Clarence Major

thumb|Eserese onwe nke Clarence Major
**Clarence** Major (amụrụ na Disemba 31, 1936) bụ ónyé America na-ede uri, ónyé na-ese ihe, na ónyé na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ; ónyé mmeri nke 2015 "Lifetime Achievement Award in the Fine Arts", nke Congressional Black Caucus Foundation gosipụtara. E nyere ya 2016 PEN Oakland/Reginald Lockett Lifetime Achievement Award.

## Akụkọ ndụ
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A mụrụ Clarence Major na Disemba 31, 1936, na Atlanta, Georgia, ma too na Chicago, Illinois. Dị ka ónyé nọ n'afọ iri na ụma, ọ malitere ise ihe na ise ihe, na-ede uri na akụkọ ifo.

Na mbido afọ iri abụọ ya, ọ malitere ibipụta magazin nke ya, Coercion Review, nke gosipụtara ndị na-ede uri na ndị édémédé dịka Henry Miller, Kenneth Patchen na Lawrence Ferlinghetti. Dị ka ónyé nọ n'afọ iri na ụma, nnukwu ihe ngosi Van Gogh nke ihe osise na eserese na Art Institute nke Chicago, February 1 ̊ Eprel 16, 1950, metụtara Major.

Mgbè ọ nọsịrị na Air Force, ọ hapụrụ Midwest wee kwaga New York City na Disemba 1966. E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, All Night Visitors, na 1969 na nchịkọta uri mbụ ya, Swallow the Lake, n'afọ sochirinụ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ nwa ógè dị ka ónyé nyocha nyocha màkà Simulmatics, n'okpuru nduzi nke ónyé na-ahụ màkà mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya Dr. Sol Chaneles. Major nyochara akụkọ akụkọ banyere ọgba aghara nke afọ 1960. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ n'ọhịa na ọgba aghara, na Detroit na Milwaukee, tupu ọ gbanwee, na 1967, na nkụzi.

Mbụ, ọ kụziri na Harlem na New Lincoln School, na mmemme oge okpomọkụ. O mechara kụzie ọmụmụ akwụkwọ America nke ógè a na ogbako édémédé na mahadum. Ihe ngosi mbụ ya nke ihe osise bụ na Sarah Lawrence College na ọbá akwụkwọ na mbido afọ 1970. Ya na John A. Williams, na 1968, ọ kụziri màkà ógè na Girard College na Philadelphia.

N'oge a, Major na-enyekwa ọgụgụ ọha nke uri ya. *Ọ* rụrụ ọrụ na ndị nchịkọta akụkọ nke ọtụtụ *akwụkwọ akụkọ* (dị ka Caw! na The Journal of Black Poetry) ma dee kọlụm ógè niile màkà American Poetry Review. Ọ bụ ónyé nchịkọta akụkọ mbụ nke American Book Review. Ọ gụrụ uri ya na Guggenheim Museum, Folger Theatre na mahadum, ụlọ ihe nkírí na ebe ọdịnala.

## Nkwado
Major meriri National Council on the Arts Award màkà nchịkọta uri ya Swallow the Lake na 1970, na afọ sochirinụ e nyèrè ya onyinye New York Cultural Foundation màkà uri. Reflexe et Ossature (1982), nsụgharị French nke Reflex and Bone Structure (1975), a họpụtara ya maka Prix Maurice Coindreau (1982). Such Was The Season (1987) bụ nhọrọ nke otu akwụkwọ Literary Guild na 1988. N'otu afọ ahụ, *The New York Times Book Review* tụrụ aro ya na ndepụta "Summer Reading" ya kwa afọ. Painted *Turtle*: Woman With Guitar (1988) ka *The New York Times Book Review* depụtara dị ka "Akwụkwọ A Ma Ama nke Afọ" 1988. N'afọ 1990, a họpụtara nchịkọta akụkọ ya dị mkpirikpi, Fun & Games, màkà Los Angeles Book Critics Award.

Major meriri ọla nchara dị ka ónyé ikpeazụ màkà National Book Award na 1999 màkà Configurations: New and Selected Poems 1958 1958 1958 (Copper Canyon Press). O meriri Pushcart Prize màkà akụkọ mkpirikpi "My Mother and Mitch", n'afọ 1989. N'afọ 2002, o ritere ihe nrite Stephen Henderson Poetry Award for Outstanding Achievement, nke African American Literature and Culture Society nyere. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya nke 1986 My Amputations meriri Western States Book Award ma bipụtaghachi ya na 2008 na mmeghe nke Lawrence Hogue. *Dirty Bird Blues* meriri Sister Circle Book Award na 1999.

E nyere Major ihe Nríte International Literary Hall of Fame (Chicago State University) n'afọ 2001. Ọ natara "2015 Lifetime Achievement Award in the Fine Arts" site na Congressional Black Caucus Foundation. E nyere ya onyinye PEN Oakland/Reginald Lockett Lifetime Achievement Award nke iri abụọ na isii kwa afọ na Disemba 3, 2016. Na Jenụwarị 2017, a họpụtara From Now On: New and Selected Poems maka 2017 Northern California Book Award nkè The Northern California Independent Booksellers Association kwadoro.

N'afọ 2021, a nabatara Major n'ime Ụlọ Nzukọ Ndị edemede Georgia.

* Grant, Struga Yugoslavia International Poetry Festival-U.S. State Department Educational & Cultural Exchange Program, 1975.
* Grant, Fulbright-Hays Inter-University Exchange Award: Franco-American Commission for Educational Exchange, France, 1981-1983
* Grant, United Kingdom Educational Commission, London, England, 1981.
* Grant, International Communication Agency, American Embassy, London, England, 1982.
* Grant, Commission for Education and Cultural Exchange Between Italy and the U.S. of America, Rome, Italy, 1982.
* Grant, Africa Regional Services, United States International Communication Agency, Paris, France, 1982.
* Grant, IREX (Poland omenala njem) 1984.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]

### Ihe ngosi

* Sarah Lawrence College Library, Spring 1974
* Ụlọ Akụ̀ Mba Mbụ, Boulder, Jenụwarị 3 na 17, 1986
* Kresge Art Museum East Lansing Michigan, September 4 October 28, 2001
* Schacknow Museum of Fine Art Plantation Florida, Eprel na Mee 2003
* Mgbawa Isi Ụlọ ngosi ihe nkiri Sacramento CA, Eprel 2003, Ọgọst 2004, Julaị 2006
* Hamilton Club Gallery Paterson New Jersey, Nọvemba 4 Febụwarị 28, 2007
* John Natsoulas Gallery, May 9, 1992, June 2002, July 1993
* Porter-Troupe Gallery San Diego CA, Eprel 2001
* Blue Hills Gallery Winters CA, Eprel na June 2005
* The Phoenix Gallery Sacramento, March 2006, July 2006
* California Historical Society Museum San Francisco, December 11, 2004 Asia April 16, 2005
* Pierre Menard Gallery, Harvard Square, Cambridge MA, August 6 September 3, 2010
* University Gallery Indiana State University Terre Haute, February 2011

### Agụmakwụkwọ
Major agaala ma ọ bụ nata nzere site na ụlọ ọrụ ndị a:

* The Art Institute of Chicago (James Nelson Raymond ọkà mmụta), 1952 Xia54
* Gus Nall Studio, Private Art Lessons, 1950-1954
* The New School for Social Research (naanị French), 1971.
* Norwalk Community College, Norwalk Connecticut, 1972.
* Mahadum Howard, Washington D.C., 1974-1975
* State University of New York, Albany, BS 1976.
* Union Institute na Mahadum, Yellow Springs na Cincinnati, Ohio, Ph.D. 1978.

## Edensibia

### Akụkọ ndụ, nkatọ, na ozi ọkachamara banyere Clarence Major

* Byerman, Keith E., The Art and Life of Clarence Major, University of Georgia Press, 2012,  
* Bell, Bernard W. (ed.), *Clarence Major na nka ya*: Portraits of an African-American Postmodernist, 2001,  
* Bunge, Nancy (ed.), *Mkparịta ụka* na Clarence Major, University Press of Mississippi, 2002,  
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* Contemporary Authors Mpịakọta 337, 2013;  ; e degharịrị ma gbasaa edemede akụkọ ndụ onwe onye, peeji nke 270 Xia312
* *Ndị edemede nke oge a* Mpịakọta 21
* *Ndị edemede nke oge a* Autobiographical Series Mpịakọta 6
* Contemporary Authors New Revision Series, Mpịakọta 13, 25, 53, 82
* Contemporary Literary Criticism, Mpịakọta nke 3, 19, 48
* *Ndị na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ* nke oge a (St. James Press/ Gale), 4, 5, 6, 7
* Contemporary Poets (St. James Press/ Gale) mbipụta 5
* *Ndị edemede ihe omimi na ihe na-akpali akpali* (Charles Scribner's Sons/ Gale)
* *Ndị edemede ojii* 2, 3
* Black Literature Criticism, mbipụta 1:2
* Benet's Reader's Encyclopedia of American Literature, mbipụta mbụ, HarperCollins (1991)
* Being and Race nke Charles Johnson (Indiana University Press) 1990,  
* Black Male Fiction na Legacy of Caliban nke James W. Coleman (Mahadum Kentucky Press, 2001)
* *Ndị edemede Black American* gara aga na ugbu a (1975)
* Black Imagination na The Middle Passage nke Maria Diedrich na ndị ọzọ dezigharịrị, Oxford,  
* *Ndị edemede na ndị na-ese ihe* (1974)
* *Ndị edemede Africa-America nke oge a* (Greenwood, 1999)
* *Akụkọ ndụ ndị isi ojii nke oge a* (Gale, 1995)
* Clark, Keith, Contemporary Black Men's Fiction and Drama (Indiana) 2001,  
* *Cyclopedia nke ndị edemede ụwa*. Mbipụta nke atọ, Mpịakọta nke 5 (Salem Press, 1997)
* Mackey, Nathanial, Nkwekọrịta na-ekwenyeghị ekwenye: esemokwu, ọdịbendị dị iche iche, na edemede nnwale (Cambridge)
* Dictionary of Literary Biography Mpịakọta 33 (Gale, 1984)
* African American National Biography (2012)
* Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience, mbipụta nke abụọ
* A Directory of American Poets (na-aga n'ihu)
* Fabre, Michel, na John A. Williams, A Street Guide to African-Americans in Paris (Afram, 1996)
* *Ndepụta nke ndị ọkà mmụta America* (1982, 1999, 2002)
* *Encyclopedia* of American Literature (1999)
* *Encyclopedia of World Literature* in the 20th Century (Mbipụta nke atọ St. James Press, 1999)
* Finkenstaedt, Rose L. H., Face to Face (Morrow)
* Fabre, Michel, *Site na Harlem* ruo Paris (Mahadum nke Illinois Press, 1991)
* Byerman, Keith, Fingering the Jagged Grain (Mahadum nke Georgia Press)
* Na Black na White: A Guide to Magazine Articles, Newspaper Articles, na akwụkwọ wdg. (Mbipụta nke atọ 1980)
* The International Who's Who (na-aga n'ihu)
* Brennan, Jonathan, Mgbe Brer Rabbit zutere Coyote: African-Native American Literature (University of Illinois Press, 2003),  
* *Ònye bụ Ònye nọ n'ụwa* 29th mbipụta 2012
* *Ònye bụ Ònye na America* (na-aga n'ihu)
* *Ònye bụ Ònye n'etiti ndị Africa America* (na-aga n'ihu)
* *Ònye bụ Ònye n'etiti ndị isi ojii America* (na-aga n'ihu)
* Ònye bụ Ònye na U.S. (1988)
* *Ònye bụ Ònye na Mgbasa Ozi na Nkwurịta* Okwu (1997)
* *Ònye bụ Ònye nọ n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ* (Marquis / na-aga n'ihu)
* *Ònye bụ Ònye* na ndị edemede, ndị nchịkọta akụkọ na ndị na-ede uri (1992)
* *Ònye bụ Ònye na Ntụrụndụ*
* International Who's Who in Poetry (na-aga n'ihu)
* People Weekly February 7, 1994, Mpịakọta 41, Ọnụ Ọgụgụ 5
* Ebe Ndị Dị n'Otu, Ebe Ndị Dị Nri
* *Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Larousse nke ndị edemede*
* The *Lincoln Library of Language Arts* (Frontier Press, 1978)
* Salzman, Jack, *Ndị* Ukwu na American Fiction (A Henry Holt Reference Book, 1994),  
* Magill, Frank N., Masterpieces of African-American Literature (HarperCollins)
* Modern American Literature (Mbipụta nke ise 1999)
* Murry, Rolland, Our Living Manhood (Penn)
* The Negro Almanac (na-aga n'ihu)
* Bell, Bernard, The Afro-American Novel na ọdịnala ya (U Mass)
* Bell, Bernard, The Contemporary African American Novel (U Mass)
* King, L., na L. F. Selzer (ed), New Essays on The African American Novel (2008)
* Cornis-Pope, Marcel, Narrative Innovation na Cultural Rewriting na Oge Agha Nzuzo na mgbe ọ gasịrị
* The Oxford Companion to African American Literature (Oxford University Press, 1997)
* *The Concise Oxford Companion na African American Literature*
* The Oxford Companion to Twentieth-Century Literature in English (Oxford University Press, 1996)
* Valade, R. M., The Essential Black Literature Guide (Visible Ink)
* The Schomburg Center Guide to Black Literature (Gale, 1996)
* Ndị edemede Black American, African, na Caribbean ahọpụtara (1985)
* *Ndị edemede Black American ahọpụtara* (1977)
* *O yiri igbu ọchụ site n'aka Adam Gussow* (University of Chicago Press)
* Southern Black Creative Writers 18291953 (Greenwood Press, 1988)
* McCaffery, Larry, Some Other Frequency (University of Pennsylvania Press)
* The Writers Directory (na-aga n'ihu)
* *Akwụkwọ Encyclopedia nke Onye Na-ede uri*
* *Akwụkwọ Encyclopedia nke Collier*
* Jimoh, Yemisi, Spiritual, Blues, na Jazz Ndị na akụkọ ifo ndị Afrịka na America (Mahadum nke Tenn Press)
* Klinkowitz, Jerome, The Practice of Fiction in America
* Klinkowitz, Jerome, na Roy Behrens, The Life of Fiction (University of Illinois Press)
* JKlinkowtz, Jerome, Literary Disruptions (University of Illinois Press)
* Klinkowitz, Jerome, Keeping Literary Company (SUNY)
* Hathaway, Heather, Josef Jarab, na Jeffrey Melnick, Race and the Modern Artist (Oxford University Press, 2003)
* Smith, M. W., *Ịgụ Simulacra*
* Soitoes, Stephens F., The Blues Detective: A Study of African-American Detective Fiction
* Platt, Len, na Lee Upstone, Postmodern Literature and Race. New York na London: Cambridge University Press,  
* Reed, Anthony, Freedom Time: The Poetics and Politics of Black Experimental Writing (Callaloo African Diaspora Series),  
* Mullen, Harryette, na Hank Lazer, Cracks Between What We Are and What We Are Supposed to Be: Essays and Interviews,  , August 6, 2012
* Newton, Keith, The Columbia Granger Index to Collected Works. New York na London: Columbia,  
* Smetherst, James, The Black Arts Movement: Literary Nationalism na 1960s na 1970s, ASIN 
* Levine, Caroline, Ụdị: Ihe niile, Rhythm, Hierarchy.*..* Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015,  

## Njikọ mpụga

* Profile from the Academy of American Poets
* Works by or about Clarence Major in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
* Official website
* Artist websites page
* Clarence Major archives in the Givens Collection, Anderson Library, University of Minnesota

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations