Michael Cummings

Arthur Stuart Michael Cummings OBE ( Iyeds Leeds, Yorkshire, 1 June 1919, nwụrụ London, 9 Ọktoba 1997) bụ onye na - ese foto nke Britain .  [1] [2] A mara ya dị ka Michael Cummings wee bịanye aka n'enwe ya naanị Cummings .

## Ndụ mbido
Nne Cummings bụ onye na-ese ihe, ebe nna ya, AJ Cummings, bụ onye nchịkọta njikọ njikọ nke Liberal News Chronicle akwụkwọ akwụkwọ kwa ụbọchị nke London.  Ọ akụkọ akwụkwọ na ndị eze, Hampstead, London, Gresham's School, na Norfolk, mgbe ahụ na Chelsea School of Art, London.

N'oge Agha nke ebe, ọ na-abụ ọrụ maka Air Ministry wee bụrụ onye na-atụnye ụtụ na akwụkwọ ikike Aircraft Recognition.. 

## Ọrụ
Cummings bụ onye na-akwado ndị Labor Party na mbụ ma nye aka n'ihe atụ maka akwụkwọ akwụkwọ pro-Labour Tribune .  [1] O mechara sonye na Daily Express ;  ọ ga-emesịa dọpụta ọtụtụ ọrụ ya maka akwụkwọ ahụ na Sunday Express .  [2] Nkwaga ya na akwụkwọ ndị a daakpa na Cummings kwagara n'aka nri ndị soja.  [2] Na ntụle nke echiche ike njikere Cummings, Robert Allen na John Frost igwe ya dị ka onye Conservative.  Ha gbakwụnyere na Cummings "n'ụzọ doro anya na-- ike Oriakụ Thatcher, na-achọ ihe na Tony Benn nke ukwuu (ma na-enweta otuto maka ịbụ onye na-ese foto mbụ na-ahụ anya anụ masịrị ya), akara oge  ọ nkọwa maka Ted Heath, na ihe ndị ọzọ".  [2] Cummings onwe ya dị ka "nwatakịrị nwoke na-akparị mmadụ na-ekwu okwu n'oge ahụ jọgburu onwe ya", mana nye ọtụtụ ndị nkatọ ya ọ na-emeghachi omume .  Ihe ọsọ Cumming na ese ugodi ọrụ bụ Labor Party, kansụl obodo na-adabere n'aka ekpe, otu ndị ọrụ, ndị na-akwado ụmụ akwụkwọ, na mbata na akaebe .  Cummings na-anyakwa ndị Kọmunist, ihe nkiri ya na-agbakarịkwa ma ndị Soviet Union na Maoist China . 

## Esemokwu
N'afọ 1965, Cummings sere ụzọ nke na-egosi Lyndon B. Johnson ka ọ na-akpa n'osisi ogwu na isi onye isi ojii, ebe onye agha ndị Britain nke yi blinkers na-akpa osisi na isi nwa ojii.  Osisi ahụ nwere akara atọ n'alaka ya nke akara " Little Rock ", " Malcolm X " na " Harlem Riots ".  Ihe nkiri egwuregwu a bụ egwuregwu mmegide Cummings inye ndị isi ojii ka ha kwaga Britain, ikwere na mbata na ike dị otú ahụ ga-ebute ọgba aghara oriri ndị US.  [1] [2] Katoon a wetara sitere sitere n'aka otu ụmụ akwụkwọ Oxford.  Ha mere mmetụta na-ahụ ihe ịga nke ọma na British Press Council, na-ekwu na katuunu gbagọziri "ihe mere eme, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nke ọha mmadụ n'ezie iji echiche nke na-azụ ụfọdụ mmetụta kasị ala, kama  ọ mkparị nwere kpọmkwem na gbakoo ọnụ na ndị agba ma na Britain na America 

N'oge nsogbu dị na Northern Ireland, Cummings na-ele ndị Irish anya ugboro ugboro dị ka ndị na- agha uru, ndị nzuzu, na ndị na-egbu ọchụ.  [1] [2] N'October 1971, Cummings sere ihe ọrụ nke ịhụnanya "Father O'Brezhnev, Missionary to Ulster", nkeeje Leonid Brezhnev dị ka onye ọrụ Roman ikpe nke na-ebuga ndị IRA ngwá agha.  [3] Na 17 Ọktoba 1971, ndị otu National Union of Journalist nọ na Scottish Daily Express megidere ihe nkiri Cummings siri ike.  Ndị otu NUJ kaadị ya dị ka ụzọ, ma kwupụta egwu na ọ ga-aka njọ ịrọ òtù na Glasgow.  [4] Ndị otu NUJ akwụkwọ ndị nta ndị na-ehi na akwụkwọ, ihe akwụkwọ akwụkwọ Daily Express 350,000 tụfuru.  [3] [4] International Press Institute mechara katọọ ihe NUJ mere, na-amalite na ọjụjụ ha amị ibipụta ihe nkiri Cummings bụ "ihe egwu dị egwu nyere onwe ikwu okwu, nke njọ njọ n'ihi na ihe iyi egwu ahụ sitere n'ike.  n'aka ndị nta ndị."  [3] Na 29 Mee 1982, The Irish Times enweta Njụjụ ọnụ Cummings, n'oge onye nta ọkụ weghaara ihe ngosi nke Irish.  Cummings zara na ya nwere "ikikere onye na-ese foto" iji jide ndị Irish dị ka "ndị na-eme ihe ike dị oke egwu, na-agba ígwè, na-alụ ogụ mgbe niile, na- nnukwu ego, na-  ịdabiga ókè".  Cummings gbakwụ na omume ime ihe ike nke Provisional IRA na-eme ka ha yie ka enwe, n'agbanyeghị na nke ahụ bụ chi ọma na enwe.  [2] [1] Nke a mere ka ọtụtụ ndị edemede boro Cummings ebubo na ọ na-abụ abụ mbunobi megidere ndị Irish.  

## nnabata
Gerald Nabarro toro ọrụ Cummings.  Na ndị ndu ndụ ya, NAB 1: Eserese nke onye isi ndị, Nabarro akara Cummings dị ka "nnukwu onye na-ese ihe" nke "na- egosi vivacity na-egosi na ngwaọrụ ndị soja ọkụ na-egosi."  [1] N'ime ndị na-ese foto ibe ya, "Vicky" Chesmming Cummings, na-azọrọ - dị ka onye nta James Cameron si kwuo - na "ọ bụ naanị ya bụ nwoke nwere ikike iche na Post Office nib.  ": "Ọ ledakwara ụkwụ ụkwụ ụkwụ ya anya na kwuru na ọ bụ ihe nkesa oge" 

## Nkwanye ugwu

* 1983 - Onye isi nke Order nke Alaeze Ukwu Britain

## Ihe ndetu

## Ntụaka

* *Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nke akụkọ ndụ obodo* ( Oxford University Press, 2004)
* Cummings na Oxford DNB (subscription required)

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nchekwa ihe nkiri Britain nwere nchekwa data nke ihe karịrị eserese 4,000 sitere na Cummings