Lorraine O'Grady

**Lorraine O'Grady** (amuru Septemba 21, 1934 wee nwụọ na Disemba 13, 2024) bu onye omenka America, odee, onye ntughari na onye nkatọ. Na-arụ ọrụ na nka echiche na nka arụmọrụ nke jikọtara foto na ntinye vidiyo, ọ na-enyocha ihe owuwu omenala nke njirimara - ọkachasị nke isiokwu ụmụ nwanyị ojii - dị ka ahụmịhe nke ndị mba ọzọ na ngwakọ kpụrụ. O'Grady gụrụ akwụkwọ na Wellesley College na Mahadum nke Iowa Writers' Workshop tupu ọ ghọọ onye na-ese ihe mgbe ọ dị afọ iri anọ na ise.  Banyere nzube nke nkà, O'Grady kwuru na 2016: "Echere m na ihe mgbaru ọsọ mbụ nke nkà bụ ichetara anyị na anyị bụ mmadụ, ihe ọ bụla *ọ* bụ. Echere m na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nkà m nwere ike ichetara anyị na anyị *niile* bụ mmadụ. " 

## Ndụ na ọrụ
A mụrụ O'Grady na Boston, Massachusetts, nye nne na nna Jamaica, Edwin na Lena O'Grady, ndị nyere aka guzobe St. Cyprian's, ụka Episcopal mbụ West India na Boston.  N'ịbụ onye a dọtara n'ụdị na ihe ịchọ mma nke "ụka dị elu" nke St. John's nke Roxbury Crossing dị nso, O'Grady na-echeta, sị: "Ejire m nke ọma site na ịma mma nke ahụmahụ ahụ, nke ememe, nke bụ nsụgharị mara mma na nke mara mma. nke Roman Katọlik, *ekwere* m ruo n’ihe dị ka afọ iri abụọ, ruo mgbe nwanne m nwanyị [Devonia] nwụrụ, mgbe ahụ m kwụsịrị ikwere.” 

Na 1955, O'Grady gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Wellesley College, bụ ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na akụnụba na obere akwụkwọ Spanish . Asọpụrụ ya na Wellesley College Alumnae Achievement Award na 2017.  Ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta nna ukwu na akụkọ ifo sitere na Mahadum Iowa Writers' Workshop tupu ọ ghọọ onye na-ese ihe na 1980.   Tupu aghọọ onye na-ese ihe, O'Grady rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nyocha ọgụgụ isi maka Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ọrụ na Ọchịchị na DC, onye ntụgharị aka ọkachamara, na onye nkatọ okwute.  O'Grady bi ma na-arụ ọrụ na Meatpacking District nke New York City . 

## Nkà omume na ọrụ
áká_èkpè|thumb| O'Grady dị ka Mlle Bourgeoise Noire
Na mmalite 1980s, O'Grady kere persona nke Mlle Bourgeoise Noire, onye wakporo oghere nka na-eyi uwe mwụda na akwa nke 180 ụzọ abụọ nke uwe ọcha,  na-ebu ụzọ nye ya okooko osisi, wee tie onwe ya ụtarị na-acha ọcha studded., nke ọ na-akpọkarị, "ụrịa-nke-mere-osisi-na-akwagharị".  Ka ọ na-eme nke a, ọ na-etikarị abụ mkpesa megidere ụwa nka kewapụrụ iche nke na-ewepụ ndị isi ojii n'ụwa nka nka, na nke ọ chọpụtara na ọ naghị ele anya karịa obere ndị enyi. Ọrụ mbụ ya dị ka Mlle Bourgeoise Noire bụ na 1980 na Linda Goode Bryant 's Just N'elu Midtown gallery na Tribeca. 

O'Grady na-enyekwa Mlle Bourgeoise Noire otuto maka ịhazi ihe ngosi, dị ka *Black and White Show* na 1983 na Kenkeleba House, ụlọ ọrụ ojii na-agba ọsọ dị na Manhattan's East Village .  Echiche maka ihe omume a bụ igosi ọrụ ndị na-ese ojii 30 n'akụkụ ndị na-ese ihe ọcha 30.  Malite na 1991, ọ gbakwunyere nrụnye foto na ọrụ ya dabere n'echiche. 

Na 1983, ọ choreographed arụmọrụ mmekọ ikpeazụ dịka Mlle Bourgeoise Noire kpọrọ *Art Is...* , nke nwere ihe ngosi nke ọ banyere n'ememe ụbọchị ndị America America na Harlem kwa afọ. A maara ya dị ka "Iberibe ihe ịga nke ọma ozugbo O'Grady".  A zụrụ Adam Clayton Powell Boulevard ụgbọ mmiri ahụ site n'aka "O'Grady [nke dị ka Mlle Bourgeoise Noire] na otu ìgwè ndị America-American na Latino 15, yi uwe na-acha ọcha, [bụ ndị] na-ejegharị gburugburu ụgbọ mmiri na-ebu foto ọla edo efu. Frames."  Onye nkatọ nka Jillian Steinhauer kọwara Art bụ ... dị ka sere n'elu nke mejupụtara "ihe efu itoolu na-na-iri na ise ụkwụ-ọlaedo foto frame… O'Grady ama [nakwa] goro 15 na-eto eto Black artists bụ ndị na-eje ije na-agba egwú n'akụkụ ya, na-ebu obere olaedo okpokolo agba na ha weliri elu. n'ihu ndị otu ìgwè mmadụ ahụ. "  Ọ bụghị nanị na arụmọrụ ahụ gbara ndị na-ekiri ihe ume - karịsịa ndị nwere agba - ka ha were onwe ha dị ka nkà, kamakwa dọtara uche na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na ụwa nka.  Ebipụtara ya na nke mbụ ihe karịrị afọ iri atọ ka e mesịrị,  Foto O'Grady sitere na arụmọrụ ahụ na-aga n'ihu na-eme ememe Blackness, na-ekwukwa na nka avant-garde dị ka onye na-ahụ maka oji. 

Site na 2015 ruo 2016, *Art bụ ...* e gosipụtara na Studio Museum na Harlem, ebe Assistant Curator Amanda Hunt kwuputara na arụmọrụ O'Grady "gosiri na njikere nke ndị bi na Harlem dị njikere ịhụ onwe ha dị ka ọrụ nka."  Na Jenụwarị 2020, anọ nke *Art O'Grady bụ…* Eserese foto na ihe ngosi Artpace nke akpọrọ *Visibilities: Womenmụ nwanyị Artpace na-atụghị egwu* .  Dị ka oge okpomọkụ gara aga 2007 International Artist-in-Residence na Artpace,  usoro O'Grady gụnyere na ihe nkiri na-eme mmemme ndị nka na-achọpụta nwanyị.    Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Crystal Bridges nke American Art rụrụ ụka na ihe omume ahụ mere ka ndị obodo ojii nwee mmetụta site n'ịkọwa otú e si enwe ndị mmadụ n'ebe nile na-eti mkpu dị ka "Nke ahụ ziri ezi. Nke ahụ bụ ihe nkà. Anyị bụ nkà!" na "Frame m, mee m nka!". 

Lorraine O'Grady rụrụ ọrụ na arụmọrụ nke o lekwasịrị anya na Knights n'afọ 2020, dị ka ekwuru "O'Grady n'onwe ya, yi uwe ejiji nke omenala, nke nwere akwa akwa, were mma agha ya were were were were kpuchie ebe ojii. okporo osisi na-agba agba na okpu agha mara mma, bụ́ nke na-epupụta n'ụdị nkwụ dị iche iche n'ihe oyiyi ụfọdụ. A na-akpọ mmemme ahụ *ọkwa ọkwa nke Onye Ọhụrụ* *(Ọrụ na-abịa!)*, Ọ bụ mpụta mbụ na Brooklyn Museum. 

### Ihe ngosi
O'Grady gosipụtara na mbụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 45, mgbe ọ rụchara ọrụ nke ọma n'etiti ndị ọzọ dị ka onye nyocha ọgụgụ isi gọọmentị, onye ntụgharị akwụkwọ na azụmahịa, na nkatọ nkume.  E gosipụtala ọrụ ya siri ike nke nwanyị, ọkachasị na New York City na Europe . Arụmọrụ *Mlle Bourgeoise Noire* nke mbụ nke O'Grady enwetara ọkwa ọhụrụ mgbe emere ya ebe ntinye na ngosi ngosi *WACK!* *Art and the Feminist Revolution*,  ihe ngosi ngosi ihe ngosi nka nke izizi a na-emepe emepe . Omume ya, nke yiri ka ọ dị na ma na-akọwa njedebe dị n'etiti ọgbara ọhụrụ na "ọ bụghị onye na-esote oge a " dị ugbu a, abụrụla isiokwu nke mmasị na-abawanye ụba kemgbe ọ nwetara akụkụ mkpuchi nke isiokwu abụọ na mbipụta May 2009 nke akwụkwọ akụkọ *Artforum* . . Na Disemba 2009, e nyere ya ngosi ihe ngosi nke otu onye na ihe ngosi nka nke oge a nke US, Art Basel Miami Beach . N'ikpeazụ, O'Grady bụ otu n'ime ndị nka 55 ahọpụtara maka nsonye na 2010 Whitney Biennial .  Ọrụ ya egosila na ọtụtụ ihe ngosi seminal, gụnyere: *Nke a ga-abụ: Art, Love & Politics in 1980s* ; *Ọnụnọ nke Radical: Ọrụ Black na Art Contemporary*,  na *En Mas': Carnival and Performance Art of the Caribbean* .

E gosipụtara ya na "Anyị chọrọ mgbanwe: Black Radical Women 1965-85", ihe ngosi haziri nke Catherine Morris, Sackler Family Senior Curator maka Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art, na Rujeko Hockley, onye bụbu onye enyemaka Curator nke Art Contemporary Art., Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Brooklyn .  E gosipụtara ihe ngosi a na Brooklyn Museum April 21-September 17, 2017, na na California African American Museum October 13, 2017-January 14, 2018, ma ga-abụ na Institute of Contemporary Art/Boston June 27-September 30, 2018. Ọ na-enyocha nka nwanyị ojii ebe echiche na-ebute ụzọ, wee site na ọtụtụ usoro gụnyere, vidiyo, ọkpụkpụ, arụmọrụ, foto na eserese o kpebiri nke ga-egosipụta okwu ya kacha mma. A na-etinye ọrụ nke onye ọ bụla na-ese ihe na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmegharị omenala n'oge 1965-85.  Ya na ndị na-ese ihe n'oge a na-akparịta ụka ugboro ugboro, dị ka Juliana Huxtable . 

## Edemede
Ọ bụ Duke University Press bipụtara akwụkwọ O'Grady anakọtara na 2020 wee dezie ya na Aruna D'Souza.  Na mgbakwunye na isiokwu ndị o dere maka akwụkwọ akụkọ *Artforum* na *Art Lies*, edemede ya, "Olimpia's Maid: Reclaiming Black Female Subjectivity," ka a na-emezigharị ya ọtụtụ ugboro, na nso nso a na Amelia Jones (ed.), *The Feminism and Visual Culture. Onye na-agụ* (mbipụta nke abụọ, Routledge, 2010). N'ịtụgharị uche na nlezianya dị ukwuu pụtara n'ihe odide onye na-ese ihe, D'Souza na-ekwu, sị: "Okwu O'Grady bụ onyinye, ọkpụkpọ oku, na ọhụụ nke ụwa dị ka ọ pụrụ ịdị." 

### Nkume nkatọ
Nyocha mbụ nke O'Grady nke abalị Bob Marley na ndị Wailers meghere maka Bruce Springsteen na Max's Upstairs na Manhattan, Julaị 18, 1973, onye nchịkọta akụkọ *Voice Village* jụrụ n'oge ahụ, onye kwuru "Ọ dị ngwa ngwa maka abụọ a. "  Ebu ụzọ bipụta nyocha ahụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ 40 ka e mesịrị na *Max's Kansas City: Art, Glamour, Rock and Roll,* 2010, akwụkwọ foto nwere ihe odide nke O'Grady, Lou Reed, Lenny Kaye, na Danny Fields, n'etiti ndị ọzọ. ma ebigharịkwara ya n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na *Writing In Space* .  

### "Onye ọrụ Olympia"
"Olimpia's Maid: Reclaiming Black Female Subjectivity"  bụ edemede e bipụtara na 1992 na akwụkwọ, New Feminist Criticism: Art, Identity, Action. Ebipụtara akụkụ nke mbụ nke edemede ahụ na Afterimage 20 (Summer 1992). N'ịbụ nke e zoro aka na ya na ọrụ ndị ọkà mmụta, ọ bụ nkatọ omenala nke ihe nnọchianya nke ahụ nwanyị ojii, na nchikota ahụ dị ka saịtị nke nwa nwanyị ojii. N'ihe gbasara mkpa ọ dị n'ịkpọpụta onwe onye, O'Grady dere, sị, "Ịkpọ onwe anyị aha kama ịbụ aha anyị ga-ebu ụzọ hụ onwe anyị." 

## Ntụaka
weliri elu. n'ihu ndị otu ìgwè mmadụ ahụ. "  Ọ bụghị nanị na arụmọrụ ahụ gbara ndị na-ekiri ihe ume - karịsịa ndị nwere agba - ka ha were onwe ha dị ka nkà, kamakwa dọtara uche na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na ụwa nka.aghọọ onye na-ese ihe, O'Grady rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nyocha ọgụgụ isi maka Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ọrụ na Ọchịchị na DC, onyenso nso a na Amelia Jones (ed.), The Feminism and Visual Culture. Onye na-agụ (mbipụta nke abụọ, Routledge, 2010). N'ịtụgharị uche
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations