open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Teagasc

**Teagasc** (nke pụtara "Ntụziaka") bụ ikike

steeti nmba a Republ nke Irelandid nke na-ahụ maka nyocha na mmepe, ọzụzụ na ọrụ ndụmọdụ na ngalaba nri.

Aha gọọmentị nke ahụ bụ Teagasc - Agriculture and Food Development Authority. N'afọ 1988, Teagasc nọchiri An Foras Talúntais / Agricultural Institute (AFT) nke na-ahụ maka nyocha ọrụ ugbo, na An Chomhairle Oiliúna Talmhaíochta / Agricultural Training Council (ACOT) nke na'ahụ maka agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ ndụmọdụ.

## Teagasc kọleji na ebe nyocha
Ọchịchị ahụ nwere ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ndụmọdụ, kọleji na ebe nyocha ebe ọ na-arụ ọrụ ya. Isi ụlọ ọrụ Teagasc dị na Oak Park Estate na Carlow.

### Teagasc kọleji ọrụ ugbo na ubi

* Kọleji Ọrụ Ugbo Clonakilty
* Kildalton Agricultural and Horticultural College
* Ballyhaise Agricultural College
* College of Amenity Horticulture dị na Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, Dublin.
* Teagasc eCollege

### Kọleji ọrụ ugbo na nke ubi

* Gurteen Agricultural College
* Mountbellew Agricultural College
* Warrenstown Horticultural College (mechiri na 2009)
* Pallaskenry Agricultural College

### Ebe nnyocha nri

* Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co Cork. (nri na-arụ ọrụ, mmiri ara ehi, ihe oriri na ihe ọṅụṅụ a haziri ahazi)
* Ashtown Food Research Centre (ihe ọhụrụ na-emepụta ihe oriri, ogo na nchekwa, sayensị anụ, bioactives, nutriceuticals, teknụzụ achịcha, ihe ọhụrụ na-eri nri n'oké osimiri, Horticulture gụnyere nchọpụta osisi na Forestry).

### Ebe nnyocha ọrụ ugbo

* Animal Bioscience Research Centre (ịrụ ọrụ nke mmepụta anụ na mmiri ara ehi dị elu)
* Athenry Production Research Centre (Nmepụta atụrụ, mmepụta anụmanụ, mmiri ara ehi, anụ ehi na mmepụta atụrụ)
* Grange Research Centre (anụ ehi)
* Johnstown Research Centre (ala, gburugburu ebe obibi na ọrụ ugbo)
* Kinsealy Research Centre (nke bụbu horticulture; ebe ọ bụ na emechiri, na ụlọ ọrụ ndị e weghachiri na Ashtown, Dublin 15, na 2012)
* Moorepark Research Centre (mmiri ara ehi na ezì)
* Oak Park Research Centre (ihe ọkụkụ)
* Rural Economy Research Centre (nchọpụta sayensị mmekọrịta na iwu)

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị
* Mountbellew Agricultural College
* T-Stór - Ebe Nlekọta Nweta Nchebe nke Teagasc
Anima Mundi(ihe nkiri)

Mundi (nke a makwaara dị ka Mkpụrụ obi nke Ụwa)[1] bụ ihe nkiri mkpirisi akwụkwọ akụkọ 1991 Italian-American nke Godfrey Reggio duziri.[2] Ihe nkiri a lekwasịrị anya na ụwa nke okike na anụ ọhịa, ọkachasị oke ọhịa, anụ mmiri, na ụmụ ahụhụ.[3]

bụ ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi nke 1991 nke Godfrey Reggio duziri. Ihe nkiri ahụ na-elekwasị anya n'ụwa nke okike na anụ ọhịa, ọkachasị ọhịa, mmiri, na ụmụ ahụhụ.

## Mmepụta
Ndị ọchụnta ego Italy bụ Bulgari nyere ihe nkiri a ka ọ were World Wide Fund for Nature na mmemme Diversity Diversity ha.

## Egwú
Philip Glass gbara ihe nkiri ahụ, onye ya na Reggio rụkọrọ ọrụ na Koyaanisqatsi (1983), Powaqqatsi (1988), na, emesịa, na Naqoyqatsi (2002). Anima Mundi na-egosipụta ọtụtụ usoro sitere na trilogy Qatsi, mana anaghị ele ya anya na ọ metụtara usoro ahụ kpọmkwem.

## Mgbasa ozi ụlọ
E weputara mkpụmkpụ ahụ na mkpokọta Criterion n'akụkụ ihe atọ Qatsi na Disemba 11, 2012.

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
* Ebe mbido
* Ihe e wepụtara
PEPPADEP

Atụmatụ a kpọrọ **Program to Eradicate African Swine Fever and to Develop Pig Raising** (French: Programme pour l'éradication de la peste porcine africaine et pour le développement de l'élevage porcin, **PEPPADEP**) bụ ọrụ mmepe nke mere na Haiti n'afọ ndị 1980. Ọ malitere na 1981 site na Food and Agriculture Organization nke United Nations; Instituto Interamericano de Ciencias Agrícolas (IICA), alaka nke Organization of American States; International Development Bank; gọọmentị Mexico, Canada, United States; na gọọmentị Haiti iji "wepụ mmetụta na-emebi emebi nke African swine fever (ASF) na Haiti ma malite mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ ezì na-amị.

Ọrịa ezì nke Afrịka bụ ọrịa na-efe efe na nke na-egbu egbu nke ezì, nke na-ebibi ọnụ ọgụgụ ezì n'ihi na ọ dịghị ọgwụ mgbochi ma ọ bụ ọgwụgwọ. Mgbe ASF pụtara na mbụ na Dominican Republic, gọọmentị Haiti nyere iwu ka e kpochapụ ezì Haiti niile dị n'ókèala n'ime radius nke kilomita 15. E gburu ezì 100,000. Ndị ọrụ ugbo enwetaghị ụgwọ maka mfu ha tara ahụhụ na usoro mgbochi ahụ emeghị ka ọrịa ahụ ghara ịgbasa. Na ngwụcha afọ 1978, ASF gbasara na Haiti. Ndị agbata obi dị n'ebe ugwu Haiti ji egwu na-ele mgbasa ahụ. Nnyocha gosiri na ọ bụrụ na ọrịa ezì Africa abịa na United States ọ nwere ike imebi $ 150 nde ruo $ 5 ijeri. Egwu a mere ka gọọmentị America, Canada, na Mexico, site na IICA, tinye atụmatụ mkpochapụ nke Swine Fever na gọọmentị Haiti. Atụmatụ a, PEPPADEP, dị mfe: gbuo ezì niile dị na Haiti ma weghachite ezì ndị si mba ọzọ - ma ọ bụ site na United States, Canada, ma ọ bụ Mexico.

ASF bụ ọrịa nje na-efe efe nke na-emetụta ezì ụlọ, warthogs na ezì ọhịa, yana akọrọ dị nro. Nje a na-akpata ọrịa na-egbu egbu n'ime ezì ụlọ; ụfọdụ ụdị nwere ike ịkpata ọnwụ nke ụmụ anụmanụ n'ime obere izu mgbe ọ butere ọrịa. E dekọrọ ọrịa ahụ na Kenya na 1921 ma chọta ya n'ọtụtụ mba ndị dị na mpaghara Sahara nke Africa. Ọ gbasara na ndịda Europe na 1957 na Caribbean na 1970s. ASF si Europe ma ọ bụ Africa gaa Dominican Republic, ma gbasaa na Haiti.

Mgbalị mkpochapụ a fọrọ nke nta ka ọ zuo oke mgbe a chọpụtara na ọnụ ọgụgụ ezì na-efe efe dị n'ime ime obodo.  Ndị South-East Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study (SCWDS) rụkọrọ ọrụ na USDA iji chọpụta na ikpochapụ ọnụ ọgụgụ ezì feral bụ ndị bu nje ASF na Haiti.  Achọpụtara ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ na otu ndị nọ n'ebe ugwu Gonaives nwalere ihe dị mma maka nje a.  SCWDS depụtara iji nkịta ịchụ nta ndị America na Haiti belata ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ.  Onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị na-ahụ maka anụ ọhịa na onye na-achụ anụ anụ ọhịa Mark W. Hall na-edu mgbalị maka SCWDS ya na onye na-ahụ maka anụ ọhịa Matthew Knox.  E wepụrụ ọtụtụ ezì na-efe efe na mpaghara Jacmel, Gonaives, Petit-Trou-de-Nippes, na Cap-Haitien.  Ụlọ Nzukọ na Knox tụlere otu anụ nwụrụ anwụ nke a maara dị ka "Voodoo Hog" nke otu ndị Haiti ji egbe ji mma gbuo n'ubi okpete n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Cap-Haitien, na ọkà mmụta ihe ndị dị ndụ bụ Peter K. Swiderek kpuchiri nchọpụta ọrịa ezì feral maka SCWDS.  .

Onye isi ala Jean-Claude Duvalier kwupụtara na e kpochapụrụ ọrịa ahụ na mba ahụ na Eprel 28, 1982, ma mechie mmemme PEPPADEP n'afọ sochirinụ. Ihe dị ka ezì 384,000 mechara bụrụ ndị e gburu na ọnụ ahịa nke ihe dị ka $ 9.5 nde.

## Edensibia
Na Edge nke Ụwa (ihe nkiri 2008)

Na Edge of the World bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ 2008 nke na-akọwa mbọ nke onye na-akwado ikike anụmanụ Paul Watson na ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo 45 ndị ​​ọzọ, bụ ndị rutere n'ụgbọ mmiri abụọ na-azụ anụ ọhịa iji gbochie ụgbọ mmiri ndị Japan na-agba mmiri na mmiri gburugburu Antarctica. Ihe nkiri a meriri ihe nkiri gburugburu ebe obibi kacha mma na Vancouver International Film Festival. Onye isi na onye mmepụta Dan Stone ga-emecha mepụta oge mbụ nke Whale Wars. Ọ na-egosi ihe mere n'ezie n'oge njem nlegharị anya a, nwere obere ihe nkiri mara mma, obere akụkọ akụkọ, ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri, na ndụ n'ime ụgbọ mmiri ahụ.  

## Nkọwa okwu
Ihe nkiri a na-esote ihe omume ndị mere n'oge ọrụ Leviathan na mmalite 2007. RV Farley Mowat, onye isi Paul Watson na onye natara MY Robert Hunter, onye isi Alex Cornelissen na-ezute na Southern Ocean. Ka a na-akụda ha n'akụkụ gaa n'akụkụ, a na-ebufe ihe site na Farley Mowat gaa na Robert Hunter iji wuo ụgbọ elu helikopta ọhụrụ. Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị, Robert Hunter nwere ike ịchọta Nisshin Maru ma tinye ya. N'ime usoro ahụ, otu n'ime obere ụgbọ mmiri nke Onye Ọzụzụ Atụrụ Oké Osimiri nke nwere ndị ikom abụọ nọ n'ụgbọ ahụ furu efu. Ụgbọ mmiri abụọ a na-azụ atụrụ ga-ahapụrịrị Nisshin Maru, nke mechara soro na-achọ ha. N'ikpeazụ mgbe awa 9 gachara, ha nwere ike ịchọta ha ma chekwaa ha. N'ịbụ onye Nisshin Maru tụfuru, Robert Hunter mechara chọta Kaiko Maru, ụgbọ mmiri na-ahụ maka ụgbọ mmiri ndị Japan. Ha na-etinye aka n'ụgbọ mmiri na mgbe ha na-eme njem site na mpaghara ice na-adaba na ibe ha, na-emebi ụgbọ mmiri abụọ ahụ. Ka Farley Mowat na-abịaru nso, ụgbọ mmiri Japan na-akpọ Mayday, na-akwụsị ndị ọzụzụ atụrụ n'oké osimiri site na itinyekwu aka. Ka ihe nkiri ahụ na-agwụ, anyị chọpụtara na ọkụ gbara na Nisshin Maru, na-egbu otu onye ọrụ ma kwụsị oge whaling n'oge n'ihi mmebi nke ụgbọ mmiri ahụ.

## Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri

* Paul Watson dị ka onwe ya
* Alex Cornelissen dị ka onwe ya

## Nnakwere
Onye nyocha Globe na Mail Fiona Morrow kpọrọ akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ, "akụkọ ifo nke dinta na ịchụ nta: Moby-Dick maka afọ gburugburu."

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Official website
* 
* At the Edge of the World at AllMovie
Nzukọ Nri Ụwa

**Nzukọ Nri Ụwa** nke mbụ e mere na Rome na 1974 (5-16 Nọvemba) site na United Nations n'okpuru nkwado nke UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), n'ihi oke ụnwụ nri na Bangladesh n'ime afọ abụọ gara aga. 

Ikekwe okwu kacha ama ama e kwuru na ọgbakọ ahụ bụ nke U.S.  Odeakwụkwọ nke steeti Henry Kissinger bụ onye mere nkwupụta na n'ime afọ 10 ọ dịghị nwatakịrị ga-ehi ụra agụụ.

Na nkwupụta zuru ụwa ọnụ banyere iwepụ agụụ na nsogbu na-edozi ahụ, gọọmentị ndị gara World Food Conference kwupụtara na "nwoke, nwanyị na nwatakịrị ọ bụla nwere ikike a na-apụghị ịnapụ ya agụụ na nsogbu nri na-edochi ahụ iji zụlite ikike anụ ahụ na nke uche ha".

N'etiti nsonaazụ ndị ọzọ, nzukọ ahụ guzobere World Food Council (nke e mechara gbasaa) ma mee ka World Food Conferences na-esote.
thumb|FAO CERES Otu nde ọlaọcha
thumb|FAO CERES Otu nde ọlaọcha
FAO mere ncheta nzukọ a site na mbipụta nke CERES Medal nke gosipụtara Germaine Tillion.

## Hụkwa

* Ikike inweta nri
* Nzukọ Nri Ụwa

## Edensibia


## Njikọ mpụga

* www.fao.org
Ìgwè Balaton

Balaton Group (The International Network of Resource Information Centers) bụ netwọk zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ndị nchọpụta na ndị na-arụ ọrụ na ngalaba ndị metụtara usoro na nkwado. Aha "Balaton Group" na-ezo aka na mpaghara Lake Balaton nke Hungary, ebe e guzobere otu ahụ na mbụ, na ebe ọtụtụ nzukọ kwa afọ nke otu ahụ na-ewere ọnọdụ. Balaton Group na-ezube ime ka nghọta zuru ụwa ọnụ banyere usoro, echiche ogologo oge na mkpebi iji nweta mgbanwe dị mma. Òtù ahụ kwenyere na ihe ndị a bụ isi maka mmepe na-adịgide adịgide.

## Mmalite ya
Ọ bụ Dennis Meadows na Donella Meadows, bụ ndị a maara nke ọma dị ka ndị na-ede akwụkwọ na Jørgen Randers, na William W. Behrens III nke akwụkwọ 1972 The Limits to Growth (nke Club of Rome nyere iwu), guzobere Balaton Group na 1982.
Nzukọ mbụ nke Balaton Group bụ nke Lake Balaton mere na Hungary n'afọ 1982. Ọ kpọkọtara ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ndị njikwa 30 sitere na ụlọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ mba ụwa, dị ka Mahadum United Nations, UNESCO, International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis, na International Federation of Institutes for Advance Study, iji nyochaa ọnọdụ nke nka nke ihe okike na ịchọpụta ụzọ isi kwalite echiche na omume nke njikwa akụ mpaghara. Kemgbe nzukọ mbụ ya, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị sonyere 400 sitere na mba 40 esonyewo na otu ahụ. Ndị otu Balaton Group bụ naanị site na ịkpọ òkù ma bụrụ ndị a kpọrọ ka ha gaa ma ọ dịkarịa ala otu nzukọ kwa afọ. Nzukọ kwa afọ ahụ, n'aka nke ya, bụ naanị ihe dị ka mmadụ 50.
Ego na-abịa site na ndị otu n'onwe ha, onyinye na enyemaka site na ntọala na ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị. Ndị otu Balaton enweghị ndị ọrụ oge niile ma ọ bụ ohere ọfịs, ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo na-ahazi otu ahụ. E debanyere aha otu ahụ na US, mana ọtụtụ n'ime ndị otu ya na ọrụ ya nọ na Europe na Eshia.

## Nsonaazụ ya
Ọtụtụ echiche na ọrụ nkwado sitere na usoro nzukọ Balaton Group, gụnyere dịka ọmụmaatụ arụmọrụ ike na mmemme iwu ike ifufe na Denmark na 1980s; mmepe na mgbasa nke ngalaba na-apụta na-egosi nkwado na 1990s; na nguzobe ma ọ bụ mgbasawanye nke ọtụtụ NGO na ebe ọzụzụ maka nkwado na 1990es. Ndị otu Balaton Group emepụtala ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ndị a maara dị ka "Reports to the Balaton Group". Otu n'ime akụkọ ndị a bụ Donella H. Meadows Indicators and Information Systems for Sustainable Development site na 1998.

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Official website
* Olu Balaton, Azụmaahịa na Gburugburu Ebe Obibi, Nzukọ 1993 (Nkwurịta okwu)
Carbon Clear

**Carbon Clear** bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka nkwado. Carbon Clear bụ onye guzobere International Carbon Reduction and Offset Alliance (ICROA).

Carbon Clear bụ nke EcoAct Group nwetara na 2017.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
N'afọ 2005, ọkachamara na-ahụ maka ike na-adịgide adịgide Jamal Gore na onye ọchụnta ego Mark Chadwick mepụtara Carbon Clear. Kemgbe ahụ, ahịa maka ọrụ nchịkwa nkwado etolitela n'ụzọ kwekọrọ na mkpa maka ụlọ ọrụ ndị nwe onwe ha na nke ọha na eze iji belata gas ha na-ekpo ọkụ, na nzaghachi maka iwu mgbanwe ihu igwe ọhụrụ na mkpa maka ime ihe afọ ofufo.

Isi ụlọ ọrụ ahụ dị na London, UK, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-arụkwa ọrụ ugbu a na United States, Spain, France na Turkey. Ọ bụ ENDS Report nabatara ya na 2008 dị ka Quality Offset Provider.

## Ọrụ na ngwaahịa
Carbon Clear na-enye ọrụ nkwado gụnyere njikwa ike, ọrụ carbon footprint, atụmatụ na nhazi ebumnuche na ihe ize ndụ mgbanwe ihu igwe na nyocha ohere. Ọ na-emepe ọrụ nke ya nke carbon offset.

Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-enyekwa ọrụ ndụmọdụ maka òtù ndị ga-agbaso iwu gụnyere UK Government's CRC Energy Efficiency Legislation, Energy Savings Opportunity Scheme, Mandatory Greenhouse Gas Reporting na EU Emissions Trading Scheme.

## Hụkwa

* Enweghị ike itinye aka na carbon
* Mgbanwe ihu igwe
* Mgbanwe nke carbon
* Mkpịsị ụkwụ carbon

## Ihe odide
Ụbọchị Pulses nke Ụwa

thumb|Various legumes.jpg
World Pulses Day bụ **ụbọchị** mba ụwa nke Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) nke  otú United Nations guzobere iji mata mkpa pulses (agwá, lentils, akọrọ, chickpeas, lupins) dị ka nri zuru ụwa ọnụ.

## Banyere
A họpụtara ya na ọnwa Febụwarị 10 kwa afọ kemgbe afọ 2019 site na nnọkọ nke iri asaa na atọ nke Nzukọ Ezumezu nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu na  ọnwa Disemba 20, na afọ 2018. Ebumnuche ụbọchị ahụ bụ ịdọrọ uche gaa na ọrụ na ozi metụtara ngalaba usu n'ụwa niile.

## Ebumnuche
World Pulses Day na-enye ohere iji mee ka a mara banyere uru nri na-edozi ahụ nke   usu dị ka akụkụ nke mmepụta nri na-adịgide adịgide maka nchekwa nri na nri na-eri nri.

A na-ejikọkwa aha gọọmentị na otú ndị United Nations" 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development - usoro zuru oke nke zuru ụwa ọnụ na mgbanwe Sustainable Development Goals nke na-achọ iwusi udo zuru ụwa ọnụ ike.

World Pulses Day na-achọkwa ịnọgide na-enwe ume n'oge ọkwa FAO nke afọ 2016 dị ka Afọ Mba Nile nke Pulses.

## Edensibia
International Society for Industrial Ecology

**International Society for Industrial Ecology** (**ISIE**) bụ òtù ndị ọkachamara mba ụwa na ebumnuche nke ịkwalite mmepe na itinye n'ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
E mere mkpebi ịchọta ISIE na Jenụwarị 2000 na New York Academy of Sciences na nzukọ a raara nye gburugburu ebe obibi nke ndị ọkachamara si n'akụkụ dị iche iche bịara. Òtù ahụ meghere ọnụ ụzọ ya maka ndị otu na Febụwarị 2001.

## Ndị otu
ISIE na-enye ụdị ndị otu dị iche iche nke enwere ike ịzụta na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Wiley-Blackwell. Ndị otu na-enweta ohere maka mbipụta 6 nke Journal of Industrial Ecology nke Wiley-Blackwell bipụtara maka Mahadum Yale, yana nkwụsịtụ maka ịga nzukọ ISIE na nkwụsịtụ na *[[Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Industrial Ecology|akwụkwọ]]* ndị Wiley- Blackwell bipụtara.

E meela nzukọ ISIE na nso nso a na Mahadum Ulsan na South Korea, Melbourne, Australia, Mahadum California, Berkeley, na Stockholm Environmental Institute.

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga
Official website
Unasylva

***Unasylva*** bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ mba ụwa nke a na-ede n'ọtụtụ asụsụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ọhịa na ụlọ ọrụ ọhịa nke Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) bipụtara. N'ịbụ nke e mepụtara na mbipụta Bekee, French na Spanish dị iche iche, Unasylva na-ekpuchi akụkụ niile nke oke ọhịa: amụma na atụmatụ;  nchekwa na njikwa osisi na anụmanụ ndị sitere n'ọhịa;  mmepe obodo na mmekọrịta akụ na ụba, gụnyere nchekwa nri;  ụdị mma;  mmepe ụlọ ọrụ;  ahia mba ofesi;  na nleba anya gburugburu ebe obibi, gụnyere ọrụ nke oke ohia na osisi n'ịkwado ntọala na-adigide maka mmepụta ugbo yana mmetụta mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi na oke ọhịa.  Unasylva na-enye ọtụtụ ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ akụkọ gbasara sayensị na amụma ọhịa - ndị na-eme iwu, ndị na-ahụ maka ọhịa, ndị ọrụ nka, ndị nyocha, ụmụ akwụkwọ, ndị nkuzi.

## Ndepụta
*Unasylva* na-edepụta site na *Abstract Bulletin nke Institute of Paper Chemistry*, *Bibliography* of Agriculture, na Predicasts. H-index ya bụ 15. A na-ekwukwa akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na Scopus, nchekwa data na-enweghị atụ na nke na-edepụta akwụkwọ ndị ọgbọ. Na ntuli aka nke afọ 2007, ndị otu ndị ọkachamara na-ahụ maka ọhịa na Australia debere *Unasylva* na otu 'A' (80-95 percentile) nke akwụkwọ akụkọ niile gbasara ọhịa.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Nke mbụ e bipụtara na 1947, *Unasylva* bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ kachasị ogologo nke FAO. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na-edekọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọrụ FAO na ọhịa. Onye isi nchịkwa nke FAO ọ bụla na onye isi nke ngalaba ọhịa nke FAO, nke mesịrị ghọọ Ngalaba Ọhịa, enyewo aka na *Unasylva*. Ndị dere ihe karịrị 1,000 isiokwu e bipụtara gụnyere ndị isi ala, ndị isi ọrụ ọhịa nke mba, ndị ọrụ ubi na ndị prọfesọ mahadum. E dekọrọ nsonaazụ nke ọtụtụ narị ọrụ mpaghara FAO na ibe ndị a.

Ka ndị otu FAO toro, site na mba 48 - ọtụtụ n'ime ha nọ n'ụwa mepere emepe - ruo 191 (na 2012), otú ahụ ka nkwenye dị n'ime *Unasylva* gbanwere, site na mmepụta osisi na teknụzụ osisi gaa n'echiche nkwado na mmata banyere ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Afọ ole na ole mbụ kwusiri ike enyemaka na Europe na mgbake mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ gasịrị.  Ndị na-ede akwụkwọ n'oge mbụ bụ ndị nwoke Europe na North America kachasị.  Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 1980, nguzozi na-agbanwe ka ụmụ nwanyị na-abanye n'ọhịa nke ọhịa, na ntinye aka sitere na mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe na-anabatawanye nke ọma.  Unasylva nke taa dị iche iche na nke zuru ụwa ọnụ;  mbipụta ọ bụla, ruo n'ókè o kwere mee, nwere ndị edemede, nwoke na nwanyị, sitere na mpaghara ọ bụla nke ụwa na site na ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ na nyocha dị iche iche, ụlọ ọrụ UN ndị ọzọ, òtù ndị na-abụghị ndị gọọmenti na ndị obodo.  N'afọ 2000, FAO bipụtara mkpokọta Unasylva 1947-2000 zuru oke, yana mpịakọta 51 ( mbipụta 203) n'ụdị diski kọmpat..

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ọhịa
* Nzukọ Ndị Na-ahụ Maka Ọhịa Ụwa

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Official website
* Mbipụta French
* Mbipụta Spanish
IMARK

The Information Management Resource Kit (**IMARK**) bụ atụmatụ e-mụta nke dabeere na mmekorita nke Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) nke United Nations na ndị mmekọ mepụtara iji kwado ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu, ụlọ ọrụ na netwọk n'ụwa niile na njikwa ozi na mmepe ọrụ ugbo. IMARK nwere usoro mmụta dị anya na ngwaọrụ na njikwa ozi.

## Banyere IMARK
The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) nke United Nations malitere mmemme e-learning dabeere na mmekorita na 2001 iji kwado njikwa ozi. Ezubere IMARK na ndị ọkachamara ozi na mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe.  Emebere usoro ọmụmụ IMARK ọ bụla site na usoro nyocha ya na ndị ọkachamara gbasara isiokwu, ndị na-ahụ maka ubi na ndị nnọchi anya sitere na ndị na-ege ntị sitere na gburugburu ụwa.  Ebumnuche IMARK bụ nzaghachi maka ịchọ nkwalite ozi na njikwa ihe ọmụma na mbọ iji nweta ebumnuche mmepe nke Millennium Development (MDGs), ọkachasị ndị metụtara agụụ na ọha mmadụ ozi, n'ọnọdụ ijikọ nkewa dijitalụ.  Ebumnuche mmepe nke IMARK bụ imeziwanye ikike nke ndị nwere mmasị na njikwa ozi na ịkekọrịta ihe ọmụma.

### Ihe Ebumnuche na Ogologo
Ebumnuche mmepe nke IMARK bụ imeziwanye ịdị irè nke mmemme na mmepe ọrụ ugbo na nchekwa nri site n'ime ka ndị isi nwere mmasị nweta ozi.

### Kọmitii na-eduzi
IMARK nwere ihe karịrị ndị mmekọ 30 na ụlọ ọrụ na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ kemgbe e bidoro ya na 2001, a na-ahazi ọrụ ya site na kọmitii na-eduzi nke ndị otu ya gụnyere Association for Progressive Communications (APC), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) nke United Nations, Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie (AUF), Commonwealth of Learning (COL), Groupe de Recherches et d'Echanges Technologiques (GRET), Bibliotheca Alexandrina na UNESCO.

## Hụkwa

* Ịmụta n'intaneeti
* Otu Nri na Ọrụ Ugbo nke United Nations (FAO)
* Ụkpụrụ Nchịkwa Ozi Ọrụ Ugbo (AIMS)

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ IMARK nke gọọmentị E debere  Wayback Machine
* Òtù Nri na Ọrụ Ugbo nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu
Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Mmekọrịta Akụnụba Mba Nile

The Organization for International Economic Relations (OiER) (n'asụsụ German: Organisation für Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen) bụ **òtù** na-abụghị nke gọọmentị zuru ụwa ọnụ nke dị na Vienna, Austria. Ọ bụ netwọk nke na-elekwasị anya n'ịmepụta mmekọrịta na ịchọpụta ihe na-eme n'ụwa niile ma na-edozi nsogbu ndị dị mkpa n'ọdịnihu na mpaghara nke nkwado, ihe ọhụrụ, nkwurịta okwu, gburugburu ebe obibi, ike na njem.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
E guzobere OiER na 1947 na Vienna dị ka *Donaueuropäisches Institut* na 1972, gbanwere aha ya ka ọ bụrụ Organization for International Economic Relations. N'ihi ọnọdụ ya dị ka ikpo okwu zuru ụwa ọnụ kemgbe e guzobere ya, e nyela nzukọ ahụ ọnọdụ ndụmọdụ na United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) na 1947 na 1973 na European Council. OiER anọwo na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na ụlọ ọrụ UN na òtù mba ụwa ndị ọzọ kemgbe afọ 1973. N'afọ 2011, OiER natara ọkwa ndụmọdụ na United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO).

## Ebe ndị isi ọrụ
Nzukọ ahụ bụ netwọk zuru ụwa ọnụ nke azụmaahịa, gọọmentị na òtù mba ụwa nke na-eme ka ịnweta ozi gbasara azụmaahịa na mmepe ọrụ, na-elekwasị anya na ego, ịhazi akụ, ahịa atụmatụ na nkwado nkwukọrịta. Site na nnukwu netwọk nke ndị mmekọ mba ụwa, gụnyere ụlọ ọrụ UN, òtù mba ụwa ndị ọzọ, gọọmentị, azụmaahịa, agụmakwụkwọ na nyocha, OiER na-elekwasị anya na ọrụ mmepe ụwa.

Mpaghara mmepe OiER na isiokwu ọrụ gụnyere ike, gburugburu ebe obibi, mmepe obodo, obodo ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi, ahụike, akụrụngwa ahụike, nri, azụmahịa ugbo, yana agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ ndị ntorobịa.

Ọrụ ndị OiER na-arụ na mmekorita ya na ndị mmekọ mba ụwa, na-agbaso ihe mgbaru ọsọ mmepe na-adịgide adịgide nke United Nations 2030, iji jikọta na mgbalị zuru ụwa ọnụ na-arụ ọrụ iji mezuo ihe mgbaru ndụ mmepe na'adịgide adị ndụ ruo 2030.

## Imekọ Ihe Ọnụ
OiER na njikọ chiri anya na United Nations International Development Organization (UNIDO), United Nations Economic Council for Europe (UNECE), UN-Habitat, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultur Organization (UNESCO), International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) - PACT Programme; OPEC Fund for International Development (OFID), yana òtù mba na mba ndị ọzọ.

## Ihe odide

* Ebe Ndebe Ihe Ochie

## Njikọ mpụga

* Official website
* Global smart cities mmemme United Smart Cities
* OiER CSR Quick Impact Fund Team4Action
Richard Sandbrook

**John Richard Sandbrook** OBE (13 August 1946 - 11 December 2005) bụ onye nduzi nke International Institute for Environment and Development site na 1976 ruo 1980.

A mụrụ Sandbrook na Bath, nwa nwoke nke onye ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Dauntsey's School na Mahadum nke East Anglia . Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Union of UEA Students na 1967/8. Ruo afọ ise ọ bụ onye na-ahụ maka ego na Arthur Andersen.

Ọ bụ onye guzobere Friends of the Earth UK, ma jee ozi dị ka onye isi nchịkwa site na 1974 ruo 1976. E nyere ya OBE na 1990 New Year Honours. Ọ bụ onye nduzi na-abụghị onye isi nke Eden Project na Cornwall, na-egosi biomes na ubi, site na 1999 ruo 2003.

Ọ lụrụ Mary Wray na 1970; ha nwere ụmụ nwoke abụọ.

Sandbrook nwụrụ n'ọrịa kansa mgbe ọ dị afọ 59.

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Richard Sandbrook Trust
* Banyere Richard Sandbrook, Richard Sandbroak Trust
Nuru Energy

**Nuru Energy** bụ ụlọ ọrụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze nke mba ụwa nke na-arụ ọrụ iji dozie nsogbu zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ịda ogbenye na mgbanwe ihu igwe na Africa na India. Nke a bụ site na nkesa nke oriọna LED dị ọnụ ala nke a na-agbanye ọkụ site na iji generator dị mfe iji mee ihe nke na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma karịa nke anyanwụ ugbu a.

Ụdị azụmaahịa nke Nuru Energy na-eji usoro nkesa pụrụ iche ere ngwaahịa ya n'ụzọ na-apụtaghị ìhè nye ndị ahịa ime obodo site na ndị ọchụnta ego micro-franchise bụ ndị ụlọ ọrụ ahụ kwadebere ma zụọ ma kwado site na Kiva.

## Ihe E lekwasịrị anya
Nuru Energy na-ezube iwepụ iji ọkụ kerosene eme ihe n'Africa site n'inye ọkụ LED na ala nke ahịa pyramid nke na-enweghị ike ịkwụ ụgwọ ọzọ na-enye ọkụ anyanwụ n'ihi ọnụ ahịa ha dị elu. Mgbanwe a site na iji kerosene mee ihe ga-eduga na mbelata nke ikuku carbon zuru ụwa ọnụ na-eduga n'inweta ego carbon.

Ọrụ mmepe dị ọcha a mere ka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na Bank of America Merrill Lynch na-arụkọ ọrụ na 2011, na nkwekọrịta nke ga-ahụ ka ụlọ akụ itinye ego zụta ego carbon site na Nuru Energy maka oge afọ 10.

## Hụkwa
 

* Ike na-agbanwe agbanwe na mba ndị na-emepe emepe
* Ike UN
* Akụkọ Mmetụta
* Ụlọ Akụ̀ nke America Merrill Lynch
* Kiva

## Ihe odide
International Sustainability Standards Board

thumb|Actividad en ISSB 2.jpg
**International Sustainability Standards Board** (**ISSB**) bụ òtù na-esetịpụ ụkpụrụ nke e guzobere na 2021-2022 n'okpuru IFRS Foundation, nke ọrụ ya bụ ịmepụta na mmepe nke ụkpụrụ akụkọ ego metụtara nkwado iji gboo mkpa ndị na-etinye ego maka akụkọ nkwado.

## Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga
Na ụkpụrụ, nkwupụta metụtara nkwado abụwo mgbe niile ma ọ dịkarịa ala akụkụ nke akụkọ ego, nyere ihe ize ndụ ego metụtara ihe gbasara nkwado. Otú ọ dị, n'omume, ọ bụghị mgbe niile ka ha bụ ihe kachasị mkpa nke ndị na-ahụ maka ndekọ ego na akụkọ ego. Site na mmata na-arịwanye elu banyere ihe ịma aka na-adịgide adịgide na ọkachasị mgbanwe ihu igwe, a na-amata mkpa maka usoro a kapịrị ọnụ maka nkwupụta metụtara nkwado ma n'etiti ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi ma n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ego. 

### CDSB, IIRC, SASB, VRF
E guzobere Climate Disclosure Standards Board (CDSB) na 2007 na London dị ka akụkụ nke Carbon Disclosure Project nke malitere na 2002. E guzobere kọmitii akụkọ mba ụwa (IIRC) na London n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2010 site na ntinye aka nke ọtụtụ ndị metụtara gụnyere Global Reporting Initiative, International Accounting Standards Board, US Financial Accounting Standars Board, International Organization of Securities Commissions, na International Federation of Accountants. N'ụzọ dị iche, e mepụtara Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) na 2011 na San Francisco n'ihe gbasara nkwupụta nchekwa US. Na June 2021, IIRC na SASB kwupụtara njikọ ha iji guzobe Value Reporting Foundation (VRF).

## Okike na mmalite mmalite
A mara ọkwa okike nke ISSB na 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26) na Glasgow na Nọvemba 2021. N'otu oge ahụ, IFRS Foundation kwupụtara na ọ ga-ejikọta VRF na CDSB na ISSB na June 2022. Ntọala IFRS mara ọkwa nhọpụta Emmanuel Faber dị ka onye isi oche ISSB na Disemba 2021, na nke Sue Lloyd dị ka osote onye isi oche nke ISSB n'ọnwa Jenụwarị 2022. Na ngwụcha Machị 2022, ISSB bipụtara atụmatụ abụọ mbụ ya, n'otu n'otu na ihu igwe na nkwupụta ego metụtara nkwado. 

Na mgbakwunye na ndị otu IIRC na SASB nke dị na London na San Francisco, ISSB na-emepe ihe onwunwe ndị ọrụ na Frankfurt, ebe oche na osote oche ya dị, na Montreal. Na June 2023, ọ meghere ọfịs ọzọ na Beijing.

## Ụkpụrụ
Ụkpụrụ ISSB ga-abụ akụkụ nke nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) ma bụrụ nke a maara dị ka IFRS-S ("S" maka nkwado) iji mee ka ha dị iche na ụkpụrụ ndekọ ego nke nwanne ISSB, International Accounting Standards Board nyere.

## Hụkwa

* Ndị Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Nkwupụta Ego Na-emetụta Ihu igwe
* Ụkpụrụ nkwado na asambodo

## Ihe odide
Save Democracy Group Africa

**Save Democracy Group Africa** (SDGA), bụ òtù na-abụghị nke gọọmentị (NGO) nke ndị isi ala gara aga n'Africa, na-achọ iwebata ndị isi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Africa gara aga na nke ugbu a iji mee ka ịdị n'otu na mgbanwe nke ike dị mma.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
E guzobere otu ahụ na Naijiria n'afọ 2008 iji hụ na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya dị ndụ n'Africa ma mepụta omenala onye ndu na mba ahụ.

**SDGA** na-enyere aka ịgbasa ókèala nke itinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, iji mepụta ma gbanwee echiche nke ga-emegharị ọchịchị ma mee ka ezi ọchịchị sie ike ma mee ka mkparịta ụka na-aga n'ihu n'etiti ndị isi na ndọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nkewa okpukpe nke Afrịka.

## Onyinye
Ihe nrite Nelson Mandela Leadership bụ ihe nrite nke otu ahụ haziri iji sọpụrụ ndị isi ala gara aga ma ọ bụ onye nọ n'ọfịs ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'Africa dị ka Olusegun Obasanjo, Goodluck Jonathan, Jonathan Zwingina, Senator Ben Obi, Umaru Tanko Al-Makura, Mohammed Abdullahi Abubakar, Joseph Boakai wdg. onye na-ahụ na nkwanye ùgwù maka oge iwu kwadoro mgbe ọ na-eduzi na kọntinent Afrịka.

Mmetụta nke onyinye ahụ bụ ịgba ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nọ na kọntinent ahụ ume ịgbanwe echiche na nghọta ha banyere idu ndú, ịkwalite ụkpụrụ nke udo na mgbaghara, ọchịchị dị mma na nke doro anya yana nkwanye ùgwù maka oke iwu.

## Ihe odide
Na-akwado Africa anyị

**Na-akwado Afrịka anyị** bụ òtù nkwado ọha na eze nke dị n'Afrịka na nzukọ na-elekwasị anya n'ịbawanye mmata, na-eme ka ọ dị mfe ma na-akwalite nghọta mmepe na-adịgide adịgide n'Afríku.  Ebumnuche bụ isi nke nzukọ ahụ bụ ije ozi dị ka nnọkọ maka arụmụka, mkparịta ụka na mgbasa nke okwu ndị metụtara mmepe na-adịgide adịgide n'ọnọdụ Afrịka.  Nkwado Afrịka anyị na-akwado nzukọ nkwekọrịta kwa afọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba ma na-agba ọsọ usoro mgbasa ozi iji mee ka mkparịta ụka dị mfe, gbasaa ozi, ma mee ka mgbanwe dị.

 

## Ihe odide
UNESCO-CHIC BIRUP

UNESCO-CHIC Group (China) Biosphere Rural and Urbanization Programme (UNESCO-CHIC BIRUP) edepụtara dị ka mmemme ngosipụta ụwa nke UNESCO.

Ebumnuche BIRUP bụ ime ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti ime obodo na obodo ukwu dị iche iche dị mkpirikpi site na ịkọwa mmekọrịta ahụ na imezu mmepe na-adịgide adịgide nke akụ na ụba obodo na ime obodo, ọha mmadụ, gburugburu ebe obibi, ọdịbendị, na agụmakwụkwọ. BIRUP na-eji ahịa dị ka onye nduzi na agụmakwụkwọ dị elu nke ọrụ ugbo na mmepe sayensị dị ka injin iji kwalite njikọ ụlọ ọrụ iji kwado mmepụta, gburugburu ebe obibi, na ndụ. Ihe omume ahụ na-achọ itinye n'ọrụ echiche ọhụrụ iji jikọta mmepe obodo na ime obodo a maara dị ka 'obodo dị n'ime ime obodo, ime obodo n'ime obodo'. BIRUP na-anwa idozi nsogbu ime obodo atọ nke China site na mmalite.

## Ihe odide
Njikọ Ụwa Maka Nkà na Ụzụ Dị Ọcha

thumb|André Borschberg na Bertrand Piccard mepụtara World Alliance for Clean Technologies mgbe ha nwetasịrị ụgbọ elu anyanwụ mbụ gbara ụwa gburugburu na Solar Impulse ''2''.
World Alliance for Efficient Solutions bụ òtù na-abụghị nke gọọmentị na-akwalite ike na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na teknụzụ na-adịgide adịgide.

André Borschberg na Bertrand Piccard mara ọkwa nzukọ ahụ na 26 Julaị 2016 mgbe ha mechara njem ha gburugburu ụwa na ụgbọ elu Solar Impulse (nke a na-akpọ International Committee of Clean Technologies). E gosipụtara mmalite ya na Nọvemba 2017.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
N'oge ụgbọ elu ikpeazụ nke njem ha gburugburu ụwa, Borschberg na Piccard kwupụtara okike nke World Alliance for Clean Technologies (nke e mechara kpọwa World Alliance for Efficient Solutions). Ebumnuche nke nzukọ a na-abụghị nke gọọmentị bụ ịkwalite ike na teknụzụ na-adịgide adịgide site n'ịchịkọta ụlọ ọrụ maka uru na-emepụta ihe ngwọta na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ.

E bidoro World Alliance na Nọvemba 2017. Piccard kwuru na ya na nzukọ ya, Solar Impulse Foundation, guzobere World Alliance iji nyere aka dọta uche ndị na-etinye ego na azụmaahịa ọhụrụ. Piccard anaghị enweta ụgwọ ọrụ maka idu ndú ya nke njikọ ahụ, nke ndị na-enye onyinye gụnyere Air Liquide, Nestle na Solvay na-akwado.

N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2017 na COP23, Piccard nyere World Alliance ọrụ ịchọpụta 1,000 ngwọta teknụzụ nke bara uru ma dị mma maka mbara ala, na ebumnuche nke iwebata ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na ndị na-emepụta ihe. O kwuru na 2018 *Smithsonian* edemede na teknụzụ mepụtara maka ụgbọ elu na-eji anyanwụ eme ihe n'ụzọ ọhụrụ, gụnyere ndị na-eme ka elu ụlọ ọhụrụ dabere na injin ụgbọ elu na friji na-eji mkpuchi ụgbọelu.

Mgbe ọ na-agwa ndị isi gọọmentị okwu, Piccard kwuru na a gwara ya mgbe niile na ha chọrọ ichebe gburugburu ebe obibi mana ọ dị oke ọnụ. Iji nye mmesi obi ike, na Mee 2018 Piccard na Solar Impulse Foundation kwupụtara Efficient Solutions Label, asambodo na-agụnye nyocha siri ike nke Ernst na Young site n'aka ndị ọkachamara nwere onwe ha iji nyochaa ogo na ikike nke ngwọta ọ bụla iji nweta uru. Dị ka Piccard si kwuo, ihe ngwọta ọ bụla a na-akpọ Solar Impulse ga-abụrịrị nke kachasị mma na klas ya: nke kachasị mma maka gburugburu ebe obibi yana nke nwere ike ịzụta taa.

N'afọ 2021 n'ajụjụ ọnụ *Reuters*, Piccard kwuru na nzukọ ya chịkọtara ngwọta 910 a nyochara ma kpọọ aha ma na-atụ anya iru 1000 n'etiti ọnwa Eprel 2021. Piccard gwara *Reuters* na ọ na-eme atụmatụ iso ụlọ ọrụ na gọọmentị kwurịta ihe ngwọta, ọkachasị ndị na-akwado ịkwụ ụgwọ maka mgbake akụ na ụba ụwa site na COVID-19.

## Nhazi
N'oge njem ha gburugburu ụwa, Borschberg na Piccard kpọkọtara ihe dị ka narị anọ na-akwalite ike ọhụrụ. Ka ọ na-erule June 2017, ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ mba dị iche iche bụ ndị otu Alliance, nke Solvay, onye mmekọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Solar Impulse, Air Liquide na Engie.

## Hụkwa

* Kansụl Mba Nile Maka Njem Dị Ọcha

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị
* Ihe ọhụrụ sayensị maka ọdịnihu na-adịgide adịgide: Solar Impulse Foundation's World Alliance for Efficient Solutions
Nkwekọrịta Nlekọta Nri

Nkwekọrịta Enyemaka Nri bụ **nkwekọrịta** mba ụwa metụtara enyemaka nri. A nabatara ya na 25 Eprel na afọ 2012 na obodo London. Nkwekọrịta ahụ na-ezube "ịkwado nri na mkpa nri na-edozi ahụ nke ndị kasị nọrọ n'ihe ize ndụ" ma na-agụnye usoro maka ịkekọrịta ozi na ndebanye aha nke nkwa ndị e mere maka enyemaka dị otú ahụ. Nkwekọrịta ahụ malitere na 1 Jenụwarị na afọ 2013.

## Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga
Nkwekọrịta ahụ bụ nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta nri, dịka nke afọ 2012 bụ naanị nkwekọrịta mba ụwa na-ejikọta iwu maka enyemaka nri. Otú ọ dị, Nkwekọrịta Enyemaka Nri na-elekwasị anya na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke ihe oriri (nke egosiri na tọn ọka wit), ebe Nkwekọta Enyemaka Nlekọta Nri na'ozuzu ya ma hapụ ya n'aka ndị otu na mgbakọ ahụ iji kwupụta nkwa na nha ọka wit ma ọ bụ n'okwu ego.

## Mkparịta ụka
Mkparịta ụka ahụ emeela n'ime usoro nke ndị sonyere ugbu a na nkwekọrịta enyemaka nri, a na-akatọkwa na a hapụrụ mba ndị na-anata ya na ọha mmadụ.

## Ịbịanye aka na itinye aka n'ọrụ
Emere mgbakọ ahụ maka ịbịanye aka na 11 Jụụn ruo 31 Disemba na afọ 2012 maka steeti iri atọ na ano ya na European Union. Site na afọ 2013, e meghere ya ka steeti niile na "ókèala omenala" ndị na-abịaghị na nkwekọrịta ahụ. Nkwekọrịta ahụ malitere na 1 Jenụwarị na afọ 2013, ebe ọ bụ na ọ dịkarịa ala ndị bịanyere aka na ya kwadoro ya n'oge ahụ. Ka ọ na-erule ọnwa Septemba na afọ 2018, obodo  Australia, Austria, Canada, Denmark, European Union, Finland, France, Japan, Luxembourg, State of Palestine, Russia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, na United States aghọwo ndị sonyere na nkwekọrịta ahụ. Steeti ndị bịanyere aka ma ha anabataghị bụ Bulgaria, Germany, na obodo Portugal.

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga
 

* Ihe odide nkwekọrịta na nkwado (Nchịkọta nkwekọrịta Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu)
Òtù Nzukọ Mba Igbo nke Ụwa

World Igbo Summit Group bụ **òtù** nche anwụ nke na-eweta ndị Igbo niile ma ọ dị mkpa dị ka ndị India nke Biafra, Ohanaeze Ndigbo, World Igbo Congress, Igbo Leadership Development Foundation na gụnyere ndị nwere ọfịs ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ugbu a / gara aga, ndị eze eze eze, ndị ọkachamara, ndị ọchụnta ego, ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe, ndị na ndị ọkachamara ndị ọzọ na-ahụ maka iwepụta Igbo bi n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke ụwa iji kwalite uto na ịdị n'otu nke steeti ise ahụ gụnyere Imo State, Anambra, steeti Enugu, steeti Ebonyi, na steeti Abia.

E guzobere otu ahụ na 2006 na Ifedi Okwenna dị ka onye isi nchịkwa na nzukọ atụmatụ a na-eme kwa afọ iji mee ka ndị isi igbo niile nọ n'ime na n'èzí mba ahụ jikọọ ọnụ iji kwalite ịdị n'otu na atụmatụ ọhụụ afọ 50 ha maka 2066.

## Esemokwu
N'afọ 2018, ndị obodo Biafra yiri egwu na a gaghị eme nzukọ ahụ na-ekwusi ike na otu ahụ agaghị anabata ihe ọ bụla ọzọ karịa ntuli aka maka ọmụmụ nke Republic of Biafra.

Òtù World Igbo Summit Group akpọọla ka a kwụsị esemokwu na esemokwu niile dị na Ohanaeze Ndigbo ma rịọ ndị niile merụrụ ahụ ka ha gbakọta ọnụ maka ọdịmma ka ukwuu nke ndị Igbo.

## Atụmatụ Ọhụụ
N'afọ 2016, World Igbo Summit Group nabatara mkpebi maka mmejuputa ngwa ngwa nke atụmatụ ọhụụ afọ 50. Ìgwè ahụ mere mkpebi ahụ na nzukọ nke otu ahụ e mere na Mahadum Gregory, Uturu na Abia Steeti.

Mkpebi ahụ na-akọwa atụmatụ atụmatụ dị mkpirikpi, nke etiti na nke ogologo oge iji "dozie mmepe nke Igboland" ma kwalite ọdịmma nke ndị mmadụ. Ọ na-agbasi mbọ ike ime ka ndị ọchụnta ego Igbo na ndị na-etinye ego na Naijiria na Diaspora chee echiche ma tinye ego na Igboland.

## Ihe odide

Òtù:Ndị Igbo
Ọrụ Ozi Ụwa Banyere Ike

World Information Service on Energy (WISE) bụ otu na-emegide nuklia nke e guzobere na 1978 ka ọ bụrụ ebe ozi na netwọk maka ụmụ amaala na òtù na-echegbu onwe ha banyere ike nuklia, **ihe** mkpofu radioactive, radiation na nsogbu ike na-adịgide adịgide.  Nzukọ ahụ na-akwado mmejuputa ihe ngwọta dị nchebe, nke na-adịgide adịgide dị ka arụmọrụ ike na, ike na-agbanwe agbanwe.

Kemgbe afọ 2001, WISE nwere njikọ na Nuclear Information and Resource Service (NIRS).

## Ihe odide
Òtù Zeitgeist

thumb|Zeitgeist Movement  logo
Zeitgeist Movement bụ **òtù** na-eme ihe ike nke Peter Joseph guzobere na United States na 2008. Ìgwè ahụ na-akatọ ahịa ahịa, na-akọwa ya dị ka ihe rụrụ arụ na ihe onwunwe na-emebi ihe. Ìgwè ahụ na-ajụ echiche okpukpe akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka ihe na-eduhie eduhie, ma na-anabata gburugburu ebe obibi na nchịkwa sayensị nke ọha mmadụ. 
Shane Cohn nke *VC Reporter* chịkọtara akwụkwọ ikike nke òtù ahụ dị ka: "Nsogbu mmekọrịta anyị kachasị ukwuu bụ nsonaazụ nke usoro akụ na ụba anyị".

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Joseph guzobere Zeitgeist Movement na 2008 obere oge ka ewepụtara *Zeitgeist*: Addendum na ngwụcha afọ 2008, ihe nkiri nke abụọ na usoro ihe nkiri .

Zeitgeist bụ nke mbụ e jikọtara ya na Venus Project. N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2011, mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ìgwè abụọ ahụ kwụsịrị n'ọgụ doro anya, na Joseph na-ekwu, "Na-enweghị [Zeitgeist Movement], [Venus Project] adịghị adị - ọ nweghị ihe ọ bụla ma ọ bụghị echiche ma ọ nweghị usoro dị irè iji mee ka ọ pụta ìhè. "

Ihe ndekọ Zeitgeist mbụ nke bu ụzọ na nzukọ Zeitgeist, nke e si n'ọrụ Eustace Mullins, Lyndon LaRouche, na onye na-elekọta redio Alex Jones gbazite. E si na ihe nkiri Alex Jones nweta ọtụtụ n'ime ihe nkiri ya.

Otu ahụ na-eme ihe omume kwa afọ, Z-Day (ma ọ bụ Zeitgeist Day), "ụlọ nzukọ agụmakwụkwọ" nke emere na Machị. *The New York Times* kọrọ banyere Z-Day nke abụọ e mere na Manhattan Community College na New York na 2009 nke gụnyere nkuzi Peter Joseph na Jacque Fresco. Ihe omume a rere na mmadụ 900 na-akwụ $ 10 onye ọ bụla iji gaa. Ndị na-ahazi ihe omume ahụ kwuru na ihe omume 450 jikọtara ọnụ na mba 70 gburugburu ụwa mere.

## Mmeghachi omume
Otu isiokwu dị na Journal of Contemporary Religion na-akọwa òtù ahụ dị ka ihe atụ nke "mmekọrịta ime mmụọ", njikọ nke mmụọ nke Oge Ọhụrụ na nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta.

Michelle Goldberg nke Tablet *Magazine* kpọrọ òtù ahụ "okpukpe apocalyptic mbụ n'ụwa, nke nwere ndị otu na-eji obi ụtọ, iguzosi ike n'ihe na-agagharị n'usoro nnọkọ ahụ". N'echiche ya, a "na-etinye aka n'ụdị ọchịchị Kọmunist nke ụwa", na ihe ngosi 2007 nke "na-akpaghasị" òtù ahụ "na-agbanye n'ime aka nri, nke na-anọpụ iche, na nke na-emegide ndị Juu na nzuzo".

Alan Feuer nke *The New York Times* kwuru na mmegharị ahụ dị ka "ihe ngosi utopian nke ọhụụ na-enweghị ego na nke kọmputa na-akpali n'ọdịnihu, echiche zuru oke nke mmepeanya, dị ka a ga-asị na Karl Marx na Carl Sagan goro John Lennon site na ụbọchị "echiche" ya iji mee ihe na-erughị imezigharị ihe ndị dị n'okpuru ndụ mbara ala.

## Hụkwa
 

## Ihe odide


## Njikọ mpụga

* Media related to The Zeitgeist Movement at Wikimedia Commons
Ụlọ Ọrụ Mba Nile Na-ahụ Maka Ike Mmiri Mmiri

International Center on Small Hydro Power (ICSHP) bụ **ụlọ ọrụ** na-enweghị uru na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru nkwado nke United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) iji kwalite mmepe nke obere ike mmiri. ICSHP bụkwa isi ụlọ ọrụ nke International Network on Small Hydro Power (INSHP).

## Ọzụzụ
E guzobere ICSHP na 1994 site na United Nations Development Program (UNDP) na United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) na mmekorita ya na Ministry of Water Resources na Chinese Ministry of Commerce. N'ịgbaso nkwado sitere na State Council of the People's Republic of China na 1999 ICSHP ghọrọ ụlọ ọrụ mba ụwa mbụ e guzobere na China. N'afọ sochirinụ, nkwekọrịta gọọmentị etiti China wetara ICSHP kpọmkwem n'okpuru nkwado nke UNIDO. A kọwawo nguzobe ya dị ka 'otu n'ime ihe ndị dị mkpa nke mgbanwe China na ihe nnọchianya nke ọchịchọ SHP ụwa, nke na-egosipụta ọnọdụ mba ụwa nke mmepe SHP nke China'.

## Ọrụ
E guzobere ICSHP 'iji kwalite obere mmepe mmiri n'ụwa niile'. Ọ na-elekwasị anya na mba ndị na-emepe emepe, imekọ ihe ọnụ n'ebe ndịda na ịkwalite obere ike mmiri maka 'mmepe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, akụ na ụba na gburugburu ebe obibi nke ime obodo'. Nzukọ ahụ na-enye ọzụzụ, ndụmọdụ, nyocha na mgbanwe ozi gbasara mmepe na njikwa obere mmiri. Ebumnuche nke ICSHP na-agbaso uche UNIDO na-elekwasị anya n'ịkwalite South-South Co-operation, 'site n'ịgba ume ka ndị ọzọ na-etinye ego n'akụkụ'.

## Akụkọ Mmepe nke Ike Hydro nke Ụwa
N'afọ 2013, ICSHP na UNIDO bipụtara World Small Hydro Power Development Report. Dị ka Li Yong, Director-General nke UNIDO, si kwuo, akụkọ ahụ bụ "nchịkọta mbụ nke obere data mmiri eletrik zuru ụwa ọnụ". Akụkọ ahụ nyochara obere mmepe ike mmiri na mba 149 gafee mpaghara 20 site na ndị edemede 60 dị iche iche. Ọ chọpụtara na mgbe etinye obere ike mmiri na 75 GW, obere ike mmiri nwere ike ịbụ ihe dịka 173 GW. A chọpụtara na ihe karịrị 50% nke obere ike mmiri nwere ike ịdị n'Eshia mana akụkọ ahụ kwuru na "Ọ ga-ekwe omume n'ọdịnihu na enwere ike ịchọpụta obere ike mmiri na kọntinent Afrịka na America". N'afọ 2015, a mara ọkwa na a ga-ebipụta mbipụta nke abụọ, nke e mezigharịrị na 2016.

## Isi ụlọ ọrụ
ICSHP dị na Hangzhou, China na ebe ndị ọzọ na mpaghara Hunan na Gansu na mpaghara ndị ọzọ na India, Nigeria na Colombia

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị nke ICSHP
* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ UNIDO
Ihe nrite Holcim maka Ihe owuwu Na-adịgide Adịgide

Holcim Awards bụ asọmpi mba ụwa nke na-achọ ọrụ na echiche ọhụụ na **ihe** owuwu na-adịgide adịgide - n'agbanyeghị oke. A na-enye ngụkọta nke USD $ 1 nde na ego mmeri na okirikiri afọ abụọ ọ bụla. 
Ndị ruru eru maka ịbanye bụ ọrụ na: ụlọ na ọrụ injinia obodo; ala, imewe obodo na akụrụngwa; na ihe, ngwaahịa na teknụzụ iwu. Holcim Awards bụ nke Holcim Foundation for Sustainable Construction nke dị na Zurich, Switzerland na-eduzi. Enwere ike itinye akwụkwọ naanị n'ịntanetị.

A maara asọmpi ahụ dị ka Holcim Awards site na 2003. Holcim Ltd na Lafarge S.A. rụzuru njikọta ụwa ha wee malite LafargeHolcim na July 2015. A gbanwere aha ntọala ahụ ka ọ bụrụ LafargeHolcim Foundation, asọmpi ahụ ghọkwara Lafarge Holcim Awards. Ozugbo otu ahụ wepụrụ Lafarge na aha ya, Ntọala ahụ nabatakwara aha ọhụrụ ahụ.

## Akụkụ zuru ụwa ọnụ site na asọmpi mpaghara ise
Holcim Awards bụ asọmpi zuru ụwa ọnụ nke a na-enye n'ofe mpaghara ise: North America, Latin America, Middle East Africa, Asia Pacific, na Europe. A na-ekenye ntinye na asọmpi ahụ na mpaghara dabere na ebe ọrụ ahụ dị.

## Holcim Awards isi ụdị
Kemgbe 2023, enwere naanị otu ụdị n'ime asọmpi ahụ: The Holcim Awards bụ isi ụdị asọmpi ahụ meghere maka ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ, ndị na-eme atụmatụ, ndị injinia, na ndị nwe ọrụ na-egosi nzaghachi na-adịgide adịgide na teknụzụ, gburugburu ebe obibi, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ọdịbendị na-emetụ n'ahụ ụlọ na owuwu nke oge a. Ọrụ iri na ise na-enweta Holcim Awards Gold, Silver, ma ọ bụ Bronze awards na mpaghara ise ahụ. Ruo na 6th cycle, a na-emeghe ụdị Ọgbọ Na-esote maka ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị ọkachamara na-eto eto na-erubeghị afọ 30. Ụdị ahụ na-achọ echiche ọhụụ na echiche siri ike gụnyere ụlọ ọrụ imepụta ihe na ọrụ nyocha.

## Ụkpụrụ nyocha
Ndị ọka ikpe nwere onwe ha na-enyocha ntinye aka na ụdị abụọ ahụ, na-eji "ihe mgbaru ọsọ anọ" nke Foundation iji kọwaa ihe owuwu na-adịgide adịgide:

* **Ebe Ndị Na-ebuli Elu**. Ihe owuwu mara mma na nke metụtara ebe na-arụ ọrụ n'otu oge na ọdịbendị obodo
* **Planet dị mma**. Ihe owuwu ndị na-ebelata ojiji nke ihe onwunwe, zere ikuku, na itinye ihe ngwọta iji rụzie gburugburu ebe obibi na iweghachi ụdị dị iche iche
* **Akụ na ụba bara uru**. Atụmatụ ego nke jikọtara mmepụta ọrụ dị mkpirikpi na mmepụta uru ogologo oge
* **Obodo ndị** bara ọgaranya. Ebe obibi ndị na-agụnye na ndị dị ọnụ ala nke na-azụlite ikpe ziri ezi, ahụike na ọdịmma

## Ndị ọka ikpe
Ndị ọka ikpe nwere onwe ha nwere ndị ọkachamara a ma ama site na ihe owuwu, injinia, atụmatụ, na ụlọ ọrụ iwu ihe.

## Ihe nrite
Ngụkọta ego mmeri maka okirikiri ọ bụla nke asọmpi Holcim Awards bụ US $ 1 nde.

## Ọrụ mmeri nke Global Awards
Ebe e si nweta ya:

## Ihe odide

## Ebe e si nweta ya

* 
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* 
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## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Holcim Awards
* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Holcim Foundation
Nzukọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị elu maka mmepe na-adịgide adịgide

thumb|2018 HLPF conference on sustainable development
United Nations High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development (**HLPF**) bụ òtù enyemaka nke United Nations General Assembly na United Nations Economic and Social Council nke na-ahụ maka iwu nzukọ ahụ dum gbasara mmepe na-adịgide adịgide. Ọ na-anabata nkwupụta nkwekọrịta, na-enyocha mkpebi na ọganihu nke 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (ihe mgbaru ọsọ 17 Sustainable Development, SDGs ma ọ bụ Global Goals). Nzukọ ahụ nọchiri Commission on Sustainable Development na 24 Septemba 2013 Nzukọ nke Nzukọ ahụ meghere maka mba niile so na United Nations.

## Ọrụ na ọrụ
Dị ka a na-eme nzukọ ahụ n'okpuru ikike nke ma Kansụl akụ na ụba na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na Nzukọ Ezumezu, òtù ahụ na-akwado ụdị nzukọ abụọ dị iche iche:

* Mgbe ọ nọ n'okpuru nkwado nke Nzukọ Ezumezu: Otu ugboro n'ime afọ anọ ọ bụla na ọkwa nke ndị isi steeti na gọọmentị maka ụbọchị abụọ.
* Mgbe ọ nọ n'okpuru nkwado nke Economic and Social Council: Kwa afọ, maka ụbọchị asatọ, gụnyere akụkụ ozi ụbọchị atọ.

E guzobere HLPF na ebumnuche nke iwusi ọchịchị mmepe na-adịgide adịgide ike na United Nations. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ iji mezuo nke a site na ikike ya, nke na-ekwu ihe ndị a gbasara mmepe na-adịgide adịgide:

Mkpebi A/RES/66/288:

 

Mkpebi A/RES/67/290:

 

### Nnyocha Nkwekọrịta Mmepe Na-adịgide Adịgide
Nzukọ ahụ na-ahụ maka ịgbaso na nyocha nke ọganihu nke mmejuputa nkwa mmepe na-adịgide adịgide ndị a:

* Ihe omume 21
* Atụmatụ Mmejuputa Johannesburg
* Ihe Omume Barbados
* Atụmatụ Mauritius
* Rio+20
* LDC-IV

Tinyere nsonaazụ dị mkpa nke nzukọ na nzukọ ndị ọzọ nke United Nations.

## Isiokwu ndị a na-eme
Kwa afọ kemgbe afọ 2013, HLPF na-enwe nnọkọ. A na-enwe nzukọ na July. N'ihi ọrịa COVID-19, nzukọ ahụ mere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na 2020 maka oge mbụ.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
HLPF malitere na Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD), nke e guzobere na 1992 iji hụ na a na-agbaso Nzukọ na Mmepe (UNCED). Kọmitii a zutere ngụkọta ugboro iri abụọ, na nnọkọ ikpeazụ ya na 20 Septemba 2013.

Na 2012 Conference on Sustainable Development, ma ọ bụ Rio + 20, e kpebiri na a ga-eji High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable development dochie Commission ahụ. Nzukọ ọhụrụ a ga-ezukọ n'okpuru nkwado nke ma Kansụl akụ na ụba na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, yana Nzukọ Ezumezu. E guzobere nzukọ ahụ site na Mkpebi 67/290 na 9 Julaị 2013.

## Hụkwa

* Ugwu Ụwa
** Nkwupụta Rio maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi na Mmepe
* Durban III Nzukọ ahụ meghere na 22 Septemba 2011
* Mpaghara mbara ala

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị nke HLPF
* UN DESA - Ngalaba Maka Mmepe Na-adịgide Adịgide
Ben White (onye na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi)

**Ben White** (Benjamin Lewis White, Jr; September 3, 1951 - July 30, 2005) bụ onye na-ahụ maka osisi, onye na-elekọta gburugburu ebe obibi, ikike ụmụ anụmanụ na onye na-agbachitere ikike ụmụ amaala America. Ihe ngosi PBS Frontline nke afọ 1997 kọwara ya dị ka "onye agha guerrilla megide iji anụmanụ eme ihe". A maara ya maka ejiji mbe mmiri eji eme ngagharị iwe nke Seattle WTO n'afọ 1999 na maka idepụta igbu whale iwu na-akwadoghị na Russia.

White na-arụ ọrụ na Sea Shepherd Conservation Society, In Defence of Animals, na Animal Welfare Institute.  O mebere Cetacean Freedom Network.[5].

Ọ natara Lifetime Achievement Award site na nzukọ In Nchekwa anụmanụ .

## Edensibia