open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Lilangeni

thumb|Lilangeni
**Lilangeni** (n'ọtụtụ: **emalangeni**, koodu ISO 4217: *SZL*) bụ ego nke obodo Eswatini ma kewaa ya na narị cents. Ọ bụ Central Bank of Eswatini (na Swazi *Umntsholi Wemaswati*) na-ewepụta ya ma bụrụ nke eze na ezinụlọ ya nyere ikike. A na-anabatakwa rand South Africa na Eswatini. Dị ka Lesotho loti, e nwere otu na ọtụtụ *mkpirisi*, ya bụ L na E, yabụ ebe mmadụ nwere ike ịnwe ego L1, ọ ga-abụ E2, E3, ma ọ bụ E4.

E webatara ya na afọ 1974 na rand South Africa site na Common Monetary Area, nke ọ ka na-ejikọta ya na ọnụego mgbanwe otu.

Aha ego ahụ sitere na *emaLangeni*, okwu a na-eji akọwa ndị nna nna nke ndị Swazi kwagara Swaziland na narị afọ nke iri na asatọ na iri na iteghete.

Aha ego ahụ sitere na *emaLangeni* ("ndị si n'Anyanwụ"), okwu a na-eji akọwa ndị nna nna nke ndị Swazi kwagara Swaziland na narị afọ nke iri na asatọ na iri na iteghete.

N'afọ 1974, e webatara mkpụrụ ego maka 1

Otụ, abụọ, ise, iri,  na ịrị ise cents na 1 lilangeni, na 1 na 2 cents e ji ọla nchara kpụọ na ndị ọzọ e ji cupro-nickel kpụọ. Ewezuga 1 lilangeni, mkpụrụ ego ndị ahụ abụghị gburugburu, na 1 na 50 cents dodecagonal, 2 cents square na nkuku gbara gburugburu na ise, iri na iri abụọ cents scalloped.

E mepụtara 2 cents ikpeazụ na afọ 1982, ebe, na afọ 1986, gburugburu, e webatara mkpụrụ ego ọla kọpa 1 cents na nickel-brass 1 lilangeni. Ndị a sochiri, na afọ 1992, site na mkpụrụ ego nickel-plated-steel 5 na 10 cents na nickel-brass-plated -steel 1 lilangeni. N'afọ 1995, e webatara mkpụrụ ego emalangeni 2 na 5.

Site na afọ 2009 ruo afọ 2011 e webatara mkpụrụ ego ọhụrụ na ọla kọpa (5c na 10c), nickel-plated steel (20c, na 50c nke a na-ewepụtaghị na mgbasa) na ọla kọka (L1). Ndị a yiri mkpụrụ ego ndị dị ugbu a mana ha dị mfe n'ihi mgbanwe nke ihe ndị mejupụtara.

N'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2016, e webatara usoro mkpụrụ ego ọhụrụ nke afọ 2015 ma chetara mkpụrụ ego niile gara aga ma mee ka ha ghara ịdị. Mkpụrụ ego ọhụrụ ahụ nwere ụdị yiri nke mkpụrụ ego gara aga, mana ha nwere nha na ịdị arọ dịtụ iche. 10c-50c bụ nke nickel-plated steel na L1-E5 bụ nke aluminium-bronze. 1c-5c mkpụrụ ego anaghịzi eji ya eme ihe.

Mkpụrụ ego nickel-brass L1 nke e dere na afọ 1986 na mkpụrụ ego ọla nchara nke e dere n'afọ 1995 wee ruo afọ 2009 nwere otu nha na ihe mejupụtara dị ka mkpụrụ ego £ 1 nke Britain nke e webatara na afọ 1983, ya mere ejirila ya mee ihe n'ụzọ aghụghọ na igwe na-ere ahịa Britain na ọnụ ahịa L1 na-ebelata site na £ 0.36 na afọ 1986 ruo £ 0.05 na afọ 2015, mgbe a na-eme ka mkpụrụ ego L1 ndị ahụ ghara ịdị.
Ugbo mmanu Benso

Ugbo mmanu Benso bụ ụlọ ọrụ nkwụ mmanụ Ghana na ụlọ ọrụ, dabere na Adum Banso Estate na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ Ghana. Edepụtara ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na Ghana Stock Exchange, akara ya bu (BOPP). E hiwere ya na 1978 wee depụta ya na Ghana Stock Exchange GSE na 2004 ma na-etinye aka na mmepụta na nhazi nke  nkwu mmanụ CPO maka nchacha na ọtụtụ ojiji ụlọ ọrụ.
Benso Oil Palm Plantation Limited bụ ụlọ ọrụ dabere na Ghana na-azụmaahịa nkwụ na-eto eto. Ụlọ  ọrụ ahụ nwere ihe karịrị hectare 5,000 nke nkwụ mmanụ na Ghana. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụ enyemaka nke ndi Wilmar International Limited.

## Edensibia


## Njikọ mpụga

* Benso Oil Palm Plantation na Africaselect
* Ebe a na-akụ nkwụ mmanụ Benso na Alacrastore
Njem nlegharị anya na Tunisia

thumb|Ndị njem nleta na-ele enyí na Ngorongoro Crater.
...Tanzania bụ obodo nwere ọtụtụ ebe nlegharị anya.  Ihe dị ka pasenti 38 nke ala Tanzania ka ewepụrụ iche na mpaghara echedoro maka nchekwa.[1]  Enwere ogige ntụrụndụ mba iri na asaa, [2] ebe nchekwa egwuregwu 29, mpaghara nchekwa 40 a na-achịkwa (gụnyere Mpaghara Nchekwa Ngorongoro) na ogige mmiri.  Tanzania bụkwa ugwu Kilimanjaro, ebe kachasị elu na Africa.

N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2021, e nyela Ministri nke Ihe Ndị Dị n'Otu na Njem nke Tanzania ijeri TSh.90 / = maka afọ ego 2021-2022, akụkụ nke ego IMF maka enyemaka ego mberede iji kwado mbọ Tanzania na-agba iji meghachi omume na ọrịa COVID-19.
thumb|300x300px|Hippos na Lake Manyara National Park n'afọ 2012.
Tanzania nwere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 38% nke ala ya echekwara dị ka ebe echedoro, otu n'ime pasent kachasị elu n'ụwa. Tanzania nwere ogige ntụrụndụ mba iri na isii ma bụrụkwa ebe obibi nke ọtụtụ anụmanụ dị iche iche. N'etiti nnukwu anụ na-enye nwa ara gụnyere Big five, cheetahs, wildebeest, giraffes, hippopotamuses na antelopes dị iche iche. Ihe ndị a ma ama na-adọrọ mmasị anụ ọhịa na Tanzania dị n'akụkụ ugwu nke mba ahụ ma gụnyere Serengeti National Park, Tarangire National Park na Lake Manyara National Park. Ogige ntụrụndụ Serengeti na-agụnye nnukwu njem anụmanụ a ma ama n'ụwa. Ogige Ntụrụndụ Serengeti bụ ogige ntụrụndụ kachasị ewu ewu na mba ahụ ma nwee ohere ịnabata ihe karịrị ndị ọbịa 330,000 na 2012.
thumb|300x300px|Ihe a na-ahụ n'elu Ugwu Kilimanjaro n'afọ 2009.
A makwaara dị ka elu nke Africa, Ugwu Kilimanjaro bụ ebe UNESCO World Heritage na ugwu kachasị elu n'Africa. Ugwu ahụ (nke bụzi ugwu na-agbọpụta ọkụ) na-ebili ihe dịka mita 4,877 (16,001 ft) site na ala ya ruo mita 5,895 (19,341 ft) n'elu oke osimiri. Ugwu ahụ dị n'ebe ugwu nke mba ahụ n'ókè ya na Kenya n'obodo Moshi ma nwee ike ịnweta ya site na ọdụ ụgbọ elu Kilimanjaro. Ọdụ ụgbọ elu ahụ na-enyekwa ọnụ ụzọ maka ndị njem nleta na mpaghara safari niile dị n'ebe ugwu. Ugwu ahụ bụ akụkụ nke Ogige Ntụrụndụ Kilimanjaro ma bụrụ ogige ntụrụndụ nke abụọ kachasị ewu ewu na mba ahụ na ihe dịka ndị ọbịa 20,000 na-aga ugwu ahụ kwa afọ. Ugwu ahụ bụ otu n'ime ugwu kachasị elu n'ụwa ma nwee ọganihu nke ihe dị ka 65%. 
[thumb|300x300px|Iwu visa nke [Tanzania]]

## Hụkwa

* Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Dị Ndụ na Njem
* Iwu visa nke Tanzania

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

; Ministrị na ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị

* Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Dị Ndụ na Njem
* Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority
* Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Njem na Tanzania
* Ihe Omenala Njem Tanzania
* Ogige Ntụrụndụ Mba Tanzania
* Tanzania Safari
Mmanụ na Gas Vegas

Vegas Oil and Gas S.A. bụ ụlọ ọrụ dị na Obodo Egypt na-elekwasị anya na nchọpụta mmanụ na nchọpụta gas.  Isi ụlọ ọrụ ya dị na Obodo  Athens, mana ọ na-arụ ọrụ site na mpaghara Cairo nke di na Maadi.

Vegas bụ nke ezinaụlọ Vardinogiannis.

## Ihe omume
Vegas bụkwa nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ E&P nwere akụ na obodo USA, Ijipt na Yemen.

Ọ bụ 50 pacenti onye na-ekere òkè na onye na-arụ ọrụ nke NW Gemsa concession, Circle Oil nwere 40 pacenti mmasị na Sea Dragon Energy nwere 10 pacenti fọdụrụnụ. Mmepụta mmanụ sitere na NW Gemsa concession ruru 9,000  /  (1,400 m3/d).  Gas niile a na-emepụta ugbu a n'ọhịa na-agbawa, n'ihi obere akụ na ụba, obere.

Vegas bụ onye nwere 35 pacenti na Alam El Shawish West concession, na Shell Ijipt (onye ọrụ, 40 pacenti), GDF Suez 25 pacenti.

Ọ bụ onye na-arụ ọrụ na 50 pacenti onye nwere òkè nke East Ghazalat concession (Western Desert), na TransGlobe Energy Corporation na-ejide 50 pacenti fọdụrụnụ.

## Akụkọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya
N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ no’ afọ 2013, Vegas kwupụtara na ọ chọtara mmanụ, gas na condensate na Obido Ijipt.

## Hụkwazi
 

* Ike n'Ijipt

## Edensibia
Togolese franc

**Franki** bụ ego nke Togo. N'agbata afọ N’agbata afọ 1924 na 1956, e wepụtara mkpụrụ ego a ga-eji na Togo. Kemgbe 1945, Togo na-eji franc West African CFA.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
N'agbata afọ 1884 na 1914, akara Germany bụ ego nke Togo dịka Germany bụ ike ọchịchị. N'afọ 1914, ndị agha Britain na France weghaara Togo. E kewara Togo n'ime mpaghara abụọ nke Njikọ Mba, ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, akụkụ Britain nabatara pound British West Africa ma mesịa bụrụ akụkụ nke Ghana. N'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, n'ókèala France, a nabatara franc French, gbakwunyere na 1924 site na mkpụrụ ego e wepụtara n'aha Mandate Territory of Togo. A na-emepụta mkpụrụ ego ndị a ruo n'oge ruo n'afọ 1956 ma na-ekesa ya na franc CFA site na 1945. Ọ dịghị mkpụrụ ego a na-ekesa kpọmkwem na Togo kemgbe 1956, ọ bụ ezie na mkpụrụ ego 1957 nke French West Africa nwekwara aha Togo.

## Mkpụrụ ego
N'afọ 1924, e webatara aluminium-bronze 50 centimes, franc 1 na 2, bụ́ nke e dekwasịrị aha franc ọzọ na 1925 na centimes 50 ahụ kụrụ afọ n'ala ruo 1926. N'afọ 1948, e wepụtara mkpụrụ ego aluminom 1 na franc 2, bụ́ nke a na-emepụtakwa aluminium-bronze. franc na 1956.
 

* Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba nke Togo

## Ihe odide
Tanzanian shilling

Shilling (Swahili: **shilingi**; mkpirisi: **TSh**; koodu: **TZS**) bụ ego nke Tanzania. A na-ekewa ya na narị *cents* (senti na Swahili).
Shilling nke Tanzania nọchiri shilling nke East Africa na ubochi 14 ọnwa June n'afọ 1966 na par.

A na-ede ọnụahịa na shilling Tanzania n'ụdị x / y, ebe x bụ ego dị n'elu 1 shilling, ebe y bụ ego dị na cents. Ihe ịrịba ama hà nhata ma ọ bụ akara na-anọchite anya ọnụ ọgụgụ efu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-ede  cents dị ka "-/50" na narị shilling dị ka "100/=" ma ọ bụ "100/-". Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-ebu ụzọ tinye mkpirisi *TSh* maka ọdịiche. Ọ bụrụ na edere ego ahụ site na iji okwu na nọmba, a na-eji naanị prefix (dịka. TSh nde iri).

A na-eṅomi usoro a na akara nke sterling, nke a na-ede ego na ngwakọta ụfọdụ nke pound (£), shillings (s), na pence (d, maka denarius).  N'ime akara ahụ, a na-ede ego dị n'okpuru otu pound naanị na shilling na pence.

N'afọ 1966, e webatara mkpụrụ ego na -/5, -/10, -/20 na -/50 na 1/=, na -/5 na-acha nchara nchara, -/10 na nickel-brass (copper-nickel-zinc) na -/50 da 1/= na cupro-nickèl. E webatara mkpụrụ ego Cupro-nickel 5/= n'afọ 1972, nke scalloped, nickel-brass -/10 sochiri n'afọ 1977. Mkpụrụ ego nke mbụ a, nke a na-ekesa site na afọ 1966 wee ruo afọ 1984, bụ nke Christopher Ironside OBE mepụtara.

N'afọ 1987, ígwè nickel-plated dochie cupro-nickel na -/50 na 1/=, na cupro-nackel 5/= na 10/= mkpụrụ ego, na 5/= decagonal na ọdịdị. N'afọ 1990, e webatara mkpụrụ ego nickel-clad-steel ise/=, iri/= na ịrị abụọ/=, na-esote mkpụrụ ego ọla nchara maka narị/= na afọ 1993, 50/= na afọ 1996 na ọla kọpa-nickel-zinc 200/= na  afọ 1998.
Tourism na Tunisia

thumb|Sidi Bou Saïd, isi njem nlegharị anya
**Njem nleta na Tunisia** bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ihe dị ka nde mmadụ 9.4 kwa afọ na 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 & 2020, nke na-eme ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime mba ndị a na-eleta n'Africa. Tunisia abụwo ebe mara mma maka ndị njem nleta kemgbe mmalite afọ 1960. 

N'ime ebe ndị njem nlegharị anya Tunisia bụ isi obodo Tunis, mkpọmkpọ ebe ochie nke Carthage, ebe ndị Alakụba na ndị Juu nke Djerba, na ebe ntụrụndụ dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na mpụga Monastir.  Dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ bụ́ The New York Times si kwuo, a maara Tunis maka osimiri ọla edo ya, ihu igwe anwụ na-acha na ihe okomoko dị ọnụ ala.”[1]
thumb|Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bịarutere
Dị ka Garrett Nagle si kwuo n'akwụkwọ ya Advanced Geography, ụlọ ọrụ njem nleta nke Tunisia "na-erite uru site na ọnọdụ Mediterenian ya na omenala ya nke ezumike ngwugwu dị ọnụ ala site na Western Europe".  Mmepe nke njem nleta malitere na 1960 site na mgbalị jikọrọ aka nke gọọmentị na ndị otu onwe. N'afọ 1962, njem nleta, nke nwere ntinye 52,000 na àkwà 4,000, nwere ego nde dollar abụọ ma ghọọ isi iyi nke mgbanwe mba ọzọ na mba ahụ.

Ruo n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, isi ihe na-adọrọ mmasị na Tunisia dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ gburugburu Tunis; Otú ọ dị, atụmatụ mmepe mba nke asaa nke 1989 mepụtara ọtụtụ ebe ndị njem nleta ọhụrụ gụnyere ebe ezumike na Port-el-Kantaoui. Ngalaba njem ugbu a na-anọchite anya 6.5% nke GDP Tunisia ma na-enye ọrụ 340,000 nke 85,000 bụ ọrụ kpọmkwem ma ọ bụ 11.5% nke ndị na-arụ ọrụ na oke ọrụ oge.

France, Germany, Italy na United Kingdom bụ ahịa njem nleta anọ ọdịnala, ọ bụ ezie na Tunisia ekpebiela kemgbe afọ ole na ole gara aga imeghe ụlọ ọrụ njem ya na ahịa ọhụrụ dị ka Russia na China.  Site na 2003 ruo 2004, ọ nwetaghachiri ndị njem nleta, na 2007 hụrụ mbata na-abawanye site na pasent 3 karịa nke 2006.

## Ihe Ndị Na-adọrọ Adọrọ
Ihe na-adọrọ mmasị na Tunisia dị iche iche dabere na mpaghara

*
*

### Ebe Ihe Nketa Ụwa nke UNESCO
Tunisia nwere saịtị UNESCO World Heritage Saịtị asatọ yana 13 ndị ọzọ na ndepụta tent nke gụnyere agwaetiti Djerba maka ọdịbendị na okpukpe dị iche iche.


## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị nke Office of Tunisian tourism
Ndị Togo na France

**Ndị Togo** nọ na France bụ ndị si obodo Togo na ụmụ ha bi ma na-arụ ọrụ na France. Ha bụ otu n'ime ndị Afrịka bi na mpaghara Sahara na France.

Ndị Togolese mbụ kwagara na France rutere n'afọ ndị 1970s na afọ 1980s. Ha na-abịakarị ibi n'ógbè ndị dara ogbenye (banlieue).
Ụlọ ọrụ gas nke East Mediterranean

East Mediterranean Gas Company (EMG) bụ ndi nwe na ndi na-arụ ọrụ nke Peace Pipileine Al Arish-Ashkelon pipeline.  EMG bụ ụlọ ọrụ jikọtara aka nke Mediterranean Gas Pipeline Ltd MGPC nke bụ nke "Evsen Group of Companies" (17 pacenti), EMED BV (39 pacenti), East Gas Company EGC (9 pacenti), na Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation (10 pacenti).

E wubere EMG n'afọ 2000 iji bubata Gas nke Ijipt na Obodo Israel, ọrụ ahụ malitere mbupụ gas ahụ n'afọ 2008, n'afọ 2012 ka a kwụsịrị nkwekọrịta Gas na EMG. 

N'afọ 2019 a gbanwere ebe EMG iji kwe ka gas sitere n'okike si Israel gaa obodo Ijipt, gas sitere n"okike malitere ịgafe na paịpụ udo gaa Ijipt n'afọ 2020. 

 

## Edensibia
Miriam Makeba & Bongi

Miriam Makeba & Bongi bụ abọm 1975 nke ***[[Miriam Makeba|Miriam]]*** Makeba, nke Editions Syliphone Conakry wepụtara.

## Ndepụta egwu

# "Nwatakịrị Na Nnụnụ"
# "Ọgha ụgha"
# "Africa (Ifrikia) "
# "Amampondo"
# "Ihe niile Maka Gị Ịhụnanya m"
# "Ị Na-echeta Malcolm?"
# "Egwuregwu A machibidoro Iwu"
# "Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Ifufe Ịdị n'Otu"
# "Dakhla Yunik"
# "Milele"
# "Nke ahụ bụ ụdị ịhụnanya"
# "Obi dị m ụtọ nke ukwuu"

## Ihe odide
Okasha

Okasha (Arabic: عكاشة) bụ aha nna Ijipt nwere ike na-ezo aka

* Ahmed Okasha, onye isi mgbaka nke Ijipt
* Motaz Okasha (amụrụ ya  na afọ 1990), onye Egypt na-agba bọọlụ
* Osama Anwar Okasha (1941 2010), onye Egypt na-ede ihe nkiri na onye nta akụkọ
* Samir OkashaPrọfesọ nke Philosophy of Science na Mahadum Bristol, UK
* Tawfik okasha,onye  na-eme ihe na igwe onyonyo  ndị igypt
* Tharwat Okasha (amụrụ 1921), onye edemede Egypt, onye ntụgharị na onye ọrụ gọọmentị
Jane Pilgrim

**Jane Pilgrim** bụ onye nhazi otu ndị ọrụ oge niile nke Bekee na-arụ ọrụ na National Health Service maka UNISON. Ọ batara n'ihu ọha na 2011 ka ọ katọchara amụma ahụike gọọmentị.

Ndị ọrụ otu ndị ọrụ na-akwụ ụtụ isi oge niile bụ ndị amara aha ha dị ka "Ndị pilgrim", na-ewebata Motion Early Day na House of Commons na-akatọ omume ndị dị otú ahụ. David Morris MP welitere okwu ahụ na odeakwụkwọ ahụike, ebe Alok Sharma MP jụrụ ajụjụ Prime Minista.  David Cameron zara na "Ọ dị mma ọrụ ma ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ike nweta ya!"Sharma ezipụla arịrịọ maka nnwere onwe ozi na ndị kansụl ime obodo niile ka ha kpughee ole "ndị njem ala nsọ" na-arụ ọrụ na gọọmentị ime obodo, na nzaghachi na-egosi na ọ dịkarịa ala £ 35m na-emefu kwa afọ.

## Ihe edeturu n'okpuru ala

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Enid Stacy

**Enid Stacy** (10 June 1868 - 4 September 1903onye na-akwado socialist. A mụrụ Stacy na 10 June 1868 na Westbury, Gloucestershire, ọkpara nke onye na-ese ihe Irish Henry Stacy na ụmụ anọ nwunye ya Rose Deeley. Ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara Bristol na 1881. A zụlitere ya n'ezinụlọ Ndị Kraịst; nwanne ya nwoke nyeere aka chọta Bristol na Clifton Christian Socialist Society na nna ya mechara tinye aka na Bristol Socialist Society Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Bristol, ebe ọ meriri agụmakwụkwọ Whitworth, wee bụrụ onye nkuzi na Redland High School for Girls.[N'ebe ahụ, ọ zutere Katharine St John Conway, onye ya na ya nwere mmasị na John Ruskin na Anglo-Catholicism.

N'afọ 1889, e nwere ọtụtụ ọgbaghara na Bristol na okwu Tom Mann mere ka Stacy kwenye itinye aka, mana mgbe o kwusịrị okwu na nzukọ a machibidoro iwu, a chụrụ ya n'ọrụ.[Kama nke ahụ, ọ sonyeere National Union of Gas Workers and General Labourers dị ka onye nhazi, na-eduga ọgbaghara n'etiti ndị ọrụ owuwe ihe ubi na ndị ọrụ na-emepụta ihe oriri, ma bụrụ odeakwụkwọ nsọpụrụ nke Association for the Promotion of Trade Unionism Among Women.

Ka oge na-aga, Stacy bịara lekwasị anya n'ịkụzi ihe, na mbụ maka Fabian Society na Labour Church, mgbe ahụ site na 1893 maka Independent Labour Party (ILP). N'afọ ahụ, ọ nọrọ oge ụfọdụ na-ebi na Starnthwaite colony maka ndị na-enweghị ọrụ, mana a chụpụrụ ha n'oge na-adịghị anya. Site na 1895, ọ rụrụ ọrụ oge niile maka ILP, na-eje ozi na kansụl nchịkwa mba ya site na 1896 ruo 1899.  Ọ mara Keir Hardie aka maka ịbụ onyeisi oche nke ILP na 1898. 

Stacy dekwara akwụkwọ ugboro ugboro maka The Clarion wee sonye na National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies N'afọ 1896, ọ zutere onye isi ụka Anglo-Catholic Percy Widdrington na International Congress of Socialists . Ha lụrụ na Mee na-esote, na mbụ biri na Newcastle upon Tyne, mgbe e mesịrị na Calderbrook. Ọbụna mgbe ọ mụsịrị nwa, Stacy nọrọ ọnwa isii n'afọ na-eme njem ma na-akụzi ihe gbasara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ụmụ nwanyị, ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na mberede na 4 Septemba 1903. 

## Edensibia
Mauritian dollar

N'afọ 1820, na nzaghachi nye arịrịọ sitere n'aka ndị Britain na-achị Mauritius, gọọmenti eze ukwu dị na London mepụtara ego mkpụrụ ọlaọcha na ụdị 1⁄4, 1⁄8, na 1⁄16 dollar. Otu dollar a na-ekwu okwu ya bụ otu dollar Spanish na ego mkpụrụ  ndị a bụ ndị a maara dị ka 'Anchor Dollars' n'ihi arịlịka ahụ pụtara na ha. E mepụtara ọtụtụ n'ime dollar ndị a n'afọ 1822, ọ bụghị naanị maka Mauritius kamakwa maka British West Indies. Na mgbakwunye na nke a, e mepụtara ego mkpụrụ 1⁄2 dollar maka Mauritius. Ka otu afọ ma ọ bu abụọ gasịrị,  e mepụtara akụkụ nke dollar ọla kọpa maka Mauritius, British West Indies, na Sierra Leone.

**Dollar** bụ ego Mauritius ruo n'afọ 1877. Na mbido, ọ bụ dollar Spanish, na ego akwụkwọ na mkpụrụ ego ọhụrụ na-ewepụta na 1820s (lee mkpụrụ ego Anchor). Na mbụ, a na-etinye dollar ahụ na ọnụ ahịa nke 2 Indian rupees, mgbe ahụ na 4 shillings sterling. N'afọ 1822, e wepụtara mkpụrụ ego maka 25 na 50 sous n'ihi na a nọgidere na-eji livre nke ndị France na-achị.

Dollar ahụ na-agagharị n'akụkụ sterling na rupee ndị India. E jiri ọnụego mgbanwe na-abụghị nke gọọmentị kwadoro nke pụtara ka rupee 2 bụrụ otu d

na dwere eme r mee ihe, ọ bụ ezie na nke a mere ka rupee ahụ dị oke ọnụ ruo oge ụfọdụ.

N'afọ 1877, e webatara rupee Mauritian. Ọ nọchiri dollar na ọnụego nke 2 rupees = 1 dollar.

## Edensibia
Ko Yu-chin

**Ko Yu-chin** (Chinese: 葛雨琴; amụrụ n'afọ 1939) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Taiwan.

Ko gụrụ iwu na Mahadum Soochow tupu ọ gaa Institute of Revolutionary Practice.  Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Chunghwa Post wee jee ozi dị ka odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Republic of China Postal Workers Union tupu ọ kwaga na Chinese Federation of Labour, dị ka onye isi oche ya. ] A họpụtara Ko ka ọ bụrụ ￼￼Omebe iwu Yuan￼￼ dị ka onye nnọchianya nke ndị ọrụ na Kuomintang.  Mgbe ￼￼￼Emechara mpaghara ọrụ, a họpụtara Ko ka ọ bụrụ onye omebe iwu Yuan na 1992 na 1995 site na ndepụta ndị otu Kuomintang.. O mechara bụrụ odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Chinese Association for Relief and Ensuing Services, ma mesịa bụrụ onye isi oche nsọpụrụ ya.

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Akụkọ Afrịka

The Africa Report bụ magazin Bekee na-ebipụta kwa nkeji iri na ise nke na-elekwasị anya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ***akụ*** na ụba Afrịka.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
N'ịbụ nke Jeune Afrique Media Group nke dị na Paris mepụtara na 2005, Patrick Smith nke Africa Confidential dezigharịrị The Africa Report. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-ebipụtakwa magazin Jeune Afrique kwa ọnwa.

A mụrụ ya site na ọchịchọ nke Jeune Afrique Media Group ịzụlite onwe ya n'ụwa Anglo-Saxon, The Africa Report malitere ebe nrụọrụ weebụ na 2019 iji nweta ọhụụ ma ghọọ mgbasa ozi na-ezo aka na Africa. Ọ na-ekpuchi akụkọ akụ na ụba, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke kọntinent ahụ.

Na-egosipụta akụkọ site na ngalaba na ilekwasị anya na mba, mbipụta ọ bụla sitere n'aka otu nchịkọta akụkọ kwụụrụ onwe ya nke Nicholas Norbrook, onye nchịkọta *akụkọ* nke Africa Report kemgbe e kere ya.

Na ihe karịrị otu nde ndị na-agụ ya kwa ọnwa, The Africa Report mejupụtara paywall na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ *akụkọ* ya na 2021 iji gbakwunye mbipụta mbipụta ya nke nkeji iri na ise.

Africa Report meriri na 2006, 2007 na 2012 Diageo Africa Business Reporting Award maka Best Media yana onyinye 2007 maka Best Published Feature.

Mgbe onye guzobere otu ahụ bụ Bechir Ben Yahmed nwụsịrị na 3 Mee 2021, njikwa nke The African Report nọ n'okpuru nlekọta nke Nicholas Norbroook.

## Chaatị nhazi
Danielle Ben Yahmed, onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ

Nicholas Norbrook, Onye Nchịkwa        

Kanika Saigal, Onye nchịkọta azụmahịa

Laura-Angela Bagnetto, Onye nchịkọta akụkọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị      

Anne-Marie Bissada, Onye nchịkọta weebụ      

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị
Amanda Martín

**Amanda Martín** bụ onye ndọrọndọrọ na pati ndị ọrụ.  Ọ bụkwa onye nkuzi akụkọ ihe mere eme na onye ọrụ otu ndị ọrụ

Ọ ghọrọ onye otu ụlọ omebe iwu nke Obodo kwụụrụ onwe nke Buenos Aires na June 2021, dị ka onye ndoro-ndoro nke Fronters' Left Front;  ọ ga-ejide oche ahụ ruo Disemba 2023."Martín, Amanda". *Legislatura Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires* (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-12-01.


## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Onye na-ahụ maka anụ ọhịa: Venture Africa

Wildlife Tycoon: Venture Africa bụ egwuregwu vidio simulation nke e mere na Africa. Ndị na-egwu egwuregwu na-emepụta ma na-achịkwa anụmanụ Africa dịka ọdụm, enyí, zebras na egwuregwu atụmatụ a. Iji nwee ihe ịga nke ọma, onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ ga-achọpụta omume pụrụ iche nke ụdị ọ bụla ma wuo nri na isi iyi mmiri iji dabara ha. Ha ga-ahazi usoro okike ha nke ọma ka o wee nwee ike inyere ma anụ na-eri ibe ha aka iru nguzozi n'ọhịa. Onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ nwekwara ike ịhọrọ anụmanụ ọ bụla ma kụziere ya ihe oriri dị anya, ma ọ bụ họrọ anụ na-eri anụ iji gbuo anụ na-egbu ahịhịa.

Venture Africa bipụtara site n'aka egwuregwu, mumbojumbo, a na-erekwa ya n'ịntanetị site na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Pocketwatch Games yana ọtụtụ ọnụ ụzọ egwuregwu ndị ọzọ.

E mepụtara aha ahụ n'ime ọnwa 10 maka ngụkọta nke USD $ 8,000, ma ree ihe dị ka 65,000.  Andy Schatz, onye isi na onye guzobere Pocketwatch Games, chepụtara, hazie, mepụta ma nye aka na nka na egwuregwu ahụ.  Otu ndị ọrụ nkwekọrịta asaa dịpụrụ adịpụ nyere ihe osise na mgbasa ozi fọdụrụnụ maka egwuregwu ahụ.

## Onyinye na nnabata

* Emume Egwuregwu Onwe Ya nke 2006

:* Onye meriri na Grand Prize

* Slamdance Guerilla Gamemaker asọmpi 2006

:* Onye meriri na Grand Prize

* Egwuregwu Indie Con 2005

:* Onye na-agba ọsọ kachasị ọhụrụ
:* Onye Kasị Mma n'Otu

*Hyper's* Tim Henderson na-aja egwuregwu ahụ mma maka "mmekọrịta dị mfe" yana "nnukwu ndụ na nguzozi ọnwụ". Otú ọ dị, ọ na-akatọ egwuregwu ahụ maka "ntụziaka [nke] bụ obere ihe na-edoghị anya na enweghị ntụgharị igwefoto".

## Ihe Ndị Na-eso ya
Venture Africa mepụtara ihe ọzọ a na-akpọ Venture Arctic. A tọhapụrụ Venture Arctic na 26 Mee 2007 ma nwee ihe dịka okpukpu abụọ nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụ anụmanụ ma e jiri ya tụnyere Venture Africa. A kagbuola Venture *Dinosauria* tupu ụbọchị ntọhapụ ya na 2009.

## Ihe odide


## Njikọ mpụga

* Venture Africa na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Pocketwatch Games
Akụkọ IT Africa

IT News Africa bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ **akụkọ** teknụzụ nke dị na Johannesburg. Ọ na-elekwasị anya na akụkọ gbasara ozi na nkwukọrịta (ICT), netwọk, nchekwa IT, ngwanrọ, ngwaọrụ na ịgba chaa chaa, na ndị ọrụ mkpanaka si n'ofe Afrịka. IT News Africa na-emepụta Innovation Dinner kwa ọnwa, nzukọ nke ndị isi dị elu site na ụlọ ọrụ ICT gafee Africa kwadoro na mmekorita nke IBM; ọ bụkwa onye na-ebipụta African Innovator Magazine.

## Ajụjụ ọnụ
N'ịbụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ akụkọ na ozi, IT News Africa agbaala ajụjụ ọnụ na ọtụtụ ndị isi dị elu na ụlọ ọrụ ICT nke Africa, dị ka onye isi nchịkwa Samsung maka South Africa, onye isi nchịk nke Communications Commission nke Nigeria, onye isi oche MTN Sifiso Dabengwa, na onye isi oche SAP nke Europe, Middle East And Africa.

## Nri Nri Nchọpụta
IT News Africa bụ ọrụ maka ịmepụta usoro Innovation Dinner kwa ọnwa, nke na-eme ka ndị isi dị elu site na ụlọ ọrụ ICT dị iche iche si n'ofe Africa gbakọọ ọnụ ma kwurịta isiokwu a kara aka nke ihe omume ahụ. Emere ihe omume ahụ na South Africa, mana kemgbe ahụ agbasaala na Naịjirịa na Kenya. Na nkezi, ndị ọbịa 90 kpọrọ naanị na-abịa nri abalị ahụ nke gụnyere ndị isi gara aga site na Hewlett-Packard, MTN, Ericsson, Motorola, Dimension Data na Huawei.

## African Innovator Magazine
IT News Africa bụ naanị onye na-ebipụta African Innovator Magazine, na mbipụta mbụ ya ga-amalite na 2012. Magazin ahụ ga-elekwasị anya n'ihe ọhụrụ na kọntinent Afrịka, ma na-agafe ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ gụnyere mHealth, ICT, nkwukọrịta na ngwaọrụ, yana inwe isiokwu miri emi na profaịlụ na ndị isi na ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche.

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Peeji Facebook
* Peeji Twitter
* Foto nke Innovation Nri Anyasị
Eleanor Stewart (onye na-arụ ọrụ)

**Eleanor Stewart**, MBE (28 Mee 1889 - 19 Mee 1965) bụ onye ọrụ otu azụmahịa na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Scotland.

## Ndụ
.Amụrụ na Glasgow, Stewart malitere ndụ ọrụ ya mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, dị ka onye na-ebu mmiri ara ehi nwa oge.  O tinyere aka na ikike onye ọrụ n'oge mbụ, ịbụ onye nhazi ụmụ nwanyị maka otu ndị ọrụ, na onye ọrụ afọ ofufo maka National Federation of Women Workers.[1]  Ọ bụ onye nnọchiteanya na Scottish Trades Union Congress (STUC) na 1916. Nke a bụ oge Red Clydeside, Stewart weere òkè na-eduga na mkpesa megide nchụpụ nke ndị na-elekọta ụlọ ahịa radical na Glasgow.  N’ihi ya, a kpọgara ya n’ụlọ ikpe, ya na Helen Crawfurd, Willie Gallacher na Emanuel Shinwell.[2]  Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye isi ụlọ ọgwụ Royal Maternity Hospital, yana ụlọ ọgwụ Royal Sameria maka ụmụ nwanyị na Glasgow

Òtù Ndị Ọrụ ghọrọ akụkụ nke Òtù Ndị Na-ahụ Maka Njem na Ndị Ọrụ Jikọrọ Aka, Stewart gara n'ihu dị ka onye ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị Scotland, ma nọgide na-arụsi ọrụ ike na STUC, ebe ọ kwalitere ịkwụ ụgwọ nhata na iwebata ụgwọ kacha nta.  Ọ bụ onye guzobere Kọmitii ndụmọdụ ụmụ nwanyị, nke ọ bụ onye isi oche ya site na 1933 ruo 1935, na site na 1943 ruo 1948.

## Ihe odide
Oge Africa

Oge Afrịka (ma ọ bụ **oge Afrịka**) bụ ọdịbendị a na-ahụ anya, n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke Afrịka na Caribbean maka àgwà dị jụụ karị n'oge.  A na-eji nke a eme ihe mgbe ụfọdụ n'ụzọ mkparị, banyere igbu oge na nhọpụta, nzukọ na ihe omume. Nke a na-agụnyekwa ụdị ndụ dị jụụ, nke na-adịchaghị mma, nke a na-ahụkarị na mba ndị Afrịka, ọkachasị ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndụ kwa ụbọchị na mba ndị dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ. N'ihi nke a, ọ dị ka oge na mpaghara ọdịbendị ndị ọzọ na-abụghị nke ọdịda anyanwụ.

## Akụkụ ya
Ọdịdị nke enweghị oge ma ọ bụ àgwà dị nro banyere oge n'Africa, nwere ike igosipụta ụzọ na usoro dị iche iche na ijikwa ọrụ, ihe omume, na mmekọrịta. A na-akọwakarị ọdịbendị Afrịka dị ka "polychronic", nke pụtara na ndị mmadụ na-ejikarị ihe karịrị otu ihe n'otu oge kama n'usoro siri ike. A na-ejikwa mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya n'ụzọ a, nke mere na ọ bụghị ihe a na-ahụkarị inwe ihe karịrị otu mkparịta ụka n'otu oge. A tụwo aro "ịmara oge mmetụta uche" nke Afrịka nke dị iche na "ịmara ihe na-eme n'oge" nke ọdịda anyanwụ.

Na Caribbean, "...[t]hings agaghị eme mgbe niile ngwa ngwa ma ọ bụ kpọmkwem dị ka ị nwere ike mara". N'ihi mmetụta ọdịbendị nke "oge Caribbean" ma ọ bụ "oge agwaetiti", ndị obodo enweghị mmetụta nke nrụgide oge nke bụ akụkụ nke ọdịbendị ọdịda anyanwụ.

## Mmeghachi omume na ọnọdụ oge na Africa na Caribbean

### Nkatọ onwe onye na nkọwa
Echiche nke oge Afrịka aghọwo isiokwu dị mkpa nke nkatọ onwe onye na Afrịka nke oge a. Dị ka otu onye edemede Ghana si kwuo,
 
N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2007, mkpọsa Ivorian megide oge Afrịka, nke Onye isi ala Laurent Gbagbo kwadoro, nwetara nlebara anya mgbasa ozi mba ụwa mgbe emere ihe omume a na-akpọ "N'abalị N'Abidjan iji mata ndị ọchụnta ego na ndị ọrụ gọọmentị maka ịnọ n'oge mgbe niile. Okwu mmeghe nke mkpọsa ahụ bụ "'Oge Afrịka' na-egbu Afrịka - ka anyị lụso ya ọgụ". Reuters kọrọ na "ndị na-ahazi ya na-atụ anya ime ka a mara etu nnọkọ, nzukọ ma ọ bụ ọbụna bọs na-egbu oge si belata mmepụta ihe n'ógbè ebe igbu oge bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị". E kwuru na onye mmeri nke afọ a, onye ndụmọdụ iwu Narcisse Aka - onye natara $ 60,000 Villa iji kwado oge ya - "dị mma n'ụzọ pụrụ iche na ndị ọrụ ibe ya na-akpọ ya 'Mr White Man's Time'". Ụfọdụ ndị njem nleta ọdịda anyanwụ na Caribbean "...na-ewe iwe ma ọ bụrụ na ndị obodo anaghị azaghachi ngwa ngwa ma ọ bụ nke ọma na arịrịọ ọ bụla dịka ndị ọrụ ma ọ bụ ndị ọrụ na-eme n'ụlọ".
### Omenala a ma ama
 
A na-egosi ọdịiche dị n'etiti oge Afrịka na oge ọdịda anyanwụ na ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi *Binta na* Great Idea. Onye na-eme ihe nkiri ahụ, onye ọkụ azụ n'otu obere obodo dị na Senegal, enweghị ike ịghọta echiche ọhụrụ ndị enyi ya si Europe wetara; a na-eji elekere aka Switzerland eme ihe nnọchianya, nke na-ada n'oge dị iche iche maka obi ụtọ nke enyi ahụ, mana n'enweghị ihe doro anya. A na-egosi onye ọkụ azụ ahụ ka ọ na-agafe n'etiti ndị ọrụ dị iche iche na echiche ya, nke n'ikpeazụ bụ nkatọ siri ike nke ọdịbendị ọdịda anyanwụ na-etinye uche na arụmọrụ na ọganihu.

## Hụkwa
 

* Oge n'Africa
* Oge ndị na-acha ọbara ọbara
* Ịgagharị nwayọọ
* Nkwupụta na Nkwupụta
* Ịdị obere § 
* Nchịkwa oge

## Ihe odide
Christina McAnea

**Christina McAnea** (amụrụ n'afọ 1958) bụ onye isi otu ọrụ na Scotland.  bu onye ndu otu ndi ahia nke Scotland.  A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Unison n'ọnọdụ nke Dave Prentis. Wee weghara ọkwa ahụ na 22 Jenụwarị 2021.

## Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Christina McAnea na 1958 na Glasgow wee tolite na mpaghara Drumchapel, ebe ọ gara St. Pius School (ugbu a ebe Drumchapel High School). Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Civil Service, National Health Service na retail, tupu ọ gaa na Mahadum Strathclyde iji mụọ Bekee na akụkọ ihe mere eme..

## Ọrụ ya

### Oru mbido
Mgbe mahadum gasịrị, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Glasgow City Council dị ka onye ọrụ ụlọ tupu ọ malite ịrụ ọrụ maka GMB, ebe ọ dụrụ ndị ọrụ ọdụ ka ha na-ekpe ikpe n'ihu ndị were ha n'ọrụ..

### Ịdị n'otu
McAnea rụrụ ọrụ na Unison kemgbe e guzobere ya na 1993. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na mbụ na National and Local Government Officers' Association (NALGO), na mbụ dị ka onye isi ụmụ nwanyị, tupu e jikọta ya na Unison. Ọ ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị odeakwụkwọ ukwu ise nke Unison na Mee 2018.

### Onye odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Unison(General Secretary of Unison)
A họpụtara McAnea ka ọ nọchie Dave Prentis ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Unison na 11 Jenụwarị 2021, mgbe ọ nwetasịrị 47.7% nke votu ndị otu.  Prentis abụrụla odeakwụkwọ ukwu afọ iri abụọ.  Ọ malitere ọrụ na Jenụwarị 22, 2021..

## Ndụ onwe ya
McAnea luru di ma bikwara na ndịda London. O nwere ụmụ abụọ ndị toro eto. McAnea soro ma bụru kwa onye otu Labour Party. Na mbido afọ 1980, ọ bụ onye otu Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB).

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Africa niile

AllAfrica bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke na-achịkọta akụkọ Ndi e mepụtara na kọntinent Afrịka banyere akụkụ niile nke ndụ Afrịka, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, nsogbu na ọdịbendị. Ọ dị na Bekee na French ma mepụta site na AllAfrica Global Media, nke nwere ọfịs na Cape Town, Dakar, Lagos, Monrovia, Nairobi na Washington, D.C na Washington, D.C. AllAfrica bụ onye nọchiri African News Service.

Enwere ike igosi akụkọ ya site na ụdị na obere ụdị dịka mba, mpaghara, na akụkọ akụkọ. N'afọ 2008, AllAfrica wepụtara usoro bọọdụ nkọwa.

Onye isi oche nke AllAfrica Global Media, Amadou Mahtar,, bụ onye otu International Advisory Board nke African 

.

## Ihe odide


## Njikọ mpụga

* Webụsaịtị gọọ 
* Ebe nchekwa ReliefWeb nke AllAfrica
* Ihe ndekọ NAACP nke AllAfrica
Mary Stirling

**Mary Stirling** bụ onye American labor unionist.

Stirling rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-akpụ akpụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ na Filadelfia.  Na 1880, ọ sonyeere mpaghara Knights of Labour ọhụrụ, Garfield Assembly 1684, nke ọ bịara soro Mary Hanafin gbaa ọsọ.[1]

N'afọ 1885, a họpụtara Stirling dị ka General Venerable Sage nke mgbakọ nke njikọ ahụ ọzọ.  A họpụtakwara ya dị ka odeakwụkwọ nke kọmitii Knights of Labor iji chịkọta data gbasara ụmụ nwanyị na ọrụ.  N'afọ 1886, ọ nwetara vootu asaa na ntuli aka maka onyeisi oche nke kọmitii na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ.

## Ihe odide
Kate McLean

thumb|Kate McLean
**Catherine McLean** nke a maara dị ka **Kate McLean** ma mesịa bụrụ **Kate Beaton**  (6 Jenụwarị 1879 - 21 Ọktoba 1960) bụ onye otu ndị ahịa Britain na onye ndụmọdụ na Glasgow.  Ọ duru National Federation of Women Workers (NFWW) na ọtụtụ esemokwu gụnyere ndị ọrụ netwọk ọnwa isii na-egbu na Kilbirnie na 1913.

## Ndụ ya
A mụrụ McLean na Glasgow na 1879. Ọ bụ nwa nke anọ n'ime ụmụ isii ọ gara akwụkwọ ruo mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ.  Ọ malitere mkpakọrịta ya na ihe ndị na-akpata socialist mgbe ọ sonyere na Njikọ Ndị Ọrụ Ụmụ nwanyị.  N'afọ sochirinụ ọ nọ na National Federation of Women Workers (NFWW).  Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị nnọchiteanya ha na Glasgow Trades Council dị mkpa..N'afọ 1911 ọ bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị isii mbụ gara Scottish Trades Union Congress na Dundee dị ka ndị nnọchiteanya (karịa ndị nwunye). [citation needed] Ọ sonyeere STUC ruo n'afọ 1914 mgbe ọ lụrụ di.

Ndị ọrụ eriri owu nke Neilston gburu na 25 Mee 1910 na McLean na Esther Dick debanyere ndị na-eti ihe ngwa ngwa na NFWW.  Mgbasa ahụ toro ka ndị na-ewe ọrụ na-achọghị ịgwa ndị NFWW okwu na ka ọ na-erule June ọ bụ mkpọchi-apụ na narị narị ndị ọhụrụ (na-egbu egbu) NFWW.  Ọgbụgba ọrụ a dị mkpa n'ihi na ọ bụ nke mbụ ndị ọrụ ahụ hapụrụ ndị ọrụ nna na-arụrụ ọrụ gaa n'otu iji kwado ha.

. . O tinyere aka ọzọ mgbe NFWW kwadoro iku 1911 na Vale of Leven dyeworks na United Turkey Red Company. Nke a bụ nnukwu esemokwu maka ụlọ ọrụ Alexandria a na enwere ụfọdụ ime ihe ike. Ndị NFWW na-arụsi ọrụ ike ebe ahụ mana ha dọtara ọtụtụ ndị otu ọzọ.  Ka ọ na-erule Jenụwarị, ha nwere ndị otu 600 na ka ọ na-erule February 1911 enwere 2,000.  Amụma NFWW bụ ịgbalị ka ndị otu ọhụrụ a banye n'otu ndị dị adị ebe a ga-anabata ha.  Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu ndị a kwere ka NFWW tinye nrụgide na National Amalgamated Society of Dyers, Bleachers, Finishers na Kindred Trade na ndị inyom nabatara dị ka ndị òtù.

Ọ bụkwa onye ndú na 1913 networkers' strike na Kilbirnie nke e kwekọrịtara na nzukọ NFWW na ngwụcha Machị.E doziri esemokwu ndị na-ahụ maka netwọk na 2 Septemba 1913. McLean kwuru okwu mmechi wee kwuo na ọ bụ ndị otu ahụ ka mma maka ụgwọ ọrụ na ọnọdụ ọrụnke a kwadoro na nzukọ NFWW na ngwụcha March.  Ọ dịgidere site na Eprel ruo Septemba 1913 ma ọ bụ ọrụ ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị kacha ogologo edekọ n'oge ahụ.  Ọgba aghara ahụ nwere nkwado obodo na n'ọnwa Mee enwere nzukọ na Kilbirnie ebe ndị na-akwado 10,000 bịara.  NFWW nabatara nlebara anya na McLean debanyere ndị otu ọhụrụ 200 na ụlọ ọrụ dynamite Nobel dị nso na Ardeer, North Ayrshire.  Edoziri esemokwu ndị netwọk ahụ na 2 Septemba 1913. McLean kwuru okwu mmechi ahụ wee kwuo na ọ bụ otu ahụ kwalitere ụgwọ ọrụ na ọnọdụ ọrụ..

Ọ lụrụ na 1914 ma ọ bụ dịka Kate Beaton ka a họpụtara ya n'enweghị mmegide maka ngalaba Hutchisontown dịka onye kansụl Glasgow.  Ọ nọgidere n'ọkwá ahụ ruo 1949 mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká n'ọkwa ahụ.

McLean nwụrụ na afọ 1960 na obodo Glasgow.

## Edensibia
Lumi

**Alaeze Afrịka LUMI** bụ ego ọhụrụ nwere nkwenye dị nta. E guzobere ya dị ka ego iwu kwadoro n'ime afọ 2014 Bank Act of Accompong, obodo nweere onwe ya na Jamaica, ma nye ya ọha na eze site na Central Solar Reserve Bank of Accompog dị ka ego nke Sovereign Maroon State of Accompongo na ego akwụkwọ ụlọ akụ ya e bipụtara na Canada. Onye guzobere LUMI bụ Minista na-ahụ maka ego n'oge ahụ na Gọvanọ nke Ụlọ Akụ̀ nke Accompong, H.H. Chief Timothy McPherson, onye bụ injinia ego zuru ụwa ọnụ nke sitere n'ókèala Maroon nke Queen Nanny nke Maroons na Island nke Jamaica.

Ọ bụ ezie na e bipụtara AKL Lumi mbụ n'afọ 2016 maka iji ya mee ihe n'ime Accompong, kemgbe afọ 2020 ndị otu gọọmentị anabatala LUMI dị ka ego gọọmentị, ha gụnyere: Economic Community of the States, Nations, Territories and Realms of the African Diaspora 6th Region (ECO-6), State of the African Baaspora, the African Kingdoms Federation, the United Kingdoms of Africa, na African Diaspor Central Bank. Otú ọ si la dị, Ụlọ Akụ̀ nke Jamaica dọrọ aka ná ntị megide ego ahụ, na-ekwu na "Onye ọ bụla na-ekwu maka inye ego nke agwaetiti Jamaica site n'aka mmadụ ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ ọzọ na-abụghị Ụlọ Akùụ̀ nke Jamaican na-eme otu a na-enweghi nkwado nke ụlọ akụ Jamaica ma na-emegide kwa iwu usoro ụlọ akụ ahi"

enweghị ikike ma mebie Iwu Ụlọ Akùnd nke Jamaica".

N'ịbụ nke ike anyanwụ kwadoro site na nkwekọrịta ịzụta ịke, ego ahụ ruru 100Kwh nke ike anyanwụ, yana ọnụahịa na-akwụsi na 4 grains nke ọlaedo (0.2592 gram) maka 1 AKL.
A naghịzi eji lumi eme ihe dị ka ego Accompong. Kama nke ahụ, ọ bụ African Diaspora Central Bank na-enye ya ugbu a. Colonel Richard Currie kpochapụrụ Central Solar Reserve Bank mgbe ọ nọchiri Colonel Ferron Williams dị ka onye isi ala ọhụrụ a họpụtara maka Accompong.

## Hụkwa
 

* Ụlọ akụ etiti na ego nke Caribbean
* Ụlọ ọrụ na-ewepụta akwụkwọ ego nke Commonwealth
* Njikọ Ego Afrịka
* Ụlọ Akụ̀ Central nke Afrịka
* Njikọ akụ na ụba nke West African States
* Economic Community nke Central African States
* CFA franc nke Central Africa (CAF)
* Shilling nke Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka
* Council of Arab Economic Unity (CAEU)
* Njikọ Arab Maghreb
* Ndepụta nke mba Commonwealth site na GDP

## Ihe edeturu
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, e nwere naanị 1 ego akwụkwọ, nke na-anọchite anya 1 lumi.
N'afọ 2021, African Diaspora Central Bank (ADCB) kọrọ ngụkọta nke US $ 1.1 puku ijeri na azụmahịa n'etiti Afrịka na mbà zuru ụwa ọnụ site na iji LUMI; nke a bụ ihe karịrị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ngụkọta GDP maka kọntinent Afrịka na US $ 2.7 puku ijeri n'afọ 2021.

## Edensibia
Akwụkwọ akụkọ Afrịka banyere Ahụike na Nchebe Ọrụ

Akwụkwọ akụkọ Afrịka maka ahụike na nchekwa ọrụ nwere African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety ka Finnish Institute of Occupational health bipụtara kemgbe 1991 ma bụrụ nke World Health Organization na International Labour Organization na-akwado.

## Njikọ mpụga

* Official website
Rosine Street

.Rosine Streeter bụ onye ọrụ otu ndị ahịa si New Caledonia.[1]

## Oge ọ malitere
A mụrụ Streeter n'àgwàetiti Lifou.

## Ọrụ
Na 1979, a họpụtara ya odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Union des Syndicats des Ouvriers et Employés de Nouvelle-Calédonie (USOENC), otu ndị ọrụ na ndị ọrụ. N'afọ 1995, mgbe afọ iri na isii gachara, ọ hapụrụ iji malite otu ọrụ nke ya (Syndicat Libre Unité Action - SLUA).

.Streeter abụrụla onye otu Council Economic and Social Council nke New Caledonia ma bụrụ onye isi oche kọmitii na ahụike na ọdịmma.

## Ihe odide

 

 
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Dancegod Lloyd

**Laud Anoo Konadu** (amụrụ na Mee 25, 1992), nke a maara dị ka **Dancegod Lloyd**, bụ onye na-agba egwú, onye nkuzi ịgba egwú, na onye na-eme ihe nkiri na Ghana. Ọ bụ onye guzobere ụlọ akwụkwọ ịgba egwú, DWP academy. N'afọ 2020, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na vidiyo egwu "Already" nke Beyonce, nke gosipụtara Shatta Wale.

## Oge ọ malitere
A mụrụ Laud Anoo Konadu na 25 Mee 1992 n'obodo a na-akpọ Kibi na mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Ghana. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Solidarity International School ma mesịa gaa Presbyterian Boys Senior High School na Accra. A mụrụ ya na Maazị Theophilus Konadu, nna ya na Oriakụ. Agnes Konadu, nne ya.

## Ọrụ
Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ọtụtụ vidiyo egwu, gụnyere "Already" nke Beyonce, "See Brother" nke Patoranking, na "Shoo" nke Kwamz na Flava.

N'afọ 2017, Dancegod na onye njikwa ya, Quables, na onye na-agba egwu, Afro Beast, malitere otu ọrụ ebere a na-akpọ "Dance With Purpose Academy", nke ebumnuche ya bụ inyere ndị na-eto eto, ndị na-agba egwú nwere nkà aka n'okporo ámá. Dance with Purpose Academy nwere ndị na-agba egwú dị ka Endurance Grand, Richael, Real Cesh, Energetic Tymlez, Demzy Baye, Lisa Quam na Afronitaaa. Ndị a bụ ndị na-agba egwú a ma ama, n'ime ihe karịrị ma ọ bụ ihe na-erughị ndị na- ịgba egwú 200 debanyere aha na Dwp Academy; enwere ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ n'ebe ahụ.

## Egwú ndị mbụ
**Shoo** - bụ abụ nke Kwamz na Flava mana a na-ekwu na Dancegod Lloyd mepụtara usoro ịgba egwú.

## Nkọwapụta

### Ndị na-alụbeghị di

* "Sika" nke gosipụtara Medikal
* "Corner Der" X DWP Academy, Afrobeast
* "Eheati" X DWP Academy, Afrobeast 

## Egwuregwu vidio

* "Already" nke Beyonce, Shatta Wale, Major Lazor (2019) 

## Ihe odide

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Nkà na ụzụ mmanụ Jowfe

**Jowfe Oil Technology** (JOT) bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ọrụ mmanụ ala nke gọọmentị ndi obodo Libya na-enye kemịkalụ mmanụ na ngwá ọrụ igwu ala. E hiwere JOT na afo 1983 ma debanye aha n'okpuru nọmba 7102 dịka ụlọ ọrụ  nke National Oil Corporation (NOC).

## Ọrụ
Nkà na ụzụ mmanụ Jowfe na-etinye aka na mmepụta na ahịa nke kemịkal mmanụ na Obodo Libya na mpaghara ndị gbara ya gburugburu. Ndị injinia apịtị na mmanụ ala nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-enye ọrụ teknụzụ maka igwu olulu mmiri gụnyere: Ịkwadebe atụmatụ igwu ala dị ka akụkọ ndị na-ahụ maka ala si kwuo; (2) eriri waya na atụmatụ mmepụta; ngwá ọrụ na-ehicha apịtị, onye na-eme ka oghere dị nro, tubing mmepụta na nyocha teknụzụ; ọrụ ala iji chọpụta omini na-ụdị nke oghere nwere hydrocarbons ya na gas; ihe ndị na-egwu mmiri, ire, igwu ala, ihe, ndị na-ekewa mmanụ, akara ọrụ silk, ya na nnwale ogwe osisi.

## Osisi ndị Jowfe
Jowfe nwere ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe atọ na-emepụta kemịkal ya na ihe maka ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ. Ihe ndị a gụnyere mmiri na-egwu ana na ihe ndi ọgwụgwọ, kemịkal eji emepụta nhicha, ágbá na ihe na-arapara n'ahụ. Ụlọ ọrụ ndị a bụgasi:

# Grinding Particulates Plant (GPP) - ikike nke 100,000 tpa; na-emepụta ihe eji egwu olulu mmiri, usoro nchebe cathodic, barite, bentonite na calcium carbonate.
# Liquid Products Plant (LPP) - ikike nke 25000 bpa. Ọ na-emepụta mmiri ọgwụ eji egwu egwu, mmepụta, nchekwa, njem na nhazi. Ọ na-emepụta kemịkal maka ncha, ncha, ágbá na ihe na-acha odo odo.
# Loss Circulation Materials Plant (LCM) - ikike nke 4500 tpa puku ano Na nari ise. Ọ na-emepụtakwazi mica, mkpokoro nut, eriri osisi na nnu.

## Ihe edeturu

## Edensibia
Clara James

Clara Grace James (30 Ọktoba 1866 &#x2D; 10 Ọgọst 1954)bụ onye Britain na-arụ ọrụ n'ịzụ ahịa 

n.

A mụrụ ya na Deptford mgbe ahụ na Kent, nne na nna James nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị obere, onye bụbu onye ọrụ nna ya zụlitere ya.  Ọ chọtara ọrụ na-eme achịcha, na 1889 ọ sonyeere Women's Trade Union Association (WTUA).  N'ihi ya, a chụrụ ya n'ọrụ ya, mana WTUA nyeere ya aka ịchọta ọrụ dị ka onye na-ede akwụkwọ, ebe ọ wepụtara onwe ya dị ka onye nhazi na osote odeakwụkwọ nke WTUA.  Onye na-eme ihe ike ya bụ Amie Hicks nyere ya ebe obibi ma nabata James n'ụzọ iwu dị ka nwa ya nwanyị.

Site na WTUA, James guzobere Confectioners' Union, ma jee ozi dị ka odeakwụkwọ ukwu ya.  Ya na Clementina ojii na John na-ere ọkụ rụkọtara ọrụ iji merie ọgbaghara n'etiti ndị na-emepụta chocolate na 1890, mana ndị otu ahụ chere mmegide dị elu site n'aka ndị were ha n'ọrụ na ndị ọrụ na-agagharị agagharị ihu, na-eduga na ọdịda ya na mgbasa ya na 1892.  Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, James lekwasịrị anya na mgbalị ya ịhazi ndị na-eme igbe.  Lilian Gilchrist Thompson kwụrụ WTUA £ 70 kwa afọ maka afọ abụọ iji were James n'ọrụ dị ka onye nyocha.

James na Hicks bụ naanị ụmụ nwanyị abụọ nyere ihe akaebe na 1891 Royal Commission on Labour.  James jere ozi dị ka onye nnọchi anya na London Trades Council, ma ruo oge ụfọdụ ọ bụ naanị nwanyị mere ya.

E guzobeghachiri WTUA na 1894 dị ka Women's Industrial Council (WIC), James nọgidekwara na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'ime ya, na-eje ozi na kọmitii nyocha na nhazi ya.  Otú ọ dị, na nkwado ya agwụla, Thompson kwụrụ ụgwọ maka ọzụzụ ya dị ka onye nkuzi mmega ahụ.  Ozugbo o mechara nke a, James guzobere usoro "Working Girls' Clubs", na-enye nkuzi, ọzụzụ anụ ahụ, nzukọ mmekọrịta na klas ụmụ amaala.  Ihe ndị a gosipụtara na ha na-ewu ewu, na 1899 WIC guzobere Clubs Industrial Association iji mee ka ọrụ a bụrụ nke a.  Otu n'ime ụmụ agbọghọ gara klas ya bụ Margaret Bondfield.

James mechara hapụ Clubs Industrial Association, guzobe otu Working Girls at Play, nke site na 1909 haziri klọb 22 na London.  Ọ malitere ịrịa ọrịa ma kwụsị ịkụzi ihe, laa ezumike nká na Canvey Island.  N'ebe ahụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye kansụl parish, ma na-elekọta ụlọ ezumike maka ụmụ agbọghọ na-arụ ọrụ na London.

## Ihe odide
Mary Quaile

Mary T. Quaile (8 Ọgọst 1886 &#x2D; 16 Disemba 1958) bụ onye otu Oru ndị ahịa Irish .

.

Amụrụ na Dublin, Quaile tolitere na Manchester, wee hapụ ụlọ akwụkwọ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ.  Na mbụ ọ bụ onye na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ, n'oge na-adịghị anya ọ kwagara ịrụ ọrụ na kọfị.  Mgbe ọ nọ n'ebe ahụ, Margaret Bondfield gara obodo ahụ iji hazie ndị ọrụ.  N'ịbụ onye kpaliri, Quaile malitere ime ka ndị ọrụ nri nọ n'obodo ahụ sonye n'òtù ndị ọrụ.  N'ihi ya, na 1911, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye enyemaka Ọhazi nke Manchester Women's Trade Union Council (WTUC), emesịa bụrụ odeakwụkwọ nhazi ya.

Na 1919, WTUC ghọrọ akụkụ nke Manchester Trades Council, Quaile wee bụrụ onye isi nwanyị mba nke Dock, Wharf, Riverside na General Labourers' Union, nke mechara bụrụ akụkụ nke Transport na general workers Union. Ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ na Trades Union Congress (TUC), ma jee ozi na General Council nke TUC site na 1923 ruo 1926. Site na 1923, Quaile bụ odeakwụkwọ nke Ngalaba Ụmụ nwanyị Manchester Trades Council, n'oge na-adịghịkwa anya, ọ bụkwa onye na-echekwa ego nke kansụl.

Ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ na Trades Union Congress (TUC), ma jee ozi na General Council nke TUC site na 1923 ruo 1926. Site na 1923, Quaile bụ odeakwụkwọ nke Ngalaba Ụmụ nwanyị Manchester Trades Council, n'oge na-adịghịkwa anya, ọ bụkwa onye na-echekwa ego nke kansụl.

a General workers Union.  Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na Trades Union Congress (TUC), ma jee ozi na General Council nke TUC site na 1923 ruo 1926.  Site na 1923, Quaile bụ odeakwụkwọ nke ngalaba ụmụ nwanyị nke Manchester Trades Council, n'oge na-adịghịkwa anya ọ bụkwa onye na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba nke kansụl ahụ.

N'afọ 1925, Quaile duuru ndị nnọchi anya TUC ụmụ nwanyị na Soviet Union.  A họpụtakwara ya na Kọmitii Ndụmọdụ Ụmụ nwanyị nke International Federation of Trade Unions.  N'ihi enweghị ahụ ike, ọ gbara arụkwaghịm na ọkwa mba ya niile na 1933, mana ọ ghọrọ onye ọka iwu na 1934 ma jigide ọrụ kansụl trades ya n'ime ọchịchị 1950.

## Edensibia
Elizabeth Symons, Baroness Symons nke Vernham Dean

**Elizabeth Conway Symons, Baroness Symons of Vernham Dean** PC (amụrụ 14 Eprel 1951) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Britain na onye otu azụmaahịa.  Otu onye otu Labour Party, ọ bụ Minista steeti maka Middle East site na 2001 ruo 2005. Ọ bụbu odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke FDA Trade Union ma bụrụkwa onye isi oche nke Arab British Chamber of Commerce (ABCC) kemgbe 2010.

.Emepụtara Symons ka ọ bụrụ onye ọgbọ ndụ ọrụ dịka Baroness Symons nke Vernham Dean, nke Vernham Dean na County nke Hampshire, na 7 Ọktoba 1996.[1]  Site na Mee 1997 ruo June 1999, ọ were ọkwa gọọmentị mbụ ya, na-eje ozi dị ka onye minista na-ahụ maka mba ofesi.  Site na 1999 ruo 2001, ọ bụ onye Minista nke steeti maka ịzụ ahịa nchekwa yana, site na 2001 ruo 2003, onye minista steeti maka azụmaahịa.  Site na 2001 ruo 2005, ọ bụ onye isi ala maka mba ofesi nwere ọrụ maka Middle East, Nchebe Mba Nile, Consular na Personal Affairs, na osote onye ndu nke House of Lords.

Symons bụ ma ọ bụ ka bụ onye otu British-American Project (BAP). Ọ nwere ndị otu 600 na ndị na-emepụta echiche, ndị si na mba abụọ ahụ, dị ka *The Guardian* si kwuo, ma na-enwe nzukọ kwa afọ ebe ihe niile a na-ekwu na-abụghị nke ndekọ. Ọ na-ejekwa ozi na bọọdụ ndị gọvanọ nke Ditchley Foundation.

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Lola Iturbe

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Lola Iturbe
**Lola** (Dolores) Iturbe (Barcelona, 1 August 1902 - Gijón, 5 January 1990) bụ onye ama ama na Spanish anarcho-syndicalist, trade unionist, activist, na onye nta akụkọ n'oge nke abụọ Spanish Republic, [1] na onye otu French Resistance n'oge Agha nke France . O so guzobe òtù anarcho-feminist, Mujeres Libres, na nke Comité de Milicias Antifascistas n'oge Agha Obodo Spain.

## Akụkọ ndụ
Na-arụ ọrụ dị ka odibo site na nwata, ọ bụ onye nkuzi onwe ya. Iturbe bụ onye otu Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT). N'afọ 1921, onye anarchist, Juan Manuel Molina Mateo ("Juanel") sonyeere ya. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị guzobere òtù anarcho-feminist, Mujeres Libres na nke Comité de Milicias Antifascistas n'oge Agha Obodo Spain. Ọ zutere Émilienne Morin na Brussels na 1928. O dere akụkọ banyere agha maka Tierra y Libertad site n'ihu Aragon. Na njedebe nke esemokwu ahụ, a chụgara ya na Juanel, onye bụbu odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Federación Anarquista Ibérica, na France. [1] Ha abụọ bụ akụkụ nke French Resistance.

## Ihe odide

### Akwụkwọ

* 
* Fontanillas, Antonia & Torres, Sonya. *Lola Iturbe Ndụ na echiche nke onye na-alụ ọgụ anarchist*. Virus Editorial, Collection Acracia, Barcelona 2006.  ISBN 

Òtù:Anarchism