Camille Billops

Camille Josephine Billops (August 12, 1933 - June 1, 2019) [1] bụ onye na-ese ihe nkiri , onye na-ese ihe nkiri, onye na-ese ihe, onye na- akwụkwọ akwụkwọ, na onye nkuzi.

## Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
A Washington Billops na Los Angeles, California, nye nne na nna Alma Gilmore, onye sitere na South Carolina, na Luscious Billops, sitere na Texas .  Nne ya bụ onye na-akwa akwa, nna ya na-esikwa nri.  [1] Ha ọrụ "na-eje ozi" maka akwụkwọ Beverly Hills, na-enyere ha aka inye ya ụlọ akwụkwọ nke onwe na ụlọ akwụkwọ .  [2] [3] [4] [5] Mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ọ na-ese ụta na akụ ya na nwa bebi.  [6] Ọ tụpụtara akwa nka ya site n'ichepụta nne na nna ya n'isi nri na ime uwe.

Billops akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na 1960 na Los Angeles State College, ebe ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ maka mmepụta ihe.  Ihe nzere BA na Mahadum California State yana nzere MFA na Mahadum City nke New York na 1975.

## Ọrụ

### Ihe osise a na-ahụ anya
Ihe ngosi nka nke izizi nke Billops bụ ihe ọkpụkpụ.  Ọrụ dị na mkpokọta na-adịgide adịgide nke Jersey City Museum na Museum of Drawers, Bern, Switzerland.  Ihe ngosi mbụ bụ na Gallerie Akhenaton, ebe o tara ite na ihe ọkpụkpụ seramiiki.  O mechara nwale foto, akwụkwọ, na ike.  [1] O egwu na ihe ngosi otu na otu n'ụwa nile, egwu Gallerie Akhenaton, Cairo, Egypt;  Hamburg, Germany;  Kaohsiung, Taiwan;  Gimpel na Weitzenhoffer Gallery;  na La Tertulia Museum, Cali, Colombia.  Ọ bụ enyi ogologo oge na onye ọrụ otu onye na-akwụkwọ akwụkwọ Robert Blackburn, onye o nyere aka n'ịmepụta ụlọ ọrụ ibipụta akwụkwọ mbụ na Asilah na 1978.

### Ihe nkiri
Ọ bụ ihe na-egosi ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe, ceramist, na onye na-ese ihe, Billops bụ onye a mara nke ọma dị ka onye na-ese ihe nkiri nke ndị oji ojii.  [1] Na 1982, o mere Suzanne, Suzanne, ihe nkiri nwanne ya na mgbake ya site na ọgwụ heroin .  [2] Ọ na-eduzi ihe nkiri ọzọ, Ịchọta Christa na 1991, ọrụ dị oke egwu nke maaeri Grand Jury Prize maka akwụkwọ na 1992 Sundance Film Festival . 

Ihe ngosi ihe nkiri ya ndị ọzọ egwu Okenye Women na Lovehụnanya na 1987, KKK Boutique Ain't Just Rednecks (1994), Were akpa gị (1998) na A eriri nke Pel (2002).  O mere ihe nkiri ya niile na di ya na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri ha, Mama na Pop Productions

Ọrụ ihe nkiri Billops abụwo fim ya na ndị edemede otu ya na ngalaba gbasara ya.  Ha na di ya bụ James Hatch rụkọrọ ọrụ na otuto nwa Hatch dị ka onye nduzi foto.  Suzanne, Suzanne na-amụ dị n'etiti nwanne nwanne Billop Billie na nwa nwa Billie Suzanne.  Ịchọta Christa na-akpa nwoke ada Billops, onye ọ hụrụ maka nkuchi.  [1] Ụmụ ndị agadi na ndị gbadoro ụkwụ na nwoke nke nwanne nne Billopsaaa. 

### Mkpokọta Hatch-Billops
Na 1968, mkpokọta Hatch-Billops ihe mgbe Billops zutere James Hatch, prọfesọ nke ihe nkiri na UCLA, site n'aka onye nzọ ụkwụ Billops, Josie Mae Dotson, bụ nwa akwụkwọ Hatch.  [1] N'ịzaghachi maka akwụkwọ akụkọ nka na omenala ndị America America, Billops na Hatch ichekọta puku kwuru puku akwụkwọ na ihe ndị ọzọ ebipụtara, ihe onye ọnụ 1,200, na edemede nke ihe nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 1,000 egwuregwu  .  [2] [3] Ozugbo etinyere ya na 120-foot-long (37 m) ụlọ elu dị na Lower Manhattan, mkpokọta ọnụ a dị na Camille Billops na James V. Hatch Archives na Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, na Rare  Books Library na Mahadum Emory   

N'afọ 1981, Billops na Hatch pụtara ibipụta Artist and Influence: The Journal of Black American Cultural History, akwụkwọ kwa afọ na-egosi ọnụ nke ndị America a ma ama "ndị na- ese ihe dị ike na " n'ofe ụdị  dị iche iche.  [1] Ruo ugbu a, e dekọrọ ihe nke onye ọnụ ọgụgụ 400. [2] Onye na-ese ihe na ihe na ihe nke mkpokọta na Emory.

### Ọrụ imekọ ihe ọnụ
Billops nwa aka na onye na-ese foto James Van Der Zee na onye na-ede uri, ọkà, na onye na-egwu egwuregwu Owen Dodson na Akwụkwọ Harlem nke Ndị Nwụrụ Anwụ, nke e na-enye na 1978 na mmeghe nke Toni Morrison .  [1] Billops mere egwuregwu, America Hurray, nke Pizza ọnọdụ America n'oge ahụ na di ya James Hatch.  [2] O bipụtakwara akwụkwọ, "The Art of Remembering", na Hatch. 

### Ụlọ elu SoHo
Na ሥጋ 1980s, Billops na Hatch ndịra ụlọ elu 4,000-square ụkwụ na SoHo, Manhattan wee ka ọ akwụkwọ ụlọ ọrụ studio, ụlọ ọrụ na ọbá akwụkwọ mepere emepe ụmụ akwụkwọ nke City College of New York .  O kwuru, sị, "Michema mmadụ niile ebe a: ndị enyi, ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị ọcha, ndị na-ese foto na ndị ọzọ.  mgbe m tara na m nwere ike ire nka n'ihe isutu isi. " 

### Okwu ndị nka

#### (1992)
"Ihe na-eme na obodo a n'ihi na ị na-agba mgbochi. Ọbụghị n'ihi na ntutu isi gị bụ akwa akwa, kama n'ihi na ị gbara mgbochi. Nke ahụ bụ ihe mbụ ha na-ahụ." 

#### (1996)
Amaghị m ma m̀ ma otú ahụ, ma ụfọdụ ndị na-ekwu na ihe nkiri anyị na-enwekarị ịsa ákwà ruru unyi.  Ihe nkiri na-ekwu na ọ dị ka ọ dị, karịa ka ndị mmadụ chọrọ ka ọ dị.  Ma eleghị anya, ọ bụ àgwà m na-achọsi ike ime nke ahụ, n'ihi na echere m na nkà a na-ahụ anya [onye na-ese ihe?] n'ime m chọrọ ikwu otu ụdị ihe ahụ.  Ya mere, amaghị m ma ọ bụrụ na m maara nke ọma mere ya;  Echere m na ọ bụ naanị mmụọ nke m.

#### (1991)
"Mgbe m na-eme ọnụ ọgụgụ, m na-ezo aka azụ n' osisi m n'oge ọ bụ nwata: decolletés na aka uwe nke nne m, akwa , uwe mwụda nna m" (ajụjụ ọnụ).  Nne onye omenkà bụkwa onye na-akwa akwa na onye na-eme okpu;  nna ya, onye isi nri n'okporo ụzọ ụgbọ oloko na onye ahaha ụgbọ mmiri.  A na-egosi ya site n'oké osimiri na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, ebe nne ya na-egosi site na okpu na usoro a "Lekatsas, Barbara. "Mgbakọ: Ihe nkiri Odyssey nke Camille Billops.aa" 

## Ndụ onwe onye
Na 1955, Billops zutere Stanford, onye ọchịchịagha guzo na Los Angeles Air Force Base na El Segundo.  Achọpụtara ya dị ka onye toro ogologo ma mara mma, Billops mechara kwuo, sị, "Ahụrụ m ya n'anya, n'ihi na ọ dị mma ... Ọ bụ ihe niile m ihe ka ihe ahụ."  Ọ tụụrụ ime ụnwa na ole n'ime nri ha.  O nwe ntọala na ịbụ nne, mana Billops chere na ọ dị mkpa ịsọpụrụ ọrụ nke nri na nne n'oge ahụ.  Ya na Stanford gbara akwụkwọ.  ịchụ, a chụpụrụ Stanford na ndị agha wee akpa tupu ha enwee ike ịlụ.  Nwa ya bụ, bụ́ Christa, mechara gbanwee. 

Na 1959, a kpọbatara Billops na James V. Hatch, prọfesọ na Mahadum California, Los Angeles site na nwanne ya nọ, Josie.  Nwanne ya bụbu nwa akwụkwọ ya.  N'oge ahụ, Hatch ụmụ abụọ.  Billops mechara kwusi na Hatch hapụ mpaghara ya ka ya na ya tọ ndụ ọhụrụ, nke o mechara mee na nso 1960.  [1] N'afọ 1960, Billops mere nri inye nwa ya ekere, Christa, maka nkuchi, iji tinye onwe ya n'ụzọ zuru ezu na nkà ya.  Billops ụmụaka ka ngalaba ya kuru nwa ahụ.  Ọchụpụrụ nwa ya echere gaa na Los Angeles Children's Home Society of California, ebe a na-elekọta ụmụ mgbei.  N’oge ahụ, Christa dị afã anɔ.  Billops gwara Christa ka ọ bata n'ime ụlọ ịsa ahụ, wee were.  Onye na-agụ jazz na Oakland mechara kuchiri Christa.  [1] Ya na Hatch wee bie ndụ ha na New York City, ebe Hatch bụ prọfesọ Bekee na CCNY, onye na-ede egwuregwu, na onye na-ekiri ihe nkiri, wee lụọ na 1987.  

Mgbe Christa tolitere, Camille kwere ka ọ banye ná ndụ ya. Ihe nkiri ya 1991 *Ịchọta Christa* bụ maka izute nwa ya nwanyị toro eto. N'afọ 2016, Christa nwụrụ site na nkụda mmụọ obi mgbe ọ dị afọ 59. Ọ jụrụ ịwa ahụ dị mkpa ma hụ ya naanị ya n'ụlọ Bronx. 

N'ajụjụ ọnụ Ameena Meer gbara, Camille na-ekwu na mgbanwe ya site na nka gaa na ihe nkiri bụ di ya metụtara. Na 1996, Camille na di ya nọrọ oge ụfọdụ na India. N'ime ọnwa ise ha nọrọ n'India, ha nwetara esemokwu omenala n'etiti nka ọ na-emepụta na omenala ndị India. N'ihi esemokwu a, ọ gbasoro ụzọ nka nka dị iche iche. Camille, na mbụ, rụrụ ọrụ na egwuregwu, wee banye na fim. 

### Ọdịdị
Billops nwere ụdị n'ọdịdị ya pụrụ iche. Ọhụụ mbụ Amena Meer  nke Camille bụ ka o yi uwe nwere bead na-apị n'ụrọ ya, nku, okpu nwoke na anya nwere oji. Anya ndị gbara ojii yiri ka ụmụ nwanyị si kụchie anya ha n’Ijipt oge ochie. O nwekwara egbugbere ọnụ elu nke nwere aji ma yie olu Afro-Asia. N'ịbụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri, a hụrụ ụdị ya.

## Ihe nrite na nkwanye ugwu

* 1963: Mmekọrịta sitere na Huntington Hardford Foundation 
* 1975: MacDowell Colony Fellowship 
* 1975-76: Onyinye afọ ụmụ nwanyị mba ụwa 
* 1992: Sundance Film Festival, Grand Jury Prize maka akwụkwọ akụkọ maka *Ịchọta Christa*
* 1994: James VanDerZee Award, Brandywine Graphic Workshop 

## Ihe nkiri

* 1982: *Suzanne, Suzanne* (akwụkwọ dị mkpirikpi) - Onye nduzi
* 1987: *Okenye Women na Ịhụnanya* (akwụkwọ dị mkpirikpi) - Onye isi
* 1991: *Ịchọta Christa* (Akwụkwọ) - Onye nduzi, onye na-emepụta ihe, onye edemede
* 1994: *KKK Boutique abụghị naanị Rednecks* - Onye isi
* 1998: *Were akpa gị* (obere) - Onye isi
* 2002: *eriri pel* (Akwụkwọ) - Onye nduzi, onye na-emepụta ihe, onye mmepụta ihe
* 2009: *Ma nke ahụ bụ ụzọ ọ dị* (Obere) - Onye njikwa mmepụta

## Ihe ngosi ahọpụtara

* 2019: Georgia Museum of Art na Mahadum Georgia, Atlanta, Georgia. 
* 2016: *Ka Na-ebuli Hell: Art, Activism, and Archives nke Camille Billops na James V. Hatch,* Atlanta, Georgia. 
* 1997: *N'ime Minstrel Mask,* Noel Fine Art Acquisitions, Charlotte, North Carolina 
* 1991: Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame, Oakland, California 
* 1990: College Clark, Atlanta, Georgia 
* 1986: Calkins Gallery, Mahadum Hofstra, Hempstead, New York 
* 1983: Ebe America, Karachi, Pakistan; Pescadores Hsien Library, Makung, Republic of China 
* 1980: Buchandlung Welt, Hamburg, Germany 
* 1997: Mahadum Rutgers, Newark, New Jersey 
* 1973: Ụlọ Artist Ornette Coleman, New York, New York 
* 1965: Gallerie Akhenaton, Cairo, Egypt 

## Ntụaka

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

*  (biographical article)
*  (interview)
* The Art, Activism, and Archives of James V. Hatch and Camille Billops at Emory University (online exhibit)
* Lekatsas, Barbara. "Encounters: The Film Odyssey of Camille Billops". *Black American Literature Forum*, Vol. 25, No. 2, Black Film Issue (Summer, 1991), pp.&nbsp;395–408.
* Cutler, Janet et al. "Camille Billops: Cultural Archaeologist". *Black Camera*, Vol. 8, No.1 (Fall, 1993), p.&nbsp;4.
* Williams, John. "RE-CREATING THEIR MEDIA IMAGE: Two Generations of Black Women Filmmakers". *Cinéaste*, Vol. 20, No.3 (1994), pp.&nbsp;38–41.
* Smith, Valerie. "Reconstituting the Image: The Emergent Black Woman Director". *Callaloo*, No.37 (Autumn, 1988), pp.&nbsp;709–719.
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations