Olga Tokarczuk

**Olga Nawoja Tokarczuk**  ( [tɔˈkart͡ʂuk] ; amuru 29 Jenuarị 1962) bu onye odee Polish, onye na-eme ihe ike,  na ọgụgụ isi ọha .  Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị odee nke ọgbọ ya kacha mma na Poland. N'afọ 2019, e nyere ya ihe nrite 2018 Nobel Prize in Literature dị ka onye edemede nwanyị Polish mbụ maka “echiche akụkọ nke na mmụọ encyclopedic na-anọchite anya ngafe nke oke dịka ụdị ndụ”. Maka *ụgbọ elu* akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, e nyere Tokarczuk ihe nrite 2018 Man Booker International . Ọrụ ya gụnyere *Primeval na Oge Ndị Ọzọ*, *Na-ebugharị Ọkpụkpụ Gị n'elu Ọkpụkpụ Ndị Nwụrụ Anwụ*, na *Akwụkwọ Jekọb* .

A maara Tokarczuk maka ụda akụkọ ifo nke ederede ya. Onye ọkà n'akparamàgwà mmadụ sitere na Mahadum Warsaw, o bipụtala nchịkọta uri, ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ, yana akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ nwere ọrụ prose dị mkpụmkpụ. Maka *ụgbọ elu* na *Akwụkwọ Jekọb*, ọ meriri Nike Awards, ihe nrite akwụkwọ edemede kacha elu nke Poland, n'etiti nkwanye ugwu ndị ọzọ; ọ meriri ihe nrite ndị na-ege ntị Nike ugboro ise. N'afọ 2015, ọ nwetara ihe nrite German-Polish Bridge maka ntinye aka ya na nghọtarịta n'etiti mba Europe.

Asụgharịwo ọrụ ya n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ asụsụ 40, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ndị edemede Polish a kacha sụgharịa n'oge a.  *Akwụkwọ nke Jacob*, nke a na-ewere dị ka magnum opus, ka ewepụtara na UK na Nọvemba 2021 ka afọ asaa nke ọrụ ntụgharị gasịrị,  sochiri ntọhapụ na US na February 2022.  Na Machị afọ ahụ, edepụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ maka 2022 International Booker Prize. 

Tokarczuk gara n'ihu na-amụ gbasara akparamàgwà ụlọ ọgwụ na Mahadum Warsaw na 1980, na n'oge ọmụmụ ya, o wepụtara onwe ya na mgbapu maka ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma nwere nsogbu omume.  Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1985, ọ kwagara na Wrocław ma mesịa gaa Wałbrzych, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọkà n'akparamàgwà mmadụ na 1986–89 na onye nkuzi nkuzi na 1989–96. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, o bipụtara abụ na nyocha na ndị nta akụkọ wee bipụta akwụkwọ uri na 1989. Enyere ọrụ ya na Walbrzych Literary Paths (1988, 1990).  Tokarczuk kwụsịrị itinye uche n'akwụkwọ, o kwukwara na ọ na-enwe mmetụta "ọhụụ karịa ndị ahịa ya".  Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na-adịghị mma na London nwa oge, na-emeziwanye Bekee ya, wee gaa maka akwụkwọ mmụta akwụkwọ na United States (1996) na na Berlin (2001/02). 

Kemgbe 1998, o bi n'agbata Krajanów na Wrocław, na Lower Silesia . Ebe obibi ya dị na Krajanów dị nso na Nowa Ruda dị n'ugwu Sudetes n'ókè ala Polish-Czech nwere ọtụtụ omenala. Obodo emetụtala ọrụ agụmagụ ya;  akwụkwọ akụkọ *House of Day, House of Night* (1998) na-emetụ ndụ n'ụlọ a nakweere, na omume nke *Driver Your Plow Over the Bones of the Dead* (2009) na-ewere ọnọdụ na Kłodzko Valley mara mma. Na 1998, ya na di ya mbụ, Tokarczuk hiwere ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ Ruta, nke na-arụ ọrụ ruo 2004.  Ọ bụ onye nhazi International Short Story Festival, bụ́ nke a malitere na Wrocław na 2004. Dị ka onye nkuzi ọbịa, o duziri ọmụmụ ihe gbasara prose na mahadum dị na Kraków na Opole . Tokarczuk sonyeere ndị editorial otu nke *Krytyka Polityczna* (Eng. ed. *Political Critique* ), a magazin nakwa dị ka nnukwu pan-regional netwọk nke ụlọ ọrụ na activists, na ugbu a na-eje ozi na Board nke Trustees nke ya agụmakwụkwọ na nnyocha unit - Institute for Advance Study na Warsaw. Ọ gakwaala gburugburu ụwa.  
alt=Polnische Frauen, Polnische Frau, Polish Women, Polskie kobiety|thumb| Tokarczuk n'oge ngosi nke ihe nkiri ''Spoor'' na Berlinale 2017
Na 2022, o bipụtara *The Empusium: A Health Resort Horror Story* . Antonia Lloyd-Jones tụgharịrị ya n'asụsụ Bekee n'afọ 2024. Ọ sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ *Ugwu Ime Anwansi ,* nke Thomas Mann dere.    

### Ememme Heights Literary
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Tokarczuk na Karol Maliszewski na Ememme Elu Elu (2018)
Na Nọvemba 2019, Tokarczuk hibere ntọala aha ya na ọtụtụ mmemme metụtara akwụkwọ akwadoro iji mepụta ebe ọgụgụ isi na nka na-aga n'ihu. Ekwuwapụtara na onye na-ede uri onye Poland bụ Tymoteusz Karpowicz Villa na Wrocław ga-abụ oche ya n'ọdịnihu.  Onye edemede ahụ kenyere 10 pasent nke ihe nrite ego Nobel na ahụ, ma e wezụga ya, Agnieszka Holland na Ireneusz Grin abanyela na Council Foundation. Ntọala ahụ malitere ọrụ ya na Ọktoba 2020 na-emejuputa mmemme mmụta, na-ahazi asọmpi ide na arụmụka ọha na eze, na inye ego maka ndị na-eto eto na-achọ edemede yana mba ụwa, ebe obibi. 

Tokarczuk bụ onye ekpe na nwanyị .    Ụfọdụ òtù mba na Poland akatọọla ya dị ka onye na-adịghị ahụ mba, onye na-emegide Kraịst na onye na-akwalite iyi ọha egwu .   Ọ gọrọ agọ ebubo ahụ, kọwapụtala onwe ya dị ka “ezigbo nwa amaala” ma kwuo na ndị otu na-akatọ ya bụ ndị na-eso ụzọ mba ọzọ na-emebi aha mba Poland.    Onye nkatọ olu nke antisemitism na Poland, Tokarczuk ekwuola na "Ọ dịghị omenala Polish na-enweghị omenala ndị Juu". Ọ na-akatọkarị Poland maka na ọ 'mere omume jọgburu onwe ya dị ka ndị na-achị ọchịchị, dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu nke mba nke gbochiri obere [ndị Juu], dị ka ndị nwe ohu, na dị ka ndị na-egbu ndị Juu". Ọtụtụ nkwutọ ọhaneze ndị Poland na-akatọ ndị na-emegide ndị Juu akpatala ya asị n'aka ụfọdụ ndị na-akwado mba Poland. 

Na 2015, mgbe e bipụtachara *Akwụkwọ nke Jekọb*, òtù Nowa Ruda Patriots katọrọ Tokarczuk, bụ ndị rịọrọ ka ndị isi obodo ahụ kagbuo onye edemede na-asọpụrụ nwa amaala nke Nowa Ruda n'ihi na, dị ka òtù ahụ kwuru, ọ emebiwo aha ọma nke mba Poland. Senator Waldemar Bonkowski nke Law and Justice Party kwadoro akwụkwọ ozi ndị ahụ, dịka onye akwụkwọ akụkọ Tokarczuk si kwuo na nkwupụta ọha na eze "na-emegide nnọọ echiche nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị akụkọ ihe mere eme Polish". Tokarczuk kwuru na ya bụ ezigbo onye mba ọzọ, ọ bụghị ndị mmadụ na otu ndị na-akatọ ya, na omume na omume ịkpọasị na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na-emerụ Poland na onyinyo ya ná mba ọzọ.   

Na 2020, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị debanyere aha ya na ndị edemede ndị ọzọ a ma ama dị ka Margaret Atwood, John Banville na JM Coetzee nke akwụkwọ ozi mepere emepe degaara Onye isi oche nke European Commission Ursula von der Leyen, na-agba European Union ume ka ha mee ihe ozugbo iji gbachitere ụkpụrụ European bụ isi - ịha nhata, enweghị ịkpa ókè, nkwanye ùgwù maka ndị pere mpe na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Poland. ezubere iche maka ụmụntakịrị nwoke na nwanyị na ịdọrọ nkwado sitere na òtù na-akwalite mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị.  

## Ihe nrite na nnabata
Olga Tokarczuk bụ onye nwetagoro ọtụtụ ihe nrite agụmagụ ma na ma na mpụga Poland. Ọrụ ya abụrụla isiokwu nke akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ iri na abuo na akụkọ. 

Ngosipụta mbụ ya, na 2004, bụ maka ntụgharị Bekee (nke Antonia Lloyd-Jones ) nke akwụkwọ akụkọ 1998 ya *House of Day, House of Night*, bụ nke e depụtara aha maka International Dublin Literary Award . 

Ise n'ime akwụkwọ Tokarczuk bụ ndị ikpeazụ maka Nike Award,  akwụkwọ edemede Polish kacha mkpa, na abụọ n'ime ha nwetara ihe nrite *: Ụgbọ elu* na 2008, na *Akwụkwọ nke Jacob* na 2015.  

N'afọ 2010, Tokarczuk nwetara ihe nrite ọla ọcha maka ọdịmma ọdịbendị - Gloria Artis .  Na 2013, e nyere ya ihe nrite Slovene Vilenica . 
áká_èkpè|thumb| Tokarczuk (n'aka ekpe) ya na Jennifer Croft, onye ntụgharị nke ''ụgbọ elu'' na ''akwụkwọ nke Jekọb'', na Lisa Appignanesi, Onye isi oche nke 2018 Man Booker International Prize .
Ọ bụ onye nnata nke 2015 Brückepreis, mbipụta nke iri abụọ nke ihe nrite nke "Europa-City Zgorzelec / Görlitz " nyere. Ihe nrite a bụ njikọ aka nke obodo ejima German na Polish iji kwalite udo, mpaghara na Europe, nghọta na imekọ ihe ọnụ n'etiti ndị obodo, omenala na echiche dị iche iche. Ndị juri kacha nwee ekele maka Tokarczuk mepụtara àkwà mmiri akwụkwọ na-ejikọta ndị mmadụ, ọgbọ na omenala, karịsịa ndị bi na ókèala Poland, Germany na Czech Republic, bụ ndị nweela ahụmahụ dị iche iche dị adị na akụkọ ihe mere eme. Ihe mesiri ike bụ "nchọgharị" Tokarczuk na nkọwapụta nke mgbagwoju anya multinational na multicultural gara aga nke Lower Silesia mpaghara, mpaghara nnukwu esemokwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. N'ịga emume nturu ugo a na Görlitz, Tokarczuk nwere mmasị na àgwà ziri ezi na nke ziri ezi nke onye isi obodo obodo German gosipụtara banyere nsogbu ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ na ndị njem mba ọzọ ugbu a, bụ nke ọ dị iche na ọgba aghara echiche gbara ya gburugburu na Poland.    

Maka *Akwụkwọ nke Jekọb*, e nyere Tokarczuk ihe nrite 2016 Kulturhuset Stadsteatern International Literary Prize na Stockholm .  A ghọtara nsụgharị French nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ dị ka 2018 "Best European novel" nke akwụkwọ akụkọ omenala France *Transfuge* . Ọ nwetakwara 2018 Swiss Jan Michalski Prize, na 2019 French Prix Laure Batallon maka akwụkwọ asụsụ mba ọzọ kacha mma a sụgharịrị n'afọ gara aga.  

N'afọ 2018, *ụgbọ elu* (nsụgharị Bekee nke Jennifer Croft ) nwetara ihe nrite International Man Booker .   Otu afọ ka nke ahụ gasịrị, *chụpụ ihe ọkụkụ gị n'elu ọkpụkpụ nke ndị nwụrụ anwụ* (nsụgharị nke Antonia Lloyd-Jones) bụ ndị ahọpụtara maka 2019 Man Booker International Prize. 

N'afọ 2019, e nyere Olga Tokarczuk ihe nrite Nobel na akwụkwọ 2018 maka "echiche akụkọ nke na mmụọ encyclopedic na-anọchite anya ngafe nke oke dịka ụdị ndụ".  (hụ okpuru)

N'afọ 2020, ọ nwetara aha nwa amaala Warsaw na-asọpụrụ dịka nkwado nke mmezu agụmagụ ya. 

Na 2021, Tokarczuk natara utu aha nke Dọkịta Honoris Causa na Mahadum Warsaw, Mahadum Wrocław, wee si na Mahadum Jagiellonian nke Kraków .    Ọ ghọkwara nwa amaala nke Kraków Honorary. 

A họpụtara ya Royal Society of Literature International Writer na Nọvemba 2021. 

Na Maachị 2022, *Akwụkwọ nke Jekọb* (nke Jennifer Croft tụgharịrị) ka edenyere aha ogologo maka 2022 International Booker Prize,  emesịa edepụta aha ya na Eprel.  Na June 2022, e nyere ya nzere nkwanye ugwu sitere na Mahadum Sofia   na na Mee 2023 site na Mahadum Tel Aviv . 

Na Septemba 2024, e nyere Europese Literatuurprijs n'akwụkwọ ọhụrụ *ya The Empusium* . 

### Nrite Nobel na akwụkwọ
 
thumb| Tokarczuk na 2024 Nobel Week
N'afọ 2019, e nyere Olga Tokarczuk ihe nrite Nobel na akwụkwọ 2018 maka "echiche akụkọ nke na mmụọ encyclopedic na-anọchite anya ngafe nke oke dịka ụdị ndụ".  E yigharịrị ihe nrite ahụ n'ihi esemokwu dị n'ime ụlọ akwụkwọ Swedish    

A nabatara nhọrọ nke Tokarczuk nke ọma. " Ụlọ akwụkwọ Swedish emeghị ọtụtụ mmejọ n'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya," Claire Armitstead dere na *The Guardian*, "ma na onye edemede Polish Olga Tokarczuk, ọ bụghị nanị onye mmeri dị mma ma ọ bụ omenala dị mkpa."  Na Poland, e kewara mmeghachi omume mgbe Tokarczuk meriri. 

Olga Tokarczuk nyere nkuzi Nobel ya, *Onye na-akọ akụkọ obi ụtọ*, na ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ Sweden na Disemba 7, 2019.  N'ime ya, o kwuru banyere nkwenkwe ya n'ikike nke akwụkwọ dị n'ụwa nke ihe ọmụma karịrị akarị na akụkọ nke na-ekewa. 

Na emume nturu ugo na Stockholm na 10 Disemba 2019, Per Wästberg nke Swedish Academy kwuru banyere Tokarczuk:
 

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ

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### Akụkọ ifo dị mkpụmkpụ

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## Ihe ndetu

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta ndị meriri Nobel na Polish
* Akwụkwọ Polish
* Ndepụta okporo osisi: Akwụkwọ

## Ntụaka

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations