open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Asụsụ Tsimihety

**Tsimihety** bụ asụsụ ugwu nke Malagasy nke ndị bụ ndị Tsimihety na-asụ na akụkụ mpaghara nke Sofia.

Asụsụ  Tsimihety bụ asụsụ nọ na okpuru ezinụlọ asụsụ ọstroneshian..ọ bụkwa otu otú nke ùgwù Malagasy gụnyekwara Ugwu Sakalava ,Bushi,, Ugwu Betsimisaraka yana Antakarana..

## Ebe a na-ekesa ya
Tsimihety bụ asụsụ amara ama na mkpaghara nke Sofia yana nke Tsimihety daịspora n'ime Mahajanga yana Antananarivo

## Okwu

## Ihe odide
1 htt
ps://island-mission.org/translations/Asụsụ Bornean
Ndịda asụsụ Malayo-polynesian
Asụsụ nke Madagascar
Asụsụ Nyoro

**Nyoro** ma ọ bụ **Runyoro** bụ asụsụ Bantu nke ndị Nyoro nke Uganda na-asụ. Ọ nwere olumba abụọ: Runyoro kwesịrị ekwesị na Rutagwenda. E hiwere akwụkwọ ndetu ahaziri ahazi na 1947   Ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na Rutooro

## Ihe Atụ

## Mmekọrịta Asụsụ
Asụsụ Nyoro nwetara Central Sudan loanwowrds site n'Asụsụ Ma'di na narị afọ nke 13-15 n'oge Bachwezi, mgbe obodo Banyoro na-agbasawanye na mbụ na-amịkọrọ Ndị Madi nke ókèala ha gara aga gbasaa n'ebe ndịda nke Naịl n'ime ihe bụzi ugwu Bunyoro. Runyoro zoro okwu dị iche iche nke Madi, dị ka okwu maka bellows, ostrich, okpete na ịnyịnya ibu.

Asụsụ Nyoro mechara nata okwu ndị e si n'Asụsụ Luo nweta mgbe ndị Babiito na Palwo kwagara Bunyoro.

## Hụkwa

* Asụsụ Runyakitara

## Edensibịa
Asụsụ Ogbi nke Mauritius

**Asụsụ Ogbi nke ''Mauritish*** (*'MSL*'; French: Langue des signes mauricienne ma ọ bụ mauritienne) Ọ bụ asụsụ ogbi nke ụmụ amaala obodo

== Ntụaka  ==

# Mauritian Tinyere Akara Asụsụ na Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)

== Akwụkwọ Akụkọ ==

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] *Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu na ụtọ asụsụ maka asụsụ ogbi nke Mauritian.'' Mpịakọta 1. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
Asụsụ Sihanaka

**Sihanaka b**ụ asụsụ nke Malagasy nke ndị bụ ndị Sihanaka na -asụ

## Nchịkọta
**Sihanaka** bụ asụsụ ọstroneshian nke akụkụ nke Plateaux na alaka nke asụsụ Malagasy 

## Ihe ndị e ji mara ya
Asụsụ ndị Ugwu ebe dịka Tsimihety na mba Ugwu Betsimisaraka mmetụtara asụsụ nke Sihanaka nke ukwuu 

## Okwu

## Ihe odide

# https ://www.wycliffe.org/blog/posts/Sihanaka-nke-madagascar 
Asụsụ nke Madagascar
Asụsụ Temein

Temein, nke a makwaara dị ka *Ron (g) e*, bụ asụsụ ndị Temein nke **Egwu** Nuba na Sudan na-asụ.

Ronge bụ nso nso nke endonym. Stevenson na-akọ na ndị mmadụ bụ ɔ̀rɔ́ŋɡɔ̀ʔ na asusu lɔ́ŋɔ na rɔŋɛ; Dimmendaal ní ɔ́ràntɛ̀t nyɔ́ɔ́, kààkʉ́nʉ́ ɔ́rɔ̀ŋɛ̀ ​​ɔ̀kã̀lɔ́ɔ̀kã̀ kpó, tsí ń ŋɔ́nɔ́ ná ɔ̀kã̀lɔ́ɔ̀kã̀ kpó yèé wà ńǹtalɛ̀ bí#ɛ́.

A na-asụ Temein n'obodo Farik, Kuris, Kwiye, Nekring, Tokoing, Tukur, na Tulu (Ethnologue, mbipụta nke iri abụọ na abụọ).

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụ okwu

* /p/ nwere ike ịnwe allophones nke [ɸ, f] mgbe ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ mmalite okwu
* /s/ nwere ike ịnwe allophone nke [ʃ] na ọnọdụ intervocalic nke okwu.
* Usoro /nt/ nwere ike ịnwe allophone nke [[ n'ọnọdụ intervocalic.

### Mkpụrụedemede

## Ihe odide

* Asụsụ Temein (Roger Blench 2007) 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Temein isi okwu na Global Lexicostatistical Database
Asụsụ Midob

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Map asụsụ nke ndị na-abụghị ndị Arab nke Darfur.
**Midob** (a na-asụkwa Meidob) bụ asụsụ Nubian nke ndị Midob bi na North Darfur mpaghara Sudan na-asụ. Dị ka asụsụ Nubian, ọ bụ akụkụ nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Nilo-Saharan sara mbara.

Ewezuga n'ala nna ha nke Malha, North Darfur, ndị na-asụ Midob na-ebikwa na mpaghara Khartoum (nke kachasị na Omdurman na mpaghara Gezira) na Jezirat Aba.[1] Ndị Midob na-akpọ asụsụ ha tìd-n-áal, n'ụzọ nkịtị "ọnụ nke Midob", na onwe ha tìddí (otu otu), tìd (ọtụtụ). Enwere ihe dị ka ndị na-asụ Midob 50,000 na isi olumba abụọ, Urrti na Kaagedi. Rilly (2010:162) depụtara olumba Urrti, Shalkota na Torti. Naanị Uurti ka akọwara n'uju.

Thelwall (1983) na Werner (1993) mere nyocha nke ọma na Midob. Ọmụmụ ihe abụọ ahụ metụtara olumba Urrti.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
Tebụl ndị na-esonụ na-egosi ụdaume phonological na ụdaume na-enweghị ọdịiche phonetic na-enweghị ego Arabic na nso nso a.

### Mkpụrụedemede

Rịba ama: Mkpụrụedemede niile na-apụta ogologo na mkpụmkpụ. Mkpụrụedemede etiti dị n'etiti na-apụta naanị na Midob, ọ bụghị n'asụsụ Nubian ndị ọzọ.

### Mkpụrụ okwu

### Ụda
Midob bụ asụsụ ụdaolu nwere ndekọ abụọ: High na Low. Ụda bụ ma okwu na ụtọ asụsụ. 

## Asụsụ
Midob bụ Asụsụ aglutinative, dị ka asụsụ Nubian ndị ọzọ. Usoro okwu ndabara bụ SOV.

### Okwu
Ngwaa ndị a bụ:

: okwu mkpo (+ ndọtị) + oge / ọdịdị.

Ogwe osisi ahụ anaghị agbanwe. Mgbatị na-agbanwe ma ọ bụ na-agbakwunye ihe na ngwaa dị ka ịgọnahụ, ebumnuche, nkwenye, omume zuru ezu, ọtụtụ isiokwu ma ọ bụ omume, ogologo oge, omenala na mgbe ụfọdụ enwere ike ijikọta ya (karịsịa ịgọnahụrụ).

### Oge na akụkụ
Midob nwere oge abụọ (Zuru oke na Na-aga n'ihu) gbakwunyere Intentional. E nwere usoro nke nsonaazụ maka ihe ngosi, subjunctive na ụdị ajụjụ abụọ (ịjụ maka eziokwu, ya bụ "Olee mgbe / Gịnị..." na iji chọpụta eziokwu, yabụ "Ị mere...").

Usoro njedebe onwe onye:

## Ihe odide

* Werner, Roland (1993) 'Tìdn-áal: A Study of Midob (Darfur-Nubian) ' Berlin: Dietrich Reimer.
* Thelwall, Robin (1983) 'Meidob Nubian: Phonology, Grammatical Notes and Basic Vocabulary' na Bender, M. L. (Ed), Nilo-Saharan Language Studies, V.13, East Lansing

## Njikọ mpụga

* Midob si na blog mille langues
* Midob Ihe sitere na Nnyocha nke Roland Werner
Asụsụ Antambahoaka

Antambahoaka 

zakana Antembahoky

Ebe ọ sị      Madagascar 

Etinisiti        Antambahoaka 

Ndị na asụ ya     118000

Ezinụlọ asụsụ ọ bụ.         Ọstroneshian 

Malayo-polynesian 

**Antambahoaka** bụ asụsụ nke Malagasy nke ndị na asụ ya bụ ndị Antambahoaka n'ime mpaghara nke Vatovavy-Fitovinany.

## Nchịkọta
Antambahoaka bụ asụsụ nke ọstroneshian na mpaghara nke Otu Plateaux Malagasy 

## Ebe
Ana asụ asụsụ Antambahoaka site na ọwụwa nke Mahanoro ruo na Mananjary. 

## Ihe ndị e ji mara ya
Antambahoaka nwere Nyìrí na ebe Antagnala yana ọwụwa Betsimisaraka nọ.

## Okwu

## Ihe odide

# https ://islands-mission.org/.translations/ 
Asụsụ Bornean
Asụsụ ọdịda Malayo-polynesian asụsụ nke Madagascar
Asụsụ Masalit

g
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Map asụsụ nke ndị na-abụghị ndị Arab nke Darfur, na-egosi oke asụsụ Masalit na Sudan.
**Masalit** (autonym *Masala/Masara*; ) bụ asụsụ Nilo-Saharan nke otu asụsụ Maban nke ndị Masalit na-asụ na mpaghara Ouaddaï, Chad na West Darfur, Sudan.

Masalit, nke a maara dị ka *Massalat*, kwagara n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ n'etiti ọwụwa anyanwụ Chad. Ndị agbụrụ ha na Chad bụ 30,000 ka ọnụ ọgụgụ 1993 si dị, mana ọ bụ naanị mmadụ 10 na-asụ asụsụ ha ka a kọrọ na 1991.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Ụdaume

### Mgbochiume

* E kwuwo na ụda ịpị aka mgbe ụfọdụ nwere ike ịpụta, Otú ọ dị; a na-ewere ha dị ka ihe dị ụkọ.
* Ụda  nwere ike ịpụta dị ka geminated .
* Ụda /t, m, n, ŋ/ nwere ike ịpụta dị ka [tj, mj, nj, ŋj] n'ihu ụdaume ihu.
*  na-apụta naanị n'ihi okwu ndị sitere na Arabic.
* [ʔ] abụghị ụda ụda, a na-anụkwa ya n'ihu ụdaume mmalite okwu.
* Ụda  na-apụta naanị na ọnọdụ mmalite okwu.

## Ndị na-emekọrịta ihe
Asụsụ Masalit nwere okwu abụọ:

  "Arọ" Masalit, nke ndị nọ n'ọkwa dị elu na ndị nọ n'ime ime obodo na-asụ, nwere ụtọ ụtọ asụsụ agglutinative gbagwojuru anya. 

  "Mfe" Masalit, nke a na-asụ karịsịa n'ụlọ na n'ahịa, na-enwe usoro nchịkọta ụtọ dịtụ mfe yana ọtụtụ ego sitere na Sudanese Arabic, asụsụ mpaghara na asụsụ agụmakwụkwọ.

## Edensibịa

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* 
* 
* 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Asụsụ Ndị Furu Efu, Achọtara na New York - NYTimes.com
Asụsụ Tulishi

**Tulish**i (Kuntulishi, Thulishi, Tulesh) bụ asụsụ Kadu a na-asụ na South Kordofan. Olumba bụ Tulishi kwesịrị ekwesị na Kamdang.

## Asụsụ na ebe
Ethnologue (22nd mbipụta) depụtara olumba dị ka:

* Tulishi, Kamda (Kamdang) 
* Dar El Kabira (Logoke, Minjimmina, Truj, Turuj) 

A na-akọ na asụsụ Dar el Kabira na Kamdang yiri.

Obodo nta bụ Aabiisa, Aliyooro Manadaha, Jebels Tulishi, Kamdang, Kirakaati, Laati, Lawwa, Nattilongke, Ntukungnge, na Thudhi na steeti South Kordofan.

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Tulishi dị na Global Lexicostatistical Database
Tanala dialect

**Tanala** bụ asụsụ nke Malagasy nke ndị na-asụ ya bụ ndị Tanala n'ime Madagascar

## Nkewa ya
Asụsu Tanaka maọbụ Antagnala bụ asụsụ nọ na ezinụlọ asụsụ ọstroneshian tinyekwara òtù asụsụ nke obere otu Plateaux Malagasy 

## Ebe aga ahụ ya
A na-asụ Tanala n'ime mpaghara nke Vatovavy-Fitovinany . 

## Okwu
Asụsụ Kelo

**Kelo** bụ asụsụ Naịl-Sahara na-anwụ anwụ nke Ndị Tornasi na Sudan na-asụ.

Ụdị dị iche iche nwere njikọ chiri anya nke a na-akpọ Beni Sheko bụ Bender (1997) depụtara ya.[1] Ndị ọkà okwu Beni Sheko na-ewere onwe ha dị ka akụkụ nke otu agbụrụ dị ka ndị na-asụ Kelo (Bender 1997: 190).

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Kelo basic lexicon na Global Lexicostatistical Database
Asụsụ Keiga Jirru

**Keiga Jirru** bụ asụsụ Sudan nke ọwụwa anyanwụ a na-asụ na ugwu Nuba nke Sudan.

Enweghị ndepụta ọ bụla na Ethnologue ma ọ bụ Glottolog, ebe e weere ya dị ka olumba nke asụsụ Tese.

## Ihe odide

* Asụsụ ndị na-adịghị mma (Roger Blench 2007)  

## Njikọ mpụga

* Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Doni dị na Global Lexicostatistical Database
Asụsụ Kerewe

**Kerewe**, ma ọ bụ **Kerebe**, bụ Asụsụ Bantu nke Tanzania, nke a na-asụ na agwaetiti Ukerewe na Lake Victoria, agwaetiti kachasị n'ime ala n'Africa.

Mkpọpụta asụsụ Kerewe machibidoro usoro ụdaume: ọ bụrụ n'usoro ụdaume bilitere na nnochite anya nkebiokwu, usoro a na-aghọ ma ọ bụ ụdaume ogologo ma ọ bụ mmịlị na-esochi ụdaume ogologo n'elu ihe nnọchianya.

## Akwụkwọ
Mgbalị mbụ e mere n’ịsụgharị akwụkwọ nsọ gaa n'asụsụ Kerewe bụ ụfọdụ akụkọ akwụkwọ nsọ n'afịọ 1899, Oziọma okpukpe na 1921 na 1937 na nkwekọ n’Oziọma na 1930. Ọ bụ French Canadian Padri Almas Simard (1907-1954) sitere n’aka ndị Fada White, na-arụkọ ọrụ na ọtụtụ ndị na-asụ asụsụ obodo Kerewe. Nsụgharị a natara imprimatur na 4 October 1945. E bipụtara ya dị ka Omulago Muhya, (Kikahindurwa mu Kikerewe) na White Fathers Mission Press na Bukerewe. 

## Hụkwa

* Ndị Kerewe

## Edensibịa
Asụsụ Tasawaq

**Tasawaq** (aha Tuareg: *Tesăwăq*),  mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọkwa Ingelshi, bụ asụsụ mpalaka Ugwu Songhay *nke ndị Issawaghan ma ọ bụ Ingalkoyyu na-asụ, obodo gbara obodo In-Gall dị na Niger gburugburu.* Ụdị dị iche iche nwere njikọ chiri anya nke a na-akpọ Emghedeshie ka a na-asụ na Agadez mana ugbu a anwụọla.

Ọ na-ekerịta ụfọdụ myirịta na asụsụ Berber, dịka ọmụmaatụ. Tamasheq. Dịka ọmụmaatụ n'asụsụ abụọ ahụ, okike grammatical okike nke aha bụ nwanyị ma ọ bụrụ na ọ malite na mechie na mkpụrụedemede T.

## Ebensidee

# *Ritter, Georg (2009). Wörterbuch zur Sprache und Kultur der Twareg II Deutsch-Twareg. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. p. 735.*
# Michael J. Rueck; Niels Christiansen. Asụsụ Northern Songhay na Mali na Niger, nyocha gbasara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ọdịda Anyanwụ Ụwa (1999).
# Catherine Taine-Cheikh. [Les langues parlées au sud Sahara et au nord Sahel ]. De l'Atlantique à l'Ennedi (Catalogue de l'exposition « Sahara-Sahel »), Center Culturel Français d'Abidjan (Ed.) (1989) 155–173
Songhoyboro Ciine

**Songhoyboro Ciine** ma ọ bụ **Songhay Ciiné** ([soŋojborotʃiːné] ma ọ bụ [soŋajtʃiːné]) bụ olumba dị elu nke olumba ndịda Songhay nke Niger.. A na-asụkarị ya n'akụkụ ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke mpaghara Tillaberi Niger, mpaghara a maara dị ka Songhay: site na Gorouol, obodo dị n'ókè ya na Mali, gbadara obodo Tera, Anzourou, Namari Goungou na Say.

N'ihi nghọtarịta dị elu nke nwere n'asụsụ Zarma a ma ama na Niamey, ọ na-abụkarị ndị na-asụ Songhoyboro Ciine na-eji okwu "Zarma" na "Songhay" na-agbanwe agbanwe mgbe ha na-ekwu maka asụsụ ha.   Otú ọ dị, Songhoyboro Ciine aghọtachaghị ya na olumba Koyraboro Senni Songhai nke Gao na Mali.. Ụfọdụ na-eji okwu Peulh "kado" (nke pụtara; "onye ala ọzọ") na-ekwu okwu n'olumba a n'agbanyeghị na ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na-asụ olumba na-ele ya anya na ọ dị mkpa.

## Ebensidee
Asụsụ Tetserret

**Tetseret** (Tin-Sert) bụ asụsụ Western Berber nke agbụrụ Ait-Awari na Kel Eghlal Tuareg nke ọgbakọ Akoubounou (Akabinu) na Niger na-asụ. Mpaghara isi okwu a dị n'etiti Abalak, Akoubounu na Shadwanka.[2] Ụdị dị iche iche nke Kel Eghlal na-asụ ka a na-akpọ taməsəɣlalt. A na-eji Tamasheq dakọtara šin-sart / šin-sar / tin-sar n'akwụkwọ ụfọdụ ochie.[3] Nghọta ama ama n'etiti ụfọdụ Ait-Awari na-enweta aha tet-serret, yana Tamasheq dakọtara šin-sart, site na okwu pụtara '(asụsụ) nke Sirte'.[4]

## Asụsụ
Tetseret bụ otu n'ime asụsụ Berber ikpeazụ a ghọtara dị ka ihe dị iche. N'ihe dị ka afọ 1981, Bernus mesoro Tetseret dị ka olumba nke Tuareg.  ụfọdụ isi mmalite ọbụna na-agbagwoju ya anya na asụsụ Northern Songhay. na ụfọdụ akwụkwọ mbụ gbagwojuru ya anya na asụsụ Northern Songhay.

Tetseret bụ naanị asụsụ Berber dị ndụ iji soro Zenaga nke Mauritania kerịta ọtụtụ mgbanwe ụda.. [7] O nwekwara okwu ndị na-abụghị Tuareg a na-ahụ n'asụsụ Berber ndị ọzọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, afagan (nwoke) yiri Shilha na Central Atlas Tamazight nke Morocco; ayddid (akpa akpụkpọ ewu maka mmiri) yiri Ghadames nke Libya; na awdoš (ox) na-echeta Hassaniya Arabic.

Ndị niile na-asụ Tetseret bụ asụsụ abụọ n'asụsụ Tawellemmet, nke emetụtala asụsụ ha. [9] N'ihe dị ka n'afọ 2011, a naghịzi agwa Tetseret na ụmụaka, ya mere ọ dị ka ọ dị ize ndụ.[10]

Asụsụ ahụ nwere ọkwa ụfọdụ n'ime obodo ya, dị ka ngwá ọrụ nke ịgbasa okpukpe, dịka ọ bụ 'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mmehie ịghara ikwu ya', Asụsụ ahụ nwere ugwu ụfọdụ n'obodo ya, dịka ngwá ọrụ iji gbasaa okpukpere chi, dịka 'ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mmehie ịghara ikwu ya' ọ na-esiri ike ịtụle ọnụọgụ ndị na-asụ 'ezi', n'ihi na ọ bụ nnukwu ihere na-adịghị ekwu ya n'ime obodo, na-eduga na ndị na-aza ajụjụ na-ekwubiga okwu ókè banyere asụsụ ha. [11][9]

## Akwụkwọ

* Drouin, Jeannine 1984. Ihe ọhụrụ nke sociolinguistics Tuareg. Asụsụ ndịda Naijiria, *tamasaghlalt*. Paris Groupe Linguistique d'Études Chamito-Sémitiques, G.L.E.C.S.,XXIV-XXVIII (1979-1984), Geuthner, peeji nke 507-520.&nbsp;
*  
* Khamed Attayoub, Abdoulmohamine. Okwu nke njem n'etiti ndị Tuareg Ayttawari Seslem. Ihe ole na ole na-asụ asụsụ *teterrét*. Na ed. H. Claudot-Hawad, Voyager site n'echiche nke onye na-akwagharị akwagharị. Paris: Éditions Paris-Méditérranée, peeji nke 159-166.&nbsp;
*  
*  

## Ebensidee
Asụsụ Kuvale

**Kuvale** bụ asụsụ ndịda Bantu a na-asụ na Angola, n'etiti nnukwu ebe a na-asụ Umbundu. A na-ewere ya dịka olumba nke Herero; Otú ọ dị, Maho (2009) ebufela ya site na mpaghara Bantu R.30 gaa na mpaghara R.10, nke gụnyere Umbundu na asụsụ ole na ole.[1] Ngendelengo nwere ike ịbụ asụsụ dị iche.

## Ebensidee

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* Fehn (2019). "Kuvale: Asụsụ Bantu nke ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Angola". Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke asụsụ Africa na asụsụ 40 (2): 235–270. DOI: 10.1515/jall-2019-0010.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Ntụnyere nke Ụdị Okwu Ise nke Southwestern Angola". Mba: Akwụkwọ akụkọ nyocha asụsụ. Akụkọ nyocha eletrọnịkị SIL 2015-017 (2016)
Asụsụ Ndombe

**Ndombe** (Dombe) bụ asụsụ Bantu nke Angola. Ọ bụ Guthrie kenyere ya na otu Bantu R.10, nke ewezuga Umbundu Pfouts (2003) hiwere dịka akụkụ nke ngalaba Ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Kavango– nke Bantu.. N'agbanyeghị na ekwughị ya kpọmkwem, Ndombe nwekwara ike ịnọ na ngalaba ahụ.

Ọ nweghị ọkọlọtọ ụdị Ndombe  ma ọ bụ usoro ederede guzosiri ike 

## Ebensidee

# Nurse & Phillipson 2003
# 
#
Ndonga

**Ndonga,** nke a na-akpọkwa **Oshindonga**, bụ olumba Bantu a na-asụ na Namibia na akụkụ nke Angola. Ọ bụ olumba ahaziri ahazi nke asụsụ Ovambo, yana Kwanyama nwere nghọta, olumba Ovambo nke ọzọ nwere ụdị ederede ọkọlọtọ. Ebe e nwere ndị na-asụ asụsụ 810,000, asụsụ a nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ kasịnụ nke ndị na-asụ asụsụ Namibia. 

Martti Rautanen sụgharịrị Baịbụl n’asụsụ Ndonga. Malite n’ọrụ ya n’afọ 1885, o bipụtara Agba Ọhụrụ n'afọ 1903, ma o were ruo n’afọ 1920 ka ọ gụchaa Agba Ochie. Nsụgharị Bible ya ghọrọ ihe ndabere nke ụdị Ndonga a haziri ahazi

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
 

### Mkpụrụedemede
Oshindonga na-eji usoro ụdaume ise:

### Mkpụrụ okwu
Oshindonga nwere ụdaume ndị a:

A na-edepụta ụda ndị a na-akpọ Prenasalized n'okpuru ebe a:

* [m̥p], [mb], [ɱv], [n̥θ], [nð], [n̥ʃ], [n̥t], [nd], [nz], [n̥ts], [ŋk], [ŋɡ]

Oshindonga nwekwara ọtụtụ ogige consonant ndị ọzọ, edepụtara n'okpuru:

* [m̥pʰ], [n̥tʰ], [n̥kʰ], [m̥pʰw], [n̥tʰw], [n̥kʰw], [n̥dz], [n̥tsʰ], [ndʒ], [xw], [tsʼ] (ụda), [ụda, ejedeʲctive] palatalized, labio-alveolar afficate)

### Ụda ụda
Oshidonga nwere ụda abụọ: elu na ala.

## Ebensidee

# Namiweb.com. Namibweb.com. Edebere ya na mbụ na 2013-02-13. eweghachiri na 2013-03-16.

* Fivaz (2003). Ntụtụaka Grammar nke Oshindonga, 2, Windhoek: Ndị na-ebi akwụkwọ si n'Africa.

## Njikọ mpụga
 

* Ndonga
Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Morocco Arabic

**Ọwụwanyawụ [[Morocco]] Arabic** ma ọ bụ **Oujda Darija** bụ asụsụ na-aga n'ihu nke Hilalian Arabic, nke a na-asụkarị n'ógbè Oujda na akụkụ nke mpaghara Ọwụwa Anyanwụ nke Morocco.

## Hụkwa

* Arabic nke Morocco

## Ihe odide

# M. El Himer, Zones linguisticques du Maroc arabophone : kọntaktị na effets à Salé, na: N'etiti Atlantic na Indian Ocean,Ọmụmụ ihe na Arabic nke oge a, 7th AIDA Conference, 2006, nke e mere na Edere Vienna 2015-04-13 na Wayback Machine
# M. El Himer, Variations linguistiques de l’arabe marocain: de la démarcation régionale à la neutralization urbaine(anaghị ebipụta) Edekọbara 2015-04-13 na Wayback Machine
# S. Elbaz, « La subordination en arabe d'Oujda », Arabica, No.28, 1981, n.333-344.
# P. Behnstedt & M. Benabbou, « Données nouvelles sur les parlers arabes du nord-est marocain », Zeitschrift für arabische Linguistik, n.44, 2005, p.17-70.
Mararit

**Asụsụ Mararite** bụ asụsụ Taman nke ngalaba ọwụwa anyanwụ Sudan nke a na-asụ na ọwụwa anyanwụ Chad na ọdịda anyanwụ Sudan. Enwere olumba abụọ, Ibiri na Abou Charib, nke Blench (2006) gụrụ dị ka asụsụ dị iche iche. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-asụ olumba Abou Charib. A kọrọ na Mararit na Tama na Sungor enweghị nghọta n'agbanyeghị na ọ bụ akụkụ nke otu asụsụ Taman. &#x5B;**&#x5D;

Ndị Mararit bi na Argid Mararit, Abid Mararit, mpaghara Wadah, Donkey Kuma, Sani Kiro, na North Darfur State; na mpaghara Silala na South Darfur State na Gienena Province na West Darfur State. Talgai, Mirakawi, Wilkawi, na Tirgawi bụ ebo nke ndị Mararit.

## Asụsụ
E nwere olumba atọ dị ka Rilly si kwuo (2010:175): 

* Mararit kwesịrị ekwesị (autonyms: Ibiri, Abiri, Abiyi, Ebiri), spoken in Am Dam District, Chad. Obere nta gbasasịa na Sudan. Asụsụ ndị agbata obi bụ Tama, nke a na-asụ n’ebe ugwu, na Sungor, nke a na-asụ na ndịda.
* *Abu Sharib*, nke a na-asụ na nso Biltine, n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Mararit n'onwe ya. Ọ bụ ihe a na-aghọta site na Mararit n'onwe ya.
* *Darnut*, nke Edgar kọrọ (1991) 

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Mararit (Ibiri) akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu bụ isi na Global Lexicostatistical Database
Asụsụ dị n'asụsụ Tanosy

Tanosy bụ asụsụ nke Malagasy nke ndị bụ ndị Tanosy na-asụ n'ime ọwụwa -ọdịda Madagascar . 

## Nchịkọta
Asụsụ Tanosy so na otu n'ime asụsụ ezinụlọ ọstroneshian yana akụkụ obere otu Malagasy.

## Ebe a na-ekesa ya
Ana asụ Tanosy na mpaghara Anosy ma bụrụkwa asụsụ amara ama na mba nke Fort-Dauphin . 

## Okwu

## Ihe odide
Asụsụ ndịda Malayo-polynesian 
Asụsụ nke Madagascar
Asụsụ Tumtum

**Tumtum** bụ asụsụ Nilo-Saharan nke alaka ụlọ ọrụ Kadu a na-asụ na South Kordofan, Sudan. Olumba bụ Karondi (Kurondi, Korindi), Talassa, na Tumtum kwesịrị ekwesị..

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Tumtum na Global Lexicostatistical Database
Bonding Dogon

**Asụsụ Bondum**, Bondum Dom, bụ asụsụ Dogon a na-asụ na Mali. Ọ kacha nso Dogul Dogon, n'agbanyeghị na ezughi oke maka inwe nghọta. Olumba bụ Kindjim na Nadjamba.

## Ebensidee

## Ebe e si nweta ya

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Nnyocha nke asụsụ Dogon na Mali: Nchịkọta". OGMIOS: Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Ntọala maka asụsụ ndị nọ n'ihe egwu. 3.02 (26): 14–15. E nwetara ya na 2011-06-30..Blench (2005). "Nnyocha nke asụsụ Dogon na Mali: nkọwa". OGMIOS: Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke ntọala maka asụsụ dị ize ndụ 3.02 (26): 14–15. eweghachiri na 2011-06-30.
* Hochsetteler (2004). Nnyocha mmekọrịta ọha na eze nke Mpaghara Asụsụ Dogon. Ụlọ ọrụ SIL International. eweghachiri na 2011-06-30.
Asụsụ Tano

Asụsụ ndị **Potou-Tano** ma ọ bụ **Potou-Akanic**   bụ naanị nnukwu alaka nke Ezinụlọ Kwa. Stewart bụ ndị sọ n'ụzọ ụfọdụ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme na 1989 na 2002. 

## Asụsụ
Alaka Potou nwere obere asụsụ abụọ nke Ivory Coast, Ebrié na Mbato. Alaka Tano gụnyere asụsụ ndị isi nke SE Ivory Coast na ndịda Ghana, Baoulé na Akan.
 

## Hụkwa

## Edensịbia

## Mpụga njikọ
Asụsụ Shi

**Shi**, ma ọ bụ **Nyabungu**, bụ Asụsụ Bantu nke Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Ndị na-asụ Mashi bụ Bashi. Ha bụ ebo kacha ukwuu na South Kivu, nke isi obodo ya bụ Bukavu.

Ndị Bashi bi na mpaghara buru ibu nke a maara dị ka Bushi. Dị ka Ngweshe, Kabare, Katana, Luhuinja, Burhinyi, Kaziba, Nyengezi, na Idjui ebe ndị Bahavu bụ ndị sokwa n'òtù a bi; Idjui bụ nnukwu agwaetiti dị na ọdọ mmiri Kivu dị n'etiti DRC na Rwanda.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụ okwu

* A na-anụkarị ụda /t, d, n/ dị ka ezé [t̪, d̪, n̪].
* /d͡ʒ/ nwekwara ike ịnụ dị ka fricative [ʒ].

### Mkpụrụedemede

## Ihe odide
Asụsụ Ibino

**Ibono** (a makwaara dị ka **Ibono-Obolo** ma ọ bụ Obolo ma ọ bụ **Ibeno**), bụ asụsụ Lower Cross River nke Nigeria. A na-asụ ya na Ibeno LGA nke Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.

## Hụkwa

* Ndị Obolo

## Ihe odide
Asụsụ Mandara

**Mandara**, makwaara dị ka **Tabar**, bụ asụsụ Austronesian a na-asụ na Tabar Group of Islands, New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea. Achọpụtala olumba atọ, Simberi, Tatau na Tabar, dabara na agwaetiti atọ dị na otu ahụ.[1][2] N’oge na-adịbeghị anya, [olee mgbe?] onye ozi ala ọzọ Koria mere akwụkwọ ozi Mandara ede. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ihe dị ka mmadụ 3,000 maara akwụkwọ n’ụdị Mandara a, e bipụtawokwa Bible na ya.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
Asụsụ Simberi-Northern Tatau nwere ụdaume 14 na ụdaume 7 . Asụsụ ahụ nwere usoro mkpụrụedemede anọ: V, CV, VC na CVC. : 8 

### Mkpụrụ okwu

* /p/, /t/ na /k/ bụ ndị na-adịghị aspirated. : 9 : 9 

### Nchegbu
Mpịakọta ikpeazụ nke okwu na-enweta nrụgide. Enweghị ihe akaebe nke nrụgide ụda ụda.Hong, Steven; Hong, Holly (2003). "Grammar Essentials of the Mandara Language of New Ireland Province". *www.language-archives.org*. Retrieved 2025-02-28.: 9 

## Ihe odide
Asụsụ ndị dị na Rwanda

[thumb|350x350px| Ihe ngosi mkpọsa megide [HIV/AIDS|Ọrịa AIDS na Bekee, Rwanda]]
Kinyarwanda is the national language of Rwanda, and the first language of almost the entire population of the country. It is one of the country's official languages alongside French, English, and Swahili.

French abụrụla asụsụ nchịkwa site n'oge obodo ahụ n'okpuru ọchịchị Belgium, n'etiti Agha Ụwa Mbụ na nnwere onwe na 1962. Kemgbe mgbukpọ nke 1994, mgbagwoju anya nke mmekọrịta na ọchịchị ndị France na-esote na nloghachi nke ọtụtụ ndị Tutsi gbara ọsọ ndụ site na anglophone Uganda pụtara mmụba na ojiji nke Bekee site na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ndị mmadụ na nchịkwa.

N'afọ 2008, gọọmentị gbanwere usoro mmụta site na French gaa na Bekee.[1] Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2018 gọọmentị Rwanda ewebatala French dị ka klaasị asụsụ mba ofesi n'ogo ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị, ndị otu klaasị elu ka na-eji French eme ihe. Otu ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Rwanda, Antoine Mugesera, kwuru na a ka na-eji French eme ihe n'etiti ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ, ma a na-eji Kinyarwanda eme ihe gbasara isiokwu na ozi ndị dị mfe.[2] A na-ewere Bekee ugbu a dị ka asụsụ mbụ n'etiti asụsụ mba ọzọ ndị ọzọ.

Ụfọdụ ndị na-eji Swahili eme ihe, na azụmahịa, a na-akụzikwara ya dị ka isiokwu n'ụlọ akwụkwọ.

A na-asụ French ntakịrị n'okpuru 6% nke ndị bi na 2012 na Òtù Mba Nile de la Francophonie.[1] A kọrọ na 15% nke ndị bi na 2009 na-asụ Bekee, n'agbanyeghị na otu akụkọ ahụ chọpụtara na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-asụ French bụ 68%.[2] A na-asụ Swahili ihe na-erughị 1%.

Ndị bi n'Agwaetiti Nkombo nke Rwanda na-asụ Mashi, asụsụ nwere njikọ chiri anya na Kinyarwanda.

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ọnọdụ asụsụ nke Rwanda (n'asụsụ French)
* Ntakirutimana, Évariste (National University of Rwanda). "Onye France nọ na RWANDA" (Archive). Mahadum nke Nice.
* Steflja, Isabela "Ihe na-efu na ihe si na ya pụta nke mgbanwe asụsụ nke Rwanda" (Archive). Africa Initiative. 31 Mee 2012.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Ihe mere Rwanda ji sị adieu na French" (Archive). *The Guardian*. Fraịde 16 Jenụwarị 2009.
Asụsụ Nyimang

**Nyimang**, nke a makwaara dị ka **Ama**, bụ asụsụ Sudan nke ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ndị Nyimang bụ otu n'ime ndị Nuba na-asụ n'Ugwu Nuba nke Sudan..

A na-asụ ya na Al Fous, Fuony, Hajar Sultan, Kakara, Kalara, Koromiti, Nitil, Salara, Tundia, na obodo ndị ọzọ (Ethnologue, mbipụta 22nd).

Rilly (2010:182) depụtara ụdị abụọ na-enweghị nghọta, Ama na Mandal.[1] Blench depụtara olumba Mandal iche iche.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụ okwu

* A na-anụ /s/ dị ka [ʃ] mgbe ọ na-esote ụdaume ihu.
* /l/ nwere ike ịnụ dị ka retroflex mgbe ọ na-esote ụdaume ihu.
* A pụkwara ịnụ /f/ dị ka bilabial n'efu.

### Mkpụrụedemede

* /i, u/ nwere ike ịnụ dị ka [ɪ, ʊ] n'ọnọdụ lax.
* /o/ nwere ike ịnwe allophone nke [ɵ] mgbe ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ nke / Islam/ . 

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ama akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu bụ isi na Global Lexicostatistical Database
Ụdọ

Yarn bụ nchịkọta eri ma ọ bụ eriri, gbagọrọ agbagọ ma ọ bụ dụkọta ọnụ ka ọ bụrụ nnukwu ọdịdị siri ike maka ojiji. Eriri ahụ nwere ike dị elu ma enwere ike iji ya dọkpụrụ, ibuli na ihe ndị ọzọ. Ụdọ dị arọ ma sie ike karịa ụdọ, eriri, na eriri a rụrụ n'ụzọ yiri nke ahụ.
Asụsụ Pökoot

**Pökoot** (nke a makwaara dị ka Pokot, Päkot, Pökot, na akwụkwọ ochie dị ka Suk) bụ asụsụ ndị Pokot na-asụ na ọdịda anyanwụ Kenya na ọwụwa anyanwụ Uganda. Nkewa Pökoot na mpaghara ugwu nke asụsụ Kalenjin dị na Kenya, Uganda na Tanzania. Ndị Kalenjin ndị ọzọ na-akpọkarị Pökoot "Kimukon". Ọnụ ọgụgụ SIL nke 1994 na-etinye ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-ekwu okwu na 264,000, ebe ọ bụ naanị Schladt na-adịbeghị anya (1997:40) na-enye atụmatụ mgbanwe mgbanwe nke mmadụ 150,000, ma eleghị anya dabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị dị na Rottland (1982:26) bụ ndị na-etinye ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ntakịrị karịa 1.15.

Mpaghara Pökoot dị n'akụkụ ugwu site n'asụsụ Karimjong Eastern Nilotic. Turkana, asụsụ Nilotic ọzọ dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ, dị n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ. N'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, a na-asụ asụsụ Maa Samburu na Camus (nke dị n'Ọdọ Mmiri Baringo), na n'ebe ndịda, a na-achọta asụsụ Kalenjin ndị ọzọ Tugen na Markweta, bụ ndị na-egosi mmetụta dị ukwuu site na Pökoot.

## Ihe odide

* Schladt, Matthias (1997) *Kognitive Strukturen von Körperteilvokabularien na Kenianischen Sprachen* (Afrikanistische Monographien mpịakọta nke 8). Köln: Institut für Afrikanistik / Universität zu Köln. * (nke e dere n'akwụkwọ ahụ bụ peeji nke 40-42) &nbsp;*
Asụsụ Runyakitara

**Runyakitara<sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="77" href="./Uganda" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Uganda">Uganda's 'New' Languagequot;},quot;journalquot;:{quot;wtquot;:quot;Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Developmentquot;},quot;volumequot;:{quot;wtquot;:quot;19quot;},quot;issuequot;:{quot;wtquot;:quot;2quot;},quot;pagesquot;:{quot;wtquot;:quot;93–107quot;},quot;doiquot;:{quot;wtquot;:quot;10.1080/01434639808666345quot;},quot;issnquot;:{quot;wtquot;:quot;0143-4632quot;}},quot;iquot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwbw\">nbsp;"}}" id="cite_ref-4" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Runyakitara_language#cite_note-4 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket"></span></span>]</sup>** [1] Runyakitara[1] bụ asụsụ ahaziri ahazi dabere na asụsụ anọ nwere njikọ chiri anya nke ọdịda anyanwụ Uganda:

* Nyoro ma ọ bụ ''Runyoro''
* Kiga (Chiga) ma ọ bụ 
* Nkore ma ọ bụ ''Runyankole''
* Tooro ma ọ bụ 

Jouni Filip Maho's 2009 New Updated Guthrie List Online na-akpọ ya Asụsụ aka mere,  ebe Ethnologue na-akpọ ọ "standardized" na "hybrid". 

Faculty of Computing na IT, Mahadum Makerere tụgharịrị asụsụ Google na Kitara na February 2010. A na-ejikwa ya na akwụkwọ akụkọ Orumuri, nke New Vision Group bipụtara.

## Hụkwa

* Nyoro-Tooro
* Nkore-Kiga
* Asụsụ Rutara

## Ihe odide

## Akwụkwọ Ndị Dị Mkpa

* Ọgba aghara, James 2007. *Entanda y'omugambi w'Orunyankore-Rukiga.* Kampala, Uganda: Ndị na-ebipụta Fountain. [nchịkọta ilu, edere akwụkwọ dum n'asụsụ ahụ, na-enweghị Bekee]

## Njikọ mpụga
Asụsụ Bari

**Bari** bụ asụsụ Nilotic nke ndị Karo, nke a na-asụ na nnukwu mpaghara Central Equatoria steeti na South Sudan, n'ofe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke Uganda, na banye na Democratic Republic of Congo.

Ndị agbụrụ dị iche iche na-asụ Bari: ndị Bari n'onwe ha, ndị Pojulu, Kakwa, Nyangwara, Mundari, na Kuku. Onye ọ bụla nwere olumba nke ya. Ya mere a na-akpọ asụsụ ahụ mgbe ụfọdụ Karo ma ọ bụ Kutuk ('asụsụ nne') karịa Bari.

Bari bụ asụsụ ụda. O nwere ndakọrịta ụdaume, isiokwu-ngwaa–usoro okwu ihe, yana ụdị okwu ngwa ngwa agglutinative nwere ngwunye ụfọdụ. E bipụtara akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu na ụtọ asụsụ tozuru oke n'afọ ndị 1930, mana ọ siri ike ịchọta taa. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, e bipụtala akwụkwọ nta akụkọ na ụda ụda ụda Bari, ma akwụkwọ edemede ọzọ na syntax Bari dị.

## Asụsụ
Asụsụ ndị a bụ:

* Bari n'onwe ya (Beri) 
* Pöjulu (Pajulu, Fadjulu, Fa, Madi天使) 
* Kakwa (Kakua, Kwakwak) [mgbasa ozi redio na Uganda]
* Nyangbara (Nyangwara, Nyambara) 
* Mandari (Mondari, Mundari, Chir, Kir, Shir) 
* Kuku
* Nyepu (Nyefu, Nyepo, Nypho, Ngyepu) 
* Ligo (Liggo) 

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụ okwu
Tebụl a dabeere na Spagnolo (1933). 

* /ɟ/ nwekwara ike ịnụ dị ka affricate [dʒ] n'efu.
* 

### Mkpụrụedemede
Bari na ndị ikwu ha, ndị Kakwa, nwere usoro ụdaume dị elu. 

## Orthography
Ndị Bari, Kakwa, Pojulu, na Kuku na South Sudan na-eji mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Bari. E nwere digraphs anọ, ʼB, ʼD, ʼY na Ny, na mkpụrụedemede eng, Ŋ.

## Ihe odide

### Ihe Ndị e dere n'ozuzu

# Asụsụ Bari, Sudan Nke mbụ: Sillabari Ko Kutuk Na Bari. Ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi Katọlik. Juba, Sudan
# Owen, R.C.R. Bari ụtọ asụsụ na okwu. 1908. OCLC: 25040516
# Spagnolo, Lorenzo M. Bari ụtọ asụsụ. 1933. Verona, African Mission. OCLC: 34898784
# [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] *Osimiri Nilotes nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ.  (Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik, 9.) *. 1982. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer.
# Yokwe, Eluzai *Asụsụ ụda nke Bari.* Akwụkwọ edemede doctoral, Mahadum Illinois na Urbana-Champaign. 1987.

## Njikọ mpụga

* Kwak Kitapwaset The Book of Common Prayer in Bari (1953) 
* https://web.archive.org/web/20090215100524/http://www.openroad.net.au/asụsụ/african/
Soni Razdan

**Soni Mahesh Bhatt** (amụrụ na 25 Ọktoba 1956), nke a maara dịka **Soni Razdan**, bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye nduzi ihe nkiri nke Britain na-arụ ọrụ na Ihe nkiri asụsụ Hindi nke India. O guzobere onwe ya dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri na 1980s na mmalite 1990s. Ọ bụ onye natara ọtụtụ otuto, gụnyere otu ITA Award, na mgbakwunye na nhọpụta Filmfare Award.

Akụkụ nke Ezinụlọ Bhatt nke ihe nkiri India. O mere ihe nkiri mbụ ya dị ka Rosemary na *36 Chowringhee Lane* (1981). Ọganihu ya bịara na ihe nkiri *Saaransh* (1984), na-enweta nhọpụta maka Bengal Film Journalists' Association Award maka Best Actress na Filmfare Award maka Best Supporting Actress. Razdan nwetara nkwado ọhụrụ mgbe ọ pụtara na ihe nkiri Canada, Such a Long Journey (1998). Ọrụ ndị ọzọ a ma ama nke Razdan gụnyere *Mandi* (1983), *Trikal* (1985), *Khamosh* (1985), Such a Long Journey (1998), *Raazi* (2018), na Yours Truly (2018). Razdan emeela ọtụtụ usoro OTT gụnyere, The Verdict - State vs Nanavati (2019), Out of Love (2019), This Way Up (2019), na Call My Agent: Bollywood (2021).

## Oge ọ malitere
A mụrụ Soni Razdan  na 25 Ọktoba 1956   na mpaghara Small Heath nke Birmingham, England n'aka Ndị Britain nke sitere na German, Gertrude Hoelzer na nna India nke sitere na Kashmiri Pandit, Narendra Nath Razdan. Ọ tolitere na Bombay, India.

Razdan malitere ọrụ ya na ihe nkiri Bekee na John Fowles 'The Collector na ọrụ ya na Hindi na *Bund Darvaze*, Satyadev Dubey's adaptation of Jean Paul Sartre's No Exit. Franco Zeffirelli hụrụ foto ya bụ onye chọrọ itinye ya dị ka Meri na miniseries ya, *Jizọs onye Nazaret*. Otú ọ dị, e nyere Olivia Hussey ọrụ ahụ ma mee Razdan dị ka nne na-eru uju na-eto eto yana ịpụta dị ka onye ọzọ na ihe nkiri ndị ọzọ.

## Ihe nkiri

### Ihe nkiri

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
* Soni RazdannaBollywood Hungama
Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Asụsụ nke Togo

thumb|280x280px|Map na-egosi nkesa nke asụsụ Gbe dị iche iche.  (mgbe Capo 1988 gasịrị)
Togo bụ mba na-asụ ọtụtụ asụsụ, nke dị ka otu ọnụ ọgụgụ si kwuo nwere asụsụ iri anọ na anọ a na-asụrụ.Asụsụ obodo bụ French. N’afọ 1975, gọọmenti họpụtara asụsụ abụọ nke ụmụ amaala—Ewé (Ewe: Èʋegbe) na Kabiyé—dị ka asụsụ mba, nke pụtara na a na-akwalite ha n’agụmakwụkwọ na mgbasa ozi. A na-ejikarị asụsụ obodo abụọ ahụ eme ihe na mpaghara ebe Ewé na-eji na ndịda site na Lomé ruo Blitta, yana Kabiyé sitere na Blitta ruo Dapaong n'ebe ugwu.   &#x5B;**&#x5D;

Togo bụ mba na-asụ French, ebe, ka ọ na-erule afọ 2024, nde mmadụ 3.913 (41.12%) n'ime nde mmadụ 9.515 na-asụrụ French.

Togo sonyeere Commonwealth na June 2022. Tupu nnabata ya na Nzukọ Ọchịchị Ọchịchị Commonwealth 2022, Mịnịsta Ofesi Robert Dussey kwuru na ya na-atụ anya ka ndị otu Commonwealth na-enye ohere maka ụmụ amaala Togo ịmụ asụsụ Bekee wee nweta akụrụngwa mmụta na ọdịnala ọhụrụ. Ọ gbakwụnyere na obodo ahụ chọrọ "ịmekọrịta mmekọrịta chiri anya na ụwa anglophone..

## Ihe odide

* French na Togo: a ambigüe aventure, Isabelle Anzorge, Mahadum Nice, 1998.


## Njikọ mpụga
Asụsụ Wudu

**Wudu** bụ asụsụ a na-asụ na mba Togo. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke asụsụ na-aga n'ihu nke na-agụnye Ewe na Gen.

## Edemsibịa
Asụsụ Iramba

**Iramba**, nke a makwaara dị ka **Nilamba** (enweghị ihe dị iche n'etiti  na ) bụ Asụsụ Bantu nke ndị Nilamba na Ndị Iambi nke Iramba District na Singida Region nke Tanzania na-asụ.

Iambi 50,000 na-asụ olumba dị iche iche, mgbe ụfọdụ edepụtara dị ka asụsụ dị iche. N'aka nke ọzọ, a na-etinye asụsụ Isazu mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka olumba.

## Ụdị aha dị iche iche
Ụdị aha ahụ na-abịa na enweghị nganiihu ni- ma ọ bụ i-, yana iki- (Swahili ki-) dị ka prefix-klas maka 'asụsụ', na mgbanwe nke r ~ l ~ ly na mgbọrọgwụ. Nke a na-ebute ọtụtụ ụdị dị elu, gụnyere Nilamba, Niramba, Nilyamba, Nyilamba, Ikinilamba, Ikiniramba, Ilamba, Iramba, Kinilamba, Kiniramba; enwekwara Nilambari.

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Nilamba na Global Lexicostatistical Database
Asụsụ Haya

**Haya** (Oruhaya) bụ asụsụ Bantu nke ndị Haya nke Tanzania na-asụ, na ndịda na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke oke osimiri Victoria. Na 1991, e mere atụmatụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-asụ Haya dị 1,200,000 [1] Ndị ikwu ya kacha nso bụ asụsụ Nyambo, ọ nwekwara njikọ chiri anya na asụsụ ndị ọdịda anyanwụ Uganda dị ka Nyoro-Tooro na Nkore-Kiga bụ ndị niile na-etolite otu akpọrọ Rutara.

Maho (2009) kewara JE221 Rashi dị ka onye kacha nso na Haya. O nweghị koodu ISO, mana koodu ISO 639-3 kpuchiri ya.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụ okwu

### Mkpụrụedemede

Mgbe ụdaume dị elu  na-esote ụdaume na-abụghị nke dị elu, a na-aghọta ya dị ka ụda .

### Ụda ụda
Ụda abụọ dị na Haya; elu /v́/ na ala /v̀/ .

## Asụsụ

### Oge a na-akpọ
Haya nwere tenses itoolu. Ndị a bụ ihe na-aga n'ihu ugbu a, ihe na-eme ugbu a, ihe na-eme n'oge gara aga na nke zuru oke, n'akụkụ abụọ n'ọdịnihu na oge atọ gara aga. Ọdịnihu F2 na-ezo aka n'ọdịdị dị anya ebe F1 na-ezo aka n'ọdịnihu dị nso. P1 na-ezo aka n'oge gara aga - ihe ndị mere na mbụ n'ụbọchị, P2 na-ezo aka na ihe ndị mere ụnyaahụ na P3, nke kachasị anya gara aga, na-ezo aka na ihe ndị mere tupu ụnyaahụ.

## Hụkwa

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 1949. Akwụkwọ ntuziaka nke asụsụ Haya. Bukoba (Tanganyika): White Fathers Printing Press.
* Byarushengo, Ernest Rugwa; Duranti, Alessandro; Hyman, Larry M[ichael].  (Ebipụta.)  Ọdịdị ụtọ asụsụ: phonology, ụtọ asụsụ, okwu.  (Southern California oge ụfọdụ akwụkwọ na asụsụ (SCOPIL), nke 6.) Los Angeles: Ngalaba nke Asụsụ, Mahadum nke Southern California. peeji nke 213.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Lusíba, die Sprache der Länder Kisíba, Bugábu, Kjamtwára, Kjánja und Ihángiro. Mitteilungen des Seminars für orientalische Sprachen, 7 (III. Abt.), peeji nke 150-200.&nbsp;
* Kaji, Shigeki [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Haị.  (Akwụkwọ nkuzi maka ọzụzụ asụsụ.) Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), Tokyo University of Foreign Studies.
* Kaji, Shigeki 2000. Ha nwere okwu.  (Eshia na African lexicon series, no. 37.) Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), Tokyo University of Foreign Studies. peeji nke 532.  
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 1922. Asụsụ nke asụsụ Hay Boxtel (Holland): Prokuur van de Witte Paters. peeji nke 294.
* Maho, Jouni & Bonny Sands. 2002. *Asụsụ nke Tanzania: akwụkwọ edemede*.  (Orientalia et africana gothoburgensia, No. 17.) Göteborg: Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]   ISBN&nbsp;
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 1912/13. Die Sprache der Baziba na Deutsch-Ostafrika. Zeitschrift für Kolonialsprachen, 3, peeji nke 1-33, 81-123, 201-229.&nbsp;

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* https://web.archive.org/web/20061004195910/http://www.african.gu.se/tanzania/weblinks.html
* http://www.linguistics.berkeley.edu/CBOLD/Docs/TLS.html (Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ a nwere ndepụta okwu Haya.)
Asụsụ Luguru

**Luguru** bụ asụsụ Bantu nke ndị Luguru bi na mpaghara Morogoro na mpaghara Pwani nke Tanzania na-asụ. A na-akpọkwa aha ahụ Lughuru, Lugulu, Ruguru. Ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na Gogo na Zaramo, mana ọ naghị aghọta ya na asụsụ ndị ọzọ.

## Ihe odide

Otú:Northeast Coast Bantu languages
Otú:Languages of Tanzania
Otú:Language articles citing Ethnologue 18
Asụsụ Aringa

**Aringa**, makwaara dị ka **Low Lugbara**, bụ asụsụ Central Sudanic ma ọ bụ olumba ndị Aringa na-asụ na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ Nile nke Uganda. O metụtara asụsụ ndị Lugbara na ndị Maʼdi na-asụ.

A na-ewere Aringa mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka olumba asụsụ Lugbara, [1] oge ndị ọzọ dị ka asụsụ dị iche.[2] Ndị na-asụ Lugbara na Maʼdi weere na Aringa dị ka asụsụ dị iche ma nwee njikọ. Enwere olumba dị iche iche: Andre, Kuluba na Lebati.

## Ntụaka
Asụsụ Pare

Pare (Kipare), nke a makwaara dị ka **Asu** (Casu, Chasu, Athu, Chathu), bụ asụsụ Northeast Coast Bantu nke ndị Pare bi na Tanzania na-asụ.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

Tụkwasị na nke a, Pare na-eme ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụda dị elu na ụda dị ala.

## Ihe odide
Asụsụ Gweno

**Genoa** (kighonu, nye ndị bi na ya) bụ Asụsụ Bantu nke a na-asụ na Ugwu North Pare na mpaghara Kilimanjaro nke Tanzania. Ndị a maara dị ka ndị Gweno (ma ọ bụ karịa *Asu* ) bụ otu agbụrụ na asụsụ Chaga. Ebe ndị Chaga bụ ndị na-asụ Bantu, asụsụ a nakweere nwere olumba ndị yiri nke asụsụ Kenya Kamba. Gweno na-ekekọrịta ihe dịka 54% ruo 56% nke okwu ya na olumba Chaga ndị ọzọ yana 46% jiri olumba Taita. Agbanyeghị, ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke okwu ya anaghị ahụ n'olumba ndị ọzọ.Nakwa na mmalite narị afọ nke 11, ndị Chaga gbadara wee si n'òtù Bantu kwaga ebe ha kwagara na ugwu ugwu Kilimanjaro. Ndị toro eto na-asụkarị asụsụ Gweno taa, ebe ọgbọ ndị na-eto eto abanyela n'Asu na Swahili.[1] Ethnologue na-ewere Gweno ka ọ na-anwụ anwụ; Ethnologue na-ewere Gweno dị ka onye na-anwụ anwụ;  a naghị agafe asụsụ ahụ n'ihi na ụmụaka anaghị ekpughe Gweno kemgbe afọ 1970.  Mgbanwe nke ọgbọ sitere na Gweno gaa na Asu ma ọ bụ Swahili emepụtala mgbanwe n'asụsụ, n'agbanyeghị na ndị na-asụ Gweno anaghị ahụ nke a dị ka ihe iyi egwu.

## Ihe odide

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Kigweno: Msamiati wa Kigweno-Kiswahili-Ki Anglo / Gweno-Swahili-English Lexicon.   ISBN .&nbsp;

## Njikọ mpụga

* Asụsụ Gweno na The Endangered Languages Project
* Usoro ọnụọgụ ndị a chọtara na LingWeb
* Gweno, asụsụ Bantu a na-amaghị nke ọma nke Northern Tanzania
Asụsụ Gorowa

**Gorowa** bụ asụsụ Cushitic a na-asụ na Tanzania na mpaghara Dodoma na Manyara.

A makwaara ya dị ka Fiome, Goroa, Gorwaa, Kimbulu, Ufiomi.

N'ime afọ 2014, ihe dị ka mmadụ 79,000 (ihe dị ka 60% nke ndị agbụrụ) na-asụ asụsụ a kwa ụbọchị. Ndị na-asụ Gorwaa ndị agadi nọ n'ime ime obodo na-enwekarị mmasị n'asụsụ ha ma nyekwa aka n'ọtụtụ data gụnyere egwu, akụkọ ọdịnala, okwu ndị a na-adịghị ahụkebe, wdg. Ụfọdụ na-eji exonym Mbulu (nke sitere na nnukwu obodo Iraqw) na-ekwu na ha na-asụ Kimbulu; Otú ọ dị, nke a ka bụ asụsụ Gorwaa. Ịgbanwe koodu na Swahili bụ ebe niile. Ndị na-eto eto na-ekwu okwu na-etinye aka na akwụkwọ nke Gorwaa abụrụla ndị nchọpụta ma chee na ha nwere ọrụ ahụ.

Ihe atụ nke ederede Gorwaa dị ụkọ, ma gosipụta ọtụtụ mkpụrụedemede na-abụghị ọkọlọtọ. Ọ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị iji orthography nke Iraqw maka nkwurịta okwu ederede Gorwaa.

## Hụkwa

* Ndị Gorowa

## Ihe edeturu

## Njikọ mpụga

* Njikọ na akwụkwọ ELAR nke Gorwaa
* Nkwupụta dị mkpirikpi maka Gorwaa site n'aka Andrew T. Harvey
* Ihe ndekọ nke asụsụ na ọdịbendị sitere n'aka ndị Gorwaa nke Babati
* Gorwaa DoReCo corpus nke Andrew Harvey chịkọtara. Ihe ndekọ ọdịyo nke ederede akụkọ na transcriptions oge-dabere na ọkwa ekwentị, nsụgharị, na oge-dabara morphological annotations.
Asụsụ Haraza

**Haraza** bụ asụsụ ugwu Nubian ekpochapụla nke a maara naanị site na okwu iri na abụọ nke ndị okenye obodo chetara na 1923. A na-asụ ya na Jebel Haraza dị nso na Hamrat el-Wuz (Rilly 2010:166). 

## Ihe odide
Asụsụ Keiga

**Keiga**, **Yega**, ma ọ bụ **Deiga** bụ asụsụ Nilo-Sahara nke alaka Kadu nke a na-asụ na South Kordofan, Sudan. Asụsụ ndị a bụ Demik (Rofik) na Keiga n'onwe ya (Aigang).

Keiga bụ asụsụ VSO. Reh (1994) kama na-eji aha Deiga ma ọ bụ Dayga, na prefix d- kama ebe prefix k-.

## Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ
Stevenson (1956; 1957) akpọrọ asụsụ Keiga na mbụ, ebe a na-asụkarị ya bụ Keiga Timmero, Keiga al-Kheil na Keiga Lubun. Aha obodo maka asụsụ ahụ bụ sani m-aigaŋ 'okwu nke Keiga' (Stevenson 1956: 104). Stevenson (1956: 104) na-ewere ya dị ka ụyọkọ asụsụ nke nwere olumba abụọ, Keiga kwesịrị ekwesị na Demik, yana ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mkpokọta 7,520 na-ekwu okwu (ya na ndị na-atụ ụtụ isi 1,504).

### Obodo nta
A na-asụ Keiga n'ime obodo ndị a dịka mbipụta nke 22 nke Ethnologue si kwuo:

* Obodo Ambong (Àmbóŋ): Obodo Ambung, Ambongadi, Arunekkaadi, Bila Ndulang, Kandang, Kuluwaring, Lakkadi, Roofik, Saadhing, Taffor, na Tingiragadi
* Obodo Lubung (Lùbúŋ): Kuwaik, Miya Ndumuru, Miya Ntaarang, Miya Ntaluwa, Semalili, na Tungunungunu
* Obodo Tumuro (Tʊ̀mʊ̀rɔ̀): Obodo Jughuba, Kayide, Koolo, na Tumuro

Blench (2005) chọpụtara olumba atọ, nke bụ Àmbóŋ, Lùbúŋ, na Tʊ̀mʊ̀rɔ̀.

Obodo nta Àmbóŋ dị ka ndị a: Naanị obodo Taffor, Kantang, Lak ka aati, na Arunek ka aati ka Blench (2005) kọrọ na ha bi. A gbahapụrụ ndị ọzọ n'ihi Agha Obodo Sudan.

Obodo nta Lùbúŋ dị ka ndị a: Naanị Küwëk ka ndị bi.

Obodo nta Tʊ̀mʊ̀rɔ̀ dị ka ndị a: Naanị Koolo bi.

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Keiga dị na Global Lexicostatistical Database
Asụsụ Kadallu

**Kadallu** bụ asụsụ Gumuz nke a na-enwetaghị nke ọma na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Sudan. A maara ya naanị site na ndepụta okwu abụọ dị mkpirikpi. A na-asụ ya na Blue Nile nke dị na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Sudan, na mpaghara Ad-Damazin na Er Roseires gbara ya gburugburu, na dị nnọọ na ndịda-ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke (n'ofe osimiri si) Famaka dị nso na ókè-ala Etiopia.

Dimmendaal et al. rịba ama na "Kadallu (Kadalo) bụ asụsụ a na-asụ na Republic of Sudan nke edepụtara ugbu a dị ka aha ọzọ maka Gumuz na Ethnologue (Simons and Fennig 2017) Otú ọ dị, site n'inyocha ndepụta okwu ndị dị ugbu a (Schuver 1882 na James et al. 1996, Muratori 1955) anyị bụ asụsụ pụrụ iche."  Ndepụta dị mkpirikpi nke okwu ndị Juan Maria Schuver chịkọtara na nso nso a bipụtara ya na akwụkwọ Schuver gbasara njem ya na Sudan-Ethiopia. 

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Asụsụ Bidayat

**Tuba**, bụkwa **Bidayat** (Bideyat), bụ olumba nke asụsụ Zaghawa nke achọtara na Chad na ọdịda anyanwụ Sudan. N'adịghị ka ndị ikwu Zaghawa ha, ndị na-asụ Bidayat na-akwagharị karịa. Ọdịiche a mere ka ndị ọkà mmụta ethnograph mbụ na-akpọ ha dị ka otu dị iche iche ruo mgbe myirịta asụsụ gosipụtara mmekọrịta chiri anya ha.

Onye bụbu onye isi ala Chad, Idriss Déby so n'òtù a site n'akụkụ nne ya.

Minista Late Togou Djimet Guero, Adam Diar Mogodi, Abakar Tolli Lougoum, General Adoum Togoy Abbo Bechibo na nwanne nna ya General Seby Aguid Bechibo so na otu a.

## Ihe edeturu na ntụaka
 

Otú:All articles with unsourced statements
Asụsụ Dair

**Dair** (nke a na-akpọkwa Dabab, Daier, Thaminyi) bụ asụsụ Hill Nubian na-anwụ anwụ nke a na-asụ n'ebe ugwu Ugwu Nuba na ndịda Sudan. Ihe dị ka mmadụ 1,000 na-asụ ya na 1978 na ugwu Jibaal as-Sitta, n'etiti Dilling na Delami.

Dị ka ndepụta okwu nke onye Germany bụ́ onye nchọpụta bụ́ Werner Munzinger si kwuo, n’akwụkwọ ya Ostafrikanische Studien (East African Studies) na 1864, ndị obodo ahụ na-akpọ asụsụ Dair Kuliniri n’oge ahụ.

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Asụsụ Alagwa

**Alagwa** (Alaagwa'isa) bụ asụsụ Cushitic a na-asụ na Tanzania na mpaghara Dodoma .  Ụfọdụ ndị Alagwa agafeela n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ dịka Sandawe.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụ okwu

* A na-ewere ụda /c, ɟ, ɲ/ dị ka ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe, ma ọ bụ na-esikarị na okwu ndị a gbazitere.

### Mkpụrụedemede
Alagwa nwere ụdaume ise /a, e, i, o, u/. Mkpụrụedemede ise ahụ nwere ọdịiche dị ogologo.

### Ụda
Enwere ọkwa ụda abụọ na Alagwa: ụda dị ala na nke dị elu dịka, darimbáa "ahịhịa". Ụda nwere ọrụ ụtọasụsụ yana oke okwu okwu. Otú ọ dị, a pụghị ịkọwa ya dị ka asụsụ ụda n'ihi na ụfọdụ okwu nwere nanị otu ụda (n'agbanyeghị ọnụ ọgụgụ nke syllables) ma ọtụtụ enweghị nke ọ bụla.

Karịsịa, e nwere ụdị ụda olu abụọ: ụda olu na-emechi na nke na-adịghị emechi.

## Asụsụ

### Usoro okwu
Ahịrịokwu Alagwa nwere usoro n'ozuzu ya [Subject X Auxiliary Y Verb Z], na akụkụ nke ahịrịokwu na-abụghị isiokwu pụtara n'ọnọdụ akpọrọ X, Y, na Z, dabere na ọkwa ozi ha na nkebiokwu ahụ. Ihe ọhụrụ na-achọ ịpụta n'ọkwa okwu ọnụ, Z, ebe ozi ochie na-apụta n'ọnọdụ enyemaka mbụ, X.

Ihe atụ na-esonụ (Kiessling 2007:138) na-egosi aha **yaawáa** 'dowry' nke e webatara dị ka ozi ọhụrụ mgbe ngwaa dị na ahịrịokwu mbụ gasịrị ma kwughachi dị ka ozi ochie n'ihu **ningi** enyemaka na ahịrị nke abụọ.
  

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## Akwụkwọ

* Kiesling, Roland 2007. Echiche nke ahịrịokwu ọrụ Alagwa na "ntinye". Ọmụmụ asụsụ Omotic na Cushitic. Akwụkwọ sitere na Nzukọ nke Anọ nke Cushitic Omotic, Leiden, 10-12 Eprel 2003. Nke Azeb Amha, Maarten Mous, Graziano Savà dezigharịrị. Rüdiger Köppe Verlag   ISBN .&nbsp;
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Alaagwa'isa Phonology. Na akwụkwọ Occasional na asụsụ (OPiL), Vol. 3, 82-96
* Ihe na-adọrọ adọrọ, Maarten 2001. Asụsụ Alagwa bụ isi. Na data ọhụrụ na usoro ọhụrụ na asụsụ Afroasiatic. Zaborski, Andrzej (ed.), 125-135. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.
Asụsụ Karko (Sudan)

**Karko** (nke a na-akpọkwa Garko, Kaak, Karme, Kithonirishe; aha onwe ya: *Kakenbi*) bụ asụsụ Hill Nubian nke a na-asụ n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke Ugwu Nuba na ndịda Sudan. Ihe dị ka mmadụ 7,000 na-asụ ya na ugwu Karko, 35 kilomita n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Dilling, gụnyere Dulman, ọ bụ ezie na Jakobi Angelika & Hamdan Ahma na-eme atụmatụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ Karko ruru mmadụ 15,000, ọtụtụ n'ime ha nọ n'obodo ukwu. Ethnologue na-akọ na ndị na-asụ Karko na-agbanwe na Sudanese Arabic.

A na-akpọ asụsụ a na Karko "Kàâŋg" ma ọ bụ "káákmbἑἑ", nke pụtara "asụsụ Karko ́s". Ha dekwara na "Karko bụ akụkụ nke Kordofan Nubian, otu asụsụ nwere njikọ chiri anya nke a makwaara dị ka ugwu Nubian" sitere na ezinụlọ asụsụ Nubian.

## Asụsụ
Karko nwere olumba atọ: Karko, Kasha na Shifir. Na mgbakwunye, ụdị ndị Ilaki na-asụ na Abu Junuk n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ (nke mmadụ 1,000) na ndị Tamang na El Tabaq na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Katla (nke mmadụ 800) nwere ike ịbụ olumba ma ọ bụ asụsụ dị iche iche.

## Mkpụrụedemede
Dị ka Angelika na Ahmad si kwuo, usoro ụdaume nke Karko bụ "a na-eji ihe dị iche iche nke ụdaume asatọ. Ewezuga ụdaume etiti etiti etiti /ǝ/ , nke egosipụtara dị ka ụdaume dị mkpụmkpụ, ụdaume ndị ọzọ niile na-apụta ma mkpụmkpụ na ogologo."

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## Njikọ mpụga

* Tabaq (Karko) DoReCo corpus nke Birgit Hellwig, Gertrud Schneider-Blum na Khaleel Bakheet Khaleel Ismail chịkọtara. Ihe ndekọ ọdịyo nke ederede akụkọ, na transcriptions oge-dabere na ọkwa ekwentị na nsụgharị.