James Kitching

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|James Kitching na fossils Lystrosaurus
**James William Kitching** (6 Febụwarị 1922 - 24 Disemba 2003) bụ onye South Africa gụrụ vertebrate palaeontology bụ onye e weere dị ka otu n'ime ndị kasị ukwuu na nchọta fossil n'ụwa.

## Ọrụ
Ọrụ ya na mpaghara ndịda, gụnyere Antarctica, dugara n'ịmepụta otu n'ime nchịkọta fossil kachasị mma n'ụwa, nke dị na Bernard Price Institute for Palaeontological Research (BPI) na Johannesburg. O mere ntinye nke ukwuu na Karoo palaeontology nke ndịda Afrịka, na Gondwana, ọ bụkwa onye nwere ikike na mmekọrịta stratigraphic nakwa nkesa nke anụ ndị na-akpụ akpụ Permo-Triassic si South Africa. O bipụtara ihe karịrị mpempe akwụkwọ iri ise na akwụkwọ gbasara akụkụ dị iche iche nke paleontology. Ihe ntinye ya na Karoo palaeontology nke ndịda Afrịka na Gondwana, mere ka ọ bụrụ onye a ma ama n'ụwa niile.

Kitching mụtakwara ụmụ anụmanụ na-enye nwa ara Pleistocene. N'ihe banyere nke a, ọ gwupụtara ma nyochaa fossils site n'ọtụtụ ebe ọgba, nke a kacha mara ama bụ Cave of Hearths na limeworks na Makapansgat ebe ọ chọpụtara ụdị ihe atụ nke Ọkammụta Raymond Dart kọwara dị ka ụdị ọhụrụ nke "nwoke ọzọdịmgba" *Australopithecus*, *A. prometheus* n'afọ 1947. A na-ewerezi nke a ugbu a dị ka otu ihe yana ụdị, *A. africanus*, nke Dart kọwara n'afọ 1925.  Ya na Ọkammụta Raymond Dart, malitere nnyocha taphonomy na mkpokọta ọkpụkpụ na Makapansgat. Ọrụ ndị a gụnyere iwepụta oge nọrọ na Netherlands, Belgium na France iji mụọ ụmụ anụmanụ na-enye nwa ara nke Palaeolithic; o sonyekwara na nnyocha nke fossils sitere na Pinhole Cave na England.

N'agbanyeghị na o nweghị agụmakwụkwọ inweta nzere mbụ na mahadum kwesịrị, òtù omebeiwu nke Mahadum Witwatersrand nyere ya ikike idebanye aha maka inweta nzere Master of Science. Maka nchọpụta ya na fossils Karoo, nke o mezuru n'afọ 1972, e nyere ya nzere ọkankuzi. N'ịbụ onye nụchara biostratigraphy nke nkume nke Beaufort Group na South Africa, ọ malitere nnukwu ọrụ nchịkọta na nkume Triassic nakwa Jurassic nke Elliot na Clarens Formations na South Africa, ma bipụta usoro  biostratigraphic maka usoro lithological ndị a.

## Ihe nrite na Nkwanye Ùgwù
N'oge ọ lara ezumike nká mgbe ọ dị afọ iri isii na asatọ n'afọ 1990, Prọfesọ James Kitching bụ onye ka na-akwado ịghọ prọfesọ na Karoo Biostratigraphy nakwa onye nduzi nke Bernard Price Institute for Palaeontological Research. N'ikpeazụ, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Honorary Research Professorial Fellow na Institute ahụ, ọkwá ọ nọrọ ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ. Ọ natara ọtụtụ onyinye mba na nke mba ụwa gụnyere nzere ọkankuzi nsọpụrụ sitere na UPE na Wits, Gold Award nke Zoological Society of South Africa, The Draper Award nke Geological Society of South Africa, nsọpụrụ ibụ onye òtù ruo ọnwụ nke Society of Vertebrate Paleontology na United States na Palaeontological Society of Southern Africa, na nso nso a Morris Skinner Award a na-anụ aha ya nke Society of Vertebrate Paleantology.

## Oge ọ malitere
Mmalite ya maka ịchọ na ịchịkọta ihe ochie malitere mgbe ọ dị afọ isii, mgbe ọ na-agagharị n'ime obodo na gburugburu Nieu-Bethesda, ebe ọ tolitere, iji chọtara Robert Broom ihe àtụ̀. Otu afọ mgbe e mesịrị, ọ chọpụtara ụdị Y*oungopsis kitchingi* Broom. Ihe ochie a bụ nke mbụ n'ime ọtụtụ ụdị ọhụrụ ọ ga-ewetara sayensị n'afọ ndị ga-esochi. Mgbe Mahadum Witwatersrand guzobere Bernard Price Institute for Palaeontological Research, a họpụtara ya dị ka onye ọrụ mbụ na 26 Ọktoba 1945 ma nye ya iwu ịnakọta fossils site na Karoo. Njem nchịkọta mbụ ya bụ gaa na mpaghara Graaff-Reinet ebe ya na ụmụnne ya Ben na Scheepers nọrọ na ntorobịa ya.

## Ihe edeturu n'okpuru ala
A na-akpọ ugwu a ma ama (85°12′S 177°06′W / 85.200°S 177.100°W / -85.200; -177.100) nọ n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke Shackleton Glacier, n'etiti Bennett Platform na Úgwú Matador, dị na Úgwú Queen Maud hà, dị na Antarctica 'Kitching Ridge' iji sọpụrụ ya. Bụ onye a kpọrọ ka ọ sonye na Ohio State University Institute of Polar Studies 1970-71 geological party nke Úgwú Queen Maud hà dị ka akụkụ nke mmemme nnyocha US Antarctic, ya na James (Jim) Collinson, bụ onye mbụ chọpụtara ma chịkọta therapsid (proto-mammal) fossils n'ebe ahụ, nke Lystrosaurus Zone age, na-akwado njikọ mbụ nke kọntinent dị n'etiti ndịda Afrịka na Antarctica.
thumb|Mkpụrụ nke àkwá na nwa e bu n'afọ, Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie Royal Ontario
N'afọ 1977, James Kitching nwetaghachiri àkwá *Massospondylus* asaa nke e kpughere mgbe a na-arụ ọrụ okporo ụzọ na Golden Gate Highlands National Park na South Africa. Na Jenụwarị 2000, Prọfesọ Robert Reisz nke Mahadum Toronto na Mississauga dị na Canada nọ na njem nleta nnyocha na South Africa ma gbaziri àkwá fossil ndị ahụ iji weghachite Canada. Diane Scott nke ụlọ nnyocha ya mere nkwadebe ahụ siri ike n'okpuru microscope dị elu. Hans Sues, onye Smithsonia gụrụ palaeontology nke nyere aka nyochaa àkwá dị nde afọ 190 - nke kachasị ochie sitere na anụmanụ nwere ọkpụkpụ azụ a chọpụtara - kwupụtara na Kitching ziri ezi n'ịchọpụta àkwá ahụ. A na-echekwa ụmụ ọhụrụ ndị ahụ nke ọma, nke na ha emeela ka ha nwee nghọta dị ịrịba ama banyere  ịdị ndụ na omume dinosaur. Ha bụ ihe akaebe kachasị ochie maka nlekọta n'etiti dinosaurs n'ihi na ezé anụmanụ ndị a na-emepebeghị emepe na-egosi na ụmụ Massospondylus chọrọ enyemaka n'inye nri.

Ọ lụrụ Betty Kitching ma nwee ezinụlọ nke otu nwa nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị abụọ mejupụtara.

## Edensibịa


## Ebe e si nweta ya

* Tribute to James Kitching sitere na Bruce Rubidge & Mike Raath (Bernard Price Institute for Palaeontological Research)