George Hallett

**George Hallett** (December 30, 1942  - Julaị 1, 2020) bụ onye na-ese foto South Africa mara maka onyonyo nke ndị South Africa dọọrọ n'agha. Ọrụ ya na-ewepụta ọtụtụ akụkọ ihe mere eme ọgba aghara nke mba ahụ site na Apartheid yana banye n'ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na-eto eto.

## Oge nwata na mmetụta
Amụrụ na District isii, Cape Town, Hallett zụlitere n'ime obodo ịkụ azụ nke Hout Bay site na nne na nna ya ochie. Ọ nọrọ ọtụtụ oge n'ụlọ ọrụ nna nna ya, ebe a kuziri ya ka esi eme ihe egwuregwu ụmụaka, ụgbọ ala na egbe. Ọ nwere mmasị n'ịse foto mgbe ọ na-agbagharị na akwụkwọ akụkọ *National Geographic* nke nwanne nna ya na foto na-akpali akpali nke oji na ọcha nke sinima. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị South Peninsula na Diep River ebe onye nkuzi Bekee, Richard Rive webatara ya ọrụ nke ndị na-ese ihe na mpaghara na mba ụwa. Rive mechara bụrụ onye nta akụkọ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ *Drum* mana n'oge ọ zutere George, ọ bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ, onye edemede na onye ndọrọndọrọ. Ọ gbara ụmụ akwụkwọ ya ume ọ bụghị nanị ka ha gụọ site na syllabus ma mee ka ha mara ndị edemede dị ka James Matthews, Alex La Guma, Jan Rabie, Uys Krige, Breyten Breytenbach na ndị ọzọ sitere na òtù Sestigers. Mmetụta ọzọ dị mkpa bụ onye na-ese ihe bụ Peter Clarke, onye bi na Ocean View. Clarke lekwasịrị anya n'ichepụta ihe ya na ngalaba nke mbipụta na eserese, na obodo ya. O tinyere aka na oru di iche iche nke obodo na ulo akwukwo.

## Ndụ na ọrụ
Hallett, na-enweghị ahụmahụ ọ bụla na ubi, họọrọ ụzọ nke foto. A kụziiri ya onwe ya wee malite ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-ese foto n'okporo ámá. Ọ gara n'ihu nka nka site n'ịgba akwụkwọ ozi na foto ya na City and Guilds dị na London mgbe ọ dị afọ 20. N'ime ọrụ mbụ ya, ọ na-ese foto District nke isii nke ukwuu, tupu mbibi ya n'okpuru ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na 1970s. James Matthews nyere aka n'ịchịkọta Hallett ka ọ see foto District isii tupu ebibie ya. Ọ mekwara foto onye nweere onwe ya maka akwụkwọ akụkọ *Drum*, mana enweghị ọtụtụ ohere ọrụ na South Africa. N'ịbụ onye a tara ahụhụ na Cape Flats na oke ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na ime ihe ike na South Africa, ọ kwagara London na 1970. Ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ maka *mgbakwunye agụmakwụkwọ Times* na London wee chepụta mkpuchi akwụkwọ maka akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ Heinemann ihe karịrị afọ 12.  Ihe ngosi mbụ ya na ndị omenkà South Africa Gerard Sekoto na Louis Maurice mere na Paris na 1971. Ihe sochiri nke a bụ ihe ngosi nke ọrụ South Africa ya na Westerkerk dị na Amsterdam n'otu afọ ahụ. Na 1974 ọ kwagara South France . O bi n’otu obere obodo na-arụ ọrụ ugbo n’Ugwu Pyrenees . Ọrụ sitere n'oge a nwetara onyinye n'aka Hasselblad maka ntinye pụtara ìhè na foto (1982). 

Site na njem ya, ọ gara n'ihu na-ejikọta ya na ndị South Africa a chụpụrụ n'agha, ndị ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụkwa ndị na-abụ abụ, ndị na-egwu egwu, ndị na-ese ihe na ndị edemede, n'oge na-adịghị anya ọ ghọrọ akụkụ nke ezinụlọ a nwere njikọ chiri anya. O mere kọntaktị na ndị dị ka Pallo Jordan, Alex La Guma, na Dudu Pukwana na London, na ndị edemede Africa dị ka Wole Soyinka na Ahmadou Kourouma na Berlin . E mechara chịkọta ọtụtụ n'ime ihe oyiyi ndị a n'akwụkwọ ya *Portraits of African Writers* . Na 1983 e nyere ya ohere ịbụ onye na-ese ihe na ebe obibi na Mahadum Illinois .  O jiri aka abụọ were ohere a were nọrọ afọ iri fọdụrụ na United States ebe a kpọrọ ya ka ya na mahadum ise ndị ọzọ sonye na ngosi na mmemme. O mechara kwaga Amsterdam . Ọ nọghị ebe ahụ ogologo oge mgbe ANC rịọrọ ka ọ laghachi South Africa ka ọ dekọọ ntuli aka Democratic mbụ.

Ọtụtụ ihe onyonyo nke rụpụtara nyere ya onyinye nturu ugo ọla edo site na Foto World Press na Amsterdam. Ọ bụ onye na-ese foto gọọmentị maka Truth and Reconciliation Commission na 1997. A rụpụtara ọtụtụ ọrụ na-emetụ n'ahụ n'oge a. Otu dị otú ahụ bụ ihe oyiyi aha *Jann Turner na Eugene de Kock, TRC Headquarters 1997* . Eugene De Kock bụ ọchịagha na Vlakplaas, ebe ndị uwe ojii nchekwa gburu onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Rick Turner, nna Jann Turner, n'ihu ya. Ibu nke onyonyo a dị na mgbanwe n'etiti isiokwu abụọ a, na-amụmụ ọnụ ọchị Turner na anya De Kock kwụ ọtọ n'ihu. Ọrụ a mere ka ọ rụọ ọrụ ya na Nobel Peace Center na Oslo na ihe ngosi njem na-akpata, *Ike na Nkwenye: Ndụ na oge nke South Africa Nobel Peace laureates Albert Luthuli, Desmond Tutu, FW de Klerk na [[Nelson Mandela]]* .

N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, ọrụ Hallett lekwasịrị anya n'inweta oge dị mma na-ekwupụta mmeri nke mmụọ mmadụ. Ọ na-ekwu okwu banyere àgwà a n'ọrụ ya. Ọ na-eme ka ọrụ ya dị iche na ndị ọgbọ ya na mmepe ya nwere ike ị nwetaghachi na foto mbụ ya nke District isii wee gaa n'ihu na foto ya na-enweghị isi nke ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa. Hallett kọwara na ndị a chụpụrụ n'agha, mana ọ bụghị naanị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ihe onyonyo ga-agụnye mmemme ezinụlọ na obodo ka ha na-akpakọrịta, ịkpakọrịta, ịme egwu na ihe ndị ọzọ. Ile mmadụ anya n'ihu n'ebe onye nwere olile anya adịghị emebi isiokwu ndị na-emekarị ma ọ bụ nke jọgburu onwe ya ọ na-eche site na mmepụta ihe oyiyi ya. Hallett kọwara onwe ya dị ka onye mmadụ. Ọ gbasiri mbọ ike inyefe ndị na-ese foto nka nka, wee kuzie foto na ụlọ ọrụ America, British, European na South Africa. A na-anọchi anya foto Hallett n'ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na ụlọ ngosi ihe ngosi na South Africa yana mba ụwa.

Hallett nwụrụ n'udo n'ụra ya mgbe ọ rịasịrị ọrịa ogologo oge na Julaị 1, 2020. 

## Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka

Usòrò:Dancing_men_at_Langa_Jazz_Festival_in_1968.jpg
Usòrò:Godfrey_Street_District_Six_in1968.jpg
Usòrò:Dumile_Feni_and_Louis_Moholo,_exiles_in_London_in_1971.jpg
Usòrò:First_Encounter,_Johannesburg_in_1994.jpg
Usòrò:Jann_Turner_with_Eugene_de_Kock,_TRC_Headquarters_in1997.jpg


## Ihe ngosi Solo

* 1970: The Artists' Gallery | Cape Town. 
* 1971: Westerkerk | Amsterdam, Netherlands.
* 1972: Anne Frank Huis, Amsterdam. (Ya na Louis Maurice & Gerard Sekoto), Présence Africaine, Salle de La Siem, Paris. Mahadum nke Brussels.
* 1973: Susan Loppert Graphics, London. Central London Polytechnic. John Hansard Gallery, Mahadum Southampton | England.
* 1975: *Midi Libre* journal | Perpignan, France.
* 1979: *Eserese nke ndị edemede Africa* | Frankfurter Buchmesse, Germany. Künstlerhaus Bethanien, Berlin.
* 1980: Atelier isii | Ceret, France .
* 1982: *Ụmụ nwanyị South Africa* | Ebe Mgbakọ, Harare, Zimbabwe . McKinley Foundation, Mahadum nke Illinois | United States.
* 1983: Mahadum Howard | Washington DC; Mahadum steeti Michigan, Lansing; Mahadum Emory, Georgia; Ụlọ ọrụ Tuskegee, Georgia; Mahadum Southern Illinois, Carbondale ; United States.
* 1985: Mahadum nke Illinois na Urbana–Champaign | United States.
* 1988: Künstforum der Sozialdemokratie | Bonn, Germany.
* 1989: Afrika Centrum, Cadier en Keer | Maastricht, Netherlands .
* 1995: *Mgbanwe, 1994 ntuli aka* | Irma Stern Museum | Cape Town.
* 1999: *Ihu Bo-Kaap* | Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Bo-Kaap, Cape Town. Ndụ Metropolitan, Isi ụlọ ọrụ Ndụ Obodo, Bellville | Cape Town.
* 1999: Metropolitan Life isi ụlọ ọrụ | Cape Town.
* 2000: *Dance for All* | Maidenhead Cultural Center | UK.
* 2001: *Dance for All* | Osisi Aschegach | Amsterdam, Netherlands.
* 2002: Red Cross Children's Hospital | Cavendish Square, Cape Town. 
* 2004: *The Truth and Reconciliation Commission ngosi* | Herbert Art Gallery na ihe ngosi nka | Coventry, UK.
* 2005: *Ndị South Africa Exiles nke '70s na' 80s na Europe* | Ụlọ ihe nkiri Spitz | London. 
* 2006: *Eserese nke ndị edemede Africa* | Cape Town International Book Fair | Cape Town.
* 2007: *Eserese nke ndị edemede Africa* | Mahadum Rhodes, Grahamstown | South Africa.
* 2009: *Njem foto* | Helderberg Photographic Society | Western Cape, South Africa 
* 2010: *1994 ntuli aka na Mandela's Vision* | Ụlọ omeiwu nke Bremen; na njem nleta, Germany | *Mmetụta nke Italy*, Artscape, Cape Town. *Eserese sitere na Exile*, Bonhams, London.
* 2018: *George Hallett: Eserese nke Nelson Mandela* | Dégagements Henry Le Bœuf | Brussel 

## Na-arụ ọrụ na mkpokọta ọha
Anne Frank Foundation ; Amsterdam. Akwụkwọ; Germany. Sonja Henie-Nils Onstad mkpokọta; Oslo, Norway. Birmingham Central Library; UK. Ụlọ ọrụ Schomburg maka nyocha na omenala ojii; Ọbá akwụkwọ Ọhaneze New York; United States. Iziko South African National Gallery, Cape Town; Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Bo-Kaap, Cape Town; Mpaghara isii Museum, Cape Town; Mahadum Rhodes, Grahamstown; Maybuye Center, Mahadum nke Western Cape ; Sached Educational Trust, Mowbray; Ụlọ ọgwụ ụmụaka Red Cross, Cape Town; Insurance Life Insurance; Bensusan Museum of Photography, Market Theatre Complex, Johannesburg; The Open Learning Systems Education Trust, Johannesburg; South Africa.

## Ihe nrite

* 1980: Igwefoto Hasselblad, Sweden. Ihe nrite maka ntinye aka pụtara ìhè na ịse foto.
* 1995: Foto World Press . Ihe nrite anya ọla edo nke atọ. 
* 1996: Ndị juri nke World Press Photo, Amsterdam.
* 1999: *Cape Times*, Otu Obodo Ọtụtụ Omenala. Onye mmeri, Foto-Journalistic kacha mma: ngalaba akụkọ foto.

## Nkuzi

* 1972–73: Central London Polytechnic.
* 1981–82: ZIMCO, Harare.
* 1982: Mahadum nke Illinois, Michigan State University, Emory University, Tuskegee Institute, Howard University, USA.
* 1985: Center maka ndị mba ọzọ, Amsterdam.
* 1987: St Martin's School of Art, London.
* 1993: Ụlọ akwụkwọ nke foto, Cape Town.
* Mahadum Cape Town. Iziko Bo-Kaap Museum, Cape Town.
* 1998–99: Ọgbakọ, Institute for the Advancement of Journalism, Johannesburg. Ụlọ akwụkwọ maka ọzụzụ mba ụwa,
* 2000: nkuzi nkeonwe na mmemme nkuzi, Cape Town.
* 2001: Oslo Foto Kunst Skole, Norway (nkụzi izu abụọ).
* 2002–07: Mahadum teknụzụ nke Cape Peninsula (dị ka onye nhazi na onye nkuzi).
* 2008: Usoro mmemme nke ochichi onye kwuo uche ya, St Cloud State University, Minnesota .

## Hụkwa

* Richard Rive
* James Matthews (onye edemede)
* Alex La Guma
* Sestigers
* Peter Clarke (onye na-ese ihe)

## Ntụaka
emekarị ma ọ bụ nke jọgburu onwe ya ọ na-eche site na mmepụta ihe oyiyi ya. Hallett kọwara onwe ya dị ka onye mmadụ. Ọ gbasiri mbọ ike inyefe ndị na-ese foto nka nka, wee kuzie foto na ụlọ ọrụihe ngosi nka Bo-Kaap, Cape Town; Mpaghara isii Museum, Cape Town; Mahadum Rhodes, Grahamstown; Maybuye Center, Mahadum nke Western Cape ; Sached Educational Trust, Mowbray; Ụlọ ọgwụ

## Akwụkwọ

* Hallett, George. 2006. *Eserese nke ndị edemede Africa*, Wits University Press, Johannesburg
* Weinberg, Paul (ed.). 2007. *Mgbe ahụ na Ugbu a, Ndị na-ese foto South Africa asatọ*, Highveld Press. Ryland Fisher Race, Jacana Publishers
* Jantjes, Gavin (ed.). 2009. *Ike na Nkwenye: ndụ na oge nke South Africa Nobel Peace Laureates* . Ebe Nobel Peace Center (978-82-7547-376-7)

## Njikọ mpụga

* Africa South Art Initiative
* Akụkọ South Africa
* Njikọ Akụkọ
* Kalkbay Modern
* Archived ọba akwụkwọ Duke  
* Ebe nchekwa - Foto WordPress