open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Saurauia elegans

***Saurauia elegans*** bụ ụdị osisi dị na ezinụlọ Actinidiaceae. A mụrụ ya na Philippines.  Na Philippines, a na-akpọkarị ya **uyok** ma jiri ya mee ihe dị ka ọgwụ ọdịnala maka ọrịa akpa ume nakwa iji chọọ efere nri mma.

## Nkọwa
Ọ bụ osisi na-eru mita 20 n'ịdị elu.  A na-ekpuchi alaka ya na ntutu siri ike. Akwụkwọ ya dị sentimita 10.2 - 12.7 n'ogologo, 2.7-3.4 sentimita n'obosara n'ala ha ma na-abịa n'otu ebe n'isi ha.  Pecioles ya dị sentimita 0.5 n'ogologo.  Okooko osisi ya bụ axillary.  Ọkpụkpụ ya dị ka oval dị milimita 3.4 n'ogologo.  Corolla ya dị milimita 6.8 n'ogologo.  O nwere ọtụtụ stamens na ụdị 3.  Mkpụrụ ya na-agbaji agbaji ma nwee akụkụ.

### Ihe ndị dị ndụ na-amụ nwa
A na-awụfu ntụ ọka nke S. elegans dị ka tetrads na-adịgide adịgide.

## Ihe odide
Saurauia seibertii

***Saurauia seibertii*** bụ ụdị osisi dị na ezinụlọ Actinidiaceae. Ọ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na Panama.  Ọ na-eyi egwu site na mbibi ebe obibi.

## Ihe odide
Spathacanthus hahnianus

***Spathacanthus hahnianus*** bụ ụdị osisi dị na ezinụlọ Acanthaceae. A na-ahụ ya na Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, na Nicaragua. Ọ na-eyi egwu site na mbibi ebe obibi. Ụdị a na-apụta n'oké ọhịa igwe ojii na oké ọhịa mmiri ozuzo, ọ na-esiri ike n'oké osimiri oak, na ọtụtụ n'ime ha gburugburu iyi. A na-ahụ ya n'ebe dị n'agbata mita 150 na 1,650 .

## Ihe odide
Florence Chenoweth

Florence Alletta Chenoweth (2 Eprel 1945 - 26 June 2023) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ọrụ ugbo na ọkachamara nchekwa nri Liberia.  Dị ka onye minista na-ahụ maka ọrụ ugbo na Liberia, ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ nwere ọkwa dị otú ahụ na Africa.  Ọ rụkwara ọtụtụ ọkwa dị elu na Òtù Na-ahụ Maka nri na Ọrụ Ugbo nke United Nations (FAO).

”.A mụrụ Chenoweth na Robertsport, Liberia.  Ọ nwetara BSc.  Site na Mahadum Liberia na 1967 wee nweta nzere Masters na akụnụba ugbo na Mahadum Wisconsin–Madison dị na United States na 1970. Ọ laghachiri Liberia ọ nwere ọrụ dị iche iche na Ministry of Agriculture ruo 1977, mgbe a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ minista Liberia.  nke ugbo.[1]  Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ jere ozi dị ka onye ozi ọrụ ugbo n'Africa ma n'oge ahụ bụ naanị nwanyị minista ọrụ ugbo n'ebe ọ bụla.[2]  Mgbe ọ gara ogbako FAO maka ndị minista na-ahụ maka ọrụ ugbo n'isi ụlọ ọrụ FAO dị na Rome kwa afọ, ọ zutere ihe isi ike n'oge ndị ozi gara leta Vatican.  Ajụrụ ya obere oge ịbanye, ndị nche gwara ya na "ọ bụghị maka ndị nwunye".[3]

After arriving in the United States she worked for the World Bank, first in Zambia and then in Washington, D.C. In 1986 she obtained a PhD in land resources, again from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, with a dissertation on “Small Farmers’ Response to Economic Incentives: A Case Study of Small Farmers in Liberia”. In 1995 she joined FAO as its representative in The Gambia. Subsequently she opened FAO's first office in South Africa following the end of apartheid. In 2001, she was put in charge of FAO liaison with the United Nations in New York, a post she filled until 2007.

* Florence Chenoweth was awarded an Honorary Degree by her alma mater, the University of Wisconsin–Madison, following a semester-long appointment in 2007 as a distinguished international visitor. The university noted her “inspiring activist work to alleviate world hunger”. She was given a Distinguished Alumni Award by the university in 2005. 
* The Hunger Project named her as its Africa Prize laureate in 2011 for improving the livelihoods of women farmers. She promoted domestic food production in Liberia, where many people are undernourished.
* She was a Vital Voices and Bank of America Global Ambassador.
OIE/FAO Network of Expertise on Animal Influenza

**OFFLU bụ njikọ OIE-FAO zuru ụwa ọnụ nke nka na influenza anụmanụ.  OFFLU bu n'obi ibelata mmetụta ọjọọ nke nje influenza anụmanụ site n'ịkwalite mmekorita dị mma n'etiti ndị ọkachamara ahụike anụmanụ yana yana ngalaba ahụike mmadụ.  OFFLU na-enyocha ma kesaa ozi na ihe ndị dị ndụ iji chọpụta na ibelata ihe egwu ahụike n'oge, ma kesaa ozi gbasara nje influenza anụmanụ n'aka Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa (WHO) iji nyere aka na mmalite nkwadebe nke ọgwụ mgbochi mmadụ.  E hiwere ya na 2005, na mbụ iji kwado mbọ zuru ụwa ọnụ iji chịkwaa H5N1 influenza avian nke ukwuu.**

## OFFLU's Objectives
Litsea

***Litsea*** bụ ụdị osisi na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ma ọ bụ osisi ma ọ bụ obere osisi nke ezinụlọ laurel, Lauraceae. Ụdị ahụ gụnyere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ụdị ndị a nabatara na mpaghara okpomọkụ na mpaghara okirikiri nke North America na Eshia.

## Ihe ndị e ji mara ya
thumb|''Litsea japonica''
Ha na-abụkarị osisi dioecious ma ọ bụ obere osisi. Akwụkwọ ya nwere ike ịbụ ma ọ bụ deciduous ma ọ bụ evergreen dabere na ụdị, na aromatic. Ha nwere akwụkwọ na-agbanwe agbanwe ma ọ bụ na-emegide ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ na-agba gburugburu. Okooko osisi ndị a na-adịghị ahụkebe na-adị site na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ruo na-acha ọcha, na-acha odo odo, ruo na-ach odo odo. Inflorescences bụ pseudo-umbels, flat-topped ma ọ bụ rounded flower clusters, nke ọ bụla pseudo-umbel nwere involucre nke anọ ma ọ bụ isii decussate bracts.

## Ụdị dị iche iche
Ụdị ndị a nabatara ugbu a gụnyere:
 

## Ihe odide
Elaeocarpus williamsianus

***Elaeocarpus williamsianus***, nke a maara dị ka hairy quandong, bụ ụdị osisi na-agbasa okooko n'ezinụlọ Elaeocirpaceae ma bụrụ nke a na-ahụkarị n'ebe a machibidoro iwu n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ New South Wales. Ọ bụ obere osisi nwere akwụkwọ dị ka ube, okooko osisi na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na mkpụrụ osisi na- acha anụnụ anụnụ.

## Nkọwa
*Elaeocarpus williamsianus* bụ osisi na-etolite ruo 9-15 m (30-49 ) na ogwe osisi nke ruru 18 cm (7.1 in), na-acha nchara nchara ma na-enweghị mgbọrọgwụ. A na-ekpuchi obere alaka ya na ajị anụ, ajị nchara. Akwụkwọ ya dị ka lance ruo n'ụdị àkwá na njedebe dị warara n'akụkụ ala, 90-150  (3.5-5.9 in) ogologo na 30-55  (1.2-2.2 in) obosara na petiole 15-32 mm (0.59-1.26 in) ogologo. Akwụkwọ ya nwere ezé asatọ ruo iri mgbe ụfọdụ n'akụkụ ya. Okooko osisi ndị ahụ na-akwụsi ike, na-ebute na axils akwụkwọ n'ìgwè iri na otu ruo iri na isii na rachis 25-50 mm (0.98-1.97 in) ogologo, okooko osisi ọ bụla na pedicel 2-4 mm (0.079-0.157 in) ogologo. Okooko osisi ndị a nwere oblong ise na triangular green sepals 9.5-11 mm (0.37-0.43 in) ogologo na ihe dị ka 2 mm (0.079 in) obosara. Petal ise ahụ na-acha ọcha na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, oblong, 11-13 mm (0.43-0.51 in) ogologo na 2-2.5 mm (0.079-0.098 in) obosara na mpempe akwụkwọ iri abụọ na abụọ ruo iri abụọ na isii na ọnụ. E nwere iri atọ ruo iri atọ na asatọ stamens na ovary jupụtara na ọlaọcha ntutu. Okooko osisi na-apụta site na Nọvemba ruo Disemba ma mkpụrụ osisi ahụ bụ ihe na-acha anụnụ anụnụ nke dị gburugburu 20-30 mm (0.79-1.18 in) n'obosara,  ahụ nwere oghere atọ.

## Nchịkọta
Gordon Paul Guymer kọwara *Elaeocarpus williamsianus* na 1983 na akwụkwọ akụkọ *Telopea* site na ụdị ndị anakọtara na nso Burringbar na 1980. Aha a kapịrị ọnụ (*williamsianus*) na-asọpụrụ John Beaumont Williams nke Mahadum New England.

## Ebe a na-ekesa ya
A na-ejedebe ntutu ntutu n'ebe itoolu na Burringbar Range n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke New South Wales, ebe ọ na-eto n'oké ọhịa mmiri ozuzo na-ekpo ọkụ, gụnyere n'ebe ndị a na-enye nsogbu ebe ọ gbakere site na mgbọrọgwụ.

## Ọnọdụ nchekwa
Quandong a dị nnọọ ụkọ ma ọ dịkarịa ala isii n'ime mmadụ itoolu ahụ bụ clones ma na-emepụta mkpụrụ ole na ole. A na-edepụta ụdị ahụ dị ka "ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ" n'okpuru *Iwu Nchedo Gburugburu Ebe Obibi* nke Gọọmentị Australia na *Iwu* Nchedo Biodiversity nke Gọọmenti New South Wales na 2016. A kwadebere atụmatụ mgbake. Ihe kachasị egwu na ụdị ahụ gụnyere mkpocha ebe obibi na nkwarụ, mwakpo ahịhịa, na ụdị ahụ nwere oke ọdịiche dị iche iche.

## Ihe odide
Litsea leefeana

***Litsea leefeana***, nke a maara dị ka brown bolly **gum** ma ọ bụ brown bollywood bụ **osisi** mmiri ozuzo n'ezinụlọ laurel. Obere osisi na-adịkarị n'oké ọhịa nke Queensland, Australia.

A na-akpọ aha a kpọmkwem site na Maazị Leefe, onye na-anakọta ihe ọkụkụ site na mpaghara Kennedy nke ugwu Queensland. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ụdị iri na otu n'ụdị buru ibu nke Eshia *Litsea* ruru Australia.

Mgbe Bernard Hyland nyochachara ya, a gbanwere aha ndịda Queensland na New South Wales nke ihe a maara dị ka osisi a *Litsea australis*.

Akwụkwọ ya dị n'ụdị elliptical, na-agbanwe agbanwe na ogwe osisi. 8 ruo 13 cm n'ogologo na ọnụ ọnụ. Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ na-apụta ìhè ma na-adọrọ mmasị n'akụkụ abụọ nke akwụkwọ ahụ. Okooko osisi na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ma ọ bụ na-acha creme na-emepụta site na akara akwụkwọ na alaka ma ọ bụ n'ime axils akwụkwọ. Mkpụrụ osisi ahụ bụ drupe ojii, nke nnụnụ dị iche iche na-eri. Mweghachi anaghị esiri ike site na mkpụrụ ọhụrụ, ma ọ bụrụ na ewepụ aril ojii.

*Litsea leefeana* dị mma dị ka osisi ubi n'ọnọdụ na-enweghị oyi. Osisi ndị na-eto eto chọrọ nchebe pụọ n'ikuku, yana ọtụtụ ndò na mmiri.

## Ụgbala
Ọtụtụ igurube na-eri akwụkwọ osisi a, gụnyere *Chaetocneme beata*, *Chaetocnème critomedia*, *Chaetochneme porphyropis*, Graphium sarpedon, *Trapezites phigalia* na *Trapezitos petalia*.
áká_èkpè|thumb|220x220px|Bottle na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, Graphium sarpedon

## Ihe odide
Usoro mmiri nke tankị

thumb|Sri Lanka Tank
thumb|Usoro mmiri nke tankị
Usoro cascade tank, ma ọ bụ usoro wewa-ellangava, bụ akụrụngwa ogbugba mmiri n'ubi Sri Lanka oge ochie.  Usoro a bụ netwọk nke obere tankị na-asọba na nnukwu mmiri mmiri na-echekwa mmiri ozuzo na mmiri ozuzo maka iji mee ihe n'ikpeazụ.[1][2]  Malite na narị afọ nke mbụ BC, [3] [4] bụ usoro ihe nketa dị mkpa zuru ụwa ọnụ site na United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation na 2017.[5]  E mebere njikwa ụlọ ọrụ etiti nke nnukwu usoro site na narị afọ nke atọ ruo na 13th.[2]

. IN'ozuzu Sri Lanka nwere nnukwu dams 80, na tankị 18,000 dị ugbu a, ma ọ bụ wewa.[1]  N'etiti tankị 10,000 na 14,000 na-arụsi ọrụ ike dị ka isi iyi mmiri;  Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị a na-ejide mmiri na mpaghara ugwu-etiti etiti ala ala kpọrọ nkụ.[2][3]

.Ndị na-eme nchọpụta na-eche na evolushọn nke tankị tank malitere site na mmiri ozuzo na-eri nri ma na-aghọwanye ọkaibe na-amalite site n'ịtụgharị rivulets, mgbe ahụ, osimiri na-adịgide adịgide, na-esote mmụba na-aga n'ihu na-ewu nke spillways, weirs na n'ikpeazụ sluices, na-ewu nke reservoirs.  , ruo mgbe, n'oge apogee nke mmepe, ndị Sri Lanka oge ochie nwere ike ime ka osimiri ndị na-adịchaghị mma na-eme ihe nke ọma ma jiri mmiri mee ihe dị ka o kwesịrị ekwesị.[1]  Ojiji akụkọ ihe mere eme nke sistemu ikuku tank gụnyere mkpa mmadụ (mmiri ị drinkingụ mmanya, idebe ihe ọcha, mmepụta nri), ịba ụba gburugburu ebe obibi, mmepe obodo, nhazi ókèala nchịkwa ("ụda mmiri"), na mbelata ọdachi okike.[2]

.A na-arụ ebe nchekwa mmiri ozuzo n'agwaetiti ahụ dị ka 300 TOA—e nwere nkwuputa na ọ bụ ndị mmụọ yaksha rụrụ Sorabora Wewa na Mahiyangana tupu ndị Indo-Aryan kwaga n'àgwàetiti ahụ[1]—na e mere atụmatụ na ngụkọta nke wewa 30,000 bụ.  wuru n'elu akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Sri Lanka
Horta nke Valencia

thumb|Satellite view
Ọ bụ mpaghara País Valencià kacha bi na ya.  Horta nke Valencia nwetara mmụba kachasị ukwuu na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, ọkachasị dịka onye nnabata mbata.  Mgbasawanye obodo ya akwalitela imepụta ọtụtụ obodo mepere emepe, yana ntinye na nucleus nke obodo mepere emepe nke obodo ndị mbụ.  N'oge a, mgbasawanye ahụ nyekwara aka na nkewa ya na mpaghara anọ a na-ewere ugbu a dị ka mpaghara mpaghara.

Ndị mmadụ na-echekwa omenala ugbo nke Valencia na nso obodo Valencia, na e nwere ụlọ ndị omenala maka ọrụ ugbo, nke a na-akpọ barraques, yana ụzọ omenala ndị dị n'akụkụ Horta, ọ bụrụgodị na obodo ahụ kpatara mmetụta ọjọọ n'ihi ụlọ nke ọtụtụ ala.  ala ahịhịa, na ogbako.  Ọnọdụ a, yana ịrụ ọrụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè ọhụrụ na okporo ụzọ ụgbọ ala abụọ, ebibiela Horta n'akụkụ dị iche iche.  Ọzọkwa, ọ hapụla obere mpaghara ime obodo nke nnukwu akụrụngwa gbara ya gburugburu.  Akụrụngwa ndị a nwere mmetụta ọ bụghị naanị na ndụ ndị ọrụ ugbo, kamakwa na ndị agbata obi.

Horta nke Campanar dị na ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke mpaghara Campanar.  N'ebe ugwu, ọ na-ekerịta oke ya na ụzọ ụgbọ ala abụọ jikọtara Valencia na Paterna.  N'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, ọ dị n'ihu Horta nke Paterna, na n'ebe ndịda, ọ na Horta nke Quart de Poblet, Mislata na osimiri Turia.  N'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, ọ na-ekerịta oke na Ronda Nord nke Valencia na mpaghara Beniferri na Campanar.

Horta nke Faitanar bụ akụkụ Horta nke Valencia nke dị na ndịda nke akwa osimiri ọhụrụ nke Osimiri Turia na ọdịda anyanwụ nke Forn d'Alcedo.  N'ebe ndịda, ọ dị n'ókè Picanya na Paiporta, na n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ, ọ dị n'ihu Xirivella ebe Horta na-aga n'ihu na-enweghị mgbawa.
Ndepụta nke Usoro Ihe Nketa Ọrụ Ugbo Dị Mkpa (Japan)

Ndepụta a bụ nke Sistemụ Ihe Nketa Ọrụ Ugbo dị mkpa zuru ụwa ọnụ (世界農業遺産, Sekai nōgyō isan) (GIAHS), dị ka Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) họpụtara, [1] [2] na Sistemụ Ihe Nketa Ọrụ Ugbo nke Mba Japan (日本) 農業遺産, Nihon nōgyō isan) (JNIAHS), [3] dị ka Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) họpụtara,[4] na Japan.

## Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems
Ndagwurugwu Nri nke Añana

thumb|Salt valley nke Añana
Ndagwurugwu nnu nke Añana (Basque: Añanako gatz harana, Spanish: Valle salado de Añana) bụ ọdọ mmiri na-ekupụ nnu n'ime ala na Salinas de Añana, Obodo Basque, Spain.  Mmiri nnu na-apụta site na isi iyi anọ dị n'isi ndagwurugwu ahụ, nke a na-atụgharị n'ọtụtụ ọdọ mmiri ma hapụ ya ka ọ pụọ.  Ihe akaebe kacha ochie nke mmịpụta nnu na ndagwurugwu ahụ sitere na Neolithic.  N'ime narị afọ nke 20, ọnụ ala nke mmepụta nnu n'oké osimiri mere ka a gbahapụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nso.  Kemgbe narị afọ nke 20, a na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-eweghachi ndagwurugwu ahụ.

.Na mmalite narị afọ nke 20, e webatara ihe ọhụrụ dị ka konkịtị, ebe ọnụ ọgụgụ ọdọ mmiri mụbara.  Uru nke mmepụta nnu dara nke ukwuu na ọkara nke abụọ nke narị afọ nke 20.  Nke a mere ka ọ dị nso n'ịgbahapụ mmepụta nnu, na ihe owuwu nke ndagwurugwu ahụ dara n'iyi.  Ndị ọchịchị Spen kwuputara saịtị ahụ dị ka Bien de Interés Cultural na 1984.  N'oge a, usoro mgbake na-aga n'ihu malitere[2].  N'afọ 2012, agbakwunyere ndagwurugwu ahụ na ndepụta tent nke ihe nketa ụwa.[3][4]
Nkwekọrịta maka Enyemaka n'Ime Ihe Ọghọm Nuklia ma ọ bụ Mberede Radiological

Nkwekọrịta maka Enyemaka n'ihe gbasara ihe mberede nuklia ma ọ bụ ihe mberede redio bụ nkwekọrịta 1986 nke International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) nke steeti kwekọrịtara inye ọkwa nye IAEA enyemaka ọ bụla ha nwere ike inye n'ihe gbasara nuklia.  ihe mberede mere na steeti ọzọ kwadoro nkwekọrịta ahụ.  Tinyere Mgbakọ maka Ịma Ọkwa Mberede nke Mberede Nuklia, a nabatara ya na nzaghachi kpọmkwem na ọdachi Chernobyl nke April 1986.

Dị ka nke 2016, e nwere steeti 112 kwadoro ma ọ bụ nabata na Mgbakọ ahụ, gbakwunyere European Atomic Energy Community, Food and Agriculture Organisation, World Health Organisation, na World Meteorological Organisation.  Steeti ndị bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwado a mana ha akwadoghị ya bụ Afghanistan, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Holy See, Niger, North Korea, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Syria, na Zimbabwe.  Steeti ndị kwadoro Mgbakọ ahụ ma kagbuo ya ma wepụ ya na nkwekọrịta ahụ bụ Bulgaria, Hungary, Mongolia, na Poland.
Nkwekọrịta Banyere Nkwupụta N'Oge Banyere Ihe Ọghọm Nuklia

Nkwekọrịta na ọkwa mmalite nke ihe mberede nuklia bụ nkwekọrịta 1986 International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) nke steeti ekwenyela ịnye ọkwa maka ihe mberede nuklia ọ bụla na-eme n'ime ikike ya nwere ike imetụta steeti ndị ọzọ.  Ya, yana Mgbakọ maka Enyemaka n'ihe gbasara ihe ọghọm nuklia ma ọ bụ ihe mberede redio, ka anabatara na nzaghachi ozugbo na ọdachi Chernobyl nke Eprel 1986.

Emechara ma bịanye aka na ya na nnọkọ pụrụ iche nke ọgbakọ ọgbakọ IAEA na 26 Septemba 1986;  a kpọrọ nnọkọ pụrụ iche n’ihi ọdachi Chernobyl, bụ́ nke mere ọnwa ise gara aga.  N'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama, Soviet Union na SSR nke Ukraine—mpaghara ndị kpatara ọdachi Chernobyl—binyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwekọrịta ahụ na ogbako ahụ ma kwado ya ngwa ngwa.  Steeti iri isii na itoolu bịanyere aka na ya na Nkwekọrịta ahụ malitere na 27 Ọktoba 1986 ka nkwenye nke atọ gasịrị.
Elaeocarpus

***Elaeocarpus*** bụ ụdị nke ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ narị ise nke ụdị osisi na-agbasa okooko n'ezinụlọ Elaeocirpaceae nke dị na Western Indian Ocean, Tropical na Subtropical Asia, na Pacific. Osisi ndị dị na ụdị *Elaeocarpus* bụ osisi ma ọ bụ obere osisi nwere akwụkwọ dị mfe, okooko osisi nwere okooko osisi anọ ma ọ bụ ise na-enwekarị, na mkpụrụ osisi na-acha anụnụ anụnụ.
thumb|Mkpụrụ osisi ''Elaeocarpus sylvestris''
thumb|Akwụkwọ ''Elaeocarpus dentatus''
[thumb|Okooko osisi ''[Elaeocarpus grandiflorus*, na Munnar]]
[[Usòrò:Elaeocarpus_tuberculatus_flowers_04.jpg|thumb|*Elaeocarpus tuberculatus*]]
[[Usòrò:繁花薯豆_Elaeocarpus_multiflorus_20220911103816_01.jpg|thumb|Pulvina na nsọtụ abụọ nke petiole. *Elaeocarpus multiflorus* ]]

== Nkọwa ==
Osisi ndị dị n'ụdị *Elaeocarpus* na-abụkarị osisi ma ọ bụ obere osisi, ole na ole bụ epiphytes ma ọ bụ lianes, ụfọdụ na-adị mkpirikpi. A na-ahazi akwụkwọ ya n'ụzọ dị mfe, dị mfe (nke nwere naanị otu akwụkwọ) na ọzịza ebe petiole na-ezute lamina, na-enwekarị ọnụ ezé, na-enwekarị akwara ndị a ma ama ma na-acha ọbara ọbara tupu ọ daa. A na-ahazi okooko osisi ndị ahụ n'otu raceme, na-abụkarị bisexual, nwere sepals anọ ma ọ bụ ise na petals na ọtụtụ stamens. Petals na-enwekarị lobes nke kewara nke ọma. Mkpụrụ osisi ahụ bụ oghere na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, mgbe ụfọdụ oji, na endocarp a tụrụ atụ.

== Nchịkọta na aha ==
Carl Linnaeus kọwara ụdị *Elaeocarpus* na 1753 na Species Plantarum, ọ bụ ezie na Johannes Burman bipụtara ihe osise nke "*Elaecarpus serrata*" n'akwụkwọ ya *Thesaurus zeylanicus*, mana enweghị nkọwa nke *ụdị* ahụ. Ụdị mbụ Linnaeus kọwara (ụdị ụdị) bụ *Elaeocarpus serratus*. Aha *Elaeocarpus* sitere na Grik ma ọ pụtara 'mkpụrụ osisi oliv'.

== Ụdị dị iche iche ==
Hụkwa Ndepụta nke ụdị 

E nwere ihe dị ka ụdị 488 nke *Elaeocarpus'', nke a na-ahụ n'àgwàetiti ndị dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Oké Osimiri India, n'ebe okpomọkụ na mpaghara okpomọkụ nke Eshia, Australia na n'àgbè Pacific.

### Ụdị ndị a họọrọ
 

## Ihe odide
Òtù Ndị Alakụba Maka Nchebe Nri

.Islamic Organisation for Food Security (IOFS; Arabic: المنظمة الإسلامية للأمن الغذائي; French: Organisation islamique pour la sécurité alimentaire), bụ nzukọ nri na ọrụ ugbo na otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ asatọ pụrụ iche nke Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Njikọ Alakụba lekwasịrị anya na mmepe nke ọrụ ugbo.  na mmepe ime obodo na-elekwasị anya na ụkọ nri na nchekwa nri nke obodo ndị otu.  Mba ndị otu iri atọ na asaa n'ime 57 bịanyere aka na ya akwụkwọ ikike dịka nke 2022. Obodo ndị metụtara ya na-arụkọ ọrụ na IOFS.[1]

E hiwere Òtù Islam maka Nchekwa nri na 17 November 2012 site n'inwe mkpebi na nnọkọ 39th nke Council of Foreign Ministers nke Republic of Djibouti kwadoro n'etiti 15 na 17 November 2012. Otú ọ dị, ọ ghọrọ ụlọ ọrụ pụrụ iche nke OIC mgbe ọ nakweere a.  mkpebi na nnọkọ 40th nke Council of Foreign Minister kwadoro n'etiti 9 na 11 Disemba 2013 na Conakry, Guinea.  Ọ malitere na 19 February 2008 n'okpuru edemede 21 nke Iwu ahụ, OIC na Secretariat ya malitere ọrụ na 1 Maachị 2018.

IOFS is objectively focused on coordination, formulation and implementation of agricultural policies to reduce food crisis in its associated member states. It also conduct humanitarian assistance operations in the state of emergency. It also contribute in the field of desertification, information technology (IT), erosion, and deforestation in addition providing information concerning use of water resources. It also collaborate with other institutions to prevent spread of cross-species transmission, particularly border disease.
Ndepụta mba site na mmepụta pear

thumb|Countries by pear production in 2020
Tebụl ndị a na-egosi mmepụta pear site na data obodo sitere na Food and Agriculture Organisation Corporate Statistical Database.[1]  Ngụkọta mkpokọta mba ụwa maka pears na 2020 bụ metric tonne 23,109,219, gbadara site na 4.8% site na tọn 24,279,481 na 2019.  %).
Ndepụta mba site na mmepụta tomato

thumb|500x500px|Countries by tomato production in 2017
Nke a bụ ndepụta mba site na mmepụta tomato na 2016 na 2017, dabere na data sitere na Food and Agriculture Organisation Corporate Statistical Database.[1]  Ọnụ ọgụgụ zuru ụwa ọnụ maka tomato na 2017 bụ metric tonnes 182,301,395, mmụba nke 1.6% site na tọn 179,508,401 na 2016.  E gosipụtara ókèala ndị dabere na mkpụrụedemede.
Inger Andersen

.Tupu nhọpụta ya, na UNEP, Andersen bụ onye isi oche nke International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), [1] osote onye isi ala maka mmepe Sustainable na World Bank na onye isi nke CGIAR Fund Council wee bụrụ onye isi oche nke Bank World Bank.  Middle East na North Africa.[2]

. Inger Andersen bụ ada Aagot la Cour Andersen na Erik Andersen.[1]  Ọ bụ nwa nwa onye ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na ọkà mmụta ihe ochie bụ Vilhelm la Cour [dk].  Nwanne ya nwoke bụ Hans la Cour, onye edemede na onye na-eme ihe nkiri, nke ama ama na ụwa egwuregwu ụgbọ mmiri [2] na akwụkwọ akụkọ gburugburu ebe obibi.  [3]

.   Andersen malitere ọrụ ya na Sudan na 1982 ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ na mbụ dị ka onye nkuzi Bekee n'okpuru mmemme ndị nkuzi Bekee na-akwado UK.  Na 1985 ọ sonyeere SudanAid, ogwe aka mmepe na enyemaka nke ọgbakọ ndị Bishọp Katọlik nke Sudan.  Ọrụ ya lekwasịrị anya n'ụnwụ nri, enyemaka ụkọ mmiri ozuzo, na imezigharị ya.

Andersen rụrụ ọrụ na United Nations na New York afọ 12 na UN Sudano-Sahelian Office (UNSO), (ugbu a Global Policy Center on Resilient Ecosystems and Desertification nke dabeere na Nairobi[1]) ebe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na ọzara.  N'afọ 1992, a họpụtara ya Onye Nchịkọba Gburugburu Gburugburu Ebe obibi Facility maka MENA na UNDP, ebe ọ na-ahụ maka nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi zuru ụwa ọnụ na mba 22 Arab.

From 2010 until 2011, Andersen served as the World Bank’s Vice President for Sustainable Development and Head of the CGIAR Fund Council. During her tenure she oversaw the creation of the CGIAR Fund Council and the CGIAR Consortium.  As Vice President for Sustainable Development, Andersen profiled a number of World Bank priorities, including: agricultural productivity and enhancing food security;  infrastructure investment; climate change resilience;  green growth;  social accountability; disaster risk management; and culture and development. 

Under Andersen's leadership, IUCN held its 2016 World Conservation Congress in Hawaii, United States. The 2016 Congress was the largest international conservation event held in the United States. It was opened by President Barack Obama on the eve of the formal opening  
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ernesto Enkerlin

Ernesto Christian Enkerlin Hoeflich (amụrụ 14 Disemba 1958 na Monterrey) bụ onye isi nchekwa na nkwado na Parque Fundidora.[1]  Onye ama ama na nchekwa nchekwa Mexico, onye na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na onye nyocha, ọ bụ ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi, amụma gburugburu ebe obibi, nkwado na nlekọta ihe ndị dị ndụ.[2]

Enkerlin nwere nzere bachelọ nke injinia na Agronomy na Animal Science site na Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education (ITESM, 1980) na nzere doctorate na anụ ọhịa na sayensị azụ si Texas A&M University na College Station (1995).[1]

As a conservationist, Enkerlin has worked for several NGOs and co-founded *Amigos de la Naturaleza* and *Pronatura Noreste* before joining the National Commission on Protected Areas by presidential appointment. During his tenure, Mexico increased its protected area coverage by almost 50% adding over 8 million hectares in different protected area categories and also became the country in the world with the most international protected area designations which it holds to this date (2015). CONANP incorporated 26 new sites to the World Network of Biosphere Reserves and received recognition for over 125 wetlands of international importance under the Ramsar Convention. Additionally, Mexico incorporated Islands and Protected Areas of the Gulf of California (2005) and Monarch Butterfly Sanctuaries (2009) as natural sites under the World Heritage Convention. Enkerlin was also involved in negotiating and launching the first international agreement on wilderness signed by the governments of Canada, United States and Mexico in November, 2009, *Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation for Wilderness and Protected Areas Conservation* and in establishing the first wilderness area in Latin America.
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Penelope Figgis

Penelope Figgis AO bụ onye Australia na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.  Kemgbe 2005 ọ bụbu onye osote onye isi oche nke Oceania nke IUCN World Commission on Mpaghara echedoro.￼

.Nchọpụta Figgis na mpaghara mmasị gụnyere mpaghara echedoro mba na mba, amụma nchekwa ihe dị iche iche, ihe nketa ụwa, njem nlegharị anya na-adịgide adịgide, njikwa akụ sitere n'okike, nchekwa ala nkeonwe na njikwa oghere ọha.

Penelope Figgis's involvement with nature conservation advocacy began as a student in the late 1970s, when she campaigned heavily for the Wollemi National Park in NSW and the NSW Rainforests.

In 1979 she graduated Bachelor of Arts (First Class Honours) in Government and Public Administration, University of Sydney, with the thesis titled *The Politics of Wilderness Conservation: The Movement and the Issues*.
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Martin Holdgate

Sir Martin Wyatt Holdgate CB (amuru 14 Jenuarị 1931 na Horsham, England) bu onye okachamara ihe banyere ndu bekee na onye sayensi gburugburu.

.A mụrụ Holdgate na Horsham, England na 14 Jenụwarị 1931, tolitere na Blackpool, [1] wee gụrụ akwụkwọ na Arnold School.  Ọ gara mahadum Cambridge dị ka onye na-agụghị akwụkwọ na kọleji Queens, Cambridge site na 1949, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1952 na ogo mmụta zoology na botany[2] na, emesịa, doctorate na physiology ụmụ ahụhụ.[1]

.Ọ kụziri na Mahadum Manchester, Mahadum Durham na Cambridge, yana ime njem na Tristan da Cunha, ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Chile na Antarctic.[1]  Ọ bụ Chief Biologist na British Antarctic Survey, mgbe ahụ, onye isi nyocha nke Nature Conservancy Council na, afọ iri na asatọ, onye isi sayensị na onye isi nyocha na ngalaba nke gburugburu ebe obibi.  N'ikpeazụ, ọ bụ onye isi oche nke International Union for Conservation of Nature

## Awards and honours

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Peter Jackson (onye na-echekwa ihe)

Peter Jackson (27 Jenụwarị 1926 - 8 Disemba 2016) bụ onye odeakụkọ Britain, onye na-ese foto na onye ode akwụkwọ, onye nwere mmasị na nchekwa nke agụ.  Na 1983 ọ ghọrọ Onye isi oche nke Cat Specialist Group, ọnọdụ ọ nọrọ afọ 17.

Jackson rụrụ ọrụ na Reuters ma bụrụ onye isi akwụkwọ akụkọ maka ụlọ ọrụ India site na 1954 ruo 1960 na site na 1962 ruo 1970. Mmasị ya na agụ bilitere n'ime afọ 18 ọ nọ na India dị ka onye nta akụkọ akụkọ, nke mere ka ya na WWF International's Operation Tiger rụọ ọrụ.  [1] India Project Tiger na mmemme nchekwa na Nepal, Thailand na Indonesia.

Jackson initially worked independently to promote tiger conservation. He was Chairman of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Cat Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission (SSC) between 1983 and 2000, and subsequently became chairman emeritus. Jackson was a world-renowned tiger conservationist who was involved in tiger research and conservation efforts from the late 1960s.

Jackson co-authored and co-edited several publications on big cats and tigers, including *Tiger!* (Boxtree 1994) with Simon Barnes in association with Tigress Productions and Meridian Broadcasting, *Wild Cats: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan* with Kristin Nowell (IUCN 1996) and *Riding the Tiger: Tiger Conservation in Human Dominated Landscapes* (Cambridge University Press 1999).
Christian Jouanin

Christian Jouanin]]

.Christian Jouanin (1925 - 8 Nọvemba 2014) [1] bụ onye ama ama na ọnithologist na ọkachamara na petrel.  Ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka Museum National d'histoire naturelle na Paris na ọ bụbu osote onye isi oche nke International Union for Conservation of Nature.  O meela ọtụtụ nnukwu ọrụ n'ọhịa, ọkachasị na petrel dị n'Oké Osimiri India na Madeiras, ma kọwaa ọtụtụ ụdị.[2]

.Christian Jouanin (1925 - 8 Nọvemba 2014) [1] bụ onye ama ama na ọnithologist na ọkachamara na petrel.  Ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka Museum National d'histoire naturelle na Paris na ọ bụbu osote onye isi oche nke International Union for Conservation of Nature.  O meela ọtụtụ nnukwu ọrụ n'ọhịa, ọkachasị na petrel dị n'Oké Osimiri India na Madeiras, ma kọwaa ọtụtụ ụdị.[2]

.A ghọtara Jouanin dị ka onye ọkachamara na Order Procellariiformes wee dekọọ akụkụ nke nnụnụ ndị ahụ na James Lee Peters Check-list of Birds of the World.[1]  Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka osote onye isi oche nke International Union for Conservation of Nature site na 1970 ruo 1975 ma bụrụkwa onye otu International Ornithological Congress kemgbe 1954, na-eje ozi na Kọmitii Na-adịgide adịgide site na 1970 ruo 1978.
Ọrịa na-acha uhie uhie

**Ọrịa na-acha uhie uhie** (Latịn: *Typhonium flagelliforme*) bụ ụdị osisi na-agbasa okooko n'ezinụlọ Araceae.

Typhonium flagelliforme bụ nwa amaala Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, New Guinea, Queensland, na Australian Northern Territory.

## Ihe odide
Cyanthillium cinereum

áká_èkpè|thumb|''Cyanthillium cinereum'' - isi okooko osisi
***Cyanthillium cinereum*** (nke a makwaara dị ka **obere ironweed** na poovamkurunnal ma ọ bụ **poovamkurunnila** na Malayalam, na **monara kudumbiya** na Sinhalese) bụ ụdị osisi na-adịgide adịgide n'ezinụlọ sunflower. A mụrụ ụdị ahụ n'ebe okpomọkụ Africa na n'ebe ekpomọkụ Eshia (India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Indonesia, wdg) ma bụrụ nke a ma ama na Australia, Mesoamerica, okpomọkụ South America, West Indies, na US State of Florida.

Cyanthillium cinereum bụ ahịhịa na-eto kwa afọ ruo 120 cm (4 ụkwụ) n'ogologo. Ọ na-emepụta usoro dị larịị nke ọtụtụ isi okooko osisi, nke ọ bụla nwere okooko osisi diski na-acha pinki ma ọ bụ na-acha odo odo ma ọ nweghị okooko osisi ray. Enwere ike ịgbagwoju ụdị ahụ anya na *Emilia sonchifolia*, mana okooko osisi nke ikpeazụ ahụ dị ogologo ma nwee ọdịdị ite.

A na-eji *Cyanthillium cinereum* eme ihe maka ịkwụsị ịṅụ sịga na Thailand na mba ndị ọzọ, yana dị ka enyemaka maka oyi nkịtị.

A na-akpọbu ya *Vernonia cinerea*, mana o doro anya na e nwere mmelite taxonomic, oge ụfọdụ tupu mmalite 2014.

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe Ozi Ụwa Nile Na-ahụ Maka Ọgwụ Na-agwakọta Ọnụ

Media related to Cyanthillium cinereum at Wikimedia Commons
Julia Marton-Lefèvre

Julia Marton-Lefèvre (1946, Budapest) bụ onye France - onye na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na agụmakwụkwọ US.  Ọ gụrụ akụkọ ihe mere eme, ecology na atụmatụ gburugburu ebe obibi na US na France, ma mụọ ya na Hungary.

.Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke IUCN, [1] International Union for Conservation of Nature, site na 2007 ruo etiti Jenụwarị 2015.[2]  Tupu nke a, Marton-Lefèvre bụ Rector nke Mahadum Udo (UPEACE), mahadum mba ụwa nke gụsịrị akwụkwọ, nke United Nations nyere ikike, na-enye ọzụzụ, ọzụzụ na nyocha n'ihe metụtara udo na esemokwu.  Ụlọ ọrụ ndị mbụ nke Marton-Lefèvre nwere gụnyere onye isi nchịkwa nke LEAD (Leadership for Environment and Development) International , mmemme nke Rockefeller Foundation hibere iji mee ka ọnụ na ịzụ ndị isi n'etiti ọrụ sitere n'akụkụ nile nke ụwa n'ịkwalite nkà nduzi ha gburugburu.  okwu nke mmepe na-adigide, na onye isi nchịkwa nke International Council for Science (nke a na-akpọ ICSU).  Ọ malitere ọrụ mba ụwa na mmemme na agụmakwụkwọ gburugburu ebe obibi na UNESCO.[3]

Njikọ ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ dị na Mahadum Yale, ebe ọ nọrọ na 2016 dị ka Edward P. Bass Distinguished Visiting Environmental Scholar.  Ọ na-aga n'ihu na njikọ ya na Yale na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ nke gburugburu ebe obibi site n'ịkụzi na ịkụzi ụmụ akwụkwọ dị ka Fellow of Davenport College, yana dịka onye isi oche nke Environmental Leadership and Training Initiative.  Ọ na-ejekwa ozi na bọọdụ ndụmọdụ nke James Martin nke Mahadum Oxford, Julie Ann Wrigley Global Institute of Sustainability (Arizona State University) na International Risk Governance Center nke dabere na Federal Polytechnic Institute na Lausanne (EPFL).  Ọ gụchara afọ 10 n'oge na-adịbeghị anya dị ka onye ntọala nke bọọdụ nke Geneva dabeere na Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, ma nọgide na-abụ onye otu ndụmọdụ ndụmọdụ nke Institute's Center for Environmental Studies.

Marton-Lefèvre is the recipient of the AAAS Award for International Cooperation in Science; and has been honoured as a Chevalier de la Légion d’Honneur” by the government of France, and as a Chevalier dans l'Ordre de Saint-Charles by Prince Albert of Monaco. She also received the ProNatura Award from the government of Hungary and the Presidential citation from the Republic of Korea. In 2019, Marton-Lefèvre was recognized with a Lifetime Achievement Award of the National Council for Science and the Environment, and as an Officer de l'Ordre National de Mérite by the President of France.
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Asystasia gangetica

***Asystasia gangetica*** bụ ụdị osisi dị na ezinụlọ Acanthaceae. A maara ya dịka violet nke China, **coromandel** ma ọ bụ **foxglove** na-agagharị agagharị. Na South Africa, a pụrụ ịkpọ osisi a **asystasia**.
thumb|Site na Hyderabad, India

## Nkọwa
Osisi a bụ ahịhịa na-agbasa ma ọ bụ mkpuchi ala, na-eru 600 mm n'ịdị elu ma ọ bụ ruo 1 m ma ọ bụrụ na akwado ya. Ogwe osisi ndị ahụ gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ n'ụzọ dị mfe na nodes. Akwụkwọ ya dị mfe ma dị iche.Mkpụrụ osisi ahụ bụ capsule na-agbawa agbawa nke na-amalite na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, mana ọ na-akpọnwụ ruo na-acha nchara nchara mgbe ọ meghere.

## Ụdị dị iche iche

* A. g. gangetica, nwere nnukwu (30-40 mm ogologo) okooko osisi na-acha anụnụ anụnụ ma ọ bụ na-acha odo odo.
* A. g. micrantha (N'olu) Ensermu, nwere obere (ruo 25 mm n'ogologo) okooko osisi na-acha ọcha na akara odo odo na egbugbere ọnụ ala.

## Nhazi
A na-agbasa ya n'ebe nile na Old World Tropics, ma webata ya na mpaghara okpomọkụ America na Hawaii, ebe ọ ghọrọ ihe okike. E web*a*tara ụdị abụọ nke osisi a na Australia ebe A. g. micrantha dị na National Environmental Alert List ma a ghaghị ịkọ akụkọ mgbe a chọtara ya. Ebe mbụ nke subspecies bụ ihe *a* na-ejighị n'aka, mana o yikarịrị ka A. g. gangetica dị na Eshia, na A. g, micrantha dị na Africa.

## Ịmụ nwa
Ernest Akamine (1947) chọpụtara na ọ nweghị usoro ụra doro anya na-arụ ọrụ na mkpụrụ, nke na-epulite n'enweghị ihe mgbochi ụbọchị 135 mgbe a chụpụrụ ya na osisi nne na nna. Mmepụta okooko osisi nwere ike ịmalite n'oge ụbọchị 40 mgbe ọ gbasịrị, na mmepe mkpụrụ na-amalite mgbe ụbọchị 57, na-eme ka mmepụta nke mkpụrụ dị ndụ dị mfe n'ime ụbọchị 72. A na-achụpụ mkpụrụ ahụ n'ụzọ na-agbawa agbawa mgbe ọ kara site na retinacula a na-etinye n'ahụ (ihe osise).


## Ojiji
N'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke Africa, a na-eri akwụkwọ ya dị ka akwụkwọ nri ma jiri ya mee ihe dị ka ọgwụ mkpá akwụkwọ na ọgwụ ọdịnala Africa. A na-eji akwụkwọ ya eme ihe n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke Naịjirịa dị ka ọgwụ ọdịnala Afrịka maka nlekọta ụkwara ume ọkụ.  A na-ejikwa ya dị ka osisi ịchọ mma.

## Mkpa gburugburu ebe obibi
Nke a bụ osisi dị mkpa maka aṅụ, urukurubụba na ụmụ ahụhụ ndị ọzọ. N'ebe ndịda Afrịka, e nwere ma ọ dịkarịa ala ụdị urukurubụba na nla asaa na-eji A. g. micrantha dị ka ihe oriri larval; *Junonia oenone*, *Junonia hierta*, *Junonia natalica*, *Junonia terea*, *Protogoniomorpha parhassus*, *Hypolimnas misippus* na *Microplexia costimaculalis*. Uto siri ike nke A. g. micrantha na mpaghara okpomọkụ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ahịhịa nke nwere ike igbu ụfọdụ ahịhịhịa ala ebe ewebatala ya.

## Ihe ngosi

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga
Ugboro osisi

Ọkụ bụ obere osisi ma ọ bụ osisi naenweghị alaka.  A naejikarị okwu a eme ihe nọhịa iji zoo aka na mkpụrụ osisi naenweghị alaka nke dị ihe dịka 0.5-1.0 m (1 ft 7 in-3 ft 3 in) n'ịdị elu na afọ 2-3, nke a zụlitere maka ịkụ.

## Ihe odide
Asarum caudatum

***Asarum caudatum*** (**ginger ọhịa nke British Columbia**, **ginger ọhịa ọdịda anyanwụ**, ma ọ bụ **ginger ọhịa** ogologo ọdụ) bụ osisi a mụrụ n'oké ọhịa ndị bara ọgaranya nke ọdịda anyanwụ North America. Ọ nwere akwụkwọ dị ka obi na okooko osisi na-acha odo odo atọ.

## Nkọwa
Na-eto site na ogologo rhizome, akwụkwọ reniform (nkụ / obi) dị site na  (3⁄4-4 sentimita) n'ogologo. A na-ahụ akwụkwọ ndị ahụ n'ìgwè ma ọ bụ ụyọkọ ka rhizome na-agbasa, na-emepụta mat. Akwụkwọ ya na-esi ísì ụtọ mgbe a na-asa ya. Ọ na-ama ifuru site n'April ruo July (ihe dị ka otu ọnwa tupu mgbe ahụ na British Columbia), okooko osisi ahụ na-anọdụ na njedebe nke 15 cm (6 in) akwụkwọ, na-abụkarị n'ala, nke akwụkwọ ya kpuchiri. Okooko osisi ndị ahụ bụ hirsute (nke nwere ntutu), dị ka iko, na-acha nchara nchara ruo na-acha odo odo, na-agwụ na atọ, ogologo, nke gbagọrọ agbagọ.

Ụdị ndị yiri ya gụnyere *A*. h*a*rtwegii, A. *lemmonii*, na A. *marmoratum*.

## Okwu mmalite
*Caudatum* sitere na Latin cauda, nke pụtara *ọdụ*. Nke a na-ezo aka n'ọdịdị yiri ọdụ nke calyx nke okooko osisi.

## Ebe a na-ekesa ya
A na-ahụ *Asarum caudatum* na British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, Northern California, Idaho, na Montana na gburugburu mmiri, nke nwere ndò. Ndị bi na ya kachasị n'ebe ugwu na-adị nso na Ọdọ Mmiri Meziadin. Ọ bụ ahịhịa a na-ahụkarị n'okpuru ala nke oké ọhịa conifer agwakọta n'okpuru mita 670 (2,200 ) n'ịdị elu, ọ na-abụkarịkwa osisi kachasị.

## Mmekọrịta gburugburu ebe obibi
A. caudatum na-amụba rhizomatously, nke pụtara na ọtụtụ mat sitere na otu osisi clonal jikọtara ya na rhizome. Ọ pụkwara ịmụ nwa site na mmekọahụ, na mkpụrụ ya nke ụmụ ahụhụ na-agbasa. A na-eji ụmụ ahụhụ emepụta okooko osisi ndị ahụ. Otú ọ dị, cross-pollination bụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe. A na-adọta ụmụ ahụhụ site na ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ nke dị na mkpụrụ ahụ. Ndanda na-eburu ngwugwu ahụ dum laghachi n'ìgwè ha. A na-atụkarị mkpụrụ ahụ n'èzí akwụ́ ya ozugbo ndanda ghọtara na ọ bụ naanị ihe nkedo ahụ ka a na-eri. N'ihi ego a na-efu iji mepụta mkpụrụ na ihe mgbakwunye iji dọta ụmụ ahụhụ, ọ dị mma maka osisi ahụ ịmụba rhizomatously.

## Nchekwa
*Asarum caudatum* edeghị aha ya dị ka ụdị nchegbu. Otú ọ dị, ebe obibi ebe a mụrụ ya na-eyi egwu na mpaghara ụfọdụ site na igbu osisi na iji ala ndị ọzọ.

## Nsogbu
Ndị otu ezinụlọ Aristolochiaceae nwere aristolochic acid, nke a ghọtara dị ka ihe na-akpata ọrịa kansa.

## Ojiji
A na-eri mgbọrọgwụ ya. Ụmụ amaala America jiri osisi ahụ mee ihe maka ebumnuche ọgwụ dị iche iche.

Ụfọdụ na-akọwa iji A. caudatum dị ka ihe na-anọchi anya ginger na dị ka tii nwere ihe ọgwụ. N'ime nnyocha b*a*nyere mmetụta ya na fungus, A. *caudatum* nwere ihe ndị na-egbochi fungus mgbe a nwalere ya megide ụdị fungus itoolu.

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Media related to Asarum caudatum at Wikimedia Commons
* 
* Profaịlụ na USDA PLANTS Database
* Map nkesa sitere na Flora nke North America na efloras.org

Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Oke ọhịa Zvarde

thumb|Oke ọhịa Zvarde
**Oke ọhịa Zvarde** (Latvian: ) bụ ogige ntụrụndụ dị na Latvia Saldus Municipality .  **Oke ọhịa Zvarde** dị nakụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Ugwu Saldus nke bi nọtụtụ ala ndị agha Soviet ji mee ihe dị ka ebe a na-atụ bọmbụ. Nụzọ nchịkwa, ọ bụ nke Jaunauce Parish, Ruba Parish na Zvārde Parish. Ọ dị nakụkụ ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ site na ebe nchekwa okike Zvārdes. E guzobere ebe a naechebe na 2004 iji hụ na a naechekwa ụkpụrụ okike dị ugbu a n'otu oge ahụ naakwalite mmepe naadịgide adịgide nke mpaghara ahụ. Ọ bụ ebe Natura 2000.

## Osisi
A chọpụtala ụdị osisi ụfọdụ nke European Habitats Directive nógbè ahụ.
Ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ bụ ebe obibi nke ọdịdị dịgasị iche iche: ala mmiri na European alder (*Alnus glutinosa*), oké ọhịa boreal, oké ọhịa ngwakọta Sarmatic.

## Anụmanụ
Mpaghara ahụ dị mkpa maka mba ụwa maka ichebe nnụnụ. Nozuzu, ụdị iri abụọ na anọ, ndị nọ nokpuru nchebe site na European Union Birds Directive achọtala nime ogige okike, dị ka ugo nwere obere ntụpọ (*Clanga pomarina*). Nihi akụkọ ihe mere eme pụrụ iche nke ókèala ahụ - ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nchụpụ zuru oke site na ọrụ akụ na ụba noge bọmbụ ndị agha Soviet, e mepụtara ebe obibi pụrụ iche na ya. Ọrụ dị nro nke Eurasian beavers (Castor fiber) bụ otu nime isi ihe kpatara nnukwu ọdịiche nke ebe obibi na ụdị dị iche iche nke ogige ahụ ugbu a. 

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Media related to Zvārde Forests Nature Park at Wikimedia Commons
Nhazi osisi

**Nhazi osisi** bụ ọzụzụ injinia na **ụlọ ọrụ osisi** nke gụnyere mmepụta nke ngwaahịa ọhịa, dị ka pulp na akwụkwọ, ihe owuwu, na mmanụ dị elu. Injinia akwụkwọ bụ ngalaba nke nhazi osisi.

Ụdị ngwaahịa osisi ndị bụ isi bụ: osisi a pịrị apị, ogwe osisi, ụrọ osisi, akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ ngwaahịa na ndị ọzọ dị iche iche gụnyere osisi na ndị naehi ụra n'ụgbọ okporo ígwè.

Nkà na ụzụ nhazi ngwaahịa ọhịa enweela ọganihu pụrụ iche na ụfọdụ nime ụdị ndị dị nelu. Enwetala ọganihu na ọnụego mgbake [nkọwa dị mkpa], ogologo oge na nchebe, ojiji ka ukwuu nke NTFPs dị ka ahịhịa ọka dị iche iche na achara, na mmepe nke ngwaahịa ọhụrụ dị ka ogwe osisi. Ọganihu abụghị otu nụdị ojiji niile nke ngwaahịa ọhịa. Ọ bụ ezie na e nwere obere ozi dị na isiokwu nke nnweta teknụzụ, mgbanwe na ihe ọhụrụ maka ngalaba ụlọ ọrụ naemepụta ihe noké ọhịa, o doro anya na mgbasa nke ihe ọhụrụ emetụtala ịkwa osisi karịa mmepụta nke ngwaahịa panel.

Nhazi osisi naemepụta ihe mgbakwunye maka nhazi nke osisi, osisi, cellulose na ihe ndị ọzọ a rụpụtara.

## Hụkwa

* Osisi e ji rụọ
* Ihe e ji osisi mee
* Ala osisi

## Ihe odide
Kọleji Ọhịa Zambia

E guzobere **kọleji** Zambia Forestry (**ZFC**) na 1949 iji nye ọzụzụ teknụzụ na ọrụ ọhịa. Notu afọ ahụ, ọ mepụtara ndị nche ọhịa mbụ.

Nafọ sochirinụ, a zụrụ ndị Forest Rangers. Kemgbe ahụ, kọleji ahụ anọwo naeto eto iji nagide mgbanwe nke ọchịchọ maka ndị ọrụ a zụrụ azụ. Ka ọ naerule 1963, a zụrụ ihe karịrị ndị Forest Rangers 300 (ndị nwere asambodo) na ndị naeche ọhịa nche.

Ọzụzụ maka ndị naelekọta ọhịa (ndị nwere diplọma) malitere na 1963 na ụmụ akwụkwọ itoolu.  Ka ọ naerule ngwụcha afọ 1977, ndị ikom 131 na otu nwanyị naazụ ahịa mechara ọzụzụ ha.  E melitela kọleji ahụ ugbu a na ngwá ọrụ, ihe owuwu na ndị ọrụ.

Gọọmentị naagba mbọ imeziwanye nka na ihe ọmụma teknụzụ e guzobere ụlọ akwụkwọ nke akụrụngwa na Mahadum Copperbelt

Nafọ 1995, School of Natural Resources malitere ịrụ ọrụ dị ka otu nime ụlọ akwụkwọ nke Mahadum Copperbelt iji nye mmemme nzere na Agroforestry, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Forestry, Wildlife Management na, Wood Science and Technology.

Nafọ 1996, e debara aha ụmụ akwụkwọ mbụ maka nzere bachelọ nke sayensị na Forestry naanị. E mechara webata mmemme nzere ndị ọzọ dị ka ndị a; - Sayensị osisi na teknụzụ na 2002, Agrofrestry na 2006, Wildlife Management; Fisheries and Aquaculture na 2009 na Bioenegry Science, Plant and Environmental Sciences yana Sustainable Natural Resource Management na Climate Change na 2016.

Nafọ 2011, e webatara mmemme Post Graduate na ndị a bụ nzere M.Sc. na Natural Resource Management, nzere M. Sc. na mmepụta ọrụ ugbo na-adịgide adịgide na PhD. na Natural resources.

Ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ naenye ọrụ nkuzi, nyocha na ndụmọdụ na ọrụ ugbo, gburugburu ebe obibi na njikwa ihe onwunwe. Ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ naetinye aka na nsogbu nke njikwa gburugburu ebe obibi na mmepe. Ọ sonyere ma naaga nihu naekere òkè na mba na mba ụwa nihe gbasara mgbanwe ihu igwe, nchekwa dị iche iche, ahia carbon, njem gburugburu ebe obibi na njikwa akụ na ụba maka mmepe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.

## Njikọ mpụga

* 

* Copperbelt University School Of Natural Resources
Bruno Oberle

thumb|Bruno Oberle
 

Bruno Oberle bụ ọkà mmụta sayensị Switzerland na sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi.  Na 13 Julaị 2020, a họpụtara ya onye isi oche nke International Union for Conservation of Nature.￼

.A mụrụ Oberle na St. Gallen, Switzerland na 12 October 1955, ma tolite na Locarno na Zürich.  Ọ nwetara ihe ọmụmụ bayoloji na sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi na ETH Zurich wee nweta PhD ya.[1]
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Onye naeme nwanyị di ya nwụrụ (ọhịa)

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Onye di ya nwụrụ na New Mexico
Nọhịa, onye naeme nwanyị di ya nwụrụ ma ọ bụ **onye nzuzu naegbu egbu** bụ **onye** naapụ apụ ma ọ bụ nke gbajiri agbaji ma ọ bụ nelu osisi. Aha ahụ naegosi na ihe ndị dị otú ahụ nwere ike igbu ndị ọrụ ọhịa site na ịdaba na ha, si otú a "naeme ndị inyom di ha nwụrụ" nke ndị nwunye ha. U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration naakọwa ndị naeme nwanyị di ha nwụrụ dị ka "mkpịsị aka gbajiri agbaji nke naanọdụ nenweghị ihe mgbochi nosisi a gaegbu ma ọ bụ nosiri ndị dị nso".

## Ihe Ndị Naakpata ya
Ndị na-eme di ha nwụrụ na-abụkarị site na uto fungal nime oge dị ogologo. Ihe ndị ọzọ naakpata ya gụnyere mmebi sitere na osisi ndị ọzọ na'ada ma ọ bụ nrụgide na alaka.

## Ihe ize ndụ
Ndị naeme di ha nwụrụ nwere ike itinye ngwá ọrụ ma ọ bụ ndị ọrụ naarụ ọrụ nokpuru ma ọ bụ gburugburu osisi ahụ nihe ize ndụ. Ha nwere ike ịpụ site na ifufe ma ọ bụ noge a naegbutu osisi, ọ bụkwa ihe kpatara 11% nke ihe mberede chainsaw niile naegbu egbu. U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) naenye ụzọ iji wepụ ihe ize ndụ site na izere ịrụ ọrụ nokpuru ndị inyom di ha nwụrụ, ịkụtu ha, ma ọ bụ jiri igwe dọrọ ha.  

## Hụkwa

* Snag

## Ihe odide
Oké ọhịa Saddles State

Ọhịa steeti Saddles bụ **oké ọhịa** steeti dị na steeti New York . The Nature Conservancy zụrụ mpaghara ahụ ma resị ya steeti na 2013. Ugwu abụọ ruru mita 1,600 bụ ihe kpatara aha ọhịa ahụ. Oké ọhịa ahụ nwere ihe karịrị mita 2,250 nke ụsọ mmiri Lake Champlain a naemepebeghị emepe. A naemeghe mpaghara ahụ maka ntụrụndụ nafọ niile. Okporo ụzọ gravel a naedozibeghị nke sitere na New York State Route 22 naenye ohere ịbanye nebe a naadọba ụgbọala. Enweghị ụzọ DEC a kara akara, ọ bụ ezie na a pụrụ ịchọta ụzọ ndị a naejighị naka na ụzọ ndị naabụghị nke gọọmentị nime ọhịa ahụ.

A maara falcons peregrine, bald eagles, na wood rattlesnakes ka ha bi nógbè ahụ.

## Ihe odide
Quercus oblongifolia

**Quercus oblongifolia**, nke a maara dị ka **osisi oak na-acha anụnụ anụnụ nke** Mexico, osisi oak nke na-acha odo odo nke Arizona, osisi oik na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ma ọ bụ nnukwu osisi dị n'òtù osisi oak ọcha.

## Nhazi
*Quercus oblongifolia* na-eto n'ala ahịhịa dị elu, canyons na mesas na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ United States (Texas, Arizona na New Mexico) na n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Mexico (Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Sinaloa na Sonora steeti). Osikapa na-acha anụnụ anụnụ nke Mexico nwere njikọ chiri anya na Osikapa Engelman "Quercus engelmannii" na Southern California. Ụdị abụọ ahụ nwere ike ịbụ otu ma nwee ike ijikọta ya dị ka otu ụdị.

## Nkọwa
Osisi oak na-acha anụnụ anụnụ nke Mexico bụ obere osisi na-eto eto na-etolite mita 5-8 (16-27 ụkwụ) n'ogologo na okpueze gbara gburugburu. N'ebe dị elu ọ na-abụkarị nnukwu osisi. Ogwe osisi ahụ ruru sentimita 50 (20 sentimita) n'obosara na ụgbụgbọ osisi ahụ na-acha ntụ ntụ ma nwee ọtụtụ oghere. Alaka ya na-acha odo odo ma ghara inwe ntutu na-acha ọbara ọbara. Akwụkwọ ya dị obere, na-agbanwe agbanwe ma dị ogologo, nwere akụkụ dum, akpụkpọ anụ, na-acha anụnụ anụnụ n'elu na etiti akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ n'okpuru. Okooko osisi na-apụta n'oge opupu ihe ubi n'otu oge ahụ a na-ewepụ akwụkwọ ochie ma na-amalite itolite akwụkwọ ọhụrụ. Okooko osisi ndị nwoke na-emepụta catkins na-acha odo odo na okooko osisi ndị nwanyị na-anọ naanị ha ma ọ bụ abụọ ma na-etolite na axils akwụkwọ. Akpịrịkpa ndị na-acha nchara nchara bụ ovoid ma ọ bụ oblong, ihe dị ka   (3⁄4 in) n'ogologo ma tinye ya na iko dị ka efere, nke dị ka efera ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ogologo nke nut.

## Ebe obibi
Osisi oak na-acha anụnụ anụnụ nke Mexico bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị n'ebe dị elu nke 1,200 ruo 1,800 m (4,000-6,000 ft). A na-ahụkarị ya n'ala ájá dị nro na mpaghara ndị kpọrọ nkụ ma bụrụkwa ụdị kachasị n'ọhịa osisi oak dị ala ebe ọ na-eto na njikọ ya na osisi oak ọcha nke Arizona (*Quercus arizonica*) na osisi oik Emory (*Quercus emoryi*). Ọ bụ ihe dị mkpa nke obodo pinyon-juniper. ebe ọ na-etolite na njikọ ya na ụdị osisi pine na juniper, Arizona rosewood (*Vauquelinia californica*), shrubby buckwheat (*Eriogonum wrightii*), catclaw mimosa (*Mimosa aculeaticarpa*), bullgrass (*[[Muhlenbergia emersleyi]]*), plains lovegrass (*Eragrostis intermedia*), fendlerbush (*Fendlera rupicola*) na wolilfta (*[[Lycurus phleoides]]*).

## Ịkọ ugbo
Osisi oak na-acha anụnụ anụnụ nke Mexico "Quercus oblongifolia" na-ewu ewu na ịma mma ala anọwo na-abawanye na California na ọtụtụ osisi na Apple Park na osisi ndị ọzọ dị na Bay. Uto ngwa ngwa na akwụkwọ ndụ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-eme ka nhọrọ sitere na osisi dị na Arizona bụrụ nke kachasị mma maka ịkọ ugbo. 

## Ihe odide