open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Asụsụ Sizang

**Sizang** (Sizang, Shiyang), ma ọ bụ **Siyin** (Siyin Chin), bụ asụsụ Kuki-Chin nke ndị Sizang na-asụ na ndịda obodo Tedim, Chin State, Burma.

## Ntụaka
asụsụ obodo

* Davis, Tyler. 2018. *[https://www.academia.edu/36209794/Verb_stem_alternation_in_Sizang_Chin_narrative_discourse Ngwaa Stem Alternation na Sizang Chin Akụkọ Akụkọ]* . Tesis nke nna ukwu. Chiang Mai: Mahadum Payap.
Asụsụ Siang

**Siang**, ma ọ bụ **Ot Siang**, bụ asụsụ Barito nke etiti Kalimantan, Indonesia .

## Ntụaka
asụsụ
Asụsụ Saihriem

Asụsụ **Saihriem** (Faihriem, Syriem) bụ ngwakọta nke ndị Saihriem/ Faihriem na-asụ - otu ebo Hmar nke ebo Chin-Kuki-Mizo na ndị ọzọ nwere mmekọrịta chiri anya dị ka Aimol, Kuki, Vaiphei, n'ime obodo anọ gbara agbata obi (Nohar, Balgathilla & Bahriem, Nagbagao, Bahriem). obodo) gburugburu Dwarbond na Bojalenga Block nke Cachar District, Assam .

Ọ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke ukwuu, ebe ndị ka na-asụ asụsụ ahụ dị narị narị ole na ole. Edere ya n'ụzọ na-ezighi ezi dị ka **Sairang** na *ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị India, 1901* na enwere naanị ndị na-asụ asụsụ 71 n'oge ahụ. Ọ bụ nke ngalaba Kuki-Chin nke ezinụlọ Tibeto-Burman nke asụsụ. 

## Okwu ndị bụ isi

### Ọnụọgụ

### Aha izu

## Ntụaka
nwere mmekọrịta chiri anya dị ka Aimol, Kuki, ahụ asụsụ

* 1999, Robin D. Tribhuwan, Preeti R. Tribhuwan, *Tribal dances of India ( Encyclopaedic profile of Indian tribes, mpịakọta 1)*, peeji nke 117: […] 21 ezinụlọ. Ha bụ Biete, Changsan, Chawrai, Darngawn, Faihriem, […] na Zote. Omenala gara aga na-egosi na ebo ọ bụla nwere olumba nke ya mana n'oge a, ndị ozi ala ọzọ nke Ndị Kraịst mepụtara otu olumba nkịtị nke ndị Hmar ji eme ihe.
Asụsụ Simte

**Simte** bụ asụsụ Kuki-Chin nke India. Ndị Simte na North Eastern India na-asụ ya nke ọma, ndị gbadoro ụkwụ na Manipur na mpaghara ndị dị n'akụkụ Mizoram na Assam . Olumba a na-asụ n'asụsụ Manipur na-egosipụta nghọta nke ọma na asụsụ Kuki-Chin ndị ọzọ nke mpaghara ahụ gụnyere Thadou, Hmar, Vaiphei, Paite, Kom na Gangte .  Edere ya n'asụsụ Latịn .

## Ntụaka
mpaghara ndị dị n'ime asụsụ
Asụsụ Samo (Burkina)

**Samo** (Sane, San, Sa), makwaara dị ka Mande Samo, bụ ụyọkọ olumba nke asụsụ Mande a na-asụ na Burkina Faso na Mali .

## Ụdị dị iche iche
Nghọta n'etiti ụdị Samo dị ala. Edeela koodu ndị a dị ka asụsụ dị iche iche: 

* **Matya Samo**, nke a na-asụ na Kossi Province, Sourou Province ( Nouna na Solenzo ) na Mali
* **Maya Samo**, nke a na-asụ na mpaghara Sourou, Ógbè Yatenga, na Ógbè Zondoma.
* **Southern / Maka Samo**, nke a na-ekwu na Nayala Province (Nouna na Solenzo mpaghara); Mpaghara nke Sourou ; Mpaghara Sanguié ; Mpaghara Passoré 

## Ọnụọgụ igwe mmadụ
Onu ogugu na mpaghara olumba Samo: 

Ndepụta obodo Samo nke ngalaba na olumba haziri: 

## Ihe atụ okwu
Ọmụmaatụ okwu ndị bụ isi nke olumba Samo: 

## Sistemụ ederede

## Ihe ndetu na nrụtụ aka

### Akpọrọ ọrụ

*
Asụsụ Shö

**Shö** bụ ụyọkọ asụsụ Kuki-Chin nke Burma na Bangladesh. Enwere ike ịnwe olumba atọ dị iche iche, Asho (Khyang), Chinbon, na Shendu.

**Mayin** na **Longpaw** anaghị aghọta n'otu n'otu, mana etinyerela ya n'okpuru koodu ISO maka Chinbon n'ihi na ndị na-asụ Mayin-Longpaw na-aghọtakarị Chinbon.  Agụnyere **Minkya** n'otu aka ahụ n'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị na-asụ Minkya ghọtara Mayin. 

## Nkesa ala
A na-asụ **Chinbon** (Uppu) n'obodo ndị a dị na Mianmaa. 

* Chin State : Kanpetlet na obodo Paletwa
* Mpaghara Magway : Obodo Saw na Sidoktaya
* Rakhine State : Minbya obodo

* Settu (nke a na-ekwu site na Sittwe ruo Thandwe &#x2014; na-abụkarị Sittwe ka Ann )
* Laitu (a na-ekwu na obodo Sidoktaya )
* Awttu (nke a na-ekwu na obodo Mindon )
* Kowntu (a na-asụ na Ngaphe, Minhla, Minbu )
* Kaitu (a na-asụ na Pegu, Mandalay, Magway )
* Lauku (nke a na-asụ na Myepone, Kyauk Phyu, Ann )

## fonology
Olumba Asho (K'Chò) nwere consonants iri abụọ na isii ruo iri atọ na ụdaume iri ruo iri na otu dabere na olumba.

* A na-anụ ụda plosives /bd ɡ z/ n'olumba Plains.
* N'olumba Plains, a na-akpọ plosive eze /t̪ t̪ʰ/ dị ka alveolar [t tʰ], yana /d/ ịbụ naanị alveolar.
* Velar plosives / k kʰ/ nwere ike ịkachasị ya dị ka affricates [tʃ tʃʰ] n'ihu ụdaume n'ihu.
* N'asụsụ ụfọdụ a na-anụ [ j̊ ] na-enweghị olu n'ọnọdụ /ʃ/.
* /j/ nwekwara ike ịnụ dị ka fricative [ ʒ ] na mgbanwe efu n'etiti olumba.

Diphthong: 

* Ụda /ʏ ʉ/ na-eme naanị n'olumba ugwu. N'olumba Plains, a na-anụ /ʊ u/ n'ọnọdụ /ʏ ʉ/.
* A na-anụ [ə̆] mkpirisi n'ime mkpụrụokwu na-edochaghị anya.
* /ɤ/ nwere ike ịnụ mgbe ụfọdụ ka etiti [ ɘ ] karịa.
* A bugoro /ˠi/ na-apụta n'olumba Plains.

## Ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ
Dị ka asụsụ Kukish ndị ọzọ, ọtụtụ ngwaa Asho nwere isi abụọ dị iche iche. Ntughari azuokokoosisi a bu njiri mara Proto-Kukish, nke edobere n'ogo di iche iche n'asusu Kukish di iche iche. 

## Ntụaka
Asụsụ Kire

**WKire** (Giri) bụ asụsụ Ramu nke obodo Giri (Yawar Rural LLG, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.

## fonology
N'ime asụsụ Ramu niile, Kire nwere ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa dị mgbagwoju anya. 

* Plosives aspirated na-eme naanị okwu-na mbido.
* /w/ ka a chọtara naanị okwu-na mbụ.

Ọzọkwa, a na-achọta diphthongs na triphthong ndị a: /ia/, /ĩã/, /ei/, /ẽĩ/, /ai/, /aːi/, /oi/, /ui/, /uiː/, /ũĩ/, /ue/, /ũẽː/, /ua/, /ũã/, /uai/ũã/ũã/ũã/ũã/, /ũã/, /ũã/ũã /ũĩã/, /ũẽĩ/.

## Ọkpụkpụ
Akwụkwọ akụkọ Kire: 

## Ntụaka
Kire nwere ngwa ngwa ngwa
Asụsụ Pangkhu

**Pangkhua** (Pangkhu), ma ọ bụ **Paang**, bụ asụsụ Kuki-Chin nke a na-asụ na Bangladesh . Ọtụtụ ndị na-asụ Pangkhu na-asụ asụsụ abụọ na Bengali, a na-eduzi ọtụtụ agụmakwụkwọ na Pangkhu n'asụsụ ahụ.

Ebe ọ bụ na e nweghị akwụkwọ na Pangkhua, ma e wezụga akụkọ ifo na abụ, ndị obodo Pangkhua na-eji akwụkwọ Lushai eme ihe. Enwere obere ọdịiche asụsụ n'etiti Pangkhua, Tlanglau, Falam Chin, Bawm na Mizo . 

## Olumba
Olumba nke obodo abụọ bụ isi na-eji Pangkhu, Bilaichari na Konglak na-ekekọrịta 88% nke isi okwu ha. Ndị bi na Pangkhua Para na-ezo aka n'obodo ha dị ka Dinthar (IPA:  ; si Mizo *d̪in* 'stay' na Mizo na Pangkua *t̪ʰar* 'ọhụrụ')

## fonology
Pangkhu nwere fọnịm consonant iri abụọ na otu:

Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ nanị nkwụsị na-enweghị olu na-enweghị isi, /h/, /r/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, na /l/ nwere ike ime na syllable coda. Mgbe nkwusi mere n'ọnọdụ coda, anaghị ahapụ ya nke ọma. Enwere ike ihichapụ mkpụrụedemede glottal fricative /h/ na mbido.

E nwekwara ụdaume ụdaume asaa:

Udaume [æ] na-eje ozi dị ka allophone nke /e/ na [o] na-eje ozi dị ka allophone nke /u/. Ọdịiche ogologo ụdaume na-eme naanị n'ime mkpụrụokwu mechiri emechi na diphthong. Enwere diphthong 9, ndị a bụ /ɑi/, /ɑu/, /ei/, /eu/, /əu/, /ou/, /iɑ/, /uɑ/, na /ui/. Diphthong na ụdaume dị ogologo ka a na-eme ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime mkpụrụokwu ọzọ.

Nhazi mkpụrụokwu bụ isi nke Pangkhu bụ (C)(L)V(X), ebe L bụ consonant mpụta yana X bụrụ consonant coda.

Enwere ụda abụọ: ụda dị elu na ụda dị ala. 

## Ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ

### Mgbakwunye mpụta

#### Diminutive na augmentative
Augmentative *-pui* na diminutive *-te* nwere ike ịtinye n'okwu ndị ikwu iji gosi afọ ma ọ bụ nha.

#### okike
Suffixes okike *-pɑ* na *-mɑ* nwere ike nweta onye nrụtụ aka ọhụrụ site na mgbọrọgwụ, dịka ọ dị na *lɑl* 'monarch', *lɑlpɑ* 'eze, na *lɑlnu* 'Queen'.

#### Negation
Negation -ləu nwere ike suffixed na mgbọrọgwụ iji gosi megidere ya, dị ka na *dam* 'ahụ ike' na *damləu* 'na-arịa ọrịa'.

### Ụdị aha
Na Pangkhua, ọ bụ naanị aha mmadụ ka enwere ike ịka akara maka ọtụtụ yana naanị animate akara maka okike. Aha ndị na-emekọrịta ihe na-ekekọrịta ọrụ yiri nkwenye n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ.

## Ntụaka

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* 
* Akter, Zahid (2016). "The Endangermnaanị aha mmadụ ka enwere ike ịka akara maka ọtụtụ yana naanị animate akara maka okike.naanị aha mmadụ ka enwere ike ịka akara maka ọtụtụ yana naanị animate akara maka okike.ent and Documentation of the Pangkhua Language in Bangladesh". In: *EWUCRT Working Paper* no 10. East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
* 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Profaịlụ asụsụ ndị nọ n'ihe egwu maka Panghku
Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations
Asụsụ Ayabadhu

**Ayabadhu** ( *Ayapathu* ), ma ọ bụ **Badhu**, bụ asụsụ ndị Aboriginal Australia na-ekpochapụ nke ezinụlọ Paman nke ndị Ayapathu na-asụ na Cape York Peninsula nke North Queensland, Australia .   : 17 Mpaghara asụsụ Ayabadhu gụnyere Cook Shire na mpaghara Coen na Port Stewart . 

Verstraete na Rigsby (2015) kpebisiri ike na Ayabadhu na Yintyingka, ndị Yintyingka na Lamalama na-asụ ma bụrụ nke a na-akpọbu Ayapathu osimiri, nwere njikọ chiri anya na olumba nke otu asụsụ.  : 51 Ha chọpụtakwara na olumba ndị a "dị iche n'ụdị" na Western Ayapathu .  Aha *Yintjinggu* / *Jintjingga* ejirila maka ma Ayabadhu na asụsụ Umbindhamu gbara agbata obi.  

## fonology

### Udaume

### Consonants

* Consonants nwere ike igosi gemination [Cː] mgbe nọ n'ọnọdụ intervocalic ka syllable mmalite nwere obere ụdaume mesiri ike.
* Enwere ike ịnụ ụda n'etiti nkwụsị dị ka [b, ɡ, d̪, ɟ, d] mgbe a na-eso ụda imi, ma ọ bụ n'ime mmalite nke syllable nke atọ n'ime mkpụrụokwu trisyllablic.
* /t/ nwekwara ike ịnwe allophone trilled [tʳ] n'ime mmalite nke syllable nke abụọ.
* /w/ nwekwara ike ịnụ dị ka mgbakasị ahụ [ β ] ma ọ bụ ihe dị ka [ β̞ ] n'ime ọnọdụ intervocalic. 

## Okwu okwu
Ụfọdụ okwu sitere na asụsụ Ayabadhu, dịka ndị odee Ayabadhu si asụpe ma dee ya gụnyere: 

* *<nowiki/>'Agu* : ala
* *<nowiki/>'Eka* : isi
* *Kaleny* : nwanne
* *Kangka* : akwukwo
* *Ko'on* : magpie goose
* *Kuche* : abuo
* *Mayi* : nri
* *Punga* : anwụ
* *Wanthi punga* : ụbọchị ọma

## Ntụaka
Bungluah, Bungzung, Chawncum, Cintlang, Dongva na olumba Sukte na Kamhau. Ọ bụ asụsụ
Asụsụ Senthang

**Senthang** (Sethang Chin) bụ asụsụ Kuki-Chin-Mizo nke Burma . Olumba Senthang na-ekekọrịta 79% ruo 95% myirịta okwu . 

## Nkesa ala
A na-asụ Senthang na ebe ndị a ( *Ethnologue* ).

* Obodo Hakha, Chin State
* Thantlang Township, Chin State (obodo 2)
* Obodo Gangaw, Magway Region (obodo iri na ise)
* Obodo Kalemyo, Mpaghara Sagaing (obodo 2)

VanBik (2009:55)  depụtara obodo Senthang ndị a: Buanlung, Bungluah, Bungzung, Chawncum, Cintlang, Dongva, Dumva, Hausen, Keizuan, Khuapi, Langpho, Leium, Lichia, Lunghau, Lungrang, Lungtarhaupha, Phhaiwng, Phaiza, Ph. Zathal, Lungkhin, Dinlaupa, Leipi.

## Olumba
*Ethnologue* depụtara olumba Senthang ndị a.

* Surkhua (Lungrang)
* Sumsi
* Sakta
* Central Senthang (Bungzung, Khuapi, Lei-Um, Phaipha)
* Sonse

## Ntụaka
Bungluah, Bungzung, Chawncum, Cintlang, Dongva
Asụsụ Thaiphum

**Thaiphum** (Thaiphum Chin) bụ asụsụ Kuki-Chin ndịda a na-asụ n'ime obodo anọ nke obodo Matupi, Chin State, Burma . Thaiphum na asụsụ ndị agbata obi nwere nghọta nke ọma, dị ka ụdị Khumi nke ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Khenlak, Asang na Rengcaa.  Thaiphum nwere myirịta lexical 72%-75% na Eastern Khumi, 69%-71% na Khumi, 65%-68% na Mrro-Khimi, na 66%-71% na Matu Chin . 

## Ntụaka
agbata obi nwere nghọta nke ọma, dị ka ụdị Khumi
Asụsụ Welaung

**Welaung**, nke a makwaara dị ka **Rawngtu Chin**, bụ asụsụ Kuki-Chin-Mizo a na-akpọ Burma . A na-asụ ya na obodo Mindat, Chin State, yana n'ime ime obodo abụọ nke Htilin, Magway Region . 

Olumba olu Rawngtu, nke gụnyere Kyonnam, Welaung, Boishi, na Shitwanu, na-ekekọrịta 90% myirịta okwu .  Ọtụtụ ndị Rawngtu ghọtara ụdị Kyonnam nke ọma, mana ọ bụghị ndị Matu, ndị na-akọwapụtaghị onwe ha dị ka Rawngtu.  Rawngtu na-ekekọrịta 84%-89% myirịta lexical na Matupi Daai, 67%-74% na Kaang Chin, 71%-83% nwere ụdị Matu, yana ihe na-erughị 70% na Rungtu . 

## Ntụaka
Shitwanu, na-ekekọrịta 90% myirịta okwu

## Hụkwa

* Ndị Taungtha
* Asụsụ Welaung
Asụsụ Vaiphei

**Vaiphei** bụ asụsụ Sino-Tibet nke mpaghara mpaghara asụsụ Zo-Mizo nke otu asụsụ Tibeto-Burman . A na-asụkarị ya na steeti India nke Manipur na nkeji nkeji na Mizoram, Assam, Meghalaya na Tripura . Olumba a na-asụ n'asụsụ Manipur na-egosipụta obere nghọta n'otu n'otu na olumba Zo-Mizo nke mpaghara ahụ gụnyere Thadou, Hmar, Paite, Simte, Mizo na asụsụ Gangte . 

## Nkesa ala
A na-asụ Vaiphei n'ime ihe karịrị obodo 30 nke Lamka District, Southern Manipur ( *Ethnologue* ). Enwekwara ndị na-ekwu okwu na Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram na Tripura

## Ntụaka
Shitwanu, na-ekekọrịta 90% myirịta okwu

## Isi mmalite

*
Asụsụ Zyphe

**Zyphe** (a na-asụkwa **Zophei** ) bụ asụsụ Kuki-Chin a na-asụ n'isi obodo Thantlang, Chin State, Myanmar na a na-asụkwa na India . Ndị Burmese 17,000 na ndị India 3,000 na-asụ ya. Enwere olumba abụọ, ọwụwa anyanwụ Zyphe na ọdịda anyanwụ Zyphe.

## Ntụaka
wa na India . Ndị Burmese

## Njikọ mpụga

* Nchịkọta akwụkwọ asụsụ Zophei nke asụsụ Zophei n'ime ebe nchekwa akụrụngwa Kọmputa maka Asụsụ Ndịda Eshia (CoRSAL)
Asụsụ Rungtu

**Rungtu** ( **Rungtu Chin** ), nke a makwaara dị ka **Taungtha** ( Burmese   ), bụ asụsụ Kuki-Chin nke Burma nke ndị Taungtha na-asụ. A na-asụ ya n'ime obodo iri atọ na ise dị na Htilin, Kyaukhtu, na obodo Saw, Magway Region .  Enwere olumba atọ, ya bụ Northern Rungtu, Central Rungtu na Southern Rungtu.

Olumba olu Rungtu na-ekekọrịta 94%-96% myirịta okwu .  Rungtu na-ekekọrịta 60%-66% myirịta lexical na Rawngtu Chin. 

## Ntụaka
wa na India . Ndị Burmese
Asụsụ Ralte

**Ralte** bụ asụsụ Kuki-Chin nke India . Ihe na-erughị otu puku ndị Ralte na-asụ asụsụ ahụ.

## Nkesa ala
A na-asụ Ralte na ebe ndị a ( *Ethnologue* ).

* Mizoram (nke kachasị mpaghara Aizawl, ma gbasasịa na mpaghara Lunglei na mpaghara Chhimtuipui )
* Manipur
* Jampui Hills, North Tripura district, Tripura

## Okwu okwu
N'okpuru bụ ndepụta Swadesh ntụnyere nke Ralte, Mizo, na Tedim sitere na Otsuka (2016).

## Ntụaka
ndepụta Swadesh ntụnyere nke Ralte asụsụ

* Otsuka, Kosei. 2016. Okwu bụ isi na ederede nke asụsụ Ralte . *Asụsụ Asia na Africa na asụsụ* 10. 325–344.
* Otsuka, Kosei. 2019. Mgbanwe ngwaa stem na Ralte . *GENGO BUNKA KENKYU (ỌMỤMỤ NKE ASỤSỤ NA ỌMỤMALA), Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Gụsịrị Akwụkwọ na Asụsụ na Omenala Mahadum Osaka* 45. 161–178.
* Otsuka, Kosei. 2021. Ntụnyere ụda olu nke Ralte na Proto-Kuki-Chin . *Akwụkwọ asụsụ Mahadum ARIAKE Kumamoto* 20. 21–38.
Asụsụ Rengmitca

**Rengmitca** bụ asụsụ Kuki-Chin nke Bangladesh nọ n'ihe egwu. Ọ dị iche mana ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na asụsụ Khumi na Mr. E nwere ihe na-erughị 30 ọkà okwu fọdụrụ ka nke 2014. Naanị 5 na-ama nke ọma nke ọma, n'afọ niile nke 60.  Mana dịka nke 2021 enwere naanị 6 ndị na-asụ asụsụ a, ọtụtụ n'ime ha karịrị afọ 60. 

A na-asụ Rengmitca n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke obodo Alikadam na ndịda Chittagong Hill Tracts nke Bangladesh. 

Peterson (2017)  na-ekewa Rengmitca dị ka asụsụ Khomic .

## Ntụaka
Naanị 5 na-ama nke ọma nke ọma, n'afọ 

## Isi mmalite

* Peterson, David A. 2013. "Rengmitca: Asụsụ Kuki-Chin nke Bangladesh kacha nọrọ n'ihe ize ndụ." Na Nathan W. Hill na Thomas Owen-Smith, ed. *Asụsụ Trans-Himalayan: Akụkọ gbasara asụsụ na nkọwa nke mpaghara Himalayan*, 313-327. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
* Peterson, David A. 2014. Ọnọdụ dị egwu nke Rengmitca. Akwụkwọ ewepụtara na SoLE-3, Yunnan Nationalities University.

## Njikọ mpụga

* Rediscovery of Rengmitca language in Bandarban[usurped]
Asụsụ Rana Tharu

**Rana Tharu** bụ asụsụ Indo Aryan nke ndị Rana Tharu na-asụ bụ akụkụ nke agbụrụ Tharu na mpaghara Sudurpashchim nke Nepal, kpọmkwem na mpaghara Kanchanpur nke ndịda yana Dhangadhi na mpaghara Kailali .  A na-asụkwa Rana Tharu na mpaghara Uttar Pradesh, India gụnyere mpaghara Lakhimpur Kheri, ọkachasị na Palia Kalan na Chandan Chauki block, nke dị na ókèala India-Nepal . Na mgbakwunye, a na-ekwu ya na mpaghara Udham Singh Nagar nke steeti Uttarakhand . Ọ na-egosipụta nghọta dị elu n'etiti olumba ya, yana pasentị kọrọ sitere na 96% ruo 99%. Asụsụ ahụ nwere ọdịiche dị n'asụsụ nwere olumba na India ma gosipụtakwa myirịta lexical na Awadhi na Buksa .  

N'ihe gbasara njirimara asụsụ, Rana Tharu na-agbaso usoro okwu SOV (Subject-Object-Verb), na-eji nbido, ma nwee aha isi ikpeazụ nhazi. Ọ nwere okike abụọ, na-eji okwu ajụjụ ọdịnaya dị n'ọnọdụ, ma gụnye nchikota nke prefixes na suffixes na morphology ya. Asụsụ ahụ na-egosipụta ike ịdị n'otu, na-eji ụdị anọ akara n'ọgba aghara (n'oge gara aga, ugbu a, ọdịnihu dị nso, ọdịnihu irrealis). Na mgbakwunye, ọ na-egosipụta passives na olu, enweghị ụda olu, ma nwee ngwa ekwentị nke consonant 28 na ụdaume 11. 

A na-eji Rana Tharu eme ihe n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke ndụ, gụnyere n'ụlọ, ndị enyi, na n'ọnọdụ okpukpe. A na-ekwusi okwu ike n'èzí ụlọ dịka n'ebe ọrụ na agụmakwụkwọ. Ndị niile nọ n'obodo na-eji asụsụ ahụ eme ihe nke ọma ma na-eji Hindi na Nepali . 

## Ntụaka
Asụsụ Laymyo

**Asụsụ Laymyo** ( Burmese   ; a kpọkwara **Lemyo** ma ọ bụ Phung lawng) bụ asụsụ Tibeto-Burman a na-asụkarị na steeti ndịda Chin nke Myanmar n'ofe Osimiri Lemro, ebe ọ bụ isi olumba. Ọ bụ asụsụ obodo nke ndị Ma  na ụfọdụ ndị agbụrụ Dai, gụnyere ndị Khawng, Hang na Ma. Asụsụ Laymyo bụ ngalaba Kuki-Chin n'ime ezinụlọ asụsụ Tibeto-Berman . Ndị Laymyo bi na Paletwa Township . Asụsụ Laymyo na-egosipụta atụmatụ dị iche iche mgbe ha na asụsụ ndị agbata obi na-ekerịta ụfọdụ myirịta.

## Mmekọrịta na asụsụ ndị ọzọ
Olumba Laymyo nwere njikọ chiri anya na asụsụ ndị agbụrụ Dai bụ́ ndị bi na Kanpanlet, Matupi, na Mindat na-asụ . Agbanyeghị, asụsụ dị na Laymyo na-egosiputa ụda olu nwayọ yana ọsọ ọsọ. Ọdịiche ndị a kacha pụta ìhè n'akụkụ ederede. Laymyo gosipụtara myirịta lexical na asụsụ Dai, e mere atụmatụ na 90%. Ọ na-ekekọrịta ihe dịka 60% nke lexicon ya na asụsụ Asho yana ihe dịka 20% n'asụsụ Laitu .

## Evolution
Mgbe ndị ozi ala ọzọ nke Ndị Kraịst rutere n'ógbè Laymyo, mgbanwe na echiche ndị mepere emepe pụtara. Otu ozi sitere na Chọọchị Mara Evangelical bịarutere, na 1975, ndị obodo na onye ozi ala ọzọ Rev. Thla Chhau  rụkọrọ ọrụ ọnụ iji mepụta mkpụrụedemede. Na mbụ, ọ yiri mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Mara, ma na mbipụta ndị ọzọ, nke a gbanwere. Ugbu a, a na-eji ya n’akwụkwọ abụ, ekpere na akwụkwọ ozi na ofufe chọọchị, ihe karịrị ụka ise na-ejikwa ya.

## Ụda
Ọ bụ ezie na ndị Dai na ndị òtù Laymyo nwere ike ịkparịta ụka na ịghọta ibe ha nke ọma, asụsụ Laymyo adịghị agbanwe agbanwe, ha na-asụkwa ngwa ngwa. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ụda olu na-adịgasị iche site n'otu obodo gaa na nke ọzọ. Ha na-ekwu nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ekwu okwu n'akụkụ Bu Sen Village  na mpaghara Lemro, ebe ndị bi na Pai Sein Village  na mpaghara Tan Chaung River  na-ekwu okwu dị ka ndị Dai elu.

## Sistemụ Ederede
Mkpụrụedemede Laymyo gbadoro ụkwụ na edemede Rome nwere mkpụrụedemede iri abụọ na ise, gụnyere ihe inyeaka iri nke nwere ihe karịrị otu mkpụrụedemede mana na-emepụta naanị otu ụda. Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-ejikwa mkpụrụedemede " **[[J]]** ".

**N'okpuru bụ mkpụrụedemede 25:**

N'ime mkpụrụedemede ndị a bụ mkpụrụedemede ụdaume **AEIOU AW YA Y NG** . mkpụrụedemede ndị fọdụrụ bụ consonants .

Akwụkwọ ozi inyeaka:

A na-ekpebi ụda ahụ site na mkpụrụedemede dị n'ihu okwu ahụ.

* **M** (a na-akpọ ya na ụda gbachiri agbachi)
* **Ng** (akpọ ya na ụda imi )
* **K** (akpọ ya na ụda guttural )

Okwu mkpụrụedemede atọ ndị dị n'ihu okwu ahụ adịghị mkpa mgbe ha na-ekwu okwu n'olu dara ụda, ma mgbe ị na-eji mkpụrụedemede ahụ, a ghaghị ịhụ ụda ahụ. &#x5B; &#x5D;

## Mkparịta ụka
**Khuihpawi sen byaih** : Ndewo, Hi.

**Na sak ei ki mai?** : Kedu ka ị mere?

**Hngam na seh ze ki nu?** : Ebee ka ị na-aga?

**Buh na ei pyan ngaw?** : Iriela nri?

**Ka nang mkyi** : Daalụ.

**Sak ei byaih** : Kpachapụ anya ma ọ bụ kpachapụ anya.

**Kedu ka u nu?** : Onye ka ị bụ?

**Ih na cai ki nu?** : Kedu ihe ị na-eme?

**Ym lai** : Ndo.

**Nang mlung ka kse byaih** : Agbagharala.

**Ka ry nak** : Obi dị m ụtọ.

## Ntụaka

Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations
Asụsụ Angal

**Angal**, ma ọ bụ **Mendi**, bụ asụsụ Engan nke dị na mpaghara ndịda ugwu nke Papua New Guinea .

Mendi nwere asụsụ pandanus a na-eji n'oge owuwe ihe ubi karuka . 

## Ntụaka
nwere asụsụ
Asụsụ Tedim

**Asụsụ Tedim** bụ asụsụ Tibeto-Burman a na-asụkarị na mpaghara ndịda Indo-Burmese . Ọ bụ asụsụ ala nna nke ebo Tedim nke ndị Zomi, yana ụdị olumba ahaziri ahazi na-ejikọta site na olumba Sukte na Kamhau. Ọ bụ asụsụ ngwaa nke isiokwu-ihe, na mmegide na-eso ngwaa. Ọ bụ asụsụ Paite nwere nghọta.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Zomi bụ asụsụ mbụ Pau Cin Hau, onye ndu okpukpe dịrị ndụ site na 1859 ruo 1948. Ọ chepụtakwara logographic ma mechaa mee ka mkpụrụedemede dị mfe maka ihe odide na Zomi.

## fonology
Enwere ike ịkọwa ụda olu Zomi dị ka (C)V(V)(C)T n'usoro, ebe C na-anọchite anya consonant, V na-anọchi anya ụdaume, T na-anọchi anya ụda olu, na mbodo na-ejikọta nhọrọ nke syllable. 

### Consonants

* Enwere ike ịnụ ihe dị ka [j, w] dị ka allophone nke ụdaume /i̯, u̯/ n'ime diphthongs.
* /x/ nwekwara ike ịnụ dị ka ihe nkwụsị velar na-achọsi ike [kʰ] na mgbanwe efu.

### Udaume

* Ụda /ɛ, ɔ/ nwere ike inwe obere allophone nke dị nso karịa [e, o]. 

### Ụda

## Ntụaka
Asụsụ Lautu

**Lutuv**, nke a na-akpọkarị **Lautu Chin**, bụ asụsụ Kuki-Chin a na-asụ na obodo iri na isii na obodo Matupi, obodo Thantlang na obodo Hakha, Chin State, Myanmar . Olumba Lutuv Chin na-ekekọrịta 90%-97% myirịta okwu .  Lutuv Chin nwere 87%-94% myirịta lexical na Mara Chin, 82%-85% na Zophe Chin, 80%-86% na Senthang Chin . 

Ụlọ ọrụ nyocha asụsụ Chin na onye ntụgharị Lutuv Siy Hne Paa (Sui Hnem Par) enyela nsụgharị nke akwụkwọ dị mkpirikpi iri na Lutuv.  Ọrụ nyocha asụsụ Chin nwekwara ọwa Youtube. 

## Nkesa
A na-asụ Lutuv n'ime obodo ndị a: Hnaring- Hnaring Town, Khyhraw-(Khuahrang), Thaw-aw-(Thang-Aw), Aasaw-(Fanthen), Chuonge (Surngen) Tyise- (Tisen), Setung-(Sentung), Hrepuv (Hriangpi), Saata - (Saate), Lungkyi (Longikant), Lungkyi (Longikant), Lungkyi (Longikant), Lungkyi (Longikant), Leothlaot, Lungkyi - Leot). Zingmaa - (Zuamang) Capaw - (Capaw), Pangtie - (Pintia), La-uu- (La-uu), Lyipuv - (Leipi)

## Ntụaka
enyela nsụgharị nke akwụkwọ dị mkpirikp asụsụ i
Asụsụ Lamkang

**Lamkang** bụ Kuki-Chin nke ndị Lamkang nke Manipur, India, nwere otu obodo na Burma. Ọ dị nnọọ ka asụsụ Anal, ma Manipuri metụtakwara ya dị ka a na-achịkọta ndị mmadụ.

## Nkesa ala
A na-asụ Lamkang n'ebe ndị a ( *Ethnologue* ).

* Mpaghara Chandel, ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Manipur
** Obodo 7 dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Sugunu, Keithelmanbi, Chayang, Purum Pantha, Leingangching, Nungkangching, Komsen, Kurnuching,
** Obodo 7 dị n'etiti Chalong na Mombi New, Kongpe,, Angbrasu, Challong, Paraolon, Lungkharlown, ,M. Seljol, Khuutun,
** c. Obodo 20 dị n'etiti Pallel, obodo Chandel

Thamlakhuren, Lamrinkhuw,Aibuldam,Damjol,Thamlapokpi ( Damloonkhuupii), Leipungtampak (RIndamkhuu), Laiktla, Ksen Khuupii, Lamkang Khunthak, New Lamkang Khunthak, Sektaikarong, Lamkang Khunou), Mankhuujan, Mankhuujan, Mankhuujan, Mankhuujan, Mankhuujan, Mankhuujan, Mankhuujan, Mankhujan, Mankhujan, Manhang, Mann, Mankhuujan, Mank, Mann, Mank, Pandang, Ringhang, Ringhang. P.RaalRingkhuu, Angkhel Chayang, Deeringkhuu, Daampii, Khuutii,Charancghing Khunkha, Chanrangching khunou,

* Nagaland : Kohima na Dimapur-Laamkang Colony

## Ntụaka
enyela nsụgharị nke akwụkwọ dị mkpirikpi iri na Lutuv
Asụsụ Latu

**Latu** bụ asụsụ Austronesia a na-asụ na agwaetiti Seram dị na Moluccas dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Indonesia . Ọ dị nso na Saparua n'asụsụ asụsụ.

## Ntụaka
Asụsụ obodo
Asụsụ Anāl

**Anāl**, nke a makwaara dị ka **Namfau** mgbe obodo abụọ ndị bụ isi na-asụ ya, bụ asụsụ Northern Kukish, akụkụ nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Sino-Tibet, nke ndị Anal na-asụ na India na ọnụ ọgụgụ na-ebelata na Burma . O nwere ndị na-ekwu okwu 13,900 na India dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ 2001 siri dị, yana 50 na Burma na 2010.  Ndị na-asụ asụsụ a na-eji asụsụ Meitei dị ka asụsụ nke abụọ ha (L2) dịka Ethnologue si kwuo. 

Ngalaba nhazi asụsụ na mmejuputa gọọmentị nke Manipur na-enye nchikota ₹ 5,000    ., nye onye ọ bụla na-amụ asụsụ Anal, n'okpuru usoro na ọnọdụ ụfọdụ. 

Edekwara Anal n'edemede Latịn,  nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ mmuta nke ihe dịka 74%. 

Langt nwere ike ịbụ olumba, n'agbanyeghị na ọnọdụ ya n'ime Kukish ejighị n'aka (Shafer 1955:106). [ chọrọ mmelite ]

## Nkesa ala
A na-asụ Anal na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Manipur, na mpaghara Chandel, n'akụkụ osimiri Chakpi n'obodo ndị dị ka Chandel na Chakpikarong, nakwa na mpaghara Tengnoupal ( *Ethnologue* ).

## fonology

### Consonants

/dʒ/ nwekwara ike ịnụ dị ka glide [j] na mgbanwe efu.

### Udaume

## Okwu okwu
Okwu ndị a na-egosi ihe atụ okwu n'asụsụ ahụ. 

## Ntụaka

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ

*  
*  

## Njikọ mpụga

* Nchịkọta ELAR: Akwụkwọ sitere n'obodo maka okwu okike na Anal, asụsụ Tibeto-Burman dị egwu nke Pavel Ozerov debere
* Anal DoReCo corpus nke Pavel Ozerov chịkọtara. Ndekọ odiyo nke ederede akụkọ, nwere oge ndegharị ahazi na ọkwa ekwentị yana ntụgharị asụsụ.
Asụsụ Laitu

**Laitu** "လေးတူ" (Letu Chin) bụ asụsụ Kuki-Chin nke Burma . Ọ na-aghọta nke ọma na Sumtu Chin . Na Sittwe District, Rakhine State, a na-asụ Laitu na Minbya, Mrauk-U, na obodo Myebon, a na-asụkwa ya na obodo Paletwa, Chin State . Laitu nwere myirịta lexical 91-96% na Sumtu Chin na Songlai Chin, 85-89% myirịta na Chinbon Chin, na 82-84% myirịta lexical na Asho . 

## Olumba
*Ethnologue* depụtara olumba Letu ndị a. Olumba dị iche na iyi (ọwa mmiri).

* iyi Panmyaunggyi (Laitu)
* Phuntha Stream (Doitu, Kongtu)
* Mpaghara Yangon-Sittwe Asia Highway nke obodo Minbya na obodo Myebon. (Laịtu)

Onye nnọchi anya mpaghara abụọ a gbakwunyere.

* Sen Stream (Doitu, Kongtu)
* Osimiri Laymro (Mang Un, Song na Laitu)

 *A na-emelite ụdị a na 2024 Ọktoba 11.*

## Ntụaka
Laitu nwere myirịta lexical asụsụ  olumba Letu
Asụsụ Kuri (Austronesian)

**Kuri**, ma ọ bụ **Nabi**, bụ obere asụsụ Austronesia nke Bomberai Peninsula nke New Guinea. Lexically ọ dị nso na Irarutu .

## Nkesa
Ebe: 

* Mpaghara Kuri na Teluk Bintuni Regency
* Teluk Arguni District na Arguni Bawah District na Kaimana Regency : Pigo, Maskur, Tantura, Ergara, Kaimana, Tiwara, Owa, Bayeda, Moyana, Kokoroba, Nagura, Tugarni, Mahuwa, Fidumsa, Wawarsi, Tanusa, Warami, Baru, Tiwam, Mahua, Cowa, Bungsur, Wangsur, Bobugwar, Weweda, Bobugrwa, Saura, Bobugwer, Saura, Wangsur, Wangsur, Wangsur, Wangsur, Wangsur, Wangsur, Wangsur, Wangsur, Wawarsi Burugrwa. Warmetia, Gusi, Afuafu, Burgerba, Mandiwa, Ukiara, Tuguwawa, Taner, Suga, Bufeur, Yainsei, Idoor, na Waromi.

## Ntụaka
Owa, Bayeda, Moyana asụsụ asụsụ
Asụsụ Buruwai

**Buruwai**, makwaara dị ka **Sabakor** ma ọ bụ **Madewana**, bụ asụsụ Asmat–Kamoro a na-asụ na Buruway District, Kaimana Regency, West Papua .

## Ntụaka
asụsụ obodo
Asụsụ Watiwa

Ihe dị ka mmadụ 500 bi n’ime ime obodo isii dị na Madang Province, Papua New Guinea na-asụ ya, gụnyere Bebei 

A na-akpọkarị ya **Dumpu**, mana nke a bụ aha otu n'ime obodo isii ahụ, a naghị anabata ya dị ka aha maka asụsụ ahụ. N'ịlanarị dị ka asụsụ nzuzo nke ha ga-eji na-ekwurịta n'etiti onwe ha mgbe ndị si mba ọzọ nọ,  ọtụtụ ndị na-ekwu okwu na-eji Tok Pisin na ndụ kwa ụbọchị. N'ihi iji ya na-esiwanye ike, a na-eme atụmatụ na asụsụ a ga-apụ n'anya n'ime iri afọ ole na ole. 

## Ntụaka
maka ma ngwa ngwa na nke
Asụsụ Bedoana

**Bedoanas** bụ obere asụsụ Austronesian nke dị n'akụkụ oke osimiri nke Bomberai Peninsula . Ndị na-ekwu okwu Bedoanas bi n'ime obodo Andamata, Fior na Furir na mpaghara Arguni, Fakfak Regency .

## Ntụaka
ihe nrịbama ebubo na-eji ma
Asụsụ Sowanda

**Sowanda** bụ asụsụ Papuan nke Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea, nwere narị di na nwunye na-asụ asụsụ Papua Indonesian .

## Olumba
Enwere ụdị atọ dị iche iche, Waina, Punda na Umeda, nke nwere ike ịbụ asụsụ dị iche iche. A na-asụ nke ọ bụla n'ime obodo atọ dị iche iche nke Walsa Rural LLG na Sandaun Province :  

* Obodo Waina 

## Ntụaka
iche iche, Waina, Punda
Asụsụ Bosmun

**Bosman** (Bosmun, Bosngun) bụ asụsụ Ramu nke Papua New Guinea . A na-asụ obodo ise nke Dongan ward, Yawar Rural LLG, Madang Province 

Dị ka Watam, ọ na-ekerịta ọtụtụ akara akara oge na-adịghị agafe agafe na asụsụ Sepik Lower, na-akwado atụmatụ nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Ramu - Lower Sepik.

## Ntụaka
adịghị agafe agafe

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ọrụ Rosetta: Ndepụta Bosmun Swadesh
Asụsụ Logooli

**Logooli** (aha ọzọ: Lugooli, Llugule, Llogole, Luragoli, Uluragooli, Maragooli, Maragoli, ma ọ bụ Ragoli; aha obodo: *Lulogooli* ) bụ asụsụ Bantu a na-asụ na Kenya.

## Hụkwa

* Asụsụ Great Lakes Bantu

## Ntụaka
asusu asụsụ
Asụsụ Yuat

**Asụsụ Yuat** bụ ezinụlọ nọọrọ onwe ha nwere asụsụ Papuan ise a na-asụ n'akụkụ Osimiri Yuat dị na East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea . Ha bụ ezinaụlọ nọọrọ onwe ha na nhazi ọkwa Malcolm Ross, mana etinyere ya na atụmatụ Sepik–Ramu nke Stephen Wurm. Otú ọ dị, Foley na Ross enweghị ike ịhụ ihe ọ bụla na-egosi na ha nwere ihe jikọrọ ha na asụsụ Sepik ma ọ bụ Ramu.

Aha ya bụ Osimiri Yuat nke ugwu Papua New Guinea . A na-asụkarị asụsụ Yuat na Yuat Rural LLG nke East Sepik Province .  

## Asụsụ
Asụsụ Yuat kwesịrị ekwesị bụ:

* Mekmek
* Kyenele (Miyak)
* Biwat (Mundugumor)
* Bun

## Nhazi
Foley (2018) na-enye nhazi ọkwa ndị a. 

; Ezinụlọ 

* Changriwa
* Mekmek
* Miyak ; Bun, Mundukumo ( Biwat )

A na-agbapụta Changriwa na Mekmek naanị site na obere okwu, ma na-achịkọta ya dịka alaka dị iche iche site na Foley (2018: 226) n'ihi ntakịrị ihe akaebe.

## Nkpọaha
Mkpọaha aha Ross (2005) wughachiri maka proto-Yuat bụ:

Mkpọaha Mundukumo na Miyak bụ: 

## Ntụnyere okwu
Okwu okwu ndị a bụ isi sitere na Davies & Comrie (1985),  dịka ekwuru na nchekwa data Trans-New Guinea. 

Okwu ndị ahụ e zoro aka na ha bụ ntụgharị ntụgharị, ma ha bụ cognate (eg *ŋkaᵐbaᵐgat∘*, *ŋgambaŋ* maka “ụkwụ”) ma ọ bụ na ha abụghị (eg *fufuimaye*, *ϕə'ziru* maka “ntutu”).

## Ụtọ asụsụ
Asụsụ Yuat na-amata aha nnọchiaha mmadụ nke mbụ gụnyere yana naanị ya, njirimara anaghị ahụ ya n'ọtụtụ asụsụ Papuan ndị ọzọ. Njirimara ụdị ọrịa a esikwa na Yuat gbasaa n'asụsụ Grass, nke a na-asụ na asụsụ Yuat. 

Ụtọ ụtọ asụsụ Yuat na ụda ụda yiri nke asụsụ Ramu gbara agbata obi.  Ụdị okwu ọnụ nke Yuat dị nnọọ mfe.  : 230 

Asụsụ Yuat na- ebo ebubo, n'adịghị ka ọtụtụ asụsụ Papuan ndị ọzọ, dịka, Trans New Guinea, East Cenderawasih Bay, Lakes Plain, South Bougainville, bụ ndị niile na-asọ oyi . 

Usoro okwu n'asụsụ Yuat, dị ka n'asụsụ Yawa, bụ SOV siri ike, ebe n'ọtụtụ ezinụlọ Papuan ndị ọzọ, a na-anabatakarị usoro okwu OSV (ọ bụrụhaala na ngwaa ahụ bụ nke ikpeazụ).  : 920 

## Hụkwa

* Asụsụ Maramba, asụsụ nwere ike ịsị na-edepụtakarị dị ka Yuat.
* Asụsụ ndị elu Yuat

## Ntụaka
 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nchekwa data asụsụ Yuat na TransNewGuinea.org
Asụsụ Mufian

**Mufian** (Muhian, Muhiang), ma ọ bụ **Southern Arapesh**, bụ asụsụ Arapesh ( Torricelli ) nke Papua New Guinea . Olumba bụ *Supari, Balif, Filifita (Ilahita), Iwam-Nagalemb, Nagipaem* ; Ndị na-asụ Filifita bụ ọkara ndị mmadụ, na 6,000 na 1999.  A na-asụ ya n'ime obodo 36, ọtụtụ n'ime ha dị n'ime Bumbita-Muhian Rural LLG, East Sepik Province . A na-asụkwa ya na ngalaba Supari nke Albiges-Mablep Rural LLG .  

## fonology

/ʔʷ/ bụ nkwụsị glottal agbakọtara ọnụ nke na-eme ka egbugbere ọnụ na-eme naanị n'ọnọdụ okwu ikpeazụ.  : 311 

## Nkpọaha
Mkpọaha aha ndịda Arapesh bụ: 

## Klas aha
Enwere klaasị iri na asaa maka ịgụta aha na Mufian, gbakwunyere klaasị abụọ, ya bụ aha kwesịrị ekwesị na aha ebe. A na-akọwapụta klaasị aha aha na suffixes, adjective suffixes, na prefixes ngwaa.

Ọ bụ ezie na Southern Arapesh nwere ihe karịrị klaasị iri na abuo, ọ bụ naanị klas anọ ka a na-ekpebi site na semantics, ebe a na-ekpebi klaasị aha ndị ọzọ na phonologically site na iji akụkụ mgbọrọgwụ ikpeazụ (nke a na-ahụkarị nke asụsụ Sepik Lower ). Klaasị aha anọ a ekpebiela n'usoro bụ: 

* klas 16: ndị nwoke na-ezo aka
* klas 8: ụmụ nwanyị na-ezo aka
* Klas 5: Ndị na-ezo aka n'ihe gbasara mmekọahụ na-akọwaghị (ma eleghị anya ọ dị ntakịrị, ebe ọ bụ na ụmụaka gụnyere)
* Klas 6: ndị na-ezo aka n'ihe gbasara mmekọahụ

A na-ekpebi ndị otu klaasị iri na abụọ ndị ọzọ n'ụdị ụda olu, site na akụkụ ikpeazụ nke mgbọrọgwụ, dị ka ọ dị n'asụsụ Sepik Lower . 

Ụfọdụ ihe atụ nke klaasị aha Mufian sitere na Alungum (1978): 

Enwere ezighi ezi ole na ole na klaasị aha ndị a. 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Paradaịsc nwere nchịkọta ihe na Don Laycock ( DL1 ) nke gụnyere ihe Mufian

## Ntụaka
Asụsụ Kapriman

**Kapriman** (ma ọ bụ **Sare**  ) bụ asụsụ Sepik a na-asụ na East Sepik Province, Papua-New Guinea . Aha ndị ọzọ bụ *Mugumute, Wasare* .

## fonology

Alablak nwekwara otu usoro ụdaume. 

## Ntụaka
n'ọtụtụ asụsụ Papuan, ọ dị
Asụsụ Nyanza nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ

**Asụsụ East Nyanza** na-etolite otu obere asụsụ Great Lakes Bantu a na-asụ na Kenya na Tanzania .

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Ndị na-ekwu okwu Proto-East Nyanza kwagara na mpaghara Mara na 100 AD wee kewaa ngalaba Suguti na Mara gburugburu 300 AD. Ka ndị na-asụ asụsụ Nyanza mbụ nke East si kwaga na mpaghara Mara (ma mesịa, ọdịda anyanwụ Kenya), ha zutere ndị South Cushitic na ndị Kuliak, bụ ndị ha na-etinye uche na ya ma bụrụ ndị omenala na-emetụta ya. Otu ngalaba nke ndịda Nilotic nke ndịda Nilotic nke na-ekpochapụ ugbu a metụtakwara ha bụ ndị si n'ebe ugwu na-akwaga n'otu oge ahụ na ndị East Nyanza. Ndị mbụ East Nyanza bụ ndị matrilineal, nke nyeere ha aka n'imebata ụmụ nwoke Kuliak, Kushitic na Nilotic n'ime obodo ha.   

## Nhazi
Asụsụ East Nyanza bụ nkewa n'ime nchekwa data Glottolog dịka ndị a: 
 

## Ntụaka
Anne Lykke

Anne Lykke (30 Eprel 1595 - 1641) bụ nwanyị ama ama ama ama na eze nwanyị nke Onye Kraịst, Onye Ọchịchị Ọchịchị Denmark. . 

## Oge ọ malitere
A mụrụ Anne Henriksdatter Lykke n'otu n'ime ezinaụlọ ndị nwere ọganihu na Denmark. Ọ bụ ada nke onye isi obodo Henrik Lykke (1555–1611) na Karen Frandsdatter Banner (1559–1616). A mụrụ ya na Vordingborg Castle, ebe nna ya bụ sheriff. N'ime 1615, Anne lụrụ onye isi obodo Cai Rantzau (1591-1623), gọvanọ nke ọtụtụ ụlọ eze. Na 1616, a mụrụ naanị nwa ya nwanyị, ada Sophie, (1616-1635) na Copenhagen Castle ebe Rantzau bụ sheriff. Na 1621, a họpụtara Rantzau General Commissioner nke agha maka ndị agha Danish na Holstein. Ọ nwụrụ na 1623, mgbe Anne dị afọ 27. Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, Anne weghaara nlekọta nke ụlọ ndị ahụ ruo mgbe ebibiri akwụkwọ ndekọ ego ahụ.

## Mmekọrịta ya na Prince Christian
N'ime Mee 1625, Eze Christian nke Anọ nke Denmark malitere agha nke e mesịrị mara na Denmark na Norway dị ka The Emperor War (*Kejserkrigen*). Site na Eze Christian na-achịkwa n'ọgbọ agha, a họpụtara Prince Christian dị ka onye isi ọchịchị. N'afọ 1626, e jidere Anne site n'iwu nke Eze Christian, onye chere na mmetụta o nwere n'ebe nwa ya nwoke nọ mere ka nwa ya nwoke ghara ịchị mgbe eze nọ ná mba ọzọ. A tọọrọ Anne na Nyborg, jide ya ma ziga ya na Bohus Fortress. Njide ahụ kpatara esemokwu n'etiti eze na kansụl steeti ebe ọ bụ na ọ bụ mmebi iwu doro anya ịtụ onye a ma ama mkpọrọ n'enweghị ikpe. Ọ jụrụ ịnabata okwu mbụ nke eze maka ntọhapụ ya. Eze boro ya ebubo na ọ were onye amoosu, Lamme Heine, n'ọrụ iji merụọ ya ahụ. O mere atụmatụ ka e kpee ya ikpe maka amoosu. N'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 1627, e gbochiri ikpe ahụ n'ihi mwakpo ndị Germany. Ma Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly na Albrecht von Wallenstein ebiela na duchies na peninsula dum nke Jutland. E nwekwara mmegide na ntinye aka nke ndị dị ike na Denmark, gụnyere nne eze, Queen Dowager Sophie. N'afọ 1628, a tọhapụrụ Anne na ọnọdụ na ọ ga-anabata njide ụlọ ya.

## Ndụ e mesịrị
N'afọ 1629, Anne lụrụ onye ọgaranya Knud Ulfeldt (1600-1646), nwa Chancellor nke ala Jacob Ulfeldt. Knud Ulfeldt tụfuru ọnọdụ ya dị ka marshal nke ụlọ ikpe ma ọ bụ naanị mgbe Anne nwụsịrị na 1641 ka ọ laghachiri dị ka Lord Chamberlain.

## Ihe odide
Levette J. Davidson

Levette J. Davidson bụ ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara akụkọ ifo nke obodo, ọkachasị nke Colorado na West. A mụrụ ya na Eureka, Illinois May 16, 1894, otu n'ime ụmụ anọ. N'ihi na nwanne nna ya ochie bụ onye isi oche nke Eureka College, ụlọ akwụkwọ seminarị nke Ndị Kraịst, Davidson zụlitere na ndò ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ na nhọrọ nke ịghọ onye nkụzi ma ọ bụ onye nkwusa. Ọ họọrọ nkuzi wee nye ya B.A. si Eureka na 1915. Otu afọ ka e mesịrị, ọ natara A.M. nzere site na Mahadum Illinois ebe ọ natara Phi Beta Kappa nsọpụrụ. Na 1917 ọ nwetara MA ya na sayensị mmekọrịta ọha na eze na akụkọ ihe mere eme na Mahadum Harvard. __N'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ, ọ jere ozi na ndị agha nke iri nke ngalaba nke iri anọ na isii ma bụrụkwa onye agha na ọgụgụ isi. Davidson na nwunye ya Mary, bụkwa onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Eureka, lụrụ na 1918. Na njedebe nke agha ahụ, Davidson n'otu oge kụziri ma mụọ na Mahadum Michigan ebe ọ nwetara Ph.D. n'asụsụ na akwụkwọ na 1922. Ọ bịarutere Denver ka afọ ahụ gachara wee malite nkuzi na Mahadum Denver. Tupu ọ bịarute na Colorado, ọpụrụiche agụmakwụkwọ ya bụ narị afọ nke iri na asatọ England. N'otu oge na Denver, ọ ghọtara na akwụkwọ Western na akụkọ ifo ga-abụ ọrụ ndụ ya. Davidson kụziri na Mahadum Denver ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1957. Isiokwu ọmụmụ ya sitere na ọmụmụ Shakespeare na akwụkwọ Bekee ndị ọzọ, na akụkọ ifo na West. Ọ malitere nkuzi ide akụkọ ma mechaa hiwe ngalaba ntaakụkọ na mahadum yana bọọdụ mbipụta na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi. Ọ bụ onye nkuzi mbụ a họpụtara ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche nke Senate University. Na 1940 ọ ghọrọ onye isi nke Ngalaba Bekee na site na Machị ruo Ọgọst 1953 ọ jere ozi dị ka Chancellor nwa oge. N'oge ọ na-eche n'ọkwa ya, o kwuru, sị: O siri ike inwe nzukọ na campus nke m na-ejikọtabeghị n'otu oge ma ọ bụ ọzọ. Akpọrọ Davidson onye nkuzi Mahadum maka 1956. Davidson bụ onye isi otu Colorado State Historical Society, Association of Modern Languages ​​Association, American Folklore Society, na American Dialect Society. Ọ bụ onye otu iwu nke Denver Posse of the Westerners, otu nzukọ raara onwe ya nye ọdịnala ọdịda anyanwụ. N'oge ezumike, Davidson mere nnyocha, dee ihe osise maka egwuregwu, ma dee ọtụtụ isiokwu. O nyere aka na magazin dịgasị iche iche site na Western American ruo *Shakespeare Quarterly*. Tụkwasị na nke a, Davidson dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ gbasara akụkọ ọdịnala. Ihe a ma ama bụ Rocky Mountain Tales, nke na-egosi akụkọ ọdịnala mpaghara yana akụkọ eziokwu banyere ihe ndị mere n'oge mbụ n'ógbè ahụ. Levette Davidson nwụrụ na Mee 14, 1957.

## Edemsibia
Liberal naturalism

Naturalism nke nnwere onwe bụ ụdị heterodox nke eke nkà ihe ọmụma nke na-ajụ ma sayensị (ma ọ bụ reductive) eke okike na ike karịrị nke mmadụ. Ọ na-enye ohere ka mmadụ nwee ike ịkwanyere nkọwa na nsonaazụ nke sayensị na-aga nke ọma n'echeghị na sayensị bụ naanị ihe enyemaka maka ịghọta ụmụ mmadụ na mmekọrịta ụwa na ibe ha.

## Nchịkọta
Okwu a bụ "liberal naturalism" kọwara ma gbasaa na 2004 site n'aka Mario De Caro & David Macarthur[1] na, n'adabereghị, site n'aka Gregg Rosenberg.[2] Ekenyere Immanuel Kant ụdị a nke okike.[3] Na ọrụ De Caro, liberal naturalism na-etolite dị ka a nwayọọ metaphysical realism; ebe na ọrụ Macarthur liberal naturalism jikọtara ya na metaphysical quietism wee meghee n'ime nkà ihe ọmụma nke ihe ngosi.

Maka onye na-ahụ maka ihe okike, ọtụtụ ihe n'ụwa anyị kwa ụbọchị nke a na-apụghị ịkọwa (ma ọ bụ na-apụtaghị n'ụzọ zuru ezu) site na sayensị bụ, n'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, sayensị - dịka, tebụl, ndị mmadụ, ọrụ nka, ụlọ ọrụ, ụkpụrụ na ụkpụrụ ezi uche dị na ya. Ịkọwa ihe ndị dị otú ahụ nwere ike ịchọ ihe ndị na-abụghị nke sayensị, ihe ndị na'abụghị ihe okike dịka ụdị okike a si dị. Ya mere, kama ịhazi ontology ha na ọnọdụ nke sayensị na-aga nke ọma, dị ka ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nwere onwe ha na-eme, ndị na-ahụ maka ihe ndị e kere eke na-amata eziokwu nke ihe ndị a na-apụghị ibelata kwa ụbọchị bụ akụkụ nke ihe Wilfrid Sellars kpọrọ "ihe oyiyi doro anya".

Nnwere onwe naturalism bụ "nnwere onwe"  ma ọ bụ "Katọlik"  naturalism maka ọtụtụ ihe kpatara ya nke ọ bụla n'ime ha dị iche na sayensị orthodoxy:

# Ọ naghị egbochi nkwenye ontological ya na nkọwa nke sayensị na-aga nke ọma.
# Ọ na-ekweta ịdị adị nke ụzọ ndị na-abụghị nke sayensị nke ịmara na / ma ọ bụ nghọta dị ka uru nke ọrụ nka, akụkụ omume nke ndị mmadụ, na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ihe kpatara ya n'ụdị dị iche iche; 
# Ọ na-enye ohere maka akụkụ nke mbụ nke onye ọrụ ezi uche dị ka ime ka uche mmadụ, ibu ọrụ maka omume mmadụ, na ịma onwe ya.
# Ọ na-anwa inye akụkọ na-abụghị nke na-ebelata, nke na-abụghị ihe karịrị nke mmadụ banyere usoro ezi uche ma ọ bụ echiche nke ndị mmadụ na-emeghachi omume na arụmụka bara uru, dịka ọmụmaatụ, site na ịrịọ arịrịọ maka echiche Hegelian ma ọ bụ pragmatist nke nkwenye ibe ha n'ime obodo; 
# Ọ na-agbagha echiche Quinean nwere mmetụta zuru oke na nkà ihe ọmụma, mgbe ọ bụ nwa amaala, ga-ejedebe onwe ya na usoro nke sayensị na-aga nke ọma.

## Hụkwa

* Ihe Ndị Na-eme n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ
* Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke okike
* Ihe okike e dere n'ụdị uri
* Hylomorphism

## Ihe edeturu

## Edemsibia
Asụsụ Rendille

**Rendille** (a makwaara dị ka **Rendile**, **Randile** ) bụ asụsụ Afro-Asiatic nke ndị Rendille bi na ugwu Kenya na-asụ. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke alaka Kushitic ezinụlọ. 

Ndị otu Ariaal nke Rendille, ndị sitere na Nilotic na ndị Kushitic agwakọta, na-asụ asụsụ Nilo-Saharan Samburu nke Samburu Nilotes, bụ ndị ha bi nso.  

## fonology

### Consonants

* /tɕ/ nwere ike ịnụ ka [ɕ] ụfọdụ ndị na-ekwu okwu.
* Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà okwu na-akpọkarị /x/ dị ka nkwụsị uvular [q].
* Enwere ike ịnụ [ʕ] dị ka ụdị n'efu nke /ħ/, ma ọ bụ mgbe a na-anụ /ħ/ n'ọnọdụ intervocalic.
* Ụda olu na-aghọ enweghị olu mgbe ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ ikpeazụ.
* /b/ nwere ike ịkpọ dị ka [p] mgbe ọ na-ebu ụzọ / ħ/, ma ọ bụ dị ka esemokwu [β] na ọnọdụ intervocalic.
* /r/ nwekwara ike wepụta onwe ya dị ka [r̥] n'ọnọdụ mmalite okwu, a na-anụkwa ya mgbe niile ka etinyere ya na ọnọdụ ikpeazụ.
* Enwere ike ịnụ /d̪/ n'efu dị ka onye mmekọ [d̪ð], a pụkwara ịnụ ya dị ka esemokwu [ð] n'ọnọdụ mkparịta ụka.
* /x/ nwekwara ike ịnụ dị ka ihe mmekọ [qχ] mgbe ị na-eso ụda imi.

### Udaume

* A na-anụkarị ụdaume /i, u, e, o/ dị ka lax [ɪ, ʊ, ɛ, ɔ].

## Ihe ndetu
asụsụ Afro-Asiatic nke ndị Rendille bi na ugwu Kenyaasụsụ Afro-Asiatic nke ndị Rendille bi na ugwu Kenya

## Ntụaka

* Harold C. Fleming, "Baiso na Rendille: Somali Outliers", *Rassegna di Studi Etiopici*, 20 (1964), p. 35–96.
* Antoinette Oomen. 1981. "Gender na otutu na Rendille," *Afroasiatic Linguistics* 8:35-75.
* Steve Pillinger na Letiwa Galboran. 1999. *Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Rendille, gụnyere ndepụta okwu grammatical na ndepụta Bekee-Rendille* . Ọmụmụ Asụsụ Kushitic Mpịakọta 14. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
* Heine, Bernd. 1976. *Ihe ndetu na Asụsụ Rendille* . Na Afrika und Übersee LIX. 176-223
* Günther Schlee. 1978. *Sprachliche Studien zum Rendille* . Hamburger Philologische Studien 46. Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag.
* Ronald J. Sim. 1981. "Morphophonemics nke ngwaa na Rendille," *Afroasiatic Linguistics* 8:1-33.
Ezra Zion Melamed

Rabbi Ezra Zion Melamed (Hibru, kwa ע"צ מל Gaming, November 22, 1903[1] - March 9, 1994[2]) bụ onye Israel Bible na Talmudic ọkà mmụta, onye dere akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Aramaic. A mụrụ ya na Shiraz, Persia na 1903 na Rabbi.  Ndị Juu Peshia nke Jerusalem.

## Ọrụ

* 
* 
* 

## Ihe odide
Asụsụ ndị Quichean

**Asụsụ Quichean (Karịrị)** bụ alaka nke ezinụlọ Mayan nke Guatemala.

## Asụsụ

* Qichean kwesịrị ekwesị
** Kaqchikel (Cakchiquel)
** Tz'utujil
** Quiche–Achi: Kʼicheʼ (Quiché), Achiʼ
* Q'eqchi' (Kekchi)
* Pokom: Poqomam, Poqomchiʼ
* Uspantek
* Sakapultek
* Sipakapense

alt=Genealogy of Mayan languages.|center|500x500px| Usoro ọmụmụ nke asụsụ Mayan.
Hụ asụsụ Mayan # Alaka Ọwụwa Anyanwụ maka nkọwapụta.

## Hụkwa
Asụsụ obodo

* K'iche' nke oge gboo

## Ntụaka
List of Roman Catholic dioceses in Nigeria

alt=Traditional Catholic Digital Graphics (1)|áká_ịkẹngạ|Ihe osise dijitalụ nke Katọlik (1)
Ụka Katọlik dị na Naịjirịa bụ ndị isi Latịn, sonye na ọgbakọ Episcopal nke mba Nigeria, na otu Eastern Catholic (transnational) hụ, gụnyere:

* 9 Latin rite ecclesiastical provinces, nke ọ bụla n'okpuru Metropolitan Achịbishọp, na ngụkọta nke 44 suffragan dioceses
* otu onye ozi ala ọzọVicariate nke ndịozi
* otu diocese Maronite, maka Western na Central Africa niile

Enweghị aha. Ikike niile na-adịghịzi adị nwere onye nọchiri ya ugbu a.

Enwere Apostolic Nunciature (onye nnọchite anya diplomatic papal na ọkwa nnọchi anya gọọmentị) na Nigeria na isi obodo mba, Abuja. Ọ na-akwado ndị popu Permanent Observer to Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).

## Ndị Katọlik nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ

### A gụpụrụ ya (n'okpuru Holy See)

* Maronite Catholic Eparchy of Annunciation of Ibadan, na-ahụ na Ibadan, Oyo steeti

## Ihe Latin na-ahụ ugbu a
 

## Hụkwa
Asụsụ Samia

**Samia** (Saamia) bụ asụsụ Bantu nke ndị Luhya nke Uganda na Kenya na-asụ. *Ethnologue* gụnyere Songa dị ka olumba, mana ọ nwere ike ịbụ asụsụ dị iche. 

## Hụkwa

* Asụsụ Luhya

## Ntụaka
Asụsụ obodo
Esther Schor

thumb|Esther Schor
Esther H. Schor bụ ọkà mmụta America, onye ode akwụkwọ, na prọfesọ nke ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ Juu nke America na Mahadum Princeton.  Mgbe o mechara Ph.D.  site na Mahadum Yale na 1985, ọ bụbu Prọfesọ nke Bekee na Princeton kemgbe 1986, ebe o lekwasịrị anya na isiokwu ndị dị ka British Romanticism na Juu Omenala.  Schor bụ onye dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ, gụnyere The Forward, The New York Times Book Review, na The Times Literary Supplement. 

Na 2006, Schor dere biography nke American nwaanyị Emma Lazaros, na-akpọ Emma Lazaros;  Akwụkwọ ahụ meriri ihe nrite akwụkwọ ndị Juu nke mba 2006 na ngalaba ndị Juu America.

N'afọ 2016, Schor bipụtara Bridge of Words, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Esperanto yana ihe ndekọ nke onwe nke ahụmahụ ya dị ka onye Esperantist.  Ka ọ na-erule oge ewepụtara akwụkwọ ahụ, Schor etinyela aka na mmegharị Esperanto ruo afọ asaa, [1] ma dee akụkọ mbụ [2] wee nye okwu TEDxRoma nke isiokwu ya bụ "The Transformative Vision of Esperanto" na isiokwu a.[3]  Akwụkwọ ahụ nwetara ntụle dị iche iche site n'aka ndị nkatọ agụmagụ, ndị nyocha na-eto omimi nke nyocha akwụkwọ ahụ na ụfọdụ ndị odee na-akatọ ntinye nke ọdịnaya nke onwe.  Ndị ọkà mmụta Esperanto nabatara ya nke ọma, site n'ide ihe:Ọrụ Schor abụghị ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ na nke agụmakwụkwọ, ọ bụ ezie na ọnụọgụ na ogo nke ihe edeturu na-akwado arụmụka ahụ dị egwu. Ya mere, enwere ike ịgụ akwụkwọ ahụ dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ. Ọzọkwa, ụdị asụsụ Schor bụ ezigbo obi ụtọ maka onye na-agụ ya.Schor edeela mpịakọta abụọ nke uri mbụ, [1] gụnyere The Hills of Holland na 2002 na Strange Nursery na 2012. N'afọ 2022, e nyere Schor Guggenheim Fellowship maka akụkọ ndụ ya na-abịanụ nke onye ọkà ihe ọmụma America Horace Kallen, nke o kwuru na ọ ga-ele anya n'iji okwu ahụ bụ "Ọdịbendị dị iche iche".

## Ndepụta nke ọrụ

### Akụkọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo

* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

### Abụ uri

* 
* 

## Ihe odide

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
List of MBGN Titles

Nwa agbọghọ Kachasị Mma na Nigeria—nke a na-akpọkwa MBGN—bụ asọmpi nke Silverbird Group haziri nke nwere ebumnuche izipu ndị nnọchi anya asọmpi mba ụwa.

## Ndị nwere aha
Ruo n'afọ 2007, ọ bụ naanị ndị mmeri MBGN ka e zigara mba ọzọ iji nọchite anya mba ahụ na ọkwa mba ụwa. Kemgbe ahụ, a gbanwere asọmpi ahụ iji mepụta ọtụtụ ndị nnọchiteanya ọzọ, ndị kachasị bụrụ MBGN World, MBGN Universe, na MBGN Tourism. Ihe na-esonụ bụ ndepụta nke ndị niile nwere aha MBGN kemgbe 2007.

 

### Miss Universe Nigeria
Asụsụ Samburu

**Samburu** bụ olumba asụsụ Maa nke ndị Samburu na-azụ anụ na-asụ na ugwu Kenya . Nọmba Samburu dịka 128,000 (ma ọ bụ 147,000 gụnyere Camus/Chamus). &#x5B; ** &#x5D; Olumba Samburu nwere njikọ chiri anya na olumba Camus (88% ruo 94% myirịta lexical) na asụsụ South Maasai (77% ruo 89% myirịta lexical). Okwu "Samburu" n'onwe ya nwere ike nweta site na Maaokwu *saamburr* maka akpa akpụkpọ anụ nke Samburu na-eji.

## Ntụaka
Okwu "Samburu" n'onwe ya nwere ike nweta site

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* Rainer Vossen . *Nilotes nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ: Nrụgharị asụsụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme* . Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag 1982.  .

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ọrụ Asụsụ Maa
* Embuku E Sayiata Too Ltung'ana Pooki Maasai-Samburu Anglican Akwụkwọ Ekpere (1967), digitized site Richard Mammana
Asụsụ Tidore

**Tidore** bụ asụsụ North Maluku, Indonesia, nke ndị Tidore na-asụ .  Asụsụ ahụ gbadoro ụkwụ n'àgwàetiti Tidore, mana a na-asụkwa ya n'agwaetiti ndị gbara agbata obi nke Mare na Moti nke dị na ndịda, yana Maitara dị n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke Tidore, yana n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke agbata obi Halmahera .  N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, ọ bụ asụsụ bụ isi nke Sultanate nke Tidore, obodo Alakụba Moluccan bụ isi. 

Asụsụ North Halmahera, ọ dịghị ka ọtụtụ asụsụ na Indonesia nke sitere na ezinụlọ asụsụ Austronesia . Tidore na asụsụ ndị ọzọ North Halmahera nwere ike ịbụ na ha nwere njikọ na asụsụ nke Isi Nnụnụ Peninsula, West Papua .   : 20 

Tidore bụ asụsụ asụsụ mpaghara, ejiri mee ya maka nkwukọrịta agbụrụ na mpaghara Central Halmahera.  Kemgbe narị afọ nke 17, o nwere mmetụta ụfọdụ dị ka asụsụ azụmaahịa na mpaghara Moluccan-New Guinea.  Ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na Ternate,  nke a na-ewere ya mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka olumba.  Edekọwo ma Ternate na Tidore n'akwụkwọ opekata mpe kemgbe narị afọ nke 15,  : 430 ịbụ naanị asụsụ ndị na-abụghị ndị Ọstrelia (ma ọ bụ "Papuan") nke mpaghara ahụ nwere ọdịnala edemede nke ụmụ amaala (tupu-European). : 112, fn. 2 

Ndị na-asụ Tidore niile na-akparịta ụka na North Moluccan Malay, asụsụ nke nkwurịta okwu sara mbara, na kọntaktị dị n'etiti Malay na Tidore ahapụla nnukwu akara n'asụsụ obodo. Enwere ọtụtụ mgbazinye North Moluccan Malay na Indonesian na Tidore, asụsụ ahụ na-egosipụta mmetụta siri ike nke Austronesia n'ozuzu ya. 

## fonology

### Consonants

Enwere ike ịnụ consonant flap ka alveolar ma ọ bụ post-alveolar [ ɾ̠ ] . 

### Udaume

## Ntụaka