Hassaniya Arabic

**Hassaniya Arabic** (; nakwa mara dị ka , , , , na Maure) bụ ụdị Arabic Maghrebi dị iche iche nke ndị Arab Mauritania na ndị Sahrawi na-asụ. Ọ bụ Beni Ḥassān kwuru ya Bedouin ebo nke Yemen si malite ndị gbatịrị ikike ha n'elu ọtụtụ nke Mauritania na Morocco's ebo sitere na Yemeni bụ ndị gbatịpụrụ ikike ha n'ọtụtụ nke Mauritania na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ na Western Sahara n'etiti narị afọ nke 15 na 17. Hassaniya Arabic bụ asụsụ ebo sitere na Yemeni bụ ndị   . 

Asụsụ a anọchiwo Asụsụ Berber nke a na-asụ na mpaghara a. Ọ bụ ezie na o doro anya na ọ bụ olumba ọdịda anyanwụ, Hassānīya dịtụ anya site na ụdị Maghrebi ndị ọzọ nke Arabic. Ebe ọ dị mere ka ọ ghara inwe mmetụta sitere na Zenaga-Berber na Wolof. E nwere ọtụtụ olumba nke Hassaniya, nke dị iche na ụdaume.  ka nwere akara nke South Arabian na Hassaniya Arabic nke a na-asụ n'etiti Rio de Oro na Timbuktu, dị ka G. S. Colin si kwuo. Taa, a na-asụ Hassaniya Arabic na Algeria, Morocco, Mauritania, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal na Western Sahara.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
Usoro ụdaume nke Hassānīya na-egosipụta ma ihe ọhụrụ na ihe nchedo. A na-anọchite anya ụdaume niile nke Classical Arabic n'asụsụ ahụ, mana enwere ọtụtụ ụdaume ọhụrụ. Dị ka ọ dị n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ nke Bedouin, Classical /q/ kwekọrọ na dialectal ; /dń/ na  agbakọtawo na /ð /; a chekwaala interdentals  na /đ/. A na-ahụ mkpụrụedemede ج  dị ka .

### Mkpụrụedemede
Vowel phonemes na-abịa n'usoro abụọ: ogologo na mkpirikpi. Mkpụrụedemede ogologo bụ otu ihe ahụ dị na Classical Arabic , ndị dị mkpirikpi na-agbatị nke a site na otu: . Enwere ike ịghọta diphthongs  na  n'ọtụtụ ụzọ dị iche iche, ụdị ndị a na-ahụkarị bụ  na , n'otu n'otu. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, nghọta dị ka  na  yana  na  ga-ekwe omume, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị ihe a na-ahụkarị.

Dị ka ọ dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ Maghrebi Arabic, a na-ahapụkarị ụdaume dị mkpirikpi na mkpụrụedemede mepere emepe (ma e wezụga aha nwanyị na-agwụ ):  >  'ị (f. sg.) dee',  > */ka-tab/ > / Jokerb/ 'ọ dere'. N'ime mkpụrụedemede ndị fọdụrụnụ  na-adaba na /a/ nke oge ochie, ebe  na  jikọtara na . Otú ọ dị, n'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama,  na-anọchite anya  na  site na  na ọnọdụ okwu mbụ tupu ụdaume:  'M guzoro n'elu' (mgbọrọgwụ *w-g-f*; cf. / refubt/ 'M dere', mgbọrọgwụ *k-t-b*),  'ọ na-agbadata' (ihe mbido *i-*; cf. /jə. jumpingb/ 'ọ bụ ihe mbido *jə-*). N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ụdaume mbụ a na-adịkwu ogologo, nke na-egosi n'ụzọ doro anya ọnọdụ ụdaume ya:  'ha guzoro ọtọ'. Na mgbakwunye, na-ahụ ụdaume dị mkpirikpi /a i/ na mkpụrụedemede mepere emepe na okwu ndị a gbazitere na Berber, dị ka  'nwoke',  'nwa ehi nke 1 ruo 2 afọ', na  na nhazi na-agaghị agafe agafe:  'a zutere ya' (cf. /ɡaː.kəl/ 'ọ zutere').

## Mgbanwe koodu
Ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta Hassaniya Arabic na-agbakwa koodu mgbanwe. Na Western Sahara ọ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị maka mgbanwe koodu n'etiti Hassaniya Arabic, Modern Standard Arabic, na Spanish, dịka Spain na-achịkwa mpaghara a; na ala ndị ọzọ na-asụ Hassaniya, French bụ asụsụ ọzọ a na-asụrụ.

## Orthography
A na-ejikarị mkpụrụedemede Arabic dee Hassaniya Arabic. Otú ọ dị, na Senegal, gọọmentị ejirila mkpụrụedemede Latin dee asụsụ ahụ, dịka iwu 2005-980 nke October 21, 2005 si kwuo. 

## Ndị ọkà okwu nkesa
Dị ka Ethnologue si kwuo, e nwere ihe dịka nde mmadụ atọ na-asụ asụsụ Hassaniya, nke e kesara dị ka ndị a:

* Mauritania: 2,770,000 (2006) 
* Western Sahara na mpaghara ndịda nke Morocco, nke a maara dị ka **Mpaghara Tekna**: 200,000+ (1995) 
* Mali: 175,800 - 210,000 (2000) 
* Senegal: 162,000 (2015) 
* Algeria: 150,000 (1985) 
* Libya: 40,000 (1985) 
* Niger: 10,000 (1998) 

## Hụkwa
 

* Ụdị Arabic dị iche iche
* Asụsụ Nemadi
* Ndị Imraguen

## Ihe odide
 

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* 
* "Hassaniya, the Arabic of Mauritania", Al-Any, Riyadh S. / In: Linguistics; vol. 52 (1969), peeji nke 15 / 1969
* "Hassaniya, the Arabic of Mauritania", Al-Any, Riyadh S. / In: Studies in linguistics; vol. 19 (1968), afl. 1 (mrt), peeji nke 1 19 / 1968
* "Hassaniya Arabic (Mali): Poetic and Ethnographic Texts", Heath, Jeffrey; Kaye, Alan S. / In: Journal of Near Eastern studies; vol.  65 (2006), afl. 3, peeji nke 218 (1) / 2006
* *Hassaniya Arabic (Mali): ederede uri na ethnographic *, Heath, Jeffrey / Harrassowitz / 2003
* *Hassaniya Arabic (Mali) - Bekee - French dictionary*, Heath, Jeffrey / Harrassowitz / 2004
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 2006. Ḥassāniya Arabic. Na Kees Versteegh (ed.), Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics, 240-250. Leiden: E.~J.~Ọ na-egbuke egbuke.

## Njikọ mpụga