Morris Alexander

**Morris Alexander** KC (Yiddish; 4 Disemba 1877 - 24 Jenụwarị 1946) bụ onye ọka iwu na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa bụ onye isi nke Obodo ndị Juu nke Cape Town. A maara ya nke ọma maka mkpọsa ya na-aga nke ọma iji mee ka ndị ọchịchị na-achị ala ahụ mara Yiddish dị ka asụsụ Europe, na-enye ọtụtụ puku ndị Juu ohere ịkwaga South Africa. Onye a ma ama na-anabata ihe, Alexander jere ozi n'ụlọ omeiwu South Africa site na 1910 ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1946. 

## Akụkọ ndụ

### Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Morris Alexander na 4 Disemba 1877, na Znin, bụ akụkụ nke Alaeze Prussia dị na Alaeze Ukwu Germany mgbe ahụ. Ọ bụ nwa mbụ n'ime ụmụ asaa nke Abraham Alexander na Flora Lewin . Ezinụlọ ya bụ Ndị Juu Germany; ha kwagara South Africa na 1881. Ọ kwụsịrị agụmakwụkwọ onwe onye ya na Cape Town na 1891 iji nyere ndị mụrụ ya aka n'ịkpata ego na Johannesburg, na-arụ ọrụ mbụ dị ka onye odeakwụkwọ na National Bank ma mesịa bụrụ onye ọrụ nke ọrụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè Cape Colony. [1]

Alexander debanyere aha na South African College na 1893, na-enweta nzere  Bachelor of Arts na 1897. O wee gaa St John's College, Cambridge, na-enweta nzere Bachelor of Laws na 1900. A kpọrọ ya ka ọ bụrụ onye ọkaiwu na Jun afọ ahụ o wee malite ọrụ dịka ọkaiwu na Cape Town na 15 Novemba 1900. A ga-ahọpụta Alexander dịka Onye ikpe Eze na 1919, ma kuziere ya iwu n'otu oge na Diocesan College.[1][4]

### Nkwuchite-ọnụ
Dị ka onye ọka iwu na-eto eto na Cape Town, Alexander sonyeere onye nta akụkọ Dovid Goldblat na mkpọsa maka ịmegharị Yiddish dị ka asụsụ Europe na South Africa.  Iwu e mere na l 1902 chọrọ ka ndị ga-akwaga na Cape mee ule maka ịgụ na ide asụsụ Europe; ha abụọ " lụrụ ọgụ ka e wee were Yiddish dị ka otu n'ime asụsụ ndị dị otú ahụ,  ka o mee ka ndị Juu nwee ike ịbanye na mba ahụ." N'afọ 1903, Alexander duuru ndị isi obodo ndị Juu gaa na onye ọka iwu ukwu nke Cape Colony Thomas Graham, onye nabatara arịrịọ ha ịnakwere Yiddish dị ka asụsụ Europe, nke nyere ọtụtụ puku ndị Juu ohere ịkwaga South Africa.  Nke a na-anọchite anya mgbanwe site na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọdịnala ndị Juu, ebe ọ bụ na a machibidoro ndị Juu ịnọchite anya onwe ha dị ka ndị Juu n'ihe ndị na-emetụtaghị okpukpe. Alexander ga-emesị were nkwenye nke Yiddish dị ka "ihe kachasị mkpa ọ rụzuru na ndụ ya ijere ọha ozi".

Na 4 Septemba 1904, Alexander haziri ndị nnọchi anya ndị isi obodo n'ime Cape Colony Jewish Board of Deputies, nke ghọrọ nzukọ ndị Juu kachasị na mpaghara ahụ. Ọ ga-eje ozi dị ka onyeisi oche ya na dị ka osote onye isi oche nke ndị omebe iwu South African Jewish Board of Deputies site na ntọala nke òtù ahụ ruo n'afọ ndị 1930. Onye na-akwado Zionism, ọ bụkwa onye isi oche nke New Hebrew Congregation na Cape Town ruo afọ iri anọ. 

### Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị
A họpụtara Alexander ka o soro na kansul ndị isi nke obodo Cape Town na 1905, na-eje ozi ruo 1913. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye omeiwu nke Cape of Good Hope na ntuli aka afọ 1908 dị ka onye òtù Progressive Party, na-enweta vootu puku ise na iri abụọ na asaa na mpaghara Cape Town.  Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu nke Cape ruo 1910, mgbe e jikọtara ya na ndị omeiwu ndị ọzọ na-achị achị mgbe e guzobere Union of South Africa. A họpụtara Alexander ka ọ bụrụ onye òtù ụlọ nzukọ omeiwu South Africa na ntuli aka 1910 maka Mpaghara Cape Town Castle, ọ ga-abụkwa onye òtù ndị omeiwu ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1946.

Na mgbakwunye na ịbụ onye isi na Obodo ndị Juu nke Cape Town, Alexander bụkwa onye a ma ama na-anabata ihe na onye na-ekwugide iwu ịkpa ókè na-emetụta obodo ndị na-abụghị ndị ọcha. Na Jun 1907, ọ lụrụ Ruth Schechter - onye ọ maara site n'oge ya na Cambridge na nwa nwanyị nke Solomon Schechter, onye isi oche nke Jewish Theological Seminary of America - na New York. Ụlọ di na nwunye ahụ dị na Cape Town ga-aghọ ebe nzukọ maka ndị isi India na-eleta, nke Alexander si na ya nwee njikọ ya na Mahatma Gandhi. Ya na W. E. B. Du Bois na Bertha Solomon jikọtakwara.  

Malite na afọ ndị 1920, Alexander na Ruth nwere esemokwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-enweghị mgbagha. Ebe Alexander bụ onye nwere nnwere onwe ọdịnala, Ruth bụ onye Marxist na-ekwuchite ọnụ ụmụ nwanyị. Na Ntuli aka nke 1921, o mere ka Alexander kwenye ịghara isonyere òtù South African Party nke Jan Smuts  - nke ọ hụtara dị ka nke na-akpa ókè agbụrụ n'ebe ọ na-arị elu - kama ọ zọọ dị ka onye nọọrọ onwe ya. A họpụtara Alexander ọzọ dị ka onye òtù Constitutional Democratic Party e guzobere ọhụrụ, nke ọ ga-abụkwa onye isi oche nke pati ahụ na naanị onye omeiwu ya site na 1921 ruo 1929. O sonyeere South African Party na 1931 n'agbanyeghị nkatọ ya maka mbọ òtù ahụ na-agba iji gbochie ndị Juu ịkwaga n'ime afọ iri gara aga. Ruth weere di ya iwe na 1923 mgbe o kwupụtara na Okpukpe ndị Juu bụ "ihe megidere Bolshevism" n'okwu ya na-akatọ Nnupụisi Rand. Ọ gara n'ihu na-eme ihe ike mgbe e jichiri nwanne ya nwanyị na Loray Mill strike na United States. 

Oge nkewa nke di na nwunye ahụ bịara na 1930, mgbe Alexander kwadoro iwu gara nke ọma nke gọọmentị J. B. M. Hertzog wepụtara nke nyere ụmụ nwanyị ọcha ikike ịtụ vootu. Ruth, nke na-enwekwu nkụda mmụọ maka óké nnwere onwe nke di ya, katọrọ iwu a dị ka nke na-agbadata maka iwepụ ụmụ nwanyị na-abụghị ndị ọcha ma bụrụkwuo usoro iji mee ka ndị na-abụghị nke ndị ọcha ghara ịtụ vootu. Ruth na mbụ kwupụtara ebumnuche ya ịghara idebanye aha maka ịtụ vootu, mana mgbe Alexander gwara ya na ịghara ide aha bụ mpụ, o kwuru ebumnuche ya kamakwa ka ọ gbaa ya alụkwaghịm "mgbe ụmụ ha toruru iekọta onwe ha". Ruth na onye ọ hụrụ n'anya hapụrụ South Africa na 1933; afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, ya na Alexander gbara alụkwaghịm. Ọnwa abụọ ka ịgba alụkwaghịm ya gasịrị, Alexander lụrụ Enid Asenath Baumberg nke Sydney, Australia. N'ime afọ ndị 1930 niile, Alexander bụ onye mmegide siri ike nke mmegharị ndị Nazi na-eto eto na South Africa.

Alexander nwụrụ na Cape Town na 24 Jenụwarị 1946.  Nwunye ya nke abụọ Enid bipụtara akụkọ ndụ ya na 1957, a na-ejikwa akwụkwọ ya n'ọba akwụkwọ Mahadum Cape Town.

## Edensibịa

### Ihe ndị edeturu

### Ndị a rụrụ aka e dere n'akwụkwọ

### Ọrụ ndị e depụtara
 

## Ịgụrụ Gawa
 
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