Lonnie Holley

Lonnie Bradley Holley (amuru Febụwarị 10, 1950), mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ Sand Man, [1] [2] bụ onye omenkà America, onye nkuzi nka na onye egwu.  A mara ya nke ọma maka ndị ya na gburugburu ebe obibi nke ihe ndị a na-egbochira.  N'afọ 1981, mgbe o wetachara ihe ọrụ ole na ole n'ime nkume ájá ya na Birmingham Museum of Art director Richard Murray, nke ikpeazụ nyere aka ọrụ ya.  Na mgbakwunye na ihe ngosi solo na Birmingham Museum of Art na Halsey Institute of Contemporary Art na College of Charleston, Holley egosila na ihe ngosi otu na ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe Black si American South na Michael C. Carlos Museum na High Museum of Art  na Atlanta, ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Studio dị na Harlem, Ndị dike ihe nkiri Metropolitan nke Art, Ndị dike ihe ngosi nke Philadelphia, ndị ihe ngosi nka nke Toledo, Pérez Art Museum Miami, NSU Museum of Art Fort Lauderdale, Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston  , de Young ihe ngosi nka na San Francisco, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, Ikon Gallery na Birmingham, England, na Royal Academy of Arts na London, n'etiti ebe ndị ọzọ.

Ụbọchị Holley egwu na nnochite anya nke ezinụlọ Obi toro Deep Foundation .

Albums ya bụ tupu Egwu (2012), Idebe mgbanwe nke ya (2013), MITH (2018), akwụkwọ onwe mba (2020), Broken Mirror: A Selfie Reflection, fim ya na Matthew E. White (2021), na Oh  .  Mụ onwe m (2023).

## Ndụ mbido
Lonnie Holley na February 10, 1950 na Birmingham, Alabama n'oge Jim Crow.  [1] [2] Site mgbe ọ dị afọ ise, Holley bụ ọrụ dị iche iche: ibukọ ihe mkpofu n'ebe a na-eme ihe nkiri, ịsa efere, na isi nri.  O biri n'ihe mmetụta whiskey, na-egosi steeti, na n'ọtụtụ ebe obibi.  Ndụ nwata ya bụ ọgba aghara, ọ dịghịkwa mgbe Holley ikike obi nke ezigbo nwata.  Amụrụ nke asaa n'ime 27, Holley na-ekwu na e jirila karama whiskey dị ya mgbe ọ dị apụ apụ.  

Tupu ọrụ ya, Holley aga oge na-egwu ili na-egosi owu.  Ọ na-ekwu na a horya iku anwụ ka ụgbọ ala egwu ya.  Ɔ ile nna mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise ma nwee ụmụ iri na ise ugbu a.  Holley rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye na-esi nri obere oge na Disney World .  Ọ mekwara oge n'iche ọrụ ama ama, Alabama Industrial School for Negro Children na Ugwu Meigs 

## Ọrụ nka anya

Holley ahụmahụ ndụ nka ya na 1979 site n'ịkpụ nkume ili maka abụọ nwanne ya kweere, ndị nwụrụ n'ime ọkụ ụlọ.  Ọ na-eji blọk nke nkume aja dị nro dị ka ihe nkedo ọla bụ nke ọ mụrụ ka a tụfuru n'okpo n'ikiri ebe a na-egwupụta ihe n'ama ụlọ nwanne ya.  Holley malitere na nke aka nke Chineke dugara ya n'ihe omume ahụ ma kpalie ọrụ nka ya.  Site n'ike nsasị n'otu aka ahụ, o mere ihe ndị ọrụ ndị ọzọ ma chịkọta ha n'ogige ya ji ihe dị iche iche iche a .  Na 1981, Holley wetara ihe atụ ole na ole nke ihe osise ájá ya na Birmingham Museum of Art director Richard Murray.  BMA ụfọdụ ụfọdụ n'ime ibe ndị ahụ, [1] na Murray sere ya na ndị na-hazi ihe ngosi 1981 "More Than Land and Sky: Art from Appalachia" na Smithsonian American Art Museum na Washington, DC n'oge na  - enyemaka anya, a na-enweta ọrụ Holley.  site na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ, dị ka American Folk Art Museum na New York na High Museum of Art na Atlanta .  Ekwala ọrụ ya na White House  

Holley ghọkwara onye ọbịa na-ewu ewu na mmemme nka ụmụaka, na-ebute ngọngọ nke nkume ntọala maka ụmụaka ka ọ kpụọ. Ọ na-enweta obi ụtọ pụrụ iche site n'ịkesa ahụmahụ ya nke ịmụta ịhụ onwe ya n'anya site na ọrụ okike.
thumb| Ihe ngosi ngosi, Luise Ross Gallery, New York City, 1993
thumb|390x390px| Lonnie Holley nwere ihe ọkpụkpụ ya ''Drilling for Graedy'', 2011
Ka ọ na-erule n'etiti 1980 ọrụ Holley agbasawanyela ngwa na ihe ọkpụkpụ achọtara arụ ọrụ.  Ogige ya na nza nke gbahapụrụ agbapụ n'ụdị ụlọ ya ndị ebe nka na-emikpu onwe ya nke ndị ọbịa sitere na ụwa nka na-eme ememe, mana egwu site na scrap-metal scavengers na n'ikpeazụ, site nawanye nke ọdụ  ụgbọ elu Birmingham International .

Holley akpo na ihe ngosi otu 1996 "Mkpụrụ Obi toro miri emi: African-American Vernacular Art of the South," ihe ngosi nke ihe ọrụ 450 nke ụfọdụ ndị nka 29 ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe n'oge a, na-mpụta omenala.  .   nka dị ama nke bilitere na ngwá ya na ikike obodo.   Ntughari.   Emere na Michael C. Carlos Museum na City Hall East na Atlanta, a haziri ya site na ụlọ ngosi nka, Kọmitii Atlanta maka mmirika Olympic (ACOG) Olympiad Cultural, na Obodo nke Atlanta Bureau of Cultural Affairs.   Onye nkatọ Newsweek bụ Malcolm Jones, Jr. na-akpata nke ihe nkiri ahụ dere-ahụghị ọrụ Holley.,
 
N'ọgwụgwụ 1996, a gwara Holley na a ga-amachi ihe mmetụta ya dị n'elu ugwu dị nso n'ọdụ ụgbọ elu.  [1] Ọ ikike ikike ndị ọrụ ụgbọ elu ahụ nyere ya akwụkwọ ụlọ ahụ n'ọnụ akara aha nke $14,000, ebe ọ na nrụnye saịtị ya nwere uru onwe ya na nka ọ na-enwe $250,000.  Esemokwu ahụ gara n'iche ikpe probate, na 1997, e ikike ib na ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri elu $165,700 ngwaọrụga Holley ma ọrụ n'ime ụlọ buru ibu na Harpersville, Alabama .

Nleghachi azụ azụ nke Holley, anyị na-eche nke ukwuu?   Echeghị m na anyị nwere ike were: Lonnie Holley, nyọpụta apụta iri na ise, bụ nke Birmingham Museum of Art haziri wee gaa na 2003 gaa na Ikon Gallery na Birmingham, England .   Site na Mee 2003 ruo Mee 2004, Holley kere “gburugburu ebe a na-ese ihe” n'ogige ihe osise dị ala na Birmingham Museum of Art dị ka ụzọ nke usoro “Echere” nke nrụnye saịtị .   Edebere ihe okike nke ọrụ ahụ na ihe nkiri The Sandman's Garden site Arthur Crenshaw na foto Alice Faye "Sister" Love

Ụbọchị Holley egwu na ihe ngosi njem " Mary Lee Bendolph, Gee's Bend Quilts, na Beyond "nke na Museum of International Folk Art na Santa Fe na November 2007, wee kụọ Knoxville Museum of Art na 2008, Loveland Museum & Gallery.  na Loveland, Colorado, Missouri Historical Society na St. Louis na 2009, Berman Museum of World History, na Anniston, Alabama, wee gbochie Flint Institute of Arts, na Flint, Michigan na foto 2010 

E ti ọrụ ya na ihe ngosi 2014 na Studio Museum na Harlem, "Mgbe ị na-egosi: Imagination na American South" nke ọrụ ọrụ Kevin Beasley, Beverly Buchanan, Henry Ray Clark, Thornton Dial, Minnie Evans, Theaster Gates, Trenton Doyle Hancock  , Bessie Harvey, David Hammons, Ralph Lemon, Kerry James Marshall, Rodney McMillian, John Outterbridge, Noah Purifoy, Marie "Big Mama" Roseman, Jacolby na Patricia Satterwhite, Xaviera Georgia Speller, Xaviera Georgia Speller Speller, Stacy Lynn Waddell, Kara Walker  , Carrie Mae Weems, Geo Wyeth, na ndị ọzọ.  Ihe ngosi ahụ gara NSU Museum of Art Fort Lauderdale otu aa Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston na 2015 

Holley arụnyere ọrụ maka ihe ngosi Groundstory: Akụkọ sitere na Shade nke South, na Agnes Scott College of Decatur, Georgia, nke na-agba ọsọ na Dalton Gallery (nakwa Decatur) site na September 28 ruo November 17, 2012. N'afọ  2022, a set Holley aha onye otu wee nata onyunyo ego na- mere ebute ya site n'aka ndị nka United States (USA), azụ na-enye ego nka na Chicago .

Na 2015, Halsey Institute of Contemporary Art na College of Charleston ihe ngosi ihe ngosi ihe ngosi nke mbụ nke Holley 1994 nke ndị ebe obibi, vidiyo, egwu egwu, na katalọgụ monoographic nke isiokwu ya bụ "Ihe ga-ewere Ebe M:  Art nke Lonnie Holley."  [1] Ihe ngosi ahụ nke ụfọdụ ọrụ Holley akwụkwọ 1990s.  Maka ebe obibi, o kere ọrụ na saịtị, wee gaa na ndị otu ụlọ akwụkwọ na nke Charleston

Afọ ka e ịhụ, ọrụ Holley ndụ na 61 ndị ọzọ na "N mfe: Art si African American South" na de Young Museum iji mee akara mpụta mbụ nke Fine Arts Museums nke San Francisco isi sitere sitere na Souls Grown Deep Foundation na Atlanta nke  62 arụ ọrụ.  Ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe na-amị anya Dial, ndị na-ese ihe Ralph Griffin, Bessie Harvey, na Joe Minter, ndị na-ese ihe Joe Light na Mary T. Smith, na ndị na-ese ihe Ronald Lockett, Mose  Tolliver, na Purvis Young, na ndị mmekọ Gee's Bend quilt Jessie T. Pettway na Annie Mae.  Na-eto eto .  Onye edemede maka KQED ihe ngosi ahụ dị ka "ngosipụta na-eku ume nke isi, grit na nwa 

N'afọ 2018, ọrụ ya bụ nke ngwere ahụ, "History akwụkwọ ịnwụ," na Metropolitan Museum of Art nwere ihe ọrụ 30, ihe ọkpụkpụ, ihe ọrụ na-eji eme ihe site n'aka ndị na-ese ihe nkiri Black.  ugbu a sitere na South America.  Ọ bụ akara ngosi ọrụ 2014 nke mmetụta obi toro Deep Foundation na ụlọ ngosi nka.  [1] Onye na-egosi akwụkwọ ndị Wall Street Journal gosiri ya "nhọrọ na-ahụ anya nke ọma, nke ọma arụnyere" na onye ọkụ sitere na The Art Newspaper ihe ngosi ahụ dị ka "nzọpụta iji hụ ihe ngosi dị nkenke,  dị ka ihe nzube, nke nwere isi e mere ma mkpebi na nkà dị mma"  

Ihe ngosi otu ndị ọzọ na-aka akara ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche sitere na ntọala Atlanta "Mkpụrụ Obi toro miri emi: Ndị nka nke African American South" na Philadelphia Museum of Art na 2019, [1] "Ihe butere anyị:  Onyinye sitere na Gordon W. dị Bailey" na Pérez Art Museum Miami, [2] "Legacies Living: Art of the African American South" na Toledo Museum of Art na 2022, [3] na "Akpọrọ Mepụta: Black Artists of the American  South" na National Gallery of Art na Washington, DC 

## Ihe ngosi ndị ọzọ

* "Outliers na American Vanguard Art," National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, January 28, 2018 - Mee 13, 2018; Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka dị elu, Atlanta, June 24 - Septemba 30, 2018; Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Los Angeles County, Nọvemba 18, 2018 - Maachị 18, 2019 
* "Anyị ga-eje ije - Art na Nguzogide na South America" na Turner Contemporary, Kent, England, February 7, 2020 - Septemba 6, 2020 
* "Mkpụrụ obi toro miri emi dị ka osimiri: Black Artists si American South," Royal Academy of Arts, London, Maachị 17, 2023 - June 18, 2023 

## Ọrụ egwu
áká_èkpè|thumb|260x260px| Holley na-eme ihe na Aarhus, Denmark, 2018
Ọkachamara egwu Holley mgbasa na 2006 [1] mgbe o mere ndị isi olu na-emezigharị, na agbamume Matt Arnett (nwa William Arnett), na ụka Alabama na-eji ikike kiiboodu na igwe okwu.  [2] Na 2012, o weputara album izizi ya Just Before Music on the Dust-to-Digital labelelu, na-esote Idebe ndị nke ya n'afọ na-esote.  Na September 2018, o weputara album ya nke atọ MITH na Jagjaguwar .  [3] Pitchfork nyere ya '7.9 n'ime 10 ɔkwa

Pitchfork nyere Holley's 2020 album National Freedom ọkwa 8.0 n'ime10. 

. N'April 2021, Holley weputara ọba akwụkwọ ya na Matthew E. Ọcha ọbara Broken Mirror: A Selfie Reflection .  [1] Ọzọkwa na 2022, ọ malitela ịdekọ ọba nke anọ ya, Oh Me Oh My, nke ewepụtara na Machị 10, 2023 maka LED dị egwu: [2] Pitchfork nyere ya 8.5 n'ime ọkwa 10, [3] na  Tapawa asị ya.  na ndepụta ya nke Top 10 albums nke 2023, [4] na Washington Post gbara Holley ọnụ maka ya

## Ihe ngosi

* *Tupu Egwu* (2012)
* *Ịdekọ ihe ndekọ ya* (2013)
* *Jiri nsogbu DJ biri na ụwa nke oge a - Eprel 2013*
* *MITH* (2018)
* *Nnwere onwe nke mba* (2020)
* *Igwe gbajiri agbaji: Ntụgharị uche Selfie* (2021) - ya na Matthew E. White
* *Oh Me Oh My* (2023)

## Ntụaka

## Isi mmalite

* PplDietz, Andrew (Eprel 1, 2006) *dike Folk Ikpeazụ: Ezi Akụkọ nke agbụrụ na nka, ike na uru.* Atlanta: Ellis Lane Press. ISBN&nbsp;
* Reeves, Jay (February 8, 1997) "Onye omenkà a ma ama na-efunahụ ọgụ megide FAA na mgbasa obodo." *Associated Press* .

## Njikọ mpụga

* Na weebụsaịtị Souls Grown Deep
* Na Discogs
* Birmingham Museum of Art (August 13, 2004) ọkwa ngosi
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations