open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
The Soul Collector (ihe nkiri 2019)

The Soul Collector (nke a makwaara dị ka ***8***: A South African Horror Story ma ọ bụ naanị 8) bụ Ihe nkiri na-akpali akpali nke 2019 nke South Africa nke Johannes Ferdinand Van Zyl na Harold Holscher dere, onye bụkwa onye nduzi. Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri bụ Garth Breyetenbach, Inge Beckmann, Keita Luna na Tshamano Sebe.

## Atụmatụ
'ịchọpụta na ya dara ogbenye, a manyere William Ziel ịlaghachi n'ugbo o ketara n'aka nna ya iji malite ndụ ọhụrụ na ezinụlọ ya kewara ekewa.Ọ chọpụtara na ugbo ahụ enweghị ọkụ eletrik ma ọ bụ mmiri ma gbalịa ịgbanye ọkụ ma daa ma họrọ iji kandụl na-agbanye n'abalị. Ha na-ehi ụra n'akụkụ ebe ọkụ na-ere. N'echi ya, ọ gbalịrị idozi generator ahụ mana ọ dara, ka nwa ya nwanyị Mary na-awagharị n'ime ọhịa wee zute nwoke a na-amaghị ama nke na-ewebata onwe ya dị ka Lazarọs. Mary gwara Lazarọs na ọ tụfuru ụzọ ya ma chọọ enyemaka ịchọta ụzọ ọ ga-esi laghachi n'ụlọ. Ya mere Lazarọs nyeere Meri aka ma kpọghachi ya n'ezinụlọ ya. Mgbe ha rutere ebe ahụ, William na nwunye ya nwere mmeghachi omume dị iche iche n'ebe Lazarọs nọ. Lazarọs gwara ha na ọ na-arụrụ nna William ọrụ, ọ pụkwara inyere William aka ka ọ na-agba mbọ ịmepụta ebe ahụ mana nwunye ya chụpụrụ Lazarọs. Ka e mesịrị n'uhuruchi ahụ ka ha na-eri nri abalị, ọkụ na-agbanye ma mgbe William pụtara iji chọpụta ihe merenụ ọ hụrụ Lazarọs onye rụziri Generator. William th3n jụrụ Lazarọs ma ọ nwere ike inyere ya aka gburugburu ugbo ma nye ya ụlọ dị ka ọnụ ụlọ.

## Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri

* Garth Breyetenbach dị ka William Ziel
* Inge Beckmann dị ka Sarah
* Keita Luna dị ka Mary
* Tshamano Sebe dị ka Lazarọs

Ihe nkiri ahụ gosipụtara n'ụwa niile na 2019 Fantasia Film Festival na 20 Julaị 2019. 

Kemgbe  June 2020, ihe nkiri ahụ dị na Netflix. Ọ dịkwa na Shudder.   &#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
* Onye Nchịkọta Mkpụrụ ObinaNetflix  
* Onye Nchịkọta Mkpụrụ ObinaTomato rere ure
* Onye Nchịkọta Mkpụrụ ObinaIhe Ndị Na-egosi Ihe Ndị Dị Oké Mkpa 
* Onye Nchịkọta Mkpụrụ ObinaFacebook
Asụsụ Konongo-Ruwila

**Konongo** na **Ruwila** (ma ọ bụ Rwira) mejupụtara - cx-link" data-linkid="92" href="./Bantu_language" id="mwDg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Bantu language">Asụsụ Bantu nke etiti Tanzania nke nwere njikọ chiri anya na Nyamwezi - nke dị nso iji gụọ ya mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka olumba nke Nyamwezi. Ruwila bụ ihe akaebe na-adịghị mma ruo n'oge na-adịbeghị anya.

## Edensibia
*mwana wamunda ayo yabalikwa. Maria*
Asụsụ Kutu

**Kutu** bụ Asụsụ Bantu nke mpaghara Morogoro nke Tanzania.

## Edensibia
*mut mutant, Nyira Ngumi, okisabire mala abakayi ôri na mu nkaga yokufwa*
Asụsụ Kwaya

**Kwaya** bụ Asụsụ Bantu nke Tanzania. Jita-Kara-Kwaya dị nso na ire okwu; Maho (2009) kewara Ruri na Kwaya dị ka otu ihe dị iche. Ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na Asụsụ Bemba.

## Ihe Nlereanya
**Ọnwụ-Kufwa**

**Ntị-Okutwi**

**Anya-Linso**

**Four-Ne**

**Aka-Mboko**

**I-Nyimi**

**Aha-Dzina**

**Usiku n'abalị**

**N'imi na Mzunu**

**Sun-Kasubuka**

**Atọ-Tatu**

**Asụsụ Ulimi**

**Ezé-Izinyu**

**Mbila Abụọ**

**Mmiri-Amanji**

**Ònye-Nani**

**Ifufe-Omoya**

**You-Wewo**

## Ihe odide ihe atụ (Hail Mary)
*Murembe, Maria, wizuye enema, omukama anawe, wabalikwa mu bagasi bone, na Yezu, mwana wamunda ayo yabalikwa. Maria mut mutant, Nyira Ngumi, okisabire mala abakayi ôri na mu nkaga yokufwa kweswe. Amina*

### Nsụgharị
Hail Mary, juputara n'amara. Onyenwe anyị nọnyere gị. A gọziri gị n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị, a gọziri gị mkpụrụ nke afọ gị, Jizọs. Meri Nsọ, Nne nke Chineke. Kpegara anyị ndị mmehie, ugbu a na n'oge ọnwụ anyị. Amen.
mwana wamunda ayo yabalikwa. Maria mut mutant, Nyira Ngumi, okisabire mala abakayi ôri na mu nkaga yokufwa
Asụsụ Kwavi

**Kwavi** bụ olumba Ndị Maasai nke Ndị Kwavi (a.k.a. Parakuyo ma ọ bụ Baraguyu) nke Tanzania na-asụ. Dị ka Hurskainen (1994) si kwuo, "Ndị Parakuyo (nke a na-akpọkwa Ilparakuyo, Baraguyu, Kwavi, Lumbwa, na Iloikop) bụ agbụrụ na-asụ Maa nke gbasasịrị n'ebe dị ukwuu n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ na etiti Tanzania", ebe Beidelman (1960) kwupụtara na "Kwavi" na "Baraguyu" bụ otu.

## Akwụkwọ

* T.O. Beidelman "The Baraguyu", na Tanganyika notes and records, 1960, nr. 55, p. 244-278.&nbsp;
* Arvi Hurskainen "Plant taxonomy of the Parakuyo (Tanzania) " na Nordic Journal of African Studies, 1994, mpịakọta. 3, Nke 2, peeji nke 117-162&nbsp;
* Karsten Legère 2002. Ọrụ "Asụsụ nke Tanzania": ndabere, ihe onwunwe na echiche. Africa and Asia, Nke 2, 2002.
*mwana wamunda ayo yabalikwa. Maria mut mutant, Nyira Ngumi, okisabire mala abakayi ôri na mu nkaga yokufwa*
Òtù:All articles with unsourced statements
Asụsụ Kuria

**Kuria** bụ Asụsụ Bantu nke Ndị Kuria nke Northern Tanzania na-asụ, ụfọdụ ndị na-asọ ya bi na Kenya.

Maho (2009) na-emeso ụdị Simbiti, Hacha, Surwa, na Sweta dị ka asụsụ dị iche iche.

## Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụ okwu

### Mkpụrụedemede

Mkpụrụedemede niile dị iche iche n'ogologo, ma nwee ike ịdị mkpụmkpụ ma ọ bụ ogologo.

## Akwụkwọ

* Jelle Cammenga, *Igikuria phonology and morphology : a Bantu language of South-West Kenya and North-West Tanzania*, Köppe, Köln, 2004, 351 p.  (revised text of a thesis)
* S. M. Muniko, B. Muita oMagige and M. J. Ruel (ed.), *Kuria-English dictionary*, LIT, Hambourg, 1996, 137 p. 
* W. H. Whiteley, *The structure of the Kuria verbal and its position in the sentence*, University of London, 1955, 161 p. (thesis)
* Phebe Yoder, *Tata na Baba = Father and Mother : a first Kuria reader*, Musoma Press, Musoma, Tanganyika, 1949, 44 p.

## Edensibia
Asụsụ Maa

**Asụsụ Maa** bụ otu asụsụ ndị yiri ibe ha nke Eastern Nilotic (ma ọ bụ site n'echiche asụsụ, olumba, dịka ha yiri ka ha na-aghọta ibe ha) nke ihe karịrị otu nde ndị na-asụ na Kenya na Tanzania na-asụrụ n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke Kenya na Tanzania. A na-ekewa ha na North na South Maa. Asụsụ Maa nwere njikọ na Asụsụ Lotuko a na-asụ na South Sudan.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
N'oge gara aga, ọtụtụ ndị ahapụla asụsụ ha maka asụsụ Maa, na-agbaso oge mmekọrịta ọdịbendị na akụ na ụba siri ike. N'etiti ndị na-ejikọta na ndị Maa bụ ndị Aasáx (Asa) na El Molo, ndị bụbu ndị na-achụ nta na-achịkọta ndị na-asụ Asụsụ Cushitic, na ndị Mukogodo-Maasai (Yaaku), ndị bụbu onye na-elekọta aṅụ na ndị na-achịkwa (Eastern Cushittic). Ndị Okiek nke ugwu Tanzania, ndị na-asụ asụsụ Southern Nilotic Kalenjin, nọ n'okpuru mmetụta siri ike site na Maasai.

## Asụsụ
 
Ndị Baraguyu nke Central Tanzania na-asụkwa olumba Maa, n'ógbè a maara dị ka Makata Swamp dị nso na Morogoro, TZ.Ụdị Maa ọzọ nke Kenya dịbu, Kore. Mgbe ndị Purko Maasai meriri ha n'afọ 1870, ndị Kore gbagara n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Kenya ebe Ndị Somalia dọọrọ ha n'agha. Mgbe ha rụchara ọrụ ọtụtụ afọ dị ka ndị ahịa ma ọ bụ ndị ohu n'ezinụlọ Somalia, ndị agha nke alaeze ukwu Britain tọhapụrụ ha na njedebe nke narị afọ nke 19. Ha efunahụla asụsụ nke ha ma na-asụ Somalia. Mfu ehi mere ka ha gaa n'àgwàetiti Lamu na ọkara nke abụọ nke narị afọ nke 20, ebe ha bi taa.

## Ihe owuwu
Proto-Ongamo-Maa ka Vossen & Rottland wughachiri (1989). 

## Edensibia
dị ka ndị ahịa ma ọ bụ ndị ohu n'ezinụlọ Somalia, ndị agha nke alaeze ukwu Britain tọhapụrụ ha na njedebe nke narị afọ nke 19. Ha efunahụla asụsụ nke ha ma na-asụ Somalia. Mfu

* Heine, Bernd & Vossen, Rainer (1980) 'The Kore of Lamu: Enyemaka na asụsụ Maa', *Afrika na übersee*, 62, 272&#x2D;.
* Vossen, Rainer (1982) The Eastern Nilotes: Linguistic and Historical Reconstructions. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag.  . 
* Vossen, Rainer (1988) N'ihe gbasara ọmụmụ Maa nke Kenya na Tanzania (Nilo-Saharan 2.) Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag.
* Sommer, Gabriele (1992) 'Nnyocha banyere ọnwụ asụsụ n'Africa', na Brenzinger, Matthias (ed.) Ọnwụ Asụsụ: Nnyocha Eziokwu na Theoretical na Ntuziaka Pụrụ Iche na East Africa. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter, peeji nke 301&#x2D;.&nbsp;

## Njikọ mpụga

* Maa Language Project, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke Doris L. Payne na-elekọta na Mahadum Oregon
Impunity (ihe nkiri)

Impunity bụ Ihe nkiri na-akpali akpali nke afọ 2014 nke Jyoti Mistry duziri banyere onye nchọpụta pụrụ iche na onye nchọpụta mpaghara nke na-ahụ onwe ha na-agbada na nrụrụ aka na nkata aghụghọ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ka ha na-enyocha ogbugbu jọgburu onwe ya nke nwa nwanyị minista. E gosipụtara ya na ngalaba Contemporary World Cinema na 2014 Toronto International Film Festival . 

## Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri

* Vaneshran Arumugam
* Francis Chouler dị ka Michael Kelly
* Desmond Dube
* Alex McGregor
* Bjorn Steinbach

## Edensibia
na-achọghị ịnabata nwa ya nwanyị na nwa nwa ya nwanyị; ụlọ ahụ 

## Njikọ mpụga

*
Nọmba 37 (ihe nkiri)

Number  (Afrikaans: Nommer 37)  bụ akụkọ mpụ na-akpali akpali nke 2018 nke Nosipho Dumisa dere ma duzie. Ihe nkiri  dị n'asụsụ Afrikaans ma nwee ndepụta okwu n'asụsụ Bekee.  gosipụtara ya n'ọtụtụ mmemme ihe nkiri gụnyere SXSW, Neuchâtel International Fantastic Film Festival, Sydney Film Festival, na Fantasia International Film Festival na Montreal, ebe ọ meriri onye nduzi kacha mma.  nkiri ahụ -agbaso nwa okorobịa merụrụ ahụ, nke nọ n'ụlọ ya, onye gbaziri enyo anya nke enyi ya nwanyị iji nyochaa ndị agbata obi ha, ebe ọ hụrụ ohere iji gbanwee ndụ ha mgbe ọ hụchara mpụ.

## Atụmatụ
N'ịbụ onye nọ n'ụlọ ya, Randal Hendricks (Irshaad Ally), onye nwere nkwarụ n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, bụ onye enyi ya nwanyị raara onwe ya nye, Pam (Monique Rockman) nyere binoculars. Otú ọ dị, Randal ji Emmie (Danny Ross) ụgwọ ego, onye na-agbazinye ego, mgbe ọ hụrụ Lawyer (David Manuel), onye omekome dị ike, na-egbu mmadụ mgbe ọ na-ele ndị agbata obi ya anya n'otu abalị, ọ malitere atụmatụ aghụghọ. N'inwe mmadụ ole na ole ị ga-agakwuru, Randal na-etinye Warren (Ephraim Gordon), enyi ya na-amaghị nke ọma nke nwere agụụ mmekọahụ na-enweghị ihere maka Pam. N'agbanyeghị ihe ize ndụ dịgasị iche iche, Randal na-aga n'ihu na atụmatụ ya, ka ọnọdụ na-esiwanye ike, Pam na-etinye aka na usoro ihe omume na-agbagọ agbagọ. N'oge na-adịghị anya, Gail February (Sandi Schultz), onye nchọpụta, na-abịa na-enyocha gburugburu agbata obi, na-achọ onye uwe ojii rụrụ arụ furu efu - onye mmekọ ya. Ka onye ọka iwu malitere ime nchọpụta iji chọta onye na-emegbu ya, Emmie na-eme ka nrụgide nke oge njedebe ya dị nso, na ọchụchọ Lieutenant February na-adọta ya na Randal. Site  aghụghọ na anyaukwu gburugburu nkuku ọ bụla, Randal nke nọ n'oche nkwagharị ga-adabere na ikike anụ ahụ nke enyi ya nwanyị na-achọghị ịhụ atụmatụ ha, na-etinye ndụ ha abụọ n'ihe ize ndụ.

## Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri

* Irshaad Ally dị ka Randal Hendricks
* Monique Rockman dị ka Pam Ismael
* Danny Ross dị ka Emmie
* Ephraim Gordon dị ka Warren
* David Manuel dị ka onye ọka iwu
* Amrain Ismail-Essop dị ka Alicia
* Sandi Schultz dị ka Lieutenant Gail February
* Elton Andrew dị ka Pastor White
* Deon Lotz dị ka Commander Gavin France

## Edensibia
ndụ dịgasị iche iche, Randal na-aga n'ihu na atụmatụ ya, ka ọnọdụ na-esiwanye ike, Pam nndụ dịgasị iche iche, Randal na-aga n'ihu na atụmatụ ya, ka ọnọdụ na-esiwan

## Njikọ mpụga

*
Layla Fourie

***Layla Fourie*** bụ Ihe nkiri na-akpali akpali nke afọ 2013 nke Pia Marais duziri. Ọ bụ mmepụta n'etiti Germany, South Africa, France na Netherlands. E gosipụtara ya na asọmpi na 63rd Berlin International Film Festival  ebe Marais meriri Mention pụrụ iche. 

## Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri

* Rayna Campbell dị ka Layla Fourie
* August Diehl dị ka Eugene Pienaar
* Jeroen Kranenburg
* Rapulana Seiphemo dị ka Sipho Khumalo
* Jeanne Balibar
* Yûho Yamashita dị ka Suzy
* Gérard Rudolf dị ka Van Niekerk

## Edensibia
na-aga n'ihu na atụmatụ ya, ka ọnọdụ na-esiwanye ike, Pam na-etinye aka na usoro ihe omume na-agbagọ

## Njikọ mpụga

*
Asụsụ Ngoya

**Ngoya**, nke a makwaara dị ka **Pala** (Kibala, Ipala), bụ asụsụ ọhụrụ a ma ama nke Angola nke kemgbe ca. A na-eji 2010 eme ihe maka mgbasa ozi redio mba. A na-ewere ya n'oge gara aga dị ka olumba nke Umbundu" id="mwDg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Kimbundu">Kimbundu na-enweghị ihe akaebe asụsụ ọ bụla, o yikwara ka ọ bụ mgbanwe n'etiti Kimbundu.   &#x5B;**&#x5D;

A na-asụ Nyoya na Cuanza Sul n'etiti Songo n'ebe ugwu na Umbundu n'ebe ndịda. 

Aha "Ngoya" bụ okwu Umbundu nke pụtara "onye obi ọjọọ". Aha njirimara bụ *Pala*, nke nwere aha-class-7 prefix bụ Íipàlà.  na-asụgharịkarị ya dị ka *Kibala*, nke bụ ụdị Kimbundu.

## Edensibia
Umbundu nke pụtara "onye obi ọjọọ". Aha njirimara bụ Pala, nke nwere aha-class-7 prefix bụ
Asụsụ Luhya

**Luhya** (//'luːjə//; kwa **Luyia**, **Luhia** ma ọ bụ **Luhiya**) bụ Asụsụ Bantu nke Kenya)" id="mwEw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Western Province (Kenya)">ọdịda anyanwụ Kenya.

## Asụsụ
Agbụrụ dị iche iche nke Luhya na-asụ ọtụtụ asụsụ na olumba yiri ya, ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ n'ime ha adịghị nso karịa ka ha dị na asụsụ ndị agbata obi na-abụghị nke Luhya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Ndị Bukusu bụ agbụrụ Luhya, mana olumba Bukusu bụ ụdị dị iche iche nke Masaba.  (Lee Ndị Luhya maka nkọwa.) Otú ọ dị, e nwere isi nke asụsụ ndị a na-aghọta nke gụnyere Luhya n'onwe ya: 

* Hanga  
* Tsotso  
* Marama  
* Kisa  
* Kabras  
* Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Nyala  

### Ntụnyere
Ntụnyere n'etiti olumba abụọ nke Luhya n'onwe ya, na asụsụ abụọ ọzọ nke Bantu nke Luhya na-asụ:

### N'iji ya tụnyere ndị Bantu

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
Ihe na-esonụ bụ ụdaume nke asụsụ Luwanga: 

### Mkpụrụedemede

### Mkpụrụ okwu

## Njikọ mpụga

* Eshitabo Eshiokhulaama nende Tsisakalamendo nende Akebiima Bindi Bieikanisa 1967 Anglican liturgical text digitized by Richard Mammana

## Edensibia


* Musimbi Kanyoro (1989), "The Abaluyia of Kenya; otu ndị, otu asụsụ: Ihe a pụrụ ịmụta site na ọrụ Luyia": The Abaluyia nke Western Kenya.  (p. 27)
* Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Wanga-English
Asụsụ Nyaneka

**Nyaneka** ma ọ bụ **Haneca** bụ Asụsụ Bantu nke Angola. A na-ewere "asụsụ" Ngambwe ugbu a dị ka asụsụ dị iche.

**AKWỤKWỌ AKWỤ KWỌ**

*Okulikuambela apeho, "nke onkhalelo tupondola okulekesa okuti tuna na-ahapụ liotyotyili*

**Ịzụlite**

"Ire ekpere mgbe niile" n'ụzọ a na-egosi na anyị nwere ezi okwukwe

## Edensibia
na-egosi na anyị nwere ezi okwukwe

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ihe enyemaka Nyaneka-Humbi kachasị ukwuu na ịntanetị (Mofeko) Omotola Akindipe & Tchahewa Tuquei Nkinda Culungo
Asụsụ Nkumbi

**Nkumbi**, **Humbe**, ma ọ bụ **Khumbi**, bụ Asụsụ Bantu nke Angola.

## Edensibia
na-egosi na anyị nwere ezi okwukwena-egosi na anyị nwere ezi okwukwe
Asụsụ Zimba

**Zimba** bụ Asụsụ Bantu nke Democratic Republic of the Congo, nke a na-asụ n'otu mba dị n'ebe ndịda Osimiri Elila. Ọ nweghị ihe jikọrọ ya na asụsụ ndị ọzọ, ọ gwụla ma a na-ewere asụsụ dị iche iche Kwange na Mamba (*Kyenyemamba*) dị iche iche.

## Edensibia
ihe jikọrọ ya na asụsụ ndị ọzọ, ọ gwụla ma
Asụsụ Sama (Angola)

**Sama** bụ Asụsụ Bantu nke Angola nke yiri ka ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na Kimbundu.

## Edensibia
ihe jikọrọ ya na asụsụ ndị ọzọ, ọ gwụla ma
Asụsụ Luvale

**Luvale** (nke a na-akpọkwa Chiluvale, Lovale, Lubale, Luena, Lwena) bụ Asụsụ Bantu nke ndị Lovale nke Angola na Zambia na-asụ. A na-amata ya dị ka asụsụ mpaghara maka ebumnuche agụmakwụkwọ na nchịkwa na Zambia, ebe ihe dị ka mmadụ 168,000 na-asụ ya ka ọ na-erule afọ 2006. Luvale -eji ụdị mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Latịn gbanwere n'ụdị edere ya.

Luvale nwere njikọ chiri anya na Chokwe.

## Okwu
O nwere ọtụtụ okwu ndị e si na Portuguese nweta site na mmekọrịta ndị ọchịchị na narị afọ nke 20,  dị ka:

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụ okwu

### Mkpụrụedemede

## Ndị ọkà okwu

* Bernard K. Mbenga
* Samba Yonga
* Mokoomba

## Edensibia
mpaghara maka ebumnuche agụmakwụkwọ na nchịkwa na Zambia, ebe ihe dị ka mmadụ 168,000

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ
 

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
* Moses C.B. Mulongas, *[https://web.archive.org/web/20150621021714/http://lubutocollections.org/items/show/74 Vishimo vya Kuuko],* Lubuto Library Special Collections, nwetara na Mee 3, 2014.
* Akwụkwọ asụsụ Luvale, Lubuto Library Special Collections
* Ihe onwunwe OLAC na banyere asụsụ Luvale
Asụsụ Kalkatungu

**Kalkatungu** (nke a na-akpọkwa **'Kalkutung**', *Galgadungu*, Kalkutung, *Kalkadoon*, ma ọ bụ *Galgaduun*) bụ asụsụ ndị Aborigine Australia nke a na-asụbu gburugburu Ugwu Isa na Cloncurry, Queensland . 

## Nchịkọta
Ewezuga asụsụ yiri ya, Wakabunga, a na-ejikọta Kalkatungu na Yalarnnga mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka alaka Kalkatungic (Galgadungic) nke ezinụlọ Pama-Nyungan. O'Grady et al.,  Otú ọ dị, kewara ya dị ka onye otu "Kalkatungic group" nke ezinụlọ Pama-Nyungan, na Dixon (2002)  na-ele Kalkatungic anya dị ka otu mpaghara.

## Mbilite n'Ọnwụ
Emeritus Prọfesọ Barry Blake, Sheree Blackley  na ndị ọzọ emeela ka asụsụ ahụ dịghachi ndụ dabere na ndekọ, ụtọ asụsụ edere na ncheta onwe onye. Robert  Wing, nke Uncle Arthur Peterson nyere aka [1] na-arụkwa ọrụ n'ọhịa a. Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-ekwusi ike na ịbụ onye, na-enyefe akụkụ nke asụsụ na Kalkatungu na-eto eto.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụedemede

### Mkpụrụ okwu

Ọ bụghị ihe doro anya ma ọ bụrụ na vibrant bụ trill ma ọ bụ tap.

## Nchegbu
Dị ka ọ dị na Bekee, a na-ahụ nkwenye okwu n'ihe gbasara ụda. A na-ahazi nrụgide ahịrịokwu yiri nke Bekee na nkeji okwu mbụ na okwu ikpeazụ nke ahịrịokwu phonological na-enweta nrụgide bụ isi. (mmetụta ụda) Ọzọkwa, ọ bụrụ na e nwere ihe karịrị okwu abụọ n'otu ahịrịokwu, nkeji okwu mbụ nke okwu mbụ na-enweta nrụgide karịa okwu ndị na-abụghị nke ikpeazụ.

## Okwu
N'okpuru ebe a bụ ndepụta okwu ndị bụ isi sitere na Blake (1981). 

## Asụsụ Ogbi Kalkatungu
Kendon (1988) na-egosi na Kalkatungu nwekwara ụdị akara aka mepụtara nke asụsụ ha. 

## Edensibia
na-enweta na-enweta nrụgide bụ isi. (mmetụta ụda) Ọzọkwa, ọ bụrụ na e nwere ihe karịrị okwunrụgide bụ isi. (mmetụta ụda) Ọzọkwa, ọ bụrụ na e nwere ihe karịrị okwu

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] *Nkwupụta echiche site na akara aka: asụsụ ndị ogbi.*  (p. 273-301) E bipụtaghachiri ya site na Roth, W.E. Ethnological studies among the North-West-Central Queensland Aborigines. &nbsp;London, Queensland Agent-Generals Information Office, 1897; 71-90; Ozi anakọtara site na agbụrụ ndị a; Pitta-Pitta, Boinji, Ulaolinya, Wonkajera, Walookera, Undekerebina, Kalkadoon, Mitakoodi, Woonamurra, Goa. E bipụtaghachiri (1978) n'asụsụ ndị Aborigine nke Amerịka na Australia. New York: Plenum Press, Mpịakọta. 2.

## Njikọ mpụga

* Akụkọ dijitalụ Soraya Johnston, State Library of Queensland. Akụkọ dijitalụ na-ekwu maka asụsụ Kalkadoon
Asụsụ Luimbi

**Luimbi** (nke a makwaara dị ka Lwimbi, Luimbe, Lwimbe ma ọ bụ Chiluimbi)  bụ obere Asụsụ Bantu a na-asụ n'etiti Angola.  nwere njikọ na Nkangala na Mbwela.

## Edensibia
na-enweta nrụgide bụ isi. (mmetụta ụda) Ọzọkwa, ọ bụrụ na e nwere ihe karịrị okwu
Asụsụ Kwadi

**Kwadi** /ˈkwɑːdi/ bụ "asụsụ pịa" nke a na-asụ n'akụkụ ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke Angola. Ọ kwụsịrị n'oge ụfọdụ n'ihe dị ka 1960. E nwere naanị iri ise Kwadi na 1950s, nke naanị 4-5 n'ime ha bụ ndị na-asụ asụsụ ahụ. A maara ndị ọkà okwu atọ na 1965, mana na 1981 ọ nweghị ndị ọkà okwu a hụrụ. 

Ọ bụ ezie na Kwadi enweghị ihe akaebe, enwere data zuru ezu iji gosi na ọ bụ onye dị iche iche nke Ezinụlọ Khoe, ma ọ bụ ma eleghị anya ya na asụsụ Khoe n'ezinụlọ Khoe-Kwadi. Ọ chekwaara ihe ndị dị na proto-Khoe nke furu efu n'asụsụ ndị Khoe dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ n'okpuru mmetụta nke Asụsụ Kxʼa na Botswana,  na ihe ndị ọzọ furu efu n"asụsụ ndị Khoee dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ. 

Ndị Kwadi, ndị Bantu na-akpọ *Kwepe* (Cuepe), yiri ka ha bụ ndị fọdụrụ na ndị na-achụ nta na ndị na'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Afrịka, ma ọ bụghị ya, ọ bụ naanị ndị Cimba, Kwisi, na Damara na-anọchite anya ha, bụ ndị nabatara Asụsụ Khoekhoe.  ka ndị Kwisi, ha bụ ndị ọkụ azụ, n'okpuru Osimiri Coroca.

A maara Kwadi site na ụdị okwu *Koroka* (*Ba-koroka, Curoca, Ma-koroko, Mu-coroca*) na *Cuanhoca*.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụedemede
Kwadi nwere  ọ dịkarịa ala ụdaume ọnụ //, na phonetic [ɛ] ma eleghị anya ma ọ bụ ụdị  ma ọ bụ mmezu elu nke . Ọ nwere ma ọ dịkarịa ala ụdaume imi .  [ẽ õ] na-apụta ugboro ugboro dị ka ụdị dị iche iche  , ọ bụ ezie na ọ ga-ekwe omume na ụdaume  sitere na akụkọ ihe mere eme *ãĩ.

### Ụda ụda
Usoro ụda ahụ edoghị anya, n'ihi obere data na àgwà ọjọọ nke ndekọ. Ọ dịkarịa ala ụda abụọ (elu na ala) dị mkpa iji kọwaa data ahụ: 

:  'nkịta',  'azụ̀'
:  'anụ',  'nwoke, nwoke'

### Mkpụrụ okwu
A na-agba akaebe na ụdaume ndị a.  bụghị ihe doro anya na ha niile bụ phonemic;  dịka ọmụmaatụ nwere ike ịbụ allophones, ebe ọdịiche [[[[[[[]]]]]] nwere ike ịla n'iyi n'oge ndekọ ikpeazụ.

Ọ bụ a na-agbazinye ego. Mkpụrụ okwu ndị dị n'ime oghere sitere na mgbazinye ego Bantu. Intervocalic  na-apụta na mgbazinye ego Bantu.

## Ọdịdị

### Aha nnọchiaha
Kwadi nwere nnọchiaha onwe onye maka onye mbụ na nke abụọ n'otu, abụọ, na ọnụọgụ. Ndị nnọchiaha nwere isiokwu, ihe, na ihe onwunwe.  Onye nke mbụ nwere ike ịnwe ihe dị iche iche. A na-ejikọta nnọchiaha ihe na *-le/-de*, ma e wezụga nnọchiaha abụọ nke onye mbụ, nke bụ naanị *mu*. Ndị nnọchiaha nwere ihe bụ otu ihe ahụ dị ka ụdị isiokwu ahụ, ma e wezụga onye mbụ nwere otu nnọchiaha, nke bụ *tʃi*. Ndị nnọchiaha nke atọ  naanị ngosipụta, nke a na-emepụta na ntọala ngosipụta *ha-* na-esote nsonaazụ okike / nọmba.

## Edensibia
na-akpọ Kwepe (Cuepe), yiri ka ha bụ ndị fọdụrụ na ndị na-achụ nta na ndị na'ebe ndịda


## Njikọ mpụga

* Kwadi isi lexicon na Global Lexicostatistical Database
Asụsụ Dongolawi

**Dongolawi** bụ Asụsụ Nubian nke ugwu Sudan. Ọ bụ ndị Danagla ole na ole nọ na Ndagwurugwu Naịl na-asụ ya, site na ihe dịka (n'ebe ndịda Kerma) ruo n'ebe mgbago nke Naịl dị nso ed Debba. *Dongolawi* bụ okwu Arabic nke dabeere n'obodo Old Dongola, etiti alaeze ndị Kraịst nke Makuria (narị afọ nke isii ruo nke iri na anọ). E guzobere Dongola nke taa na narị afọ nke 19 n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke Osimiri Naịl. Ndị Dongolawi -akpọ asụsụ ha **Andaandi** [andaːndi] "asụsụ nke ụlọ anyị".

Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị niile na-asụ Dongolawi bụkwa ndị na-asọpụta Sudanese Arabic, asụsụ a na-asụrụ na Sudan. Asụsụ abụọ Arabic&#x2D; na-anọchi anya n'echiche na Dongolawi na na-eyi egwu site na iji Arabic dochie ya kpamkpam (Jakobi 2008).

Dongolawi nwere njikọ chiri anya na Kenzi (Mattokki), nke a na-asụ na ndịda Ijipt. A na-ewere ha dị ka olumba nke otu asụsụ, *Kenzi-Dongolawi*. Nnyocha ndị ọzọ na-adịbeghị anya na-amata ha dị ka asụsụ dị iche iche na-enweghị "mmekọrịta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa dị nso".  Ewezuga asụsụ abụọ a a na-asụ n'akụkụ Naịl, a gụnyere ụdị atọ na-adịghịzi adị n'okpuru Kenzi-Dongolawi.   &#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Edensibia
asụ na ndịda Ijipt. A na-ewere ha dị ka olumba nke otu asụsụ, Kenzi-Dongolawi. Nnyocha nd

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] *[https://menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/inhouse-vgg/content/titleinfo/6363379 Nubische Ihe odide im Dialekt der Kunuzi und der Dongolawi: mit Glossar]*. Wiesbaden: Steiner [na Komm.], 1962. peeji nke 99-167 (ihe odide Dongolawi).  (n'asụsụ German) 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Dongolawi dị na Global Lexicostatistical Database
* Ọrụ Ebube nke Saint Mina - Gis Miinan Nokkor
Asụsụ ndị Berber nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ

**Asụsụ ndị Berber nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ** bụ otu asụsụ ndị Berber a na-asụ na Libya na Ijipt. Ha gụnyere Awjila, Sokna na Fezzan (El-Fogaha) , Siwi na Ghadames,  ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị ihe doro anya na ha mejupụtara otu usoro ọmụmụ ziri ezi.

A na-ewere Eastern Berber dị ka akụkụ Ndị Zenatic Berber supergroup nke Northern Berber.

## Nchịkọta
Kossmann (1999:29, 33)  kewara ha n'ìgwè abụọ:

* otu nke nwere Ghadames na Awjila. Asụsụ abụọ a bụ naanị h="./Berber_languages" id="mwIA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Berber languages">Asụsụ Berber iji chekwaa proto-Berber *β dị ka β;  n'ebe ọzọ na Berber ọ na-aghọ h ma ọ bụ na-apụ n'anya.
* nke ọzọ nwere Nafusi (ewepu Zuwara na ndịda Tunisia), Sokna (El-Foqaha) na Siwi. Nke a na-ekerịta ụfọdụ ihe ọhụrụ na Zenati, na ndị ọzọ (dịka mgbanwe nke *ă gaa na ə na ọnwụ nke *β) na Northern Berber n'ozuzu.

Blench (ms, 2006) depụtara ndị a dị ka asụsụ dị iche iche, na olumba dị n'ime oghere; dị ka Ethnologue, ọ na-ekewa Nafusi dị ka Eastern Zenati.

* Siwa
* Awjila
* Sokna †
* Ghadames
* Zurg †

"Lingvarium Project" (2005) depụtara asụsụ abụọ ọzọ: asụsụ Jaghbub na-adịghịzi adị na asụsụ Berber a ka na-asụ nke Tmessa, ebe dị n'ebe ugwu nke Murzuq District.  (1999) na-ewere asụsụ a na-asụ na Tmessa dị ka olumba nke Fezzan.

## Ihe edeturu

## Njikọ mpụga
bụghị ihe doro anya na ha mejupụtara otu usoro ọmụmụ ziri

* "Oriental Berber", blọọgụ jikọrọ aka na asụsụ Berber nke Tunisia, Libya, na Egypt
Rodolphe Kasser

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Rodolphe Kasser 2007
**Rodolphe Kasser** (14 Jenụwarị 1927 - 8 Ọktoba 2013),  bụ onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ Switzerland, onye ọkà mmụta ihe ochie, na onye ọkà mmụta Coptic.  bụ ọkachamara [1] na ntụgharị nke ihe odide Asụsụ Copt oge ochie.

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ ya na Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland, Kasser nwetara agụmakwụkwọ ya dị elu na nkà mmụta okpukpe na Lausanne na Paris site na 1946 ruo 1950 na diplọma site na École Pratique des Hautes Études (Ph.D. ya na ya) na Paris na 1964.  Ọ rụrụ ọrụ ọzụzụ atụrụ na Switzerland na France site na 1953 ruo 1959.

Site na 1963 ruo 1998, ọ nọ na ndị ọrụ na Faculty of Arts nke Mahadum Geneva, na-akụzi asụsụ na akwụkwọ Coptic. Mbụ dị ka prọfesọ pụrụ iche site na 1963 ruo 1976, mgbe ahụ dị ka pròfesọ site na 1976 ruo 1998. Mgbe 1965, ọ bụ onye isi nke nchọpụta ihe ochie nke Swiss Mission of Coptic Archaeology na Kellia, Lower Egypt.

Mgbe afọ 1962 gasịrị, Kasser mere nnyocha dị mkpa n'ọhịa nke asụsụ Coptic, gụnyere nkwadebe nke akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Coptic ọhụrụ. A rụrụ ọrụ a n'otu oge na mgbanwe na nhazi asụsụ Coptic. O bipụtara ọtụtụ akwụkwọ edemede Grik na Coptic dị mkpa nke Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ Bodmeriana, ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ nke Akwụkwọ Nsọ.

Mgbe afọ 2000 gasịrị, Kasser haziri mweghachi ahụ ma kwadebe mbipụta princeps nke Codex Tchacos, nke nwere Oziọma Judas na ihe odide Gnostic atọ ndị ọzọ nke Coptic.

## Akwụkwọ ndị a ma ama
Ọrụ ọhụrụ  bipụtara bụ nsụgharị Bekee nke "Oziọma Judas" dị otu puku afọ na narị asaa. Ihe odide papaịrọs ahụ gosipụtara na ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie nke National Geographic Society na Washington DC, n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2006.

Nsụgharị ahụ na-ekwu na nwoke a kacha akatọọ na Krisendọm ghọtara Jizọs karịa onye ọ bụla n'ime ndị na-eso ụzọ ya. Onye na-eso ụzọ nke raara Jizọs nye na-eme ihe Kraịst kwuru n'onwe ya. Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta agbaala nkọwa a aka kemgbe e bipụtara ozioma mbụ. 

## Edensibia
na-ekwu na nwoke a kacha akatọọ na Krisendọm ghọtara Jizọs karịa onye ọ bụla n'ime ndị na-eso ụzọ ya. Onye na-eso ụzọ nke raara Jizọs

## Njikọ mpụga

* Nsụgharị Kasser na-egosi Judas n'ụzọ dị mma
* Akwụkwọ ndị Rodolphe Kasser dere
Asụsụ Bushi

**Bushi** ma ọ bụ **Kibosy** (*Shibushi* ma ọ bụghị *Kibushi*) bụ olumba nke Malagasy nke a na-asụ n'àgwàetiti Mayotte nke Indian Ocean . A na-asụ asụsụ Malagasy ndị nwere njikọ chiri anya na Bushi n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Madagascar n'ógbè Antsiranana (Diego-Suarez) na Mahajanga (Majunga), nke bụkwa ebe kacha nso na Madagascar na Mayotte. A na-ewere Kibosy na Majunga dịka otu n'ime asụsụ Malagasy site na *Glottolog.*

## Ebe a na-ekesa ya
A maara Bushi dị ka Kibushi na Mayotte ma 40% nke ndị agwaetiti ahụ na-asụ ya (1980). A na-asụ ya n'akụkụ olumba Maore (Shimaore), asụsụ Bantu. N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, a na-asụ Kibushi na Shimaore n'ime obodo ụfọdụ mana Shimaore na-abụkarị asụsụ ụmụ amaala na ndụ kwa ụbọchị n'ihi ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị na-asụrụ Shimaore. Naanị Shimaore na-anọchite anya na mmemme akụkọ telivishọn mpaghara site na Réseau Outre-Mer 1re. Asụsụ Bushi na Mayotte (nke a maara dị ka *Shibushi* na Shimaore) gụnyere Kiantalaotse na Kibushi-Kimaore (*Shibushi-Shimaore* na Shimaores).

A na-asụ Bushi n'ụsọ oké osimiri ọdịda anyanwụ nke agwaetiti ahụ (Grande-Terre) gụnyere obodo nta Bambo Est, M'Boueni, Passy-Kéli, Mronabeja, Kani-Kéli Chirongui, Poroani, Ouangani, Chiconi, Sohoa, M'Tsangamouji, Acoua, Mtsangadoua, na Handrema.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
Na Mayotte, a na-ede Bushi na omenala Latịn orthography nke dabeere na French. 'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2006, Conseil de la culture, de l'éducation et de l'environnement de Mayotte wepụtara mkpụrụedemede gọọmentị nke na-eji mkpụrụedemede Latin na-enweghị c, j, q, na x ma jiri mkpụrụedemede atọ ọzọ: ɓ, ɗ, na n̈. N'ebe a, mkpụrụedemede ndị e ji mee ihe na orthography na-agba agba, ibe ha IPA na brackets.  Machị 3, 2020, Conseil départemental de Mayotte kwupụtara nnabata nke orthographies gọọmentị na Latin na Arabic maka Kibushi.

### Mkpụrụedemede
Bushi nwere ụdaume ise.

### Mkpụrụ okwu
Bushi nwere ụdaume iri abụọ.

## Hụkwa

* Mayotte: Asụsụ

## Ihe edeturu
abụkarị asụsụ ụmụ amaala na ndụ kwa ụbọchị n'ihi ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị na-asụrụ Shimaore
Asụsụ Daylami

**Asụsụ Daylam**, nke a makwaara dị ka *Daylamite*, *Deilami*, *Dailamite*, ma ọ bụ *Deylami* (Persian: دیلمی, site na aha mpaghara Daylam), bụ Asụsụ na-adịghịzi adị nke bụ otu n'ime alaka ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke Asụsụ ndị Iran. A na-asụ ya n'ebe ugwu Iran, ọkachasị n'ebe dị ugwu na Gīlān.

Parviz Natel Khanlari depụtara asụsụ a dị ka otu n'ime asụsụ ndị Iran a na-asụ n'etiti narị afọ nke 9 na nke 13. Istakhri, onye Iran na-amụ banyere ala n'oge ochie, dere banyere asụsụ a, dịka Al-Muqaddasi, onye Arab na-amụ gbasara ala n'afọ ndị ochie, dere "ha nwere asụsụ a na-amaghị ama ma ha na-eji phoneme *khe* /x/ eme ihe nke ukwuu".  Abū Esḥāq Ṣābī nwere akụkọ yiri nke ahụ banyere ndị nọ n'ugwu Deylam na-asụ asụsụ dị iche. 

Dị ka Wilfered Madelung si kwuo, n'oge mmalite nke oge Alakụba asụsụ nke ndị Deylam bụ asụsụ ndị Iran dị n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ. Otu n'ime njirimara nke asụsụ a bụ ụda ī gbakwunyere n'etiti ụdaume na ā (Lāhījān=Līāhījahn, Amīrkā=Amīrkīā). 

## Ihe edeturu
asụsụ a, dịka Al-Muqaddasi, onye Arab na-amụ gbasara ala n'afọ ndị ochie, dere "ha nwere asụsụ a na-amaghị ama ma ha na-eji phoneme
Asụsụ Tungag

**Tungag**, ma ọ bụ ****, bụ Asụsụ Austronesian nke New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, nke dị na New Hanover, aha ala ya bụ Lavongay.

Ebe ọ bụ na Lavongai bụ asụsụ Austronesian, ọ na-agbaso ọtụtụ n'ime njirimara pụrụ iche nke otu asụsụ a. Ihe atụ gụnyere ụdị a kapịrị ọnụ maka otu, abụọ, ikpe na ọtụtụ oge, nghọta nke ịmara ma ọ bụrụ na a gụnyere ma ọ bụ wepụ onye a na-agwa okwu na oge abụọ, ikpe ikpe na ọtụtụ, yana nkọwa nke oge possessive gosipụtara site na njedebe agbakwunyere na aha ahụ. Otú dị, n'adịghị ka asụsụ ndị a na-asụ na Papua New Guinea, ọ nabataghị ma gwakọta ya na asụsụ ndị ọzọ.

A na-asụ ya n'àgwàetiti New Hanover na agwaetiti ndị gbara ya gburugburu. E nwere olumba dị iche iche nke asụsụ Lavongai. Nnukwu ọdịiche dị n'etiti asụsụ ndị ahụ dị n'agbata obodo nta ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri ndịda na obodo nta ndị si n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ ruo n'àgwàetiti ndị dị n"ụsọ oké oké osimiri ugwu. E obere ọdịiche n'etiti obodo nta, mana ọ nweghị mmetụta dị ukwuu na nkwurịta okwu n'etiti obere obodo nta ndị a.

Ọnọdụ ya dị n'ihe ize ndụ (dị ka Ethnologue si kwuo) bụ 5, nke pụtara na ọ bụ asụsụ a na-eji eme ihe ugboro ugboro, n'ihi ya, egwu ọ bụla na ọ ga-adị n'ihe egwu, mana a naghị ele ya anya dị ka asụsụ bụ isi nke New Guinea.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
Nchịkọta ụda nke asụsụ Tungag: 

## Usoro ụda
(Rịba ama: Ihe odide ndị a anaghị agụnye / z, β, x, ɣ, ɔ/ na germinate [nkọwapụta dị mkpa] consonants)  

'otu aka ahụ na ọnụọgụ 'isi', 'iri' nwekwara ihe abụọ dị iche iche.

*  - 'iri'

### Ọdịdị nke ahịrịokwu
Asụsụ Lavongai na-agbaso usoro SVO (isiokwu-okwu-ihe). 

## Edensibia
anyanwụ ruo n'àgwàetiti ndị dị n"ụsọ oké oké osimiri ugwu. E obere ọdịiche n'etiti obodo nta, mana ọ nweghị mmetụta dị ukwuu na
Luchazi

**Luchazi** (Lucazi, *Chiluchazi*) bụ Asụsụ Bantu nke Angola na Zambia. Luchazi bụ asụsụ bụ isi nke Ngangela Group .  Ngangela  okwu nke ndị ahịa Vimbundu na ndị ozi ala ọzọ chepụtara na narị afọ nke 18 iji kọwaa agbụrụ ndị bi n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke etiti Angola.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụ okwu
Tebụl na-esonụ na-egosi ụdaume niile na Luchazi: 

: Ọ na-apụta obere oge, ọ nwere ike ịdị naanị n'okwu ndị a gbazitere. 

Ọnọdụ nke akụkụ okwu na-emepụta ụdaume dị iche na ọnọdụ ndị e weere na-emepụta ụdị ụda ahụ n'asụsụ Europe. T na D, dịka ọmụmaatụ, dị ala karịa na Bekee mana dị elu karịa na Portuguese. L bụ asụsụ dị larịị karịa na Bekee ma ọ bụ Portuguese. Asụsụ ahụ nwere ọtụtụ ụdaume, gụnyere prenasisated plosives na ụda alveolar sibilant affricate (ụda ts). 

### Mkpụrụedemede

Mkpụrụedemede dị nso n'ihu (i), mgbe ọ na-apụta n'ihu ụdaume ọzọ, na-aghọ Ọkara ụdaume ma dee ya y, ọ gwụla ma ụdaume bu ya ụzọ ozugbo, mgbe ọ nọgidere na-abụ m. Ihe atụ: yange, wax.

Mkpụrụedemede nwere ụkpụrụ Continental ma ọ bụ Italian. Ha dị mkpụmkpụ mgbe a na-emeghị ka ha sie ike ma na-agbatị mgbe a na'ime ha okpukpu abụọ ma ọ bụ mgbe a na na-emesi ha ike na njedebe nke okwu.

* Mkpụrụedemede ***a*** bụ Ogologo mgbe a na-ekwusi ike, dị ka a na tata, nana.

Ọ dị mkpirikpi mgbe *a* *na*-ekwughị okwu ma ọ bụ n'ihu ụdaume abụọ ma ọ bụ y ma ọ bụ *s* na ngwaa monosyllabic, dị ka tata, paya, asa, hanga. A na-agbatị ya mgbe a na-agbakwunye ya okpukpu abụọ ma ọ bụ na-emesi ya ike na njedebe nke okwu ma ọ bụ nkeji okwu. Ihe atụ: *ku laako*.

* Mkpụrụedemede e bụ Ogologo mgbe *a* **na**-ekwusi ike, dị ka a na heta, seza.

Ọ dị mkpụmkpụ mgbe *a* na-etinyeghị ya n'ahụ, dị ka ọ dị na Het, seze.Ọ dị mkpirikpi *na* uru nke e na henga, lenda n'ihu ụdaume abụọ. Ewezuga hembo na membo (n'ihi njikọta nke ụdaume). Ọtụtụ okwu ndị sitere na Portuguese nwere ụdaume dị mkpirikpi ọ bụ ezie na ha anaghị eso ụdaume abụọ. Ihe atụ: pena, papelo, luneta, ngehena, wdg. A na-agbatị ya mgbe a na-ekwusi ike na njedebe nke okwu.

* Mkpụrụedemede m bụ Ogologo mgbe a *na*-ekwus**i** ike, dị ka e na tina, sika.

Ọ dị mkpirikpi mgbe a *na*-ekwughị okwu ma ọ bụ n'ihu ụdaume abụọ, dị ka e na *Citi, linga*. Na monosyllab*i* *ọ* dị mkpụmkpụ, dịka m nọ na ya. Ihe atụ: ni, ndi. A na-eme ka ọ dị ogologo mgbe a na-enwe nrụgide. Ihe atụ: gị, fu.

## Edensibia
Nnyocha ndụdaume). Ọtụtụ okwu ndị sitere na Portuguese nwere ụdaume dị mkpirikpi ọ bụ ezie na ha anaghị eso ụdaume abụọ. Ihe atụ: pena,
Asụsụ Irarutu

|date=1987|familycolor=Austronesian|fam2=Malayo-Polynesian language|fam3=Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages|Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian|fam4=Kei–Tanimbar languages|Kei–Tanimbar|fam5=Irarutu–Nabi|iso3=irh

**Irarutu**, **Irahutu**, ma ọ bụ **Kasira**, bụ Asụsụ Austronesian nke ọtụtụ n'ime ime Bomberai Peninsula nke ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ New Guinea na Teluk Bintuni Regency . " id="mwEg" title="Irarutu-language text" typeof="mw:Transclusion">*ịga* *Irarutu* sitere n'asụsụ ahụ n'onwe ya, ebe ira jikọtara ya na ru iji mepụta 'olu ha'.  ejikọtara  na tu, nke n'onwe ya pụtara 'ezi', ihe aha ahụ pụtara na-aghọ 'ezi olu ha' ma ọ bụ 'ezi asụsụ ndị mmadụ'. [1]

Kuri dị nso n'okwu, mana edebeghị aha ya. Ewezuga nke a, Irarutu dị nnọọ iche n'etiti asụsụ South Halmahera-West New Guinea. N'oge gara aga, a na-ewere Irarutu dị ka nke South Halmahera subgroup nke asụsụ Austronesian,  mana n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, Grimes na Edwards debere Irarutu n'ime Asụsụ Kei-Tanimbar. 

 nwere ọdịiche asaa a hụrụ n'ime asụsụ ahụ: Nabi, Babo, Kasuri, Fruata, South-Arguni, East-Argini, North-Arguri.

## Nbudata
A na-asụ Irarutu na Bomberai Peninsula nke Indonesia. N'ụzọ doro anya, a na-asụ ya n'ebe ndị a: 

* Ọchịchị Kaimana
** Ógbè Arguni: Minggir, Aru, Kafuryai, Warmenu, Egarwara, Warua, Tugunawa, Rafa, Fiduma, Rauna, Sumun, Wanggita, Ukiara, Warwarsi, Bovuer, Mahua, Jawera, Rofada, Waromi, Tanusan, Urisa, Mandiwa, Werafuta, Nagura, na Obodo Seraran
* Ọchịchị Teluk Bintuni
** Ógbè Babo: Obodo Irarutu 3, Nusei, Kasira, Amutu, Modan, na Kanaisi
** Mpaghara Aroba: Obodo Wame
** Ógbè Farfurwar

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụ okwu
Tyron (1995) na-enye ụdaume ndị a: 

### Mkpụrụedemede
Tyron (1995) na-enye ụdaume ndị a: 

A na-ahụ ụdaume asaa na Irarutu, . E ike iji ụdaume asaa niile mee ihe n'ụdị monophthong mana diphthongs na-ejedebe naanị na njikọta ole na ole.

## Asụsụ
Irarutu na-agbaso usoro isiokwu-okwu-ihe (SVO) n'usoro okwu.   ka nnukwu ma ọ bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ na-abịa n'azụ aha ahụ, mana maka ihe ndị metụtara usoro ọmụmụ nna mbụ na-abịa tupu nwa ahụ.

### Aha
Aha bụ okwu ndị enwere ike itinye na isiokwu ma ọ bụ akụkụ nke ahịrịokwu ma nwee ike ịgbanwe maka mmekọrịta. E nwere ọrụ atọ nke ahịrịokwu aha: ọrụ semantic, ọrụ pragmatic, na ọrụ ụtọ asụsụ.  Irarutu, ọrụ ụtọ asụsụ maka aha na nnọchiaha adịghị iche maka ọnọdụ pụrụ iche.

## Edensibia
ịgbanwe maka mmekọrịta. E nwere ọrụ atọ nke ahịrịokwu aha: ọrụ semantic, ọrụ pragmatic, naịgbanwe maka mmekọrịta. E nwere ọrụ atọ nke ahịrịokwu aha: ọrụ semantic, ọrụ pragmatic, na 

## Akwụkwọ

*  
*
Asụsụ Nuaulu

**Nuaulu** bụ asụsụ a mụrụ n'Agwaetiti Seram Island dị na Indonesia, Ndị Nuaulu na-asụkwa ya. Asụsụ ahụ kewara n'asụsụ abụọ, asụsụ ugwu na nke ndịda, nke nwere ihe mgbochi nkwurịta okwu n'etiti ya.  Nuaulu a kpọtụrụ aha na ibe a bụ asụsụ ndịda, dịka akọwapụtara na Bolton 1991.

'afọ 1991, nnyocha e mere n'obodo nta ole na ole dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Southern Seram gosiri na e nwere ihe dị ka 1000 ndị na-asụ asụsụ Southern.

Okpukpe na-ekere òkè dị mkpa na ọnụ ọgụgụ asụsụ. Ndị na-agbaso omume okpukpe obodo na-ejikarị asụsụ obodo eme ihe karịa, ebe ndị gbanwere okpukpe ọzọ na-ejikwa Ambonese Malay, asụsụ dị mkpa maka ebumnuche agụmakwụkwọ, ọtụtụ mgbe. Nke a bụ n'ihi nkewa okpukpe, na-ekewapụ okpukpe ọdịnala site na ndị ọzọ site n'iziga ndị na-eme ya na mpaghara dịpụrụ adịpụ nke obodo ahụ. Nke a na-ebelata ojiji nke Nuaulu na mpaghara dị iche iche nke obodo nta ahụ. 

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Phonemes
'ime otu asụsụ Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Nuaulu nwere ụdaume ole na ole, nke nwere ngụkọta nke 16, nke e gosipụtara na tebụl maka ụdaume na ụdaume dị n'okpuru.

#### Ihe onwunwe
Nuaulu nwere ụdị ihe abụọ a pụrụ iche: ihe onwunwe a na-apụghị ịnapụ mmadụ na ihe onwunye a na-enweghị ike ịnapụ ya. Ihe ịrịb ama ndị a na-apụghị ịnapụ ya na-ewere ụdị nsonaazụ agbakwunyere na aha ahụ, na ihe ịrịba ama a na-anaghị apụ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-apụta n'ihu aha a na-achọ.

### Aha nnọchiaha
Ndị nnọchiaha na Nuaulu nwere ike ịdaba n'okpuru ụdị ole na ole: onwe, ngosipụta, ajụjụ, reflexive, onye ikwu, ma ọ bụ dị ka akara.  na-ekewa nnọchiaha onwe onye Nuaulu dị ka nnọchiaha efu ma ọ bụ clitics.

## Ihe edeturu

## Ihe odide
karịa, ebe ndị gbanwere okpukpe ọzọ na-ejikwa Ambonese Malay, asụsụ dị mkpa maka ebumnuche agụmakwụkwọ, ọtụtụ mgbe. Nke a bụ n'ih

*  
* 
*
Asụsụ Mpade

**Mpadə** bụ asụsụ Afro-Eshia a na-asụ n'ebe ugwu Cameroon na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Chad.  ndị a bụ Bodo, Biamo, Digam, Mpade (Makari), Shoe (Shewe), na Woulki.

A na-akpọ asụsụ ahụ Makari mgbe ụfọdụ, site n'otu n'ime obodo ebe a na-asụ ya. Ngala gara n'ihu n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ (dị ka Barth kọwara) na-asụ otu olumba yiri Makari, mana ọ na-anwụ na 1920s, ndị mmadụ agafeela Kanuri.

## Nbudata
Na Cameroon, a na-asụ Mpade n'ebe ugwu nke ngalaba Logone-et-Chari (Far North Region), n'akụkụ Ọdọ Mmiri Chad ma dị n'etiti Makari (akụkụ ugwu nke Makari arrondissement yana na Fotokol na Hilé Alifa arrondissements, na akụkụ ugwu nke Goulfey arrondissement). A na-asụkwa ya na Chad na Naijiria, ọ nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ 12,000 (SIL 2000). 

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụ okwu
Mpade nwere ụdaume ndị a. 

### Mkpụrụedemede
Mpade nwere ụdaume ndị a. 

## Ihe edeturu

## Edensibia
obodo ebe a na-asụ ya. Ngala gara n'ihu n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ (dị ka Barth kọwara) na-asụ otu olumba

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 2006. Alphabet et orthographe de Kotoko de Makary (mpadɨ) (Makary Kotoko Orthography Statement) SIL manuscript, 31 pp. Available on-lineEnwere ya n'ịntanetị
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 2020. A Grammar nke Makary Kotoko. Leiden: Ọmarịcha   ISBN .&nbsp;
Asụsụ Nggala

**Ngala**, ma ọ bụ **Sogap**, bụ otu n'ime Asụsụ Ndu nke mpaghara Osimiri Sepik nke ugwu Papua New Guinea. A na-asụ ya n'otu obodo Swagap (4°13′41′′S 142°30′38′′E / 4.228038°S 142.51052°E / -4.228038; 142.510 52 (Swagap 1)) na Ambunti Rural LLG nke East Sepik Province.

## Edensibia
na Hans Fischer. Wampar-English Dictionary na ndepụta
Asụsụ Wampar

Wampar (*Dzob Wampar*) bụ Asụsụ Austronesian nke Wampar Rural LLG, Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.

 na-asụ ya n'obodo nta 8 (wards) nke Dzifasin (6°35′18′′S 146°34′46′′E / 6.58845′16760°E/1650′1650′′E; 14°579374 (Chivasing)), Tararan (6°32′36′′S 146′33′12′′E / 6.5433′46°E /6.5532626262646464646°E/E262626606060602626264606060""E""E""S1640""E""""E""16262626""E""N""E""M262626660606066060650""E"""E""E6060606464646460606069""E""G1650""E60""E60660660""E"E""S""E""

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
Phonology nwere ihe ndị a: 

### Mkpụrụ okwu

### Mkpụrụedemede

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ
Beer, Bettina, na Hans Fischer. Wampar-English Dictionary na ndepụta Bekee-Wampar finder. ANU Press, 2021.  

## Edensibia
na Hans Fischer. Wampar-English Dictionary na ndepụta
Asụsụ Bangala

**Bangala** ma ọ bụ *Mɔnɔkɔ na bangála* bụ Asụsụ Bantu a na-asụ n'akụkụ ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Democratic Republic of the Congo, a na-ekwukwa ya n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke South Sudan ma ụfọdụ ndị na-asụrụ ya ka dị n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke Uganda (dịka, Arua, Koboko). Asụsụ nwanne nwanyị nke Lingala, ndị nwere asụsụ dị iche iche na-eji ya eme ihe dị ka Asụsụ a na-asụkarị ma na-adịkarịghị ka ọ bụrụ asụsụ mbụ. N'afọ 1991, e nwere ihe dịka nde mmadụ 3.5 na-asụ asụsụ nke abụọ.  A na-asụ ya n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa Anyanwụ nke ebe a na-asụrụ Lingala. N'asụsụ Lingala, Bangala na-asụgharị "Ndị Mongala". Nke a pụtara na ndị mmadụ bi n'akụkụ Osimiri Mongala. N'ofe mpaghara Bas-Uele, ndị na-asụ Bangala ejirila Lingala mee ihe nke ukwuu.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Ka Lingala na-agbasa n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ugwu, asụsụ obodo na-anọchi okwu ya, ọ ghọkwara asụsụ dị iche iche (asụsụ nke bụ ngwakọta nke asụsụ abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa) ma kewaa ya dị ka asụsụ dị iche - Bangala. Okwu dịgasị iche, dabere na asụsụ mbụ nke ndị na-ekwu okwu.

'ihe dị ka afọ 1980, site na ewu ewu na mmụba nke Lingala na egwu nke oge a, ndị na-eto eto nọ n'obodo ukwu na obodo ukwu malitere ịnabata Lingala nke ukwuu nke na Bangala ha na-aghọ ihe dị ka olumba karịa asụsụ dị iche.

## Ihe ndị e ji mara ya
Na Bangala, a na-eji okwu Swahili sita na *Saba* dochie okwu isii na asaa (*motoba, sambo*). A na-eji okwu Swahili, Zande, asụsụ ndị ọzọ dị n'ógbè ahụ dochie ọtụtụ okwu Lingala, tinyere Bekee (*bilizi* sitere na okwu Bekee) na, n'ezie, French.

Ngwaa prefix *ko-*, nke pụtara "na" na Lingala bụ kama *ku*, dịka ọ dị na Swahili, yabụ "ịbụ" na Bangala bụ *kusara*, ọ bụghị kosala. Ọtụtụ okwu Bangala ndị ọzọ nwere ụda /u/ ebe Lingala nwere ụda /o/, dị ka *ɓisu* (ọ bụghị biso - "*Anyị*") na *mutu* (ọ bụghị moto - "onye").

## Ihe odide
E nwere ọtụtụ ihe osise ndị ozi ala ọzọ ochie, ọtụtụ n'ime ha sitere na ngwụcha narị afọ nke 19 na mmalite narị afọ nke 20, dịka, Wtterwulghe (1899), MacKenzie (1910), Heart of Africa Mission (1916), van Mol (1927). Otú ọ dị, Bangala dị ka akọwapụtara na nchịkọta nchịkọta ndị a agbanweela n'ime otu narị afọ gara aga, n'ihi mmekọrịta asụsụ na asụsụ Ubangian na asụsụ Nilo-Sahara nke ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ DR Congo. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ndị nchọpụta si Mahadum Ghent, JGU Mainz na Goethe-Universität Frankfurt na-arụ ọrụ na nkọwa ụtọ asụsụ nke asụsụ ahụ.

## Edensibia
mmalite narị afọ nke 20, dịka, Wtterwulghe (1899), MacKenzie (1910), Heart of Africa Missio


## Njikọ mpụga
mmalite narị afọ nke 20, dịka, Wtterwulghe (1899), MacKenzie (1910), Heart of Africa Missio

* Bangala Swadesh ndepụta nke okwu ndị bụ isi (site na Wiktionary's Swadesh-list appendix) 
* 
*
Asụsụ Kele-Foma

**Asụsụ Kele**, ma ọ bụ ***Lokele***, bụ Asụsụ Bantu nke Ndị Kele na-asụ na Democratic Republic of the Congo.

 (*Lifoma*) bụ olumba.

## Edensibia
mpaghara maka ebumnuche agụmakwụkwọ na nchịkwa na ebe ihe dị ka mmadụ 

## Njikọ mpụga

* http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2011/mar/10/how-we-know/?pagination=false
Asụsụ Fala

**Fala** ("Okwu", nke a na-akpọkwa ***Xalimego*** ) bụ asụsụ Romance nke ọdịda anyanwụ nke a na'etiti ndị Galician-Portuguese, nke nwere ụfọdụ àgwà sitere na Leonese, nke ihe dị ka mmadụ 10,500 na-asụ na Spain, nke 5,500 bi na ndagwurugwu nke akụkụ ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Extremadura dị nso n'ókè ya na Portugal. Ndị na-asụ Fala bi n'obodo Valverde del Fresno (Valverdi du Fresnu), Eljas (As Ellas) na San Martín de Trevejo (Sa Martín de trevellu). Ndị a dị na ndagwurugwu Jálama, na comarca nke Sierra de Gata.

Aha ndị ọzọ a na-eji eme ihe mgbe ụfọdụ maka asụsụ ahụ bụ Fala de Jálama ma ọ bụ Fala de Xálima, mana ọ dịghị nke ọ bụla n'ime ha nke ndị na-asụ ya n'onwe ha na-eji, ndị na-akpọ ụdị asụsụ ha lagarteiru (na Eljas), *manhegu* / *mañegu* (na San Martín de Trevejo) na *valverdeiru* (na Valverde del Fresno). 

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme

### Mmalite ya
N'oge etiti, a pụrụ ịchọta ụdị ngwakọta nke Portuguese na Leonese n'akụkụ ókèala dị n'etiti Leon na Portugal, nke a na-anọchite anya ya n'ihe odide dịka Foro de Castelo Rodrigo (narị afọ nke iri na atọ). Ọ bụ ezie na enweghi akwụkwọ banyere ọchịchị na mmụba nke mpaghara a na narị afọ nke iri na atọ, enwere ọtụtụ echiche nke ụmụ amaala Galician na-aga ichebe ókèala megide ndị Alakụba dị ka ntaramahụhụ nke eze Leonese nyere, ma ọ bụ nnyefe nke ókèala na iwu agha dị iche iche site na Eze Alfonso IX na Fernando nke Abụọ.

N'ozuzu, ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ na-akwado echiche Galician na-akwado nchepụta na ndagwurugwu ahụ bụ mpaghara dịpụrụ adịpụ, ya mere, ndị Galician na'okpuru ala na-anọgide na-ekwu okwu n'ụdị "dị ọcha" n'ihi enweghị mmetụta mpụga. Otú ọ dị, ndagwurugwu ahụ dị n'akụkụ ókèala Portugal, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ezigbo onye a ga-ahazi n'ime ala ndị Castile na Portugal gbanwere, site na Nkwekọrịta nke Alcanices. N'oge gara aga, n'oge reconquista, ókèala ahụ nwere ọdịdị agwọ. E mere nkwekọrịta ahụ iji mee ka ọ dịkwuo mma, nke e nwetara n'ozuzu ya site n'inye Ribacoa na Portugal (Guarda, ogige ókèala oge ochie, dị ugbu a kilomita 40 n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke nke ọhụrụ ahụ), ma nata ala ndị dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke osimiri Erges-Tagus-Sever, [ihe odide dị mkpa] kilomita 180 nke ókèala nke mmiri na-wa.  Nkwekọrịta dị n'etiti ndị eze emeghị ka ndị mmadụ biri ọzọ, yabụ mmadụ ole na ole agbanweela mba, ọ bụghị site n'uche ha, kama n'ihi mgbanwe nke ókèala.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

## Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ
Otu mkpụrụ akwụkwọ a tụrụ aro ya nwere mkpụrụedemede iri abụọ na atọ: 

## Okwu ntụnyere
 na-egosi ụfọdụ okwu Fala na tebụl dị n'okpuru.

## Hụkwa

* Galician-Portuguese
* Asụsụ Leonese
* Asụsụ Portuguese
* Asụsụ Galician
* Fala dos arxinas ("okwu ndị na-akpụ nkume"), Abụ nke ndị na-akwa nkume na Galician na-asụ.
* Asụsụ Extremaduran, sitere na Astur-Leonese
* Castúo, ma ọ bụ Extremaduran ụdị Spanish
* Portuñol

## Edensibia
akụkụ ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Extremadura dị nso n'ókè ya na Portugal. Ndị na-asụ Fala bi n'obodo Valverde del Fresno (Valverdi du Fresnu), Eljas (As Ellas) na San Martín
Asụsụ Lehali

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Onye -ekwu okwu Lehali, edere na Vanuatu.
**Lehali** (nke a maara dị ka *Tekel*) bụ asụsụ Oceanic nke ihe dị ka mmadụ 200 na-asụ, n'ụsọ oké osimiri ọdịda anyanwụ nke Ureparapara Island na Vanuatu . Ọ dị iche na Löyöp, asụsụ a na-asụ n'ụsọ oké osimiri ọwụwa anyanwụ nke otu agwaetiti ahụ.

## Aha ya
A na-akpọ asụsụ ahụ n'aha obodo ebe a na-asụ ya, nke a na-akpọ *Loli* [lɔli]. Aha *Lehali* enweghị uru ọ bụla, ma e wezụga ịbụ nrụrụ aka nke aha ala.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
Lehali -eji ụdaume 16 na ụdaume 10.

### Mkpụrụ okwu

### Mkpụrụedemede
Mkpụrụedemede ụdaume iri niile [4] obere monophthongs : 

### Akụkọ ihe mere eme
[5] na-eji ụdaume a eme ihe n'asụsụ trill *r: dịka /-jɔ/ < POc *rua 'abụọ'. Lehali na ndị agbata obi ya Löyöp, Volow, na Mwotlap na-ekerịta mgbanwe ụda ahụ.

## Asụsụ
[6] nnọchiaha onwe onye na Lehali na-emegide clusivity, ma na-ekewapụta nọmba anọ (otu, abụọ, Ikpe, ọtụtụ). [1]

Ntuziaka oghere [7] Lehali dabeere na usoro nke geocentric (n'ụzọ zuru oke), nke bụ n'akụkụ nke asụsụ Oceanic, ma ka na-emepụta ihe ọhụrụ.

## Edensibia
nke a na-akpọ Loli [lɔli]. Aha Lehali enweghị uru ọ bụla, ma e wezụga ịbụ nrụrụ aka nke aha ala.

## Akwụkwọ

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Ọdịdị gburugburu ebe obibi na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke asụsụ na njikọ ugwu Vanuatu: Akụkọ nke ọdịiche na njikọta" (PDF). Journal of Historical Linguistics. 1 (2): 175–246. doi:10.1075/jhl.1.2.03fra. hdl: 1885/29283. S2CID 42217419..
* 
* 
* 
* 

* Ihe ndekọ ọdịyo n'asụsụ Lehali, n'ụzọ mepere emepe, site na A. François (Pangloss Collection).
Asụsụ Banda

**Asụsụ Banda** nwere ike izo aka na:

* Otu n'ime Asụsụ Banda nke etiti Africa
* Asụsụ Banda (Maluku) , asụsụ Austronesian nke Indonesia
Asụsụ Ngbaka

**Asụsụ Ngbaka** iri na abụọ bụ ezinụlọ nke Asụsụ Ubangian a na-asụ na Central African Republic na mpaghara ndị gbara ya gburugburu. Ọ gụnyere asụsụ Pygmy dị ka Baka na Gundi. Asụsụ Ngbaka kachasị nwee ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ bụ Mbaka na alaka ọdịda anyanwụ, nke otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke nde mmadụ na-asụ, na Mayogo na alaka ọwụwa anyanwụ, nke ọkara nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ na-asụrụ.

 ka Asụsụ Mba, a na-asụ asụsụ Ngbaka n'ofe mpaghara ndị dị n'etiti mba dị iche iche dị n'Ebe Afrịka.

## Asụsụ
*Glottolog* 3.4, na-esote Winkhart (2015),  na-enye usoro nke ezinụlọ Baka-Mundu dị ka ndị a:

Ụdị ndị edepụtara maka nke ọ bụla nwere ike ọ gaghị aghọta ibe ya.

## Edensibia


## Njikọ mpụga

* Ọrụ asụsụ Ngbaka na Mahadum Ghent