Louis B. Sloan

**Louis B. Sloan** (1932–2008) bụ onye omenkà odida obodo America, onye nkuzi na onye nchekwa. Ọ bụ onye prọfesọ zuru oke nke Black na Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (PAFA), yana onye nchekwa maka agụmakwụkwọ na ihe ngosi nka nke Philadelphia . Ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-ese agbata obi obodo na ebe ndị ọzọ dị n'ime obodo, a kacha mara ya maka ihe osise plein-ikuku ya.

## Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
Louis Baynard Sloan mụrụ na June 28, 1932 na West Philadelphia nye Matthew na Anna Mae Sloan.  Nna ya kwụsịrị ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-arụ ọrụ ụgbọ ala n'oge ịda mbà n'obi ma nyezie piano nkuzi iji zụọ ezinụlọ nke ụmụaka 12 (ọ bụ mba 5). Nne ya bụ nwunye ụlọ nke na-enye nkuzi piano ruo mgbe ezinụlọ ya malitere ito eto. 

Nwanne nwoke nke okenye Sloan Beauford kpalitere mmasị ya na nka mgbe ọ dị obere. Onye nkuzi ya nke isii na Alexander Wilson Elementary School, Oriakụ Cordelia McKrantz, gbara ume eserese ya site n'ịzụta ya mmanụ mmanụ mbụ ya.  "Mkpụrụ mmanụ ahụ bụ ihe kpụziri ndụ m n'ezie, duzie ya ka ọ bụrụ nka," ka o kwuru ọtụtụ afọ ka e mesịrị.  Ọ rere ihe osise mbụ ya mgbe ọ dị afọ 14. 

Otu n'ime ndị ọkachamara ọkachamara ya bụ onye na-ese ihe bụ Julius Bloch, mgbe ahụ, onye nkụzi na PAFA, bụ onye hụrụ ọrụ Sloan na Gimbels Exhibition of Student Art na-egosi ma gbaa ya ume ịga PAFA.   Maka asọmpi ụlọ ahịa nke 1953, eserese mmanụ nke Sloan dị afọ 19 gosipụtara na mgbasa ozi na Philadelphia Inquirer na-ekwupụta ihe ngosi ahụ. 

Onye ọzọ na-akwado ya bụ onye na-ese ihe Jack Bookbinder, onye nduzi nke mmemme nkà maka Ụlọ Akwụkwọ nke Philadelphia, bụ onye gbara ya ume ka ọ na-amụ ihe na Samuel S. Fleischer Art Memorial .   Sloan gara klaasị n'efu na Fleischer; Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ ya bụ ihicha ihe osise nke ụmụ akwụkwọ ọcha.  (Ọ kụziri na Fleischer na 1960.  ) Ọ na-ewerekwa klas eserese na Philadelphia Museum of Art .  

Mgbe Sloan dị afọ 11, ọ nọdụrụ ala maka Bookbinder, bụ onye sere ihe osise ya na-akpọ harmonica akpọrọ "The Spiritual".  O nyere Sloan lithograph nke eserese 1946, mana ọ tụfuru n'ime ọkụ na 1950s. Ọtụtụ afọ ka e mesịrị, Bookbinder nyere ya mbipụta ọzọ o mere na 1969.   Nwatakịrị nwoke na-eme ihe nkiri, Sloan na 1951 sere “foto okike” n'ebe ahụ ka nwa okorobịa ọzọ na-akpọ piano n'oge ihe nkiri a na-eme kwa afọ maka ndị ntorobịa na nka.  N'ememme ngụsị akwụkwọ ya na Ben Franklin High School na 1953, ọ meriri ihe nrite maka ọrụ pụrụ iche na nka.  A na-ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ kacha mma gụchara n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ. 

## Nwa akwụkwọ na Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
Sloan meriri akwukwo iji gaa PAFA.    Ọ ghọrọ nwa akwụkwọ kpakpando na ụlọ akwụkwọ mmuta ahụ, na-enweta ọtụtụ ihe nrite dị ukwuu. Ọ gara PAFA site na 1953 ruo 1957, na-agụsị akwụkwọ na asambodo. Ná mmalite, otu ndị obodo ha na ngalaba ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ nyere ya ego maka ụgbọ ala na ngwongwo. 

## Afọ gafere PAFA
Na mmalite 1960s bụ otu mkpụrụ maka Sloan, onye ghọrọ onye nkuzi oge niile nke PAFA mbụ na 1962.   Ọ nwetakwara ihe nrite nka ndị ọzọ:

1960 - Wilkie Buick Regional ngosi, ihe nrite nke abụọ maka eserese ya "Hillside".   

## Sloan dị ka onye omenkà "Black".
Ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme ojii na onye na-anakọta ihe bụ Lewis Tanner Moore kọwara Sloan dị ka “nnukwu nka nka America”.  Hendricks weere ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe na-enweghị ekele na nke a na-ejighị kpọrọ ihe n'ihi ụdị ọ họọrọ dị ka onye na-ese oji - ọdịdị ala."Louis Sloan bụ onye na-ese ihe a na-amaghị ama nke mere na ọ bụ onye na-ese ihe 'Black Artist' nke na-emeghị "ihe osise ojii." Isi ihe ọ na-elekwasị anya bụ ịma mma nke mbara ala; Okirikiri ala bụ ihe atụ nke raison d'etre ya. Ọ bụghị otu ọrụ nke ndị na-ahụ maka ọrụ ma ọ bụ ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie chọrọ ịma banyere ya mgbe niile, ọ bụ n'afọ ndị 1960 na 1970, oge mgbanwe na mgbagwoju anya, mgbe ị na-achọ onye nwere ike ịde ihe, oge, abụghị 'au courant. .' Atụmatụ nhazi yana ndị na-ese ihe n'oge ahụ yiri ka ha na-achọ njirimara onwe onye na nke agbụrụ na na site na nka." Sloan ahụghị onwe ya dị ka onye na-ese oji n'echiche na ọ na-ese ihe ndị ojii. Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Noyes kwuru na katalọgụ ya maka "Ịnya ụgbọ ala mgbe Black" na "ọ bụ onye na-ese ihe, na nke ya, na nke aka ya, na-enweghị mkpa ịkpọ aha agbụrụ agbụrụ. Ọ ga-ekwu na 'nkà m ga-eguzo na ya. nke onwe ma kwuo maka onwe ya.' Ọ sịkwara, ‘e nwere nanị otu ihe mere mmadụ ga-eji ese ihe, nke ahụ bụkwa n’ihi na ọ na-amasị ha ịse ihe, ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ.” 

Sloan kwadoro ndị nka ojii dịka ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị ọkachamara. N'afọ 1975, ọ haziri ihe ngosi akpọrọ "Nleba anya Black On Art" na New York City, nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Black Enterprise kwadoro.    Ọ metụtakwara ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe, gụnyere Leroy Johnson .

## Mgbe afọ gachara
Na 1991, ọ natara James Van Der Zee Award site na Brandywine Workshop maka ịkụzi ndị na-eto eto na-ese ihe, yana onyinye onyinye ngalaba PAFA.&nbsp;  Na 1994, Sloan gụnyere na ihe ngosi foto nke ndụ na ọrụ nke ndị na-ese ojii ojii 10 na African American Museum na Philadelphia .  Emepụtara ihe nrite Landscape na Still Life n'aha ya na PAFA na 1997. 

Sloan nwụrụ n'ihi nkụchi obi October 15, 2008.  

Ọrụ Sloan gụnyere na ihe ngosi 2015 *Anyị Na-ekwu: Black Artists na Philadelphia, 1920s-1970s* na Woodmere Art Museum . 

## Nchịkọta

* Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts  
* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Mahadum La Salle 
* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Sheldon 
* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Woodmere 
* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Philadelphia 
* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke ndị America na Philadelphia  
* Ụlọ ọrụ nka na Tarboro (NC) 
* Mahadum Rutgers - Camden 
* Petrucci Family Foundation Collection of African American Art 

## Ihe ngosi
Ụlọ ihe nkiri Red Door, 1954, 1957  

Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, 1962, 1963, 1999, 2005, 2008, 2009, 2021        

Ụlọ ọrụ Cheltenham maka nka, 1962 

Ụlọ ihe nkiri Towne, 1963 1963 

Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka, 1963 

Peale House Gallerries, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, 1964, 1967  

Samuel S. Fleischer Art Memorial, 1966 

Lee Cultural Center, 1967  

Ebe Omenala Arts Center, Ocean City (NJ), 1968 

Ndị nka Afro-American 1800-1969, Philadelphia Civic Center Museum, 1969 

Philadelphia Ethical Society, 1969 

Ememme Art Afro-American, kọleji La Salle, 1969  

Osisi Vendo Nubes, 1972 

Ọbá akwụkwọ Ọhaneze Millville, 1972 

Ndị na-ese ihe nkiri America na Paris, 1975 

Ụwa Art II, Junior League nke Philadelphia, 1975 

Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Reese Palley, Atlantic City, 1975 

Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Woodmere, 1978, 1980, 2014, 2015    

Stedman Gallery, 1978 

Deshong Museum, Mahadum Widener, 1981 

Olympia Galleries LTD, Atlanta, 1982 

Gloucester County College, 1987 

Pittman Memorial Gallery, Tarboro (NC), 1987 

Osisi Windy Bush, 1996 

Moore College of Art &amp;amp; Design, 1997 

Hahn Gallery, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2004    

Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Afrika Amerịka na Philadelphia, 2002 

Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Noyes, 2019 

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations