Minnie Evans

Minnie Eva Evans (December 12, 1892 - Disemba 16, 1987) [1] [2] bụ onye omenkà Africa nke ọrụ na United States site na 1940 ruo 1980s.  [1] Evans ji ụdị mgbasa ozi dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ ya dị ka ọdịdị na graphite, mana ọ akụkọ site na iji wax na crayon .  [1] A wiwa ya iso ịbịaru n'ihi ihe na nrọ nke o nwere n'oge ndụ ya niile, ákwà mgbe ọ bụ nwa anya.  [1] A mara ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe n'ebe ndiida na onye na-ese ihe n'yana onye na-ese ihe na-ahụ anya .

## Ndụ onwe onye
Evans ( mmalite Minnie Eva Jones) nche Ella Jones na Disemba 12, 1892 na Long Creek, North Carolina.  [1] [2] Ella dị naanị awụ iri na atọ n'oge ahụ.  Nna njikọ Evans, George Moore, በቀላሉ mgbe a mụsịrị ya.  Mgbe Evans dị naanị ụnwa abụọ, ya na nne ya kwagara Wilmington, North Carolina, ka ya na nne nne ya, Mary Croom Jones biri na 1893. [3] Evans, dị ka nne ndị ọzọ ụgbọ ya, echiche na-arụsi ọrụ  ike n'awa niile nke ụbọchị.  N'ịbụ ya, ọbụ na-akpali akpali nke ọ መጫወት ga-eme ka ọ na-edobe ya n' ranar dum, na-eme ka ọ mba isiri ya ike izu ike.  Enweghị Ụra a nwere ikike ya na mkpa ihe ya maka isi ya mere ka ikike ya mgbe ọ dị afọ 13. [4] Minnie Jones gara ụlọ akwụkwọ na ruo klas nke isii na 1903, Minnie Jones, Ella, na Mary Croom Jones  kwagara Wrightsville Sound nke bụ obodo dị nso na Wilmington.  [5] Ọ gara St. Matthew African Methodist Episcopal Church na Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina. 

Na Wrightsville, Ella Jones zutere di ya n'ọdịnihu, Joe Kelly, ha lụrụ na 1908.  N'oge a, Jones rụrụ ọrụ dị ka "onye na-anụ ụda" na-ere ụzọ azụ azụ n'ọnụ ụzọ.  Na 1908, otu n'ime nwa nwanyị Joe Kelly sitere na alụmdi na nwunye gara aga webatara Minnie Jones na Julius Caesar Evans.   Minnie Jones, onye dị afọ iri na isii n'oge ahụ, lụrụ Julius (19) n'otu afọ ahụ.  Di na nwunye ahụ nwere ụmụ nwoke atọ, Elisha Dyer, David Barnes Evans, na George Sheldon Evans.  Ọ bụ ezie na Evans nwere ọtụtụ ndị na-akwado ya, di ya abụghị otu n'ime ha. Di ya na-agwakarị ya ka ọ kwụsị ime ọhụụ ma lekwasị anya n’ihe ọ ga-eji na-elekọta ezinụlọ ya. O kwenyere na ọ na-agba ara n'ihi nka ọ na-eke. 

Malite na 1916, Minnie Evans nọ n'ahụ dị ka onye na-elekọta ụlọ n'iche onye ọrụ di ya, Pembroke Jones, onye ọrụ na-amụ ihe ngosi.  [1] Ezin LED Evans bi na ụlọ nta Jones, "Pembroke Park," nke a mara taa dị ka subdivision Landfall.  Pembroke Jones nwụrụ na 1919 na egosi, Sarah (Sadie) Jones ngosi Henry Walters ọzọ.  Evans gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ maka Sadie Jones na ugbu a Henry Walters, na Airlie Estate .  Sadie Jones tụ Airlie Estate ka ọ bụrụ ubi na-amụ 1900s ma enwe ike otu n'ime akwụkwọ ndị ama ama nke ndị.  [2] Mgbe Sadie Jones nwụsịrị, otu nwoke aha ya bụ Albert Corbet nwara ala ahụ na 1948 wee kenye Evans ka ọ bụrụ onye nche ọnụ ụzọ na ngwá ọrụ n'aka ndị ọbịa ọha.  [2] O ji ọnọdụ a n'oge ndụ ya niile.  [2] Ọ lara ezumike nká n'ahụ ya dị ka onye nche ọnụ ụzọ mgbe ọ dị afọ 82 na 1974

## Ọrụ
 Evans malitere ịbịaru na Good Friday 1935, ebe ọ mechara ihe osise abụọ site na iji pen na ink "nke concentric na ọkara okirikiri na-achịkwa megide ndabere nke ebumnuche linear na-enweghị ike ịmata."[1]  Akpọrọ akụkụ abụọ a aha "Nke mbụ m" na "nke abụọ m," n'otu n'otu.[2]  Site n'oge ọ bụ nwata, Minnie na-egosipụta ahụmịhe ya nke ịnata ọhụụ na ikiri ihe okike efu nke ndị maara na-enweghị ike.[3]  Ọhụụ ndị a a na-apụghị izere ezere na-ekesa n'oge ndụ ya niile ka ọ malitere ịnụ na ịhụkwu ihe na nwata ya.  Ọ nụrụ otu olu n'isi ya nke na-asị 'Gịnị mere ị naghị ese ihe ma ọ bụ ịnwụ?'[4] Mgbe nke a gasịrị, Evans maliteghachiri eserese ruo 1940.[4]  Ọ malitere iji pensụl na wax na akwụkwọ maka mmalite ọrụ ya ma mesịa rụọ ọrụ na mmanụ mmanụ na mkpokọta mgbasa ozi agwakọta.[5]  Okwu ya na-abụkarị ihe ngosi nke Akwụkwọ Nsọ ma ọ bụ ihe nkiri sitere na okike.  Ọtụtụ mgbe, ọ bụ ngwakọta nke ha abụọ.[6]  Mmetụta ya gụnyere Africa, Caribbean, East India, Chinese, na omenala ọdịda anyanwụ.[5]  Ebe ọ bụ na ọ nọ n'ọkwá dị ka onye nche ọnụ ụzọ na Airlie Gardens, ọ na-ejikarị ubi dị ka mkpali ya n'ọrụ ya iji gosi ihe nkiri okike.[5]  Ọ bụrụ na ọ naghị ewere tiketi, Evans na-apụ mgbe niile ịse ọhụụ ọzọ sitere na gburugburu ifuru ya.

Evans buru ụzọ malite ire ọrụ ya na Airlie Gardens site n'ịkogide iberibe ya n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá nke ubi. Ọ na-enyekarị ndị ọbịa iberibe iberibe ya. N'oge na-adịghị anya, a bịara mara ya n'ebe nile na ndịda, ndị ọbịa na-abịakwa n'ubi ahụ nanị ịhụ ọrụ ya.  Na 1961, o nwere ihe ngosi izizi nke eserese na mmanụ na Little Artists Gallery (ugbu a St. Johns Museum) na Wilmington, North Carolina.  

N'afọ 1962, Evans onye na-ese foto, ምርቶች n'ihe oyiyi nka, na onye na-akọ ihe mere eme, Nina Howell Starr .  [1] Starr, onye na-ese ihe n'onwe ya (onye na-ese foto), maara ọrụ Evans na 1961 ma ikpuchi onye na-ese ihe n'onwe ya.  [2] Starr ga-aga n'ihu starchite anya Evans wee kwusaa ọrụ ya maka afọ 25 na-esote.  Evans na mbụ ihe osise mbụ ya maka cents iri ise.  Starr gbara Evans ume ka ọ ree ihe ọrụ ya maka ọnụ akara ka mma ma nyere Evans aka n'oge ọrụ ya niile.  Evans chere na ọrụ ya bụ nke onwe ya ịkọrọ nsogbu na eze nke gbochiri ya ikike ihe ọ gbala ruo 1961 mgbe o nwere ihe ngosi nka mbụ ya na The Little Gallery na Wilmington, nke a mara ugbu a dị ka St. John's Museum .

Site na 1962 ruo 1973, Starr de mmadụ ọnụ ya na Evans gbasara ọrụ ya.  [1] Na mbụ, Evans mmetụta anya mmetụta Starr obi na ọrụ ya, mana ha jagoran mmetụta maka ibe ha.  [2] Starr nyere aka ọrụ ọrụ Evans site na iche na ire nka ya na New York City .  Ọ durukwa ya n'ụwa nka site n'ime akara ya na ụbọchị ngosi ya.  [3] Na 1966, Starr haziri maka ihe mbụ nke New York nke Evans na ọrịka Epiphany na Clements Episcopal Church.  [2] N'August 1969, ihe ngosi ọzọ nke ọrụ Evans mere na Art Image Gallery nke New York na 1975, nnukwu ihe ngosi Evans na Whitney Museum of American Art .  [2] Site na ndị na-ada ada, ihe ngosi ọzọ nke ọrụ ya bụ nke emere na 1980 na St. John's Museum.  [2] O see ọtụtụ ihe ngosi ndị ọzọ na New York.

Ọtụtụ ndị nkatọ nka akpọọla Evans ọrụ dị ka " surrealistic ", "nahụ " na " psychedelic ".  [1] Okpukpe nke ọrụ dị mkpa na ndụ Evans, yana n'ọtụtụ ihe osise Evans.  Evans amụ na ọ maghị ihe ndị dị n'azụ ụzọ ya, na-ekwu, "mgbe mụ na ha ga-esi na-ele ha anya, m ga-ele ha anya dị ka onye ọ mgbasa ọzọ. Ha na-adịkwa m  anya dị ka ọ dị onye ọgbaghara ọzọ."
alt=a small house-like structure made of multicolored bottles|thumb| Minnie Evans Bottle Chapel nke Virginia Wright-Frierson mere ma wuo ya
. Evans kere "otu n'ime ọrụ nka ike" [1] bụ ihe osise onwe ya na akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na 1981. Evans nwụrụ na Wilmington, North Carolina na Disemba 16, 1987, mgbe ọ dị afọ 95, [2] na  -ahapụ ihe osise 400 na St. Johns Museum of Art (ugbu a Cameron Art Museum ) na Wilmington.  Mgbe Evans nwụsịrị, onye na-ese ihe bụ Virginia Wright-Frierson haziri ma wuo Minnie Evans Bottle Chapel na Airlie Gardens na ebe nchekwa ya.  Emere ihe nke nta ka ọ bụrụ kpamkpam site na karama iko eji-ịgagharị, Bottle Chapel ka emebere ka ọ bụrụ ụtụ nye onye omenkà Minnie Evans ma eji ọrụ sitere n'aka ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe.  Mgbe ị na-ele anya n'elu ụlọ ụka ahụ, ọ dị ka ndị nwe nwe akwụkwọ n'ụdị nke ọ kpọlarị.  N'ụdị ahụ, simenti na-acha agba agba mgba osisi na osisi ndị Evans ji mee ihe na ike ya.  Agbanwere nka nka nke Evans nkata ka ọ bụrụ okwute nrịgo iri na ise, nke ọ gbala n'ime otu afọ nke ndụ ya.  Ndị ụka ụka ahụ n'onwe ya nwere ugegbe nwere ugegbe nwere ọtụtụ ihu na ihe oyiyi ndị yiri nke Evans nke mmadụ ji mee ihe.  [3] “Minnie Evans” bụ ụbọchị a kpọsara na Mee 14, 1994, na Greenville, North Carolina.

Evans bụ isiokwu nke akwụkwọ, Angel nke guzo n'ụdị m: Minnie Evans' Art (1983), nke Allie Light na Irving Saraf dere .  [1] Aha akwụkwọ ahụ sitere n'okwu Evans n'onwe ya.  Ọ bụghị, “Chineke ezitela m mgbasa ozi nke na-eje n'ụdị m.

## Ọrụ ndị ama ama

### Mkpali, ụdị na usoro
Evans ahụmahụ ịse na ụzọ mgbe ọ dị afọ 43, na-ahụ ihe ọrụ mbụ ya na akpa akwụkwọ.  A mara ya ka ọ na-ahapụ ihe osise ya site n'aka gaa n'aka nri.  [1] Minnie Evans bụ onye ama maka ịse ihe ọ b͕ala dị n'aka, asị ndo windo a tụfuru atụfu, njide akwụkwọ, mpempe akwụkwọ.  Ọ kwado iji Crayola crayons dị ka o kwuru "ha kacha mma."  [2] Afọ ise ka e hụ, o ihe ịrara onwe ya nye n'ezie na ịdekọ nrọ ya site na nkà.  Jupụta na Edens na-anọghị, odida obodo nke ụwa nrọ ya akara isi n'ihe iyi egwu nke hel.  [3] Ọ na-ese mbụ ya na ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa US Coast ma ọzụzụ ọrụ nke ọma ụzọ, na-eji ink, graphite, wax crayon, watercolor na akwụkwọ na akwaaji, bọọdụ na akwụkwọ

Ihe osise Evans sitere na nrọ ya wee lụ n'ọtụtụ agba sitere na ọrụ ya na Airlie Gardens.  Atụmatụ ya dị ka anya anya, yana ihe ndị na-echeta nkà nke China na Caribbean akwụkwọ ya na isiokwu ndị ọzọ dị n'Ebe Ọdịda.  etiti n'iche bụ ihu mmadụ nke ụdị osisi na anụmanụ gbara ya gburugburu.  Anya, nke Evans were nhata na onye maara ihe niile nke Chineke, dị n'etiti ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọ lla, a na-Man anya atọ na ihu ihu nwere egbugbere ọnụ kpuchiri ekpuchi.  Symmetry bụkwa isiokwu a na-ama na ọrụ Evans [1] Na mgbakwunye, mgbe ụfọdụ a na-rẹ Chineke na nku na olu nwere ọtụtụ agba na halo ma gosi ụdị ihe niile e kere eke gbara ya gburugburu.

Ihe osise ya ghọrọ ihe na-amanye, ndị enyi ya na ndị ezinụlọ ya nwere nchegbu na ọ na-efunahụ ya. Otú ọ dị, ka oge na-aga, ha nwetara nkwanye ùgwù maka nkà ya ma kwenye na o nwere onyinye.  Otu enyi ya kwuru "Ọ dị m ka Minnie nwere ikike nke na-abụghị ọtụtụ n'ime anyị nwere. Eji m n'aka na o nwere." 

### Na-arụ ọrụ
Ozi mbụ ya, ndụ My Very First na Nke bụ ink na akwụkwọ.  Ihe niile dị n'elu dị n'ụdị na-egosi na-ama ya na ihe oyiyi okike na isiokwu dị na ahụ ahụ.  Ọrụ ndị a adịghị na agba.  [1] Mgbe o nyesịrị ya ihe ndị ọrụ ndị na-enye onye ize ndụ dị omimi, a gwara Evans na ha sere agha zuru ụwa ọnụ a, Agha igbochi nke ọgụ.  Madame Tula mechara gwa Evans ka o mee ihe ọrụ ọhụrụ na- njedebe agha ahụ.  egwu ole na ole ka e ịhụ, Evans na-ese foto mbuso agha, na-ewere zuru oke, akara, na ihe oyiyi Fu Manchu 

Ọrụ ọzọ akpọrọ *"Design: Airlie Garden"* na-egosi ifuru, osisi, na butterflies. E gosipụtara isiokwu okike ebe a, mana ibe a dịtụghị atụ n'ihi asymmetry nke eserese ahụ. 

 Ozi abụọ ndị ọzọ, abụọ ha akara aha bụ ọrụ Evans na--ahu.  Otu, nke e dere na 1996, na-egosi otu nwere ike isi isi nwere nku na ngwaọrụ na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ.  Ibe a nwere agba agba, symmetrical, ma na-agụnye ihe okike.  Usoro mgbasa ozi a na-eji bụ graphite, ink, tempera, na wax crayon na akwụkwọ.  Nke ọzọ bụ ihe onye na-arọ nrọ nke anya, agba na-egwu egwu, na okike.  Usoro mgbasa ozi a na-eji bụ gouache, ink, na wax crayon na akwụkwọ.

Ugbu a ያለፈ dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe nkiri nkiri mkpa nke ụtụtụ nke 20, ọtụtụ ụlọ ngosi mgbe ochie na ndị na-anakọta ihe n'ụwa niile na-anakọta ọrụ ya nke ukwuu.  N'agbanyeghị ọrụ ya na ogologo ọrụ ya, ọrụ ya n'azụkarị ire ere.  Mgbe ha mere, a na-enwe nche siri ike mgbe niile.  Enwere [ ] ọrụ ya na Museum of Modern Art, Smithsonian Institution, Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Folk Art Museum, American Folk Art Museum, Whitney Museum of American Art, Pérez Art Museum Miami, [1] Ndị ji ihe ngosi nka nke Ogden.  nke Southern Art, na ndị dike ihe ngosi nka dị elu .

Ntụleghachi nke ihe ngosi 2017 na-akọwa ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọrụ Evans na-esote - ihu "na-abawanye ọkaibe" na "amamihe okike" - ya na eserese mbụ ya n'etiti 1935 na 1940, nke "na-egosi amamihe na mmata ya, na raw. na mgbanwe." 

## Mbipụta
Katalọgụ ihe ngosi nka, n'usoro na-arịgo site na ụbọchị:

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## Ntụaka

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

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* John Walker Myers, "Minnie Evans: Off in the Garden to Talk With God." The Southern Quarterly. Volume 35, Number I, Fall 1996. pp.&nbsp;74–83.
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## Njikọ mpụga

* Minnie Evan's Biography, sitere na Smithsonian American Art Museum
* Vidiyo: *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nEAkHRQFdNc mmụọ ozi nke guzoro n'akụkụ m: Minnie Evans Painting]* (ebugoro 2008, ụgbọala na-adọkpụ ihe nkiri) na YouTube
* Vidiyo: *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sV4d8VY0v2k Minnie Evans Sculpture Garden]* (2010), nke NCArts na North Carolina Arts Council na YouTube

Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations