E. Simms Campbell

**Elmer Simms Campbell** (January 2, 1906 – January 27, 1971) was an American commercial artist best known as the cartoonist who signed his work, **E. Simms Campbell**. The first African-American cartoonist published in nationally distributed, slick magazines, he created Esky, the familiar pop-eyed mascot of *Esquire*.

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Campbell na St. Louis, Missouri, nwa nke ndị nkụzi, Elizabeth Simms Campbell na Elmer Campbell. Nna ya bụ osote onye isi nke Summer High School na St. Louis ma bụrụkwa onye na-agba ọsọ na bọọlụ na Mahadum Howard. Nna ya nwụrụ mgbe Campbell dị afọ anọ.

Ya na nne ya kwagara Chicago, Illinois, ebe ọ gara Mahadum Chicago. Campbell gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Englewood Technical Prep Academy nke obodo ahụ. N'ebe ahụ, ọ bụ onye na-ese ihe nkiri maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị kwa izu, nke onye isi njikwa International News Service, Seymour Berkson dezigharịrị. O mechara banye na Mahadum Chicago. Mgbe otu afọ gasịrị, Campbell hapụrụ Mahadum Chicago wee kwaga ma nata nzere ya na Chicago Art Institute.

## Ọrụ ọkachamara
N'oge ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ere nri n'ụgbọ okporo ígwè, Campbell na-ese ihe osise nke ndị njem ụgbọ okporo ígwè mgbe ụfọdụ, otu n'ime ndị ahụ, nwere mmasị na nkà Campbell, nyere ya ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ nka St. Louis, Triad Studios.

Ọ nọrọ afọ abụọ na Triad Studios tupu ọ kwaga New York City na 1929. Otu ọnwa mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ chọtara ọrụ na obere ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi, Munig Studios, wee malite ịmụ ihe na National Academy of Design .  N'oge a, o nyere aka na magazin dị iche iche, ọkachasị Life, & Judge . 

N'ịgbaso aro nke onye na-ese ihe nkiri Russell Patterson iji lekwasị anya na ezigbo ihe osise ụmụ agbọghọ,  Campbell mepụtara "Harem Girls" ya, usoro ihe osise mmiri nke dọtara uche na mbipụta mbụ nke *Esquire*, nke malitere na 1933. Ihe osise Campbell dị n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mbipụta ọ bụla nke Esquire site na 1933 ruo 1958 ọ bụkwa onye mepụtara ihe nkedo ya na-aga n'ihu, onye na-ese ihe nkiri na okpu silk.

O nyekwara aka na The Chicagoan, Cosmopolitan, *Ebony*, The New Yorker, *Playboy*, Opportunity: A Journal of Negro Life, Pictorial Review, na Redbook.

Ihe osise azụmahịa ya maka mgbasa ozi gụnyere ihe osise maka Barbasol, Springmaid, na Hart Schaffner & Marx.

Campbell bụkwa onye dere otu isi na egwu blues n'akwụkwọ Jazzmen nke afọ 1939, ọmụmụ ihe dị mkpa banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme na mmepe jazz.

Campbell nwụrụ na White Plains, New York, na 1971.

## Akwụkwọ
King Features jikọtara panel ya, Cuties, n'ihe karịrị akwụkwọ akụkọ 145, ma mesịa chịkọta ya na mpempe akwụkwọ nke Avon bipụtara.

## "A Night-Club Map nke 1930s Harlem"
N'ime mmasị ọdịbendị na akụkọ ihe mere eme na-adịgide adịgide bụ map mara mma, nke jupụtara na eserese Campbell sere na 1932 - "A Night-Club Map of 1930s Harlem" - na-achọpụta ihe na-adọrọ mmasị nke Harlem n'oge Harlem Renaissance ma na-agbakwunye ihe odide nke onwe ya. Ọ na-ejide ike nke ihe nkiri ahụ: n'ime blọk ole na ole nke ibe ya, o meela ka Cab Calloway na-abụ abụ na Cotton Club, Bill "Bojangles" Robinson na-agba egwu ya na Lafayette Theater - "Friday night is the Midnight show, Most Negro revues begins and end here". Lissome "cafe au lait girls" dance at Small's Paradise. N'èzí, ndị na-ahụ maka ọnụ ụzọ na-anabata ndị ọcha na okpu elu, ebe di na nwunye ojii mara mma na-agba egwu "Bump"?

Map Campbell pụtara na akwụkwọ nke Ken Burns's documentary *Jazz*. Map ahụ n'ozuzu ya pụtakwara dị ka mkpuchi ihu nke "Of Minnie the Moocher and Me", akụkọ ndụ nke Cab Calloway nke Cab Calleway na Bryant Rollins (TY Crowell, 1976). Onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Jazz bụ Mike Thibault na-akọ na Smithsonian gosipụtara nke mbụ na 1996.  A na-edebe map ahụ ugbu a na Yale Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library . 

Na Eprel 4, 2017, National Geographic bipụtara otu isiokwu na map nke gụnyere map na ọtụtụ akụkụ ya buru ibu.  Ha gosipụtara ya ọzọ n'afọ 2020 nye ndị debanyere aha akwụkwọ akụkọ ha, n'etiti nchịkọta map pụrụ iche nke New York City. 

## Nkwado
N'afọ 1940, e nyere Campbell 1 n'ime 33 dioramas na American Negro Exposition na Chicago. N'afọ 2020, a nabatara Campbell n'ime Ụlọ Nzukọ nke Eisner Award. 

## Edensibia

Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations