Miriam Tlali

**Miriam Tlali** (11 Nọvemba 1933 - 24 Febrụwarị 2017) bụ onye edemede South Africa. Ọ bụ nwanyị ojii mbụ na South Africa bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ Bekee,  *Between Worlds*, n'afọ 1975. Ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ndị mbụ dere banyere Soweto . Ọchịchị ịkpa ókè agbụrụ South Africa machibidoro ọtụtụ n'ime ihe odide ya na mbụ.   

## Ndụ na ọrụ ya
Miriam Masoli Tlali  mụrụ na Doornfontein, Johannesburg, ma tolite na Sophiatown .  Ọ gara St Cyprian's Anglican School wee gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Madibane. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Witwatersrand ruo mgbe e mechiri ya nye ndị ojii n'oge oge ịkpa ókè agbụrụ; o mechara gaa na National University of Lesotho (nke a na-akpọ Pius the XII University) na Roma, Lesotho .  N'ịbụ onye hapụrụ ebe ahụ n'ihi ụkọ ego, ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ odeakwụkwọ ma nweta ọrụ dị ka onye na-ede akwụkwọ n'otu ụlọ ahịa ngwá ụlọ na Johannesburg.  

Tlali dọtara ahụmahụ ya dị ka onye odeakwụkwọ ụlọ ọrụ maka akwụkwọ mbụ ya, *Muriel at Metropolitan*, akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe omimi nke "echiche ya bụ nke ọhụrụ na akwụkwọ South Africa".  Ọ bụ ezie na e dere ya n'afọ 1969, e ebipụtaghị ya ruo afọ isii, bụ́ nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ebipụta akwụkwọ na South Africa jụrụ. N'afọ 1975 Ravan Press bipụtara *Muriel na Metropolitan* : "naanị mgbe ha wepụrụ ụfọdụ ihe ndị ha chere na ọ ga-akpasu Board Censorship - ndị na-ahụ maka akwụkwọ edemede South Africa. Mana n'agbanyeghị mbọ a, amachibidoro akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ozugbo e bipụtara ya n'ihi na Board Censorship kwuru na ọ dịghị mma na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa."  Akwụkwọ ahụ ruru ọtụtụ ndị na-ege ntị ka e bipụtasịrị ya n'afọ 1979 site n'aka Longman n'okpuru aha *n'etiti ụwa abụọ*, na nsụgharị ya na-esote n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere Japanese, Polish, German na Dutch.  N’afọ 1988, Tlali kwuru n’akwụkwọ e nyere na Amsterdam n’ihu Kọmitii Na-emegide Ịnahụ Nnyocha:  “Nye ndị Filistia, ọkọlọtọ akwụkwọ, ndị nkatọ. . . . Anyị na-ede akwụkwọ ojii South Africa (ndị na-eche ọrụ nke ime ka ndị mmadụ na anyị onwe anyị aka na-ede akwụkwọ maka ndị anyị maara bụ ndị na-ege ntị kwesịrị ekwesị. Anyị agaghị ede ka anyị wee ruo eru na nkọwa gị nke ihe ị kọwara dị ka 'ezi nka'. . . . Ọrụ anyị bụ idere ndị anyị na ha akwụkwọ.” 

Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya nke abụọ, *Amandla*, bụ nke dabere n'afọ 1976 Soweto ọgba aghara, machibidokwara na South Africa obere oge ka e bipụtara ya n'afọ 1980.  Akwụkwọ ndị Tlali mechara gụnyere *Mihloti* (nke pụtara "Anya mmiri"), nchịkọta akụkọ mkpirisi, ajụjụ ọnụ na akụkọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo, bipụtara n'afọ 1984 site n'aka ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ ojii Skotaville, bụ nke o mebere.  Ewepụghị akwụkwọ akụkọ ya na 1986.  Akwụkwọ ya 1989 *Footprints in the Quag*, nke David Philip bipụtara na South Africa, bụ nke Pandora Press weputara n'okpuru aha *Soweto Stories* .  

Tlali kwadoro ma nye aka na magazin *Staffrider*, bụ nke o dere otu kọlụm oge niile, "Soweto Talk", yana ide maka akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ South Africa, gụnyere *Rand Daily Mail* . 

Ihe omume edemede Tlali kpọgara ya n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke ụwa, gụnyere Netherlands, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ otu afọ,  na USA. N'afọ 1978, o sonyere na mmemme ide ihe mba ụwa na Mahadum steeti Iowa, na-enye nkuzi na San Francisco, Atlanta, Washington DC, na New York, na n'etiti afọ 1989 na 1990 bụ ọkà mmụta nleta na South Africa Research Programme na Mahadum Yale . 

## Ihe nrite na nkwanye ugwu
N'afọ 1995, ngalaba gọọmentị South Africa nke Arts, Culture, Sayensị na Nkà na ụzụ kwanyere Tlali ugwu site na nturu ugo mmeri nke ndụ ndụ. N 2008 ọ natara Ikhamanga Silver President award.  

Na 11 Nọvemba 2018, Google ji doodle mata ya. 

## Akwụkwọ ndekọ aha ahọpụtara

* *N'etiti ụwa abụọ*, Johannesburg: Ravan Press, 1975. Longman, 1979.
* *Amandla*, South Africa: Vivlia Publishers, 1980,  .
* *Mihloti*, Johannesburg: Skotaville, 1984.
* *Akara ukwu na Quag*, David Philip Publishers, 1989,  . Dịka *Akụkọ Soweto*, London: Pandora, 1989.

## Ọgụgụ ya ọzọ

* Bernth Linfors na Reinhard Sander, *Caribbean na narị afọ nke iri abụọ na ndị ode akwụkwọ ojii Africa*, Detroit: Nnyocha Gale, 1996.
* Derek Attridge na Rosemary Jane Jolly, *Ide South Africa: Akwụkwọ, Apartheid na Democracy 1970 - 1995*, Cambridge (UK) na New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
* Christina Cullhed, *Mkparịta ụka ya na ndị nna ochie: Usoro nkọwa nke nguzogide n'ime akwụkwọ Miriam Tlali* . Akwụkwọ akwụkwọ doctoral, 2006. Mahadum Uppsala bipụtara .
* Sarah Nuttall, "Akwụkwọ na Archive: The Biography of Texts", na Carolyn Hamilton (ed. ), *Na-emegharị ebe nchekwa*, Cape Town: David Philip, 2002.

## Edensibia