open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Asụsụ Indri

**Indri** (Yanderika, Yandirika) bụ Asụsụ Ubangian nke South Sudan .

## Edensibia
nde mmadụ ndị ọzọ
Asụsụ Ngie

**Ngie** bụ asụsụ Southern Bantoid nke Cameroon. Ụdị dị iche iche a na-akpọ *Mengum* bụ naanị 56% yiri ya, yabụ enwere ike iwere ya dị ka asụsụ dị iche.

## Edensibia
nde mmadụ ndị ọzọ
Asụsụ Seim

**Seim**, ma ọ bụ **Mende**, bụ asụsụ Sepik nke Yirwondi ward na gburugburu ya (3°39′58′′S 142°34′15′′E / 3.666057°S 142.570816°E / -3.666057; 142.570 816 (Seim Catholic Mission)) na Mawase Rural LLG, Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea.

## Edensibia
na Mawase Rural LLG, Sandaun Province, P

## Njikọ mpụga

*
Asụsụ Manding

**Manding** nwere ike ịbụ:

* Otu n'ime Asụsụ Manding
* N'ụzọ doro anya Asụsụ Mandinka

## Hụkwa

* Manding (disambiguation)
Asụsụ Mian

**Mian** bụ Asụsụ Ok nke Ndị Mian na-asụ na mpaghara Telefomin nke mpaghara Sandaun na Papua New Guinea. Oge nwere ihe dị ka ndị na-asụ ya 3,500 gbasaa n'asụsụ abụọ: West Mian (a.k.a. *Suganga*), nwere ihe dị iche na 1,000 ndị na-ekwu ya na gburugburu Yapsiei, na East Mian, nwere ihe dị na ndị na-akpọ ya 2,500 na gburugburu Timeilmin, Temsakmin, Sokamin, Gubil, Fiak na Hotmin.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
N'ihe gbasara ụdaolu, asụsụ Mian yiri asụsụ ndị ọzọ nke Papua n'ogo nke ndepụta ụdaolu ya, mana o nwere ihe ụfọdụ pụrụ iche, dị ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti [a] na pharyngealized [a]. Ọ bụkwa Asụsụ ụda olu.

### Mkpụrụedemede
Mian nwere ụdaume isii, gụnyere ụdaume ihu ihu pharyngealized.

Mian nwekwara diphthongs anọ:

/ɛ/ na-aghọta dị ka [ə] na mkpụrụedemede ụda dị ala nke okwu, [ɛ] n'ebe ọzọ.

/a/ na-aghọta dị ka [ɐ] na mkpụrụedemede na-enweghị ụda olu, [ə] na mkpụrụ okwu mbụ na-amalite na ụdaume, [a] n'ebe ọzọ.

/o/ na-aghọta dị ka [ɔ] na mkpụrụedemede ụda dị ala na mkpụrụedemade na-agwụ na ụda olu ma ọ bụ [ŋ], [o] n'ebe ọzọ.

/u/ na-aghọta dị ka [ʊ] na mkpụrụedemede ụda dị ala, [u] n'ebe ọzọ.

### Mkpụrụ okwu
Mian nwere ụdaume iri na isii:

### Ụda ụda
Mian nwere tonemes ise:

Ụda nke Mian dị mgbagwoju anya, ebe ọ bụ na ha na-agbaso usoro ụdaume dị iche iche, na mgbakwunye, enwere ike iji ha mee ihe iji gosipụta akụkụ dị iche iche nke ụtọ asụsụ, ọkachasị na njikọ ya na ngwaa, ebe ụda dị oke mkpa maka nghọta.

## Edensibia
mgbakwunye, enwere ike iji ha mee ihe iji gosipụta akụkụ dị iche iche nke ụtọ asụsụ, ọkachasị na njikọ ya na ngwaa, eb

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ
 

## Ihe onwunwe dijitalụ

*
Asụsụ Kaningra

Asụsụ Kaningra (Kaningara) bụ Asụsụ Sepik nke Papua New Guinea.

A na-asụ ya n'obodo nta abụọ, gụnyere obodo Kaningara (4°32′29′′S 143°20′20′′E / 4.541275°S 143.33889°E / -4.541275; 143.33 889 (Kaningara)) nke Karawari Rural LLG na East Sepik Province.

## Edensibia
na nde mmadụ ndị ọzọ
Asụsụ Mokole (Benin)

**Mokole** (ma ọ bụ *Mokollé, Mokwale, Monkole, Féri*) bụ asụsụ Yoruboid a na-asụ n'obodo ndị gbara obodo Benin" id="mwEw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Kandi, Benin">Kandi gburugburu na Benin. Ndị -asụ ya bụ obere ìgwè nke ndị Yoruba sitere na ndị na-ejikọkarị na ndị Bariba nke Benin.

## Edensibia
na Benin. Ndị -asụ ya bụ obere ìgwè nke ndị Yoruba sitere na ndị na-ejikọkarị
Asụsụ Bimin

**Bim** ma ọ bụ **Bimin** bụ otu n'ime Asụsụ Ok nke New Guinea. A na-asụ ya na Sandaun na Western Provinces na mpaghara dị n'etiti Osimiri Murray na Strickland.  a nwere njikọ na Faiwol mana enwere "ọtụtụ alụmdi na nwunye na mgbanwe ọdịbendị na Oksapmin".

## Edensibia
Osimiri Murray na Strickland.  a nwere njikọ na
Asụsụ Va

Va bụ Asụsụ Angkuic abụọ a na-asụ na Mojiang Hani Autonomous County, Yunnan, China. Ọ bụ ezie na Va autonym bụ **, asụsụ ahụ abụghị Wa, ọ bụghịkwa nke asụsụ Waic. Kama nke ahụ, Va mejupụtara nkewa dị iche n'ime asụsụ Angkuic.

* Northern Va (ihe dị ka ndị na-asụ 2,000): a na-asụrụ ya na Taihe Administrative Village 太和村, Jingxing Township 景星乡, Mojiang County, Yunnan, China. Ọgbọ niile na-asụ Northern Va, gụnyere ụmụaka.
* Southern Va (ihe dị ka 1,000 ndị na-ekwu okwu): a na-asụ ya na Zhenglong Administrative Village 正龙村, Jingxing Township 景星乡, Mojiang County, Yunnan, China. Southern Va nọ n'ihe ize ndụ karị ma ụmụaka anaghị asụ ya, mana ọ bụkwa ihe na-agbaso omenala.

## Nbudata
A na-asụ Northern Va n'ihe dị ka obodo asatọ nke Taihe Village 太和村, Jingxing Township 景星乡, Mojiang County, Yunnan.

* Wamo 挖墨 (nke a na-eji asụsụ eme ihe ugbu a) 
* Xinzhai 新寨 (Upper Upper Upper na Lower Lower) 
* Jiuzhai ochie
* Dazhai 大寨 (Upper Upper Upper na Lower Lower) 
* Xiaozhai 小寨 (Upper Upper Upper na Lower Lower) 

A na-asụ Southern Va n'obodo nta ndị a nke Zhenglong Village 正龙村, Jingxing Township 景星乡, Mojiang County, Yunnan.

* Pingtian 平田
* Banglao [1] (omenala na asụsụ kachasị echekwa) 
*  bụ ezie na ọ bụ ya ka a na-akpọ ya
* 'ihi ya,
* Yin'gou 阴沟
*  [1] (omenala na asụsụ a na-echebeghị nke ọma) 

## Edensibia
nke asụsụ Waic. Kama nke ahụ, Va mejupụtara nkewa dị iche n'ime asụsụ Angkuic.

*  
* 
* 
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Austroasiatic Dataset for Phylogenetic Analysis: 2015 Version" (PDF). Mon-Khmer Studies. 44: lxviii-ccclvii. E debere ya na nke mbụ (PDF) na 2016-11-29. [Asụsụ Waamo e depụtara.]

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ
 

* Asụsụ MSEA - Va
Asụsụ Wano

**Wano** bụ Asụsụ Papua nke mpaghara Indonesia nke Central Papua .

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

Tinyere monophthongs akọwapụtara n'elu, Wano nwekwara diphthongs asaa: /i̯a/, /ɛi̯/, /ai̯/,/au̯/, *ɔi̯/, [ɔu̯/, na /ui̯/.

### Allophony
The voiced plosives // and // are imploded word-initially and intervocalically. 
When a nasal occurs before //, // becomes a prenasalized voiced plosive [ᵐb]. Similarly, when a nasal occurs before // or //, they become, respectively, [ⁿd] and [ᵑɡ]. 
//, //, //, and //'s allophone, [ᵑɡ] become labialized before //, with // becoming []. 
The sequences /tj/ and /dj/ become the palatal fricatives / /.

## Asụsụ

### Aha
Enwere ike ịmegharị aha ndị a na-apụghị ịmegharị site na itinye *-i* (mgbe ụdaume gasịrị) ma ọ bụ *-vi* (mgbe vowel gasịrị), ebe aha ndị a ga-emegharị anaghị eme (dị ka Indonesian, ebe ịmegharị bụ nhọrọ). 

## Hụkwa

* Pidgin Duvle-Wano

## Edensibia
emegharị anaghị eme (dị ka Indonesian, ebe ịmegharị bụ
Asụsụ akara

Label bụ obere asụsụ Oceanic a na-asụ na New Ireland na Papua New Guinea.

## Edensibia
mmadụ ndị ọzọ na-asụrụ  abụ
Asụsụ Vao

Vao  Asụsụ Austronesian nke Alaka Oceanic nke ihe dị ka mmadụ 1,900 na-asụ na Vao Island na n'ụsọ oké osimiri dị nso na Malakula Island, Vanuatu .

## Ihe ndị e ji mara ya
Vao  otu n'ime asụsụ ole na ole n'ụwa nke nwere ụdaume linguolabial.   &#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Edensibia
1,900 na-asụ na Vao Island na
Asụsụ Dumun

**Dumun** bụ Asụsụ Madang dị n'ihe ize ndụ nke a na-asụ na Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.

 na-akọ na Dumun na-aga site na aha **Bai**, mana o doro anya na nke a bụ asụsụ dị iche (ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwere njikọ), ma ọ bụ ma ọ dịkarịa ala ụdị dị iche iche a na-akpọ Bai nke Maclay dere dị iche.

## Edensibia
nwere njikọ), ma ọ bụ ma ọ dịkarịa ala ụdị dị iche ic
Asụsụ Banda (Maluku)

Banda bụ asụsụ Austronesian nke Central Maluku subgroup. Tinyere Kei, ọ bụ otu n'ime asụsụ abụọ nke Kei Islands na mpaghara Maluku Ndị Indonesia.

Na mbụ, a na-asụ asụsụ Banda na Banda Islands ruo mgbe agha ndị Dutch na 1621, n'oge ahụ, e gburu ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị niile bi n'obodo ahụ, mee ha ohu ma ọ bụ chụpụ ha.  lanarịrị mkpọsa ahụ chọtara ebe mgbaba n'àgwàetiti Kei Besar, ebe a ka na-eji asụsụ ahụ eme ihe n'obodo nta Banda Elat na Banda Eli.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

## Edensibia
mgbe agha ndị Dutch na 1621, n'oge ahụ, e gburu ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị niile bi n'obodo
Asụsụ Duun

**Duun** bụ Asụsụ Mande nke Mali. E nwere ụdị atọ nke Duun, **West Duun**, ma ọ bụ *Duungooma* (nke a makwaara dị ka Du, Samogho-sien) na Banki ma ọ bụ **Bankagooma**, na Mali, na East Duun, ọ bụ *Dzùùn (goo) *, na Burkina Faso. Ndị a dị iche iche n'ụzọ doro anya mana ha nwere ezi uche dị na ya nke nghọta ibe ha.

Asụsụ East Duun, Kpan (*Kpango,* Samoro-guan) na *Dzùùngoo* (Samogo-iri), dị mfe nghọta.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
nke asụsụ Dunn nwere ụdaume 26 na ụdaume 12. Phonemes ndị a dị na International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) .

## Edensibia
che n'ụzọ doro anya mana ha nwere ezi uche dị na ya nke nghọt
Asụsụ Anserma

**Anserma** (Anserna) bụ Asụsụ Chocoan nke Colombia.  ndị a gụnyere Caramanta na Cartama.

(2016) kwukwara na e nwere ihe yiri Asụsụ Barbacoan n'ihi kọntaktị.

## Edensibia
na e nwere ihe yiri Asụsụ Barbacoan n'ihi
Asụsụ Gbii

**Asụsụ **Gbi na Dorue****, nke a makwaara dị ka **Gbee** ma ọ bụ Gbi na dorue, yiri Asụsụ Krahn nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Niger-Congo. A na-asụ ya n'ebe ugwu Liberia nke bụ mpaghara dị na Nimba County. Asụsụ ya gụnyere Gbi na Dorue.  nwere ọdịdị okwu nke 78% na Asụsụ Bassa.

N'afọ 1991, mmadụ 18,600 na-asụ Gbi. 

## Hụkwa

* Asụsụ ndị Afrịka

## Edensibia
nwere ọdịdị okwu nke 78% na Asụsụ Bassa.
Asụsụ Gbandi

**Asụsụ Bandi**, nke a makwaara dị ka Bande, **Gbande**, **Gbandi** na **Gbunde**, bụ Asụsụ Mande.  na-asụ ya na Lofa County dị n'ebe ugwu Liberia site n'aka Ndị Gbandi.

nwere olumba isii: Hasala, Hembeh, Lukasa, Wawana, Wulukoha, na Tahamba, nke bụ olumba eji eme akwụkwọ.  ndị a nwere ọdịiche okwu nke 96% n'etiti ibe ha, na 83% na Asụsụ Mende yiri ya.

## Hụkwa

* Asụsụ ndị dị na Liberia

## Edensibia
Lukasa, Wawana, Wulukoha, na Tahamba,
Asụsụ Aka-Jeru

**Asụsụ Jeru**, ***Aka-Jeru*** (nke a makwaara dị ka Y*Erawa*, ka a ghara ịgbagwoju ya anya na Järawa), bụ asụsụ Great Andamanese na-anwụ anwụ, nke Northern group. A na-asụ Jeru n'ime ime obodo na n'ụsọ oké osimiri ndịda nke North Andaman na Sound Island.  na-asụ *koiné* nke Aka-Jeru na asụsụ ndị ọzọ dị n'ebe ugwu nke Great Andamanese na Strait Island; onye ikpeazụ na-asụrụ nke a, Nao Jr., nwụrụ na 2009. Aka-Jeru bụ onye ikpeazụ dị ndụ n'asụsụ Great Andamanese.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Great Andamanese jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ belata n'ime iri afọ ndị sochirinụ, agbụrụ dị iche iche nke Great Andamanies ma ọ bụ pụọ kpamkpam ma ọ bụ jikọta site na alụmdi na nwunye. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1994, ndị 38 fọdụrụnụ nke Great Andamanese bụ ndị nwere ike ịchọta ndị nna nna ha na ọdịbendị ha laghachiri n'eBo mbụ bụ naanị atọ n'ime ha (Jeru, Bo, na Cari). 

Asụsụ Great Andamanese sitere na Jeru ma ọ bụ Creole dabere na ọtụtụ asụsụ, nke Jeru bụ isi ihe mejupụtara. Onye ikpeazụ na-ekwu okwu nke ọma, Nao, nwụrụ na 2009. 

## Asụsụ
Hụ asụsụ Great Andamanese maka nkọwa ụtọ asụsụ zuru oke.

## Nnukwu ''koiné'' nke Andaman
Great Andamanese koiné dabeere na Jeru, yana mmetụta okwu na ụtọ asụsụ sitere na asụsụ ndị ọzọ nke North Great Andamanes (Aka-Bo, Aka-Kora na Aka-Cari). Ọ bụ asụsụ polysynthetic na agglutinative na-egosi isi na usoro SOV. Ọ nwere usoro dị mgbagwoju anya maka akara nke enweghị ike ịpụ apụ,  ya na akara asaa na-egosipụta nkewa dị iche iche. Ihe ịrịba ama ndị a na-apụta dị ka prolitics nke na-ekewa ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke aha dị ka ụdị dabere.  na-atụ aro na Great Andamanese na-akọwa ụwa ha site na njikọ ndị a ma si otú a na-edepụta ihe dị mkpa a na ụdị ụtọ asụsụ ọ bụla na-egosipụta nkọwa, njirimara na nkwupụta.

Great Andamanese *koiné* nwere usoro ụdaume asaa.

## Okwu
thumb|PGA varnamala
Okwu ndị dị n'otu:

* Kọlụm na-acha odo odo na-egosi okwu mgbazinye nke sitere na Hindi

## Akụkụ ụtọ asụsụ

## Aha ebe ndị dị na Andaman

## Edensibia
pụọ kpamkpam ma ọ bụ jikọta site na alụmdi na nwunye. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1994, ndị 38 fọdụrụnụ nke Great Andamanese bụ ndị nwere ike ịchọta ndị nna nna ha na ọdịbendị

## Akwụkwọ

* Raoul Zamponi 2022. *A Grammar of Akajeru: Iberibe nke Asụsụ Ọdịnala nke North Andamanese. *

## Njikọ mpụga

* Olu Na-apụ n'anya nke Great Andamanese- VOGA
* Asụsụ Aka-Jeru- Omniglot
Asụsụ Duan (Austroasiatic)

**Duan**, **Doan**, ma ọ bụ **Halang Doan**, bụ asụsụ ihe karịrị mmadụ 4,000 na-asụ n'akụkụ ọ bụla nke ókèala Laos na Vietnam. E nwere ihe dị ka ndị na-asụ okwu 2,346 na Attopu Province, Laos, na puku abụọ ọzọ na Kon Tum Province, Vietnam. A maghị ya nke ọma iji kewaa ya kpamkpam ma nwee ike ịghọta ibe ya na Takua, Kayong, Halang, na Rengao. O nwere ike ịbụ akụkụ nke agbụrụ Xơ Ɖăng.

## Edensibia
Rengao. O nwere ike ịbụ akụkụ nke u Province, Laos, na puku abụọ ọzọ na Kon Tum Province, Vietnam. A maghị

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* Mole, Robert L. (1968) Ndị agbụrụ nke South Vietnam. ụgbọelu. 1. Isi nke 9.
* Schrock, Joann, William Stockton Jr., Elaine Murphy, na Marilou Fromme.  (1966) Òtù ndị pere mpe na Republic of Vietnam. Isi nke 4.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 1998. Agbụrụ Ugwu nke Vietnam. mpịakọta nke 2 Profaịlụ nke Ndị Agbụrụ Ugwu Dị adị.  (Schliesinger na-ejikọta Doan na agbụrụ Gie-Trieng p.28).
Asụsụ ndị dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Kainji

A na-asụ asụsụ East Kainji n'otu mpaghara dị na Jos_Jos Plateau na Naịjirịa, nso Jos. E nwere ihe karịrị 20 n'ime ha, ọtụtụ n'ime ndị a na-amụ nke ọma.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Asụsụ East Kainji dị obere karịa ụfọdụ alaka Plateau ndị ọzọ dị na Middle Belt nke Naijiria (Blench 2007). 'akụkọ ihe mere eme, Asụsụ Chadic ndị na-adịghịzi n'ógbè ahụ emetụtala alaka East Kainji. , e nwere ihe karịrị 100,000 ndị na-asụ asụsụ East Kainji, ebe ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ asụsụ niile nke asụsụ ndị ahụ na-eyi egwu site na asụsụ ndị buru ibu dị ka Hausa na Bekee.  bụ ezie na ha dị mfe n'ụzọ ọdịdị, ha nwere ụda ọkwa 4 kama ụda ọkwa 3 nke mpaghara ahụ.

N'oge mmeri ndị Britain, ọtụtụ n'ime asụsụ ndị a nọ na usoro mgbanwe site na duodecimal gaa na usoro decimal.  ndị a kwadoro na usoro ndị dị otú ahụ gụnyere Janji, Gure-Kahugu (Gbiri-Niragu) na Piti.

## Ihe ndị e ji mara ya
E jiri ya tụnyere asụsụ ndị dị nso na Plateau, asụsụ East Kainji dị mfe. Ha nwere ụda ọkwa anọ, n'adịghị ka ọtụtụ asụsụ ndị ọzọ dị na Middle Belt nke Naịjirịa nwere naanị ụda ọkwa atọ. Ụda  anọ n'asụsụ East Kainji malitere dị ka ụda dị elu nke a na-eji eme akara dị iche iche.

Mkpụrụ okwu n'asụsụ East Kainji na-emeghe n'ozuzu (CV).   (2020) na-atụ aro na alaka East Kainji nwere njikọ chiri anya na Basa, ebe ọ bụ na ha abụọ nwere (C) V-CVCV phonotactic structures.

## Nchịkọta
 na-eche na East Kainji bụ alaka mbụ nke Asụsụ Kainji, mana nke a abụghịzi eziokwu. 'ụzọ na-akpali akpali, Piti na Atsam yiri ka ha dị iche, mana ndị ọzọ na-emepụta usoro asụsụ na-aga n'ihu.

### ''Glottolog''
Nchịkọta Glottolog yiri nke Blench, mana aha Piti-Atsam ka dị. Na nkewa a, a na-achịkọta asụsụ niile ma e wezụga Piti-Atsam n'okpuru "Jos". Amo, mgbe ọ nọ n'ime otu "Jos", hapụrụ Kauru na Jera (ma ọ bụ "Northern Jos", na-esote Blench). 

Naanị Kurama, Gbiri-Niragu, Jere, Sanga na Lemoro nwere ihe karịrị puku ndị na-ekwu okwu.

## Aha na ebe
N'okpuru ebe a bụ ndepụta zuru oke nke aha asụsụ East Kainji, ndị mmadụ, na ebe ndị sitere na Blench (2019). 

## Ntụnyere nke okwu
Tebụl -esonụ na-egosi otu na ọtụtụ ụdị maka 'ogwe aka, aka' site na ụdị asụsụ dị iche iche nke East Kainji. Aha n dị n'ime oghere sitere na Williamson (1972). [1] Blench (2020) jikọtara data ahụ site na Williamson (1972), Shimizu (1979, 1982), na data Blench a na-ebipụtaghị.

## Hụkwa

*  (Wiktionary) 

## Edensibia
, n'adịghị ka ọtụtụ asụsụ ndị ọzọ dị na Middle Belt nke Naịjirịa nwere naanị ụda ọkwa atọ. Ụda  anọ n'asụsụ East Kainji malitereIsiokwu a gụnyere ederede dị n'okpuru ikikere CC BY 3.0. 

* ComparaLex, nchekwa data na ndepụta okwu East Kainji
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Asụsụ Jerung

**Jerung** ma ọ bụ Jero bụ asụsụ Kiranti na-anwụ anwụ nke a na-asụ na Nepal. Ndị ndụmọdụ asụsụ ala bụ ndị Opgenort (2005) gakwuuru, họọrọ okwu 'Jero' iji kọwaa asụsụ ahụ. Okwu 'Jerung', n'ụzọ dị iche, bụ aha a na-eji eme ihe na aha ọtụtụ obodo dị n'ime mpaghara asụsụ yana aha obodo dị na mpaghara na-asụ Wambule. Asụsụ Jerung na Wambule na-aghọta ọnụ. Ihe karịrị mmadụ 2,000 bi na mpaghara Okhalḍhuṅgā na Sindhulī nke ọwụwa anyanwụ Nepal na-asụ Jerung. Gerd Hanßon (1991) na-azọrọ na e nwere atọ ma ọ bụ anọ dialects nke Jerung: Madhavpur, Balkhu-Sisneri, na Ratnawati (Sindhuli). Otú ọ dị, dị ka ndị ndụmọdụ Opgenort (2005) si kwuo, e nwere naanị asụsụ abụọ dị mkpa: asụsụ ugwu, nke a na-asụ na Okhaldhunga District, na asụsụ ndịda, nke a-asụ n'ógbè Sindhuli.

## Ebe a na-ekesa ya
A na-asụ Jerung n'ebe ndị a na Nepal (Ethnologue).

* Mpaghara Sindhuli, Janakpur Mpaghara: Bahadur Obodo ndị dị n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ, Sunkosi Obodo ndịda ruo n'obodo Mohantar
* Okhaldhunga District, Sagarmatha Zone: Maulang Khola River area, north of the Sunkosi River (Northern dialect) 

## Edensibia
azọrọ na e nwere atọ ma ọ bụ anọ dialects nke

## Ebe e si nweta ya

* Hanßon, Gerd.  1991.  *Ndị Rai nke ọwụwa anyanwụ Nepal: agbụrụ na asụsụ. Nchọpụta nke Nnyocha Asụsụ nke Nepal. Edere ma nye ya mmeghe site na Werner Winter.* Kirtipur/Kathmandu: Nnyocha Asụsụ nke Nepal na Centre for Nepal and Asian Studies, Mahadum Tribhuvan.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 2005. *Asụsụ nke Jero. Site n'ịmụ ihe gbasara asụsụ Kiranti*. Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ Ọmụmụ Tibet nke Brill. Asụsụ nke Ógbè Himalayan Ukwu, 3. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill.
Gabriel Manessy

**Gabriel Manessy** (28 Machị 1923 - 17 June 1996) bụ onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ French nke rụrụ ọrụ na Asụsụ Niger-Congo, ọkachasị Asụsụ Gur.

A maara Manessy maka ọrụ ya na-atụle akụkọ ihe mere eme na Asụsụ Gur.   dere ọtụtụ ihe gbasara asụsụ Gurunsi, Oti-Volta, na Senuufo.

## Ọrụ
A mụrụ Manessy na 28 Machị 1923. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, mmasị ya gbanwere na ethnology.

Mgbe ọ rụchara ọrụ nwa oge na CNRS, ọ kụziri asụsụ na Faculty of Letters nke Dakar wee bụrụ onye nduzi mbụ nke Centre de linguistique appliquée de Dakar (CLAD). A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Prọfesọ n'afọ 1964. Ọ lekọtara ụmụ akwụkwọ Masters na African Linguistics, nke mbụ na Dakar, mgbe ahụ na Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences na Aix-en-Provence. Site na 1969 ruo 1988, ọ kụziri na Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences na Mahadum Nice.  lara ezumike nká na 1988.

Manessy nwụrụ na 17 June 1996 mgbe ọ dị afọ 73. 

## Edensibia
ahụ na Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences na

## Njikọ mpụga

* Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara na Perseus
Asụsụ Sorkhei

**Sorkhei** bụ Asụsụ Western Iran.  na-asụ ya n'obodo nta Sorkheh na Semnan Province na ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Iran.

## Ihe ndị na-adịghị mkpa
'oge Agha Iran-Iraq, ndị ọrụ redio si Sorkheh jiri asụsụ ahụ dị ka ụdị cryptography maka nkwukọrịta nke Ndị agha Iran.

N'oge Mkparịta ụka nuklia nke Iran, e ji asụsụ ahụ mee ihe na mkparịta ụka dị n'etiti Onye isi ala Iran Hassan Rouhani na Hossein Fereydoun, nwanne ya nwoke na onye enyemaka ya na ndị otu mkparịta ụka ahụ. Emere nke  iji wepụ ma ọ bụ belata nghọta nke mkparịta ụka site n'aka ndị na-ege ntị.

## Ihe edeturu
Fereydoun, nwanne ya nwoke na onye enyemaka ya

## Akwụkwọ

* Pierre Lecoq 1989. "Asụsụ Caspian na Asụsụ nke Ebe Ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Iran," *Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum*. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Rüdiger Schmitt Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag. Peeji nke 296-314.

* Habib Borjian 2008. "Asụsụ Komisenian nke Aftar," Archiv Orientální 76: 379-416.
Asụsụ Mara

**Mara** bụ asụsụ Kuki-Chin nke Ndị Mara na-asụ, ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ agbụrụ Tlosaih bi n'obodo nta 30 nke Mpaghara Chhimtuipu, ndịda Mizoram, India na obodo nta ndị gbara ya gburugburu na Burma. 

Asụsụ Mara (Tlosaih) bụ nke alaka Kuki-Chin nke Ezinụlọ asụsụ Sino-Tibetan. A makwaara ndị na-asụ asụsụ ndị a dị ka Mara (Tlosais).

Mara bụ asụsụ a ma ama na Mara Autonomous District Council (MADC). Mara bụ ihe dị mkpa maka ụlọ akwụkwọ niile ruo na klas nke asaa (ụlọ akwụkwọ etiti) n'okpuru Board of School Education, MADC.

**Mara** bụ asụsụ Kuki-Chin nke Ndị Mara na-asụ.

## Orthography
Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Mara (akwụkwọ ozi ukwu) A, AW, Y, B, CH, D, E, F, H, I, K, L, M, N, NG, O, Ô, P, R, S, T, U, V, Z

Mara mkpụrụedemede (obere mkpụrụedemede) a, aw, y, b, ch, d, e, f, h, i, k, l, m, n, ng, o, ô, p, r, s, t, u, v, z

Mara diphthongs ao, yu, ai, ei, ia, ie, ua

## Asụsụ

### Ọtụtụ
A na-emepụta ụdị ọnụọgụ nke aha site na itinye otu n'ime okwu ndị a na njedebe nke aha ahụ:

*  () 
*  () 
* 
*  (sha-s) 

Taa asụsụ Mara nwere mkpụrụ akwụkwọ nke ya; okwu dị n'ime oghere na-egosi transliterations nke onye edemede N.E. Parry site na 1937.

### Okwu ajụjụ na Mara
 

### Aha nnọchiaha
***Otu***

* 1st person: ,  - **I**
* 2nd person: ,  - **you**
* 3rd person: ,  or  *-* **he, she, it**

***Ọtụtụ***

* Onye nke mbụ:  - **anyị**
* Onye nke abụọ: nâmo, nâma *-* g**ị**
* Onye nke atọ:  - **ha**

### Nkwupụta nke onwunwe
***Otu***

* Kei**m**, ei - m
*  - **nke m**
*  - **gị**
*  - **gị (ị) **(ya) 
*  - **ya, ya,** ya
* Ama eih, a eih - nke ya, ya, ya**nke ya, nke ya, ya**

***Ọtụtụ***

*  - **nke anyị**
*  - nke anyị**anụ ọhịa bea**
*  - gị**nke gị**
*  - **onye ọ bụla**
*  - **onye, otu**
* A tlâhpi - **ụfọdụ. . . ndị ọzọ**
* Otu hropa - **onye ọzọ, ndị ọzọ**
*  - **niile**

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụ okwu

* A glottal stop [ʔ] nwere ike ịpụta na mmalite n'ihi njikọta ọdịdị.
* /t/ nwere ike ịbụ ezé dị ka [t̪] tupu /ɑ/ ma ọ bụ /i/.
* A pụkwara ịnụ /k/ dị ka uvular [q] tupu /ɑ/ ma ọ bụ /i/.
* /s, z/ mgbe a na-anụ /i/ dị ka alveolo-palatal [ɕ, ː].
* A pụkwara ịnụ pre-aspiration n'etiti imi dị ka [ɦm, ɦn] . 

### Mkpụrụedemede

*  na-anụ ụda /o/ na /ɑń/ n'efu dị ka [ɔ, ɐʊ] na [ʌ].

## Edensibia
asụsụ Sino-Tibetan. A makwaara ndị na-asụ asụsụ ndị a dị ka Mara (Tlosais).asụsụ Sino-Tibetan. A makwaara ndị na-asụ asụsụ ndị a dị ka Mara (Tlosais).

## Njikọ mpụga
 

* Maraland: Ebe obibi nke Maras na ịntanetị
* A grammar na dictionary nke asụsụ Lakher, nke Fred W. Savidge (1908) (Scanned at Internet Archive)
Asụsụ Neko

**Neko** bụ otu n'ime Asụsụ Finisterre nke Papua New Guinea, nke a na-asụ n'otu obodo dị na Madang Province.

## Edensibia
nke a na-asụ n'otu obodo dị na Madang Province.nke a na-asụ n'otu obodo dị na Madang Province.
Friedrich Müller (onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ)

**Friedrich Müller** (6 Machị 1834 - 25 Mee 1898) bụ onye Austrian ọkà mmụta asụsụ na ethnologist nke malitere okwu Hamito-Semitic maka ihe a na-akpọ ugbu a asụsụ Afro-Asia.

## Akụkọ ndụ
Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Göttingen . Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Vienna (1853-1857), ebe ọ bụ onye na-elekọta ọ́bá akwụkwọ site na 1858 ruo 1866, wee ghọọ onye pụrụ iche na onye nkịtị (1869) prọfesọ nke nkà mmụta asụsụ na Sanskrit. Ọ bụ onye otu Austrian Academy of Sciences, ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ndị isi kachasị elu na philology na ethnology na mmekọrịta nke sayensị abụọ ahụ, Theodor Benfey na-ewere ya.

## Echiche
Dabere  nhazi nke Müller, nke Robert Needham Cust sochiri, isi subgroups nke asụsụ Hamito-Semitic bụ: (1) Semitic; (2) Hamitic; (3) Nuba-Fula; (4) asụsụ Naijiria ma ọ bụ Negro; (5) Bantu; na (6) Hottentot-Bushman.

Onye Germany a ma ama na-ahụ maka ụmụ anụmanụ Ernst Haeckel kwuru Müller mgbe o chepụtara echiche agbụrụ nke ya banyere agbụrụ dị elu na nke dị ala:Caucasian, ma ọ bụ nwoke Mediterenian (*Homo Mediterraneus*), site n'oge gara aga ka e debere ya n'isi agbụrụ niile nke ụmụ nwoke, dị ka ndị kasị mepụta ma zuo oke. A na-akpọkarị ya agbụrụ Caucasian, mana dịka, n'etiti ụdị niile, alaka Caucasian bụ nke na-adịchaghị mkpa, anyị na-ahọrọ aha kwesịrị ekwesị nke Friedrich Müller chepụtara, ya bụ, nke *Mediterenian*. Maka ụdị kachasị mkpa nke ụdị a, nke bụkwa ndị na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma n'ihe a na-akpọ "Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme Ụwa", bu ụzọ nwee ọganihu n'ikperé mmiri Mediterenian.... Ụdị a naanị (ma e wezụga nke Mongolian) enweela akụkọ ihe mere eme n'ezie; ọ bụ naanị ya ruru ogo mmepeanya nke yiri ka ọ na-ebuli ụmụ mmadụ karịa ihe okike ndị ọzọ.

## Ọrụ
E wezụga inye aka n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na philology na ethnology na *Mitteilungen der anthropologischen Gesellschaft* na *Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes*, na idezi akwụkwọ ndị a ruo oge ụfọdụ, Müller dere:

* *Reise der österreichischen Fregatte Novara*, akụkụ asụsụ na nke agbụrụ (1867-73) 
* Allgemeine Ethnography (1873) 
* *Grundriss der Sprachwissenschaft* (1876-87) Facsimile re-print, 2004 ( )  

## Ihe edeturu

## Edensibia

*  
*  

ethnology na Mitteilungen der anthropologischen Gesellschaft na Wiener Zeitschrift für die thnology na Mitteilungen der anthropo ma ama na-ahụ maka ụmụ anụmanụ Ernst Haeckel kwuru Müller mgbe o chepụtara
Guillaume Segerer

**Guillaume Segerer** (amụrụ na Julaị 13, 1965, na Paris, France ) bụ onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ French bụ ọkachamara n'Asụsụ Niger-Congo, ọkachasị Asụsụ Atlantic.

 maara Segerer maka ọrụ ya na-atụle akụkọ ihe mere eme na Asụsụ Atlantic.

## Mmụta
N'afọ 2000, Segerer nwetara nzere doctorate ya na Sorbonne Nouvelle University Paris 3. Akwụkwọ edemede doctorate ya bụ nkọwa nke Asụsụ Bijogo nke Guinea-Bissau . 

Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na CNRS kemgbe afọ 2001, ebe ọ na-arụkarị ọrụ na LLACAN (Langage, langues et cultures d'Afrique ), Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) n'ime CNRS.  afọ 2007, Segerer na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nyocha zuru oke na LLACAN . 

## Ọrụ
Ụfọdụ ọrụ ndị Segerer rụrụ ọrụ  ha gụnyere ndị a.

* RefLex (Reference Lexicon nke asụsụ nke Africa) 
* Web-Ball (Web Bibliography of African Languages and Linguistics)
* Web-Cal (Web Catalogue of African Languages) 

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị
* Academia.edu
* ResearchGate
asụsụ French bụ ọkachamara n'Asụsụ Niger-Congo, ọkachasị Asụsụ Atlantic.asụsụ French bụ ọkachamara n'Asụsụ Niger-Congo, ọkachasị Asụsụ Atlantic.
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Konstantin Pozdniakov

**Konstantin Igorevich Pozdniakov** (amụrụ na 24 Julaị 1952, Leningrad, USSR) bụ onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ Russia-French nke na-arụ ọrụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke asụsụ nke ezinụlọ Mande, Atlantic, na Niger-Congo. Ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ na Rongorongo nke Easter Island.

## Mmụta
N'afọ 1974, Pozdniakov gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Ngalaba Asụsụ West African (na Ngalaba Ọmụmụ Afrịka, Ngalaba Ọwụwa Anyanwụ) nke Mahadum steeti Leningrad. N'afọ 1978, ọ gbachitere thesis ya na Institute of Linguistics nke Academy of Sciences nke USSR (Moscow) na nyocha nke Asụsụ Mande.

## Ọrụ
Site na 1978-1982 ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Soviet omenala mission na Dakar, Senegal. Site na 1982-1997, ọ bụ onye nchọpụta na Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography nke Academy of Sciences of the USSR / RAS (Kunstkamera) na Leningrad / St. Petersburg. N'afọ 1995, ọ gbachitere akwụkwọ edemede doctoral ya na nrụzigharị nke ụtọ asụsụ nke Asụsụ Atlantic.

Kemgbe afọ 1997, ọ bụ prọfesọ na Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales (INALCO) na Paris na onye nchọpụta na LLACAN (Asụsụ na ọdịbendị nke Africa) nke French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS). Site na 2011-2016, ọ bụ onye isi otu Institut Universitaire de France.

## Mmasị nyocha

## Edensibia
of Anthropology and Ethnography nke Academy of Sciences of the USSR / RAS (of Anthropology and Ethnography nke Academy of Sciences of the USSR / RAS (
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
André Prost

**André Prost** (amụrụ na 28 Ọgọst 1903 na Orgelet, Jura; nwụrụ na 24 Mee 1987 na Bry-sur-Marne) bụ onye ozi ala ọzọ French, Africanist, na ọkà mmụta asụsụ.

Dị ka White Father, ọ bụ onye otu Société des africanistes kemgbe 1932, ọ bụkwa onye guzobere Société des linguistes de l'Afrique occidentale (SLAO).

 dere ihe dị ka akwụkwọ iri ise na isiokwu gbasara asụsụ West Africa.

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara na Perseus
White Father, ọ bụ onye otu Société des africanistes kemgbe 1932, ọ bụkwa onye guzobere Société
Ludwig Gerhardt

**Ludwig Gerhardt** (amụrụ na Nọvemba 1, 1938, na Halle an der Saale) bụ onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ German na onye Africa. A maara ya maka ọrụ ya n'asụsụ dị iche iche nke Africa, ọkachasị asụsụ Plateau nke Naịjirịa.

## Mmụta
Ludwig Gerhardt bụ nwa Dietrich Kurt Gerhardt. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ na Zorbau site na 1944 ruo 1945, na Halle an der Saale site na 1945 ruo 1946, na Erlangen site na 1946 ruo 1948, na ụlọ akwụkwọ grammar site na 1948 ruo 1958 na Münster. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na 1958 na Schillergymnasium, Münster, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ndị agha site na 1958 ruo 1959, ebe ọ bụ onye isi ala.

 gụrụ ọmụmụ Africa, phonetics na ethnomusicology na Mahadum Hamburg site na 1959 ruo 1967, ebe ọ nwetara nzere doctorate na 1967.

## Ọrụ
Gerhardt rụrụ ọrụ n'ọhịa n'asụsụ Plateau nke ugwu etiti Naịjirịa na 1968-1969,  na n'Asụsụ Jarawan nke Naịjirị na 1982-1983.

Site na 1968 ruo 1970 na 1973-1975, ọ bụ onye enyemaka nyocha na Mahadum Hamburg. Site na 1972 ruo 1973, o nwere postdoctoral fellowship site na DFG. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1974, ọ ghọrọ Prọfesọ nke African Studies na Mahadum Hamburg na 1975. 

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Academia.edu peeji

Ludwig Gerhardt bụ nwa Dietrich Kurt Gerhardt. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ na Zorbau site na 1944 ruo 1945, na Halle an der
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
John Clarke (onye ozi ala ọzọ Baptist)

**John Clarke** (1802-1879) bụ onye ụkọchukwu Baptist na onye ozi ala ọzọ nke England, onye jere ozi na Jamaica na Fernando Po (àgwàetiti dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke West Africa). Ọ bụ onye dere nchịkọta okwu ntụnyere n'ọtụtụ asụsụ West Africa, nke e bipụtara na 1848/9,  yana ụtọ asụsụ nke asụsụ Fernandian (Bube) nke Fernando Po. 

Clarke gara Jamaica na 1829 wee rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi na onye ozi Baptist na Kingston, Spanish Town, na ebe ndị ọzọ ruo 1840, mgbe e zigara ya na George K. Prince iji nyochaa ohere nke ịmepụta ozi na West Africa. Ha rutere na Fernando Po na Jenụwarị 1841.  'afọ 1842, Clarke laghachiri Jamaica na England iji nweta ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo maka ozi ahụ, na-alaghachi na Febụwarị 1844 na otu ndị nkuzi na ndị bi na Jamaica, n'etiti ha Joseph Jackson Fuller dị afọ iri na asatọ, onye mechara bụrụ onye a ma ama n'onwe ya dị ka onye ozi ala ọzọ.

Ọrụ ahụ dị n'àgwàetiti Fernando Po enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma, ma mesịa bụrụ nke a manyere imechi na 1858, karịsịa n'ihi mgbochi sitere n'aka ndị ọchịchị Spain, bụ ndị kwuru na agwaetiti ahụ ma kpebisie ike ime ka ọ bụrụ Katọlik;  mana ọrụ nke ndị Baptist guzobere na mpaghara Cameroon nke chere ihu n'à mmiri ahụ dịgidere ruo mgbe Basel Mission Society weghaara ya na 1886.  Clarke 'onwe ya dara ọrịa na 1847 ya na nwunye ya laghachiri Jamaica, na 1848 gaa England.  oge ụfọdụ gasịrị, ọ laghachiri Jamaica, ebe o biri ma rụọ ọrụ ndụ ya niile.

John Clarke lụrụ na Berwick-upon-Tweed na nwunye, Margaret, si n'obodo ahụ na 1829, obere oge tupu ọ gawa Jamaica. Ha nọrọ ọnụ ihe karịrị afọ iri anọ ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ. Abụọ 'ime ụmụ ha nwụrụ n'oge ha bụ nwata, mana otu nwa nwanyị dị ndụ.

## Akwụkwọ

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] ''Okwu n'asụsụ Fernandian''. Dunfermline Press, Bimbia.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Okwu ''Mmalite nke Asụsụ Fernandian'', Akụkụ 1. Berwick-on-Tweed
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Nkọwa nke Asụsụ, Okwu mkpirikpi nke Asụsụ: Na Ihe odide nke Mba na Omenala n'Africa.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] ''Ihe ncheta nke Richard Merrick.  (N'ihi ya) Memoir of Joseph Merrick''. London
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Akwụkwọ ozi gbasara onwe onye nye Rev. James Hume. E bipụtara ya n'ịntanetị site na Michael Brown Rare Books.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Jamaican na British Baptists na West Africa 1841-1888". Missiology: An International Review 29 (4), peeji nke 433-447.&nbsp;
* Ntutu isi, P. E. H. (1966). "Nkwupụta na "Specimens of Dialects" nke John Clarke 1848/9. Sierra Leone Language Review, 5, 1966, peeji nke 72-82.&nbsp;
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "A West Indian Contribution to Christian Mission in Africa: Ọrụ Joseph Jackson Fuller (1845-1888) ". [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 18, Nke 4 (Ọktoba 2001), peeji nke 220-231.&nbsp;

## Edensibia
gawa Jamaica. Ha nọrọ ọnụ ihe karịrị afọ iri anọ ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ. Abụọ 'ime ụmụ hagawa Jamaica. Ha nọrọ ọnụ ihe karịrị afọ iri anọ ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ. Abụọ 'ime ụmụ ha
Asụsụ Pak-Tong

**Pak-Tong** (ma ọ bụ Tong-Pak) bụ asụsụ Oceanic nke Agwaetiti Pak na Tong nke Manus Province, Papua New Guinea.

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* A na-echekwa Ihe ndekọ na ihe edere maka Pak na Kaipuleohone
Asụsụ Bozo

**Bozo** (: Boso nke pụtara ụlọ ahịhịa) bụ Asụsụ Mande nke Ndị Bozo nke Inner Niger Delta na Mali na-asụ.Maka Ịkụ azụ, a na-ahụkwa ọtụtụ Bozo na mba ndị ọzọ dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Afrịka ebe e nwere Osimiri na Dams, dị ka Nigeria, Burkina Faso na Ivory Coast. Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ afọ 2000 si kwuo, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Bozo dị ihe dị ka 132,100. A na-ewere Bozo dị ka ụyọkọ asụsụ, mana enwere obere ọdịiche. Ethnologue na-amata asụsụ anọ dabere na ihe achọrọ maka ihe mmụta. Bozo bụ akụkụ nke alaka ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke Asụsụ Mande; onye ikwu asụsụ kacha nso bụ Soninke, asụsụ a na-asụ n'akụkụ ugwu ọdịda mmiri nke ndịda Mali, n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Senegal, na ndịda Mauritania. Ndị Bozo na-asụkarị otu ma ọ bụ karịa asụsụ mpaghara dịka Bambara, Fula, ma ọ bụ Western Songhay. Asụsụ ahụ bụ ụda olu, nwere ụda okwu atọ.

A na-ekewa ụyọkọ Bozo n'ụdị ndị a:

* Hainyaxo (Hainyaho, Kelengaxo, Kɛlɛngaxo) (a few thousand speakers), spoken in Mali
* Tiɛma Cɛwɛ (Tièma cièwè, Tièma cièwe, Tiema ciewe, Tiema cewe, Tiemacèwè, Tiemacewe, Tiema) (2,500 speakers in 1991), spoken in Mali
* Tiéyaxo (Tieyaxo, Tigemaxo) (a few thousand speakers), spoken in Mali and Burkina Faso
* Sorogaama (Jenaama, Sorogama, Sorko) (200,000 speakers in 2005), spoken in Mali, Nigeria and Ivory Coast

Hainyaxo (Kelengaxo), nke Hain (sg. Xan) na-asụ, bụ olumba kachasị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, nke a na-asụrụ n'ebe abụọ n'akụkụ Osimiri Niger. Ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na Tieyaxo (Tigemaxo), onye agbata obi ya dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke a na-asụ gburugburu Diafarabé. Asụsụ Bozo nke etiti na nke a na-asụkarị bụ Jenaama (Sorogama), nke nwere asụsụ anọ, Pondori (n'ebe ndịda Mopti" id="mwNg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Mopti">Mopti), Kotya, Korondugu (n'akụkụ Mopti) na Debo (n'etiti Ọdọ Mmiri Debo). Tiemacewe (Tièma Cièwè) bụ olumba Bozo nke dị n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ, nke a na-asụ na nso ọdọ mmiri Debo.

## Naịjirịa
Na Naijiria, a na-akpọkarị olumba Jenaama / Sorogama nke asụsụ Bozo Sorko. A na-asụ ya na steeti Naijiria nke Niger, Kebbi, na Kwara (Ọdọ Mmiri Kainji).

## Usoro ide ihe

[5] na-egosi ụdaume dị ogologo site na okpukpu abụọ nke mkpụrụedemede ahụ: Ōa, ee, ee, ii, oo, ɔɔ, uu; a na-egosi nasalization site na ịgbaso mkpụrụedemede nwere n: Ōan, en, ɛn, in, on, Liver, un.

## Ihe edeturu

## Edensibia

* Daget, Jacques & Konipo, M. & Sanakoua, M. (1953) 'Asụsụ Bozo' (Sudanese Studies, 1). Koulouba: French Institute of Black Africa, Gọọmentị Sudan, IFAN Center.
* Blecke, Thomas (1998) *Lexikalische Strukturen und grammatische Kategorien im Tigemaxo (Bozo, Mande) *. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.   ISBN&nbsp;
* 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Map ethnolinguistic nke asụsụ Bozo (SIL) 
* Asụsụ Bozo
* Ihe onwunwe na Bozo-Tieyaxo E debere ya na  Wayback Machine site na SIL Mali E debere yango na  Wayback machine.
* Resources in Bozo-Jenaama E debere  Wayback Machine site na SIL Mali E debere  Wayback machine.
Asụsụ Bokyi

**Bokyi** (Boki, Nfua, Nki, Okii, Osikom, Osukam, Uki, Vaaneroki) bụ Asụsụ Bendi dị mkpa na mpaghara nke Ndị Bokyi nke ugwu Cross River State, Nigeria na-asụ. A na-etinye ya n'etiti asụsụ iri na ise mbụ n'ime ihe dị ka asụsụ 520 dị ndụ na Naịjirịa, na puku mmadụ ole na ole na-asụ ya na Cameroon.

Asụsụ ndị  isi gụnyere Abu (Abo, Baswo), Irruan, Osokom (Okundi) na Wula.

## Edensibia
nke Ndị Bokyi nke ugwu Cross River State, Nigeria na-asụ. A na-etinye ya n'etiti asụsụ iri na ise mbụ
Asụsụ Bori

**Bori** bụ asụsụ Tani nke India. A na-asụ Bori na Payum Circle, West Siang District, Arunachal Pradesh (Megu 1988).

Ndị Bori na-asụ Bori, ndị agbụrụ India.

Post (2013)  na Ethnologue kewara Karko dị ka ụdị Bori dị iche iche. 

## Edensibia

## Ebe e si nweta ya

* Megu, Arak 1993. *Karkos na Asụsụ Ha*. Itanagar: Directorate of Research, Gọọmentị nke Arunachal Pradesh.
Bori, ndị agbụrụ India Bori, ndị agbụrụ India Bori, ndị agbụrụ India Bori, ndị agbụrụ India
Asụsụ Birgid

**Birgid** (nke a makwaara dị ka Birked, Birguid, Birkit, Birqed, Kajjara, Murgi, Murgi Birked) bụ Asụsụ Nubian na-adịghịzi adị nke a na-asụ na ọdịda anyanwụ Sudan, n'ebe ugwu nke obodo Nyala na South Darfur. Onye Canada na-amụ asụsụ Thelwall kwuru na ya na ndị agadi na-asụ Birgid zutere n'afọ 1972.

## Edensibia

* Robin A. Thelwall (1977) 'Nchịkọta okwu Birgid na njikọ ya na Daju' na Ganslmayr, H. & H. Jungraithmayr (Ed), *Gedenkschrift für Gustav Nachtigall 1874-1974*, Bremen: Übersee-Museum., peeji nke 197-210&nbsp;

## Njikọ mpụga

* Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu bụ isi Birgid na Global Lexicostatistical Database
Asụsụ El Hugeirat

**El Hugeirat** (nke a na-akpọkwa El Hagarat) bụ asụsụ Nubian nke na-anwụ anwụ nke a na-asụ n'ebe ugwu Ugwu Nuba na ndịda Sudan. Ihe  ka mmadụ 50 na-asụ ya n'ezinụlọ ole na ole na ugwu El Hugeirat, n'obodo nta Sija, Bija, Shenshin na Baboy.

## Edensibia
na ole na ugwu El Hugeirat, n'obodo nta Sija, Bija, Shenshin na Baboy.
Buglere

**Buglere**, nke a makwaara dị ka Bugle, Murire na **Muoy**, bụ Asụsụ Chibchan nke Panama nke nwere njikọ chiri anya na Guaymi. E nwere olumba abụọ, Sabanero na Bokotá (Bogota), nke Ndị Bokota na-asụ.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

* Enwere ike ịnụ ụda olu /b, d, ɡ/ dị ka fricatives [β, ð, ɣ] na ọnọdụ intervocalic.

* A pụkwara ịnụ /dʒ/ dị ka [ʒ] n'ọnọdụ intervocalic.

* /ŋ/ mgbe tupu ụdaume dị n'ọnọdụ mmalite okwu nwekwara ike ịnụ dị ka [ɲ].

* Ụda ụdaume /e, o/ nwekwara ike ịnwe mkpirikpi allophones nke [ɛ, ɔ].

*  pụkwara ịnụ ụdaume dị ka nasalized mgbe ha nọ n'ọnọdụ ụdaume imi.

## Edensibia
njikọ chiri anya na Guaymi. E nwere olumba abụọ, Sabanero na Bokotá (Bogota), nke Ndị Bokota
Asụsụ Yala

**Yala** (Iyala) bụ Asụsụ Idomoid nke Ogoja, Nigeria.  (2019) depụtara olumba dị ka Ikom, Obubra, na Ogoja.

## Edensibia
depụtara olumba dị ka Ikom, Obubra, na Ogoja.depụtara olumba dị ka Ikom, Obubra, na Ogoja.
Asụsụ Ghulfan

**Ghulfan** (nke a na-akpọkwa Gulfan, Uncu, Uncunwee, Wunci, Wuncimbe) bụ Asụsụ Hill Nubian nke a na-asụ na etiti Ugwu Nuba na ndịda Sudan. Ihe dị ka mmadụ 40,000 na-asụ ya na ugwu Ghulfan Kurgul na Ghulfan Morung, n'ebe ndịda Dilling. Obodo nta ndị a na-asụ asụsụ ahụ bụ Dabri, Karkandi, Katang, Kurgul, Namang, Ninya, Moring, Ota, Shigda, na Tarda.  nwere njikọ chiri anya na Kadaru, nke ya na ya mejupụtara Kadaru-Ghulfan subgroup nke Hill Nubian.

Ethnologue -akọ na ojiji nke Ghulfan na-ebelata ka ndị na-eto eto na-asụ asụsụ Sudanese Arabic na naanị ndị okenye na-asụrụ asụsụ ahụ ugbu a nakwa na ọ nweghị ndị na-asọpụta asụsụ ahụ.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụ okwu

## Edensibia
Shigda, na Tarda. nwere njikọ chiri anya na Kadaru, nke ya na ya mejupụtara Kadaru-Ghulfan subgroup nke Hill Nubian.
Asụsụ Yalë

A na-asụ **Asụsụ **Yade****, nke a makwaara dị ka Yadë, **Nagatman**, ma ọ bụ **Nagastan**, n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Papua New Guinea.  nwere ike ịbụ ihe jikọrọ ya na Asụsụ Kwomtari, mana Palmer (2018) kewara ya dị ka asụsụ dịpụrụ adịpụ.

nwere ndị na-asụ 600 na 1991 na ndị na-ekwu otu asụsụ 30 n'ụbọchị a na-edeghị aha. A na-asụ Yalë na Nagastan (3°44′42′′S 141°28′18′′E / 3.744917°S 141.471593°E / -3.744917. 141.47-1593 (Nagatiman)) na ọtụtụ obodo ndị ọzọ nke Green River Rural LLG na Sandaun Province.  (2018) na-akọ ngụkọta nke obodo isii.

Yalë nọ na nnukwu azụmahịa na mmekọrịta ya na Busa, nke nwere ike ịbụ asụsụ dịpụrụ adịpụ nke a na-asụ n'ebe ndịda. Yalë nwere mgbagwoju anya okwu usoro okwu SOV.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
Aannested, Aidan (2020)  na-enye ụdaume ndị a maka Yadë (Yalë):

* A na-akpọ "dd" dị ka 
* Hụ isi iyi maka ozi ndị ọzọ gbasara allophones- ndị edepụtara bụ naanị ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị.

* Mkpụrụedemede ọ bụla nwere ọtụtụ ihe nwere ike ime, ọkachasị /u/, nke nwere:
** /y/, /ʉ/, /ʊ/, na /uʹ/

## Aha nnọchiaha
Ndị nnọchiaha bụ: 

## Asụsụ
Okwu mkpokọta bụ: 

* -*d*: akara n'ozuzu
* -*t*: akara na-agafe agafe
* -*b*: akara na-adịghị agafe agafe

Ọtụtụ aha anaghị etinye ọtụtụ, ọ bụkwa naanị aha nwe*re* ihe gbasara mmadụ ma ọ bụ ihe dị ndụ ma ọ bụ nke nwere nnukwu mkpa obodo nwere ike ịba ụba site na iji nsonaazụ -rɛ ~ -re: 

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* Campbell, Carl na Jody Campbell. 1987. Yadë Grammar Essentials. Ihe odide a na-ebipụtaghị. Ukarumpa, PNG: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
* Campbell, Carl na Jody Campbell. 1990. Yadë (Nagatman) - English Dictionary. Ihe odide a na-ebipụtaghị. Ukarumpa, PNG: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
* Campbell, Carl na Jody Campbell. 1997. Yalë (Nagatman, Yadë) Phonology Essentials. Ihe odide a na-ebipụtaghị. Ukarumpa, PNG: Summer Institute of Linguistics.

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ndepụta okwu asụsụ Nagastan na TransNewGuinea.org
* Paradisec nwere nchịkọta ohere na-emeghe nke gụnyere ihe asụsụ Yalë site na Don Laycock
Busa, nke nwere ike ịbụ asụsụ dịpụrụ adịpụ nke a na-asụ n'ebe ndịda. Yalë nwere mgbagwojuBusa, nke nwere ike ịbụ asụsụ dịpụrụ adịpụ nke a na-asụ n'ebe ndịda. Yalë nwere mgbagwoju
Asụsụ Aluo

**Aluo** (autonym: ɑ55 lo33 pho55;  **Naluo** ) bụ Asụsụ Loloish nke Ndị Yi nke China na-asụ. A makwaara ya site na aha Nasu (*Laka, Gan Yi, Yala, Lila, Niluo*).

## Aha
Gao (2017:31)  na-ekwu na na Wuding County, Yunnan, Aluo na Naluo bụ okwu ha nhata maka otu subgroup Yi. *N*Aluo** na Wuding County Gazetteer (1990) na-ezo aka n'ezie na ndị na-ekwu okwu Aluo (Gao 2017:31). A gaghị ejikọta *Naluo* na *Naruo*, asụsụ Taloid (Central Loloish) nke ugwu Yunnan.

## Ebe ndị a na-anọ
A na-asụ Aluo na mpaghara Wuding, Luquan, na Yuanmou, Yunnan, na mpaghara Huili na Miyi, Sichuan. Gao (2017)  na-akọ na a na-asụ Aluo (autonym: ; nke a makwaara dị ka Gan Yi) n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Wuding County nakwa na Sichuan. YYFC (1983)  akwụkwọ Aluo (autonym: ) nke Dongpo Township 东坡́族乡, Wuding County, Yunnan.

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* A na-enweta nchịkọta nchịkọta nke Aluo (Yi) ndekọ na Kaipuleohone.
na-akọ na a na-asụ Aluo (autonym: a55 lu33 pʰu55; nke a makwaara dị ka Gan Yi) n'ebena-akọ na a na-asụ Aluo (autonym: ; nke a makwaara dị ka Gan Yi) n'ebe
Asụsụ Tanimbili

**Tanimbili** (*Tanibili*), ma ọ bụ **Nyisunggu**, bụ asụsụ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ kwụsị na agwaetiti Utupua, na mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Solomon Islands . 

## Akwụkwọ

* 

## Edensibia
mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Solomon Islands .mpaghara ọLanguage contact and contact-induced language change in the EasternwụLanguage contact and contact-induced language change in the Eastern
Asụsụ Alago

**Alago**, ma ọ bụ **Idoma Nokwu**, bụ Asụsụ Idomoid nke ndị Sub-Saharan nke Naịjirịa na-asụ. Ndị alago bụ otu na ndị Idoma nke ụbọchị Benue na Naịjirịa. Otú  dị, a kwenyere na ndị Alago kewapụrụ onwe ha na ibe ha nke Idoma n'ihe dị ka 1200 AD.

Ndị Alago bụ ndị ọrụ ugbo na-akụ ọtụtụ nri ha na-eri. Ndị  gụnyere egusi, yam, ọka guinea, ọka na ọka ọka. Nri ndị a ma ama alago na-eri gụnyere ona-g'ishi (yam a tụfuru atụfu) na ona-g-iye nke a na-eri na ofe dị ka Owo'oho na Okeshe.

A maara ndị Alago maka nnwere onwe okpukpe n'ihi na ọ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị ịchọta ezinụlọ ndị na-alụbeghị di na ngwakọta nke Ndị Kraịst, ndị Alakụba na ndị na-eme okpukpe ọdịnala. Omume nke ndị na-esote bụ, Otú ọ dị, na-apụ n'anya ngwa ngwa n'etiti ọgbọ na-eto eto.

 nwere ọtụtụ olumba nke asụsụ ahụ, nke bụ isi bụ *Keana*. Asụsụ ndị ọzọ : [1]

* Agwatashi
* Akpanaja
* Aloshi
* Ana
* Mwakpo
* Doma
* Ibi

## Edensibia
ona-g'ishi (yam a tụfuru atụfu) na ona-g-iye nke a na-eri na ofe dị ka Owo'oho na Okeshe.ona-g'ishi (yam a tụfuru atụfu) na ona-g-iye nke a na-eri na ofe dị ka Owo'oho na Okeshe.
Asụsụ Ebira

**Ebira** (akpọ dị ka/eh 'be ra/; bụkwa nke a mara dị ka Igbira, Egbura, ma ọ bụ Okene)bụ asụsụ Niger-Congo. Ihe ruru nde mmadụ abụọ na-asụ ya North Central Nigeria. Ọ bụ asụsụ Nupoid kacha dị iche.

## Ebe a na-ekesa ya
Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na-asụ ya nọ na Kogi Steeti na Central nke steeti ahụ; na-eme ka agbụrụ nke abụọ kachasị ukwuu dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ mba nke 2006 Nasarawa Steeti na Toto Local Government Area, ebe a na-edekarị aha ahụ Egbura; Edo Steeti na Town of Igarra, ebe a maara asụsụ ahụ dị ka Etuno; na Federal Capital Territory na Town of Abaji. A na-asụkwa ya na Lapai (Niger State), Makurdi (Benue State na Kwara State na ụfọdụ na-ahụkwa na Ondo State (Akoko).

## Asụsụ
Ụdị Ebira bụ: 

* **Asụsụ Tao**, asụsụ a ma ama nke a na-eji na mgbasa ozi na mbipụta. A na-asụ ya n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke njikọ Niger-Benue
* **Asụsụ Koto (Okpoto) **, nke a na-asụ n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke njikọ Niger-Benue. A maara ya naanị site na ndepụta okwu na Sterk (1978a).

 (2019) depụtara Okene, Etuno (Tụnọ), na Koto.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụ okwu

* A na-anụ ụda /s, z/ dị ka [ʃ, ʒ] mgbe ọ na-esote ụdaume dị nso n'ihu na ọnọdụ mmalite.
* [l] dị n'efu na /ɾ/.
*  pụkwara ịnụ ụda na-enweghị olu /p, t, k/ dị ka [ph, th, kh] .

### Mkpụrụedemede

## Edensibia
rritory na Town of Abaji. A na-asụkwa ya na Lapai (Niger State), Makurdi (Benue State na Kwara State na ụfọdụ na-ahụkwa na Ondo State (Ak
Asụsụ Etulo

**Etulo** (Utur, Turumawa) bụ Asụsụ Idomoid nke etiti Naịjirịa.

## Nbudata
A na-asụ Etulo na:

* Katsina-Ala LGA, Benue StateỌnọdụ Benue
* Wukari LGA, Taraba SteetiSteeti Taraba

## Edensibia
A na-asụ Etulo na
Asụsụ Yali

**Yali** (Yaly, Jalè, Jaly) bụ Asụsụ Papua nke Indonesia New Guinea. Ndị Yali bi n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Ndagwurugwu Baliem, na Western Highlands.

Ọdịiche dị iche iche dị ukwuu nke na Ethnologue na-enye koodu dị iche iche na ụdị atọ:

* Ndagwurugwu Pass, nke a makwaara dị ka Abendago, North Ngalik, na Western Yali; subdialects bụ Ndagwurịta okwu Pass, Landikma, Apahapsili.
* Ninia, nke a makwaara dị ka North Ngalik na Southern Yali (Yali Selatan).
* Angguruk, nke a makwaara dị ka Northern Yali.

Otú ọ dị, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ọ dịghị ihe a maara banyere asụsụ a. Ọbụna nnọchiaha ahụ egosighi maka Ross (2005) iji dabere na nkewa.

Siegfried Zoellner, onye ozi ala ọzọ nke Germany, sụgharịrị Bible n'asụsụ Yali n'etiti 1960 na 1973.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
Phonology nke asụsụ Yali: 

A na-akpọ ụda /ɡ/ na njedebe nke okwu /ʁ/.

## Okwu na ahịrịokwu ndị bụ isi
Ihe na-esonụ bụ ndepụta nke okwu na ahịrịokwu ndị bụ isi n'asụsụ Yali:

*  - otu esi eme ka ị dị
*  - ekele maka gị
*  - a na-anabata gị
*  - enyi
*  - ọ dị mma
*  - nke ahụ
*  - nke a
*  - na
*  - ikwu okwu
*  - asụsụ
*  - nwoke
*  - akụkọ m / steeti
*  - akụkọ gị (sg.) 
*  - maka onwe m
*  - maka onwe gị
*  - maka ya
*  - maka onwe anyị
*  - maka onwe gị/onwe gị
* fam - *ọgwụgwụ nke nkwupụta
*  - Obi dị m ụtọ
*  - Enwere m mmasị na nke ahụ
* a den angge - enwere m
*  nomin - S/ọ bụ enyi m
* nomini - Ha bụ ndị enyi m
* ar nomin fano - S/ọ bụ ezigbo enyi
* ir a nomini Amerikoan - Ndị enyi m si America
* a nune Yali inune fam - Ana m ekwu Yali

## Aha nnọchiaha
Ndị a bụ nnọchiaha onwe onye nke asụsụ Yali:

## Edensibia

* 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Yali (Apahapsili) DoReCo corpus nke Sonja Riesberg chịkọtara. Ihe ndekọ ọdịyo nke ederede akụkọ na transcriptions oge-dabere na ọkwa ekwentị, nsụgharị, na oge-dabara morphological annotations.

nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ọ dịghị ihe a maara banyere asụsụ a. Ọbụna nnọchiaha ahụ egosighi maka Ross (2005) iji dabere na nkewa
Asụsụ Ngbaka Minagende

***Ngbàkà*** (Nkàgbà) bụ Asụsụ Gbaya nke ihe karịrị otu nde mmadụ na-asụ na Democratic Republic of the Congo. Ọ bụ asụsụ dị mkpa na mpaghara, nke Gilima, Ngbundu, Mbandja Ndị Mono na-eji, a na-akụzi ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị; 10% gụrụ akwụkwọ na Ngbaka.

*Ngbaka* bụ aha agbụrụ a na-ahụkarị; enwere ike ịmata ọdịiche dị n'asụsụ ahụ na asụsụ ndị ọzọ a na-akpọ "Ngbaka" dị ka **Ngbaka Gbaya** ma ọ bụ **Ngbaka Minagende**.

Enweghị ọdịiche dị ịrịba ama n'ime asụsụ Ngbaka, ọ pụkwara ịbụ ihe a na-aghọta na ndị otu asụsụ Manza.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụ okwu

* Trill /r/ na-emekarị na ideophones, na ọnọdụ mbụ na nke ikpeazụ. Mgbe ọ pụtara na okwu ndị a gbazitere, a na-akpọkarị ya dị ka [l] n'akụkụ.
* Akwụsị glottal /ʔ/ na-emekarị n'ihu ụdaume mmalite okwu.
* Ụda /ŋ͡m, ʔ, h, w/, anaghị apụta na ọnọdụ intervocalic.
* /ŋ/ apụtaghị na ọnọdụ mmalite okwu
* Enwere ike ịkpọpụta /f/ n'asụsụ ọdịda anyanwụ dị ka nkwụsị na-enweghị olu [p].
*  ike ịkpọpụta nkwụsị /k/ na-enweghị olu dị ka nkwụsị ụda [ɡ] n'asụsụ ọdịda anyanwụ.

### Mkpụrụedemede

## Usoro ide ihe

A na-egosi na a na-eji tilde na ụdaume: Sãoã, ɛ̃, ĩ, ɔ̃, ṹ.

A na-egosi ụda nke mkpụrụedemede na diacritics iji gbochie mgbagwoju anya:

* a na-eji ụda olu dị elu egosi: ːá, é, ɛ́, í, ó, ɔ́, ú, ã́, ɛ́ , ̆, ̆;
* a na-eji ụda olu dị ala egosipụta: 意, è, ɛ̀, ì, ò, ɔ̀, ù, ã̀, ɛ Kennedy, ĩ̀, ɔ́, ṹ;
* a naghị egosikarị ụda ndị a na mkpụrụ okwu mana enwere ike igosi ya na ụfọdụ ọrụ asụsụ: 
** ụda dị n'etiti na akara kwụ ọtọ n'elu: 意, e̍, ɛ̍, i̍, o̍, ɔ̍, u̍, ã̍, ɛ̃̍, ĩ̍, ɔ̃̍, ũ̍;
** ụda na-ada ada na ụda olu: ː, ê, ɛ̂, î, ô, ɔ̂, ã̂, ɛ̃̂, ĩ̂, ɔ̃̂, ũ̂;
** ụda na-arị elu na caron/hacek: ː, ɛ̌, ǐ, ǒ, ɔ̌, ã̌, ɛ̃̌, ĩ̌, ɔ̌. 

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ngbaka na Mahadum Ghent
agbụrụ a na-ahụkarị; enwere ike ịmata ọdịiche dị n'asụsụ ahụ na asụsụ ndị ọzọ a na-akpọ "Ngbaka" dịagbụrụ a na-ahụkarị; enwere ike ịmata ọdịiche dị n'asụsụ ahụ na asụsụ ndị ọzọ a na-akpọ "Ngbaka" dị