open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Aïssa Maïga

**Aïssa Maïga** bụ onye France na-eme ihe nkiri, onye nduzi, onye edemede, onye na-emepụta ihe, na onye na-eme ngagharị iwe. Maïga esorowo ndị edemede dịka Michael Haneke, Abderrahmane Sissako nakwa Michel Gondry rụọ ọrụ, na nso nso a, ọ pụtara na Chiwetel Ejioforz.

Maïga bụ onye na-akwado itinye aka ma na-ekwu okwu banyere ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri n'oge niile ọ na-arụ ọrụ. A kpaliri Maïga ikwu okwu ma mepụta DiasporAct mgbe ọ ghọtara na ọ bụ naanị onye na-eme ihe nkiri na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-enweta ụgwọ na onyinye kachasị elu n'agbanyeghị ọtụtụ nkà dị iche iche gbara ya gburugburu.

## Mmalite ndụ
A mụrụ Maïga na Dakar, Senegal nye nna Mali na nne Senegal. Maïga tolitere na Dakar mana ọ ga-aga Mali n'oge ezumike dịka nwatakịrị iji soro nne nne ya, ụmụnne nna ya, ụmụ nwanne nne ya, na ụmụ nwanne nne. Ezinụlọ ya si n'otu obere obodo dị na mpaghara Gaońar nke ọzara Sahara na nna ya bụ onye Songhay.

Ọ kwagara France mgbe ọ dị afọ anọ ka ya na nwanne nne ya na nwanne nna ya biri. E gburu nna ya, Mohamed Maïga n'afọ 1987, ọnwa olenaole tupu e gbuo onye isi ala na Burkina Faso n'ọchịchị.

## Ọrụ
Maïga nwetara ọrụ n'akụkụ Yvan Attal na Denis Amart's Saraka Bô (1996), a nabatara ihe nkiri ya nke ọma ma ọ gara n'ihu na-eme nwa agbọghọ nnupụisi na Michael Haneke's Code Unknown (2000) na ihe nkiri ya Caché (2005). Ọrụ ya na Cédric Klapisch's Russian Dolls (2005) kwadoro ọrụ ya dịka onye na-eme ihe nkiri ama ama na French cinema.

A họpụtara Maïga maka César Award maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma maka ọrụ ya na ihe nkiri Abderrahmane Sissakoz Malian *Bamako* (2006) wee bụrụ onye France mbụ na-eme egwuregwu nke sitere n'Afrịka natara nhọpụta, si otú a ghọọ onye na-ese ihe nkiri ojii na-arụ ọrụ na France. N'otu afọ ahụ, e gosipụtara ihe nkiri a na-akpọ Paris, je tīaime (2006) na Cannes na Maïga bụ nwanyị na-eduzi ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri South Africa bụ Oliver Schmitz duziri. Oliver Schmitz na onye na-emepụta Danny Glover sonyeere Maïga na kapet uhie Cannes.

Bianco e nero (2008) nke Maïga na Favio Volo na-eme bụ ihe nkiri mbụ na-aga nke ọma na nke a ma ama n'Itali iji dozie ịhụnanya agbụrụ. N'afọ 2009, Maïga meriri Best Actress maka Bianco e nero (2008) na Festival du Cinema Italien de Bastia .

## Mgbalị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị
Maïga bụ onye isi na mmeghachi omume ọhụrụ nke ndị oji na ihe nkiri French na nzaghachi maka enweghị nnọchite anya ojii na ihe nkiri France. Ọrụ ole na ole dị na ụlọ ọrụ maka ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ojii na ndị na-ese ihe nkiri na-abụkarị echiche agbụrụ na Maïga na-eji ikpo okwu ya ịma nke a aka ma gbaa mgbanwe ume.

## Ndụ onwe
Vogue na-ekwu na Maïga bụ ụdị ejiji ha na-akpasu iwe ma na-ekwu ete o nwetụbeghị mmechuihu, Maïga na-agbagha ụdị ejiji Paris ma họrọ ọdịdị mara mma ma mara mma.

## Ihe nkiri

## Ihe nkiri

### Ihe nkiri

#### Dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri

#### Dị ka onye nduzi

### Telivishọn

## Edemsibịa

## Njikọ mpụga

* Aïssa Maïga at IMDB 

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Maïmouna Gueye

**Maïmouna Gueye Fall**, bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na France na Senegal. A maara ya nke ọma maka ọrụ ya na ihe nkiri The Climb, Payoff, Cuties, Bacon on the Side .

## Ndụ onwe
Mgbe ọ lụchara nwoke French, ọ gara France n'afọ 1998. Otú ọ dị, mgbe ọnwa olenaole gasịrị, ọ gbara alụkwaghịm mgbe ọ na-eche ihu ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na echiche echiche sitere n'aka di ya. Mgbe ịgba alụkwaghịm gasịrị, ọ kwagara Paris.

## Ọrụ
Gueye malitere ọrụ ime ihe nkiri na egwuregwu ihe nkiri na Sophocles *Antigone* n'okpuru nlekọta nke onye edemede Haiti, Gérard Chenet. N'afọ 2004, ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'egwuregwu ọzọ, nke French nke a ma ama Monologues du vagin nke Eve Ensler. O mechara kwaga na mmepụta ihe nkiri ma mee *ihe* nkiri a ma ama, Souvenirs de la dame en noir na Ọ bụ oji, mana ọ mara mma.

Mgbe ọtụtụ ihe nkiri gasịrị, ọ mechara pụta na sinima na ọrụ izizi ya na ihe nkiri Payoff n'afọ 2003. O mechara bụrụ onye isi na ihe nkiri Touristes? *Oh ee*! nke Jean-Pierre Mocky duziri n'afọ 2004.

Ọ bụ onye guzobere 'Afrokids', klọb ntụrụndụ ụmụaka nke na-enye ihe osise, ịgụ, ịgba egwú, ịkọ akụkọ, na ụlọ ọrụ DIY.

## Ihe nkiri

## Edemsibịa

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Stanley Saitowitz

**Stanley Saitowitz** bụ onye America na-ese ihe. A mụrụ ya na Johannesburg, South Africa, n'afọ 1949.

Ọ natara nzere bachelọ nke Architecture na Mahadum Witwatersrand n'afọ 1974. Ọ natara nzere masta na Architecture na Mahadum California, Berkeley na 1977.

Saitowitz bụ onye bụbụ prọfesọ nke Architecture na Mahadum California, Berkeley, ọ bụkwa Design Principal na Natoma Architects Inc. nke dị na San Francisco, California.

Saitowitz bụ onye a ma ama ma nwee mmetụta na ihe owuwu Bay. A maara ya maka "monochromatic" na "machine-like" architecture. Nhazi ya maka ụlọ nzukọ Beth Sholom (2008) na San Francisco nwetara otuto na onyinye mba ụwa, dị ka High Commendation Award, Religion & Contemplation na 2008 World Architecture Festival 2008. N'otu oge ahụ, ụlọ nzukọ ahụ nwetara nkatọ site n'aka ndị bi n'ógbè ahụ.

## Onyinye

* Ihe nrite Harleston Parker maka ọrụ ya na New England Holocaust Memorial (1997)
* A kpọrọ ụlọ Transvaal ya ihe ncheta mba site na Monuments Council na South Africa (1997)
* Onye ikpeazụ maka Smithsonian Cooper Hewitt National Design Award (2006)
* Tampa Museum of Art, nke Saitowitz mepụtara, meriri American Architecture Award site na Chicago Athenaeum: Museum of Architecture and Design na European Centre for Architecture Art Design and Urban Studies na 2010.

## Ụlọ ndị a ma ama nke Saitowitz rụrụ

* UCR/California Museum of Photography
* Ihe ncheta Holocaust nke New England, Boston, MA
* Tampa Museum of Art, Tampa, FL
* Ụlọ nzukọ Beth Sholom na San Francisco, CA
* Ụlọ nzukọ Beth El, La Jolla, CA
* 8 Octavia, San Francisco, CA
* Yerba Buena Lofts, San Francisco, CA
* Ụlọ akwụkwọ Oxbow, Napa, CA

## Ebensidee

## Ọgụgụ ihe ọzọ

* 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Official website
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Sytze Wierda

**Sytze Wopkes Wierda** (28 Febụwarị 1839 na Hemrik, Netherlands ruo 10 Disemba 1911 na Sea Point, South Africa) bụ onye Dutch na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na injinia nke mere ihe dị mkpa na ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke South African Republic na ngwụcha narị afọ nke 19 na mmalite senchiri nke iri abụọ.

A zụrụ Wierda dị ka ọkwá nkà tupu ọ mụọ gbasara ihe owuwu. N'ala nna ya, o tinyere aka n'iwu ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè na ọrụ ọha na eze ndị ọzọ, yana imepụta ọtụtụ ụka maka Christian Reformed Church, okpukpe Protestant nke ọ bụ onye otu ya. Onye isi ala steeti Paul Kruger kpọtara ya na mba ahụ bụ onye nwere mmasị dị ukwuu n'ọrụ ya ma chọọ iguzobe ụdị ụlọ South Africa nke nwere mgbọrọgwụ Dutch. Ọrụ ya gụnyere ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị na ihe owuwu dị ka post ọfịs, ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii, ụlọ mkpọrọ na àkwà mmiri. Ọtụtụ n'ime ụlọ ya dị na Pretoria ma e wezụga Rissik Street Post Office na Johannesburg. Otu n'ime ọrụ ya a ma ama bụ obi ikpe ziri ezi na Church Square na Pretoria. A na-akpọ obodo South Africa Wierdapark na nsọpụrụ ya.
Law Chambers-001.jpg|Obí Ikpe Ziri Ezi (Pretoria)
Palace of Justice (S Wierda) 1902 Church Square Pretoria 010.jpg|Obí Ikpe Ziri Ezi (Pretoria)
Old Magistrates Office, Church Street, Boksburg 02.JPG|Ọfịs Onye Ọchịchị Ochie (Boksburg)
Wierda Bridge.JPG|Wierda Bridge (Pretoria)


## Ebensidee

## Njikọ mpụga

* Profaịlụ na RKD
Cecily Sash

**Cecily Sash** (1924/1925 -2019) bụ onye na-ese ihe, onye na-emepụta ihe, na onye nkuzi na South Africa. Ọ kụziri nka imepụta ihe na Mahadum nke Witwatersrand ihe karịrị afọ iri abụọ.

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Cecily Sash n'afọ 1924 ma ọ bụ 1925 na Delmas, obere obodo dị na Transvaal, Union of South Africa nye nne na nna Bessie (née Liverman) na Max Sash.

Site n'afọ 1943 ruo 1946, ọ gụrụ nka na Witwatersrand Technical College Art School na Johannesburg, na-amụ ihe n'okpuru Maurice van Essche. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Chelsea Polytechnic (nke bụzi Chelsea College of Arts) na London, n'okpuru Henry Moore; na Camberwell School of Art (nke bụ ugbu a Camberwell College of Art) na Victor Pasmore. N'afọ 1954, Sash nwetara akara ugo mmụta ya na Mahadum Witwatersrand .

## Ọrụ
Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ kụziri obere oge na Jeppe Girls São High School na Johannesburg. N'oge na-adịghị anya ọ malitere ịkụzi na Mahadum nke Witwatersrand, ebe ọ nọgidere ruo n'afọ 1970. N'afọ 1965, e nyere ya onyinye Oppenheimer iji gaa n'ihu na-amụ agụmakwụkwọ nka na Britain na United States. N'afọ 1974, ọ kwagara Britain, ebe ọ biri na Welsh Marches.

Sash bụ onye na-ese ihe, mana o jikwa mosaic na tapestries wee rụọ ọrụ. Ihe osise ya nwere oge dị iche iche nke gụnyere otu nke abstraction, na otu nke gburugburu ebe obibi. Sash sere ọtụtụ mgbidi South Africa nke e nyere iwu, nke gụnyere na ụlọ nchịkwa mpaghara Transvaal na Pretoria; Mahadum nke Witwatersrand; na Transvaal Institute of Architects.

Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị Amadlozi Group guzobere na 1961, nke gụnyere Cecil Skotnes, Edoardo Villa, Guiseppe Cattaneo, na Sydney Kumalo. A na-eji aha ahụ (Zulu: nna nna ochie) mee ihe maka iji mara omenala ihe osise nke Afrịka. N'afọ 1965, a gụnyere Sash na ihe ngosi nke ndị na-ese ihe na South Africa na Grosvenor Gallery na London.

Sash nwụrụ na 2019, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri itoolu na anọ.

## Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ

* 
* 
* 
* 

## Ebensidee
Strijdom van der Merwe

**Strijdom van der Merwe** (amụrụ n'afọ 1961) bụ onye na-ese ihe na South Africa nke na-eji ihe ọ chọtara na saịtị ahụ mepụta ọrụ nka ya. Ihe ndị o ji rụọ gụnyere ájá, mmiri, osisi, nkume na nkume. Site n'ịkpụzi ihe ndị a n'ụdị geometric, ọ na-ejikọta ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọrụ nka na gburugburu ebe obibi, uto na mbibi. Ọrụ Van Der Merwe na-enwekarị 'nwere onwe' n'echiche na ọ nwere ike imeghachi omume na okike, mana n'ime ihe gbasara 'okike nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n'ebe ị nọ, karịa gị na okike'. Saịtị ahụ, na ihe ndị ọ na-enye, ga-ekpughere onwe ha nye gị dị ka onye na-ese ihe ka ị na-aga n'ime ọhịa, ma ọ bụ n'akụkụ osimiri, ma ọ bu na Karoo. Ọ bụ naanị mgbe ahụ ka echiche na usoro ọrụ ga-amalite. Ọ bụ usoro nke iji ihe okike ị na-ahụ na saịtị rụọ ọrụ. Ọ dịghị ihe a na-eme atụmatụ n'ihu ya niile na-eme n'oge na-adịghị anya ka ị na-aga.

Van Der Merwe gụrụ nka na Mahadum Stellenbosch, na South Africa, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ gbasara obibi akwụkwọ na Utrecht na ihe ọkpụkpụ na Prague. Ọ bụkwa onye na-ese ihe oge niile na Kent Institute of Art and Design na Canterbury, England. A na-egosikarị ọrụ Van Der Merwe na gallery na South Africa. O meela ọrụ n'ụwa niile, nke gụnyere Turkey, France, Belgium, Sweden, Japan, Italy na Australia.

E mere ihe ngosi na ọrụ na ịkpọ oku na South Korea, Turkey, Belgium, France, Sweden, Lithuania, Japan, Australia, Germany, England na Italy. O mere ọtụtụ ihe ngosi nke onwe ya na ụlọ ngosi nka dị iche iche n'afọ ndị gara aga ma ọtụtụ ndị na-anakọta ihe na ọha na eze zụtara ọrụ ya. O nyela ihe ọkpụkpụ maka ndị a: Europo Parkos na Lithuania; Art Park na Art Sella, Borgu Falsugano na Ịtali; Floating Land, Brisbane, Australia. N'afọ 2002 ọ bụ onye na-ahụ maka Spier Outdoor Sculpture Biennale mbụ ya na Jan Marais Nature Reserve na Stellenbosch.

E mepụtara ihe ncheta ya nke afọ 2001 Reconciliation na United Nations Memorial Cemetery na Busan, South Korea dị ka akụkụ nke International Sculpture Symposium.

Van Der Merwe bụ onye guzobere South African Land Art Biennale nke mbụ, nke akpọrọ Site_Specific, na-enye ndị na-ese ihe ikpo okwu na ohere itinye aka na nka na ala. Biennale mbụ bụ na Plettenberg Bay na 2011, na biennale nke abụọ n'ọnwa Ọgọst 2013.

Ihe nkiri ọhụrụ gbasara Van Der Merwe nke akpọrọ 'Sculpting This Earth' nke Victor van Aswegen duziri bụ nke a na-emepụta ugbu a, na-eme atụmatụ imecha na Disemba 2021.

## Onyinye

* Onye natara onyinye Jackson Pollock-Krasner Foundation
* Medal of Honor site na South African Academy of Arts and Science.
* A họpụtara ya maka onyinye Daimler Chrysler maka ihe ọkpụkpụ na Public Spaces 2008

## Ebensidee

## Njikọ mpụga

* Official website
* Onye na-ese ihe na Artthrob
* Profaịlụ onye na-ese ihe na greenmuseum.org
* Ndị na-ese ihe na South Africa na Sylt
* O yiri ka ọ gaghị ekwe omume ụdị nka: Strijdom van der Merwes land art in the context of the South African art market, by Jean le Clus-Theron
* Ụlọ ngosi ihe nkiri CIRCA
* Site_Specific

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Johannes Meintjes

**Johannes Petrus Meintjes** (19 Mee 1923 na 7 Julaị 1980) bụ onye na-ese ihe nakwa onye edemede si South Africa.

Meintjes tolitere n'ugbo ezinụlọ ya n'ugwu dị nso na Molteno. 
Ọ biri ma rụọ ọrụ na Cape Town ruo ọtụtụ afọ, kụzie nka, gaa maka ihe ngosi ma merie ọtụtụ onyinye na South Africa nakwa na mba ụwa.
N'afọ 1965, ọ lara ezumike nká na Molteno, ebe o lekwasịrị anya n'ide ya. Ọ gara n'ihu merie ọtụtụ onyinye edemede.

## Ebensidee
Leigh Ashton

**Leigh Ashton** (amụrụ n'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 1956 na Manchester, England) bụ onye na-agụ egwu, onye na-ede egwu, onye pianist, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-edekọ egwu si Johannesburg, South Africa. A mụrụ Ashton na Manchester, England, na 11 Eprel 1956 wee kwaga South Africa mgbe ọ dị afọ atọ.

## Ọrụ
áká_èkpè|thumb|Leigh guzo na ndekọ ya
Ashton bịanyere aka na David Gresham Productions dị ka onye na-agụ egwú na-ede egwu mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na itoolu. E wepụtara egwu mbụ ya "Love Me" na Nọvemba 1975. Ashton sooro ụfọdụ ndị egwu kachasị mma na mba ahụ rụọ ọrụ n'oge ahụ nke gụnyere Trevor Rabin, Julian Laxton na Allan Goldswain. N'afọ sochirinụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na "Colosseum Mighty Music Machine" nke na-aga nke ọma n'akụkụ aha ezinụlọ dị ka Bobby Angel, Bruce Millar, Richard Loring na Sonya Herholdt mana ọ ka nwetara nkwado nke ya. N'afọ 1977, "Tanya", otu n'ime egwu nke ya, ruru nọmba ịrị na abụọ na chaatị SA dabere na ahịa na-asọmpi na ABBA na Leo Sayer. E wepụtara "Tanya" na Pye Records n'ikpeazụ n'afọ ahụ na England na Europe. Usoro akụkọ akwụkwọ akụkọ, vidiyo TV, pin up foto na ajụjụ ọnụ redio sochiri ma wepụta egwu nke atọ ya "Day after Day" abụ ọzọ o dere n'onwe ya.

E mechara nye Ashton nkwekọrịta ndekọ na GRC nke Gallo na akara CBS zuru ụwa ọnụ ma mgbe ya na ụlọ ọrụ abụọ ahụ kwurịtara okwu gbanwere GRC iji soro Hilton Rosenthal rụọ ọrụ onye na-emepụta Juluka n'oge ahụ. Ndị na-akwado ya na ụlọ ọrụ ndekọ nabatara egwu ya nke anọ na nke ise, "That Girl" na "Christmas Song", mana n'ihi nghọtahie dị n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ ndekọ, arụmụka sochiri, ụlọ ọrụ abụọ ahụ hapụrụ egwu ahụ na-enweghị ahịa ma ọ bụ nkwado omume. Tanya, Teenage Lover, Day After Day, That Girl na Auld Lang Syne nọ na YouTube. The Stockley Sisters mechara wepụta otu ụdị nke "That Boy" na 1977.

N'agbata afọ 1978 na afọ 1984, Ashton lekwasịrị anya n'ide egwu ma dee egwu ya kachasị mma n'oge a, nke gụnyere Snowflakes na A Major, Mother, The Park Hobo (nke a na-ewere dị ka nke ya), Give and Take, Nightmare, The Foxtrot, Doubt in My Mind, When You Need a Friend, The Iceman na Keeping It Simple. Keeping It Simple bụkwa aha a tụrụ aro maka abọm ya zuru oke, nke nwere egwu ndị a kpọtụrụ aha na mbụ. Aha ahụ na-emetụta eziokwu ahụ bụ na edere ọtụtụ n'ime abụ ndị a ka a kpọọ ha n'enweghị otu egwu zuru ezu.

Ashton abụwo onye otu SAMRO ruo afọ iri anọ. Ọ dịghị mgbe ọ dabere na egwu ya iji nweta ihe ọ ga-eri ma họrọ ịrụ ọrụ maka ntụrụndụ. Ọ ka na-eme ihe mgbe niile n'ebe dị iche iche gburugburu Johannesburg, South Africa.

## Egwu
"Hụ m n'anya" 1975 "Tanya" 1977 (Rached no 12 on the South African Charts) "Day After Day" 1977 "That Girl" 1978 "Christmas Song" 1978

## Ebensidee

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Leo Theron

**Johannes Stephanus Theron** nke a maara dị ka **Leo Théron** (26 Machị 1926), bụ onye na-ese ihe na windo na-acha odo odo na South Africa nke na-ahụ maka usoro dalles de verre (iji iko na simenti).

## Oge ọ malitere
A mụrụ Theron na Pretoria, nwa nwoke nke atọ nke minista Dutch Reform, Johannes Stephanus Theron na nwunye ya, Helena Marais Rossouw.

## Agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ
Théron gụrụ nka na Mahadum Rhodes na South Africa wee gaa Ecole des Beaux Arts na Académie Julian na Paris. Mgbe ọ laghachiri South Africa, ọ malitere itinye aka n'ịmepụta mosaics na windo enyo maka ụlọ ụka ọhụrụ. N'ikpeazụ, ọ bụrụ ọkachamara na usoro a na-akpọ dalles de verre sous beton, usoro na-eji ugegbe na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na kọnkịrị, mepụtara na France mgbe agha ụwa nke abụọ gasịrị, nke ọ mepụtara dị ka ụdị pụrụ iche n'oge nleta nloghachi na France na 1964, mgbe ọ mụrụ ọrụ Gabriel Loire na Chartres, nke mere ka ọ mara ụzọ ọ ga-esi gaa na mgbasa ozi.

Site na ụlọ ọrụ ya na Pretoria, South Africa, Théron nọrọ afọ iri atọ na ise na-emepụta windo maka ụlọụka otu narị na iri atọ na asaa, ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ, ụlọ obodo, na ụlọ onwe.

N'afọ 1978, South African Academy for Arts and Science nyere ya ihe nrite nke nsọpụrụ.

Nnukwu ihe a rụzuru na usoro dalles de verre bụ ịmepụta mgbidi windo ma ọ bụ mgbidi nke ìhè, nke nwere ike ibi na mgbidi dum na ụlọ ụka ma ọ bụ ụlọ ndị ọzọ, na-eru site na ala ruo n'uko.

Théron ekwuola banyere anwansi nke iko na-acha anụnụ anụnụ dị ka ịmepụta "prism nke anyị na-ahụ ruo mgbe ebighi ebi".

## Ọrụ
N'afọ 2000, e meghere ihe ngosi nke ọrụ Leo Théron, A Life in Glass, na Sant Fruitós de Bages, ihe dị ka kilomita ịrị ịse na ise site na Barcelona, Catalonia. Ọ gụnyere ihe karịrị ihe oyiyi iri ise nke windo enyo nke Théron mepụtara ma mepụta na South Africa, Italy na Spain. Ihe a na-ekwusi ike na ọ bụ nkà liturgical ya, ma ihe atụ ma ihe a na-adịghị ahụ anya. A na-egosi ihe osise ndị e ji ugegbe mee na-egosipụta àgwà na àgwà nke ndị senti na ndị mmadụ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme, na mpempe akwụkwọ nke windo na ndịda Afrịka, yana ọrụ dị mkpa - windo na-egosi Saint Francis - na chọọchị ndị mọnk Franciscan dị nso na Ponticelli na Ịtali.  E gosipụtakwara ihe osise aquarelles nke Sant Fruitós de Bages, nke e sere n'oge ọ gara ebe ahụ na 1996, yana ihe osise ọhụrụ sitere na mkpali nke ọrụ okike ya na iko.

A họọrọ ihe osise Dove of Peace nke Théron dị ka ihe nnọchianya na mkpuchi CD maka The Millennium Song bụ abụ e dere iji kpọsaa mmalite nke puku afọ nke atọ, nke Michael Greenacre wepụtara. E tinyere windo Dove nke Udo n'ụlọ Greenacre na Sant Fruitós de Bages.

A ga-ahụ windo nke Leo Théron na:

* Katidral St Alban, Pretoria
* Katidral St Cyprian, Kimberley (Windo Mmụọ Nsọ; St Francis; St Clare)
* Moederkerk, Stellenbosch
* Chọọchị St Andrew, Newlands
* St George's College, Harare
* Katidral St Mark, George

## Ebensidee
Tidiane Aw

**Tidiane Aw** (a mụrụ n'afọ 1935 na 30 Mee 2009) bụ onye Senegal na-eme ihe nkiri, onye na-ede ihe nkiri, Onye nduzi na onye na-emepụta ihe. O sonyere na ihe nkiri dị iche iche, ma akụkọ ifo na ihe ngosi yana ihe dị mkpirikpi na nke zuru ezu.

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ ya na Kébémer na mpaghara Louga, Senegal, Aw gụrụ akwụkwọ na Institute of Cinematography na Hamburg, Germany, ọ gụsịrị ọzụzụ ihe nkiri ya na Paris na Office for Radio Cooperation (OCORA). N'etiti ndị bu ụzọ na telivishọn Senegalese, n'oge Mamadou Dia, onye bụ onye isi oche nke Kansụl Gọọmentị Senegalees site n'afọ 1957 ruo afọ 1962, Aw rụrụ ọrụ maka telivisheneng agụmakwụkwọ nke ọwa gọọmentị ruo afọ 1972.

Ihe mbụ Aw mepụtara bụ ihe ngosi nkuzi nkeji iri atọ na ise nke akpọrọ, nke na-enyocha omenala ndị Lebou ma wepụta ya n'afọ 1968. Aw jere ozi dịka onye nduzi, onye edemede, onye mmepụta, na onye na-eme ihe nkiri maka ihe nkiri Le Bracelet de bronze (*mkpịsị aka ọla nchara*). Ọ bụkwa ihe nkiri mbụ ya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ.

## Ihe nkiri

* Eziokwu (1968)
* *Maka ndị maara ihe* (1971)
* *Mkpịsị aka ọla nchara* (1973)
* Akwụkwọ *asambodo* (1981)
* *Nlekọta ahụike mbụ* (1983)

## Edemsibịa

## Njikọ mpụga

*
Dieter Aschenborn

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|500x500px|Oryxia n'ihe dị ka 1970, Woodcut 110 x 50 cm
**Dieter Aschenborn** (15 Nọvemba 1915 na Okahandja, Namibia - September 2002 na Windhoek, Namibia) bụ onye Namibia na-ese ihe. Ọ bụ nwa nwoke nke onye na-ese anụmanụ bụ Hans Aschenborn.

## Akụkọ ndụ
Mgbe ọ dị afọ isii, ya na ezinụlọ ya si Namibia (n'oge ahụ South West Africa) kwaga Stellenbosch na South Africa. Obere oge ka nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ gara Kiel, Germany. Dieter Aschenborn mechara laghachi South Africa ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọrụ ugbo. N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, a tụrụ ya mkpọrọ. Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, Aschenborn ghọrọ onye mbụ na-elekọta ogige ntụrụndụ Etosha National Park ruo n'afọ 1952. N'ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ, o mepụtara ihe osise akpụkpọ anụ ya nke mere ka ọ bụrụ onye a ma ama na ndịda Afrịka. Ọ kwagara Windhoek ma nwee ike site ugbu a gaa n'ihu na-ebi ndụ kpamkpam site na nka ya.

A maara Aschenborn karịsịa dị ka onye na-ese anụmanụ nke anụ ọhịa Afrịka. O mekwara onwe ya aha site na eserese na ihe ọkpụkpụ, ọkachasị ihe ndị e ji osisi rụọ, nke ya na mgbidi ya na-achọ ọtụtụ ụlọ ọha na eze na Namibia mma. O mekwara stampụ nke Namibia. Ọ na-ese ihe na akpụkpọ anụ na akpụkpọ ụkwụ.

Nwa Dieter bụ Uli Aschenborn bụkwa onye na-ese ihe.

## Ihe ngosi

### Ihe ngosi o mere naanị ya

* 1966 Bloemfontein (South Africa)

### Ihe ngosi otu

* 1965 "Ọgbọ atọ Aschenborn", Ụlọ Obodo, Windhoek
* 1968 Schloss Kranichstein, Darmstadt, Germany
* 1968 Interfauna "Im Reich der Tiere", Düsseldorf, Germany
* 1983 "Namibian Artists" Mahadum Pretoria, South Africa
* 1992 "Aschenborn asatọ na ọkara", Kendzia Galerie, Windhoek
* 2004 "Aschenborn atọ", Kendzia Galerie, Windhoek

## Ebensidee

* Roos, Nico (1978) Art in South-West Africa; peeji nke 16, 22,60, 137,  
* Aschenborn, Dieter (1989) ''Aschenborn''    
* 

## Ebe e si nweta ya
Leon Botha

**Leon Botha** (ubochí ànó n'ọnwa Juun 1985 rụọ úbọchị isé n'ọnwa Juun 2011) bụ ónyé na-ese ihe na ónyé na-eme egwuregwu diski na South Africa. A maara ya màkà mmekọrịta chiri anya ya na otu hip hop Die Antwoord, yana ịbụ otu n'ime ndị nwere progeria ogologo ógè n'ụwa.

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Botha na Cape Town, South Africa, ma biri ebe ahụ ruo mgbè ọ nwụrụ. A chọpụtara na ọ na-arịa progeria mgbè ọ dị afọ anọ. O nweghị ọzụzụ ọ bụla na nka karịa ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Tygerberg Art Centre, mana ọ ghọrọ ónyé na-ese  ógè niile mgbè ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, na-arụ ọrụ ndị e nyere iwu.

N'afọ 2005, a wara Botha ahụ nkè ọma n'obi iji gbochie nkụchi obi n'ihi atherosclerosis metụtara progeria.

N'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2010, ọ kwadoro ihe ngosi mbụ nke Who Am I? Transgressions, mmekọrịta foto ya na Gordon Clark, na João Ferreira Gallery na Cape Town. Botha kwùrù banyéré ihe ngosi ahụ, "Abụ m ónyé ime mmụọ, otu gị, n'ụzọ bụ isi. Mgbè ahụ abụ m mmadụ na akụkụ a nke mmadụ bụ ahụ, nke nwéré ọnọdụ. "

Botha na-etinye áká na deejaying na turntablism n'okpuru áhà DJ Solarize. E gosipụtara ya na Watkin Tudor Jones, aka Ninja, na vidiyo egwu "Enter the Ninja" site na Die Antwoord .

N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2010, Botha nwèrè ọrịa strok. Botha nwụrụ site na nsogbụ nke progeria na Cape Town otu ụbọchị mgbè ọ gachara afọ iri abụọ na isii.

Botha bụ ihe kpaliri otu ihe nkiri Solarize, nkè Marcin Stańczyk, nkè Andrzej Szpindler dere, nke malitere na Warsaw n'ọnwa Eprel 2014 na Teatr Wielki, Polish National Opera.

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Profaịlụ Leon Botha sitere na africanhiphop.com, na archive.org
* Media related to Leon Botha at Wikimedia Commons
Esmé Frances Hennessy

thumb
**Esmé Frances Hennessy**, née **Franklin** (amụrụ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 1933, Umzinto) bụ onye South African botanist, botanical artist, na ónyé édémédé. Ọ bụ ọkachamara na taxonomic botany. O dere ma gosipụta *Erythrinas nke South Africa*, Durban 1972, Orchids of Africa 1961 na Joyce Stewart, The Slipper *Orchids* 1989 na Tessa Hedge, na ọtụtụ nkọwa na efere na Flowering plants of Africa ya na ọrụ n'ọtụtụ nchịkọta onwé.

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Esmé Franklin na Umzinto n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1933 n'ezinụlọ dọkịta. Ọ gụrụ botany na zoology na Mahadum Natal, Pietermaritzburg, wee nweta PhD na botany na 1983. Franklin lụrụ Lt Commander Brian Hennessy R.N. ma wèré áhà nná ya.

## Ọrụ
Site na 1958 ruo 1960, Hennessy rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ónyé enyemaka nyocha na C.S.I.R. Amoebiasis Research Unit. N'afọ 1961, Hennessy bụ nwanyị mbụ a họpụtara dị ka ónyé nkụzi na Mahadum Durban-Westville . Site na 1973 ọ bụ ónyé nkuzi dị elu na Mahadum nke Durban-Westville, ma site na 1984 ọ bụ osote prọfesọ.

N'afọ 1972, Hennessy bipụtara akwụkwọ South African *Erythrinas* na Durban . O mepụtara ọtụtụ ihe osise na nkọwa màkà Flowering Plants of Africa na American Orchid Society Bulletin; ihe *osise* ma soro dee Orchids of Africa (1981) ya na Joyce Stewart ma gosipụta ma soro dee The Slipper *Orchids* (1989) ya na Tessa Hedge. N'afọ 1991, Hennessy kwetara ịbụ onye nchịkọta sayensị nke *akwụkwọ* Elsa Pooleyás A complete field guide to Trees of Natal, Zululand and Transkei .

N'afọ 2020, Botanical Society nke South Africa nyere Dr. Hennessy Cythna Letty Medal iji sọpụrụ ahụ ya nkè ihe osise botanical bipụtara, nke nyéré aka dị ukwuu n'ịkwalite osisi South Africa.

## Ọrụ ndị a họọrọ (nke e dere na nke e sere)

* Clinical *amoebiasis* nke Alexander Joseph Wilmot (1962)
* *Erythrinas nke South Africa* nke Esmé Franklin Hennessy dere (1972)
* Orchids nke Africa: nyocha ahọpụtara site na Joyce Stewart (1981)
* The slipper *orchids* nke Esmé Franklin Hennessy (1989)
* *N'ime* ngwa ngwa, ihe onwunwe na ọgba aghara site n'aka Esmé Franklin Hennessy (2000)
* *Orchid ndị dị n'ụwa*: nyocha ahọpụtara site na John S Ball (2009)

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Bill Ainslie

**William "Bill" Ainslie (**1934 - 1989) bụ onye na-ese ihe na South Africa, onye nkuzi, onye na-eme ihe, yana onye guzobere ọtụtụ ọrụ nka.

## Oge ọ malitere
A mụrụ Ainslie na 10 Eprel 1934 na Bedford, Eastern Cape, ebe ezinụlọ ya na-akọ ugbo a na-akpọ Spring Groveń. Ezinụlọ ya kwagara Karoo mgbe ọ bụ nwata nwoke, mana o mechara gaa Johannesburg n'ihi ụkọ mmiri ozuzo. Nna ya nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ asatọ.

Ainslie bu n'obi ịghọ onye ụkọchukwu, mana nka weghaara echiche ya mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Natal, Pietermaritzburg site na 1952 na 1955. N'afọ 1958, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ wee nweta akara ugo mmụta ya na Fine Art. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ kụziri na ụlọ Michael, ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na KwaZulu Natal. Ọ kụzikwaara nka na Cyrene Mission na Zimbabwe na King Edward VII School na Johannesburg, alma mater ya 

N'afọ 1960, Bill lụrụ Sophia Jansen-Schottell (nke a maara dị ka Fieka). Ọ nwụrụ n'ihe mberede nke ụgbọ ala n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1989 mgbe ọ na-alọta site na ụlọ ọrụ mba ụwa na Cyrene Mission na Zimbabwe.

## Ọrụ
Ihe osise Ainslie gbanwere site na ihe owuwu ndị Afrịka na-egosi ndị nne na ụmụaka, na ndị ọrụ ugbo gaa na ngosipụta na-enweghị atụ. A maara ya nke ọma maka ojiji ọ na-eji ụcha dị egwu na nke na-egbuke egbuke 

Ihe osise ya nwere njikọ na American abstract expressionism ma n'ihi ya, Ainslie na-akụzi abstraction.

E gosipụtara ọrụ ya na Goodman Gallery, Johannesburg Art Gallery na National Gallery of Zimbabwe.

## Ihe Nketa
Bill Ainslie guzobere Johannesburg Art Foundation n'afọ 1982. Ọ zụrụ ndị na-ese ihe dịka Helen Sebidi, William Kentridge, Dumile Feni na David Koloane. Ụlọ ihe nkiri ahụ bụ òtù na-anaghi achọ uru nke malitere n'ụzọ na-enweghị isi, na-arụ ọrụ site n'ụlọ onye na-ese ihe Cecily Sash tupu Ainslie emechaa, na 1977, zụta ụlọ nke ghọrọ Johannesburg Art Foundation. Ntọala nka nke Ainslie nọgidere na-enwe nkà ihe ọmụma nkuzi nke na-emegide ụdị ịkpa ókè ọ bụla ma mesie ike na agụmakwụkwọ nka kwesịrị ịbụ ohere maka onye ọ bụla.

Johannesburg Art Foundation nyere aka dị ukwuu na nka South Africa na ọkachasị mmepe na-aga n'ihu nke ndị na-ese ihe ojii South Africa.

Ainslie nyere aka n'imalite FUBA (Federated Union of Black Artists), FUNDA (nke pụtara ịmụta na Xhosa) na Alexandra Arts Centre.

N'afọ 1985, afọ nke South African State of Emergency, Ainslie guzobere ebe obibi onye na-ese ihe, Thupelo Workshops, na Cape Town na David Koloane na Kagiso Patrick Mautloa, nke Triangle Network, FUBA, FUNDA na Johannesburg Art Foundation kwadoro.

N'etiti 1964 na 1988 o mere ọtụtụ ihe ngosi ma nata onyinye Art SA Today atọ.

N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1999, e meghere Ụlọ ngosi Bill Ainslie na Johannesburg Art Foundation iji kwekọọ na ncheta afọ iri nke ọnwụ ya. Ntọala ahụ mechiri na 2001 n'ihi enweghị nkwado.

## Ebensidee

Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Louise Guthrie

thumb|Louise Guthrie
**Louise Guthrie** (ubochí irí n'ọnwa Ọktoba, 1879 rụo ụbọchị irí abụọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị, 1966) bụ ónyé South Africa na-amụ banyere ihe ọkụkụ na ónyé na-ese ihe ọkụkụ.

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Isobel Louise Sophie Guthrie na Cape Town, South Africa, na 1879, nwá nwanyị nkè ónyé Bekee a mụrụ na botanist na prọfesọ mgbakọ na mwepụ Francis Guthrie ya na nwunye ya, Isabella Grisbrook. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ụmụ nwanyị nke Rustenburg .

## Ọrụ
Louise Guthrie bụ ónyé enyemaka botanical na Bolus Herbarium, malite na 1918, ruo 1927. Mgbè ọ nọ n'ebe ahụ, ọ zụlitere nkà ya dị ka ónyé na-ese ihe osise botanical, nkè a maara nkè ọma màkà usoro ihe ngosi narị abụọ na iri isii na anọ nke ụdị protea a chọtara na South Africa, nke malitere na 1925, nke ikpeazụ bụ 1947. O nyere ihe nkiri ahụ na Bolus Herbarium na 1948.

A na-eji mbiri nke onye ode akwụkwọ ọkọlọtọ L.Guthrie gosi onye a dị ka odee mgbe ọ na-ehota aha botanical..[3]

## Ndụ onwe onye na ihe nketa
Aha osisi *guthriae* na-asọpụrụ Louise Guthrie.

A na-echekwa nka ya na Mahadum nke Cape Town . Hermanus Botanical Society mèrè ihe ngosi nkè ihe osise irí asaá na isii nke Guthrie na 2000, na Fernkloof Nature Reserve. A na-egosi ụfọdụ n'ime ihe osise mmiri ya na South Africa House na London.

## Edensibia
Walid Tayaa

**Walid Tayaa** (amụrụ na 12 Julaị 1976) bụ onye nduzi ihe nkiri nke Tunisia.

## Ọrụ
Ọ gụrụ sociology wee mechaa malite ime ihe nkiri. O duziri ihe nkiri mkpirikpi ole na ole, tupu o mepụta ihe nkiri mbụ ya Madame Bahja na 2006, nke e gosipụtara na Cannes Film Festival. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ya na onye nduzi ihe nkiri French bụ Ève Deboise sonyere na ọmụmụ ihe ederede ma wepụta ihe nkiri ndị ọzọ dị mkpirikpi. Ihe nkiri ya dị mkpirikpi *El Icha* meriri Grand Prize na Festival du Cinéma Méditerranéen de Tétouan .

Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi *Boulitik* na 2011 gosipụtara oge dị iche iche nke mgbanwe mba Tunisia ma na-ekwu maka ikike LGBT na Tunisia. Ọ bụ otu n'ime mmadụ ole na ole kwadoro ntọala nke otu LGBT Association Shams na 2015 n'ihu ọha.

N'afọ 2013 o mere ihe nkiri banyere onye Tunisia na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị bụ Dorra Bouzid. Fataria na 2017 bụ ihe nkiri mbụ ya.

## Ihe nkiri

* 2006: Madame Bahja
* 2009: El Icha (Na-adị Ndụ)
* 2010: Ena el Issaoui
* 2010: Ihe a ma ama
* 2011: Boulitik
* 2012: Journal d'un citoyen ordinateur
* 2013: Dora Bouzid, onye nta akụkọ Tunisia mbụ, nwanyị na-alụ ọgụ
* 2014: El Kef
* 2015: Café Sidi amara Halfaouine
* 2016: Ntinye ụgbọala
* 2017: Fataria

## Ebensidee


## Njikọ mpụga

* 
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Foundland

thumb|Lauren Alexander na Ghalia Elsrakbi
Foundland bụ otu nka nke ónyé na-ese ihe na Siria bụ Ghalia Elsrakbi na onye na-eme ihe na South Africa, Lauren Alexander guzobere na 2009 na Amsterdam. Ndị omenkà abụọ ahụ họọrọ aha Foundland n'ihi na ọ na-atụ aro iji ihe ndị a chọtara na nka, mànà ọ bụkwa màkà "ịweghachi". Ìgwè ahụ dị na Cairo na Amsterdam.

## Banyéré
A mụrụ Elsrakbi na Damaskọs na 1978 ma biri na Siria ruo n'afọ 2000. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Netherlands ebe ọ gàrà Sandberg Institute na Amsterdam, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 2009. N'ebe a ka ọ zutere ónyé na-ese ihe na South Africa, Lauren Alexander, ha abụọ wee mepụta otu nka, Foundland. N'afọ 2007, ọ laghachiri Damaskọs ma na-eleta ya mgbè niile ruo mgbè "ọ ghọrọ ihe dị ize ndụ". O mechara kwaga Cairo n'afọ 2012.

A mụrụ Alexander na Cape Town n'afọ 1983. O nwèrè nzere bachelọ na eserese eserese site na Mahadum Stellenbosch na Masters na Design site na Sandberg Institute.

N'afọ 2015, a gụnyere Foundland na ndepụta màkà Prix de Rome .

## Ọrụ
Elsrakbi na-eche na ọ dị mkpà ibi na Middle East ka ya na ndị otu nka ya wee nwee ike "ịbụ àkwà mmiri n'etiti ọdịbendị abụọ". Elsrakbi na Foundland malitere ilekwasị ányá na isiokwu ndị metụtara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị Arab mgbè nnupụisi Siria nke afọ 2011 gasịrị. Alexander chere na ya na Elsrakbi nwèrè ụzọ yiri nke ahụ màkà nka na isiokwu, nke bụ ihe jikọtara ha.

Ọrụ Foundland na-eji ihe osise na-ese onyinyo agwakọta na eserese, vidiyo na foto. Elsrakbi na Alexander chọtara mgbasa ozi na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta na akụkọ banyéré Middle East, na-eji ndị a mepụta nchekwa data nke ma nka ányá na ozi. Ha na-eme njikọ dabere na ozi ha chọtara ma "mepụta akụkọ ndị ọzọ na akụkọ mgbasa ozi site na imepụta ihe oyiyi ọhụrụ na nkọwa onwé ònyé".

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị
* Gịnị karịrị onyinyo (vidiyo)
* Nhazi na-enweghị onye ndu (vidiyo)
Syd Brak

**Syd Brak** bụ onye na-ese ihe osise na London. 
A maara ya karịsịa maka ihe ngosi ya nke a kachasị ere a kpọrọ Long Distance Kiss.

## Ọrụ mmalite
N'etiti afọ 1970, Bill Bernbach nyere Syd 'ihe nrite ọla edo' maka imewe na ihe osise na Johannesburg South Africa.  Na ngwụcha afọ 1970, Syd kwagara London.  Ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ihe n'efu. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka ụlọ ọrụ nke gụnyere Coca-Cola https://web.archive.org/web/20211015223840/http://www.sydbrak.co.uk/page4/files/page4-1014-full.html, MSN, na Levi's.

## Long distance kiss
N'afọ 1982, ihe ngosi ya, Long Distance Kiss bụ ihe ngosi nke kachasị ere n'ụwa.  A na-ere ya na ụlọ ahịa na-ere ihe osise nke Athena.

## Usoro

Syd Brak bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe kachasị emetụta n'afọ ndị 1980, na-emeziwanye usoro airbrush nke nyere ya ohere ịmepụta ụfọdụ n'ime ihe oyiyi kachasị mma nke afọ iri ahụ.


## Usoro nsutu ọnụ

"Usoro nsutu ọnụ" nke kpaliri onye na-emepụta Martin Kidman bụ nnukwu ihe ọzọ maka Athena. N'ịbụ nke Syd Brak, onye na-ese ihe sitere na mgbasa ozi, mepụtara ya kpọmkwem iji mee ka ụmụ agbọghọ nọ n'afọ iri na ụma na ụmụ agbọghọ na-eto eto, ndị, Brak na-ekwu, "na-achọ ntozu okè na ọkaibe". Ihe osise ndị dị ka First Kiss, Forget Me Not na Long Distance Kiss niile nwere obere akụkọ nke na-emetụta uche ndị na-eto eto, na-egosi n'ụzọ dị mma na ihe nkiri nke ndị na-eme ihe ike, ịhụnanya furu efu na obi mgbawa. Ụmụ agbọghọ ndị na-ajụ oyi, ndị dị omimi, ihu ha na-acha ọcha, anya ha na-agbaji na onyinyo anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na egbugbere ọnụ ha na-egbuke egbuke, kpaliri ọtụtụ ihe nṅomi na ihe dị ọnụ ala. O yikwara ka ha kpaliri nsọpụrụ nke afọ gara aga na 1980s na The Face nke gosipụtara na mkpuchi ya foto nke izu oke nke airbrush. Otu onye na-ese foto, Sølve Sundsbø, sochiri ya na mkpọsa mgbasa ozi ya na nso nso a maka ụlọ imewe hip Bottega Veneta - nchịkọta ahụ, ihe na-enweghị isi ikwu, nke sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke 1980s style. 


## Ọrụ ọ rụrụ n'oge na-adịbeghị anya
Ihe ngosi eji eme ihe n'oge ochie ya weghaara oge ọhụrụ nke ịhụnanya / punk nke ngwụcha afọ ndị 1979 na mmalite afọ ndị 1980. Ọtụtụ narị puku ereela ha.

Syd mere mkpuchi akwụkwọ maka ndị edemede nke gụnyere John Grisham, Wilbur Smith na Ken Follett.

## Ebensidee

* The Independent Jan 2007
* Otu edemede agụmakwụkwọ na Airbrush Art na Syd Brak: Kassaveti, U.-H. (2019). Realism Retrofuturistic Deco: Ụfọdụ Ihe odide mbido na 1980s Airbrush Art. Ihe osise: Journal of Cross-Cultural Image Studies, 10(2), 89X117. .-H._2019_._Sharp_Sybaritic_Retrofuturistic_Deco_Realism_Some_Preliminary_Notes_on_the_1980s_Airbrush_Art._Imaginations_Journal_of_Cross-Cultural_Image_Studies_10_2_89-117

## Njikọ mpụga

* Foto Syd Brak na ụlọ ọrụ na-ese onyinyo Folio
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Bongiwe Dhlomo-Mautloa

**Bongiwe** ma ọ bụ **Bongi Dhlomo-Mautloa** (amụrụ n'afọ 1956) bụ ónyé na-ebi akwụkwọ na Zulu South Africa, ónyé nchịkwa nka na ónyé na-eme ihe ike.

A mụrụ ya na Vryheid, KwaZulu-Natal, ma gụọ akwụkwọ na St Chad's School na Ladysmith na Inanda Seminary School. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ óbíbí akwụkwọ na Rorke's Drift Art and Craft Centre wee nweta diplọma na nka márá mmá. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na African Art Centre na Durban (1980-1983), mgbè ahụ na Grassroots Gallery n'otu ọbọdọ ahụ, tupu ọ kwaga Johannesburg ebe ọ na-ahụ màkà ihe ngosi na FUBA Gallery na Goodman Gallery.  Ọ bụ ónyé guzobere na onye nhazi ọrụ nke Alexandra Art Centre na Johannesburg. Ọ bụ ónyé nhazi ọrụ mgbasa ozi na mmepe nke 1995 Johannesburg Biennale, nke a kpọrọ *Africus*, ọ bụkwa ónyé nchịkwa nke ihe omume 1997, nke akpọrọ Trade Routes: History and Geography.

O kwuru na nnupụisi Soweto nke 1976, mgbè ọ dị afọ iri abụo, mèrè ka ọ bụrụ ónyé ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, a kọwakwara ihe odide ya dị ka "ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mgbè niile, na-edekọ ihe omume akụkọ ihe méré eme dị ka nnupụụisi Soyton nke 1976 yana ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-enweghị isi dịka ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ". Ọrụ ya apụtala na magazin Staffrider .

Ọ lụrụ ónyé na-ese ihe nkírí bụ Kagiso Mautloa.

## Edensibia

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* 
* 

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Roy Blumenthal

**Roy Blumenthal** (amụrụ ya n'afọ 1968 na Johannesburg, South Africa) bụ ode abụ kemgbe mmalite afọ 1990. 

Ọ bụ onye guzobere ebe mbipụta bu Barefoot Press, nke malitere ibipụta akwụkwọ mpịakọta n'efu. E bipụtara mbipụta ise, na mbipụta nke puku iri abụo nke ọ bụla.

## Ọrụ
Roy Blumenthal so Graeme Friedman, A Writer in Stone, dezie ụtụ nye *onye edemede* South Africa, Lionel Abrahams.

Blumenthal bụkwa onye na-ede ihe nkiri, onye na-edekọ akwụkwọ akụkọ, onye n'eme ihe nkiri, na onye na-ese ihe nkiri.

Onye bụ onye onyinye otu oge na MoneywebLIFE, Blumenthal bụ onye na-akọwa mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na onye na-ahụ maka ọdịbendị nke na-eji ngwakọta nke anya, ederede, na ndị na-agbakọta iji mee nkwupụta siri ike na nke siri doro anya banyere ọnọdụ akụ na ụba nke South Africa.

Blumenthal na-ebi ndụ ya dị ka onye na-ahụ anya (aka, sketchnoter, ma ọ bụ onye na-ewe ihe osise), na-agbanwe ihe ọ na-anụ na nzukọ, ọrụ, na ụlọ ọrụ ka ọ bụrụ foto.

## Ebensidee

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Mary Maud Page

thumb|<center>''Malephora lutea''</center>
**Mary Maud Page** (ubochí irí abụọ n'otu n'ọnwa Septemba 1867 London rụo ụbọchị asatọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị 1925 Cape Town) bụ ónyé na-ese ihe osise botanical nke South Africa. Ọ bụ nwa nwanyị nke Nathaniel Page, ónyé bụbu onyé isi obodo Croydon.

Ọ gụrụ ihe osise, mànà n'ihi na ányá na-adịghị mma, ọ gbanwere na nkuzi na ịkpụ osisi na ọla na enamels, wee bụrụ ọkachamara na ịkpụ ihe, ịkpa ákwà na ime lace. Ọ mụkwara Braille iji nyéré enyi ya kpuru ìsì aka. Mgbè nnà ya nwụrụ ma chee ọrịa ya ihu, ọ hapụrụ South Africa na July 1911. Ọ biri na Dealesville na Orange Free State na mbụ, mana n'oge na-adịghị ányá ọ kwagara Bloemfontein na 1912. Site n'ebe ahụ, ọ gàrà Palapye na Pretoria, wee gaa Rhodesia na Basutoland, laghachi na mbà nke ikpeazụ ọtụtụ ugboro. Ọ bụ n'ebe ahụ ka a mụrụ mmasị ya na botany, malite nchịkọta nke ụdị osisi ma nyéré enyi ya, Mrs Beaumont, aka ịmepụta herbarium màkà ụmụ Morija. Mgbe ọ na-eleta Cape Town na Jenụwarị 1915 ọ gosiri Louisa Bolus ihe osise okooko osisi ụfọdụ, ónyé àgwà ha masịrị ya, ma mee ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na Bolus Herbarium, mmekọrịta nke dịgidere ruo ọnwụ ya.

Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe osise ya na-ekwu maka Aizoaceae, mana o gosikwara Iridaceae na orchid. Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe osise ya pụtara na Flowering Plants of Africa ma jiri ya mee ihe n'akwụkwọ Hans Herre. Royal Horticultural Society bipụtara akwụkwọ ntuziaka banyéré ahịhịa nri nke o dèrè. A na-echeta ya na ụdị osisi Pagella Schönland (1921), kamakwa na *Conophytum pageae*, *Nemesia pageae،* *Crassula pageae*), Erica *pageana*, ụdị mbụ *Psilocaulon pageae* (nke bụzi P. dinteri), *Carpobrotus pageae* ("nke bụzi C. mellei), na Erepsia pageae "nke bụzi E. patula), yana ikekwe maka Amphitititita paghaleeae na *Muraltia pageae*.

## Edensibia
Nina Barnett

**Nina Barnett** (amụrụ n'afọ 1983) bụ onye na-ese ihe na South Africa nke bi ma na-arụ ọrụ na New York City ugbu a. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.

Ọrụ ya na-emetụta nyocha nke oghere obodo na akụkọ n'ụdị ihe nkiri na-akwụsị akwụsị, ntinye vidiyo, ntinye ụda na ntinye aka mere na obodo ukwu. Omume Barnett na-ekwu maka mgbanwe, na nyocha, ma n'elu ma n'ala.  Nnyocha ya gara aga na-emetụtakwa akụkụ nke oghere, igwu ala, na omimi site na eserese, vidiyo, na ihe ọkpụkpụ. Ọ biela ma rụọ ọrụ na Johannesburg, Paris, na New York, na ahụmịhe ndị a na-enwe mmetụta na-aga n'ihu na ọrụ nka ya. Ọ na-esokarị Robyn Nesbitt.

## Ebensidee

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Liza Essers

**Liza Essers** bụ ónyé nwé nà ónyé nduzi nkè Goodman Gallery nà South Africa, nkè e guzobere nà 1966.

## Ọrụ
Mgbè ọ natachara Bachelor of Commerce in Economics, Esers rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ónyé ndụmọdụ atụmatụ màkà ụlọ ọrụ ọrụ ọkachamara zuru ụwa ọnụ Accenture nakwa dị ka nà private equity ebe o tolitere na ngalaba azụmahịa na ego nke South Africa.

Tupu ọ zụta Goodman Gallery na 2008, Essers bụ ónyé ndụmọdụ nka onwé ya na onye nlekọta ọkachamara na echiche, mmepe na mmepụta nke nka anya na ọrụ ihe nkiri. Ọ bụkwa onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri South Africa,  (2005), ihe nkiri Africa mbụ meriri Academy Award (Best Foreign Language Picture, 2006). O mepụtara ihe nkiri ihe nkiri ya na Catherine Meyburgh nke akpọrọ *Kentridge na Dumas na* Conversation nke na-ekwu màkà akụkọ ndụ nke ndị na-ese ihe n'oge a William Kentridge na Marlene Dumas.

## Ụlọ ngosi Goodman
Na mbido afọ irí àtó, Essers rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ónyé na-ahụ màkà ihe nkiri na ónyé na-emepụta ihe nkiri. Mmasị ya n'ime ihe nkiri ihe nkiri sitere na ịdị nso ya na nka nke oge a. Mmasị ya màkà nka nke ógè a sitere na ikike ya ime mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. N'ajụjụ ọnụ, Essers kwuru na ahụmịhe ya bụ ihe kpaliri ọchịchọ ya "ịrụ ọrụ n'ụwa nka nke ógè a na ndị na-ese ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke nwere ike ịmanye mgbanwe n'echiche. "

Essen weghaara Goodman Gallery na 2008. Kemgbe ọ nwetara gallery ahụ, Essers gbanwere site na igosi ndị na-ese ihe na South Africa gaa na-arụ ọrụ na ndị na-emepụta ihe nkiri si na kọntinent ndị ọzọ, na-eweta ndị na-emepụta mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ ya bụ "ịnakwere akụkọ ihe méré eme na akụkọ South Africa na akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke kọntinent na ụwa".

N'okpuru nduzi ya, ndị omenkà ọhụrụ iri abụọ na isii, mà ndị guzosiri ike mà ndị na-apụta, sitere n'akụkụ dị íchè íchè nke Africa na karịa sonyeere Goodman Gallery. Ndị a gụnyere Ghada Amer, Candice Breitz, Kudzanai Chiurai, Mounir Fatmi, Alfredo Jaar, Liza Lou, Hank Willis Thomas, Adam Broomberg & Oliver Chanarin. Ihe mgbakwunye kachasị ọhụrụ na ụlọ nkwakọba ihe bụ Shirin Neshat, Kiluanji Kia Henda na ndị na-emepụta mgbanwe na South Africa The Brother Moves On.

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Marco Cianfanelli

**Marco Cianfanelli** (amụrụ n'abalị iri atọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 1970) bụ onye na-ese ihe na South Africa nke na-etinye aka n'ọtụtụ ọrụ metụtara nka, ihe owuwu na oghere ọha. Cianfanelli jikọtara ngwa ndị kọmputa mepụtara, nke data na-eduzi na mmadụ, na-egosipụta, mmegharị aka iji mepụta esemokwu n'ọrụ ya.  Cianfanelli bụ otu n'ime ndị omenkà South Africa ole na ole nke ọrụ ha na-aga nke ọma n'ihu ọha na n'ụlọ. Ọ malitere ọrụ ya na-ese ihe osise ala ma na-aga n'ihu na-echegbu onwe ya banyere oghere mmekọ ịhụnanya na nke a na-ewepụ site na omume nke mmekọ ịhụnanya. Ọrụ ndị na-adịbeghị anya nke Cianfanelli na-arụ n'oge na-adịgide adịgide na-ejikọta ya na mgbagwoju anya nke ịhụ South Africa n'anya.

Otu n'ime ọrụ ndị a ma ama nke Cianfanelli bụ ihe ngosi nke isi Nelson Mandela nke dị na ebe e jidere Mandela na Howick, South Africa.
thumb|Ihe osise nke Nelson Mandela na Apartheid Museum nke Marco Cianfanelli

## Ọrụ

### Agụmakwụkwọ
N'afọ 1992, Cianfanelli natara BA / FA (ihe osise) ya na Mahadum nke Witwatersrand .

### Ihe ngosi

* 2012 Mahadum Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
* 2011 Nke mbụ Kwa Afọ International Land Art Event/ Plettenberg Bay
* 2009 Absent Fields, Goodman Gallery, Johannesburg, South Africa
* 2009 Ihe osise nke oge a na ala / Nirox Foundation; Johannesburg
* 2008 Nkwurịta okwu, UNISA Art Gallery, Tswane
* 2008 Akara mmepụta, Grahamstown Festival, KZNSA Gallery, The Goethe Institute
* 2008 Heptad, The Art Space, Johannesburg
* 2007 Spier Contemporary, Stellenbosch, Cape Town
* 2007 Positive, Sun City
* 2007 Aardklop 10, Potchefstroom
* 2006 Mmepe atụmatụ: nloghachi ịmalite, onye na-ese ihe na Aardklop Festival, Potchefstroom
* 2005 Mmepe atụmatụ, Gallery Momo, Johannesburg
* 2004 Brett Kebble Art Awards, Cape Town
* 2003 ABSA Gallery, Johannesburg
* 2002 Otu oge ha bụ ndị na-ese ihe, KKNK, Oudtshoorn.
* 2001 Anyị hụrụ ndị ahịa anyị n'anya, Embassy Hungary, New York
* 2000 Nchịkọta njem nke obodo dị n'ime obodo Rembrandt van Rijn Gallery, Johannesburg
* 2000 Hoerikwaggo, South African National Gallery, Cape Town
* 2000 SASOL Ntinye aka ọhụrụ a tụgharịrị, Klein Karoo National Arts Festival, Oudtshoorn
* 2000 Emotions and Relations, Sandton civic Art Gallery, Johannesburg
* 1999 Channel, Association for Visual Arts, Cape Town
* 2002 Ngosipụta jikọrọ aka na Stephanus Rademeyer, The Art Space, Johannesburg
* 1998 Atlantis, Mark Coetzee Fine Art Cabinet, Cape Town
* 1998! Ebe a kapịrị ọnụ, Nieu-Bethesda, Eastern Cape
* 1997 Taking Stock, Co-curated na ngosi, Johannesburg Stock Exchange, Johannesburg
* 1997 Cyst: Ọrụ na Paint, Good Hope Gallery, The Castle, Cape Town
* 1997 Nke 4, Hillbrow Fort, Johannesburg
* 1996 Ihe ndekọ, Art Space, Newtown Cultural Precinct, Johannesburg

### Nchịkọta

* SASOL
* ABSA
* Ihe mere n'eziokwu
* Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie Bloemfontein

## Ebensidee

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Mary Elizabeth Connell

thumb|
**Mary Elizabeth Connell** (ubochí irí abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Machị 1917, York rụo ọnwa Julaị 1997) bụ ónyé na-ese ihe osise botanical nkè South Africa.

Ọbụna n'oge ọ dị obéré, Connell gosipụtara nkà nka pụrụ iche na agụmakwụkwọ mbụ ya bụ na York College for Girls (nke mechiri na 1997). O zigara ọrụ ya na Royal College of Art maka ule Masters ha ma nye ya nsọpụrụ na 1932 màkà Drawing sí Nature Forms na 1933 màkà Pictorial Representation.

N'afọ 1933, ezinụlọ ya kwagara South Africa. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Barnato Park High School na Berea, wee banye na Johannesburg School of Art . Otú ọ dị, n'afọ 1936, é bịdọrọ inweta ọkwa ónyé na-ese ihe na National Herbarium na Pretoria ma kwado nhọpụta ya.

Ọrụ mbụ ya bụ imepụta nnukwu efere na-egosi osisi ndị na-egbu egbu na ndị na-emerụ ahụ màkà mbipụta na 'Farming in South Africa', ma mesịa bipụta ya dị ka Henderson na Anderson's 'Common Weeds in South Africa' (Botanical Survey Memoir nọmba irí atọ na asaá nke 1966). A kpọọrọ ya n'okpuru nku nke Cythna Letty, nnukwu nwanyị nke ndị na-ese ihe ọkụkụ na South Africa, wee malite imepụta efere màkà akwụkwọ akụkọ botanical 'Flowering Plants of Africa'. N'ozuzu, o mepụtara efere otu narị na iri abụọ na otu màkà ọrụ ahụ.

Na mgbakwunye, o nyèrè aka na ihe osise màkà White, Dyer & Sloane's 'The Succulent Euphorbieae' (1941), Meredith's ' The Grasses and Pastures of South Africa' (1955) na 'Flora of Southern Africa'. Mgbè ọ mepụtara ma zụlite ezinụlọ, ọ laghachiri na National Herbarium n'etiti afọ 1958 na 1960, wee mepụta ihe osise iri asatọ na àtó nke ahịhịa maka 'Onye ahịhịhịa na South Africa' (1966), nsụgharị ọhụrụ nke Phillips es 'Onye Ahịhịa nke South Africa' (afọ 1939), mbipụta nke o nyekwara aka na ya.

## Ndụ onwe onye
Ọ lụrụ Niko Stutterheim (1915-2005), ónyé injinia kemịkal na ónyé nduzi ụlọ ọrụ, nwa Nicolaas Anton Stutterheim na Elizabeth Catherina van Nouhuijs, na Febụwarị 1942.

Ụmụ ha bụ Jan Anton, Catherine Mary, Konrad, Adrian Henk, na Philip Oswald.

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Plate botanical na plantillustrations.org
James Cope Christie

**James Alfred Cope-Christie** bụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na mmalite Johannesburg na Rhodesia. A mụrụ ya na mba England. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na London wee bịa Cape n'afọ 1894. Cope-Christie gwara Charles Freeman na Cape mana o nyere onyinye dị mkpa na Rand na Rhodesia.

N'afọ 1904, onye na-ahụ maka ego na Johannesburg bụ Sir Charles Llewellyn Andersson debanyere aha ọrụ nke Sir Herbert Baker iji chepụta ụlọ ya na Parktown. Llewellyn Andersson jụrụ atụmatụ Baker ma na 1906 e wuru ụlọ ya pụrụ iche dịka atụmatụ Cope-Christie si dị. Ụlọ ahụ, Dolobran dị n'ụdị eclectic ma ọ ka nọ n'ezinụlọ ahụ, ugbu a ebe nwa nwa Sir Charles. Onyinye ndị ọzọ Cope Christie nyere na Johannesburg gụnyere ụlọ dị na Yeoville na ụlọ dị na Waverley.

## Ebensidee

* http://www.artefacts.co.za/main/Buildings/archframes.php?archid=297

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