Nicola Spaldin

**Nicola Ann Spaldin** (amụrụ n'afọ 1969)  FRS bụ prọfesọ nke sayensị ihe na ETH Zurich, nke a maara maka nyocha mbụ ya na multiferroics.

## Agụmakwụkwọ na mmalite ndụ
Nwanyị si Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, dị na England, Spaldin nwetara Bachelor of Arts na sayensị eke n’ụlọ akwụkwọ mahadum University of Cambridge na afọ 1991, wee nwetakwa PhD na kemịstrị n’ụlọ akwụkwọ University of California, Berkeley na afọ 1996. 

## Ọrụ na nyocha
.Spaldin nyere mkpebi ịchọ multiferroics — ihe ndị nwere ngwakọta nke ịkụ magnet na ferroelectricity — n’ihi okwu otu onye ọrụ ibe ya kwuru banyere imekọrịta ihe, mgbe onye ahụ na-eme nnyocha banyere ferroelectrics n’oge Spaldin na-eme postdoctoral ọmụmụ banyere ihe magnetik na Mahadum Yale n’etiti 1996 na 1997.

O jisiri ike mepụta ụkpụrụ gbasara ụdị ihe ndị a mgbe ọ ghọrọ onye nkuzi ọhụrụ na Mahadum California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), ma n’afọ 2000, o bipụtara (n’okpuru aha ya gara aga, Hill) akwụkwọ akụkọ dị mkpa nke kọwara na mbụ ihe kpatara na e nwere ole na ole n’ime ihe ndị a a maara.

Mgbe e mesịrị, n’afọ 2003, o sonyere otu ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị gosipụtara nnyocha nke multiferroic na ihe a kpọrọ bismuth ferrite (BiFeO₃).

N’afọ ndị sochiri ya, Spaldin jikọtara aka n'ọtụtụ mmepe n’ime ọkpụkpụ ọhụụ a na-apụta nke ọma n’ihe gbasara multiferroics, gụnyere:

ngosi mbụ nke ịchịkwa magnetism site n’oge ọkụ eletrik na BiFeO₃ (ọ bụkwa nke Science Magazine họọrọ dịka otu n’ime “ebe kwesiri ịle anya” na ngalaba ha nke 2007 Breakthroughs of the Year),

nchọpụta na ferroelectric domain walls nwere ike ibu ụzọ eletrik,

nchọpụta ọkwa ọhụụ a na-akpọ morphotropic phase boundary, site n’ihe na-akpọ tensile strain, n’ime BiFeO₃,

nakwa ịmata ụzọ ọhụrụ nke na-eme ka multiferroicity pụta, dịka improper geometric ferroelectricity dị na YMnO₃.

N’otu oge ahụ, ọ mepụtara na tinye usoro nyocha enyere ka e tinye ụgbọ eletrik na magnetik na metal-insulator heterostructures n’okpuru usoro density functional theory (DFT). Nke a nyere ya aka idozi nsogbu gara ogologo oge gbasara mbido “dielectric dead layer” dị na capacitors, nakwa ịchọpụta ụzọ ọhụrụ e nwere ike isi mee ka magnetoelectric coupling pụta.

Spaldin si UCSB kwaga ETH Zurich na 2010.  Kemgbe ahụ, ụzọ atọ ọhụrụ pụtara na ngalaba nyocha ya. Otu bụ mmepe nke echiche na usoro nke magnetic multipoles, nke chọrọ echiche nke magnetism karịa ọkwa magnetic-dipole. Na mgbakwunye na mkpa ha maka njikọ magnet eletrik,  ndị a egosila na ha dị mkpa maka ịghọta ihe omume nke magnetism n'elu antiferromagnet kwụrụ ụgwọ  yana maka ịkọwa ihe dị iche iche dị ka altermagnetism  na magnetic skyrmions. Nke abụọ, nguzobe nke Dynamical Multiferroicity,  nke kpaliri mmasị na ihe a na-akpọ chiral phonons na oge magnetik ha.  Na nke atọ, itinye multiferroics n'ọrụ a na-atụghị anya ya na ngalaba ndị ọzọ dị mkpa nke physics: O mepụtara multiferroic ọhụrụ nwere nkọwa zuru oke achọrọ iji nye ohere ọchụchọ siri ike maka oge dipole eletrik nke electron  ma chọpụta multiferroik nwere usoro ọzụzụ na-ebelata nke na-emepụta ihe yiri crystallographic nke eriri cosmic.  Ọrụ ndị a "na-agafe agafe" dugara na mmasị ugbu a na nchọpụta ihe gbara ọchịchịrị.

A na-ahụ akwụkwọ Spaldin dere n’akwụkwọ ọmụmụ ya dị na Google Scholar.

### Onyinye na nsọpụrụ
Spaldin bụ onye mmeri nke 2010 nke American Physical Society's James C. McGroddy Prize for New Materials,  onye mmeri ya nke Rössler Prize nke ETH Zurich Foundation na 2012,  onye mmeri 2015 nke Körber European Science Prize maka "ịtọ ntọala maka ezinụlọ ọhụrụ nke ihe multiferroic"   na otu n'ime ndị mmeri nke 2017 L'Oréal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science. [4] N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2017, e nyere ya Lise-Meitner Lectureship nke Austrian na German Physical Societies na Vienna   na 2019 ọ meriri Swiss Science Prize Marcel Benoist. N'afọ 2021, ọ natara IUPAP Magnetism Award na Néel Medal,  na 2022 Europhysics Prize nke European Physical Society  na Hamburg Prize for Theoretical Physics. N'afọ 2023, ọ meriri Gothenburg Lise Meitner Award.

Spaldin bụ Fellow nke American Physical Society (2008), Materials Research Society (2011), American Association for the Advancement of Science (2013)  na Royal Society (2017),  Enyi Honorary Fellow nke Churchill College, Cambridge, na onye otu Academia Europaea (2021)  na Swiss Academy of Engineering Sciences (2021).  Ọ bụ onye mmekọ mba ọzọ nke US National Academy of Engineering (2019),  French Academy of Sciences (2021), Austrian Academy of Sciences (20122) na German National Academy of Sciences, Leopoldina (2022).  Ọ bụ onye otu sayensị nke Max Planck Society  na Fellow-Ambassadeur nke CNRS. 

### Ozi
Spaldin bụ otu n’ime ndị òtù ERC Scientific Council, ma bụrụkwa otu n’ime ndị guzobere na Lead Editor nke Physical Review Research

### Ịkụzi ihe
Spaldin enwetala ETH Golden Owl ugboro abụọ maka Ịkụzi Ịdị Mma  yana ETH Award maka Ịkụziri Kasị Mma.  Ụfọdụ n'ime nkuzi ya dị na ọwa youtube ya. Ọ haziri mmezigharị nke Ngalaba BSc Curriculum na Materials ma dee ya na blọọgụ. Cambridge University Press bipụtara akwụkwọ nkuzi ya na Magnetic Materials . 

## Ihe odide

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ