open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Marion Bamford

**Marion Kathaleen Bamford** bụ onye Zimbabwean  paleobotanist, ọ bụkwa prọfesọ na Mahadum nke Witwatersrand na Johannesburg, South Africa. 

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
 mụrụ Marion na Zimbabwe.  natara PhD, MSc, na BSc (Honors) na Mahadum nke Witwatersrand.

## Ọrụ
Na Mahadum nke Witwatersrand, ọ na-enye nkuzi banyere paleobotany nye ụmụ akwụkwọ na-agụsị akwụkwọ, ma na-eme nchọpụta banyere osisi fossil,  yana fossils akwụkwọ, ntụ ọka mkpụrụ, phytolith, na mgbọrọgwụ site na Oge Permian ruo Oge Holocene.   bipụtara ihe karịrị 100 akwụkwọ akụkọ, ọ bụkwa onye otu Royal Society of South Africa . [1]

## Hụkwa

* Mahadum nke Witwatersrand
* Paleobotany

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Marion Bamfordmbipụta ndị edepụtara site naOnye Ọkà mmụta Google
* Akwụkwọ Marion Bamford bipụtaranaResearchGate
* Akwụkwọ Marion Bamford na PubFacts

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Bertha Stoneman

**Bertha Stoneman** (August 18, 1866 - April 30, 1943) bụ onye America a mụrụ na South Africa. Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Huguenot College site na 1921 ruo 1933, na onye guzobere South African Association of University Women.

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Bertha Stoneman n'ugbo dị nso na Jamestown, New York, nwa nwanyị nke Byron Stoneman na Mary Jane Markaham Stoneman. Nwanne nne ya, Kate Stoneman,  bụ nwanyị mbụ a nabatara na ụlọ ikpe New York State, nwanne nna ya George Stoneman bụ ọchịagha na Agha Obodo America ma mesịa bụrụ gọvanọ nke California. Bertha Stoneman gụsịrị akwụkwọ  Mahadum Cornell na 1894 na 1896, n'otu n'otu. Nnyocha edemede  metụtara anthracnoses . [1]

## Ọrụ
thumb|ihe osise sitere na Bertha Stoneman, Plants and their ways in South Africa (1915) (14773569171)
Mgbe  gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ nakweere ọkwa dị ka onye isi nke ngalaba botany na Huguenot College, kọleji ụmụ nwanyị na Wellington, South Africa.  malitere herbarium nke Huguenot mepụtara nchịkọta osisi ya, ma kụzie ọmụmụ na nkà mmụta uche na arụmụka yana botany. N'afọ 1923, o guzobere South African Federation of University Women, ma bụrụ onye isi oche mbụ ya.  ghọrọ onye isi oche nke Huguenot University College na 1921, [1] wee laa ezumike nká n'ọkwa ahụ na 1933. [2]  nkuzi Stoneman, Plants and their Ways in South Africa (1906), [1] [2] bụ akwụkwọ e kenyere n'ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ South Africa, ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ. Otu 'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ ya ama ama bụ Olive Coates Palgrave na Ethel Doidge.

ỤkpụrụNdepụta nke onye edemede Onye Nkumea na-eji egosi onye a dị ka onye dere ya mgbena-ekwu maka yaaaha osisi.[11]

## Ndụ onwe onye
Stoneman nwụrụ n'ụlọ na South Africa na 1943, mgbe ọ dị afọ 76.   na-edebe akwụkwọ ya na Mahadum Cornell . [1]  nwere ụlọ nyocha ihe ọkụkụ na Mahadum Pretoria nke akpọrọ Stoneman, na South African Association of Women Graduates na-enye onyinye kwa afọ n'aha ya.

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Akụkọ ndụ Bertha StonemannaS2A3Biographical Database nke Southern African Science
* Bertha StonemannaChọta Ili
* Akụkọ ndụ
Rhona Rapoport

**Rhona Valerie Rapoport** (29 Jenụwarị 1927 - 24 Nọvemba 2011) bụ onye sayensị mmekọrịta ọha na eze nke South Africa nke a maara maka nyocha ya gbasara nguzozi ọrụ na ndụ. Afọ  nke nyocha na edemede Rapoport lekwasịrị anya n'ọrụ, ndụ, okike, ikpe ziri ezi, na ịdị iche iche.  mere nke a site n'iso di ya na ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ n'ọtụtụ mba dị iche iche.

## Akụkọ ndụ
thumb|213x213px|Ili nke Rhona Rapoport na Highgate CemeteryEbe E liri Ndị Mmadụ na Highgate
 mụrụ Rapoport na Rhona Ross na Cape Town, South Africa. O nwetara akara ugo mmụta na sayensị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na Mahadum Cape Town na 1946, na PhD na mmekọrịta mmadụ na eze na London School of Economics. Rapoport zụrụ ka ọ bụrụ onye na-enyocha uche na London Institute of Psychoanalysis . 

N'afọ 1957, Rhona lụrụ onye na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya bụ Robert Rapoport. Ha biri na Boston, Massachusetts, ebe Rhona bụ onye nduzi nke nyocha ezinụlọ na mmemme ahụike uche obodo nke Harvard Medical School na School of Public Health .  'etiti afọ 1960, di na nwunye ahụ kwagara ịrụ ọrụ na Tavistock Institute na London na 1973, ha guzobere Institute of Family and Environmental Research na London.  rụrụ ọrụ na Centre for Gender in Organisations na Simmons Graduate School of Management na Boston n'oge 1990s ma dee ma ọ bụ soro dee ihe karịrị akwụkwọ 20.

 afọ iri abụọ, Rapoport rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ maka Ford Foundation, ebe ọ mepụtara usoro nyocha iji kwado ndị sonyere na ọmụmụ ya. 'afọ 2009, otu Working Families kwanyeere ya ugwu "maka nyocha ya na echiche ọhụrụ n'ọhịa ọrụ na ndụ ezinụlọ".

Rapoport nwụrụ n'afọ 2011. E liri ntụ ya na nke di ya n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Highgate Cemetery.   &#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Akwụkwọ

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* 
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* 

## Edensibia
Nwanyị Na-amaghị Nwoke

**Virgo** nwere ike na-ezo aka:

Fanye paragraf

￼￼Virgo (ịgụ akwụkwọ)￼￼, akara nke isii nke zodiac

￼Virgo (ìgwè akwụkwọ)￼, otu mkpị

￼￼Ụyọkọ Virgo￼￼, ụzọ dị na akwụkwọ Virgo

￼ ￼ Virgo Stellar Stream￼￼, foduru nke mkpọrọ dwarf

￼￼Virgo Supercluster￼￼,  mụrụ ụgbọala

￼￼Virgo interferometer￼￼, telescope nke Europe nwere ike ndọda

*  Europe nwere ike ndọda

* Virgo (ihe nkiri), ihe nkiri Egypt 1970
* Virgo (ihe nkiri), agwa Marvel Comics
* Virgos Merlot, ma ọ bụ Virgos, otu egwu egwu America
*  (album), nke Virgo Four, 1989
* "Virgo", egwu nke Atmosphere sitere na *mpaghara Mi Vida*, 2018

* Virgo (nla), ụdị nla
* Virgo (software), ihe nkesa ngwa Java mepere emepe
* Virgo (aha nna)
* Aqua Virgo, otu n'ime ọdọ mmiri iri na otu nyere obodo Rome oge ochie
* SuperStar Virgo, ụgbọ mmiri ụgbọ mmiri mega nke Star Cruises na-arụ ma nwe ya
* USS Virgo (AKA-20), ụgbọ mmiri ndị agha mmiri United States na-ebuso ibu agha
* Virgin Mary (Latin: *Maria Virgo* )
Òtù WIYN

. Otu ntọala WIYN Consortium bụ Mahadum Wisconsin – Madison (W), Ndị Mahadum Indiana (I), Mahadum Yale (Y), na National Optical Astronomy Observatories (N).  Mahadum Yale wepụrụ na WIYN consortium na 1, 2014, ma Mahadum Missouri gosiri na ike nke afọ ahụ.  Na 2015, fim NASA-NSF nke a na-akpọ NN-EXPLORE weghaara òkè NOAO nke ọma, ọ bụ ebe na NOAO ka na-ike ọrụ ahụ.  [1] Mahadum Purdue sonyeere na 2017 maka afọ atọ

Na 2001, WIYN Consortium weghaara njikwa KPNO 36-inch (910 mm) teliskop, nke e wuru na 1960, ma me ije ya dị ka igwe onyonyo WIYN 0.9 m .  Igwe teliskop nta a ma ama ama n'ihe ize ndụ nke ịbụ onye a na-agba ọkụ n'ihi mmeri fu ego.
Vela (ìgwè kpakpando)

Vela bụ ọrịa dị na mbara igwe ndịda, nke nwere Vela Supercluster .  Aha ya bụ Latin maka ụgbọ mmiri nke ụgbọ mmiri, ọ bụkwa ihe nke nnukwu m, ụgbọ mmiri Argo Navis, bụ nke e ezi kewaa ụzọ atọ, ndị ọzọ Carina na Puppis .  N'ihe dị ka 1.8, ndị na-esopụ ppụpụ bụ ndị na-acha ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ Gamma Velorum, otu ihe nke ya bụ Wolf-Rayet na mbara igwe.  Delta na Kappa Velorum, ya na Epsilon na Iota Carinae, na-etolite asterism a mara dị ka Cross-egosi.  1.95-magnitude Delta bụ n'ezie usoro usoro atọ ma ọ bụ quintuple.

. Argo Navis bụ otu n'ime ụzọ 48 oge gboo nke onye na-egosi mbara igwe nke mbụ afụ nke abụọ Ptolemy depụtara, ma nọchite anya ụgbọ mmiri Argo, nke Jason na Argonauts ji mee ihe n'ọchịchọ ha na-achọ Ahịhịa Ọlaedo na  oge ifo Gris .  Onye na-ese foto German bụ Johann Bayer mịji na Uranometria ya nke 1603, ma nye akwụkwọ Bayer aha site na Alfa ruo Omega.  Otú ọ dị, chaatị ya ụkpụrụ ezi n'ihi na a naghị ahụ ike ahụ anya site na Northern Hemisphere

. Onye France na-ekiri mbara igwe bụ Nicolas Louis de Lacaille debere Argo nke ọma ma kewaa ya na 1752, na-akpụ Carina ( keel ), Vela (ịkpọ mmiri), na Puppis ( ebe a na-adzọba ọkwọ ).  N'agbanyeghị nkewa ahụ, Lacaille debere aha Argo's Bayer .  Ya mere.

Vela dị n'ụdị Antlia na Pyxis n'ebe ugwu, Puppis n'ebe ugwu egwuregwu, Carina na ndịda na ndị na-afọ-unu, na Centaurus n'akpọrọ egwuregwu.  Na-ekpuchi ogo 500 square, ọ nọ n'ọkwa 32nd n'ime m eji 88 ọgbara ọhụrụ n'ogo.  Mbiri nke ụzọ atọ maka mmị, dị ka International Astronomical Union nakweere na 1922, bụ "Vel".

### Kpakpando
Cherryl Walker

**Cherryl Walker** bụ prọfesọ nke Sociology na Ngalaba nke Sociology na Social Anthropology na Mahadum Stellenbosch, nke ọ sonyeere na 2005,  ma bụrụkwa DSI / NRF SARChI Chair na Sociology of Land, Environment and Sustainable Development na Stellenbosch kemgbe 2016.   bụ onye nwere ikike na South Africa - ọkachamara na nkesa / mweghachi ala South Africa, mgbanwe ala, okike na cosmopolitanism, na mmekọrịta gburugburu ebe obibi.

 bụ Kọmishọna nke Regional Land Claims na KwaZulu-Natal site na 1995 ruo 2000.

## Mmụta
O nwetara nzere masta na Mahadum nke Cape Town na 1978. 

## Akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ

### Akwụkwọ

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* 

### Akụkọ ndị a na-ede na akwụkwọ akụkọ

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## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Cherryl Walkermbipụta ndị edepụtara site naOnye Ọkà mmụta Google
* Akwụkwọ ndị Cherryl Walker bipụtaranaResearchGate
Greg Mills

**Gregory John Barrington Mills** (amụrụ na 9 Mee 1962)  bụ onye isi Brenthurst Foundation, nke dị na Johannesburg, South Africa, nke ndị Oppenheimers guzobere na 2005 iji mee ka arụmọrụ akụ na ụba Africa sie ike.

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Mills na Denis Arthur Barrington Mills na Nanette Mary How Elliott - ọ bụkwa nwa nwa nke onye ọkwọ ụgbọala South African Grand Prix William Arthur Frank "Billy" Mills tupu agha. Mills nwere BA Honours site na Mahadum Cape Town, na MA na PhD site na Machịum Lancaster.

## Ọrụ
Site  1996-2005 ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nduzi mba nke South African Institute of International Affairs .  Ọ kụziri  na Mahadum nke Western Cape na ugbu a [mgbe?] na Centre for Defence & International Security Studies na Lancaster.  Ọ bụ onye nkuzi nleta na NATO Higher Defence College na Rome, ọ bụkwa Fellow nke Royal Society of Arts.

Ọ bụ onye na-eme nchọpụta nke Centre for Defence and International Security Studies (CDISS), onye otu Council na Associate Fellow nke Royal United Services Institute for Defence et Security Studies (RUSI), na onye otu International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS). Ọ na-eje ozi n'ọtụtụ bọọdụ nchịkọta akụkọ mba ụwa.

## Ndụ onwe onye
Ọ lụrụ onye na-ese ihe Janet Margaret Wilson. Ha nwere ụmụ atọ, Amelia, Beatrix, na William.

N'oge ezumike ya, ihe ntụrụndụ Mills gụnyere iweghachi na ịgba ọsọ ụgbọala ndị na-agba ọsọ. Ọ bụ onye na-ede akwụkwọ ise gbasara egwuregwu ịnyịnya nke ndịda Afrịka. Ndị a gụnyere:

*

## Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara

### Akwụkwọ

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* Mills, Greg, J. Peter Pham, na David Kilcullen (2013). "Somalia: idozi steeti kachasị daa n'Afrịka. " Cape Town: Tafelberg Short.
* 

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Greg Mills - Otu South Africa si arụ ọrụ ma kwesịkwa ime nke ọma
* RSIS Nkwurịta Okwu Ọha site na Dr Greg Mills
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Wilhelm Verwoerd

**Wilhelm Johannes Verwoerd** (amụrụ na Febụwarị 21, 1964)  bụ onye na-ahụ maka nhazi na onye nchọpụta na Mahadum Stellenbosch na onye na-eme ihe gbasara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.  nwa Hendrik Verwoerd, nke a maara dị ka onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke ọchịchị ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, Verwoerd agọnahụla echiche ndị ezinụlọ ya na ha nwere njikọ zuru oke wee sonye na ANC.

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ ya na Pretoria na Wilhelm na Elise (née Smit) Verwoerd na 21 Febụwarị 1964, Wilhelm bụ onye otu ezinụlọ Afrikaner a ma ama. Nna nna ya bụ Praịm Minista South Africa Hendrik Verwoerd. Ọ bụ ezie na a zụlitere ya n'ezinụlọ na gburugburu ebe obibi nke na-adịghị anabata njikọta agbụrụ, ọ gbanwere echiche ya banyere ịkpa ókè agbụrụ mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Netherlands na Mahadum Oxford.

O nwere MA na nkà ihe ọmụma site na Mahadum Stellenbosch na 1989,  MA na PPE site na Machị Oxford na PhD na Applied Ethics site na Maazị Johannesburg. 

## Ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ na ndụ ya
Nnyocha Verwoerd na-elekwasị anya n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na ime udo, mgbaghara na mgbaghara, nke o dere ọtụtụ isiokwu na ya. Ọ bụ onye nchọpụta na Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nhazi mmemme na onye nhazi na Ireland, n'ime Glencree Center for Peace and Reconciliation's Survivors na ndị bụbu Combatants Programme n'etiti afọ 2002 na 2011. Ọ bụbu onye nduzi nke Beyond Walls Ltd. Site na 2019 ọ bụ onye nchọpụta dị elu na onye nhazi n'ime Studies in Historical Trauma and Transformation, Stellenbosch University.

'afọ 1992, Verwoerd sonyeere ANC n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro, nke mere ka ọtụtụ nkatọ na egwu sitere n'aka ndị Afrikaners na-alụ ọgụ - n'ihi agbụrụ ezinụlọ ya. Nke  wetara esemokwu na ezinụlọ ya.

## Ndụ onwe onye
Verwoerd lụrụ Melanie Fourie na 1987, onye ya na ya mụrụ ụmụ abụọ, Wilmé (amụrụ na 1990) na Wian (amụrụ 1992).  Ha gbara alụkwaghịm na 2005. Wilhelm mechara lụọ nwunye  nke abụọ Sharon, onye bụ onye Australia.

## Akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ

### Akwụkwọ

* Wilhelm Verwoerd (1996). Verwoerd dị ndụ?: kronieke van 'n'ị. Human & Rousseau.
* Wilhelm Verwoerd (2018). Bloedbande: 'n Donker tuiskoms. Tafelberg
* Wilhelm Verwoerd (2019). Verwoerd: Njem m site na aghụghọ ezinụlọ. Tafelberg

### Akwụkwọ ndị edepụtara edepụtara

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### Akụkọ ndị a na-ede na akwụkwọ akụkọ

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## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Oge eruola ịgbaghara? - Dr Wilhelm Verwoerd
* Dr. Wilhelm Verwoerd na-ekwu maka ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na ngwọta esemokwu
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2021

2021 Africa Cup of Nations (nke a na-akpọkwa **AFCON 2021** ma ọ bụ **CAN 2021**), nke a maara dị ka **TotalEnergies** 2021 Africa Cup nke Nations maka ebumnuche nkwado,  bụ mbipụta nke 33 nke Africa Cup of nations, asọmpi bọọlụ ụmụ nwoke nke mba ụwa nke Africa nke Confederation of African Football (CAF) haziri. Cameroon kwadoro asọmpi ahụ, ma mee ya site na 9 Jenụwarị ruo 6 Febụwarị 2022.

E bu ụzọ hazie ka emere asọmpi ahụ na June na July 2021. Otú  dị, CAF mara ọkwa na 15 Jenụwarị 2020 na n'ihi ọnọdụ ihu igwe na-adịghị mma n'oge ahụ, a dezigharịrị asọmpi ahụ ka a kpọọ ya n'etiti 9 Jenụwarụ na 6 Febụwarị 2021.  30 June 2020, CAF kwagara ụbọchị asọmpi ahụ na Jenụwarị 2022 na-esote mmetụta nke ọrịa COVID-19 gafee kọntinent ahụ, ka ọ na-ejigide aha 2021 Africa Cup of Nations maka ebumnuche nkwado.

Algeria bụ ndị na-agbachitere ndị mmeri, mana e wepụrụ ha na agba nke mbụ mgbe ha mechara n'ala nke otu ha. Senegal meriri n'asọmpi AFCON nke mbụ mgbe ha meriri Egypt na 4-2 ikpeazụ na penalties, na-esote 0-0 draw mgbe oge gbakwunyere.
## Edensibia
Lyn Wadley

**Lyn Wadley** bụ prọfesọ na-asọpụrụ nke nkà mmụta ihe ochie, ma jikọta ya na Ngalaba Archaeology na Institute for Evolution na Mahadum nke Witwatersrand na Johannesburg, South Africa.

## Mmụta
Wadley nwetara nzere masta ya na Mahadum Cape Town na 1977, na PhD ya na Machịum Witwatersrand na 1986. 

## Ọrụ
Wadley kụziri na School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies na Evolutionary Studies Institute, Mahadum nke Witwatersrand site na 1982 ruo 2004.  Wadley malitere ọrụ ya na-eme nchọpụta banyere mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na gburugburu ebe obibi na Late Stone Age na South Africa. Nke  gụnyere echiche mbụ banyere okike na ihe ndekọ ihe ochie nke Southern Africa, dịka Mazel si kọwaa "nke a etinyela ọmụmụ nke okike na map ihe ochie nke South Africa". Ọ duziri nchọpụta n'ọtụtụ ebe Holocene na Magaliesberg wee malite ịrụ ọrụ na ebe ochie, Pleistocene. Prọfesọ Wadley nọrọ afọ iri  otu na-egwu Rose Cottage Cave na Eastern Free State. Site na 1998-2011, nchọpụta ya na Sibudu Rock Shelter na KwaZulu-Natal dugara n'usoro nghọta na mbipụta banyere ikike ọgụgụ isi mmadụ.Wadley ekwuola na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ojiji nke ihe nkedo na ihe nkedo bụ ihe akaebe doro anya maka usoro echiche nke oge a, gụnyere ọtụtụ ọrụ, nke a chọtara na South Africa 100,000 afọ gara aga. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ lara ezumike nká na mahadum, ọ ka na-elekọta ụmụ akwụkwọ Ph.D.  duziri otu ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ochie na Sibudu rock shelter na KwaZulu-Natal, ma chọpụta ihe akaebe ọhụrụ maka ikike nghọta nke ụmụ mmadụ oge ochie.  depụtara ya na ndepụta Thomson Reuters nke ndị nchọpụta a kpọtụrụ aha nke ukwuu. 'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2019, a họpụtara ya dị ka Fellow nke British Academy . [1]

## Ebe nyocha
Na nyocha Ph.D ya, ọ mepụtara ihe nlereanya nke nzukọ mmekọrịta nke ndị na-achụ nta na ndị na-achịkọta ihe na Holocene Later Stone Age na-elekwasị anya na nchịkọta oge na mgbasa nke ìgwè. Site [9]'igwu ala, ọ chọpụtara ebe a ga-enwe ike ịbịakọta, ebe mgbaba Jubilee, na ebe a ga na-agbasa, Cave James.

Mgbe [10].D. ya gasịrị, ọ malitere igwu Rose Cottage Cave na mpaghara Free State. Nnyocha ya lekwasịrị anya na Holocene na Pleistocene Later Stone Age na Middle Stone Age. [12][11] ndị e gwupụtara wepụtara data dị mkpa banyere nhazi teknụzụ nke ụlọ ọrụ Middle Stone Age Howiesons Poort na mgbagwoju anya nke Omume mmadụ nke oge a n'oge a nke Middle Stone Age.

## Ọrụ e bipụtara
 

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
* Akwụkwọ Lyn Wadley bipụtaranaResearchGate
* Ndị mmadụ site na Lyn Wadley, naSAHRA
* Lyn Wadleymbipụta ndị edepụtara site naOnye Ọkà mmụta Google
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Dewald Roode

**Johannes Dewald Roode** (July 16, 1940 - September 27, 2009) bụ onye nkuzi South Africa na Prọfesọ na Mahadum Pretoria, ọkachamara na nyocha nke Information Systems.

## Akụkọ ndụ
Dewald Roode nwetara B.A. na physics, MA na mgbakọ na mwepụ site na Mahadum Potchefstroom na South Africa, onye ọzọ na physics site n'otu ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, na PhD na nyocha ọrụ n'okpuru nlekọta nke Guus Zoutendijk na Mahadụ Leiden.

N'afọ 1988, a họpụtara Roode ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nke Ngalaba Informatics ọhụrụ na Mahadum Pretoria, ka ọ na-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ ndụmọdụ. N'ime afọ ise nke mmalite, a maara Ngalaba Informatics na Mahadum Pretoria n'ụwa niile, ma nabata ọtụtụ ndị ọbịa mba ụwa na-enye aka nke ukwuu na mmepe na-aga n'ihu nke Ngalaba ahụ.

Mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká n'oge na 2001, Roode bụ prọfesọ nleta na Ngalaba Usoro Ozi na Mahadum Cape Town site na 2003 ruo ọnwụ ya na 2009, nakwa na Mahadụ Teknụzụ Cape Peninsula kemgbe 2004. Ewezuga itinye aka na mahadum dị iche iche, ọ rụchara afọ isii na 2007 dị ka onyeisi oche nke Kọmitii Nkà na ụzụ 8 na Usoro Ozi nke International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP), ọ bụkwa onye otu Kọmitii Nchịkwa nke IFIP's World Information Technology Forum na Lithuania na 2003 na Botswana na 2005. N'afọ 2008, ọ mepụtara ma gosipụta usoro nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe iri na anọ gbasara nyocha na nkà ọhụrụ maka South African Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). Roode lekọtara ihe karịrị ụmụ akwụkwọ doctoral  ruo mgbe ha mechara.

Ọ bụ onye natara onyinye 2008 Association for Information Systems Leo Award maka ihe ịga nke ọma pụrụ iche na ndụ ya na ọzụzụ Information Systems. 'afọ 2008, International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) kwanyeere Dewald Roode ugwu na nrite kachasị elu maka ọrụ, Silver Core.

## Ọrụ
Ọrụ ya nabatara Antipositivism ebe ọ bụ na ụkpụrụ positivist emeghị ka mgbagwoju anya dị na nyocha agụmakwụkwọ nke Africa nabata. Iji kesaa nghọta ya, Roode gosipụtara nhọrọ ezumike nká n'oge na Mahadum Pretoria na 2001 na-enyere ya aka ịrụ ọrụ na mahadum dị iche iche, na itinye oge ka ukwuu na ọzụzụ dị elu nke ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na ụlọ ọrụ kọmputa ndị na-enweghị ohere inweta agụmakwụkwọ dị elu.

O bipụtara n'ọtụtụ ebe banyere nkewa nke mmekọrịta ọha na eze  na n'ozuzu ya na nkuzi nke Information Systems . 

## Hụkwa

* 217510 Dewaldroode, asteroid

## Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ

* 1968. *Ọrụ Lagrangian zuru oke na mmemme mgbakọ na mwepụ*
* 1972. *Ihe nlereanya, ihe ngosi na-eme n'ọrụ*
* 2008. Ọganihu na Nnyocha Usoro Ozi, Mmụta na Omume: Ifip 20th World Computer Congress, Tc 8, Information Systems, September 7-10, 2008, Milan, Italy. David Avison, George M. Kasper, Barbara Pernici, Isabel Ramos, Dewald Roode. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Dewald Roode, 2008 LEO Onye mmeri
Laura Silberstein

**Laura Silberstein** bụ onye American psychologist, psychotherapist na onye edemede.  

## Mmụta
Silberstein nwetara nzere doctorate ya na nkà mmụta uche na Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology na Mahadum Yeshiva.<

## Nkà na ụbụrụ
Silberstein bụ onye nchoputa nke Center for Compassion Focused Therapy na New York. Ọ bụ ọkachamara na usoro ndị dabeere na ihe akaebe maka ịgwọ ọtụtụ nsogbu uche. na-enyekwa ndị na-agwọ ọrịa na CFT, ACT na DBT.

Silberstein bụ osote prọfesọ ndụmọdụ na Ferkauf School of Psychology na Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Ihe nchọpụta ya gụnyere ọgwụgwọ na-elekwasị anya na ọmịiko, mmetụta uche, uche na mgbanwe uche.  bipụtara nnyocha ya banyere ihe ndị bụ isi nke Emotional Schema Theory na International Journal of Cognitive Therapy .   

## Ọrụ

* Ntuziaka onye ọrụ ACT maka sayensị nke ọmịiko: Ngwá ọrụ maka ịkwalite mgbanwe uche (2014) na Benjamin Schoendorff na Dennis Tirch 
* Buddhist Psychology and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (2015) na Dennis Tirch, Russell L. Kolts 
* Otu esi eme onwe  obi ụtọ: The Everyday Guide to Self Compassion: Effective Strategies to Increase Self-Love and Acceptance (2019) [1]
* Ịnọ ACT site  Inside Out: A Self-Practice/Self-Reflection Workbook for Therapists (2019) na Martin J. Brock, M. Joann Wright, R. Trent Codd na Dennis Tirch [1]

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Keneiloe Molopyane

thumb|Keneiloe Molopyane
**Keneiloe Molopyane** (amụrụ na 1987 na Benoni) bụ onye South African biological archaeologist na paleoanthropologist .  Ọ malitere ịmụ nkà mmụta ihe ochie na Mahadum Pretoria, ma mesịa nweta nzere masta na nkà mmụta ihe mgbe ochie na Machịum York. N'afọ 2021, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ doctoral na Biological Anthropology na Mahadum Wits. 'afọ 2021, National Geographic Society kpọrọ ya "onye nchọpụta na-apụta".

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta nke ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ochie

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Michael M. Thackeray

**Michael Makepeace Thackeray** FRS (amụrụ na 1949) bụ onye na-eme nchọpụta na batrị na South Africa. A maara ya nke ọma maka ọrụ ya na ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ na electrochemically. 'etiti afọ 1980 ọ chọtara ezinụlọ Manganese oxide spinel nke cathodes maka Batrị lithium ion mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ nyocha nke John Goodenough na Mahadum Oxford. 'afọ 1998, mgbe ọ nọ na Argonne National Laboratory, ọ duziri otu ndị mbụ kọrọ banyere teknụzụ cathode NMC. E nyere nchebe patent gburugburu echiche na ihe ndị ahụ na 2005 na Argonne National Laboratory nye otu ndị otu Thackeray, Khalil Amine, Jaekook Kim, na Christopher Johnson.  na-eji ihe a a kọrọ ugbu a eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ngwá electronic na ụgbọala eletrik. [1] [2] [3] 

## Ọrụ
Thackeray nwetara M.Sc na Ph.D. ya na Chemistry na Mahadum Cape Town, South Africa.  Mgbe  gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na CSIR nke South Africa site na 1973 ruo 1977 dị ka onye nchọpụta na National Physical Research Laboratory na Pretoria . [1] Site na 1981-82, nakwa na 1985, ya na John Goodenough rụkọrọ ọrụ na Mahadum Oxford. N'afọ 1983, Thackeray laghachiri na CSIR dị ka onye isi otu nke ngalaba Ceramics na n'afọ 1988 a kpọrọ ya onye njikwa nyocha na Battery Technology Unit. N'afọ 1994, Thackeray kwagara na Ngalaba Nkà na Ụzụ kemịkal na Argonne National Laboratory na United States, ebe a kpọrọ ya Onye isi otu nke Battery Materials Group n'ime Ngalaba Nchekwa Electrochemical Energy. Ọ bụ onye nchoputa nke Center for Electrochemical Energy Science (CEES), a Department of Energy Frontier Research Center, ebe ọ na-ahụ maka nyocha iji ghọta lithium-air storage chemistry, polymerized cathode coatings, na cathode surface stability. Ọ lara ezumike nká na 2019.

 esorola dee ihe karịrị akwụkwọ 200, o nwekwara ihe karịrị akwụkwọ ikike iri isii.

A họpụtara ya dịka Fellow nke The Electrochemical Society na 2014  na Fellow nke Royal Society na 2022.   natara Electrochemical Society Battery Division Research Award na 2005, [1] Yeager Award nke International Battery Association na 2011 na International Battery association Medal of Excellence na 2019. [2]

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Michael Thackeray, Argonne experts page, Retrieved am 17.05.2012
* Nkwupụta nke Hydro-Québec na Technifin, Retrieved 17.05.2012
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Marc Zimmer

**Marc Zimmer** (amụrụ na Julaị 26, 1961) bụ Jean Tempel '65 Prọfesọ nke Chemistry na Connecticut College.  bipụtara akwụkwọ asaa, [1] [2] edemede edere banyere Sayensị na ọgwụ maka Los Angeles Times, USA Today, Huffington Post, wdg. A gbara ya ajụjụ ọnụ ma ọ bụ kwuo ya na Economist, [3] Science, Nature wdg.

Zimmer na-edozi Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ GFP,   tweets banyere GFP (@lightUpScience) ma o bipụtara ihe karịrị akwụkwọ nyocha 60 banyere flatulence ehi, kọmpụta kemịkal na bioluminescence na fireflies na jellyfish. Zimmer bụ onye mbido na onye nduzi nke mmemme Connecticut College Science Leaders, mmemme iji mụbaa ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ akwụkwọ ole na ole na-agụsị akwụkwọ na kọleji nwere nzere na ahụmịhe nyocha na sayensị.

## Bọọdụ, ihe nrite, wdg

* Sayensị na onye na-enwe obi abụọ na 2023 Russell Freedman Award for Nonfiction for a Better World! Russell Freedman Award maka Nonfiction for a Better World! Onyinye nke Society of Children's Book Writers and Illustrators.
* 2020 longlist AAAS/Subaru SB&F Prize for Excellence in Middle Grades Science BooksIhe nrite AAAS/Subaru SB&F maka Ịdị Mma na Akwụkwọ Sayensị nke Middle Grades
* Onye ọbịa na NPR's "Where we Live" show banyere Bioluminescence
* Prọfesọ, Semester na Oké Osimiri, Oge opupu ihe ubi "12, Oge okpomọkụ '13, Oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ '16 na Oge mgbụsị Akwụkwọ '23 njem
* ACS Western Connecticut Visiting Scientist Award maka afọ 2013
* The Princeton Review's 'Best 300 Prọfesọ', 2012
* Huffington Post  otu n'ime "13 n'ime ndị prọfesọ kọleji kachasị mma na mba ahụ", 2012 [1]
* Carnegie Foundation na Council for Advancement and Support of Education, Connecticut, Prọfesọ nke Afọ, 2007
* John S. Burlew Connecticut Valley Section Award iji kwado onyinye dị ịrịba ama na kemịkalụ, 2005
* Onye isi oche mmemme, Inorganic Division, American Chemical Society, 1999-2003

### Isiokwu ndị e dere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya

* "A Colorful Answer To Pregnancy Puzzle. A Eureka Moment For Chemists: Azịza A Chọtara na Fruit Fly Poop". M. Zimmer Hartford Courant, February 6, 2011.
* "Optogenetics: Ụmụ oke atọ na-adịghị ahụ anya (ọ bụla ọzọ) " M. Zimmer Providence Journal, May 7, 2011.
* "Iwelite Chickens iji gbochie ọrịa influenza nnụnụ" Huffington Post, Nọvemba 28, 2012.
* "Dengue Fever vs. Glowing Mosquitoes" USA Today, February 22, 2013.
* "Luminescent Eel Muscles Fluorescent Protein Revolution into Clinic". Huffington Post, June 18, 2013.
* "Mending Broken Hearts: Iji Embryonic Stem Cells iji dozie mmebi nke ọrịa obi kpatara". Huffington Post, May 9, 2014.
* "Ụtụ isi isii iji nyere gị aka ịchọpụta akụkọ sayensị adịgboroja" The Conversation, March 15, 2021.
* "Site na CRISPR gaa na protein na-egbuke egbuke gaa na optogenetics - ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị" teknụzụ kachasị ike agbaziri site na okike. "The Conversation, August 5, 2021.
* "AI na-eme nnukwu ọganihu na-ebu amụma otú protein si agbakọta - otu n'ime ihe ịma aka kachasị ukwuu nke ihe ndị dị ndụ - na-ekwe nkwa mmepe ọgwụ ngwa ngwa". The Conversation, December 2, 2020.

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe obibi nke Marc Zimmer
* Ebe obibi GFP nke Marc Zimmer
* Ịgafe ebili mmiri fluorescent - okwu GFP TED-X
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Nazira Karodia

**Nazira Karodia** MBE CChem FRSC bụ onye na-emepụta kemịkal, Prọfesọ nke Mmụta Sayensị na osote onye isi ala na Mahadum Edinburgh Napier (2021- ugbu a). Ọ bụbu onye isi oche maka Regional Engagement na Mahadum Wolverhampton.  na-arụ ọrụ na organic synthesis, green chemistry, heterocyclic compounds na agụmakwụkwọ sayensị.

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
 mụrụ Karodia ma too na South Africa n'okpuru ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. Dị ka ọtụtụ ndị na-abụghị ndị Europe, ọ tara ahụhụ site na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ n'oge ọ na-aga akwụkwọ.  nwere ike ịmụ kemịkalụ na Mahadum Natal, nke bụ naanị maka ndị ọcha, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1990.  hapụrụ South Africa na 1992. [1]  gụsịrị PhD.D. ya na Mahadum St Andrews, [1] na-arụ ọrụ na phosphorus Yilede nke Alan Aitken lekọtara na 1995. [2]  

## Ọrụ na nyocha
Karodia sonyeere Mahadum Florida  ka onye otu na Centre for Heterocyclic Chemistry ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Benzothiazines na Benzotriazoles mepụtara.    họpụtara Karodia ka ọ bụrụ onye nkuzi dị elu na Mahadum Bradford ma mee ya onye nduzi STEM na 1998. [1] N'ebe a, Karodia zụlitere mmasị ya na agụmakwụkwọ sayensị na mmemme mgbasa ozi sayensị nke na-achọ ịba uru na obodo.  bụ onye isi otu Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) STEM program, ebe e mere ya Regional Director (Yorkshire, Humber na North East) nke National HE STEM program.  kemịkal  lekwasịrị anya na mmiri ionic na mmiri crystalline polymers.   akụkụ nke ọrụ GENOVATE nke European Union kwadoro: *Ịgbanwe ọdịbendị nhazi maka ịha nhata nwoke na nwanyị na nyocha na ihe ọhụrụ*. [1] [2]  na-arụkwa ọrụ na mmemme iji kwalite ọrụ na sayensị na injinia, ọkachasị maka ụmụ akwụkwọ si n'akụkụ ndị na-anọchite anya ha.

Kemgbe afọ 2021 ọ nọ n'ọkwa osote onye isi ala na Mahadum Edinburgh Napier .  nke , ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Mahadum Wolverhampton ebe ọ bụ Pro Vice Chancellor Regional Engagement (February 2020 - July 2021), Dean of the Faculty of Science and Engineering (Februory 2016 -January 2020) na Prọfesọ nke Science Education.  na-arụkọ ọrụ na Doaba Group of Colleges . [1] 'afọ 2018 ọ malitere usoro sayensị ahụike ọhụrụ.

## Onyinye na nsọpụrụ
Karodia  otuto site na National Educational Opportunities Network (NEON) na 2015 maka onyinye pụtara ìhè maka ịgbasawanye ohere.  họpụtara ya dị ka otu n'ime Royal Society of Chemistry's Top 175 Faces of Chemistory na 2016. [1] 'afọ 2017, e nyere ya ihe nrite Women-in-Science na ShruthiUK Birmingham Thyagaraja Festival. 'afọ 2015, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Fellow nke Royal Society of Chemistry (FRSC). [1]

họpụtara Karodia ka ọ bụrụ Onye otu Order of the British Empire (MBE) na 2022 New Year Honours maka ọrụ na sayensị kemịkal.

## Ndụ onwe onye
 nwere ụmụ ejima, ha abụọ gụrụ physics na mahadum.  tụfuru otu ejima n'ihi ọrịa sickle cell n'afọ 2012. [1]  York, ebe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ, nwere onyinye iji sọpụrụ ya.

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Azụmaahịa Nnụnụ

Birding Business, bụ akwụkwọ azụmahịa n'efu nke jere ozi dị ka isi akụkọ azụmahịa ma ka ụlọ ọrụ nnụnụ ọhịa na ngwaahịa okike. Ọ dabeere na O"Lakes na steeti Florida dị na United States.  Management, Inc. bipụtara magazin ahụ ugboro ise kwa afọ obula. Ọ malitere na n'afọ 1995.  bipụtara mbipụta ikpeazụ nke magazin ahụ na Septemba n'afọ 2015. [1]

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta nke akwụkwọ akụkọ na magazin ndị metụtara nnụnụ na nnụnụ

## Edemsibe
Krish Mackerdhuj

**Krish Mackerdhuj** (15 Ọgọst 1939 - 26 Mee 2004) bụ onye South Africa chemist, onye ọrụ cricket, na onye nnọchi anya mba ọzọ.

## Oge ọ malitere
A mụrụ Mackerdhuj na 15 Ọgọstụ 1939 na Durban, Natal Province . "Krish Mackerdhuj". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 19 October 2022. Ọ gara Sastri College na Durban ma mesịa gụchaa nzere Bachelor of Science na Mahadum Fort Hare . Compton, Patrick (26 May 2004). "Former UCB president Krish Mackerdhuj dies". IOL. Retrieved 19 October 2022. rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka teknụzụ kemịkal maka Shell na BP.

## Cricket
Mackerdhuj gbara klọb cricket Compton, Patrick (26 May 2004). "Former UCB president Krish Mackerdhuj dies". IOL. Retrieved 19 October 2022. Durban mana ọ lara ezumike nká n'ihi mmerụ ahụ.  gbara bọọlụ itoolu nke klas mbụ. 'afọ ndị 1970 na 1980 ọ bụ onye otu South African Council on Sport (SACOS), nke a ghọtara dị ka aka egwuregwu nke ndị na-emegide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ.  bụ onye isi oche nke ọtụtụ agbụrụ South African Cricket Board (SACB) site na 1984 ruo 1991. Na njedebe nke ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, Mackerdhuj rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa na njikọta nke SACB na ndị ọcha South African Cricket Union (SACU). A họpụtara Mackerdhuj dị ka onye isi oche mbụ nke United Cricket Board nke South Africa na 1992. Vice, Telford (26 May 2004). "The smiling face of South African cricket". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 19 October 2022. na Ali Bacher, o nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịgba mbọ ka e nye South Africa ikike ịnabata 2003 Cricket World Cup.

## Ihe omume ndị ọzọ
Mackerdhuj jere ozi dị ka onye nnọchi anya South Africa na Japan site na 1998 ruo 2003.   mechara gwa ya ka ọ bụrụ onye nnọchi anya na Uzbekistan, mana ọ jụrụ ọnọdụ ahụ n'ihi ọrịa.

## Ndụ onwe onye na ihe nketa
Mackerdhuj nwụrụ na 26 Mee 2004 na St Augustine's Hospital, Durban. Ọ rịara obere nkụchi obi ọnwa abụọ tupu mgbe ahụ. Nwunye  Sminthra na ụmụ ya nwoke Prashim na Avin hapụrụ ya.

 Jenụwarị 2011, South Africa kwadoro India maka otu Twenty20 International na Durban, onye mmeri nke e nyere Krish Mackerdhuj Trophy.

## Edensibia
Ebe Ngosi Nnụnụ nke Ụsọ Oké Osimiri

Suncoast Seabird Sanctuary, bụ ebe nchekwa nnụnụ na Indian Shores, Florida nke na-arụ ọrụ site n'afọ 1971-2016.  afọ 1990, a kpọrọ ụlọ ọgwụ nnụnụ ya "ụlọ ọgwụ nnụisi ọhịa kachasị ukwuu na North America".  Ebe nsọ ahụ na-arụ ọrụ naanị na onyinye onwe onye ma bụrụ ebe nchekwa nnụnụ ọhịa kachasị ukwuu na-abụghị maka uru na ebe nrụzigharị na United States. A raara ebe nsọ ahụ nye nnapụta, nrụzi, imezigharị na ntọhapụ nke nnụnụ ọhịa na-arịa ọrịa na / ma ọ bụ merụrụ ahụ, ma nye nnụnụ ndị a na-apụghị ịtọhapụ ebe obibi na-adịgide na gbụrụ-gbúrụ ebe dị nchebe na nke dị mma.

 onwa Jenụwarị, afọ 2013, ndị ọrụ nọ n'ebe nsọ ahụ hapụrụ n'ihi akwụghị ụgwọ. Ebe nsọ ahụ nọgidere na-emeghe, n'ihi mgbalị na-adịghị agwụ ike nke mmadụ ole na ole raara onwe ha nye.  onwa Eprel n'afọ 2013, ndị otu nnapụta anụmanụ nke Sumter Disaster nyeere Sanctuary aka imezigharị ma kwadebe ụlọ ọgwụ nnụnụ ọhịa ka ọ meghee ọzọ.

N'ihi nkwekọrịta iwu na Septemba n'afọ 2016, Suncoast Seabird Sanctuary kwụsịrị ọrụ ma mechie mgbe afọ 45 nke ọrụ gasịrị. Mgbe mmechi nke Suncoast gasịrị, otu nzukọ ọhụrụ na-enweghị uru a na-akpọ Seaside Seabird Sanctuary kwagara n'otu ebe Indian Shores. Nzukọ ọhụrụ ahụ na-azọpụta ma na-eme ka nnụnụ dịghachi mma n'ebe niile Tampa Bay. Mmekọrịta na-aga n'ihu na ọbọdọ na ndị dọkịta anụmanụ, ndị ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara anụ ọhịa na ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo emeela ka ebe nsọ ahụ dị irè.

## Edemsibe
Ịkụ ụmụ ahụhụ

thumb|Ịchụ nta nnụnụ n'abalị
Ịkụ nnụnụ, bụ usoro ochie nke ijide nnụnụ n'abalị,   mgbe ha nọ n'ụlọ. Usoro a na-agụnye igwu ahịhịa ma ọ bụ, oriọna n'akụkụ ụlọ ha. Mgbe ha kpọtere ha n'ụlọ ha, nnụnụ ahụ na-efega n'ebe ọkụ ahụ, ebe, n'ịbụ ndị na-eju anya, a na-ejide ha n'ụzọ dị mfe na ụgbụ, ma ọ bụ jiri ụsụ tie ha ihe.   na-ekwu na ahịrị okwu ahụ bụ "ịkụ osisi" sitere n'omume a ka ndị na-achụ nta ga-aga gbụrụ-gbúrụ osisi iji kpasuo nnụnụ ahụ iwe. A na-akpọkwa omume ahụ **lanciatoia** na Ịtali ma na-akpọ ọdịiche dị ala.   mkpọtụ  ala net-agụnye iji ọkụ na-egbuke egbuke na-abịaru nnụnụ nso ma na-eji mgbịrịgba ehi, nke nnụnụ ma ara, iji bịaruo nnụnụ ahụ nso ma jide ha na ụgbụ a na-ejide ogologo.

## Edemsibe
Birdwatch (magazine)

Birdwatch (ISSN 0967-1870), bụ magazin Britain kwa ọnwa maka Ndị na-ekiri nnụnụ, nke Solo Publishing guzobere na afọ 1992. A na-ekesa ya site na ndenye aha nakwa site na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi, ọ nwere ọnụahịa mkpuchi nke £ 4.10. Mbipụta ọ bụla dịkwa na iTunes.

Mpaghara ọdịnaya dị mkpa gụnyere njirimara nnụnụ, nduzi saịtị, mmepe nkà, ọhụụ na-adịbeghị anya na akụkọ na nyocha.

Solo Publishing, bụ nke Warners Group Publications plc nwetara na afọ 2008.

## Edemsibe
Oghere Worm

. A wormhole bụ ihe a na-echepụta echiche na-akpata isi ihe dị iche iche n'oge oghere, ma dabere na mkpụrụ iche nke nha nha ubi Einstein.

Enwere ike ịhụ oghere wormhole dị ka ọwara nwere nsọtụ abụọ n'ebe dị iche iche n'oge oghere (ya bụ, ebe dị iche iche, isi ihe dị iche na oge, ma ọ bụ abụọ).

Wormholes iche na egwu izugbe nke relativity, mana ma wormholes dị n'ezie ka ka ga-ahụ.  Ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara na-akpata na- ngwaọrụ na wormholes bụ naanị ntule nke oghere oghere nke anọ, dị ka otu ihe abụọ (2D) nwere ike isi nweta nke ihe nwere atu (3D).  [1] A na-enye ihe atụ a mara nke ọma nke ihe ndị dị otú ahụ site na karama Klein, na- SIM oghere mgbe a na-eme ya na ebe atọ ma ọ bụghị na anọ ma ọ bụ ụfọdụ.

. N'ụzọ doro anya, wormhole nwere ike ngosi nnukwu anya dị ka ìhè awụ ọkụ, ma ọ bụ obere anya dị ka mita ole na ole, ma ọ bụ ebe iche iche na oge, ma ọ bụ egwu mbara igwe dị iche iche.

Na 1995, Matt Visser ozi aro na ọrụ ike ọtụtụ wormholes na mbara igwe ma ọ bụrụ na emepụtara eriri mbara igwe nwere oke na-enweghị mma na mbara igwe mbụ .  [1] [2] ụfọdụ ndị na-agba mgba, dị ka Kip Thorne, atụwo aro ka esi eme wormholes n'onwe ya.

.Maka echiche dị mfe nke wormhole, ike ike ịhụ oghere dị ka elu abụọ.  N'okwu a, wormhole ga-dị dị ka oghere n'elu ahụ, na-eduga n'ime tube 3D (ime elu nke cylinder ), wee pụtaghachi n'ebe ọzọ dị n'elu 2D nwere oghere yiri ọnụ ụzọ.  N'ezie wormhole ga-adị ka nke a, mana n'ekiri nke otu welitere.  nkọwa, kama oghere na ụgbọ elu 2D, nke na ụzọ nwere ike ịhụ anya dị ka oghere na oghere 3D na-eduga n'ime "tube" a na dị ka sperinder&#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

Ụzọ ọzọ ị ga-esi chepụta wormholes bụ iwere mpempe akwụkwọ wee see isi ihe dịtụ anya n'otu akwụkwọ nke akwụkwọ ahụ.  Mpempe akwụkwọ ahụ na-amị anya ụgbọ elu na spacetime continuum, isi ihe ahụ na-anya anya a ga-eme njem, ma n'ụzọ doro anya, wormhole nwere ike ike isi ihe abụọ a site na mfachi ụgbọ elu ahụ (  ⁠ ya bụ akwụkwọ ahụ ) ka isi ihe na-ahụ aka.  N'ụzọ dị otú a, ọ ga-adị mfe ịgafe ebe dị anya ebe ọ bụ na isi ihe ahụ na-ama ọgbu a.</link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;
Paradaịs furu efu

Paradaịs Lost bụ uri dị egwu n'amaokwu efu nke onye England na-ede uri na ike afụ nke 17 John Milton (1608–1674).  Nke, mbụ nke eso na 1667, nwere akwụkwọ iri nwere ihe ụmụaka ahịrị puku iri nke .  Mbipụta nke abụọ sochiri na 1674, ahaziri n'ime akwụkwọ iri na abụọ (n'ụzọ nke Virgil 's Aeneid ) nwere obere nlegharị anya.  [1] [1] A na-ewere ya dị ka ihe osise nke Milton, ma nyekwa aka mee ka aha ya sie ike dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-ede uri Bekee kasị ukwuu n'oge niile.  [2] Abụ ahụ gbasara akwụkwọ gbasara akwụkwọ nsọ : ihe nke Adam na Iv sitere n’aka ike ozi ahụ dara ada napụ ha n’ogige Iden .
Cassinia (akwụkwọ akụkọ)

***Cassinia,*** bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Delaware Valley Ornithological Club (DVOC). Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ nwere akwụkwọ ndị metụtara ornithology nke ọwụwa anyanwụ Pennsylvania, New Jersey, na Delaware. E bipụtara mbipụta iri asaa na atọ ruo ugbu a.  bipụtara mpịakọta ise mbụ (1890-1900) n'okpụ̀rụ aha Abstract, nke ihe Proceedings, nke ihe Delaware Valley Ornithological Club, mgbe ahụ na afọ 1901, a gbanwere aha akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ iji sọpụrụ onye na-amụ banyere ụmụ nnụnụ John Cassin.

## Akụkọ nchịkọta akụkọ
E nweela ndị nchịkọta akụkọ dị iri na abuo 22 dị iche iche nke *Cassinia* kemgbe e bidoro ya: 

# Witmer Stone - Vols. 1–14, 1890–1910
# Robert T. Moore - Vols. 15–19, 1911–1915
# Spencer Trotter - Ụgbọelu. 20–24, 1916–1921
# Wharton Huber - Vol. 25: 1922, 1924
# Philip A. Livingston - Vols. 26-27, 1925-1928; na Vol. 31, 1938–1941
# J. Fletcher Street - Vols. 28–29, 1929–1932
# C. Brooke Worth / Witmer Stone - Mpịakọta. 30, 1933–1937
# Ernest A. Choate - Vols. 32–37, 1942–1948
# C. Chandler Ross - Vols. 38–42, 1949–1954
# Lester S. Thomas - Vol. 43–45, 1958–1960
# James K. Meritt - Vol. 46-49, 1961-1966; na Vols. 51–55, 1968–1975
# Albert Conway - Vol. 50, 1966–1967
# Keith C. Richards - Mpịakọta 56, 1976
# Richard C. Bell - Vols. 57–59, 1977–1981
# Edward D. Fingerhood - Vols. 60–62, 1982–1987
# Franklin C. Haas - Vols. 63–66, 1988–1995
# Sandra L. Sherman - Vol. 67–68, 1996–1999
# Colin Campbell - Vol. 69, 2000–2001
# F. Arthur McMorris - Vols. 70–71, 2002–2005
# Dave B. Long - Vols. 72/73–74/75, 2006–2015
# Matthew R. Halley - Vols. 76–77, 2016–2019
# Holger Pflicke - ugbu a

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ''Cassinia''
* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ DVOC

## Edemsibe
Cascades Raptor Center

Clsss=notagelmagel.                              Location in Engene, Oregon 

**Cascades Raptor Center,** bụ ụlọ ọgwụ okike na ụlọ ọgwụ anụ ọhịa dị na Eugene, Oregon nke na-ahụ ma ka imezigharị raptor.  ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Nọvemba 2020, ndị bi n'etiti ahụ gụnyere nnụnụ 37 n'otu site na ụdị 21.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
áká_èkpè|thumb|Ebe obibi

E hiwere Cascades Raptor Center na afọ 1987 dị ka ụlọ ọrụ okike na-enweghị uru 501c3 na ụlọ ọgwụ anụ ọhịa, na mbụ na-eburu nnụnụ gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ na ihe omume ọha na eze, ma na anaghị ekwe ka ndị ọbịa.  mbido afọ 1994, a kwagara ụlọ ọrụ ahụ n'ebe ọ dị ugbu a, ọ ghọkwara ọha na eze ugbu a. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ  ọkachamara n'ịzọpụta, imezigharị, na ịtọhapụ nnụnụ na-arịa ọrịa, merụrụ ahụ na ụmụ mgbei laghachiri n'ọhịa mgbe o kwere omume, ya na inye ebe obibi ogologo oge ma ka ụfọdụ ndị a na-enweghị ike ịhapụ n'ọzara n'ihi mmerụ ahụ ha ma ọ bụ akara ha na ụmụ mmadụ.

## Anụmanụ
Ebe ahụ bụ ebe obibi na-adịgide ma ka ihe dị ka nnụnụ 50 n'otu n'otu na-anọchite anya ụdị 30 nke raptors. 'afọ 2014, a gwọrọ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nnụnụ 300 merụrụ ahụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ.   Udị n'etiti na-anọchite anya ọtụtụ n'ime ụdị raptor ndị a hụrụ na Oregon ma gụnyere barn owl, barred owl, burrowing owl, great horned owl, snow owl, western screech owl, northern saw-whet owl, turkey vulture, bald eagle, golden eagle, Osprey, ferruginous hawk, Northern Goshawk, falgh-showered, red-tailed hawk, red-tail hawk, falghasian per kestlin, whalt, whalting hawk, whalt.

Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-enye mme mme agụmakwụkwọ a na-eduzi nke ogologo dị iche iche ma ka nnukwu ma ọ bụ obere ìgwè ("Walk on the Wild Side", "Reading with Raptors", na ndị ọrụ na-eduziri njem onwe onye na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, na nleta nke ndị ọrụ na nnụnụ na klas na ebe ndị ọzọ maka ngosi nke ogologo dịgasị iche iche ("Bring the Wild Alive" na "Reading With Raptors"). Enwere ike ịhụ mme mme niile a na-eduzi ma ka mkpa nke otu ahụ.

## Edemsibe

## Njikọ mpụga
Igwefoto nchebe adịgboroja

thumb|Igwefoto nchebe adịgboroja na Museum of Bad Art.
**Igwe foto nchebe adịgboroja** (ma ọ bụ **Igwe foto adịgboroja**, Igwe foto simulated, Igwe foto decoy) bụ Igwe foto nlekota na-adịghị arụ ọrụ iji ghọgbuo ndị na-abanye n'ime, ma ọ bụ onye ọ bụla ọ na-eche na ọ na-ekiri. A na-akpachara anya tinye kamera ndị ahụ n'ebe a na-ahụ anya, ya mere ndị na-agafe agafe na-ahụ ha ma kwere na CCTV ga-enyocha mpaghara ahụ.   &#x5B;**&#x5D;

Enwere ike ịmata Igwe foto nchebe adịgboroja dị ọnụ ala site na enweghị ezigbo anya anya ("lens" bụ naanị mpe mpe plastik na-adịghị ahụ anya) Igwe foto adịgborojo ndị ọzọ gụnyere ezigbo Igwe foto mebiri emebi, ihe mmetụta mmegharị nke a na-eme ka ọ bụrụ Igwe foto, ma ọ bụ ihe Igwe foto efu.  nwere ike ịnwe ọkụ na-enwu gbaa, ma ọ bụ moto iji mepụta mmegharị pan-tilt; nke mbụ nwere ike ịbụ onyinye na Igwe foto bụ nke adịgboroja.

## Hụkwa

* Mmetụta Hawthorne
* Mmetụta anya
* Ịmata ọnọdụ

## Edemsibe

## Njikọ mpụga

* Mgbasa ozi metụtara igwe foto nchebe adịgboroja na Wikimedia Commons
Nnyocha Nnụnụ nke Australia

Australian Field Ornithology, bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ornithological nke ndị ọgbọ na-enyocha n'ịntanetị nke BirdLife Australia bipụtara. Ọ na-ekpuchi isiokwu ndị metụtara nnụnụ Australasian, gụnyere omume na gbụrụ-gbúrụ ebe obibi, na-ekwusi ike na nchọpụta na data nwetara n'ọhịa.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
N'ịbụ nke Bird Observers Club of Australia (BOCA) bipụtara na mbụ, a kpọrọ ya Australian Bird Watcher, aha ahụ gbanwere na afọ 2003. N'ịgba so njikọta dị n'etiti BOCA na Birds Australia na mbido afọ 2012, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gara n'ihu na-ebipụta ya. Onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ site na afọ 1959 ruo n'afọ 1976 bụ Roy Percy Cooper.  N' afọ 2017, onye nchịkọta akụkọ bụ James Fitzsimons. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ gbanwere gaa na usoro ntanetị naanị n'afọ 2016.

## Edemsibe
Igbe mmiri

thumb|350x350px|Ihe osise nke igbe mmiri.
**sinkbox,** bụ ịchụ nta pụrụ iche nke ndị na-achụ nta nnụnụ mmiri na-eji. Ọ na-agụnye ogige dị arọ, nke dị n'okpụ̀rụ mmiri bụrụ ibu iji jide otu ma ọ bụ karịa ndị na-achụ nta ma kwụsị ya na ikpo okwu na-ese n'elu mmiri. A na-etinye ya na mmiri dị jụụ ka onye na-achụ nta wee nwee ike ichere na mmiri dị n'ihe dị ka ịdị elu nke ubu.

Ndị na-achụ nta na-ejikarị igbe mmiri eme ihe (karịa egwuregwu) ma ka ọbọgwụ ma ọ bụ nnụnụ mmiri ndị ọzọ na United Steeti 

## Ojiji a na-eji ya eme ihe ugbu a
N'afọ 1918, a mmachi bidoro ịchụ nta n'okpuru mmiri na United Steeti site n'ikike nke U.S. Secretary nke Interior site na ntinye nke Migratory Bird Act nke 1918.  A ka na-achụ nta Sinkbox na Canada, ma na ọ bụ ihe ncheta nke oge gara aga.

## Dị ka oge ochie
Cast-iron sinkbox, decoys &#x2014; often painted &#x2014; were used as ballast, to disguise the sinkbox, and to attract game close to the hunters. The cast-iron decoys are popular among antique collectors.

## Edemsibe
Charles James Stuart-Wortley

**Charles James Stuart-Wortley,** (3 June 1802 - 22 May 1844) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Britain, nwa nwoke nke abụọ nke James Stuart-Vortley-Mackenzie, 1st Baron Wharncliffe.

Ọ bụ onye na-ekiri ihe na nnọchibido ndị France nke Antwerp na afọ 1832, ma dee akụkọ banyere ihe omume ahụ.

Na 17 Febụwarị n'afọ 1831, ọ lụrụ Lady Emmeline Manners (d. 1855), nwa nwanyị nke John Manners, Duke nke ise nke Rutland, onye o nwere ụmụ atọ:  

* Archibald Henry Plantagenet Stuart-Wortley (26 Julaị 1832 - 30 Eprel 1890), lụrụ na 15 June 1879 Lavinia Rebecca Gibbins (nwụrụ na 1937) 
* Adelbert William John Stuart-Wortley (nwụrụ n'afọ 1847) 
* Victoria Alexandrina Stuart-Wortley (nwụrụ na 29 Machị 1912), lụrụ na 4 Julaị 1863 Sir William Earle Welby-Gregory, 4th BaronetSir William Earle Welby-Gregory, Baronet nke anọ

  Ọ nwụrụ na afọ 1844 n'ihi mmetụta nke ihe mberede ịchụ nta ọ nwèrè na mbido ndụ ya.

## Edemsibe

* Ndepụta akụkọ nke ihe mere eme nke Leigh Rayment
Henry Charles Bryant

thumb|Ụbọchị Ahịa (1871)
**Henry Charles Bryant,** (1835-1915) bụ onye Bekee na-ese ihe osise na ọdịdị ala nke a maara ma ka ugbo ya na ihe nkiri ahịa ya nke a maara nke ọma ma ka nlebara anya dị ukwuu na nkọwa. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ karịsịa na London na Portsmouth ma gosipụta ugbọrọ  n'etiti 1860 na 1880 na Royal Academy, British Institution na Royal Society of British Artists.  na-achọsi ihe osise ya ike taa.

Bryant nwụrụ na 49, Derby Road, Portsmouth na Jenụwarị n'afọ 1915. 

## Edemsibe
Ụgbọ ọhịa buffalo

thumb|Diorama nke pound buffalo na Royal Alberta MuseumEbe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie Royal Alberta
Buffalo pound, bụ ngwaọrụ ịchụ nta nke Ndị ọbọdọ North America wuru ma ka ebum na uche nke ijide na igbu anụ ọhịa bea America, nke a makwaara dị ka buffalo. O nwere ogige dị gbụrụ-gbúrụ na njedebe nke oghere na-egbuke egbuke nke a na-achịkọta atụ ma si otú ahụ jide ya.  David Mandelbaum's The Plains Cree nwere eserese na nkọwa zụrụ ezu nke iwu na ojiji nke pound dị otú ahụ.

 n'afọ 1758, onye nchọpụta na onye na-ere akpụkpọ anụ Joseph Smith bụ onye Europe mbụ dekọrọ ojiji nke pound buffalo mgbe ọ na-aga Osimiri Assiniboine.

Aha a na-akpọkarị Cree "Poundmaker", na-ezo aka na onye na-eme anụ ọhịa buffalo pound.

## Edemsibe


## Hụkwa

* Ogige Ntụrụndụ Buffalo Pound Provincial Park, ogige ntụrụngwa dị na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Saskatchewan, nke na-ewere aha ya site na okwu ahụ dị n'elu.
Akwụkwọ akụkọ Ornithology

The Journal of Ornithology, (nke bụ ***Journal für Ornithologie***) bụ akwụkwọ sayensị nke Springer Science+Business Media bipụtara n'aha Deutsche Ornithologen-Gesellschaft. Ọ bụ Jean Cabanis guzobere ya na afọ 1853, ọ ghọrọ akwụkwọ akụkọ gọọmentị nke Deutsche Ornithologen-Gesellschaft na afọ 1854.

E, mepụtara mbipụta mbụ na Jenụwarị n'afọ 1853 ma Cabanis kwuru na ọ bụ ezie na e nwere akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị ọkachamara na entomology na conchology na ọ nweghị ihe ọ bụla ga-eme na ornithology na Germany. Otu 'ime edemede mbụ e bipụtara na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ, bụ edemede nke Reichenbach banyere echiche nke ụdị.

Dị ka Journal Citation Reports si kwuo, akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ nwere mmetụta 2012 nke 1.632 . 

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ornithology

## Edemsibe
Agha Egwuregwu

Game Wars, bụ akwụkwọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo nke Marc Reisner dere na afọ 1991 nke na-enye akụkọ banyere ọtụtụ ọrụ U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Nke mbụ e bipụtara na afọ 1991, akwụkwọ ahụ na-elekwasị anya na onye ọrụ nzuzo Dave Hall ka ọ na-abanye n'ìgwè ndị na-achụ nta n'ụzọ iwu na-akwado gị ma na-anakọta ihe aka ebe iji kpụ ha ikpe. Isi atọ nke akwụkwọ ahụ na-elekwasị anya na ịchụ nta alligators na Louisiana, ọdụ́ na Alaska, na sacalait na Southern United Steeti . Akwụkwọ ahụ na-eme ka arụmụka ahụ pụta ìhè ma mbelata nke ọnụ ọgụgụ anụ ọhịa kwesịrị ịbụ n'ihi ịchụ nta gabigara ókè ma ọ bụ mfu nke ebe obibi. Akwụkwọ ahụ na-egosipụta kwa ma kọwaa ọtụtụ ikpe na ọrụ ndị Special Agent Hall na-eme yana Ndị na-elekọta egwuregwu site na Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Anụ Ọhịa na Azụmaahịa na Louisiana - Ngalaba Mmanye.

A tụlere aha ahụ na The Chicago Tribune . 

## Edemsibe
Òtù Raptor nke Australasia

E hiwere Australasian Raptor Association (**ARA**) na afọ 1978 dị ka otu mmasị pụrụ iche nke Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union, nke a makwaara dị ka Birds Australia. Ọ bụzi otu mmasị pụrụ iche nke BirdLife Australia. Ọ na-akwalite ọmụmụ na nchekwa nke raptors na-eme N'ehihie na n'abalị, mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ nnụnụ na-eri anụ, nke Australasia na South-east Asia. Ọ na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ, Boobook, ugbọrọ abụọ n'afọ obula.

## Njikọ mpụga

* Òtù Raptor nke Australasia