Afọ Iri nke Mmụta nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu maka Mmepe Na-adịgide Adịgide

Afọ iri nke agụmakwụkwọ maka mmepe na-adịgide adịgide (DESD) 2005-2014 bụ atụmatụ agụmakwụkwọ iji mee ka ọ dịgide (ESD) nke United Nations. UNESCO nyere afọ iri ahụ dị ka ụlọ ọrụ na-eduga, ma mee ka netwọk Regional Centres of Expertise (RCE), na mmekọrịta mahadum GUPES. Mmalite nke United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development malitere mmegharị zuru ụwa ọnụ iji gbanwee agụmakwụkwọ iji dozie ihe ịma aka nke mmepe na-adịgide adịgide. Ọ bụ afọ iri mbụ nke UN iji guzobe usoro nlekota na nyocha zuru ụwa ọnụ na otu ndị ọkachamara. N'ịdabere na ihe ịga nke ọma nke Afọ Iri, nke ekwuru na Aichi-Nagoya Declaration on ESD, UNESCO kwadoro Global Action Programme on ESD (GAP) na nnọkọ nke 37 nke Nzukọ Ezumezu ya. N'ịbụ nke nzukọ UN General Assembly Resolution A / RES / 69/211 kwadoro ma malite na UNESCO World Conference on ESD na 2014, GAP na-ezube ime ka omume na omume ọma dịkwuo elu. UNESCO nwere ọrụ dị mkpa, tinyere ndị mmekọ ya, n'iweta ihe ndị dị mkpa iji hụ na a na-akwalite ụkpụrụ ESD site na agụmakwụkwọ, nke na-abụghị nke iwu kwadoro na nke na-ezighị ezi.

Nkwado mba ụwa nke ESD dị ka isi ihe na-eme ka mmepe na-adịgide adịgide na-eto eto. A ghọtara ọrụ ESD na nzukọ atọ dị mkpa nke UN na mmepe na-adịgide adịgide: 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) na Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) na Johannesburg, South Africa; na 2012 UN Conference on Sustainable development (UNCSD) na Rio. Nkwekọrịta ụwa ndị ọzọ dị mkpa dị ka Nkwekọ Paris (Nkebi nke 12) makwaara mkpa ESD dị. Taa, ESD bụ ihe a na-ekwu na ọ bụ isi nke 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development na 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (United Nations, 2015). SDGs ghọtara na mba niile ga-akpali ime ihe na mpaghara ndị a - ndị mmadụ, mbara ala, ọganihu, udo na mmekorita - iji merie ihe ịma aka ụwa niile dị oke mkpa maka ịdị ndụ nke ihe a kpọrọ mmadụ. Ụfọdụ n'ime SDGs ndị a gụnyere ijide n'aka na ike dị ọnụ ala na nke dị ọcha, inye mmiri dị ọcha na ịdị ọcha, na mmekorita maka ebumnuche ndị a. A kpọtụrụ ESD aha n'ụzọ doro anya na Target 4.7 nke SDG4, nke na-achọ ijide n'aka na ndị mmụta niile nwetara ihe ọmụma na nkà dị mkpa iji kwalite mmepe na-adịgide adịgide ma ghọta ya dị ka ụzọ dị mkpa iji nweta SDGs 16 ndị ọzọ. Tụkwasị na nke a, SDG17 na-elekwasị anya n'ịkwado ụzọ mmejuputa na imelite mmekọrịta zuru ụwa ọnụ maka mmepe na-adịgide adịgide.

## Banyere Afọ Iri
Dabere na aro nke Japan na Sweden, Nzukọ Ezumezu nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu, na nnọkọ nke 57 ya na Disemba 2002, nabatara mkpebi 57/254 iji malite DESD, na-agbaso atụmatụ mmejuputa Johannesburg, nke kwusiri ike na agụmakwụkwọ bụ ihe dị mkpa maka inweta mmepe na-adịgide adịgide.

A họpụtara UNESCO dị ka ụlọ ọrụ na-eduga maka Afọ Iri ma mepụta atụmatụ mmejuputa mba ụwa maka DESD.

Tinyere usoro Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), Education For All (EFA), na United Nations Literacy Decade (UNLD), DESD chọkwara imeziwanye ogo ndụ, ọkachasị maka ndị kasị daa ogbenye na ndị a na-akparaghị ókè, mmezu nke ikike mmadụ gụnyere nha nhata nwoke na nwanyị, mbelata ịda ogbenye, ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na ụmụ amaala na-arụsi ọrụ ike. Ọ bụ ezie na MDGs na-enye usoro ihe mgbaru ọsọ mmepe a na-ahụ anya na nke a na-atụle nke agụmakwụkwọ bụ ntinye na ihe ngosi dị mkpa; EFA na-elekwasị anya n'ụzọ isi nye onye ọ bụla ohere agụmakwụkwọ; UNLD na-elekpụkwa anya n'ịkwalite ngwá ọrụ mmụta dị mkpa maka ụdị mmụta niile a haziri ahazi, DESD na-echegbu onwe ya karịsịa na ọdịnaya na ebumnuche nke agụmakọta. N'echiche na imewe, ESD na-ama ụdị agụmakwụkwọ niile aka iji nabata omume na ụzọ ndị na-akwalite ụkpụrụ nke mmepe na-adịgide adịgide.

N'ịzaghachi DESD, Mahadum United Nations (UNU) kpọrọ oku maka mmepe nke netwọk maka nkwalite nke ESD, yana ịbụ ebe nka maka mmepe nyocha nke ESD. Nke a bụ ọmụmụ nke Regional Centres of Expertise (RCE) na-akwado agụmakwụkwọ maka mmepe na-adịgide adịgide. Dr. Betsy Boze nyere aka n'ịdepụta na nkwado nke International Association of Universities "Iquitos statement on Higher Education for Sustainable Development".

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) emeela ka e guzobe Global Universities Partnership on Environment and Sustainability (GUPES) na 2012 dị ka onyinye dị mkpa nye UN DESD.  Ihe GUPES lekwasịrị anya bụ gburugburu ogidi atọ: Education, Training and Network, ma dabere na ahụmịhe na ịbawanye nke Mainstreaming Environment and Sustainability in African Universities (MESA) project.

## Hụkwa

* Ọganihu Na-adịgide Adịgide
* Mmụta Maka Mmepe Na-adịgide Adịgide
* Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Afọ iri nke agụmakwụkwọ maka mmepe na-adịgide adịgide na UNESCO
* United Nations - Afọ Iri nke Mmụta maka Ọganihu Na-adịgide adịgide.