Robert N. Butler

**Robert Neil Butler** (January 21, 1927 - July 4, 2010) bụ onye dọkịta America, onye na-ahụ maka ọrịa uche, na onye edemede, onye bụ onye nduzi mbụ nke National Institute on Aging. A maara Butler maka ọrụ ya na mkpa mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ikike nke ndị agadi na maka nyocha ya gbasara ịka nká na dementias.

## Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga
Ebe ọ bụ na ya na nne na nna ya toro na Vineland, New Jersey,   Butler wụrụ akpata oyi n'ahụ n'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị nkuzi ya nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụike na-eleghara ndị agadi anya na ọrịa ha, àgwà ọ mechara kọwaa dị ka "ageism". 

Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Columbia College nke Mahadum Columbia, ebe ọ bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke Columbia Daily Spectator na onye Òtù Philolexian Society . 

## Ọrụ
Butler bụ onye ndu isi n’otu n’ime nchọpụta mbụ zuru oke banyere ndụ na ịka nká nke ndị agadi bi n’obodo ahụike. Nnyocha a, nke e mere n’ụlọ ọrụ National Institute of Mental Health n’agbata afọ 1955 na 1966, dugara n’ịpụta akwụkwọ ya “Human Aging.”  Ọrụ nchọpụta Butler gosipụtara nke ọma na ịka nká abụghị ọrịa ma ọ bụ ihe a pụrụ izere, kama ọ bụ usoro eke nke ndụ mmadụ.

N'afọ 1969, o chepụtara okwu ahụ bụ ageism iji kọwaa ịkpa ókè megide ndị agadi; okwu ahụ sitere na ịkpa ókè nwoke na nwanyị na Ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. Butler kọwara "ageism" dị ka njikọta nke ihe atọ jikọtara ọnụ. Otu n'ime ha bụ ajọ mbunobi megide ndị agadi, agadi, na usoro ịka nká; omume ịkpa ókè megide ndị agadi; na omume na ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọrụ na-eme ka echiche banyere ndị agadi.

N'afọ 1975, ọ ghọrọ onye guzobere onye nduzi  nke National Institute on Aging (NIA) nke National Institutes of Health, ebe ọ nọgidere ruo n'afọ 1982. Na National Institute on Aging, o guzobere Ọrịa Alzheimer dị ka ihe nchọpụta mba. 

N'afọ 1982, o guzobere Ngalaba nke Geriatrics na Adult Development na Mount Sinai Medical Center, ngalaba mbụ nke geriatrics na ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụike United States. Na mgbakwunye, Butler nyere aka chọta Alzheimer's Disease Association, American Association of Geriatric Psychiatry, American Federation for Aging Research na Alliance for Aging research . 

Butler bụ onye guzobere, onye isi nchịkwa, na onye isi oche nke International Longevity Center-USA,  otu mba ụwa na-enweghị uru nke e guzobere iji kụziere ndị mmadụ otu esi ebi ndụ ogologo oge na nke ka mma.  International Longevity Center-USA dị ugbu a na Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, ụlọ ọrụ mahadum zuru oke nke Mahadum Columbia nke dị na Mailman School of Public Health 

## Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara
A maara Butler nke ọma maka akwụkwọ 1975 ya Why Survive? Ịbụ ochie na America, nke meriri Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction na 1976.[1] Mpempe akwụkwọ 2003 dị ugbu a ( ISBN 0-8018-7425-4)

### Akwụkwọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya

* Ịka nká na ahụike uche: Ezi uche Psychosocial na Biomedical Ụzọ (ya na Myrna I. Lewis na Trey Sunderland, 1998) ( )
* Ndụ na America Ochie (2001) 
* The New ịhụnanya na mmekọahụ mgbe 60 (Myra I.Lewis,2002(ISBN  

## Onyinye
Butler bụ onye natara 10th Annual Heinz Award na Human Condition category. Ihe nrite ahụ kwetara ọrụ ya n'ịkwalite ikike na mkpa nke ụmụ amaala na-eme agadi na ịkwalite ndụ maka ndị agadi America.

Ọ natara nzere nsọpụrụ site na Mahadum Gothenburg na Sweden na Mahadim Southern California yana onyinye ndị ọzọ dị ka Lienhard Medal nke Institute of Medicine na Hall of Fame Award site na American Society of Aging . 

A na-egosi Butler na ihe nkiri ihe nkiri nke afọ 2009, I Remember Better When I Paint,  nke na-enyocha mmetụta dị mma nke nka na ndị nwere Ọrịa Alzheimer na otu ụzọ ndị a nwere ike isi gbanwee ụzọ ọha mmadụ si ele ọrịa ahụ anya. 

## Edensibe

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ajụjụ ọnụ na Dr. Robert Butler na Baby Boomers na Creative Aging
* International Longevity Center-USA
* "Nkwurịta okwu Ikpeazụ na Dr. Robert Butler, nke JOSHUA TAPPER, The New York Times, July 7, 2010
* Obituary, "Dọkịta nke rụrụ ọrụ iji gbanwee echiche nke ịka nká na ịka nkụ", The Guardian, July 18, 2010
* Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center
Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations