Mesivta

***Metivta*** (also **mesivta**; Aramaic: מתיבתא, "academy") bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Yeshiva nke ndị Juu Orthodox maka ụmụ nwoke. A na-ejikarị okwu a akọwa yeshiva nke na-emesi ike na ọmụmụ Talmudic maka ụmụ nwoke nọ na klas nke 9 ruo 11 ma ọ bụ 12; n'aka nke ọzọ, ọ na-ezo aka na usoro ọmụmụ okpukperechi na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Yeshiva nke na-enye ma ọmụmụ okpukperechi na nke ụwa.

Okwu yiri ya n'Izrel maka nke mbụ bụ ***Yeshiva Ketana*** (Hibru: י Portugal, lit. "obere yeshiva"),  maka ***Yeshiva Tichonit*** (י Portugal, "yeshiva ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị").  Isiokwu a na-elekwasị anya na US; lee Chinuch Atzmai na Mamlachti dati maka mkparịta ụka dị iche iche banyere ụlọ ọrụ Israel ndị a.

Mgbe ha gụsịrị akwụkwọ na *metivta*, ụmụ akwụkwọ na-aga n'ihu na Bet midrash, ma ọ bụ ọkwa dị ala, mmemme yeshiva. N'omume, yeshivas ndị na-akpọ onwe ha **'metivta**' na-abụkarị ngwakọta nke *metivta* (ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị) na *Beth medrash* (ụlọ akwụkwọ dị elu).  A na-akpọkarị ụmụ akwụkwọ na mmemme *Beth medrash* ka ha duzie ndị nọ na metivta.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme

### N'oge ndị Talmud na Geonic
Okwu ahụ bụ́ metivta pụtara na mbụ na Talmud, ebe ọ na-ezo aka na yeshiva nke ndị amamihe Talmudic. Abba Arika mụtara ihe na metivta na Sepphoris n'okpuru Judah the Prince, nwa ya nwoke, na nwa nwa ya nwoke. N'okpuru nduzi nke Rav na Samuel nke Nehardea, a kpọrọ Talmudic Academy of Sura n'oge Njem Babịlọn sidra, mana n'okpuru Rav Huna, diin nke abụọ nke Academy of Sura, a malitere ịkpọ yeshiva metivta, Huna bụkwa onye mbụ nwere aha resh metivta (nke kwekọrọ na rosh yeshiva).  Dị ka Graetz si kwuo, metivta na-ezukọ n'ọnwa ụfọdụ n'afọ ahụ. Metivta usoro gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ n'oge niile nke Geonim, oge nke ihe dịka afọ 1000.

### Echiche nke oge a
Ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị abụọ ahụ malitere site na Manhattan Talmudical Academy nke Mahadum Yeshiva (nke a maara ugbu a dị ka Marsha Stern Talmudiical Academy) na 1916; Tachkemoni na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Poland na Israel n'ihe dị ka n'oge ahụ; E guzobere ALMA na Jerusalem na 1936, na "ha-Yishuv" na Tel Aviv na 1937. Lee okpukpe Zionism § Ụlọ ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ.

Banyere usoro ọmụmụ Talmudic siri ike karị, Rabbi Shraga Feivel Mendlowitz webatara echiche nke *metivta* maka ụmụ nwoke dị afọ 14 ma ọ bụ karịa na New York na 1926. Ruo n'oge ahụ, ụmụ nwoke okpukpe gara Talmud Torah (ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị) ruo mgbe ha bar mitzvah wee gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na kọleji ọha na eze, ebe a nwalere ọkwa ha nke idebe Torah na mkpebi ha. Nanị agụmakwụkwọ okpukpe post-bar mitzvah dị n'oge ahụ bụ na Yeshivat Rabbeinu Yitzchak Elchonon's Talmudical Academy (nke e guzobere na 1916),  nke kwadebere ụmụ akwụkwọ maka ọrụ na ndị rabaị. Mgbe Mendlowitz, onye malitere izi ihe na ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị Yeshiva Torah Vodaas na 1923, tụrụ aro ihe ọhụrụ ahụ, ọ zutere mmegide zuru oke. Otu nchịkọta akụkọ na Yiddish Morgen Journal kwuru, sị:
 
Site na nkwado nke ndị otu Torah Vodaas atọ - Binyomin Wilhelm, Ben Zion Weberman, na Abraham Lewin - Mendlowitz meghere *metivta* Torah Vodas n'ụlọ nke ya na Williamsburg, Brooklyn, na Septemba 1926. *metivta* meghere na klas anọ nke ụmụ akwụkwọ post-bar mitzvah na ụmụ akwụkwọ 11 na mmemme dị elu, Beth Midrash. *metivta* gara n'ihu na ọgbọ ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ nke ụmụ akwụkwọ ghọrọ ndị ọkà mmụta Torah na ndị isi n'ụwa ndị Juu America. 

Mendlowitz mekwara ka nchịkwa na Yeshivas Chaim Berlin gbasaa karịa klas nke asatọ ma mepee **'Metivta**'. *Metivta* Rabbi Chaim Berlin meghere n'afọ ndị 1930.  **'metivtas**' ndị ọzọ e guzobere na 1930s na 1940s bụ Metivta Tifereth Jerusalem, Kaminetzer Metivta nke Boro Park, na Rabbi Jacob Joseph School. N'afọ 1950, ndị metivtas anọ ikpeazụ nwere egwuregwu basketball nke ha.

N'afọ 1937, Mendlowitz guzobere Camp *Metivta*, Ogige oge okpomọkụ mbụ nke yeshiva na America, na Ferndale, New York. Nke a ghọrọ ogige oge okpomọkụ nke ọtụtụ puku ụmụ akwụkwọ si na yeshivas ndị ọzọ  na ihe nlereanya maka ogige mmụta yeshiva na iri afọ ndị sochirinụ. Mendlowitz malitere omume nke ịkpọ Gedolim ka ọ gaa n'ogige ahụ ụbọchị ole na ole ma ọ bụ izu ole na ole, na-enye ndị ogige ahụ ahụmahụ nke ịhụ ndị ukwu Torah na-arụ ọrụ. Ndị Gedolim na-anọkarị na Camp *Metivta* gụnyere Rabbi Yaakov Kamenetsky, Rabbi Shlomo Heiman, Rabbi Moshe Feinstein, na Rabbi Avraham Kalmanowitz. Camp *Metivta* rụrụ ọrụ ruo na mbido afọ 1960; na 1966, Camp Ohr Shraga-Beis Medrash LeTorah nọchiri ya na Greenfield Park, New York, nke Rabbi Zelik Epstein na Rabbi Nesanel Quinn duziri.

## Narị afọ nke 21
Taa, a na-ahụ *metivtas* n'Obodo dị iche iche na United States nke nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị Juu Ọtọdọks. Kemgbe afọ 1980, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke **'metivtas**' na mpaghara New York / New Jersey amụbaala site na ụlọ akwụkwọ ole na ole ruo n'obodo ọ bụla nwere ndị Juu na-ekpe okpukpe na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ obodo ọ bụla nwere ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị yeshiva. N'ihi mmụba ahụ, *metivtas* emeela aha ọma nke na-egosipụta ọkwa agụmakwụkwọ nke ụmụ akwụkwọ ha. E nwere ụlọ akwụkwọ maka *metzuyanim* (ndị na-amụ ihe n'elu), ụlọ akwụkwọ maka ụmụ akwụkwọ dị n'etiti, na ụlọ akwụkwọ maka ụmụaka nwere "ihe ịma aka siri ike na / ma ọ bụ *[[Yirat Shamayim]]* (nkwenkwe okpukpe). Ụfọdụ metivtas na-arụ ọrụ "ụzọ" dị iche iche iji mee ka ụmụ akwụkwọ dị iche iche nwee afọ ojuju.

**'metivta**', dị ka yeshivas, anaghị agbaso usoro agụmakwụkwọ ọha na eze nke oge na ezumike, kama ha na-ahazi afọ akwụkwọ dịka Kalenda Hibru si dị. Ụlọ akwụkwọ na-anọ ezumike n'oge ezumike ndị Juu, okwu ahụ na-agwụkwa n'ọnwa Av, ezumike ọdịnala maka yeshivas kemgbe ụbọchị Talmud. Enwekwara Usoro ejiji: ebe ọ bụ na ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị, ụmụ nwoke na-eyi uwe nkịtị na ụlọ akwụkwọ, mgbe ha banyere na metivta, a na-atụ anya na ha ga-eyi uwe ojii na uwe ọcha.

## Ihe ngosi
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Torah Vodaas Metivta (Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Harry Herskowitz)
thumb|Nwa akwụkwọ Haredi Metivta
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Klas Gemara, Hasidic yeshiva
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Bet Midrash, Yeshiva Tichonit
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Yeshiva University High School for Boys
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Metivta, Yeshiva Rabbi Chaim Berlin
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Yeshiva Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch
thumb|Metivtha Tifereth Jerusalem

## Hụkwa

* Bais Yaakov
* Mmụta ndị Juu
* Ndepụta nke mesivtas
* Yeshiva Gedolah

## Edemsibia

## Ebe e si nweta ya

* Astor, Yaakov. "Harry Herskowitz: Akụkọ ifo nke mere ụwa dị iche na ụwa nke ọdịiche" na Daring To Dream: Profiles in the growth of the American Torah community, Agudath Israel of America, May 2003, pp. 16-45.
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## Njikọ mpụga
Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Metivtas nke Greater America
Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations