Anụ ọhịa nke Japan

**Anụ ọhịa nke Japan** gụnyere osisi, Anụmanụ, na Ebe obibi ya. Agwaetiti ndị Japan dị ogologo site n'ebe ugwu ruo n'ebe ndịda ma kpuchie mpaghara ihu igwe dịgasị iche iche. Nke a na-ebute nnukwu ọdịiche  nke Anụ ọhịa n'agbanyeghị na Japan kewapụrụ onwe ya na ala Eshia. N'ebe ugwu nke mba ahụ, n'ebe ugwu Blakiston's Line, e nwere ọtụtụ ụdị subarctic nke si n'ebeebe ugwu chịrị Japan. N'ebe ndịda, e nwere ụdị Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia, nke a na-ahụkarị na mpaghara okpomọkụ. 'etiti mpaghara ndị a bụ mpaghara okpomọkụ nke nwere ọtụtụ ụdị ya na China na Korea. Japan nwekwara ọtụtụ ụ dị iche iche nke a na-adịghị ahụ ebe ọzọ n'ụwa, [1] na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ebe obibi nke ọtụtụ ụdị dị n'ihe ize ndụ / nke a na'adịghị ahụkebe.

## Anụmanụ
  

### Anụ na-enye nwa ara
thumb|Nkịta Japan na-asa ahụ n'isi iyi ọkụ na Nagano prefecture
Ihe dị ka ụdị 130 nke Anụ na-enye nwa ara na Japan. Ndị kasị ukwuu n'ime ndị a bụ anụ ọhịa bea abụọ. Ussuri brown bear (*Ursus arctos*), anụmanụ kachasị ukwuu na Japan, a na-ahụ ya na Hokkaido,  ebe ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ọdịbendị nke Ndị Ainu.  Anụ ọhịa bea ojii nke Eshia (*Ursus thibetanus*) bi n'ebe ugwu dị na Honshū, Kyūshū na Shikoku. Obere Anụ ndị na-eri anụ gụnyere nkịta ọhịa (*Vulpes vulpes*), nkịta raccoon (*Nyctereutes procyonoides*) na Japanese marten (Martes melampus).  nwere nwamba ọhịa abụọ na Japan: nwamba agụ owuru (*Prionailurus bengalensis*) nke ala Eshia na-eme na Tsushima Island [1] ebe nwamba Iriomote (*Prionailurus iriomotensis*) bụ ihe pụrụ iche na agwaetiti Iriomote. [2]

Anụ ndị na-eri anụ na-agụnye mgbada sika (*Cervus nippon*), serow Japan (*Capricornis crispus*) na anụ ọhịa (Sus scrofa). N'etiti ụmụ anụmanụ na-enye nwa ara a ma ama na Japan bụ Japanese macaque (*Macaca fuscata*), enwe kachasị n'ebe ugwu n'ụwa.

Ụmụ anụmanụ na-enye nwa ara n'ime mmiri gụnyere dugong (*Dugong dugon*), porpoise na-enweghị fin (*Neophocaena phocaenoides*) na ọdụm mmiri Steller (*Eumetopias jubatus*). 

 *Palaeoloxodon naumanni* na nnukwu mgbada *Sinomegaceros yabei* bikwa na Honshu. Ụdị  ọhịa wolf abụọ a hụrụ na Japan, Anụ ọhịa wolf nke Hokkaido (*Canis lupus hattai*) na Anụ ọhịa wolf nke Honshū (*Canis lupus hodophylax*), lara n'iyi na 1889 na 1905, n'otu n'otu.

### Nnụnụ
 
áká_èkpè|thumb|Crane ndị nwere okpueze uhie
E dekọrọ ihe karịrị ụdị nnụnụ 600 na Japan  na ihe karịrị 250 n'ime ụdị ndị a. Ọtụtụ nnụnụ dị na mpaghara gụnyere Japanese woodpecker (*Picus awokera*), copper pheasant (*Syrmaticus soemmerringii*) na nnụnụ mba Japan, green pheasant (*Phasianus versicolor*). Ọtụtụ ụdị dị iche iche bụ ihe pụrụ iche na obere agwaetiti gụnyere Okinawa rail (*Gallirallus okinawae*), Izu thrush (*Turdus celaenops*) na Bonin white-eye (Apalopteron familiare). Ọtụtụ n'ime nnụnụ ndị na-abụghị ndị a na-ahụkarị na China mana ole na ole sitere na Siberia ma ọ bụ ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Eshia.

Ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke nnụnụ na-agafe Japan  n'oge opupu ihe ubi na oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ gụnyere ọtụtụ waders. N'oge oyi, ọtụtụ ebe dị mkpa maka Swans, geese na cranes.

## Flora
  
áká_èkpè|thumb|Jōmon Sugi, nnukwu Osisi cedar na-acha ọbara ọbara nke Japan na Yakushima
Ihe dị ka 4,000 ruo 6,000 ụdị osisi na-apụta na Japan. Ahịhịa dịgasị iche iche site n'oké ọhịa dị n'ebe ndịda ruo n'oké osimiri coniferous n'ebe ugwu. Na mpaghara subtropical, enwere ike ịchọta mangroves, cycads na ferns osisi. N'ime ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ nke Kyūshū, Shikoku na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Honshū, ahịhịa kachasị elu bụ oké ọhịa na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nwere ọtụtụ Osisi oak. N'ebe ugwu Honshū na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Hokkaidō, ihu igwe dị jụụ na osisi ndị nwere akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ dị obosara gụnyere Japanese beech (*Fagus crenata*) na osisi oak dị ka jolcham oak (*Quercus serrata*). Conifers na-achịkwa n'ọtụtụ ebe na Hokkaidō na n'ugwu nke etiti na ugwu Honshū na spruces na firs na-eto eto. N'ugwu ndị kachasị elu, e nwere mpaghara nke osisi Arctic-alpine gụnyere osisi Siberian dwarf pine (*Pinus pumila*).

ubi osisi conifer anọchiwo ọhịa okike n'ọtụtụ ebe. Osisi ndị a na-akụkarị gụnyere Chamaecyparis obtusa">hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa), Japanese red pine (*Pinus densiflora*), Japanese black pine (*Pinus thunbergii*), sakaki evergreen (*Cleyera japonica*) na Japanese red cedar (*Cryptomeria japonica*). Nke ikpeazụ bụ osisi conifer kachasị elu na Japan nke ruru mita 40 n'ịdị elu.

Bamboo na-eto n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na Japan na ihe dị ka 400 ruo 500 ụdị gụnyere obere achara a maara dị ka *sasa* na ụdị ndị dị elu a maara dị leghara nke nwere ike iru mita 20.

E webatara ọtụtụ osisi na Japan site na mpaghara Eshia gụnyere ihe ọkụkụ dị mkpa dị ka osikapa na osisi ubi dị ka chrysanthemum. Kemgbe Meiji Restoration, ọnụ ọgụgụ na-arịwanye elu nke osisi si Europe, North America na ebe ndị ọzọ. Osisi nri ndị a na-ahụkarị gụnyere mmiri dropwort (*Oenanthe javanica*) na wasabi (*Wasabia japonica*).

## Nchekwa
N'afọ 1897, Japan wepụtara iwu nke na-echebe ọhịa maka ebumnuche dịgasị iche iche, gụnyere igbochi mbuze, ichebe isi iyi osimiri, na ịkwado usoro azụ. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2023, a na-echebe nde hekta iri na abụọ. Ụfọdụ  ọkụ azụ arụwo ọrụ iji lekọta ọhịa n'akụkụ osimiri, na mmiri dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na-enwekwu ụdị azụ dị iche iche. Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi na Japan emeela ọtụtụ ihe iji chekwaa anụ ọhịa dị ka mmachi ịchụ nta, mmemme ịzụlite, na nchedo na mweghachi ebe obibi. Nri ụmụ mmadụ -enye anụ ọhịa (*esayari*) emeela ka gọọmentị ime obodo na-enye ụtụ na ụzọ ndị ọzọ iji belata ịdabere na ụmụ mmadụ maka nri na mgbanwe ọjọọ na omume okike.

## Hụkwa

* Biota nke Obí Eze nke Tokyo

## Ihe odide

* Boeseman, M. (1947). ''Ntụziaka nke Azụ Ndị Burger na Von Siebold chịkọtara na Japan'' Leiden.
* Brazil, Mark A. (1991). *Nnụnụ nke Japan*, Christopher Helm, London.
* Kodansha (1993). Japan: Akwụkwọ nkà ihe ọmụma nwere ihe osise, Kodansha, Tokyo.

## Njikọ mpụga
 

* Japan Wildlife Conservation Society
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations