David Butler (onye na-ese ihe)

David Butler (1898 – 1997) bụ onye ọkpụ akpụ na onye na-ese ihe sitere na Olile anya dị mma, Louisiana .  Akpụkpọ ụkwụ ya bụ ihe ọkpụkpụ nke e ji gbamgbam ma ọ bụ osisi eme ụkpụrụ, bụ́ ndị o ji agba juru eju na pụtara geometric , mma.  [1] Ụbọchị ya dị ugbu a na nchịkọta na-agwụ nke Smithsonian American Art Museum, [2] American Folk Art Museum, [3] na Philadelphia Museum of Art

## Ndụ mbido
Butler bụ ọkpara n'ime ụkpụrụ.  Nna ya bụ gbo nkà na nne ya bụ onye ozi ala ọzọ Baptist.  [1] [2] Amụrụ ma nkọwa na Good Hope, Luusiana, Butler mmetụta mkpa akpụ na osisi n'okpuru nduzi nna ya.  [3] Ọ na akwụkwọ n'oge ọ bụ nwata iji lekọta chiri ya ozi ya mgbe nne na nna ya na-arụ ọrụ.  Oge ya ụfọdụ na-atụ ndị ndụ ma na-elekọta ndị ya ndị na-eso ya, bụ ndị na-eri nri na-ahụ ihe na ihe na-atọ ụtọ nke mechara mee ka ọrụ ya dị elu.

Butler nwere ọrụ dị iche iche nke ndị bi na Atchafalaya Basin, dị ka igbutu na okpete, [1] na-arụ ọrụ n' ike ọrụ igwe na ụlọ ọrụ pulp, [2] na obere oge tupu ezumike nka ya, na-  arụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ igbe 

Ndị 1960 wetara ma ọgba aghara nsogbu na eze na nke onwe na ndụ Butler.  Ntọhapụ na òtù ndị ruuru mmadụ mere ka ndụ na ndị Louisiana na-esiwanye ike maka obodo ndị America America.  N'afọ 1962, a manyere Butler ịla ezumike nká na nna n'ihi ahụ ahụ ọta na ụlọ ọrụ igbe.  [1] [2] [3] Na 1968 nyere Elnora ọnwụ.  N'ijikọta na ezumike nká ya, nke a mere ka ọ nwee ahụmahụ "ụjọ na-ahụ ala ala."  [2] [3] Mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká, Butler egwu ụlọ ụlọ ya na mbara ya mma site n'ịgbanwe tin eji mee osisi maka ubi ya, [4] windo (nke ọ rụpụtara "ọta nkọwa" [3]  ]), na "whirliggs" nke mere ka ifufe si dị.  Ọ bụ onye a ma maka ịnya ụgbọ, dị ka naanị ụgbọ njem ya, otu igwe eji mma nke ọma nke achọtara ma achọ ihe ndị na-agbagharị ma na-agagharị ka wiil na- arọ.  Butler njem ọ na-agba kwa ụbọchị maịl ise dị ka nke ngalaba ya aka ịkọrọ ndị ọzọ ọrụ ya

Ụbọchị Butler dɔtara uche nke ndị na-anakọta nka na ndị na-ahụ maka ọrụ ngwa ngwa, na ka ọ na-erule afọ 1980, ndị nchịkọta ma ọ bụ ndị otu obodo na-emebi akwụkwọ ya na ụlọ ya.  Nsogbu ndị a mere ka ya na nwa nwanne ya banye.  [1] N'ikpeazụ, ọ chọpụtara n'ebe a na-elekọta ndị agadi na Morgan City, Louisiana, ebe ọ nwụrụ na 1997

## Ọrụ
David Butler ji sere ngosi "The Tin Man" site n'aka eserese obodo.  [1] Ọ mmetụta nka na 60s ya.  O bu ụzọ jiri gbamgba agbagharị na ihe ndị ọzọ achọtara, ola ndị a na-ahụ ahụkebe na-arụ ọrụ iji jide ihe ọkpụkpụ na silhouettes nwere ihe abụọ, bụ ndị na-achọ ụlọ ya na gburugburu ya mma.  Ojiji Butler jiri ihe eji eji egosi bụ ihudia yana dabere na osisi ya na "ihe eji eme ihe nwere ndụ."  [1] edemede agba ndị ọ na-eji ụda ndị ọzọ mma bụ ndị ọzọ nyere ya ka o mechara ihe bara uru

Butler ji ngwá ọrụ ndị dị mfe dị ka tin snips, ihe nkedo anụ ochie, hama, na ntu, na-egbutu, gbagọọ na kpụrụ akpụ gbamgbam gbamgbam.  [1] Ọ bụrụ na-egosi na-egosi, nke na-agagharị agagharị.  Ọ na-ese ihe ọkpụkpụ ndị a n'ụdị geometric na agba dị egwu.  O wepụrụ silhouette ụmụ, anụmanụ, na ihe kpatara n'ịgba ụlọ, bụ nke o ji na windo ụlọ ya.  Nke a na-enye nhọrọ ka ìhè si na windo gafe ma tụba ọkwa mara mma n'ime ime.  Ọ enyi ya na onye na-ese ihe, John Geldersma, na gwara ihe windo ndị a bụ "ọta akwụkwọ," nke na-echebe ya ihe na ihe oriri na-emekpa ya ahụ mgbe e gosiri nwụsịrị.

Ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta na-eme njikọ n'etiti akara ngosi na nkà Butler na omenala West African na Afro-Caribbean dị ka Kongolese Cosmograms na ihe ịchọ mma ili, nkà na-ewu ewu Haiti, na Vodun .    Ọ bụ ezie na Butler ekwenyeghị na nkwupụta ndị a, o kwenyesiri ike na ọrụ ya sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ ma rụọ ya maka Chineke. O kwuru na ya nwetara “nrọ sitere n’aka Chineke” nke kpaliri ya.  A mụtara okwukwe ya site n'aka nne ya, onye ozi ala ọzọ Baptist, na-ahapụ Butler na-enweghị mmasị maka ire ọrụ ya.  Na nkwupụta maka Artist's Alliance na 1983, o kwuru "Enwere m ike ịme ihe n'ihi na Chineke nyere m onyinye. Chineke achọghị ka onye ọ bụla na-ere ihe bụ onyinye. Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere onyinye, mgbe ahụ ị gaghị ewere mba. ego."  N'ime ndụ ya niile, ọ jụrụ ebubo na ya bụ onye na-ese ihe na ọ dịghị mgbe ọ gara mmeghe ngosi ma ọ bụ mee nleta gallery. 

Ka ọrụ Butler nwetara nlebara anya site na ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na ndị nchịkọta, ndị mmadụ malitere iji onyinye na gburugburu ebe obibi Butler. N'ụzọ doro anya, ndị na-anakọta ihe ga-abanye n'ihe onwunwe ya n'amaghị ọkwa, na-abụkarị mgbe Butler na-anọghị n'ụlọ, na-arụ ọrụ site na nchịkọta ya, ma hapụ ụgwọ ọ bụla ha hụrụ na ọ dị mma na-enweghị ndụmọdụ ma ọ bụ nweta ikike n'aka Butler.  Ezinụlọ ya werekwa iberibe iberibe ma resị ha ndị na-ere ihe n'enyeghị ikike. Ọbụlagodi mgbe Butler kwapụrụ n'ụlọ ya a wakporo gaa n'ebe obibi enyere aka, ụmụ ya gara n'ihu na-emegharị ọrụ ya ma na-ere ya ndị nwere ike ịzụrụ ya. 

### Ihe ngosi na mkpokọta na-adịgide adịgide
Edere ọrụ Butler na ihe ngosi ndị a:

* *Ọhụụ Ekekọrịtara, Eziokwu dị iche.* 22 Maachị-2 Mee. 1985 *,* East Campus Gallery- Valencia Community College, Valencia, LA.
* *Ime na anyanwụ: Onyonyo ọhụụ sitere na ndịda.* 1987, Mahadum Southwwest Louisiana Art Museum, Lafayette, LA.
* *Art Folk Art na America: 1930–1980.* 14 Feb.- 28 Maachị 1989, Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington DC
* *Ọ ga-abụ eziokwu: Ndị nka iri na otu mbụ na nke ikpeazụ.* 11 Eprel-16 Mee 1992, Njikọ ndị nka nka, Lafayette, LA.
* *Oghere dị elu na ụwa ọhụụ: gburugburu wuru nke ndị nka obodo.* 2007, John Michael Kohler Arts Center, Sheboygan, WI.
* *N'èzí Art nke David Butler.* 15 Jun. 2011- Maachị 2012, Louisiana State Museum, New Orleans.
* *Ebe nchekwa: David Butler-- Usoro ihe ngosi njem na-erughị ala.* 17 Mee- 10 Sep. 2017, John Michael Kohler Arts Center, Sheboygan, WI.
* *Outliers na Vanguard Artists.* 28 Jenụwarị - 13 Mee. 2018, National Gallery of Art, Washington DC
* *Olu ndị obodo: Onye kụziri onwe ya, onye nọ n'èzí, na nka ọhụụ sitere na mkpokọta na-adịgide adịgide.* 8 Mar.- 14 Jul 2019, Ogden Museum of Southern Art, New Orleans.

A na-arụ ọrụ Butler na mkpokọta ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie ndị a:

* Ihe ngosi ihe ngosi nka nke Afrika nke Dallas 'Billy R. Allen Folk Art Collection
* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Philadelphia .
* Ihe ngosi High Museum's T. Marshall Hahn mkpokọta.
* Ogden Museum nke Southern Art .
* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke New Orleans
* American Folk Art Museum
* Akron Art Museum
* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke International Folk Art
* Smithsonian American Art Museum