Alice Dalton Brown

**Alice Dalton Brown** (amụrụ 1939) bụ onye na-ese ihe America ama ama maka ọrụ eziokwu na-ejide ìhè na udidi nke akọwapụtara, ma ọ bụrụ na emebere ya, ebe na oge. [1] [2] [3] Ebumnobi mbinye aka ya gụnyere mpụta nke ụlọ ndị Victoria, ọba ụlọ na ebe mmiri na-elele site na windo ma ọ bụ ákwà mgbochi, nke ọ na-enyocha egwuregwu nke ìhè, onyinyo, ntụgharị na geometry n'ofe dị iche iche. [4] [5] [6] Onye nkatọ J. Bowyer Bell dere banyere ụdị Dalton Brown, "ọrụ ya n'ezie bụ karịa nchikota akụkụ ha. N'ezie, e nwere ọtụtụ akụkụ nke aghụghọ gụnyere, ọtụtụ nkà na-egosipụta, na n'ihi ya fọrọ nke nta ka akwụkwọ nkà ihe ọmụma nke. kedu ihe a ga-eme." 

Dalton Brown egosila na ụlọ ọrụ Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, [1] Butler Institute of American Art, [2] Bronx Museum of Arts, Albright-Knox Museum, na McNay Art Museum.  [3] akwụkwọ akwụkwọ American Academy na Rome akwụkwọ ya na ọrụ ya bụ nchịkọta ọha na eze nke Metropolitan Museum of Art, [4] Johnson Museum, [5] Minneapolis Institute of Art, [6] na Tampa Museum of Art, n  'etiti ndị ọzọ.  .  [3] Mgbe itinyere ya na New York City ihe ofufe afọ iri atọ, Dalton Brown kewara oge n'etiti Peekskill, New York na mpaghara Finger Lakes steeti, na Cayuga Lake.. 

## Ndụ mmalite na ọrụ
A mụrụ Dalton Brown na Danville, Pennsylvania na 1939 wee tolite na Ithaca, New York. [1] Ncheta ya maka ìhè, onyinyo na ebe obibi n'oge ntorobịa ya na mpaghara ahụ ga-abụ ihe mkpali na-esote maka nka ya. [2] Mgbe ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị gasịrị, Dalton Brown gụrụ akwụkwọ nka na Académie Julian na L'Université de Grenoble na France tupu ya agụọ Bekee na Mahadum Cornell . [1] [3] Mgbe ọ gafechara na kọleji Oberlin, ọ nwetara BA na nka studio na 1962, na-arụ ọrụ n'ụzọ ziri ezi n'agbanyeghị na ụdịdị adịchaghị nke ụbọchị. Ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ Wolfgang Stecho, na mkparịta ụka ya banyere ihe mejupụtara ya na ihe ngosi akara ngosi nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na Oberlin.  

N'afọ ndị 1960, Dalton Brown akwụkwọ ndụ ezina ngwaahịa na nka nka lekwasịrị anya na onyonyo ime ụlọ, ọnụ ọgụgụ na ihe owuwu ime obodo mgbe ọ kwagara New York.  Ya na akara ya kwagara Greenwich Village, Manhattan na 1970, ebe ọ zutere na nso nso ihe ngosi nka na-agbasa site na Abstract Expressionism na minimalism, echiche na ụdị dị iche iche nke eziokwu.  [1] [2] N'afọ 1975, ọ na-egosi ihe osise ya na ihe nkiri nkiri ihe nkiri ndị na-ama.  [3] [2] Mgbe ọ tụ gawa n'ihe yiri, ọ dọtara ọkwa dị ukwuu na 1980 site na ihe ngosi solo na AM Sachs [4] [5] na Katharina Rich Perlow [6] veranda dị na New York na  ihe ngosi otu na McNay Art Museum, Columbus Museum.  nke Art na Minnesota Museum of American Art.  

N'ime ọrụ ya mechara, Dalton Brown enweela ihe ngosi solo na Fischbach Gallery na New York (1987–2014), [1] [2] [3] [4] na Butler Institute of American Art (2018, 2019), [  5] na ndị njem anya na Springfield Art Museum (1999), [6] Johnson Museum of Art (2013), [7] na My Art Museum (2021, Seoul).    

## Ọrụ na nnabata
Ụbọchị Dalton Brown na-eche echiche dị iche iche n'ezie n'ụzọ na-emepụta dị mfe n'ime ụdịdị nke eziokwu dị ugbu a ma ọ bụ fotorealism .  [1] [2] [3] ọmụmaatụ, n'agbanyeghị na ọ na-eji foto ntụaka eme ihe, ọ na-adịghị e mgbochi anya ha, ọ dịghịkwa akwụkwọ ihe ndị sitere na ha, kama ọ na-ewughachi, na-edezi.  na collages eziokwu n'ihe ọ lụba iji kwado nzube ya.  [1] [4] [5] N'otu aka ahụ, wee nke nke akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, mmiri na bọọdụ ala, usoro egwu na echiche dị iche iche.  ewebata ụdị n ụzọ n'ụzọ ụfọdụ.  [1] [6] [3] Onye na-akọ ihe mere eme bụ April Kingsley na-atụnyere Dalton Brown si bịa na nke Richard Estes na Edward Hopper, na-ewere ya dị ka "onye na-eme ihe n'  eziokwu."  [3] Na mgbakwunye na mgbatị Hopper, ndị edemede akwụkwọla Post-Impressionists dị ka Gaugin, Bonnard, Vuillard na van Gogh, Dutch Old Masters, ndị ọdịnala America ejekwa nke ọma nke afã nke 19, ndị American Precisionists, na Josef Albers (maka)  echiche ya).  nke agba), dị ka egwuregwu ya.   

Dalton Brown na-ahọrọ isiokwu dị ka ụlọ na ihe owuwu ụzọ mbata, ọba, mmiri na ákwà mgbochi maka àgwà ha na-akpali akpali gbasara ebe nchekwa, amaghị ihe ọ bụla, njirimara na eziokwu.    Ihe dị iche iche ya dị iche iche na textures na weghara ephemeral phenomena (ìhè, ifufe, mmiri) na-egwu akụkụ ndị a, yana mmegide dị iche iche: n'ụlọ na n'èzí ụwa, na-emeghe na mechiri emechi, nro na ike, siri ike ma ọ bụ na-egosipụta ụdị, mgbagwoju anya na anya, ije. na stasis, usoro na ọgba aghara.   Ọ na-akwalite mmetụta ndị a site n'iwepụ ndị mmadụ na arịa ụlọ n'ihe nkiri ya ka ndị na-ekiri wee nwee ike ijide oghere ahụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu;    Ndị nkatọ na-atụ aro na ịdị mma a na-enweghị isi na-eme ka eserese ahụ nwee echiche nke ihe omimi ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ eziokwu.    Ụfọdụ ndị ode akwụkwọ achọpụtala usoro ngụkọ oge, anụ ahụ na nke mmụọ na mmalite nke ọrụ Dalton Brown: site na facade ruo n'ọnụ ụzọ ruo n'ime ime, wee pụta na windo wee banye na mbara mmiri gafere.  

### Ọrụ "Barn" (1965-77)
N'agbata 1965 na 1977 Dalton Brown mfe na ụzọ nke ọba na silos, kere "iji foto collage na nzacha nke ike nka na ebe nchekwa" dị ka nyọcha.  [1] [2] Onye nka New York Sun bụ David Grosz ụzọ dị ka "nkà nke archetypes, ọ bụghị ihe dị iche iche" nke mere ka "aura akara ngosi dị iche" n'iche ya site na ihe ide dị  mfe nke agba siri ike site na egwuregwu nke ngosi na ọrịa.  [1] Ka oge na-aga, ọrụ a bịara na-esiwanye ike, dị ka na ụzọ Shadow of Tree and Table (1977), otu facade na-acha uhie uhie na-acha uhie uhie na-acha ọcha na-acha ọcha.  na slats na akara na ndò amorphous crimson nwere ụdị picnic na-acha uhie n'ihu, nke a na-ahụ anya naanị site na.  lug ya gbara;  Nlebanya tụlere oghere n'ihu dị otú ahụ na ihe Cubist nke Charles Sheeler na Georgia O'Keeffe .    
### Eserese ụlọ (1977–94)
N'afọ 1977, ụlọ obodo na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla na Westfield, New York dọtara mmasị Dalton Brown wee ghọọ ebe a na-elekwasị anya n'ọtụtụ ọrụ, na-ebute isi ihe ọhụrụ na ọrụ ya: Ụlọ Victorian, nke a na-ele anya site n'èzí ma na-egosipụtakarị ọchịchọ ịnọ n'ime ya. na ụfọdụ na-ewere dị iche iche dị ka feminist ma ọ bụ Freudian.   O kwenyesiri ike na mbido oge, ebe na oge ahụrụ anya, mana jiri nwayọ kwaga n'ọsọ nke na-adịghị adị n'ezie site na ijikọta ihe sitere na ọnọdụ dị iche iche, echiche ma ọ bụ oge dị iche iche na oge dị iche iche na ìhè, oke na ihe ọkụkụ.   N'ọrụ ụfọdụ, ọ na-ese ihe nkiri zuru oke, dịka ọ dị n'obosara-ụkwụ iri na otu, nke na-acha ọcha *Grand Westfield Porch* (1980); ihu ihu, akụkụ akụkụ facade nke ụzọ archways na-adịghị mma, kọlụm ndị dị gịrịgịrị na enyo a kpụrụ akpụ a na-achọ mma yiri ka ọ gbapụrụ site na aghụghọ nke echiche, ọ mụbara okpukpu abụọ dị ka ọmụmụ na abstraction geometric.   N'ọrụ ndị ọzọ, ọ na-abanye na nkọwa - windo gbachiri agbachi, nzọụkwụ ole na ole, ma ọ bụ akụkụ nke ihe owuwu ụzọ mbata, dị ka ọ dị na usoro *Kathy's Room* (1983). 

Eserese ụlọ ahụ na- ahọrọ anya n'ókè ma ọ bụ oghere ọnụ ụzọ - ọnụ ụzọámá, windo na ihe owuwu ụzọ mbata nke na-agafe n'ime na n'ahụ, nsogbu na eze na-achị, na ike nke ịma mma.  , iyi egwu ma ọ bụ ọgba aghara.  Oghere ndị dị otú ahụ na-enyere Dalton Brown aka inyocha textures dị iche iche (ihe atụ, architecture vs. foliage), ụdị siri ike na nke dị nro, na otú egwu egwu (na, ntụgharị uche ma ọ bụ na ụdị n).  'ezie) nwere ike i ihe n'ọtụtụ ụzọ.  [1] [2] [3] Malite na 1980s ikpeazụ, ọ webatara ike ọhụrụ n'akwa a-ma n'ụdị agba na nke-nke na-eme emee ike na ngwaọrụ nke okike.  [4] [5] [6] Ọrụ ndị a na-enye ma ugwu na nke na-ekpuchi, ntọala nke ọkara ọkara ma na-agụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, usoro anya nke etu, ntụgharị uche na ɔdɔ mmiri, na  Ozi ndị na-ahụ mmetụta (ahụka ọmụmaatụ, Tropical Shadows, 1988; Pool: Tropical Reflection, 1989; Pink Dappled)., 1992)     
### "Summer Breeze" na usoro mmiri (1995-)
N'etiti 1990s, Dalton Brown echiche ya, yana ihe nkiri si n'ime ụlọ na-elepụ anya, nke nnyefe mma site na windo mepere emepe nke diaphanous, isi ifufe na-eme ka ọ dị ndụ ma ọ bụghị, ọnụ  ụlọ na-ihe ọ na-eche echiche echiche.  [1] [2] [3] [4] Eserese nwere ihe nkiri nkiri mmiri mmiri, dị ka Summer Breeze (1995), Blues Come through .  (1999) na Whisper (2001), kwusiri ike na-arụsi ọrụ ike egwuregwu nke ìhè, dị na geometry na ozi, ozi, ala na mmiri site na ntụgharị uche, ntugharị na mgbagha.  [2] [5] [6] [7] Art na America nkatọ Gerrit Henry ndị ha dị ka ọrụ nke echiche ebi n'oge ndụ, "crystal doro anya na ha psychological pantheism" na "a na- ቀደም egwu nke ọmụmụ."  na ihu igwe" na anya maka iche iche n'etiti kwa ụbọchị.  [8] Site na ọrụ ndị dị ka elegiac Autumn Reverie (1998), Dalton Brown kwusiri ike na nhazi ụlọ na nchekwa dị iche iche a na-ahụ anya nke windo na-ebe, n' ahụ n'ime usoro ihe eji ọnụ ọnụ.  nke triptych-dị ka usoro nke nwere ihe owuwu ụzọ mbata, ọnụ na ime ime .  

Na mgbe e-ahụ,-acha ndị-adịkwaghị esere nke oké osimiri, Dalton Brown na-etinye uche ndị na-ekiri nri n'elu mmiri na otherworldly dere na-ahụ ụzọ mgbasa framing ngwaọrụ, grounded nanị site sonso ugbu kite- ma ọ  bụ ụgbọ mmiri-dị ka ozi (eg, Ma ọ bụ Earth ma ọ bụ oké osimiri, 2011).  [1] [2] Ihe ngosi ya, "Nocturnes and Diurnes" (Fischbach, 2010), egwuregwu iri na abụọ nke ebili mmiri na-egosi nke weghaara oge na-aga site n'ụtụ ruo n'iji.  [3] [4] N'edemede 2014, onye na-akọ ihe mere eme bụ Maryan Ainsworth jiri nke ihe ọrụ mmiri nke Dalton Brown na-eme ihe ndị e ji njikwa ya na ụwa ndị Dutch Old Master na-ese ihe n  'ihe gbasara anya, usoro na ụgbọ;  ọ anya anya, nzaghachi uche na-ndị- ma ntọhapụ na akara akara - dị ka oge "na-adịru oyiyi ebi ebe ahụ na-agbanwe agbanwe."

Usoro Dalton Brown's "Italy" (2015-19) akụkọ mgbe ọ bụ onye na-ese ihe nkiri na American Academy na Rome .  Ụbọchị pastels na mpaghara ya na-anya na ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na textures nke mpaghara ebe a na-eme kwa ụbọchị nwere echiche sitere na ma n'ime (site na windo) na n' dị iche iche Villas.  [1] [2] [3] Na 2021, My Art Museum na Seoul nlegharị anya ihe ndị ọrụ iri Dalton Brown, "Ebe ọkụ na-eku ume," nke ọkụ na-eku ume," nke ndị ọkụ atọ "Summer Breeze" nyere ọrụ: "N'  oge dị egwu," "Atụmanya" na "Lifting Light" ( niile 2021).   

## Nchịkọta ihe ngosi nka
Ọrụ Dalton Brown bụ nke mkpokọta nke Allen Memorial Art Museum, [1] Asheville Art Museum, Butler Institute of American Art, Johnson Museum of Art, [2] Frost Art Museum, Maier Museum of Art, [3] Metropolitan Museum.  nke Art, [4] Minneapolis Institute of Art, [5] New York Public Library, Springfield Art Museum, [6] Tampa Museum of Art, na Telfair Museums, n'etiti ndị ọzọ, yana ụlọ ọrụ, na mkpokọta mkpokọta..  

## Ihe ngosi katalọgụ na akwụkwọ

* Shin, Miri, Bora Kim na James Mullen. *Alice Dalton Brown: Ebe Ìhè na-eku ume*, Seoul: My Art Museum, 2021
* Zona, Louis. ''Pastel nke Alice Dalton Brown'', Youngstown, OH: Ụlọ ọrụ Butler nke Art American, 2019
* Ainsworth, Maryan W. *[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/908141759 Asụsụ Ndị Mmụọ Ozi]*, New York: Fischbach Gallery, 2014
* Wiles, Stephanie. *[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/885300738 Oge okpomọkụ ikuku: Ihe osise na eserese nke Alice Dalton Brown]*, Ithaca, NY: Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, NY2013.
* Kingsley, Eprel. *[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/49583206 Ihe osise nke Alice Dalton Brown]*, New York: Hudson Hills Press, 2002

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Alice Dalton Brown webụsaịtị gọọmentị
* Alice Dalton Brown, Jane Eckert Fine Art
* ''Summer Breeze'', Alice Dalton Brown, 2010, Johnson Museum of Art
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations