Warren M. Robbins

thumb| Udi nke Warren M. Robbins n'ebe a na-eli ozu Congressional
**Warren Murray Robbins** (Septemba 4, 1923 - Disemba 4, 2008) bụ onye nchịkọta nka America, onye nchịkọta nka nke Africa butere nguzobe National Museum of African Art na Smithsonian Institution .

A mụrụ Robbins na Worcester, Massachusetts, na Septemba 4, 1923, nye ndị Juu si Ukraine kwabatara. Ọ gara Mahadum New Hampshire ebe ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ na Bekee na 1945. Enyere ya nzere masta site na Mahadum Michigan na 1949, na-amụba akụkọ ihe mere eme. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na kọleji, ọ kụziri nwa obere oge na Nurnberg American High School  wee bụrụ onye ọrụ na-ahụ maka ọdịbendị na Ngalaba Ọchịchị . 

Mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka omenala maka Ngalaba Ọchịchị na United States Embassy na Bonn, ọ na-eje ije n'okporo ámá Hamburg na njedebe 1950s ma ọ bụ mmalite 1960 na onye omebe iwu United States SI Hayakawa n'ọdịnihu mgbe ọ banyere n'ime ụlọ ahịa ihe ochie wee nọrọ $15. n'elu osisi a kpụrụ akpụ nke nwoke na nwanyị, ọrụ ndị Yoruba nke Naijiria .   Laa azụ na Hamburg otu afọ ka e mesịrị, o mefuru $1,000 na masks Africa 32, textiles na ndị ọzọ n'ụlọ ahịa dị iche.  

N'ịlaghachi na United States, Robbins zụtara ụlọ na Washington, DC bụ nke o ji ihe iri atọ na atọ ahụ o si Europe welata, chọọ ụlọ ndị ahụ mma osisi na-ekpo ọkụ iji kpalie ọhịa Africa. Mgbe e bipụtara otu isiokwu banyere nchịkọta ya na *Washington Post*, ọ kpọrọ ndị ọbịa na-achọsi ike bụ ndị malitere ịpụta n'ọnụ ụzọ ya ka ha lee anya.  O kere ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie a na okpuru ulo ya dịka akụkụ nke mbọ iji kwalite nkwurịta okwu omenala n'oge Civil Rights Movement .  Robbins enweghị mgbagha n'ihu mkpesa na ọ bụ onye ọcha na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ ngosi ihe ngosi nka nke Africa, na-ekwupụta na "Anaghị m arịọ mgbaghara maka ịbụ onye ọcha. Ọ dịghị mkpa ka ị bụrụ onye China iji nwee ekele maka ceramics oge ochie, ma ị chọghị ga-abụ azụ ka ọ bụrụ ichthyologist ." 

O hibere mmalite nke ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na nso Capitol Hill na 1963, na-ebuli $13,000 wee nara nnyefe ịzụta maka $35,000 ọkara nke ụlọ na 316-18 A Street Northeast nke bụbu ebe obibi nke onye mkpochapụ Frederick Douglass site na 1871 ruo 1877   Mgbe ọ mepere na Mee 1964, ọ bụ ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie mbụ dị na United States nke a raara nye maka nka Africa naanị. E hiwere Frederick Douglass Institute of Negro Arts and History na 1966.  Na mgbakwunye na mkpokọta Robbins dị ugbu a, ụlọ ihe ngosi nka gosikwara ihe agbaziri n'aka onye na-ese foto magazin *Life* Eliot Elisofon na ihe mbinye ego sitere na Mahadum Pennsylvania Museum .  

N'afọ ndị sochirinụ, Robbins welitere ego iji nweta ọkara nke fọdụrụ n'ụlọ Douglass, na-akpọ ya Museum of African Art. Ka mkpokọta ahụ na-etolite, ọ zụtara ebe obibi ndị dị n'akụkụ, yana ebe ngosi nka ya n'ikpeazụ gụnyere ụlọ ime obodo itoolu, ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala 16 na ụlọ ibu abụọ. 

Nleta mbụ ọ gara Africa bụ n'afọ 1973, n'oge a, mkpokọta ihe ngosi nka nke ụlọ ihe ngosi nka amụbaala ruo iberibe 5,000 yana ndị ọrụ 20. Ndị Robbins ewepụtala ego iji zụta ihe ngosi ajị agba a na-akpọ Afo-A-Kom, nke ndị Kom dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Africa weere dị ka ihe dị nsọ n'otu obodo nta dị n'elu ugwu dị na Cameroon na 1966. N'iweghachite ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ, Nsom Nggue, bụ eze ndị Kom mgbe ahụ nabatara Robbins, ndị nwoke na ndị nwanyị yi uwe ebo kelere. 

Robbins kwadoro ndị enyi ya na Congress ka ha mee ka Smithsonian Institution were nchịkwa nke mkpokọta ahụ, nke mere na 1979.   Ọ bụ onye nduzi mbụ nke ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie, na-anọ n'ọnọdụ ahụ ruo 1983 mgbe a kpọrọ ya onye nhazi ntọala emeritus na onye ọkà mmụta sayensị Smithsonian, ma dochie anya Sylvia H. Williams dịka onye nduzi.  E bugara ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie ahụ na National Mall na 1987 wee nyegharịa ya National Museum of African Art. Ka ọ na-erule oge ọnwụ ya na 2008, Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka gụnyere ihe karịrị puku ihe itoolu sitere n'Africa, gụnyere isi isi, ite, ihe mgbakwasa ọla kọpa, ngwá egwú, nkata, na ihe mmemme, yana ihe karịrị 30 puku mpịakọta na nkà, omenala Africa. na akụkọ ihe mere eme. 

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Warren M. Robbins na ntọala nke National Museum of African Art