Albína Dratvová

**Albína Dratvová** (2 January 1892 – 1 December 1969) was a Czech philosopher, associate professor of philosophy at Charles University, one of the first few women to be habilitated during the First Czechoslovak Republic. She devoted herself to natural philosophy and methodology, the relationship between natural sciences and positivism. She also contributed significantly with her positions to the emancipation movement of modern women.

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Dratvová na Prague wee mụọ akwụkwọ na State Women's Teacher's Institute n'ebe ahụ, ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1911. Mgbe ahụ na 1913 ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Prague Academic Gymnasium. N'afọ 1913-1917 ọ gụrụ mgbakọ na mwepụ na nkà ihe ọmụma na Mahadum Charles na na 1917, wee ghọọ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị mbụ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum na 1918.[1]. Site na nzere ya, o tozuru oke ikuziri philosophy na mgbakọ na mwepụ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị yana physics na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị..

N'afọ 1918, Dratvová gbachitere akwụkwọ edemede Latin ya na Prọfesọ František Krejčí na Prọf Františak Čády ma nata aha PhD. N'afọ 1927, o bipụtara akwụkwọ nkuzi abụọ maka ụmụ akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị: Logic - 1927 na Philosophical propaedeutics - 1927, Introduction to philosophy for realists and reform grammar schools.

Ọ ka na-achọsi ọrụ sayensị ike. Mgbe ọ nwetasịrị ikike ya na nkà ihe ọmụma nke sayensị okike, ọ kụziri ihe na Faculty of Science nke Mahadum Charles dị ka onye nkuzi onwe onye.

N'afọ 1927, a nabatara ya na Ministry of Education and National Education na ngalaba nkuzi wee bụrụ onye ndú nke nzukọ ahụ. Tupu ngwụcha afọ 1930, ọ chịkọtara echiche ya n'akwụkwọ ya bụ Philosophy and Natural Science Knowledge . Ọ nọgidere na-arụ ọrụ na Ministry ruo mgbe ndị Germany weghaara Czechoslovakia na 1938, mgbe ọ tinyere akwụkwọ maka ịla ezumike nká. 

### Afọ Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ
Na Jenụwarị 6, 1941, n'ihi nnukwu nghọtahie ya na ndị nnọchi anya Chọọchị Katọlik, Dratvová gafere na Chọọchị Evangelical Czech, nke dị ya nso karịa ụka ndị ọzọ. N'ime afọ 1941-1947, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke magazin *Česká mysl* .

O gosipụtara ọrụ ya mgbe agha gasịrị dị ka akụkụ nke otu Philosophical Unity.  (Ọ kọwara ahụmahụ ndụ ya na nyocha e bipụtara na Philosophical Journal na 1966.) 

Oge ọzọ dị mkpa na ndụ ya bụ oge site na 1948 mgbe ndị Communist Party bịara n'ọchịchị. O siri ya ike ịrụ ọrụ n'ime ndokwa ọhụrụ na ihe mgbochi ma n'onwe ya. Karịsịa na ala nke mahadum, e leghaara ya anya na ndụ ya dị mwute ma ghara ikwekọ na ọrụ ya. Akụkọ na mbipụta nkà ihe ọmụma yiri ihe na-abaghị uru na ihe na-adịghị mkpa nye ndị na-akwado echiche gọọmentị mgbe naanị nkà ihe ọmụma a ma ama bụ Marxism.

### Ndụ onwe onye
Dị ka ọtụtụ ndị prọfesọ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị nwanyị n'oge ahụ, Dratvová alụghị di. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị mbụ na-arụ ọrụ na sayensị, n'ihi ya, ọ maara nke ọma banyere ihe isi ike ụmụ nwanyị kwesịrị imeri mgbe ha na-ewu ọrụ sayensị. Ọ tụlere esemokwu mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na omume n'ime ezinụlọ. N'etiti ihe ndị ọzọ, ọ na-ekwu maka esemokwu nke ụmụ nwanyị "ọrụ na ezinụlọ" ma jụọ onwe ya ajụjụ banyere nzube nke ndụ na ụkpụrụ omume.

N'afọ 1921-1961, o dere akwụkwọ akụkọ nke onwe ya ebe o dekọrọ echiche na echiche ya gbasara ihe omume ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'ụzọ pụrụ iche. N'akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, n'oge ọchịchị Kọmunist, Dratvová dere, sị: *Anyị jupụtara na enweghị ntụkwasị obi, ejighị n'aka, egwu, akụkụ abụọ: ndị a na-emegbu emegbu na ndị mmegbu.*

Agụmakwụkwọ ya, ịnụ ọkụ n'obi, ịdị uchu na mkpebi siri ike, na-eso ya n'oge ndụ ya niile, emeghị ka a mara ya. Ọ nwụrụ n'ụlọ ndị agadi na Terezín, na 1 Disemba 1969. 

## Ebem si dee

Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations