Belfast Harp Societies

**Belfast Harp Society** (1808–1813) na onye nọchiri ya, **Irish Harp Society** (1819–1839), bụ otu ndị na-eme ebere e guzobere n'obodo Belfast, Ireland, maka ebumnuche nke ịkwado egwu na omenala nke ndị na-akpọ ụbọ akwara Irish na-agagharị agagharị, na nke abụọ, ịkwalite ọmụmụ asụsụ Irish, akụkọ ihe mere eme, na ihe ochie. Maka nkwado ya, otu mbụ ahụ dabere na ndị agha ochie nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ịhụ mba n'anya na mgbanwe nke afọ 1780 na 1790, gụnyere ọtụtụ ndị Irish United Men na-enweghị nchegharị. N'ime nkewa nke òtù okpukpe ya, Belfast ghọrọ onye iro na-arịwanye elu maka mmasị Protestant na omenala Irish pụrụ iche. Òtù ahụ laghachiri azụ dị ka Irish Harp Society na 1819 naanị n'ihi nnukwu ndenye aha na oge nke sitere n'aka ndị si mba ọzọ na India. Ozugbo isi mmalite ahụ gwụchara, otu ọhụrụ ahụ kwụsịrị ọrụ ya.

## Òtù Belfast Harp

### Ndị debanyere aha
E hiwere Belfast Harp Society n'ọgbakọ emere n'ụbọchị St. Patrick, 1808, bụ atụmatụ nke ndị otu Society for Promoting Knowledge (Linen Hall Library) . Ndị dọkịta obodo bụ James MacDonnell, Samuel Bryson na Robert Tennent sere iwu ndị a. Ebumnuche ndị e kwupụtara bụ: ichekwa egwu mba na ngwa egwu mba Ireland site n'ịkụziri ọtụtụ ụmụaka kpuru ìsì ịkpọ ụbọ akwara Irish, nakwa inweta na ịgbasa ozi gbasara asụsụ, akụkọ ihe mere eme na ihe ochie nke Ireland.N'ịbụ onye isi ndepụta mmadụ 191 na-ekwe nkwa maka ebumnuche a n'etiti otu guinea na iri abụọ guinea kwa afọ,  bụ onye nwe obodo ahụ, Marquess nke Donegall .  Onyeisiala ahụ bụ Earl O'Neill .  Ma n'ime ndị debanyere aha na obodo Presbyterian nke ukwuu, ọtụtụ ndị, dịka ndị United Irishmen, gbara ndị oké ozu na ndị Anglican ha aka. Gilbert McIlveen, onye guzobere United Irishmen  bụ onyeisi otu ahụ ma dabere na nkwado nke Dr. William Drennan, onye dịka onye dere ule United Irish ma ọ bụ nkwa kpọrọ oku maka "njikọta ike n'etiti ndị Irish nke okpukperechi ọ bụla";  Nwanne nwanyị Drennan na onye ya na ya so na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, Martha McTier ; Francis, John, na Mary Ann McCracken, ụmụnne nwoke na nwanne nwanyị nke Henry Joy McCracken bụ onye duziri ndị nnupụisi ahụ gburu nna Earl O'Neill n'agha na Antrim ma mesịa kwụgbuo ya; Nwanne Robert Tennent bụ́ William, onye bụbu onye mkpọrọ steeti; na Thomas McCabe, nwa ya nwoke bụ́ William Putnam McCabe a manyere ịga mba ọzọ na France mgbe ọ gbasịrị mbọ ya na Robert Emmet ka ha mee ka nnupụisi nke ndị Republican maliteghachi na 1803. 

Mmalite nke otu a malitere n'oge Ememme Harp mbụ nke Belfast mere na Julaị 1792. Emere nke a maka ọdịmma nke Belfast Charitable Society mana o dabara na emume ụbọchị Bastille nke obodo ahụ. Ndị a juputara na ngagharị iwe nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mpaghara ahụ, na mkpebi, nke ndị otu United Irishmen e guzobere ọhụrụ mere, iji kwado nnwere onwe Katọlik na mgbanwe omeiwu . 

### Egwu na asụsụ

Ndị otu Belfast Society for Promoting Knowledge (nke a maara n'oge ahụ dị ka Belfast Reading Society) haziri Ememme Harp nke afọ 1792 ọzọ: James MacDonnell, Henry Joy, Robert Bradshaw na Robert Simms .  N'ịbụ ndị MacDonnell gbara ume ma ezinụlọ ya na-azụlite ya kwadoro, Edward (Atty) Bunting dere egwu nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri iri ahụ. Na 1808, a họpụtara ya onye nduzi egwu nke otu ọhụrụ ahụ, ebe Mary Ann McCracken na-arụ ọrụ n'ụzọ na-ezighi ezi dị ka odeakwụkwọ ya.  Onye nkuzi Bunting bụ onye kacha eme ihe nkiri n'ime ndị na-eme ihe nkiri 1792, Arthur O'Neill nke Dungannon, ugbu a dị afọ 75. O'Neill ga-akụziri ụmụaka dara ogbenye site na afọ iri, ndị kpuru ìsì dịka ya, ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke ichekwa ihe nketa egwu ya na, dị ka ndị na-akpọ ụbọ akwara, iji zọpụta ebubo ya na ndụ ịda ogbenye.

Na Julaị 1809, Society gbasaara mmemme ya iji tinye klaasị n'asụsụ Irish . James Cody nyere ya, Mary Ann McCracken (onye a maara na ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na asụsụ Irish nke Charles Vallenty),   na ndị enyi ya Gaeilgeoir, na ndị otu ya debanyere aha, onye na-ede uri bụ Mary Balfour nke Limavady na ụmụnne ya bụ Samuel na Andrew Bryson nabatara ha nke ọma.  Dr MacDonnell, Robert James Tennent (nwa Robert Tennent), na injinia Alexander Mitchell tinyere aka na ndenye aha ọzọ iji kwado mbọ Cody. Cody jiri akwụkwọ William Neilson bipụtara ọhụrụ *nke Introduction to the Irish Language* . 

Na Disemba nke afọ ahụ, ụmụ akwụkwọ ya iri na abụọ kpuru O'Neill gaa nri abalị iji gosi mbipụta nke akwụkwọ nke abụọ nke Bunting *<nowiki/>'s Ancient Music of Ireland.* Ha zutere "n'ụzọ dị oke egwu", e mere emume egwu ha dị ka mmeri.  Site na isi ihe a, ihe gbasara Society emeghị nke ọma.

### Demis
Na Febụwarị 1810, O'Neill boro naanị nwa akwụkwọ ya nwanyị, Miss Reilly, ebubo na ya na nwa akwụkwọ ọzọ nwere "mmekọrịta na-ekwesịghị ekwesị". Ọ bụ ezie na a tọhapụrụ ya mgbe a nyochachara ya, ihe merenụ sochiri ihe ọjọọ ahụ bụ ịchụpụ mmadụ abụọ n'ime klas O'Neill dị ka "ndị na-enweghị ike ịmụta ụbọ akwara site n'ọmụmụ ihe ha".  Ndị debanyere aha malitere ịkwụsị nkwado ha. Oge egwuregwu isii nke ịgba ego n'okpuru nkwado nke Marchioness nke Donegall enweghị ike ịkwụghachi ụgwọ ahụ. Na 1813, ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ mechiri. 

Njide e jidere onye na-ahụ maka ego ha, Robert Tennent, n'ọnwa Ọgọst afọ 1813 mere ka ihe isi ike nke otu ahụ ka njọ. Ka ọ na-aga n'ihu n'ọgbakọ obodo iji mee mkpesa maka ogbugbu e gburu ndị ngagharị iwe abụọ (ndị Protestant, ndị Presbyterian)   site n'aka ihe ọhụrụ dị na ndụ obodo ahụ, na-egosi Orangemen, a boro Tennent ebubo ịwakpo nwanne nwoke nke Lord Donegall na onye ụkọchukwu Anglican nke Belfast, Edward May. A mara ya ikpe ọnwa atọ. 

### Ihe nketa
Ụlọ ọrụ ochie nke Ireland, George Petrie, rụrụ ụka na Society nwere ntụpọ n'echiche: Mgbalị ndị Ugwu mere iji mee ka ụbọ akwara dịgide na Ireland site n'ịgbalị inye ọtụtụ ụmụ okorobịa dara ogbenye nkà nke onye na-akụ ụbọ akwara bụ n'otu oge ahụ ihe dị mma na nke ịhụ mba n'anya; mana ọ bụ ihe nzuzu. Ụbọ akwara n'oge ahụ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ nwụọ, mgbalị dị otú ahụ nwekwara ike inye ya naanị ụdị ike dị egwu. Nhọrọ nke ụmụ nwoke kpuru ìsì, n'enweghị nkwanye ùgwù maka ikike egwu ha karịa inwe akụkụ ahụ nke ịnụ ihe, maka oku nke mere ka ha bie ndụ na-awagharị, dabere na ndụ karịsịa ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị kpamkpam na ọmịiko nke ndị dara ogbenye, ma bụrụkwa ihe na-eme ka ha na-akpakọrịta, abụghị obiọma a na-atụle nke ọma, ekwesịghịkwa inwe olileanya ọ bụla maka ihe ịga nke ọma.Na 1818, a kọrọ na "ọtụtụ ndị na-akpọ ụbọ akwara kpuru ìsì gụrụ akwụkwọ na seminarị na Belfast" "na-agagharị n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke obodo ahụ", sitekwa n'inye ndị na-anụ ha ihe ntụrụndụ na-atọ ụtọ na nke na-adịghị emerụ ahụ", ha nwere ike ịkwado onwe ha. 

### Òtù Dublin
Òtù Belfast Harp bụ ihe nlereanya maka otu Harp Society na Dublin, ma dị njikere ịlanarị nwa oge.   John Bernard Trotter si Downpatrick (onye bụbu odeakwụkwọ nke Whig dị ike, Charles James Fox ) kpọbatara n'isi obodo Ireland otu nwoke nke so Arthur O'Neill gbaa ọsọ maka ịtụle ya dị ka "onye ikpeazụ n'ime agbụrụ ndị na-akpọ ụbọ akwara ochie", Patrick Quinn, onye na-akpọ ụbọ akwara kpuru ìsì si Portadown onye nwere ụbọ akwara Otway.  E hiwere ọha mmadụ n'ime ndị na-enyere ya aka, Sir Walter Scott na Thomas Moore . N'ime ọnwa abụọ, ọ malitere emume ncheta Carolan dị egwu n'obodo ahụ, mana ego Trotter gbapụrụ. Ọ dara ogbenye na 1812. 

## Òtù Egwu Irish

### Ndebanye aha Bengal
Arthur O'Neill lara ezumike nká na County Tyrone site na ego ezumike nká £30 nke James MacDonnell na nwanne ya nwoke Alexander nyere afọ ofufo, ha abụọ ka O'Neill kụziiri ha ịkpọ ụbọ akwara n'oge ha bụ nwata. N'ịbụ ndị bịara were onye na-akpọ ụbọ akwara kpuru ìsì dị ka akụ mba, Society n'onwe ya enyeghị ndokwa ọ bụla maka afọ ikpeazụ ya. E zigara akụkọ banyere nsogbu ego nke Society na ọnọdụ O'Neill ("Onyeisi Minstrel ikpeazụ nke Erin, onye na-enweghị enyi, onye nwere ume, na onye  ") na June na Nọvemba 1814 na *Belfast Commercial Chronicle* . N'ikpeazụ, ndị a ruru ndị Ireland si mba ọzọ nọ n'isi obodo British India n'oge ahụ, Calcutta . N'ihi ya, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ ise ka e mesịrị, ndị bụbu ndị otu bọọdụ ahụ hụrụ onwe ha na nnata nke ihe karịrị £1,000 "iji mee ka Harp na Ancient Music of Ireland dịghachi ndụ".  Ebe ọ bụ na O'Neill nwụrụ afọ atọ mgbe ahụ, ego ahụ raara nye mgbalị ọhụrụ nke were ndị bụbu ụmụ akwụkwọ O'Neill n'ọrụ.  

Na 1856, *akwụkwọ akụkọ The Illustrated London News* kọrọ na "egwu mba ochie nke Ireland na-adị ndụ site n'aka mmadụ ole na ole dị umeala n'obi, ndị na-agagharị n'obodo ha, karịsịa na-egwu egwu n'ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ". Naanị "onye na-akụ ụbọ akwara dị mma" fọdụrụ bụ Patrick Byrne, nke Farney, County Monaghan, onye nwere nsọpụrụ nke ịkpọ egwu n'ihu Queen Victoria na Balmoral afọ ole na ole gara aga.  Byrne gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Irish Harp School na Belfast na 1821. 

## Òtù Harp Historical Harp nke Ireland nke oge a
Kemgbe afọ 2002, otu Historical Harp Society nke Ireland dị na Kilkenny amaliteghachila ọrụ dị mkpa nke òtù harp Belfast. Site n'ịchọpụtaghachi ụbọ akwara ochie nke ụdị nke O'Neill na Rainey na-akpọ, HHSI na-achọ ịlaghachi "n'ụwa n'ezi ụda nke egwu Irish kacha ochie". Maka ebumnuche a, otu ahụ na-akpọkọta ndị na-ese ihe na ndị na-ege ntị, ndị egwuregwu na ndị nkuzi, ndị nchọpụta na ndị ọkachamara, na ndị na-eme harp na ndị ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara organism. 

## Leekwa

* Ndị Ulster zoro ezo, ndị Protestant na asụsụ Irish

## Ihe ndetu

## Edensibia

* Byers, David (2022). *Nzukọ nke Ndị Irish Harpers, 1780-1840* . Belfast: Akwụkwọ akụkọ Irish Pages. ISBN&nbsp; .
* Magee, John (1992). *Ihe Nketa nke Harp: Ọbá Akwụkwọ Linen Hall na Nchekwa Egwu Irish* . Belfast: Ọbá Akwụkwọ Linen Hall. ISBN&nbsp; .
Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations