Samson Raphael Hirsch

Àjà nke Manoah (1640–50) nke Eustache Le Sueur

A anim Hirsch na Hamburg, nke bụ nke Napoleon France mgbe ahụ.  Nna ya, Raphael Arye Hirsch, ọ bụ ebe na ọ bụ onye ahaha, ndị oge dị ukwuu na ọkụ Torah;  nna nna ya, Mendel Frankfurter, bụ onye akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ Talmud Torah dị na Hamburg na onye ndú rabaị na-akpa akpara nke agbata obi nke Altona ;  na nna nna ya, Juda Leib (Löb) Frankfurter Shapira (1743-1846), bụ onye dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ Hibru, .Samson Raphael Hirsch ( Hibru  ; June 20, 1808 - Disemba 31, 1888) bụ onye rabaị Ọtọks German nke a kacha mara amara dị ka onye nchoputa isi nke ụlọ akwụkwọ Torah im Derech Eretz nke ndị ndu Juu Ọtọdọks nke oge  a.  Mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ neo-Orthodoxy, nkà ihe nkiri ya, yana nke Azriel Hildesheimer, enwewo dị ukwuu na ike nke ndị Juu Ọtọks .  [1]

## Afọ mbụ na agụmakwụkwọ
. A anim Hirsch na Hamburg, nke bụ nke Napoleon France mgbe ahụ.  Nna ya, Raphael Arye Hirsch, ọ bụ ebe na ọ bụ onye ahaha, ndị oge dị ukwuu na ọkụ Torah;  nna nna ya, Mendel Frankfurter, bụ onye akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ Talmud Torah dị na Hamburg na onye ndú rabaị na-akpa akpara nke agbata obi nke Altona ;  na nna nna ya, Juda Leib (Löb) Frankfurter Shapira (1743-1846), bụ onye dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ Hibru, .

## Ọrụ
thumb|279x279px| Ihe atụ nke 1868.

### Oldenburg
N'afọ 1830, a họpụtara Hirsch ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi ndị rabaị ( *Ladesrabbiner* ) nke Ọchịchị Oldenburg . N'ime oge a, o dere *Neunzehn Briefe über Judenthum,* ( *Akwụkwọ Ozi iri na itoolu na okpukpe ndị Juu* ) nke e bipụtara n'okpuru pseudonym nke "Ben Usiel" (ma ọ bụ "Uziel"), na Altona na 1836. Ọrụ a nwere mmetụta miri emi na gburugburu ndị Juu German n'ihi na ọ bụ "ihe ọhụrụ - ihe ngosi na-egbuke egbuke nke okpukpe ndị Juu nke Ọtọdọks na German oge ochie, na enweghị atụ egwu, nchebe na-enweghị mgbagha nke ụlọ ọrụ na iwu ya niile". 

### Emden
Hirsch ụzọ na Oldenburg ruo 1841 mgbe a mgbaàmà ya onye isi rabaị nke nsogbu Hanoverian nke Aurich na Osnabrück, ya na ebe obibi ya na Emden .  N'ime afọ ise a, ọ ịrị nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nke zuru oke site n'ahụ obodo ma nwee obere oge maka ide ihe.  Otú ọ dị, ọ dị, ọ nwera ụlọ akwụkwọ nwera usoro nke na-ama-ama nke ihe ndị Juu na usoro ihe omume ụwa, na nke mbụ ya na-eji iwu ya Torah im Derech Eretz ("The Torah is maximalized na fim ya"  na nke aka nke ụwa")

Na 1843, Hirsch tinyere akwụkwọ maka ọkwa Chief Rabbi nke Alaeze Ukwu Britain . N'ime ndị na-aga ime 13, nke ka ukwuu site na Germany, o ruru ndepụta nke anọ: Nathan Marcus Adler, Hirsch Hirschfeld, Benjamin Hirsch Auerbach, na Hirsch.  Adler meriri ọnọdụ ahụ na Disemba 1, 1844. Ebe obodo 135 nwere otu votu nke ọ bụla, Adler nwetara votu 121, Hirschfeld 12, na Hirsch 2. 

Na 1846, a kpọrọ Hirsch ka ọ bụrụ onye rabaị nke Nikolsburg na Moravia, na 1847, ọ ghọrọ onye isi rabbi nke Moravia na Silesia Austrian. N'Austria, ọ nọrọ afọ ise n'ịhazigharị ọgbakọ ndị Juu na ntụziaka nke ọtụtụ ndị na-eso ụzọ; ọ bụkwa, n'ọkwa ọchịchị ya dị ka onye isi rabaị, onye otu Moravian *Landtag*, ebe ọ na-agba mbọ maka oke ikike obodo maka ndị Juu nọ na Moravia. 

### Frankfurt am Main
Na 1851, ọ nakweere ọkpụkpọ oku dị ka rabaị nke otu ndị na-ekewapụ ndị Ọtọdọks na Frankfurt am Main, akụkụ nke obodo ndị Juu nke nabatara n'ụzọ dị ukwuu Reform Reform Judaism. Ìgwè a, nke a maara dị ka “Israel Religious Society” (“Israelitische Religions-Gesellschaft” ma ọ bụ IRG), ghọrọ, n’okpuru ọchịchị ya, nnukwu ọgbakọ, nke nwere ihe dị ka ezinụlọ 500. Hirsch nọgidere bụrụ onye rabaị nke ọgbakọ a ruo oge ndụ ya fọdụrụnụ. 

#### ''Ọstritt''
Na 1876, Edward Lasker (onye omeiwu ndị Juu na Prussian Landtag ) webatara " Bill Secession" ( *Austrittsgesetz* ), nke ga-enyere ndị Juu aka ịpụ n'ọgbakọ okpukpe na-enweghị ịhapụ ọkwa okpukpe ha. Emere iwu ahụ na Julaị 28, 1876. N'agbanyeghị iwu ọhụrụ ahụ, esemokwu bilitere ma iwu ndị Juu chọrọ " *Austritt* " (nkewa) . Hirsch kwuru na nke a bụ iwu, n'agbanyeghị na ọ gụnyere ikpe ikpe na nkwenye a na-ahụ anya nke "Main Community" ( *Grossgemeinde* ) na-achị Reform. Onye ya na ya dịkọrọ ndụ Isaac Dov (Seligman Baer) Bamberger, Rabbi nke Würzburg, rụrụ ụka na ọ bụrụhaala na *Grossgemeinde* mere ndokwa kwesịrị ekwesị maka òtù Ọtọdọks, nkewa adịghị mkpa. Esemokwu ahụ kpatara ọgba aghara dị egwu na ọtụtụ mmetụta na-ewute ya, a pụkwara inwe mmetụta nhụsianya ya ga-esochi ya ruo mgbe ndị Nazi bibiri obodo Frankfurt kasịnụ. 

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ

* *Akwụkwọ ozi iri na itoolu*, nke Jacob Breuer kwadoro na mbipụta ọhụrụ dabere na ntụgharị nke Rabbi Dr. Bernard Drachman. Feldheim, 1960.
* *Akwụkwọ ozi iri na itoolu*, nke Karin Paritzky sụgharịrị ọhụrụ; edegharịrị ya na nkọwa zuru oke nke Joseph Elias dere. Ndị mbipụta Feldheim. Nke abụọ, mbipụta emeziri 1996.  .
* *Horeb: Nkà ihe ọmụma nke iwu ndị Juu na emume ndị Juu*, Tụgharịrị site na mbụ German na Okwu Mmalite na Nkọwa nke Dayan Dr. I. Grunfeld. Soncino Press, 1962. Mpịakọta nke I & II. ISBN&nbsp; .
* *Pentateuch - na ntụgharị asụsụ na nkọwa*, Judaica Press, 1962. ISBN&nbsp; . Daniel Haberman weghachiri ya na ntụgharị asụsụ ọhụrụ dị ka *The Hirsch Chumash*, Feldheim/Judaica Press, 2009. ISBN&nbsp; .
* *Onye Hirsch Siddur* . Philipp Feldheim, 1978. ISBN&nbsp; .
* *Edemede anakọtara nke Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch* . Philipp Feldheim, 1984–2012 (Mpịakọta 9). ISBN&nbsp; .
* *Abụ Ọma - ya na ntụgharị asụsụ na nkọwa* . Philipp Feldheim, 1960. Ebipụtara 2014 edegharịgharị. ISBN&nbsp; .
* Ụbọchị izu ike nke ndị Juu, nke Ben Josephussoro sụgharịrị. Mullock na Ụmụ, 1911.
* *Amụma ndị Juu- Edemede Anakọtara Mpịakọta nke Atọ* . Philipp Feldheim, 1984. ISBN&nbsp; .
* *Torah na-enweghị oge : akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch.* Jacob Breuer deziri ya. Philipp Feldheim, 1957.