Joseph Yoakum

Joseph Elmer Yoakum (c. Febụwarị 22, 1891 – Disemba 25, 1972) [1] bụ onye America na-ese ihe n’onwe ya kuziri.  [2] [3] Ọ bụ onye Africa-American na onye amaala America, amaara ya maka ihe osise odida obodo ya na ụdị nka nke ngosi .  [4] Ọ dị afọ 76 mgbe ọ ahụmahụ idekọ ihe nke ya n'ụdị ihu igwe wee jide ihe ọrụ 2,000 n'ime afọ iri ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya.

## Ndụ mbido
Ozi ndụ Joseph Elmer Yoakum siri ike ike mana o iwu na ya bụ onye Africa, French na Cherokee.  Onye nkatọ New York Times Will Heinrich gosiri ndị ndụ ya "dị arịa ... Edeghị ya nke ọma, onye na-ese ihe n'onwe ya foto onye na-akọ ndị a luggara na ya."  [1] E nyewokwa ụbọchị ọkụ dị ka 1886, 1888, na 1891, na mmemme Veteran ya kwuru na enyi ya na Springfield, Missouri.  [2] Joe Yoakum dị afọ 9 na ngụkọ 1900 US na Greene County, Missouri, ihe dị ka Black ebe ebe nna ya depụtara dị ka mpaghara India.  [3] Edepụtara nna ya John Yoakum na ngụkọ 1880 dị ka Black na ebe nchegbu ya dị ka Cherokee Nation.

A mindi Yoakum na Ash Grove, Missouri, mana kọrọ akụkọ nke mmalite na Arizona, na 1888, dị ka onye Navajo India na ndoputa Window Rock Navajo.  [1] [2] N'ịbụ onye na-anya isi n'ihe nketa ala nna ya na-ekwubiga okwu ókè, Yoakum ga-akpọ "Navajo" dị ka "Na-va-JOE" (dị ka ọ dị na "  Joseph").  Ọ Time n'oge nwata ya n'ugbo Missouri. 

Yoakum ụlọ ụlọ mgbe ọ dị afụ safar na Great Wallace Circus .  Dị ka akwụkwọ mmado paying, o sokwa Buffalo Bill 's Wild West Show na Ringling Brothers gafekwara US, n'ime egwuregwu egwuregwu ise dị iche iche.  O mechakwara gaa Yurop dị ka onye na-agba ọsọ.

Na 1908, ọ la ihie na Missouri wee pịa ya na enyi ya achọ Myrtle Julian, onye na ya nwere nwa nwoke mbụ na 1909;  Di na ngosi ngosi na 1910. [1] N'ihe dị ka 1916, ọ bụ ọrụ n'ebe a na-egwupụta coal, Hale Coal na Mining iji kwado ya.  [1] Edebere Yoakum n'ime ndị agha United States na 1918 wee bụrụ ọrụ na 805th Pioneer Infantry na-arụzi okporo ụzọ na okporo ụzọ ụgbọ oloko.  [1] Mgbe ahụ agha ahụ, ọ gara gburugburu United States, na-arụ ọrụ ndị na-adịghị mma, ma ọghị aghọta ihe ya.  O mechara lụọ ndị ọzọ ma kwa Chicago.  Na 1946, Yoakum etinyere ya n' ọgwụ mgbaka n'ebe ahụ.  N'oge na-adịghị anya ọ በቀላሉ na site na nwa 1950 ọ na-ese ihe mgbe niile.

## Ọrụ nka
thumb|260x260px| Otu n'ime ihe osise Yoakum
Yoakum bikwa ụzọ na ụzọ na Chicago na 1962. Tom Brand, onye nwe Galaxy Press nke dị n'ụdị ndị Chicago, na 1968 nwere ike isi ọ ga-ebuga na ụlọ ngwaọrụ a na-akpọ "The Whole".  Mgbe ọ nọ n'ebe ahụ, ọ nọ ihe osise pensụl na-acha odo odo nke Yoakum ma were ha ike.  Brand nwere akaụntụ na Ed Sherbyn Gallery nke dị n'ụdị ugwu Chicago, ma ọ mere Sherbyn ka ọ igodo ọrụ Yoakum na ike bipụta akwụkwọ mmado nke ya maka ihe ngosi a.  Norman Mark nke Chicago Daily News dere otu gbasara gbasara Yoakum ihu "Ihe osise m bụ m ike nke ike";  E eserese a n'azụ akwụkwọ mmado.  Brand gwara ndị enyi ya na-ese ihe (gụnyere Whitney Halstead ) gbasara Yoakum ma gbaa ha ume ileta ụlọ ọrụ "The Whole".  Halstead, onye na-ese ihe na onye nkuzi na akwụkwọ edemede nke Art Institute of Chicago, ozi onye na-ibu ọrụ Yoakum n'oge ndụ ya.  O see na nke ya bụ "ihe izi ezi eziokwu ... na emetụta ifo, ndụ Yoakum dịka ọ gaara achọ ibi ndụ ya.  

Na 1967, Yoakum bụ obodo ndị na-eme ihe nkiri site n'aka John Hopgood, onye nkuzi na Chicago State College, bụ onye ọrụ Yoakum ka ọ kwụgidere na windo studio ya wee bụrụ onye foto iri abụọ na abụọ.  Otu ụmụ akwụkwọ Roger Brown, Gladys Nilsson, Jim Nutt, na Barbara Rossi, na ndị akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ nke Art Institute of Chicago, ray Yoshida na Whitney Halstead, nwere ngwaọrụ n'ịkwalite ọrụ ya.  Na 1972, otu otu ọnwa tupu ya, e nyere Yoakum ihe ngosi otu nwoke na Whitney Museum na New York City.

Ọ malitere ịbịaru ebe ndị a maara nke ọma, dị ka *Green Valley Ashville Kentucky*, dị ka usoro iji jide ihe ncheta ya. Agbanyeghị, ọ tụgharịrị gaa n'ọdịdị mbara ala echiche n'ebe ọ na-agatụbeghị, dị ka *Mt Cloubelle nke West India* ma ọ bụ *ugwu Mowbullan na Dividing Range nso Brisbane Australia* . N'iji mkpịsị bọọlụ na-esepụta nkọwapụta, ọ na-adịkarịghị emezigharị, ọ na-eji agba mmiri na pastel agba eserese ya n'ime ahịrị. Ọ bịara mara ya maka ụdị organic ya, na-eji ahịrị abụọ mgbe niile na-akọwa oke ala.

N'ime ọnwa anọ ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya, ọrụ Yoakum bụ ojiji nke abstraction dị ọcha, dị ka n'ihe atụ ya Flooding of Sock River through Ash Grove Mo [Missouri] on July 4, 1914 in that [waters] drove many persons from Homes I were with the Groupe leiving Ụlọ [  . Ihe osise ahụ bụ otu n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ ndụ ya.

Na 2018–19 ọrụ Yoakum ngosi na ngosi Outliers na American Vanguard Art na National Gallery of Art, High Museum of Art, na Los Angeles County Museum of Art.  [1] Na 2021, Museum of Modern Art nke ihe ụmụaka 100 ọrụ na ihe ngosi nke Joseph E. Yoakum: Ihe mpụta.  [2] Ọ bụ Art Institute of Chicago haziri ya, Museum of Modern Art, na Menil Drawing Institute, nke bụ nke mkpokọta Menil.  [3] A na-amị anya ọrụ ya na National Gallery of Art, n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ. 

## Ntụaka
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## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

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## Njikọ mpụga

* Works by or about Joseph Yoakum at Internet Archive
* Atkins, Jacqueline M., "Joseph E. Yoakum: Visionary Traveler" *The Clarion*, Winter 1989/1990
* Carnegie Museum of Art