Osman Waqialla

**Osman Waqialla** ( Arabic , 1925-4 Jenuarị 2007), bụ onye Sudanese na narị afọ nke 20 onye na-ese ihe na onye na-akpọ oku, kwuru maka iji ụdị mkpụrụedemede Arabic mee ihe n'ọrụ nka ya, si otú a na-etinye ọdịnala ọdịnala Africa na islam n'ime nka nke Sudan ugbu a .  Ojiji nke calligraphy Arabic dị ka ụdị eserese nke ọgbara ọhụrụ, nke na-abụghị okpukpe na-etinye Waquialla n'ime mmegharị nka Arabic nke bịara mara dị ka mmegharị Hurufiyya .

## Ndụ na ọrụ
A mụrụ Waqialla na Rufa'a, na Central Sudan, Al Jazirah steeti n'akụkụ mmiri nke Blue Nile . Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na School of Design, Gordon Memorial College, Khartoum, Sudan na 1945. Na 1946, ọ nwetara akwụkwọ mmụta wee kwaga England ịbanye na Camberwell School of Arts and Crafts na London wee gụchaa akwụkwọ na 1949. Mgbe e mesịrị ọ kwagara Cairo, Egypt, ebe ọ zụrụ azụ dị ka onye na-agụ akwụkwọ n'okpuru nna ukwu Sayyid Muhammed Ibrahim (nwụrụ 1994) na Cairo School of Arabic Calligraphy. 

N'oge ya na Camberwell School of Art and Crafts, London, na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ nke Arabic Calligraphy, Cairo, Waqialla nyochara ohere nkwuwapụta na nhazi nke ụdị ọkpụkpọ Arab na eserese ya. O wee bụrụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe mbụ wepụtara akwụkwọ ịkpọ oku Arab na mmekọrịta akụkọ ihe mere eme ya na ederede islam dị nsọ yana ịtụpụta ya ka ọ bụrụ ezigbo akụrụngwa maka nka Modernist . N'oge ahụ, nke a bụ echiche mgbanwe. 

Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ laghachiri na Sudan na mmalite nke 1950, ebe ọ kụziiri na College of Fine and Applied Art . Na mmalite 1960s, ụfọdụ ụmụ akwụkwọ Waqialla na kọleji a, dịka Ahmed Mohammed Shibrain (b. 1931),  Ibrahim el-Salahi (b. 1930) na Tag el-Sir Ahmed (b. 1933)  sonyeere n'ọrụ nke imepụta mmegharị nka ọgbara ọhụrụ nke Sudan, ụlọ akwụkwọ Khartoum.   Site na 1954 ruo 1964, ọ rụkwara ọrụ na *Studio Osman* ya maka imepụta eserese, nke a maara dị ka ebe nzukọ maka ndị nka na ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi na Khartoum. Ewezuga ihe osise ya, o dere abụ na akụkọ gbasara omenala. Na 1956, o haziri akwụkwọ ego mbụ nke steeti nweere onwe ọhụrụ. Na 1967, ọ laghachiri na London wee rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye na- ahụ maka oku na-ahụ maka ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ego De La Rue . - Afọ abụọ ka ọ laghachiri Sudan ikpeazụ na 2005, ọ nwụrụ na 4 Jenụwarị 2007, ọ dị afọ 81. 

## Ọrụ na ihe gbara ya gburugburu na nka narị afọ nke 20 sitere na Sudan
Waqialla bụ akụkụ nke otu ndị na-ese ihe Sudan, emesịa mara ya dị ka ụlọ akwụkwọ Khartoum,  chọrọ izere echiche nka Western ma na-achọ njirimara nka ọhụrụ, nke sitere na omenala na ihe nketa nke ha. Site na nke a, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe mbụ nke narị afọ nke 20 iji nyochaa ụdị ọkpụkpọ Arabic nke ọgbara ọhụrụ,  na-ejikọta ọdịnala Africa na ọdịnala anya nke Islam n'ime ihe ndị Sudan nke oge a. Ọ na-eji fọm mkpụrụedemede Arab wee mejupụta oghere dị n'etiti ha na agba agba.  Ojiji nke calligraphy a n'ime ihe osise na-abụghị okpukpe na-etinye Waquialla n'ime Hurufiyah Art Movement (nke a makwaara dị ka *mmegharị Al-hurufiyyah* ma ọ bụ *North African Letterist movement* ).  

Egosiputala ọrụ Waqialla n'Africa, Middle East, United States na Europe, gụnyere ihe ngosi njem nleta *Akụkọ asaa gbasara Art Modern na Africa*, nke malitere na Whitechapel Art Gallery, London, 1995.  N'otu afọ ahụ, o sonyekwara na ihe ngosi otu na Barbican Center 's The Curve Gallery, nke a na-akpọ *akara, traces na Calligraphy*, nke Rose Issa kwadoro. 

Enwere ike ịhụ ọrụ ya na mkpokọta National Museum of African Art  na Washington, DC, British Museum, London  na n'ọtụtụ mkpokọta nzuzo. Ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ya ka dị na Sudan.
 

### Ndepụta nke ọrụ nka ahọpụtara

* *Kaf ha ya ayn sadd,* 1980 British Museum 
* *Akwụkwọ akụkọ Kufic,* 1991
* *Calligraphy na-abịa ndụ,* ụbọchị amabeghị
* *Eserese nwoke,* ụbọchị amabeghị

### Ihe ngosi ahọpụtara

* 1952: *Osman Waiquialla,* Cultural Center, Khartoum (ihe ngosi naanị)
* 1969: *Osman Waiquialla,* Camden Art Center, England (ihe ngosi naanị)
* 1995: *Ihe ngosi akụkọ asaa,* Whitechapel Art Gallery, London (ihe ngosi nka nka nke Africa ọgbara ọhụrụ)
* 1995: *Ihe ịrịba ama, traces na Calligraphy Show,* Barbican Art Center, The Curve Gallery, London
* 1996: *Ihe ngosi akụkọ asaa,* Guggenheim Museum, New York
* 1999: *Ide Arabic,* ihe ngosi nlegharị anya nke British Museum
* 2006: *Okwu n'ime Art,* British Museum

## Hụkwa

* Nkà ihe nkiri nke Sudan
* nka Islam
* Ihe odide Arabic

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* Porter, Venetia. ''Okwu n'ime nka: Artists of the Modern Middle East'' . British Museum Press, 2006, p. 141 ISBN&nbsp;

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ihe osise nke Osman Waqialla na ebe nchekwa Sudan