Rule of Law in Armed Conflicts Project

**Ọchịchị nke Iwu na Ọrụ Esemokwu Ndị Agha** (RULAC Project) bụ ụzọ atụmatụ nke Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights iji kwado itinye na mmejuputa iwu mba ụwa nke agha.

## Nkọwapụta
Site na nchekwa data zuru ụwa ọnụ na nyocha, RULAC Ihe oru ngo nwere ebumnuche ya nyocha nke mmejuputa iwu nke iwu na-emetụta agha agha: 

* Iwu enyemaka mba ụwa
* Iwu ruuru mmadụ nke mba ụwa
* Iwu mpụ mba ụwa
* Iwu ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ

Ọrụ ahụ ga-emesị kpuchie mba niile so na United Nations na ndị sonyere na Mgbakọ Geneva yana okirikiri ébé ndị a na-asọmpi, ma ha nọ n'ọnọdụ agha ma ọ bụ na ha anọghị. N'ezie, a ghaghị itinye ụfọdụ iwu mba ụwa n'ọrụ n'oge udo ma ọ bụ dị mkpa n'ọnọdụ esemokwu, ọkachasị ndị metụtara mmegbu nke mpụ mba ụwa. Ná ntinye, iwu gbasara ọgụ megide iyi ọha egwu, nke ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ ga-ekpuchikwa, na-emetụta steeti ndị na-anọghị n'ọnọdụ agha.

E kewara ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ ụzọ atọ. Ebe obibi ahụ na-enye obere nkọwa nke iwu kwesịrị ekwesị ma na-edozi isi okwu iwu na mpaghara ahụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ iru eru iwu nke esemokwu ma ọ bụ itinye iwu mba ụwa n'ọrụ na ndị agha na-abụghị nke steeti. Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ na-enyezi maka mba ọ bụla ederede na akwụkwọ ndị dị mkpa na-ahụ maka usoro iwu mba na mba ụwa (iwu mba na iwu ikpe, mkpebi nke òtù gọọmentị, nkwekọrịta, wdg.). N'ikpeazụ, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ na-enye nyocha iwu nke, n'otu aka, na-eme ka esemokwu ahụ ruo eruo n'okpuru iwu enyemaka mba ụwa ma n'aka nke ọzọ, na-ekpebi iwu kwesịrị ekwesị. Akụkụ a nke ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ, n'ezie nke kachasị dị nro n'okwu ikpe na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, bụ kpọmkwem na Ihe oru ngo RULAC.

Ọrụ RULAC kwesịrị igosiputa na ọ bụ isi iyi dị oké ọnụ ahịa nke ozi banyere ndị ọrụ gọọmentị, ndị nta akụkọ na ọtụtụ ebe maka onye ọ bụla nwere mmasị na nkwanye ùgwù nke iwu n'agha.

## Mgbakọ Geneva
E degharịrị Mgbakọ Geneva atọ edeburu nà mbụ, gbasaa, ma dochie ya, tinyekwara nke anọ, n'ime afọ 1949.

* A nabatara Mgbakọ Geneva maka imeziwanye ọnọdụ nke ndị merụrụ ahụ na ndị ọrịa na ndị agha n'ọhịa. n'afọ 1864. E degharịrị ya nke ọma ma dochie ya site na nsụgharị 1906, nsụgharị 1929, na mgbe e mesịrị Mgbakọ Geneva nke Mbụ nke 1949.
* A nabatara Mgbakọ nke Geneva maka nkwalite ọnọdụ nke ndị merụrụ ahụ, ndị ọrịa na ụgbọ mmiri kpuru n'oké osimiri na 1906. E degharịrị ya nke ọma ma dochie ya site na nkwekọrịta Geneva nke abụọ nke 1949.
* A nabatara nkwekọrịta Geneva metụtara ọgwụgwọ nke ndị mkpọrọ nke agha na 1929. E degharịrị ya nke ọma ma dochie ya site na nkwekọrịta Geneva nke atọ nke 1949.
* A nabatara nkwekọrịta Geneva nke anọ metụtara Nchedo nke ndị nkịtị n'oge agha na 1949.

## Leekwa

* Combatant
* Crime against humanity
* Customary international law
* Disarmed Enemy Forces
* Genocide
* Human rights
* International human rights instruments
* Just War
* Prisoner-of-war camp
* Prisoner of war
* Protective sign
* Roerich’s Pact
* Rule of law
* Rule According to Higher Law
* Total war
* War crime

## Ịgụgụ ọzọ

* Barenboim P.,Sidiqi N., "Bruges, the Bridge between Civilizations: 75 Anniversary of Roerich Pact", Grid Belgium, 2010,  
* Bassiouni, MC, Introduction to International Criminal Law, Transnational Publishers, 2003
* Cassese A., Gaeta P. na Jones J.R.W.D. (eds), The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Commentary, Oxford University Press, 2002.
* Cassese, A., International Law, Oxford University Press, UK, 2005.
* Cassese, A., International Criminal Law, Oxford University Press, mbipụta nke abụọ, 2008.
* Clapham, A., Human Rights: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press, UK, 2007
* Cryer, R., Friman, H., Robinson, D., na Wilmshurst, E., Okwu Mmalite na Iwu Criminal International na Usoro, Cambridge University Press, 2007.
* De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook on Reparations, Oxford University Press, 2006.
* Deng, FM, “The Global Challenge of Internal Displacement”, Journal of Law and Policy, Vol. 5, 2001.
* Feller, E., Türk, V. na Nicholson, F. (ed.), Nchedo ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ na Iwu mba ụwa, UNHCR's Global Consultations on International Protection, Cambridge, University Press, 2003.
* Goodwin-Gill, G.S. na McAdam, J., The Refugee in International Law, mbipụta nke atọ, Oxford University Press, 2007.
* Hathaway J.C., The Rights of Refugees under International Law, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2005.
* Kälin, W., Müller, L. na Wyttenbach, J., The Face of Human Rights, Lars Müller Publishing, Germany, 2004.
* Romano, C., Nollkaemper, A., Kleffner, J., (eds), Internationalized Criminal Courts and Tribunals: Sierra Leone, East Timor, Kosovo and Cambodia, Oxford University Press, 2004.
* Schabas, W.A., The UN International Criminal Tribunals. The former Yugoslavia, Rwanda and Sierra Leone, Cambridge University Press, 2006.
* Smith, R.K.M. na van den Anker, C.(eds.), The Essentials of Human Rights, Oxford University Press, UK, 2006.
* Steiner, H.J., Alston, P., na Goodman, R., International Human Rights in Context: Laws, Politics and Morals, mbipụta nke atọ, Oxford University Press, UK, 2008.
* Teitel, R.G., Transitional Justice, Oxford University Press, 2000.
* Tomuschat, C., Human Rights: Between Idealism and Realism, mbipụta nke abụọ, Oxford University Press, UK, 2008.
* UNHCR, Handbook on Criteria and Procedures Determining the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 1979.
* Zahar, A. & Sluiter, G., International Criminal Law, Oxford University Press, 2008.

## Edensibia


## Njikọ mpụga

* Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights
* Kọmitii mba ụwa nke Red Cross (ICRC)
* Official United Nations website
* Official UN website on Human Rights
* Official UN website on International Law
* Official website nke International Court of Justice
* UNHCHR
* Onye nnọchi anya odeakwụkwọ ukwu na ikike mmadụ nke ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ n'ime obodo (Walter Kälin).