open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Cornificia

## Ndụ
Cornificia so na ndị ọgbọ ikpeazụ nke Roman Republic.

Nwa nwanyị nke Quintus Cornificius na nwanne nwanyị nke onye na-ede uri, *praetor* na augur Cornificium, Cornificia lụrụ nwoke a na-akpọ Camerius. Jane Stevenson tụrụ aro na nke a nwere ike ịbụ otu Camerius bụ enyi nke onye na-ede uri Catullus, nke a kpọrọ aha na uri ya 55. 

Ọ bụ ezie na nplrnificia ghọrọ ma *praetor* ma augur na-egosi na ezinụlọ ahụ nwere ọkwá dị ukwuu. Onye *praetor* bụ onye ọkà iwu na / ma ọ bụ onye isi ndị agha, ebe onye augur bụ ụkọchukwu nke ọrụ ya bụ 'iwere nkwado', na-akọwa uche chi site n'ịmụta ọrụ ụmụ nnụnụ.

Onye dere ebem si bia bụ Christine de Pisan na-atụ aka na Cornificia n'akwụkwọ ya The Book of the City of Ladies (1405), na-ekwu na o nwere ikike maka mmụta, ọkachasị ide uri na sayensị.

## Ọrụ
Ọrụ Cornificia niile efuchaala. Aha ya dị ka onye na-ede uri nọ na narị afọ nke anọ nke St Jerome (347-420 AD). Na ide banyere nwanne ya nwoke Cornificius, Jerome kwuru, sị: "Huius soror Cornificia, cuius insignia extant epigrammata" (Nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Cornificia, onye nke okwu ya pụrụ iche kwụsịrị). Nke a gosiri na a  na-agụ ọrụ ya ihe dị ka narị afọ anọ mgbe ọ nwụsịrị.

Cornificia bụ otu n'ime isiokwu 106 nke Giovanni Boccaccio's On Famous Women (De mulieribus claris, 1362 AD), nke na-ekwu maka ya: 
 
Onye Renaissance humanist Laura Cereta dere n'akwụkwọ ozi o degaara Bibolo Semproni: "Tinye Cornificia, nwanne nwanyị nke onye na-ede uri Cornificius, onye tinyere u

## Ihe Ncheta
Ihe akpụrụ akpụ nke Cornificia na nwanne ya nwoke kwụdoro na Rom, ihe odide ahụ na-agụ - CORNIFICIA Q. F. CAMERI Q. CORNIFIUS Q. F, FRATER PR. CORNIFICIA Q. F. CAMERI Q. CORNIFIFICIUS Q. F F. FRATER PR. AUGUR (Cornificia, nwa nwanyị nke Quintus, nwunye Camerius, [and] nwanne ya nwoke Quintus Cornificius, Praetor na Augur). 

## Ebem si bia

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] R. Helm (Leipzig, Germany 1913), 159 2-5

## Ihe edeturu n'okpuru ala
ịtara ụdị
Asụsụ Guugu Yalandji

**Guugu Yalandji**, nke a na-akpọkwa **Kuku-Yalanji**, bụ asụsụ ndị Aborigine Australia nke Queensland. Ọ bụ asụsụ ọdinala ndị Kuku Yalanji na-asụ. 

## Ọkà okwu
N'agbanyeghị esemokwu dị n'etiti ndị Kuku Yalanji na ndị Britain bi na Queensland, asụsụ Kuku Yalanzi nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị mma nke ndị na-asụ ya, ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ na-abawanye.   [mgbe?] Ọ bụ ezie na asụsụ ahụ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ, ojiji asụsụ dị ike ma ụmụaka na-amụta ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ. Ọgbọ niile nke ndị na-ekwu okwu nwere àgwà asụsụ dị mma. 

Ndị Kuku Yalanji ka na-eme okpukpe ọdịnala ha, ha nwekwara ọdịnala ọnụ bara ọgaranya. Ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ nọ n'obodo Kuku Yalanji na-ejikwa Bekee. Ihe dị ka 100 ndị na-asụ Kuku Yalanji nwere ike ịgụ ma dee na Kuku Yalanzi.   &#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Ụdaume
Kuku-Yalanji na-eji usoro ụdaume atọ, /a, u, i/, nke a na-eji n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ nke ndị Aborigine Australia.

### Mgbochiume
Tebụl a na-eji usoro orthography nke ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ na ndị na-ekwu okwu na-eji. Ebe orthography dị iche na nnọchiteanya IPA, orthograph dị na brackets.

Ụda nkwụsị nwere ike ịdị n'etiti ntọhapụ olu na enweghị olu .

## Ihe edere na ala peeji

## Ntụaka

# Partz, Elisabeth (2002).

## Njikọ mpụga

* Bibliography of Gugu Yalandji people and language resources, at the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
* Bibliography of Gugu Djangun people and language resources, at the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
* Bibliography of Gugu Gulunggur people and language resources, at the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
* Bibliography of Gugu Muluriji people and language resources , at the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
* Bibliography of Gugu Wakura people and language resources, at the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
Maria Luisa Berti

**Maria Luisa Berti** (amụrụ n'abalị isii n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afo 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Eprel-Ọktoba 2011 ozi Ịtali aka (n'asụsụ Italian) 
Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Kyoli Asụsụ

Asụsụ **Kyoli** ma ọ bụ **Cori** (Chori) bụ asụsụ Plateau a na-asụ na Southern Kaduna State, Nigeria .

## Nchịkọta
A na-asụ ya na ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Nok na Jaba Local Government Area (LGA), Kaduna State . Ndị na-asụ asụsụ na-ahọrọ ịsụpe aha asụsụ ha dị ka **Kyoli**, nke a na-akpọ [kjoli] ma ọ bụ [çjoli]. A na-akpọ agbụrụ a dị ka **Kwoli** .

Enwere ihe dị ka ndị na-asụ Kyoli 7,000-8,000 bi na ụyọkọ obodo abụọ nke Hal-Kyoli na Bobang. Bobang bụ ebe ọdịnala na mpaghara a na-asụ Kyoli. Ụyọkọ obodo Bobang nwere obodo ise nke Bobang, Fadek, Akoli, Hagong na Nyamten. Obodo Hal-Kyoli dị naanị ya. Obodo niile nke Kwoli gbara n'ụkwụ Egu-Kyoli ugwu, nke gbagoro ihe karịrị mita 240 n'elu obodo. 

## Ụda
A maara Cori maka inwe ọkwa ụda isii dị iche iche, nke ukwuu iji dee mkpụrụedemede ụda olu mba ụwa, nke na-enye ohere ise. Agbanyeghị, enwere naanị ụda atọ dị n'okpuru: 1 (  ), 4 (  ), na 6 (  ), nke bụ ihe niile dị mkpa ka e dee maka ịgụ akwụkwọ. Ọtụtụ ikpe nke Tone 2 (  ) sitere na ụda sandhi, yana 4 ghọrọ 2 tupu 1. Ụda 3 (  ) na 5 (  ) enwere ike nyochaa dị ka ụda contour, yana ihe dị n'okpuru  ghọtara dị ka  na  ghọtara dị ka  .

Iji degharịa ụda elu elu na-enweghị ọnụọgụgụ (nke na-edochaghị anya), achọrọ diacritic ọzọ, dịka a na-ahụkarị maka asụsụ dị larịị anọ na Central America:

: **1**  (  )
: 2  (  )
: 3  (  )
: **4**  (  )
: 5  (  )
: **6**  (  )

## Ọnụọgụ
Ọnụọgụ Kyoli n'asụsụ dị iche iche: 

## Ntụaka
Kembra nwere usoro okwu SOV, na-egosikwa na ọ nwere mmegide bipartite dịka na Abun na French. Naanị ọtụtụ ahịrịokwu ka Konel (nd), ewepụtara n'okpuru ebe a site na Foley (2018

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* *[https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/86280 Profaịlụ Sociolinguistic nke asụsụ Kyoli (Cori)  nke Kaduna State, Nigeria]*
* Dihoff, Ivan (1976). *Akụkụ nke usoro ụda olu nke Chori.* Akwụkwọ mmụta doctoral, Mahadum Wisconsin.
Asụsụ Kembra

**Kembra** bụ asụsụ South Pauwasi nke ndị mmadụ ruru iri abụọ na-asụ na Western New Guinea na obodo Kiambra, Kaisenar District, Keerom Regency . Ihe dị n'agbata 20% na 60% nke ndị agbụrụ na-eji ya eme ihe, a naghịkwa enyefe ya ụmụaka.

## Nhazi
Barnabas Konel na Roger Doriot mere akwụkwọ izizi. A ka ebipụtaghị data Kembra na ndetu ubi Konel na Doriot.  

Foley (2018) na-ekwu na Kembra nwere ụfọdụ ụdị nkwuwa okwu yiri Lepki, ma ọ bụghị Murkim, na-egosi na ịgbazinye okwu n'etiti Kembra na Lepki, ma ọ bụghị Murkim. Ọ na-enye ohere na Kembra nwere njikọ na Lepki-Murkim, na-echere ihe akaebe ọzọ.  Site na data ndị ọzọ, Usher (2020) nwere ike nyochaa njikọ ahụ.

## fonology
Kembra bụ asụsụ ụda olu, dị ka e gosiri site na obere ụzọ abụọ ndị a .  

* *yá* 'ezi'
* *ya* 'ọkụ, osisi'

## Okwu ndị bụ isi
Okwu ndị bụ isi nke Kembra depụtara na Foley (2018): 

## Ahịrịokwu
Kembra nwere usoro okwu SOV, na-egosikwa na ọ nwere mmegide bipartite dịka na Abun na French. Naanị ọtụtụ ahịrịokwu ka Konel (nd), ewepụtara n'okpuru ebe a site na Foley (2018). 

## Ntụaka
Asụsụ Khongsat

**Khongsat** (Kongsat, **' ), nke a na-akpọkwa **Suma*',  bụ asụsụ Loloish nke ugwu Laos .

A na-asụ Khongsat na Namo District, Oudomxai Province, gụnyere n'ime obodo Sutko (Kato 2008).

== Ntụaka ==
Mpaghara Bun Tay

== Isi mmalite ==

* Kato, Takashi. 2008. *Nnyocha asụsụ nke asụsụ Tibeto-Burman na Lao PDR'' Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Culture of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
Asụsụ Akeu

**Akeu** bụ asụsụ Loloish a na-asụkarị na Jinghong na Mengla County, China, yana ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-asụ obere na Burma, Laos na Thailand. Gokhy nwere ike ịbụ njikọ.

Luma nwekwara mmekọrịta chiri anya na Akeu dịka Lew (2023) siri kwuo. 

## Nkesa
Akeu (Ake 阿克; autonym: Gouke 勾克) ka a na-asụ n'ebe ndị a nke Yunnan (Ị 2013:172).  Ndị Akeu si na Mojiang County kwaga na mpaghara Xishuangbanna (西双版纳, Sipsonpanna) ọgbọ 8 gara aga (ihe dịka afọ 300 gara aga).

* Ganlanba 橄榄坝, Menghan Township 勐罕镇, Jinghong City 景洪市;
* Obodo Menglong 勐龙镇, Jinghong City 景洪市;
* Ugwu Sanda 三达山, Jinghong City 景洪市;
* Obodo Menglun 勐仑镇, Mengla County 勐腊县;
* Mpaghara Yiwu 易武乡, Mengla County 勐腊县.

## Olumba
Olumba Akeu nke Kyaingtong, Myanmar na Menglun 勐仑镇, Mengla County, China yitere. Okwu ndị a sitere na olumba Akeu abụọ a sitere na Hayashi (2015). 

## Okwu okwu
Ọnụọgụ Akeu bụ: 

# 
# 
# 
# 
# 
# 
# 
# 
# 
# 

## Ntụaka
Laos na Thailand. Gokhy nwere ike ịbụ njikọ.
Asụsụ Adu

**Adu** ( Chinese ) bụ asụsụ Loloish enweghị nkewa nke Huaning County, Yunnan, China.

## Nhazi
Pelkey (2011:431)  na-atụ aro na asụsụ Xiqi, Ati na ogologo asụsụ nke Huaning County nwere ike ịbụ asụsụ ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Loloish . Hsiu (2018) na-atụkwa aro njikọ ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Loloish. 

## Nkesa
*Huaning County Gazetteer*华宁县志 (1994:514) depụtara ebe ndị a nke Adu.

* Qinglong Town 青龙镇: Songzichang 松子场,  Xinzhai 新寨,  Douju 斗居,  Chengmendong 城门洚,  Niuqiduo
* Obodo Lufeng 禄丰乡: Gele 革勒

## Okwu okwu
Akwụkwọ akụkọ agbụrụ Huaning County (1992:72)  na-enye ndepụta okwu dị mkpirikpi nke Adu, Ati, Xiqi, Nong, na Azhe nke e degharịrị site na iji mkpụrụedemede China, nke egosiri n'okpuru. E nyekwala ntụgharị asụsụ Pinyin n'okpuru.

## Ntụaka
Laos na Thailand. Gokhy nwere ike ịbụ njikọ.
Asụsụ Amu

**Amu** ( Chinese ) bụ asụsụ Southern Loloish nke Mojiang Hani Autonomous County, Yunnan, China.

Yang Meiqiong (2014) nwere ndepụta okwu na nkebiokwu nke Amu edegharịrị site na iji ederede Hani.

## Nkesa
Na Mojiang County, ngụkọta nke mmadụ 7,050 na-asụ Amu n'ime obodo ndị a (Yang & Zhang 2010:9).

* Obodo Sinanjiang 泗南江乡 (mmadụ 4,001), nke nwere ihe karịrị ọkara nke Amu niile bi na Qian'gang Village 千岗村 na Ganba Village 干村 dị ka Yang siri kwuo (2014:1).
* Obodo Longtan 龙潭乡 (mmadụ 998)
* Obodo Baliu 坝溜乡 (mmadụ 945)
* Yayi Township 雅邑乡 (451 person)
* Obodo Wenwu 文武乡 (mmadụ 125)

## Ntụaka
Laos na Thailand. Gokhy nwere ike ịbụ njikọ.

* Yang Hong [杨洪], Zhang Hong [张红]. 2010. *Ọnụọgụ mmadụ na ọnọdụ dị ugbu a nke otu obere Hani na mpaghara Mojiang* [墨江哈尼族自治县哈尼支系与人口现状调查研究]. Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Mahadum Honghe [红河学院学报]. Vol. 8, Nke 3. Junị 2010.   
* Yang Meiqiong [杨美琼]. 2014. *Wenhua shiying yu shehui bianqian* - Mojiang Hanizu Amu zhixi wenhua shizheng. Kunming: Yunnan Arts Press [云南美朮出版社]. ISBN&nbsp;
* Ị Weiqiong [尤伟琼]. 2013. *Nkewa agbụrụ nke Yunnan* [云南民族识别研究]. Beijing: Nationalities Press [民族出版社].
Asụsụ Bisoid

Asụsụ **Bisoid** (Phunoi) bụ ngalaba ndịda Loloish ( Hanoish ) nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Sino-Tibet . A na-asụ ọtụtụ asụsụ Bisoid na Phongsaly Province, n'ebe ugwu Laos, yana ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke ndị na-asụ asụsụ China ( Yunnan ), Vietnam ( Lai Châu Province ), Myanmar ( Shan State ), na ugwu Thailand .

## Asụsụ
Asụsụ Bisoid bụ:
 

## Nhazi

### Bradley (2007)
David Bradley (2007)  na-ewere na olumba Bisoid ndị a nwere njikọ chiri anya.

* **[[Asụsụ Bisu|Bisu]]** : Ndị agbụrụ 500 na ugwu Thailand, ndị na-asụ ya pere mpe
* **Hpyin** ( **Pyen** ): akọpụtagoro dị ka moribund na 1900, ma dochie Lahu
* **Laomian** : Ndị na-asụ 4,000 (n'ime ndị agbụrụ 5,000) na Central Lancang County
* **Laopin** : ihe na-erughị 1,000 ndị ọkà okwu (n'ime 1,300 agbụrụ) na Menghai County
* ***' ( '''Lao-Pan''' na Kingsada (1999))

Bradley (2007) depụtara asụsụ ''Sinsali'' (nke bụbu ''Phunoi'' ) ndị a, nke dị iche na ibe ya.

* '''Sinsali''' kwesịrị ekwesị
* ***' ( **[[Asụsụ Phongku|Phongku]]** na Kingsada (1999))
* ***' ( '''Laoseng''' na Kingsada (1999))
* ***' ( **[[Asụsụ Bisu|Bisu]]** )

Asụsụ Bisoid ndị ọzọ gụnyere:

* **phongset** ( **' ) (Shintani 2001)
* **Phunyot** ( **' ) (Kato 2008)

### Udomkool (2006)
Kitjapol Udomkool (2006:34),  na-ehota data sitere na Wright,  depụtakwara asụsụ Bisoid (Phunoi) ndị a.

* **Tsukong** [ **' ] (China): nso Cốông
* **Cauho** [ **' ] (Laos): dị iche iche
* **Bantan** [ **' ] (Laos): dị iche iche
* **Cantan** [ **' ] (Laos): nso Sinsali

Kitjapol Udomkool (2006) na-enye nhazi mgbakọ na mwepụ ndị a maka otu Bisoid (Phunoi), na-eji usoro UPGMA .

### Wright (nd)
Wright (nd)  na-ahazi asụsụ Singsali (Phunoi) nke Phongsaly Province, Laos dịka ndị a. Phongku nwere ike ma ọ bụ ghara ịbụ otu otu dị ka Laoseng, Phongset, Cantan, na Singsali .
 

### Hsiu (2016, 2018)
A tụlekwara asụsụ bisoid na nyocha lexical phylogenetic computational 2016 nke Hsiu (2016) mere. 
 
Hsiu (2018)  dezigharịrị nhazi Bisoid dị n'elu dịka ndị a, gbakwunyere Habei na Bisoid.

; Bisoid

* Ụyọkọ Bisu : Bisu, Laomian, Laopin, Pyen, Laopan
* Ụyọkọ Singsali: Phunoi, Singsali, Cantan, Laoseng, Phongku, Phongset, Phunyot
* Ụyọkọ Coong: Cốông, Sangkong, Tsukong
* Cauho
* Bantan
* Hongsat
* Habei (Mani)

Achọpụtakwara Muda ka ọ nwere substratum Bisoid na Akha superstratum. Khongsat na Laoseng nwere okwu mbinye Siloid . 

## Ntụaka
Asụsụ Siloid

**Asụsụ Siloid** bụ ngalaba ndịda Loloish ( Hanoish ) nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Sino-Tibet . Hsiu (2016) tụpụtara alaka Siloid nke mbụ. 

A na-asụ ọtụtụ asụsụ Siloid na Phongsaly Province, n'ebe ugwu Laos, na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke ndị ọkà okwu bi na China ( Yunnan ) na Vietnam ( Lai Châu Province ).

## Asụsụ
Asụsụ Siloid bụ:
 
Luma nwekwara mmekọrịta chiri anya na Akeu dịka Lew (2023) siri kwuo. 

## Nhazi
A tụlere nhazi nke ime asụsụ Siloid na nyocha lexical phylogenetic computational 2016 site na Hsiu (2016). 

; Siloid

* Wanyä
* (alaka isi)
** Phusang
** Khir, Kosao
** Sila (Sida)

Hsiu (2018)  dezigharịrị nhazi Siloid dị n'elu dị ka ndị a.

; Siloid

* Luma, Pala
* Akeu, Gokhy
* Wanyä (Muchi)
* ụyọkọ Sila:
** Sila, Sida
** Paza (Phusang)
** Khir, Kosao
** Phana

## Ntụaka

* Lama, Ziwo Qiu-Fuyuan (2012), *Subgrouping of Nisoic (Yi) Languages*, thesis, University of Texas at Arlington ( ederede )
* Kingsada, Thō̜ngphet, na Tadahiko Shintani . 1999 *Okwu ndị bụ isi nke asụsụ ndị a na-asụ na Phongxaly, Lao PDR* Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Culture of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
* Shintani, Tadahiko, Ryuichi Kosaka, na Takashi Kato. 2001. *Nnyocha asụsụ nke Phongxaly, Lao PDR* Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Culture of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
* Kato, Takashi. 2008. *Nnyocha asụsụ nke asụsụ Tibeto-Burman na Lao PDR* Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Culture of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
Asụsụ Phongku

**Phongku** ( **' ) bụ asụsụ Loloish nke Phongsaly Province, ugwu Laos . David Bradley (2007)  depụtara **' dị ka autonym.

Na Phongsaly Province, Laos, a na-asụ Phongku na Phongku Long, Mpaghara Bun Tay (Kingsada 1999). Otu ọzọ a na-akpọ ** ma ọ bụ Phu-Lawa na-asụ ụdị asụsụ nwere njikọ chiri anya na obodo Phongkulong, Bun Tay District (Shintani 2001).

## Ntụaka
Mpaghara Bun Tay asụsụ    Lawa na-Asụsụ Tay asụsụ

## Isi mmalite

* Kingsada, Thō̜ngphet, na Tadahiko Shintani . 1999 *Okwu ndị bụ isi nke asụsụ ndị a na-asụ na Phongxaly, Lao PDR* Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Culture of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
* Shintani, Tadahiko, Ryuichi Kosaka, na Takashi Kato. 2001. *Nnyocha asụsụ nke Phongxaly, Lao PDR* Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Culture of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
* Wright, Pamela Sue. nd *Singsali (Phunoi) Okwu dị iche iche nke Phongsali Province* . ms
Asụsụ Angluo

**Angluo** ( Chinese ; Hhaqlol,  IPA: **  ) bụ asụsụ Southern Loloish nke Yunnan, China. A na-asụ Angluo na Jinping Miao, Yao, na Dai Autonomous County na Yuanyang County, Yunnan (gụnyere na Xinjie Town 新街镇 ).

Na mpaghara Yuanyang, Yunnan, a na-ahụ Angluo n'ime obodo anọ nke Xinjie 新街, Huangmaoling 黄茅岭, Panzhihua 攀枝花, na Niujiaozhai 牛角寨 (Yang & Lu 2011).

Zhang (1998) na Yang & Lu (2011) dekọtara asụsụ Angluo. Ọ bụghị otu ihe ahụ na asụsụ Gehuo, nke a na-akpọkwa *Angluo* na *Gehe* .

## Ntụaka

* *Akwụkwọ akụkọ agbụrụ nke Jinping County* (2013).金平苗族瑶族傣族自治县民族志1979-2010.金平苗族瑶族傣族自治県民族宗教事務局編.雲南民族出版社. 2013 8月. ISBN&nbsp;
* Yang Liujin 杨六金; Lu Chaogui 卢朝贵. 2011.国际哈尼/阿卡区域文化调查: 中国元阳县新街哈尼族昂倮人文化实录. Kunming: Yunnan People's Press 云南人民出版社. ISBN&nbsp; (Angluo 昂倮 ndị obodo Xinjie 新街镇, Yuanyang County)
* Ị Weiqiong [尤伟琼]. 2013. *Nkewa agbụrụ nke Yunnan* [云南民族识别研究]. Beijing: Nationalities Press [民族出版社].
* Zhang Peizhi [张佩芝]. 1998. Okwu *atụnyere olumba Ha-Ya [哈尼语哈雅方言土语词汇对照*]. Kunming: Yunnan People's Press [云南民族出版社].
Hor nwa Punesh

**Hor nwa Punesh**  (ma ọ bụ **Pwenesh**) [2] bụ onye majik sitere na Akwụkwọ ndị Ijipt oge ochie.

## Ebe e si nweta ya
A na-akpọ Hor na mpempe akwụkwọ Blacas nke sitere na nkeji nke atọ nke narị afọ nke ise BC, nke a chọtara na Saqqara na ugbu a na London.[3] Edemede a dị na Imperial Aramaic.[1] A gụwo aha Họọ dị ka ḥr-pa-pꜣ-wnš,[3] mana enwere ụfọdụ ejighị n'aka gbasara Har. The patronymic 'Bar Punesh' doro anya.[2] Enwere ike ịtụgharị ya “nwa anụ ọhịa wolf”[3]. A kpọtụrụ Hor n’otu akụkụ papaịrọs ahụ, o doghịkwa anya ma ihe odide dị n’akụkụ nke ọzọ ọ bụ otu akụkọ ahụ.[2]

A na-akpọkwa Hor (ma ọ bụ Horus) n'iberibe papaịrọs ndị Demotic Egypt iri na ise site na opekata mpe ndị odeakwụkwọ atọ dị iche iche, nke edobere ugbu a na Berlin.[3] Ebipụtabeghị ha, mana Karl-Theodor Zauzich kọwara ya.[1] Ọ nwere ike ịbụ otu onye ahụ Horus nwa Paneshe aha ya na akụkọ Demotic Setne Khamwas na Si-Osire, nke echekwara na papyrus sitere na narị afọ mbụ BC, ikekwe nke Crocodilopolis, ugbu a na London.[3]

## Akụkọ
Arthur Ernest Cowley ka edegharịrị ma tụgharịa asụsụ Aramaic nke Bar Punesh.[1] Na nsụgharị Aramaic, Bar Punesh bụ onye anwansi na-ekwupụta ọdachi na-abịa. Nke a yiri ka ọ̀ bụ nzaghachi nye ogbugbu nke otu eze gburu ụmụ ya, bụ́ onye, ​​n’ihi ọdịdị nke ihe odide ahụ dị nkenke, pụrụ ịbụ eze Ijipt ma ọ bụ nke ọzọ.[2] Ihe omume nke ndị dibịa afa bụ isiokwu a na-ahụkarị na akwụkwọ ndị Ijipt oge ochie.[2]

Na nchịkọta Cowley, Bar Punesh "rụwo ọrụ ụfọdụ dị mma nke eze kwụrụ ya ụgwọ kwesịrị ekwesị maka ya". Terence Mitchell, kwa, na-ele ya anya dị ka onye nwere "ezute Fero". Mbipụta nke Bezalel Porten na Ada Yardeni kwenyere, na-eme ka Bar Punesh tinye "n'elu ndị eze, ma tinye ya n'etiti ndị isi". Na onye iro Bar Punesh bụ eze mba ọzọ ka ederede Demotic mere ka o doo anya.

Iberibe Demotic na-egosi Hor nwa Punesh dị ka otu n'ime ndị ụkọchukwu nke Ra na Heliopolis. Akụkọ ya bụ nke dị iche na nke ndị Nnukwu Nchụàjà nke Ptah na Memphis. Onye isi iro ya bụ eze Meroë. Ụzọ o si eme ihe na-agụnye Book of Thoth na ihe oyiyi waxen.[3] Na *Setne Khamwas na Si-Osire*, ọ na-echebe Fero Ramesses nke Abụọ site na ụfọdụ ndị dibịa afa Meroite.

Ọ bụ ezie na ihe akaebe ya kachasị ochie dị na akwụkwọ Aramaic, Hor nwa Punesh ga-abụrịrị ihe odide ndị Ijipt.[2] Nsụgharị na mgbanwe nke akụkọ ya n'asụsụ Aramaic, asụsụ a na-eji eme ihe ruo n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ dị ka India, na-egosi na akwụkwọ Demotic abụghị naanị ndị na-agụ ya.[3]

## Ihe edeturu

## Akwụkwọ
Swedish bitters

Swedish bitters, nke a na-akpọkwa Swedish tincture, bụ ihe na-egbu egbu na nke ọdịnala, nke ojiji ya malitere na narị afọ nke iri na ise.

## Mmalite ya
N'otu ụzọ ahụ Paracelsus chepụtara nsi ahụ, dọkịta Sweden bụ Dr. Klaus Samst nke narị afọ nke 8 chọpụtara ya, ọ bụ ezie na a na-ekwu na onye ikpeazụ bụ otu nwoke, Kristian Henrik Hjärne, onye chepụtara nsi..

Ugbu a, Maria Treben, onye Ọstria na-ere ọgwụ, emela ndị na-ahụ maka ahịhịa na Sweden bụrụ ihe ebumnuche.[1]  Ọ bụ tonic na-agwọ ọtụtụ ọrịa, a gwọọla ya.  Nkwupụta ndị a nwere ntakịrị ihe akaebe sayensị iji kwado ha, ọ bụ ezie na enwere nnukwu nchekwa data nke nsonaazụ dị mma.

## Ihe ndị mejupụtara ya
Swedish bitters nwere otu uto nke Angostura bitters, n'agbanyeghị na ha adịghị ka ilu.  N'oge ndị, ọ bụ ihe na-akwadebe Swedish bitters saịtị nke ngwakọta nke Fikiere herbs

## Ihe ndị e ji mee ya
A na-agbakwunye ahịhịa ndị a na mmanya na-aba n'anya iji mee Swedish bitters:

* aloe dị ka ihe na-arụ ọrụ
* mmiri a na-ewepụta site na ahịhịa ndị a:
** mgbọrọgwụ Angelica (*Angelica archangelica*) 
** camphor (*Cinnamomum camphora*) 
** Carline thistle mgbọrọgwụ (*Carlina acaulis*) 
** manna (*Fraxinus ornus*) 
** Myrrh
** mgbọrọgwụ rhubarb (Rheum palmatum) 
** saffron
** Senna (*Senna alexandrina*) 
** Theriac venetian (theriac) (mgwakọta nke ọtụtụ ahịhịa na ihe ndị ọzọ) 
** mgbọrọgwụ zedoary (*Curcuma zedoaria*) 

E nwere ọdịiche dị iche iche na ntụziaka a na ụlọ ahịa ahịhịa na-enye ụdị ihe ọṅụṅụ na-aba n'anya na nke na-abụghị mmanya. 

Akwụkwọ Maria Treben nwere peeji iri asatọ na atọ nke nkọwa nke ọtụtụ ọrịa na ọgwụgwọ. 

## Ihe odide
Supernatural gift

Dị ka ozizi Ndị Kraịst si kwuo, onyinye Chineke bụ onyinye sitere n’aka Chineke nke Chineke kere.[1]  Ihe atụ nke a bụ onyinye ịhụnanya, nke na-enyere mmadụ aka ịzọpụta n'agbanyeghị mmehie mbụ o mere.

Onye edemede Roman Katọlik bụ Thomas Bartholomew Scannell wepụtara onyinye nke "onye karịrị mmadụ", nke pụtara "karịa ihe niile e kere eke (ọbụna ndị mmụọ ozi)", na ndị ọzọ bụ "onye karịrị mmadụ" ma ọ bụ "na-abụghị mmadụ", nke pụtara "onye karịrị mmadụ naanị iji bulie ọdịdị mmadụ ruo ọkwa nke ndị mmụọ ozi".".

Pope Paul VI, n'akwụkwọ ozi o degaara Eklisiam Suam, banyere onyinye karịrị nke mmadụ abụọ, eziokwu nke okwu ahụ, ahụrụ m nkuzi Jizọs n'akwụkwọ ahụ na ọrụ na-akwado gị ịnata onyinye karịrị nke mmadụ.. "

## Hụkwa

* Onyinye Ime Anwansi

## Ihe odide
Asụsụ Qidi

L

**Qidi** ( Chinese ; a na-akpọkwa **Qiedi**切弟) bụ asụsụ Southern Loloish nke Yunnan, China. A na-asụ Qidi na Jiangcheng Hani na Yi Autonomous County, Mojiang Hani Autonomous County, na Lüchun County .

Na Mojiang County, ngụkọta nke mmadụ 1,497 na-asụ Qiedi na Baliu Township 坝溜乡 (Yang & Zhang 2010:9).

## Okwu okwu
Hu & Dai (1964:80)  kpụta ụdịdị ndị a maka Qidi (七第). Ntụgharị asụsụ Gloss sitere na Wheatley (1982:13). 

* **' 'rie' (吃)
* **' 'kụọ, tie' (打)
* **' 'ụfụfụ, sọk' (泡沫)
* **' 'dị ndụ, dị' (活)

## Ntụaka

* Yang Hong [杨洪], Zhang Hong [张红]. 2010. *Ọnụọgụ mmadụ na ọnọdụ dị ugbu a nke otu obere Hani na mpaghara Mojiang* [墨江哈尼族自治县哈尼支系与人口现状调查研究]. Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Mahadum Honghe [红河学院学报]. Vol. 8, Nke 3. Junị 2010.   
* Ị Weiqiong [尤伟琼]. 2013. *Nkewa agbụrụ nke Yunnan* [云南民族识别研究]. Beijing: Nationalities Press [民族出版社].
Asụsụ Southern Loloish

Asụsụ **Southern Loloish** ma ọ bụ **Southern Ngwi**, nke a makwaara dị ka asụsụ **Hanoish** ma ọ bụ **Hanish**, bụ ngalaba nke asụsụ Loloish nke gụnyere Akha na Hani .

## Asụsụ
 
Alaka ndị a gụnyere na Lama (2012), nwere asụsụ sitere na Bradley (2007), bụ:A na-akpọ *Hanoid* na Lama (2012) *Akoid* na Bradley (2007), onye ghọtara asụsụ Hani-Akha na Haoni-Baihong dịka akụkụ nke otu Akoid.

Asụsụ Southern Loloish ndị ọzọ bụ:

* **Muda**
* **Paza** ( **Phusang** ), asụsụ achọpụtara nso nso a nke ugwu Laos metụtara Sila 
* **Bana ma ọ bụ Bala**  na Laos. Agụnyere ndị na-ekwu okwu na agbụrụ Kaw (Akha). Asụsụ ndị ọzọ buru ibu dị ka Akha na Lahu na-anọchizi asụsụ a.
* **Suobi梭比**, nke a na-asụ na Yinyuan Township 因远镇, Yuanjiang County
* **Nuobi糯比**, onye nwere mmekọrita ya na Suobi
* **Cosao**, asụsụ Southern Loloish nwere njikọ chiri anya na Khir
* **Yiche奕车**, nke a na-asụ na Mpaghara Honghe

Kato (2008) nwekwara akwụkwọ:

* **Muteun** ( **' )
* **Khongsat** ( **' )
* **Khir** ( ** )

Ụdị asụsụ Southern Loloish ndị ọzọ dị na ndịda etiti Yunnan gụnyere Bukong布孔, Budu布都,  Asuo阿梭, Duota堕塔,  Amu阿木, Lami腊米, Qiedi切弟, Kabie, 媝切 Kabie, Duoni多尼, na Habei哈备. Edepụtaghị Habei n'ime Southern Loloish.

### Hsiu (2016, 2018)
A 2016 computational phylogenetic lexical analysis site Hsiu (2016)  mere ka ngalaba ise na-esonụ nke Southern Loloish, na-enye nkwado ọzọ maka alaka Hanoid (Akoid) na Bisoid na Lama (2012) na Bradley (2007). Agbakwunyere alaka Siloid ọhụrụ.

# *Hanoid*
# *[[Asụsụ Bisoid|Bisoid]]*
# *[[Asụsụ Siloid|Siloid]]*
# *Bi-Ka* (?)
# *Jinuo* 
Osisi Southern Loloish dị n'elu ka Hsiu (2018)  dezigharịrị ya dị ka ndị a, yana 6 subgroups gụnyere.
 
Hsiu (2018) na-ewere ndị otu Hani-Akha na Bi-Ka ka ọ bụrụ akụkụ nke njikọ ugwu na ndịda etiti Yunnan, ebe otu Siloid, Bisoid, Jino, na Mpi bụ akụkụ nke njikọ ndịda na mpaghara ókèala China-Laos. 

## Ihe ohuru ohuru
Lama (2012) depụtara mgbanwe ndị a sitere na Proto-Loloish dị ka ihe ọhụrụ Hanoish.

* *m- → efu /__[u] ( Hani na Haoni )
* *kh- > x- ( Hani na Haoni )
* * N-> NC ma ọ bụ C (iwu ịgba ume imi na Bisu na Sangkong )
* Usoro nke mkpụrụokwu tụgharịrị (n'ezinụlọ niile)

## Ntụaka

* Bradley, David. 2007. East na Ndịda Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia. Na Moseley, Christopher (ed.), *Encyclopedia of the World’s Endangered Languages*, 349-424. London & New York: Routledge.
* Lama, Ziwo Qiu-Fuyuan (2012), *Subgrouping of Nisoic (Yi) Languages*, thesis, University of Texas at Arlington ( ederede )
* Kingsada, Thō̜ngphet, na Tadahiko Shintani . 1999 *Okwu ndị bụ isi nke asụsụ ndị a na-asụ na Phongxaly, Lao PDR* Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Culture of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
* Shintani, Tadahiko, Ryuichi Kosaka, na Takashi Kato. 2001. *Nnyocha asụsụ nke Phongxaly, Lao PDR* Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Culture of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
* Kato, Takashi. 2008. *Nnyocha asụsụ nke asụsụ Tibeto-Burman na Lao PDR* Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Culture of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
Asụsụ Kathu

**Kathu** ( Chinese ) bụ asụsụ Lolo-Burmese nke Balong (坝聋), Nanping Township (南屏镇), Guangnan County, Yunnan, China .  A na-akpọ ndị Kathu dị ka White Yi (白彝). Wu Zili (2004) na-eme atụmatụ na Kathu nwere ngụkọta nke ihe karịrị 7,000 na-ekwu okwu na Guangnan County (gụnyere na Dayashao 大牙少 ), yana na Jinping County, Yunnan. *Ethnologue* na-ekwu maka ọnụnọ enwere ike na Guangxi Province.

A na-akpọ ụdị dị iche iche metụtara ya dị ka **Gi** .

Kathu-Ị bụ onye ama ama maka inwe ụyọkọ consonant mbụ, nke dị n'ime alaka Lolo-Burmese na-ahụkwa na Burmese Edere ( Ochie Burmese ) na Jinuo (Hsiu 2014: 66).  Wu (2004) depụtara ụyọkọ mmalite pl, pʰl, bl, ml, kl, kʰl, gl, ql, qʰl, ɢl, ŋl.

## Ụdị dị iche iche
Hsiu (2014:65)  na-akọwapụta ụdị abụọ a na-asụ na Nanping Township (南屏镇).

* **Kathu** ( aha ya bụ : **' ), kwuru na obodo Anwang 安王村
* **Ị** ( aha njirimara : **' ), kwuru na Balong village 坝聋村

## Nhazi
Okwu Kathu yiri nke asụsụ Mondzish ndị ọzọ. Otú ọ dị, e nwere okwu dị iche iche nke na-apụtaghị na Lolo-Burmese sitere na ngalaba Tibeto-Burman na-amaghị (Hsiu 2014).  Hsiu (2014) na-atụ aro na enwere ike ịgbakwunye Kathu na ndepụta George van Driem nke Trans-Himalayan " akwụkwọ dara ada ."

Bradley (1997)  kewapụtara Kathu dị ka asụsụ Northern Loloish, ebe Bradley (2007)  kewara ya dị ka asụsụ ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Loloish . Otú ọ dị, Pelkey (2011:458)  kwuru na Kathu na Mo'ang abụghị asụsụ ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Loloish.

## Hụkwa

*  (Wiktionary)

## Ntụaka

* Wu Zili [武自立]. 2004. "Asụsụ Gasu [嘎僳话]". N'ime *ọmụmụ banyere asụsụ ndị ahọpụtara nke Yunnan* [云南特殊语言研究], 486-513. Kunming: Yunnan People's Press [云南民族出版社]. ISBN&nbsp;

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* Hụ, Andrew. 2014. " Mondzish: obere otu ọhụrụ nke Lolo-Burmese Archived   ". N'ime *mmemme nke 14th International Symposium on Chinese Language and linguistics (IsCLL-14)* . Taipei: Academia Sinica.
* Wu Zili [武自立]. 1994. Ọmụmụ izizi nke asụsụ Gasu nke Guangnan County, Yunnan Province [云南省广南县嘎苏话初探]. Minzu Yuwen 2. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060030/http://wuxizazhi.cnki.net/Search/MZYW402.006.html
* Wu Zili [武自立]. 2004. "Asụsụ Gasu [嘎僳话]". N'ime *ọmụmụ banyere asụsụ ndị ahọpụtara nke Yunnan* [云南特殊语言研究], 486-513. Kunming: Yunnan People's Press [云南民族出版社]. ISBN&nbsp;
John MacInnes (Gaelic scholar)

**John MacInnes** ( Scottish Gaelic : *Iain MacAonghuis*, *Iain mac Ruairidh mhic Iain mhic Iain mhic Néill mhic Mhaol Mhoire mhic Iain mhic Mhaol Chaluim*  ), ụbọchị 3 ọnwa Eprel afọ 1930 na Uig, Lewis -20 [10]lice na Uig, Lewis  Ọkammụta na ikike na ọdịnala ọnụ nke Scottish Gaelic. Amụrụ ya na Uig, Lewis, mana tolitere na Raasay,  wee nwee mmasị siri ike na ọdịnala Gaelic mgbe ọ ka na-eto eto wee gbalịsie ike ịchọ ya n'etiti ezinụlọ ya na obodo ya. 

N' afọ 1948, John MacInnes gara akwụkwọ na Mahadum nke Edinburgh wee nye ya ohere ịgụ akwụkwọ na Gaelic nke Ụka Scotland hiwere. N' afọ 1958, a họpụtara MacInnes ka ọ bụrụ mmekọrịta nyocha nke obele  na Ụlọ akwụkwọ Ọmụmụ nke Scotland  wee nọrọ ọtụtụ afọ na-eduzi ọrụ ubi n'etiti ndị na-asụ Gaelic na Scotland na Nova Scotia, Canada. O nwetara PhD ya na Mahadum, n'ihe gbasara uri Gaelic, n' afọ 1975.  MacInnes lara ezumike nká na oflọ Akwụkwọ nke Scottish Studies n'afo1993.

John MacInnes dere akwụkwọ akụkọ maka seminal dị ịrịba ama na akụkụ nke asụsụ Scottish Gaelic, akụkọ ọdịnala, akụkọ ọnụ, abụ, ịgba egwu, akụkọ ihe mere eme na nkwenkwe ụmụ amaala nke na-aga n'ihu na-agwa agụmakwụkwọ oge a. E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ nke ọma na nhọrọ nke edemede ndị a dị ka *Dùthchas nan Gàidheal* . Mbipụta pụrụ iche nke akwụkwọ akụkọ *Ọmụmụ nke Scotland* nwere ozi gbasara ndụ yana ọtụtụ akụkọ na-eme mmemme na ịgbasa ihe nketa ọgụgụ isi na omenala MacInnes. 

N' afọ 2015, John MacInnes nwetara onyinye onyinye ama dika 'Services to Gaelic' site na Ụlọ Nzukọ egwu ọdịnala  nke Scottish,  wee nata ihe nrite maka 'Ntụnye Kasị Mma' site na Ndekọ kwa ụbọchị na Bòrd na onyinye Gaelic Gàidhlig Scottish n'otu afọ ahụ. 

Ọ lụrụ nwunye ya Wendy MacInnes (née Dunn) bụ́ onye ya na ya mụrụ ụmụ abụọ, Ruairi na Catríona. O nwere ụmụ ụmụ abụọ, Sinéad na Roddy.
Bernard Anselm

**Bernard Anselme** ( ; amuru ụbọchị 3 ọnwa Novemba afọ 1945) bu onye minista nke isii-onye isi ala Wallonia na Belgium site na 11 Mee afọ 1988 rue 7 Jenuarị afọ 1992.

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Bernard Anselme na ụbọchị 3 ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 1945 na Mouscron, Wallonia nye onye ọrụ nzi ozi. Mgbe a kpọfere nna ya na Libramont-Chevigny, Anselme gụrụ akwụkwọ gbasara mmadụ site n' afọ 1957 ruo afọ 1963, na-ejedebe agụmakwụkwọ ya na Humanities na Namur n'afọ 1963. N' afọ 1968, Anselme nwetara akara ugo mmụta na sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, diplomacy na nchịkwa site na Université Libre de Bruxelles na Brussels . N'oge ya na Brussels, Anselme tinyere aka na nke ama dika Young FGTB, na-aghọ odeakwụkwọ odeakwụkwọ ya n'afọ 1964, odeakwụkwọ ya n' afọ 968 ma na-eje ozi dị ka onyeisi oche ya site n'afo 1968 ruo afọ 1970. 

N'agbata afọ 1969 na afọ 1972, Anselme jere ozi dị ka onye ndụmọdụ pụrụ iche nye Minista maka mmekọrịta obodo, na site n' afọ 1972 ruo afọ 1977 jere ozi dị ka onye ndụmọdụ Onye isi oche nke ndị ama dika Walloon Economic Council, Alfred Delourme [ fr ] . N' afọ 1977, Anselme ghọrọ onye otu Namur, na-eje ozi n'ọkwa dị iche iche tupu ọ rụọ ọrụ dị ka odeakwụkwọ steeti Wallonia site n' afọ 1979 ruo afọ 1980. N'afo 1985, dịka onye otu nzuko omeiwu mpaghara Wallonia, Anselme depụtara iwu guzobe Namur dị ka isi obodo nke Mpaghara Walloon.  N' afọ 1988, Anselme ghọrọ Minista-President nke Walloon Region, ọnọdụ ọ nọgidere ruo ụbọchị 7 ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 1992. Site n' afọ 1994 ruo  afọ 1999 Anselme jere ozi dị ka onye minista na-ahụ maka ime n'ime mpaghara Walloon, ọnwa ole na ole sochiri ya n'ọkwa nke Minister for Social Affairs. 

N' ụbọchị 1 ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2001, Anselme ghọrọ onye isi obodo Namur. N'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2006, mgbe e guzobere njikọ aka n'etiti ndị ama dika Christian Democrats, ndị Green na ndị Liberals, a chụpụrụ ndị nke Socialist Parti nke Anselme na gọọmentị na nke mbụ ya n'ime afọ iri atọ. Anselme kwupụtara ebumnuche ya ịhapụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mgbe e meriri ya na ntuli aka, mana o kwenyesiri ike na ọ ga-anọgide na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị obodo. Ọ na-anọdụ ugbu a dị ka onye kansụl obodo Namur . 

## Ntụaka

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Asụsụ Talu

**Talu** (他鲁; a makwaara dị ka **Talịu** ; **'  ) bụ asụsụ Loloish nke ihe karịrị ndị na-asụ 10,000 na-asụ na mpaghara Yongsheng na Huaping (Zhou 2004:1). Zhou (2004) gbadoro anya na olumba Talu nke obodo Liude 六德乡. Bradley (2004)  na-akọ na Talu (autonym: **' ) A na-asụ ya na Yongsheng, Ninglang na Huaping site na mmadụ 10,138, ọkachasị n'ime obodo 4 nke Liude Township 六德乡 na ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Yongsheng County . Enwekwara ndị na-asụ Talu n'akụkụ akụkụ Ninglangping Township, ndịda Ninglang County, na Tongda Township 通达傈僳族乡 na ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Huaping County . Talu nwere imi na-enweghị olu yana mpụta enweghị olu. Ọ metụtara Lolopo .

A na-asụ asụsụ dị iche iche nwere njikọ chiri anya akpọrọ **Nazan 纳咱**(Naza, Nazha) na Nazan Village 纳咱,  Liude Village 六德村, Liude Township 六德乡, Yongsheng County ( *Yongsheng County Gazetteer* 1989:637). A na-asụkwa ya n'ime obodo abụọ dị na Liude Township, yana ole na ole na obodo Bankiao. 

## Ntụaka

* Duan Qiuhong [段秋红]. 2015. *Ọmụmụ okwu Taliu [他留语词汇*调查研究]. akwụkwọ edemede MA. Kunming: Yunnan Normal University.
* Zhou Decai [周德才]. 2004. *Ọmụmụ asụsụ Talius* [他留话研究]. Kunming: Yunnan People's Press [云南民族出版社].
Asụsụ Khün

**Khün**, ma ọ bụ **Tai Khün** (Tai Khün:** **,  ; Shan   Thai    ), nke a makwaara dị ka **Kengtung tai**, **Kengtung Shan**, bụ asụsụ ndị Tai Khün bi na Kengtung, Shan State, Myanmar .  A na-asụkwa ya na Chiang Rai Province, Thailand, na Yunnan Province, China .

Ụdị nke Khün na-ekekọrịta 93% ruo 100% myirịta okwu .  Khun nwere njikọ chiri anya na asụsụ Tai ndị ọzọ. Khün na-ekekọrịta 90% ruo 95% myirịta lexical na asụsụ Northern Thai, 92% ruo 95% na Lü, 93% ruo 97% na Shan, yana 80% ruo 83% nwere Thai ọkọlọtọ . 

A na-eji ụdị dị iche iche nke script Tai Tham dee Tai Khun. 

## Nkesa ala
Na China, e nwere ihe dị ka 10,000 Tai Khuen ( Chinese ) ndị mmadụ na mpaghara ndị a na mpaghara Yunnan (Gao 1999). 

* Obodo Menglian孟连县: na Mengma Town 勐马镇, na na Meng'aba 勐阿坝 (ngụkọta obodo iri na abụọ)
* Mpaghara Ximeng西盟县: na Mengsuo 勐梭
* Mpaghara Lincang (obere, ndị gbasasịrị)

## fonology

Enwere ụda ise ma ọ bụ isii dị iche na Khün.  Ụdị dị iche iche a na-asụ na Keng Tung City, Kang Murng, na Kat Fah nwere ụda ise, na ụdị dị iche iche a na-asụ na Murng Lang nwere ụda isii.  Obodo Keng Tung, Kang Murng na Murng Lang bụ akụkụ nke obodo Kengtung . 

#### Mkpụrụokwu dị nro
Tebụlụ dị n'okpuru na-egosi ụda dị iche iche a na-asụ na Keng Tung City, Kang Murng, Kat Fah, na Murng Lang. Ụda ndị a na-apụta n'ime mkpụrụokwu ire ụtọ bụ mkpọokwu mepere emepe ma ọ bụ mkpịrịokwu mechiri emechi na-ejedebe n'ụda ụda, dị ka /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /w/, ma ọ bụ /j/.

#### Mkpụrụokwu enyochala
Atọ n'ime ụda ụda ụda olu ise ma ọ bụ isii na-apụta n'ime mkpụrụokwu ndị enyochara  nke bụ mkpụrụokwu mechiri emechi na-agwụ na njedebe glottal (/ ʔ/ ) ma ọ bụ ụda mgbochi, dị ka /p/, /t/, ma ọ bụ /k/. Tebụlụ dị n'okpuru na-egosi ụda atọ dị n'ụdị a na-asụ na Keng Tung City, Kang Murng na Kat Fah.

## Hụkwa

* Asụsụ Northern Thai
* Asụsụ Shan

## Ntụaka



* Owen, R. Wyn. 2012. " Ntụle ụda nke ụdị Tai Khuen dị ugbu a ." *Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Ndịda Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia Linguistics Society (JSEALS)* 5:12–31.
* Petsuk, Rasi (1978). *Njirimara izugbe nke asụsụ Khün* . Mahadum Mahidol MA nyocha.

## Njikọ mpụga

* mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Khün
Asụsụ Sonaga

**Sonaga** ( ** ; Chinese ; Xinfeng Yi 新峰彝) bụ asụsụ Loloish achọpụtara nso nso a nke mpaghara Heqing, Yunnan, China. A na-asụ Sonaga na Dongdeng 东登 nke Xinfeng Village 新峰村 (yana Anle Village 安乐村 ), Caohai Township 草海乡, Heqing County (Castro, et al. 2010). 

## Ntụaka
Stomachic

Stomachic bụ akụkọ gbasara ọgwụ na-arụ ọrụ maka gị, ọ na-arụ ọrụ maka gị, ọ na-arụ ọrụ maka gị na ọ na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma.  Ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ọtụtụ ọgwụ ndị a na-ere ahịa na-emetụta afọ, ọ dịghị ihe dị ka ọgwụ na-arụ ọrụ maka gị.

* Agrimony
* Aloe
* Anise
* Avens (*Geum urbanum*) 
* Barberry
* Osisi Bitterwood (*Picrasmaa excelsa*) 
* Cannabis
* Cayenne
* *Centaurium*
* *Cleome*
* Colombo (ahịhịa)  (*Frasera carolinensis*) 
* Dandelion
* Elecampane
* Ginseng
* Goldenseal
* *Grewia asiatica* (Phalsa ma ọ bụ Falsa) 
* Ihe ndị na-eme n'oge a
* Ogwu Dị Nsọ
* Mkpụrụ osisi Juniper
* Ịkpụ ego
* Mugwort
* Oregon
* Akpụkpọ anụ Peach
* Rhubarb
* Mkpụrụ osisi mustard na-acha ọcha
* Olu rose
* Okporo ámá
* Flag Sweet (Acorus calamus) 
* Osisi Worm (*Artemisia absinthium*) 

Nke a bụ afọ m na-arụ ọrụ na saịtị maka afọ gara aga;  Agbanyeghị, ụfọdụ ọgwụgwọ dị mgbagwoju anya.  Ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ kwesịrị ige m ntị:

* Bitters: a na-eji ya eme ka okooko osisi na-atọ ụtọ, si otú a na-emepụta ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ apụta. A na-ejikarị *Quassia*, *Aristolochia*, Gentian, na chirata eme ihe.
* Mmanya na-aba n'anya: na-eme ka nsị afọ dịkwuo elu site n'omume kpọmkwem nakwa site na mmeghachi omume nke uto uto.
* Ngwakọta dị iche iche: gụnyere Insulin nke na-eme ka mmepụta afọ dịkwuo elu site na ịmepụta hypoglycemia, na histamine, nke na-emepụta mkpali nke gland gastric.

## Ihe odide
Asụsụ Asuo

**Asuo** ( Chinese ; A na-akpọkwa **Asong**阿松) bụ asụsụ Southern Loloish nke Yunnan, China. A na-asụ Asuo na Jiangcheng Hani na Yi Autonomous County, Yuanjiang Hani, Yi na Dai Autonomous County, Lüchun County, Jinping Miao, Yao, na Dai Autonomous County, na Yuanyang County, Yunnan .

Lefèvre-Pontalis (1892)  na-akọ ọnụnọ nke Asong na Poufang, Lai Chau Province, Vietnam, ma nyekwa ndepụta okwu maka Asong.

## Ntụaka

* Ị Weiqiong [尤伟琼]. 2013. *Nkewa agbụrụ nke Yunnan* [云南民族识别研究]. Beijing: Nationalities Press [民族出版社].
Asur Asụsụ

**Asuri** bụ asụsụ Austroasiatic nke ndị Asur na-asụ, akụkụ nke alaka Munda .  Asuri nwere ọtụtụ okwu mbinye Dravidian n'ihi kọntaktị na Kurukh . 

Ọtụtụ ndị na-asụ Asuri bi na Gumla district nke Chota Nagpur . Na mgbakwunye, enwere obere ìgwè ndị na-asụ Asuri na Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, Odisha . 

*Ethnologue* na-ekwu na *Birjia* bụ olumba Asuri, kamakwa na e nwere asụsụ yiri nke Birjia ; o doghị anya ma ọ bụrụ na ndị a na-ezo aka n'otu ihe ahụ. Otú ọ dị, Anderson (2008:195), dabere na Prasad (1961:314), na-atụ aro na Birjia (Binjhia) nwere ike ịbụ asụsụ Indo-Aryan, ọ bụ ezie na Birjia bụ otu agbụrụ agbụrụ nke agbụrụ Asuri, yana ndị Asur kwesịrị ekwesị na Agariya.

Ekewabeghị Majhwar, mana dabere na ọnọdụ yana akara ndị ọzọ, ọ nwere ike bụrụ olumba Asuri. Ọ bụrụ otú ahụ, ndị na-asụ ya dị puku 35,000 (nke a kọrọ na 1995, sitere na otu agbụrụ nke 175,000) ga-eme ka ọ bụrụ ụdị Asuri kacha nwee ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ.

A na-ewere Asuri dị ka asụsụ dị ize ndụ .  Otu ihe dị mkpa mere e ji kewaa ya dị ka ihe dị ize ndụ bụ n'ihi enweghị ụdị ederede ọ bụla nke asụsụ ahụ. Ọ dị naanị dịka asụsụ a na-asụ Enwere ngụkọta fọnịm iri atọ na otu n'asụsụ Asuri, nke mejupụtara fọnịm iri abụọ na isii "segmental" na ise "supra-segmental". N'ime nke mbụ, e nwere consonants iri abụọ na otu na ụdaume ise. 

Edepụtara asụsụ Asur na UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. N'iji redio mkpanaka, ndị obodo Asur, otu agbụrụ ndị na-adịghị ike (PVTG) na Jharkhand, na-agbasawanye asụsụ a na-ewu ewu n'ime oke ala ha. A na-agbasa ozi na mmemme ntụrụndụ na ndị na-ekwu okwu n'ebe ọha na eze. 

## Nkesa ala
*Ethnologue* depụtara mpaghara na steeti ndị a ebe a na-asụ Asuri.

* Jharkhand : mpaghara ndịda Palamau, mpaghara ugwu Ranchi, mpaghara Gumla, na mpaghara Lohardaga nke Chota Nagpur Plateau.
* Chhattisgarh : mpaghara Raigarh na mpaghara Jashpur
* Odisha : mpaghara Sambalpur
* West Bengal

## Ntụaka
Asụsụ Ersuic

**Asụsụ Ersuic** ( Chinese , *Ersu* ; A na-akpọkwa **Duoxu** ma ọ bụ **Erhsu** ) bụ ụyọkọ asụsụ Qiangic nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Sino-Tibet . Ihe dị ka mmadụ 20,000 na-asụ asụsụ Ersu na China dị ka Sun (1982) kọrọ.  A na-akọ na Muya (nke ọzọ Menia ma ọ bụ Menya) nwere njikọ, mana amabeghị ka ọ dabara na ya.

Ndị na-ekwu okwu Ersuic bi n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke mpaghara Sichuan nke China (ọtụtụ mpaghara dị na Garzê Tibet Autonomous Prefecture, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, na obodo Ya'an nke dị larịị ).  Ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ndị gọọmenti China kewara dị ka ndị agbụrụ Tibet,   n'agbanyeghị na ụfọdụ debakwara aha dị ka Han Chinese .  Ndị okenye na-ejikarị Ersu eme ihe, mana ndị na-eto eto na-ejikwa Chinese ma ọ bụ Yi .

Edemede Ersu Shaba nke akwụkwọ okpukperechi *shābā* bụ usoro ihe osise nke ide ihe . Usoro, nke agba nke ihe odide nwere mmetụta na ihe ọ pụtara, sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke Chinese na-emepụta na narị afọ nke 11.

## Asụsụ
Enwere asụsụ Ersuic atọ. [ 3 ]

* Ersu尔苏 (Eastern Ersu) - ndị na-ekwu okwu 13,000 [ 4 ]
* Lizu傈苏, 里汝, 吕苏 (Western Ersu) - 4,000 ọkà okwu; [ 4 ] 7,000 ndị ọkà okwu [ 5 ]
* Tosu多续 (Central Ersu) - 3,000 ọkà okwu; [ 4 ] ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nke fọdụrụ [ 5 ]

Yu (2012) classifies Ersu languages as follows, with defining innovations given in parentheses.

; Proto-Ersuic

* Tosu
* Ersu ( *ja* - okwu nganiihu)
** Hanyuan 汉源
** Zeluo 则落 / Qingshui 清水 (*ui- > ri-, *tɕ- > ts-, wdg.)
* Lizu (*j- > ɲ-, *Ke > Kɯ, *riu > ri)
** Mianing 冕宁 (alveopalatal split)
** Central (*st-> k-, *HC-> C-)
*** Naiqu 乃渠
*** Kala 卡拉 (nke sitere na Chirkova (2008) )
*** Kala 卡拉 (nke sitere na Huang & Renzeng (1991) )

## Ụtọ asụsụ
Ersu bụ isiokwu-ihe-okwu ngwaa . O nwere ụda atọ.

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ
 

## Ntụaka

## Akpọrọ ọrụ
 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nchekwa ELAR nke ngwa akwụkwọ asụsụ Ersu
*  (Wiktionary)
Asụsụ Yei Zhuang

**Yei Zhuang** bụ mgbagwoju anya asụsụ Northern Tai a na-asụ na Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan, China . A na-akpọkwa ndị na-ekwu okwu ya Sha (沙族), otu obere ndị Zhuang .

## Nkesa
Na Yunnan, a na-asụ olumba Yei Zhuang na mpaghara Funing na Guangnan (nakwa na Guangxi n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ugwu), yana Qiubei (ikekwe nakwa na Qujing Municipality n'ebe ugwu). A na-ahụ ọkwa kachasị nke ndị na-ekwu okwu Yei Zhuang na Qiubei (80% nke ngụkọta ndị Zhuang) na Funing (50% nke ngụkọta ndị Zhuang) mpaghara (Johnson 2011a:43).

Po-ai, asụsụ Tai nke Funing County nke Fang-kuei Li kọwara na etiti 1900s, bụ Johnson (2011b) kpebiri ịbụ olumba Yei Zhuang.

## Aha
N'okpuru bụ aha dị iche iche (ma autonyms na exonyms ) maka ndị na-ekwu okwu nke Yei Zhuang (Johnson 2011a:43).

* pu Nong (濮侬)
*  (Qiubei)
* bu Yai (布雅衣)
* bu Yei (布依, 布瑞, 布越)
* Shazu (沙族) ma ọ bụ Sharen (沙人)
* Baisha (白沙)
* Nongqianbeng (侬迁绷)
* Zhongjia (仲家)

Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị a bụkwa aha Bouyei .

## Njirimara
Enweghị consonants ọ bụla na Qiubei Zhuang. /pj/ na ọkọlọtọ Zhuang bụ /p/, dị ka ọ dị na /pja1/ "azụ", pjak7 "akwukwo nri" bụ /pa/1, /pak/7.  /mj/ bụ m ma ọ bụ n, dịka ọmụmaatụ mjaːk3 "na-amị amị", mjaːi2 "saliva" dị ka /ma6/, /naːi2/. /kj/ jikọtara ya na k ma ọ bụ t, dịka ọmụmaatụ kjaːŋ1 "n'etiti", kja4(nwa mgbei) bụ /kaːŋ3/, /tsa4/. A na-agbanwe consonant k n'ihu i, e ka ọ bụrụ ts, dịka ọmụmaatụ ki3 "ọtụtụ", kiːŋ2 (esi nri triangular),  ke5 "ochie" dị ka /tʃi1/, /tʃiːŋ2/, /tʃes/.

## Ntụaka

* Johnson, Eric C. 2011. " [Asụsụ ndịda Zhuang ndịda nke mpaghara Wenshan nke Yunnan Province si n'echiche mmekọrịta ọha na eze](http://www.sil.org/acpub/repository/The%20S%20Zhuang%20Lgs%20of%20Yunnan's%20Wenshan%20Prefecture%20(28%20April%202008).pdf) ." [Akụkọ ọrụ]. Sl: sn ibe 49.
* Johnson, Eric C. 2011b. " Ntụnyere Lexical na ụda olu nke Central Taic Languages nke Wenshan Prefecture, China: Ịnwetakwu N'ime Nnyocha Okwu Okwu Karịa Percentage Myirịta Lexical. " SIL Electronic Working Papers 2011-005: 170.
Spectrophilia

thumb|502x502px|Onye ọkà ihe ọmụma Stoic nke Gris bụ Athenodorus na-akwụ ụgwọ ụlọ a na-enye egwu
Spectrophilia, nke a makwaara dị ka Phasmophilia, bụ mmasị mmekọahụ na mmụọ ma ọ bụ agụụ mmekọahụ site na ihe oyiyi na enyo, yana ihe ebubo ebubo nke inwe mmekọahụ n'etiti ndị mmụọ na ụmụ mmadụ.

## Nkọwa
Spectrophilia bụ ihe a na-akpọ paraphilia nke onye nwere nsogbu uche.  Ndị na-ahụ gị na ndị na-eche banyere ndị mmụọ na-echekarị banyere mmekọahụ nke onwe ha ma ọ bụ ndị mmụọ ndị ọzọ.  N’otu aka ahụ, abịara m mata ihe omume ndị m mere n’oge gara aga..

## Nnyocha
Akụkọ gbasara mmụọ na-agụnyekarị mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị, bụ nke a na-akọwakarị dị ka enweghị nkwenye ma ọ bụ enweghị ụkpụrụ.[1]  Ọtụtụ akụkọ ifo ọdịnala gụnyere ụfọdụ akụkụ nke ọnwụnwa ma ọ bụ ọnwụnwa.  Akụkọ ndị na-egosi mmụọ nke ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwoke na-anwụkarị, dị ka akụkọ La Llorona nke Latin America.  [2] Na akụkọ ifo Western, Sucubus na Incubus bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị nke a maara dị ka spectrophilia.  Sucubus bụ mmụọ ọjọọ ma ọ bụ mmụọ ọjọọ nke na-eji ụdị nwanyị mmadụ dọta ụmụ nwoke ma wepụ ọbara ọcha.  Onye dị ka succubus bụ incubus.  Incubus bụ mmụọ ọjọọ nke nwere ọdịdị mmadụ.  A na-ekwu nke incubus, nwoke nke succubus, nwoke nke iri ise na-enwe mmekọahụ maka nzube nke inwe mmekọahụ.[3]  Mare bụ ihe atụ ọzọ sitere n'akụkọ ọdịnala ndị Europe.

Akụkọ banyere ọrịa ihi ụra, nke ndị mmadụ na-ahụ ọhụụ na-emetụtakarị ndị mmadụ dị iche iche, jikọtara ọnụ.  Enweela mmụba n'ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nsogbu metụtara mmekọahụ n'oge gara aga, gụnyere arụrụ ọrụ mmekọahụ na nchekasị.[1]  Ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ David Hufford na-ekwu na ihe dị ka 15% nke ndị kwere ekwe enwetala ihe omume dị otú ahụ ọbụlagodi otu ugboro n'oge ndụ ha..

 N'agbanyeghi enweghi ihe omuma sayensi maka ihe omuma nke spectrophilia, oburula isiokwu nke otutu okwu na-egosi na Ghostbusters, tinyere Travel Channel's Ghost Adventures show Ghostly Lovers.  Nzukọ ndị mmadụ na-eme n'Ịntanet bụkwa banyere nkwenkwe nke mmekọahụ nke ndị mmadụ, ọ na-eche na ọ bụghị ihe ọjọọ.

Ọtụtụ akụkọ banyere ịhụnanya dị n'etiti ụmụ mmadụ na ndị mmụọ, ọkachasị ndị ikom na ndị inyom mmụọ, pụtara n'akwụkwọ Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio nke Pu Songling.

## N'akụkọ ifo
Ọtụtụ ihe nkiri ekwuola maka echiche a, n'etiti ha The Entity (1982), Ghostbusters (1984), Star Trek: The Next Generation (Season 7), Ghost (1990), Scary Movie 2 (2001), na Dusk Maiden of Amnesia (2008).

Phantom of the Opera bụ akụkọ nwere ihe ndị dị iche iche.

Ọtụtụ atụmatụ ịgba egwú ịhụnanya na-agụnye ụmụ Nwaanyị na ndị na-agba egwú na-eyi uwe ọcha, dị ka Wilis nke Giselle ma ọ bụ Sylphide na La Sylphide.

N'ihe omume "The Postcard", Hi Five Ghost nwere mkpụrụ obi mmadụ na-anwụ anwụ aha ya bụ Celia. Nke doro anya na ọ bụ spectrophilic
Asụsụ Yitha

**Yitha-Yitha** bụ asụsụ furu efu nke ndịda New South Wales nke ndị Yitha Yitha na-asụ.A mụrụ asụsụ a n'afọ 1980. Yita Yita nwere ọtụtụ okwu monosyllabic, mgbochiume finals na mgbochiume ụyọkọ. Ọtụtụ aha ebe Yita Yita gụnyere okwu tin pụtara ụkwụ, na cabul pụtara ụkwụ.

## Ntụaka

# Yitha Yitha na Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute nke Aboriginal na Torres Strait Islander Studies (hu na info box maka njikọ agbakwere).
# Endangered Languages Project data maka Dadi Dadi.

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Asụsụ Pumi

**Asụsụ Pumi** (a makwaara dị ka **Prinmi** Asụsụ Qiangic nke ndị Pumi, agbụrụ si Yunnan, China, yana ndị Tibet nke Muli na Sichuan, China  .   Ọtụtụ ndị na-asụ obodo bi na Lanping, Ninglang, Lijiang, Weixi na Muli .

Aha njirimara nke Pumi bụ **' na Western Prinmi, **' na Central Prinmi, na **' na Northern Prinmi nwere ụdịdị dị ka **' na **' .  

Na Muli Bonist ndị ụkọchukwu na-agụ ihe odide okpukpe na Tibet, nke kwesịrị ịtụgharị ya na Prinmi. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">**' &#x5B; &#x5D; ịkụziri ụmụaka Pumi ka ha jiri mkpụrụedemede Tibet dee asụsụ ha na Ninglang .  Atụpụtala mkpụrụedemede Rome nke dabere na pinyin, mana anaghị ejikarị ya eme ihe. 

## Olumba
Ọrụ ndị gara aga na-egosi na e nwere alaka abụọ nke Pumi (n'ebe ndịda na ugwu), na ha anaghị aghọta ibe ha. Ding (2014) tụrụ aro otu isi atọ: Western Prinmi (nke a na-ekwu na Lanping ), Central Prinmi (nke a na-asụ na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Ninglang, Lijiang, Yulong na Yongsheng ) na Northern Prinmi (nke a na-asụ na north Ninglang na Sichuan ). 

### Lu (2001)
Olumba Pumi gụnyere ndị a (Lu 2001). 

; Ndịda (ndị ọkà okwu 22,000)

* Qinghua 箐花村, Lanping County, Yunnan
* Ludian鲁甸县, Yunnan
* Xinyingpan 新营盘乡, Ninglang County, Yunnan

; Northern (ndị ọkà okwu 55,000)

* Taoba 桃巴村, Muli County, Sichuan
* Tuoqi 拖七村, Ninglang County, Yunnan
* Zuosuo 左所区, Yanyuan County, Sichuan
* Sanyanlong 三岩龙乡, Jiulong County, Sichuan

### Sim (2017)
Sims (2017)  depụtara olumba Pumi ndị a.

* Northern
** Sanyanlong 三岩龙 [Jiulong County] (B. Huang & Dai 1992) 
** Taoba 桃巴 [Muli County] (Sun 1991) 
** Shuiluo 水洛 [Muli County] (Jacques 2011) 
* Central
** Wadu 瓦都 [Ninglang County] (Daudey 2014) 
** Niuwozi 牛窝子 [Ninglang County] (Ding 2001, wdg) 
* Ndịda
** Dayang [Lanping County] (Matisoff 1997) 
** Qinghua 箐花 [Lanping County] (Sun 1991; B. Huang & Dai 1992)  

Ụda:

## Akwụkwọ
Akwụkwọ ọdịyo edegharịrị, tụgharịa na nkọwapụta n'asụsụ Pumi dị na mkpokọta Pangloss .  Ha metụtara asụsụ ugwu Pumi.

## fonology

## Ọkpụkpụ
Atụpụtala mkpụrụedemede Rome nke dabere na pinyin maka Pumi, mana ka akwalitebeghị ya.

* Okwu monosyllabic
** *f* - ụda ọdịda
** *v* - ụda dị elu
** *ọ dịghị* - ebili ụda
* Okwu polysyllable
** *f* - adịghị agbasa ụda dị elu
** *v* - ịgbasa ụda dị elu gaa na syllable na-esote
** *r* - ụda na-ebili
** *onweghị* – ndabara ala ụda

## Ụtọ asụsụ
Ntụgharị ụtọ asụsụ nke Wadu nke Pumi dị n'ịntanetị .  Ụtọasụsụ nke Central Pumi dịkwa. 

## Ọmụmaatụ
 

## Ntụaka

### Akwụkwọ akụkọ