Calvin Hicks (onye na-ese foto)

Calvin Robert Hicks (1941-2012) bụ onye na-ese foto na onye na-ese foto nke America nke America, nke a kacha mara amara maka ntọala ntọala The Black Photographers of California na oghere ihe ngosi ya, Black Gallery, na Los  Angeles, yana maka mkpa gba ọtɔ ya oge ochie site na 1970s.

## Ndụ mbido
Ebe Calvin Hicks na-egosi na-egwupụta coal na Mount Carbon, West Virginia, na 1941. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na West Virginia site na akwụkwọ mgbe ọ akara akara ugo eji nka na West Virginia State na 1965. 

Mgbe aha akara, Hicks dị ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi nka na Herbert Hoover High School ruo 1968, mgbe ya, egosi ya na ụmụ ha abụọ kwagara Los Angeles, ebe Hicks ọrụ dị ka onye isi nkwụghachi awụ iri anọ. 

## Ọrụ foto
Hicks bụ onye na-ese foto foto ọ nna mbụ ya, nkwado igbe, na ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị, na Los Angeles, ọ ori na-ese foto na agba.  [1] Ọ gara n'ihu na-amụ nkà na Inner City Cultural Centre, Los Angeles Trade-Technical College, na site na 1984 ruo 1986, Ndị Ozi Ọrụ Otis Art

Hicks bụkwa onye so na Bunker Hill Arts League, yana ndị enyi Donald Bernard na Willie Middlebrook, na site na 1980-1984 o gosipụtara ọrụ ya n'ebe ahụ.   Yana Bernard na Middlebrook, yana Donald Anton na Andy Garcia, Hicks malitere ọtụtụ oghere gallery na Los Angeles na 1980, gụnyere Visionist Gallery na ọnụ ụlọ gbara ọchịchịrị na oghere studio na Inglewood, California. 

Ọrụ ndị Hicks anakọtara gụnyere foto nka mara mma, ihe ndị sitere n'okike, na ọtụtụ ọrụ na-adịte aka na-egosi oghere ọha na ihe omume na Los Angeles, ọkachasị Venice Beach na mmemme obodo dịka Central Avenue Jazz Festival. 

akwụkwọ Calvin Hicks nwere ihe onyonyo 2,800 ma debe ya na Tom & Ethel Bradley Center na Ọbá akwụkwọ Mahadum dị na Mahadum California State, Northridge .

## Ụlọ ihe nkiri ojii
thumb| The Black Gallery (1984-1998), ebe ngosi ihe ngosi raara nye maka ndị na-ese foto America America, nke dị na 107 Santa Barbara Plaza, Los Angeles, CA.
Na 1984, mgbe ọ ịgbasiri ike ngosi dị ngosi ngosi ndị na-ese ihe ojii, Hicks akwụkwọ ndị na-ese foto ojii nke California, [1] ụlọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ndekọ akwụkwọ maka na-ahụ na ndị na-ese foto foto  America America.  [2] N'ịbụ onye òtù ahụ, Hicks na co-founders Roland Charles, Donald Bernard, na Gil Garner akara Black Gallery na Santa Barbara Plaza, ugbu a Marlton Square .  [3] [4] [5] N'ịkwado site na onyunyo na onyinye, ụlọ ngosi ihe ngosi ahụ ma gbaa ndị na-ese foto ojii ume.  Hicks kwuru na Black Gallery bụ "ngwa mbụ n'ime obodo ojii raara nye foto ojii 

Ezi ihe ngosi ahụ ọrụ dị ka incubator maka ndị na-ese foto ojii, na-enye ogbako na nkesa slide, yana ebe ọrụ na ụlọ maka mmemme ndị ọzọ.  [1] Hicks na ndị ya na ha rụkọrọ ọrụ bụ nke otu ndị na-ese foto ojii na-eto eto na Los Angeles, dị ka ike Dale na Alonzo Davis nke Brockman Gallery, ndị e kwuru na ọ bụ ngozi ihe mbụ egwuregwu.  ìhè na-agba na maka ndị na-ese ojii

Mgbe Black Gallery mechiri na 1998, e nyere ebe nchekwa ya, ihe ọmụmụ 1,500 nke foto Hicks, na Tom & Ethel Bradley Center na Library University na California State University, Northridge  

## Ihe ngosi ahọpụtara
Foto Hicks tinyere n'ọtụtụ ihe ngosi mpaghara na nke mba.

* ***Ndị na-ese foto ise***, ihe ngosi otu na Hicks, Donald Bernard, Ronald Corbin, Gilbert Fernandez na Monticello Miller, nke Bunker Hills Art League kwadoro na Ụlọ Enis Brown na Hollywood, California, na 16 Mee 1983. 
* ***Olympic Pretensions***, otu ihe ngosi na Hicks, Donald Bernard, Valena Dismukes, Gil Garner, Bernadette Gibson, na Willie Middlebrook na Los Angeles Photography Center, August - September 1984. 
* ***Ihe nketa ahụ na-aga n'ihu: Ndị na-ese foto ojii***, na Ụlọ Nzukọ Obodo Bridge na Los Angeles, February 1986. Ọrụ ndị na-ese foto mpaghara Los Angeles gosipụtara Hicks, Jack Davis, James Jeffrey, David Healey, David Leonard Perry, na Harry Adams . 
* ***Roe Anne White, Calvin Hicks: Venice Visuals - Ndị mmadụ na Paradox***, na Black Gallery na Los Angeles, Eprel 1987. 
* ***Ụbọchị n'ime ndụ Black Los Angeles***, ihe ngosi nke foto 120 e mere na Martin Luther King Day na 1988, na Museum of African-American Art na Los Angeles, February 1988, na mgbe e mesịrị na Black Gallery na Los Angeles.   Ihe ngosi ahụ gakwara na Black-Art Gallery, London, England, Julaị 12 - Ọgọst 10, 1990. 
* ***Life in a Day of Black LA***, onye na-ejegharị ejegharị na-egosi akwụkwọ ahụ, nke malitere na UCLA Extension Design Center na Santa Monica, CA na December 6, 1992, wee kwaga California African-American Museum na April, 1993, tupu. na-aga n'ihu na njegharị obodo. 
* ***Gba ọtọ: Omuma & Echiche***, otu ihe ngosi na Black Gallery, Los Angeles, Septemba-October 1989. Ndị na-ese foto gụnyere Hicks, James Jeffrey, Diana Edwardson, Sandra Ramirez, Roland Charles na Willie Middlebrook.  
* ***Foto nke African American Contemporary***, ihe ngosi otu nke Willie Middlebrook chepụtara na Los Angeles Photography Center, 9 Jenụwarị - 25 February 1990. 
* Mmekọrịta mgbasa ozi na onye na-ede uri Saundra Sharp na Barnsdall Park Gallery Theatre na Los Angeles, na 11 Julaị 1991. 
* ***Ndị na-ese foto ojii***, ihe ngosi otu na Mahadum Cal State Fine Arts Gallery na Los Angeles, 1–23 February 1998. Ọrụ ndị Hicks, Darius Anthony, Nathanial Bellamy, Bob Douglas, Ron Wilkins na ndị ọzọ gosipụtara. 
* ***Identity & nkwenye: Post-War African-American Photography***, ihe ngosi na California State University, Northridge, dị ka akụkụ nke Pacific Standard Time: Art in LA, 1945-1980, 23 October 23-10 December 2011.   Ndị na-ese foto pụtara na ihe ngosi ahụ gụnyere Hicks, Roland Charles, Guy Crowder, Jack Davis, Bob Douglas, Joe Flowers, Maxie Floyd, Bob Moore, na Charles Williams. 

## Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ ahọpụtara

*  
*   The cover photograph features one of Calvin Hicks' nudes, *Figure Study #3, 1974*. Other photographs are by Adelle Hodge, Nathaniel Bellamy and Gerald Cyrus.
*    Photographers featured in this book included Cedric Adams, Nathaniel Bellamy, Roland Charles, Don Cropper, Calvin Hicks, James Jeffries, Mike Jones, Rod Lyons, Willie Middlebrook, Akili Casundria Ramsess, and Karen Kennedy.
*  

## Ọnwụ
Hicks Java site na nsogbu nke ọrịa kansa na Mee 20, 2012. Ọ nwụrụ ụbọchị iri na ise ka enyi ibe ya na onye na-ese foto Willie Middlebrook nwụsịrị.  [1] Ntuziaka ikpeazụ nke Hicks bụ maka mpaghara na ndị enyi iji mee ememe ndụ ya na "ụrụ Miles, Monk, Mozart, na otu iko ọmụmụ

## Ntụaka