Hubert Ogunde

Chief Hubert Adedeji Ogunde  D.Lit.  ( // ⓘ ; 10 Julaị 1916 – 4 m 1990) bụ onye omere Naijiria, onye na-ede egwuregwu, onye njikwa ihe nkiri, na onye na-agụ egwu bụ onye ntọala ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri izizi nke oge  na Nigeria, African Music Research Party, na 1945.

Hubert Ogunde gbanwere aha Ogunde Theater Party na 1947 na Ogunde Concert Party na 1950. N'ikpeazụ, na 1960, ọ gbanwere ya na Ogunde Theatre, aha nke dịgidere ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1990. A kọwawo ya dị ka "nna nke ụlọ ihe nkiri Naijiria, ma ọ bụ nna nke ihe nkiri Yoruba nke oge a". 

N'ime ọrụ ya na ogbo, o dere ihe karịrị egwuregwu 50, [2] ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-agụnye mmemme dị egwu, ịgba egwu na egwu, na akụkọ na-egosipụta eziokwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mmekọrịta ọha na eze nke oge ahụ.  Ihe mbụ o mere bụ egwuregwu nke chọọchị na-enweta ego a na-akpọ *Ogige Iden* . Ọ malitere na Glover Memorial Hall, Lagos, na 1944. Ihe ịga nke ọma ya gbara Ogunde ume ka ọ mepụta ọtụtụ egwuregwu, n'oge na-adịghịkwa anya ọ hapụrụ ọrụ ya na ndị uwe ojii maka ọrụ na ụlọ ihe nkiri.

Na 1940s, oụ ndị egwuregwu na-ekiri njikere: The Tiger's Empire, Strike and Hunger and Bread and Bullet .  N'ime 1950s, ọ gara njem nlegharị anya n'obodo Nigeria dị iche na ndị otu ya.  N'afọ 1964, o bee Yoruba Ronu, egwuregwu kpalitere ụdị wee kpata ya iwe nke Chief Akintola, onye isi ala Western Region.

A machibidoro ụlọ ihe nkiri Ogunde na Western Region nke Nigeria afọ abụọ n'ihi nke a. Ọ bụ naanị gọọmentị ndị agha ọhụrụ nke Lt. Col. FA Fajuyi kagburu mmachibido iwu a na 4th nke February, 1966.

N'ọgwụgwụ 1970s, Ogunde kpaliri site na ihe ịga nke ọma nke *Ija Ominira* na *Ajani Ogun*, ihe nkiri ndị Yoruba na-asụ ụzọ abụọ, iji mepụta ihe nkiri celluloid mbụ ya, *Aiye*, na 1979. Ọ wepụtara Jaiyesimi, Aropin N'tenia, na Ayanmo, ihe nkiri ndị nwere ogologo oge nke ihe omimi ndị Yoruba na-emetụta, emesia.

.Ogunde gbara egwu na Mister Johnson, [1] ihe nkiri 1990 nke gosikwara Pierce Brosnan .  A gbara ihe nkiri a n'ebe dị na Toro, na nso Bauchi, Nigeria

## Ndụ mbido
. A, Media Ogunde na Ososa, nso Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria, [1] nye isiokwu Deinbo na Eunice Owotusan Ogunde.  Nna ya bụ pastọ Baptist na nna nna ya bụ onye ndú Ifa, ụmụ ọdịnala Africa.  Ogunde biri obere oge n'ime ụlọ ụlọ nna ya wee akwalite Ifá, Ogun na ọtụtụ mmemme ejiji omenala ndị ọzọ.  [2] Ma ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ma ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'akụkụ ya.  Ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ n'etiti 1925 na 1932, ịga St John School, Ososa, (1925–28), St Peter's School, Faaji, Lagos, (1928–30) na Wasimi African School, (1931–32).

mbụ izizi ya na nka bụ onye otu Egun Alarinjo n’oge ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị ya.  Mgbe ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ, ọ bụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi na St. John's School, ma bụrụkwa onye na-abụ abụ ụka na organist.

. [7]O mechara sonye na ndị uwe ojii Naijiria na March 1941 n'Ibadan.  [6] Na 1943, ndị uwe ojii nkiri ya n'ọdụ ndị uwe ojii Denton, Ebute Metta, bụ ebe o sonyeere ụlọ ụka Africa hụ, Onyenwe anyị (Aladura).  Na Lagos, o kere otu ihe nkiri amateur, African Music Research Party, na 1945. [7]

ọtụtụ ndị otu ya na ihe nkiri dịka AB David, PA Dawodu, Layeni na GT Onimole, ọrụ ihe nkiri nkiri n'okpuru nkwado nke ọtụka.  N'afọ 1944, ọkọrọ ọrụ na GB Kuyinu, Ogige Iden na The Throne of God, [1] nke ọtụka Onyenwe anyị (Aladura) nke dị na Lagos bụ nke Josiah Ositelu hiwere.  Enyere ikike ọrụ a iji nye aka na ego ụlọ ụka.

The folk opera pụtara na Glover Memorial Hall na onye isi oche nke emume ahụ, Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, bịara.  [8] Ejije a webatara eziokwu na ihe dị egwu n'ime ihe nkiri, ịgba egwu na ịbụ abụ nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri, kewapụrụ ya na ndị na-ekiri Native Air Operas nke na-achị ike na ala Yoruba n'oge.  [9] Nke a bụ ihe ọhụrụ nke nyere aka mee ka ọ gaa nke ọma.

N'arọọ nke Alake nke Abeokuta, Ogunde mada "Ogige Iden" n'ahụ Ake Centenary.  N'ịbụ onye ihe ịga nke ọma nke egwuregwu ahụ gbara ume, ọ gara n'ihu dee operas ọzọ.  O dere ma chịkwaa egwuregwu atọ n'ikiri nri: Africa na Chineke (1944), ihe nkiri opera nke ndị Yoruba na-adị adị n'ogige Iden, Israel dị n'Ijipt (1945) na nri Nebukadneza na oriri Belshaza.  (1945).  Na 1946, ọ gbara arụkwaghịm n'ọkwa ya na ndị uwe ojii ka ọ bụrụ na-eme egwuregwu.

## Ọrụ

### Mmalite nke ogbo ọrụ: folk operas
11]ebe e kwupụtala, Ogunde's African Music Research Party, nke hibere na 1945, [10] bụ ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri izizi nke oge a na Yorubaland.  Otu egwuregwu gara aga bụ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri nkpuchi a na-akpọ Alarinjo bụ ndị na-adabere na ma ọ bụ ụka maka Nkwado, na ndị na-ewu ewu n'ihi okwu ọnụ.  [10] Ogunde mere ka ndị ya dị iche site n'iji ụzọ nkwalite dị ka mgbasa ozi na akwụkwọ mmado, na site n'ịgbanwe agba nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri alarinjo na-eji mee ihe gaa na nke nwere proscenium.  .  Na mgbakwunye, o webatara ihe omume dị egwu na eziokwu na egwuregwu ya, dabere na ndị na-ege ntĩ maka nkwado azụmahịa.  Site n'akwụkwọ ndị a Ogunde akwụkwọ nke ịrị elu nke ụlọ ihe nkiri egwura ọhụrụ na Nigeria, ihe nke ọ na-abụ na-abụ onye na-eme ihe kacha emetụta.

Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị ọrụ ya dị ka onye uwe ojii, Ogunde hapụrụ ilekwasị anya na mbụ ya na isiokwu okpukpe wee malite ide egwuregwu ndị na-ahụ maka ọdịmma mba na ndị na-emegide ọchịchị n'echiche, omume na Lagos n'oge oke iwe. [8] N'ime oge a, GB Kuyinu na-eduzi ọtụtụ operas mbụ ya.

[9]Na-arịa 1945, o na- njọ karịa Mpụ, egwuregwu egwuregwu ndị na-agụ na egwu Yoruba na abụ ochie oge ochie.  Dị egwuregwu mbụ ya, ọ pịa na Glover Memorial Hall, Lagos.  Mgbe e ọdịdị n'afọ ahụ, o dere The Black Forest and Journey to Heaven, ihe nkiri opera abụọ nke Yoruba mekwara ka o jiri omenala ndị Yoruba ka mma.  Ndị nke ikpeazụ mgbochi siri ike nke ndị nta akụkọ.  Na Nọvemba 1945, o dere egwuregwu pro-arụ ọrụ, Strike na agụụ, mmasị site na ihe omume nke mkpochapụ izugbe nke otu ndị ọrụ na-edu Michael Imoudu .  Na 1946 o dere wee adọta ndị Ukwu Tiger .  N'ịbụ nke na-amalite na 4th nke Machị, 1946, Tiger's Empire bụ nke The African Music Research Party ikpe ma ọnọdụ Ogunde, Beatrice Oyede na Abike Taiwo.  Mgbasa ozi ejije a bụ ihe Ogunde hụ maka "ndị na-eme ihe nkiri a na-ekiri".  Ọ bụ nke mbụ na ụlọ ihe nkiri Yoruba a na-enye ụmụnwaanyị enyo ka ha pụta n'ime egwuregwu dị ka ndị na-eche n'ihe nka n'onwe ha.  àgwà Tiger bụ mbuso agha dị iche iche colonial.  O jiri nwarị na Ìhè soro nwa Tiger

Mgbe e Emmanuel, na 1946, o metụta Ego Ekwensu, mmetụta Africa otu nwoke na-egosi ihe batara n'ịbanyere na igbochi akpali.  Ụkọ ndị na-enwe ihe ịga nke ọma ma nwee ọtụtụ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri iri abụọ na a na-enye uwe.  Herbert Macaulay nwụsịrị, o dere opera Herbert Macaulay iji cheta ndụ onye mba, mgbe onye nwụrụ na 1946. Ọ na-egwu egwuregwu ọzọ nwere ihe eji ngwá agha, Towards Liberty, na 1947. Tupu 1948, a na-eme egwuregwu Ogunde na Lagos na mgbe  ụfọdụ na Abeokuta, mana ewu ewu ya na-eto eto na mpaghara ndị ọzọ dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Leicester mere ka ọ na-eche echiche iji gaa obodo ndị ọzọ na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri.

N'afọ 1948, ọ gara njem nlegharị anya n'isi obodo ndị dị n'Ebe Ọdịda na Naịjrịa ya na ndị otu ya, akwụkwọ na Abeokuta, Ibadan, Oyo, Ede na Ogbomosho.  [12] Mgbe ọ gara njem nlegharị anya n'ebe ugwu, ya na ndị uwe ojii nwere nnukwu ihe ngosi abụọ n'ihi ngwá agha ndị nke dị njọ n'ụzọ Mpụ na ndị Ukwu Tiger .  Njem njem mbụ ya na ndị Naijiria anabata ndị Ghana na-ege ntĩ nke ọma, n'ihi na haghị enweghị akara Yoruba na Ogunde ihe na-amasị ndị mmadụ.

Ogunde wee dee satịre mbụ ya, Human Parasites, ìdí mkparị maka Aso ebi (omenala ọha mmadụ nke na-agba ndị nwoke na ndị na-agụ ume na-eche echiche ọnụ maka ọnwụ oriri na mgba).  "Omenala a na-agbazinye onwe ya nnukwu mkparị n'ihi na mmemme mmemme na-egosi na olili ozu na-ese nke na ndị enyi nwere ike ịgwa ndị mmadụ 'Aso Ebi' ihe ugboro ugboro iri n'afọ."  "Human Parasites" kụdara ndị na-elekọta mmadụ nke Lagos, mana ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ndị na-akwado Ogunde.  [1] N'ime oge o dere Human Parasites, o buru ụzọ ike aha otu ya na Ogunde Theater Party.  Ejije Ogunde n'oge a bụ operas ndị mmadụ nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na-abụ abụ ha na-eji obere obere ụka.

. N'afọ 1947, Ogunde na Adesuwa, na-eso ya na onye na-emekọ ihe ọnụ, gara London ka ya na ndị na-ahụ maka ihe nkiri nwee ike igosi maka ihe ngosi ya na England.  Okwu ndị ahụ amịghị mgba mana mgbe ha nọ na Lọndọn, ha nwere ikike ịga klas waltz na ịgba egwu .  N'ime operas ya mechara, o jiri egwu Batakoto omenala me ima waltz wee jiri egwu Epa omenala me ya.

### 1950-1960
. [16]N'afọ 1950, Ogunde gara n'ihu na-ede egwuregwu n'ụzọ ụzọ eji.  Achịcha na mgbo, nke e mere n’afọ 1950 bụ ihe ejije gbasara ọrụ ndị na-egwupụta coal mere n’Enugwu nke butere agbagbu mmadụ iri abụọ na abụọ n’afọ ahụ.  N'ebe ugwu Naijiria, ihe ngosi nke egwuregwu ahụ bụ nanị mpaghara ụfọdụ n'ihi ebubo nke okpukpe ụka na-agba mgba mgba okpuru.  [15] Ọ bụ n'oge a ka Ogunde webatara akwụkwọ Bekee na ikpe ụka nke egwuregwu ya.  Na January 1950, o mere mmeputakwa nke egwuregwu 1945 nke Black Forest, na-haziga egwuregwu ahụ iji webata okpukpe Bekee na Yoruba.  Egwu ndị Afrịka ewepụtara bụ ma ngwa ndị ezumike na nke Africa ụgbọ.  Ọhịa ojii na ụgbọ na mgbo e me canza ụdị ihe nkiri ya site na opera ndị Yoruba ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ihe nkiri na-emeziị ebe a na-ekwu okwu

Ogunde wee pụta ọtụtụ egwuregwu nwere ike ụka ma ọ bụ kwuo ma ọ bụ abụ abụ.  Ọ mmetụta mmekọrịta omume Islam, My Darling Fatima, na 1951. O sochiri nke a na ihe ọchị ụlọ: Portmanteau Woman (1952), ' Lovehụnanya Beggar (1952) na Princess Jaja (1953).

Na 1955, ụlọ ihe nkiri ya gara njem egwu na Northern Nigeria nke ngosi ihe ngosi na Colonial Hotel, Kano .  N'oge a, Ogunde akwụkwọ ide ihe ugboro ugboro ka o wee nwee ike ịga njem nlegharị anya ụzọ na mpaghara dị iche iche nke mba ahụ.  Otu egwuregwu ihe nkiri Ogunde otu egwuregwu ihe nkiri mgbe nke ahụ.  Ọ gbanwekwara aha otu ahụ, site na Ogunde Theater Party gaa Ogunde Concert Party, na 1950.

Na 1964, o wepụtara egwuregwu abụọ dị mkpa: *Yoruba Ronu* na *Otitokoro* . Ha abụọ kwuru maka mmemme ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Western Nigeria, ihe ndị butere nkwuputa ọnọdụ mberede na 1963. Ọ bụ onye a ma ama n'ime ndị na-eme ihe nkiri nke opera ndị mmadụ. O mere ihe karịrị operas iri anọ na Yoruba. Egwuregwu ya bụ *Yoruba Ronu* (ma ọ bụ "Yoruba Think") bụ akụkọ satirical nke ọgbaghara dakwasịrị ala Yoruba na 1960s. Ihe mere osote ya mere onye ji egwu egwu, bụ Oba Fiwajoye, raara ya nye. Enyere ya n'aka onye iro ya bụ Yeye-Iloba, nke mere ka a tụrụ ya na mmadụ abụọ n'ime ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya mkpọrọ. Onye osote onye ahụ rịgoro n'ocheeze wee na-achị dịka onye ọchịchị aka ike tupu ndị mmadụ egbuo ya.

Emere egwuregwu a na nzụkọ Egbe Omo Olofin n'ihu ndị isi NNDP dịka Akintọla .  N'oge mmemme ahụ, Akintola na ndị ọzọ ole na ole na ole, na-eche na ọ bụ ngwá ọrụ na ọrụ ha na ike mpaghara .  A akụkọ ya iwu na egwuregwu Nigeria afọ abụọ (1964 ruo 1966) n'ihi nke a, mana e ibu ya nke ọma na mpaghara ndị ọzọ nke mba ahụ.

In the 1960s, The advent of Western Nigeria Television (WNTV) gave Ogunde an avenue to reach his audience without traveling. He produced his plays *Ayanmo* and *Mama Eko* for the television audience.

Ogunde bụ onye isi anya Naijiria na Expo 67 na Montreal.  Ka ọ na-ala Nigeria, ọ shafukan na New York wee mee ihe na Apollo Theatre na Harlem.

2]N'ọgwụgwụ 1970s, onye ntụzi ihe nkiri bụ Ola Balogun duziri ihe nkiri Yoruba abụọ na-aga nke ọma.  Nke mbụ, "Ajani Ogun", bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri Ade Love .  Nke abụọ, "Ija Ominira", starred Ade Love .  Ogunde ike bụ onye na usoro a.  Ọ dabara Ola Balogun ka ọ duzie Aiye, ihe ngbanwe nke otu n'ime egwuregwu egwuregwu ya.  Ogunde egwuregwu egwuregwu a ụfọdụ ụfọdụ n'ihi na ọ dọtara igwe mmadụ n'oge ọ na-eme ihe ngosi.  [1] N'adịghị ka ihe nkiri a na-eme ihe nkiri ahụ, a na-agbapụ ihe nkiri ahụ n'ụzọ iji nye ọkụ maka usoro.  Emere ihe nkiri a n'afọ 1979, n'ime otu afọ, o we ike ego ya.  [1] Aiye nsogbura ihe omimi ndị Yoruba, okwu amoosu na echiche ọdịnala nke ìhè na akwụkwọ

Ogunde rere ụfọdụ ihe onwunwe ya iji kwado ihe nkiri ahụ.[12]  Ihe nkiri Ogunde na-esote bụ Jaiyesinmi, ihe na-esote Aiye nke Ogunde na Freddie Goode na-eduzi.  Ihe nkiri ya nke atọ bụ Aropin N'Tenia, mmegharị ọzọ nke egwuregwu ogbo nke ewepụtara na 1964. Ihe nkiri ahụ nwere akara omimi dị ntakịrị karịa ndị bu ya ụzọ.[1]  Ogunde nyere ego maka imepụta ihe nkiri ya niile na-enweghị isi.  Ihe nkiri ya nke anọ bụ Ayanmo, nke ewepụtara na mbụ site na egwuregwu e nyefere nwunye ya bụ Adeshewa onye nwụrụ na mbụ.

Ogunde guzobere obodo ihe nkiri na Ososa, obodo ya, ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ihe nkiri maka ihe nkiri ya na 1982. Ihe nkiri abụọ ikpeazụ ya, *Aropin N'tenia* na *Ayanmo* gbapụrụ na obodo ihe nkiri Ogunde.

### Ndekọ egwu
N'afọ 1986, ndị ikom Naijiria gosiri ya òkù ka o guzobe otu mejiji na mba.[1]  N'oge a, ọ nọchiri anya Nigeria na Commonwealth Festival of Arts, na-eme egwuregwu a na-akpọ Destiny (nke bụ Ayanmo ike mgbasa nke ọzọ na mbụ na 1970).[1]  Akara aka bụ ikike nke nwere ndị ịgba egwu iri atọ.  N'ime egwuregwu ahụ, Ogunde webatara ụfọdụ ịgba egwu egwu ya, Ijo-Eleja (ma ọ bụ egwu ndị ọkụ azụ), Asan Ubo-Ikpa sitere na omenala Ibibio, na nkwa-hir si Tivland.

### Ogunde Estate and national troupe
N'afọ 1986, ndị ọchịchị Naijiria kpọrọ ya òkù ka o guzobe otu ìgwè ejije na mba.[1]  N'oge a, ọ nọchiri anya Nigeria na Commonwealth Festival of Arts, na-eme egwuregwu a na-akpọ Destiny (nke bụ Ayanmo edozigharịrị nke o wepụtara na mbụ na 1970).[1]  Akara aka bụ mmepụta nke nwere ndị ịgba egwu iri atọ.  N'ime egwuregwu ahụ, Ogunde webatara ụfọdụ usoro ịgba egwu kachasị amasị ya, Ijo-Eleja (ma ọ bụ egwu ndị ọkụ azụ), Asan Ubo-Ikpa sitere na omenala Ibibio, na kwag-hir si Tivland.

Ogunde established an estate at Ososa. The venue served as the rehearsal center for the national troupe before his passing in 1990.

## Ndụ onwe onye na ihe nketa
Ogunde married more than ten wives and had many children. The Ogunde Theater was largely a family-run business, and all the wives and children took part in the productions at one time or the other. Some of the children were actors and actresses, while others were drummers, singers and ticket sellers. All of the wives shared the stage with their husband at various points in the history of the theatre.

Onye njikwa nke Ogunde Theatre, onye bụkwa otu n'ime ndị ozi ahụ, bụ onye bụbu Miss Clementina Oguntimirin.  Emechara mara ya dị ka Adeshewa Clementina Ogunde ma ọ bụ Mama Eko, na-ewere moniker nke ikpeazụ na egwuregwu 1960 na-ewu ewu nke otu aha ahụ ọ gbara na ya.  Ndị ozi ndị ọzọ kwuru Ibisomi Ogunde, Risikat Ogunde na Emily Kehinde Olukoga-Ogunde .

Ogunde became the leading producer of Yoruba celluloid movies, with *J'ayesinmi* (Let the world rest) and *Aiye* (Life!), blazing the trail.

Ọ na-arịa ọrịa n'oge agbapụ nke ihe nkiri "Mr. Johnson".  Chief Ogunde nwụrụ n'azụ anọ nke ngosi, 1990, n'ịlụọgwụ Cromwell nke London ka ọ gbasịrị obere ọrịa.

.Eserese Ogunde kokwasịrị na National Gallery of Modern Art, Lagos.

N'oge ndụ ya, a na- ike ya site n' ekiri, si otú a mee ka ọ bụrụ Oloye nke ndị Yoruba .

## Ọrụ

### Ejije
 

### Ihe nkiri

* *Ayi* (1980)
* *Jaiyesimi* (1981)
* *Arọpin* (1982)
* *Ayanmọ* (1988)
* *Nwanyị Johnson*

### Igwe onyonyo

* *Ogunde: Man of the Theatre - BBC* (1983) 

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ndi égwú nke Naigeria
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations