Ụmụ akwụkwọ maka Nnyocha na Mmepe nke Ebe

Students for the Exploration and Development  Space (SEDS) bụ òtù ụmụ akwụkwọ mba ụwa na enweghị uru nke ebumnuche ya bụ ịkwalite nkwado mbara igwe nke nyocha na mmepe site na ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ na injinia.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
E hiwere ụmụ akwụkwọ maka akwụkwọ na ike nke oghere na 1980 na MIT site na Peter Diamandis, Mahadum Princeton site na Scott Scharfman, na Mahadum Yale site na Richard Sorkin, ma nwee otu msị mba ụwa nke ụlọ akwụkwọ, ụmụ akwụkwọ na agụsị akwụkwọ. site na mfe iche iche na arụ ọrụ iji kwalite oghere. SEDS bụ ntọala na isi nwere isi na Canada, India, Israel, Mexico, Nepal, Nigeria, Philippines, South Africa, Spain, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, Sri Lanka na Zimbabwe. Isi ụlọ ọrụ na ebighi nke SEDS-USA bi na MIT na nke SEDs-India bi na Vellore Institute of Technology. Ọ bụ ebe na imekọ ihe ọnụ na mkpa, alaka na isi ọ iche nwere onwe ya ma na ahazi ọrụ na ọrụ nke ha.

### Afọ ndị 1980
E hiwere SEDS na Septemba 17, 1980, karịsịa site n'aka Peter Diamandis, Scott Scharfman, Richard Sorkin, Robert D. Richards, na Todd B. Hawley na nzukọ mbụ ha mere na Ọktoba 30, 1980.  Mgbe nzukọ mbụ na 1980, onye isi oche SEDS Peter Diamandis degaara onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke magazin *Omni* akwụkwọ ozi na-akwa arịrị maka ọnọdụ nke mmemme mbara igwe ma na arịọ ụmụ akwụkwọ ka ha nyere aka mee mgbanwe. Akwụkwọ ozi ahụ, nke e bipụtara na *Omni* na mbido 1981, dọtara ụmụ akwụkwọ si gburugburu ụwa na SEDS. Nke  tọrọ ntọala maka nzukọ mba ụwa SEDS mbụ, nke emere na Mahadum George Washington n'etiti July 15-19, 1982. [1] Ka afọ iri ahụ na aga n'ihu, SEDS nọgidere na enwe nzukọ mba ụwa, nke na agbanwe n'etiti ụlọ akwụkwọ gụnyere Mahadum George Washington (ọzọ), Mahadum Alabama na Huntsville, na Caltech. 'ime ngwụcha afọ iri, e guzobere UKSEDS na Science Museum (London) ma nwee nzukọ mbụ ha na Mahadum Cambridge n'oge Nọvemba 25-26, 1989.

### Afọ ndị 1990
 
N'ime afọ ndị 1990, SEDS gara n'ihu na-akwado nzukọ mba kwa afọ, mgbe ụfọdụ na njikọ aka na International Space Development Conference ruo 1997, mgbe emere "SEDS National Conference" ikpeazụ (nkwurịta okwu ga apụta ọzọ afọ 7 ka e mesịrị dị ka "SEDs SpaceVision Conference"). UKSEDS nọgidere na enwe nzukọ mba na ebe ndị na agbanwe agbanwe kwa afọ. N'ime afọ ndị ikpeazụ nke afọ iri ahụ, e nwere nnukwu mbelata na ndị isi SEDS na mbelata jikọtara ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị otu na United States.

### Afọ 2000
N'afọ 2004, MITSEDS guzobe ìhè Mba SEDS ma kwado na nke nke Massachusetts Institute of Technology na Nọvemba 11-14. Ata aha ahụ ka ọ bụrụ ihe SEDS SpaceVision ma ọtụtụ ndị ọkà okwu ga-egosi n'afọ n'afọ iri a, kpọọ Loretta Hidalgo Whitesides, onye ahụ Dr. Robert Richards, Rick Tumlinson, George T. Whitesides. Robert Zubrin, na Pete Worden. SpaceVision gara Mahadum Illinois na Urbana-Champaign (2005), Mahadum Central Florida (2006), Mahadum Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2007), Mahadum Texas A&M (2008), Mahadum Arizona (2009), Mahadum Colorado na Urbana, Mahadum Boulder (2011) ), Mahadum na Buffalo (2012), Mahadum Steeti Arizona (2013), UNC Chapel Hill (2014), Mahadum Boston (2015), Mahaduma Purdue (2016), Mahaduma Central Florida (2017), Mahaduma California, San Diego (2018) , Mahadum Arizona State (2019), na ihe ihe nke nta ka ọ bụrụ maka 2020. Mahadum Rice ga akwado SpaceVision nke 2021 na Space Center Houston site na Nọvemba 4-6. [1][mkpa mmelite] N'oge a, UKSEDS ihe na enwe otu ihe mba kwa afọ. SEDS India, mgbe ọ pụtara SEDS International na 2007, gara n'ihu na SEDS Indian National Conferences kwa afọ 2009 na Vellore Institute of Technology, India. SEDS Harry ọrụ mba ọhụrụ dị kakọta ego maka ụgbọ elu SEDS Zero G na ikwara ike Rockoon Nkume mba ọhụrụ nke e mere ka ọ dị ka Ansari X PRIZE.

### Ọrụ SEDS USA na arụsi ọrụ ike
SEDS-USA na ahazi ọrụ kwa afọ na nke na-agagharị agagharị iji tinye ndị otu ya na ọrụ metụtara mbara igwe. Ọrụ abụọ dị otú ahụ bụ:

#### Asọmpi SEDS High-Power Rocketry
Nke  bụ asọmpi n'etiti isiakwụkwọ ndị e mere iji maa ụmụ akwụkwọ aka na rocketry dị elu. Ebumnuche nke asọmpi ahụ bụ ịgbapụ rọket, nke ndị otu isi mepụtara ma wuo, ruo n'ịdị elu nke 10,000 feet n'elu oke osimiri. Egwuregwu a anọwo na aga nke ọma ugbu a kemgbe afọ 2011. Onye mmeri nke asọmpi 2012 bụ Purdue SEDS.

#### Asọmpi Atụmatụ Azụmaahịa nke Ụmụ akwụkwọ NewSpace
Malite na 2011, a na ahazi asọmpi a na Space Frontier Foundation  ma na ezube inye ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụmịhe ụwa n'ezie na ọchụnta ego a na etinye na ụlọ ọrụ mbara igwe. A na achọ ka ụmụ akwụkwọ mepụta ụdị azụmaahịa na agbanwe agbanwe nke ga akwalite mmegharị NewSpace ma bụrụ ndị otu ndị ọkachamara 5 nwere ọtụtụ afọ nke ahụmịhe na azụmaahịa mbara igwe na ekpe ikpe. Ndị mmeri nke asọmpi 2011  2012 bụ Illinois State University [1] na Iowa State University n'otu n'otu.

## Alaka mba ụwa
A na ahazi SEDS site na mba, mpaghara, na isi. E nwere nnukwu ndị isi SEDS na United States, nke SEDS-USA na ịchịkwa mpaghara na mba. SEDS India nwere isi SEDS akwụkwọ n'okpuru ya ma nwee isi ụlọ ọrụ na Vellore Institute of Technology. UKSEDS nwere mpaghara ise ga United Kingdom ma nwee isi ụlọ ọrụ na British Interplanetary Society HQ na London. E nwere ngalaba mba ndị ọzọ nke SEDS n'ụwa niile, SEDS-Canada, SEDS South Africa, na SEDS Zimbabwe, nke nwere isi a na isi nke obere. Ụmụ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ nke òtù mba ụwa na ezukọ dị ka SEDS-Earth, Ndị òtù na achị ụwa nke SEDS. SEDS bụ onye otu Alliance for Space Development .

### SEDS-USA
 
SEDS-USA bụ òtù na achị isi nke isi niile dị na United States, ọ bụkwa alaka kachasị ukwuu na nke mbụ nke SEDS. Ọ bụ ndị isi mba, ndị ndụmọdụ na ndị nlekọta na elekọta ya. Otu akụkụ dị mkpa nke SEDS-USA bụ Council of Chapters (CoC). Kansụl a nwere ndị nnọchi anya mba nke isi nke ọ bụla ma bụrụ nke Onye isi oche nke Council of Chapters na eduzi. CoC na ezute site na teleconference iji gbanwere mmelite n'etiti isi nke ọ bụla na bọọdụ mba.  na edepụta ndị nduzi mba 2022-23 nke SEDS-USA n'okpuru ebe a.

### UKSEDS
 
 Students for the Exploration and Development of Space (UKSEDS) bụ ụlọ ọrụ ụmụ akwụkwọ UK nke mba. Ha na akwado ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị na anụ ọkụ n'obi gafee United Kingdom site na ịrụ ọrụ mbara igwe, na akwado nzukọ na ogbako, na ime mgbasa ozi iji kpalie ma kụziere.  na ewu njikọ n'etiti akụkụ dị iche iche nke obodo mbara igwe n'ime UK na mba ụwa. Onye isi oche ha ugbu a bụ Holly Whitehouse.

UKSEDS malitere na 1988, mgbe ọtụtụ ụmụ akwụkwọ gara International Space University (ISU) 's mbụ Space Studies Program nke emere na MIT mere mkpebi ịmepụta nzukọ ahụ na UK. E nwere nzukọ ntọala na Machị 1989 na London's Science Museum, yana nzukọ zuru ezu na Mahadum Cambridge na Nọvemba nke afọ ahụ.

UKSEDS na eduzi site na Kọmitii Nchịkwa ahọpụtara maka otu afọ na Nzukọ Ezumezu anyị kwa afọ n'oge nzukọ anyị kwa afọ, yana Board of External Trustees họpụtara maka afọ atọ. A họpụtara kọmitii dị ugbu a na nnọkọ nke 35 na Machị 2023. 

### SEDS-Canada
 
SEDS-Canada bụ otu gọọmentị etiti na abụghị maka uru nke dị na Toronto, Canada, nke ọrụ ya bụ ịkwado nyocha na mmepe nke ohere site na nkwado ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na abụghị nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, nzukọ, asọmpi ụmụ akwụkwọ, na enyemaka isi. Ọ bụ onye ọchụnta ego bụ Bob Richards malitere nzukọ ahụ na mbido afọ 1981, otu ìgwè ụmụ akwụkwọ si na Mahadum Toronto na Mahadim Western Ontario guzobeghachiri ya na afọ 2014, mgbe ọtụtụ afọ nke enweghị ọrụ gasịrị. SEDS-Canada ugbu a nwere isi mahadum iri na otu na arụ ọrụ na mba ahụ.

Dị ka akụkụ nke ebumnuche nkwado ha, SEDS-Canada na achọ itinye ndị na eme iwu Canada na ndị na azọ ọkwa ọchịchị niile na mgbalị ọtụtụ afọ na ebumnuche nke ịgbachitere mbelata na iwu mbara igwe dị mma, na ime mkpọsa maka iwu ọhụrụ iji hụ na ndị ndu Canada na mpaghara nyocha na mmepe.

### SEDS-Turkey
Space Exploration and Development of Space Turkey, nke Hadican Çatak guzobere na Machị 2017 na Mahadum Hacettepe, bụ nke mbụ na naanị oghere mba, na nzukọ ọchụnta ego nwere ndị otu 350+ na arụsi ọrụ ike na alaka na mahadum 8 ka ọ na erule Jenụwarị 2019.

Ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke SEDS TR bụ ịchịkọta ụmụ akwụkwọ niile nwere mmasị, ụmụ akwụkwọ nzere masta, na ụmụ akwụkwọ doctoral na ịrụ ọrụ ndị na enyere ha aka imeziwanye atụmanya ọrụ ha n'ọhịa ọrụ ha site n'ịmepụta otu ebe ọrụ.

Iji ruo ihe mgb ọsọ a, SEDS TR anọwo na-arụ ọrụ na ọrụ injinia, na ahazi ihe omume ma na agbasawanye ebe ọ na arụ site na ịmepụta òtù SEDS na mahadum niile na Turkey ma n'ihe gbasara nke a, S EDS na anwa ime ka ọrụ na ọrụ a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu nwee ike ịnweta nwa akwụkwọ ọ bụla ọzọ na Turkey.

### SEDS-UAE
Isi nke SEDS-UAE dabeere na Our Own English High School na Abu Dhabi. Ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, Nishirth Khandwala guzobere isi a. Ndị otu SEDS UAE -etinye aka na ọrụ na mmemme dị iche iche dịka International Asteroid Search Campaign . 

### SEDS South Africa
 
SEDS-South Africa bụ ụlọ ọrụ ụmụ akwụkwọ mba South Africa Space, ọ bụkwa òtù na ngalaba SEDS niile dị na South Africa. SEDS South Africa bụ ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị na eso eto eto na Southern Africa ndị na enwe ozi na nyọcha na mmepụta mbara igwe. Nke a na agụnyeagụnye aka na ndị na eme iwu nwe, ụlọ ọrụ satellite na ihe ihe, ihe omume rocket, , nna na Space, ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị na azụ na eto eto na arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ, ijikọ na ụlọ ọrụ Space, redio na nri ihe, ọrụ analọg Space, achụshọọ Space, na ịgọ Space iji bara ụmụ mmadụ uru.

SEDS South Africa na eme ka agụmakwụkwọ nke ndị mmadụ dị mfe banyere uru nke Space, site n'ịkwado netwọk nke ụmụ akwụkwọ nwere mmasị na ndị ọkachamara na eto eto, na inye ohere iji kpalie ha ma zụlite nkà idu ndú ha. Alaka ntọala SEDS South Africa bụ Mahadum Cape Town, SEDS-SA-UCT. Alaka gụnyere:

* SEDS-SA-Wits,
* SEDS-SA-UP, na
* SEDS-SA-UCT.

### SEDS India
  
SEDS-India bụ òtù na achị SEDS na India na isi ụlọ ọrụ ya na Vellore Institute of Technology. Pradeep Mohandas na Abhishek Ray guzobere SEDS India na 2004. E guzobere isi nke mbụ na Mumbai na PIIT, New Panvel. SEDS India na achịkwa isi ndị mmekọ na India na mahadum dị iche iche, gụnyere Vellore Institute of Technology, Veltech University, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani-Goa, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College na SASTRA University. Kọmitii nke mpaghara na achịkwa ihe gbasara isi nke na akọ akụkọ na Executive Board nke SEDS India. Ndị isi oche nke SEDS India nwere ndị otu isii a họpụtara site na usoro ịtụ vootu, na ndị otu SEDSIndia niile ruru eru ịtụ vootu. Onye nlekọta na adịgide adịgide nke SEDS India bụ Geetha Manivasagam, Vellore Institute of Technology. Kọmitii ndụmọdụ ahụ nwere ọtụtụ ndị isi na bọọdụ ya, gụnyere onye isi nchịkwa nke Vikram Sarabhai Space Center.

A na akpọ usoro mgbasa ozi nke SEDS India OneSpace. E guzobere OneSpace iji gbasaa mmata banyere na itinye aka na ohere n'etiti ụmụaka nọ n'ime ime obodo India na ụmụaka bi n'ụlọ ụmụ mgbei. SEDS India emeela mgbalị iji gbasaa n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ India, ebe ịnweta agụmakwụkwọ mbara igwe na ọrụ teknụzụ siri ike karị. A duziri mgbalị ndị a site n'enyemaka nke Angaraj Duara, onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Maharishi Vidyamandir Shilpukhuri, Guwahati, ma guzobe isi asaa na Assam. Ha bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze Narangi, Sharla Birla Gyan Jyoti School Guwahati, IIT-Guwahati, Handique Girls College, Royal Global Institute - RSET Guwahati. SEDS-APSN bụ isi nke mbụ n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ India. Otu SEDS-NorthEast na achịkwa ọrụ dị iche iche n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ.

### SEDS (Singapore)
  
SEDS (Singapore), nke Vairavan Ramanathan na Nick Lee si na Mahadum National nke Singapore na Mahadim Nkà na ụzụ Nanyang guzobere na Julaị 2019, bụ nke mbụ na naanị ụlọ ọrụ mba na nke ọchụnta ego na Singapore. Ebumnuche nke SEDS Singapore bụ inye ụmụ akwụkwọ si n'agbụrụ niile dị na Singapore ikpo okwu iji sonye na mmalite nke oge ọhụụ.

Currently, there are 3 SEDS chapters under SEDS (Singapore). NUS SEDS based in National University of Singapore. SEDS-NTU based in Nanyang Technological University. SEDS-SUTD based in Singapore University of Technology and Design.

Ọrụ SEDS na arụ ugbu a (Singapore):

### SEDS Sri Lanka

Òtù na ahụ maka ihe ndị dị na mbara igwe na Sri Lanka, SEDS Sri Lanka na enye ọtụtụ ohere maka ụmụaka ụlọ akwụkwọ na anụ ọkụ n'obi na ụmụ akwụkwọ mahadum. Tọrọ ntọala na Septemba 2018 site n'aka onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'oge ahụ, Amila Sandun Basnayake na onye gụsịrị Akwụkwọ, Thilan Harshana, ugbu a isi nzukọ SEDS Sri Lanka na achị isi 16 e guzobere n'okpuru ya. Site n'ọtụtụ mahadum gọọmentị na nke onwe, yana isi dị iche maka ụmụaka ụlọ akwụkwọ aha ha bụ SEDS Juniors, a na eme ọtụtụ ihe omume n'afọ niile.

Na agbanwe ngwa ngwa n'ime ikpo okwu agwaetiti niile nke na enye maka agụmakwụkwọ, na enye ohere maka isonye na ihe omume dị iche iche, ọchịchọ ndị ọzọ na agụmakwụkwọ na agụmakọta, yana usoro dị mma iji nyochaa akụkụ niile metụtara ụgbọ elu na aerospace, SEDS Sri Lanka bụ ebe zuru oke maka onye ọ bụla ịzụlite mmasị ha na mpaghara a.

A na anọchite anya ohere ndị a n'ọtụtụ ụzọ dịka ma n'ebe ma n'ịntanetị, SEDS Space Talks, asọmpi na ụmụ amaala sayensị na mmemme agụmakwụkwọ maka juniors. N'etiti ndị a, ọ dị mkpa iburu n'uche balloon mbụ dị elu nke Sri Lanka, n'okpuru ọrụ SERENDIB 1.0, Hackathon, NASA Space Apps nke e mere na njikọ aka na NASA, na ọtụtụ ịchụ nta asteroid nke e mere ya na Pan-STARRS.

### SEDS Philippines
SEDS Philippines (SEDSPH) bụ isi nke Philippine nke Students for the Exploration and Development of Space ma ọ bụ SEDS. Ọ bụ òtù na enweghị uru nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na eduzi, nke na arụ ọrụ iji kwalite echiche nke nyocha mbara igwe na teknụzụ mbara igwe na mba ahụ, na enye ụmụ akwụkwọ obodo nwere mmasị na mbara igwe, na eweta ohere na netwọk ndị ga eme ka nkà ha dịkwuo mma, na akwalite uto na obi ike n'etiti ha, ma na enye mmetụta ha na ngalaba mbara igwe ike. 

Iji mee ka ọrụ ndị a sie ike, SEDSPH na-ezube ịmepụta ohere mpaghara na nke mba ụwa maka ụmụ akwụkwọ Filipino na ụlọ ọrụ mbara igwe.

### SEDS nke Masedonia
Macedonian Students for the Exploration and Development of Space (MK-SEDS / МК-СИРК) bụ òtù na achịkwa mba na mpaghara maka SEDS Chapters na Macedonia na Europe.

MK-SEDS malitere na 2019 dị ka ụlọ ọrụ Macedonian Cosmic Institute nke onwe ya na nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na achịkwa na Ss. Mahadum Cyril na Methodius dị na Skopje na mbido ụmụ akwụkwọ ole na ole.N'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2020, ụmụ akwụkwọ, ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ndị na eto eto na ndị ntorobịa si Ss.  Mahadum Cyril na Methodius nke Skopje, Mahadum Goce Delchev nke Shtip na Mahadum St. Kliment Ohridski nke Bitola jikọtara ọnụ na ebumnuche ha ịnọchite anya ike nke Ezi, Ịma mma na Eziokwu na obodo mbara igwe nke mbara ala Ụwa nabatara mkpebi maka ndebanye aha nke STUDENTS Macedonian maka Nkọwapụta na Nkwupụta nke Oghere.

Isi ụlọ ọrụ na adịgide adịgide maka MK-SEDS bi na Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Ss. Ngalaba sayensị kọmputa na injinia, Ss. Mahadum Cyril na Methodius na Skopje.

### SEDS Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe nwere ọtụtụ isi SEDS na mahadum ya ndị bụ isi bụ Mahadum Zimbabwe, Mahadum National nke Sayensị na Teknụzụ, Mahadum Midlands State na Mahadum Chinhoyi nke Teknụzụ. O see isi SEDS nke na achọ iwebata mbara igwe nye ụmụ akwụkwọ nọ n'akwụkwọ akwụkwọ. Na Disemba 2021, SEDS MSU bụ otu n'ime ndị otu iri n'ụwa ga abụ nke Global Satellite Tracking Initiative ebe ha na anata ngwá ọrụ iji guzobe ụlọ ọrụ ala na Mahadum Midlands State.

## Ndị isi ụmụ akwụkwọ a ma ama

* Jeff Bezos, Princeton
* Eric C. Anderson, Co-Founder na Chairman nke Virginia-based Space Adventures, Ltd., ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ elu ụgbọ elu azụmahịa mbụ - mgbe ọ debanyere aha dị ka nwa akwụkwọ na Mahadum Virginia, ọ malitere isi nke Students for the Exploration and Development of Space. [1]

## Hụkwa

* Ebe dị n'èzí
* N'abalị Yuri
* Ntọala Space Frontier
* National Space Society
* Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ala
* Òtù Mars
* Ebe Ọmụmụ Ihe Ọhụrụ
* Peter Diamandis
* Robert D. Richards
* Todd B. Hawley

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị 
* Map nke SEDS Isiokwu n'ụwa niile
* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ SEDS-APSN
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations