Lucy Mingo

**Lucy Marie (Young) Mingo** (amụrụ 1931) bụ onye America na-eme ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi na onye otu Gee's Bend Collective si Gee's Bend (Boykin), Alabama . Ọ bụ onye mbụ so na Freedom Quilting Bee, nke bụ ụlọ ọrụ akụ na ụba ọzọ emebere na 1966 iji bulie ọnọdụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze na ndị America America na Alabama. Ọ sokwa na otu ụmụ amaala so Martin Luther King Jr. na njem ya na 1965 site na Selma ruo Montgomery, Alabama .

Mingo bụ onye nnata nke 2015 National Heritage Fellowship nyere site na National Endowment for Arts, nke bụ nsọpụrụ kachasị elu na ndị mmadụ na nkà omenala na United States. 

## Ndụ mbido
A mụrụ Lucy Young na 1931 na Rehoboth, Alabama, nke dị nso na Gee's Bend nye Ethel na Earl Young.  Aha otutu ya bu "Toot".  Nna ya bụ onye na-eketa òkè nke rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye ogologo mmiri na Mobile, Alabama nke chọrọ ka ọ ghara ịnọ n'ezinụlọ ruo ogologo oge. Lucy na ụmụnne ya na-arụ ọrụ n'ubi na-akụ ọka, peas, poteto, ahụekere, na owu ref name="souls">iji kpata ihe e ji ebi ndụ. 

Mingo gara ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị Boykin, ma mgbe ọ dị afọ 13, e zigara ya na Allen Institute na Mobile. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Allen, ọ laghachiri na Boykin wee lụọ David Mingo na 1949, mgbe ọ dị afọ 17.  Ya na David nwere ụmụ iri, asaa n'ime ha bụ ụmụ nwanyị mana ọ bụ naanị otu n'ime ụmụ ya (Polly) quilts. 

Ọ bụ ọgbọ nke anọ, nne ya, nne nne ya, na ezigbo enyi ezinụlọ ya niile na-akpali ya ma na-akụziri ya nkà ha. Ọ kpara akwa mkpuchi mbụ ya mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na anọ.

## Ọrụ

### Ịrụ ọrụ na-enweghị mkpuchi
Mgbe ọ lụchara, Mingo laghachiri n'ọrụ ugbo wee nọgide n'ebe ahụ ruo 1965. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka osi nri na cafeteria ụlọ akwụkwọ afọ iri, ma a chụrụ ya n'ọrụ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Selma otu afọ, wee nweta ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi ụlọ maka ọrụ ndọtị Mahadum Auburn ihe karịrị afọ 20, na-akụziri ndị mmadụ ka esi esi nri, ike, na ifriizi.   Ọ lara ezumike nká mgbe ọ dị afọ 69, mgbe nne ya dara ọrịa. 

### Freedom Quilting Bee
Mingo bụ onye tọrọ ntọala nke Freedom Quilting Bee (FQB),   nke malitere n'oge Civil Rights Movement . A na-ere ihe mkpuchi ha n'ofe United States wee weghachi ego a na-achọsi ike na akụ na ụba Gee's Bend. Mingo nwere aha ọma n'ime Bee dị ka onye nkuzi mara mma, otu n'ime ọkachamara ya bụ "Chestnut Bud" nke nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme miri emi na Wilcox County, Alabama, mana n'oge ahụ Mingo kwuru na ọ bụ naanị ya bụ onye FQB. onye maara otú e si eme akwa mkpuchi ahụ, ya mere ọ kụziiri ndị òtù ibe ya nkọwa nke ụkpụrụ ahụ.  A na-ere abụọ n'ime Mingo oji na-acha ọcha Chestnut Buds site na Bee na onye nchịkọta akụkọ *magazin Vogue* Diana Vreeland . Estelle Witherspoon, onye njikwa mbụ nke Bee, na Mingo duuru otu nwanyị iri na abụọ nke mepụtara Chestnut Bud quilt, mkpuchi sofa, na drapes maka onye isi oche CBS William S. Paley na nwunye ya. 

### Gee's Bend mkpokọta
thumb| Mingo mere akwa mkpuchi a na 1979. Ọ na-agụnye ihe mgbochi oghere itoolu nke iberi gbakọrọ gburugburu. Mkpokọta Bill Volckening, Portland, Oregon.
Mingo quilted dị ka onye otu ma Freedom Quilting Bee na Gee's Bend Collective, bụ ndị nwere ọrụ akụ na ụba yiri nke ahụ na ụfọdụ ndị otu na-ejikọta ọnụ. Otú ọ dị, FQB chọrọ ka ndị na-emepụta ihe na-eji usoro nhazi eme ihe iji mee ka quilts dịkwuo mma, ebe a na-ahapụ ndị otu mkpokọta nnwere onwe nka n'ichepụta na igbu ha. Ọrụ na nka nke mkpokọta nwetara nlebara anya mba na 2002 mgbe ihe ngosi nke iri asaa nke quilts ụmụ nwanyị gbakọtara site n'aka onye na-anakọta nka nka na onye ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme William Arnett na Tinwood Alliance ya na The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston . Ihe ngosi a kpọrọ " The Quilts of Gee's Bend " gara n'ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie iri ndị ọzọ na mba ahụ, gụnyere Whitney Museum of American Art na New York. Otu akụkọ banyere ihe ngosi Whitney na *The New York Times* wetara ọbụna nlebara anya mba na nka nke Gee's Bend quilts, mgbe onye nyocha dere na quilts "na-aghọ ụfọdụ ọrụ ebube nke nkà ọgbara ọhụrụ America mepụtara." . 

Onyinye Mingo na ihe ngosi 2002 bụ na mpaghara "uwe ọrụ" ghọrọ ihe mkpuchi. N'oge ọ bụ nwata, Mingo na-ejikarị denim ochie na uwe elu owu na-eyi mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ ubi dị ka ihe maka ihe mkpuchi ya. Mingo kwuru banyere ihe mkpuchi ndị a, "Ị maara, anyị nwere oge siri ike. Anyị na-arụ ọrụ n'ubi, anyị na-ewere owu, na mgbe ụfọdụ anyị na-enwe ya ma mgbe ụfọdụ anyị anaghị eme ya. Ya mere, ị na-ele anya n'úkwù gị wee sị 'Nke a bụ ụfọdụ n’ime uwe ochie m yi n’ubi ka m na-eyiri ha, ma ha ka na-eme nke ọma. " 

Nlebara anya na otuto ndị otu Gee's Bend Collective nwetara n'aka ụwa nka ka ihe ngosi 2002 mere njem na mba ahụ tụrụ ha n'anya. Mingo kwuru "Mgbe anyị na-ahụ ihe mkpuchi anyị na ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie, ọ na-eju anyị anya. Ọ dịghị mgbe anyị chere na quilts ga-erute ebe ahụ."  Mingo kwukwara banyere mmetụta nke ihe ngosi ahụ: "Ee, ha na-ekwu banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme n'ihi na quilts anọwo ebe a mgbe niile. Ma n'ụzọ ọzọ, ndị a quilts dị nnọọ ghọrọ akụkọ ihe mere eme n'ihi na tupu ha ezoro ezo n'ime kaboodu na na n'ebe a. akwa akwa mgbe ị na-ewepụ ha, ha na-aghọ akụkọ ihe mere eme, ndị mmadụ anaghị etinye uche ugbu a, onye ọ bụla chọrọ ịhụ ihe ị na-eme. 

N'ịgbaso ihe ịga nke ọma nke ihe ngosi 2002, a na-ewekarị Mingo ka ọ bụrụ onye nkuzi na-eduga n'ihe omume n'ofe United States.  Na mgbakwunye, ọnụ ahịa maka quilts ya mụbara nke ukwuu. Tupu ịrụ ọrụ na Freedom Quilting Bee, quilts Mingo ga-ere ihe dịka $5.00. Akwụkwọ njirimara quilting 2008 na akwụkwọ ọnụahịa gụnyere Mingo quilt mere na 2004 bara uru na "karịa $5,000". 

Na 2006, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston na Tinwood Alliance kwalitere ihe ngosi nke abụọ akpọrọ "Gee's Bend: The Architecture of the Quilt" nke gụnyere ọrụ Mingo. Njem njem ihe ngosi ahụ gụnyere ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie asatọ na United States niile. 

Mingo bụ otu n'ime ihe abụọ Gee's Bend Collective quiltmakers pụtara na mmemme 2014 akpọrọ "Industry" nke usoro ihe onyonyo PBS *Craft na America* . 

N'afọ 2014, a kọrọ na n'ihi na ọ karịrị afọ 80, Mingo adịkarịghị eme akwa mkpuchi ọhụrụ.  Mana a ka na-etinye ihe ngosi ya na ihe ngosi, gụnyere 2017 Outsider Art Fair nke emere na New York City.  Na May 2018, Mingo gara New York City ịga mmeghe nke ihe ngosi na Metropolitan Museum of Art nke isiokwu ya bụ "History jụrụ ịnwụ: Isi ihe sitere na Souls Grown Deep Foundation" nke gụnyere ụfọdụ n'ime Mingo's quilts, yana ndị ọzọ sitere na. mkpokọta Gee's Bend. 

## Ihe ngosi
Agụnyela quilts Mingo na ihe ngosi ngosi nka na ihe ngosi nka na United States niile, gụnyere:   
 

## Ihe nrite na nkwanye ugwu

* Onyinye nkuzi nkuzi nke Folk Arts sitere na Alabama State Council on Arts (2006) 
* Mmekọrịta ihe nketa nke mba sitere na onyinye nka nke mba (2015) 

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

*  Includes a short chapter on Mingo, and a color photograph of the 1966 Chestnut Bud quilt in Diana Vreeland's New York City apartment.
*   Television documentary about the history of Gee's Bend and its quilters.
*  A book about self-taught black artists that includes an excerpt about Mingo's work.

## Ntụaka
 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Vidiyo na ọdịyo nke Mingo na egwu egwu mmekọ nke National Heritage, 2015
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations