Mbilite n'Ọnwụ Maria de Azkue

Resurrección María de Azkue (5 August 1864 - 9 November 1951) bụ onye ọrụ Basque nwere ikike, onye na-eti egwu, onye na'ede uri, onye edemede, onye ụgbọ mmiri mmiri na ike.[1]  O nyere ọtụtụ nri dị maka mkpa mkpakọ Asụsụ Basque ma bụrụ onye isi mbụ nke Euskaltzaindia, Academy of the Basque Language.  N'agbanyeghị nkatọ ụfọdụ ziri ezi ntụgharị na ụdị ndị a na-ahụ ahụkebe na ndị ochie ochie na agha ileghara Romance anya na Basque, a na-ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-akwụsị akwụsị nke Basque ruo ugbu a..

Aha ya zuru oke bụ Resurrección de Jesús María de las Nieves Azkue Aberásturi, mana a mara ya dịka Resurrección María de Azkue, R. M. Azkue, ma ọ bụ naanị Azkue..

## Akụkọ ndụ
A inji Azkue n'obodo Biscayan nke Lekeitio, ọ bụ onye na-asụrụ akwụkwọ Basque [1] na nwa nke onye na-ede uri Basque Eusebio María de los Dolores Azkue Barrundia onye si Lekeitio n'onwe ya na María del Carmen Aberásturi. 

Ọ bụ ebe na ọ na-ewere onwe ya dị ka onye Basque (ma ọ bụ abertzale) na ọ bụ ebe na ya na ndị na-ahụ mba n'anya dị ka Sabino Arana na Ramón de la Sota na-eme ihe ihe, a anaghị ele ya anya dị ka onye Carlist ma na-ekwe omumeghị na Arana na de Soto ugboro ugboro, ihe n'ihe gbasara ọmụmụ Basque.  N'ịbụ onye na-abụ Basque na-akpa n'anya akara, ọ na-akpa ike ịgba ụkwụ iji kwado ọrụ.  &#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

N'afọ 1904, Azkue na Bilbao gaa Europe ruo afọ ise, na nnukwu ihe na Tours, Brussels na Cologne, ebe ọ mmụta akwụkwọ egwu ya.  Mgbe ọ la n'ime Bilbao na 1909 ọ gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ ọrụ (dị ka Ortzuri na 1911 na Urlo na 1914), na-ebumpụta mpụta nke njikọ nke Basque.  Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị mgbasa ozi mgbasa nke iguzobe Euskaltsaindia, Academy of the Basque Language, na mbụ 1918 nke Eusko Ikaskuntza na Oñati ma bụrụ onye isi mbụ ya site na igbu ya na 1919 gaa n'ihu. 

Ọ hapụrụ oche ya nke ọmụmụ Basque na 1920 iji mikpuo onwe ya kpamkpam na ọrụ nke Euskaltzaindia, na-akwalite atụmatụ iji dezie ma kwalite asụsụ Basque, megide nnukwu mmegide sitere na ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị na ogige Arana. Isi ọmụmụ ya na ọdịdị Basque, 'Morfología Vasca' na nchịkọta nke egwu ndị Basque, Cancionero Popular Vasco, dabara n'oge a. Ọ mepụtara ''Erizkizundi Irukoitza'' ('Triple Questionnaire'), ngwá ọrụ dị mkpa iji nweta ozi gbasara okwu, ọdịdị na ịkpọpụta asụsụ Basque site n'aka ndị na-enye ihe ọmụma.

1935 hụrụ mbipụta nke ''Euskaleŕiaren Yakintza'', nchịkọta mpịakọta 4 nke akụkọ ọdịnala na nnukwu mkpali iji melite ọrụ ''Gipuzkera Osatua''.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

N'oge Agha Obodo nke Spain, Francisco Franco nyere iwu ka e mechie Euskaltsaindia mana Azkue jisiri ike ịgba ịgba ọsọ ndụ n'ihi na ọ bụ onye agadi ma ọ bụghị onye agha ụdị a ma ama.  N'ikpeazụ, o jisiri ike meghee Euskaltsaindia na 1941 site n'ibu nke Federico Krutwig.  Azkue isi na 1951 obere oge mgbe ọ dabara n'osimiri Ibaizabal na Bilbao na ike.   &#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Ọmụmụ ihe
Azkue jiri ihe ka ukwuu n'oge ndụ ya na-amụ asụsụ Basque ma ọrụ ya na-aga n'ihu na-abụ isi iyi nke ozi maka onye ọ bụla na-arụ ọrụ na asụsụ Basque. Ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ya lekwasịrị anya na lexicography, ụtọ asụsụ na akwụkwọ ndị a ma ama. Ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ ya kachasị mkpa gụnyere:

* *Euskal Izkindea-Gramatica Euskara* (1891). Nnyocha banyere Ngwaa Basque nke Azkue kpọrọ n'afọ ndị sochirinụ "mmehie nke ntorobịa ya" ka ọ na-achọ igosi ihe oyiyi a na-echepụta echepụta na "dị ọcha" nke asụsụ Basque. Ọ bụ ezie na Azkue n'onwe ya hapụrụ usoro a n'oge na-adịghị anya, Euskal Izkindea kpaliri ụlọ akwụkwọ echiche nke ọtụtụ afọ na-achọ ịkwalite echiche dị otú ahụ nke asụsụ Basque.
* Diccionario Vasco-Español-Francés ("Basque-Spanish-French dictionary") (1905). E bipụtara ya na mbụ n'akụkụ abụọ, nke a bụ mbipụta Azkue kacha mara taa. Ọ na-edepụta okwu Basque sitere na asụsụ Basque niile n'ụdị a na-agbanwebeghị ma a na-ewere ya dị ka isi iyi nke ihe gbasara asụsụ. Azkue chịkọtara data maka akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu a site na isi mmalite dị ugbu a na nyocha nke ya.  E bipụtaghachila ya ọtụtụ ugboro.
* Diccionario de Bolsillo Vasco-Español y Español-Vasco (1918), a Spanish-Basque pocket dictionary.
* Cancionero Popular Vasco (1918-1921), nchịkọta nke egwu na abụ.
* Morfología Vasca (1923), ọmụmụ banyere nsonaazụ Basque. Mbipụta a ka bụ isi ihe ọmụma banyere data ọdịdị, gụnyere ụdị na atụmatụ ndị a na-ejighịzi eme ihe.
* *Euskaleŕiaren Yakintza* ("ihe ọmụma nke Mba Basque") (1935-1947), nnukwu nchịkọta nke ọdịnala Basque.
* *Gipuzkera osotua* (1935), akwụkwọ Azkue na ụdị Gipuzkoan.

N'etiti ha, Euskaleŕiaren Yakintza na Cancionero na-eme nchịkọta nke ihe ochie Basque, nke nwere abụ, uri, soties, egwuregwu, tonguetwisters, omenala, ngwaahịa, past na ihe ihe ilu 2900.[1]  Ọ dezi isi mbụ mbụ Lucien Bonaparte nwere n'asụsụ mmepụta n'ime asaa.

## Enyemaka e nyere Batua
N'ihe gbasara akwụkwọ edemede maka akụkọ Basque, Azkue bụ onye na-akwado Gipuzkera Osotua ('Completed Gipuzkoan').  Nke a bụ n'ụzọ bụ isi ụdị nke aha Gipuzkoa dịka nguzozi ike si asụsụ Northern Basque gaa n'ebe ndịda, ebe ọtụtụ ndị na-Asụsụ Basque lekwasịrị anya ugbu a na Biscay na Gipuzkoa.

Edere akwụkwọ ya, dị ka Ardi Galdua ('nwa nne furu efu'), na Gipuzkera Osotua ma ọ ga-abụ nnukwu ụgbọ na mberede nke Standard Basque.

## Ihe odide

* Etxegoien, J. *Orhipean, Gure Herria* Inform Xamar: 1996
* Kintana Goiriena, J. *Vizcaytik Bizkaira? * *R.M. Azkue Euskaltzaindia astzin (1888-1919) *. BBK na Euskaltzaindia 2002.

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ Azkue nke Euskaltzaindia
* R.M Azkue, ''Gipuzkera Osotua''
* PopwerPoint Presentation nke Jurgi Kintana na ọrụ Azkue