open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Asụsụ Kondekor

Asụsụ Kondekor (a makwaara dị ka Gadaba, San Gadaba, Gadba, Sano, Kondekar, Kondkor, Konḍekor Gadaba, Mudhili Gadaba) bụ asụsụ Central Dravidian.  Ụdị dị iche iche nwere njikọ chiri anya bụ Ollari (nke a makwaara dị ka Pottangi Ollar Gadaba, Ollar Gadaba, Ollaro, Hallari, Allar, Hollar Gadbas).  A na-emeso ha abụọ dị ka olumba, ma ọ bụ dị ka asụsụ dị iche iche.[3]  A na-asụ ha na gburugburu Pottangi, mpaghara Koraput, Odisha na mpaghara Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, India..

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

* E nwere ụfọdụ ụdaume nasalized na-adịghị ahụkebe.

## Ihe odide

## Ebe e si nweta ya
Asụsụ Koch

Koch bụ Asụsụ Sino-Tibetan nke Ndị Koch nke India na Bangladesh na-asụ.  A na-asụkarị ya na steeti India nke Meghalaya, West Bengal, na Lower Assam na n'ugwu nke mba Bangladesh, ebe ọ na-eje ozi dị ka ụzọ isi n nsogbu okwu n'etiti ndị Koches (gụnyere Koch-Rajbongshi) na ụdị ndị ọzọ na mpaghara ahụ.  A na-edekwe Koch na Assamese, Bengali, Roman.

E nwere otu ngwá ọrụ Koch Krorang Mathop na Tura, Meghalaya nke na-ahụ ihe Koch, dị ka akwụkwọ, magazin Koch kwa afọ.  Koch Development Forum na-arụkwa ọrụ n'ịkwalite aha Koch n'etiti ndị Koch bụ ndị nna dere ha ugbu a gaa n'Asụsụ Indo-Aryan.

Steeti na ukwe mba nke Assam na **Koch**: 

## Asụsụ
Asụsụ Koch na-anọchite anya asụsụ isii dị ugbu a, nke bụ:

# Harigaya,
# Tintikiya,
# Wanang/Swmbri,
# Chapra,
# Margan, na
# Kocha  (Kocha/Koch - Rabha) 

## ''Nkọwa dị mkpirikpi nke olumba dị iche iche:''

## Ebe a na-ekesa ya

* Assam:
** Mpaghara Baksa - Hodi ma ọ bụ Koch Mandai
** Ógbè Bongaigaon - Madaci Koch, Koch
** Mpaghara Darrang - Hodi ma ọ bụ Koch Mandai
** Mpaghara Dhemaji - Hodi ma ọ bụ Koch Mandai
** Mpaghara Dhubri - Madaci Koch, Koch
** Mpaghara Goalpara - Madaci koch, Hat Rabha, Kocho koro, Hodi ma ọ bụ Koch Mandai
** Mpaghara Kokrajhar - Madaci Koch, Koch
** Ógbè Lakhimpur - Hodi ma ọ bụ Koch Mandai
** Mpaghara Nagaon - Hodi ma ọ bụ Koch Mandai, Kocho koro
** Mpaghara Udalguri - Hodi ma ọ bụ Koch Mandai
** Ógbè Sonitpur - Hodi ma ọ bụ Koch Mandai
** Mpaghara South Salmara - Hodi ma ọ bụ Koch Mandai, Koch
* Bangladesh: Hodi ma ọ bụ Koch Mandai na Kocho koro
* Bihar: Rajbongshi koch
* Meghalaya:
** Ugwu East Khasi - Hodi nke a na-akpọ Koch Mandai
** Mpaghara West Garo Hills - Kocha rabha ma ọ bụ Koch
* Tripura: Hodi ma ọ bụ Koch Mandai ma ọ bụ koch
* West Bengal: Rajbongshi koch, Kocha Rabha

## Ihe edeturu

## Ihe odide
Asụsụ Koko-Bera

Gugubera (Koko Pera), ma ọ bụ Kok-Kaper, bụ asụsụ Paman nke Cape York Peninsula, Queensland na Australia.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụ okwu

### Mkpụrụedemede

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Nchịkọta ohere Paradisec nke okwu na Gugubera.
* Nchịkọta ohere Paradisec nke ndekọ n'ọtụtụ asụsụ gụnyere Gugubera.
* Nchịkọta Paradisec nke ndekọ na Gugubera.
Asụsụ na-ezighị ezi

**Na-efu** bụ asụsụ Tani nke ndị na-efu efu na-asụ. Enwere ndị na-ekwu okwu 629,954 (dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị India si kwuo, 2011), ndị na-ebikarị na mpaghara Dhemaji, Lakhimpur, Sonitpur, Dibrugarh, Sibsagar, Jorhat, Majuli, Golaghat, Tinsukia district nke Assam na akụkụ ụfọdụ nke Arunachal Prade . Otu akwụkwọ edemede mbụ nke Mising bụ nke a maara dị ka ' Mising Agom Kébang (Mising Language Society)'.

The Mising, Padam na Minyong na-asụ asụsụ dị iche iche nke otu asụsụ.

## Sahitya Akademi kwadoro otu afọ
Maka afọ 2011, maka oge mbụ, Sahitya Akademi, otu akwụkwọ edemede kachasị elu nke India, ghọtara Mising tozuru oke maka ịnata otu n'ime ihe nrite Bhasha Samman isii, maka ụdị asụsụ ndị a na-anabataghị, *"nke mepụtara nke ọma iji nweta ihe nrite ahụ"* . 
 

## fonology

### Consonants

### Udaume

## Nkesa ala
thumb| A na-akụtu ụlọ Mishing omenala.
*Ethnologue* na-enye ebe ndị a maka ndị na-ekwu okwu efu. Ugwu Miri bi na Arunachal Pradesh, ebe Plains Miri bi na Assam.

* Assam : North Lakhimpur, Sonitpur, Dhemaji, Dibrugarh, Sibsagar, Jorhat, Majuli, Charideu, Bishwanath, Golaghat, na Tinsukia districts.
* Arunachal Pradesh
** Mpaghara nke East Siang, Lower Dibang Valley na Lohit. Nakwa n'akụkụ abụọ nke osimiri Kamla na mpaghara Ziro, mpaghara Subansiri Lower
** Mpaghara Daporizo, Upper Subansiri district

## Hụkwa

* Kansụl kwụụrụ onwe na-efu efu
* Takam na-efunahụ Porin Kebang

## Ntụaka
n'agbanyeghị na ọtụtụ n'ime ha anaghị asụ ya dị ka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ọmụmụ asụsụ na-efu efu (Agom, Gomlam, Gompir wdg)
* misingagomkebang.org  Weebụsaịtị Agom Kebang na-efu efu (Sahitya Sabha)
* macgov.in na-efunahụ kansụl kwụụrụ onwe ya
* wethemising.wordpress.com Nkeji edemede gbasara asụsụ efu
* Mark Post, Akwụkwọ nke Upper Belt dị iche iche nke Minyong (Adi), Arunachal Pradesh, North East India . Ebe nchekwa asụsụ dị n'ihe egwu.
Kayardild

Kayardild bụ nke Tangkic na-anwụ anwụ nke ndị Kaiadilt na-asụrụ na South Wellesley Islands, n'ebe ugwu-amata Queensland, Australia.  Ndị ọzọ nọ n'ime ahụ ahụ Yangkaal (nke ndị Yangkaal na-asụ), Lardil, na Yukulta (Gangalidda)).

Kayardild bụ Asụsụ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ, nke a na-ewere dị ka nke nke nta ka ọ ike.[1]  N'afọ 1981, e nwere ihe dị ka mmadụ iri ise na-asụ Kayardild.  Akọ ndị na-ekwu okwu Kayardild ọgbara nke ukwuu ndọrọ afụ 1940 n'ihi ụgbọ ndị e zuru ohi.[2]  Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 1981, e nwere ndị na-asụ asụsụ iri ise.  [2] Na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke afọ 2016, e nwere ike.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

## Asụsụ
A mara Kayardild maka ọtụtụ ihe omume ya iche, iche ikpe nke ihe ruru ọkwa anɔ, ojiji nke okwu-ọkwa iji mee ka interclausal na ihe ndị dị ka ụzọ interclausal, usoro ụzọ nke njedebe 'okwu okwu' nke na- mgbanwe ndị ọbịa ha site na aha gaa na ngwaa morphologically.  Ifịdị ya nke ọma maka ikwe ka ọ bụ naanị otu ọkwa miri emi.  Kayardild bụ nwanne a maara nke a na-asụrụ ebe akara oge na-akpa na aha na ngwaa.

Ndị na-ekwu okwu na-enwekarị mmasị maka usoro okwu isiokwu-ihe-okwu. 

## Ihe odide

## Akwụkwọ

* 
* 

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*  
*  
* 
*
Asụsụ Katu

Katu, ma ọ bụ Low Katu, bụ Asụsụ Katuic nke mmalite Laos na etiti Vietnam.

Na Vietnam, a na-asụrụ ya n'obodo Huế, ịkpọ na mpaghara A L靠.  Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ Ndị Vietnamese nke afọ 2009 si kwuo, e nwere Ndị Katu 61,588. 

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụ okwu

* A pụkwara ịnụ ụda preglottal affricate  ma ọ bụ glide .
* /ch/ nwere ike iru na alveolar fricative .

### Mkpụrụedemede

* Diphthongs na-apụta dị ka .

## Ihe odide

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* Nguyễn H Huu Hoành & Nguyễn Văn Lợi. 1998. *Akụkọ a na-akpọ Katu*. Hà Nội: Nhà Xuất Khoa Hook Xã Hội.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] (2005). *Asụsụ Katuic: nkewa, nrụzigharị na ntụnyere okwu echekwara  Wayback Machine*. LINCOM ọmụmụ na asụsụ Eshia, 58. Muenchen: Lincom Europa.   ISBN&nbsp;
* Theraphan L-Thongkum 2001. Asụsụ nke agbụrụ dị na Xekong Province Southern Laos. The Thailand Research Fund. Bangkok, Mahadum Chulalongkorn.
Asụsụ Kacoʼ

thumb|Kaco' gara n'ihu
thumb|Nna ochie kpochapụrụ ahịhịa
Kacoʼ (Kachok) bụ ahia Austro-Asia nke Vietnam.  Asụsụ ahụ, Kacoʼ na Romam, dị nnọọ iche.  Lamam (Lmam) bụ aha ụzọ a na-ahụ n'etiti ndị Kaco', ọ bụghị akara iche.

Na Vietnam, a na-asụrụ Romam (Rơ-măm) na obodo nta Le, obodo Mo Rai, Sa Th Dire District, mpaghara Kon Tum (Đặng, et al. 2010:115). 

## Ihe odide

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ojiji asụsụ na àgwà nke ndị na-asụ Kachok: N'akụkụ nyocha nke ịdị ike nke asụsụ Kachok. SIL International.
Asụsụ Gubbi

Gubbi Gubbi, nke a na-akpọkwa Kabi Kabi, bụ akara nke Queensland na Australia, nke Ndị Kabi nke South-East Queensland na-asụbu.  Asụsụ bụ isi, Gubbi Gubbi, sịzi, mana a nwere mmadụ 24 nwere ihe echiche nke Butchulla (nke a na-akpọkwa Batjala, Batyala, Badjala, na ụdị dị iche iche), ụdị ndị Butchulla nke K'gari (Fraser Island) na-asụ..

## Ọnọdụ asụsụ
Asụsụ bụ isi adịghịzi, mana a nwere mmadụ iri na anọ nwere ihe ngosi nke ngosi Batjala (asụsụ ndị Butchulla nke K'gari na-asụbu dị ka Fraser Island) dịka ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Australia nke afọ 2016.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
Ihe ndị na-esonụ dị n'asụsụ Badjala / Butchulla:

### Mkpụrụ okwu

* A na-anụ /n̪/ mgbe niile dị ka [ɲ] mgbe ọ na-esote /i/, na ọnọdụ ikpeazụ nke okwu.
* /d̪/ nwere ike ịnụ n'efu na palatal [ɟ].
* /b d̪ ɡ/ nwere ike ịnwe allophones [β ð ɣ] n'ọnọdụ intervocalic.
* /ī/ nwere allophone n'akụkụ nke [ī] mgbe ọ na-esote /b/.
* /ɡ/ na-abụkarị nke a na-akpọ [ɡj] tupu /i/.

### Mkpụrụedemede

*  nwere ike ịnụ mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka  tupu .
*  nwere ike ịnụ dị ka  mgbe ọ na-esote intervocalic /ī/ .

## Akwụkwọ Nsọ
Dị ka Norman Tindale si kwuo (1974), okwu Kabi (gbw), okwu "Mba".

 pụtara "Welcome, onye ọ bụla" na Kabi Kabi/Gubbi Gubbi . 

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Akwụkwọ edemede ahọpụtara nke ihe gbasara Gubbi Gubbi / Kabi Kabi / Gabi asụsụ na ndị nọ n'ọbá akwụkwọ AIATSIS
* Ihe nketa nke ndị Kabi Kabi - Sunshine Coast Tourism Information Centre
* Joyce Bonner akụkọ dijitalụ, State Library of Queensland. Akụkọ dijitalụ na-atụle asụsụ Badtjala
* Akụkọ dijitalụ Eve Fesl, State Library of Queensland. Akụkọ dijitalụ na-atụle asụsụ Gubbi Gubbi
Dhuwal

Dhuwal (nke a na-akpọkwa Dual, Duala) bụ otu n'ime Asụsụ Yolŋu nke Ndị Aborigine Australia na-asụ na Northern Territory, Australia.  Ọ bụ ebe na akara Yolŋu niile na-ebe ha ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, Dhuwal na- calaamad anya dị iche iche nke ụdịdị dị iche iche.  N'afọ 2019, Djambarrpuyŋuŋut Amar nwa nwa mbụ a na-asụ na ndị omeiwu Australia, mgbe nwoke Yolŋu na onye otu Northern Territory Legislative Assembly Yingiya Guyula kwuru okwu n'asụsụ ala ya.

## Asụsụ
Dị ka ọkà mmụta asụsụ Robert M. W. Dixon si kwuo,

* Asụsụ ndị Yirritja bụ (a) **Gupapuyngu** na **Gumatj**;
* Asụsụ ndị Dhuwa bụ (b) **Djambarrpuyngu**, **Djapu**, **Liyagalawumirr**, na **Guyamirlili** (Gwijamil).
* Na mgbakwunye, ọ ga-apụta na asụsụ **Dhay'yi** (**Dayi**), (a) **Dhalwangu** na (b) **Djarrwark**, bụ akụkụ nke otu asụsụ ahụ.

Ethnologue kewara Dhuwal n'asụsụ anọ, tinyere Dayi na ụdị kọntaktị dị iche iche Dhuwaya (nọmba sitere na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ nke afọ 2006. [aha achọrọ]): 

* Dhuwal n'onwe ya, Datiwuy, Dhuwaya, Liyagawumirr, Marrangu, na Djapu: ndị ọkà okwu 600
* Djampbarrpuyŋu, 2,760 ndị ọkà okwu
* Gumatj, ndị ọkà okwu 240.
* Gupapuyngu, ndị na-asụ 330
* Dhay'yi (Dayi) na Dhalwangu, 170 ndị na-ekwu okwu

Dhuwaya bụ ụdị ịhụnanya a na-akatọ [nkọwa dị mkpa] nke ụgbọ na-eto eto na-eji n'popo ndị a na-enyere n'akwụkwọ, ebe ọ nọchiri Gumatj ca.   1990.   &#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụ okwu

### Mkpụrụedemede

Ogologo ụdaume dị iche na nkeji okwu mbụ naanị.

## Orthography
 
Eleghị anya nwere ike ọ lụa nke Australia ndị na-asụ ya ntị enweela orthography ibu maka ya, n'  ﻿ nkọwa ọ claa na edemede Latin.  A na- digraphs na- ndị anya ụkwụ ndị a na-ahụ ahụkebe na Bekee, ma ọ bụ more mgbe niile site na diacritics, dị ka underlines, ma ọ bụrụ akara ndị ọzọ, mgbe ụfọdụ a gbaziri site na International Phonetic Alphabet.  A na-egosi ihe atụ ụfọdụ na-egosi na-esonụ.

## Ihe odide
Ebe etiti Tibet

Central Tibet, nke a na-adị ka Dbus, Ü ma ọ bụ Ü-Tsang, bụ Asụsụ Tibet a na-asụkarị na ntọala nke Standard Tibet.

Dbus na Ü bụ ụdị otu aha.  Dbus bụ nsụgharị nke aha ahụ na edemede Tibet,__ilo____ilo____ilo__དབུས་N'asụsụ Lhasa, ebe Ü bụ otú a na-akpọpụta otu ihe ahụ n'asụsụ Lhasas, [bo] (ma ọ bụ [yːʔ]).  Nke ahụ bụ, na Tibetan, a na-asụpụta aha ahụ Dbus ma guzo ya Ü.  A na-ihe aha ndị a niile eme ihe kpọmkwem na olumba Lhasa.

## Ụdị dị iche iche

; Dbus na Gtsang

E nwere ọtụtụ asụsụ ndị a na-aghọta ọnụ na Central Tibetan ma e wezụga nke Lhasa, na ọdịiche dị iche iche n'akụkụ ókèala na Nepal:

: Limi (Limirong), Mugum, Dolpo (Dolkha), Mustang (Lowa, Lokä), Humla, Nubri, Lhomi, Dhrogpai Gola, Walungchung Gola (Walungge/Halungge), Tseku
: Basum (nke kachasị dị iche, ma eleghị anya asụsụ dị iche) 

Ethnologue na-akọ na Walungge na Thudam nwere nghọta dị ukwuu.

Glottolog na-akọ na akwụkwọ ndị a dị na South-Western Tibetic dị ka ndị na-iche obere akwụkwọ akwụkwọ dị iche iche n'ime ahia Central Tibetan, mana na Thudam dị ụdị dị iche iche.  N'ụzọ dị iche, Glottolog pụtaraekewapụta Basum n'ime Central Tibetan mana ọ na-ahapụ ya n'ime nhọrọ Tibetic.

Tournadre (2013) kewara Tseku na Khams.

Central Tibetan nwere 70% okwu yiri Amdo Tibet na 80% okwu yiri Khams Tibet.

Qu & Jing (2017), ntụnyere nke Central Tibetan lects, na-edekọ ụdị Lhasa, Shigatse, Gar, Sherpa, Basum, Gertse, na Nagqu.

### Ngari Tibet
Ngari Tibet, ahụ Stöd Ngari (dị iche na egwuregwu nke pre-1842 Lower Ngari nke bụzi akwụrụ onwe ya), bụ endonym maka topolect a na-asụ gburugburu Ngari Prefecture, T.A.R.  N'ọdịnala, a na-ewere ya dị ka ụdị dị iche iche nke Dbusg mana ọ bụghị Dbusgtsang n'onwe ya, Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ ụdị Tibet dị ka Gêrzê Tibet na Nagqu ka nke m Tibet.  [1] Na Tibet nke India na-achịkwa ikike ndị Britain wakporo Spiti na 1846, a mara topolect yiri ya ugbu a n'okpuru aha "Lahuli na Spiti".

## Mkpụrụ okwu

* A naghị asụgharịkarị Radar na Roman, na usoro Wade-Giles 'a na-eji.

## Mkpụrụedemede
[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]

### Nkwupụta

#### Mkpụrụedemede ndị a na-ejikọta ọnụ

### Mkpụrụ okwu ikpeazụ

## Hụkwa

* Lhasa Tibet
* Amdo Tibet
* Asụsụ Ladakhi
* Asụsụ Balti
* Ü-Tsang

## Ihe odide
Mbulungish

**Mbulungish** bụ asụsụ Rio Nunez nke Guinea . Aha ya dị iche iche gụnyere *Baga Foré, Baga Monson, Black Baga, Bulunits, Longich, Monchon, Monshon* . Wilson (2007) depụtakwara aha *Baga Moncõ* . Asụsụ a na-akpọ *Ciloŋic* ( *ci-lɔŋic* ) ndị na-asụ ya, bụ́ ndị na-akpọ onwe ha *Buloŋic* ( *bu-lɔŋic* ). 

Dịka otu n'ime asụsụ abụọ Rio Nunez nke Guinea, onye ikwu ya kacha nso bụ Baga Mboteni . 

## Nkesa ala
A na-asụ Mbulungish n'ime ime obodo iri abụọ na abụọ dị n'ụsọ osimiri dị na Kanfarandé dịka *Ethnologue* siri kwuo. 

Dịka Fields (2008:33-34) siri kwuo, a na-asụ Mbulungish na mpaghara ndịda nke Osimiri Nunez nke gụnyere obodo Monchon. Mboteni na Sitem ka a na-asụ na ugwu Mbulungish. 

## Ntụaka
Nunez nke Guinea . Aha ya dị iche iche gụnyere Baga Foré, Ba
Jibyal Asụsụ

**Jibyal** (nke a makwaara dị ka **Ankwey**, aha mbụ maka ndị Goemai ) bụ asụsụ West Chadic a na-asụ na Plateau State, Nigeria . Roger Blench kọrọ ya na 2017. 

Jibyal yikarịrị ka ọ bụ nke Pan ụyọkọ asụsụ, nke gụnyere Kofyar . Blench (2019) achọpụtala ụfọdụ myirịta na Cakfem-Mushere .  A na-asụ Jibyal na obodo Jibyal, na n'ime obodo Monkwat, Lamalang, Shimər na Dalu. Blench (2017) na-akọ mkpokọta ndị na-ekwu okwu 2,000. Ndị na-ekwu okwu Jibyal na ndị ọkà okwu Bwal na-alụ. Ụmụaka ka na-asụ asụsụ ahụ, ma ndị Hausa ka na-eyi ya egwu.

## Aha
Ndị na-asụ Jibyal na-akpọ onwe ha *Ankwei* [àŋkwéy], bụ́kwa aha ndị Goemai na-ejibu akpọ onwe ha. 

## Nkesa ala
A na-asụ Jibyal na steeti Nasarawa dị nso n'ókè ya na steeti Plateau . A na-asụ ya na Mangu LGA, nke dị na ọdịda anyanwụ nke okporo ụzọ Panyam-Shendam, na ndịda Mushere. Obodo nta na obodo nta bụ obodo Jibyal, yana Monkwat, Lamalang, Shimәr, na Dalu obodo nta. Jibyal dị n'ebe ugwu Nteng, na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Jipal (asụsụ pụrụ iche sitere na Jibyal, n'agbanyeghị aha yiri ụda). 

## fonology
Jibyal nwere ọdịiche ogologo ụdaume. Ọmụmaatụ n'okpuru: 

## Ntụaka
asụ ya na Mangu LGA, nke dị na ọdịda anyanwụ nke okporo ụzọ Panyam-Shendam, na ndịda

* 
* Blench, Roger. 2017. *[https://www.academia.edu/35507157/CURRENT_RESEARCH_ON_THE_A3_WEST_CHADIC_LANGUAGES Current research on the A3 West Chadic languages]*.
Asụsụ Jaminjung

Jaminjung bụ Australia_Aboriginal_languages" id="mwGA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Australian Aboriginal languages">Asụsụ Australia na-anwụ anwụ nke a na-asụ gburugburu Victoria na Northern Territory nke Australia.  30 na 1991, na n'etiti ndị na-akpọ 50 na 150 na 2000.

N'afọ 1971, Frances Kofod na ndị ọzọ ịhụnanya nke ịhụnanya Ngaliwuru, [1] ebe n'afọ 2011 e akwụkwọ nke aha Jaminjung & Ngaliwuru na ojiji nke osisi & anụmanụ.. 

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụedemede
Jaminjung nwere ikeume anọ: [1]

Ogologo echiche echiche ihe iche.  Carabedemede dị n'etiti /e/ na-iche dị n'ọnụ dị nta nke okwu, ma Marise anya ọ bụ ọrụ site na ndị gbara ya gburugburu..

### Mkpụrụ okwu
Jaminjung nwere ụfọdụume iri na ibu: 

## Njikọ mpụga

* A na-echekwa ihe ndekọ Jaminjung na Ọrụ DOBES.

## Ihe odide

### Ihe edeturu

### Ọchịagha

*  
*
Asụsụ Zari

**Zari** (Zariwa) bụ ụyọkọ olumba Chad nke Nigeria . Blench (2019) depụtara ụdị dị ka Zari, Zakshi na Boto. 

Ọ bụ ezie na e nwere agbụrụ agbụrụ dị ihe dị ka 20,000, ọkà okwu ikpeazụ anwụọlarị site na 2000 (Campbell na Belew 2018).

## Ntụaka
Asụsụ obodo unu
Asụsụ Masaba

**Masaba** ( *Lumasaaba* ), mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ **Gisu** ( *Lugisu* ) n'otu n'ime olumba ya, bụ asụsụ Bantu nke ihe karịrị nde mmadụ abụọ na-asụ na East Africa. Olumba Gisu dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Uganda na Bukusu nwere nghọta, nke agbụrụ Luhya na ọdịda anyanwụ Kenya na-asụ. *Masaba* bụ aha obodo nke Ugwu Elgon na aha nwa nna nna nke ebo Gisu. Dị ka asụsụ Bantu ndị ọzọ, a na-ekewa aha Lumasaba n'ọtụtụ ụdị nke klaasị aha . Ndị a dị ka ụdị nwoke na nwanyị na asụsụ Germanic na Romance, ma e wezụga na kama nke abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ na-emekarị, e nwere ihe dị ka klas iri na asatọ dị iche iche. Asụsụ ahụ nwere ụdị ngwaa dị mgbagwoju anya.

## Ụdị dị iche iche
Ụdị Masaba dị iche iche bụ ndị a: 

* Gisu ( *Lugisu* )
* Kisu
* Bukusu ( *Lubukusu* ; agbụrụ Luhya )
* Syan
* Tachoni ( *Lutachoni* ; agbụrụ Luhya )
* Dadiri ( *Ludadiri* )
* Buya ( *Lubuya* )

A na-asụ Dadiri n'ebe ugwu, Gisu n'etiti, na Buya n'etiti na ndịda ókèala Masaba na Uganda. A na-asụ Bukusu na Kenya, asụsụ Nilotic kewapụrụ na Masaba agbụrụ.

## fonology
Lee olumba Bukusu maka nkọwa nke otu ụdị Masaba.

### Consonants

* Ụda /k, ɡ, ŋ/ mgbe a na-anụ tupu ụdaume ihu /i, e/ dị ka palatal [c, ɟ, ɲ].

* Enwere ike ịnụ ụda /i, u/ dị ka glides [w, j] n'ime usoro ụdaume mbụ.

### Udaume
Masaba nwere usoro ụdaume ise bụ isi nke nwere /i, e, a, o, u/.

## Ntụaka
agbụrụ Luhya na ọdịda anyanwụ Kenya na-asụ. Masaba bụ aha obodo nke Ugwu

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ

* Brown, Gillian (1972) *Iwu ụda olu na mgbanwe olumba: Ọmụmụ nke phonology nke Lumasaaba* 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Kulomba Kwikumutikinyi akụkụ nke Akwụkwọ nke ekpere nkịtị na Masaba (1907) nke Richard Mammana na Charles Wohlers digitized
* http://open-chapel.com/scripture/language-preservation/lumasaaba-language-study/ Ịmụ Lumasaaba nke Catherine Mabongor
Asụsụ Zeem

**Zeem**, ma ọ bụ **Chaari**, bụ ụyọkọ olumba Chadic nọ n'ihe egwu nke Naijiria, nke ndị na-asụ ya na-atụgharị gaa na Hausa .  **Dyarim** nwere njikọ chiri anya.

A na-asụ asụsụ Zeem na Toro LGA, Bauchi State . A naghị asụ asụsụ Tulai na Danshe.  A na-akpọkwa ya Chaari, Dokshi, Dyarum, Kaiwari, Kaiyorawa, Lukshi na Lushi. 

Asụsụ Beromic emetụtawo Dyarim n'oge oge Beromic juru ebe niile. 

## Ụdị dị iche iche
Ụdị ụyọkọ Zeem-Caari-Danshe-Dyarim depụtara site na Blench (2019): 

* Zeem (adịghị ike)
* Tule (na-apụ apụ)
* Danshe
* Chaari
* Dyarim
* Dokshi (Lukshi, Lushi)
* Jimi

Blench na-akọ na 2019 na ọ bụ naanị ndị agadi atọ na-asụ asụsụ **Dokshi** (ma ọ bụ **Lukshi**  ) ka nọ n'ime obodo Lukshi, Bauchi State .

## Ihe ndetu
Jibu asụsụ

**Jibu** bụ asụsụ Jukunoid nke mmadụ puku iri atọ na-asụ na steeti Taraba nke Naijiria .

## fonology
Na Jibu, e nwere fọnịm consonant 18, ụdaume 9 (nke a na-anọchi anya naanị iji mkpụrụedemede atọ), na ụda atọ (ịrị elu, ọkwa etiti, na ọdịda). Na Jibu, a na-ewere nasalization, labialization, na palatalization dị ka akụkụ nke syllable, a na-edekwa ya na ya mgbe ụdaume gasịrị. A na-anọchi anya imi imi na *n*, ma e wezụga mgbe ọ dị na njedebe nke syllable ọ na-aghọ okpukpu abụọ (/kʲã/ na-aghọ *kyann* ). A na-anọchi anya labialization na *w*, yana palatalization na *y* n'otu n'otu. 

### Consonants
Jibu nwere fọnịm consonant 18 dị iche iche. Ụfọdụ fọnịm dị iche iche na-anọchi anya otu akara, dị ka /ʃ / na /s / a na-anọchi anya ha abụọ dị ka ⟨ s ⟩ n'ụdị ọbịbịa nke American Phonetic Notation nke ochie gbanwetụrụ. Ọ bụrụ na a na-anọchi anya ekwentị consonant niile site na iji ndị otu ha ochie nke American Phonetic notation, enweghị mkpirisi n'ọdịdị ọ bụla. Ụda /ɗ /, nke a na-eji na ụfọdụ okwu mbinye ego Hausa, na-anọchi anya ya na-eji ⟨ ' ⟩ .

### Ụda
Jibu nwere ụda atọ (anọ ma ọ bụrụ na ụda isi gụnyere). Ụda ndị a dị elu ('), wedata-etiti (') na ala (`). Edeghị ụda ntọala n'okwu na n'akwụkwọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ọbụghịkwa ụda etiti ewedatara.

## Ọkpụkpụ
Usoro a na-eji taa na Jibu gụnyere ụfọdụ akara maka ịdegharị ụda n'asụsụ mbinye ego Hausa, usoro ochie, bụ nke a gbanwere ntakịrị nke Americanist Phonetic Notation, anaghị agụnye akara maka ederede *h*, na agụnye eziokwu na a na-edegharị ọtụtụ phonemes dị ka otu akara n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ.

## Ngwaa
Na Jibu, ngwaa anaghị ejikọta ọnụ, nke bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị n'etiti asụsụ Junkanoid. Kama nke ahụ, a na-edobe nnọchiaha ahụ n'ihu ngwaa ahụ, a na-edobekwa akara niile n'ihu nnọchiaha ahụ. 

Intransitive: á (ọrụ! - *á sar* )

Omume na-aga n'ihu: ri (na-arụ ọrụ - *ri sar* )

Emechara omume: hiŋ ( mere ọrụ - *hiŋ sar* )

Omume zuru oke: rìg, rìghiŋ (arụchala ọrụ - *rìg sar* )

## Nkpọaha
Nnokwa Jibu anaghị egosipụta okike, okwu *ahụ* pụtara he, she, ma ọ bụ ya, n'adịghị ka Bekee, enweghị ọtụtụ ụdị dabere na okike. 

## Akpaokwu

* Ụtụtụ ọma - aku àyúnn-à
* Ụtụtụ ọma - bib kyar
* Ndo! - atọ!
* Ngwa ngwa! - na egwu!
* Ndewo, daalụ - ísoko, soko 

## Akwụkwọ

### Ederede Akwụkwọ Nsọ

#### Abụ Ọma nke 100
Edere ederede nke abụ ọma 100 n'ụdị akwụkwọ edemede Phonetic Nota nke na-abụghị ndị America. 

## Ntụaka
na a na-anọchi anya ekwentị consonant niile site na iji ndị otu ha ochie nke American asụsụ Tulai na Danshe. A na-akpọkwa ya Chaari
Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations
Asụsụ Lamaholot

Y

**Lamaholot**, nke a makwaara dị ka **Solor** ma ọ bụ **Solorese**, bụ ụyọkọ olumba Central Malayo-Polynesian nke Flores, Indonesia . Ụdị dị iche iche nwere ike ọ gaghị abụ ihe niile nwere nghọta; Keraf (1978) kwuru na e nwere asụsụ iri na asatọ n’okpuru aha ahụ. 

Asụsụ Lamaholot na-egosi ihe akaebe nke mkpụrụ okwu Papuan (na-abụghị nke Ọstrelia), ebe ihe dị ka pasenti 50 nke akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu abụghị nke Austronesia. 

*Ethnologue* na-ewepụta olumba dị iche iche Lamaholot dị ka asụsụ nwere onwe. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Ethnologue na Grimes (1997) gosipụtara Lewotobi dị ka asụsụ dị iche.  Nagaya (2011) na-agbagha nke a, na-ekewa ya kama dịka olumba nke Lamaholot.

Olumba ọzọ nke Lamaholot adịghị na *Ethnologue*, Muhang, bụ ndị Ata Tana 'Ai bi na Sikka Regency na-asụ.  E bipụtara akwụkwọ ụmụaka mbụ na Muhang, *Walde Nenang Uran Wair* na 2022. 

Lamaholot yiri Sika n'ọdịda anyanwụ yana Kedang n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ. A na-ekewakarị olumba Lamaholot ụzọ atọ: ọdịda anyanwụ (Flores), etiti (ọwụwa anyanwụ Flores, Adonara, na Solor) na ọwụwa anyanwụ (Lembata). Alorese (akụkụ ụsọ oké osimiri nke ugwu Pantar na ọdịda anyanwụ Alor) na Lamaholot na-aghọta nke ọma ma a na-ewerekarị ya dị ka olumba ya.

## fonology

### Consonants

A na-eji ekwentị dị na mbikọ mee n'okwu mbinye ego. 

### Udaume

## Ntụaka
anyanwụ. A na-ekewakarị olumba Lamaholot ụzọ atọ: ọdịda anyanwụ (Flores), etiti
Asụsụ Makonde

**Makonde ,** ma ọ bụ **Kimakonde**, bụ asụsụ ndị Makonde na-asụ, otu agbụrụ dị na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Tanzania na ugwu Mozambique .  Makonde bụ asụsụ etiti Bantu nwere njikọ chiri anya na Yao . Olumba Matambwe (Matembwe) na Mabiha (Maviha) dị iche, ọ nwere ike ọ gaghị abụ Makonde.  &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

Otu ahụ ọkụ anwụnta na-ebute ụzọ mata na Makonde Plateau bụ aha *[[Chikungunya]]*, nke sitere na ngwaa Makonde mgbọrọgwụ *kungunyala* (nke pụtara "nke na-ehulata elu", "ịghọ contorted," ma ọ bụ "ịga n'ihu").  A na-ekwukarị na ọ bụ Swahili si wepụta okwu ahụ n'ụzọ ụgha. 

## fonology
Ndị na-esonụ bụ consonants na ụdaume nke asụsụ Makonde: 

### Udaume

A na-enwekwa ike inwe ụda ụdaume ikpeazụ na-arị elu /vv́/ n'ime mkpokọta ụdaume.

### Consonants

## Ntụaka
asụsụ Tulai na Danshe. A na-akpọkwa ya Chaari
Asụsụ Fuyug

**Fuyug** (Fuyuge, Fuyughe, Mafulu) bụ asụsụ Papua New Guinea a na-asụ na Central Province nke mba ahụ. Ndị na-asụ asụsụ 14,000 bi n'ime obodo 300 dị na mpaghara Goilala . 

## fonology
Mgbakọ orthographic a na-emekarị iji dee Fuyug bụ iji *maka* , *e* maka , *y* maka , na mkpụrụedemede IPA kwekọrọ maka fọnịm ndị fọdụrụ.

### Udaume
Fuyug nwere fọnịm ụdaume ise . 

Udaume  a na-akpọ dị ka diphthong  mgbe okwu-ikpeazụ nakwa dị ka n'ihu a okwu-ikpeazụ consonant. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, akpọ *ateg* ("eziokwu")  na *ode* ("ebe") ka  . 

A na-esa ụdaume niile n'ihu consonant imi, dị ka ọ dị *na* (" pandanus ") , *ung* ("imi") , *em* ("ụlọ")  . 

### Consonants
Fuyug nwere fọnịm consonant iri na anọ. 

A na -achọ plosive na-enweghị olu n'ọnọdụ ikpeazụ na tupu  : *endanti* ("n'èzí") , *oki* ("ọkụ") , *eyak* ("nlaghachi")  . 

The imi phoneme  assimilates tupu consonant velar ịghọ  : *yangos* ("mmiri")  . 

### Mkpụrụokwu
Mkpụrụokwu Fuyug na-abịa n'ụdị (C)V(C)(C). Enweghị ike inwe ihe karịrị consonants abụọ n'akụkụ otu okwu-n'ime na naanị ụyọkọ ikpeazụ enyere ikike bụ *mb*, *nd* na *ng* . N'ime okwu ụdaume nwere ike ghara iso ibe ya. 

### Ọnụọgụ
Ọnụọgụ dị na Fuyug amachibidoro, inwe naanị *fidan* ("otu") na yovalo ("abụọ"). Ọnụ ọgụgụ 3, 4 na 5 mejupụtara 1 na 2:

* 3: yovalo hul mindan ("abụọ ya ọzọ")
* 4: yovalo ta yovalo ("abụọ na abụọ");
* 5: yovalo ta yovalo ta hul mindan ("abụọ na abụọ na nke ọzọ").

Mgbe ejirichara ọnụọgụ Bekee ise (nọmba ndị na-erughị ise na-emekarị ya). A na-ejikwa quantifier huka ("ọtụtụ") mgbe atọ gasịrị. 

## Ntụaka
nakwa dị ka n'ihu a okwu-ikpeazụ consonant. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, akpasụsụ Tulai na Danshe. A na-akpọkwa ya Chaariọ ateg 

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ

* 
Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations
Asụsụ Ruund

**Ruund** (Ruwund), makwaara dị ka **Northern Lunda** ma ọ bụ *Urund*, bụ asụsụ Bantu nke Democratic Republic of Congo na Angola . Ọ bụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe n'etiti asụsụ Bantu maka ikwe ka consonantal codas na maka sistemụ ụdaume ya belatara, nke mkpụmkpụ /e/ na /o/ ghọrọ [i] na [a] n'otu n'otu, na-ahapụ naanị ụdaume atọ dị mkpirikpi. 

Akụkụ ọzọ na-adọrọ mmasị nke Ruund bụ na, dị ka asụsụ Ciluba metụtara ya, ụda nke Proto-Bantu agbanweela, nke mere na Elu aghọwo ala na nke ọzọ.  Ya mere, n'asụsụ a, mkpụrụokwu ndị agbasiri ike dị ala ma ụda ndabara dị elu.

## Ntụaka
ekwentị consonant niile site na iji ndị otu ha ochie nke American
Asụsụ Anuki

**Asụsụ Anuki** bụ asụsụ Austronesia nke ndị Gabobora na-asụ na Cape Vogel na mpaghara Milne Bay nke Papua New Guinea . Akpọrọ asụsụ ahụ aha chi ndị mmadụ na-akwanyere ùgwù nke ukwuu, bụ́ onye ozu ya dị nsọ na-ezu ike ugbu a n’Australia. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## fonology

* Enwere ike ịdepụta consonants n'ime mkpụrụokwu mgbaghara ma ọ bụ tupu /ɨi/.

a /ɨ/ dị naanị na diphthong /ɨi/.

Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike ịchọta diphthong ndị a: /ɨi/, /ae/, /ai/, /au/, /ei/, /eo/, /eu/, /iu/, /oe/, /oi/. /ɨi/ e dere ⟨ ⟩ .

A na-ahụ nrụgide mgbe niile na mkpụrụ edemede penultimate. 

## Ntụaka
(ọwụwa anyanwụ Flores, Adonara, na Solor
Asụsụ ala

**Cuối**, nke a maara dị ka **Thổ**,  bụ ụyọkọ olumba na-asụ gburugburu ndị Thổ 70,000 na Vietnam na puku di na nwunye na Laos, tumadi na mpaghara Bolikhamsai na Khammouane .

## fonology

### Olumba Làng Lỡ

#### Consonants
Ngwakọta ngwa ngwa nke olumba Làng Lỡ, dị ka Michel Ferlus zoro aka na ya: 

* [ʈ] is found in Vietnamese loanwords with initial  (orthographic ⟨tr⟩)
*  originate in the borrowing of segments from a variety of Vietnamese that existed several centuries ago.

#### Udaume

#### Ụda
Enwere ụda asatọ na Làng Lỡ. A na-ahụ ụda 1 ruo 6 na syllable sonorant-ikpeazụ (aka 'live' syllables): syllables na-agwụ na ụdaume, ọkara ụdaume ma ọ bụ imi. A na-ahụ ụda 7 na 8 n'ime mkpụrụokwu mgbochi-ikpeazụ (aka 'kwụsị' syllables), na-ejedebe na -p -t -c -k.  Nke a bụ usoro atụnyere nke Vietnamese.

## Okwu okwu
Ihe omuma a sitere na ndekọ okwu Cuoi Cham na Mon-Khmer Etymological Dictionary.

## Ntụaka
nakwa dị ka n'ihu a okwu-ikpeazụ consonant. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, akpọ ateg ("nakwa dị ka n'ihu a okwu-ikpeazụ consonant. Dịk

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* 

* Nguyen, Huu Hoanh and Nguyen Van Loi (2019). Tones in the Cuoi Language of Tan Ki District in Nghe An Province, Vietnam. *The Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society* 12.1:lvii-lxvi.
Asụsụ Yil

**Yil** bụ asụsụ Torricelli nke Papua New Guinea a na-asụ n'ime obodo iri na abụọ dị na mpaghara Sundaun.

## fonology
Nkebi a na-esote Martens and Tuominen (1977).  Yil nwere obere ngwa ngwa nke consonants iri:

Na mgbakwunye, enwere diphthongs /ai̯ au̯ ay̯ ei̯/. /iu/ nwere allophone na-abụghị syllabic [jw~β] na mmalite ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ coda. /ɣ/ na-arara [x] okwu-n'ikpeazụ, eg /uəmaɣ/ [wəmax] 'hawk'.

### Ụdị ụda olu
Nhazi mkpụrụokwu kacha bụ (C) (C) V (C) (C). Mkpụrụokwu nwere codas consonant abụọ na-eme naanị okwu-n'ikpeazụ. Egosiri nkesa nke fọnịm n'ụdị mkpụrụedemede dị iche iche na tebụl dị n'okpuru.

Nchegbu na-adakarị na nkeji okwu nke mbụ, n'agbanyeghị na ọ dị iche n'ụdị ngwaa ụfọdụ, dịka /əˈŋati/ "M na-eli mmadụ" vs. /ˈəŋati/ "Ana m ọsọ ọsọ"

## Njikọ mpụga

* Paradisec nwere mkpokọta Don Laycock 's ( DL2 ) nke gụnyere ngwa asụsụ Yil.

## Ntụaka
na a na-anọchi anya ekwentị consonant niile site na iji ndị otu ha ochie nke American
Asụsụ Vaghri

**Vaghri** (Bavri) bụ asụsụ Indo Aryan nke Pakistan nke ndị Vagri na-asụ. Ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na Gujarati.

## fonology

/ŋ/, , na  emela okwu-mbụ.

Udaume niile ma e wezụga /e/ na /ɔ/ nwere ike ịgbanye imi. Enwere diphthong 'ezigbo' anọ, ndị a bụ /ɔɑ/, /ɑi/, /ɑu/, na /ɑɯ/.

Ọtụtụ okwu monosyllabic bụ CVC. Okwu ọ bụla nwere opekata mpe otu mkpọmkpọ okwu.

## Ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ
Vaghri na-ekewa klaasị aha abụọ: nwoke na nwanyị. Aha Neuter Indo-Aryan bụ nke a na-ekekarị oke. Aha na-agwụ na /-ɒ/ n'ozuzu so na klaasị nwoke. Aha ndị na-agwụ na /-i/ bụkarị nke nwanyị.

A na-atụgharị aha na Vaghri maka ọnụọgụ abụọ: otu na ọtụtụ.

## Okwu okwu

Ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụgụ bụ ndị a:

## Ntụaka
na-ejikọta ngwaa ndị a n'ụdị ngwaa ndị ọzọ, na nhazi ngwa
Asụsụ Nii

**Nii** bụ asụsụ Trans–New Guinea nke alaka Chimbu–Wahgi nke a na-asụ n'ugwu Papua New Guinea .

Nii nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ na-adịghị ahụkebe nke consonants mpụta : a na-ahụkarị flap alveolar, , gbakwunyere ma eze na velar mpụta fricatives,  na , nke a na-ekwupụta n'etiti ụdaume na adịghị eme na mbido mbụ.  

## fonology

### Udaume

### Consonants

:   o doro anya  n'ihu consonant
:   ọ bụ  tupu /r/; n'ọnọdụ okwu-ikpeazụ usoro a ga-aghọ  ~  .
:   nwere ike ịnwe mwepụta vocoid  na njedebe nke syllable n'ihu consonant.

Akaụntụ nke allophones mbụ nke  na-agbagwoju anya, na ụfọdụ n'ime ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ na-apụtachaghị ìhè.

## Ntụaka
na-ejikọta ngwaa ndị a n'ụdị ngwaa ndị ọzọ, na nhazi ngwa

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* 
* Stucky, Alfred and Dellene Stucky 1973. "Nii phonology", in Alan Healey (ed.), *Studies in languages of the Ok family*, "Workpapers in Papua New Guinea Languages" 2, pp. 37-78. https://archive.org/details/rosettaproject_nii_ortho-1, https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/23614
Gokana

**Gokana** ( **Gòkánà** ) bụ asụsụ Ogoni nke ihe dị ka mmadụ 130,000 na-asụ na Rivers State, Nigeria .

## fonology
A na-arụ ụka na Gokana enweghị mkpụrụ edemede, ihe a na-ekwu n'ụzọ dị egwu n'ihi na a na-ewerekarị mkpuruokwu dị ka ihe zuru ụwa ọnụ . Dịka Hyman (1983) siri kwuo, Gokana "anaghị ahazi consonants na ụdaume ya n'ime mkpụrụokwu." Hyman mechara degharịa nkwupụta ya na-ekwu na "mkpụrụokwu ahụ na-arụ obere ọrụ na nhazi nke Gokana" ma eleghị anya ọ naghị arụ ọrụ iji kwupụta mkpokọta ọ bụla n'asụsụ ahụ. 

## Usoro edemede

* A na-egosipụta ụda dị elu site na nnukwu ụda olu : á, ã́, é, ɛ́, ẽ́, í, ĩ́, ó, ọ́, ɗ, ú, ḿ, ḿ;
* A na-egosipụta ụda dị ala site na ụda olu : à, ã̀, è, ɛ̀, ẽ̀, ì, ĩ̀, ò, ɔ̀, õ̀, ù, ũ̀, m̀;
* A na-egosi ụda etiti n'enweghị ụda olu.

## Ntụaka
na-ejikọta ngwaa ndị a n'ụdị ngwaa ndị ọzọ, na nhazi ngwana a na-anọchi anyana a na-anọchi anya

* "Ebe nchekwa data asụsụ zuru ụwa ọnụ:Gokana" Tower of Babel Project
* Brosnahan, LF (1964) " Nkọwapụta nke ụda olumba Gokana nke Ogoni " *Journal of West African Languages* 1(1): p.&nbsp;43–48
* Brosnahan, LF (1967) "Ndepụta Okwu nke Olumba Gokana nke Ogoni" *Journal of West African Languages* 4(2): p.&nbsp;43–52
* Hyman, Larry M. na Comrie, B. (1981) "Logophoric Reference in Gokana" *Journal of African Languages and Linguistics* (Leiden) 3(1): pp.&nbsp;19–37
* Hyman, Larry M. (1982) "Nnọchiteanya nke nasality na Gokana" *Na* Hulst, Harry, van der na Smith, Norval (eds.) (1982) *Ọdịdị nke ihe nnọchiteanya nke ụda olu*, 1 Foris Publishing, Dordrecht, Holland, 
* Yan Huang (2003) " Ngbanwe-ntụaka na Amele na logophoric verbal suffix in Gokana: a generalized neo-Gricean pragmatic analysis " *Na* Georgiafentis, M.; Haeberli, E, na Varlokosta, S. (eds.) (2003) *Ịgụ akwụkwọ na-arụ ọrụ n'asụsụ asụsụ* Mpịakọta 7, p.&nbsp;53–76, Ụlọ Akwụkwọ nke Linguistics na Ọmụmụ Asụsụ etinyere, Mahadum Ọgụgụ, Ọgụgụ, UK
* Bond, Oliver na Anderson, Gregory DS (2005) "Ụdị dị iche iche n'asụsụ Ogonoid" *Na* (2005) *Usoro nke Berkeley Linguistic Society* Volume 31, Berkeley Linguistic Society, Berkeley, California
Asụsụ Uma

**Uma** (nke a na-akpọ ** ) bụ asụsụ Austronesia a na-asụ na Central na South Sulawesi, Indonesia.

## fonology

### Consonants

*  acts as a nasal in some respects and causes the nasalization of non-front vowels (e.g., [] 'ten'→ with nasal vowels).
*  is realized as retroflex  contiguous to non-front vowels.
*  is neutralized word-initially, and is the only consonant that can occur in the coda or word-finally.
* In the Lincio variety of Central Uma,  is pronounced .
* The semivowel  is rare, found mainly in loan words.
* The affricate /tʃ/ is found only following /n/, i.e., in the prenasalized stop /ⁿtʃ/.

## Nhazi nke ụdị Umma
Ethnologue (edemede 17, 2013) matara olumba asaa nke Uma.

* Banana
* Bengaulu (= Bingkolu)
* Kantewu (= Central Uma)
* Aria (= Ndịda Uma)
* Tobaku (= Ompa, Dompa, Western Uma)
* Tolee' (= Eastern Uma)
* Winatu (= Northern Uma)

Martens (2014) ghọtara isi olumba isii nke Uma,  na-achọpụta na olumba Tori'untu fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara ịla n'iyi n'ihi mmechi nke olumba Kantewu na asụsụ ndị na-abụghị nke uma.

* Kantewu (= Central)
* Ndịda
* Tolee'
* Tobaku
* Winatu
* Tori'untu

Martens na-achọpụtakwa olumba abụọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na Uma a na-asụ na Pasangkayu Regency .

* Sarudu
* Bengaulu (= Bingkolu)

## Ntụaka
na-ejikọta ngwaa ndị a n'ụdị ngwaa ndị ọzọ, na nhazi ngwa

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ
Asụsụ Poula

**Poula** bụ asụsụ Angami-Pochuri nke ndị Poumai Naga na-asụkarị na mpaghara Senapati na Manipur na mpaghara Phek na Nagaland, India . Asụsụ Chingjaroi nwekwara njikọ chiri anya na Poula mana ọ dị iche. Asụsụ nkọwa nke Poula dị. 

## Ụtọ asụsụ

### fonology
phonology nke Poula enweghị codas nke na-anabatakwa ụyọkọ consonant na ọnọdụ mmalite . Enwere ekwentị consonant 25 na Poula.

### Consonants

### Udaume
Enwere ụdaume isii na Poula.

Na Poula, e ji grapheme dee fọnịm /ə/ na grapheme ' ü ' (ugbu a, ọtụtụ ndị na-eji ya dị ka 'ii') n'ime Akwụkwọ Nsọ na Abụ nke Bible Society of India chepụtara. Na mgbakwunye na Poula enweghi ụdaume dị elu azụ gburugburu [u] dị ka monophthong,  ma [u] dị na njikọ nke diphthong; ọmụmaatụ pou [pəu] 'nna'.

Poula bụ asụsụ ụda olu, agbanyeghị ụda adịghị ugbu a akara n'ọkpụkpụ . Enwere tonemes anọ na Poula. 

Poula bụ asụsụ na-emepe emepe - n'adịghị ka asụsụ Kuki-Chin - maka inwe ọdịdị ọdịdị dị mfe. 

### Ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ
Aha na ngwaa bụ klaasị okwu ọdịnaya abụọ. Enweghị klaasị okwu 'adjective' na 'adverbs', agbanyeghị ngwaa akpọrọ aha nwere ike gbanwee aha na ngwaa converbial na-enweghị oke nwere ike gbanwee ngwaa. Ahụrụ ọtụtụ mkpụrụokwu arụrụ arụ. 

## Ntụaka


## Njikọ mpụga

* Nchịkọta akwụkwọ asụsụ Poumai Naga nke asụsụ Poumai Naga (Poula) dị n'ime ebe nchekwa akụrụngwa Kọmputa maka Asụsụ Ndịda Eshia (CoRSAL)
Urak Lawoiʼ language

G 

**Urak Lawoiʼ** ma ọ bụ **Urak Lawoc** (Urak Lawoiʼ: ,  ) bụ asụsụ Malaịk a na-asụ na ndịda Thailand.

Orang (Suku) Laut bi n'etiti Sumatra na Malay Peninsula na-ekwu okwu nkuzi Malaịk dị iche iche, nke nwere njikọ na-adọrọ mmasị na ụdị Sumatran Malay dị iche iche. 

## phonology na orthography

### Udaume

* N'ime mkpụrụokwu mechiri emechi, ụfọdụ ụdaume na-agbanwe àgwà ha:
**  na-aghọ  (   'oghere').
**  na-aghọ  (   'nlaghachi').
**  na-aghọ  (   'afọ').
* Epenthetic  na  a na-agbakwunye mgbe ụdaume dị elu  n'otu n'otu (  'ìhè',  'ịtụfuo').
* A na -agbatị ụdaume dịtụ ntakịrị n'ime mkpụrụokwu mepere emepe mesiri ike.
* Udaume ndị ọzọ karịa  na -nasalized ubé mgbe consonants imi . Ọ bụrụ na mkpụrụedemede na-esonụ nwere  ka mmalite, nke a na-esikwa imi imi (   'ịkwa ákwá',   'Ahu, onwe').

**ndetu:** N'edemede Thai, kọlụm aka ekpe na-anọchite anya ụda olu maka mkpụrụokwu mepere emepe, ebe nke ziri ezi maka nkeji okwu mechiri emechi. Maka mkpụrụokwu na ụdaume *ö*, tupu consonants *k*, *m*, *n*, *ng*, *p*, na *t*, a naghị ede ụdaume. N'otu aka ahụ, a naghị eji diacritic maka *a* tupu *q* . Udaume ọ bụla nwere akara mkpuruokwu mechiri emechi nwere uru bara uru nke  mgbe ejighi ya na consonant na-aga nke ọma.

### Consonants

*  and  allophones are influenced by Thai, whereas  is influenced by Malay.
* Aspirated consonants and  only appear in loanwords (mostly from Thai).
* Phonetically,  and  is pronounced , and  (after back vowels and ) or  (after front vowels), respectively, syllable-finally.
*  becomes  after , otherwise  in syllable-final positions (  'space' vs.   'doctor').
*  is compensatorily lengthened to phonetically long . In stressed positions, the vowel cluster fluctuates between .
* The coda stop  after a front vowel becomes  (  'sheep').
* Syllable-initial stops , with the same syllable containing a back vowel and coda , are labialized to  and  respectively (  'to utter').

*  and  can be treated as a part of diphthongs or triphthongs.
*  only exists in the Phuket dialect.

### Nchegbu na ụda olu

## Ntụaka
na-ejikọta ngwaa ndị a n'ụdị ngwaa ndị ọzọ, na nhazi ngwa
Asụsụ Naba

**Naba** bụ asụsụ Nilo-Saharan nke ihe dị ka mmadụ 500,000 na-asụ na Chad .  A na-akpọ ndị na-asụ asụsụ a Lisi, aha mkpokọta maka agbụrụ atọ nwere njikọ chiri anya, Bilala, Kuka na Medogo, nke na-anọchite anya olumba atọ nke Naba na-ekewa. Ha na-ebi tumadi na Batha Prefecture, mana Kuka bikwa na Chari-Baguirmi . *Ethnologue* na-ekwu na myirịta nke mkpụrụokwu dị n'etiti olumba atọ ahụ agaghị erughị 99%.  A na-asụkarị Arabic dị ka asụsụ nke abụọ. 

## fonology

### Consonants

### Udaume

## Ntụaka
nwere njikọ chiri anya, Bilala, Kuka na Medogo, nke na-

## Njikọ mpụga

* Akwụkwọ na akụkụ nke Bilala
Asụsụ Sangiric

Asụsụ Sangiric bụ obere m nke Asụsụ Austronesian a na-asụ na North Sulawesi, Indonesia na ọtụtụ obere nchọpụta dị n'ebe ugwu nke dị na Philippines.  A na-hazi ha dị ka alaka nke obere m Philippines.

## Nchịkọta
Atụmatụ nkewa na-esonụ sitere na James Sneddon (1984:57). 
 
A na-aṅụ North Sangiric na Sangir na Talaud archipelagos nke Indonesia dị n'ebe ugwu Sulawesi, yana Sarangani Islands nke Philippines dị n'ụdị ndịda Mindanao.  A na-asụ asụsụ South Sangiric n'ebe ndịdị iche iche n'ụdị ugwu nke Sulawesi.  A na-asụ Bantik na mpaghara Manado, ebe a na-asụrụ Ratahan n'ebe ndịda Ọdọ Tondano..

## Ihe owuwu
 
Sneddon (1984) wughachila Proto-Sangiric (PSan). 

### Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

Ezigbo ụlọ ụfọdụ nke *R edoghị anya.  egwu ya bụ Sangil [r], Sangir, Ratahan [h], Talaud [ʒ ~ k:], Bantik zero.  Sneddon na-eche na ọ nwere ike ịbụ coarticulated apical trill na velar friction, nke bụ mmezu a na-ama nke Sangil [r].

### Mgbanwe ụda mgbe e mesịrị
Ọtụtụ n'ime ụzọ ndị a yiri nke South Sulawesi, nke a na-asụ n'ụdị nke ọzọ nke Sulawesi.

* Diphth*o* **ey* *na* **ow* ka dị na Bantik na Ratahan, a na-ejikwa ya na e na o n'ebe ndị ọzọ.
* Nkọwa dị mfe:
** A ka na-ejigide nkwụsị ikpeazụ niile **-p*, **-t*, **-k* na Ratahan (ma ọ bụghị **-t* > *-ʔ*) na Talaud, mana emeela ka ọ dị mfe *-ʔ* n'ebe ọzọ.
** A ka na-ejigide imi ikpeazụ **-m*, **-n* na ***-ŋ** na Ratahan na Talaud, mana emeela ka ọ dị mfe -ŋ n'ebe ọzọ.
** Mkpụrụ okwu ndị ọzọ niile na-agbaso paragoge, lee n'okpuru ebe a.
* Paragoge:
** *-əʔ* na Sangir na Sangil;
** *-Vʔ* na Bantik (V na-anọchite anya ụdaume echo); na
** *-a* na Talaud (nke a na-ebute ụzọ site na gemination nke ụdaume ma e wezụga *ʔ*).
** **uRas* → *urasəʔ*: *uhasaʔ*: *užasa* (ma geminated na **inum* → *inumma*)   
* Nkọwa nke **R*:
** *h* na Bantik, Ratahan, na Sangir;
** *r* na Sangil; na
** *k* mgbe okwu ikpeazụ ma ọ bụ na-esote **ə*, na *ž* n'ebe ọzọ na Talaud.
* Nkọwa nke **l*;
** ḷ na Bantik n'ọnọdụ niile, na Sangil na Talaud mgbe ọ bụghị okwu ikpeazụ na ụdaume azụ **a*, **o*, na **u* (na tupu ụdaume ihu na Sangil);
** Na Sangil n'etiti ụdaume azụ na ụdaume azụ; na ụdaume na-esote ma okwu ikpeazụ (**V1l#*); na
** *l* n'ebe ọzọ.

### Okwu
Tebụl ntụnyere (obere nhọrọ sitere na Sneddon 1984:61-114) na-egosi mmetụta dị n'etiti ahia Sangiric, okwu nketa yana ihe ọhụrụ Sangiric.

## Hụkwa

* Asụsụ Minahasan
* Asụsụ Gorontalo-Mongondow
* Asụsụ nke Sulawesi

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Sangiric na Ethnologue (23rd ed., 2020).
Asụsụ Tamanic

**Asụsụ Tamanic** bụ obere asụsụ Kapuas Hulu Regency, West Kalimantan :

* Embaloh (gụnyere Kalis)
* Taman (Taman Dayak)

Asụsụ Tamanic enweghị njikọ chiri anya na asụsụ ndị ọzọ na Borneo. Kama, ha so na asụsụ South Sulawesi, ma eleghị anya n'otu alaka yana Buginese .   

## Mgbanwe ụda
Nke a bụ ndepụta mgbanwe ụda sitere na Proto-Malayo-Polynesia n'asụsụ Tamanic dị iche iche. 

### Consonants

* Ngwakọta ụda olu:
** **D* jikọtara na *d* .
** **j* jikọtara n'ime *s*, mana ejikọta na *d* na-eso ** n* .
** **h*, **q* jikota n'ime *∅*, Otú ọ dị, na okwu-ikpeazụ ọnọdụ ka ha pụta dị iche iche.
** **z* jikọtara na *d* .
* Lenition na intervocalic ọnọdụ:
** **-b-* > *-w-* (mgbe ụfọdụ na-ehichapụ).
** **-d-* > *-r-* (nke izizi **D* na **z* na-emetụtakwa).
** **-ŋ-*, **-k-* > *-∅-* na Taman ( **takut* > *ataut* ).
** Mgbe ewepụtara ma ọ bụ na-eso consonant imi, fọnịm izizi na-adị.
* **l* na-ejikọta ya na *r* tupu *r* n'otu nkeji ma ọ bụ na-eso syllable ( ** ulaR* > *urar* "agwọ").
** Na Taman, ** r* na-agbanwekwa ka *n* after **r* ( *urar* : *ura* ).
* Mmepe nke njedebe glottal ikpeazụ ( *-ʔ* ) sitere na isi mmalite enweghị nkọwa.
** **-q* > *-ʔ*, ma **-h* > **-∅*
** A na-echepụta ihe omume ndị ọzọ site na ekwentị izizi Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-ʔ* .

### Udaume

* **aya*, *aV* > **a:* ( *qi Daya* > Embaloh *ira:* )
** Na Taman, a na-egosipụta ya mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka *ɛ:* ( Malay *lain* > *lɛ: n* ).
* ** ewepụrụ gị* *n'ihu* ** u* na nkeji okwu na-esonụ ( **tumpul* > *timpul* "blunt").
* **ay*, **ey* na **aw*, **ew e* bụ monophthonged n'ime *e* na *o*, n'otu n'otu.
* **-iq* na **-uq* ghọrọ *-e* na *-o* n'otu n'otu.

## Nkọwapụta ihe ọhụrụ pụrụ iche na ezinụlọ asụsụ South Sulawesi ma ọ bụ Buginese
Enwere ọtụtụ myirịta n'asụsụ South Sulawesi,  dịka ọmụmaatụ:

## Ntụaka
anọchite anya olumba atọ nke Naba na-ekewa. Ha na-ebi tumadi na Batha
Asụsụ Titan

**Titan**, nke a makwaara dị ka **Manus**, bụ asụsụ East Manus nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Austronesia na-asụ na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Manus Island, New Guinea, na àgwàetiti ndị gbara ya gburugburu site n'ihe dị ka mmadụ 4,000.

Titan nwere trill bibial na consonants prenasalized, dị ka ọ dị na  'ụmụ agbọghọ' na  'efere osisi'.

## fonology
Fonology nke asụsụ Titan:

A na-eche na ụda consonant dị na mbike ọ dị naanị na Titan, ma ọ bụ ịdị adị n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ nke Titan.

Ụda /e/ nwekwara ike iji ụda etiti mepere emepe gbanwere /ɛ/. 

## Ntụaka
ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Manus Island, New Guinea, na àgwàetiti ndị

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* Bowern, Claire (2011). *Sivisa Titan: Sketch ụtọ ụtọ asụsụ, ederede, okwu dabere na ihe P. Josef Meier na Po Minis anakọtara.* Mbipụta Pụrụ Iche Asụsụ Oceanic Nke 38. Honolulu: Mahadum nke Hawai'i Press.
* Ladefoged, Peter (2005). *Udaume na Consonants* (edemede nke abụọ) Blackwell.
Asụsụ Sougb

**Sougb**, ma ọ bụ **Sogh**, bụ asụsụ Papuan nke ezinụlọ East Bird Head nke a na-asụ n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Isi Bird Peninsula n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Meyah na na ndịda Manokwari, gụnyere mpaghara Soug Jaya District, Teluk Wondama Regency . Ọ nwere olumba anọ ma ihe dị ka puku mmadụ iri na abụọ na-asụ ya n'ozuzu ya. A na-akpọkwa asụsụ a dị ka **Mantion**, ma ọ bụ **Manicion**, okwu mkparị mbụ nke ndị Biak ji . 

## Nkesa
Ebe: 

* Pegunungan Arfak Regency
** Mpaghara Anggi
* Manokwari Regency
** Mpaghara Manokwari Barat (na obodo Ayambori) na mpaghara Warmare
* Manokwari Selatan Regency
** Mpaghara Dataran Isim: Tubes na obodo Duhugesa
* Manokwari Selatan Regency (olumba Bohon)
** Mpaghara Tahota: Obodo Seimeba
* Teluk Bintuni Regency (olumba raw)
** Mpaghara Manimeri: Obodo Atibo, Pasamai na Botai
** Mpaghara Bintuni: Obodo Bintuni
* Teluk Wondama Regency (olumba Wepu)
** Mpaghara Sougb Jaya: Obodo Kaprus, Siresi, Yarmatum, Reyob, na Nuspairo
** Mpaghara Rumberpon: Obodo Iseren na Watitindau

## fonology

### Consonants

* A na-ekwupụta nkwụsị /b, d/ mgbe niile n'okwu mmalite na ọnọdụ mkparịta ụka, mana a na-anụ ya dị ka enweghị olu [p, t] mgbe ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ okwu-ikpeazụ.
* A na-anụ ụda mpụta na trill /l, r/ naanị n'otu n'otu, n'efu n'etiti okwu.
* A na-anụ glides [j, w] n'ihi /i, u/ n'ime usoro ụdaume (dị ka /ei, ou, ai, au/).
* Edere /ɡʷ/ ka *gb*, a na-anụkwa ya ka [ ɡʷ̚ ] . Ma enwere ike ịnụ ya dị ka [ ɡʷ ], [ ɡ͡bʷ ], ma ọ bụ [ ɣʷ ] mgbe ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ.
* /n/ nwere ike ịnụ dị ka palatal [ ɲ ] mgbe a na-eso /i/, na dị ka velar [ ŋ ] mgbe ọ na-aga n'ihu nkwụsị.
* Enwere ike ịnụ /h/ dị ka [ x ] mgbe ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ ikpeazụ.
* /ɡ/ nwekwara ike ịnụ dị ka okwu na-ese okwu [ ɣ ] n'ọkwa intervocalic. 

### Udaume

* Enwere ike ịnụ /i/ dịka [ ɪ ] n'ime mkpụrụokwu na-edochaghị anya.
* Enwere ike ịnụ /a/ ka [ ɐ ] na mkpụrụokwu mechiri emechi. 

## Ntụaka
ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Manus Island, New Guinea, na àgwàetiti ndị gbara ya g

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ihe ndị dị na Sougb gụnyere na oghere oghere Arthur Capell ( AC1 ) na Bert Voorhoeve ( CLV1 ) nke Paradisec nwere.
*
Asụsụ Barito

**Asụsụ Barito** dị ihe dị ka asụsụ iri abụọ Austronesian nke Indonesia ( Borneo ), gbakwunyere Malagasy, asụsụ mba Madagascar, na asụsụ Sama–Bajaw gburugburu Sulu Archipelago. Akpọrọ ha aha nke osimiri Barito dị na South Kalimantan, Indonesia.

Otu obere ndị Barito bụ Hudson (1967),  nwere ngalaba atọ nke *East Barito*, *West Barito* na *Mahakam (Barito–Mahakam)* tụpụtara ya. Ụfọdụ na-eche na ọ bụ *Sprachbund* kama ịbụ ezigbo clade . Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Adelaar (2005) jụrụ Barito dị ka otu dị irè n'agbanyeghị ịnakwere obere omenala dịka North Bornean na Malayo-Sumbawan .

Asụsụ Malagasy sitere na mpaghara South East Borneo (Indonesia nke oge a), e jikọtara ya na Ma'anyan n'ime otu ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Barito,  ya na Malagasy na-etinye ọtụtụ okwu mgbazinye Indonesian - Malay na Javanese .   A maara na ndị Malay na ndị Java kpọtaara ndị Ma'anyan ka ndị ọrụ na ndị ohu na ụgbọ mmiri ha na-azụ ahịa, nke rutere Madagascar site na ca. 50–500 AD.    Dabere n'ihe akaebe asụsụ, a tụwo aro na e bugara Malagasy n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Africa n'etiti narị afọ nke 7 na nke 13.   O yikarịrị ka obodo ndị na-asụ Malagasy dị iche amalitelarị na Borneo tupu ndị mbụ Malagasy kwabatara na Madagascar.  

## Barito ka ukwuu
Blust (2006) tụrụ aro na asụsụ Sama-Bajaw na-enwetakwa site na mpaghara lexical Barito, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị site n'otu ọ bụla guzobere,  na *Ethnologue* sochiri, na-akpọ otu nke sitere na 'Greater Barito'.

Smith (2017, 2018)   tụpụtara njikọ nke Greater Barito na alaka ndị a, wee were Basap dịka nwanne nwanyị nke njikọ njikọ Greater Barito, na-etolite otu *Basap–Greater Barito* .
 
Otu ndị mbụ East Barito (gụnyere Smith's Southeast Barito, Central-East Barito na Northeast Barito) na West Barito (gụnyere Southwest Barito na Northwest Barito) ka Smith jụrụ.

## West Kalimantan dị iche iche
 
Ụfọdụ otu agbụrụ Dayak na-asụ Barito na asụsụ ha dị na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ Kalimantan, Indonesia:  

## Hụkwa
 

* Asụsụ Indonesia
* Ndị Indonesia si mba ofesi
* Ụmụ amaala Indonesia

## Ntụaka
car site na ca. 50–500 AD. [1] [2] [3] Dabere n'ihe akaebe asụsụ, a tụwo aro na e bugara Malagasy n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Africa n'etiti
Asụsụ Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa

Asụsụ Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa bụ otu egwuregwu ndị yiri ibe ha nke a na-asụ na Indonesia na-amata Lesser Sunda Islands (Bali na West Nusa Tenggara).  Asụsụ atọ ahụ bụ Bali_language" id="mwDA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Balinese language">Balinese na Bali, Sasak na Lombok, na Sumbawa na ike Sumbawa.
thumb|250x250px|'''Asụsụ Malay Sumbawa''' (Asụsụ Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa gbara gburugburu na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ) <br />

* Balinese
* Sasak-Sumbawa
** Sasak
** Sumbawa

Asụsụ ndị nwere nwere myirịta Ndị Javanese, nke ọtụtụ nhazi weere dị ka ihe nri nke ndị dị n'etiti ha.  Otú ọ dị, ihe yiri ya na-eme mgbanwe "dị elu" (asụsụ / okwu eze) nke Balinese na Sasak;  mgbe a na- ndị na- "dị ala" (okwu nke), njikọ yiri ka ọ bụ na Madurese na Malay.  (Lee Asụsụ Malay-Sumbawan.)

Ọnọdụ nke ahia Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa n'ime egwuregwu Malayo-Polynesian edoghị anya.  Adelaar (2005) kenyere ha na obere "Malayo-Sumbawan" buru ibu, [1] mana mmemme a ka na-ese okwu.

## Asụsụ

## Ihe odide