open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ahmed Toughan

**Ahmed S. Toughan** (amụrụ na 1926, n'Ijipt) bụ onye Ijipt na-ese ihe nkiri na onye na-ese egwu.

## Ọrụ
A mụrụ Toughan n'Ijipt n'afọ 1926 ma a zụlitere ya na Cairo. N'afọ 1946, ọ malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye nta akụkọ na onye na-ese ihe nkiri n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ, akwụkwọ akụkọ na magazin ndị Ijipt. Ọrụ mbụ ya na nke a na-akpọsa nke ọma bịara n'oge ọ nọ na Rose al-Yūsuf, magazin ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị a ma ama kwa izu na magazin Akhbar El Yom kwa izu. N'afọ 1953, mgbe mgbanwe nke mere ka onye isi ala Gamal Abdel Nasser chịa, Toughan bụ otu n'ime ndị guzobere akwụkwọ akụkọ Al Gomhuria kwa ụbọchị. N'afọ 1980, Toughan mepụtara magazin na-ese ihe nkiri kwa izu, Caricature, ya na onye na-ese foto ibe ya Mustafa Hussein.

N'oge niile ọ na-arụ ọrụ, Toughan ebipụtala ihe karịrị ihe osise pụkụ ịrị ise na akwụkwọ akụkọ kwa ụbọchị, magazin na akwụkwọ iri na otu nwere ihe osise kemgbe 1946.

Ahmed Toughan bụ onye natara ọtụtụ onyinye, nke gụnyere Head of Arab Cartoonists (1987), Human Rights Award (1988), na Grand Medal of Fine Art (1997). A na-ewere Toughan dị ka otu n'ime ndị a na-asọpụrụ nke ndị na-ese ihe nkiri ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na Arab World.

## Njikọ mpụga

* Toughan na Toughanism
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
William Sidney Pittman

**William Sidney Pittman** (Eprel 21, 1875 ruo Maachị 14, 1958) bụ onye Amerịka na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke rụrụ ọtụtụ ụlọ ama ama, dị ka Zion Baptist Church na Deanwood Chess House dị nso na mpaghara Deanwood nke Washington, DC. Ọ bụ ọgọ Booker T. Washington.

## Akụkọ ndụ
thumb|Twelfth Street YMCA Building, 1816 Twelfth Avenue Northwest (Washington, District of Columbia)
A mụrụ Pittman N'Eprel 21, 1875 na Montgomery, Alabama n'aka onye bụbu ohu na-asa ákwà na onye ọcha a ma ama n'obodo ahụ. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asaa, Pittman gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Tuskegee Institute, ebe ọ gụsịrị mmemme na ọrụ osisi na eserese ụlọ na 1897. E nyere ya agụmakwụkwọ ka ọ gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ Drexel Institute na-acha ọcha na Philadelphia,  ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ afọ ise nke ihe owuwu na ihe osise igwe n'ime naanị afọ atọ, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1900, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị ọ laghachiri Tuskegee iji kụzie maka afọ ise sochirinụ.

Pittmann rụrụ ọtụtụ ụlọ maka Tuskegee Institute, gụnyere Collis P. Huntington Memorial Building (1900 ruo 05). Mgbe ahụ, ọ kwagara Washington, DC, wee mepụta ọrụ owuwu nke ya na-aga nke ọma, na-enweta ọtụtụ ọrụ dị mkpa. Ọ mepụtara mmepe ụlọ Fairmount Heights maka ndị isi ojii na mpụga Maryland. N'afọ 1907, ọ lụrụ Portia Washington, nwa nwanyị nke Booker T. Washington, ụlọ ezinụlọ nke Pittman rụrụ na Fairmount Heights bụ ihe ịrịba ama ama. Pittman meriri ọrụ gọọmentị etiti maka Negro Building na Tercentennial Exposition na Jamestown, Virginia na 1907. O chepụtara ọbá akwụkwọ Colored Carnegie nke Houston, nke e wuru na 1913 dị ka naanị ọbá akwụkwọ dị maka ndị Afrịka Amerịka nke obodo ahụ.

Pittman kwagara Texas na 1913 iji gbanahụ mmetụta nke nna nna ya a ma ama. Ozugbo ọ nọ na Texas, Pittman wuru ụlọ nsọ Pythian (1915 ruo 16), na St. James African Methodist Episcopal Church (1920) na Dallas, Allen Chapel A.M.E. Church na Fort Worth (1914); Joshua Chapel A,M.E Church na (Waxahachie 1917) na Wesley Chapel A., M.E. na Houston (1926).

N'afọ 1928, mgbe ha zụlitere ụmụ atọ, Pittman na nwunye ya (Portia Washington Pittman), nwa nwanyị nke onye isi ojii a ma ama Booker T Washington, kewara. Ọ laghachiri ịkụzi na Tuskegee. Ọ hapụrụ ọrụ nke ihe owuwu, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ọkwá nkà. N'ime ihe ka ukwuu n'ime afọ iri abụọ sochirinụ, o bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ kwa izu nke nwere echiche na esemokwu nke akpọrọ The Brotherhood Eyes, olu na-emegide n'etiti ndị Afrịka na Amerịka nke bụ ihe ọzọ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị dị ka *Dallas Weekly* ma ọ bụ *Dallas Express*. N'akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ, ọ wakporo ihe ọ hụrụ dị ka ọdịda n'etiti ndị nkwusa obodo na ndị isi ojii ndị ọzọ, na-enweta onwe ya ọtụtụ ndị iro.

Pittman nwụrụ na Maachị 14, 1958 na Dallas, ebe e liri ya na Glen Oaks Cemetery.

## Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka

Usòrò:Allen Chapel AME Church.jpg|Allen Chapel AME Church, Fort Worth
Usòrò:Kn pyth dallas2.png|Knights of Pythias Temple, Elm Street, Dallas, Texas
Usòrò:Wesley AME portico.jpg|Portico nke Wesley Chapel AME Church na Houston


## Edensibia
Folayemi Wilson

**Folayemi "Fo" Debra Wilson** bụ onye America na-ese ihe, onye na-ese onyinyo, na onye nchịkwa agụmakwụkwọ. Ọrụ ya gụnyere ọrụ dị ka onye na-emepụta oche na onye na-eme ihe, onye na-ese ihe, onye ọrụ mgbidi, na onye na'ihe osise. Wilson bụ onye isi oche mbụ maka ịnweta na ikpe ziri ezi na Penn State College of Arts and Architecture.

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
Wilson nwere nzere MBA na Mahadum New York Stern School of Business, na nzere MFA (2005) na imewe ụlọ site n'ụlọ akwụkwọ Rhode Island School of Design (RISD).

## Ọrụ imepụta ihe
Na mmalite ọrụ ya, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ihe osise, onye nduzi nka, na onye nduzi okike. Wilson rụrụ ọrụ maka *magazin* Essence na *YSB*. N'afọ 1984, a kpọrọ Wilson onye nduzi nka nwanyị mbụ na magazin Essence. N'afọ 1991, o guzobere *Studio W*., ụlọ ọrụ na-ese ihe osise, na-ewulite ahụmịhe ọkachamara ya site na ọrụ nke ụlọọrụ magazin.

N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2016, ya na Norman Teague guzobere blkHaUS Studios, ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ihe na Chicago. Ọrụ ha na-elekwasị anya na omume ọha na eze, iji mee ka oghere ọha na eze na Chicago bụrụ ihe na-adọrọ mmasị. Ọrụ *Back Alley Jazz* nke blkHaUS Studios rụrụ ọrụ iji mee ka ọdịbendị jazz na omenala dị na Chicago na 1960s na 1970s; ha kpọkọtara ndị egwu obodo, ndị na-ese ihe na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri iji wuo ihe omume na oghere arụmọrụ.

## Ọrụ nka anya
N'afọ 1995, Renee Cox, Fo Wilson, na Tony Cokes mepụtara Negro Art Collective (NAC) iji lụso ọdịbendị na-ezighị ezi banyere ndị ojii America ọgụ.

N'afọ 2008, Wilson wuru ihe ngosi sayensị nke senchiri nke iri na itoolu na-echeta Sartje Baartman (nke a makwaara dị ka "The Hottentot Venus") n'oge obibi na School of Art + Design na SUNY / Purchase.

Ihe owuwu ya na 2016 Eliza's Peculiar Cabinet of Curiosities, bụ ụlọ e wuru, zuru oke, senchiri nke ịrị na itoolu, akụkọ ifo, ụlọ ohu nwere ụlọ ọrụ na-adọrọ mmasị jupụtara na ihe otu narị nke ihe nwanyị Africa America nke oge a nwere ike inwe ma ọ bụ rọrọ nrọ inwe. Eliza's Peculiar Cabinet of Curiosities bụ ọrụ na-aga n'ihu, Afrofuturist ma jiri ya mee ihe dị ka ebe maka ihe omume na arụmọrụ ndị metụtara ya; na ngosi na 2016 ruo 2017 na Lynden Sculpture Garden na Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

N'afọ 2019, e nyere ya ọrụ ịmepụta nka ọha maka Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) n'ime ọdụ Damen Green Line e wuru ọhụrụ. Ọrụ ya dị na nchịkọta ihe ngosi nka na Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum. Wilson jere ozi na bọọdụ nke American Craft Council (ACC).

## Ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ
N'ọnwa Julaị 2021, a họpụtara Wilson dị ka onye isi oche mbụ maka ịnweta na ikpe ziri ezi na Penn State College of Arts and Architecture. Ọ bụbu onye nduzi nke agụmakwụkwọ dị iche iche, ikpe ziri ezi na itinye aka na Columbia College Chicago.

## Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara

* 
* The Baartman Diaries (Chicago, Illinois: Studio W Editions).
* 

## Hụkwa

* Cheryl D. Miller
* Ndepụta nke ndị na-ese ihe nkiri African-American

## Ebensidee

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Art Sims

Art Sims (amụrụ n'afọ 1954) bụ onye Africa-America na-ese ihe osise na onye nduzi nka amụrụ na Detroit, Michigan n'afọ 1954. A maara Sims nke ọma maka ihe ngosi ya maka ihe nkiri ndị Africa America, gụnyere Do the Right Thing (1998) na The Color Purple (1985). Ọ bụ onye isi na onye guzobere 11:24 Design Advertising na Los Angeles. N'oge niile ọ na-arụ ọrụ, Sims etinyela aka n'ịkwalite na ime ka nka na ọdịbendị ndị Africa America pụta ìhè.

## Ọrụ
Sims gara ụlọakwụkwọ Cass Technical High School na Detroit wee nata agụmakwụkwọ iji gaa Mahadum Michigan State site na 1971 ruo 1975.

Mgbe ọ ka nọ na kọleji, Sims were ọnọdụ dị ka onye nduzi nka na Columbia Records na Los Angeles, ebe o mepụtara usoro mkpuchi abọm. Ọ gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na Los Angeles dị ka onye nduzi nka na EMI ruo afọ anọ. Sims wee malite ụlọ ọrụ ya 11:24 Design Advertising na 1981.

N'etiti ihe osise mkpuchi abọm ọ mepụtara bụ:

* Little River Band (1975)
* Bob Welch na *French Kiss* (1977)
* Mink DeVille bụ obodo *Cabretta* (1977)
* Minnie Riperton (1979)
* Nkezi White Band Shine (1980)
* Stanley Turrentine bụ otu (1981)
* Lamont Dozier Sin *Lamont* (1981)
* Johnny Guitar Watson na-eme ihe na kọmputa (1984)
* George Thorogood na ndị na-ebibi ụgbọ mmiri bụ *Maverick* (1985)

Sims esorowo ndị na-eme ihe nkiri dịka Steven Spielberg, Jon Kilik, George Lucas, John Singleton, na Spike Lee rụọ ọrụ. O mepụtara ihe ngosi maka The Color Purple (1985), Clockers (1995), Do the Right Thing (1989), Dreamgirls (2006), Girl 6 (1996), A Huey P. Newton Story (2001), Jungle Fever (1991),  (1992), Summer of Sam (1999), Woman, Thou Art Loosed (2004), *Bamboozled* (2000), When the Levees Broke: A Requiem in Four Acts (2006), New Jack City (1991),  (2009), Love and Basketball (2000), Mo Better Blues (1990), The Secret Life of Bees (2004), Brooklyn Crookes (2009), The Secret Panthetes (2009), Brooklyn's Finest (2009) na Black Panther (2018) 

## Ebensidee

## Njikọ mpụga

* Official website
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Erik Hassle

thumb|áká_ịkẹngạ
Amụrụ Hassle na Salem Municipality, Stockholm. A zụlitere ya n'obodo Bie dị ke tara Katrineholm, ebe ndị na-eti egwu n'ógbè ahụ gbakọtara n'ụlọ ihe nkiri obodo nne na nna ya. 
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Chinonye Chukwu

**Chinonye Chukwu** (/ˈtʃiːnoʊjə ˈtʃuːkuː/; amụrụ n'afọ 1985) bụ onye nduzi ihe nkiri Naijiria-Amerịka nke a maara nke ọma maka ihe nkiri Clemency . Ọ bụ nwanyị ojii mbụ turugọ U.S. Dramatic Grand Jury Prize na Sundance.

A mụrụ Chukwu na Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Mgbe ọ dị ihe karịrị otu afọ, ezinụlọ ya kwagara Oklahoma, wee kwaga ọzọ na Fairbanks, Alaska mgbe ọ dị afọ isii. Ha gara Naịjirịa ugboro ugboro.

N'ịbụ onye na-etolite na Alaska, Chukwu na-abụkari naanị onye na-acha iche na klas ya, ọ gbakwara mbọ ịsonye. N'oge ọ bụ nwata, ọ na-eche ịda mbà n'obi ihu, nke obere ìhè ehihie n'oge oyi na Alaska mere ka ọ ka njọ. Iji nagide ya, ọ gụrụ Maya Angelou wee sonye na klọb na-ebuli ihe dị arọ. Chukwu chọrọ ime ihe nkiri mgbe niile. N'oge ọ nọ n'afọ iri na ụma, o bu akwụkwọ akụkọ na ọ ga-ede echiche maka ihe nkiri na vidiyo egwu. Ọ na-edekarị akụkọ banyere ụmụ agbọghọ Naijiria-Amerịka na-ejikọghachi na ịhụnanya ma ọ bụ ụmụnne furu efu.

Ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ ya na Bekee na Mahadum DePauw, ebe ọ sonyeere Zeta Phi Beta. O mechara banye n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ihe nkiri na Mahadum Temple .

Chukwu duziri The Dance Lesson na afọ 2010, banyere nwa agbọghọ ọnye ojii nke na-agba mbọ ịghọ onye na-agba egwú n'ime obodo na-abawanye ụba. Ihe nkiri mbụ ya, Alaska-Land (2012), kọrọ akụkọ banyere nwanne nwoke na nwanne nwanyị abụọ Naijiria-America na-anọpụ iche bụ ndị mechara gbakọta n'obodo ha Fairbanks, Alaska. A jụrụ ihe nkiri ahụ site na mmemme ọ bụla na mmemme nyocha ọ tinyere akwụkwọ.Chinonye Chukwu Has Made the Most Devastating Movie of the Year|author=Okeowo|first=Alexis|work=Vogue|language=en|accessdate=2020-04-14}} N'afọ 2013 o duziri A Long Walk (2013), ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi banyere nwatakịrị nna ya na-akwa emo n'ihu ọha.

Clemency (2019) bụ Chukwu dere ma duzie ya. Ihe nkiri na-eme n'ọnụ ọnwụ bụ Alfre Woodard dị ka onye na-elekọta ụlọ mkpọrọ na-anabata ihe ndị ọrụ ya chọrọ na Aldis Hodge dị ka otu n'ime ndị mkpọrọ ya a ga-egbu ya. Mmụọ ya maka ihe nkiri ahụ sitere n'okwu Troy Davis, onye mkpọrọ e gburu na 2011. Ọ kwagara Los Angeles na 2017 iji gbaa ihe nkiri ahụ. Ọ natara onyinye nke U.S. Dramatic Grand Jury Prize na 2019 Sundance, nwanyị ojii mbụ mere ya.

Chukwu dere ma duzie ihe nkiri 2022 Till, ihe nkiri akụkọ ndụ banyere ịchụso ikpe ziri ezi nke Mamie Till-Mobley mgbe e gbusịrị nwa ya nwoke dị afọ 14 Emmett Louis Till na 1955.

N'afọ 2019, a kọrọ na Chukwu ga-eduzi A Taste Of Power, ihe nkiri dabere na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke otu aha nke Elaine Brown.

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Mike Eghan

**Mike Eghan** (amụrụ na 14 Machị n'afọ 1936) bụ onye mgbasa ozi na Ghana, nke a makwaara dị ka "The Magnificent Emperor". N'ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-egosi redio nke gafere afọ iri isii, Eghan kwadoro mmemme maka Ghana Broadcasting Corporation (GBC) na maka BBC World Service na London. Ọ bụ onye isi nke ememe maka egwu akụkọ ihe mere eme na Ghana Soul to Soul, nke mere na Black Star Square na 1971 ma gosipụta ọtụtụ ndị omenkà Africa-America a ma ama n'akụkụ ndị egwu Ghana.

E bipụtara *akụkọ* ndụ Eghan, The "Emperor's" akuko si na etiti nwa ewepụtara n'afọ 2019. N'okwu Anis Haffar: "Ihe ọmụma kaleidoscopic nke nwoke ahụ banyere azụmahịa ngosi, mgbasa ozi, ntụrụndụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-abanye n'ọwara nke izute onwe onye. Ọ na-ekerịta akụkọ ihe mere eme site n'echiche atụmatụ nke ọrụ ya n'ime ya. "

A mụrụ ya na Sekondi-Takoradi, Gold Coast (nke bu Ghana ugbua), nke ise n'ime ụmụnne itoolu, Eghan sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke nna ya na-arụ ọrụ gọọmentị Ben Eghan nwere mmasị na redio iji sonye na Ghana Broadcasting Corporation (GBC) na 1961, mgbe ọ hapụsịrị ọrụ na Barclays Bank nke e nwetara maka ya.

N'afọ 1965, ọ gara Britain, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ na BBC Africa Service, na-akwado mmemme Music with African Beat ruo afọ anọ. na ọtụtụ afọ Foto Eghan e sere n'oge a so n'ọrụ ndị a ma ama nke onye na-ese foto na Ghana bụ James Barnor. Mgbe ọ hapụrụ BBC, Eghan laghachiri n'ụlọ iji rụọ ọrụ na GBC, na-achọ inye aka na mmepe nke Ghana ma zụlite ụmụ ya n'ebe ahụ.

O kwuru, sị: "Otu n'ime ihe ndị dị ịrịba ama n'ọrụ m dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-egosi redio bụ ọrụ m dị ka emcee (onye isi nke ememe) maka egwu egwu egwu akụkọ ihe mere eme nke akpọrọ 'Soul to Soul'. Ebumnuche nke egwu egwu a bụ ime ka ndị Afrịka na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Afrịka na Amerịka gbakọọ aka ka ha na-eme egwu na kọntinent Afrịka iji weghachite akụkọ ihe mere eme ha. Ekwenyere na mgbalị dị otú ahụ ga-akpali ndị isi ojii n'ụwa niile yana ọhụụ Osagyefo Dr Kwame Nkrumah nwere maka Black Race. " Ndị otu *mkpụrụ obi*, ndị ozioma na ndị na-agba egwu sonyere na Soul to Soul, nke mere na Black Star Square (nke bụ Independence Square ugbu a), gụnyere Wilson Pickett, Ike na Tina Turner, Les McCann, Eddie Harris, The Staple Singers, Carlos Santana, Roberta Flack, Willie Bobo, Voices of East Harlem, na ndị ọzọ.

Eghan's popular 1970s talk show, The Mike Eghan Show, gosipụtara ndị ọbịa gụnyere Miriam Makeba, Ephraim Amu na Captain J. H. Tachie-Menson. Eghan mechara nweta ọrụ dị ka onye njikwa ọgwụgwọ na Volta River Authority, wee nwee ọrụ ọzọ na UK na BBC.  ọ laghachiri Ghana, ọ maliteghachiri ọrụ na GBC, ma mesịa na-elekọta Sundown Hotel.

Ọ gosiputara *akwụkwọ* ncheta ya, The "Emperor" Story From the Centre of the World, mgbe ọ dị afọ 83 na Accra n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2019 na Mahadum nke Ghana's Institute of African Studies, oge nke Prọfesọ Esi Sutherland-Addy duziri.

E gosipụtara ihe nkiri iji sọpụrụ Eghan, nke Andrew Gyawu-Mensah mepụtara, na Machị n'afọ 2017.

Ihe nrite Eghan gụnyere Grand Medal iji kwado ọrụ ya dị mma na mgbasa ozi.
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Fela Kuti (song)

***Carnival*** III: The Fall and Rise of a Refugee bụ nke asatọ studio-album nke onye na-agụ egwu na onye na-ede egwu na onye rapper Wyclef Jean. A wepụrụtara ya na Septemba 15, n'afọ 2017.

Na June 22, n'afọ 2017, Jean wepụtara egwu mbụ site na abọm ahụ, nke akpọrọ "Fela Kuti", tinyere egwu ọzọ, nke akpụrụ "What Happened to Love". Na Julaị 14, n'afọ 2017, Wyclef wepụtara "Fela Kuti" vidiyo abụ.

Mai Perkins nke Pop *Magazine* dere na nyocha dị mma, "Carnival 3 ziri ezi n'oge. Edere egwu Wyclefī na-eto eto na ike na ntachi obi. Abọm ahụ bụ ọrụ dị mkpirikpi nke nwere ọtụtụ atụmatụ na otuto nye ndị dị ka Fela Kuti yana akara nke hip-hop. " Maazị Wavvy nke Cult MTL nyere nkatọ na-adịghị mma, na-akọwa abọm ahụ dị ka "ihe dị ọnụ ala nke nostalgia cash-in".

Na Disemba 25, n'afọ 2017, Jean kwupụtara The Carnival Tour na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta. Ọ malitere na Febụwarị 9, n'afọ 2018, wee gwụ na Ọktoba 26, n'afọ 2018, mgbe mememe iri ise na isee gosipụtara.
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Rubanda-Mayonza

**Rubanda-Mayonza**, nke a makwaara dị ka Rutabatiina Mwene Busingye Emanzi Etahunga, bụ onye na-emepụta ejiji nke Uganda, onye ọchụnta ego nakwa onyeisi  na ihe gbasara ichurutu nta ego. Ọ bụ onye guzobere ejiji Rubanda Mayonza, akara ejiji e-commerce nke Africa na Uganda.

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
Rubanda Mayonza gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Ntare na Mbarara maka agụmakwụkwọ sekondiri nke nta nakwa nke ukwuu. . N'afọ 2013 ọ sonyeere Mahadum Makerere ma n'afọ 2018 gụsịrị akwụkwọ na nzere bachelọ nke sayensị na nri na-edozi ahụ. Ọ bụ mgbe ọ nọ na Mahadum makerere ka mmasị ya maka ejiji na ime ihe ngosi malitere ịmalite ka ọ malitere isonye na ihe ngosi ejiji gburugburu ụlọ akwụkwọ.

Na Makerere, ọ bụ onye isi otu ndị ntorobịa na-eto eto na mpaghara Afrịka nke a maara dị ka Waharakati Africa. o  na-egosipụta nguzo Pan African ya n'ụzọ ọ na-esi eme ejiji. Ka ọ na-erukwa ngwụcha ụbọchị Mahadum ya, ọ malitere iweta ejiji ndị ọzọ n'ime uwe ejiji nke Afrịka bụ(Bitenge) site n'ịmepụta uwe ejiji Pan African.

## Azụmaahịa na ọrụ
Rubanda mayonzà malitere ọrụ ejiji ya site na iweputa ebe ndị Africa ga enwe ike na zukota na interneti ,ebe ndị ana azu ahia ihe ndi eji eme ejiji na akara e commerce sites no na Kampala Uganda na afọ 2015.  na afọ 2017 obidoro Mmepụta ba uwe elu nke ina emepụta Kwa maka umu nwoke na ime interneti jumia shop uzo Mmepụta ejiji ya bidoro banyewa nke na obidoro mmeputawa uwe umunwanyi nakwa ihe ndi ọzọ dika okpu, nnukwu akwa eji ekpuchi oyi, nakwazi jakeeti..a

Nchịkọta Rubanda-Mayonza na-enwekarị mmetụta nke ejiji nke Pan Africanists na subcultures nke Uganda ma na-ere ahịa na njikọ ya na pan Africanism. Ọ bụ onye nwe ya na onye isi na-emepụta ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, na-eduga ndị otu ha na emepụta ejiji  ma na-elekọta usoro okike niile.

## Ndetu

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Alice Taylor Gafford

**Alice Taylor Gafford** (ubochí irí na isé n'ọnwa Ọgọst, 1886 rụo ubochí irí abụọ na asaá n'ọnwa Ọktoba, 1981) bụ ónyé nọọsụ America, onye nkuzi, na ónyé na-ese ihe, nke bi na Los Angeles.

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Alice Taylor na Tecumseh, Kansas, otu n'ime ụmụ iri.  Nné na nnà ya bụ Benjamin na Alice Armstead Taylor.

## Ọrụ
Gafford bụ onye nọọsụ afọ iri abụọ na ise tupu ọ malite ọrụ nka.  Ihe a ma ama site na ọrụ mbụ ya bụ oge ọ rụrụ na American Red Cross na Alaska (1915), ma soro Daniel Hale Williams rụọ ọrụ na Chicago.

Ọ kwagara Los Angeles na 1922.  Ọ zụrụ na Otis Art Institute (nke a na-akpọzi Otis College of Art and Design) wee nweta asambodo nkụzi na UCLA na 1951, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri isii na ise, ma kụzie nka na mmemme agụmakwụkwọ ndị okenye.

Ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ọbọdọ Val Verde, na-akụzi ma na-eme ihe ngosi nka, ma na-eduzi Val Verde Women's Cultural Society.  A na-egosikarị ọrụ ya, nke ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ndụ ma ọ bụ ihe nkiri ala, n'afọ ndị ikpeazụ ya. Mgbe ọ dị afọ 81, ọ natara ọrụ ise foto nke ndị Africa America iri na abụọ a ma ama, maka ngosi na ụlọ ọrụ Family Savings and Loan Association na Los Angeles.

Gafford sonyere n'ịtọ ntọala Los Angeles Negro Art Association na 1937, na ụlọ ngosi Eleven Associated Artists (mgbe e mesịrị Art West Association) na etiti Los Angeles.
Ndị na-ese ihe na Los Angeles na-adịte aka gụnyere ndị Africa America Beulah Woodard, William Pajaud na ónyé China America na-ese egwu Tyrus Wong.

A kpọrọ ya "ónyé isi nke ndị na-ese ihe ojii na Los Angeles" iji kwado idu ndú ọbọdọ ya. Ihe osise mmanụ ya bụ akụkụ nke ihe ngosi Negro History Week na Doheny Library na 1953.

## Ndụ onwe onye
Alice Taylor lụrụ Louis Sherman Gafford, ónyé agha nke Agha Ụwa Mbụ, na 1928.  Ọ nwụrụ n'afọ 1959, ma kwụsị ise ihe n'afọ 1975, mgbe ọ nwesịrị ọrịa anya. Alice Taylor Gafford nwụrụ na 1981, mgbe ọ dị afọ 95, e lie ozu ya na Los Angeles National Cemetery.

## Ihe Nketa
A maara Gafford màkà ọrụ ya n'ịtọ ntọala na ịzụlite ọtụtụ ìgwè nka na ndịda California, gụnyere ihe ngosi nka Val Verde kwa afọ, nke e mechara gụọ aha ya.  A na-echeta ya dị ka nwanyị Africa-America na-ese ihe na Los Angeles, yana dị ka onye na-ese egwu nke ghọrọ ónyé na-arụpụta ihe karịsịa mgbe ọ dị agadi. A na-anọchite anya ya site na ihe osise na nchịkọta nke Mahadum Howard, Long Beach Museum of Art, na Bowers Museum, n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ.

## Edensibia
Terry Dixon (artist)

**Terry Dixon** (b. Washington, D.C., 1969) bụ onye America na-ese ihe nkírí. E nyèrè ya nzèrè Bachelor of Fine Arts na Atlanta College of Art na 1992 na nzèrè Master of Fine Arts site na School of the Art Institute of Chicago na 1995. Usoro nka ya gụnyere eserese, foto, nka kọmputa, vidiyo, na egwu elektrọnik. Ọ bụ ịhụnanya ya màkà jazz na egwu elektrọnik na-akwalite ihe oyiyi Dixon. Ọ na-enyocha njikọ kinetic na ụdị abstract ya ma gosipụta mmetụta siri ike nké nka Africa na ngosipụta abstract.

Dixon malitere igosi na 1991 mgbè ọ bi na Atlanta, Georgia, wee daa na ihe nkírí nka na Chicago na BAREWALLS 2000, ihe ngosi nka dị ndụ nkè ụlọ akwụkwọ nke Art Institute of Chicago haziri. Ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ na ọha na eze enwetala ọrụ ya, dị ka Sandor Collection na Chicago, The School of The Art Institute of Chicago, na David C. Driskell Center na Mahadum Maryland na College Park.

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ onye na-ese ihe
* Ajụjụ ọnụ na Terry Dixon 
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Joseph Clinton Devillis

**Joseph Clinton Devillis** (aka De Villis) (1878 rụo 1912) bụ ónyé Africa America na-ese ihe na Brooklyn, New York ónyé na-ese foto ala na mmiri.

Devillis debanyere áhà na United States Navy na 1894 (na pad na pensụl n'aka). Mgbè ọ gàrà Europe, o jiri ezumike ya n'ụsọ oké osimiri mụọ ihe ndị magburu onwé ha na Louvre, Luxembourg na gallery nkè London. Ónyé mmụta mbụ na Dewey's USS *Olympia*, na 1898 ọ bụ ónyé mgbaàmà na Agha nke Manila Bay.

N'afọ 1901, ọ hapụrụ ndị agha mmiri wee laghachi New York ebe ọ bụ otu n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ ole na ole nke African American Art na New York n'oge ahụ. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Adelphi College n'etiti 1907 na 1912, sonye na Adelph Sketch Club.

Devillis bụkwa ónyé otu Nazarene Congregational Church na Brooklyn ebe ọ bụ Deacon na Treasurer. Ọ nwụrụ n'ọrịa oyi bàrà ya n'ahụ n'afọ 1912 mgbè ọ dị afọ iri atọ na atọ.  E gosipụtara ọrụ ya mgbè ọ nwụsịrị na New York Public Library na 1921 ma bụrụ akụkụ nke A.A. Schomburg Collection n'ebe ahụ.

## Edensibia
Joseph Delaney (artist)

**Joseph Delaney** (1904 rụo ụbọchị irí abụọ na otu n'ọnwa Novemba, 1991) bụ ónyé Africa-America na-ese ihe nke ghọrọ akụkụ nkè ihe nkírí nka New York n'oge Harlem Renaissance.

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Delaney na Knoxville, Tennessee, otu n'ime ụmụ iri nke ónyé ụkọchukwu Metọdist. Ọ bụ nwanne Beauford Delaney nke obérè, ónyé ya na ya nwere mmasị ise ihe. Delaney hapụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ na klas nke itoolu.  N'oge ọ dị afọ iri na ụma na mmalite afọ iri abụọ, Delaney nọrọ ọtụtụ afọ n'enweghị ebe óbíbí tupu ọ banye na Eighth Infantry Regiment, Illinois National Guard.

8N'afọ 1930, Delaney kwagara New York City, ébé o debara áhà ya na Art Students League of New York. Na Art Students League, ya na Alexander Brook mụrụ, George Bridgman sere ihe osise, na anatomy mmadụ n'okpuru Thomas Hart Benton. Ọ nwalere usoro na-egosipụta ihe. Delaney mechara kwuo na Benton nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu, na-ekwu, "Benton ga-anọnyere m mgbè niile". N'oge ezumike ya, Delaney sere ndị mmadụ na ebe ndị gbara ya gbụrụ-gbúrụ.

## Ọrụ
Also'oge Great Depression, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Works Progress Administration. Ọ kụziri klas nka ụmụaka, Paul Revere sere ọlaọcha, na 1943 a kpọrọ áhà ya na WPAX Easel Painting Division. N'oge WPA kwụsịrị ịrụ ọrụ, e nyèrè Delaney onyinye site na Julius Rosenwald Fund. Site n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 1942 ruo Jenụwarị 1943, o jiri onyinye ahụ gaa n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke oké osimiri ma mepụta usoro nke na-edekọ ndụ ndị ọrụ ojii. N'afọ 1978 na 1979, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ónyé na-ese ihe dị ka akụkụ nke Cultural Council Foundation CETA Artists Project na New York City.

Delaney biri ma rụọ ọrụ na New York ruo 1986, na-egosi ọrụ ya na New York na Washington Square ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ.

N'afọ 1986, ọ laghachiri Knoxville ka ọ bụrụ ónyé na-ese ihe na Mahadum Tennessee, ọkwá ọ nọrọ ruo mgbè ọ nwụrụ n'afọ 1991.

N'oge ndụ ya niile, Delaney kpebisiri ike imegide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, ọrụ ya na-ekpughe "nchegbu miri emi màkà ndụ ndị nkịtị".

## Ihe Nketa
The Art Institute of Chicago, Knoxville Museum of Art, Museum of the City of New York, Indianapolis Museum of Art، David Owsley Museum of Art na Smithsonian American Art Museum so n'ime ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie nwere ọrụ Joseph Delaney. N'afọ 1968, o bipụtara akwụkwọ nta nke chịkọtara ahụmahụ ya dị ka ónyé na-ese ihe na New York nke akpọrọ, Thirty-six Years Exhibiting in the Washington Square Outdoor Art Show .

## Ihe ngosi

## Edensibia
Ernest Crichlow

**Ernest Crichlow** (úbọchị irí nà itoolu n'ọnwa Juun, 1914 rụo ụbọchị irí n'ọnwa Novemba, 2005) bụ ónyé America na-ese ihe na-eme n'eziokwu.

## Mbido ndụ na ọrụ
A mụrụ Crichlow na Brooklyn, New York, na 1914 n'aka ndị Barbadian kwagara mba ọzọ. Ọ gụrụ nka na School of Commercial Illustrating and Advertising Art na New York na Mahadum New York. Crichlow malitere ịrụ ọrụ dị ka ónyé na-ese ihe na ụlọ ọrụ na-akwado site na Works Progress Administration's Federal Art Project. Augusta Savage bụ ónyé nkwado mbụ nke ọrụ ya, dịka ọ dị màkà ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe nkè Harlem Renaissance.

## Ọrụ
Ihe ngosi mbụ ya bụ na 1938 na Harlem Community Center na Harlem, New York. Otu n'ime ọrụ ya a ma ama, lithograph Lovers III na-egosi nwa agbọghọ ojii na-enye nsogbụ n'ime ụlọ ihi ụra ya site n'aka ónyé otu Ku Klux Klan. E gosipụtara ọrụ Crichlow na 1939 New York World's Fair na n'ọbá akwụkwọ Congress n'afọ sochirinụ.

N'ime iri afọ ole na ole sochirinụ, a na-egosi ọrụ ya mgbè niile na ụlọ ngosi nka US karịsịa n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ ọ bụ ezie na o mèrè ihe ngosi abụọ na Mahadum Atlanta na 1940s. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha ọrụ ya, Onye isi ala Carter akwanyere ọrụ ya ùgwù. Ihe osise ya nke 1967 White Fence nke na-egosi nwa agbọghọ ọcha na-ekewapụ site na *mgbidi* site na ụmụ agbọghọ ojii ise bụ nke a ma ama site na ọrụ ya mgbè e mesịrị yana mural panel irí abụọ na isé na Boys and Girls High School na Brooklyn.

A makwaara Crichlow nke ọma dị ka ónyé na-ese ihe osise màkà akwụkwọ ụmụaka na-enye ọrụ nka màkà Two in a Team, Maria, Lift Every Voice na *Magic* *Mirrors*. O guzobere Cinque Gallery na 1969 ya na Norman Lewis na Romare Bearden yana ịkụzi nka na Mahadum New York na Art Students League.

Ónyé bi na Fort Greene, Brooklyn, Crichlow nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa obi na úbọchị irí n'ọnwa Nọvemba, 2005.

## Edensibia

* Isiokwu banyere Ernest Crichlow
* "Ernest Crichlow." St. James Guide to Black Artists St. James Press, 1997.

E mepụtara ya na Biography Resource Center. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]

* Akụkọ ọnwụ nke ''Newsday'' na Nọvemba 12, 2005
* Ebe ndebe ihe ochie nke Skylight: Ernest Crichlow
Allan Crite

**Allan Rohan** Crite (ubochí irí abụọ n'ọnwa Machị, 1910 rụo ụbọchị isii n'ọnwa Septemba, 2007) bụ ónyé na-ese ihe n'Afrịka America nke bi na Boston. O meriri ọtụtụ nsọpụrụ, dị ka 350th Harvard University Anniversary Medal.

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Crite na North Plainfield, New Jersey, na Machị 20, 1910. Ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara Massachusetts ma site na otu afọ ruo ọnwụ ya Crite bìrì na South End nke Boston. Nne Crite, Annamae, bụ ónyé na-ede uri nkè gbara nwa ya nwoke ume ise ihe. N'igosi nkwa mgbè ọ dị obere, ọ debanyere aha na Children's Art Centre na United South End Settlements na Boston ma gụsịrị akwụkwọ na English High School na 1929. Nnà ya, Oscar William Crite, bụ dọkịta na injinia, otu n'ime ndị isi ojii mbụ nwetara ikikere injinia.

Ọ bụ ezie na a nabatara ya na Yale School of Art, ọ họọrọ ịga School of the Museum of Fine Arts na Boston ma gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1936.

Nkwado bịara n'oge. E gosipụtara ọrụ ya na mbụ na Museum of Modern Art nkè New York na 1936.

Crite gara Harvard Extension School, ebe o nwetara nzèrè BA na 1968.

## Ihe osise
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Douglass Square, Boston, nke Allan Crite. Mmanụ. 20" x 24". 1936. Ọ bụ Federal Arts Project nyere ya iwu.
Crite nwèrè olile anya igosi ndụ ndị Africa America bi na Boston n'ụzọ ọhụrụ na nke dị iche: dị ka ụmụ amaala nkịtị ma ọ bụ "ndị nọ n'etiti" karịa ndị na-eti egwu jazz ma ọ bụ ndị na-ekere òkè. Site na nka ya, o bu n'obi ịkọ akụkọ ndị Africa America dị ka akụkụ nke ihe ndị America na eziokwu ya. Site n'iji ụdị nnọchiteanya karịa nke ógè a, Crite chere na ọ nwèrè ike "ịkọ akụkọ" nke ọma ma weghara eziokwu nke ndị Africa America bụ akụkụ ma na-abụkarị nke a na-amaghị.

## Akwụkwọ
Akwụkwọ ndị Crite sere ihe na-agụnye:

* *Ị nọ ebe ahụ mgbe ha kpọgidere Onyenwe m n'obe. Onye Negro nke Ime Anụ Ihe Osise* (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1944)
* *Ebube* niile: Brush na-ese ntụgharị uche na Ekpere nke Nraranye (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Society of Saint John the Evangelist, 1947)
* Three Spirituals from Earth to Heaven (1948), ebe o gosipụtara akụkọ okpukpe sitere na *ndị mmụọ* Africa-America dị ka "Swing Low Sweet Chariot" na "O nweghị onye maara nsogbu m hụ"

## Ihe ngosi
Ihe ngosi ndị dị mkpà nke Crite gụnyere:

* Ihe ngosi nke Harmon Foundation n'afọ 1920
* 1930s Museum of Modern Art, New York
* 1936 Ụlọ ngosi nka Corcoran, Washington, D.C.
* 1939 Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie nke Boston
* 1978 Boston Athenaeum
* 1999 Frye Art Museum, Seattle

E gosipụtara ọrụ ya n'usoro ihe ngosi a haziri ahazi na 2007-08, na Boston Public Library, Boston Athenaeum, na Museum of the National Center of Afro-American Artists.

## Ihe edeturu

## Njikọ mpụga

* "School's Out" na Smithsonian American Art Museum
* Akwụkwọ mkpesa Allan Rohan na African American Museum na Philadelphia
Harvey Tristan Cropper

**Harvey Tristan Cropper** (ubochí anọ n'ọnwa Ọgọst, 1931 rụo ụbọchị irí na isé n'ọnwa Nọvemba, 2012) bụ ónyé America na-ese ihe, amụrụ na New York City, ónyé na 1980s kwagara Stockholm, Sweden, ebe ọ nwụrụ mgbè ọ dị afọ iri asatọ na otu.

## Ndụ
A mụrụ Cropper na úbọchị anọ n'ọnwa Ọgọst, 1931, na Sugar Hill, Harlem, New York City, nné na nnà West Indian bụ ndị si St. Vincent kwaga ebe ahụ. Nnà ya bụ ónyé na-ahụ màkà ọgwụ na nné ya bụ onye embroider na Harlem. Cropper malitere ịmepụta nka mgbè ọ dị afọ anọ, ọtụtụ ụcha nke eriri silk nke nne ya kpaliri ya. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Art Students League nke New York, ma nọrọ oge na ọmụmụ onwe onye na Japan. Na mbido afọ 1950, mgbe ya na onye egwu jazz bụ Charlie Parker bi na 4 Barrow Street na Greenwich Village nke New York, Cropper kụziiri Parker otu esi ese ihe iji gbanwere nkuzi egwu.

N'afọ 1954 o gosipụtara ọrụ ya na Galerie Moderne. N'afọ 1964, ọrụ ya so na *10* American Negro Artists Living and Working in Europe na Den Frie Udstilling na Copenhagen.

N'oge Agha Vietnam, Cropper malitere ilekwasị ányà na ihe osise ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Òtù Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu jiri akwụkwọ ya "Faces of Apartheid" mee ihe.

N'afọ ndị 1970, ụdị nka Cropper malitere ilekwasị ányà na ihe okike ntụgharị uche na ndụ. N'ime mkparịta ụka ya na onye Sweden na-ese ihe na enyi ya Bengt O. Björklund, ọ kọwara, sị: "Ìhè, ọdịdị na ihe nnọchianya dị mkpà nye m. Abụrụla m ónyé na-atụgharị uche ma bịakwute omenala ndị Japan na ụkpụrụ Zen na-anọchite anya. "

N'afọ 1981, ọ kwagara Stockholm, Sweden, ébé ọ nọrọ ndụ ya niile na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ na-emeghe na ndị na-ese ihe ndị ọzọ. Ọ nwụrụ na Stockholm site na ọrịa kansa n'afọ 2012, mgbè ọ dị afọ irí asatọ na otu.

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* 
* The Art of Harvey Tristan Cropper. 2015.  ISBN ,  
* Harvey Tristan Cropper *Ụfọdụ* Comments on the 5 Senses. Nilsson & Bergholm 1987.  OCLC 30584797

## Edensibia
Flora Suya

**Flora Suya** bụ onye Malawi na-eme ihe nkiri. A họpụtara ya dịka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma na 6th na 9th Africa Movie Academy Awards.

## Ọrụ
Ya na Tapiwa Gwaza, Suya rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa na Seasons of a Life (2010), nke na-akọ akụkọ banyere ihe isi ike nke nwa agbọghọ Africa nke onye isi ya dinara n'ụzọ mmekọahụ, onye wee jụ ya ilekọta nwa ya. O nwetara Africa Movie Academy Award maka Best Actress in a Leading Role maka ọrụ ya na ihe nkiri ahụ. N'afọ 2013, ọ pụtara na Shemu Joyah, Last Fishing Boat, ebe ọ bụ mmasị ịhụnanya nke onye njem nleta na nwunye nke nwoke nwere ọtụtụ nwanyị, ọrụ ahụ mere ka a họpụta ya dịka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma na AMAA awards. N'afọ 2014, a kọrọ na ọ ga-apụta na ihe nkiri Zambia, *Chenda*, nke na-akọ akụkọ banyere nsogbu ụmụ nwanyị na-amaghị nwoke na-agafe na mmeghachi omume ọjọọ nke ụmụ nwoke Afrịka n'ọnọdụ ahụ. Emere ihe nkiri ahụ na sinima n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2014, wee wepụta ya n'afọ 2015. N'afọ 2016, a mara ọkwa ihe nkiri ya, My Mothers Story dịka otu n'ime ihe nkiri mmeghe na Silicon Valley African Film Festival na United States. Ihe nkiri ahụ na-akọ *akụkọ* banyere ahụhụ ụmụ nwanyị na-aga iji chekwaa ụlọ ha n'enweghị enyemaka di. N'ime ihe nkiri ahụ, ọ na-eme Tadala, nne na-alụbeghị di na ọnọdụ okike na ọdịbendị Afrịka.

## Edemsibịa

## Njikọ mpụga

* Flora Suya at Rotten Tomatoes
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Joyce Mhango-Chavula

**Joyce Mhango-Chavula** bụ onye mba Malawi na-eme ihe nkiri, onye na-eme fim, onye nduzi ihe nkiri, na onye na-enye ọzụzụ nka.

## Ndụ
Joyce Mhango-Chavula malitere ime ihe nkiri mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, site na Association for Teaching English na Malawi. O mechara sonye n'òtù ihe nkiri a na-akpọ Reformation Theayre ma soro ụlọ ihe nkiri Alabama rụọ ọrụ. N'ịbụ onye ihe nlereanya nke Gertrude Kamkwatira kpaliri, Chavula hapụrụ ọrụ ya dịka onye na-ahụ maka ahịa mgbasa ozi na ahịa n'afọ 2009, wee malite ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri nke ya, Rising Choreos Theatre Company. The Return (2011) kpọkọtara ndị Naijiria na ndị Malawi, gụnyere Patience Ozokwor, wee gaa mpaghara atọ niile nke Malawi.

Ihe nkiri Chavula mbụ, No More Tears (2013), gbara na Lilongwe na n'ụsọ osimiri nke Lake Malawi na Salima District. Ọ kọrọ akụkọ banyere nwa agbọghọ dị afọ 20 nke chọrọ ilekọta nna ya mgbe nne ya nwụsịrị n'ọrịa AIDS. Mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị, ụmụnne ya ndị nwoke kwuru na ọ bụ ihe onwunwe ya, na-ahapụ nwa agbọghọ ahụ n'enweghị ihe ọ bụla.

Ihe nkiri ya nke afọ 2015 bụ *Lilongwe* meriri Best Movie si Southern Africa na  Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards . nke afọ 2016.

*Nyasaland* (2016) nwetara nhọpụta maka 2018 Africa Movie Academy Awards maka Best Film in an African Language.  Ihe nkiri ahụ gosipụtara na US na 2018 Silicon Valley African Film Festival.

Chavula bụ osote onye isi oche nke Film Association of Malawi ugbu a ma bụrụkwa osote onye nduzi nke National Theatre Association of Malawi (NTAM) ruo afọ atọ, ọ bụkwa onye otu NTAM ugbu a. Ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya maka mmemme ihe nkiri Africa (TAFF) na onye otu Oscars Malawi.

## Ihe nkiri

* *Ihe ndị na-eche* echiche. Onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-emepụta akara.
* *Osisi Kamara* Onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-enyere onye njikwa mmepụta aka.
* *Ụgbọ Mmiri Ịkụ Azụ*. Onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye nhazi mmepụta.
* *B'ella* Onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye nduzi nka.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Onye edemede na onye nduzi.
* *Lilongwe*, 2015. Onye nduzi, onye edemede na onye na-eme ihe nkiri.
* *Nyasaland*, 2016. Onye nduzi.
* Fatsani: Akụkọ nke Ịdị ndụ, 2020, Onye na-eme ihe nkiri

## Edemsibịa

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Didier Kamanzi

**Didier Kamanzi**, bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na Rwanda. Otu n'ime ndị na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị ewu ewu na ihe nkiri Rwandan, a maara Kamanzi nke ọma maka ọrụ ya na ihe nkiri Cwasa, *Rwassibo* na *Catherine*.

Ewezuga ime ihe nkiri, ọ bụkwa onye egwuregwu na otu egwuregwu rugby nke mba Rwanda.

## Ndụ onwe
A mụrụ ya n'afọ 1994 na obodo Burundi dịka nwa nke atọ n'ezinụlọ nwere ụmụnne isii. Mgbe mgbukpọ agbụrụ nke Rwanda gasịrị, ọ laghachiri Rwanda n'afọ 1994 wee gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye na-eche nche maka klọb abalị dị n'ógbè ahụ ruo ọnwa ole na ole.

Ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ dịla onye na-eche nche na klọb abalị, ọ nwetara onyinye ịnwale ihe nkiri. Ọ gara nyocha ma nweta ọrụ ahụ.

N'afọ 2015, o ritere ihe nrite maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma na ihe nrite ihe nkiri Rwandan.

## Akụkụ Filmography

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ncuti Gatwa

**Mizero Ncuti Gatwa** (/ˈʃuːti ˈɡætwɑː/ SHOO-tee GAT-wah; a mụrụ na 15 Ọktoba 1992) bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na Scotland a mụrụ na Rwanda. Ọ ghọrọ onye a ma ama dịka Eric Effiong na usoro ihe nkiri Netflix Sex Education (2019-2019), nke mere ka o nweta BAFTA Scotland Award maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha *mma* na telivishọn na nhọpụta atọ BAFTA Television Award maka Best Male Comedy Performance. N'afọ 2022, a mara ọkwa Gatwa dịka onye nke iri na anọ nke Doctor na usoro BBC Doctor Who, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye isi ojii mbụ na-eme ihe nkiri iji duzie usoro ahụ.

## Mmalite ndụ
A mụrụ Gatwa na Nyarugenge, Kigali, Rwanda, n'abalị 15 ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 1992. Nna ya, Tharcisse Gatwa, sitere na Karongi District nke Rwanda, bụ onye nta akụkọ nwere PhD na nkà mmụta okpukpe.

Ezinụlọ ahụ mechara gbapụ na Rwanda n'oge mgbukpọ agbụrụ nke Rwanda n'afọ 1994 wee biri na Scotland. Ha biri na Edinburgh na Dunfermline. Gatwa gara Boroughmuir High School na Dunfermline High School tupu ọ kwaga Glasgow ịmụ na Royal Conservatoire of Scotland, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na BA na Acting n'afọ 2013.

## Ọrụ
Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, e nyere Gatwa ọkwa na Dundee Repertory Theatre acting graduation scheme nke dị na Dundei, Scotland ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ mmepụta gụnyere David Greig's *Victoria*. O nwere ọrụ dị mkpirikpi n'afọ 2014 sitcom *Bob* Servant nke e setịpụrụ ma mee ihe nkiri na Dundee.

N'afọ 2015, ọ pụtara na ọrụ nkwado na miniseries *Stonemouth*, nke a kwadoro na akwụkwọ akụkọ afọ 2012 nke otu aha ahụ. N'otu afọ ahụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na mmepụta Kneehigh Theatres nke *946*, nke sitere na Michael Morpurgo's The Amazing Story of Adolphus Tips banyere ntụgharị maka ọdịda D-Day na Devon na ọtụtụ ọnwụ. Gatwa mere Demetrius na mmepụta afọ 2016 nke A Midsummer Night's Dream na Shakespeare's Globe nke Emma Rice duziri.

N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2018, a tụbara Gatwa na usoro ihe nkiri Netflix Sex Education dịka Eric Effiong; a tọhapụrụ ihe ngosi ahụ n'afọ 2019 ma nweta otuto dị egwu. Gatwa natara otuto maka ngosipụta ya nke Eric site n'aka ndị na-ege ntị na ndị nkatọ, ọkachasị maka otu esi eme ka àgwà ya ghara ịbụ "onye na-eme enyi nwoke ma ọ bụ onye isi ojii kacha mma". O nwetara ọtụtụ otuto maka ọrụ ahụ, gụnyere BAFTA Scotland Award maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma na telivishọn n'afọ 2020, na nhọpụta atọ BAFTA Television Award maka Best Male Comedy Performance, otu n'afọ 2020, 2021 na 2022 n'usoro.

### ''Durùahụike Ònye''
Na 8 ọnwa Mee afọ 2022, a mara ọkwa na a tụbara Gatwa na Doctor Who dịka onye nke iri na anọ nke onye na-eme ihe ngosi ahụ, The Doctor. Gatwa, onye a tụbara na Febụwarị, ga-abụ onye isi ojii mbụ na-eme ihe nkiri ga-eduzi usoro ahụ, yana onye Scotland nke anọ na-eme ya. A na-atụ anya na ọ ga-eweghara ọrụ ahụ na nke atọ na nke ikpeazụ nke 2022 pụrụ iche n'ọnwa Ọktoba 2022.

## Ihe nkiri

### Ihe nkiri

### Telivishọn

### Ebe a na-eme ihe nkiri

### Egwuregwu vidio

## Onyinye na nhọpụta

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Lansana Mansaray

**Lansana Mansaray** (a mụrụ n'afọ 1992), nke a na-akpọkarị Barmmy Boy, bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na Sierra Leone. Otu n'ime ndị na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị ewu ewu na ihe nkiri Sierra Leone, a maara Mansaray nke ọma maka ihe nkiri *ndị* a na-eto nke ọma Youth, Charity na Survivors. Ewezuga ime ihe nkiri, ọ bụkwa onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri, onye na-ese ihe nkiri na onye na-eti egwu.

## Ndụ onwe
A mụrụ ya n'afọ 1992 na Freetown, Sierra Leone.

## Ọrụ
Mansaray bụ onye guzobere na onye njikwa mmepụta nke WeOwnTV na Freetown Media Center. Ya na WeOwnTV, ọ rụkọtara ọrụ maka ọtụtụ òtù gụnyere: Defence for Children International, NOVA Studios (UK), British Council Sierra Leone, UNICEF Sierra Leone, Save the Children Sierra Leone, Well Woman Clinic na Hull UK City of Culture 2017.

N'afọ 2010, o duziri ihe nkiri mbụ ya bụ Youth . N'otu afọ ahụ, ọ rụrụ *ọrụ* dịka onye na-ese ihe nkiri maka ihe nkiri Charity . Ọ gara n'ihu *na-arụ* ọrụ dịka onye na-ese ihe nkiri n'afọ ndị na-abịanụ na ihe nkiri; *Ha guzogidere* (2011) na Disability is Inability .

Ewezuga *ha*, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye na-ese ihe nkiri n'ọtụtụ ihe nkiri mba ụwa dịka Decisions n'afọ 2011, Girl Rising n'afọ 2013, They Are We n'afọ 2014, na Meet the Africans: Many Rivers to Cross n'afọ 2013, ebe nke ikpeazụ meriri Primetime Emmy Award. N'afọ 2014, ọ gara United Kingdom izute ụfọdụ ndị enyi, agbanyeghị, a manyere ya ịgbatị oge ọ nọrọ ọnwa ise n'ihi ntiwapụ Ebola na Sierra Leone.

N'afọ 2018, ọ duziri ihe nkiri Survivors, nke dabeere na nsogbu Ebola. E mechara họpụta ya maka Emmy's Best Social Issue Documentary, ebe ọ ghọrọ ihe nkiri West Africa mbụ natara otuto ahụ.

## Akụkụ ihe nkiri

## Edemsibịa

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
* Site na Freetown ruo Hull: Obodo ọdịbendị
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Gertrude Webster Kamkwatira

**Gertrude Webster Kamkwatira** (c. 1966), bụ onye Malawi na-ede egwuregwu, onye nduzi na onye na-eme ihe nkiri.

## Ndụ
A mụrụ Kamkwatira n'ihe dịka afọ 1966. Ọ ghọrọ onye nduzi nke Wakhumbata Ensemble Theatre n'afọ 1999 mgbe onye guzobere ya, Du Chisiza nwụsịrị. O mechara "gbapụ" n'òtù ahụ wee guzobe otu ihe nkiri Wanna-Do. Ọnọdụ ndị o nwere gụnyere Onye isi oche nke National Theatre Association of Malawi na Onye isi oche of the Copyright Society of Malawi.

Kamkwatira dere ihe dịka egwuregwu iri na atọ n'asụsụ Bekee, gụnyere It's My Fault, nke na-ekwu maka ime ihe *ike* n'ụlọ na mmegbu mmekọahụ, Jesus' Retrial na Breaking the News, egwuregwu gbasara ịlụso ọrịa AIDS ọgụ. N'ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ya n'afọ 2003, o kwuru na ọ ga-anọkarị otu ụbọchị ma ọ bụ abụọ na-ede egwuregwu, wee gaa n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na ya ruo izu atọ ọzọ. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ya na onye nchịkọta akụkọ ga-ekwurịta ya tupu ọ gosi ya ndị na-eme ihe nkiri. Onye ọ bụla na-eme ihe nkiri ga-agụ ma ghọta egwuregwu ahụ dịka nzọụkwụ mbụ na usoro mmega ahụ.

Ọrụ ime ihe nkiri ya malitere mgbe e nwere ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị na-eme ihe nkiri na Malawi. N'afọ 1987, ọ ga-arụ ọrụ n'egwuregwu atọ n'otu oge n'ihi na W makhata nwere ụmụ nwanyị ole na ole na-eme ihe nkiri.

Ọ nwụrụ n'afọ 2006 mgbe ọ dị afọ iri anọ. E liri ya n'ụlọ ya na Lisungwi, mpaghara Neno.

## Edemsibịa
Hilyard Robinson

**Hilyard Robinson** (1899 Julaị 2, 1986) bụ onye ama ama n'Afrịka na Amerịka na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na injinia.

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Hilyard Robinson na Washington, D.C., ebe nne ya bụ onye na-akwa akwa na nna nna ya nwere azụmahịa na-egbuke akpụkpọ ụkwụ. Robins gụsịrị akwụkwọ na M Street High School wee gụọ akwụkwọ na Pennsylvania Museum na School of Industrial Arts . N'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ, Robinson jere ozi dị ka onye ọrụ artillery nke US Army ebe ọ nọrọ oge na Paris na Armistice ma hụ ụdị ụlọ ndị dị n'ebe ahụ. Mgbe ọ laghachiri na United States, Robinson gafere na Mahadum Pennsylvania tupu ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadume Columbia na 1924 na nzere na ihe owuwu ma na-arụ ọrụ maka ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ihe owuwu na nkuzi na Mahadụ Howard.

N'afọ 1931 mgbe ọ lụsịrị Helena Rooks ma mechaa nzere masta na Columbia, Robinsons gara Europe ịmụ ihe na Germany, ebe ụdị Bauhaus metụtara Robinson, yana Scandinavia, France na ebe ndị ọzọ. Robinson kụziri ihe owuwu na Mahadum Howard site na 1920s ruo 1960s, ọ rụkwara ọtụtụ ụlọ ụlọ akwụkwọ. Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Dị n'Ime Obodo nke United States nyere Robinson iwu ka o wuo Langston Terrace Dwellings nke ọ nwetara ihe a ma ama, Robinson rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ ụlọ na gọọmentị Liberia. Robinson nwụrụ na 1986 na Howard University Medical Center. Robinson na ndị Amerịka ndị ọzọ na-ewu ụlọ dịka Ralph A. Vaughn na Paul Williams rụkọrọ ọrụ.

## Ọrụ ndị a ma ama

* Aberdeen Gardens (Hampton, Virginia) (1934)
* Langston Terrace Dwellings (1935-1938)
* Parkland  Homes at  Willow Run Bomber Plant (1943)
* Ralph Bunche House (Washington, D.C.) (1941)
* Sharpe Field Airport (1941)
** e Field Airport (194
**
*
*
*
* Sha
* rpe Field (1941)
* Arthur Capper/Carrollsburg (1958)
* Multiple Howard University buildings (Cramton Hall, Ira Aldridge Theater, School of Engineering, Home Economics Building (nke bụzi School of Human Ecology), Locke Hall)

## Edensibia
Tandy & Foster

Tandy & Foster bụ ụlọ ọrụ Amerịka na-ahụ maka ihe owuwu na-arụ ọrụ site na 1908 ruo 1914 na New York na New Jersey, nke dị na New York City.

Vertner Woodson Tandy (1885 ruo 1910), George Washington Foster (1866 ruo 1923) guzobere ya na 1908. Tandy bụ onye Afrịka-Amerịka mbụ na-ewu ụlọ nke steeti New York nyere ikike na Foster so na ndị Africa-America na-ewu ihe owuwu nke steeti nke New Jersey nyere ikike na 1908, na mgbe e mesịrị New York (1916). Tandy na Foster gbasara mmekọrịta ha na 1914 ma mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị ha abụọ na-arụ ọrụ na nzuzo, Foster nwetara ikike ya na New York site na 1915.

## Ọrụ

* St. Philip's Episcopal Church (Harlem, New York) (1910), 204 West 134th Street

## Edensibia
Vertner Woodson Tandy

thumb|Vertner Woodson Tandy
 

**Vertner Woodson Tandy** (Mee 17, 1885 ruo  Nọvemba 7, 1949) bụ onye Amerịka na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị guzobere asaa (nke a na-akpọkarị "The Seven Jewels") nke Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity na Mahadum Cornell na 1906. Ọ bụ onye Africa America mbụ debanyere aha na New York State.  Tandy jere ozi dị ka onye na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba mbụ nke isi Alpha na onye na-emepụta pin fraternity. E debanyere òtù ahụ n'okpuru  ya.

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ ya na Mee 17, 1885, na Lexington, Kentucky. Nne na nna ya bụ Henry A. Tandy na Emma Brice Tandy. Henry Tandy bụ onye ọchụnta ego na-aga nke ọma na onye na-ewu ụlọ. A mụrụ ya dị ka ohu, na 1893 o guzobere ụlọ ọrụ Tandy & Byrd na Lexington. N'etiti ọrụ ndị a ma ama nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụ Lexington Opera House na Fayette County Courthouse, ugbu a ebe Lexington Visitor Center.

N'afọ 1904, Tandy gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Tuskegee Institute na-amụ ihe osise ụlọ. N'afọ 1905, ọ gafere na Mahadum Cornell, nke ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1907 na nzere na ihe owuwu. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị guzobere, ndị a na-akpọ "Anya asaa," nke Alpha Phi Alpha Society nke mbụ Afrịka-Amerịka fraternity na 1906.

## Ọrụ
Mgbe ha gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Tandy na George Washington Foster malitere ụlọ ọrụ nke ha, Tandy & Foster, nwere ọfịs na Broadway na New York City. Tandy ghọrọ onye isi ojii mbụ debanyere aha na steeti New York.

Ọrụ a ma ama nke Tandy nwere ike ịbụ Villa Lewaro, nnukwu ụlọ $250,000 maka nwa nwanyị nke Harlem millionairess Madam C. J. Walker, na Irvington na Hudson, New York. E wuchara nnukwu ụlọ ahụ n'ụdị Italianate na 1918 wee bụrụ ihe dị mkpa na Harlem Renaissance tupu ọnwụ Walker. N'etiti ọrụ ya ndị ọzọ dị ugbu a bụ Ivey Delph Apartments, na St. Philip's Episcopal Church na 204 West 134th Street na Harlem, site na ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ ya nke Tandy & Foster.  Ivey Delph Apartments, nke e mere na 1948, edepụtara na National Register of Historic Places na 2005.

Tandy nwekwara ọdịiche nke ịbụ onye Afrịka Amerịka mbụ gafere ule ndị agha ma bụrụ onye isi ala na 15th Infantry nke New York State National Guard.

## Ọnwụ
Vertner W. Tandy nwụrụ na oyi bara ya n'ahụ na Nọvemba 7, 1949, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri isii, na Manhattan, New York City.

## Edensibia