Joseph Hekekyan

thumb| Eserese nke Joseph Hekekyan
**Joseph Hekekyan Bey** (1807, Istanbul - 1875), bụ onye nchịkwa Armenia, ọkà mmụta ihe ochie na injinia obodo, onye biri ndụ ọtụtụ oge n'Ijipt .  

## Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Joseph Hekekyan na 1807 na Constantinople ma zụlitere n'ezinụlọ ndị Katọlik Armenia.  Nna ya, Michirdiz H., bụ onye ntụgharị okwu maka Mohamed Ali Pasha, na 1817 nwere ike nweta ya akwụkwọ nkwado steeti na Stonyhurst College na Lancashire, England ebe ọ na-arụ ọrụ nka dị iche iche.  N'ebe ahụ ọ gụrụ Bekee na Latịn, ma mesịa mụọ Civil engineering na hydraulics.   Ọ gụkwara injinia uzuoku, igwe, igwe mmiri mmiri, nyocha, na ịgba mmiri na Bramah's Engineering Factory dị na Pimlico yana usoro ịgbagharị na ịkpa ákwà n'ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ ruo mgbe akpọghachiri ya Egypt na 1830. ***' Mgbe ọ laghachiri n'Ijipt, Hekekyan malitere ịrụ ọrụ na mgbanwe mmụta na mmepụta ihe.  A họpụtara ya onye isi nlekọta, zụrụ ụmụ akwụkwọ, gaa n'ụlọ akwụkwọ nkà mmụta sayensị ọhụrụ nke Polytechnic na Bulaq, ma nye aka na nguzobe Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Egypt na Paris. 

== Ọrụ mmalite ==
N'agbata 1834 na 1837 ọ bụ onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ Polytechnic dị na Cairo .  N'ebe ahụ, ọ ghọrọ onye ndụmọdụ teknụzụ maka gọọmentị wee bụrụ onye otu ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ Egypt n'oge ọchịchị Muhammad Ali.   Ọkwa a gụnyere ịbụ onye ntụgharị na agụmakwụkwọ na ihe gbasara mba ofesi, yana inwe mmekọrịta chiri anya na ndị nnọchi anya European.  N'ịbụ onye na-etinye aka na Europe nke ukwuu, Hekekyan nakweere echiche Europe ma chefuo omenala ndị Turkey.  Ọ malitere iyi uwe aka, sọks, ma too nnukwu afụ ọnụ.  Mgbanwe ndị a mere ka ndị ọrụ ibe ya na-akpọ ya "English infidel" mana ndị ọdịda anyanwụ "Europeanized Oriental pụrụ iche".  Na 1836, Hekekyan co hiwere Egypt Society na Cairo nke dochie Institut d'Égypte .  A na-eji ya dị ka ebe nzukọ maka ndị Europe, karịsịa ndị Britain, na-eme njem site n'Ijipt.  

N'afọ 1840, gọọmentị nyere ya ọrụ ịwepụta na iwu ọtụtụ obodo ndị nlereanya na ala nke ezinụlọ eze nke dị ka ihe atụ nke obodo Gezaye na-ahazi n'okporo ámá okporo ụzọ site n'usoro dị mkpa, malite na onye nwe ya. Manor house na diwan/duwwar na-ele anya n'okporo ụzọ, wee ahịrị nke "nke ọma ime" ndị sheikh na ụlọ ndị ahịa, na-esote ahịrị nke ụlọ "midling fellahs'", wee bụrụ ụlọ maka "klaasị dị ala" nke fellahs. N'etiti ụlọ Manor na ụlọ ndị ọzọ, e nwere ahịrị ụlọ azụmahịa; ụlọ ahịa, ụlọ alakụba, ebe obibi, na ụlọ ịgba akwụna.  Hekekyan webatara echiche nke obodo ndị nlereanya site na Britain ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ, gaa Egypt, ma ọ malitere na njedebe nke narị afọ nke iri na itoolu. Obodo ndị a nlereanya wepụtara ụkpụrụ nke ilekọta ụlọ n'elu ala maka ọha mmadụ a maara dị ka ''<nowiki/>'izbas'' ( obodo nta ).  Mgbe ọchịchị Muhammad Ali n'Ijipt kwụsịrị, ọ na-eche maka nchekwa ezinụlọ ya yana inwe nsogbu sitere na ophthalmia siri ike nke mere ka ọ laa ezumike nká na 1850.  

== Ọrụ nkà mmụta ihe ochie ==
Hekekyan duziri ihe gwupụtara n'ala na mkpọmkpọ ebe nke [[Memphis]] na Mit Rahina, Giza na 1852 na 1854, nke ndị ọchịchị Egypt kwadoro. Ọ na-eduzikwa ihe ndị e gwupụtara n'ala na Heliopolis bụ nke were afọ anọ nke igwu mmiri, ma gbahapụ ya na 1852.  Ndị Royal Society nke London na ọchịchị Ottoman-Egypt nke Abbas Pasha kwadoro ihe gwupụtara a.   Ihe bụ́ isi e gwupụtara n’ala ndị a bụ iji tụọ ịrị elu nke osimiri Naịl na mmiri ya.  Ọ bụ ezie na nke a bụ isi ihe na-elekwasị anya, Hekekyan nwere oke ọchịchọ na nke a mere ka ọ chọpụta akụkụ nke ọ dịkarịa ala nnukwu ihe oyiyi iri na atọ na akụkụ nke ụlọ dị n'ime.  O debere ihe nchoputa ya na ihe nleba anya na saịtị ndia ka ha buru leta, akuko, sket, na mapu nke o zigara onye otu ya Leonard Horner, onye isi oche nke Geological Society of London na onye mbu n'umu akwukwo nke ala stratification .   N'ime ihe ndị a ezigara Horner, Hekekyan gụnyere ihe ọ na-ahụ kwa ụbọchị, ọganihu ọrụ, ozi ala, na ọkwa mmiri nke osimiri Naịl.  Leonard Horner ga-ejikwa nchoputa Hekekyan wee nyochaa sedimenti ide mmiri Naịl na-abawanye kwa afọ.   N'agbanyeghị na nyocha Hekekyan nwere obere nkwado, ọrụ ya maka Horner bara nnukwu uru.  Leonard Horner mechara nwee ike ibu amụma na ụmụ mmadụ mepere emepe ebiela n'Ijipt afọ 13,371 n'ihi nchọcha Hekekyan niile. ***' Ihe gwupụtara ha bụ nke mbụ ji usoro mbara ala mee ihe n’Ijipt ma ọ bụ n’ebe ọzọ. ****  Echiche nke stratigraphy bụ ihe ọhụrụ na Egyptology, ebe a na-eji ya dee ihe arịa, ihe ndekọ akụkọ ihe mere eme, na ihe odide ndị gara aga.  Na 1863, Hekekyan dere akwụkwọ aha ya bụ *A Treatise on the Chronology of Siriadic Monuments* .  Akwụkwọ ya webatara geo-astronomy ma tụọ aro na e jiri nha nha metụtara wuo ihe ncheta ndị Ijipt oge ochie na mmegharị nke kpakpando Sirius.  N'akwụkwọ ahụ, Hekekyan nakweere echiche French na ndị Ijipt wuru ihe ncheta oge ochie ha nwere nkà karịa ụmụ ha nke oge a.  Ngwuputa ihe omimi nke Hekekyan bu ihe omuma ala karia ihe omumu ihe ochie, ma ha di oke mkpa maka akuko nke Memphis na Heliopolis, ma o doro anya na ihe omuma nke mbu "stratified" nke emere na Egypt n'ihi akwukwo akwukwo na ihe osise Hekekyan.   Enwere ike iji usoro ya tụnyere nke a na-eji na nkà mmụta ihe ochie taa na UK na n'ebe ndị ọzọ. 

## Edemede

* Ihe ndetu na ọzara ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Egypt, site na Gebel Afret, site na ebe ochie porphyry nke Gebel Khan, N'akụkụ ọdụ ochie nke Gebel Gir - na obere akụkọ banyere mkpọmkpọ ebe na Gebel Khan - nke Hekekyan bey - Journal of the Asiatic Society nke Bengal, Nọvemba 1848, peeji 584–587
* Otu akwụkwọ akụkọ na usoro iheomume nke ihe ncheta siriardic gosipụtara na usoro ndị eze Ijipt nke Manetho bụ ihe ndekọ nke ihe ndekọ na-agụ kpakpando Nile nke na-aga n'ihu ruo ugbu a, site na Hekekyan Bey CE nke Constantinople - nke bụbu na ọrụ Egypt (maka mgbasa ozi nkeonwe) London, bipụtara. nke Taglar na Francis 1863, I vol, 160 p
* Hekekyan, “Akwụkwọ akụkọ 1851 - 1854, Folio 355, British Library Tinye Nwada 37448-71.
* Joseph Hekekyan Bey, mkpokọta. Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Britain.

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* Ahmed Abdelrehim Moustafa, *"Asr Hekekyan"* . Cairo: Òtù Akwụkwọ Ndị Ijipt General. 1990.
* Darrell I. Dykstra, Joseph Hekekyan na ụlọ akwụkwọ Egypt dị na Paris, Nyocha Armenia (Boston, USA), 1982 N#35, p 165–182
* Ndepụta nke ndị na-ese ihe n'Ijipt

## Ntụaka