Joe Minter

**Joe Minter** (amụrụ n'ubochí irí abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Machị, 1943) bụ ónyé America na-ese ihe na Birmingham, Alabama.

## Oge ọ malitere
A mụrụ Minter na Birmingham, Alabama, nwá nke asatọ n'ime ezinụlọ nke mmadụ iri. Nnà ya bụ ónyé na-arụzi ụgbọala n'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ, mana mgbè agha ahụ gasịrị, ọ pụghị ịchọta ọrụ n'ọhịa ya. Nná Minter rụrụ ọrụ afọ iri atọ dị ka onye nlekọta nke ili ozu ndị ọcha. Joe Minter gárá ụlọ akwụkwọ Birmingham, e debara aha ya na 1965 ma hapụ ya na 1967. Mgbè ndị agha gachara, Minter were ọtụtụ ọrụ na-akwụ ụgwọ dị ala, site na ónyé na-asa efere na ụgbọala, ruo onye ozi na ọrụ ụlọ ọgwụ dị n'usoro. Minter rụkwara ọrụ na ọla, rụọ oche ụlọ akwụkwọ, rụọ ọrụ na ụgbọala, yana ndị ọrụ na-ewu okporo ụzọ. N'ihi ọrụ mmepụta ya, Minter nwetara ájá asbestos n'anya ya n'afọ ndị 1960 na afọ ndị 1970. Minter nwèrè otu anya na-arụ ọrụ iji mee ka asbestos dị n'etiti; Otú ọ dị, ọ gaghị ekwe ka ndị dọkịta rụọ ọrụ n'anya nke ọzọ. Minter enwetụbeghị mmetụta nke ike n'anya ya ma manye ya ịla ezumike nká. Mgbè ọ lara ezumike nká, Minter chọpụtara ọrụ nka nke na-adịghị arụ ọrụ kemgbe ọ bụ nwata.

## Ọrụ nka

### ''Obodo Africa na America''
N'ịbụ nke dị na nsọtụ ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke Birmingham, Alabama ma malite na ngwụcha afọ 1980 ma wuo ya n'ime afọ iri atọ, Ọbọdọ *Africa* nke Minter na America bụ akụkụ nke ogige ihe a tụrụ atụ, akụkụ nke ebe ngosi ihe mgbè ochie, na akụkụ nke ncheta. Ọbọdọ *Africa* dị na America bụ ebe nka na-agbanwe agbanwe, nke ihe ndị a tụrụ atụ nke e ji ihe mkpofu mee ma chọta ihe ndị sitere na akpụkpọ ụkwụ, ihe ịchọ mma ahịhịa, ihe egwuregwu, ihe egwuregwu ochie, na arịa ime achịcha, na ihe ndị ọzọ. Ọ bụ ezie na ihe ọkpụkpụ Minter nwere isiokwu na mmetụta dịgasị iche iche, site na otu na-echeta ịgba égbè ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị Sandy Hook ruo otu nke a raara nye ndị ajọ ifufe Katrina metụtara, ozi kachasị mkpa Minter bụ inye mmata màkà nde ndị Afrịka iri na otu e zigara America, yana ụmụ ha nyere aka iwu ma chebe America. Ihe ndị a tụrụ atụ n'ọbọdọ nta Africa dị na America na-akọ akụkọ banyéré ndị Africa America kemgbe ọtụtụ narị afọ, site na griots na ndị agha nke West Africa ruo na bọmbụ na-egbu egbu na 1963 na 16th Street Baptist Church.

### Ihe ngosi

* 2019 *Whitney Biennial* Whitney Museum of American Art nke Rujeko Hockley na Jane Panetta haziri
* 2018 Akụkọ ihe mere eme jụrụ ịnwụ: Ihe ndị dị mkpa sitere na mkpụrụ obi Grown Deep Foundation Gift - Metropolitan Museum of Art
* 2018 - Mkpughe: Ihe osise sitere na South African American - de Young Museum, San Francisco, CA
* 2018 - Joe Minter: Ozugbo Osimiri ahụ malitere ịba - Atlanta Contemporary, Atlanta, Georgia
* 2017 - *Usoro ihe ngosi nke Road Less Traveled*. Ebe ndị America: Art Environment Photography - The John Michael Kholer Arts Center, Sheboygan, WI
* 2015 - *Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme* A jụrụ Ịnwụ - Alabama Contemporary Art Center, Mobile, AL
* 2014 - *Mgbe kpakpando malitere ịda*: Imagination na American South - Studio Museum na Harlem, New York
* 2007 - Alabama Folk Art - Birmingham Museum of Art, Birmingham, Alabama
* 2004 - Na-abịa n'Ụlọ: Ndị na-ese ihe n'onwe ha, Bible, na American South - Art Museum nke Mahadum Memphis, Memphis, TN

### Nchịkọta na-adịgide adịgide

* Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY
* Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, D.C.
* Ebe ndebe ihe ochie Fine Arts nke San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
* High Museum of Art, Atlanta, GA
* Birmingham Museum of Art, Birmingham, AL
* Ụlọ Ọrụ Nkà nke Minneapolis

### Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ

* Finley, Cheryl; Griffey, Randall R.; Peck, Amelia; Pinckney, Darry. *Mkpụrụ obi m etolitela* miri emi: Black Art si South America. Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2018
* Anglin Burgard, Timothy (Editor), Thornton Dial (Onye nyere aka), Lonnie Holley (Onye nye aka), Joe Minter (Onye inye aka), Lauren Palmor (Onye na-enye aka). Mkpughe: Ihe osise sitere na South Africa America, Prestel, 2017
* Horace Randall Williams (Onye edemede), Karen Wilkin (Onye dere), Sharon Holland (Onye ode), William S. Arnett (Ntinye), Bernard Herman (Onye nyere aka). Akụkọ ihe mere eme jụrụ ịnwụ: Ihe nketa na-adịgide adịgide nke nka Africa America na Alabama, Tinwood Books, 2015
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ịbịa n'Ụlọ: Ndị na-akụzi onwe ha, Bible, na South America, Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi, 2004
* Conwill, Kinshasha; Danto, Arthur C.; *Ihe* akaebe: Vernacular Art of the African-American South. Harry N. Abrams, 2002
* Arnett, William na Paul Arnett, eds. *Mkpụrụ obi Grown Deep: African American Vernacular Art of the South, vol. Nke Abụọ*, Atlanta: Tinwood Books, 2001

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* soulsgrowndeep.org profaịlụ onye na-ese ihe
* Ihe osise ndị si n'èzí na-abịa na Metropolitan Museum
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ