Mmetụta nke okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ na mgbanwe ihu igwe

Ụfọdụ mmetụta mgbanwe ihu igwe: ọkụ ọhịa nke okpomọkụ na nkụ na-akpata, coral na-egbuke egbuke kpatara site na acidification na ikpo ọkụ nke oké osimiri, njem gburugburu ebe obibi kpatara ọzara, na idei mmiri dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke oké ifufe na oke osimiri kpatara.

.Mgbanwe ihu igwe na-emetụta gburugburu anụ ahụ, gburugburu ebe obibi na nsogbu mmadụ.  Mgbanwe na usoro ihu igwe na-agụnye usoro ikpo ọkụ n'ozuzu ya, ihu igwe ka njọ na oke oke osimiri.  Ndị a na-emetụta ndị na anụ anụ, yana ebe obibi na nsogbu mmadụ.  [1] mmetụta nke odi ihu igwe nke mmadụ dị ukwuu ma buru ibu.  Nke a bụ ụgbọ ma ọ bụrụ na ahụike ihu igwe dị ama.  Ụfọdụ na-akpọ mgbe ụfọdụ ihe atụ pụtara ma hụ ike nke ihu igwe dị ka nsogbu ihu igwe.

Mgbanwe na ihu igwe echiche otu n'ofe ụwa.  Obodo, ọtụtụ mpaghara ala agbaala ọkụ ngwa ngwa ọtụtụ mpaghara oke osimiri.  Arctic na-ekpo ọkụ ngwa ngwa ọtụtụ mpaghara ndị ọzọ.  [1] Enwere ọtụtụ mgbaka ihu igwe na oke osimiri.  Ndị na-eso ụzọ nke ndị oke osimiri, ịrị elu nke oke osimiri site na okpomoku nke oke osimiri na agbaze mpempe akwụkwọ ice .  Ha na-agụnye nke oke osimiri.  Ha gụ mmetụta n'osimiri nke oke osimiri mbenata mgbasa nke meridional Atlantic .  [2]: 10 Carbon dioxide si n'ikuku na-eme ka acid dị n'oké osimiri.

Recent warming has had a big effect on natural biological systems. It has degraded land by raising temperatures, drying soils and increasing wildfire risk. Species all over the world are migrating towards the poles to colder areas. On land, many species move to higher ground, whereas marine species seek colder water at greater depths. At  of warming, around 10% of species on land would become critically endangered.

Food security and access to fresh water are at risk due to rising temperatures. Climate change has profound impacts on human health. These can be direct impacts via heat stress. They can be indirect changes via the spread of infectious diseases. Humans are vulnerable and exposed to climate change in different ways. This varies by economic sector and by country. Wealthy industrialised countries, which have emitted the most CO2, have more resources. So they are the least vulnerable to global warming. Climate change affects many economic sectors. They include agriculture, fisheries, forestry, energy, insurance, and tourism. Some groups may be particularly at risk from climate change, such as the poor, women, children and indigenous peoples. Climate change can lead to displacement and changes in migration flows.
 

## Mgbanwe na okpomọkụ
 
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Nkezi ikuku ikuku sitere na 2011 ruo 2021 ma e jiri ya tụnyere nkezi 1956–1976. Isi mmalite: NASA
Okpomọkụ zuru ụwa ọnụ na-emetụta akụkụ niile nke usoro ihu igwe nke ụwa.  Okpomọkụ elu ụwa ejirila 1.1 Celsius C (2.0 °F) . Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-ekwu na ha ga-ebili n'ihu n'ọdịnihu.   Mgbanwe na ihu igwe abụghị otu n'ofe ụwa. Karịsịa, ọtụtụ mpaghara ala agbaala ọkụ ngwa ngwa karịa ọtụtụ mpaghara oke osimiri. Arctic na-ekpo ọkụ ngwa ngwa karịa ọtụtụ mpaghara ndị ọzọ.  Okpomọkụ nke abalị amụbaala ngwa ngwa karịa okpomọkụ ehihie.  Mmetụta dị na okike na ndị mmadụ na-adabere n'otú ụwa na-ekpo ọkụ karị. 

.ZNdị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-eji ọtụtụ ụzọ buru amụma mmetụta mgbanwe ihu igwe mmadụ na-akpata.  Otu bụ inyocha mgbanwe okike n'oge gara aga na ihu igwe.[1]  Iji chọpụta mgbanwe na ụwa gara aga ihu igwe ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị amụwo banyere mgbanaka osisi, ice cores, coral, na oké osimiri na sedimenti ọdọ.[2]  Ndị a na-egosi na okpomọkụ na nso nso a karịrị ihe ọ bụla n'ime afọ 2,000 gara aga.[3]  Ka ọ na-erule ngwụsị narị afọ nke 21, okpomọkụ nwere ike ịbawanye ruo ọkwa ikpeazụ a hụrụ n'etiti Pliocene.  Nke a bụ ihe dị ka nde afọ atọ gara aga.[4]  N'oge ahụ, ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ ikpo ọkụ zuru ụwa ọnụ dị ihe dị ka  ọkụ karịa okpomọkụ tupu ụlọ ọrụ.  Ọkwa oke osimiri zuru ụwa ọnụ ruru mita iri abụọ na ise karịa ka ọ dị taa.[5]  Igwe ọkụ nke ọgbara ọhụrụ a hụrụ na nleba anya adịla ngwa ngwa.  ọbụna ihe omume geophysical na mberede na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụwa adịghị abịaru nso ọnụego ugbu a.[6]

Ego ole ụwa na-ekpo ọkụ na-adabere na ikuku gas na-ekpo ọkụ nke mmadụ na otú ihu igwe si enwe ikuku nke ikuku .  [1] Ka carbon dioxide ( CO ) na-esiwanye na ndị awụ nke 21 ka ụwa ga-adị ọkụ ọkụ 2100. Maka okpukpu abụọ nke ikuku griin haus, ndụ nke ụwa ga-ebili ihe dịka 2.5–4 Celsius C (4.5–  7.2ºF).  [2] Kedu ihe ga - eme ma ọ na mpụta nke CO ntụ na-abụ na ojiji nke ojiji na-adịghị mma ?  Ihu igwe nke ndị ebido ebido azụ n'alụ ya tupu ụlọ ọrụ ihe.  Okpomokụ ga-adị n’otu ọkwa ahụ ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa.  Mgbe ihe dị ka otu puku afọ gachara, 20% ruo 30% nke mmadụ na-ahụ CO ga- na ebe mbara ikuku.  oké osimiri na ala agaraghị ewere ha.  Nke a ga-eme ka ọnọdụ ihu igwe ọnọdụ, ogologo oge ka ihe omume

Site na amụma mbelata ugbu a, okpomọkụ ga-adị ihe dịka 2.7&nbsp;Celsius C (2.0–3.6&nbsp;Celsius C) karịa ọkwa ụlọ ọrụ tupu 2100. Ọ ga-arị elu 2.4 Celsius C (4.3 °F) ma ọ bụrụ na gọọmentị emezue nkwa na ebumnuche niile ha kwere. Ọ bụrụ na mba niile setịpụrụ ma ọ bụ na-atụle ebumnuche net-efu ga-enweta ha, okpomọkụ ga-ebili ihe dịka 1.8 Celsius C (3.2 °F) . Enwere nnukwu ọdịiche dị n'etiti atụmatụ mba na nkwa na omume ndị gọọmentị mere gburugburu ụwa.