open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Beatrice Willard

**Beatrice "Bettie" Willard** (December 19, 1925 - 7 Jenụwarị 2003) bụ onye America na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ bụ onye ọkachamara na ọmụmụ ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi na botany nke tundra dị elu, yana tundra arctic. Ọmụmụ Willard metụtara amụma ọha na ọmụmụ ya, nke gbadoro ụkwụ na ndụ osisi n'ebe dị elu. Willard bụ onye na-ahụ maka nhazi nke Beatrice Willard Alpine Tundra Research Plots n'elu osisi dị na Rocky Mountain National Park, nke edepụtara ugbu a na National Register of Historic Places. N'afọ ndị sochirinụ, ọ bụ onye ndụmọdụ ndị isi ala US Nixon na Ford dị ka nwanyị mbụ na Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) 
## Akụkọ ndụ
Beatrice Willard was born December 19, 1925, the daughter of Stephen and Beatrice Williard, living in Palm Springs, California and Sierra Nevada during her childhood. Her father was a noted landscape photographer.  She developed an interest in natural studies by the time she was twelve. From an early age she was encouraged by her parents to read about plants, animals, and the environment around her. She was awarded a B.A. in biological sciences from Stanford University in 1947, then attended the National Park Service Yosemite Field School. However, she was unable to get a job with the Park Service and took work as a high school teacher, first in Salinas, California, then in Oakland, and finally at Tulelake High School in California. In 1952 she began working as a seasonal interpretive ranger at Lava Beds National Monument and Crater Lake National Park. During the 1950s  Willard was awarded a Ford Foundation grant to study alpine ecology in Europe. She earned her M.A. in 1960 and her Ph.D. in 1963, both in botany/plant ecology at the University of Colorado, advised by John Marr, founder of the Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research. O dere ala n'elu osisi: A Guide to American Alpine Tundra (1972, revised 1996, with coauthor- illustrator Ann Zwinger), A Guide to the Mammoth Lakes Sierra (1959, with Dean Rinehart and Elden Vestal), A Roadside Guide to Rocky Mountain National Park (1990, na Susan00 National Park, Quits0, National Park) Linda H. Beidleman na Richard G. Beidleman). N'afọ ndị ọzọ [olee mgbe?] ọ duziri Thorne Institute dị na Aspen, Colorado wee na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Rocky Mountain Chapter nke Sierra Club yana ya na Colorado Open Space Council. Willard kwalitere nguzobe nke Florissant Fossil Beds National Ncheta. Dị ka onye otu CEQ ọ dụrụ ọdụ na imewe nke Trans-Alaska Pipeline System. Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị CEQ na 1973 ọ sonyere na Colorado School of Mines wee guzobe mmemme sayensị gburugburu ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ, na-enweta onyinye nrite nke United Nations pụtara ìhè gburugburu ebe obibi.

## Edemsibia
Puku abụọ na narị na iri itoolu

**Puku abụọ na narị otu iri itoolu**

### Nkọwa
Ọ bụ otu n'ime ọnụ ọgụgụ enwere n'ụwa. A na-agụ ya ma agụchaa puku abụọ na narị otu iri asatọ-itoolu

### Nkejiasụsụ
Aha 

### Ọmụmatụ
N’afọ puku abụo na narị otu iri itoolu, ihe di egwu mere na mba Naịjịrịa.

### Mkpọpụta

### Ọlụmba

### Ntụgharị n' asụsụ ọzọ
## Bekee
Two thousand and ten (2010)

''' 

### Nkọwa
Ọ bụ otu n'ime ọnụ ọgụgụ enwere n'ụwa. A na-agụ ya ma agụchaa Puku abụọ na narị otu iri asatọ-itoolu

### Nkejiasụsụ
Aha 

### Ọmụmatụ
N’afọ puku abụo na narị otu iri itoolu , ihe di egwu mere na mba Naịjịrịa.

### Mkpọpụta

### Ọlụmba

### Ntụgharị n' asụsụ ọzọ
## Bekee
one hundred and ninety Two_thousand one hundred and ninety (2190)
Audrey Brooks

**Audrey Vera Brooks** (1933-2018) bụ onye Britain na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ, ọkà mmụta ihe ọkụkụ, na onye edemede. A maara ya nke ọma maka ọrụ ya maka Royal Horticultural Society ebe ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ nwere ọkwa dị elu..

## Ọrụ
A mụrụ Brooks na Kent na 1933. Brooks gụrụ akwụkwọ gbasara ọrụ ugbo na Mahadum Aberystwyth. N'afọ 1957, Brooks malitere ọrụ dị ka onye na-enyere ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ọkụkụ aka maka Royal Horticultural Society na RHS Garden, Wisley. N'afọ 1964, e buliri ya ka ọ bụrụ ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ọrịa osisi ma gbaa akwụkwọ maka ụgwọ ọnwa nke ya na ndị ọrụ ibe ya nwoke. Brooks gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ maka Royal Horticultural Society, mechara bụrụ onye ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ọrịa osisi na onye ọrụ mmụta na-ahụ maka nyocha nke Royal Horticultural Society.

Mgbe ọ nọ na Royal Horticultural Society, Brooks dezigharịrị *RHS Gardens Club Journal*  ma mepụta ọtụtụ akwụkwọ gbasara ọrịa na nsogbu osisi nke na-anọgide na-ede ederede maka iru eru RHS. 

Brooks lara ezumike nká na Royal Horticultural Society na 1993.

## Nsọpụrụ

* Royal Horticultural Society Associate of Honour (1994) 

## Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara

* ya na Andrew Halstead Garden Pests and Diseases (Royal Horticultural Society's Encyclopaedia of Practical Gardening) 
* Ahụhụ, Ọrịa na Nsogbu (Wisley) (Royal Horticultural Society 1977) 
* ya na Keith M Harris na Andrew Halstead *Ụmụ ahụhụ mkpụrụ osisi, Ọrịa na Nsogbu* (Royal Horticultural Society 1976) 

## Edemsibia
Augusta Vera Duthie

**Augusta Vera Duthie** (18 Julaị 1881 Belvidere, Knysna – 8 Ọgọst 1963 Belvidere, Knysna) bụ onye Saụt Afrịka onye na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ na-amụ ihe ọkụkụ nke Western Cape ma bụrụkwa onye nkuzi a ma ama bụ onye nkuzi nkuzi gbasara ahịhịa ndụ cryptogamic. Ọ bụ onye nkuzi mahadum mbụ na botany bụ onye gụrụ akwụkwọ na South Africa.A na-eji abbreviation ode akwụkwọ ọkọlọtọ A.V.Duthie gosi onye a dị ka onye odee mgbe ọ na-ehota aha botanical..  

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
Otu n'ime ụmụ ise, a mụrụ Archibald Hamilton na Augusta Vera Duthie na na Knysna, South Africa.. O nwetara nzere B.A. sitere na Huguenot College na 1901, MA sitere na South Africa College na 1910, na D.Sc. sitere na Mahadum South Africa na 1929. 

## Ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ
A họpụtara ya dị ka onye nkuzi botany na Victoria College, ugbu a Mahadum Stellenbosch na 1902. N'afọ 1912, ọ gara Mahadum Cambridge ma soro Albert Seward rụọ ọrụ. N'afọ 1929, ọ rụchara osisi nke Stellenbosch Flats, mpaghara alluvial gbara kọleji ahụ gburugburu. Mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na 1939, ọ laghachiri iji jikwaa ugbo ezinụlọ ya Belvidere ebe ọ nwụrụ na 1963. N'ime testament ya, o nyere St Andrew's College ego, ebe ọ kụziri, iji kwado agụmakwụkwọ.

## Aha ndị ọzọ

* *Duthiastrum*
* Mkpụrụ osisi ọla edo nke Duthie *Chlorotalpa duthieae* Broom
* *Impatiens duthieae*
* *Ischyrolepis duthieae* (Pillans) H. P. Linder
* *Ornithogalum duthiae*
* *Psilocaulon duthieae*
* *Romulea duthieae*
* *Ruschia duthiae*
* *Stomatium duthieae*

## Ọrụ ndị dị mkpa

## Ememe ncheta
A na-echeta ya site na windo enyo na mgbidi ugwu nke Holy Trinity Church na Belvidere nso Knysna, nna nna ya, Thomas Henry Duthie, tọrọ ntọala chọọchị ahụ.

## Ndepụta Nkwupụta

## Njikọ mpụga

* Biography of Augusta Vera DuthienaS2A3Biographical Database nke Southern African Science
Marie-Claire Faray

**Marie-Claire Faray** bụ onye na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị si Democratic Republic of the Congo.

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
Faray nwetara nzere Bachelor nke sayensị na Mahadum Metropolitan nke London ma gụsịrị akwụkwọ na London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine na Master of Science. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ gara Mahadum Queen Mary nke London ịrụ ọrụ mgbe ọ na-emecha PhD ya.

## Ọrụ
Faray na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ ozi ahụike na onye nyocha sayensị na ọrịa na-efe efe na Mahadum Queen Mary nke London na Barts Hospital. Faray na-akwado ịmepụta ntuziaka mba ụwa nke na-asọpụrụ iwu na gọọmentị  site na mkpọsa megide ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị n'Africa, yana maka udo na ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ. 

Faray na-etinye aka n'ịkwalite Protocol Maputo maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị Africa. Otu n'ime ebumnuche ya bụ iji hụ na ikike mmadụ bụ isi maka ụmụ nwanyị niile na nchekwa ha na nkwekọrịta nke Isiokwu nke atọ, ịrị na asaa , ịrị na asatọ, ịrị na itọọlu na ịrị abụọ nke Universal Declaration of Human Rights gafee Africa site n'afo pụkụ abụọ na ịrị abụọ dị ka akụkụ nke African Women's Decade movement. Ọ bụ osote onye isi oche nke UK nke Women's International League for Peace and Freedom,  ma nọ na kọmitii na-ahụ maka Common Cause UK, ikpo okwu nke na-akwalite ụmụ nwanyị Congo na mba UK. Ọ bụkwa onye otu Million Women Rise .  Ọ bụkwa onye otu UK nke Million Women Rise, njikọ mba nke ụmụ nwanyị. n'ubochi ịrị na isii n'onwa Disemba n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na asaa, na Faray jiri enyemaka abụọ ndị ọzọ guzobe alaka nke WILPF na isi obodo Congo nke Kinshasa.

## Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu
Faray gara United Nation's 2008 Biennial Meeting of States iji kwurịta mmekọrịta dị n'etiti obere ngwá agha na ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị n'Afrika.

## Ndụ onwe onye
Faray na ụmụ ya nwanyị abụọ bi na mba  London.

## Edemsibịa

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Blanca Renée Arrillaga

thumb|Blanca Renée Arrillaga
**Blanca Renée Arrillaga Oronoz de Maffei** (Artigas, 1917-2011 )bụ onye Uruguayan chemist, botanist, prọfesọ na agrostologist. Site na Ngalaba Artigas nke Uruguayan, ọ malitere ọmụmụ ya ebe ahụ kwagara Montevideo ebe ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta na kemistri ọgwụ na ngalaba Chemistry na Mahadum Republic (Uruguay).. &#x5B;**&#x5D; Akwụkwọ ya kachasị mkpa gụnyere 'Nuevas especies y notas taxonómicas en Uruguay y Paraguay' (1968) na mmekorita; Plantas Medicinales (1969) na Gramíneas Uruguayas (1970) na B. Rosengurtt na P. Izaguirre de Artucio. 

## Edemsibia
Matthew Callinan

**Matthew Callinan** bụ onye Australia bụbu onye na-agba bọọlụ rugby league nke gbara bọọlụ n'afọ ndị 1980. Ọ gbara bọọlụ maka Canterbury-Bankstown na asọmpi NSWRL.

## Ọrụ ịgba egwu
Callinan sitere na obodo Wingham wee bịanye aka na Canterbury na oge 1985 NSWRL.  Callinan mere ọkwa izizi ya maka Canterbury na gburugburu 14 megide Cronulla na Shark Park.

N'agbanyeghị na ọ na-egwu naanị egwuregwu atọ na klas mbụ, a họpụtara Callinan maka Canterbury na nnukwu ọkara ikpeazụ ha megide St. George, nke Canterbury meriri 17-6, na Callinan na-agba mbọ. N'izu na-eso ya, Callinan gbara egwu na mmeri Canterbury 26–0 meriri Parramatta na-emegide ya, gbara mbọ abụọ.  A dobere Callinan na nku maka 1985 NSWRL nnukwu egwuregwu ikpeazụ megide St. George, nke Canterbury meriri 7-6, na-ekwu na ọkwa mbụ nke ise ha.  Oge na-esote, Callinan gbara naanị egwuregwu isii maka Canterbury wee hapụ ya na njedebe nke  oge ahụ.  

## Edensibia

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ụlọ Nzukọ Ndị Isi Carlotta

Carlotta Case Hall (January 19, 1880 – 1949) bụ onye ọka mmụta ihe ọkụkụ America na prọfesọ mahadum bụ onye chịkọtara ma bipụta ya na ferns. O mekwara akwụkwọ ntuziaka na osisi nke Yosemite National Park.

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Carlotta Hall na Kingsville, Ohio, na 1880 na Adelaide Percy (Hardy) Case na Quincy A. Case. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ botany na Mahadum California, Berkeley, wee gụchaa na B.S. n'afọ 1904  N'afọ 1910, ọ lụrụ onye na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ Harvey Monroe Hall, onye ya na ya nwere nwa nwanyị, Martha, n'afọ 1916. 

Hall ghọrọ onye na-anakọta fern na osote prọfesọ nke botany na Mahadum California, Berkeley. O bipụtara na ferns nke Pacific Coast ma soro di ya dee akwụkwọ ntuziaka A Yosemite Flora (1912) dị ka akwụkwọ nduzi botanical dị n'akpa uwe maka Yosemite National Park. Akwụkwọ ahụ na-ekpuchi ihe karịrị ụdị 900, na-ahapụ naanị ahịhịa, ahịhịhịa ahịhịrị, na ahịhụrụ.

Ọ bụ onye otu California Academy of Sciences na onye otu nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ sayensị Europe.

A na-akpọ otu ụdị California fern, tufted lacefern ma ọ bụ Carlotta Hall's lace fern (*Aspidotis carlotta-halliae*), iji sọpụrụ ya.

Akwụkwọ ya, tinyere nke di ya na nwa ya nwanyị, bụ nke UC Berkeley.

## Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ

* "*Notholaena copelandii*, a Newly Recognized Species of the Mexican Texano Region". *J. Am Fern* 40 (2), 1950, 178-187.
* "A *Pellaea* nke Baja California". *J. Am. Fern* 37 (4), 1947, 111-114.
* "Nchọpụta na Western Botrychiums". *J. Am Fern* 33 (4), 1943, 119-130.

Dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ;

* Ụdị Polypodium nke Pacific Coast. Mahadum California, 1918.

* A Yosemite Flora: Akụkọ Nkọwa nke Ferns na Floresing Plants, gụnyere Osisi, nke Ogige Ntụrụndụ Yosemite. Paul Elder & Company, 1912.

## Edemsibia
{{Reflist|refs=

"Harvey M. and Carlotta C. Hall papers, 1895-1949". The University and Jepson Herbaria, UC Berkeley.
Carmen Lelia Cristóbal

**Carmen Lelia Cristóbal** bụ prọfesọ nke ihe ọkụkụ nke Argentina na National University of the Northeast (UNNE) na Corrientes . 

Na 1959, o nwetara akara ugo mmụta doctorate na botany na National University of Tucumán. Ọpụrụiche ya bụ ezinụlọ Sterculiaceae, akwụkwọ akụkọ ya na genus Ayenia nwetara ihe nrite abụọ: “Ernesto Padilla” Prize na 1960 site na Miguel Lillo Foundation (Fundación Miguel Lillo) na “Cristobal Hicken” Prize na 1961 site na National Academy of Sciences of Argentina.

Cristóbal bụ onye nkuzi na Tucumán na 1962 n'otu oge ahụ ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nyocha CONICET.

N'afọ 1964 ọ ghọrọ prọfesọ nke Botany I na Corrientes, ebe ọ kụzikwaara dị ka akụkụ nke Faculty of Exact Sciences.

Cristóbal na di ya, Antonio Krapovickas, guzobere UNNE's Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste, ma ọ bụ *Ibone*, na ihe karịrị 250,000.

O dere ihe karịrị ọrụ 40, gụnyere 4 taxonomic revisions, na ọrụ ya na ụdị *Byttneria* bụ nke a ma ama.

## Onyinye na ihe nrite

* Onye natara onyinye "Ernesto Padilla" (1960) 
* Onye natara onyinye "Cristobal Hicken" (1961) 
* Onye nyocha CONICET (1962 - ?)  

## Edemsibia

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Mark Killilea Snr

**Mark Killilea Snr (15 Jenụwarị 1897 - 29 Septemba 1970) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Fianna Fáil Irish.  Ọ bụ Teachta Dála (TD) maka mpaghara mpaghara na County Galway ihe karịrị afọ 30, wee bụrụ Senator maka afọ 8.**

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Killilea na obodo Cloonnabricka, Ballinamore Bridge, County Galway, nye Pat Killilea, onye ọrụ na Anne Giblin.

Killilea kwuru na ọ bụ onye ọrụ afọ ofufo nke Irish site na 1917 wee soro ndị agha Irish Republican na-arụsi ọrụ ike site na Eprel 1918 ruo Septemba 1923, n'oge Agha Independence nke Irish na Agha Obodo Irish, na mpaghara Wexford, Galway na Mayo. E merụrụ ya ahụ na Mee 1921.

Killilea bụ onye guzobere Fianna Fáil na onye ọrụ ugbo na onye na-ere ahịa tupu ọ banye na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.[1]  A họpụtara ya na Dáil Éireann na mbọ mbụ ya, na ntuli aka izugbe nke June 1927 na mpaghara Galway oche itoolu.[1]  O weghaara oche ya na 5th Dáil, yana 44 ndị ọzọ Fianna Fáil TD bụ ndị kwụsịrị amụma Republican nke abstentionism wee were ṅụọ iyi na-arụrịta ụka, na-ewepụ ya dị ka "usoro efu".

A họpụtara ya ọzọ na Ntuli aka nke Septemba 1927.  Otú ọ dị, na mmeri Fianna Fáil na ntuli aka nke afọ 1932, ọ nwetaghị oche ọhụrụ na Galway. Ndị Fianna Fáil TD ise niile nọ ọdụ guzoro maka nhọpụta ọzọ, mana pati ahụ gbara ngụkọta nke ndị na-azọ ọkwa asaa na mpaghara ahụ ma Killilea bụ otu n'ime ndị TD abụọ nọ ọdụ ka ndị ọrụ ibe ha tụfuo oche ha. A họpụtara ya ọzọ n'afọ sochirinụ, na-anọchi Joseph Mongan nke Cumann na nGaedheal.

A họpụtara Killilea na ntuli aka izugbe asatọ niile n'ime afọ 28 na-esote, na-atụgharị gaa na mpaghara Galway East ọhụrụ mgbe e kewara ndị omeiwu mpaghara na ntuli aka 1937, wee họrọ Galway North ka emezigharị ọzọ maka ntuli aka izugbe nke  1948. 

Na ntuli aka nke afọ 1961, ọ tụfuru oche ya ọzọ, n'oge a na mpaghara Galway East e weghachiri. A gbanwere mpaghara atọ nwere oche atọ nke Galway West na oche ise nke Galway East, ebe Killilea bụ otu n'ime ndị Fianna Fáil TD anọ nọ ọdụ na-eguzo maka nhọpụta ọzọ. E weghachiri Michael Kitt na Michael Carty na ntuli aka gara aga, Anthony Millar merikwara ntuli aka na 1958. Ọ gaara esiri Fianna Fáil ike imeri anọ n'ime oche ise, na 55% nke votu mbụ, pati ahụ nwetara oche atọ: Killilea bụ onye meriri.

Mgbe ahụ, ọ kwụ maka ntuli aka na Seanad Éireann na Labour Panel, ma laghachi na 10th Seanad. A họpụtara ya ọzọ na ntuli aka Seanad nke afọ 1965 na Seanad nke iri na otu, mana ọ kwụsịrị na 1969 maka nwa ya nwoke Mark Killilea Jnr, onye a họpụtara na Seanad ya nke iri na abụọ.

Ọ lụrụ Mary Joan Turner na 1930.

### Ebubo Nzuzo A Na-ekwughị Okwu ya
N'afọ 1958, Killilea na nwunye ya zụlitere Anne Silke, onye bibu na Tuam Mother and Baby Home. Tupu ọ nwụọ, Anne Silke nyere ihe akaebe a kọrọ na ihe ngosi nke 2021 Untold Secrets nke Nova Productions mepụtara ma bụrụ nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri Basque Teresa Lavina duziri na a kụrụ ya ihe ma metọọ ya mgbe ọ nọ n'aka ezinụlọ ma jiri ya mee ihe dị ka ihe karịrị ohu. Silke kwuru na onye nwụrụ anwụ Mark Killilea Jnr wakporo ya. O kwukwara na nwa nwoke ọzọ nọ n'ezinụlọ ahụ dinara ya.

## Hụkwa

* Ezinụlọ na Oireachtas

## Edensibia
Deera Square

**Deera Square (Arabic: ساحة الديرة), nke a makwaara dị ka Justice Square (Arabic: ميدان العدل), Safa Square (Arabic: ساحة الصفاة) [1], ma ọ bụ Chop-Chop Square [2] [3] [4] bụ oghere ọha na mpaghara al-Dirah nke Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Ọ dị n'akụkụ ogige al-Hukm Palace na Imam Turki bin Abdullah Grand Mosque na mpaghara Qasr al-Hukm.A maara ya dị ka ebe akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ogbugbu ọha, ebe ndị a mara ikpe ọnwụ na Saudi Arabia gbupụrụ isi n'ihu ọha.**

N'oge a na-amaghị ama, ndị ọrụ nchekwa Saudi na ndị ọrụ ndị ọzọ kpochapụrụ ebe ahụ iji mee ka e gbuo mmadụ. Mgbe e gbupụsịrị isi nke onye ahụ a mara ikpe, a dụkọtara isi ahụ n'ahụ ya, nke a na-ekpuchi ma wepụ ya maka ememe ikpeazụ. Ọ bụ mpụ iji foto ma ọ bụ vidiyo dekọọ ogbugbu ndị e gburu, n’agbanyeghị ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bịaranụ na-agba àmà dị otú ahụ ihe omume ihu ọha.

Saudi Arabia ka bụ naanị mba nwere ntaramahụhụ ọnwụ iwu kwadoro site na igbupụ isi (beachụpụ isi)  - na 2022, igbu ọchụ e dekọrọ na Saudi Arabia ruru 196, ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu e dekọrọ edepụtara na mba ahụ n'ime afọ 30 - mana a naghịzi egbu isi n'ihu ọha, na-enweghị igbu ọchukwu edere na mba ahụ na 2022,  mgbe Red Crescent katọrọ na ntụnyere n'etiti Saudi Arabia na omume Islamic State.

## Mgbasa ozi nke ogbugbu ahụ
N'afọ 2009, onye nta akụkọ Canada Adam St. Patrick, onye hụrụ ogbugbu ọha na eze n'ogige ahụ, kọrọ, sị: "usoro a adịchaghị nke ọha ugbu a karịa ka ọ dịbu.  A naghị kpọgide ozu ka a na-egosiputa n'ámá ugboro ugboro, na igbupụ isi dọtara nnukwu igwe mmadụ mgbe ha na-eme ihe omume a na-eme kwa ụbọchị, nke a na-eme na Fraịdee mgbe e kpechara ekpere ehihie.  Ọ dịghị ihe omume ma ọ bụ ihe egwu na-amalite ma ọ bụ mechie ha ugbu a, ọ dịghịkwa ihe na-egosi mmata ma ọ bụ nchegbu banyere otú nke a si bụrụ ndị ọbịa.  

N'afọ 2015, a kọrọ na a machibidoro ime ihe nkiri nke igbu isi n'ihu ọha na Saudi Arabia. E nwere ịkọ nkọ na nke a bụ n'ihi mmetụta mba ụwa nke igbupụ isi n'ihu ọha nke Islamic State mere mgbe ahụ, na ihe a na-ekwu na ọ bụ "ihe ọchị" nke eziokwu ahụ bụ na Saudi Arabia, ịbụ onye mmekọ dị mkpa na njikọ aka US na-eduzi megide otu ahụ, mere otu ụdị ntaramahụhụ "obi ọjọọ" dị ka otu ndị agha.

## Ihe ngosi

Faịlụ:Dira_Square.JPG|The square in 2007
Faịlụ:OldRiyadh_1943.jpg|Deera Square, 1943


## Hụkwa

* ntaramahụhụ ọnwụ na Saudi Arabia

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

*
David Rath

**David Rath** (amụrụ na 25 Disemba 1965) bụ dọkịta Czech, onye bụbu onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị jere ozi dị ka Minista nke Ahụike site na 2005 ruo 2006, na onye omekome a mara ikpe. Ọ bụ onye otu Czech Social Democratic Party (ČSSD) ruo na 16 Mee 2012 mgbe ọ gbara arụkwaghịm mgbe e boro ya ebubo iri ngo.

N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2015, a mara Rath ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ 8.5 maka nrụrụ aka na iji ihe gọọmentị na-azụ. Rath rịọrọ arịrịọ maka mkpebi ikpe ahụ. A jụrụ arịrịọ ahụ na 26 June 2019, mana e belatara ikpe ahụ ruo afọ asaa.

## Ọrụ ahụike
Rath gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Charles dị na Prague n'afọ 1990. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ General Teaching Hospital na Prague (Všeobecná fasní mocnice), wee gaa n'ụlọ akwụkwọ Faculty Hospital na Motol (Fakultní mocnice v Motole). Mgbe ahụ na Kralupy nad Vltavou ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka Association Sameria.  Ọ laghachiri Prague wee sonye na ngalaba ngalaba na-ahụ maka ọgwụ n'ime ụlọ na Mahadum Charles na 1995. Site na 1998 ruo 2005 Rath jere ozi dị ka onyeisi oche nke Ụlọ Ndị dọkịta Czech (Česká Lékařská Komora, ma ọ bụ ČLK), otu nche anwụ maka ndị dọkịta Czech  niile.

## Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị
N'afọ 1994, Rath sonyeere Civic Democratic Party (ODS). N'afọ 1995, o guzobere Medical Action Group (ma ọ bụ Physician's Union Club) n'ime pati ahụ, nke wetara nkwado ego dị ukwuu n'oge ntuli aka nke afọ 1998. Dị ka onye nduzi nke Physician's Union Club Rath malitere ọgbaghara dọkịta na Nọvemba 1996. N'afọ 1996 ọ bụ osote onye isi oche nke Free Democrats - Liberal National Socialist Party coalition (SD-LSNS).

Na Nọvemba 2005, Praịm Minista n'oge ahụ, Jiří Paroubek, họpụtara ya onye minista ahụike.  A gwara ya ka o dozie ego nke usoro ahụ ike Czech nwere nsogbu, ọ malitekwara ịmalite ọtụtụ mgbanwe dị egwu.

N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2006, Rath mere akụkọ mba ụwa mgbe ya na onye bụbu osote praịm minista Miroslav Macek gbara aka na nzukọ ndị dọkịta ezé mgbe a kọrọ na Macek lụrụ nwunye ya maka ego ya. E mechara kwụọ Macek ụgwọ maka ịmalite ime ihe ike ahụ site n'ịkụ Rath aka n'azụ isi tupu ya ekwuo okwu na nnọkọ ahụ.

Na Septemba 2006, Tomáš Julínek nọchiri Rath dị ka onye minista ahụike maka Czech Republic.[1]  Mgbe ahụ, a họpụtara Rath onyeisi oche nke Kọmitii Ahụ Ike nke Czech Chamber of Deputies (ụlọ dị  ala). 

## Ebubo nrụrụ aka na nkwenye
N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2012, e jidere ya ma boo ya ebubo ịnata iri ngo. N'oge ahụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Onye omeiwu nke Czech Republic na Gọvanọ nke Central Bohemian Region. 

N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2015, a mara ya ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ asatọ na ọkara. Onye ọka iwu Rath rịọrọ arịrịọ maka mkpebi ikpe ahụ. A jụrụ arịrịọ ahụ na June 2019, mana e belatara ikpe ahụ ruo afọ asaa. Ebubo na ikpe iri ngo nke abụọ ka na-echere.

## Edensibia

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Michael Braungart

Michael Braungart (amụrụ 1958) bụ onye German chemist nke na-akwado na ụmụ mmadụ nwere ike ime ihe dị mma kama mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na-adịghị mma site n'ịhazigharị mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ya mere na nkwụsịtụ abụghị ihe efu.Onye bụbu onye na-akwado Greenpeace nke bibu n'osisi dị ka mkpesa, a na-ewere ya ugbu a dị ka onye na-eche echiche gburugburu ebe obibi. 

Onye guzobere EPEA International Umweltforschung GmbH na Hamburg, Germany, na onye guzobere MBDC McDonough Braungart Design Chemistry na Charlottesville, Virginia, Dr. Braungart bụ prọfesọ ugbu a maka Eco-Design na Mahadum Leuphana nke Lüneburg . 

Ọ na-ejide oche Cradle-to-Cradle na Mahadum Erasmus Rotterdam, Netherlands.

## Ọrụ
Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Process Engineering na Darmstadt, Germany, Braungart gara n'ihu nyochaa usoro kemịkal nke usoro mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ na Ngalaba Chemistry na Konstanz, Germany. O mechara duzie nguzobe nke ngalaba Chemistry nke Greenpeace International. Ka ọ na-erule oge ọ gụsịrị Ph.D. ya na kemịkalụ na Mahadum nke Hannover na 1985, ọ ghọrọ onye ndu nke Greenpeace Chemistry.

Na 1987, Braungart tọrọ ntọala EPEA Umweltforschung na Hamburg.  N'ime obi EPEA bụ Cradle to Cradle Design, iji mepụta ngwaahịa gbadoro ụkwụ na akụ na ụba okirikiri nke ndụ.

Na mgbakwunye na ihe ọ rụzuru na EPEA, Braungart na-ejekwa ozi dị ka onye njikwa sayensị nke Hamburg Environmental Institute, ụlọ ọrụ nyocha na-enweghị uru nke na-emepụta "Top 50 Study". Nnyocha a na-ahọrọ ogo nke mmepụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke ụlọ ọrụ n'ime ụlọ ọrụ kemịkal. Ọ malitere nyocha nke ndị ọkà mmụta na nke sayensị banyere mmetụta ọjọọ gburugburu ebe obibi na nke ahụike nke ngwaahịa ndị na-emepụta ihe.

Braungart na-arụkọkwa ọrụ ọnụ na onye America na-ese ihe na onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ William A. McDonough na ụlọ ọrụ mmepe ngwaahịa ha, McDonough Braungart Design Chemistry.Na mmekorita ya na McDonough, Braungart wepụtara akwụkwọ Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things na 2002.

## Akwụkwọ

* McDonough, William; Michael Braungart. Ụkpụrụ nke imewe nke Hannover: imewe maka nkwado (PDF). . E debere ya na nke mbụ (PDF) na 2009-02-03. E nwetara ya na 2009-05-23. E jere ozi dị ka ntuziaka mmepe maka World's Fair na Hannover, 2000.
* 
* The *Upcycle*, na William McDonough, North Point Press, 2013,   

## Hụkwa

* William McDonough
* Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi

## Edensibia


## Njikọ mpụga

* The Next Industrial Revolution, ihe nkiri banyere William McDonough na Michael Braungart
* Dust to Dust no longer [link na-adịgide adịgide] ajụjụ ọnụ na Michael Braungart, na Science & Theology News site na Chhavi Sachdev 
* Braungart.com
* Royal Institute of British Architecture: William McDonough & Michael Braungart: Cradle to Cradle (video) 
* Cradle to Cradle Design: A Deeper Shade of Green Watch maka ngwaahịa ndị na-ezute ụkpụrụ ọhụrụ a siri ike Amanda Kimble Mother Earth News Feb./March 2011
* "A Friendly Tsunami", ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Michael Braungart na Digital Development Debates, July 2015.
Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Carmen Pujals

**Carmen Pujals** (January 13, 1916 - Ọktoba 24, 2003) bụ onye ọka mmụta ihe ọkụkụ nke Argentine. A mụrụ ya na Buenos Aires, Argentina wee kwaga Barcelona mgbe ọ dị afọ ise. Pujals malitere ịmụ bayoloji na Mahadum Barcelona na 1935, ma n'oge na-adịghị anya, nna ya kwagara ezinụlọ ya na Buenos Aires na-atụ egwu mmalite nke Agha Obodo. Na 1936 ọ gara n'ihu na-agụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Buenos Aires wee nweta akara ugo mmụta na Natural Sciences..
## Ọrụ
N'afọ 1947, Pujals malitere ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nchọpụta na ụlọ nyocha nke physicology nke mmiri na Bernardino Rivadavia Natural Sciences Museum ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ afọ 52. "Carmen Pujals (1916-2003)". *Bulletin of the Botanical Society Argentina*. **40**: 1–2. 2005. ISSN&nbsp;1851-2372.

Pujals so n'ìgwè ụmụ nwanyị sayensị anọ si Argentina gaa Antarctica na Nọvemba 1968. Ya, ya na onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị dị ndụ n'oké osimiri Irene Bernasconi, onye na-amụ banyere microbiology Maria Adela Caria na onye na na-ahụ Maka ihe ndị dị n'oké mmiri Elena Martinez Fontes, bụ ụmụ nwanyị mbụ si Argentina gaa na kọntinent ahụ. N'oge ọ nọrọ, ọ mụrụ ihe ọkụkụ ndị dị n'akụkụ Palmer Archipelago ma chịkọta algae mmiri Antarctic nke echekwara na Bernardino Rivadavia Natural Sciences Museum. O mere njem nke abụọ na Antarctica na 1971. N'afọ 1971, Pujals nọrọ otu ọnwa na-anakọta ihe ndị dị n'oké osimiri na Falkland Islands na arịrịọ nke British Embassy. 

N'oge ọrụ ya, Pujals kọwara ụdị abụọ ọhụrụ *[[Medeolthamnion]]* na *[[Camontagne]]*. "Carmen Pujals (1916-2003)". *Bulletin of the Botanical Society Argentina*. **40**: 1–2. 2005. ISSN&nbsp;1851-2372.

 

## Edemsibia
Julie England

**Julie Spicer England** (amụrụ na Nọvemba 12, 1957) bụ onye guru chemical engineer na American nakwa onye isi azụmaahịa, onye jere ozi dị ka osote onye isi oche nke Texas Instruments Incorporated . 

A mụrụ ya na Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin, England nwetara BA ya na Chemical Engineering na afọ 1979 ma mesịa MBA ya, ha abụọ sitere na Texas Tech University. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ malitere ọrụ ndụ ya niile na Texas Instruments Incorporated. N'afọ 1998, a kpọbatara ya na Women in Technology International Hall of Fame (WITI),  na afọ 2004 e nyere ya Henry Laurence Gantt Medal. 

## Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ

* England, Julie Spicer, "Applications of Automated Test and Novel, Small Sample Size Statistics in FPA Production," maka ngosi na IRIS Specialty Group na IR Detectors, Aug. 13-16. IRIS Specialty Group on Infrared Detectors, Ọgọst 12-16. na: *Texas Instruments Technical Journal.* Mpịakọta nke 8. 1991. peeji nke 148&nbsp;

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* WITI - Ụmụ nwanyị na Ụlọ Nzukọ nke Aha - Julie Spicer England
* Julie Spicer England - Onye Injinia A Ma Ama Citations na ttu.edu

* nJulie England Art - Onye na-ese ihe na mmanụ
Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Nabil Adib

**''Nabil Adib'' Abdalla**  (na-emekarị: Nabil Adip  ) bụ onye ọka iwu na-ahụ maka Ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na mba  Sudan nke a họpụtara n'ubochi ịrị abụọ n'onwa Ọktoba n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na ịrị itoolu dị ka onye isi nke Kọmitii nyocha nke ogbugbu ubochi atọ n'onwa Juun Khartoum nke mere n'oge mgbanwe Sudan. 

## Oge Omar al-Bashir
Adib nyere nkwado iwu maka ọtụtụ ndị a tara ahụhụ ma tụọ mkpọrọ n'ime afọ ịrị atọ nke ọchịchị Omar al-Bashir nke Sudan. 

Ka ọ na-erule Mee n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na ịrị isii, Adib duziri otu ndị na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ a na-akpọ Sudan Human Rights Monitor . 

Na ụbọchị ise n'onwa Mee afọ pụkụ abụọ na ịrị na ịsii, ọtụtụ izu mgbe ụmụ akwụkwọ mere ngagharị iwe na ogige nke Mahadum Khartoum iji chebe ikike ha ịmepụta otu ụmụ akwụkwọ, ndị ọrụ National Intelligence and Security Service wakporo ọfịs Adib n'enweghị akwụkwọ ikike ijide. Ha wakporo ndị ọrụ abụọ, weghara faịlụ iwu na laptọọpụ Adib, ma jide ụmụ akwụkwọ iri, ndị ọka iwu abụọ, na ndị ọrụ abụọ.

## Mgbanwe nke Sudan
N'ihe dị ka Mee n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na ịrị na itọọlu, Adib kọwara ọnwa anọ mbụ nke Sudanese Revolution dị ka "n'ezie ihe ịtụnanya". O kwuru, "O were ọnwa anọ, ọ bụ ezie na ọchịchị ahụ chere ya ihu na ime ihe ike, ndị na-eto eto nọgidere na-ekwusi ike iji mee ka ọ daa".

Adib kwupụtara obi ike ya na Nkwupụta Iwu nke ọnwa Ọgọstụ pụkụ abụọ na ịrị na itọọlu kwesịrị ekwesị maka ebumnuche bara uru nke oge mgbanwe ọnwa ịrị atọ na itoolu a haziri maka ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya. O siri ọnwụ na akwụkwọ ahụ enweghị ọnọdụ nke iwu doro anya. O kwuru maka mgbanwe iwu nke etinyere na Mgbanwe Ọktoba Pụkụ na narị itoolu na ịrị isii na anọ na Mgbanwe Sudan nke pụkụ na narị itoolu na ịrị asatọ na isii. 

### Onye isi nchọpụta nke Khartoum
N'abalị iri abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na ịrị na itọọlu, a họpụtara Adib ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nke Kọmitii nyocha nke ogbugbu Khartoum nke mere n'oge mgbanwe Sudan. E nyere iwu ka e mepụta kọmitii ahụ n'okpuru Nkeji edemede asaa.  (ịrị na isii) nke ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na ịrị na itọọlu nke akwụkwọ usoro iwu nkwuputa, iji kpuchie "mmadụ mebiri iwu n'ubochi atọ n'onwa Juun n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na ịrị na itọọlu, na ihe omume na ihe omume ebe e mebiri ikike na ùgwù nke ụmụ amaala na ndị agha. "

## Ihe ndị e si ele ya anya
Adib kwuru na ịkpa ókè megide Ndị Kraịst na Sudan bụ nkwenye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, nke mba Arab metụtara, na mba kwesịrị inwe otu njirimara. O kwuru na ịkpa ókè iwu maka Islam siri ike kemgbe afọ pụkụ na narị itoolu na ịrị na ise na mba Sudan, na-eduga na nkewa nke South Sudan n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na ịrị na otụ. Adib kwuru na mba Sudan nwere oke okpukpe dị iche iche nakwa na "ọ dịghị ndị ọzọ na-anabata karịa ndị Alakụba Sudan".

## Edemsibịa

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Naukar Biwi Ka

***Naukar Biwi Ka bụ ihe nkiri ihe nkiri ịhụnanya ịhụnanya nke Hindi na 1983, emegharịrị ihe nkiri Pakistan Punjabi Naukar Wohti Da (1974).  Ihe nkiri a bụ Dharmendra, Reena Roy, Raj Babbar, Anita Raj, Kader Khan, Pran na Om Prakash.  Rajkumar Kohli duziri ya.***

## Atụmatụ
Inspector Amar Nath jidere ma jide onye omekome a ma ama nke na-eji aha dị iche iche (Deshbandhu Jagannath, Pinto, Abdul Karim), ma mee ka a maa ya ikpe ịga mkpọrọ ọtụtụ afọ.

Amar, onye si n'ezinụlọ bara ọgaranya, mara nna ya, Jagirdar Bishamber Nath, aka ma lụọ nwanyị dara ogbenye, Sheela Sharma (Neeta Mehta). A gwara ya ka ọ hapụ ụlọ ezinụlọ ya. Amar na Sheela biri n'ebe ọzọ ma n'oge na-adịghị anya mụrụ nwa nwanyị, Jyoti.  Ha na nne na nna nke Deepak Kumar na-eto eto na-ezute ma hazie nwa ha nwanyị na Deepak.  Pinto si n'ụlọ mkpọrọ gbapụ, chụọ Amar na Sheela ma gbuo ha.

Onye ọrụ na-eguzosi ike n'ihe na onye ọkwọ ụgbọala, Abdul, zọpụtara ndụ Jyoti. Ọ kpọgara ya na nna nna ya, onye nabatara ya, na-akwa ụta maka omume mbụ ya n'ebe naanị nwa ya nwoke nọ. Afọ ole na ole ka e mesịrị, Deepak na Jyoti etolitela. Mgbe Jyoti ka na nna nna ya bara ọgaranya bi, nna Deepak anwụọla, na-ahapụ Deepak na nne ya n'enweghị ihe ọ bụla. Mgbe nne Deepak gbalịrị imecha alụmdi na nwunye Jyoti na nwa ya nwoke, Jyoti wedara ya ala.  Nke a na-ewe Deepak iwe.  Ọ na-aga ịlụso Jyoti ọgụ wee kwụsị ịlụ ọgụ na enyi nwoke Jyoti, Anand.  Na nloghachi, Jyoti mara Deepak ụra.  Deepak kwere nkwa ime ka ọ rịọ nne ya mgbaghara maka omume ya ma gbanwee àgwà ya n'ebe ọ nọ na alụmdi na nwunye ha.  N'ime ntụgharị nke akara aka, Jyoti ga-achọ enyemaka Deepak iji mee ka nna nna ya dị jụụ ka o kweta n'alụmdi na nwunye ya na Anand.

N'akụkụ ọzọ nke akụkọ ahụ, onye na-eme ihe nkiri Sandhya zutere Deepak ma nwee mmasị n'ebe ọ nọ. Jyoti mechara na-enwere ya anyaụfụ maka ọbụbụenyi Deepak na Sandhya ma kweta na ya nwere mmetụta maka Deepak.

## Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri
 

## Akara ụda
Okwu: Anjaan (onye na-ede abụ)  

## Njikọ mpụga

* 

## Edensibia
Darren Thurston

**Darren Todd Thurston (amụrụ c. 1970) bụbu onye Canada na-akwado ikike anụmanụ.**

N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2006, Thurston kwupụtara na ikpe mara ya maka nkata mpụ na ebubo ọkụ gbara ọkụ nke mere site na 1996 ruo 2001 na Oregon na steeti anọ ndị ọzọ dị na United States, nke a na-azọrọ n'aha Earth Liberation Front (ELF) na Animal Liberation Front, Ndị FBI nwụchiri Thurston na mmadụ 10 ndị ọzọ so n'otu ikike anụmanụ na ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi nke ndị FBI na ndị mgbasa ozi kpọrọ “Ezinụlọ” [10] Emere njide ndị a dịka akụkụ nke Operation Backfire FBI. 

A mara Thurston ikpe na Mee 2007 ka ọ nọrọ ọnwa 37 n'ụlọ mkpọrọ iji gbanwere nkwado ya na nyocha ahụ.

## Ebubo na nkwenye
Na 1992, a mara Thurston ikpe maka akụkụ nke ya na mmemme nnwere onwe anụ ọhịa na ụlọ nyocha nke Mahadum Alberta na ịtọhapụ nwamba 29 maka nnwale ahụike.  Maka omume a na omume mbụ ọzọ, ọ jere ozi afọ 2+1⁄2 n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Canada wee hapụ ya na 1994.

N'afọ 1998, e boro Thurston ebubo ya na onye bụbu ọnụ na-ekwuchitere ALF David Barbarash gbasara ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ozi na-eyi egwu nke ejiri mma agụba gbachie ma ziga ya na ndị na-ahụ maka ịchụ nta n'ofe British Columbia. Na ngwụcha afọ 2000, ndị Crown kwụsịrị ebubo megide Thurston mgbe ndị Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) jụrụ ịhapụ ụfọdụ ndekọ.

Na Disemba 7, 2005, e jidere Thurston na Portland, Oregon, na ụlọ ọrụ Chelsea Gerlach. Ọ bụ ezie na a gwara ya na mbụ na ọ ga-enweta nchụpụ ngwa ngwa, e mechara boo ya ebubo n'okwu metụtara mmadụ iri na isii a na-ebo ebubo na ha sonyere na 17 Earth Liberation Front, Animal Liberation Front na ihe ndị ọzọ a na-akpọghị aha nke mere n'etiti afọ 1996 na 2001. Njide ndị a mere dị ka akụkụ nke Federal Bureau of Investigation's Operation Backfire, nke a na-akpọ n'etiti ndị na-eme ihe ike dị ka akụkụ dị ka ihe na-aga n'ihu nke a maara dị ka Green Scare.

Thurston na-eche ebubo gọọmentị etiti ise ihu gụnyere ịgba ọkụ na ngwaọrụ ọkụ na nkwekọrịta na mgbakwunye na ebubo gọọmenti etiti abụọ maka inwe njirimara aghụghọ. Na 2007, a mara Thurston ikpe ọnwa 37 nke mkpọrọ maka ọrụ ya na mbuso agha nke Bureau of Land Management corral na Litchtfield, California. E nyere ya BOP # 69110-065 ma jee ozi ya na FCI Sheridan.  Mgbe a tọhapụsịrị ya, a chụgara ya Canada.

## Hụkwa

* Animal Liberation Front Supporters Group (ALFSG) 
* N'azụ Mask (ihe nkiri 2006) 
* Earth Liberation Prisoner Support Network (ELPSN) 
* Iyi Ọgbaghara Na-eme n'Ebe Ọdịdị
* Ndepụta nke ndị na-akwado ikike ụmụ anụmanụ

## Edensibia

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Barbara Grant

**Barbara Grant** bụ onye  ahịa nke  America. Ọ jere ozi  n'ọtụtụ ọkwa nchịkwa dị elu na IBM ruo afọ 21 gụnyere osote onye isi oche na Onye isi njikwa na ngalaba nchekwa data nke Removable Media Storage Solutions. Ọ na-aga n'ihu na-eje ozi na mmalite na nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na ikike dị iche iche.
## Mmụta
Onye nnata grant nwetara nzere bachelọ nke sayensị na kemịstri na Mahadum Arizona Steeti na Ph.D. N'ime Organic Chemistry na Mahadum Stanford . 

## IBM
Grant rụrụ ọrụ na IBM ruo afọ iri abụọ na otu ebe o nwere ọtụtụ ọkwa ọtụtụ  ndị isi. Ọnọdụ ikpeazụ ya bụ osote onye isi ala na onye isi ihe niile na ngalaba nchekwa Data Storage Division 
## Ekele maka ọrụ
N'ime ọrụ ya, o nyere aka mepụta ma webata ihe karịrị ngwaahịa ọhụrụ 50 ma nweta kike 8. O bipụtara ọtụtụ akwụkwọ na ụdị teknụzụ dị iche iche. N'afọ 1996, a họpụtara ya na otu mmehe nke Women in Technology Hall of Fame . 

## Ndị otu ugbu a

* Njikọ Nkà na Ụzụ Ógbè Sacramento
* Integrated Materials, Inc.
* Agoura Technologies, Inc.
* PlanarMag, Inc.
* Lumetric Lighting, Inc.
* Research Advisory Board - Mahadum California, Davis
* Sacramento Area Technology Region Alliance (SARTA) 

## Nkwado

* 1996 - Induction, Women in Technology International Hall of Fame, Women in Technologie International

## Edensibia

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Siphiwe Hlophe

**Siphiwe Hlophe** bụ onye guzobere Swaziland for Positive Living, otu NGO nke na-enye ndụmọdụ na agụmakwụkwọ, ma na-achọ imeziwanye ọnọdụ ndụ nke ndị na-emetụta ma ọ bụ na-ebute Nje ọrịa obiri na aja ọcha n'ime ime obodo. A kọwawo nzukọ ahụ dị ka "usoro ihe omume kachasị ọhụrụ na nke na-akpali akpali iji belata nje oria obiri na aja ọcha na mba Swaziland". Ọ bụkwa onye isi oche nke Positive Women,  ọrụ ebere dị na mba UK nke Kathryn Llewellyn na Stephen Brown guzobere

N'afọ pụkụ na narị itoolu na ịrị itọọlu na itọọlu, Siphiwe Hlophe na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye njikwa na ụlọ nkwari akụ mgbe ọ nwetara agụmakwụkwọ iji mụọ akụ na ụba ugbo na Mahadum Bradford. Otu ọnọdụ nke agụmakwụkwọ ahụ bụ na ọ gara Nnyocha ọrịa obiri na aja ọcha,  nke mere ka o nwee ọrịa obiri na aja ọcha, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị di ya hapụrụ ya,  ma ọ tụfuru agụmakwụkwọ ya. Nke a gosipụtara ihere nke metụtara ọrịa obiri na aja ọcha na mba Swaziland,  ma kpalie Siphiwe Hlophe ka ọ soro chọta SWAPOL iji nyere ndị ọzọ nọ n'ọnọdụ yiri ya aka.  Siphiwe bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị mbụ kwupụtara n'ihu ọha ọnọdụ ọrịa obiri na aja ọcha ya. "Ọ [SWAPOL] sitere na nhụjuanya anyị bụ ndị guzobere ya. Nke ahụ nwere ike ịbụ ihe mere ndị mmadụ ji zaghachi ihe anyị na-eme, anyị na-enwetakwa ọtụtụ arịrịọ iji nyere obodo aka ebe nje ọrịa obiri na aja ọcha jupụtara. Anyị abụghị otu NGO nke na-arụ ọrụ n'ọfịs mara mma. Anyị bụ ndị maara ihe ọ pụtara ịlụso ịkpa ókè na ịjụ ihu, mana ndị nwere ọchịchọ ibi ndụ", ka Siphiwe Hlophe kwuru.

Siphiwe Hlophe nwere ụmụ anọ, nke okenye dị afọ ịrị atọ na nke nta ịrị na itọọlu.

## Ihe edeturu na ntụaka

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Collette Coullard

**Collette René Coullard** bụ onye America na-eme mgbakọ na mwepụ, onye Injinia ụlọ ọrụ, onye na-eme nchọpụta, na onye na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara Matroid nke a maara maka nyocha ya gbasara nsogbu njikarịcha ngwakọta nke jikọtara ebe ụlọ ọrụ na njikwa ngwaahịa. Onye bụbu prọfesọ na Mahadum Purdue, Mahadum Waterloo, Mahadum Northwestern, na Mahadum Lake Superior State, ọ lara ezumike nká ịghọ prọfesọ emeritus.

## Agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ
Coullard gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'afọ 1980 na Mahadum Lake Superior State,   wee nweta Ph.D. ya n'afọ 1985 na Mahadum Northwestern . Akwụkwọ edemede ya, Minors of 3-Connected Matroids and Adjoints of Binary Matroids, gbasara echiche matroid ma Robert E. Bixby lekọtara ya.

Ọ kụziri na Mahadum Purdue na Mahadim Waterloo  tupu ọ laghachi Northwestern dị ka onye otu ngalaba n'afọ 1990,  wee laa ezumike nká dị ka prọfesọ mgbakọ na mwepụ na Mahadam nke Lake Superior State n'afo 2018. Ọ gakwara Mahadum nke Bonn dị ka Humboldt Fellow . 

## Nkwado
Coullard bụ Charles Deering McCormick Prọfesọ nke ọka mmụta pụrụ iche na nkụzi na Mahadum Northwestern site n'afọ 1996 ruo  n'afọ 1999.  N'afọ 2003, Lake Superior State University Alumni Association nyere ya Kenneth J. Shouldice Achievement Award kwa afọ. 

## Edemsibịa

## Njikọ mpụga

* Collette Coullard mbipụta ndị edepụtara site na Onye Ọkà mmụta Google

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Agnes Bell Collier

**Agnes Bell Collier** (31 Jenụwarị 1860 - 2 Jenụwarụ 1930) bụ onye Britain na-eme mgbakọ na mwepụ bụ onye so na ndị nwanyị mbụ na-eme mgbakọ na mwepụ, nke ya na Cambridge nwere njikọ. 

A mụrụ Collier na Hyde, Cheshire. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ naanị ụmụ nwanyị Ellerslie Ladies' College, Manchester yana Newnham College, Cambridge site na 1880 ruo 1883, na-agafe Mathematical Tripos n'afọ 1883. Ọ bụụrụ onye nkuzi kọleji na mgbakọ na mwepụ site na 1883 ruo 1925 na onye nduzi ọmụmụ 1883-1920. Ọ bụ osote onye isi kọleji 1920-25, na onye mmekọ kọleji site na 1893 ruo 1917.

## Edensibịa

Otú:Ndị mgbakọ na mwepụ Britain
Agata Ciabattoni

**Agata Ciabattoni** bụ onye Itali na-ahụ maka mgbakọ na mwepụ nke na-ahụkarị maka lọjik na-abụghị nke oge ochie. Ọ bụ ọkammụta zuru oke na Institute of Logic and Computation nke Faculty of Informatics  na Mahadum Teknụzụ nke Vienna (TU Wien), na onye so n'isi oche nke Vienna Center for Logic and Algorithms nke TU Wien (VCLA).  

## Agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ
Ciabattoni bụ onye Ripatransone. Ọ gụrụ sayensị kọmputa na Mahadum Bologna,  wee gụchaa nweta nzere Ph.D. ya n'afọ 2000 na Mahadum Milan . Daniele Mundici lekọtara edemede ya, Proof-theory in many-valued logics.

Ọ kwagara Vienna n'afọ 2000 site na nkwado nke EU Marie Curie Fellowship, na n'afọ 2007, ọ nwetara ikike ya na TU Wien .  Ọ nọgidere na-arụkọ ọrụ yana TU Wien, dị ka prọfesọ na ngalaba nke informatics.  Ọ na-ejekwa ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke usoro nkuzi Collegium Logicum maka Kurt Gödel Society.

## Ihe Ntinye ya Ga
Otu n'ime ọrụ Ciabattoni na TU Wien gụnyere iji usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ mee ka arụmụka omume dị na Vedas, òtù ihe odide dị nsọ nke India. 

## Nkwanye Ùgwù
N'afọ 2011, Ciabattoni ritere ihe nrite Start-Preis nke Austrian Science Fund, naanị nwanyị ritere ihe nrite ahụ n'afọ ahụ.

## Edensibịa

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe obibi
* Agata Ciabattonimbipụta ndị edepụtara site naOnye Ọkà mmụta Google
Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Hanan Mohamed Abdelrahman

**Hanan Mohamed Abdelrahman** bụ onye Egypt-Norway na-akụzi mgbakọ na mwepụ, onye nwetara ihe nrite Holmboe Prize na 2017   

## Ndụ na ọrụ
Hanan Mohamed Abdelrahman bụ onye Ijipt, ebe nna ya bụụrụ onye njinia, nne ya bụrụ onye ọrụ ụlọakụ. Ya na di ya bụ onye si mba Sudan bịara mba Norway, n'afọ 2002.  O nwetara nzere Masta ya na mgbakọ na mwepụ na ngalaba agụmakwụkwọ, ma bụrụ onye nkụzi na Lofsrud Skole, ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị nọ nso Oslo.

## Ihe Ntinye ya Ga
Ụlọ akwụkwọ Abdelrahman nwere ọtụtụ ụmụ akwụkwọ si mba ọzọ bịa ndị nwere ntọala dị iche iche. Abdelrahman na-enye ha egwuregwu mgbakọ na mwepụ, egwuregwu mgbagwoju anya, vidiyo yana ọrụ ọdịnala nke mgbakọ na mwepụ. Echiche ya bụ na site n'ilebara ụmụ akwụkwọ ya niile anya n'ọrụ n'otu na ha  kwesịrị inwe ike ịmụta mgbakọ na mwepụ,  nakwa na ha niile kwesịrị ịbụ ndị a Na-Enye ihe ịma aka n'otu ụdị. 

}}

Abdelrahman bụ onye dere akwụkwọ dị n'asụsụ Norway, *Mattehjelperen - Leksehjelp for foreldre og elever på ungdomsskolen* nke e mere iji mee ka ndị nne na nna na-enyere ụmụ akwụkwọ aka na mgbakọ na mwepụ, na onye guzobere ebe nrụọrụ weebụ n'ịntanetị maka inyere ụmụ akwụkwọ aka na mgbakọ na mwepụ. 
 Ọ bụkwa onye òtù kọmitii mba iji nyochaa mmetụta nke ọdịiche dị na nwoke na nwanyị na nsonaazụ ụlọ akwụkwọ. 

## Ihe nrite
Ihe nrite Holmboe, nke Abdelrahman ritere n'afọ 2017,  bụ ihe nrite kwa afọ maka ndị nkuzi mgbakọ na mwepụ kachasị elu na ọkwa ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị na sekọndrị na mba Norway, nke Kansụl mgbakọ na mwepụ mba Norway na-enye. A na-enye ya n'aka n'aka yana ihe nrite Abel, nke onye ritere ya n'afọ 2017 bụ Yves Meyer. A kpọkwasịrị ihe nrite Holmboe Prize aha onye nkuzi mgbakọ na mwepụ nke mba Norway bụ Bernt Michael Holmboe, onye nkuzi nke Niels Henrik Abel. .mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}
Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Coralia Cartis

**Coralia Cartis** bụ onye Romania na-eme mgbakọ na mwepụ na Mahadum Oxford onye nchọpụta ya gụnyere sensing abiakọrọ ọnu, nyocha ọnụọgụ, na usoro nhazi na njikarịcha mgbakọ na mwepụta. Na Oxford, ọ bụ Prọfesọ na Numerical Optimization na Mathematical Institute, na onye nkuzi nke Balliol College.

## Agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ
A mụrụ ya na Cluj-Napoca, Romania,  Cartis nwetara nzere bachelọ na mgbakọ na mwepụ na Mahadum Babeș-Bolyai,  wee mechaa PhD ya n'afọ 2005 na Mahadum Cambridge . Michael J. D. Powell lekọtara akwụkwọ edemede ya, On Interior Point Methods for Linear Programming.  N'otu afọ ahụ, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị mmeri onye nke abụọ nke Leslie Fox Prize for Numerical Analysis.

Mgbe ọ rụchara ọrụ dị ka onye nchọpụta na Rutherford Appleton Laboratory na onye nchọpụta postdoctoral na Oxford, ọ ghọrọ onye nkuzi na Mahadum Edinburgh n'afọ 2007.  Ọ nwetara ọnọdụ ya ugbu a na Oxford n'afọ 2013.

N'afọ 2018 ọ ghọrọ onye otu sayensị nke Smith Institute for Industrial Mathematics and System Engineering,  ma bụrụkwa ọkà okwu zuru oke na 16th EUROPT Workshop on Advances in Continuous Optimization na mba Spain. 

A họpụtara Cartis na klas nke 2023 nke SIAM Fellows. 

## Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ

* 
* 
* 

## Edemsibịa

## Njikọ mpụga

* Coralia Cartis mbipụta ndị edepụtara site na Onye Ọkà mmụta Google

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Alina Carmen Cojocaru

**Alina Carmen Cojocaru** (Romanian pronunciation: [aˈlina ˈkarmen koʒoˈkaru]) bụ onye Romania na-eme mgbakọ na mwepụ nke a maara maka ọrụ na nkuzi ọnụ ọgụgụ ma mara ya maka nyocha ya na elliptic curves, arithmetic geometry, na nkuzi sieve. Ọ bụ prọfesọ na mgbakọ na mwepụ na Mahadum Illinois na Chicago nakwa onye nnyocha na Institute of Mathematics nke Romanian Academy . 

Cojocaru nwetara nzere Ph.D. ya na Mahadum Queen's dị na Kingston, Ontarion'afọ 2002. M. Ram Murty na Ernst Kani jikọrọ aka lekọta edemede ya bụ Cyclicity of Elliptic Curves Modulo p.

A họpụtara Cojocaru ka ọ bụrụ onye òtùKansụl American Mathematical Society (AMS)  n'òzùzù site na Febụwarị 1, 2023, ruo Jenụwarị 31, 2024.

## Akwụkwọ Ndị Ọ Degasịrị
Cojocaru bụ onye dere akwụkwọ a:

* Nkwupụta maka usoro Sieve na ngwa ha (ya na M. Ram Murty, London Mathematical Society Student Texts 66, Cambridge University Press, 2006). 

Ọ bụkwa onye ndezi nke

* Ụmụ nwanyị na Ọnụ Ọgụgụ: Nchịkọta Nnyocha na Nkọwa Ọnụ Ọgụ (ya na Kristin Lauter, Rachel Justine Pries, na Renate Scheidler, Fields Institute Communications 60, American Mathematical Society, 2011).
* Ọkà mmụta: Ememe Sayensị na-eme ka Open Lines of Arithmetic Research pụta ìhè: Nzukọ na nsọpụrụ nke M. Ram Murty's Mathematical Legacy on His 60th Birthday (ya na C. David na F. Pappalardi, Contemporary Mathematics 655, American Mathematiical Society, 2016) 

## Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara a họọrọ

* Cojocaru, Alina Carmen; Murty, M. Ram (2004), "Cyclicity of elliptic curves modulo and ellipticcurve analogues of Linnik's problem". *mgbakọ na mwepụ. Ann* 330, Nke 3, 601-625. MR 2099195.
* Cojocaru, Alina Carmen (2005), "Na surjectivity nke nnọchite anya Galois jikọtara na curves elliptic na-abụghị CM. Na mgbakwunye nke Ernst Kani". *Canada mgbakọ na mwepụ. Ehi* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] MR 2118760.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Nchọpụta dị n'otu maka Serre's theorem maka elliptic curves". *[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] mgbakọ na mwepụ. Res. Ọ bụghị.* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] MR 2189500

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## Njikọ mpụga

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