Mona Khalil

**Mona al-Khalil** (amụrụ n'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1949 na Lagos, Naịjirịa)A maara ya nke ọma dịka Mona Khalil (Arabic: منى خليل) ma mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ ya Mona el-Khalil, bụ onye na-ahụ maka nchekwa na gburugburu ebe obibi na ndịda Lebanon, onye bụ ọkachamara n'ichebe mbe mmiri ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ.

## Ndụ

### Ndụ mbụ na Naijiria na Lebanọn
A mụrụ Khalil ma nọrọ n'afọ ndị ọ bụ nwata n'obodo Lagos nke Naijiria, mgbe mba West Africa ka bụ ógbè na onye nchebe nke Alaeze Ukwu Britain na-achị. Nne na nna ya bụ ndị Lebanọn bi na mba ọzọ na ndị Shia Muslim sitere na Jabal Amil .  Ọtụtụ ezinụlọ si n'ógbè ahụ agbanahụla ịda ogbenye nke ukwuu nke ndị ọchịchị Ottoman mere megide ndị Alakụba Twelver Shia n'etiti ngwụcha narị afọ nke 19.  na afọ 1920, mgbe mpaghara Ottoman ise mejupụtara Lebanọn nke oge a nọ n'okpuru French Mandate maka Siria na Lebanọn, site na ịkwaga n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Afrịka. 

N'ajụjụ ọnụ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke afọ 2017 maka Akụkọ Ndị Na-ekwu Okwu nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Ihe Ọmụma nke Feminist nke dị na Beirut (KW), Khalil kọwara nne ya dị ka "nwanyị ọha mmadụ" nke na-anaghị echebara ụmụ ya echiche nke ukwuu. Khalil kwusiri ike na kama ya na onye na-elekọta nwa ya nwere mmekọrịta chiri anya, zụlitere ịhụnanya miri emi maka okike ma na-enwe mmetụta nke onwe ya karịa onye Naịjirịa karịa onye Lebanọn.
thumb|Ụsọ mmiri Mansouri na 2019, na-ahụ na Ladder of Tyre.
N'ihi ya, ọ Taịra ahụhụ nke ukwuu, ọkachasị n'ihi nkewa ya na onye na-elekọta ya, mgbe ọ dị afọ asaa, ya na nwanne ya nwanyị kwagara Lebanọn. Khalil gara US-American Beirut Evangelical School for Girls ma chee na a na-akpa ókè n'ebe ahụ, ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-asụkarị Bekee Naijiria na naanị Arabic dara ogbenye. N'ụzọ dị iche, Khalil nọrọ ụbọchị obi ụtọ n'oge ọ bụ nwata na ngwụsị izu na ezumike n'ugbo ezinụlọ ya na ụlọ dị n'ụsọ osimiri n'obodo Mansouri, ihe dị ka kilomita 95 n'ebe ndịda Beirut na naanị kilomita ole na ole n'ebe Ndịda obodo ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri oge ochie nke Taịa. Ndị bi n'ógbè ahụ bụ ndị Palestine gbapụrụ n'ala nna ha n'ihe gbasara Nakba nke 1948. 

Dị ka akụkọ nke ya si kwuo, Khalil lụrụ di mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na otu n'okpuru nrụgide nke ezinụlọ ya ibi ndụ ndị ọgaranya ma mụọ nwa.

### Ịgba ọsọ ndụ na Netherlands
Shortly after the beginning of the Lebanese Civil War in early 1975, Khalil fled from Lebanon because of an "incident". She found refuge in the Netherlands where she worked in a museum as a porcelain restorer. During her time in Europe, Khalil also acquired the citizenship of the United Kingdom, which she was entitled to because of being born in Nigeria when it was still a British colony.

N'afọ 1982, Khalil nwere nsogbu uche n'ihi ọnwụ nke naanị nwa ya n'Oké Osimiri Ionian na Corfu. Nwa okorobịa ahụ nọ na-egwu mmiri maka kpakpando ma onye ọkwọ ụgbọ mmiri na-aṅụbiga mmanya ókè na-agba ọsọ. Na *HIMA* - ihe ngosi dị mkpirikpi nke 2021 nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri Giulia Franchi - Khalil kọwara ajọ ihe a dị ka oge mgbanwe na ndụ ya:Ị nweghị nhọrọ: ma ọ bụ, bụrụ onwe gị ma bie ndụ gị, ma ọ bụ gbuo onwe gị ma mechaa nke a. Ya mere, ụzọ m si eche echiche dị iche karịa ụzọ ezinụlọ m si eche ihe. Ha niile chọrọ ka m bụrụ onye m na-abụghị. Alụrụ m, amụrụ m nwa, m mechiri ọnụ ruo ogologo oge, ruo mgbe m tụfuru ya. Mgbe m tụfụrụ ya... nke ahụ bụ ya.   
thumb|Khalil (n'aka nri) na onye ya na ya na-arụkọ ọrụ ogologo oge bụ Habiba Fayed na 2019.
N'ajụjụ ọnụ KW, Khalil kọwara na ọ gara ọgwụgwọ isi mgbaka na ọgwụgwọ uche na Netherlands nke ọ na-ekwu na ọ zọpụtara ndụ ya. N'otu oge ahụ, Khalil na-ekwusi ike, ọ ṅụrụ iyi na ọ ga-eme naanị ihe na ndụ ya nke ga-ewetara ya ọṅụ. Ọ hapụrụ di ya wee zụlite nrọ ịlaghachi Mansouri, ebe obi ụtọ ya dị n'oge ọ bụ nwata. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ya na ụmụnne ya  ketara ugbo ezinụlọ ahụ dị n'ụsọ osimiri na Mansouri site n'aka nne ha, nke a gbahapụrụ kemgbe Agha Lebanọn nke afọ 1982, mgbe Ndị agha Israel (IDF) wakporo Southern Lebanon. 

### Ịlaghachi Lebanọn
 
N'afọ 1999, mgbe otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke narị afọ gasịrị, Khalil laghachiri Lebanọn na nke mbụ ya maka ileta ala nna ya. Ya na enyi ya gakwara ịhụ ala ya na Mansouri, nke dị nso na mpaghara mgbochi nke ka nọ n'okpuru ndị Israel n'oge ahụ. Otu abalị na-enweghị ọnwa n'oge ịnọ ahụ, ụmụ nwanyị abụọ ahụ nwere ohere izute n'ụsọ osimiri na mbe mmiri na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-eyi àkwá n'ájá. Mgbe ọ matara na osimiri ahụ bụ otu n'ime ebe ole na ole fọdụrụ na Lebanọn maka Ụdị ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nakwa maka mbe mmiri loggerhead, nke International Union for Conservation of Nature kewara dị ka ụdị dị ize ndụ, Khalil kpebiri itinye onwe ya n'ihe gbasara ichebe anụmanụ ndị a na ebe obibi ha.

In early 2000, Khalil moved from the Netherlands to Mansouri. Three months later, the IDF and their allies of the South Lebanon Army withdrew from the nearby buffer zone. Ironically, Khalil reasons, the Israeli occupation had kept the area untouched."Get away from the urban grind, care for turtles at Orange House". *The Daily Star – The Free Library*. 2013. Retrieved 2023-08-31. She teamed up with her friend Habiba Fayed, who shares her passion for conservationism, and they soon opened a bed-and-breakfast in the house, which Khalil's grandfather had built in the 1970s, to finance their environmentalist efforts through ecotourism. They painted the facades in orange colour and called it the "Orange House" in honor of Khalil's former Dutch refuge. In an interview with The Daily Star Khalil stressed that the place is also Dutch in its social tolerance: Ndị mmadụ na-abịa n'ihi na ebe a bụ ebe nzuzo. Ọ bụ ebe ọ dịghị onye ga-ekpe ha ikpe, ọ bụrụhaala na ha na-akwanyere okike ùgwù. Ndị na-edina nwoke ibe ha, ndị na-edine nwanyị ibe ha, ihe ọ bụla - ọ dịghị onye na-ekpe ha ihe ebe a. N'ime afọ atọ, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị sitere na NGO nke Atens Mediterranean Association to Save the Sea Turtles (MEDASSET) zụrụ Khalil na Fayed iji guzobe mmemme nlekota, chịkọta data ma chebe akwukwo mbe. Ọrụ dị mkpa nye Khalil, Fayed, ndị ọbịa ha na ndị enyemaka afọ ofufo bụ idebe osimiri ọcha, ọkachasị site na ihe mkpofu plastik nke na-ada n'ụsọ oké osimiri. Na mbido, ọtụtụ n'ime mmetọ ahụ yiri ka ọ sitere n'isi ụlọ ọrụ dị nso nke United Nations Interim Force na Lebanon (UNIFIL). Agbanyeghị, e belatara nsogbu ahụ site na mmekorita chiri anya na ndị na-eme udo..

Nsogbu ka ukwuu bụ na n'otu aka, ndị mmadụ malitere ịrahụ ụra ọzọ n'ụsọ osimiri, na-ahapụ ihe mkpofu ma na-ezu ohi àkwá ma ọ bụ ọbụna ụmụ ọhụrụ. Nke ka njọ bụ na ndị ọkụ azụ̀ lọtara site n'ụzọ ndị na-emebi ihe dị ka ụgbụ e ji aka kpaa, dynamite na ịkụ azụ̀ nsí. Mgbalị Khalil mere iji kwụsị ha mere ka ụfọdụ ndị obodo ahụ ghara inwe mmasị na ya, bụ́ ndị gbalịrị ịgba ụlọ ya ọkụ. Ọ kọrọ na a gbagburu ya. Ma mgbe afọ ole na ole gasịrị, Khalil nwere ike ịkwụsị omume ọjọọ ndị dị otú ahụ..
 
Mgbe Agha Israel-Hezbollah nke afọ 2006 malitere na Julaị afọ 2006, oge nnụnụ, nke na-amalite na Mee ma na-agwụ na Ọktoba, nọ n'ụzọ zuru ezu. Ya mere, Khalil na Fayed nọrọ ụbọchị atọ  wee gwa ndị agha Hezbollah ka ha hapụ ụsọ mmiri ahụ. Otú ọ dị, mgbe mwakpo ụgbọelu Israel bibiri ụlọ onye agbata obi, ha gbapụrụ maka nchekwa ma laghachi naanị mgbe nkwụsị ọkụ nke UN malitere n'etiti Ọgọst. Bọmbụ ndị Israel bibiri ọnụ ụlọ abụọ nke Orange House, mana ọ dabara nke ọma na e chebere osimiri ahụ site na mmetọ kpọmkwem nke mmanụ ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ Jiyeh kpatara. Khalil gara n'ihu dee na n'agbanyeghị agha ahụ, ihe dị ka ụmụ ọhụrụ 5,000 sitere na 70 loggerheads na akwukwo mbe na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ruru n'oké osimiri n'afọ ahụ,  na-ekwu na ọ bụ oge kachasị mma kemgbe mmalite nke ọrụ ahụ, n'ihi na ọgụ ahụ mere ka ndị mmadụ ghara ịga n'ụsọ osimiri.

N'afọ 2008, obodo Mansouri nke dị kilomita 1.4 nke ụsọ mmiri ájá ka ndị obodo ahụ nabatara dị ka **hima* -* "ebe a na-echebe obodo" - n'ihi ọdịdị ya dịgasị iche iche na dị ka ebe mbe na-anọ. Na 2015 o doro anya na osimiri Mansouri bụkwa ebe ihe nketa akụkọ ihe mere eme mgbe oké ifufe nke oge oyi kpughere ihe ndị mere eme nke nwere mosaic, ite na ite iko. Ka o sina dị, hima ahụ - site n'echiche nchedo - chere egwu ọzọ ihu kemgbe 2017 site na nsị, ọkụ na mmetọ mkpọtụ, mgbe iwu ụlọ ezumike onwe ya malitere n'ụsọ osimiri dị nso na South.

N'afọ 2019, ndị ọchịchị tinyere ụtụ isi nke nde pound Lebanọn 10 - mgbe ahụ ihe ruru US $ 400 - na Khalil maka iji ụgbọ ala ya gafee ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè ọha  - nke a gbahapụrụ na 1975. 

Mgbe ọrịa COVID-19 hapụrụ ụsọ mmiri Mansouri ma mechie ebe ezumike okomoko dị n'akụkụ ya, Khalil na ndị otu ya hụrụ ọnụ ọgụgụ ndekọ nke akwukwo 20 nke mbe mmiri na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ.

N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na *The Daily Star* Khalil kwubiri, sị:Ebe a bụ eluigwe m n'ụwa nye m. Enweghị eluigwe ọzọ maka m, nke a bụ ya.  

## Njikọ mpụga

* Facebook nke Khalil
* Facebook-page nke Orange House
* Mona Khalil, a legend from Lebanon - 7 nkeji ajụjụ ọnụ na Arabic na English subtitles site na Bouna Antonio site na 2019
* Orange House Project - obere ihe nkiri nke Monique Bassila Zaarour site na 2012
* Sea Turtles and endangered species - akwụkwọ maka ụmụaka nke Youmna Jazzar Medlej na Joumana Medlej, nke Cedarseed bipụtara na 2007 na Arabic, English na French, 
* The Orange House - ihe nkiri nke Ramin Francis Assadi, wepụtara na 2011
* Ihe akaebe nke Resistance - Mona Khalil - ajụjụ ọnụ nkeji iri na abụọ site na 2017

## Edemsibia

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations