John Briscoe

**John Briscoe** (Julaị 30, 1948 – Nọvemba 12, 2014) bụ onye injinia gburugburu ebe obibi a mụrụ na South Africa, onye bụbu Prọfesọ Na-eleta nke Ọrụ Ahụike Gburugburu Ebe Obibi na Ngalaba Ahụike Gburugburu Ebe Obibi na Harvard School of Public Health. Ndị ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara akụnụba gburugburu ebe obibi maara ya dị ka "Maazị Mmiri". Na Harvard, Briscoe nwekwara ọkwa na Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) dị ka Gordon McKay Prọfesọ nke Ọrụ Injinịa Gburugburu Ebe Obibi.  na Harvard Kennedy School. Ọrụ ya lekwasịrị anya na mbọ ndị na-emepe emepe na-eme iji jikwaa ma chekwaa mmiri dị ka ihe dị oké ọnụ ahịa. Na mbido afọ 2014, ọ natara onyinye mmiri Stockholm - "Nobel Prize of Water" - maka "onyinye a na-enweghị atụ na njikwa mmiri zuru ụwa ọnụ na mpaghara - onyinye na-ekpuchi nnukwu isiokwu, ala, na gburugburu ụlọ ọrụ - nke melite ndụ na ndụ nke ọtụtụ nde mmadụ n'ụwa niile. "

Ọ na-asụ Bekee, Afrikaans, Bengali, Portuguese, na Spanish.

## Usoro iheomume
 

* 1948 - A mụrụ ya na South Africa
* 1969 - B.Sc. , Civil Engineering, Mahadum nke Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
* 1976 - Ph.D., Environmental Engineering, Mahadum Harvard
* Ụlọ ọrụ mmiri gọọmentị nke South Africa na Mozambique, Injinia
* Bangladesh" id="mwLw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh">Cholera Research Center, ugbu a ICDDR,B, Bangladesh, EpidemiologistOnye na-ahụ maka ọrịa na-efe efe
* Mahadum nke North Carolina, Prọfesọ nke MmiriIhe Ndị Na-akpata Mmiri
* 1989-2009 - World Bank (20 afọ): O nyere aka lekọta ọrụ na mmiri, ịgba mmiri, mmiri, na ịdị ọcha na World Bank ma jụọ maka okwu mmiri maka ndị na-enweghị uru, gọọmentị, òtù ndị na-abụghị gọọmentị na azụmaahịa
* 1989-2009 - World Bank, onye nduzi mba maka Brazil: Ọrụ Briscoe na-emetụta mmepe nke World Bank bụ isiokwu nke Isi nke 13 na akụkọ ihe mere eme Sebastian Mallaby, "The World's Banker," Penguin 2006.
* 2009-2014 - Prọfesọ nke Ahụike Gburugburu Ebe Obibi, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
* 2014 - Stockholm Water Prize - "Nobel Prize of Water"

## Oge ọ malitere
A mụrụ John Briscoe na South Africa, ma tolite. Nne ya bụ Thelma na-elekọta ebe a na-elekọta ụmụaka na ebe a na-elekọta ụmụ mgbei n'obodo ndị isi ojii bụ Soweto. A hụrụ oke ịda ogbenye na akụnụba nke obodo ya n'ọdịda obodo na gburugburu ebe obibi, mpaghara ndị mara mma dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri dị iche na ime ụlọ kpọrọ nkụ mana dị mkpa n'akụ na ụba, ebe a na-arụ nnukwu ọrụ igwupụta ihe ndị dị n'ime ala. O kọwara na ịghọta mmiri dị mkpa iji ghọta mmepe nke akụrụngwa South Africa na ọtụtụ enweghị nha anya mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na akụ na ụba nke kọntinent ahụ. Ọ gara n'ihu na-emepụta echiche ndị a mgbe ọ bi n'ime ime obodo Bangladesh, ebe ọ hụrụ ka ọrụ mmiri na nchekwa idei mmiri na ọkụ eletrik nwere ike isi melite ndụ mmadụ nke ukwuu. O tinyere oge fọdụrụ n'ọrụ ya ijikwa mmiri, ma ọ bụ maka ebumnuche gburugburu ebe obibi ma ọ bụ nke mmadụ, na ịgbasa mmiri..

Dịka onye South Africa, John nwetara nzere bachelọ na injinia obodo na Mahadum Cape Town na 1969, nweta M.S. na injinia gburugburu ebe obibi na 1972, na Ph.D. na injinia gburugburu ebe obibi na Mahadum Harvard na 1976. Tupu ọ bịa Harvard, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka injinia na ụlọ ọrụ mmiri gọọmentị nke South Africa na Mozambique; ọkachamara n'ọrịa na Cholera Research Center, nke bụ ugbu a ICDDR,B na Bangladesh; prọfesọ nke akụrụngwa mmiri na Mahadum North Carolina; na, ruo afọ 20, na World Bank, ebe o nyere aka na-ahụ maka ọrụ na akụrụngwa mmiri, ịgba mmiri, ike mmiri, na ịdị ọcha. Ọ na-adụ ọdụ na okwu mmiri maka ndị otu na-abụghị ndị otu, gọọmentị, òtù ndị na-abụghị gọọmentị, na azụmaahịa.

Na Harvard, John malitere Harvard Water Security Initiative nke mahadum, nke na-elekwasị anya na nnukwu ihe ịma aka na mba ndị gbara ụwa gburugburu, gụnyere ikike inye ndị mmadụ mmiri ọṅụṅụ na nri dị mma, iji mepụta ike ma kwado uto akụ na ụba, yana ịkwalite ogo gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọ kụziri ihe ọmụmụ ndị a ma ama na mmiri ma họpụta ya maka nnukwu onyinye nkuzi na ntụziaka. Na mgbakwunye, ọ duziri ìgwè ụmụ akwụkwọ si n'ofe mahadum ahụ na nyocha jikọrọ aka na njikwa mmiri na Colorado, Indus, Mississippi, Murray-Darling, na ọdọ mmiri Sao Francisco.

## Mmụta

* 1965: E debara aha ya na St Patrick's Christian Brothers" College Kimberley [Christian Brothers" College]
* 1965-1969: B.Sc (nke mbụ klas nsọpụrụ) na Civil Engineering, Mahadum Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, nyere 1969
* 1970-1972: MS na Injinia gburugburu ebe obibi, Mahadum Harvard, nyere 1972
* 1972-1976: Ph.D. na Injinia gburugburu ebe obibi, Mahadum Harvard, nyere 1976

: Ubi dị mkpa: Injinia Mmiri; Ubi dị obere: akụ na ụba na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ

* 1993: Ọmụmụ idu ndú na Center for Creative Leadership, Greensboro, North Carolina
* 1998: Executive Development Program - Harvard na Stanford Graduate Schools of Business

## Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara
John Briscoe ebipụtala n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ sitere n'ọtụtụ nkuzi, gụnyere ahụike ọha na eze, nri na-edozi ahụ, epidemiology, ihe onwunwe mmiri, demography, anthropology, sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na akụ na ụba. Akwụkwọ ya gụnyere ihe karịrị edemede 120 na akwụkwọ akụkọ ọkachamara na akwụkwọ asatọ:

* Briscoe, John, Richard G. Feachem na Mujibur M. Rahaman, Evaluating Health Impact: Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene Education, IDRC Press, Ottawa, Canada, peeji 80, 1986.
* Briscoe, John na David de Ferranti, Water for Rural Communities: Helping People Help Themselves, World Bank, Washington DC, peeji nke 32, 1988.
* John Briscoe, Brazil: The New Challenge of Adult Health, World Bank, Washington DC, 133 peeji, 1990 (n'asụsụ Bekee na Portuguese).  (Brazil/Ụzọ Njikọ Mba nke World Bank) 
* The World Bank (Onye edemede), The Water Strategy of the World Bank, Washington DC, February 2003.
* John Briscoe na RPS Malik, India's Water Economy: Bracing for a Turbulent Future. Oxford University Press, 2006.
* John Briscoe na RPS Malik (ndị nchịkọta akụkọ), Handbook on Water Resources Development and Management in India, Oxford University Press, 2007.
* John Briscoe na Usman Qamar, Pakistan's Water Economy: Running Dry, Oxford University Press, 2007.
* The World Bank (Onye edemede), Country Partnership Strategy for Brazil, 2007-2010, Washington DC, 2007.  (Ụzọ Akụkụ Mmiri nke World Bank) 

## Ozi

* O jere ozi na Water Science and Technology Board nke National Academy of Sciences
* Onye guzobere nnukwu mmekọrịta mmiri zuru ụwa ọnụ

: Kansụl Mmiri Ụwa
: Njikọ Mmiri Ụwa
: Kọmitii Ụwa Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Mmiri

* Global Agenda Council, World Economic ForumNzukọ Akụnụba Ụwa
* Kọmitii ndụmọdụ dị elu, Murray Darling Basin Authority
* Onye otu kansụl, ndị ọkachamara mmiri pụrụ iche, International Water AssociationÒtù Mmiri Mba Nile
* Onye ndụmọdụ mmiri, McKinsey na ụlọ ọrụ

**Ndụmọdụ**

* Ụlọ Akụ̀ Ụwa
* Ụlọ Akụ̀ Mmepe nke Eshia
* US National Intelligence Council
* National Water Commission nke Australia

## Onyinye

* 1965: Alan Spiers Memorial Bursary
* 1965: Max Michaelis Scholarship
* 1965: Barney Barnato Scholarship
* 1966-69: Ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka inye ọkụ eletrik
* 1967: Ihe nrite Mahadum na mgbakọ na mwepụ
* 1968: Ihe nrite mahadum na Hydraulics, Hydrology, Transportation, Highways, Soil Mechanics na Thesis
* 1968: Ihe nrite ọla edo nke obodo Cape Town dị ka nwa akwụkwọ injinia kacha mma na Mahadum
* 1968: Ihe nrite South African Steel Institute maka Best Structural Design
* 1968: E. Oliver Ashe Scholarship maka Post-Graduate Study
* 1968: Cape Town City Scholarship maka Post-Graduate Study

* 1970-74: Mahadum Harvard Fellowship
* 1974: Clemons Herschel Prize (nke a na-enye kwa afọ nye nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Injinia gburugburu ebe obibi) 
* Dị ka onye ọrụ nke World Bank, a machibidoro ya ịnata onyinye. Kemgbe ọ hapụrụ World Bank nwere:

: Ụmụ akwụkwọ Mahadum Harvard họpụtara ya maka onyinye Joseph Levenson nke Harvard iji kwado nkuzi pụrụ iche nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-agụsị akwụkwọ
: Ọ natara Grande Medalha de Inconfidencia, otu n'ime nsọpụrụ kachasị elu nke ndị nkịtị na Brazil (2009).
: 2009: International Water Association, Onyinye Onye isi ala

* 2009: Grande Medalha da Inconfidência, otu n'ime onyinye kachasị elu na Brazil
* Ihe nrite Stroud maka Ịdị Mma na Mmiri
* Hauser Grant maka Innovation na Learning na Teaching, Mahadum Harvard
* 2014: Stockholm Water Prize - "Nobel Prize of Water"

## Ọnwụ
Briscoe nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri isii na isii mgbe ọ lụchara ọgụ afọ abụọ na ọkara na ọrịa kansa. 

## Edemsibia

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* 2009 profaịlụ na Harvard Public Health Review, "Briscoe amụọla mmiri site n'akụkụ ọ bụla a na-eche n'echiche: otu esi ejide ya, metọọ ya, tụgharịa ya, tụba ya, mee ka ọ bụrụ ihe a na-achịkwa, mee ka a na-eme ememe, mebie ya, mee ihe dị ọcha, gbuo ya, ma lụọ ọgụ. "Onye bụbu HSPH Dean Barry Bloom gwara ọtụtụ ndị na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba, John bụ "Maazị Water: onye na-ahụ anya, onye na-eche echiche, onye na mpaghara ahụ".
* 2012 profaịlụ na Harvard Magazine, "The Water Tamer: John Briscoe na-edozi enweghị nchebe mmiri gburugburu ụwa"
* HSPH Faculty profile, Department of Environmental Health
* Sebastian Mallaby, "The World's Banker" (Isi nke 13), Penguin 2006: Ọrụ Briscoe na mmepe nke World Bank bụ isiokwu nke Isi nke 13.

## Njikọ mpụga

* Adam Bernstein, John Briscoe, ọkachamara na mmiri nke kwadoro ihe mgbochi mmiri, nwụrụ na 66, Washington Post: Obituaries, November 17, 2014, nwetara 11/19/2014
* Harvard Magazine, 11/18/2014, John Briscoe, 66, bụ onye isi nchekwa mmiri, nwetara 11/19/2014
* The Water Network, John Briscoe - onye mmeri mmiri Noble Dies, nke Water Network Research bipụtara na 19 Nọvemba 2014 na 04:43
* Julio Frenk, MD, PhD, HSPH Dean, In memoriam: John Briscoe, ọkachamara na mmiri, November 19, 2014, nwetara 11/19/2014