Fred Wilson

**Fred Wilson** (amụrụ 1954) bụ onye omenkà America ma kọwaa onwe ya dị ka onye “African, American American, European and Amerindian”.  Ọ natara BFA site na Ịzụta College, State University of New York.  Wilson na-agbagha echiche nke colonial na akụkọ ihe mere eme, omenala, na agbụrụ - na-agba ndị na-ekiri ume ka ha tụlee akụkọ gbasara ọha na eze na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke na-anọchi anya ọdịda anyanwụ.  Wilson nwetara MacArthur Foundation "onyinye ọgụgụ isi" na 1999 na Larry Aldrich Foundation Award na 2003. Wilson nọchitere United States na Biennial Cairo na 1992 na Venice Biennale na 2003.  Na Mee 2008, a mara ọkwa na Wilson ga-abụ onye nnọchi anya Whitney Museum dochie Chuck Close . 

## Ọrụ
Onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Music &amp;amp; Art High School na New York, Wilson nwetara BFA site na SUNY Purchase na 1976, ebe ọ bụ naanị nwa akwụkwọ ojii na mmemme ya.  Mgbe Wilson na-amụ akwụkwọ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nche na Neuberger Museum .  N'agbata 1978 na 1980, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ihe na East Harlem dị ka akụkụ nke ọrụ ndị na-ese ihe na Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA). 

O kwuru na ya enwekwaghị ọchịchọ siri ike iji aka ya mee ihe. "Ana m enweta ihe ọ bụla na-eme ka afọ ju mkpụrụ obi m," ka ọ na-ekwu, "site n'ịchịkọta ihe ndị dị n'ụwa ọnụ, imegharị ha, ịrụ ọrụ na nhazi ohere, na ime ka e gosipụta ihe dị ka m chọrọ ịhụ ha." 

Onye na-ese ihe nrụnye na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, isiokwu Wilson bụ ikpe ziri ezi nke ọha na eze na usoro ya bụ museology. Na 1970s, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi ihe ngosi nka n'efu maka American Museum of Natural History, Metropolitan Museum of Art na American Craft Museum . Malite na ngwụsị 1980s, Wilson ji nkà onye nyocha ya mepụta "Ụlọ nwere echiche", usoro nke "ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie" nke na-ekwu ka ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na-ama ụma ma ọ bụ n'amaghị ama na-ewusi nkwenkwe na omume ịkpa ókè agbụrụ ike.  Atụmatụ a, nke Wilson na-ezo aka dị ka " *trompe l'oeil* nke oghere ngosi ihe mgbe ochie,"  aghọwo ihe na-elekwasị anya n'ọrụ ndụ ya. 

Na 1987, dị ka akụkụ nke usoro "Platform" ya dị n'èzí, Wilson kere *No Noa Noa, Portrait of a History of Tahiti*, nke e mere iji kọwaa "otú ọha mmadụ dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ si eme ka ndị ụwa nke atọ ghọọ ihe ndị dị egwu n'akụkụ ihe okike iji mee ntụrụndụ na titillate ma ndị na-adịghị were ya kpọrọ ihe." 

N'ime ọrụ seminal ya nke 1992 jikọtara ya na Contemporary Museum Baltimore, *Mining the Museum*, Wilson megharịrị mkpokọta Maryland Historical Society iji gosi akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị amaala na ndị Africa America na Maryland. Na 1994, Wilson gara n'ihu na nke a na *Insight: Na saịtị: Na Sight: Incite* na Winston-Salem, North Carolina, ebe, dị ka onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ Richard J. Powell si kwuo, "nhazigharị ihe akụkọ ihe mere eme na nhazi nke ihe ngosi ngosi., ọkụ, na usoro ngosi ndị ọzọ nyere aka kpughee akụkụ nke ọdachi ndị Africa-American gara aga nke saịtị ahụ (n'ihi na ndị agha na-agba izu nke oge, amaghị ihe na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ) aghọwo ihe a na-apụghị ịhụ anya." 

Na 2001, Wilson bụ isiokwu nke nlọghachi azụ, *Fred Wilson: Ihe na nrụnye, 1979-2000*, nke Maurice Berger haziri maka Center for Art, Design and Visual Culture na Mahadum Maryland, Baltimore County . Ihe ngosi ahụ gara n'ọtụtụ ebe, gụnyere Santa Monica Museum of Art, Berkeley Museum of Art, Blaffer Gallery ( Mahadum Houston ), Tang Teaching Museum na Art Gallery ( Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY), The Addison Gallery of American Art na Andover, Massachusetts, Chicago Cultural Center, Studio Museum na Harlem . Maka 2003 Venice Biennale, Wilson mepụtara nrụnye mgbasa ozi dị iche iche nke gbaziri aha ya site na ahịrị na *Othello* . Ọrụ Venice akọwawara nke ọma bụ "Na-ekwu banyere M ka m bụ" lekwasịrị anya na ihe nnọchianya nke ndị Africa na omenala Venetian. 

N'afọ 2007, a kpọrọ Fred Wilson ka ọ bụrụ akụkụ nke Indianapolis, Indiana, Cultural trail. Wilson tụrụ aro imegharị naanị onye America America nke egosiri na ncheta ndị agha na ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri dị n'ime obodo Indianapolis. Onye America America na-anọchite anya ohu a tọhapụrụ n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na-erute nnwere onwe nwanyị. Wilson mere atụmatụ iji nyocha nke African American rụọ ọrụ ọhụrụ kpamkpam, nke ga-eme ka onye America nwee mpako na ọnọdụ siri ike, na-ejide ọkọlọtọ nke nwere ọkọlọtọ mba Africa niile.  Ọrụ a tụrụ aro bụ aha, *E Pluribus Unum*, ma nwee ọtụtụ esemokwu, n'ikpeazụ na-eduga n'ịjụ ọrụ ahụ.

N'afọ 2009, William & Mary's Muscarelle Museum of Art nyere Wilson ihe nrite Cheek  . Nrite Cheek bụ ihe nrite nka nke mba nke kọleji William & Mary nyere ndị nyere aka nke ukwuu na ngalaba ihe ngosi nka, ime ihe ngosi ma ọ bụ nka.

2011 hụrụ mbipụta nke *Fred Wilson: A Critical Reader* site Ridinghouse, nke Doro Globus deziri. Ndekọ ederede dị oke egwu gbasara yana ajụjụ ọnụ nke onye na-ese ihe, akwụkwọ a na-elekwasị anya na ihe ngosi na ọrụ dị mkpa nke onye na-ese ihe, ma gụnye ọtụtụ ederede dị ịrịba ama nke gosipụtara nnabata dị egwu nke ọrụ Wilson n'ime afọ iri abụọ gara aga. 

## Isi isiokwu
Ụzọ nka pụrụ iche nke Wilson si were bụ inyocha, jụọ ajụjụ, na wubie ihe ngosi ọdịnala nke nka na arịa dị n'ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie. Site n'iji akara mgbidi ọhụrụ, ụda, ọkụ, na njikọta ihe na-abụghị omenala, ọ na-eduga ndị na-ekiri ka ha ghọta na mgbanwe ndị dị na gburugburu na-emepụta mgbanwe na ihe ọ pụtara. Mkpebi Wilson banyere ihe ndị na-akpali akpali na-amanye onye na-ekiri ya ịjụ echiche ọjọọ na njedebe nke ụlọ ọrụ omenala yana otu ha siri kpụzie nkọwa nke eziokwu akụkọ ihe mere eme, uru nka, na asụsụ ngosi.  Dị ka Wilson si kwuo, "Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka na-eleghara anya ma na-agọnahụ ihe ndị ọzọ pụtara [nke ihe]. Na ahụmahụ m ọ bụ n'ihi na ọ bụrụ na ihe ọzọ pụtara abụghị isiokwu nke ngosi ma ọ bụ ihe ngosi nke ihe ngosi nka, a na-ewere ya na ọ dịghị mkpa site na ụlọ ngosi ihe ngosi nka. "  Wilson na-eji ihe ndị a nyochaa ihe nnọchianya nke agbụrụ na ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na iji nyochaa ike na ihe ùgwù nke ụlọ ọrụ omenala. 

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, maka ntinye ya na Venice Biennale 2003 ọ were onye njem nlegharị anya mee ka ọ bụrụ onye na-ere ahịa n'okporo ámá Africa na-ere akpa ndị na-emepụta ihe adịgboroja - n'ezie atụmatụ nke ya. O webakwara " blackamoors ", ihe ọkpụkpụ nke ndị ojii na-arụ ọrụ ndị ohu, n'ime ihe ngosi ahụ.  A na-ejikarị ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị dị otú ahụ eme ihe dị ka ihe ndabere maka ọkụ. Wilson debere blackamoors osisi ya na-ebu ọwa acetylene na ihe mgbanyụ ọkụ. O kwuru na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị dị otú ahụ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na Venice nke na mmadụ ole na ole na-ahụ ha, na-ekwu, sị, "ha nọ n'ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ n'ebe nile na Venice ... nke dị mma, n'ihi na na mberede ị na-ahụ ha ebe niile. Achọrọ m ka ọ pụta ìhè. ụwa a dum nke ụdị gbawara m.” 

## Ihe ngosi
Wilson ewepụtala ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ihe ngosi na ihe ngosi na United States na mba ụwa. Ihe ngosi solo ya a ma ama gụnyere *Primitivism: High & Low* (1991), Metro Pictures Gallery, New York;  *Ngwuputa ihe ngosi nka* (1992-1993), Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore, na Contemporary Museum Baltimore ;  *Fred Wilson: Ihe na nrụnye 1979-2000* (2001-2003), sitere na Center for Art, Design and Visual Culture, Baltimore;  *Kwuo M ka m bụ* (2003), pavilion America, 50th Venice Biennale ;  na *Fred Wilson: Ọrụ 2004-2011* (2012-2013), Cleveland Museum of Art 

Ọ sonyekwala n'ọtụtụ ihe ngosi otu, gụnyere Whitney Biennial (1993);  Liverpool Biennial (1999);  Glasstress (2009, 2011);  na NGV Triennial (2020). 

## Ọrụ ndị a ma ama na mkpokọta ọha
 

## Ntụaka
siri kpụzie nkọwa nke eziokwu akụkọ ihe mere eme, uru nka, na asụsụ ngosi.  Dị ka Wilson si kwuo, "Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka na-eleghara anya ma na-agọnahụ ihe ndị ọzọ pụtara [nke ihe]. Na ahụmahụ m ọ bụ n'ihi na ọ bụrụ na ihe ọzọ pụtara abụghị isiokwu nke ngosi ma ọ bụ ihe ngosi nke ihe ngosi nka, a na-ewere ya na ọ dịghị mkpa site na ụlọ ngosi ihe ngosi nka. "  Wilson na-eji ihe ndị a nyochaa ihe nnọchianya nke agbụrụ na ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ụlọ ihe nkiri Pace
* Akụkọ ndụ, ajụjụ ọnụ, edemede, onyonyo ihe osise na obere vidiyo sitere na usoro PBS ** - Oge 3 (2005).
* Fred Wilson na Minneapolis Institute ma ọ bụ Art, Minneapolis, MN
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations