open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Mwakpo Tay-Bush Inn

Mwakpo Tay-Bush Inn bụ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii wakporo n'otu ụlọ oriri na six nile, otu ọnụ ụlọ dị na San Francisco, California n'ihe dị ka elekere mbụ nke ụtụtụ na September 14, 1961. N'ebe ahụ 103  ndị LGBT (akarịsịa ndị nwoke nwere ozi nwoke) ka jidere.  A na-ewere ya dị ka ihe omume dị mkpa na ihe mere eme nke ikike LGBT na San Francisco .  [1] [2] Ọ bụ ihe kacha ibu n'otu ụlọ ọrụ ndị mmekọ nwoke na nwoke n'obodo a, wee mgbasa mgbasa ozi kacha.  [2] A ndị iro a nwụchiri n'ịmụ akwụkwọ dịka ndị nwoke na-acha ọcha na ndị isi. 

Mwakpo Tay-Bush Inn sochiri nchekwa 1965 New Years Ball na California Hall (onye na-akwado maka Council on Religion and the Homosexual, na ndị otu mmekọ nwoke na onye ndị ọzọ), nke ndị na ndị uwe ojii na ikpe na-esote  maka ikike nwoke nwere nwoke.  [1] [2] A na-akpọ saịtị nke Tay-Bush Inn ugbu a La Galleria Condominiums (na 900 Bush Street), ụlọ ndị 14 nwere nsogbu 152.

## Hụkwa

* Gayola
* Mwakpo nke Hazel Inn

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Himarimã

**Himarimã** ma ọ bụ **Hi-Merimã** bụ ụmụ amaala Brazil . Ha bụ ndị na-abụghị ọha mmadụ na-akpakọrịtaghị, ma bi n'akụkụ osimiri Pinhuã, n'etiti osimiri Juruá na Purus, na steeti Amazonas . 

Ọnụ ọgụgụ ha ejighị n'aka, ma na 1943, e mere atụmatụ na Hi-Merimã nwere ihe karịrị 1,000 mmadụ.  A maara ha n'ụzọ bụ isi site na esemokwu ha na ebo ndị gbara agbata obi.  A na-ewere ha dị ka ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ na ọtụtụ ndị anaghị akpọtụrụ. Ha ezerela mmekọrịta ruo ogologo oge n'etiti ọha mmadụ dị n'èzí, yana ebo obodo ha gbara agbata obi, bụ́ ndị ha na-emegide; otu o sila dị, ha na ndị na-abụghị ụmụ amaala nwere mmekọrịta na-adịte aka ruo afọ 60 gara aga. 

## Asụsụ
Ọ dịghị ihe a maara banyere asụsụ Himarimã . 

## Ihe ndetu
ọtụtụ ndị anaghị akpọtụrụ. Ha ezerela mmekọrịta ruo ogologo oge n'etiti ọha mmadụ
Chitonahua

**Chitonahua** bụ ndị na-asụ Panoan, ndị mmadụ na-enweghị kọntaktị bi na Peruvian Amazon, nke dị na mpaghara Murunahua Territorial Reserve, na Ucayali, Peru .  Ha na-asụ olumba Yaminawa a na-akpọ Chitonawa. 

## Edensibia
Carabayo

**Carabayo** (onye nwere ike na-akpọ onwe ha **Yacumo** ) bụ ndị Colombia na-enweghị kọntaktị bi na ọ dịkarịa ala atọ ogologo ụlọ, nke a maara dị ka *malokas*,  n'akụkụ Rio Puré (nke bụ Río Puré National Park ) dị n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke mba ahụ. Ha bi na ngalaba Amazonas nke oke ọhịa Amazon nke Colombia, na nso ókè ya na Brazil . Ha na ndị Passé na Jumana na-ekerịta ogige ntụrụndụ echedoro. 

N'ime afọ 400 gara aga, ndị Carabayo enweela mmekọrịta na-adịte aka na ndị si mba ọzọ, gụnyere mwakpo ime ihe ike nke ndị ahịa ohu na ndị na-ewepụta rọba, na-eme ka ha laghachi azụ site n'òtù ndị ọzọ ma nwekwuo ikewapụ. 

## Aha
A na-akpọkwa Carabayo dị ka ndị Aroje ma ọ bụ ndị Yuri.  A maara ha dị ka *Aroje* nye ndị Bora . *Maku* na *Macusa* bụ okwu Arawak na-agba agba nke etinyere n'ọtụtụ asụsụ obodo, ọ bụghịkwa Carabayo akọwapụtara.&#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Asụsụ
 
Asụsụ Carabayo dị ka onye otu ezinụlọ Tikuna–Yuri . 

## Nchedo iwu
Na Disemba 2011, Onye isi ala Juan Manuel Santos bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ iwu #4633, nke na-ekwe nkwa ndị mmadụ na-akpakọrịtaghị dị ka Carabayo ikike nke ikewapụ onwe ha, ókèala ọdịnala ha, na nkwụghachi ma ọ bụrụ na ha chere ime ihe ike sitere n'aka ndị si mba ọzọ. 

## Ihe ndetu
n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke mba ahụ. Ha bi na ngalaba Amazonas nke oke ọhịa
Ebe mgbaba ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi

Onye isi obodo Vancouver Gregor Robertson mara ọkwa ụlọ nchekwa dị ala na-achọ ebe obibi na Disemba 9, 2008 iji nyere ụmụ amaala na- mama ebe obibi Vancouver aka n'oge oyi dị oke oyi.  mgbaàmà nke British Columbia, Obodo Vancouver na Streetohome Foundation nke ọ gbalanyere ego nke $500,000 n'oge ahụ.  Ndị otu ọrụ na-achọ ebe obibi tụụrụ ime ha

* 1435 Granville Street, nke RainCity Housing na-arụ ya
* 1442 Howe Street, nke RainCity Housing na-arụ ya
* 51B Cordova Street, nke Portland Hotel Society na-arụ ya
* 240 Northern Street, nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Enyi na Aboriginal Vancouver na-arụ
* 320 Hastings Street, nke First United Church of Canada na-arụ ya

Na Maachị 2009 ógbè British Columbia nyere $1.5 nde ọzọ iji mee ka ebe nchekwa ahụ ghe oghe ruo na njedebe nke June. 

Ebe nchekwa ndị dị na 1435 Granville Street na 1442 Howe Street bụ isi.  Ndị bi n'ime obodo kwuru na ọ na-enwe mmeri maka ndị ọchịchị, ogbo, mmamịrị nsogbu, ịsa ahụ, iro nsogbu, na iji ọgwụ eme ihe.  [1] [2] Mịnịsta na- maka ụlọ obibi nke British Columbia Rich Coleman zoro aka na mkpa ọ dị pụta iwu nke ọrụ yana mkpa maka obodo ka mma.  [1] Ọ gosiri Mayor Robertson na ndị na-ahụ ebe obibi "amateurish" [3] ma ike ike mgbaghara maka ahụ.  Onye isi obodo Robertson ruru ya na Minista Housing Rich Coleman wee bịa na nri otu imechi ebe nchekwa Granville Street ma tụleghachi ebe nchekwa Howe Street 

Na June 29, 2009 mpaghara British Columbia mara ọkwa na ego maka ebe nchekwa 1435 Granville Street kwụsịrị nakwa na ebe nchekwa ahụ ga-emechi na Julaị 1, 2009 nakwa na a ga-etinye ebe obibi 1442 Howe Street n'ime usoro nyocha obodo ụbọchị 30. chọpụta ọdịnihu ya. 

Na Julaị 30, 2009 mpaghara British Columbia kwupụtara ebe nchekwa 1442 Howe Street ga-emechi na Ọgọst 7, 2009. Ọ kwụsịrị n'isi August 5, 2009, ụbọchị abụọ tupu oge a kara aka, dịka a chọtara ụlọ ọzọ. 

Na Sept 15, 2009, ndị ọrụ obodo Vancouver nyere onye sere onye isi obodo Robertson na Council Vancouver aka na ntĩ na ha shaykwa atụ anya na a ga-akwado ụlọ nchekwa HEAT mgbe afọ fufu ego 2009-2010 

Na Jenụwarị 5, 2010, Mayor Robertson mara ọkwa na ebe nchekwa  na-ese okwu na 1435 Granville Street, na mpaghara ebe ndị mmadụ na-enwekarị,  ga-emepe ọzọ n'echi ya na-enweghị ndụmọdụ agbata obi siri ike.  Emebere ya ka ọ mechie Eprel 30, 2010.  Obodo na-eme atụmatụ imeghe ụlọ ihe dịka izu abụọ ka emepegharịrị ebe nchekwa ahụ. 

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Ndị na-agba ụta

**Flecheiros** bụ otu n'ime ndị mmadụ na-enweghị njikọ na mpaghara Javari nke Amazon. Aha ha na-edochaghị anya pụtara naanị "ndị na-agba ụta".

## Asụsụ
 
N'ihe gbasara agbụrụ mmadụ, ndị mmadụ yiri ndị Kanamarí . Otú ọ dị, a hụrụ nzukọ n’etiti otu Kanamarí na ndị Flecheiros, na-egosi na ha abụọ nwere asụsụ dị iche iche. Ya mere, amaghi asụsụ ha, ya mere enweghị nkọwa. 

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
N’ọnwa Septemba afọ 2017, gọọmenti Brazil nyochara ogbugbu e gburu n’August nke ihe dị ka ndị otu 10 na-achịkọta àkwá n’akụkụ osimiri mgbe ndị na-egwupụta ọla edo gburu ha. Ndị na-egwuputa ihe na-etu ọnụ na ha "na-egbutu ozu ma tụba ha n'ime osimiri."  

## Na omenala ewu ewu
Flecheiros bụ isiokwu nke akwụkwọ a na-akpọ *The Unconquered: In Search of the Amazon's Last Uncontacted Tribes*, nke Scott Wallace dere . Mbipụta 2011 National Geographic na-akọwa njem ụbọchị 76 na 2002, nke onye ndọrọndọrọ ama ama ama ama Sydney Possuelo duziri, onye nwara ịchọta ọnọdụ Flecheiros na Vale do Javari Indigenous Land . 

## Edensibia
e gburu n’August nke ihe dị ka ndị otu 10 na-achịkọta
Hodi

**Hodï** ma ọ bụ **Jotï** (nke sitere na okwu Hodï maka "ndị mmadụ") bụ obere ìgwè ụmụ amaala bi n'oké ọhịa Amazon dị na Venezuela . Ọnụọgụ ikpeazụ emere na Venezuela, na 2011, debara aha mmadụ 982 na-akọwapụta Hodï; Atụmatụ 2016 mere ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na gburugburu 1200.  Ha na-asụ asụsụ Hodï ma nwee mmekọrịta chiri anya na ndị Piaroa, ọ bụ ezie na njikọ asụsụ dị n'etiti ndị mmadụ abụọ ahụ enwetabeghị nkwenye n'etiti ndị ọkà mmụta.  A na-akpọkwa ha site n'ọtụtụ exonyms dị ka Hoti, Chicano, Shikana, Yuana, Waruwarú, ma ọ bụ Rua. 

Ndị Hodï bụ otu n'ime ụmụ amaala ikpeazụ ka ha na ndị na-abụghị ụmụ amaala bi na Venezuela kpọtụrụ. Ọnụnọ ha na mpaghara Sierra de Maigualida, n'etiti steeti Amazonas na Bolívar, bụ ndị isi mmalite Europe gbara akaebe na 1913 site na akụkọ sitere n'aka ndị Ye'kuana, bụ ndị na-akpọ Hodï dị ka *Waruwadu* .  

Ndị Hodï bụ ndị na-achụ nta anụ bụ́ ndị na-agbaso ụkpụrụ ndị njem oge. Ndị ozi ala ọzọ bụ́ San José de Kayamá (nke ndị ozi ala ọzọ Katọlik hiwere) na Caño Iguana (nke ndị ozi ala ọzọ na-ekwusa hiwere) hiwere ógbè abụọ kasị ukwuu nke Hodï bi. Ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ọkụkụ ndị bụ isi na ọrụ ugbo Hodï bụ plantain, ọka, akpu, ji na nduku ụtọ, na ndị ọzọ. N'ozuzu, Hodï na-eto ihe karịrị ụdị osisi 67, nke a na-eji 36 maka nri, 20 maka ememe omenala ma ọ bụ ọgwụ, na 11 maka ịrụ ọrụ. 

## Edensibia
Hodï; Atụmatụ 2016 mere ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na gburugburu 1200.  Ha na-asụ asụsụ

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ
Media related to Hoti people at Wikimedia Commons

* 
*  
*
Ihe Ncheta Ndị Na-enweghị Ebe Obibi nke Toronto

thumb
Ihe ngwọta nke akara ebe obibi Toronto bụ ihe ndị na-enye ndị nwụrụ mgbe ha bi n'okporo ụzọ amá, ma ọ bụ n'ebe obibi na-onye ebe obibi, na Toronto, Canada.  Ihe ahụ ahụ asị aha ndị nwụrụ anwụ, a na-emelitekwa ya kwa ọnwa.

## Ncheta
thumb| Holy Trinity Church
Ememe Khalid a dị na obere ọkpa nke Atọ n'Ime Otu [1] ma ndị ọrụ ụka na ndị otu obodo na-elekọta ya.  [2] egwuregwu nke Disemba 2021, ọ ihe dị ka aha 1,200 [3] nke ndị nwụrụ ka ha bi n'ahụ akara ebe obibi ma ọ bụ n'okporo ụzọ Toronto. 

A na-agbakwụnye aha ndị nwụrụ anwụ na Tuzdee nke abụọ n'ọnwa ọ bụla. 

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Ụlọ akwụkwọ na 1997 site na Bonnie Briggs, onye na-akwado ụlọ

Ndepụta aha ndị dị na ncheta ahụ ruru 1,000 n'afọ 2020. 

.Na Disemba 2021, ndị na-hazi ihe gbakwunyere aha 34 na broshuọ ahụ, nke izi elu ozi ikwu;  aha egwu John Doe na Jane Doe ebe a na-egwu aha ụfọdụ ndị nwụrụ anwụ 

## Hụkwa

* Enweghị ebe obibi na Canada
* Ụlọ dị ọnụ ala na Canada

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Mick Namarari Tjapaltjarri

**Mick Namarari Tjapaltjarri** (bc1926 na Marnpi ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Kintore, Northern Territory - 1998), bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe kacha mkpa pụtara na Ọzara Ọdịda Anyanwụ .

Site na otu asụsụ Pintupi, Mick Namarari bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe ntọala nke mmegharị ahụ pụtara na Papunya Tula . Onye nkuzi ụlọ akwụkwọ White Geoffrey Bardon lere ya anya dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe asatọ bụ ndị mbọ ha na ntọala nke mmegharị ahụ na-atọ ụtọ. Ndị ọzọ bụ Old Walter Tjampitjinpa, Kaapa Tjampitjinpa, Clifford Possum Tjapaltjarri, Tim Leura Tjapaltjarri, Tim Payungka Tjapangati, Charlie Tarawa Tjungurrayi na Johnny Warrangkula Tjupurrula . [1]

Site n'ọrụ ihe atụ nke mbụ, ọ gara n'ihu na-emepụta nnukwu eserese geometric nke gosipụtara nka Papunya Tula na njedebe 1970s na mmalite 1980s. N'afọ 1990, ọ malitere imepụta eserese "minimalist" nke na-egosi akara nke kangaroo n'ime ájá, mkpụrụ nke òké marsupial na-eri nri, ma ọ bụ ihe na-esi n'oké mmiri ozuzo na ọzara pụta.

Ọ nwụrụ na Alice Springs na 1998.

## Nchịkọta

* National Gallery nke Australia, Canberra
* National Gallery nke Victoria, Melbourne
* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka na ihe ngosi nka nke Northern Territory, Darwin
* Kluge-Ruhe mkpokọta nka ndị Aboriginal, Mahadum Virginia, Charlottesville

## Ihe nrite

### Ọstrelia Council maka nka
Kansụl Australia maka nka nka ego na otu ndụmọdụ maka Gọọmenti Australia. Kemgbe 1993, o nyela onyinye nturu ugo Red Ocher . A na-egosi ya onye ama ama ama ama ama ama Australia (Australia Australia ma ọ bụ Torres Strait Islander) maka mmezu ndụ ya niile.
 

## Edensibia
minimalist" nke na-egosi akara nke kangaroo n'ime ájá, mkpụrụ nke òké marsupial na-eri nri,

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ

* 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Mick Namarari Tjapaltjarri na Art Gallery nke New South Wales
Ọrụ Akpụkpọ ụkwụ maka Ebe Obibi

The Shoebox Project for Shelters (French: Opération boîte à chaussures pour refs) bụ ọrụ ebere ndị Canada edebanyere aha na Toronto, Ontario .  [1] Nrọ na-akwado ya na mba.  [2] Ọ na-anakọta ma na-ekesa igbe akpụkpọ ụkwụ na ndị na-enye nri afụ nwere ihe dị mkpa na obere ihe okomoko maka ụmụ mmadụ ndị na-eche ebe obibi ma ọ bụ ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ.  nke nri ebe obibi na obodo n'ofe Canada na United States.  [3] Ụbọchị ya bụ ichetara "ụmụ na-enwe mmetụta ebe obibi ... na ha iche, mara mma, na ndị iche ruru maka ezumike obi ụtọ."  [4] Ọ na-eje ozi iji mee ka ụmụ bi na ma ọ bụ na-abanye n' ezumike na ebe a na-ezipụ ozi mara na obodo ha na-eche ha ma jiri ha hụ ihe.  [5] Onye isi unit a bụ Lesley Hendry, onye bụbu onye na-elekọta mmadụ, na Toronto, Ontario na Ottawa, Ontario.

The Shoebox Project na-arụ ọrụ n'akụkụ 35 n'ofe US na Canada ndị na San Francisco, [1] New York City, [2] Vancouver, [3] Montreal, [4] na Ottawa .  [5] ụdị ala mpaghara na-arụ ọrụ n'ụdị ezumike dị iche iche iche ụmụ anụmanụ mba ụwa, [6] mmetụta Nne, [1] na ekeresimesi  

Na 2011, Shoebox Project kesara ihe nke igbe igbe akpụkpọ ụkwụ 400 na ebe nchekwa ụmụaka nọ Toronto anọ.  [1] Nke a mụbara na-ebuga ihe ihe nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 25,000 Shoeboxes na obodo 135 gafe Canada na US na 2015.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
The Shoebox Project for Shelters ntọala na saịtị 2011 Caroline Mulroney Lapham, Jessica Mulroney, Katy Mulroney, na Vanessa Mulroney.  [1] [2] Echiche maka ọrụ ebere ahụ sitere na mbọ nne Jessica gbarakọta onyinye maka ebe nchekwa na Montreal.  [1] Ndị egwuregwu ahụ ahụ ime otu ụzọ ahụ iji rite uru na ebe nchekwa ihe Red Door dị na Toronto.  [1] Ihe omume ọsọ mbụ ha bụ 156 Shoeboxes, ma ha ezinụlọ nke a ma nakọta 400 Shoeboxes nke ekesara na 4 ebe nchekwa n'oge ezumike. . 

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Official website
* The Shoebox Project at Corporations Canada
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Shorty Lungkata Tjungurayyi

**Shorty Lungkata Tjungurrayyi**, c. 1920 - 1987 bụ nwoke Pintupi amụrụ na Walukuritji,  ndịda Ọdọ Macdonald, a makwaara ya nke ọma dị ka onye na-ese ihe, yana onye otu dị mkpa na Papunya Tula Artists. 

Ịgbaso ịkwaga na Papunya Tjungurayyi ghọrọ onye ngangkari na dọkịta ọdịnala. 

Tjungurayyi mbụ mere kọntaktị na Papunya Tula Artists na February 1972  na, dị ka akụkụ nke a ije, ọ nwalere a dịgasị iche iche nke styles si mfe ihe atụ oyiyi na budata ọzọ mgbagwoju ọrụ; ihe osise ndị a zoro aka na akara ngosi Ọzara Ọdịda Anyanwụ nke ejiri mee ihe osise ahụ maka emume na ihe osise ala. 

Tjungurayyi bụ onye omenkà a ma ama na ngagharị nka Western Desert . 

## Edensibia
nwalere a dịgasị iche iche nke styles si mfe ihe atụ oyiyi na budata ọzọ mgbagwoju ọrụ
Freddy West Tjakamarra

**Freddy West Tjakamarra** (nke bụbu **Tjukurti Tjakamarra** ; amuru na gburugburu 1932 – nwụrụ 1994) bu onye omenkà Aboriginal Australia. Ọ bụ onye ndu ndị Pintupi n'oge nlọghachi ha n'ala ọdịnala na 1980s. Ọ bụ otu n'ime  ntọala Kiwirrkurra na 1983. Dị ka onye na-ese ihe, West bụ akụkụ nke mmegharị Ọzara Ọdịda Anyanwụ, ma bụrụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ na-ese ihe na ụlọ akwụkwọ Papunya Tula .

## Ndụ mbido
A mụrụ Freddy West na Great Sandy Desert oge ụfọdụ na mmalite 1930s. A mụrụ ya na Pollock Hills, nke dị n'ebe ugwu ebe Kiwirrkura dị taa,  wee bie ndụ mgbọgharị, dinta-na-ekpo ọkụ maka ọkara mbụ nke ndụ ya. Ya na ezinụlọ ya na-anọkarị n'akụkụ ụsọ ọdịda anyanwụ nke Ọdọ Mackay .  Ha na ìgwè ọzọ na-agakarị, bụ́ nke otu nwoke aha ya bụ Waku Tjungurray na-edu .  Ezinụlọ ndị a ghọrọ ụfọdụ ndị na-akwagharị ikpeazụ hapụrụ n'ọzara - ọtụtụ ezinụlọ ndị ọzọ ebiela n'ọdụ gọọmentị kemgbe 1950s. Na 1962, West kpebiri na ya ga-aga na-esonyere ndị ikwu ya, bụ ndị bi na Papunya . Nke a bụ ala Luritja, mana ndị Pintupi aghọọla ebe a n'ihi ule ngwa ọgụ a na-eme na Woomera .  Ọ zutere ụfọdụ ndị ọrụ ngalaba na-ahụ maka ọdịmma nke Territory na mpaghara Dovers Hills, ma mee ndokwa ka ha kpọga ya na ezinụlọ ya na Papunya n'ime otu afọ. N'August 1963, West na ezinụlọ ya malitere ije ije na Papunya ma zute ndị ọrụ ọdịmma na ụzọ.  West nwere nwunye abụọ: Parara na Payu, bụ ụmụnne nwanyị nke ìgwè akpụkpọ anụ Napaltjarri.

Na Papunya, West malitere ịse Geoffrey Bardon .  Ọ ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị mbụ so na ụlọ akwụkwọ Papunya Tula,  na onye na-eketa òkè na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.  N'ọgwụgwụ 1970s, West gbasiri ike n'ime obodo Pintupi ka ha hapụ Papunya laghachi na obodo ọdịnala ha na ọdịda anyanwụ.  Ya na Pintupi ndị ọzọ laghachiri n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na 1981 wee guzobe obodo Kintore . O mechara bụrụ onye dị mkpa na nguzobe Kiwirrkurra, na 1983.   O biri n’ebe ahụ ihe ka ukwuu ná ndụ ya nile. Ọ lụrụ nwunye nke atọ na October 1984, Takariya Napaltjarri . Ọ bụ ada Waku Tjungurrayi, ma ọ bụ naanị ya si n'ọzara pụta ụbọchị ole na ole tupu ha lụọ. Ha kewapụrụ n’oge na-adịghị anya, Takariya wee lụọkwa nwaanyị ọzọ.   Ya na ndị nwunye ya abụọ ọzọ, West nwere ụmụ 15.  Ọ nwụrụ na 1994. 

## Ihe osise
West agbachaghị agba ma e jiri ya tụnyere ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe na Papunya. Ọrụ mbụ ya gosipụtara ihe ngosi ngosi nke emume ụmụ nwoke, ma chọọ ya mma nke ukwuu. Ọrụ ya mechara gosi akụkọ sitere na nrọ Pintupi ( *Tingari* ), na-eji ihe okirikiri na ahịrị.  Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Australian Museum na Sydney, National Museum of Australia na Canberra, Art Gallery nke Western Australia na Perth, na Art Gallery nke South Australia na Adelaide. 

## Edensibia
ọkụ maka ọkara mbụ nke ndụ ya. Ya na ezinụlọ ya na-anọkarị n'akụkụ ụsọ ọdịda anyanwụ nke Ọdọ Mackay . Ha na ìgwè ọzọakụkọ sitere na nrọ Pintupi ( Tingari ), na-eji ihe
Yala Gibbs Tjungurrayi

**Yala Yala Gibbs Tjungarrayi** (c. 1928  ma ọ bụ 1924  - 1998) bụ onye na-ese ihe n'asụsụ Ọstrelia na-asụ Pintupi . A mụrụ ya na Iltuturunga, ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke Ọdọ Mmiri Macdonald, na Ọzara Ọdịda Anyanwụ, na nso oke ala Western Australia na Northern Territory .  Na 1963, ya na ezinụlọ ya kwagara Papunya na Northern Territory. Tjungarrayi bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ na-ese ihe osise na Papunya Tula nkwado site na mmalite ya na 1971.  Nwunye ya bụ Ningura Napurrla, onye ọzọ na-ese ihe Papunya Tula .  Ọ bụ onye na-ahụ maka mmemme na saịtị dị nsọ Pintupi . 

## Nchịkọta
A na-eme ọrụ ya n'ụlọ ngosi nka / mkpokọta ndị a:

* MAGNT ( *Kurrkati - Goanna Dreaming* 1972  na *Old Man Dreaming* 1974) 
* NGA ( *Ụmụ nwanyị ise nọ na Kalipinypa Rain Dreaming Country* 1972  na *Wirrpi - N'akụkụ Ọdọ Mmiri Macdonald* 1997) 
* NGV (5 ọrụ, gụnyere *Snake na mmiri na-arọ nrọ*, na *Tingarri na-arọ na Palintja* ) 
* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Queensland ( *ụmụ nwoke Tingari na-agba ọsọ na Marrapinta* 1984) 
* Nchịkọta Kerry Stokes ( *Nrọ Eaglehawk* 1998) 

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Yala Yala Gibbs Tjungurrayi
* Cooee Art profaịlụ: Yala Yala Gibbs Tjungurrayi
* Araluen Art Center: Yala Yala Gibbs Tjungurrayi
* Arts d'Australie: Yala Yala Gibbs Tjungurrayi
Ndị mmekọ ahụike nke Inner City

**Inner City Health Associates** ( **ICHA** ) bụ ọgbakọ nlekọta ahụike obodo kachasị na Canada maka ndị na-enweghị ụlọ ma dabere na Toronto.   

## Nhazi
Na 2014, ndị otu Inner City Health Associates Associates ihe ihe nkiri akwụkwọ, 65, ndị na-akpọ asị 29 na ndị isi mgbaka 32. [1] [2] N'afọ 2014, ICHA nyere ọrụ, akwụkwọ n'ihe ncheta ebe nchekwa.  40, dobe na ebe a na-anọpụ iche, ndị na-eme njem n'okporo ụzọ ámá, na ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ.  [2] N'afọ 2010 ICHA nyere mmadụ 1,700 akụkọ awa 14,400. 

Atụmatụ inshọransị ọhụrụ Ontario na-akwado ọrụ nke ọma. 

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Eme In pụtaraner City Health Associates mgbe mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi sitere n'aka ndị ọhụrụ na ndị ọzụzụ na St Michael's Hospital na Ministry of Health nke Ontario iji kwado nkenke n'ụzọ na-edozi ihe ịma aka dị iche iche nke ibuga akwụkwọ nye ndị ọzọ.  na-ihe ebe obibi.  [1] Mkparịta ụka ahụ rụpụtara na mmalite nke mbụ sitere na ngosi ngosi ọkọlọtọ na Canada.  [1] Ihe ngosi a na 2005 wee webata ya na 2011   

Emebere usoro nlekọta ahụ yana ndị ọrịa, ezinụlọ, na ndị ọzọ metụtara mpaghara.  ICHA na-arụ ọrụ na mmekorita ya na ndị na-enye onyinye na ndị na-eme amụma ahụike na-elekwasị anya na mgbanwe usoro, na-elekwasị anya na ebumnuche obodo na ihe mgbochi ndị ọrịa na ndị ọrụ ahụike chere ihu. 

## Ihe omume
ICHA na-enye nlekọta ahụike mgbochi mgbochi, njikwa nke ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala, mgbagwoju anya na nnukwu ọrịa, yana ọrụ ahụike uche.  ICHA na-emekwa mmemme akọwapụtara nke na-enye ọrụ mgbasa ozi n'okporo ámá dị iche iche, ma na-enyere ndị ọrụ nchekwa aka na njikwa data  

N'oge ọrịa COVID-19, ọ bụ ebe kewapụ iche maka ndị na-eche ebe obibi, [1] [2] n'agbanyeghị n'etiti ndị na-eme ihe na-egbu oge imeghe.  [3] Ebe a na-arụ ọrụ na ihe isi ike n'ihi nhazi ya.  [4] Ebe etiti ahụ nkọwa $490,000 sitere n'aka Healthlọ Ọrụ Ike Ọha nke Canada's Inmmunization Partnership Fund iji kwuo ọgwụ COVID-19 n'etiti ndị na-onye ebe obibi na ebe nchekwa Toronto

## Ihe ịma aka
Ọrụ nke ICHA na-eche ihe mgbochi ihu nke gụnyere esemokwu n'etiti ndị na-ahụ maka ahụike na ndị na-ahụ maka ọrụ na-elekọta mmadụ.  Esemokwu na-akawanye njọ dịka iwu nzuzo ndị ọrịa dị iche iche na-achịkwa otu abụọ ahụ na Ontario. 

## Ndị mmekọ ama ama

* Leslie Shanks 
* Naheed Dosani 

## Hụkwa

* Enweghị ebe obibi na Canada
* Ụlọ ọgbụgba ndụ Toronto
* Ụlọ Seaton
* Canadian Observatory on enweghị ebe obibi
* Njikọ Ontario megide ịda ogbenye

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Ndị Ọrụ Mberede Na-enweghị Ebe Obibi

Onye isi obodo Vancouver Gregor Robertson mara ɔkwa Otu Emergency Emergency Action Team (HEAT) na December 9, 2008 iji nyere ụmụ amaala na-mwe ebe obibi Vancouver aka n'oge oyi dị oke oyi.  [1] [2] O kere ihe mgbaba na-ese okwu 

## Ihe mejupụtara
Onye isi obodo a bụ onye isi obodo Gregor Robertson, ma m na-agụ ndị ọrụ a àmà na ndị nwere oke ụlọ

### Ndị otu ahọpụtara
Ndị otu atọ a họpụtara n'ihu ọha bụ: 

* Onye isi obodo Gregor Robertson (Onyeisi) 
* Kerry Jang, onye ndụmọdụ obodo Vancouver (njikọ ndị otu)
* Raymond Louie, onye ndụmọdụ obodo Vancouver

### Ndị na-abụghị ndị a họpụtara
Ndị a na-ahọpụtaghị bụ: 

* Janice Abbott – Onye isi oche, Atira Women's Resource Society
* Jim Chu - Onye isi, ngalaba ndị uwe ojii Vancouver
* Patricia Daly - Onye isi nlekọta ahụike, ndị nlekọta ahụike na Coastal Vancouver
* David Eby - Onye isi nchịkwa, BC Civil Liberties Association
* Michael Flanigan - Onye isi ọrụ Real Estate Services, Obodo Vancouver
* Judy Graves - Onye nhazi mgbasa ozi, ngalaba ụlọ, Obodo Vancouver
* Cameron Gray, Onye isi nchịkwa, Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ọha na Ọha, Obodo Vancouver
* John MacKay - Strand Development Corporation, onye otu Board nke StreetoHome Foundation
* Shayne Ramsay, onye isi oche, BC Housing
* Patrick Stewart, Onye isi oche, kọmitii nduzi enweghị ebe obibi nke ndị Aborigine

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Naata Nungurrayi

**Naata Nungurrayi** (amụrụ 1932) bụ onye omenkà Aborigine Australia. 

## Ndụ
A mụrụ Nungurrayi na saịtị Kumil, ọdịda anyanwụ nke Pollock Hills [ ceb ] na Western Australia na 1932. O sitere na otu Pintupi  si Kintore, Northern Territory ma bụrụ otu n'ime ndị okenye okenye nke òtù ụmụ nwanyị Kintore.

Naata bụ nwanne George Tjungurrayi na Nancy Nungurrayi, na nwa ya nwoke bụ Kenny Williams Tjampitjinpa bụ ndị niile na-ese ihe.

Otu n'ime eserese ya pụtara na stampụ Australia Post na mbipụta 2003 pụrụ iche nke nka ndị Aborigine. 

Akpọrọ aha Naata Nungurrayi n'etiti ndị omenkà 50 kacha elu n'Australia 

## Ntụaka
. O sitere na otu Pintupi  si Kintore, Northern Territory
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Yalti Napangati

**Yalti Napangati** (amuru na 1970) bu onye omenka Aboriginal Australia. Ọ bụ onye na-ese ụdị nka nka nke Ọzara Ọdịda Anyanwụ, na-esekwa ihe maka ụlọ akwụkwọ Papunya Tula .  Di ya, Warlimpirrnga, bụkwa omenkà ama ama. Ha abụọ bụ ndị òtù Pintupi Nine a ma ama, bụ́ òtù ikpeazụ nke ndị Aborigine na-ebi ụdị ndụ ọdịnala n'Australia.  

A mụrụ Yalti na Great Sandy Desert, oge ụfọdụ gburugburu 1970. Ya na ezinụlọ ya biri dị ka ndị na-akwagharị n'ọzara, na-eme njem n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke Ọdọ Mmiri Mackay .  Ọtụtụ ezinụlọ Pintupi ndị ọzọ kwagara n'ime obodo n'ime afọ 1950, mana nna Yalti gbochiri ezinụlọ ahụ pụọ na ndị a. Nne na nna ya bụ Lanti (ma ọ bụ "Joshua") na Nanu.  O nwere nwanne nwoke tọrọ, Tamayanya, na nwanne nwanyị nke obere, Yukultji . Ọ lụrụ Warlimpirnga oge ụfọdụ n'ime mmalite 1980s, ikekwe mgbe ọ dị obere ka 12.  Ya na ezinụlọ ya si n’ọzara pụta na 1984. Ugbu a ọ bi na Kiwirrkurra, ma nwee ụmụ nwoke abụọ na ụmụ nwanyị abụọ. 

Yalti mechara ihe osise mbụ ya maka Papunya Tula na June 1996. Ọ na-eme eserese acrylic nke odida obodo jikọtara ya na akụkọ nrọ Pintupi. Ihe osise ya bụ ebe dị mkpa na obodo ya, gburugburu Marruwa, Laurryi, Wirrulnga na Patjarr. 

## Ntụaka
bụkwa omenkà ama ama. Ha abụọ bụ ndị òtù Pintupi Nine a ma ama, bụ́ òtù ikpeazụ
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
National Poverty Eradication Programme

ihe mkpochapụ ndị ogbenye mba (NAPEP) bụ mmemme 2001 nke na-abụ Naijiria na-ekwu maka ndị ogbenye na-eji ihe ndị na-egosi ya.  E mere ya iji mmemme Mbelata ego ogbenye.

## ndabere
Ịda ogbenye na Naijiria ka dị mkpa n'ihe nkwado akụ na-ahụ.  [1] Naijiria nwere otu n'ime ọnụ ọgụgụ akụ na-ama zie elu n'ụwa (nkezi 7.4% [2] n'ime afọ iri gara aga), akụ na-emepe na-emepe mara, yana ọtụtụ akụ ndị sitere n'  okike dị ka isiokwu.  ụgbọala, ọ na-ejigide ego ogbenye dị elu, yana 41% nke ndị bi na nkewa dị ka ndị ogbenye site na National Bureau of Statistics na 2019 [3] (63% bi na ihe na-eche $ 1 kwa ụbọchị azụ na 2001  [4] ).  Enweela mbọ na-eme iji ụmụaka ogbenye, nke National Poverty Eradication Programme (NAPEP) na National Poverty Eradication Council (NAPEC) bụ nke kacha ọhụrụ.

## NAPEP
mkpa mkpochapụ ndị ogbenye mba (NAPEP) bụ mmemme 2001 nke ọkara Naijiria na-achọ ibelata ego ogbenye, ebelata ego ogbenye zuru oke .  [1] E mere ya iji belata mmemme Mbelata ogbenye .  [2] NAPEP na NAPEC na-hazi ma na-ahụ maka ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ dị iche, iche ministri, ma ememme na ngwá maka ha ga-agba ọsọ n'ihe gbasara mbelata ogbenye.  [2] ndị NAPEP ndị akara ndị n'ịzụ aka aka, ndị akara akara, obere kredit, ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ala, na inyere ndị ọrịa VVF aka 

A na-ahụ mmemme a dị ka nkwalite karịa mmemme mbelata ịda ogbenye gọọmentị Naịjirịa gara aga.  Dabere na nyocha 2008, mmemme ahụ enweela ike ịzụ ndị ntorobịa 130,000 wee tinye ndị mmadụ 216,000 aka, mana ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na-erite uru bụ ndị ogbenye. 

## Ihe omume
E welitere ọtụtụ nje nrụrụ aka 

N'ọgwụ Mee 2011, webụsaịtị mmemme ahụ bụ ndị omekome Naijiria lekwasịrị anya n'oge nraranye nke Goodluck Jonathan .

## Ntụaka

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* 
* 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ibe ebe obibi gọọmentị
* Mmemme ikpochapụ ịda ogbenye mba (NAPEP). Atụmatụ nlekota . AKWỤKWỌ EKWESỊRỊ NA NDỊ BỤRỤ N'ỤRỤ N'ỤZỌ NKE NCHE NA NDỤMỤ N'ỤZỌ NDỤMỌDỤ NKE DR UMAR B. BINDIR DIRECTOR (SERVICES MONITORING & MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SVICES). 2002
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Spazzacamini

thumb| ''Spazzacamino'' (otu), njedebe nke narị afọ nke 19, Museo Sonogno
thumb| ''Spazzacamini'' (ọtụtụ) na Milano, njedebe nke narị afọ nke 19, Museo Sonogno
Spazzacamini ( Italian for chimney sweep ) bụ okwu maka na-arụ ọrụ na ike afụ nke 19 na 20 Italy na Switzerland, bụ ebe a na-akpọkwa ha Kaminfegerkinder na mpaghara ndị na-asụ German .

## Akụkọ na mmalite
Ọtụtụ n'ime ụmụ nwoke ndị ahụ, na-elu ndị dị afọ 8 ruo 12, si na Canton nke Ticino, bụ ndị na-ekpocha ọkụ padroni ha na-achọsi ike n'ihi na ha dị obere ma dị gịrịgịrị ma nwee ike ike.  ịrịgo chaimni dị warara na ikpo ha.  Mgbe ụmụ okoro ahụ rutere n'elu ụlọ ọkụ, ha ga-eti mkpu " Spazzacamini! " iji gosi na ha arrịgoro n'Ịdịrị, ọkụ ọkụ juru.  ọnọdụ ọrụ dị njọ.  Maka nri ehihie, ekiri enwekarị ihe ha ga-eri, ha na-agakwa na- badbaadada, ha na-ehikwa n’anụ anụ ọtụtụ mgbe.  A na-ewe ụmụ okoro ahụ n'oge oyi, n'ihi ya, na-egosi dị na nọmba Ticino mepere emepe nke ọma, a onyinye inye nri otu ọnụ.  N'oge ahụ, ogbenye na agụụ na-agbasa ebe nile na Ticino n'ime ụnwanyi oyi.  Ọtụtụ oge si na Valle Verzasca, Cento Valli nakwa site na egwu Val Vigezzo nke Italy, [1] na-arụkwa ọrụ ugboro ugboro na ugwu Italy.

## Na omenala
. N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ ọ blea na Vigezzo chimni na-ekpochapụ si n'ụdị ụwa niile na-ezukọ maka ebe nchekwa na-ekpo ekpo ọkụ.  [1] akwụkwọ Die schwarzen Brüder (ụmụnna ojii) bụ nke mbụ e na-abụ na 1940–41.  Akụkọ Giorgio, obere nwa nwoke sitere na Sonogno na National Verzasca nke mee ihe dị ka Kaminfegerjunge, fa na eziokwu.  Lisa Tetzner agụwo n'ihe mere eme oge ochie ochie ihe ga-eme ụmụntakịrị ndị dị otú ahụ bụ́ ndị si Ndagwurugwu Verzasca na ndịozi ndị ọzọ nke Ticino.  Akwụkwọ a na-ewu ewu nke ukwuu, n'etiti ndị ọzọ, ihe nkiri, ihe nkiri nkiri, egwu egwu na egwu redio dabere na akwụkwọ ahụ, yana karba njem njem na-amalite na Sonogno na onye Verzasca

## Akwụkwọ

* Elisabeth Wenger: Als lebender Besen im Kamin: Einer vergessenen Vergangenheit auf der Spur. Akwụkwọ na-achọ, 2010. 
* Lisa Tetzner na Kurt Kläber: *Die Schwarzen Brüder.* *Erlebnisse na Abenteuer eines kleinen Tessiners* . Nke mbụ e bipụtara na 1940–41, Sauerländer, Aarau/Mannheim 2010,  .
* Lisa Tetzner na Hannes Binder (ihe atụ): *Die Schwarzen Brüder – Roman na Bildern* . Patmos Verlagshaus, Düsseldorf 2002,  .

## Hụkwa

* Ọrụ ụmụaka na Switzerland
* anwụ Schwarzen Brüder
* Kinder der Landstrasse
* Verdingkinder
* Wiedergutmachungsinitiative

## Ntụaka

* Thomas Gull: Kinderarbeit in  German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland, 13 October 2008.
* Museo dello Spazzacamino in Vigezzo (in Italian)
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Bay of All Saints (ihe nkiri)

Bay of All Saints bụ ihe nkiri akwụkwọ sitere n'aka Annie Eastman ma ebe ya bụ Diane Markrow na Davis Coombe [1] mpaghara mpaghara mpaghara ndị bi na obodo palafitas na Salvador, Bahia .  [2] Palafitas bụ ụlọ nkwakọba ihe ndị e wuru n'osisi ndị dị n'oge oké osimiri nke ọdụ dara ogbenye bi.  Eziniche nke obodo a na-echega n'ike dịka mmemme na-arụ ọrụ iji nweta mmiri mmiri iji weghachi gburugburu ebe obibi nke mmiri.  Akụkọ a na-mpụtapụta eserese atọ na-azụ ụmụ ma a hụ ya site n'uche nke Norato, onye na-arụzi friji dị n' ahụ ahụ.

## Mmepụta
Eastman zutere na mbụ "mkpọkọ mmirika" nke Bahia, Brazil na 1999 mgbe ya na otu ụlọ ọrụ na òtù na-arụ ọrụ.  Ruo ọnwa 18, Eastman nwere ọrụ ma biri na mpaghara a.  Ọ bụrụ agbapụ Bay of All Saints na 2004 mgbe ọ maratara Bahia ịweda nke ikpeazụ nke palafitas, ụlọ nke ọtụtụ ụmụ ekiri ọ mere enyi n'oge ya na ụlọ ọrụ nka.  [1] The Hollywood Reporter akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ahụ dị ka "nyocha ihe gbasara akparam akwụkwọ nke mkpọkpọ ụlọ nke Brazil" wee kwuo na "ndị na-ekiri ga-eti mkpu àmà na-egosi ike ndị na-eme na ụlọ ihe nkiri  ahụ."

## Ememme ihe nkiri na ihe nrite
Bay of All Saints bụ onye mmeri nke SXSW's Audience Award for Best Feature Documentary.  [1] Ihe nkiri ahụ merikwara ihe nrite ndị na-ege ntĩ maka akwụkwọ kacha mma na Woods Hole Film Festival.  E gosila ihe nkiri a n'ọtụtụ mmemme dị ka Vancouver International Film Festival, Miami International Film Festival, Mill Valley Film Festival, Hamptons International Film Festival, Margaret Mead Film Festival, Doc Yard, [2] Family of Women Film Festival, [3]  ] Starz Denver Film Festival, na ọ bụ ihe niile ezi ihe nkiri Ememme.  inyom na-eme ihe nkiri na-ekesa ihe nkiri a na North America na n'Ụdị North America site na Filmakers Library.  [4] Mkpuchi akwụkwọ nke America maka ihe nkiri ahụ ike sitere na Indiewire, [5] Slant Magazine, [6] Documentary.org, [7] Wall Street Journal [8] na onye ọnụ na LipTV

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
* Official Website
* Bay of All Saints at Women Make Movies
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Precaria (obodo)

Precaria bụ echiche a echiche aro n'usoro ozi mba ụwa nke otu na-enwe Un techo para mi país (TECHO), na bekee "A roof for my country", nke na-egosi n'ụzọ doro anya obodo na-  eche echiche nke ndị niile ga-ebi.  ndị ogbenye sitere na Latin America, maka pụtapụta ikike ukwuu nke ọnọdụ a dị oke egwu egwure iwu iwu obodo na ikike mmadụ nke iwu mba ụwa (dị ka Bill of Human Rights na Millennium Development Goals ).

Ndị nkuzi nke Precaria ejiriwo okwu a mee ihe: onye edemede Isabel Allende, onye bụbu President nke Chile Michelle Bachelet na Bernardo Kosakoff, onye bụbu onye isi CEPAL, [1] n'etiti ndị ọzọ, iji mee ka ndị mmadụ mara ogbenye na  Latin America na ime ka ọ pụta ìhè.  mmetụta oke nke index nke na-awụ ojuju nke mkpa ndị bụ isi nke onye ahụ.  N'oge na-adịbeghị anya Bernardo Kliksberg, onye tinye nke UNDP na onye na-ede akwụkwọ nke "Ndị Mbụ", onye na-ede akwụkwọ na Nobel Prize Laureate in Economics Amartya Sen, abanyela na mgbasa ozi "Precaria: mba nke na  - madu onye maara" dị ka ụzọ ịlụ.  obere ogbenye oke na mpaghara

A na-eji echiche a mata ọdịiche nke ọnọdụ ịda ogbenye dabara na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ nde 180, nke ga-eme ka ọ bụrụ obodo nke abụọ na Latin America na-esote Brazil.  A na-ewere ya na ndị bi na ya bụ mestizo.  Precaria nwere onu ogugu, n'etiti ndi ozo, nke "ndi Chile nde 2, nde Costa Rican, nde Bolivia 6, nde Nicaragua 4 na nde Honduras 5".[1]  Ọtụtụ ihe dị ka enweghị ohere dị mma maka ndị ogbenye anaghị achọpụta site na nrịbama mmepe ọdịnala.  Ya mere, n'ime ihe atụ a, e guzobere index nke ugwu, dịka nkwanye ùgwù kwesịrị ekwesị maka mmadụ.  Nsogbu ndị dị na "Precaria" bụ enweghị mmiri ọ drinkingụ drinkingụ na ọrụ idebe ihe ọcha, na enweghị ụlọ zuru oke.

Maka ibelata ókèala Precaria "Un techo para mi país" ejikọtala ihe karịrị ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo 400,000 ma hazie ihe omume mgbe niile n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mba niile nke mpaghara ahụ. N’ihi ya, ndị obodo na-enye onyinye ego na ọrụ afọ ofufo iji wuo ọtụtụ ụlọ n’ime obere oge n’obodo ukwu na obodo dị iche iche na Latin America.

## Hụkwa

* Ịda ogbenye
* Nsogbu akụ na ụba

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* https://web.archive.org/web/20110616225119/http://www.untechoparamipais.org.ar/
* https://web.archive.org/web/20120402102810/http://wiki.paisprecaria.org/index.php?title=Precaria&oldid=111
* ECLAC, ịda ogbenye na ọrụ http://www.eclac.org/publicaciones/xml/2/34732/PSE2008_Cap2_Empleo.pdf
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Ihe osise Pinta Tjapanangka

**Pinta Pinta Tjapanangka** (mbubreyo 1920s - 1999) bụ onye omenkà Aboriginal Australia. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ so na Papunya Tula art movement. Ọ bụ onye na-ese ihe osise nke Western Desert art.   Ọ bụ onye obodo Pintupi, ma na-ese akụkọ sitere na Nrọ Pintupi ( *Tingari* ).  Ọ na-ese ihe akụkọ ifo mere gburugburu ala nna ya, gụnyere gburugburu Winparrku, Lake Macdonald na Lake Mackay . 

Pinta Pinta si Western Australia . A mụrụ ya na Yumari, bụ́ ebe dị n'Ọzara Ukwu ájá ájá . O nwere ike ịbụ na a mụrụ ya n'oge ngwụcha afọ 1920 (gburugburu 1927 ma ọ bụ 1928).   Tupu ya na ndị ọcha na-akpakọrịta, ọ na- ebi ndụ n'ime ọzara. N'afọ ndị 1950, ya na ezinụlọ ya jere ije ka ọ nọrọ na Haasts Bluff, ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị  . Nke a bụ mmekọrịta mbụ ya na mmepeanya Australia ọgbara ọhụrụ.  Nke ya bụ otu n'ime ndị ikpeazụ n'ime obodo ahụ si n'ọzara pụta. 

Pinta Pinta malitere eserese n'etiti 1970s, na Papunya . Ọ kwagara Kintore ka emechara ya na 1981. N'afọ 1984, Pinta Pinta na ezinụlọ ya hiwere ebe mgbapụ na Winparrku (Ugwu Webb), n'etiti Kintore na Kiwirrkurra .  Ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara ebe a obere oge ka nke ahụ gasịrị. Na 1988, o nwere obere akụkụ na ihe nkiri *Ajọ Ndị mmụọ ozi* . 

Ihe osise ya na-adaberekarị na oji, ọcha na ocher na agba. Ihe kacha pụta ìhè a na-ahụ n'ime ha bụ okirikiri na ahịrị, nke na-egosi egwu nrọ . Ụfọdụ ọrụ ya dị na Australian Museum, National Gallery of Victoria na Museum na Art Gallery nke Northern Territory.  

Ọ mụrụ ụmụ nwoke abụọ, Matthew (amụrụ na mbido 1960s) na Nyilyari (amụrụ ihe dịka 1965). Nyilyari ghọkwara onye omenkà a ma ama. 

## Ntụaka
bụ́ ebe dị n'Ọzara Ukwu ájá ájá . O nwere ike ịbụ na a mụrụ ya n'oge
A tọhapụrụ ya

thumb| ize iguzosi ike n'ihe, nke a mara ndị na-akwado ya dị ka " Descamisados ​​".
Descamisado (  ) bụ okwu Spanish nke ihe n'ụzọ "ihe uwe elu" ma ọ bụ "ihe uwe".

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Onye na-akọ akwụkwọ ahụ jibu okwu a na akwụkwọ ozi Victor Hugo 's seminal 1862 Les Misérables na-ezo aka na ndị Spen na- agbanwe agbanwe.  Mgbe e meri Napoleon Bonaparte n'Agha Waterloo, e we ụzọ dị iche iche eze France ( Bourbon ).  Ndị Bourbons mere ihe iji kwalite eze Spen ndị agha na-ewu nke ụkpụrụ ọha na eze na Spanish Agha nke 1823. Omume Hugo na-ekwu maka iji okwu ahụ na-akwado ndị French Bourbons.  E ji okwu ahụ mee ihe n'ụzọ na- isi na ntụnyere kpọmkwem na mkparị a na-etinye na ọha mmadụ France na-ewu ewu, nke na-Maka isi nke ntọala French bourgeoisie nke 1789.

Na afã nke 20, a na- iga ya dị ka mkparị site n'aka ndị na-abụ nke Argentina iji ji ndị na-eso ụzọ Juan Perón, bụ onye jere ozi dị ka Play oche nke Argentina site na 1946 ruo 1955, na ọzọkwa.  Oge site na ruo 1973 ruo 1974. E mechara nwetaghachi okwu ahụ dị ka okwu nkwupụta, Juan Perón na na-egosi ya Eva Perón ji ndị na-ezo aka na ndị na-eso ụzọ ha dị ka "descamisados".  N'oge mgbasa ozi 1945 ya maka oga oche, Juan Perón gara obodo ahụ n'ọkọ okporo nke ọ hụrụ El Descamisado

Otú ọ dị, ojiji mbụ e ji okwu ahụ mee ihe na ndị na-eme ihe mere eme nke Argentina na-egosi na ike awụ nke 19. Tomás de Iriarte ngwaọrụ na ebe ya oge ya na Carlos María de Alvear na-eje ije wee hụ Manuel Dorrego na uwe  ruru unyi na nke dọwara adọwa.  Iriarte dere na "Excusado es decir que esto era estudiado para captarse la multitud, los descamisados."  [1] ("Ọ baghị uru ikwu, nke a e mere iji dọta igwe mmadụ, ndị na-achọ uwe.")

El Descamisado bụkwa aha akwụkwọ anarchist na Buenos Aires, Argentina

Site n'azịza, okwu ahụ mgbasa n'oge a na October 17, 1945, mgbe ọtụtụ ndị na-akwado Juan Perón gba àmà n'ihu Casa Rosada na-eme ngosi iji gosipụta ka a tọhapụ Perón n' watch .  Ka ha na-echere Perón n'ụbọchị a na-ekpo ọkụ, ọtụtụ ndị ikom nọ n'ìgwè ahụ wepụrụ uwe elu ha - ya mere okwu ahụ bụ "mye uwe".  Buru isi, ọtụtụ n'etiti ndị ọkachamara gbasara nke akara ahụ.  Ụfọdụ na-ekwu na e chepụtara okwu ahụ iji ndị ogbenye na-arụ ọrụ, otu mmadụ nke Perón si ego ego ike nke nkwado nkwado ụzọ ya.  A na-atụnyere descamisados ​​nke Peronism mgbe ụfọdụ na akara nke isi na-ebelata French .  ụma a nke ndị bi na ya nwere ike ike n'ọkwa nke etiti etiti ekele maka obre maka nhazi na nhazi usoro ihe nke mere na Argentina n'oge okwu abụọ mbụ nke Oga oche Juan Perón (1946-1955).

Na 1989, Fernando Collor de Mello na mgbasa ozi onye isi ala ya ji descamisados ​​na pés descalços ("maka akpụkpọ ụkwụ") na-ezo aka na ndị ogbenye.

## Hụkwa

* *[[Roto]]*
* ọgụgụ isi de Miller

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Akwụkwọ akụkọ Argentine ''El Descamisado''
* Descamisado ndepụta na Encyclopædia Britannica
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Edinburgh 50,000 - Mgbalị Ikpeazụ

thumb| mmiri n'ime Murrayfield Stadium
Edinburgh 50,000 – The Final Push bụ akụkụ nke usoro egwu egwu Live 8 emere gburugburu ụwa iji gbaa ndị isi na-ezukọ na nzuko G8 na Gleneagles, Scotland, ịtụle ọnọdụ nke ndị dara ogbenye zuru oke (lee Mee Akụkọ Ogbenye).  [1]  Emere na 6 Julaị 2005, ụbọchị anọ ka emechara ihe nkiri ndị ọzọ, na Murrayfield Stadium, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, ọ dabara n'ụbọchị mmeghe nke nzụkọ 31st G8 na ngagharị iwe na etiti obodo na-aka akara njedebe nke Live 8.

A na-akpọkwa mmemme ahụ dị ka "Live 8 Edinburgh" na "Live 8 Scotland" .

tiketi site na lọtrị ederede.  Dị ka ọ dị na egwu egwu Hyde Park Live 8 ọ agụghị oge ọrụ ya.

## Kwụba n'ahịrị
Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri n'uju: 

* **Lenny Henry** (Host)
* **The Proclaimers** &#x2013; "I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles)"
* **Jamie Cullum** &#x2013; "All You Need Is Love" (with **Natasha Bedingfield**)
* **Natasha Bedingfield** &#x2013; "These Words" (with **Jamie Cullum**)
* **Wet Wet Wet** &#x2013; "With a Little Help from My Friends", "Love Is All Around" (with instrumentals from "Scotland the Brave" and "Loch Lomond")
* **Davina McCall** (presenter)
* **Peter Kay** &#x2013; "Top of the World"
* **McFly** &#x2013; "All About You"
* **Eddie Izzard** (presenter)
* **1 Giant Leap** &#x2013; "My Culture"
* **Eddie Izzard** &#x2013; "Flower of Scotland"
* **Sugababes** &#x2013; "Stronger"
* **Bono** (presenter)
* **[[Nelson Mandela]]** (presenter)
* **George Clooney** (presenter)
* **Annie Lennox** – "Redemption Song", "Sisters Are Doin' It for Themselves"
* **Coumi Nidu** (presenter)
* **[[Susan Sarandon]]** (presenter)
* **Bob Geldof** and **Campino** – "The Great Song of Indifference", "Rat Trap"
* **The Thrills** – "Santa Cruz (You're Not That Far)"
* **Claudia Schiffer** and **Herbert Grönemeyer** (presenters)
* **Midge Ure** – "Vienna" (with **Eddie Izzard** on piano and **Troy Donockley** on bouzouki)
* **Chris Evans** (presenter)
* **Feeder** – "Buck Rogers"
* **Wangari Maathai** (presenter)
* **[[Youssou N'Dour]]** and **Neneh Cherry** – "7 Seconds"
* **Chris Barrie** and the cast of **The Brittas Empire** (comedy sketch)
* **Embrace** – "Ashes"
* **Beverley Knight**
* **Texas** – "Inner Smile", "Say What You Want"
* **Katherine Jenkins** – "Nessun dorma"
* **Snow Patrol** – "Run"
* **[[Ronan Keating]]** (presenter)
* **Travis** – "Driftwood", "Why Does It Always Rain on Me?"
* **The Corrs**  - "Breathless", "When the Stars Go Blue" (with **Bono**)
* **James Brown** – "I Feel Good", "Papa's Got a Brand New Bag", "Sex Machine" (with **Will Young**)

## Ntụaka

* Live 8 ukara website .
* Weebụsaịtị Live 8 na-akwadoghị Live 8 webụsaịtị
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Egwuregwu Live 8 na Berlin

Na 2 Julaị 2005, e mere ihe nkiri Live 8 na Siegessäule (Column Mmeri) na akwụkwọ Tiergarten na Berlin, Germany .

A na-akpọkwa mmemme ahụ dị ka "Live 8 Berlin" ma ọ bụ "Live 8 Germany" .

ụfọdụ ndị nka egwu dere ihe nkiri Berlin dị ka ike mgbe ekwuru ahịrị mbụ, na-eme ụmụaka na ọtụtụ ndị egwu na-abụ abụ na German iji ike ụwa.  E wedara a site na mgbakwunye nke Green Day na ndepụta ndị nka na-eme ihe.

Lauryn Hill na Crosby, Stills & Nash nọ na ahịrị, mana ha abụọ wepụrụ

Green Day kpalitere obere mkpali mgbe ha na-abụ " Sieg Heil to the President Gasman" na-agụghị akwụkwọ dịka nke egwu ha " Ezumike ".

## Kwụba n'ahịrị

### Ndị ọbịa

* **Anne Will**
* **Michael Mittermeier**
* **Claudia Schiffer**

### Ndị na-eme egwuregwu
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|210x210px| Na ogbo A-Ha.
Edepụtara ndị na-eme ihe enyemaka Live gara aga nwere akara nrịbama (*):

* **Die Toten Hosen** : "Wünsch Dir Was", "Pushed Ọzọ", "Steh Auf, Wenn Du Am Boden Bist", "Gosi onye ọ bụla ị nọ ebe a", " Hang On Sloopy " (B 14:03)
* **Wir sind Helden** : "Nur Ein Wort", "Denkmal", "Bist Du Nicht Müde" (B 14:27)
* **Söhne Mannheims** : “Jah Na-agbanwe Ihe Nile”, “Ụkpụrụ Babilọn” (B 14:44)
* **Katherine Jenkins** : “ Amara dị ịtụnanya ” (B 15:02)
* **BAP** : "Wie Schön Dat Wöhr", "Verdamp Lang Her" (B 15:11)
* **Audioslave** : " Ọ dịghị echetara m "," "Nraranye Maka Ihe ziri ezi", " Black Hole Sun "," Dị ka Nkume "," Igbu n'Aha " (B 15:28)
* **Green Day** : " American Idiot ", " Ezumike ", " Obere ", " Anyị bụ ndị mmeri " (B 15:52)
* **Juli** : " Geile Zeit ", " Perfekte Welle " (B 16:18)
* **Silbermond** : "Zeit für Optimisten", "Durch die Nacht" (B 16:59)
* **Chris de Burgh** : "Ụzọ Maka nnwere onwe", "abalị Lebanon", " Nwanyị Na-acha uhie uhie ", " Unu akwụla onye na-agba ụgbọ mmiri ụgwọ " (B 17:13)
* **Brian Wilson** *: " magburu onwe ya "," Ekpere Anyị / Gee "," Ndị dike na ndị obodo ", " Chineke maara naanị "," California Girls ", " Ezi Vibrations ", " Fri Fun Fun " (B 17:34)
* **Renee Olstead** : " Nwa M Na-eche Banyere M " (B 17:58)
* **Sasha** : " Ọ bụrụ na Ị Kwere "," Ọ siri ike ijikwa", "Tụgharịa ya ka ọ bụrụ ihe pụrụ iche" (B 18:06)
* **a-ha** : " Were Na M ", " Oge Ọdụm Na-aga n'ihu ", " Ịchụ nta nke Dị Elu na Dị Ala " (B 18:22)
* **Daniel Powter** : “ Ụbọchị Ọjọọ ”, “Abụ 6” (B 18:45)
* **Joana Zimmer** : “Ekwere m (Nye ntakịrị ihe)” (B 18:57)
* **Juan Diego Flórez** : " Ị gaghị aga ije naanị gị " (B 19:12)
* **Reamonn** : "Hallelujah", "Ọ dị mma" (B 19:20)
* **Roxy Music** : " Virginia Plain ", " Ịhụnanya Bụ Ọgwụ ," " Do the Strand ", " Onye Ekworo " (B 19:37)
* **Na-ekwesịghị ntụkwasị obi** : " Mbibi nke Mass ", " Anyị Na-abịa 1 " (B 20:01)
* **Herbert Grönemeyer** : " Der Mond ist aufgegangen ", "Mensch", "Bleibt Alles Anders", "Flugzeuge im Bauch", "Bochum", "Heimat" (B 20:15)
* **Otto** : " Nwoke Piano " (B 20:47)
Egwuregwu Live 8, Eden Project

Na 2 Julaị 2005 a na-eme ihe nkiri Live 8 na Eden Project, Cornwall, United Kingdom.  A kpọrọ mmemme ahụ "Africa Calling", mana amarakwara dị ka "LIVE 8: Africa Calling" ma ọ bụ "Africa Calling: LIVE 8 at the Eden Project" .

Onye isi oche Eden Project Tim Smit ngosi mmemme ahụ dị ka ihe mkpa na mmemme zuru ụwa ọnụ na nzaghachi maka nkatọ nke ndị na-ese ihe n'Africa na egwu egwu ndị ọzọ.  A haziri ya na oru ngo nke Eden Staff na-eduzi [Howard Jones (Onye ntụziaka nke nọmba, Eden Project) na ihe aka nke ndị na-ese ihe bụ Peter Gabriel na-hazi ya.  Na mbụ ọ bụghị nke mmemme Live 8. Gebriel mechara pịaraụ Bob Geldof, otu n'ime ndị na-hazi Live 8, na egwu Africa Calling , nke ọma mmemme Live 8.

Ebusara egwu a na ndụ na puru/dijitalụ BBC.  DVD nke 130 nke Live8: Africa Calling ka ewepụtara na 25 Ọktoba 2005

## Kwụba n'ahịrị
**Mepee Air Stage**

Nna-ukwu nke emume : Peter Gabriel & Johnny Kalsi

* 1:00 - 1:20 pm : **Ayub Ogada** & **Uno**
* 1:40 – 2:20 pm : **Mariza**
* 2:45 – 3:30 pm **[[Thomas Mapfumo]]** & **The Blacks Unlimited**
* 3:45 - 4:00 pm : **Coco Mbassi**
* 4:20 – 4:45 pm : **Modou Diouf** & **O Fogum**
* 5:15–5:55 pm : **[[Youssou N'Dour]]** na **Le Super Étoile de Dakar** (duet na **Dido** )
* 6:10 – 6:25 pm : **Geoffrey Oryema**
* 6:45 – 7:25 pm : **[[Angélique Kidjo|Angelique Kidjo]]**
* 7:45 – 8:30 pm : **Tinariwen**
* 8:55 – 9:30 pm : **[[Kanda Bongo Man|Nwoke Kanda Bongo]]**
* 10:00 - 10:40 pm : **Daara J**
* 10:40 - 11:00 pm : N'ikpeazụ

* 1:20 – 1:40 pm : **Chartwell Dutiro**
* 2:20 – 2:45 pm : **Maryam Mursal** (Arụmọrụ mbụ)
* 3:30 - 3:45 pm : **Maryam Mursal** (Ihe omume nke abụọ)
* 4:00 - 4:20 pm : **Shikisha**
* 4:45 – 5:15 pm : **Siyaya**
* 5:55–6:10 pm : **Emmanuel Jal**
* 6:25–6:45 pm : **Coco Mbassi**
* 7:25–7:45 pm : **Ayub Ogada**
* 7:50 - 8:05 pm : **Chartwell Dutiro**
* 8:30 – 8:55 pm : **Frititi**
* 9:30 - 10:00 pm: **Akim El Sikameya**

## Ntụaka
 
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Egwuregwu 8 Live, Chiba

Na 2 July 2005, a na-eme ihe nkiri Live 8 na Makuhari Messe, Chiba, Japan

A na-akpọkwa mmemme ahụ dị ka "Live 8 Tokyo" ma ọ bụ "Live 8 Japan"

ọdịdị ahụ bụ ihe ngosi Live 8 mbụ mbụ, n'ihi mpaghara oge mbụ nke Japan.  Ịbịa maka egwu egwu dị na ikike ikike, ma na mmadụ 10,000 na-aga ihe ngosi ahụ na ebe mbụ Makuhari Messe, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị nta ka usoro na ihe omume zuru ụwa ọnụ.  (Mara: tiketi 10,000 dị na saịtị na ịntanetị)

Onye nhazi Live8 Japan Lily Sobhani bụ naanị otu nwanwanyị ka abụ ya ọnụ, na ekwoputala ihe omume Japan naanị otu izu tupu egwu ahụ.  N'ihi ya, ọ bụ na- ike ike na-dị otu ụdị nke buzz na counterpart concerts na London na Philadelphia mere, ma dọtara mba artists Björk, Good Charlotte na McFly, nakwa dị ka Japanesemụ Dreams Come True, Rize, Def  Tech, na Do Dị ka Infinity

Japan bụ naanị mba Eshia na G8, yana naanị mba Eshia nke sonyere na Live 8.

## Kwụba n'ahịrị
N'usoro ọdịdị ya:

* **Rize** (CH 15:00)
* **McFly** ¹ - "Enwetara m gị", " Nwa agbọghọ ahụ ", " Aga m adị mma ", " Ihe niile gbasara gị " " 5 Agba Na ntutu Ya ", " N'ụzọ doro anya " (CH 16:30)
* **Ezi Charlotte** - " Ụdị ndụ ndị bara ọgaranya na ndị a ma ama " " Anthem ", " Anyị kwenyere " (CH 18:00)
* **Nrọ Ga-emezu** - "Mascara Matsuge (Mascara Eyelashes)", "Asahi no Senrei (Morning Baptism)", "Olá! Vitória!", "Nando demo", "Ịhụnanya Ịhụnanya (Bekee Version)" (CH 19:30)
* **Mee Dị ka Infinity** - " Maka ọdịnihu "," Tooku Mere "," TAO "," Mkpa ịhụnanya gị ", " Boukensha Tachi ", " Honjitsu wa Seiten Nari " (CH 21:00)
* **Def Tech** (CH 22:30)
* **[[Björk]]** - " Abụ ndị ọgọ mmụọ ", " Ihe niile jupụtara n'ịhụnanya ", "Constellation chọrọ", " Joga ", " Hyperballad ", "Ọkụ aka na-emesapụ aka", " Bachelorette ", " Ọ dị n'aka Anyị " (CH 00:00)

¹ emekwara na ihe nkiri Edinburgh na Julaị 6, 2005.

## Njikọ mpụga

* Webụsaịtị Japan Live 8 gọọmentị
* Webụsaịtị US Live 8 na-akwadoghị
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Roto

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|267x267px| Ihe ncheta maka ''roto'' Chile, Plaza Yungay, Santiago
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|350x350px| nke okwu na nso nso a nke Bolivian irredentism maka mfu ókèala na Agha nke Pacific (1879-1884).  N'ihe osise a ka edeworo;  "Ihe bụbu nke anyị, ga-abụ nke anyị ọzọ", na "Jide rotos (Chileans), n'ihi na ebe a ka Colorados nke Bolivia"
Roto, f.  rota, (n'ụzọ n'ụzọ "adowa" ma ọ bụ "gbajiri agbaji") bụ okwu ejiri na-ezo aka na ndị Chile na ndị na-eje ozi Chile.  Na Chile, site na anụ nke afọ afụ nke 20, ịdọ aka ná ntị na klaas na-adịghị mma nye ndị ogbenye obodo.  A na- Iche ya nlelị na mba ndị ọzọ na-asụrụ Spanish, Ji Bolivia [1] na Peru, na-ezo aka na ndị Chile n'ụzọ mkparị.  Ma ọ bụghị ya, n'agbanyeghị pot ya, a na-ewerekwa roto dị ka nke mba na Port na Chile

## Ojiji akụkọ ihe mere eme
A na-eji okwu roto mee ihe na Peru oge ndị Spen meri, mgbe ndị agha Diego de Almagro nwere ikike ikike la ike Cuzco (mgbe ha mechara njem na-achọ ọla edo na Chile) na uwe ha dọwara adọwa, n'ihi nnukwu  njem na-agwụ ike.  n'kwụ site n'akwụkwọ Atacama .  [1] [2] N'oge mbụ nke Santiago, ndị bi na ya adịghị eji ejiji nke ọma n'ihi ụkọ nri na ihe oriri.  Ụfọdụ ndị Spen bịara iyi uwe ejiji si n'aka , nwamba, ọdụm mmiri na ụzọ ndị

A bịara jiri okwu a mee ihe ụzọ mgbe ndị Chile lụsịrị agha Peru-Bolivian Confederation na 1839—Ndị agha Chile meri ndị agha ahụ na Agha Yungay na 20 January 1839. [1] Na Chile, a na- aghọ ndị mmeri Yungay ụtụ isi  na, na ịdị nkenke, 20 January ka ekwoputara Día del Roto Chileno (na Spanish; ምስክር Chile Roto ) [2] - na Agha nke Pacific (1879- 84).

A na-echeta nke Roto Chile site na òtù dị iche iche na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri dị ka ndị Chile, ndị na-akwado ultra-nationalist, ndị Kọmunist na òtù obodo nke ụmụ amaala.  Ndị agha ahụ nwere ekele iche maka ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ a na-ewere dị ka dike bụ isi - otu dike na-ama aha- nke ụfọdụ n'ime agha mkpa na agha megide Bolivia na Peru.  N'okwu a, ibe ibe nke ndị agha Chile kwuru:
 

* Descamisado

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye