Abdel-Wahed El-Wakil

**Abdel-Wahed El-Wakil** ( Arabic   amụrụ 7 Ọgọst 1943) bụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ Egypt nke haziri ihe karịrị ụlọ alakụba iri na ise na Saudi Arabia ma ọtụtụ ndị na-ewere ya dị ka ikike kachasị n'oge a na ụkpụrụ ụlọ Alakụba . Maka imepụta na ụdị ọdịnala, ọ bụkwa onye nnọchianya nke New Classical Architecture .

## Ndụ

### Agụmakwụkwọ
Agụmakwụkwọ mbụ El-Wakil bụ n'Ijipt na ụlọ akwụkwọ Britain nke Victoria College na English School. N'afọ 1960, o nwetara GCE ya wee gụchaa ya n'iche na mgbakọ na mwepụ, Art, Physics, na Chemistry . N'otu afọ ahụ, ọ sonyere na ngalaba nke injinia na Mahadum Ain Shams na 1965 nwetara BSc na Architecture na Distinction na First Honors Degree. Ọ bụ mgbe ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ nzere ya ka El-Wakil matara n'ihe onye nkatọ Bekee John Ruskin dere. Nkọwa nke Ruskin banyere ihe ọ kpọrọ àgwà "arborescent" n'ime ihe owuwu (ihe owuwu siri ike nke ịchọ mma, nke a na-agụpụta n'ebe dị anya, na-ekpughe nhazi nke kachasị mma ka ị na-abịaru ya nso) nwere mmetụta na-adịgide adịgide n'ahụ ya.

Site na 1965 ruo 1970, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye nkuzi na onye nkuzi na Ngalaba Architecture nke ngalaba ya.

N'afọ 1967, a gbanwere ụzọ El-Wakil niile gbasara ụkpụrụ ụlọ mgbe ọ zutere onye ndụmọdụ ya bụ Hassan Fathy . N'ịbụ onye wuru ụlọ ụlọ atọ na mbụ n'asụsụ nke agụmakwụkwọ mbụ ya n'ime ụlọ ụdị ọgbara ọhụrụ, El-Wakil kpebiri ịghọ onye nkuzi Hassan Fathy. Dị ka ọ dị na Frank Lloyd Wright, okwu Hassan Fathy bụ ihe na-adịghị mma na Ain Shams Department of Architecture na nke ahụ manyere El-Wakil ka ọ kwụsị ọrụ nkuzi ya na ngalaba ma malite akwụkwọ ọhụrụ ya na onye ndụmọdụ ya.

### Ọrụ
Ọchịchọ Hassan Fathy maka ihe owuwu ụlọ ewepụtala isi n'ọgba aghara nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ gachara . Agha ahụ kpatara ụkọ akụ̀ na ụba n'ihe ndị e ji ewu ụlọ ọrụ. O wee ruo Hassan Fathy na Nubians nke Upper Egypt jisiri ike wuo ụlọ ndị kachasị mma na apịtị - ihe dị umeala n'obi n'okpuru ụkwụ ha.

Ka ya na Hassan Fathy rụkọrọ ọrụ afọ ise, El-Wakil nwere ohere imepụta na wuo ụlọ n'akụkụ osimiri Agami dị nso na Aleksandria . Agha Ụbọchị isii nke 1967 ebutela Ijipt n'ọdachi akụ na ụba na ihe ndị e ji arụ ụlọ ọgbara ọhụrụ ghọrọ ụkọ na ọnụ. Ọ bụ ohere pụrụ iche maka El-Wakil ịkọwapụta nkà ihe ọmụma nke Hassan Fathy nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ maka ndị ogbenye . Ụlọ Halawa dị na Agamy jiri nnukwu nkume nzu dị n'ime mpaghara ahụ na-ewebata ihe owuwu ndị Ijipt nke mbụ na ebe ntụrụndụ malitere site na ụdị French Riviera nke French ma mechaa na pseudo-Modern.

El-Wakil wukwara ụlọ abụọ ọzọ n’Ijipt. Ụlọ Hamdy, na ụlọ Chourbagy, ma n'akụkụ okporo ụzọ pyramid dị na mpụga Cairo.

A tụụrụ ime ụlọ Hamdy ka obere ụlọ izu ụka nwere ọnụ ụlọ ụra. Nhazi ahụ etinyere n'ụdị embrayo bụ isi ihe dị n'ụlọ ndị Arab ọdịnala.

E chepụtara Ụlọ Obi Ike ka ọ bụrụ ihe atụ maka ụlọ a na-ahụkarị n'ime ala dị warara n'ihu. Ụlọ ahụ mere ọtụtụ ihe eji eme ihe ọdịnala na nka obodo.

## Saudi Arabia ọrụ
Site na mmụba mmanụ na 1973, Saudi Arabia nyere ọtụtụ ọrụ maka El-Wakil. Ọ malitere imewe nke ọtụtụ nnukwu ụlọ na-emepụta ụzọ imewe nke oghere dị n'ime ụlọ nke atrium, patios, na ogige, bụ nke yiri ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe na-ewu ewu nke ụdị ụlọ villa na-apụ apụ.

Nke mbụ n'ime usoro ụlọ a bụ ụlọ Zahran, dị ka ihe na-aga n'ihu n'obí Suleiman dị na Jeddah . Obí Suleiman ghọrọ ngosipụta pụrụ iche nke ihe owuwu nke oge a na-etinye echiche ọdịnala Arab. N'ime nyocha nke ihe owuwu ụlọ na Saudi Arabia, *akwụkwọ akụkọ AIA* họpụtara ya dị ka otu n'ime atụmatụ kacha mma emechara.

E wuru ụlọ abụọ ọzọ na Saudi Arabia; ụlọ Alireza dị na Riyadh na ụlọ Kandiel dị na Jeddah, ha abụọ na-arụ brik na-ebu ibu.

Ụlọ atọ ọzọ na-adọrọ mmasị na-emepụta na Saudi Arabia, nke na-emeghị ka e wuo ya, bụ ebe obibi Mansur Badr na Riyadh, ụlọ Mansur Badr na Makkah, na ebe obibi Hossam Khashoggi na Taif .

### Ọrụ ndị ọzọ
N'ofe Saudi Arabia, El-Wakil haziri ụlọ ime obodo Arab nke oge a maka Farouk Sultan na Kuwait. Mahadum Durham dị na UK kuziri imewe ụlọ Farouk Sultan dị ka ihe atụ nke imebe gburugburu ebe obibi.

E wubere obere ụlọ ọzọ n’Agwaetiti Hydra dị na Gris. N'akwụkwọ ya 'A Vision of Britain', Onye isi ala Wales gosipụtara ya dị ka ihe atụ maka echiche ya gbasara ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọdịnala.

Na 1993, El-Wakil haziri ụlọ maka Thomas Kramer na Miami, Florida. Vincent Scully, n'akwụkwọ ya bụ 'Between the Two Towers' nyere ya aha n'ụba.

Ka ọ na-erule oge arụchara ụlọ Suleiman, ọrụ El-Wakil dọtara uche nke Sheikh Said Farsi, onye isi obodo Jeddah, onye họpụtara ya dị ka onye ndụmọdụ.

## Ụlọ alakụba na-arụ ọrụ
Na mmekorita ya na Ministry of Pilgrimage and Endowment, e hibere mmemme maka ihe owuwu ụlọ alakụba maka nhazigharị ihe owuwu ọdịnala, maka oge mbụ na-enyere aka wuo ihe owuwu brik na-akpakọba ihe na-enweghị kọnkịtị.

## Ntụaka

n'ihu n'obí Suleiman dị na Jeddah . Obí Suleiman ghọrọ ngosipụta pụrụ iche nke ihe owuwu nke oge a na-etinye echiche ọdịnala Arab. N'ime nyocha nke ihe owuwu ụlọ na Saudi Arabia, akwụkwọ akụkọ AIA họpụtara N'akwụkwọ ya 'A Vision of Britain', Onye isi ala Wales gosipụtara ya dị ka ihe atụ maka echiche ya gbasara ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọdịnala.

* Holod, Renata (1983) *Nhazi na obodo : ewu na Islam ụwa taa : ihe nrite Aga Khan maka Architecture* Millerton, NY: Aperture;
* "Ụlọ alakụba nke Abdel Wahed El-Wakil" Al-Asad, Mohammed (1992) "Mosques of Abdel Wahed El-Wakil" na *MIMAR 42: Architecture in Development* Concept Media Ltd., London;

## Njikọ mpụga

* Webụsaịtị gọọmentị
* ''Wakil, Abdel Wahed el-'' Artnet ;
* Ozi na Archnet.org nwere njikọ na atụmatụ.
** Ụlọ alakụba Corniche, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
** Ụlọ Halawa, Agamy, Egypt.
* 2009 video   feat. Wakil, Driehaus Prize emume, Notre Dame School of Architecture
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations