Geraldine McCullough

**Geraldine McCullough** (1917–2008) bụ onye na-ese ihe n'Amerika, onye na-ese ihe na prọfesọ nka. A maara ya nke ọma maka nnukwu ọkpụ akpụ ọla.

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Geraldine McCullough na Disemba 1, 1917, na Kingston, Arkansas .  Ọ nwetara akwụkwọ mmụta John D. Steinbecker ka ọ mụọ na Art Institute of Chicago ebe ọ natara BA na 1948 na MAE ya na 1955.  Na 1961, ọ nwetara ihe nrite mbụ na ihe ngosi nka nke Mahadum Atlanta (HBCU). E gosipụtara ihe ọkpụkpụ nke mbụ ya na 1963 na ngosi nke Century of Negro Progress Exposition na Chicago.  Ọrụ ya *Phoenix*, ihe ọkpụkpụ welded 250-paụnd na ihe ọkpụkpụ ọla kọpa, meriri George D. Widener Gold Medal for Sculpture. Ụlọ akwụkwọ Pennsylvania nke Fine Arts nyere ya na 1964 n'oge ngosi 159 ha kwa afọ, ọdịiche a wetara mmasị mba ụwa na ihe osise ya. 

N'afọ 1967, McCullough kpọrọ McCullough site na mgbanwe Enyi ka ọ gaa Moscow, Leningrad, Alma-Ata na Baku, Soviet Union, Iran, na Prague, Czechoslovakia. 

N'iji ihe dị iche iche dị ka ọla kọpa brazed brazed, brass brass, rods, na polyester resins n'ime ihe ndị o kere, onye na-ese ihe na-eji mmegharị na nkwuwa okwu na-egosipụta ihe ọkpụkpụ ya.  N'ilekwasị anya na ike dị n'ime nke ọrụ ahụ, onye na-ese ihe na-arụ ọrụ ya karịsịa site na nkedo ọla na ịgbado ọkụ nke mpempe akwụkwọ ọla kọpa, na-eme ka elu nke ọkpụkpụ ahụ dịkwuo elu iji mee ka okwu ederede dị egwu ma dị ike. Dị ka okwu nke ya si kwuo, McCullough na-akọwapụta ihe dị ya n'obi n'otu oge, na-akpụzi echiche ya ka ọ bụrụ nnukwu ihe ọkpụkpụ nke e ji nkwuwa okwu dị ike tụnyere ihe ọkpụkpụ Africa. Nke a pụtara ìhè na ọkpụkpụ ya *Echo 5* sitere na 1993 nke na-eme ka akara ngosi Africa nọdụrụ ala nwere akwa isi na ịcha ahụ. Ndị na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nka dị ka Lisa E. Farrington atụnyere ihe ọkpụkpụ ya akpụrụ akpụ n'ọkpụkpụ na nka nka na ọrụ Barbara Chase-Riboud .   

McCullough kere ọtụtụ nnukwu ọha artworks, gụnyere abụọ lifelike nnọchiteanya nke Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. Ọ gara n'ihu na-eje ozi dị ka a prọfesọ nke Art na Onye isi oche nke Art Department na Rosary College (ugbu a Dominican University ), na River Forest., Illinois, site na 1964 ruo 1989, wee nata nzere doctorate mgbe ọ lara ezumike nka. 

## Ihe ngosi
E gosila ọrụ McCullough n'ọtụtụ ihe ngosi seminal na-elekwasị anya na ụmụ nwanyị Africa America, nke kachasị mkpa: *Free Free: Art by African-American Women 1982–1980*, ihe ngosi njem nke Center for the Visual Arts Gallery, Illinois State University kwadoro; Joslyn Art Museum ; Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts ; Ụlọ ihe nkiri Gibbes; The Art Gallery, Mahadum Maryland, na Indianapolis Museum of Art (1981-1982) na *ọgbọ atọ nke African American Women Sculptors: Ọmụmụ ihe na Paradox*, ihe ngosi ihe ngosi nke Afro-American Historical and Cultural Museum (Philadelphia, Pa) kwadoro. .) na March–September 1996 na Center for the Study of African American Life and Culture, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, Maachị–August 1998.   

Agbakwunyere ọrụ ya na ihe ngosi otu na Brooklyn Museum na 1969 na ihe ngosi mkpokọta ndị ọzọ dị ịrịba ama gụnyere *Eleven Black Printmakers*, Superman College, Atlanta, Georgia, (1969); *25th òkù - Ọkpụkpụ*, Illinois State Museum, Springfield, Illinois (1972); *Ụdị Chicago: Ọkpụkpụ* (Akpọ oku asatọ), Mahadum Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (1974) *Afro-American Art*, Sculpture Johnson Museum, Mahadum Cornell, Ithaca, New York (1975); *Ndị na-ese ihe nkiri ojii nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ*, San Jose Museum of Art, San Jose, California (1976); 

## Ọkpụkpụ ọha
A na-etinye ọtụtụ ihe ọkpụkpụ ọhaneze Geraldine McCullough na Chicago na n'ofe steeti Illinois. Onye na-ese ihe emepụtala ihe ngosi ọla abụọ buru ibu nke Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. *Eze anyị, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr* kere na 1973 dị na Chicago na *Martin Luther King, Jr.* raara onwe ya nye na 1988 ka etinyere na Freedom Corner na Springfield Illinois. 

Ihe oyiyi ọhaneze ndị ọzọ gụnyere *Phoenix Rising* (1977), nke dị na Maywood Civic Plaza (n'akụkụ 5th Ave. na Fred Hampton Way), Maywood, Illinois; *The Bronzeville Walk of Fame* na Chicago; *Mmụọ nke Du Sable* (1977) na Du Sable Museum of African American History sculpture ubi na Chicago; *Millflower* (1979) na Geneva, Illinois, na Pathfinder, raara onwe ya nye na 1982 ma dị na Oak Park, Illinois ebe McCullough biri ma rụọ ọrụ n'ime afọ 40 ikpeazụ ya (1968-2008).  

## Nchịkọta
Ọrụ onye na-ese ihe gụnyere n'ọtụtụ mkpokọta nzuzo na nke ọha gụnyere Mahadum Howard, Washington, DC; Ụlọ akwụkwọ Concordia, River Forest, Illinois; Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Oak Park River, Oakpark, Illinois; Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Oakland, Oakland, California; Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Schenectady, Schenectady, New York; Du Sable Museum of African American History, Chicago, Illinois, na Muriel Ziek Foundation.  "SIRIS - Smithsonian Institution Research Information System". *siris-artinventories.si.edu*. Retrieved 2023-05-28. 

## Ihe nrite, nsọpụrụ
Geraldine McCullough anatala ndịiche mpaghara, mba na mba ụwa n'oge ọrụ nka ya. Na 1964, a kacha mara ya na George D. Widener Memorial Gold Medal maka ihe ọkpụkpụ n'oge ngosi 159th Annual Exhibition nke Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts nke nyere ya mba na mba ụwa. Mgbe e mesịrị, enyị kpọbatara ya ka ọ gaa Moscow, Lenningrad, Alma-Ata na Baku, Soviet Union, Iran, na Prague, Czechoslovakia. "A Gold Medal For Talent. High school art teacher wins top prize for welded scrap metal sculpture". *Ebony* (June). 1964.  N'afọ 2000, ọ natara onyinye nturu ugo Oak Park (IL) Mpaghara Arts Council Joseph Randall Shapiro n'ịkwado nnukwu onyinye ya na nka ma nye ya ikike imepụta iko onyinye Shapiro. 

Ihe nrite ndị ọzọ na ihe dị iche iche gụnyere ihe nrịbama nke Basic Excellence, Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (1945); Akara Azụta, Mahadum Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia (1959); Ihe nrite mbụ na ihe ngosi nka nke Mahadum Atlanta (1961); Nrite mbụ, Chicago Art Institute Alumni (1968); Black Academy of Arts & Letters, New York, New York, Onyinye Afọ Ọhụrụ nke atọ (1972); " Onye Ọkpụkpụ nke Afọ", Njikọ, Incorporated, Washington, DC (1974); Ihe nrite ịzụrụ, Johnson Museum, Mahadum Cornell, Ithaca, New York (1975); Award Achievement Award, YWCAChicago, Illinois (1975), na "Hard-Hat Award" maka Monumental Sculpture, Illinois Arts Council-Art Week, Civic Center Plaza, Chicago, Illinois (1979). 

## Ntụaka
ngosi nke Century of Negro Progress Exposition na Chicago.  Ọrụ ya Phoenix, ihe ọkpụkpụ welded 250-paụnd na ihe ọkpụkpụ ọla Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts ; Ụlọ ihe nkiri Gibbes; The Art Gallery, Mahadum Maryland, na Indianapolis Museum of Art (1981-1982) na ọgbọ atọ nke mmụta John D. Steinbecker ka ọ mụọ na Art Institute of Chicago ebe ọ natara BA na
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations