Dubravka Ugrešić

Dubravka Ugrešić (hrhrCroatian: [dûbraːvka ûgreʃit͡ɕ]; 27 Machị 1949 - 17 Machị 2023) bụ onye edemede Yugoslav-Croatian na Dutch.hr[a] [1] Ọ ọmụmụ akwụkwọ na onwe1 nke Zagreb, ọ nọ na Amsterdam onye edemede n'onwe ya nke Zagreb, ọ nọ na Amsterdam onye edemede na gaa1 nke Zagreb, ọ nọ na Amsterdam onye edemede na  Yugoslavia. 

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A gidan Ugrešić na 27 Machị 1949 na Kutina, Yugoslavia (nke bụ Croatia ugbu a).  Adị ya n'iche nwere ụdị dị iche iche;  nne ya bụ onye ọrịa Bulgarian si Varna .  [1].  Mgbe ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ, ọ gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na mahadum, na Institute for Theory of Literature.  N'afọ 1993, ọ na-ahụ Croatia n'ihi ihe eji ụgbọ mmiri.  Ọድሮ oge na-ejedebe na mahadum Europe na America, UNC-Chapel Hill, UCLA, Mahadum Harvard, Mahadum Wesleyan, na Mahadum Columbia.[3]  Ọ bi na Amsterdam ebe ọ bụ onye edemede na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya na onye na-enye aka na ọtụtụ magazin na akwụkwọ ozi America na Europe.

### Akwụkwọ akụkọ na akụkọ mkpirikpi
Dubravka Ugrešić akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na nchịkọta aha.  E akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ya Steffie Speck in the Jaws of Life (Croatian: Štefica Cvek u raljama života) n'afọ 1981. N'ịbụ nke akwụkwọ na ọrụ nke akwụkwọ edemede dị elu (nke ndị edemede dị ka Gustave Flaubert na Bohumil Hrabal) na ሜ fim na-, Štefica Cvek u raljama života) n'afọ 1981.  echiche akwụkwọ nke akwụkwọ ahụ.[1]  Ọ na-eso onye na-eto eto na-ede akwụkwọ aha ya bụ Steffie Speck, onye e si na kọlụm Dear Abby wepụta aha ya, ka ọ na-achọ achọ, ma na-eme ka ọ bụrụ na-atọ ọchị ma na-amanye ya site na ihe ndị na-atọ ụtọ nke akwụkwọ.  E mere akwụkwọ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ ihe nkiri Yugoslav nke 1984 na-aga nke ọma In the Jaws of Life, nke Rajko Grlić duziri..

Banyere edemede ya, Ugrešić kwuru, sị:
 
Akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ya bụ Fording the Stream of Consciousness natara NIN Award na 1988, ozizi elu na Yugoslavia mbụ, ndị mmeri ya Daniel Kiš na Milorad Pavić;  Ugrešić bụ mbụ e nyere onyinye ahụ.  Akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ahụ bụ "ihe" yiri Bulgakov ize " egwu ndị edemede" mba ụwa na-ezukọta na akwụkwọ na Zagreb n'oge Yugoslavian.  Museum of Unconditional Surrender bụ akwụkwọ ozi nke njikọ na ichefu.  Nwanyị na-akọ ndị, onye achụgara mba ọzọ, nke ihe nkiri nke Berlin na-esote na ihe oyiyi nke mba ya na-alụ agha Yugoslavia gbara gburugburu, na- agbanwe oge nke ndụ ya, n'oge gara aga na ugbu a.

N'ịbụ nke e debere na Amsterdam, Ministry of Pain na-egosi ndụ ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ.  N'asụsụ Baba Yaga Laid An Egg, nke e na Canongate Myth Series .  [1] Ugrešić jiri ogbun ifo Slavic nke Baba Yaga kɔɔ ifo nke oge a.  Ọ na-emetụta enweghị nhata nwoke na gosiri na ike.

### Ihe odide
Ugrešić "ọrụ okike na-eguzogide mbelata na ụdị nkọwa dị mfe, nke dịpụrụ adịpụ".

### Ihe odide ndị ọzọ
.Dubravka Ugrešić bụkwa onye ọkaibe na-ede akwụkwọ nke akwụkwọ edemede akwụkwọ akụkọ Russian avant-garde, na akwụkwọ ndị na-eme agha ifo nke oge a nke Russia Nova ruska proza ​​​​(New Russian Fiction, 1980).   [1] O dezi akwụkwọ akwụkwọ, dị ka Pljuska u ruci (A Slap in the Hand), soro dezi amụ nke Pojmovnik ruske vanguarde (Glossary of Russian avant-garde), ma akwụkwọa ndị edemede dị ka Boris Pilnyak na Daniil Kharms (site na Russian gaa na Croatian).   Ọ bụkwa onye dere akwụkwọ atọ maka mpempe

## ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ịgba ọsọ ndụ
Mgbe agha ahụ ahụmahụ na 1991 na Yugoslavia mbụ, Ugrešić weere nguzo siri ike megide agha na nke na-egosi mba.  O dere n'ụzọ nkatọ Ịhụ mba n'anya, nzu na mpụ nke agha, n'oge na-achọ anya ọ saf onye nke mgbasa ozi Croatian, ndị edemede ibe ya na ndị mmadụ na-eke anya.  E boro ya ebubo na ọ na-adịghị ịhụ mba n'anya ma eche ya "onye sabo", "onye iro nsogbu" na "onye amoosu".  Ọ Louis Croatia na 1993 mgbe usoro mgbasa na eze na eze na-adịte aka nchebe, na n'ihi na ọ "ihe ike ime mgbanwe na egwu na-adịgide nke ahụ edi n'ihu ọha, ndị agha ndị, ịlụ, na ndụ kwa ụbọchị".[1]  O dere ndị na-ekwu nke mba n'akwụkwọ ya The Culture of Lies, ma kpa "okwu onwe ya" ya na edemede The Question of Perspective (Karaoke Culture).  Ọ gara n'ihu na-ede .. gbara ndị nke ndị mmadụ nke oge a, "homogenization" nke ndị mmadụ sitere na mgbasa ozi, ndị agha, eji, eji ndị a na-ama na Jackie (Europe na Sepia).[2]  N'ịbụ "nwa amaala nke mkpọmkpọ ebe" ọ nwere ikike na eserese anya nke " a na-akpọ ịgba ndụ" (J. Brodsky).[3]  Akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ya (Ministry of Pain, The Museum of Unconditional Surrender) na-ama ihe mgbu nke ịgba ọsọ ndụ, ọmụmụ obi nke akwụkwọ onwe ịgba ọsọ ndụ.  Edemede ya Writer in Exile (na Thank You for Not Reading) bụ obere akwụkwọ akwụkwọ maka ahụ mba ọzọ.[4]  Ọ akara onwe ya dị ka "post-Yugoslavia, transnational, ma ọ bụ, ụfọdụ kpọmkwem, postnational". 

## Ihe nrite nke akwụkwọ

* 1988 - NIN Award (Ihe nrite kwa afọ maka Best New Yugoslav Novel) (Yugoslavia) 
* 1996 - Prix européen de l'essai Charles Veillon (Ihe nrite kwa afọ maka Best European Book of Essays) (Switzerland) 
* 1997 - Verzetsprijs 1997, Stichting Kunstenaarsverzet 1942-1945 (Artists in Resistance Prize) (Netherlands) 
* 1998 - SWF-Bestenliste Literaturpreis (Sud-West-Funk Bestlist Literary Award) (Germany) 
* 1998 - Ihe nrite steeti Austria maka akwụkwọ edemede Europe (Austria) 
* 2000 - Ihe nrite Heinrich Mann. Akademie Der Kunste Berlin (Germany) 
* 2004 - Premio Feronia-Città di Fiano (Italy) 
* 2006 - Ntinye aha maka Independent Foreign Fiction Prize (UK) 
* 2009 - A họpụtara ya maka Man Booker International Prize (UK) 
* 2010 - James Tiptree Jr. Award maka Baba Yaga Laid an Egg (US) 
* 2011 - Finalist nke National Book Critics Circle Awards (n'ụdị Criticism, maka Karaoke Culture: Essays) (USA) 
* 2012 - Jean-Améry-Prize for European Essays (Austria/Germany) 
* 2016 - Neustadt International Prize for Literature (US) 
* 2016 - Vilenica International Literary Festival Prize (Slovenia) 
* 2021 - Royal Society of Literature International Writer 

## Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ na nsụgharị Bekee

* *Poza za prozu* (1978). *Ihe Ndị A Na-eme n'Egwuregwu*
* *Štefica Cvek ma ọ bụ raljama života* (1981). *Steffie Speck na Jaws nke Ndụ*
* *Zivot je bajka* (1983). *Ndụ bụ Akụkọ ifo*
* Forsiranje romana reke (1988). N'ịmepụta Mmiri nke Amamihe, trans. Michael Henry Heim (Virago, 1991; Northwestern University Press, 1993) 
* *Američki fikcionar* (1993). Onye American Fictionary, trans. Celia Hawkesworth na Ellen Elias-Bursác (Open Letter, 2018); nsụgharị nke Have a Nice Day: From the Balkan War to the American Dream. Trans. Celia Hawkesworth (Jonathan Cape, 1994; Viking, 1995) 
* *Kultura laži* (1996). Omenala nke ụgha, trans. Celia Hawkesworth (Weidenfeld na Nicolson, 1998; Penn State University Press, 1998) 
* *Muzej bezuvjetne predage* (1997). Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie nke Nkwado Na-enweghị Mkpa, trans. Celia Hawkesworth (Phoenix House, 1998; New Directions, 2002) 
* *Zabranjeno čitanje* (2002). Ekele maka Ịghara Ịgụ, trans. Celia Hawkesworth na Damion Searls (Dalkey Archive, 2003) 
* *Ministarstvo boli* (2004). *Ozi nke Ihe Ọrịa*, trans. Michael Henry Heim (SAQI, 2005; Ecco Press, 2006) 
* *Nikog nema doma* (2005). Ọ dịghị onye nọ n'ụlọ, trans. Ellen Elias-Bursác (Telegram/SAQI, 2007; Open Letter, 2008) 
* Baba Jaga je snijela jaje (2007). *Baba Yaga tụfuru àkwá*, trans. Ellen Elias-Bursác, Celia Hawkesworth na Mark Thompson (Canongate, 2009; Grove Press, 2010) 
* Karaoke kultura (2011). *Omenala Karaoke*, trans. David Williams (Open Letter, 2011) 
* *Europa ma ọ bụ sepiji* (2013). *Europe na Sepia*, trans. David Williams (Open Letter, 2014) 
* *Lisica* (2017). Fox, trans. Ellen Elias-Bursać na David Williams (Open Letter, 2018) 
* *Doba kože* (2019). Afọ nke Akpụkpọ ahụ, trans. Ellen Elias-Bursać (Open Letter, 2020) 
* *Brnjica za vještice* (2021). A Muzzle for Witches, trans. Ellen Elias-Bursać (Open Letter, 2024) 

### Nchịkọta n'asụsụ Bekee

* Na Jaws of Life, trans. Celia Hawkesworth na Michael Henry Heim (Virago, 1992). Ọ chịkọtara akwụkwọ akụkọ Steffie Speck na Jaws of Life, nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi Life Is a Fairy Tale (1983), yana "A Love Story" (site na nchịkọta akụkọ dị nkenke nke 1978 *Poza za prozu*) na "The Kharms Case" (1987). 
** E bipụtaghachiri ya dị ka In the Jaws of Life and Other Stories (Northwestern University Press, 1993) 
** E bipụtaghachiri ya ọzọ dị ka Lend Me Your Character (Dalkey Archive, 2005), nsụgharị nke Damion Searls dezigharịrị na "A Love Story" ewepụrụ.
** Mbipụta 2005 nke Open Letter Books bipụtara na 2023 na mpempe akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ "Olee otu esi emebi Heroine nke Onwe Gị" na "Button, Button Who's Got the Button?", nke Ellen Elias-Bursác sụgharịrị.

## Ihe edeturu

## Ihe odide

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Official website
* Dubravka Ugrešić na *nyocha zuru ezu*
* Dubravka Ugrešić E debere ya na  ajụjụ ọnụ Wayback Machine site na Svetlana Boym na BOMB Magazine, 2002
* Ugrešić na Open Letter Books