Proinsias Mac Aonghusa

**Proinsias Mac Aonghusa** (English&#x2D;-ignore="true">: ; 23 June 1933 - 28 September 2003) bụ onye nta akụkọ Irish, onye edemede, onye na-eme ihe ngosi TV na onye na-agba mbọ. A mụrụ ya n'ezinụlọ na-asụ Asụsụ Irish, Mac Aonghusa ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị mgbasa ozi asụsụ Irish na ndị nta akụkọ a ma ama na narị afọ nke 20,  na-apụta dị ka onye na-egosi mmemme asụsụ Irish maka RTÉ, UTV na BBC yana dị ka onye nta akụkọ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ụlọ na mba ụwa. N'ịbụ onye ndị enyi ezinụlọ Peadar O'Donnell na Máirtín Ó Cadhain tinyere ndị mụrụ ya na-etolite, Mac Aonghusa gbasoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Irish republican na nke socialist dị ka okenye ma tinye aka nke ukwuu na Labour Party n'afọ ndị 1960, n'otu oge na-eje ozi dị ka osote onyeisi oche ya. Otú ọ dị, itinye aka Mac Aonghusa na nkewa na esemokwu n'ime mere ka a chụpụ ya na 1967. Mgbe Arms Crisis nke 1970, Mac Aonghusa ghọrọ onye na-akwado Charles Haughey, mmekọrịta nke mesịrị baara Mac Aongrusa uru nke ukwuu mgbe Haughey nwetara ikike Fianna Fáil na 1980s wee họpụta Mac AongHusa n'ọtụtụ ọkwa steeti. Onye edemede na-emepụta ihe n'oge ndụ ya niile, Mac Aonghusa nọgidere na-ebipụta akwụkwọ ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ.

## Akụkọ ndụ

### Oge ọ malitere
áká_èkpè|thumb|296x296px|ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke enyi ezinụlọ Peadar O'Donnell nwere mmetụta na Mac Aonghusa na-etolite
 mụrụ ya na Salthill, Galway, County Galway na 1933, Mac Aonghusa bụ nwa Criostóir Mac AongHusa, onye edemede na onye na-ahụ maka asụsụ Irish, na Mairéad Ní Lupain (De Lappe), onye nọọsụ na onye na'asụsụ Irish. Onye okenye n'ime ụmụnne anọ, Mac Aonghusa tolitere na-asụ Irish dị ka asụsụ mbụ ya ma kwuo na ọ mụtaghị Bekee ruo mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na otu. Ndị nne  nna Mac Aonghusa bụ ndị Irish republican na-akwado Fianna Fáil (nna ya n'otu oge bụ onye kansụl Fianna Fhail) [1] ma soro Máirtín Ó Cadhain na Peadar O"Donnell nwee otu echiche.

Nne na nna Mac Aonghusa kewara mgbe ọ dị afọ iri; nne ya kpọọrọ ụmụnne ya gaa Dublin ebe Mac Aongrusa na nna ya nọgidere na Rosmuc, obodo dịpụrụ adịpụ na akụkụ nke Galway Gaeltacht. Dị ka onye nọ n'afọ iri na ụma, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Coláiste Iognáid (nke a makwaara dị ka St. Ignatius College), ụlọ akwụkwọ na-asụ asụsụ abụọ na Galway City . 

### Ọrụ mgbasa ozi na ọrụ odeakụkọ
Mgbe ọ hapụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ, Mac Aonghusa rụrụ ọrụ mbụ dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri na Abbey Theatre na Dublin, na-eme na mmepụta asụsụ Irish. N'afọ 1952, Mac Aonghusa sonyere na Redio Éireann, nke mbụ dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri mana mgbe e mesịrị dị ka onye edemede nke akụkọ mkpirikpi tupu ọ gaa n'ihu ịghọ onye na-agụ akụkọ, onye na-egosi na onye na-agba ajụjụ ọnụ. Ka Mac Aonghusa na-aga n'ihu n'ọrụ ya, ọ ga-arụ ọrụ na RTÉ, UTV na telivishọn BBC site na afọ 1960. N'afọ 1962, Mac Aonghusa malitere igosi "An Fear agus An Sceal" (The Man & his Story) na telivishọn RTÉ, ihe ngosi asụsụ Irish nke hụrụ Mac AongHusa na-agba onye ọbịa dị iche iche ajụjụ ọnụ banyere ndụ ha n'ihe omume ọ bụla. 'otu afọ ahụ, Mac Aonghusa ga-emeri Jacob's Award for An Fear agus an Sceal, nke ọ nọgidere na-akwado ruo 1964.

Na mgbakwunye na ịdọta onyinye, An Fear agus an Sceal wetakwara esemokwu; ajụjụ ọnụ abụọ, otu na Máirtín Ó Cadhain, otu na Con Lehane, ha abụọ katọrọ usoro gọọmentị Fianna Fáil mere n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ iji gbochie ma tụọ ndị Irish Republican mkpọrọ. Na nzaghachi, gọọmentị Fianna Fáil tinyere aka na RTÉ ma emeghị ihe omume ndị ahụ. Nke a abụghị naanị Mac Aonghusa na gọọmentị Fianna Fáil; mgbe Mac Aongrusa dekọrọ mmemme nke ọ na-enyo enyo ịdị irè nke usoro nchebe obodo nke Ireland n'ihu agha nuklia, mgbe ahụ Minista na-ahụ maka nchekwa Kevin Boland mere ka ihe omume ahụ kwụsị. Mac Aonghusa zutere ọchịchị Fianna Fáil ọzọ mgbe ọ katọrọ pati ahụ na kọlụm asịrị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya na Sunday Independent, Minista Ọrụ Ugbo Neil Blaney hụrụ na a tụfuru kọlụm ahụ. Mac Aonghusa egbochighị ma laghachi n'amaghị aha ya dị ka "Gulliver" na Sunday Press na kọlụm asịrị na peeji azụ nke The Hibernia Magazine . 

Ọkara ikpeazụ nke ọrụ mgbasa ozi Mac Aonghusa nke 1960s / 70s jikọtara ya na ihe omume asụsụ Irish ugbu a na-egosi Palestine, nke ọ gosipụtara ma dezie. Mac Aonghusa gbara arụkwaghịm  Paris na 1972 mgbe ya na onye mgbasa ozi na onye na-akọwa ihe Eoghan Harris nwere esemokwu siri ike.

### Mgbalị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ọrụ
N'ịbụ onye O'Donnell na Ó Cadhain nwere mmetụta n'oge ọ bụ nwata, Mac Aonghusa gbakwara mbọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke aka ekpe dị ka okenye. 'afọ 1958, Mac Aonghusa ghọrọ, ya na David Thornley, Noel Browne, Owen Sheehy-Skeffington, na Desmond Ryan, onye otu "1913 Club", otu nke chọrọ ime ka echiche nke ịhụ mba n'anya na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya dị n'otu.

N'afọ 1959, Mac Aonghusa dere usoro isiokwu isii maka Irish Times ebe ọ na-emegide atụmatụ gọọmentị Fianna Fáil iji kpochapụ otu vootu a na-ebufe na Ireland iji kwado vootu mbụ gafere. Mac Aonghusa kwuru  ịtụ vootu nke mbụ nyere ndị isi otu mmetụta dị ukwuu, ebe nnọchiteanya ruru eru nyere ọbụna obere nnọchiteanya, na-egbochi ha iche na steeti dị ka ndị na-ahụ mba n'anya na Northern Ireland. Na ntuli aka e mere n'okwu a na 17 June 1959, ndị na-eme ntụli aka jụrụ nke mbụ gafere ntuli aka site na 2%. Fianna Fáil ga-anwa iwepu nnọchiteanya ruru eru ọzọ na ngwụcha afọ 60, mgbe Mac Aonghusa tụbara onwe ya ọzọ n'ọgụ ahụ, na-eduga otu a na-akpọ "Citizens for PR". Na ntuli aka nke afọ 1968, ndị na-eme ntụli aka ji ihe karịrị pasent 20 jụ usoro post mbụ gafere. Mac Aonghusa -emesị cheta na nkwado ya maka nnọchite anya ruru eru bụ ihe kachasị ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.

#### Onye otu Labour Party
thumb|265x265px|N'oge ha nọ n'òtù Labour, Mac Aonghusa na nwunye ya Catherine ghọrọ ndị na-akwado Brendan Corish
N'afọ ndị 1960 ma Mac Aonghusa na nwunye ya sonyeere alaka Sean Connolly nke Labour Party na Dublin. Alaka ahụ emeela ka a mara ya dị ka ebe ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi chọrọ alaka maka onwe ha pụọ n'ọtụtụ alaka ndị ọzọ nke ndị otu ọrụ na-achịkwa. Alaka ahụ bịara na-akwado iwu ndị na-akwado ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya (ihe ndị otu Labour na-ezere na Ireland) jikọtara ya na mkpọsa ndị na-eme n'ala. Site  Sean Connolly Branch, ma Mac Aonghusa na nwunye ya malitere inwe mmetụta dị ukwuu n'ebe onye ndú nke otu Labour Brendan Corish nọ.

Na Ntuli aka nke afọ 1965 na Ireland, Mac Aonghusa guzoro n'aha ndị otu Labour na Mpaghara Louth, mana a họpụtabeghị ya. N'afọ 1966, Mac Aonghusa bipụtara akwụkwọ okwu nke Corish, okwu ndị ahụ n'onwe ha bụ nke nwunye ya Catherine dere. Mmalite nke akwụkwọ ahụ kwupụtara na Corish mepụtara "akara nke ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya ... gbasaa site na ahụmịhe ma wuo ya na mgbọrọgwụ Irish-Ireland" ma kpochapụ ndị otu ahụ "na-eme ihe ọ bụla", si otú a ghọọ "onye ndu ọrụ mbụ a na-akwanyere ùgwù na Ireland". Ọ bụ n'otu oge a ka e buliri Mac Aonghusa ka ọ bụrụ osote onyeisi oche nke pati ahụ. Dị ka osote onye isi oche, Mac Aonghusa gbalịrị ịkatọ Corish ka ọ nọrọ na Ntuli aka onye isi ala nke Ireland na 1966. Mgbe o mere nke a, ọ kwadoro Tom O'Higgins nke Fine Gael (nke a na-ewere na ọ nọ n'aka ekpe nke pati ahụ) na mgbalị ya maka ọkwa onye isi ala. 'Higgins bịara n'ime 0.5% nke ịkụ onye nọ n'ọkwa ahụ, onye agadi Éamon de Valera.

Ọ bụ n'otu oge a ka Mac Aonghusa malitere ịrụsi ọrụ ike na Wolfe Tone Society; otu ndị Republican jikọtara ya na Sinn Féin. Mac Aonghusa tụrụ aro na ndị Republican nwere "echiche na-aga n'ihu" kwesịrị isonyere ndị otu Labour. N'afọ 1966, ya na Máirtín Ó Cadhain na ndị ọzọ na-eme ngagharị iwe, Mac Aonghusa mere ngagharị iwe ma mebie Language Freedom Movement, otu na-achọ iwepụ Irish iwu na usoro agụmakwụkwọ. 'ihi nke a, a katọrọ Mac Aonghusa na ndị enyi ya dị ka ndị na-eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi, ebe Mac Aongrusa kwusiri ike na ndị na-emegide asụsụ Irish bụ "ndị ohu" na-erughị eru.

##### Nkwado nke Labour Youth League na nchụpụ
Nlelị Mac Aonghusa na-emeghe maka ndị na-agbaso omenala na ndị otu ọrụ nke Labour, yana mmata ya na-emegide echiche nke ndị Republican na ọchịchọ ime nkwupụta na iwu Labour n'ebughị ụzọ jụọ usoro nke pati ahụ, wetara ya ọtụtụ ndị iro n'ime. E mere mgbalị ịkatọ Mac Aonghusa maka ịkwado òtù ndị ọrụ na-ekewapụ onwe ha, mana o nwere ike ịlanarị nke a. N'afọ 1966, Mac Aonghusa gbara ume ka e guzobe Young Labour League, Òtù Ndị Ntorobịa na-abụghị nke gọọmentị nke otu ahụ nke Brian Og O'Higgins, nwa onye bụbu onye isi oche Sinn Féin bụ Brian O'Huggins, duziri. N'ịgbaso ọnọdụ Mac Aonghusa, Njikọ Ndị Ntorobịa bụ ndị na-akwado Corish bụ ndị na'ihu ọha nupụụrụ isi megide echiche nke osote onye isi Labour bụ James Tully. Mgbe òtù ndị ntorobịa ahụ malitere ibipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ nke ha kwa izu, kansụl nchịkwa nke Labour katọrọ ya mgbe ha chọtara ihe "na-eme ihe ike" na-akatọ Tully na ndị ọzọ na-achọghị mgbanwe. Nnyocha e mere n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ mere ka Mac Aonghusa kweta na ọ kwadoro ya ma dee ụfọdụ n'ime ọdịnaya ya, mana ọ bụghị ihe na-emegide Tully. Mgbe Mac Aonghusa jụrụ imekọ ihe ọnụ  nyocha ndị ọzọ n'okwu ahụ, a chụpụrụ ya na 12 Jenụwarị 1967 maka "ọrụ na-emerụ ahụ" na pati ahụ. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, Mac Aonghusa gosipụtara onwe ya dị ka onye nwụrụ n'ihi okwukwe ya nke aka ekpe nke "Star chamber" nke aka nri kpochapụrụ, usoro nke mere ka ọ nwee ọmịiko. Ka o sina dị, a kwadoro nchụpụ ya na nzukọ nke October 1967, n'agbanyeghị otu arịrịọ ikpeazụ. Nwunye  Catherine hapụrụ nnọkọ ahụ n'akụkụ ya.

### Ịlaghachi n'ọrụ odeakụkọ, ide
thumb|267x267px|Mgbe Agha Agha gasịrị, Mac Aonghusa ghọrọ onye na-akwado Charles Haughey ogologo oge
Mgbe a chụpụrụ ya na Labour, Mac Aonghusa gosipụtara mmasị na ngalaba ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya nke Fine Gael, nke na-etolite n'okpuru Declan Costello kemgbe etiti afọ 1960. Otú ọ dị, ọ sonyeghị n'òtù ahụ kama ọ gbara ọsọ dị ka onye nweere onwe ya na ntuli aka 1969 na Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown.   na-ahọpụtaghị ya n'ebe ahụ, ọ malitere ilekwasị anya na mweghachi nke asụsụ Irish na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mba karịa ka a họpụta ya n'onwe ya.

Mgbe Nsogbu ahụ malitere, Mac Aonghusa kwadoro Sinn Féin na mbụ, mana ka ọ na-erule afọ 1972 ọ bịara iwe iwe ha ma, site na Ned Stapleton Cumann, mmetụta nzuzo ha na RTÉ. N'oge Arms Crisis na 1970, Mac Aonghusa kwadoro Charles Haughey na Neil Blaney, bụ ndị a na-ebo ebubo na ha na-ahazi inye ndị Provisional IRA ngwá agha, na peeji nke New Statesman na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị ọzọ. 'oge a, Mac Aonghusa dọrọ ndị nchịkọta aka na ntị ka ha ghara ibipụta ihe ya na Republic of Ireland n'ihi na a machibidoro ya iwu, n'ezie, e mere mgbalị ndị ọrụ iji gbochie nnyefe nke akụkọ telexed ya.

N'agbanyeghị nkatọ siri ike ọ katọrọ Fianna Fáil na mbụ, nkwado Mac Aonghusa maka Haughey dugara n'ịbụenyi n'etiti ndị ikom abụọ ahụ nke mere ka Mac AongHusa bụrụ otu n'ime ndị na-agbachiter> na-ebo kọlụm Mac Aonghusa na Sunday Press na akwụkwọ akụkọ asụsụ Irish ebubo na ha na-agbadata n'ime onwe ha na-agbachitere Haughey.

N'ime afọ ndị 1970, Mac Aonghusa dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ na-ekpuchi ndị dị mkpa na Irish republicanism; n'usoro, o wepụtara akwụkwọ gbasara James Connolly, Patrick Pearse, Wolfe Tone na Éamon de Valera. N'ọrụ ya na De Valera, Mac Aonghusa mesiri ike ihe ọ ghọtara dị ka akụkụ ndị siri ike nke onye guzobere Fianna Fáil. N'afọ 1974 na 1975, Mac Aonghusa rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nnọchi anya pụrụ iche nke United Nations na mpaghara Southern Africa na Seán MacBride, ebe ha tinyere aka na South African Border War,  na n'oge ahụ Mac AongHusa tinyere aka n'ịtọlite ụlọ ọrụ redio na Namibia, jikọtara ya na SWAPO nationalist party. 

N'afọ ndị 1980, Haughey họpụtara Mac Aonghusa ugboro abụọ na Kansụl nka yana ịhọpụta ya onye isi oche nke Bord na Gaeilge (1989 ruo 1993). Nke  bụ nsogbu ebe Mac Aonghusa bụ onye isi oche nke Conradh na Gaeilge; ịbụ onye isi nke isi ndị na-akwado asụsụ Irish yana ụlọ ọrụ steeti na-ahụ maka asụsụ Irish nwere esemokwu doro anya. 'afọ 1991, mgbe Haughey kwupụtara na gọọmentị ga-akwado ịmepụta ụlọ ọrụ telivishọn asụsụ Irish (nke a malitere na 1996 dị ka Teilifís na Gaeilge), Mac Aonghusa nwere obi ụtọ tụrụ aro na a ga-echeta Haughey n'etiti ezinụlọ ndị Gael ma ọ bụrụhaala na mba Gaelic ga-adị ndụ".

'afọ 1992, a kpọrọ Mac Aonghusa ka ọ pụọ na Bord na Gaeilge mgbe o kwupụtara na "onye ọ bụla a na-akwanyere ùgwù na West Belfast kwesịrị ịtụ vootu maka Sinn Féin Gerry Adams karịa onye SDLP Joe Hendron na 1992 UK general election dị ka Mac AongHusa weere mmeri maka Adams "mmeri maka British imperialism". Ka o sina dị, Mac Aonghusa dụrụ ndị na-eme ntụli aka na South Down ọdụ ka ha họpụta Eddie McGrady nke SDLP karịa Sinn Féin. Mac Aonghusa katọrọ ndị -akatọ ya na Conradh Gaeilge na árdfheis n'afọ ahụ, na-ekwupụta na "uche nke ohu, nke slíomadóir, nke hireling na onye na-agagharị agagharị ka na-achịkwa na Ireland".

Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 1995, Mac Aonghusa nọgidere na-akpọ onwe ya onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. N'okwu mmalite nke akwụkwọ o dere banyere James Connolly ọ wepụtara n'afọ ahụ, Mac Aonghusa kwuru na
 
Otú ọ dị, na-eburu n'uche ọdịda nke Soviet Union n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, Mac Aonghusa kwupụtara na ọchịchị Stalinist nke Eastern Europe abụghị nke ndị otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ma kwuo na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya nke Scandinavia (Ihe nlereanya Nordic), bụ ihe James Connolly chepụtara dị ka ọha mmadụ na-achọsi ike. 'otu ederede ahụ, Mac Aonghusa boro usoro agụmakwụkwọ Irish nakwa ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi Ireland ebubo na ha na-emebi echiche Connolly banyere ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na ịhụ mba n'anya.

Mac Aonghusa lụrụ ọgụ site na ọrịa n'afọ ndị ikpeazụ ya mana ọ nọgidere na-enwe ike ịga n'ihu na-ede ọtụtụ akwụkwọ. Akwụkwọ ikpeazụ ya, *Súil Tharam* na 2001, bịara naanị afọ abụọ tupu ọnwụ ya na 2003. 

## Ndụ onwe onye
Na 1955 Mac Aonghusa lụrụ Catherine Ellis, onye otu Chọọchị nke Ireland si Belfast; maka aha alụmdi na nwunye ya, Catherine họọrọ iji "McGuinness", asụsụ Bekee nke Mac AongHusa. Catherine McGuinness ga-aga n'ihu ịghọ Senator na onye ọka ikpe nke Ụlọikpe Mpaghara, Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu na Ụlọikpe Kasụ Elu n'oge ọrụ iwu ya. Ha ga-amụ ụmụ atọ.

## Akwụkwọ

* *Súil Tharam* (An Clóchomhar, 2001) 
* *Oireachtas na Gaeilge 1897-1997* (Conradh na Gaeilge, 1997) 
* *Daithí Ó hUaithne: Cuimhní Cairde* (An Clóchomhar 1994) (nke ya na Tomás de Bhaldraithe dezigharịrị) 
* *Ar Son na Gaeilge - Conradh na Gaeilge 1893-1993* (Conradh na Gaeilge, 1993) 
* *Ros Muc agus Cogadh na Saoirse* (Conradh na Gaeilge, 1992) 
* *Ón gCrannóg* (An Clóchomhar, 1991) 
* *Gaillimh agus Aistí Eile* (An Clóchomhar, 1983) 
* *Éamon de Valera - Na Blianta Réabhlóideacha* (An Clóchomhar, 1982) 
* *Aeriris* (An Clóchomhar, 1976) 
* *Ihe Connolly kwuru* (1995) 
* The Best of Tone (1976) 
* The Best of Pearse (1972) 
* The Best of Connolly (1967) (nke ya na Liam Ó Réagáin dezigharịrị) 
* Corish Speaks (1967) (nchịkọta okwu nke Brendan Corish, nke Proinsias Mac Aonghusa dezigharịrị ma webata
* *Nnọchiteanya ruru eru na Ireland* (1959).

## Edensibia
kwupụtara na Corish mepụtara "akara nke ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya ... gbasaa site na ahụmịhe ma wuo ya na mgbọrọgwụ Irish-Ireland" ma kpochapụ ndị otu ahụ "na-eme ihe ọ bụla", si otú a ghọọ "onye ndu ọrụ mbụ a na-akwanyere ùgwù na Ireland". Ọ bụ n'otu oge a ka e buliri Mac Aonghusa ka ọ bụrụ osote onyeisi oche nke pati ahụ. Dị ka osote onye isi oche, Mac Aonghusa gbalịrị ịkatọ Corish ka ọ nọrọ na Ntuli aka onye isi ala nkekwupụtara na Corish mepụtara "akara nke ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya ... gbasaa site na ahụmịhe ma wuo ya na mgbọrọgwụ Irish-Ireland" ma kpochapụ ndị otu ahụ "na-eme ihe ọ bụla", si otú a ghọọ "onye ndu ọrụ mbụ a na-akwanyere ùgwù na Ireland". Ọ bụ n'otu oge a ka e buliri Mac Aonghusa ka ọ bụrụ osote onyeisi oche nke pati ahụ. Dị ka osote onye isi oche, Mac Aonghusa gbalịrị ịkatọ Corish ka ọ nọrọ na Ntuli aka onye isi ala nke
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations