Kanzashi

thumb|Ụdị tsumami kanzashi nke oge a nke maiko (onye mmụta geisha) na-eyi maka ọnwa Jenụwarị
Kanzashi (簪) bụ ihe ịchọ mma ntutu isi nke a na-eji na edozi isi nke ndị Japan.  Okwu kanzashi na-ezo aka n'ụdị ngwa dị iche iche, gụnyere ogologo ntutu isi siri ike, barrettes, ifuru akwa na njikọ ntutu isi. 

N'ụwa ndị na-asụ Bekee, a na-ejikarị okwu kanzashi na-ezo aka n'ihe ịchọ mma ntutu isi nke e ji akwa akwa apịaji emepụta okooko osisi (tsumami kanzashi), ma ọ bụ usoro mpịachi eji eme ifuru.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
A na-eji Kanzashi mee ihe na mbụ na Japan n'oge oge Jōmon.  N'oge ahụ, a na-ewere iyi otu mkpara ma ọ bụ mkpanaka dị mkpa ka ọ na-enwe ike ịchụpụ ndị mmụọ ọjọọ, ebe ndị mmadụ na-eyi ha na ntutu isi maka ihe nchebe.  Oge Jōmon hụkwara iwebata ntutu isi.

N'oge Nara, e webatara akụkụ dịgasị iche iche nke ọdịbendị China na ihe dị iche iche na Japan site na azụmahịa na ndị nnọchi anya. Ihe ndị e si China weghachite gụnyere ntutu isi ndị China (zan, ː; e ji otu mkpụrụedemede ndị China dị ka kanzashi dee), n'etiti ihe ịchọ mma ntutu ndị ọzọ dị ka combs ndị China.

N'oge Heian, ụdị ntutu isi gbanwere site na iyi ruo na iyi ogologo, ma kee ya azụ n'ụzọ dị ala. N'oge a, a malitere iji okwu kanzashi mee ihe dị ka okwu n'ozuzu maka ihe ịchọ mma ntutu ọ bụla, gụnyere combs na hairpins. 

N'oge Azuchi-Momoyama, ụdị ntutu gbanwere site na taregami (垂 Hair, "ntutu na-anọdụ ala") style, gaa na ụdị dịgasị iche iche na-eyi - ndị bu ụzọ nke ụdị nihongami nke oge a, nke na-ejikarị ihe ịchọ mma  eme ihe.

Kanzashi came into wider use during the Edo period, when hairstyles became larger and more complicated, using a larger number of ornaments. Artisans began to produce more finely crafted products, including some hair ornaments that could be used as defensive weapons.  During the latter part of the Edo period, the craftsmanship of kanzashi is considered to have reached a high point, with a number of styles and designs created, many of which persist to the modern day.

### Oge ugbua
N'oge a, a naghị eyi ụdị ntutu isi ọdịnala ndị Japan, ọ bụ naanị ndị geisha, maiko, ndị na-agba mgba sumo, ndị na'alụ nwanyị ọhụrụ, ndị tayū na ndị na-eme ihe ngosi nke oge a, na geisha, ndị na -alụ nwanyị ọhụrụ.

N'ihi nke a, mmadụ ole na ole na-eyi kanzashi na ụdị ntutu isi ọdịnala. Otú ọ dị, kanzashi nwere ike ịbụ, ma ka na-eyi, na ntutu isi kwa ụbọchị dị ka ihe eji achọ ntutu isi dị mfe; enwere ọtụtụ ụdị na ụdị nke iyi kanzashi, yana ụdị nke oge a na-eyi dị ka ihe ntutu isi a na-ahụkarị na nke a ma ama. N'afọ 1982, a họpụtara tsumami kanzashi dị ka ọrụ aka ọdịnala ndị Japan na mpaghara Tokyo.

## Ọrụ aka
Ndị ọkachamara kanzashi na-enwekarị ọzụzụ ọdịnala afọ ise ruo afọ iri iji mụta ọrụ ahụ. N'otu aka ahụ na combs eji mepụta ụdị ntutu nihongami, ọ bụ naanị ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke ndị ọrụ aka kanzashi a zụrụ azụ ka a hapụrụ na-azụ ahịa n'ime Japan; site na 2002 ruo 2010, ọnụ ọgụgụ ha na mba ahụ belatara site na 15 ruo ise.

Otú ọ dị, usoro tsumami kanzashi nke akwa akwa kanzashi a fụchiri afụchi aghọwo ọrụ aka a ma ama n'etiti ndị na-eme ihe ntụrụndụ, yana ọtụtụ akwụkwọ, ihe na nkuzi dị na isiokwu ahụ, site na isi mmalite dị ka Tsumami Kanzashi Museum na Shinjuku. Ụfọdụ ndị na-eme ihe ntụrụndụ agafeela usoro mmụta ọdịnala iji guzobe onwe ha dị ka ndị omenkà onwe ha nke tsumami kanzashi na Japan.

## Ụdị ndi
Kanzashi are fabricated from a wide range of materials, such as lacquered wood, gold and silver plated metal, tortoiseshell, silk, and recently, plastic. Early plastic kanzashi made out of materials such as bakelite are considered to be highly valued as collectables.

E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị kanzashi dị mkpa, na-eyi nke ọ bụla na omenala na-agbaso usoro oge; Otú ọ dị, n'oge a, ọ bụ naanị ndị geisha, ndị na-amụ ha, tayū, ndị na'egwuregwu oiran na ejiji maka egwuregwu kabuki na-ahụ maka iji kanzashi oge. Ojiji nke kanzashi iji gosipụta afọ na ọnọdụ nke ọma bụ omenala nke naanị geisha na maiko. 

Maka maiko, ogo, ọdịdị, ụdị dị iche iche na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke kanzashi nwere ike igosi ogo na ọkwa mmụta, nke a na-eji na ọtụtụ ụdị ntutu isi dị iche iche n'oge mmụta. Ọ bụ ezie na geisha na-eyi kanzashi oge, nke a na-ejikarị mgbanwe na agba nke tama kanzashi.

### Ụdị ejiji ndị bụ isi
N'agbanyeghị oge na (n'ihe atụ nke bridalwear) mgbanwe oge ụfọdụ, ọtụtụ kanzashi ndị a na-adịghị ele anya dị ka tsumami kanzashi na-adaba n'otu n'ime ọtụtụ ọdịdị na ọdịdị.

### Ụdị ejiji ndị ọzọ
Ọtụtụ ụdị ndị ọzọ nke kanzashi dịkwa, ọ bụ ezie na a na-eyi ha naanị maka ụdị ntutu isi a na-adịghị ahụkebe, dịka maiko na mpaghara geisha ụfọdụ ma ọ bụ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri kabuki ụfọdụ.

thumb|Kanzashi nke Disemba nke gosipụtara akara aha abụọ na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ihe ngosi na-egosi hana kanzashi nke oge maiko na-eyi, site na Jenụwarị ruo Afọ Ọhụrụ
Tsumami kanzashi – literally meaning "pinched kanzashi" – are traditional kanzashi made of squares of dyed or printed silk, folded into a number of shapes to represent flowers, plants and animals. 

A na-agbakọta square ọ bụla ọtụtụ ugboro site n'enyemaka nke tweezers ma na-agbanye ya na ntọala site na iji eriri osikapa. Akụkụ tsumami kanzashi a rụchara arụcha nwere ike ịnwe ihe ọ bụla site na ise ruo 75 square nke silk ma ọ bụ karịa. Ebumnuche nke Tsumami kanzashi bụ ịnọchite anya osisi ma ọ bụ anụmanụ ha na-ese onyinyo; a maara tsumami kanza na-ese okooko osisi dị ka hana kanzashi (nke pụtara "flow kanzashi").

Hana kanzashi are usually made from a cluster of tsumami kanzashi flowers, and may include bira-bira-style strips of metal or long streamers of petals dangling from the main kanzashi piece. Maiko are well-known for wearing hana kanzashi that are typically larger than average.

N'ozuzu, a na-eyi hana kanzashi abụọ abụọ, otu n'akụkụ ọ bụla nke isi, mgbe mgbe na kushi na-agbakwunye. A na-agbakọta okooko osisi ndị ahụ na mgbidi ígwè ma ọ bụ katọn nke a na-agbanye na waya ma na-agwakọta ọnụ iji mee ụyọkọ na nhazi ndị ọzọ. A na-emepụta nkọwa ndị ọzọ nke stamens site na iji mizuhiki, eriri siri ike, nke dị nro nke e ji akwụkwọ washi mee, nke a na-ejikarị agba ma jiri ya mee ihe ịchọ mma. 

Geisha, na karịsịa maiko, na-eyi hana kanzashi dị iche iche maka ọnwa ọ bụla n'afọ.

### Ihe osise tsumami kanzashi
Hana kanzashi are highly seasonal, though typically the only people in Japan who follow the seasons closely enough to register seasonal changes are geisha and their apprentices. Since maiko wear more elaborate kanzashi than their senior geisha, seasonal changes are even more important for them.

* **January** – The design of January  usually has an auspicious New Years' theme.  is a popular choice – a combination of pine (), bamboo () and plum blossoms () in green, red and white. Other popular motifs are sparrows (), spinning tops and battledore paddles ().
* **February** – Usually trailing deep pink or red plum blossoms, said to symbolise young love and the approach of spring. Another less common theme is the pinwheel and the flowerball () that is worn for Setsubun.
* **March** – Trailing yellow and white rapeseed flowers () and butterflies, as well as peach blossoms (), narcissus (), camellia () and peonies (). A rare  featuring dolls that are used to celebrate the  (Girl's Day Festival) can also be seen during this month.
* **April** – Trailing soft pink cherry blossoma () mixed with butterflies and  lanterns, signalling the approach of summer. Cherry blossom viewing at this time of year is a major cultural event in Japan.  consisting of a single silver (or sometimes gold) butterfly () made of  cord are common.
* **May** – Trailing purple wisteria () and flag irises (), usually in blue or pink. Irises denote the height of spring while wisteria is a flower often associated with the Imperial Court (wisteria viewing parties have been celebrated by Japanese nobles since the Heian period).
* **June** – Trailing green willow () leaves with carnations/pinks (), or less commonly hydrangea () flowers. This month is the rainy season in Japan, and therefore willow (a water-loving tree) and blue hydrangeas are appropriate.
* **July** –  featuring a display of fans (usually round  fans, but occasionally folding  fans) are featured. The fans refer to the Gion Festival which takes place at this time. The motifs featured on a 's fan  vary each year, in line with the festival. There are common themes such as dragonflies and lines denoting swirling water. Other  worn during July are fireworks  and dewdrops on grass ().
* **August** – Large morning glory () or  grass. The  grass appears as a starburst of spines made of silvered paper. Senior  wear white-backed silver petals and junior  wear pink-backed silver petals.
* **September** – Japanese bellflower (). The purple tones are traditionally associated with autumn. Often these will be mixed with bush clover.
* **October** – Chrysanthemum (). These are well loved in Japan and are a symbol of the Imperial Family. Senior  will wear one large flower while junior  will wear a cluster of small flowers. Typical colours include pink, white, red, yellow, and purple.
* **November** – Trailing autumnal leaves that are usually composed of the very popular Japanese maple. Maple viewing is the autumnal equivalent of cherry blossom viewing in Japan. Ginkgo and liquidambar leaves are also seen.
* **December** – The Japanese make  at this time of year, and often decorate trees with them to represent white flowers. It is thought to be good luck to wear  featuring , or rice-cake flowers. December  also feature two , name plates used by kabuki actors, which are initially blank. Traditionally,  visit the Minamiza Theatre and ask two of their favourite kabuki actors to autograph them with their kabuki *nom de plume*.  for senior  feature green bamboo leaves while junior  have a colourful assortment of lucky charms.
* **New Year** – At this time of year all  and geisha wear un-husked ears of rice in their hairstyles ( wear it on the right while geisha wear it on the left). These  also feature eyeless white doves. The  and geisha fill in one eye and ask somebody they like to draw the other for good luck in the coming year.

## Hụkwa zie

* Akpụkpọ isi ndị China
* Binyeo
* Comb
* Ogwe ntutu isi
* Ntutu isi
* Shubi – Chinese combs

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ụlọ ọrụ kanzashi nke Kuniko Kanawa, onye ọrụ aka Edo Tsumami Kanzashi
* Ụdị ntutu isi nke Kyoto Maiko, site na Immortal Geisha
* Kanzashi-Core Long guzo kanzashi site nke onye na-ese ihe Vivien Hoffpauir.
* Akụkọ Kanzashi (n'asụsụ Japanese)
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations