Boturu amoosu

thumb|Bottle ndị amoosu
Bottle witch bụ ihe ndekọ apotropaic eji eme ihe dị ka ihe ọmụma nke amoosu.  A na-achọta ha n'ihe ihe ndị mere eme sitere na England na United States.  Ihe mbụ a mbụ aha bụ site na mbụ adọ nke iri na asaa n'England.

## Mmalite na nzube
Otu n'ime mbụ nke karama amoosu na Suffolk, England, bụ na 1681 na Joseph Glanvill's Saducismus Triumphatus, ma ọ bụ Ihe gbasara gbasara ndị amoosu na ihe ngosi.:
 
akara ọመልካ ala n'oge ọgbara ọhụrụ ọ bụ omenala a na-ama izochi ihe dị ka ihe ndị e dere ede, nwamba kpara nkụ, Okpokoro isi ụgbọ, Akpụkpọ ụkwụ zoro ezo, na karama ndị amoosu n'ime ụlọ.[2][3]  Anwansi omenala na-ekwu na karama ndị na-amoosu na-echebe egbochi mgbasa ozi na-ekiri, ma na-ama ọgwụ ndị amoosu;  ha bụ ngwaọrụ anọ;  fim ya bụ ụdị ma jide ngwaahịa na-emetụta ndị nwe ha.

## Nkọwa
Ụfọdụ n'ime karama ndị amoosu mbụ e dere ede nwere ite nkume nnu a na-akpọ Bartmann jugs, Bellarmines, ma ọ bụ "Greybeards".  A na-akpọ Bellarmines aha onye Inquisitor na-atụ egwu, Robert Bellarmine, onye kpagburu ndị Protestant ma nye aka n'ịkpọ Giordano Bruno ọkụ.  A na-eji ihe ndị na-acha nchara nchara ma ọ bụ na-acha ntụ ntụ mee Greybeards na Bellarmines nke e ji nnu mee ma jiri ihu nwere afụ ọnụ ọnụ ya mma.

## Nkwadebe
thumb|Bottle witch nke narị afọ nke iri na itoolu sitere na Lincolnshire, England, na ihe dị n'ime ya
onye amoosu ọcha ma ọ bụ onye na ọrịa ga- ike karama onye amoosu ahụ.  N'ihi ihe mere eme, karama onye amoosu ahụ nwere mamịrị, ntutu ma ọ bụ ntú, ma ọ bụ eriri uhie sitere n'ọnyà sprite.  Mgbe e hụ, a na-e akara karama ndị amoosu na rosemary, agịga na pin, na na-acha ọkụ.  N'okpuru ọkụ ụlọ, ma ọ bụ tinye ya n'ebe a na-ahụ ahụkebe n'ama ahụ.  Ekwenyere na mgbe e liri ya, karama ahụ na-ejide ihe ihe nke a na-akpọgide na pin na agịga, na-egbu ya, ma chụpụ ya na rosemary..

Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-eji mmiri mmiri ma ọ bụ ala eme ihe. Ụdị karama ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịnwe ájá, nkume, eriri, ábụ́bà, mkpokoro, ahịhịa, okooko osisi, nnu, vinegar, mmanụ, mkpụrụ ego, ma ọ bụ ntụ. Ngwaọrụ anwansi yiri nke ahụ bụ "lemon na pins".

Mgbanwe ọzọ dị n'ime ihe a na-etinye na karama ahụ. A tụbara karama ụfọdụ nke ndị amoosu n'ime ọkụ ma mgbe ha gbawara, a kwụsịrị ịgba afa ma ọ bụ gbuo onye amoosu ahụ.

E ta na karama ndị amoosu na-arụ ọrụ ma ọ na karama ahụ ikike na-ezo ma mba ịgbaji.  Ndị mmadụ nwere ọtụtụ nsogbu n'ịdebe karama ndị amoosu ha - a Hindura ndị e liri n'okpuru ọkụ ọkụ mgbe a kwatuchara ụlọ ndị ọzọ ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ ọzọ furu efu.   Mmalite nke ọdịnala a ka a mgbasa ma ọ ị chọrọ ala na ike awụ nke iri na isii.  N'oge ochie, a na-eji nkume eme karama ndị ahụ ma nwee ike mbọ na-agba nchara, mamịrị, ogwu ntutu, ịhụ nsso, na-ama iko, osisi, na ọkpụkpụ..

## N'England
 Ụdị "ọgwụ a" 1911 Ahụ na ndị amoosu siri ike.   A na- karama ndị ahụ e liri n'okpuru ọkụ, n'okpuru ala, ma tinye ha n'ime akwụkwọ.  N'afọ 2016, e sere karama iko a mmekọrịta e liri n'ọnụ ụzọ ụlọ nwoke n'otu ihe omume nke Antiques Roadshow nke e mere na Trelissick, Cornwall;  fim n'ihe nkiri iko Andy McConnell detụrụ obere ihe dị n'ime ya na-ekwu na ọ nwere ike ịbụ ụgbọ mmiri ma ọ bụ omume ọ bụ ọ bụ ọ bụrụ na ọ tara na ọ na ọ na-atọ ụtọ na-agba nchara na-eme, ihe omume ọzọ na Mahadum Loughborough ihera na ọ nwere "m, obere obere" n'iji brass.  A na-eche na ọ bụ karama amoosu.

## Na Belgium
N'oge a na-emezigharị ụlọ mmanya De Zwarte Ruiter na Turnhout, Belgium, na 2020 a chọtara ite sitere na narị afọ nke iri na isii. A na-eji ya eme ihe iji gbochie amoosu. Ọ bụ oge mbụ a chọtara "bottle amoosu" dị otú ahụ na Europe na-abụghị England.

## Na United States
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a chọpụtala ihe na-erughị karama iri na abụọ nke ndị amoosu na United States.[7] Onye na-amụ banyere ihe ndị e gwupụtara n'ala bụ Marshall Becker bụ onye mbụ chọpụtara karama ndị amoosu America n'ihe gbasara ihe ndị e sengumunaka n'ala. [8] A maara dị ka karama amoosu Essington, a chọtara ihe ahụ n'oge a na-egwu ihe na Great Tinicum Island na Delaware County, Pennsylvania. Otu ebe ohu ma ọ bụ onye bi na Dorchester County, Maryland, nke dị n'etiti narị afọ nke iri na itoolu ruo mmalite narị afọ nke abụọ, wepụtara karama ndị amoosu e liri n'ala nke ihe nkedo ya na-ejikọta ya na pin ndị kwụ ọtọ. N'afọ 2016, e gwupụtara otu karama jupụtara na mbọ n'ọkụ nke ebe Agha Obodo dị na Virginia ma yie ka ọ bụ karama amoosu.

## Hụkwa
 

## Ihe odide
**Ihe edeturu****Akwụkwọ**

 

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ụwa Ọchịchịrị nke ndị amoosu. New York: A.S. Barnes & Co., 1962
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ihe nzuzo nke East Anglian Magic. London: Robert Hale, 1995
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "The Usage of Witch-Bottles and Apotropaic Charms in Cornwall" *Old Cornwall* 12, No. 6 (2000) pp. 25-30&nbsp;

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Brian Hoggard na karama ndị amoosu na ihe ndị ọzọ apotropaic
* "17th Century Urine-Fist 'Witch Bottle' Found", MSNBC.com, 4 June 2009
* Otu karama ndị amoosu America
* Bottles e liri: The Archaeology of Witchcraft and Sympathetic Magic, M. Chris Manning
* Ịmeghe karama ndị amoosu
* Witch Bottle, Jefferson Patterson Park na Museum, Maryland
* Igbe Ntụmọkpọ nke narị afọ nke iri na itoolu si Lincolnshire, England, Portable Antiquities Scheme.
* Arịa Bellarmine nke Mosoho
* Lore Podcast Episode 156: Bottled Up