open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Calum Maclean (onye mgbasa ozi)

**Calum Maclean** bụ onye na-eme ihe ngosi TV, nke na-asụ ma Scottish Gaelic ma Bekee nke ọma. Ọ bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri, onye na-agbasa ozi n'èzí na onye na-egwu mmiri.

## Ndụ onwe onye
A mụrụ ya na Australia na 1989, Maclean tolitere na Inverness  ebe ọ gara agụmakwụkwọ Gaelic-medium.

Ọ kwagara n'ime obodo Highland Perthshire nke Aberfeldy na 2020.

## Ọrụ
Maclean gụrụ diplọma afọ abụọ na mgbasa ozi Gaelic na Mahadum nke Highlands na Islands' Gaelic College, Sabhal Mòr Ostaig .  Mmasị ya n'igwu mmiri bịara sie ike mgbe ọ gachara Tasmania, n'oge o gwuru Osimiri Derwentdị otu puku mita n'obosara.

Ọ na-eme ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi, nke na-atọ ọchị mgbe ụfọdụ, banyere igwu mmiri n'èzí, ịga njem nlereanya n'ọhịa na ihe ịma aka ndị metụtara ya maka 'The Social' nke BBC Scotland yana 'Speak Gaelic' nke BBC Alba  Nke a dugara n'ịmepụta usoro BBC ALBA nke ya *Dhan Uisge* (Into the Water) na 2017 na-ekerịta mmasị o nwere n'igwu mmiri na osimiri na ọdọ mmiri ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ.  N'afọ 2017 ọ ghọrọ onye nnọchi anya maka Outdoor Swimming Society.

## Ihe Nrite
N'afọ 2017, ndị Wild Swimming Brothers (The Hudson Brothers)  họpụtara Calum dị ka onye na-egwusi mmiri ike nke Afọ ahụ. N'afọ 2019, a kpọrọ ya ka ọ kwuo okwu na usoro Inspiring People nke Royal Scottish Geographical Society. N'afọ 2019 kwa, a họpụtara ya maka onyinye egwuregwu na Scottish Gaelic Awards .  N'afọ 2021, ihe nkiri ya bụ *Am Bruadar* meriri ihe nrite Ihe Nkiri kacha mma na asọmpi Gaelic Short Film FilmG 2021.

## Ebemsidee


## Njikọ Mpụga

* 
Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Jennifer Ephraim

**Jennifer Chisom Ephraim**  (amụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2001) bụ Onye Naijiria na-eme ihe nkiri. O meela ọtụtụ ihe nkiri, gụnyere Love and Desperation, Second Wives, Odogwu Finds a Wife na The Waiter. 

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Ephraim na Ebonyi Steeti, Naijiria ma zụlite ya na Lagos. Ọ bụ onye agbụrụ Igbo nke Anambra Steeti. Ephraim bụ onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na mmekọrịta mba ụwa na French na Mahadum Adonai, ma mesịa zụọ ya na ime ihe nkiri na High Definition Film Academy na Abuja . 

## Ọrụ
Ephraim  malitere ọrụ ime ihe nkiri kemgbe oge ọ bụ nwata site n'ime ihe n'ime otu ihe nkiri ụka ya na ihe ngosi egwuregwu ndị ọzọ na-adịghị adị. O mere mpụta izizi ọkachamara ya mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ.  

Ephraim emeela ọtụtụ ihe nkiri, gụnyere Love and Desperation, Second Wives, Odogwu Finds a Wife na The Waiter. Ọ bụ onye dere akwụkwọ "Dilemma Of The Nigeria Girl Child" na onye mmeri nke 2018 Face of Democracy Nigeria South-East. Ephraim bụ onye nnọchi anya akara nke Glow by Nessa.

## Ọrụ ebere
Ephraim bụ onye guzobere Jennifer Ephraim Foundation nke chọrọ inye ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka ike. Ọ na-enyere ndị nwere obere ohere aka ma kwalite agụmakwụkwọ na ike site na ntọala ya.  N'afọ 2022, ntọala ya nyere ụmụ akwụkwọ nke Government Day Secondary School, Wuse 2 Abuja agụmakwụkwọ n'afọ 2023, ntọala ahụ rụzigharịrị ụlọ klas LEA Primary School na Jikwoyi Phase 1 Abuja.  

Jennifer Ephraim Foundation meriri Equality na Advocate Foundation of the Year na Nigeria Humanitarian Award and Magazine 2023 yana NGO nke Year na Regal Award 2023.

## Ihe nkiri ndị a họọrọ

* *Ịhụnanya na Enweghị olileanya*
* *Ndị inyom nke Abụọ*
* *Odogwu Chọtara Nwunye*
* *Onye Na-ere Ahịa*
* *Ịhụnanya Na-edozi*
* *Ịga Ụzọ Ya*
* *N'akụkụ m*
* *Ịchọta Nwunye Zuru Okwe Maka Nna*
* *Di Dị Mma*
* *Ọkụ nke Ịhụnanya*

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Jennifer EphraimnaInstagram
* Ịhụnanya na Nchegbu - ụgbọala na-adọkpụ na YouTube
* Freaky Bestie - ihe nkiri na YouTube
* Ndị Ọtụrụ n'Ịhụnanya - ihe nkiri na YouTube
* The Chef's Crush - ihe nkiri na YouTube 
Otú:Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Naijiria narị afọ nke 21
Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Asụsụ Chami

**Chamí Emberá** a.k.a. **Chami** bụ asụsụ Embera nke Colombia.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụ okwu

/h/ nwekwara ike ịnụ dị ka [x] n'efu.

### Mkpụrụedemede
Asụsụ Embera

thumb|Nwa agbọghọ Embera si Panama
**Emberá** (nke a makwaara dị ka Chocó) bụ asụsụ na-aga n'ihu nke 100,000 mmadụ na-asụ n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Colombia na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Panama. Ọ bụ nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Choco.

## Asụsụ na ọdịiche dị n'ógbè
A na-ekewa Emberá na ọ dịkarịa ala n'ìgwè abụọ:

# **Ebe Ugwu Emberá**
# **Southern Emberá**

Nke ọ bụla nwere ụdị mpaghara ole na ole. A na-ewere ụdị ndị a dị ka olumba mana ha bụ asụsụ dị iche iche n'ezie. Archive of the Indigenous Languages ​​of Latin America depụtara ha dị ka ndị a, yana ihe ndị a na-ekwu na ha nwere ike ịbụ ebe, otu ndị nwụrụ anwụ, ma ọ bụ njehie mkpụrụokwu:

* Northern (Northern Antioquia, Emberá norteño) Catío (Katío): Dabeiba, Tukurá (Río Verde, elu Sinú, Emberán-Katío), Ngverá (San Jorge) Northern Emberá (Citará, Northwest Embera, West Embera):[1] Darién (Sambú, Panama Embera), Citará (Atrato, Andágueda), Juradó
** Cato (Katío): Dabeiba, Tukurá (Rio Verde, elu Sinú, Emberá-Katío), Ngverá (San Jorge) 
** Northern Emberá (Citará, Northwest Embera, West Embera): Darién (Sambú, Panama Embera), Citará (Atrato, Andágueda), Juradó
* **Ndịda**
** Chamí (Caramanta, Embera-Chamí, East Embera, Southern Antioquia): Tadó*, Cristianía, Upper Andágueda, Mistrató, Garrapatas
** Baudó: Catrú, Dubasa, Purricha, Pavaja
** Eperara (Epena): Joaquincito, Cajambre, Naya, Saija, Tapaje, Satinga

## Akwụkwọ

* *Ihe ndekọ nke asụsụ ụmụ amaala nke Latin America*.  (Web page: www.ailla.utexas.org/site/sa_lg_tbl.html, nwetara 2005, Dec. 27).
* Aguirre Licht, Daniel. (1999). Ọ na-agba ọsọ Asụsụ nke Ụwa / ihe 208. LINCOM.  (n'asụsụ Spanish) 
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] (1997). Asụsụ ndị American Indian: The Historical Linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press.  . 
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] (1980). Nchịkọta nke asụsụ ụmụ amaala nke Panama, na okwu ntụnyere ha. Asụsụ Panama (Nke nke 7). Panama: National Institute of Culture, Summer Language Institute.  (n'asụsụ Spanish) 
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] (1994). Asụsụ Abụọ nke South America. Na C. Mosley & R. E. Asher (Eds.), Atlas of the World's Languages (pp. 46-76). London: Routledge.&nbsp;
* Loewen, Jacob (1963). Choco I & Choco II. *International Journal of American Linguistics*, *29*.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] A Reference Grammar nke asụsụ Northern Embera. Studies in the Languages of Colombia (No.7); SIL Publications in Linguistics (No. 134). SIL.
* Pardo Rojas, Mauricio na Aguirre, Daniel L. (1993). "Dialectología chocó". *Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ Ezequiel Uricoechea* 11: 269-312. Bogotá: ICC.  (n'asụsụ Spanish) 
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] A Tri-Lingual Dictionary of Emberá-Spanish-English. Lincom Europe ISBN  &nbsp;

## Hụkwa

* Embera-Wounaan, ndị na-asụ asụsụ Embera na Wounaan

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* AILLA.utexas.org/search/view_resource.html?coll_id=11" id="mwaA" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Ihe ndekọ ọdịyo nke "akụkọ ọdịnala na akụkọ ifo" na Embera na ụfọdụ nsụgharị Spanish, akụkụ nke Emberá Collection nke Rachel Crandell na AILLA.
* Embera (Intercontinental Dictionary Series) 
Otú:All articles with unsourced statements
Sinúfana

**Sinúfana** (Cenufana; Ọzọkwa CenU/Zenu/Sinú) ma ọ bụ Guajibo (Guamacó) bụ ihe akaebe na-adịghị mma, yana ikekwe asụsụ Chocoan nke Colombia, yana ndị na-asụ asụsụ ole na ole. 

## Edensibia
Asụsụ Wounaan

Asụsụ **Wounaan**, a makwaara dị ka Noanamá na Woun Meu, bụ asụsụ Chocoan, nke nwere ihe dị ka ndị na-asụ 10,000 na oke n'etiti Panama na Colombia.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
Tebụlụ ndị a na-egosi ụdaume na fọnịm nke Wounaan, nke ejiri mkpụrụedemede ụda olu mba ụwa degharịa.

### Mkpụrụedemede

### Mkpụrụ okwu

* /ɕ/ na-apụta dị ka [t͡ʃ] gafee olumba, na dị ka [ʃ] na njedebe nke okwu.[3]

## Ihe edeturu
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## Edensibia

* 
*
Asụsụ Quimbaya

**Quimbaya** (Kimbaya) bụ asụsụ Colombia nke a na-anaghị anabata nke ọma, nke gbanyụrụ agbanyụ. A na-enyo enyo na ọ bụ Quimbaya na-asụ ya. . Naanị okwu 10 nwere ike ịbụ Quimbaya. Nke a ezughi iji guzobe Quimbaya dị ka asụsụ dị iche.

## Edensibia
Chonan

thumb|Nchịkọta nke asụsụ Chonan, dị ka Roberto Lehmann-Nitsche si kwuo.
**Asụsụ Chonan** bụ ezinụlọ nke asụsụ ndị Amerịka bụ́ ndị a na-asụ na Tierra del Fuego na Patagonia. Asụsụ Chonan abụọ a ma ama bụ nke Selkʼnam (ma ọ bụ Ona), nke ndị bi n'otu aha na-asụ n'ókèala dị n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Tierra del Fuego; na Tehuelche, nke ndị bi n'otu aha ahụ na-asụ n'ebe ugwu nke Tierra del Fuego. Aha ezinụlọ ahụ sitere na čonn, okwu Selkʼnam maka 'nwoke. . 

## Nchịkọta
Ndị Haush na-asụ asụsụ yiri nke Ona. Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta na-agbakwụnyekwa n'ezinụlọ ahụ asụsụ Teushen—nke Teushen na-asụbu, nke dị n'etiti Tehuelche na Puelche—ọ bụ ezie na a naghị akwado ya nke ọma.

Viegas Barros (2005) na-anwa igosi na Gününa Küne nke dị n'ebe ugwu nwere njikọ na asụsụ Chon ma bụrụ otu alaka nke ezinụlọ Chonan gbasaa. Ọ bụ Lyle Campbell   nabatara aro a. Dabere na obere ihe akaebe dịnụ, Ndị Het (ma ọ bụ ma ọ dịkarịa ala Didiuhet [Querandí]) nwere ike ịbụ ndị na-asụ asụsụ n'ime alaka Puelche a tụrụ aro.

Ọ bụrụ na nke a ziri ezi, ezinụlọ Chon ga-abụ ndị a:

## Okwu
Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for the *Patagon* (Chonan), Gennaken, and Chechehet (Het) languages. Additional words are also provided.

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Alain Fabre, 2005, Diccionario etnolingüístico na nduzi bibliographical nke ụmụ amaala South America: CHON*[https://www.ling.fi/Entradas%20diccionario/Dic=Chon.pdf Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu etnolinguistico na akwụkwọ ntuziaka nke ụmụ amaala South America: CHON]*
Bolanle Otegbayo

**Bolanle Omolara Otegbayo** bụ prọfesọ Naijiria nke sayensị nri na teknụzụ. Ọ bụ onye so na Africa Academy of Sciences na ugbu a Provost nke Bowen University College of Postgraduate Studies (CPGS).

## Mmụta
Bolanle nwetara nnabata na Mahadum nke Ibadan iji mụọ Sayensị Anụmanụ, mana mgbe ọ gụsịrị ọkwa 100 ọ tụlere Sayensị Nri. O mechara nweta nnabata na Mahadum Obafemi Awolowo ka ọ gụọ Sayensị Nri na Teknụzụ site na 10/09/1986 ruo 10/01/1994 maka nzere Bachelọ Sayensị ya. Ọ gara n'ihu nweta akara ugo mmụta Masters na teknụzụ nri na mahadum nke Ibadan site na 01/04/1997 ruo 01/05/1998. O nwetara Ph.D na Nkà na Ụzụ Nri na Mahadum Ibadan n'etiti 16/09/1998 ruo 09/07/2004.

## Ọrụ
Bolanle bụ onye nkuzi ma na-akụzi ugbu a na Ngalaba Sayensị Nri na Teknụzụ nke Mahadum Bowen ebe ọ na-elekwasị anya n'ịchọpụta ihe ndị na-ekpebi ogo nri n'ihe ọkụkụ iji jide n'aka na e nwere ezigbo ndị na-etinye aka na-enye na usoro uru.

## Ndị otu na onyinye
N'afọ 2024, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye otu Academy of Sciences nke Africa. N'afọ 2011 na 2012, e nyere ya Postdoctoral Fellowship of African Women in Agricultural Research and Development (AWARD).

## Akwụkwọ ndị a ma ama

* 
* 
* 
* 

## Ndụ alụmdi na nwunye
Ọ lụrụ Prọfesọ Jesse Abiodun Otegbayo, ha abụọ nwere ụmụ abụọ.

## Ntụaka

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ
Asụsụ Haush

Asụsụ Haush (nke bụkwa Manekʼenk) bụ asụsụ obodo nke ndị Haush na-asụ, a na-asụkwa ya n'agwaetiti Tierra del Fuego.  A na-ewere ndị Haush dị ka ndị kacha ochie bi na Tierra del Fuego; n'oge mbụ ha zutere ndị Yuropu, ha bi n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Mitre Peninsula.

Tupu 1850, e mere atụmatụ na mmadụ 300 na-asụ Haush. Onye ikpeazụ na-asụ Haush nwụrụ n'ihe dị ka afọ 1920 ma a na-ewere asụsụ ahụ dị ka nke na-adịghịzi adị.
A na-ewere Haush dị ka ihe jikọrọ ya na asụsụ Selk'nam, Gününa Yajich, Teushen, na Tehuelche, nke n'ozuzu ya bụ nke Ezinụlọ asụsụ Chonan.

## Okwu
Carlo Luigi Spegazzini (1899) depụtara okwu Haush ndị a.

### Okwu

### Okwu ndị e kwuru

ananụ

Ụgbọ mmiri

k-dị ka-nk

M-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase; " title="animate">AN-n'ime (.nọdụ ala) -CER. M

naʔ

DEI1
anan k-as-pe-nk naʔ

canoe AN-in-in-be (.nọdụ ala) -CER. M DEI1

'Ọ nọ n'ụgbọ mmiri. '       

## Hụkwa

* Asụsụ Yaghan
* Asụsụ Selkʼnam
* Asụsụ Kawésqar

## Edensibia

### Akwụkwọ
Khanyisile Motsa

**Khanyisile Motsa** bụ onye ọrụ ebere n’arụ iji melite ọnọdụ ndụ maka ụmụaka nke mba South Africa.

A makwaara ya dịka **Mam Khanyi**, o guzobere Home of Hope for Girls (HoH) na Johannesburg n’oge afọ 2002 mgbe ọ meghere ụlọ ya maka ụmụ agbọghọ na-agba ọsọ ịgba akwụna na ịzụ ahịa.   HoH na-enye ebe obibi maka ụmụ agbọghọ iri asaa na ise ma nyere ọtụtụ puku aka site n'ịrụ ọrụ na Ndị uwe ojii South Africa na ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.

Mgbe Trevor Noah malitere The Trevor Noah Foundation iji nyere aka nye ụmụ mgbei na ndị ntorobịa nọ n'ihe ize ndụ agụmakwụkwọ na nkà ndụ, ọ kpọrọ Mam Khanyi ka ọ nyekwazị aka dịka onye nnọchiteanya.

## Onyinye

* Nedbank Hero 2009 maka Ụlọ Obodo
* Onye mmeri nke 2010 Feather Award na Women's National Community Builder and Humanitarian category
* 2010 Shoprite/Checkers Nwaanyị nke Afọ - Ndị Ntorobịa 
* Ihe nrite Rotary Clubs nke Rosebank na Randburg maka Ụlọ Obodo.
* N'ememe ncheta otu narị afọ nke ndụ Nelson Mandela na 2018, The Nelson Mandela Foundation nyere Mam Khanyi dị ka otu n'ime 'Unsung Heroes' nke South Africa 
* 2022 Onye mmeri nke Global Citizen Prize: Citizen Award South Africa, maka mkpebi ya na mmetụta nke nzukọ ya na ndụ ihe karịrị ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ 200 a napụtara.

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* https://www.hopehome.org.za/

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Kathleen Murray

**Caroline Kathleen Murray** (amụrụ n’ụbọchi 9 n’ọnwa August nke oge afọ 1892 - ụbọchi 9 n’ọnwa February nke ohe afọ 1984) bụ onye ọrụ ugbo na-ebupụ ihe, onye ọrụ ebere na onye Black Sash na Elgin, South Africa.

## Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga
A mụrụ Kathleen Murray na obodo Kenilworth, Cape Town. Ọ bụ nwa nwanyị nke Dr Charles Murray, onye Irish naval Doctor, na Caroline Molteno, onye mbụ na-akwado Cape Colony. Ọ gara Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Bedales.  Dị ka nwa agbọghọ, o kpebiri ịbanye n'ọrụ ugbo kama ịlụ di. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị mbụ na-arụ ọrụ ugbo na mpaghara ahụ. Ọ malitere site n'ịkpa aṅụ na obere akwụkwọ nri. Ka ọ na-eru ngwụcha ndụ ya, ọ na-arụ ọrụ ugbo buru ibu na-ere ahịa ma ihe ubi ya na-enweta ihe nrite gburugburu ụwa. Na obodo Elgin, ọ bụ onye isi oche nke ọrụ ugbo ma bụrụkwa onye na-ahụ maka ụlọ akwụkwọ maka ndị dara ogbenye ya na ọrụ mpaghara ndị ọzọ. Ọ bụ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'òtù nnupụisi ụmụ nwanyị na-adịghị eme ihe ike Black Sash site n’oge afọ 1950s gaa n'ihu.

## Edensibia
Asụsụ Teushen

**Asụsụ Teushen** bụ asụsụ obodo Argentina, o nwere ike bụrụ na ọ gbahapụrụ agbahapụ ugbu a. Ndị Teushen, bụ́ ndị na-achụ nta na ndị na-achịkọta ihe nke Patagonia, na-asụ ya, bụ́ ndị bi n'etiti ndị Puelche dị n'ebe ugwu ha na ndị Tehuelche dị n'ebe ndịda, bi n'etiti mpaghara Tierra del Fuego. Ebo ahụ agbaala ugbu a.

A na-eche na asụsụ ahụ nwere njikọ na asụsụ Selk'nam, Puelche, na Tehuelche. Ndị a niile sitere n'Ezinụlọ asụsụ Chonan.

Na mbido narị afọ nke 19, ụfọdụ Ndị Tehuelche na-asụkwa Teushen.

## Hụkwa

* Asụsụ Haush
* Asụsụ Kawésqar
* Asụsụ Selkʼnam
* Asụsụ Tehuelche
* Asụsụ Yaghan

## Ihe edeturu

## Edensibia

* Adelaar, Willen F. H. and Pieter Muysken. ''The languages of the Andes''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.  .
Heline Eweni

**Heline Babiene Eweni** (amụrụ n'oge afọ 1996) bụ onye mba Cameroon na-eme ihe ike na Onye Ọrụ ebere na-enyere ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka na ndị nwere nkwarụ aka. A na-ahụ ọrụ ebere ya site na nkwado ọ na-akwado ndị Anglophone Crisis chụpụrụ achụpụ. Eweni ghọrọ nwa mgbei nne na nna ya nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị ntakịrị. Ọrụ enyemaka ya malitere site n'inye ọrụ obodo site na Exceptional Youth Initiative nke na-elekwasị anya na ọrụ nhicha n'efu na obodo. Mgbe e mesịrị, Eweni debanyere aha nzukọ ahụ dịka òtù na-enweghị uru ọbụla.

## Ihe nrite
A kpọrọ Eweni onye mmeri nke 2019 Future Africa Leaders Award (FALA) na Naịjirịa.  

## Edensibia

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Asụsụ Yawa

Asụsụ Yawa, nke a makwaara dịka asụsụ Yapen,[1] bụ obere ezinụlọ nke asụsụ Papua abụọ nwere njikọ chiri anya, Yawa (maọbụ Yava) na Saweru. N'ihi otú ha si yie nke ọma, a na-ewere ha mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka olumba dị iche iche nke otu asụsụ - n'ọnọdụ a, asụsụ ahụ ga-abụ nke dịpụrụ adịpụ. 

A na-asụ ha n'etiti Yapen Island na agwaetiti ndị dị nso, na Cenderawasih Bay, Indonesia Papua, nke ha na asụsụ Austronesian Yapen na-ekerịta.

Yawa n'onwe ya nwere ndị ọkà okwu 6,000 na 1987. A kọọrọ Saweru n'ụzọ dịgasị iche iche: 1/ ka ọ bụrụ nke a na-aghọta na asụsụ ndị ọzọ nke Yawa na ndị na-asụ ya ga-ewere ya dị ka asụsụ Yawa, ma ọ bụ 2/ ka ọ dị iche iche maka nghọta na ka a ga-ahụ ya dị ka okwu dị iche. Saweru na-anwụ anwụ, ndị mmadụ 150 n'ime agbụrụ 300.

## Nchịkọta
Onye na-ahụ maka asụsụ C. L. Voorhoeve jikọtara Yawa na Asụsụ East Geelvink Bay na atụmatụ Geelvink bay ya. Otú ọ dị, mmekọrịta ahụ ga-abụ nke dị anya ma ọ dị mma, na Mark Donohue chere na 2001 na egosighi Yawa na asụsụ ọ bụla ọzọ. Reesink (2005) na-ekwu na ya yiri asụsụ East Bird's Head. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, Malcolm Ross mere atụmatụ na Yawa nwere ike ịbụ akụkụ nke asụsụ Extended West Papuan. Ọdịdị nnọchiaha pụtara ìhè mgbe ị na-eji proto-Yawa tụnyere asụsụ isi East Bird Meax:

*d~r, b~w, we~o, p~f* bụ nkwekọrịta ụda niile.

Ethnologue (2009, 2013) na-ewere nke a gaa n'ihu, ma tinye Yawa n'ime West Papuan n'onwe ya.

Foley (2018) kewara Yawa iche iche dị ka ezinụlọ asụsụ nwere onwe ya.

## Nchịkọta nke ụdị
Asụsụ Yawa bụ asụsụ intransitive kewara ekewa, nke a na-adịghị ahụkebe na ụdịdị na New Guinea.[1]

N'adịghị ka asụsụ Sepik, Taiap, na asụsụ ndị ọzọ dị na ugwu New Guinea, nwoke kama ịbụ nwanyị bụ okike a na-anaghị ahụ anya, ebe asụsụ Taiap na Sepik na-ewere nwanyị dị ka okike a na-anaghị ahụ anya. N'asụsụ Yawa, a na-enye nwanyị ihe ka ukwuu maka aha ndụ nwere njirimara mmekọahụ nwanyị doro anya.[1]

## Okwu ndị bụ isi
Okwu ndị bụ isi nke asụsụ Yapen Yawa na Saweru edepụtara na Foley (2018). Ha abụọ abụghị ndị ikwu. Ihe nlele a na-egosi na anya asụsụ dị n'etiti asụsụ abụọ ahụ karịrị anya dị n'agbata asụsụ abụọ nke otu asụsụ.

Okwu ndị na-esonụ sitere na Voorhoeve (1975),  dịka edepụtara na nchekwa data Trans-New Guinea: 

## Edensibia

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* Gasser, Emily 2017. Mmekọrịta asụsụ Papuan-Austronesian na Yapen Island: Akụkọ mbido. *NUSA: Nnyocha asụsụ nke asụsụ na gburugburu Indonesia*, nr. 62, p. 101-155. doi:&nbsp; 
Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations
Asụsụ Island Chumash

Island Chumash, a  makwaara dị ka Isleño (Ysleño) ma ọ bụ aha olumba Cruzeño, bụ otu n'ime asụsụ Chumashan na-apụ apụ n'akụkụ oke osimiri nke Southern California. 

## Akwụkwọ Nsọ
Ọ na-egosi ihe akaebe nke ịgwakọta n'etiti asụsụ Chumashan bụ isi dị ka Barbareño ma ọ bụ Ventureño na asụsụ ụmụ amaala nke Channel Islands. Nke ikpeazụ a na-eche na a na-ekwu okwu n'àgwàetiti ndị ahụ kemgbe njedebe nke Ice Age ikpeazụ kewapụrụ ha na ala; A gaara ewebata Chumash na narị afọ mbụ ka ewebata ụgbọ mmiri plank na ala ala. A na-edobe ihe akaebe nke asụsụ substratum na phonology na-abụghị Chumash, yana okwu ndị na-abụghị Chumash dị ka nke maka 'mmiri' na 'ụlọ'.

## Edensibia

* Heizer R. F., de. 1952. Ihe ndekọ asụsụ ndị India nke California: Okwu ndị India nke Alphonse Pinart. Mahadum nke California Anthropological Records 15:1-84.
* Heizer R. F., de. 1952. Ihe ndekọ asụsụ ndị India nke California: Okwu ndị India nke H.W. Henshaw. Mahadum nke California Anthropological Records 15:85-202.

## Njikọ mpụga

* Asụsụ Island Chumash - nchịkọta na Survey of California and Other Indian LanguagesNnyocha nke California na Asụsụ India Ndị Ọzọ
* Berkeley.edu; California Language Archive: Asụsụ Island Chumash
* Language-archives.org: Ihe onwunwe OLAC banyere asụsụ Cruzeño
Justina Tiana Eyakpobeyan

**Justina Tiana Eyakpobeyan** (amụrụ na 26 n'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2006) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba ọsọ. O nwetara ihe nrite ọla edo na mgbagharị mita 4 x 100 n'egwuregwu Afrịka nke afọ 2023 na asọmpi egwuregwu asọmpi Africa nke afọ 2024. Ọ gbara asọmpi na Summer Olympics 2024.

## Ọrụ

### 2023
N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2023, ọ meriri ọlaọcha abụọ na 100m na ọla nchara na 200m na African U18 Championships na Ndola, Zambia. N'afọ ahụ, ọ ghọrọ onye mmeri Naijiria U-18 n'ebe abụọ a na-agba ọsọ ma họrọ ya maka 2018 Youth Commonwealth Games na Trinidad na Tobago ebe ọ meriri ọlaọcha abụọ na 100m na 300m ma gbakwunye ọla edo. Ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ndị otu relay nke Naijiria maka 2023 World Athletics Championship na Budapest.

### 2024
Ọ gbara ọsọ na egwuregwu Afrịka nke afọ 2023 na Accra ma bụrụ akụkụ nke 4 × 100m relay side nke nwetara ọla edo.

Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị otu Naijiria  relay nke sonyere na 2024 World Athletics Relays na Nassau, Bahamas, wee ruo eru maka 2024 Olympic Games.

Ọ meriri ọla edo na mgbagharị 4 × 100 m na asọmpi egwuregwu Africa 2024 na Douala, Cameroon na oge ndekọ asọmpi ọhụrụ. 

O sonyere na 4 x 100 mita relay na 2024 Paris Olympics . 

## Ntụaka

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Mary Yee

**Mary Joachina Yee** (née **Mary Joachina Ygnacio Rowe**; 1897-1965)  Bụrụ onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ Barbareño Chumash. Ọ bụ onye na-asụ asụsụ mbụ nke asụsụ Barbareño, onye so n'asụsụ Chumashan nke ndị Chumash na-asụbu na ndịda California.

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Mary Rowe-yee na 1897 n'ụlọ Adobe dị nso na Santa Barbara, California, ụlọ nne nne ya. N'ọgwụgwụ 1890s, Mary bụ otu n'ime ụmụaka ole na ole a zụlitere ka ha na-asụ asụsụ Chumash ọ bụla. O buru ọtụtụ akụkọ Chumash ochie n'isi.

Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri ise, Mary Yee malitere isonye na nyocha, nkọwa, na akwụkwọ nke asụsụ ya, ruo ọtụtụ afọ na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ John Peabody Harrington, onye sokwa nne Mary Lucretia García na nne ya Luisa Ygnacio. Yee na Harrington na-edegara ibe ha akwụkwọ ozi na Chumash. Mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na 1954, Yee na Harrington rụrụ ọrụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ kwa ụbọchị. Ya na onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ Madison S. Beeler rụkwara ọrụ. N'oge ọrụ ya, ọ ghọrọ onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ n'onwe ya, na-enyocha ụkpụrụ na nhazi okwu.

Akụkọ Yee pụtara na ihe nkiri, 6 Generations: A Chumash Family History (2010) nke nwa ya nwanyị Ernestine Ygnacio-De Soto dere. Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, o bipụtara akwụkwọ ụmụaka, The Sugar Bear Story (2005), nke Ygnacio-De Soto sere.

## Mbipụta

* 

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta nke ndị ikpeazụ a maara na-asụ asụsụ

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Nchịkọta foto: Ụmụ amaala America na Central Coast site na OAC gụnyere foto nke Yee, nne ya, na ezinụlọ na agbụrụ
Asụsụ Lusatian

thumb|339x339px|Asụsụ ndị dị na Central German mgbe 1945 gasịrị 10: Silesian-Lusatian
**Asụsụ Lusatia** (Asụsụ German nkịtị: Lausitzisch) bụ asụsụ German East Central (High German) a na-asụ na ndịda Brandenburg na ọwụwa anyanwụ Saxony. Aha "Lusatian" sitere na okwu Lusatia, nke pụtara olumba nke Lusatia. Ha nwere njikọ chiri anya na German Silesian.

Berlin na Brandenburg dị na mpaghara asụsụ Low German. Site na mbata na Berlin site na mpaghara (mgbe ahụ) ndị na-asụ German dịka Silesia na Saxony, asụsụ Low German nke obodo ahụ enweela mmetụta siri ike site na asụsụ Low German nke obodo ahụ, nke mere na ọ gbanwere site na asụsụ Low German gaa na asụsụ Central German (High German), nke gbasaa site na Berlin ruo na mpaghara gbara Brandenburg gburugburu.

.

## Ìgwè ndị bụ isi na-asụ asụsụ

* Eastern Lusatian (asụ na Eastern Upper Lusatia) 
* Low Lusatian (asụ na Lower Lusatia na ugwu Upper Lusatia) 
* New Lusatian (asụ n'ógbè ebe obibi nke Sorbs; nke asụsụ Sorbian metụtara) 
* Upper Lusatian (asụ na ndịda Upper Lusatia; na American r) 
* Western Lusatian (asụ na Western Upper Lusatia) 

## Edensibia
Asụsụ Ineseño

Ineseño (Ineseño:  )bụ asụsụ Chumashan nke gbanyụrụ ma na-eme ka mmadụ dịghachi ndụ nke a na-asụ na ndịda California. Ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na, ma eleghị anya ọ bụ olu Barbareño. Ineseño na-aga n'ihu ugbu a na-eme ka asụsụ dịghachi ndụ. E bipụtara akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Ineseño na 2007. 

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụ okwu

### Mkpụrụedemede

## Edensibia
Letitia Tyler

**Letitia Christian Tyler** (Nọvemba 12, 1790 - Septemba 10, 1842) bụ nwanyị mbụ nke United States site na 1841 ruo 1842 dịka nwunye mbụ nke Onyeisiala John Tyler. 

Tyler ghọrọ nwanyị nke abụọ nke United States mgbe di ya ghọrọ osote onyeisiala nke United States na 1841, ọ ghọkwara nwanyị mbụ mgbe Onyeisiala William Henry Harrison nwụrụ n'ọnwa sochirinụ, di ya rịgoro n'ọkwa onyeisiala.

## Mbido ndụ na alụmdi ya
A mụrụ Letitia Christian na November 12, 1790 na Virginia. Ọ bụ nwa nke asaa nke otu onye ọrụ ubi.

Letitia agụghị akwụkwọ. Otú ọ dị, a kụziiri ya otú ọ ga-esi bụrụ nne na nna nke ubi.

Ezinụlọ ndị Christian na ndị Tyler maara ibe ha nke ọma, Letitia zutere John Tyler mgbe ọ na-eleta na 1808. Ha malitere mkpakọrịta nwoke na nwaanyị nke were afọ ise ruo mgbe ha mesịrị lụọ na 1813.

Nne na nna Letitia nwụrụ obere oge ma hapụ ya nnukwu ihe nketa, ya na John Tyler mụrụ ụmụ itoolu mana abụọ nwụrụ.

Ibu ego nke ịzụ ọtụtụ ụmụaka na itinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị karịrị ihe nketa ọ bụla ha nwetara. Tyler bụ ọrụ maka ijikwa ihe ọkụkụ ahụ mgbe di ya na-anọghị ya.

Tyler sooro di ya mgbe ọ na-eje ozi dịka gọvanọ Virginia. Dịka nwunye Gọvanọ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye nnabata n'isi obodo steeti Richmond mana mgbe a họpụtara ya na , ọ soroghị ya gaa Washington, D.C..

N'ime ndụ ya nile, o chere ihe ịma aka ahụ́ ike ihu ma mesịa malite ịrịa ọrịa strok. Otú ọ dị, ọ ka na-eji ihe ka ukwuu n’oge ya na-elekọta ihe ubi ahụ ma ọ bụ na-agụ Bible ya.

## Ọrụ ya dị ka nwunye mbụ nke United States na ọnwụ ya
Ọnwụ mberede nke onye isi ala William Henry Harrison na 1841 mere ka John Tyler rigoro n'ọchịchị. Ahụ ike Letitia Tyler emewo ka ọ ghara ikwe ya omume ijikwa , na ya na ezinụlọ ya ndị ọzọ emeghị njem na Washington ozugbo. Mgbe ọ bịarutere, ọ nọrọ n'oche nkwagharị dị n'ụlọ elu ụlọ nke White House.

N'agbanyeghị na o jigidere ikike n'otu esi arụ ọrụ nke nwanyị mbụ, Tyler nyere nwa ya nwanyị Letitia ọrụ nlekọta nke White House na ọrụ ya dị ka onye ọbịa nye nwunye nwa ya Priscilla.

Ahụ ike anụ ahụ na nke uche Tyler dara njọ na 1842. O nwere ọrịa strok nke abụọ na Septemba 9, 1842, ọ nwụkwara n'echi ya na Septemba 10.

Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ nwụrụ mgbe ọ na-eje ozi dị ka nwanyị mbụ nke United States, ma ọ ka dị mkpụmkpụ nke nwanyị mbụ America ọ bụla, na-anwụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 51.

## Ntụaka
Priscilla Tyler

**Elizabeth Priscilla Cooper Tyler** (Juun 14, 1816 - Disemba 29, 1889) bụ nwanyị mbụ nke United States site na 1841 ruo 1844. Ọ bụ nwunye nwa nke onye isi ala mgbe ahụ bụ John Tyler site na alụmdi na nwunye ya na nwa ya nwoke bụ Robert Tyler. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ nke nwunye mbụ na mmalite ọchịchị Tyler, na-arụ ọrụ n'ọnọdụ nne di ya, nwunye mbụ Letitia Christian Tyler, onye ọrịa ya na-anaghị eme nke ọma. Mgbe Letitia Tyler nwụsịrị na Septemba 1842, Priscilla Tyler bụ nwanyị mbụ, na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na White House.

## Mbido ndụ ya
Elizabeth Priscilla Cooper mụrụ na June 14, 1816, na New York City, nke atọ n'ime ụmụ itoolu nne na nna ya nwere. Nna ya, Thomas Abthorpe Cooper, bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-emepụta ihe na-aga nke ọma.

Nne Cooper nwụrụ na 1833, na njikwa ego nna ya kpatara nsogbu ego maka ezinụlọ. Ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri mgbe ọ dị afọ 17 mana ọ garaghị nke ọma n'ọrụ mmemme ya.

Ọ zutere Robert Tyler, nwa onye isi oche John Tyler n'ọdịnihu n'otu n'ime egwuregwu ya, ha kwara tupu ha alụọ Tyler na 1839. Mgbe alụmdi na nwunye ha gasịrị, di na nwunye ahụ kwagara Virginia n'ụlọ ezinụlọ Robert.

Mgbe onye isi ala  nwụsịrị na mberede n'otu ọnwa n'ime oge ọchịchị ya, John Tyler ghọrọ Onye isi ala United States, o wee soro ezinụlọ Tyler gaa Washington, D.C..

## Dịka onye nnabata White House
Ka ọ na-erule oge John Tyler weghaara onyeisi oche na 1841, nwunye ya Letitia erughị eru ije ozi dị ka onye ọbịa White House, n'ihi ya, e nyefere ọrụ ahụ n'aka Priscilla Tyler bụ onye dị nanị afọ 25.

Ebe ọ bụ na ọ ka bụ nwata, e weere ntorobịa ya dị ka uru. Na-atụlekwa eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọ bụbu onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-eme ihe nkiri.

N'oge ya dị ka onye ọbịa, ọ haziri ọtụtụ mmemme ọha na eze ma bụrụ ndị a na-akwanyere ùgwù nke ukwuu.

## Ọnwụ ya
Robert na Priscilla Tyler hapụrụ White House maka Philadelphia na Machị 1844, ebe ha maara na Julia Tyler ka edobere ịlụ onye isi ala wee bụrụ onye nnabata White House ọhụrụ. Ada President Tyler, Letitia Tyler-Semple, hụrụ ihe gbasara mmekọrịta mmadụ na White House ruo agbamakwụkwọ ahụ.[4]: 389–390  Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị White House, ọ kwagara  ebe di ya malitere ọrụ iwu.

Mgbe Agha Obodo Amerịka dara na 1861, ha kwagara Alabama ebe di ya ghọrọ onye nchịkọta akụkọ akụkọ obodo. Tyler nọrọ na Alabama mgbe di ya nwụsịrị na 1877, nọrọ ebe ahụ ruo ọnwụ nke ya na Disemba 29, 1889.

## Ntụaka
Asụsụ Comecrudo

Comecrudo, a makwara ya di ka 

E dekọrọ aha agbụrụ Comecrudo na 1748 (Saldivar 1943):

* Sepinpacam
* Perpepug
* Atanaguaypacam / Atanaouajapaca (nke a makwaara dị ka Atanaguipacane) 

Na 1861, onye German bụ Adolph Uhde bipụtara akwụkwọ njem nwere ụfọdụ okwu (Uhde kpọrọ asụsụ Carrizo, Spanish maka "ahịhịa") (Uhde 1861: 185–186). Na 1886, Albert Gatschet dekọrọ okwu, ahịrịokwu, na obere ederede sitere n'aka ụmụ (ndị na-anaghị ekwu okwu nke ọma) nke ndị ikpeazụ na-asụ Comecrudo dị nso na Camargo, Tamaulipas, na Las Prietas (Swanton 1940: 55–118). Ndị ndụmọdụ kacha mma bụ Emiterio, Joaquin, na Andrade.

Nnyocha kọmpụta na-akpaghị aka (ASJP 4) nke Müller et al. (2013)   chọtara myirịta okwu na Uto-Aztecan, ma eleghị anya n'ihi mgbazinye ego.

## Hụkwa

* Ndị Comecrudo
* Coahuiltecan
* Ndị Coahuiltecan

## Edensibia

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] *Ndị India nke Texas na 1830*. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Washington: Smithsonian Institution.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [Okwu okwu nke asụsụ ndịda Texas na ala Rio Grande].  (Ihe odide ndị ọzọ, nke 38720, na British Library, London.) 
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Luis Berlandier na Rafael Chovell. *Akwụkwọ njem nke Commission of Boundaries*. Mexico
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [Ihe odide Field na Comecrudo na Cotoname, anakọtara na Las Prietas, Tamaulipas]. Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives Ms. no. 297.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] (1940). Ihe gbasara asụsụ sitere n'agbụrụ ndịda Texas na ugwu Mexico. Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin, 127 (pp. 1-145).
* Uhde, Adolph. (1861). *Die Länder amtern Rio Bravo del Norte*. Heidelberg: J. C. B. Mohr.
Sarah Polk

**Sarah Childress Polk** (Septemba 4, 1803 – Ọgọst 14, 1891) bụ nwanyị mbụ nke mba Amerịka site na 1845 ruo 1849. Ọ bụ nwunye onye isi ala nke iri na otu nke mba Amerịka, bụ́ James K. Polk.

## Mbido ndụ ya
A mụrụ Sarah Childress na 1803 - nke atọ n'ime ụmụ isii ha. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ nke ọma maka nwanyị oge ya na ebe ọ nọ, wee gaa na  pụrụ iche na North Carolina na 1817, otu n'ime ụlọ akwụkwọ mmụta dị elu ole na ole dị maka ụmụ nwanyị na mmalite narị afọ nke 19.

Sarah Childress zutere James K. Polk mgbe ha abụọ na-anata ntụziaka n'aka Samuel P. Black n'ụlọ ya dị na ; ọ dị afọ 19, ọ dị afọ 12. Obere oge ka ọ malitesịrị ịlụ ya, ha abụọ kwekọrịtara na 1823, na January 1, 1824, Sarah Childress, dị afọ 20, lụrụ James Polk, dị afọ 28.

Ha lụkwara di na nwunye ruo afọ iri abụọ na ise, ha amụtaghịkwa ụmụ. A na-ekwukarị nke a na ịwa ahụ nkume nke eriri afọ Polk nwere n'oge ọ bụ nwa okorobịa, nke a na-eche na ọ mere ka ọ ghara ime ya. Ha bụ naanị di na nwunye onye isi ala na-amụbeghị nwa mgbe ha na-ebikọ ọnụ, n'ụzọ ndụ, nkuchi ma ọ bụ site n'alụmdi na nwunye gara aga.
Ha zụlitere nwa nwanne ya, Marshall Tate Polk, dị ka ward ha afọ ole na ole tupu James ezipụ ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na Washington, D.C., na mgbe e mesịrị .

## Oru ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nwunye eze
N'oge ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya, Polk nyeere di ya aka n'okwu ya, na-eji nghọta ya na-eduzi atụmatụ ya na inye mmesi obi ike dị mkpa. Ọ na-eso di ya mgbe ọ bụla o nwere ike mgbe ọ bụla o mere njem na Washington ma hụ na ọ na-arụ ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.

Na 1845, Sarah Polk ghọrọ Nwunye Mbụ nke 11 nke United States mgbe di ya meriri ntuli aka ahụ otu afọ gara aga. Ọ dị ndụ, maa mma, nwere ọgụgụ isi, na ezigbo onye na-akparịta ụka. Onye isi ala Polk na-ekwurịta okwu gbasara iwu mgbe ụfọdụ. Mgbe ọ na-enwe mmasị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ọ dọkwara di ya aka ná ntị, bụ́ onye ahụ́ ike ya na-esitụbeghị ike, ka ọ ghara ịrụbiga ọrụ ókè.

## Mgbe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị gasịrị na ọnwụ ya
Mgbe ha gachara nraranye nke  na Maachị 5, 1849, Polk na di ya jiri ịnyịnya na ụgbọ njem pụọ gaa n'ụlọ ọhụrụ ha na , Tennessee. Ha wee si Nashville gaa Columbia ka ha na nne di ya nọrọ izu abụọ tupu ya na ezinụlọ ya nọrọ ụbọchị ole na ole na Murfreesboro tupu ha alaghachi Nashville. Ọnwa atọ ka e mesịrị, James Polk nwụrụ n'ihi ọgbụgbọ ọgbụgbọ, ebe ọ nwere ezumike ezumike kacha nta nke onye isi ala US ọ bụla. Ọ dị afọ iri ise na atọ. Polk nọgidere na Nashville n'ime afọ ndị a ikpeazụ nke ịbụ nwanyị di ya nwụrụ na-esikarị ike na-apụ, na-aghọ ntakịrị ihe nkwụsị.

Ozugbo nwanyị di ya nwụrụ, Polk nakweere nwa nwa nwanyị Sarah Polk Jetton, nke a na-akpọ "Sallie", ma hụ ya dị ka nwa ya nwanyị. Mgbe nwa nwanne Polk nwụsịrị, a kpọtara ya na Polk biri. Ha biri ọnụ na Nashville ruo mgbe Polk nwụrụ na 1891 mgbe ọ dị afọ 87.

## Ntụaka
Asụsụ Mamulic

Mamulique bụ Asụsụ Comecrudan nke Nuevo León, Mexico.

A kpọrọ ya Carrizo (Carrizo de Mamulique) site n'aka Jean-Louis Berlandier, e dekọrọ ya n'okwu okwu iri abụọ na abụọ (n'ụdị abụọ) site na nso Mamulique, Nuevo León na 1828 (Berlandier et al. 1828–1829, 1850: 68–71). Ndị ọkà okwu a bụ otu ezinụlọ dị ihe dị ka iri anọ na ise bụ ndị Kraịst na-asụ Spanish..

## Ihe odide ihe atụ
Goddard (1979: 384), na-ezo aka na Berlandier, nyere ahịrịokwu na-esonụ maka Mamulique,  pụtara 'mmiri'. 

:  (ntụgharị mbụ) 
: (IPA approximation) 
: Nye m mmiri.  (French gloss) 
: Nye m mmiri.  (Bekee gloss) 

## Ihe odide

## Ebe e si nweta ya

* [Ihe e der n'ala ala peeji] [Okwu okwu nke asụsụ ndịda Texas na ala Rio Grande].  (Ihe odide ndị ọzọ, nke 38720, na British Library, London.) 
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Luis Berlandier na Rafael Chovell. *Akwụkwọ njem nke Commission of Limites*. Mexico
Margaret nke Antioku

**Margaret**, nke a maara dị ka **Margaret nke Antiọku** bu onye a na-eme emume dị ka onye nsọ na 20 Julaị n'Iso ụka Katọlik.

## Ndụ ya
Ọ bụ ada onye na chụàjà na-ekpere arụsị. Nne ya nwụrụ n’oge na-adịghị anya ka a mụsịrị ya, otu nwanyị onye Kraịst si Antiọk lekọtara Margaret. Ebe ọ nabataworo Iso Ụzọ Kraịst ma mee ka ọ bụrụ onye na-amaghị nwoke ma ọ bụ nwunye nsọ nye Chineke, nna ya jụrụ Margaret, onye nọọsụ kuchiri ya, ma biri na mba ahụ na-azụ atụrụ ya na nne ya na-azụ.

Otu onye ọchịchị Rome gwara ya ka ọ jụ Iso Ụzọ Kraịst. Mgbe ọ jụrụ, a tara ya ahụhụ n'ụzọ obi ọjọọ, bụ́ mgbe a kọrọ na e mere ihe omume ebube dị iche iche. Otu n’ime ihe ndị a gụnyere ịbụ Ekwensu loriri n’ụdị dragọn, bụ́ ebe o si na ya gbanarị ndụ mgbe obe o buuru kpasuru ihe dị n’ime dragọn ahụ. N'ikpeazụ, ọ kụpụrụ isi.

A na-ekwu na ọ kwere nkwa mmekpa ahụ dị ike nke ukwuu nye ndị dere ma ọ bụ gụrụ ndụ ya ma ọ bụ rịọ arịrịọ ya; A na-asọpụrụ Margaret na Chọọchị Katọlik.

## Ntụaka
Catherine nke Aleksandria

**Catherine nke Aleksandria**, nke a na-akpọkwa **Katherine**, bụ, dị ka ọdịnala si dị, onye nsọ na nwa agbọghọ na-amaghị nwoke nke Ndị Kraịst, Onye nwụrụ n'ihi okwukwe ya na mmalite narị afọ nke anọ n'aka eze ukwu Maxentius. Dị ka Akụkọ ihe mere eme ya si kwuo, ọ bụ nwa eze ma onye ọkà mmụta a ma ama nke ghọrọ Onye Kraịst mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na anọ, tọghatara ọtụtụ narị mmadụ n'Iso Ụzọ Kraịst, e gbukwara ya mgbe ọ dị ihe dị afọ iri.

A na asopuru ya na ụka ndị Katọlik.

## Ndụ ya
Catherine bụ ada Sabinella na Constus, onye ọchịchị Alexandria n'oge ọchịchị nke Emperor  (286–305). Site na nwata o tinyere onwe ya n'ịmụ ihe. Ọhụụ nke Mary na Nwata Jizọs mere ka o kweta ịghọ onye Kraịst. Mgbe mkpagbu malitere n'okpuru Emperor , ọ gara n'ihu eze ukwu ma baara ya mba maka obi ọjọọ ya. Eze-ukwu ahụ kpọrọ mmadụ 50 kasị mma ndị ọkà ihe ọmụma na ndị ọkà okwu na-ekpere arụsị ka ha na ya arụrịta ụka, na-atụ anya na ha ga-agbagha arụmụka ya na-akwado ndị Kraịst, ma Catherine meriri arụmụka ahụ. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị iro ya, ndị nkwuwa okwu ya meriri, kwupụtara na ha bụ Ndị Kraịst ma gbuo ozugbo.

Eze-ukwu nyere iwu ka a taa Catherine ahụhụ dị egwu ma tụba ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. N’oge a nọ n’ụlọ mkpọrọ, nduru si n’eluigwe na-enye ya nri kwa ụbọchị, Kraịst na-eletakwa ya, na-agba ya ume ka o jiri obi ike lụọ ọgụ, ma kwe ya nkwa okpueze nke ebube ebighị ebi. Ndị mmụọ ozi lekọtara ọnyá ya.

Mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ihe karịrị narị mmadụ abụọ bịara ịhụ ya; ha nile ghọrọ Ndị Kraịst ma e mesịa e gbuo ha n'ihi okwukwe ha. Mgbe Maxentius kwụsịrị ime ka Catherine kwenye site n'ịkpọ ya ahụhụ, ọ gbalịrị imeri ya site n'ịtụpụta alụmdi na nwunye. Catherine jụrụ, na-ekwupụta na nwunye ya bụ Jizọs Kraịst, onye o nyefere ya ikike ịbụ onye na-amaghị nwoke.

Eze ukwu iwe ji mara Catherine ikpe ọnwụ n'elu wheel gbajiri agbaji, ma mgbe o metụrụ ya aka, ọ gbajiri. Maxentius nyere iwu ka e gbupụ ya isi, Catherine nyere iwu ka e gbuo ya ka ọ malite. Ihe dị ka mmiri ara ehi kama ọbara si n'olu na-asọpụta.

## Ntụaka
Coosan

***'Coos***' (nke a na-akpọkwa Coos ma ọ bụ **Kusan**) bụ obere ezinụlọ asụsụ na-adịghịzi adị nke nwere asụsụ abụọ a na-asụ n'ụsọ oké osimiri ndịda Oregon.

## Classification
 
Melville Jacobs (1939) kwuru na asụsụ ndị a dị nso dịka Dutch na German. Ha na-ekerịta ihe karịrị ọkara nke okwu ha, ọ bụ ezie na nke a anaghị apụta ìhè mgbe niile, ọdịiche dị n'asụsụ na-emekwa ka asụsụ abụọ ahụ dị iche..

Mmalite nke aha *Coos* ejighị n'aka: otu echiche bụ na ọ sitere na ogwe Hanis  nke pụtara 'ebe ndịda' dịka na  'n'ebe ndịda'; echiche ọzọ bụ na ọ si na okwu ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Oregon Athabaskan *ku·s* nke pụtara 'ọụ mmiri'.

Frachtenburg bụ onye mbụ maara asụsụ agbụrụ nke kwuru maka njikọ dị n'etiti asụsụ ndị a, na-ekwu na Hanis na Miluk bụ olumba nke otu asụsụ "Kusan" ahụ.. Melville Jacobs kwukwara na ha bụ olumba abụọ nwere otu asụsụ; ọ bụ ezie na ọ chọpụtara na Oriakụ Annie Miner Peterson kwuru na ha bụ n'ezie asụsụ dị iche iche na Miluk nwere olumba abụọ. Na 1916 Edward Sapir tụrụ aro na asụsụ Coosan bụ akụkụ nke nnukwu nchịkọta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa Oregon Penutian. Ụfọdụ anabatala nyocha a.
Agbanyeghị, ọrụ ndị e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya etinyela Hanis na Miluk dị ka asụsụ dị iche iche ma bụrụ akụkụ nke ezinụlọ asụsụ nke ha, ebe Douglas-Tavani na-arụgharị usoro ntụnyere nke ụdaolu na okwu Proto-Coosan.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụedemede

### Diphthongs

### Mkpụrụ okwu

#### Usoro Atọ nke Ịkwụsị

### Isi ihe

* A na-anọchite anya nkwụsị nke akpịrị site na ʔ maka ːa. [Nkọwa dị mkpa] &#x5B;**&#x5D;
* Enwere ike iji okwu ndị apostrophe (pʼ) welitere dochie anya ha dị ka isi okwu (p!) 
* Ogologo na gemination na-egosi site na ntụpọ (m·) 

## Edensibia
 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Agbụrụ ndị Confederated nke Coos, Lower Umpqua, na Siuslaw homepage
* Asụsụ nke Oregon - Coos
* Coos, Lower Umpqua & Siuslaw Tribes profaịlụ
Julia Tyler

**Julia Gardiner Tyler** (Mee 4, 1820 – Julaị 10, 1889) bụ nwanyị mbụ nke mba Amerịka site na Juun 26, 1844, ruo Maachị 4, 1845, dịka nwunye nke abụọ nke Onyeisiala John Tyler.

## Ndụ mbido ya
A mụrụ Julia Gardiner na Mee 4, 1820 na New York nye , onye nwe ala na senator, na Juliana MacLachlan Gardiner.

Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ n'ụlọ ruo mgbe ọ dị afọ 16 wee gaa akwụkwọ n'èzí. Dị ka nwa agbọghọ Julia na-agbaso ejiji.

## Alụmdi na nwunye ya
Julia nwere ọtụtụ ụmụ nwoke dị ka ndị na-achọ akwụkwọ.

Ọ zutere Tyler na January 1842, mgbe a kpọtaara ya na ya na oriri na ọṅụṅụ , ma kweta ịlụ ya mgbe ọ kasiri ya obi mgbe nna ya David Gardiner nwụsịrị. Ha lụrụ na nzuzo, na-eme ka nwanyị mbụ ya ozugbo na alụmdi na nwunye ha, na-eje ozi na ọrụ maka ọnwa asatọ ikpeazụ nke onyeisi oche ya.

## Oru ya dị ka nwanyị mbụ
Tyler nwere obi ụtọ maka ọrụ ya dị ka nwanyị mbụ, na-emezigharị White House ma guzobe "ụlọ ikpe" nke ụmụ nwanyị na-echere iji ṅomie omume nke ndị eze ukwu Europe ọ gara ọtụtụ afọ gara aga. Ọ kwalitere ọtụtụ egwu egwu ndị Europe na United States.

Tyler bụ onye na-akwadosi ike maka ihe ndị di ya na-ebute ụzọ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na-ahazi ihe omume ọha na eze maka ndị nnọchiteanya Congress. A na-ekwu na ọ bụ ya mere ka ọ maliteghachi ọkwa nke nwanyị mbụ, ma n'ihe gbasara ọha na eze ma na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, mgbe ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị mbụ na-adịghị arụ ọrụ n'ihu ya.

## Ọnwụ ya
Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị White House, Julia kwagara n'ubi ya na Virginia ya na di ya wee mụọ ụmụ asaa. Ọ ghọrọ onye a ma ama na-akwado ịgba ohu na United States.

Ọ nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa strok na July 10, 1889, n'otu ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ebe di ya nwụrụ n'ihi otu ọrịa ahụ afọ 27 gara aga.

## Ntụaka

## Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ

* 

* 

*
Asụsụ Hanis

**Hanis**, ma ọ bụ **Coos**, bụ otu n'ime asụsụ Coosan abụọ nke Oregon, nke ka mma e dekọrọ. A na-asụ ya n'ebe ugwu nke Miluk gburugburu Osimiri Coos na Coos Bay.  bụ aha Hanis n'onwe ha. Onye ikpeazụ kwuru okwu n'okwu Hanis bụ Martha Harney Johnson, onye nwụrụ n'afọ 1972. Onye ọzọ kwuru okwu bụ Annie Miner Peterson, onye na ọkachamara asụsụ Melville Jacobs rụkọrọ ọrụ iji dekọọ asụsụ ahụ..

Kemgbe afọ 2007, ndị otu Confederated Tribes nke Coos, Lower Umpqua na Siuslaw Indians nyere klas n'asụsụ Hanis.. E bipụtara akwụkwọ na CD, Hanis for Beginners, na 2011, na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ibe dị maka ndị agbụrụ. 

## Ọmmụ ụdaolu
Vowel  nwere ike ịdị ogologo ma ọ bụ dị mkpirikpi; e nwekwara  dị mkpirisi.

A na-ekwupụta  usoro.  nwere ike ịbụ syllabic. Nchegbu bụ ụdaume.

Enwere ike ịnụ ụda // dị ka palatalized [] mgbe ọ na-esote ụdaume n'ihu. // nwekwara ike ịnwe ihe yiri ya dị ka [kw kwh kʼw xw hw].

## Edensibia

* Frachtenberg, Leo J. (1913). *Ihe odide Coos*. Onyinye nke Mahadum California na anthropology (Mpịakọta 1). New York: Columbia University Press.  (E bipụtaghachiri 1969 New York: AMS Press).
* Frachtenberg, Leo J. (1922). Coos: Ihe osise na-egosi ihe osise. Na Handbook of American Indian languages (Mpịakọta nke 2, peeji nke 297-299, 305). [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 2. Washington:Government Print Office (Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology).&nbsp;
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] (1996). Okwu Hanis nke John Milhau nke 1856: Coos dialectology na philology. Na V. Golla (Ed.), Proceedings of the Hokan-Penutian workshop: University of Oregon, Eugene, July 1994 na University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, July 1995. Nnyocha nke California na asụsụ ndị ọzọ nke India (Nke 9). Berkeley, CA: Nnyocha nke California na Asụsụ Ndị Ọzọ.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Hanis (Coos) phonemics. Asụsụ 75. 31–42.

## Njikọ mpụga

* Whereat-Phillips, Patty. "Kwin tlayam lo Hanis tlii'iis - Ka anyị kwuo asụsụ Hanis" (PDF). E nwetara ya n'April 6, 2014.  (Ntụziaka ịkpọpụta) 
* 
* Ihe onwunwe OLAC na banyere asụsụ Coos
Asụsụ Sila (Chad)

**Asụsụ Sila**, nke a makwaara ya dịka Dar Sila, Dar Sila Daju, Bokor, Bokorike, Bokoruge, Dadjo, Dajou, Daju, na Sula, bụ asụsụ ndị dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Sudan, otu n'ime asụsụ atọ nwere njikọ chiri anya n'ógbè a na-akpọ "Daju" (asụsụ Nyala na asụsụ Daju Mongo). A na-asụ ya na Chad nso ókèala Darfur, ebe a na-akwaga mba Sudan. E nwere olumba abụọ, Sila na Mongo, nke ikpeazụ a na-agaghị agwakọta ya na Daju Mongo.

## Edensibia
Asụsụ Demta

**Demta**, nke a makwaara dị ka Sowari na Muris, bụ asụsụ Papuan nke ndị Demta na-asụ n'akụkụ oke osimiri Papua, Indonesia.  A na-asụ ya na obodo Ambora, Muris Besar, Muris Kecil na Yougafsa, ha niile dị na mpaghara Demta..

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* Kim, So Hyun. 2006. Akụkọ nyocha banyere Asụsụ Sowari nke Papua, Indonesia. Akụkọ a na-ebipụtaghị. Jayapura: SIL Indonesia.

## Edensibia
Bankan Tey Dogon

**Bankan Tey Dogon**, a na-akpọ ya Walo-Kumbe Dogon na mbụ site n'aka obodo ukwu abụọ a na-asụ ya, nke a makwaara dị ka Walo na Walonkore, bụ asụsụ Dogon dị iche iche, nke a na-asụ n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na Mali. Roger Blench bụ onye mbụ kọrọ ya n'ịntanetị n'ịntanetị. onye na-akọ na ọ "dị na Nanga n'ụzọ doro anya", nke a maara naanị site na otu akụkọ sitere na 1953.

Obodo nke atọ e nyochachara n'oge ahụ, Been, na-asụ ụdị okwu yiri ya mana nke dị iche na nke nkịtị, Ben Tey Dogon.

## Edensibia

## Ebe e si nweta ya

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Nnyocha nke asụsụ Dogon na Mali: Nchịkọta". OGMIOS: Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Foundation for Endangered Languages. 3.02 (26): 14–15. E nwetara ya na 2011-06-30..
* 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ndepụta okwu Walo-Kumbe (Dendo na Blench, 2005)
Ben Tey Dogon

**Ben Tey Dogon**, aha obodo ahụ bụ Been, a na-asụ ya n'asụsụ Dogon dị iche iche, nke a na-asụ n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na Mali. Ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na Bankan Tey na Nanga Dogon. A na-ekwu na ndị okenye nọ n'obodo Dogon nke Gawru na-asụkwa asụsụ a. A kọrọ na Been si n'obodo Walo biri, Ben Tey Dogon dị iche na Walo Dogon karịsịa site n'ịbụ onye nọ n'okpuru mmetụta mba ọzọ dị iche, ebe obodo Been gbara obodo ndị na-asụ Jamsay gburugburu, nke Walo abụghị

## Edensibia
Daju

**Asụsụ Daju** Ndị Daju na-asụ asụsụ ha n'ebe dị iche iche n'ofe Sudan na Chad. Na Sudan, a na-asụ ha n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke mpaghara Kordofan na Darfur, na Chad a na-asụ ha na Wadai. Asụsụ Daju o n'ezinụlọ Nilo-Saharan nke dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ Sudan.

## Asụsụ
A na-ekewa asụsụ Daju dị ka ndị a, na-esote Stevenson (1956).
 
Robin Thelwall (1981) emegharịala asụsụ Proto-Daju n'akụkụ ụfọdụ. N'ikpe ya, asụsụ Eastern Daju kewapụrụ onwe ha na asụsụ ndị ọzọ ihe dịka afọ 2,000 gara aga, ebe asụsụ Western Daju gbasaara n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ikekwe site na steeti Daju nke chịrị Darfur site na ihe dịka afọ 1200 AD ruo mgbe Kasi Furogé, eze Daju, gbasasịrị ma jiri Tunjur dochie ya. Isi ihe dị iche n'etiti alaka abụọ ahụ bụ mgbanwe nke proto-Daju *ɣ, nke a na-egosipụta dị ka Western *r na Eastern *x.

## Asụsụ
Mgbọrọgwụ ngwaa a na-ahụkarị na Daju bụ monosyllable nke ụdị (C) VC (C). Ihe zuru oke na-ewere prefixed *k-*; ihe na-ezughị oke, prefixed *a (n) -*. Ngwaa ahụ na-ewere nsonaazụ mmadụ, nke a na-egosipụta na Shatt (maka ngwaa "ịṅụ" na ezughị oke):

Mgbakwunye okwu na-egosi ụdị aha (-tic, -təs), ụdị mkpụrụokwu nkịtị, na ọtụtụ. Usoro okwu a na-ahụkarị bụ subject-verb-object n'ọtụtụ asụsụ Daju, mana e wezụga ya dịka Sila, na possessor-possessor.

## Hụkwa

*  (Wiktionary) 

## Edensibia

* R. C. Stevenson "Nnyocha nke ụdaolu na nhazi ụtọ asụsụ nke asụsụ Ugwu Nuba, na-ezo aka na Otoro, Katcha na Nyimang. " *Afrika na Übersee* 40, 1956-7.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 1981. "Lexicostatistical Subgrouping and Reconstruction of the Daju Group" na ed. Thilo C. Schadeberg & Lionel Bender, Nilo-Saharan: Proceedings of the First Nilo-Baharan Linguistics Colloquium, Leiden, September 8-10, 1980. Foris: Dordrecht.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 1981. *Ìgwè Asụsụ Daju*. Boston, Spa: British Library Document Supply Centre. Akwụkwọ edemede doctoral, Coleraine: Mahadum Ọhụrụ nke Ulster.

## Njikọ mpụga

* Asụsụ Nuba na Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme, Robin Thelwall
* Map Asụsụ nke Sudan Huffman, Steve
Asụsụ Nyolge

**Nyolge** ma ọ bụ **Nyagulgule** (Njalgulgule) bụ asụsụ Daju nke Western Daju, nke a na-asụ n'otu obodo dị na South Sudan.

## Edensibia
Tadeusz Kruczkowski

**Tadeusz Kruczkowski** (Belarusian: Тадэвуш Кручкоўскі; a mụrụ n'abalị ise n'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 1961) bụ onye Poland na onye Belarusia na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na onye na-eme mkpọsa. Ọ bụụrụ onye isi oche nke òtù Union of Poles na Belarus site n'afọ 2000 ruo afọ 2005. Ọ bụ to nye nkụzi na Mahadum Steeti Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno.

## Edensibịa

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Dogul Dogon

**Asụsụ Dogul**, ***Dogul Dom***, bụ asụsụ Dogon a na-asụ na Mali. Ọ kacha nso Bondum Dogon, mana ọ bụghị nke zuru oke maka nghọta nke ndị mmadụ.

## Edensibia

## Ebe e si nweta ya

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Nnyocha nke asụsụ Dogon na Mali: Nchịkọta". OGMIOS: Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Foundation for Endangered Languages. 3.02 (26): 14–15. E nwetara ya na 2011-06-30..
*
Tadeusz Gawin

thumb|Tadeusz Gawin
**Tadeusz Gawin** (onye Belarus) a mụrụ na 3 Julaị 1951 na Łosośno dị nso na Hrodna) bụ onye nta akụkọ na onye na-eme mkpọsa na Belarus. Ọ bụ onye so guzobe na onye isi oche mbụ nke Union of Poles na Belarus  site na 1990 ruo 2000, ugbu a Onye isi oche nke UPB na onye na-eme ihe ike nke ndị Mmegide ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na Belarus.

## Edensibịa

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ