Edwin Austin Abbey

thumb|Edwin Austin Abbey
Edwin Austin Abbey RA (Eprel 1, 1852 – Ọgọst 1, 1911) bụ onye omeiwu America, onye na-ese ihe na onye na-ese ihe.  Ọ gara nke ọma na nke ihe a na-akpọ ugbu a dị ka "afọọ edo" nke ihe atụ, ma mara ya nke ọma maka ọrụ ya na ihe ndị ọrụ nke Shakespearean na Victorian, yana maka ihe ọrụ nke nchichi nke.  Edward VII.  [1] [2] [3] Ihe osise ya kacha ama ama, The Quest and Achievement of the Holy Grail, na-achọ ọbá akwụkwọ na eze Boston mma.

## Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
thumb| Edwin Austin Abbey, ihe atụ 1888 nke John Singer Sargent nọ ugbu a na ndị nwe ihe ngosi nka nke Mahadum Yale.
A Masjid Abbey na Philadelphia, na onye 1, 1852 nye onye na-ere aha ahia William Maxwell Abbey na Margery Ann Kiple   

Ụlọ nka na Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts na Philadelphia n'okpuru Christian Schuesseleq

## Ọrụ
thumb| King Lear, Act I, Scene I (1897-1898) dị ugbu a na Metropolitan Museum of Art
Abbey nhụjuanya dị ka onye na-ese ihe, na-ọtụtụ ihe atụ na akwụkwọ ozi sketches, pịa Harper's Weekly (1871-1874) na Scribner's Magazine .  Ihe atụ ya ọdịdị ịpụta na Harper's Weekly tupu Abbey eruo afọ iri abụọ.  Ọ kwagara New York City na 1871. Ihe atụ ya nwere ike siri ike site na nka French na German nka oji na nke ọcha.  [1] O gosikwara ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ndị kacha ere, akụkọ Akụkọ ekeresimesi nke Charles Dickens (1875), Nhọrọ sitere na uri nke Robert Herrick (1882), na She Stoops to Conquer nke Oliver Goldsmith (1887).  Abbey gosikwara ihe ngosi anọ nke The Comedies of Shakespeare maka Harper & Brothers na 1896

Na 1878, ọ kwagara England n'ihi na nke ndị were ya n'aka ha chịkọta ihe maka ihe atụ nke abụ Robert Herrick, [1] e eserese na 1882, [2] wee biri na 1883 ruo mgbe ebi ebi. 

Na 1883, nchọpụta ya na Royal Institute of Painters in Water-Colours.  [1] N'ihe dị ka n'oge a, onye edemede America, SGW Benjamin, toro ya nke ọma:
 
O me ihe atụ maka Goldsmith's She Stoops to Conquer (1887), maka oke egwu ochie (1889), yana maka ihe ọchị (na ole na ole n'ime ihe) nke Shakespeare .  Otu n'ime agba mmiri ya bụ "Evil Eye" (1877), "Rose in October" (1879), "An Old Song" (1886), "The Visitors" (1890), na "The Jongleur" (1892).  .  .  O nwere ike ịbụ pastel ndị a kacha mara amara bụ "Beatrice", "Phyllis", na "Ndị Kinsmen amaghị Noble. 

N'afọ 1890, o jiri ihe osise sitere mee ihe ngosi nke mbụ ya, "A May Day Morn", na Royal Academy na London.  O taka "Richard Duke nke Gloucester na Lady Anne" n'ebe ahụ na 1896, na n'afọ ahụ ka a nchọpụta ARA, na onye òtù zuru ezu na 1898. [1] Ọ karin nri ala edo na ihe ngosi Pan-American.  ma nye ya ọrụ ka ọ gbaa nchichi nke Eze Edward VII.  n'afọ 1901;  n'afọ sochirinụ, a mgbaàmà ya ka ọ gbaa okpueze.  Ọ bụ ihe osise nke mmemme ahụ, ihe, bi na Buckingham Obí .  Ọ natara ọkwa knight, [2] n'agbanyeghị na ụfọdụ na-ekwu na ọ akwụkwọ ya na 1907. Enyi na enyi na ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe America si mba ọzọ, ọ na-ekpo ọkụ na Broadway, Worcestershire, England,  ebe ọ na-ese ihe na ezumike n'ịkiri John Singer Sargent n'ike Francis Davis Millet.q

Ọ dechara ihe ọrụ maka ọbá akwụkwọ ọha na eze Boston na 1890s.  Akpọrọ frieze maka ọba akwụkwọ ahụ "Chust and Achievement of the Holy Grail".  O were Abbey afọ iri na otu iji wuchaa usoro ihe osise a na ụlọ ọrụ England ya.  Na 1897 ọ akara akara ugo AM na mahadum Yale.  N'afọ 2024, ndị nwe ihe ngosi nka nke Mahadum Yale mezuru mweghachi nke "Ihe omumu maka Apotheosis nke Pennsylvania" site na iji usoro a maara dị ka "mist lining" nke na-edozi edozi nhazi na kwaaji   

Na 1904 ọ na-ese ihe osise maka Royal Exchange, London Reconciliation of Skinners & Merchant Taylors' Companies nke Lord Mayor Billesden, 1484

### Pennsylvania State Capitol
thumb| Lunette na medallion murals (1908-11) na Pennsylvania State Capitol Rotunda.  Aka ekpe gaa n'aka nri: akwụkwọ nke Vulcan, Sayensị, akwụkwọ nke akwụkwọ onwe, nka, nke Ìhè .
Na 1908–09, Abbey gosi nnukwu mmemme nke mmemme na ihe osise ndị ọzọ maka Pennsylvania State Capitol nke emechara ọhụrụ na Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.  Ndị a akara ihe atụ medallion na- anya Sayensị, Art, Ikpe Ziri Ezi, na Okpukpe maka Dome nke Rotunda, nnukwu akwụkwọ anọ dị n'okpuru dome, na ọtụtụ ọrụ maka ndị na-eri na ndị Sinetọ.  Maka ụlọ ndị omebe iwu Senate ọ na-abụ naanị otu nri, Von Steuben Ọzụ Ndị agha America na Valley Forge, [1] na ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Reading of the Declaration of Independence mural na edi 1911, mgbe fim ya sere mba.  A sere na ọ na-arịa ọrịa kansa.  Onye bụ Studio William Simmonds gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na ike na-enwe obere akọ sitere na Abbey, yana obere onyinye sitere n'aka John Singer Sargent .

## Ọnwụ
Na August 11, 1911, Abbey nwụrụ na London.  William Simmonds si England gaa wụnye ihe ọrụ a rụchara na nri Abbey Gertrude.  ụgwọ abụọ ọrịa, nke Abbey na- ike ike imecha, nyere Violet Oakley, bụ onye mezuru ọrụ ahụ site na iji nke ya.

## Ihe nketa
A họpụtara Abbey na National Academy of Design, na 1902, [1] na American Academy of Arts and Letters . Ọ bụ onye otu nsọpụrụ nke Royal Bavarian Society na Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts, wee mee ya onye chevalier nke French Legion of Honor . [2] Ọ bụ onye na-ese ihe nke ọma, na nlebara anya na nkọwapụta, gụnyere izi ezi nke akụkọ ihe mere eme, metụtara ọgbọ ndị na-ese ihe n'usoro. 

Na 1890, Edwin na-egosi Gertrude Mead, ada nke onye akara ngosi nke New York.  Oriakụ Abbey gbara di ya ume ka o nnukwu ọrụ, n'agbanyeghị na eje na ozi ha ihe mgbe ha abụọ dị awụ iri a anọ, di na n'ebe ahụ echetaghị nwa.  [1] Mgbe di ya nwụsịrị, Gertrude na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'ichekwa ihe nketa di ya, na-ede ndekọ ọrụ ya ma na-enye Yale nnukwu nchịkọta na ebe nchekwa.  Na 1932, site na Edwin Austin Abbey Memorial Fund for Mural Painting, o nyere Abbey Mural Prize iji kwado okike na mweghachi nke ike nsogbu na United States.  Ndị juri nke National Academicians na-enye ya kwa afọ site na National Academy of Design .  [2] Ọ bụ onye na-akwado nsogbu nke London . 

Edwin bụ onye nkwado siri ike nke ụlọ akwụkwọ Britain e hiwere ọhụrụ na Rome (BSR), ihe na ebe nchekwa ya, o nyere £6000 iji nyere aka wuo ụlọ ihe nkiri nke ndị nka na, na 1926, hiwere Incorporated Edwin Austin Abbey Scholarships  Ncheta.  .  [1] E hiwere akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ahụ iji mee ka ndị na-ese ihe na Britain na America nwee ike igosi so omume ha.  Ndị nnata nke ego Abbey - Ndị ọkà were na, n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, Ndị otu - na-etinye akwụkwọ ha n'ịrụ ọrụ na ụlọ ihe nkiri na BSR, ebe àmà, akwụkwọ, akwụkwọ ahụ, onye akwụkwọ, onye na-etinye akwụkwọ ha n'ọrụ na ụlọ ihe nkiri na BSR.  na-ese ihe na-akwado Abbey n'iche.  Ndị nweburu ihe nrite Stephen Farthing, Chantal Joffe na Spartacus Chetwynd .  E hiwere Abbey Fellowships (nke bụbu 'Awards') n'ụdị ha dị ugbu a na 1990, ụlọ ọrụ Abbey na-anabatakwa ebe obibi nke nka nke BSR ndị ọzọ, dị ka njikọ Derek Hill Foundation na Sainsbury Scholarship na nhọrọ na .  Otu bust nke Edwin Abbey, nke Sir Thomas Brock, guzo n'ogige nke BSR.  

Edwin hapụkwara ihe ngosi nke ọrụ ya na Metropolitan Museum of Art na New York, na Museum of Fine Arts, Boston na National Gallery na London. 

A na-eli Abbey n'ogige ụlọ ụka nke Old St Andrew's Church na Kingsbury, London.  N’ili ya bụ ọkwa II ụtụtụ

## Abbey na-arụ ọrụ

Usòrò:Edwin_Austin_Abbey_Vanity_Fair_29_December_1898.jpg|alt=Edwin Austin Abbey (1898), by Leslie Ward, Vanity Fair, December 29, 1898| *Edwin Austin Abbey*(1898), nkeLeslie Ward,*Ihe ngosi efu*, Disemba 29, 1898
Usòrò:Edwin_Austin_Abbey_-_Bob_Acres_and_His_Servant.jpg|alt=Bob Acres and His Servant (c. 1895), Yale University Art Gallery| *Bob Acres na Ohu Ya*(afọ 1895),Ezi ihe ngosi nka nke Mahadum Yale
Usòrò:Edwin_Austin_Abbey_richard_duke_of_gloucester_and_the_lady_anne_1896.jpg|alt=Richard, Duke of Gloucester, and the Lady Anne (1896), Yale University Art Gallery| *Richard, Duke nke Gloucester, naNwanyị Anne*(1896),Ezi ihe ngosi nka nke Mahadum Yale.
Usòrò:Edwin_Austin_Abbey_(1852-1911)-y.jpg|alt=Sir Galahad and the Holy Grail (1896-1901), Boston Public Library| *Sir Galahad na Holy Grail*(1896-1901),Ọbá akwụkwọ Jọneze Boston
Usòrò:The_Play_Scene_in_Hamlet.jpg|alt=The Play Scene in Hamlet (1897), Yale University Art Gallery| *Ihe ngosi egwuregwu naHamlet*(1897), onye ihe ngosi nka nke Mahadum Yale
Usòrò:Abbey_-_The_Queen_in_Hamlet.jpg|alt=The Queen in Hamlet (c. 1897), private collection| *Queen na Hamlet*(c. 1897), mkpokọta
Usòrò:Abbey,_Edwin_Austin_-_Potpourri_-_1899.jpg|alt=Potpourri (1899), private collection| *Potpourri*(1899), mkpokọta
Usòrò:Pennsylvania_State_Capitol_House_Chamber.jpg|alt=Apotheosis of Pennsylvania (1908–11), House Chamber, Pennsylvania State Capitol in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania| *Apotheosis nke Pennsylvania*(1908–11), Ndị nkịtị,Pennsylvania State CapitolnaHarrisburg, Pennsylvania
Usòrò:Abbey,_Edwin_Austin_-_Fairies.jpg|Fairies
Usòrò:Edwin_Austin_Abbey_-_Within_the_Tent_of_Brutus,_Enter_the_Ghost_of_Caesar,_Julius_Caesar,_Act_IV,_Scene_III_-_1937.1148_-_Yale_University_Art_Gallery.jpg|alt=Within the Tent of Brutus: Enter the Ghost of Caesar, Julius Caesar, Act IV, Scene III| *N'ime obiikwuu nkeBrutus: Banye nke[[Julius Caesar|Siza]],Julius Caesar, Act IV, Scene III*


## Akwụkwọ akụkọ

* Dickens, C. - *Akụkọ ekeresimesi*, Harper & Brothers, 1875
* Longfellow, HW - *Ọrụ uri*, Houghton, 1880-1883
* Herrick, R. - *Nhọrọ sitere na uri Robert Herrick*, Harper & Brothers, 1882
* Black, W. - J *udith Shakespeare*, Harper & Brothers, 1884
* Boughton, GH - *Sketching Rambles na Holland*, Macmillan 1885
* Sheridan, RB - *Comedies*, Chatto & Windus, London, 1885
* Goldsmith, O. - *Ọ na-ekpudo imeri*, Harper & Brothers, 1887
* Abbey, EA - *egwu ochie*, Harper & Brothers, 1888
* - *Ndụ dị jụụ*, Harper & Brothers, 1890
* Shakespeare, W. - *The Comedies*, Harper & Brothers, 1896
* Goldsmith, O. - *Obodo Deserted*, Harper & Brothers, 1902
* Stevens, LO- *Akụkọ King Arthur*, Houghton 1908

## Ntụaka

## Isi mmalite

* https://web.archive.org/web/20211016090454/http://www.columbia.edu/cu/record/archives/vol19/vol19_iss24/record1924.33
* Nancy Mendes. "Edwin Austin Abbey: Onye isi obodo." Akwụkwọ akụkọ *Pennsylvania Heritage* 32, no. 3 (Oge ọkọchị 2006): 6–15 .
* Elisa Tamarkin. "Chestnuts nke Edwin Austin Abbey: Ihe osise akụkọ ihe mere eme na ntụgharị nke omenala na Turn-of-the-Century America." *Atụmanya* 24 (1999): 417–448 .
* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Corcoran, Washington, DC

## Njikọ mpụga

* Edwin Austin Abbey na American Art Gallery
* Akụkọ ndụ Jim Vadeboncoeur nke Edwin Austin Abbey
* Kọmitii Nchekwa Capitol Pennsylvania's EA Abbey Bio
* ''Ihe osise nke Edwin A. Abbey: na-akọwa ihe ọchị nke Shakespeare''
* ''Ọnye na-bụ Sylvia?'' ''Gịnị Ka Ọ Bụ, Na Ndị Swain Niile Na-aja Ya mma?'' (1896–99; arụgharịrị 1900), Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, DC
*   
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations