Robert Shipboy MacAdam

**Robert Shipboy McAdam** (; 1808–1895) bụ onye Ireland ochie, onye na-akọ akụkọ ọdịnala na onye na-asụ asụsụ, ọ bụkwa onye kacha arụ ọrụ n'etiti Belfast Ndị Presbyterian a ma ama na mmalite Mbilite Asụsụ Irish. Ọ bụ odeakwụkwọ nke *Cuideacht Gaoidhilge Uladh* (Òtù Gaelic nke Ulster), onyeisi oche nke Òtù Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme nke Belfast na Nkà Ihe Ọmụma, na onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke *Ulster Journal of Archaeology.* Ya na ọkà mmụta Gaelic narị afọ nke 20 Kadịnal Tomás Ó Fiaich, kemgbe 1991 a na-asọpụrụ ebe nchekwa ya n'aha Ebe etiti omenala ndị Ireland dị na Belfast *[[Cultúrlann McAdam Ó Fiaich|Cultúrlann McAdam Ó Fiaich (An Chultúrlann)]].*

## Ndụ na ọrụ

### Ezinụlọ na azụmaahịa
A mụrụ MacAdam nye Jane Shipboy (1774–1827) na di ya bụ James MacAdam (1755–1821), ndị bi n'akụkụ ụlọ ahịa ngwaike ha na High Street, Belfast. Tupu ọ mụọ ọrụ n'aka nna ya, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Belfast Academic Institution ọhụrụ, ụlọ akwụkwọ hiwere n'ụkpụrụ na-aga n'ihu site n'aka onye bụbu United Irishman William Drennan, na ndị agha ochie ndị ọzọ nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị siri ike nke afọ 1790. Onye mbụ o nwere ike imetụta asụsụ Irish bụ nwanne nna ya nwoke, Robert MacAdam, onye chịkọtara egwu Gaelic ma bụrụ onye otu Belfast Harp Society. N'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ, ọ gaara abụ ihe mkpali ọzọ site n'aka onye ụkọchukwu Presbyterian, ọkà mmụta Hibru na nke oge gboo, Rev. William Neilson, onye dere akwụkwọ *An Introduction to the Irish Language* (1808).

MacAdam, onye a na-ekwu na ọ maara asụsụ iri na abụọ nke ọma, mere ka ọ mara asụsụ Irish nke ọma n'oge njem ya dị iche iche na Ireland n'aha azụmahịa ezinụlọ ya.

Ya na nwanne ya nwoke nke tọrọ ya, James MacAdam, na 1846, o hiwere Soho Foundry na Townsend Street N'oge ọ kacha elu, tupu nwanne ya nwoke anwụọ n'afọ 1861 (ọkachamara ihe ndị sitere n'okike na ọkà mmụta ala, onye ghọrọ onye mbụ na-ede akwụkwọ na Queen's College, Belfast), ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwere ndị ọrụ ruru 250 ma nwee aha ọma mba ụwa maka mmepụta nke injin turbine (wheel mmiri kwụ ọtọ nke Benoît Fourneyron mepụtara na France).

MacAdam so na Ụlọụka Presbyterian mbụ nke na-anaghị akwụ ụgwọ dị na Rosemary Street.

### Òtù Ndị Gaelic nke Ulster
MacAdam sochiri Samuel Neilson n'ime *Cuideacht Gaoidhilge Uladh* (Ulster Gaelic Society) mgbe e guzobere ya na 1828. n'okpuru onyeisi oche nke Dr James MacDonnell nakwa site n'enyemaka nke Arthur Hill, Marquess nke Downshire. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị otu ahụ nwere mmasị n'asụsụ Irish nke oge a, kama n'asụsụ ochie nke akwụkwọ edemede, ha jụrụ ozi ọma nke mere ka ndị nkịtị na ndị ụkọchukwu Protestant ndị ọzọ mụta asụsụ a na-asụ. MacAdam, onye ghọrọ odeakwụkwọ otu ahụ, mere mkpesa na mbọ a na-agba iji "ghọgbuo ndị Katọlik dara ogbenye n'okpukpe ha" emeela "ihe ọjọọ karịa mmegbu mba ọzọ ruo afọ 300". N'otu oge ahụ, o mere ka ndị ụkọchukwu Katọlik taa ụta. Ha eleghara izi Katekizim anya, nakwa ikwusa ozi ọma, n'asụsụ Irish, "ọ bụ ezie na ire ahụ bụ ọta na ihe nchebe nke okwukwe ha".

O nweghị ka MacAdam nwere ọmịiko n'ebe ndị Katọlik na-eme ngagharị iwe maka ọchịchị onwe onye nke mba ahụ nọ. Daniel O'Connell duziri nke a, onye ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ Gaeilgeoir, kwuru na ya "nwere ike iji ya mee ihe nke ọma, ọ bụghị ịkwa ụta" maka ịhapụ asụsụ ndị nna nna ya nwayọ nwayọ.

Mgbe Queen Victoria gara Belfast na 1849, MacAdam dere usoro "okwu mkparị" ndị a na-egosi n'ihu ọha n'asụsụ Irish. Ndị a gbasara "Eze Nwanyị Ireland" ruo "otu puku mmadụ nabatara" site n'aka ndị "nwere ịhụnanya na iguzosi ike n'ihe" ya.

MacAdam tinyere aka n'ọrụ ịchịkọta akụkọ ifo na akwụkwọ odide ndị Ireland, ịkwalite ọmụmụ ihe nke ndị Irish, na ibipụta akwụkwọ n'asụsụ ahụ. N'ime akwụkwọ ndị otu ahụ mepụtara bụ nsụgharị Tomás Ó Fiannachta n'asụsụ Irish nke akụkọ omume Maria Edgeworth, *Forgive and Forget* na *Rosanna*, na *Okwu mmalite maka asụsụ Irish nke e zubere maka iji klaasị ndị Irish mee ihe na Royal Belfast Academic Institution -* usoro asụsụ nke MacAdam na Ó Fiannachta jikọrọ aka na ya.

### ''Akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe ochie nke Ulster'' na ọrụ ndị ọzọ e mechara
Mgbe Ulster Gaelic Society kwụsịrị ọrụ na 1843, MacAdam were onye na-ede uri bụ Aodh Mac Domhnaill (Hugh McDonnell, onye na MacAdam rụrụ ọrụ na Soho foundry) n'ọrụ dịka onye edemede oge niile na onye na-anakọta abụ, akụkọ ifo, na akwụkwọ edemede asụsụ Irish. MacAdam n'onwe ya zukọrọ nke ọma n'oge njem azụmaahịa niile na Ulster na ugwu Leinster. Ọ hụkwara ihe ndị dị mkpa n'etiti ndị si mba Ireland kwabata na Belfast. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ ga-achọpụta na Charlement Street (nke e liri ugbu a n'okpuru Ụlọ ahịa Castle Court) bụ naanị ndị na-akpa nkata ndị Irish si Omeath.

MacAdam bụ onye mbụ mere ka a jụọ ajụjụ gbasara ihe ọmụma gbasara ndị Irish n'ime ọnụọgụgụ mmadụ nke afọ 1851. Na 1852, ya na nwanne ya nwoke haziri nnukwu ihe ngosi maka ogbako nke British Association for the Advancement of Science nke e mere na Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Belfast nke, dịka onye otu Ụlọ ọrụ akụkọ ihe mere eme Belfast na nkà ihe ọmụma, ọ bụ onye hiwere ya. Ọ bụ iji "mee ka ndị bịara abịa si mba ndị ọzọ nwee ike ikpebi n'onwe ha ọdịdị na oke nke mmepeanya oge ochie anyị [Irish]".

Nke a dugara na *Ulster Journal of Archaeology*, akwụkwọ kwa afọ nke MacAdam ga-edezi ruo na njedebe nke usoro mbụ ya na 1862. N'akwụkwọ ozi ya maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ, MacAdam tụrụ aro ọhụụ sara mbara nke nwere ọtụtụ usoro mmụta dị iche iche gbasara isiokwu ahụ.Nkà ihe ochie, sayensị, oke mma, nke "ihe ochie" dịka nkewa niile nke ihe ọmụma mmadụ, ọ bụrụ na e lee ya anya nke ọma, ọ naghị eguzo naanị ya kama ọ na-ezute sayensị ndị ọzọ mgbe niile......... Ọ bụghị akụkọ ihe mere eme; ọ bụghị philology; ọ bụghị nkà mmụta ihe ọmụma; mana ndị a na ọtụtụ isiokwu ndị ọzọ jikọtara ya nke ọma, na ọ siri ike ịkọwa ókèala ahụ.... A pụrụ ikwu na sayensị ọ bụla nwere mpaghara ihe ochie ya.....MacAdam mechiri okwu nchịkọta akụkọ ya na mbipụta mbụ nke *Ulster Journal of Archaeology* site n'ịhụ na "ọha mmadụ dị na Ulster yiri ka ọ na-agbasa" na "mkpọmkpọ ebe nke ụlọ ochie ahụ gbasasịrị ngwa ngwa ire ere". O ji ọsọ mgbanwe tụnyere otu n'ime echiche ndị na-agbaze nke ihe ngosi anwansi lantern, ebe ndị na-agbanwe ụzọ uzuoku na agụmakwụkwọ nke "mmeri na ọchịchị ndị ọzọ enweghị ike ime ihe n'ime ọtụtụ narị afọ". N'usoro usoro, akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ bipụtara nchịkọta ilu 600 nke MacAdam nwere n'asụsụ Irish. Ma ọtụtụ ọrụ ndị ọzọ a ga-achịkọta, ma kuo ume ọhụrụ, n'ime "ihe ndị dị n'ime" nke oge gara aga nke Gaelic emezughị.

Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Bekee na Irish, nke Mac Domhnaill sọ chịkọta, nke nwere ihe karịrị peeji 1,000 nke akwụkwọ aka e bipụtaghị ya (ọ dịghịkwa onye nwere nsogbu n'ọbá akwụkwọ Queen's University ruo 1996). Ọ bụghịkwa otu n'ime egwu narị anọ o dere n'asụsụ Irish, maọbụ otu n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ ọ chọrọ ka e dee n'asụsụ Irish. Agbanyeghị, Òtù Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme nke Belfast na Nkà Ihe Ọmụma kwadoro ọrụ na onyinye MacAdam, nke ọ gara kemgbe ọ dị afọ iri na atọ: na 1888, otu ahụ họpụtara ya onyeisi oche.

### Ọnwụ na ihe nketa
Robert MacAdam alụghị nwunye. Ya na nwanne ya nwoke bi na 18 College Square East, Belfast, ebe ọ nwụrụ na 3 Jenụwarị 1895. E liri ya na Ụlọ ụka Knockbreda.

Ọ bụ ezie na ndị enyi ya mechara mepụta ego annuity nke mere ka o bie ndụ dị mma, afọ ikpeazụ nke MacAdam bụ ọrịa na ịda ogbenye. N'afọ 1894, a manyere ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na Townend Street imechi. Na 1889, o rere otu nchịkọta akwụkwọ ochie dị mkpa nke ndị Ireland nye ndị Ireland ochie na Church of Ireland Bishop nke Down, Connor na Dromore, William Reeves. Na 1892, mgbe Reeves nwụsịrị, Maxwell Close zụtara nchịkọta a maka Royal Irish Academy ma ka na-ejide ya n'aka Academy, n'aha "The Mac Adam and Reeves Collection". Akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ o dere bụ nke Belfast Central Library na Public Record Office of Northern Ireland.

Na 1894, MacAdam kwadoro ma kwado mmaliteghachi nke *Ulster Journal of Archaeology.* Onye nchịkọta akụkọ ya, mgbe ọ kwụsịrị ọrụ afọ iri atọ, bụ Francis Joseph Bigger, onye bụ isi n'ime "mmaliteghachi ugwu" ọhụrụ nke asụsụ Irish. N'afọ sochirinụ, obere oge ka MacAdam nwụsịrị, e guzobere alaka mbụ nke Gaelic League na Belfast. Ọbụnadị n'ihi Iwu Ụlọ nke Abụọ nke William Ewart Gladstone, ọ bụ atụmatụ ka nwere ike igbochi nkewa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị/òtù okpukperechi nke obodo ahụ. Ihe karịrị ọkara nke kọmitii mbụ ya bụ ndị Protestant.

Cultúrlann McAdam Ó Fiaich tọrọ ntọala na 1991 mgbe azụrụ Broadway Presbyterian Church na Falls Road, Belfast. Aguru ya aha McAdam na narị afọ nke 20 Gaelic ọkà mmụta Kadịnal Tomás Ó Fiaich.

## Edensibia