Elzada Clover

**Elzada Clover** (1897-1980) bụ onye American botanist bụ onye mbụ katalọgụ ndụ osisi na Grand Canyon na Colorado River. Ya na Lois Jotter ghọrọ ụmụ nwanyị abụọ mbụ gbagoro ogologo ogologo nke Grand Canyon.

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
Njem ọzọ nke Clover bụ na kwụwara San Juan na Texas, bụ ebe osisi chị ndepụta ihe atụ fosil, nke njem 1939 sochiri na Havasupai Canyon na Arizona. O izi ihe nchoputa sitere na njem ndị a n'asụsụ 1941 ya na Jotter dere nke isiokwu ya bụ "Cacti of the Colorado River and Tributaries". O nwere ụmụnne nwanyị isii (Alice, Mabel, Bessie, Vida, Cora, na Maud) na ụmụnne nwoke abụọ (Maynard na Verne). O tolitere n'ugbo nna ya wee gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị n'obodo Peru dị nso. Nne ya nwụrụ na 1913 na nna ya lụrụ di na nwunye na 1925 wee kwaga Texas, ebe o hiwere dị ka onye ọrụ ugbo na nso Alamo. : 8 : 8 

Clover malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye nkuzi ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze na 1919, na-arụ ọrụ mbụ na Nebraska ma mesịa na Texas; ọ bụ onye isi nke South Mission School na Mission na steeti nke ikpeazụ. Nke a bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị maka ụmụaka Mexico America naanị. Ọ nwere ike ịsụ Bekee na Spanish. : 12 Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Nebraska State Teachers College na 1930 wee gaa Mahadum Michigan, Ann Arbor, maka nzere MS (1932) na Ph.D. (1935) ya. Isiokwu nke thesis doctoral ya bụ ahịhịa nke ala Rio Grande Valley, ọkachasị cacti. : 18 : 18 

## Ọrụ
Mgbe ọ nwetasịrị nzere doctorate ya, Clover sonyeere ngalaba na Mahadum Michigan dị ka onye nkuzi na botany na onye enyemaka onye nlekọta nke ogige botanical nke mahadum ahụ. N'ikpeazụ, ọ rịgooro n'ọkwa onye nlekọta nke ogige botanical (1957) na prọfesọ zuru oke nke botany (1960). Ọ kụzikwaara na Biological Station nke mahadum na Pellston.
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Dr. Elzada Clover na Bright Angel Creek na Grand Canyon, July 1938
Clover nyere aka n'ịmepụta cactus na ebe ndị na-atọ ụtọ nke ogige botanical. O mere ọtụtụ njem nlegharị anya na Southwest niile na-achọ ụdị osisi ala maka nchịkọta mahadum, na-elekwasị anya na cacti nke Colorado Plateau na Utah. Na ngwụcha afọ 1930, ọ malitere ịhazi njem nyocha n'Osimiri Colorado iji depụta osisi ya, mahadum nyekwara ya ego maka njem ahụ na-atụ anya na ọ ga-eweta ihe atụ maka nchịkọta ya. Ọ bụ ezie na o bu n’obi na mbụ iji ụgbọ ịnyịnya ibu ibu gaa, ọ kwurịtara echiche nke iji ụgbọ mmiri gaa kama ya na onye ọsụ ụzọ bụ́ Norman Nevills, bụ́ onye na-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri dị na Colorado River, bụ́ onye ọ zutere na njem nchịkọta ihe na Mexico Hat, Utah..[10]

N'afọ ndị 1930, ịnya ụgbọ mmiri na Grand Canyon bụ ihe omume a na-adịghị ahụkebe. Ndị ikom ole na ole emeela ya nke ọma, mana naanị nwanyị nwalere ya anwụghị na mgbalị ya. Mgbe a jụrụ ya maka echiche zuru oke na njem Grand Canyon abụghị ebe nwanyị ga-anọ, Clover zaghachiri, sị: "N'ihi na naanị nwanyị nwara njem a ka mmiri riri abụghị ihe mere ụmụ nwanyị ga-eji tụọ egwu karịa ụmụ nwoke".

Njem Clover na Nevills nke 1938 si n'obodo Green River dị na Utah gafee Cataract na Grand Canyons ruo Lake Mead. Njem ahụ were ụbọchị 43 n'ụgbọ mmiri atọ nke Nevills na nna ya rụrụ - *Wen*, Botany, na Mexican Hat - ma gafee ihe karịrị kilomita 600 niile. N'oge njem a, Clover ghọrọ onye ọkà mmụta *Ihe ọkụkụ* mbụ na-edepụta ndụ osisi n'akụkụ osimiri na Grand Canyon. Clover na nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Lois Jotter, ghọrọ ụmụ nwanyị mbụ mechara njem n'osimiri Grand Canyon. Ọzọkwa na njem ahụ bụ ụmụ akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Eugene Atkinson, onye na-ese ihe nkiri Bill Gibson (onye were foto na ihe nkiri nke njem ahụ), na, dị ka onye na-enyere Nevills aka, onye US Geological Survey geologist aha ya bụ Don Harris. N'etiti njem ahụ, n'ihi esemokwu dị n'etiti ndị otu njem ahụ, Atkinson hapụrụ ma jiri onye na-ese foto Emery Kolb dochie ya.  

Clover na Jotter mere ndepụta nke osisi ma chịkọta ụdị n'oge njem ahụ, ọ bụ ezie na nsogbu nke njem ahụ - ọkachasị enweghị ohere na ihe isi ike idebe ụdị ka ha kpọọ nkụ - pụtara na ha mechara nwee ụdị ole na ole karịa ka ha tụrụ anya ya. Ha kọwara ndagwurugwu ahụ dị ka ebe osisi ise, site na ájá na-ekpo ọkụ n'akụkụ osimiri ruo n'ebe dị elu nwere obere osisi na osisi. Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ha chọtara bụ ụdị ndị dị n'osimiri, ma e wezụga tamarisk, ụdị ndị na-abụghị nke ha hụrụ n'ebe ole na ole. Ha chọtara obere agwọ, nke kemgbe ahụ ghọrọ ihe a na-ahụkarị na ndagwurugwu ahụ. Nnyocha ha ka bụ naanị otu n'ime ụdị osimiri ahụ n'oge tupu e wuo Glen Canyon Dam. Mgbe njem ahụ gasịrị, Clover na Jotter bipụtara nchọpụta botanical nke njem ahụ na mbipụta 1944 nke American Midland Naturalist . 

Njem ọzọ nke Clover bụ na Osimiri San Juan na Texas, bụ ebe ọ chịkọtara ihe atụ osisi fosil, nke njem 1939 sochiri na Havasupai Canyon na Arizona. O bipụtara ihe nchoputa sitere na njem ndị a n'akwụkwọ akụkọ 1941 ya na Jotter dere nke isiokwu ya bụ "Cacti of the Colorado River and Tributaries". N'ime afọ ndị sochirinụ, Clover lekwasịrị anya na nyocha ya n'ọzara nke Mexico na Guatemala ma rụọ ọrụ ụfọdụ na Haiti.

Clover sonyeere ọtụtụ obodo ọkachamara, gụnyere American Association for the Advancement of Science, Botanical Society of America, na Michigan Academy of Science. Ọ lara ezumike nká na mahadum na 1967 wee kwaga Rio Grande Valley nke Texas. Ọ nwụrụ na 1980, ma akwụkwọ ya ugbu a bụ Bentley Historical Library na Mahadum Michigan na-ejide ya.

## Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ

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## N'omenala a ma ama

* Elzada Clover pụtara dị ka onye na-enyocha igbu ọchụ na akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe omimi nke afọ 2009 The Butterflies of the Grand Canyon nke Margaret Erhart dere.

## Edemsibia

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

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Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations