Nikki Turner (onye na-akwado ahụike ọha)

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**Nicola Mary Turner** bụ onye na-akwado ahụike ọha na eze New Zealand bụ Prọfesọ na Mahadum Auckland na Onye Nlekọta Ahụike nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Ndụmọdụ Ịgba Ọgwụ, otu nzukọ na-adụ ọdụ ndị ọrụ ahụike New Zealand na ndị ọchịchị New Zealand. O nyela aka na kọmitii ndụmọdụ maka New Zealand Ministry of Health, bụ onye na-ekwuchitere Child Poverty Action Group (Aotearoa New Zealand) ma na-arụ ọrụ n'ozuzu. Ọtụtụ n'ime nyocha ya na mgbasa ozi ya lekwasịrị anya n'ịkwalite mkpuchi ọgwụ mgbochi yana imechi oghere nha anya maka nnyefe ọgwụ mgbochi oge nke mba na New Zealand na o kwuwo okwu n'ihu ọha n'okwu ndị a n'oge COVID-19 na New Zealand.

## Agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ
Turner nwere nzere bachelọ nke ọgwụ na ịwa ahụ (MBChB), Diploma of Obstetrics Gynecology and Family Planning (Dip Obs) na Masters of Public Health (MPH Hons) sitere na Mahadum Auckland . E nyere ya Diploma of Paediatrics (DHC) site na UK Royal College of Physicians.  Na 2014 Mahadum Auckland nyere Turner a Doctorate of Medicine (MD) maka akwụkwọ akụkọ akpọrọ *Ihe metụtara mkpuchi ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi maka mmemme ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi nwata na New Zealand: 1999-2012* . 

Na 1997, na nzaghachi maka mkpuchi ọgwụ mgbochi dị ala na oghere nha nhata na mmemme ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi New Zealand, Turner mepụtara Center Advisory Immunization, (IMAC) otu nzukọ dị na Mahadum Auckland, nke mba na-enye ozi sayensị dabere na nnwere onwe yana eziokwu gbasara. ọrịa ndị a na-egbochi ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa na uru na ihe egwu dị na ọgwụ mgbochi.   Turner kwuru na n'oge e guzobere Ụlọ Ọrụ Ndụmọdụ Ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa, e nwere "mgbatị ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ụda olu na mmetụta na-egosipụta, enweghị ntụkwasị obi na sayensị na usoro nlekọta ahụike bụ isi nke a na-ahazighị nke ọma..." ]...dị ka ndị obodo New Zealand... nwetara n'azụ nke a, ihe mgbochi ọgwụ mgbochi iwe dị ntakịrị, n'ihi na a na-emezi ọgwụ mgbochi ugbu a dị ka akụkụ dị mma nke ịzụ ụmụaka nwere ahụike mkpebi siri ike ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa, ugbu a ị ga-eme mkpebi siri ike ịghara."  Dịka nke 2023, Turner bụ akwụkwọ ndekọ ahụike maka IMAC. 

Turner bụ onye nkuzi dị elu na Mahadum Auckland site na 2005 ruo mgbe ọ ghọrọ Prọfesọ Njikọ na 2013. Na 1 Jenụwarị 2014, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Prọfesọ na Ngalaba General Practice na Primary Care n'otu mahadum ahụ.  

Turner abụrụla akụkụ nke ndị otu Practice General na Newtown Union Health Services (NUHS), Broadway, Wellington kemgbe 2011,  na ọ bụ onye mmekọ na ọnụ na-ekwuchitere Child Poverty Action Group. 

## Nnyocha na ihe odide

### Imelite mkpuchi ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa
Turner etinyela aka na nyocha ka esi ejikọta ihe owuwu na nhazi nke omume izugbe na mkpuchi mgbochi mgbochi na New Zealand. Otu akwụkwọ 2010, nke Turner dekọtara ya kwubiri na ọ bụ ezie na mkpuchi ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa na oge dị iche iche dịgasị iche iche na New Zealand, "akụkụ nhazi na nhazi nke omume n'ozuzu bụ isi ihe na-ekpebi nnyefe ọgwụ mgbochi n'ozuzu." 

Turner kwadoro ụlọ ọrụ ndụmọdụ gbasara ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa (IMAC) na 2011 nke nyochara ịdị irè nke njikwa oyi oyi maka ịnye ọgwụ mgbochi ụmụaka site na ụlọ ahịa mba gaa na saịtị nnyefe na New Zealand. 

Na 2018, IMAC chịkọtara nkọwapụta nke atụmatụ ejiri kemgbe ọrịa influenza nke 1918 iji nagide ajụjụ na-azaghị gbasara otu esi ejikwa ọrịa na-efe efe n'ọdịnihu.  Ihe omuma a gosiputara na ibu oria a na 1918 na New Zealand bu ndi mmadu na-adighi ike dika ndi Maori, Pacific Island na ndi obodo Eshia bu n'ezighi ezi.  N'ime ọrụ nyocha metụtara ya, Turner na ndị na-ahụ maka ọrịa na-efe efe Nick Wilson na Michael Baker gosipụtara data gosiri na ọnụ ọgụgụ ọmụmụ maka Maori dara n'ụzọ na-ezighi ezi mgbe ọrịa 2018 gasịrị, na-akwado mkpa ọ dị n'ịgba ụmụ nwanyị dị ime ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa oge oyi iji belata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ịmụ nwa .  Na mkparịta ụka mechara banyere nyocha a, Turner kwughachiri mkpa ọ dị ichebe ụmụ nwanyị dị ime site na ọrịa ọ bụla, ma ọ bụrụ na ọgwụ mgbochi dị ụkọ, na-ebute ha ụzọ maka "ịnweta ọgwụ mgbochi na ikuku ikuku na ngalaba nlekọta ahụike ụlọ ọgwụ ma ọ bụrụ na ha rịa ọrịa". 

### Nkwado maka ụmụaka
N'ọrụ ya dị ka ọnụ na-ekwuchitere Child Poverty Action Group, Turner kwuru na mgbasa ozi gbasara mmekọrịta dị n'etiti obere ego na ahụike ụmụaka na-adịghị mma,  na na 2008 kwadoro akụkọ nyocha nke kwuru na ịda ogbenye na-akpata "mbibi" na ngalaba ahụike, yana data na-egosi na ụmụaka New Zealand nwere "ọnụọgụ dị elu nke ọrịa nwere ike igbochi na ọnwụ sitere na mmerụ ahụ karịa ụmụaka n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ obodo OECD ọ bụla ọzọ".  Akụkọ ahụ dọọrọ uche gaa n'eziokwu na nke a metụtara ụmụaka Maori na Pasifika n'ụzọ na-ezighi ezi. 

Na 2012, Turner, dị ka onye so na Office of the Children's Commissioner's Expert Advisory Group on Solutions to Child Poverty, nyere aka na akụkọ dị mkpa nke nyochara otú ụmụaka nwere ike isi belata ịda ogbenye na New Zealand.  Turner mechara kwuo na nzaghachi gọọmentị New Zealand wutere ya na na ha lekwasịrị anya na mpaghara ole na ole kama ịme usoro zuru oke iji belata ịda ogbenye ụmụaka.  Akuko a kwadoro ihe nchoputa na akwukwo gara aga, nke ndi New Zealand Medical Association kwadoro na Turner kwadoro ya, nke na-ekwusi ike na njubiga ihe ókè, nri na-adighi nma, ikpughe ụtaba na nchekasị nyere aka n'ịmepụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke ọha mmadụ na-adịghị ike na ndị mmadụ. nwere ike inwe obere ohere ịnweta ọrụ nlekọta ahụike. 

N'ikwu okwu banyere akụkọ sitere n'aka The Asthma Foundation , Turner kwuru na ọ kwadoro nchegbu na ịda ogbenye na enweghị ike na-emetụta ọrịa iku ume na ụmụaka New Zealand, na ihe kpatara ya dị mkpa ka a gwa ya iji hụ na ụmụaka na ezinụlọ nwere ego zuru oke. ezigbo ụlọ na mfe ịnweta nlekọta ahụike.  Na 2015 mgbe Kọmịshọna Ụmụaka wepụtara data na-egosi na n'oge ahụ, e nwere ụmụaka 305,000 bi na ịda ogbenye na New Zealand - mmụba nke 45,000 site na afọ gara aga - Turner kwuru na ịda ogbenye ụmụaka bụ ugbu a okwu mba, ọ bụghị naanị maka ndị nne na nna n'otu n'otu., ma ọ dị ka enweghị njikere inye ihe ngwọta maka nsogbu ahụ. 

### Na-emechi oghere nha nhata
Turner dekọtara akwụkwọ na 2019 na-achịkọta nchoputa nke nyochaghachi azụ azụ nke ụmụaka New Zealand (amụrụ 2006-2015), nke chọpụtara na ọnụego ụlọ ọgwụ maka ọrịa na-efe efe kemgbe 1989 abawanyela n'ụzọ na-ezighi ezi maka ụmụaka Maori na Pacific na ndị na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba. Ọtụtụ ndị napụrụ, mana na ụmụaka ndị natara ọgwụ mgbochi pneumococcal conjugate (PVC) n'etiti 2008 na 2014, o yighị ka a ga-anọ n'ụlọ ọgwụ. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ kwubiri na iji PVC jikọtara ya na "mbelata nke agbụrụ agbụrụ na nke akụ na ụba na ụlọ ọgwụ". 

Turner kwadoro akụkọ ọzọ na nyocha nyocha nke gosiri na ụmụaka ndị na -akwaga mba ọzọ bi na New Zealand nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi dị ala karịa ndị NZ mụrụ na ụmụaka ndị na-abụghị ndị mba ọzọ. A kwenyere na ọ dị mkpa ka e nwee ọganihu n'ụzọ e si achịkọta data ndị dị otú ahụ, na-akọwapụta mkpa ọ dị inwe "nleba anya nke mba ka mma na data ndị na-akwaga mba ọzọ metụtara mkpuchi ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi iji nyere aka kpughee ezighị ezi ahụike n'etiti ụmụaka bi na NZ ma mee ka amụma ọgwụ mgbochi . na omume".  Akwụkwọ na-esochi na nyocha a mere ka ọ pụta ìhè na iji nweta nghọta nke ọma banyere ahụike ndị na-akwaga mba ọzọ, a ga-ekewapụta data iji chọta usoro ezoro ezo, nye ozi gbasara ntinye akwụkwọ na ime ka ndị na-adịghị ike pụta ìhè. 

Ọtụtụ n'ime nyocha na ide ihe Turner bụ na ọ dị mkpa ka ndị mmadụ nweta ozi ziri ezi gbasara ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa, ọkachasị iji mesie ndị nne na nna obi ike na ọgwụ mgbochi adịghị mma.   Turner etinyela aka na mkparịta ụka mgbasa ozi gbasara nchekwa ọgwụ mgbochi gụnyere ọgwụ mgbochi Meningococcal na 2004  na ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa kansa cervical Gardasil na 2009.  

Turner akọwapụtala mkpa ọ dị ịkwalite ntụkwasị obi n'etiti ọha na eze na ndị na-ebuga mmemme ahụike, ma ọ bụ gọọmentị na-enweta ego,   ma ọ bụ n'ogo nke omume izugbe.  O kwuru na usoro ime mkpebi maka nkwenye nwere ike imetụta echiche mgbochi ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa,  mana ka ị na-eme ka ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa bụrụ iwu ga-enyere aka, enwere ihe ize ndụ na ụfọdụ ezinụlọ nwere ike ghara inwe mmasị ikwurịta nchegbu ha n'ihu ọha, na-emetụta njikọ aka. ha nwere, ma tụkwasị obi na, ndị ọkachamara ahụike. 

## Nkọwa na COVID-19 na New Zealand
Na Mee 2020, Turner, na-ekwu okwu dị ka onye isi ụlọ ọrụ ndụmọdụ ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa, kwadoro iji ọgwụ mgbochi iji jikwaa ọrịa COVID-19 na New Zealand wee pụta ìhè na ọ dị mkpa iji zere nsogbu nke ịha nhatanha n'ofe ụwa niile site n'inye ohere. mba ndị bara ọgaranya.  Ya na ndị ọkachamara ndị ọzọ kwekọrịtara na ọgwụ mgbochi ahụ bụ isi ihe dị mkpa n'ịzaghachi nje a ma dọọ aka ná ntị megide olileanya na-enweghị isi na ọ ga-eme ngwa ngwa na New Zealand n'ihi okwu ọkọnọ na ntinye nke nchịkwa nchịkwa nye ndị kachasị mfe, yana ndị nọ n'ihe egwu dị elu. nke ọrịa dịka ndị ọrụ ókèala na ndị ọrụ ahụike." 

Mgbe New Zealand kwadoro ịzụrụ ọgwụ mgbochi Pfizer COVID-19, Turner kwuru na ebe obodo ahụ nwere ohere ịnweta data ahụike yana "ezigbo ụwa", ma nwee ọnọdụ nke ọma iji kwado ya,   ọ dịghị mkpa. iji mee ngwa ngwa usoro.   O kwuru na n'ihi na enwere obere "ọrịa siri ike na ọnwụ sitere na ọrịa a" na New Zealand, mba ahụ nọ n'ọnọdụ dị mma nke inwe ike "nyochaa sayensị, lelee ka mwepu ọgwụ mgbochi na-aga maka mba ndị ọzọ."  Nye Turner, a ga-eme atụmatụ iwepụta ọgwụ mgbochi na New Zealand na usoro, na-achọ n'ikpeazụ maka ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi obodo zuru ebe niile. 

Turner na Jesse Mulligan kwurịtara okwu mgbe ndị ọrụ ahụike abụọ na United Kingdom nwesịrị mmeghachi ahụ nfụkasị na ọgwụ COVID-19 n'isi mbido Disemba 2020, wee chọpụta na mmeghachi omume ụfọdụ na ọgwụ mgbochi ọ bụla bụ ihe ga-ekwe omume mgbe niile mana "ezigbo ọrụ na-ebuga ọgwụ mgbochi" dị oke mkpa. iji merie mmeghachi omume ndị a. Ọ tụrụ aro ka ndị mmadụ nwere allergies siri ike kwesịrị ịkpachara anya yana ọ dị mkpa ozi dị mma gbasara ike na njedebe nke ọgwụ mgbochi a, dabere na data ụlọ ọgwụ nke nyochachara nke ọma, ndị mgbasa ozi, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ndị obodo na-ekerịta. 

Na Disemba 2021, Medsafe nyere nkwado nwa oge maka ọgwụ mgbochi a ga-eji maka ụmụaka nọ n'afọ 5-11 dị na New Zealand. Turner gwara Corin Dann na Redio New Zealand na data mbụ nke ụlọ ọgwụ sitere na iji ọgwụ mgbochi ụmụaka na mba ofesi egosila na a na-ebupụ ya nke ọma. O kwuru na ọ dịghị mkpa ka ọ bụrụ iwu mana ọ ga-echebe ụmụaka nwere nsogbu ahụike ndị ọzọ ma ọ bụ na-ebi na ịda ogbenye, ga-egbochi mgbasa nke COVID-19 n'ime ezinụlọ yana enwechaghị mmetụta na ụlọ akwụkwọ.  Tupu nnabata a, Turner kwetara na enwere "ọdịmma na ọghọm" gbasara ụmụaka na-enweta ọgwụ mgbochi ahụ, mana enwere ike ikwu okwu siri ike na nke a ga-abụ maka ọdịmma nke ichebe obodo.  Turner kwuru na oghere maka ụmụaka New Zealand iji nweta ọgwụ mgbochi abụọ nke COVID-19 kwesịrị ịdị ogologo karịa nke ahụ maka ndị okenye na idobe ya n'ime izu asatọ nwere ike ibute ezigbo mgbochi. 

Ka ewepụtara ọgwụ mgbochi maka COVID-19 na New Zealand na mbido 2022 ka oge echere n'etiti usoro nke abụọ na nke atọ belatara ọnwa atọ, Turner zara ọtụtụ aro gbasara nke a. Ọ jụrụ na onye na-akwalite ahụ kwesịrị ịnọ na ogwe aka na-adịghị achịkwa, na-achọpụta mgbe ọ dị mma ịnọgide na-enwe ọkwa mmiri n'oge okpomọkụ, mmiri ọṅụṅụ, [agaghị eme ihe ọ bụla na nzaghachi ọgwụ mgbochi" na mgbe nrụgide na usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ bụ ihe kwere nghọta, enwere obere ihe kpatara nchegbu.  Mgbe gọọmentị New Zealand kwupụtara na Mee 2022 na a ga-enwe ihe nkwado COVID-19 nke abụọ maka ụfọdụ ndị otu obodo, Turner kwupụtara nchegbu banyere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala nke iwelite maka nkwalite mbụ… "karịsịa ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala nke boosters maka ndị agadi na ndị nwere ọnọdụ ahụike ... [na-agbakwụnye] ..." mana ka ọ dị, enwere mmadụ ole na ole na-eche na doses abụọ ezughi oke, ma ghara ịghọta na mkpa nke ihe nkwalite." 

Na Nọvemba 2022, mgbe nne na nna nke nwa dị ọnwa anọ na New Zealand chọrọ ịwa ahụ obi chọrọ mmịnye ọbara jụrụ ịnara ọbara n'aka onye nyere onyinye nke natara ọgwụ mgbochi COVID-19, Turner kwuru na enweghị akaebe sayensị na-atụ aro ebe ahụ. ga-abụ ihe ize ndụ ọ bụla nye nwa. O kwuru [na] "a na-enyocha nke ọma onyinye ọbara maka nchekwa iji hụ na ọ bụ egwuregwu maka onye nnata", na ndị nwere nchegbu banyere nke a kwesịrị ịgwa onye ọkachamara okwu.  Turner gwakwara Newshub mmemme *The Project ,* na ime "nyocha ihe mberede nke otu ụzọ iji nweta ọbara n'aka onye na-enweghị ọgwụ mgbochi" nwere ike ịmepụta echiche na enwere nsogbu nwere ike ime, ma gbaa ndị mmadụ ume ka ha "nọdụ ala na-arụ ọrụ site na ebe egwu ha na-atụ." na nchegbu", na-ekwubi na ọrụ ahụike New Zealand na-enye nwa ọhụrụ ọrụ kacha mma. 

## Ọrụ ndụmọdụ mba (New Zealand)
 

## Onyinye na iche
Enyere Turner onyinye nkwanye ugwu nke New Zealand College of Public Health Medicine na 2021,  ma bụrụ onye otu nke Royal New Zealand College of General Practitioners (RNZCGP).  Na 2020, Turner bụ onye ikpeazụ maka ihe nrite Green Cross Health maka ntinye pụtara ìhè na ahụike na onyinye nnabata New Zealand Primary Healthcare Awards. 

Turner bụ onye nchọpụta bụ isi na-eduga ogwe aka dị irè Vaccine for the Southern Hemisphere Influenza and Vaccine Effectiveness Research and Surveillance (SHIVERS) Project (2012-2016) nke e mere iji tụọ irè ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa maka influenza na ọrịa ndị ọzọ na-efe efe nke iku ume.  Na 2019, n'ịkwado nnukwu onyinye ha na nyocha influenza, ndị otu SHIVERS, gụnyere Turner, natara New Zealand Association of Scientists ' Shorland Medal . 

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations