Asụsụ Neapolitan

**Neapolitan** ( autonym :   ; Italian   ) bụ asụsụ Romance nke otu Italo-Romance a na-asụ n'ọtụtụ mpaghara ndịda Italytali . A na-akpọ ya aha Alaeze nke Naples, bụ nke kpuchiri ọtụtụ mpaghara, na obodo Naples bụ isi obodo ya. Na 14 Ọktoba 2008, iwu sitere na mpaghara Campania kwuru na a ga-echekwa Neapolitan. 

Ọ bụ ezie na ndị asụsụ bụ obodo nke ukwuu nke continental Southern Italy ma ọ bụ na mbụ Alaeze Naples, okwu *Neapolitan*, *napulitano* ma ọ bụ *napoletano* nwekwara ike kama na-ezo aka ọzọ narrowly na kpọmkwem iche iche na-asụ nwa amaala n'obodo Naples na ozugbo gburugburu Naples mepere emepe na mpaghara Campania. Edemede dị ugbu a na-ekwukarị gbasara ụdị dị iche iche a, nke nwere ugwu ugwu ma nwee ihe akaebe edere n'akụkọ ihe mere eme.  

## Nkesa
[thumb| Ọkà okwu Neapolitan, e dekọrọ na [Italy|Ịtali]]
thumb| 1895 egwu na Neapolitan.
N'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ihi oke njem ndịda Ịtali na njedebe narị afọ nke 19 na narị afọ nke 20, e nwekwara ọtụtụ ndị na-asụ Neapolitan na obodo ndị Italy na United States, Canada, Australia, Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Mexico, na Venezuela  . Otú ọ dị, na United States, Neapolitan omenala enweela mmekọrịta dị ukwuu na Bekee na asụsụ Sicilian nke Sicilian na Calabrian kwabatara na-asụ n'akụkụ Neapolitan na-asụ mbata na ya mere Neapolitan na US dị nnọọ iche ugbu a na Neapolitan nke oge a na-asụ na Naples.  . A na-ejikarị okwu Bekee eme ihe n'ọnọdụ okwu Neapolitan, karịsịa n'etiti ndị na-asụ ọgbọ nke abụọ  . N'aka nke ọzọ, mmetụta nke Standard Italian na Neapolitan dị n'Ịtali abụrụla nke a n'ihi mmụba nke Neapolitan nke Standard Italian na-ekwu kwa ụbọchị.  .

## Nhazi
thumb| Giambattista Basile (1566–1632), onye dere nchịkọta akụkọ ifo na Neapolitan nke gụnyere ụdị ''Rapunzel'' na ''Cinderella'' ndị mbụ ama ama.
Neapolitan bụ asụsụ Romance ma a na-ewere ya dị ka akụkụ nke Southern Italo-Romance. Enwere ọdịiche pụtara ìhè n'etiti olumba dị iche iche, mana ha niile na-aghọta nke ọma.

Ịtali na Neapolitan nwere nghọta dị n'otu, dabere na ihe mmetụta na asụsụ. Enwere ọdịiche dị n'asụsụ dị iche iche, dị ka Neapolitan nwere aha n'ụdị neuter na nhazi dị iche iche pụrụ iche, yana mmepe nke ụda olu akụkọ ihe mere eme, bụ nke na-ekpuchikarị nghọta nke ihe ndị dị n'okwu.

Evolushọn ya adịla ka nke Italian na asụsụ Romance ndị ọzọ sitere na mgbọrọgwụ ha na Vulgar Latin . Ọ nwere ike na-egosipụta substratum nke Latin Oscan tupu oge, dị ka n'ịkpọpụta *d* ụda dị ka ụda *r* ( rhotacism ) na mmalite nke okwu ma ọ bụ n'etiti ụdaume abụọ: eg *doje* (nwanyị) ma ọ bụ *duje* (nwoke), nke pụtara "abụọ", na-akpọ ya, ma na-asụgharịkarị, dị ka *roje* / *ruje* ; *vedé* ("ịhụ") dị ka *veré*, ma na-asụpekarị ya; nakwa *cadé* / *caré* ("ịda") na *Madonna* / *Maronna* .  Ihe ọzọ a na-ekwu na mmetụta Oscan bụ nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụyọkọ consonant  dị ka , akpọ  (nke a na-egosipụtakarị n'ịsụpe okwu mgbe niile: munno vs Italian mondo "ụwa"; quanno vs Italian quando "mgbe"), yana mmepe nke  dị ka  ~  ( tammuro vs Italian tamburo "drum"), na-egosipụtakwa mgbe niile na mkpope. Mmetụta ndị ọzọ nke substratum Oscan ka ebisara, mana nkwupụta substratum bụ nnukwu arụmụka. Dị ka n'ọtụtụ asụsụ ndị ọzọ na Ịtali Peninsula, Neapolitan nwere adstratum nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu site na asụsụ Romance ndị ọzọ ( Catalan, Spanish na Franco-Provençal karịa ihe niile), asụsụ German na Grik (ma oge ochie na nke oge a). Ọ dịtụbeghị mgbe a haziri asụsụ ahụ, ma okwu maka *osisi* nwere nsụgharị atọ dị iche iche: arbero, arvero na àvaro .

Neapolitan enwewo ọmarịcha akwụkwọ akụkọ, egwu egwu na akụkọ ihe nkiri (dịka Giambattista Basile, Eduardo Scarpetta, nwa ya nwoke Eduardo De Filippo, Salvatore Di Giacomo na Totò ). N'ihi ihe nketa a na ọrụ egwu nke Renato Carosone na 1950, Neapolitan ka na-eji egwu egwu na-ewu ewu, ọbụna na-enweta mgbasa ozi mba na abụ nke Pino Daniele na Nuova Compagnia di Canto Popolare .

Asụsụ ahụ enweghị ọkwa gọọmentị n'ime Italy ma a naghị akụzi ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ. Mahadum Naples Federico II na-enye (site na 2003) nkuzi na Campanian Dialectology na ngalaba nke Sociology, nke ebumnuche ya abụghị ịkụziri ụmụ akwụkwọ ka ha asụ asụsụ ahụ kama ịmụ akụkọ ihe mere eme, ojiji, akwụkwọ na ọrụ mmekọrịta ya. A na-enwekwa mbọ ndị omebe iwu na-aga n'ihu n'ọkwa mba ka a mata ya dị ka asụsụ obere obodo Italy. Ọ bụ asụsụ kọmitii ndụmọdụ nkwonkwo nke ISO 639 amaara ama nwere koodu asụsụ ISO 639-3 nke *ụra* .

Nke a bụ ịkpọ okwu IPA nke Neapolitan a na-asụ n'obodo Naples:
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|hallowed be thy name
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|Thy kingdom come,
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|Thy will be done,
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|on earth as it is in heaven.
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|Give us this day our daily bread
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|and forgive us our trespasses
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|as we forgive those who trespass against us,
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|and lead us not into temptation,
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|but deliver us from evil.
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|Amen.
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## Alphabet na ịkpọ okwu
Akwụkwọ edemede Neapolitan nwere mkpụrụedemede Latin 22. Dị nnọọ ka akwụkwọ akụkọ Italian, ọ dịghị *k,* *w,* *x,* ma ọ bụ *y* n'agbanyeghị na enwere ike ịhụ mkpụrụedemede ndị a na ụfọdụ okwu mba ọzọ; N'adịghị ka Ịtali, o nwere mkpụrụedemede *j* . Ntuziaka ịkpọ okwu Bekee ndị a dabere na mkpọkpọ okwu nke America, na ụkpụrụ ndị e ji mee ihe nwere ike ọ gaghị emetụta n'olumba ndị ọzọ. (Lekwakwa: chaatị mkpụrụedemede ụdaolu mba ofesi maka olumba bekee .)

Asụsụ Romance niile nwere njikọ chiri anya. Ọ bụ ezie na Neapolitan na-ekere òkè dị elu nke okwu ya na Italian, asụsụ gọọmentị nke Ịtali, ọdịiche dị na ịkpọ okwu nwere ike ime ka njikọ ahụ ghara ịmata ndị na-enweghị ihe ọmụma nke Neapolitan. Nke kacha pụta ìhè Ọdịiche ụda olu bụ nke Neapolitan na-ebelata ụdaume ndị na-edochaghị anya n'ime schwa ( *schwa* ka  akpọ *a* in *about* or the *u* in *on* ). [ a ] Otú ọ dị, ọ ga-ekwe omume (na ụfọdụ ndị Neapolitans) na-asụ Italian ọkọlọtọ na "olu nke Neapolitan"; ya bụ, site n'ịkpọ ụdaume na-enweghị nrụgide dị ka schwa ma ọ bụ site n'ịkpọ mkpụrụedemede s dị ka [ ʃ ] (dị ka *sh* in *ship* ) kama [ s ] (dị ka *s* n'oké *osimiri* ma ọ bụ *ss* na *ngafe* ) mgbe akwụkwọ ozi na-anọchite anya /s / nọ n'ọnọdụ mbụ na-esote consonant, ma ọ bụghị mgbe ọ na-esote eze /at / occlus nke dị ọcha. asụsụ) mana site n'iji ụdị okwu na grammatical nke Italian.

Ya mere, ebe ịkpọ okwu na-enye ihe mgbochi kachasị ike na nghọta , ụtọ asụsụ Neapolitan bụ ihe na-eme ka ọ dị iche na Ịtali. Na Neapolitan, dịka ọmụmaatụ, nwoke na nwanyị na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke okwu ka a na-egosipụta site na mgbanwe na ụdaume ụda olu n'ihi na ọ naghịzi egosi ọdịiche nke ikpeazụ unstressed /a /, /e / na /o / (eg *l *'uo** ngo'' , ''l **o** nga''  ; Ịtali ''akpa ume **o***, ''akpa ume '''a*** ; mask. "ogologo", fem. "ogologo"), ebe n'asụsụ Italian ọ na-egosipụta site na mgbanwe na ụdaume ikpeazụ. Ndị a na ndị ọzọ morpho-syntactic iche iche asụsụ Neapolitan si Italian asụsụ na Neapolitan accent.

AwaNeapolitan enweela mmetụta dị ukwuu na ntinye nke Rioplatense Spanish a na-asụ na Buenos Aires na mpaghara Argentina gbara ya gburugburu na mba Uruguay dum. 

### Udaume
Ọ bụ ezie na e nwere nanị ụdaume ise eserese na Neapolitan, na ụda ụda, e nwere asatọ. Udaume mgbasiri ike  na  nwere ike ịbụ " emechi " ma ọ bụ " meghere " na ịkpọ okwu dị iche maka abụọ ahụ. Ụda olu ili ( , ,  ) a na-eji egosipụta ụdaume mepere emepe, na ụda olu ( , , ,  ) a na-eji egosipụta ụdaume mechiri emechi, yana ọzọ  na  . Otú ọ dị, a naghị ejikarị akara ụda olu eme ihe n'ezie n'asụsụ nke okwu ma e wezụga mgbe ha na-eme na nkeji ikpeazụ nke okwu, dị ka , , ma ọ bụ , na mgbe ha pụtara n'ebe a n'ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ, ọ bụ nanị iji gosi ebe nrụgide, ma ọ bụ ụda olu dara n'okwu ụfọdụ. Ọzọkwa, a na-eji sekọmfleksị ahụ akara ụdaume ogologo ebe ọ na-agaghị eme (dịka  "Ị bụ").

### Consonants

### Consonants mbụ agbagoro okpukpu abụọ
Na Neapolitan, ọtụtụ oge consonant mbụ nke okwu na-abawanye okpukpu abụọ. A na-akpọ nke a *raddoppiamento sintattico* n'asụsụ Italian dịka ọ na-emetụtakwa ụda olu Ịtali .

* Aha otutu umunwanyi nile, nke bu okwu di nma nke nwanyi buru ya ụzọ, , ma ọ bụ nkọwapụta ọtụtụ nke nwanyị ọ bụla, ejirila consonant mbụ ha okpukpu abụọ.
* Aha niile neuter singular singular, mgbe a na-ebute ya ụzọ n'ihu na neuter singular definite article, , ma ọ bụ site na njiri mara otu neuter, mee ka mgbaama mbụ ha okpukpu abụọ.
* Na mgbakwunye, okwu ndị ọzọ na-ebutekwa nke a okpukpu abụọ. N'okpuru ebe a bụ ndepụta okwu na-akpalite okpukpu abụọ nke consonant mbụ nke okwu na-esonụ.

Agbanyeghị, mgbe enwere nkwụsịtụ ka okwu "kpalite" gachara, ụda ụda anaghị eme ugboro abụọ (dịka , "Ị bụ nwata", ebe  bụ okwu "akpalite" na-ebute okpukpu abụọ nke consonant mbụ na , ma n'okwu a  "Olee ebe i si, nwa?", enweghị okpukpu abụọ na-apụta. Ọ dịghịkwa enwe ike ime ugboro abụọ mgbe consonant mbụ na-esochi consonant ọzọ (na-abụghị  ma ọ bụ  ), eg  "asụsụ Italian", ma  "asụsụ Spanish", ebe  bụ neuter definite isiokwu). Ihe a na-eme ugboro abụọ na-eme na ụda olu (na ịkpọ okwu), ọ dịghịkwa mkpa ka a na-asụpe ya ugboro abụọ na mkpope. Otu ihe ahụ na-eme n'asụsụ Ịtali, ebe ọtụtụ okwu na-akpalite consonant ugboro abụọ, eg  mana , , wdg.

#### Okwu ndị na-akpalite ịkpọpụta ugboro abụọ
thumb| Viola Carofalo yi uwe T-shirt na Neapolitan  ("Ana m ara.")

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## Hụkwa
 

* Asụsụ Italy
* Asụsụ oscan
* Asụsụ Sicilian

## Ntụaka

## Isi mmalite ndị ọzọ

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*  First Course of Neapolitan Language according to the QCER CEFR with the Patronage of City of Naples realized by Dr.Massimiliano Verde "Corso di Lingua e Cultura Napoletana" with a document of study in Neapolitan Language by Dr.Verde

Akwụkwọ mbụ ọha na eze n'asụsụ Neapolitan nke narị afọ XXI dị ka ederede Dr.Verde; Map ndị njem nlegharị anya nke Obodo III nke Naples n'asụsụ Neapolitan:

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## Njikọ mpụga

* UNESCO ghọtara Neapolitan (in Italian)
* Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Websters Online Neapolitan–Bekee
* Map nke asụsụ na-emekọrịta ihe na Italy
* Ụlọ ọrụ redio dị n'ịntanetị nke Neapolitan
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* Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu n'ịntanetị enwere ike ịchọ Italian-Neapoli
* Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Neapolitan na Global Lexicostatistical Database
* Grammar primer na ọtụtụ okwu maka asụsụ Neapolitan nke Torre del Greco
* Asụsụ na omenala Neapolitan (in Italian)
* Nkọwa nkọwa na Neapolitan Italian nke Francesco Cangemi dere. Berlin: Ndị nta akụkọ Sayensị Asụsụ. pp.&nbsp;187 Nbudata n'efu.
* Consegnato il primo Certificato Europeo di Lingua Napoletana (in Italian)
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