Veronica Ryan

**Veronica Maudlyn Ryan** OBE RA (amụrụ 1956 na Plymouth, Montserrat ) bụ onye ọkpụ ọkpụ Britain mụrụ Montserrat . Ya na ndị mụrụ ya kwagara London mgbe ọ bụ nwa ọhụrụ ma bi ugbu a n'agbata New York na Bristol. Na Disemba 2022, Ryan meriri nturu ugo Turner maka ọrụ 'abụ uri' ya. 

## Ndụ mbido
Amụrụ na 1956 na Plymouth, Montserrat,  Ryan na-echeta mmasị ya n'ịzụlite nka n'oge afọ akwụkwọ ya. Karịsịa, ọ na-echeta na-eme osisi ekeresimesi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ụmụ ọhụrụ ma na-akpali ya site n'iji ihe eji eme ihe n'ụzọ dị ntakịrị.  Ọ na-ehotakwa ihe nkedo nke nne ya dị ka ihe mkpali maka nka ya. 

Ryan gụrụ akwụkwọ na Hertfordshire College of Art and Design (1974-75), Bath Academy of Art (1975-78), Slade School of Fine Art (1978-80), University College London, na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ maka Oriental na African Studies (SOAS), 1981–83). 

Site na mmalite, Ryan chọsiri ike ịpụ n'ụdị nke oge a nke British modernism ka a na-akụzi ya site na ịbịaru ụdị dịgasị iche iche nke ụmụ nwanyị na-ese ihe na ndị na-ese agba. Otu n'ime mmetụta mbụ ya bụ onye Germany na-akpụ akpụ bụ Eva Hesse, onye ọrụ ọ hụrụ na mbụ na 1979, mgbe ihe ngosi *Eva Hesse: Sculpture* gara na Whitechapel Gallery . N'otu oge ahụ, Ryan chọpụtara ọrụ Louise Bourgeois na Alice Aycock na Hayward Gallery. Mmetụta ọzọ na-emepụta ihe bụ Barbara Hepworth . Akwụkwọ ọhụrụ Beacon bụ ebe Ryan gara ịchọta ozi gbasara ndị na-ese ihe na ndị na-ese ihe na-abụghị ndị ọdịda anyanwụ.  N'afọ 1980, e nyere Ryan akwụkwọ nkuzi njem njem Boise site na Slade. Nke a nyere ya ohere ileta Nigeria. N'ebe ahụ, ọ bịara nwee mmasị karịsịa n'imegharịgharị ihe oriri ndị a na-eri kwa ụbọchị, gụnyere nri na ihe mkpofu ephemeral, ka ọ bụrụ ihe e ji achụ àjà ime mmụọ na ebe arụsị. Njem ahụ kpaliri ya ịga n'ihu n'agụmakwụkwọ ya na ogo MPhil na akụkọ ihe mere eme na SOAS. 

Ryan gụchara akwụkwọ ya na mmalite nke 1980, oge nke ịrị elu nke British Black Arts Movement mara. O sonyere na ihe ngosi 1983 *Black Women Time Ugbu a* .  Ntinye aka ya na *The Thin Black Line* (ICA, London, 1985) na *Site na Ụwa Abụọ* ( Whitechapel Gallery, London; Fruitmarket Gallery, Edinburgh, 1986) pụtara na ọ ghọrọ onye na-emegide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. Mgbe e mesịrị, o chere na ọ dị mkpa ka o dokwuo anya na ọrụ ya ekwesịghị ịbụ nanị agbụrụ. O kwuru, "N'oge niile, enwere m ndị mmadụ dị iche iche na-akatọ m nke ukwuu n'ihi na adabaghị m n'usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ha. 

## Ọkpụkpụ
thumb| ''Custard Apple (Annonaceae), Breadfruit (Moraceae) na Soursop (Annonaceae)'' na Hackney, London
Ihe ndị Ryan masịrị na-esite na ndị dị arọ dị ka ciment, ọla kọpa, ndu na plasta a na-ese, ruo ndị dị mfe na ndị ọzọ dị ka akwụkwọ, uzuzu, ifuru na ábụbà.  Ọkpụkpụ ya bụ ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe ma na-eche ihu biomorphic, na-amasị ụdị organic dị ka pods, shells, husks na osisi. *Relics in the Pillow of Dreams* (1985) bụ ihe atụ nke ihe ịchọ mma a. The organic ọdịdị nke Ryan ọrụ accentuated site ya kpọmkwem ọnyịnye n'ala, na-enweghị a plinth.

Igodo bụkwa njikọ dị n'etiti akpa na ọdịnaya, ya mere n'etiti ime na mpụta akụkụ. N'ime edemede e bipụtara iji kwekọọ na ihe ngosi ya na Camden Arts Center na Angel Row Gallery, Ryan kọwara otú obere ụlọ ọrụ ya dị na New York si bụrụkwa ihe nnọchianya nke akpa ahụ, yana dịka ebe a na-akpụ akpụ nke nchịkọta kwa ụbọchị, ikpo uzuzu, nkwụnye ego. bụrụ ihe na-echegbu onwe ya n'ọrụ.  N'echiche, Ryan na-adọta na nchikota nke ahụmahụ onwe onye, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nna ochie na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ngwaahịa sitere na ndị obodo Britain Caribbean, ọ na-akpachara anya na ajụjụ gbasara mmalite, ebe nchekwa na ihe gbasara ọnọdụ na ọdịdị ala. A na-ajụkwa gbasara ụlọ, ọmụmụ na ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị n'ime ọha mmadụ n'ihe ọkpụkpụ ya. 

Na 1 Ọktoba 2021, ekpughere akụkụ atọ nke Ryan, marble na bronze ,  na , na-egosipụta mkpụrụ osisi Caribbean atọ, na mpaghara London nke Hackney dị ka ihe ncheta ọha na eze mbụ na-adịgide adịgide nke London. ọgbọ Windrush,  na ihe osise ọhaneze izizi na-adịgide adịgide nke otu nwanyị ojii na-ese ihe na UK.  Triptych nwetara ihe nrite Marsh 2022 maka Ọkachamma na Ọhụụ Ọha . 

## Ihe ngosi na ebe obibi
Ihe ngosi Solo gụnyere *Virginia Woolf: Ngosipụta sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ ya* na Tate St Ives na njem (2018); *Ihe ngosi mkpokọta ihe ọkpụkpụ*, Leeds Gallery Henry Moore Institute (2018); Ụlọ Art Wakefield (2017/18); *Ihu igwe dị n'ime* na Ụlọ ihe nkiri Mattress, Pittsburgh PA (2011/12); *Archaeology nke Black Sun.* *Musings Mgbe Kristeva* na Salena Gallery, Long Island University, New York (2005). Na mbụ, Ryan nwere ihe ngosi solo na Camden Arts Center, London na Angel Row, Nottingham (1995); Kettle's Yard, Cambridge, na Riverside Studios, London (1988); ICA, London (1987); Ụlọ ihe nkiri Arnolfini, Bristol (1987). Ihe ngosi solo mbụ ya bụ na Tom Allen Center (1984).

Ryan sonyere n'ọtụtụ ihe ngosi otu. Na 2017, etinyere ya na *Ebe dị ebe a* na Nottingham Contemporary, Nottingham. Na 2015, a nọchitere anya ya na ihe ngosi ihe ngosi nka nke mkpokọta nka *nke Ime Ya: Ọkpụkpụ na Britain 1977–1986* . A gụnyere Ryan na ihe nkiri nlegharị anya *na nso nso a Ọkpụrụkpụ British*, nke ndị Kansụl Arts haziri na 1993–94.  N'afọ 1990, e gosipụtara ọrụ ya na *British Art Show* na Hayward Gallery, London. Na 1986, o gosiri na Stoke City Garden Festival na Stoke-on-Trent, yana ịbụ akụkụ nke ihe ngosi *From Worlds Two* na Whitechapel Gallery na London na Fruitmarket Gallery na Edinburgh.  Na 1985, a gụnyere ọrụ ya na *[[The Thin Black Line]]*, ihe ngosi na-eme ka Lubaina Himid kwadoro na ICA, London. Na 1983, Ryan nọ na *ise ndị na-ese ojii ojii*, nke Himid kwadoro, oge a na Africa Center, London. N'afọ sochirinụ, o tinyere aka na *Sculptors na Modellers* at Tate .

Ryan bi na Tate St Ives na 1998 na 2000–01, mgbe ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ụlọ ihe nkiri mbụ nke Barbara Hepworth wee jiri marble nke Hepworth Estate nyere onyinye. Na June 2017, o nwere ebe obibi na The Art House, Wakefield, ebe ọ tụgharịrị nyocha njikọ ya na Barbara Hepworth n'ihe gbasara isiokwu nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nna ochie, ezinụlọ na ebe nchekwa. 

## Nchịkọta
Ọrụ Ryan dị na mkpokọta na-adịgide adịgide nke Pérez Art Museum Miami,   Florida; Kansụl nka nke Great Britain, Tate, na mkpokọta Henry Moore.  E jikwa ihe atụ nke ihe ọkpụkpụ ya na Firstsite, Colchester; Mellon Bank, Pittsburgh; Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Rochdale ; Contemporary Arts Society ; Weltkunst Foundation, London; Mkpokọta Salsbury; Nchịkọta Irvin Joffe, London; Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Cleveland County; Nchịkọta mmụta mmụta Boise. 

## Nkwanye ugwu na nnabata
Na 2019, e nyere Ryan onyinye Pollock Krasner . Na 2018, ọ bụ onye nnata nke Freelands Award sitere na Freelands Foundation maka ihe ngosi na Spike Island n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 2020.  Na mbụ, ọ natara Henry Moore Foundation Award (1987). Na 1983, Ryan bụ onye meriri n'ọsọ nke abụọ na Cleveland International Drawing Biennale. Eserese Ryan nke onye na-ese foto Andy Feldman nọ na nchịkọta nke National Portrait Gallery, London 

A họpụtara Ryan onye ọrụ nke Order of the British Empire (OBE) na 2021 Birthday Honors maka ọrụ nka.  Na 2022 Ryan meriri Turner Prize . 

## Ntụaka
ifuru na ábụbà.mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 2020.  Na mbụ, ọ natara Henry Moore Foundation Award (1987). Na 1983, Ryan bụ onye meriri n'ọsọ  Ọkpụkpụ ya bụ ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe ma na-eche ihu biomorphic, na-amasị ụdị organic dị ka pods, shells, husks na osisi. Relics in the Pillow of Dreams (1985) bụ ihe atụ nke ihe ịchọ mma a. The organic ọdịdị nke Ryan ọrụ accentuated site ya kpọmkwem ọnyịnye n'ala, na


## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* Eddie Chambers, *Ndị Ojii Artists na British Art: Akụkọ ihe mere eme kemgbe 1950* (London; New York: IB Tauris, 2014).
* Lubaina Himid, *The Thin Black Line* (London: ICA, 1985).
* Veronica Ryan, *Veronica Ryan: Ngalaba/Apartment* (London: Camden Arts Center, 1995).
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations