Ruaraidh Erskine

**Ruaraidh Erskine nke Marr** (15 Jenụwarị 1869 - 5 Jenụwarụ 1960) (Scottish Gaelic: **Ruaraidh Arascain bụ Mhàirr**) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mba Scotland, onye edemede na onye na-eme mkpọsa maka mweghachi asụsụ Gaelic nke Scotland.

## Oge ọ malitere
A mụrụ Ruaraidh Erskine dịka The Honourable Stuart Richard Joseph Erskine na 1 Portland Place, Brighton, East Sussex, England na 15 Jenụwarị 1869. Ọ bụ nwa nke atọ n'ime ụmụ anọ William Macnaghten Erskine, Baron Erskine nke ise (1841-1913), onye ọlụagha, na nwunye ya, Caroline Alice Martha Grimble mụrụ. Ezinụlọ ahụ bụ ụmụ nke Erskine Earls nke Buchan.

Erskine kwuru na ọ mụtara ịsụ asụsụ Scottish Gaelic site n'aka onye na-elekọta ya mgbe ọ bụ nwata, onye si Harris", nakwa na nke a kpaliri ịnụ ọkụ n'obi nke ga-abụ isi ihe ịrịba ama nke ọrụ ya. N'oge na-adịghị anya, ndị Irish Nationalist movement chụlitere echiche ya, nke mere na mmetụta ndị a jikọtara ọnụ, tinyere na ndị ezinụlọ ya bụ ndị Scotland, dugara na yanwa ịghọ onye a ma ama na mba Gaelic, onye nrọ ya siri ike bụ ịhụ Celtic Scotland na-achị onwe ya.  Dị ka nzọụkwụ dị mkpa iji mezuo nrọ a, ọ na-etinye aka n'ịkwalite nghọta Gaelic na ịgbasa ojiji Gaelic, ọkachasị n'ụdị ederede. O nwere olile anya na mmụba dị ịrịba ama nke Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ Scottish Gaelic ga-enye aka n'ibuli ụkpụrụ edemede, na mmeghachi omume megide ihe ọ hụrụ dị ka mmetụta na-emebi emebi nke ụlọ egwu na omenala 'pop' na amaokwu Gaelic n'ime ọkara nke abụọ nke narị afọ nke iri na itoolu. O yikarịrị ka ọ na-ele ọrụ ya anya dị ka nzaghachi nye njupụta nke akụkọ ọdịnala n'ụwa akwụkwọ Gaelic.

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ na Mbilite n'Ọnwụ nke Neo-Jacobite
N'afọ 1890, Erskine na Herbert Vivian guzobere The Whirlwind,  akwụkwọ akụkọ kwa izu. E bipụtara akwụkwọ ahụ ihe na-erughị otu afọ, mana ọtụtụ ndị omenkà a ma ama bipụtara ihe na ya, gụnyere Walter Sickert na James NcNeill Whistler. Ọ kwadoro ịhụ mba n'anya, udo, azụmahịa n'efu na Irish Home Rule, ma na-emegide ịgba odibo nke ụmụ nwanyị na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya. Ọ kwadokwara nkà ihe ọmụma Jacobite, na mweghachi nke Ụlọ Stuart. Erskine, tinyere Vivian na Melville Henry Massue guzobere Legitimist Jacobite League of Great Britain and Ireland na 1891, ọ bụkwa onye isi oche nke nzukọ ahụ na 1893, 1894 na 1897. 

N'afọ 1891, o guzoro dị ka onye na-azọ ọkwa maka ịnọchite anya Mpaghara Buteshire dị ka "Scottish Tory Home Ruler",  mana ka ọ na-erule Ọktoba nke afọ ahụ, ọ bụrụ na ọ laala ezumike nká. 

N'afọ 1901, Erskine malitere idezi akwụkwọ akụkọ ọhụrụ na-asụ asụsụ abụọ, Am Bàrd, nke nọ na-aga n'ihu ruo Julaị nke afọ sochirinụ. N'afọ 1904, ọ malitere *Guth na Blaidhna*, akwụkwọ akụkọ kwa mgbe kwa mgbe nke na-asụ asụsụ abụọ nke na-akwalite mweghachi asụsụ Scottish Gaelic, okpukpe Katọlik na  na Mgbanwe n'ụdị nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ. E bipụtara ya ruo afọ iri abụọ na otu, n'ikpeazụ ọ kwụsịrị ọrụ na 1925. N'agbata Febụwarị 1908 na Febụwarị 1909 o bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ n'asụsụ Gaelic kwa izu bụ *Alba*, nke na-ekwu maka ọtụtụ okwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nke ọdịbendị, gụnyere ala, crofting, ịkụ azụ, agụmakwụkwọ Scottish Gaelic, akụkọ ihe mere eme Scottish na abụ Gaelic.

N'afọ 1914, Erskine weghachiri The Scottish Review, bụ aha akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Marquess nke atọ nke Bute dezigharịrị n'etiti afọ 1882 na 1900. Ọnọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ kwadoro bụ nke aka ekpe yana nke mba. Ndị mere ntinye na ya gụnyere onye otu ọrụ Aberdonian William Diack, James Maxton nke Independent Labour Party (ILP), onye edemede na onye na-ede uri Lewis Spence, na onye omeiwu Welsh Nationalist Edward Thomas John.

## Ịbụ Onye Hụrụ mba Scotland n'anya
N'afọ 1892, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na atọ, ọ ghọrọ osote onye isi oche nke òtù Scottish Home Rule, mana ọ tolitere na-emegide echiche nke ọchịchị ụlọ maka Scotland n'ime United Kingdom ma gaa n'ihu na-akwado Nnwere onwe Scotland.

N'afọ 1904, o guzobere akwụkwọ mbipụta *Guth na Bliadhna* (Olu nke Afọ) ma jiri ya kwadoo nnwere onwe na mbịakọta ọnụ nke Ndị Gael nke Scotland na Ireland iji nyere ibe ha aka na mkpọsa iji guzobe asụsụ ha n'otu n'otu dị ka asụsụ gọọmentị nke mba ha. O jikwa magazin ahụ kpọọ òkù ka e guzobe òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị iji mee mkpọsa maka nnwere onwe. Ọrụ ya na mbipụta ahụ mere ka ya na William Gillies nwee mmekọrịta, onye ya na ya guzobere Scots National League (SNL) n'afọ 1920, si otú a gaa n'iru nw'obere iji mezuo ịmepụta òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mba Scotland.

N'agbanyeghị nzụlite arịstokratik ya, Erskine nwere njikọ ya na onye Socialist John Maclean onye bụ onye na-akwado Scotland nweere onwe ya. Erskine n'otu oge kọwara ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya dị ka "nkwenkwe na-eri ibe ya", mana n'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ ọ na-aghọwanye onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma na-enwe ọmịiko na ihe kpatara ndị dị ka Maclean.

Ọ kwadoro Easter Rising mere na Ireland na 1916, ma gbalịa ịkwalite njikọ ya na ndị Irish na-ahụ maka mba site n'ịgbalị ịmepụta akwụkwọ akụkọ Scottish-Irish Celtic ya na Art O'Brian onye isi oche nke Irish Self Determination League.

Erskine gbalịrị inweta nnọchiteanya onwe onye maka Scotland n'ọgbakọ Paris Peace na njedebe nke Agha Ụwa Mbụ. N'ime nke a, o gaaraghị ya, mana ọ dọtara nkwado nke ndị dị ka James Maxton, onye a ma ama na Independent Labour Party n'oge ahụ.

Erskine na Gillies duuru SNL isonye n'òtù ndị ọzọ iji guzobe National Party of Scotland (NPS) na 1928. NPS dị nnọọ iche n'ebe SNL nọ, nke na ọtụtụ ndị òtù SNL hapụrụ NPS n'ihi ihe a, gụnyere Erskine. Mgbe nke a gasịrị, Erskine ga-arụ obere ọrụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.

A na-ebo Erskine ebubo ogologo oge na ọ bụ onye na-emeghachi omume. Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ n'ime echiche ya enwetawo iwu ewu ka oge na-aga, dịka Nnwere onwe Scotland, Mgbanwe ala (site na Highland Land League), na ọbụna mweghachi asụsụ Scottish Gaelic. Pan-Celticism ya enwetawo nlebara anya site na Celtic Congress na Celtic League.

## Ndụ onwe onye
Na Mee 1891, a mara ọkwa nkwa ọlụlụ nke Erskine kwere Muriel Lilias Colquhoun Graham;  ha lụrụ onwe ha na 18 Julaị 1891. 

## Ịgụrụ Gawa

** Cairns, Gerard (2021), *No Language! No Nation! The Life and Times of the Honourable Ruaraidh Erskine of Marr*, Rymour Books, Perth, 
** Alex, Murray (2023), *Decadent Conservatism: Aesthetics, Politics and the Past*, Oxford University Press. ISBN &nbsp;

## Hụkwa

* Hugh MacDiarmid
* Compton MacKenzie

## Edensibịa

## Njikọ mpụga

* ["Erskine, Stuart Richard nke ''a maara dị ka''  *Oxford Dictionary of National Biography*
* "Mmekọrịta gafee North Channel: Ruaraidh Erskine na mmetụta Irish na enweghị afọ ojuju Scotland, 1906-1920" na The Irish Story*Akụkọ Ndị Ireland*
* "Nwanyị agwọ na Mmetụta Ọjọọ: Ihe ijuanya nke Onye Nnyocha Gaelic Akụkọ dị mkpirikpi nke Ruaraidh Erskine nke Mar, Scottish Literary Review*Nnyocha Akwụkwọ Scottish*
* "A Dabara Onyinye nye ndị Gaelic Thalia ma ọ bụ Melpomene": Ruaraidh Erskine nke Mar na Drama na Scottish Gaelic," *Litteraria Pragensia*
* "Neo-Jacobites, Decadents and Fin de Siècle Nationalism," The History of Scottish Cosmopolitanism at the Fin de Siécle (video) 
* Gerard Cairns, *[https://www.rymour.co.uk/erskine.html Enweghị Asụsụ!]* Enweghị Mba! The Life and Times of the Honourable Ruaraidh Erskine of Marr (Perth: Rymour Books, 2021) 
* "Nwoke na Ruaraidh Erskine's Short Stories in the Context of Fin-de-siècle Detective Fiction," Association for Scottish Literature (video) 

Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations