Samuel Okoye

**Samuel Ejikeme Okoye** (26 Julaị 1939 - 18 Nọvemba 2009)  bụ ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara mbara igwe na Naịjirịa si Amawbia na Steeti Anambra, Naịjirịa. Okoye bụ onye ojii Afrịka mbụ nwetara akara ugo mmụta doctorate na mbara igwe redio..

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Okoye na Amawbia, na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Naịjirịa. Ọ bụ nwa Simeon na Agnes Okoye, ọ bụkwa nwa nke ise n'ime ụmụ itoolu.

Okoye mere nke ọma n'agụmakwụkwọ, wee nweta ohere agụmakwụkwọ iji gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị gọọmentị dị na Owerri. E mechara kweta na ọ gụrụ Fiziks na Mahadum Ibadan, nke nwere njikọ na Mahadum London mgbe ahụ.

Na 1962, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ọkwa First Class ma nye ya ihe nrite ngalaba maka nwa akwụkwọ kacha mma gụsịrị akwụkwọ. O mechara nweta onyinye Carnegie Foundation Fellowship dị elu—ihe nrite a ma ama n'ụwa niile—nke mere ka o nwee ike ịchụso Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) na Mahadum Cambridge, United Kingdom. 

Mgbe Okoye sonyeere, otu nnyocha ahụ amụbaala wee bụrụ Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory. N'okpuru nlekọta nke Antony Hewish, o mere nyocha banyere nhazi nke interplanetary medium site na usoro scintillation. O chepụtara ma wuo antenna reflector nkuku abụọ yana sekit ha na-agbanwe ìhè. Ngwa a mere ka ọ nwee ike ịmụ banyere ikuku redio sitere na Crab Nebula. ”

Okoye keere òkè dị mkpa na nyocha nke nyere aka na Antony Hewish ịnata 1974 Nobel Prize na Physics. N'okwu nnabata Nobel ya, Hewish kwetara na Okoye jikọrọ aka na nchọpụta nke kpakpando neutron. O kwuru, sị: "Isi iyi mbụ a na-adịghị ahụkebe nke a ga-achọpụta site na usoro a pụtara na 1965 mgbe, mụ na nwa akwụkwọ m Okoye, m na-amụ redio sitere na Crab Nebula. Anyị chọtara ihe a ma ama na-egbuke egbuke n'ime nebula nke dị obere nke ukwuu iji kọwaa ya site na radiation synchrotron, anyị tụkwara aro na nke a nwere ike ịbụ ihe fọdụrụ na kpakpando mbụ nke gbawara ma gosipụta ọrụ n'ụdị mgbapụta redio a ka ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ karịa Crab.

N'oge ọ nọ na Cambridge, o guzobere njikọ agụmakwụkwọ ma na United Kingdom ma na mba ụwa. Ọrụ nyocha ya gụnyere nleta na Leiden Observatory na Netherlands na National Radio Astronomy Observatory na Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.

## Ọrụ
Okoye laghachiri Naịjirịa n'afọ 1965 mgbe ọ gụchara akwụkwọ doctorate ya wee malite ikwu okwu na fiziki na Mahadum Ibadan. Na 1967, obere oge tupu Agha Obodo Naịjirịa, ọ banyere na Mahadum Naịjirịa, Nsukka. Na 1972, o hiwere Ụlọ Nnyocha Eluigwe na Mahadum ahụ ma họpụta ya Prọfesọ nke Fiziki na 1976. 

Okoye laghachiri na Cambridge na 1971 dịka onye otu Commonwealth Academic Staff Fellow na Mahadum Cambridge. Ọ bụ onye ọbịa na Institute of Astronomy (IoA) na onye otu Churchill College. Na IoA, n'okpuru nlekọta nke Fred Hoyle, o mere ka ihe ọmụma ya banyere plasma physics, relativity izugbe, na cosmology dị ọhụrụ, ma na-eguzobekwa nyocha nke ya na astrophysics ike dị elu. N'oge a, o bipụtara na data X-ray sitere na galaxies redio na jet nke M87.

Dị ka akụkụ nke mkpebi ya maka mmepe agụmakwụkwọ, ọ kwadoro onyinye nke ngwá ọrụ nkuzi ụlọ nyocha site na Ngalaba Physics na Cambridge na Mahadum Naijiria, ma nweta ihe ụlọ akwụkwọ site na ọrụ ebere maka ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na mpaghara ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Naịjirịa. 

N'agbata afọ 1978 na 1989, Prọfesọ Okoye nwere ọtụtụ ọkwa dị mkpa na Mahadum Naịjirịa, gụnyere Director, Division of General Studies. Onye isi, Ngalaba Physics na Astronomy, Associate Dean na Dean nke Faculty of Physical Sciences. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-anọchite anya onye isi oche nke Mahadum Naịjirịa site na June ruo September 1978 siteadmin (2009-11-18). "Professor Sam Okoye, Top Nigerian Scientist, Dies in London | Sahara Reporters". *Sahara Reporters*. Retrieved 2017-10-20. ma họpụta ya Dean School of Post Graduate Studies site na 1987 ruo 1989.

Okoye bụ onye otu Nigerian Academy of Science  yana Royal Astronomical Society nke United Kingdom. Ọ bụ onye otu Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs, New York Academy of Sciences, International Network of Engineers and Scientists for Global Responsibility, na International Astronomical Union.

Na mba ụwa, Okoye gara 12 Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs n'etiti afọ 1979 na 1991, na-eje ozi dị ka onye otu Pugwash Council site na 1988 ruo 1993. 

Ọ bụ onye ndụmọdụ nwa oge na United Nations na mmepe nke sayensị na teknụzụ mbara igwe na mba ndị na-emepe emepe site na 1979 ruo 1986. 

Okoye bụ onye ọkà mmụta sayensị nleta na Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy Bonn, Germany site n'August ruo October 1986. Site na 1990 ruo 1993, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye Commonwealth Academic Staff Fellow na Cambridge" id="mwlQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="University of Cambridge">Mahadum Cambridge ma jee ozi dị ka prọfesọ nleta na onye isi nchọpụta na Institute of Astronomy, na onye nkịtị na Churchill College na Mahadụ Cambridge. N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 1993, e zigara Sam site na Mahadum Naịjirịa gaa na Gọọmentị etiti siteadmin (2009-11-18). "Professor Sam Okoye, Top Nigerian Scientist, Dies in London | Sahara Reporters". *Sahara Reporters*. Retrieved 2017-10-20. dị ka onye nduzi (mmekọrịta mba ofesi), na mbido na National Agency for Science and Engineering Infrastructure (NASENI) Lagos, ma mesịa na Ministri Sayensị na Teknụzụ nke Naịjiria, Abuja. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye isi sayensị na onye isi nke Ngalaba Sayensị na Teknụzụ na High Commission nke Nigeria, London. N'ọrụ ya dị ka onye nnọchi anya sayensị, Prọfesọ Okoye jere ozi dị ka onye njikọ dị mkpa n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ sayensị Naijiria na ndị ibe ha na United Kingdom. Ọ kwadoro mgbanwe agụmakwụkwọ, atụmatụ nyocha jikọrọ aka, na nguzobe mmekọrịta nke mere ka ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị Naịjirịa baa ọgaranya.

Okoye bipụtara ọtụtụ akwụkwọ sayensị gbasara Ionosphere Physics, Solar Physics na Theory of Extra-galactic Radio Source and Cosmology. O bipụtakwara akwụkwọ akụkọ, Viable and Affordable Policy Objectives for a Nigerian Space Programme na 1980s ma degharịa akwụkwọ abụọ: Basic Science Development in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects. 

Prọfesọ Okoye bụ onye edemede maka The Guardian (Nigeria) nke o dere ihe karịrị afọ anọ. Akụkụ ya, nke lekwasịrị anya na teknụzụ ozi yana ọganihu n'echiche sayensị, dọtara ọtụtụ ndị na-agụ ya n'ihi ikike ya igosi echiche sayensị siri ike n'asụsụ dị mfe. 

* Onye otu ndị nnọchi anya gọọmentị etiti na World Administrative Radio Conference na Geneva, Switzerland, 1979 
* Onye otu ndị nnọchi anya gọọmentị etiti na Nzukọ Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu maka Ojiji Udo nke Ebe na Vienna, Austria, 1981;
* Onye otu Federal Government Panel nke a na-ebo ebubo ịmepụta iwu ike maka Naịjirịa (1984); siteadmin (2009-11-18). "Professor Sam Okoye, Top Nigerian Scientist, Dies in London | Sahara Reporters". *Sahara Reporters*. Retrieved 2017-10-20.
* Onye isi oche, Ụlọikpe nke ndị Gọvanọ Awka Campus nke Anambra State University of Science and Technology (ASUTECH), (1988-1989); 
* Onye otu, Kansụl Na-achị Isi, Anambra State University of Science and Technology (ASUTECH) (1988-1989);
* Onye nnọchi anya sayensị ọsụ ụzọ, High Commission of Nigeria, London, United Kingdom (1993-2000);
* Onye nduzi, National Agency for Science and Engineering Infrastructure (NASENI) na Federal Ministry of Science and Technology (1993-2000).

## Ebe Nnyocha Na-eme na mbara igwe
Mgbalị mbụ Okoye mere iji guzobe ụlọ ọrụ nyocha mbara igwe gbochiri ya n'ihi enweghị ego ruo 1977, mgbe Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe nyere onyinye nke otu narị puku Naira (ihe dịka US $ 150,000 n'oge ahụ) iji kwado okike ya.

N'afọ 1984, Okoye nyere onyinye nke efere redio dị mita 10 site na Hat Creek Radio Observatory na California, USA. O bu n'uche ka ọ bụrụ akụkụ nke ụlọ ọrụ interferometry (VLBI), nke jikọtara ya na netwọk Europe na nke ụwa. Ọ bụ ezie na etinyere efere ahụ ma nwee ike ịkwado nyocha pulsar, enweghị akụrụngwa na nkwado ego na-aga n'ihu mere ka a mechie ya na 1987.

E guzobere Centre for Basic Space Science (CBSS) na Mahadum Naijiria, Nsukka (UNN) na 2001 dị ka otu n'ime ebe ọrụ n'okpuru National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA). A raara ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nye ime nnyocha dị mkpa na nkuzi sayensị mbara igwe - gụnyere nkà mmụta mbara igwe na sayensị ikuku - ma soro ndị ọrụ dị iche iche rụkọọ ọrụ iji kwalite uto nke nyocha mbara igwe na Naịjirịa.

## Ndụ onwe onye
N'afọ 1969, Okoye lụrụ Chinyere Ucheime Obioha (1942-2007), nke a maara nke ọma dị ka Chi. Onye obodo Arondizuogu na Imo Steeti, n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Naịjirịa, Chi chụpụrụ ọrụ pụrụ iche na ụlọ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Naijiria (UNN), n'ikpeazụ na-arịgo n'ọkwa onye osote onye na-elekọta ụlọ akwụkwọ. A mụrụ ya n'ezinụlọ a ma ama, Chinyere bụ nwa nwanyị nke Peter na Chiaku Obioha na nwa nwanne nwanyị nke Chief L.N. Obioha, onye ahịa nkwụ a ma ama na onye na-emepụta ihe nke na-arụ ọrụ NIPROC, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Sam na Chi zụlitere ụmụ anọ: Maureen, Obinna, Ndidi, na Amaechi. Okoye nọrọ afọ ndị ikpeazụ ya na mba ọzọ wee nwụọ na London na 18 Nọvemba 2009. 

## Ihe Nketa
Mgbalị Prọfesọ Okoye na-eme iji kwalite nkà mmụta mbara igwe na Naijiria n'oge niile ọ na-arụ ọrụ na-egbochi ya ugboro ugboro n'ihi enweghị ego na nkwado bara uru. Ka o sina dị, ọ nọgidere na-enwe mmasị siri ike na astrophysics dị elu, na-anọgide na-akpọtụrụ Antony Hewish na ndị ọrụ ibe ya na Mahadum Cambridge, mgbe ọ na-emepụta njikọ nyocha ọhụrụ na USA, Europe, na gafee Africa.

Nnọgidesi ike ya dugara na itinye ihe ọmụmụ mbara igwe na sayensị mbara igwe na usoro mmụta physics na Mahadum Naịjirịa (UNN), nke mmepe nke mmemme masta na doctoral sochiri. Naịjirịa gara n'ihu guzobe obere mmemme mbara igwe, na-agbapụ satellite mbụ ya na 1996.

The Space Research Centre na UNN ghọrọ onye bu ụzọ na Centre for Basic Space Research (CBSS) nke taa, nke e guzobere na 2001 dị ka akụkụ nke National Space Research and Development Agency nke gọọmentị Naịjirịa, nke e hiwere na 1999. CBSS na mahadum na ụlọ ọrụ dị na Europe, Japan, Nigeria, South Africa na United States na-arụkọ ọrụ nyocha. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-akwado nyocha, agụmakwụkwọ, na mgbasa ozi ọha na eze na mpaghara ndị dị ka astronomy, ọmụmụ anyanwụ na ihu igwe, na ngwá ọrụ sayensị.

Okoye bụ onye na-ewu mba, onye na-ese ụkpụrụ, onye na - mmekọrịta sayensị, na onye nkuzi. O jikọtara nyocha dị elu na iwu ụlọ ọrụ na idu ndú ụwa, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị kachasị emetụta n'Africa. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị isi taa na sayensị mbara igwe na mbara igwe nke Naijiria nwere mmetụta kpọmkwem ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ na-apụtaghị ìhè site na ntọala Okoye tọrọ na Mahadum Naijiria. Mmetụta siri ike nke mgbalị ya mepụtara ala na-amị mkpụrụ maka ọgbọ nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị Naijiria.

## Nkwado

* 1952 - Mmeri na asọmpi Eastern Nigerian Outlook Newspaper maka ụmụ akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị nke Eastern Nigeria ochie.
* 1952 - Nweta agụmakwụkwọ zuru oke na agụmakwụkwọ ịbanye na Ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị gọọmentị, Owerri.
* 1959 - Nweta agụmakwụkwọ zuru oke na agụmakwụkwọ kọleji nke Mahadum, Ibadan, maka ịrụ ọrụ dị mma na ngwụcha afọ mbụ nke ule. Nke a mere ka a kpọọ ya "College Scholar".
* 1959 - E nyere ya Eastern Nigerian Scholarship maka B.Sc (Physics) nke a na-enweta na Mahadum College, Ibadan.
* 1962 - O meriri ihe nrite ngalaba maka nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ kachasị mma na Ngalaba Physics nke Mahadum Ibadan.
* 1962 - E nyere ya na asọmpi zuru ụwa ọnụ Carnegie Foundation fellowship maka ọmụmụ doctoral na Mahadum Cambridge, United Kingdom.
* 1982 - A nabatara ya dị ka onye otu Nigerian Academy of Science . 

## Akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ

* *International Institute for Space Sciences na T. Odhiambo, & Electronics na Giant Equatorial Radio Telescope*, Tata Press Ltd., Bombay, India. G. Swarup, S. E. Okoye 100 peeji (1979).
* Ihe mgbaru ọsọ iwu na-aga nke ọma maka mmemme mbara igwe nke Naịjirịa na 1980s na karịa, mbipụta oge ụfọdụ nke Ngalaba Physics, Mahadum Naịjiria, 108 pp., (1981). S. E. Okoye
* Basic Science Development na Nigeria: Nsogbu na atụmanya. Evans Brothers (Nigeria) Publishers Ltd., 325 pp. (1987). S. E. Okoye na K. M. Onuoha (ed.).
* Ụwa na nkuku ụzọ: gaa n'ụwa na-adịgide adịgide, nke ziri ezi na nke a na-ebi ndụ: akụkọ nye Kansụl Pugwash nke Philip B. Smith, Samuel E. Okoye, Jaap de Wilde na Priya Deshingkar dezigharịrị. London: Earthscan, 1994.   
* Ihe na-ezighị ezi nke Plasma Density na Solar Neighborhood S.E. Okoye na A. Hewish https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/137/3/287/2604301
* *Nkọwa nke X-ray Emission Achọpụtara site na ụfọdụ Nearby Radio Galaxies* S.E. Okoye https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/160/3/339/2601668
* Banyere mmalite nke oghere magnetik metụtara haloes redio na ụyọkọ kpakpando S.E. Okoye, L.I. Onuora https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/283/3/1047/1013316

## Edemsibia

## Njikọ mpụga
World Administrative Radio Conference 1979 - Ndepụta nke ndị sonyere (peeji 60)

* Onye sayensị Naijiria kachasị elu, onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ The Guardian, Prọfesọ Sam Okoye
* Ilu nke ndị ikom anọ
* 
* https://www.schoolsobservatory.org/careers/interested/stargazing/samuel-okoye
* Mahadum nke Naijiria, Nsukka

Otú:Onye édémédé akwukwọ si-na Naigeria
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