Gburugburu Ebe Obibi na Mgbanwe ihu igwe Canada

Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC; French: Environnement et Change climatique Canada), bụ ngalaba nke Gọọmenti Canada na-ahụ maka ịhazi atumatu na mmemme gburugburu ebe obibi, yana ichekwa na ịkwalite gburugburu ebe obibi na ihe ndị nwere ike imeghari. A na-akpọkwa ya aha mbụ ya, Environment Canada (EC; French: Environnement Canada).

Onye minista na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na mgbanwe ihu igwe abụrụla Steven Guilbeault kemgbe Ọktoba 26, 2021; Mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi na mgbanwe ihu igwe Canada na-akwado iwu onye ozi nke: "ichekwa ma kwalite ịdịmma nke gburugburu ebe obibi, gụnyere mmiri, ikuku, ala, ahịhịa na anụ ọhịa; chekwaa ihe ndị Canada nwere ike imeghari; chekwaa ma chebe akụ mmiri Canada; buru amụma ọnọdụ ihu igwe kwa ụbọchị na ihu igwe. ịdọ aka ná ntị, ma na-enye ozi ihu igwe zuru ezu nye ndị Canada nile; manye iwu gbasara mmiri oke oke; na ịhazi amụma gburugburu ebe obibi na mmemme maka gọọmenti etiti." Onye ozi ahụ na-enye ntụziaka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma na-ahụ maka ngalaba ahụ na nzuko omeiwu, na-arụ ọrụ kwa ụbọchị site n'aka onye osote minista.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme

### Ọrụ gọọmentị etiti
N'okpuru iwu nke Canada, ọrụ maka nlekọta gburugburu ebe obibi na Canada bụ ọrụ dị n'etiti gọọmenti etiti na gọọmenti etiti. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, gọọmentị mpaghara nwere ikike izizi maka njikwa akụrụngwa gụnyere ikwe ka mkpofu ihe mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ikuku). Gọọmenti etiti na-ahụ maka njikwa ihe na-egbu egbu na mba ahụ (dịka, benzene). Ngalaba ahụ na-enye ọrụ nlekọta nke Mmemme Nhọrọ Gburugburu Ebe Obibi, nke na-enye ndị na-azụ ahịa akara eco-labelling maka ngwaahịa emepụtara n'ime Canada ma ọ bụ ọrụ ndị na-agbaso ụkpụrụ ọkọlọtọ mba ụwa nke (GEN) Global Ecolabelling Network.

N'okpuru iwu Canada Environmental Protection Act (CEPA 1999) (RS, 1999, c. 33), ECCC ghọrọ ngalaba gọọmentị etiti na-edu ndú iji hụ na ekpochasị ihe mkpofu dị ize ndụ na mwụfu mmanụ nke gọọmenti na-ahụ maka ya, na inye ndị ọzọ aka ọrụ aka. ikike na ngalaba nkeonwe dịka achọrọ. Ngalaba ahụ na-ahụkwa maka nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi mba ụwa (dịka ọmụmaatụ, okwu ikuku Canada-USA). CEPA bụ akụkụ etiti nke iwu gburugburu ebe obibi Canada mana edochiri ya mgbe mmejuputa mmefu ego Bill C-38 malitere na June 2012.

### ''Iwu Mmiri'' Canada na ịmepụta ngalaba
"N'ịghọta mkpa ọ dị maka nlekọta gburugburu ebe obibi ka mma, gọọmenti etiti gọọmenti kwadoro iwu Canada Water Act na 1970 wee kee Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe obibi na 1971, na-enyefe Inland Water Directorate inye nduzi mba maka njikwa mmiri mmiri. N'okpuru Iwu Iwu , 1867, na Mpaghara bụ "ndị nwe" akụrụngwa mmiri ma nwee nnukwu ọrụ na njikwa ha kwa ụbọchị.Gọọmentị etiti nwere ọrụ ụfọdụ akọwapụtara gbasara mmiri, dịka ịkụ azụ na njem ụgbọ mmiri, yana ịrụ ụfọdụ ọrụ zuru oke dịka omume. nke mpụga ihe."

Iwu mmiri mmiri Canada (nke ekwusara na Septemba 30, 1970) na-enye usoro maka imekọ ihe ọnụ na mpaghara na mpaghara na nchekwa, mmepe na iji akụrụngwa mmiri Canada. Iwu Canada Environmental Protection Act, 1999, mezuru usoro maka nchekwa na akụrụngwa mmiri. Environment and Climate Change Canada bụ ngalaba gọọmentị etiti na-ahụ maka ichekwa na ichekwa akụrụngwa mmiri Canada. Iwu mmiri (2000), iwu gọọmentị etiti, "na-akwado ma kwalite nchekwa na njikwa mmiri, gụnyere oke amamihe na iji mmiri eme ihe." Mpaghara ndị ahụ na-ahụ maka ịhazi Iwu mmiri (2000). Na Alberta dịka ọmụmaatụ, Alberta Environment and Water bụ ọrụ maka ịhazi Iwu mmiri (2000) na Iwu nchekwa na nkwalite gburugburu (2000). Ministri gburugburu ebe obibi na-ebute ụzọ mmemme Water for Life (2003). Mpaghara na-arụkwa ọrụ ma na-ahụ maka "iwu nke mmiri ọñụñụ obodo, mmiri mkpofu, na usoro mmiri ozuzo."

### Akụkọ ihe mere eme n'oge na-adịbeghị anya

#### Nkwekọrịta Kyoto
Na Disemba 2011, Minister nke gburugburu ebe obibi Peter Kent kwupụtara mwepụta Canada na Protocol Kyoto otu ụbọchị ka ndị mkparita ụka si ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mba 200 zukọrọ na Durban, South Africa na 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference (November 28 – December 11), mezuru marathon. nke okwu ihu igwe iji guzobe nkwekọrịta ọhụrụ iji gbochie ikuku carbon. Mkparịta ụka Durban na-eduga na nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta ọhụrụ nwere ebumnuche maka mba niile ka ọ malite na 2020.

Kent rụrụ ụka na, "The Kyoto protocol anaghị ekpuchi ndị kasị ibu n'ụwa abụọ emitters, United States na China, ya mere enweghị ike ịrụ ọrụ." Na 2010 Canada, Japan na Russia kwuru na ha agaghị anabata nkwa Kyoto ọhụrụ. Canada bụ naanị mba jụrụ nkwekọrịta Kyoto. Kent rụrụ ụka na ebe ọ bụ na Canada enweghị ike iru ihe mgbaru ọsọ, ọ dị mkpa iji zere $ 14 ijeri ntaramahụhụ maka ị nwetaghị ebumnuche ya. Mkpebi a dọtara nzaghachi zuru ụwa ọnụ. Steeti ndị Kyoto Protocol (US na China) na-ekpuchiteghị ihe ndị a na-eme n'ọkụ nwere oke ikuku, na-ahụ maka 41% nke Protocol Kyoto. Mgbapụta ọkụ nke China mụbara ihe karịrị 200% site na 1990 ruo 2009.

#### Mmefu ego nke afọ 2012
Ọrụ, Uto na Ọganihu Ogologo Ogologo oge nke 2012 gọọmenti etiti mmefu ego dochie Canadian Environmental Assessment Act (CEAA 1992, 1999) na Canadian Environmental Assessment Act, 2012. Canadian Environmental Protection Act, Species at Risk Act, National Energy Board Act. , Iwu Canada mmanụ na gas na-arụ ọrụ, Iwu Nchekwa Nuclear na Control Act, Iwu Azụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, imechi Mpaghara Ọdọ Mmiri Experimental) niile nwere nnukwu mgbanwe n'okpuru Bill C-38. Site n'itinye aka na ọrụ, ọganihu na ọganihu dị ịrịba ama ka e mewo ka usoro nyocha gburugburu ebe obibi gọọmenti etiti (EA) na usoro nhazi gburugburu ebe obibi.

#### 2015 mgbanwe aha
Na 2015, gọọmentị Trudeau a họpụtara ọhụrụ gbanwere aha ngalaba n'okpuru Federal Identity Programme si Environment Canada gaa na gburugburu na mgbanwe ihu igwe Canada. Ọchịchị ọhụrụ ahụ kwuru na e mere mgbanwe a iji "na-egosipụta ihe ndị gọọmentị na-ebute ụzọ".

## Ọrụ
thumb|Ice Reconnaissance de Havilland Canada Dash 7 na Carp Airport
E kewara ngalaba a n'ọtụtụ mpaghara mpaghara:

* Isi obodo
* Ógbè Atlantic na Quebec (Atlantic Canada, Maritimes, Newfoundland na Labrador na Quebec)
* Ontario
* Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ na Ebe Ugwu (Yukon, Nunavut, Northwest Territories, British Columbia, na Prairies)

Ngalaba ahụ nwere ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche:

* Ngalaba Mmanye
** Mmetụta Gburugburu Ebe Obibi
** Mmanye Anụ Ọhịa
* Ngalaba Na-echebe Gburugburu Ebe Obibi
** Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Anụ Ọhịa nke Canada [1]
** Ngalaba Na-emepụta Ọgwụ
** Ike na Njem
** Ọrụ Nchebe Gburugburu Ebe Obibi
** Iwu na Nchịkwa
** Ihe Ndị Na-ebute Ụzọ
* Ọrụ ihu igwe nke Canada (maka ịkọ ọdịnihu ihu igwe; ihu igwe, ogo ikuku na nlekota mmiri)
** Nlekọta ihu igwe na gburugburu ebe obibi (Nnyocha ihu igwe, Nnyocha Mmiri nke Canada)

### Ọnọdụ ihu igwe na gburugburu ebe obibi (Regional Weather Operations)

** Ọnọdụ ihu igwe na amụma gburugburu ebe obibi na ọrụ (Defence Weather Services, Marine and Ice Services (Canadian Ice Service), National Weather Predictions, Weatheradio Canada, usoro mba nke mgbasa ozi ihu igwe mberede)
** Ebe Oké Ifufe nke Canada
* Ngalaba sayensị na teknụzụ
** Sayensị ikuku na ihu igwe
** Ngalaba Sayensị na Nkà na Ụzụ Mmiri (gụnyere National Water Research Institute)
** Ndepụta nke Mmetụta Mmetụta Mba
** Anụ Ọhịa na Sayensị Ala
** Air Quality Mobile Source Mkpụrụ na Nnyocha

### Ụlọ ọrụ
Agencylọ ọrụ nyocha mmetụta nke Canada bụ ụlọ ọrụ nwere ogologo ogwe aka na-akọ na Minista nke gburugburu na mgbanwe ihu igwe.

E wepụrụ Parks Canada, nke na-ahụ maka usoro ogige ntụrụndụ nke Canada, na Environment Canada wee ghọọ ụlọ ọrụ na-enye akụkọ ozi nye minista ihe nketa Canada na 1998. N'afọ 2003, e weghachiri ọrụ maka Parks Canada n'aka onye ozi nke Pọtụfoliyo gburugburu.

### Ọrụ mmanye
Alaka mmanye na-ahụ maka ịhụ nrube isi n'ọtụtụ iwu gọọmentị etiti. A na-ahọpụta ndị ọrụ mmanye dịka ngalaba 217(3) nke iwu nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi Canada nwere ikike niile nke ndị ọrụ udo.

Enwere aha abụọ nke ndị ọrụ mmanye: Environmental Enforcement na Enforcement Anụ ọhịa. Nke mbụ na-ahụ maka iwu nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi Canada na usoro mmetọ nke Iwu Azụ na ụkpụrụ kwekọrọ. Nke ikpeazụ na-amanye Iwu Mgbakọ Nnụnụ Migratory, Canada Wildlife Act, Species in Risk Act na The Wild Animal and Plant Protection and Regulation of International and Interprovincial Trade Act. Ndị uwe ojii niile na-eyi uwe ojii gbara ọchịchịrị nwere eriri ojii yana baajị (pụtara n'aka nri). Ndị ọrụ mmanye gburugburu ebe obibi na-ebu naanị baton na ịgba OC ebe ndị ọrụ mmanye anụ ọhịa nwekwara ngwa ọgụ.

Onye ozi ahụ nwekwara ike ịhọpụta ndị otu ndị uwe ojii Royal Canadian Mounted, ndị ọrụ ịkụ azụ, ndị ọrụ ogige, ndị ọrụ kọstọm na ndị ọrụ nchekwa nke gọọmentị mpaghara na mpaghara dị ka ndị ọrụ mmanye na inye ha ohere iji ikike nke ndị ọrụ ngalaba na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi. 

#### Ihe mkpofu eletrọniki
Mbupụ na mbubata nke iwu ihe mkpofu dị ize ndụ na nke dị ize ndụ a ga-emegharịgharị ihe (EIHWHRMR) na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ole na ole bụ isi, otu n'ime ha bụ na ihe mkpofu eletrọnịkị 'dịghị adị ma ọ bụ "adịghị adị". Ihe mgbakwunye dị iche iche na-akọwapụta ihe mkpofu dị ize ndụ na Canada, ma na-ewerekwa ihe mkpofu ọ bụla bụ "... na-ewere ma ọ bụ kọwaa dị ka ihe dị ize ndụ n'okpuru iwu obodo na-anata ya na nke obodo ahụ machibidoro ibubata ma ọ bụ bufee ya na njem" ga-ekpuchi ya. n'okpuru iwu Canada na ya mere dabere na usoro nkwenye amagoro mbụ.

Ebe Canada kwadoro Mgbakọ Basel n'August 28, 1992, na ruo Ọgọst 2011, Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Mmanye ebidola nyocha 176 maka mmebi iwu n'okpuru EIHWHRMR, ụfọdụ n'ime ha ka na-aga n'ihu. Enweela akwụkwọ ikpe iri na itoolu emere maka anaghị erube isi n'iwu nke EIHWHRMR ụfọdụ n'ime ha ka dị n'ihu ụlọikpe.

## Iwu ndị a ma ama metụtara ya
Ngalaba ahụ na-elekọta ma na-enyere aka na nchịkwa nke ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ c. 24 na-eme site na ụkpụrụ yana site na "nkwekọrịta afọ ofufo na nke edoziri na ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na Canada na ebe ndị ọzọ iji kọwaa nkwa, ọrụ na ibu ọrụ na omume na nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi."

### ''Iwu Ogige Ntụrụndụ Mba Canada''
Iwu Canada Parks Act na-achịkwa Agencylọ Ọrụ Ntụrụndụ Canada.

### ''Iwu Anụ Ọhịa nke Canada''
Canada Wildlife Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. W-9) Emegharịrị na June 2012 site na Bill C-38 'na-enye ohere maka ịmepụta, njikwa na nchekwa nke mpaghara anụ ọhịa' iji chekwaa ebe obibi, karịsịa maka ụdị ihe ize ndụ ma chọọ ikike maka kpọmkwem ihe omume na mpaghara anụ ọhịa a họpụtara.

### ''Iwu Nnyocha Mmetụta'' (2019)
Iwu nchekwa na nkwalite gburugburu ebe obibi (2000) "na-akwado ma na-akwalite nchebe, nkwalite na iji amamihe gburugburu ebe obibi. Iwu nke onye ọ bụla n'ime iwu na-ekpuchi ọrụ dịgasị iche iche, site na imegharị ihe ọṅụṅụ na-ere ihe ọṅụṅụ na ihe ndị na-egbu egbu, mmiri na-aṅụ mmanya, na mmiri na-ekpofu mmiri na mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ. mmiri ozuzo."

### Iwu Nkwekọrịta Nnụnụ Na-agafe Agafe
Nke mbụ e mere na 1917, MBCA na-echebe ọtụtụ ụdị nnụnụ na Canada site na iwu gbasara ịchụ nta, ịchụ nta, na nchọpụta sayensị.

## Hụkwa
 

* Ebe obibi nke Canada
* Mbelata ngwa ngwa / iwepụ nsị
* Alberta Hail Project
* Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie nke North America
* Ernie Cooper
* Iwu gburugburu ebe obibi na ihe nketa nke New Brunswick
* Weatheradio Canada

## Ihe edeturu

## Ihe odide

## Ịgụ ihe ndị ọzọ

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* N'afọ 2019, ECCC wepụtara *akụkọ* akpọrọ Canada's Changing Climate Report (CCCR). Ọ bụ n'ezie nchịkọta nke IPCC 5th Assessment Report, nke a haziri maka Canada. Akụkọ ahụ na-ekwu na a na-atụ anya na idei mmiri n'ụsọ oké osimiri ga-abawanye n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ihi ịrị elu nke oke osimiri zuru ụwa ọnụ na ala ala ala ma ọ bụ ịrị elu.

## Njikọ mpụga

* Gburugburu Ebe Obibi na Mgbanwe ihu igwe Canada
* Environment and Climate Change Canada's channel on YouTube
* Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ọnọdụ Ihu igwe nke Canada
* Ogige Ntụrụndụ Canada
* Họrọ mmemme na ọrụ nke Environment Canada
* Omume na ụkpụrụ ndị metụtara ya
* Ndepụta nke Mmetụta Mmetụta Mba
* Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ọnọdụ Ihu igwe nke Canada
* Nnyocha Mmiri nke Canada
* Ntanetị Nchọpụta Ìhè nke Canada
* Nkwupụta mgbasa ozi nke Environment Canada wepụtara maka Ontario - ihe ndekọ dum
* Iwu na Iwu ndị e jikọtara ọnụ nke Canada
* Environment Canada na top500.org
* Iwu gburugburu ebe obibi dị mfe na Canada - na mmelite na ozi ndị ọzọ