụ na Baptist Medical Center Beaches na June 24, 2010, mgbe ọ dị afọ 77 n'ihi nkụchi obi obi .  Ọ nwekwara nwunye ya, bụ́ Patricia. 

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta nke ndị na-ese foto nke mmegharị ikike obodo

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga
Ira J. Deen

Ira J. Deen (December 9, 1874 – June 7, 1952) bụ onye omenkà America.

Amụrụ na Mount Union, Pennsylvania, Deen na akara ya kwagara Harrisburg na 1891 mgbe [1] dị afọ 16 ebe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na-ese ụgbọ ala eletrici ụgbọ ala maka Harrisburg Traction Co., Susquehanna na mpaghara ndị ọzọ nke ime obodo  Pennsylvania. 

## Ntụaka
Gerard Curtis Delano

Gerard Curtis Delano, bụ onye a na-akpọkarị Jerry Delano, (Eprel 14, 1890 – 1972) bụ onye na-ese ihe na ihe atụ nke ike America .

Mkpakọrịta Delano na Marion, Massachusetts.  Ọ jere ozi na ndị agha mmiri US na Agha Mbụ Mbụ, wee ọrụ na ebe a na-azụ anụ na Colorado, tupu ọ kwaga New York City iji nkà nkà.  Ruo ọtụtụ afọ, o biri na ụzọ na Denver, Colorado na Summit County, Colorado .

## Ọrụ
N'afọ ndị mbụ ya, Delano:

* Akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe atụ dị ka *Cosmopolitan*, *Collier's Weekly* and *[[Western Stories|Western Akụkọ]]*
* Ihe nkiri esere maka ụlọ ọrụ kalenda
* Ihe osise na-atọ ọchị Drew maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ma na US, dị ka *Life* na *Puck*, yana *Punch* na Britain .

N'ime afọ ndị ikpeazụ ya, ụzọ ya lekwasịrị anya n'ihe ngosi nke ndị Navajo, nnukwu osimiri aja aja na-acha uhie uhie, na anụ ndị.  Ụdị ya na-egosi ụfọdụ mgbochi Cubist .

## Saguaro cactus dị ka akara nke West
Na 1940, Delano na-ese Navajo Shepherdess, egwuregwu na Ndagwurugwu Ncheta .   N'ime ya, o mgbe cactus saguaro, n'agbanyeghị na ọ dị mma n'okpuru ebe a na-emekarị maka osisi a.   A tarihin na ọ bụ ihe atụ mbụ nke ihe na-egosi American West, nke fim nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ebe niile.

## Agụmakwụkwọ

* Njikọ Ndị Mmụta Art nke New York
* Grand Central School of Art, New York

## Ntụaka

* Bowman, Richard G., 1990. *Ije ije na ịma mma: Art na Ndụ Gerard Curtis Delano* . Niwot, Kọlọtọ: Mahadum Press nke Colorado. ISBN&nbsp;

## Njikọ mpụga

* National Museum of Wildlife Art
* Mma na Navajoland
Tony DeLap

Tony DeLap (November 4, 1927 - Mee 29, 2019) bụ onye omenkà West Coast, mara maka ihe ọkpụkpụ ya na-ahụ ahụkebe na-eji usoro ụzọ na nka nka.  Dị ka a ọsụ ụzọ nke West Coast minimalism na Op Art, DeLap's oeuvre bụ ihe na-egosi na ọ dị mmetụta na-aga n'ihu na-ama ndị na-ekiri si eziokwu.  

## Ọrụ mmalite
Amụrụ na 1927 na Oakland, [1] DeLap tolitere na mpaghara Bay wee nka, ihe atụ, na elo na ịdị iche Bay Area dị iche, akpọ San Francisco Academy of Art, ma gaa na na-ere Claremont [2] na Ndịda California  .  Ọ la akụkụ na mpaghara Bay, ebe ọ kalari na California College of Arts and Crafts, San Francisco Art Institute na UC Davis ruo mgbe ọ መውሰድ nkuzi na akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ nke Mahadum California, Irvine .  Bruce Nauman, James Turrell na John McCracken si DeLap.

Tinyere ndị na-ese ihe dị ka Ellsworth Kelly, DeLap gbasoro ụzọ nke Geometric abstraction na Obere nka na-anabata nke agba agba, geometry, nka ziri ezi, na ikike isi.  Ebe ọ bụ na 1960s, ọ na-egosi na ụdị nke West Coast minimalism nke a na-akpọ "finish fetish," yana ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe nkiri Craig Kauffman, Larry Bell, na DeWain Valentine .

## Ọrụ
Egosipụtala ọrụ DeLap n'ọtụtụ ebe ma mba na mba ụwa.  Tinyere ọtụtụ ihe ngosi solo, DeLap n'ile ihe ngosi otu mkpa nke 1960 nkiri;  Ihe owuwu nke mbụ na ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie ndị Juu;  Ihe osise America nke isii na Los Angeles County Museum of Art;  na Anya Na-azaghachi na Museum of Modern Art, New York City .  Ọ nwụrụ na Mee 29, 2019, mgbe ọ dị afọ 91. 

## Nchịkọta
Ụbọchị DeLap dị na ọtụtụ ndị mkpokọta na mgbasa, San Jose Museum of Art;  Ndị egwu egwu nke Los Angeles County ;  Museum of Contemporary Art, San Diego ;  San Francisco Museum of Modern Art;  Ndị eze ihe ngosi nka nke Whitney nke American Art;  Ndị egwu egwu nke Art Modern;  Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York;  Walker Art Center na Minneapolis ;  na The Tate Gallery, London, n'etiti ndị ọzọ.  
thumb| DeLap na onye isi uche Mark Edward, 2015

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ajụjụ ọnụ nke Delap, akụkụ nke Los Angeles Art Community - usoro ajụjụ ọnụ Portrait Group, Center for Oral History Research, UCLA Library Special Collections, University of California, Los Angeles.