Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Iwu nke London

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Ndị Charterlọ London bụ nnukwu ụlọ ihe mere eme na Farringdon, London, ngosi na ike afọ nke 14. Ọ nwere ala dị n'ụdị ugwu nke Charterhouse Square, ma dabere na mpaghara London nke Islington .  Ewubere ya (ma wepụta aha ya site na) Carthusian priory, hiwere na 1371 na saịtị nke ala olili ozu ojii .  N'ịgbaso mgbasa nke mbụ na 1537, e wu iche ya site na 1545 gaa n'ihu ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime nnukwu ụlọ Tudor London .  N'afọ 1611, Thomas Sutton ụlọ ụlọ ahụ, onye ọchụnta ego na "onye bara ihe na England", bụ onye ụlọ ụlọ akwụkwọ maka ndị na-eto eto na ụlọ ọrụ ebere maka ndị agadi.  Ụgwọ ọrụ ebere na- ugboro na-arụ ọrụ taa, ebe ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ kpọpụtara na 1872 na Godalming, Surrey . 

Ọ bụ ezie na iberibe iberibe na-adị ndụ site n'oge ndị mọnk, ọtụtụ n'ime ụlọ ndị ahụ guzoro ọtọ sitere na oge Tudor. Ya mere, taa, mgbagwoju anya "na-enye echiche doro anya banyere ụdị nnukwu ụlọ ọgbara ọhụrụ nke narị afọ nke 16 nke dịbu na London niile". [1]

Na 1348, Walter Manny gbaziri 13-acre (0.05 km nke ala dị na Spital Croft, n'ebe ugwu Long Lane, sitere na Master and Brethren of St Bartholomew's Hospital maka ili na olulu ihe otiti maka ọnwụ ọnwụ . E wuru ụlọ  ekpere na ebe a na-edebe ebe, nke a kpọpụtara aha New Church Haw;  Bekee, ebe obibi ndị mmadụ Carthusian a na-akpọ "Charterhouse" (nke sitere na Grande) Chartreuse, ebe obibi ndị mmadụ mbụ nke iwu), ya mere a na-akpọ ebe obibi ndị mọnk Carthusian na London dị ka "London Charterhouse.  "  Dị ka omenala Carthusian si dị, ndị mọnk iri abụọ na ise nke ọ ከላ nwere obere ụlọ na ubi nke ha.  Thomas More bịara ebe obibi ndị mọnk maka mgbake ime ime]

. E mechiri ebe obibi ndị mọnk ahụ na 1537, na Mgbasa nke ebe obibi ndị mọnk n'oge Ndozi-ụzọ Bekee .  Ka ha na-anya nzọrọ Henry nke Asatọ na ha bụ onye isi nke ọchịchị-nsọ, e mesoro ndị otu obodo ahụ n'ụzọ siri ike: n'oge gara aga, a kwụgburu John Houghton , dọpụta ya na onye anọ na Tyburn na  ndị mọnk iri a kpọgara n ike Newgate dị nso;  mmadụ map n'ime ndị a ka agụụ gụchara ma gbuo nke iri afọ atọ ka e nwee na Tower Hill .  Ha mebere otu a maara dị ka Carthusian Martyrs nke London

Ruo ọtụtụ awụ mgbe a gbasasịrị ihe mbụ, ndị òtù ngalaba Bassano bụ ndị na-azụ ngwá ọrụ so ná ndị bi n'ime ike ndị mbụ, ebe Henry nke Asaatọ na-echekwa ọrụ ọrụ nta na ụmụaka.  [1] N'afọ 1545, Sir Edward ( mechara bụrụ Onyenwe anyị) North (c. 1496-1564), onye na-ese foto ahụ dum, onye akwụkwọ ahụ bụbụrụ ụlọ nnukwu ụlọ okomoko.  North kwaturu ụlọ ụka ma wuo nnukwu ọnụ ụlọ yana nnukwu ụlọ dị n'ikiri.  [1] N'afọ 1558, n'oge North bi, Queen Elizabeth nke Mbụ ji ụlọ ahụ mee ihe n'oge a na-akwado maka echichi ya.

Mgbe North nwụsịrị, Thomas Howard, 4th Duke nke Norfolk chọtara ala ahụ, onye de ori aha ya Howard House .  N'afọ 1570, mgbe a eseya ndị na-eje ozi Elu London maka ịlụ ịlụ Mary, Queen of Scots, Norfolk bụ ndị a ghara ịhụ n'ibu na Charterhouse.  O were oge ya site n'ịchọ ụlọ ahụ mma, ma wuo ogologo terrace n'ogige (nke na-adị ndụ dị ka "Norfolk Cloister") na-eduga n'ogige tennis.  [1] N'afọ 1571, ibubere akwụkwọ aka Norfolk na nkata Ridolfi mgbe akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ozi sitere n'aka Meri n'okpuru ọnụ ụzọ ụlọ;  e gburu ya n’afọ sochiri ya.

Na Mee 1611 ọ batara n'aka Thomas Sutton (1532–1611) nke Knaith, Lincolnshire .  A àmà ya Master of Ordnance na Northern Parts, wee ike akụ na ngwaọrụ site na ike nke coal n'ala abụọ nke ọ gbazitere na nso Newcastle n'elu Tyne, na mgbe e ịhụ, mgbe ọ kwagara London, ọ gara n'ihu.  ndị ahịa.  Tupu ọ malite na 12 Disemba afọ ahụ, o nyere ụlọ ọgwụ na saịtị nke Charterhouse, na-akpọ ya Ọgwụ Ọgwụ nke King James;  na n'uche ya, o nyefere ego iji lekọta ụlọ ụka, ụlọ ọgwụ ( ụlọ ọrụ ebere ) na ụlọ akwụkwọ

Charterhouse n'oge aha ọma maka ngwaọrụ na ụlọ ụlọ, ekele na nke Henry Levett, MD, onye akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Oxford bụ onye sonyeere ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ dị ka ngosi na 1712.  odidé ike ya, ihe traktị mbụ nke kwuru ihe ahụ kịtịkpa .  E liri ya na Charterhouse Chapel, irọ di ya gburu wee lụọ Andrew Tooke, onye isi Charterhouse 

. akwụkwọ ahụ, akwụkwọ Charterhouse, sample ebumnobi mbụ nke onye akwụkwọ ya, ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze a na- ngwaahịa.  Na 1872, n'okpuru oche nke Rev. William Haig Brown, ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ kwagara n'ihe ọhụrụ na parish nke Godalming na Surrey, na-emepe na 18 June.

.Mgbe ajụjụ nke Charterhouse School, ụlọ ya, na saịtị nke mbụ monastic nnukwu cloister, Merchant Taylors' School weghaara ụlọ ya, ruo mgbe nke ahụ kwagara n'aka na 1933 gaa na ngwaọrụ ọhụrụ dị nso Northwood, Hertfordshire .  [1] Ezi ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ bụbụrụ ebe obibi nke St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical School, na (n'agbanyeghị na emepụtara ya ugbu a) ka bụ otu n'ime saịtị nke onye ga-eme ya, Barts na London School of Medicine and  Dọkịta eze .  Isi ụzọ nke cloister garth na-aga n'ihu na-abụ ebe a na-elezi anya nke ọma nke a na-etinye na mgbalị na quadrangle nke saịtị mahadum 

N'ịkwadebe maka na njikọ ya na ọrụ mweghachi ahụ, WF Grimes mere nchọpụta ihe ochie, nke mere ka a ghọtakwuo nhazi nke ụlọ ndị mọnk, na nchọpụta nke foduru nke Walter de Manny, onye nchoputa, lie. n'ime igbe ozu ndu n'ihu ebe ịchụàjà dị elu nke ụlọ ụka monastic. Achọpụtara ozu ndị a dị ka nke Manny n'enweghị obi abụọ ọ bụla site na ọnụnọ n'ime igbe ozu nke ndu *bulla* (akara) nke Pope Clement VI : na 1351 Clement enyela Manny ikike ịhọrọ onye nkwuputa n'ọnụ ọnwụ ya, akwụkwọ a gaara enye ya. dị nnọọ otú a *bulla* jikọtara. [17]

Charterhouse bụ mpaghara ọzọ-parochial, mpaghara dị n'ụdị ọ lara n'ime ngalaba parish oge ochie nke ngalaba ngwaọrụ ọgbara ọhụrụ nke London sitere na nsonye nke ihe nrụpụta.  Agụnyeghị ya n'otu mpaghara - otu ndị parish obodo, akwụkwọ ọnụ maka okwu ime obodo - n'okpuru Iwu Njikwa Obodo 1855 .  Na 1858, na-agbaọsọ Iwu Extra-Parochial Places Act 1857, ọ dị parish obodo maka post niile, na-enye ya na ọ fure abụ nke akwụkwọ iwu ka mma, mana emesịa bụrụ nke Holborn Poor Law Union site na 1877.  ruo n'afọ 1900. 

Na 1900 ọ ghọrọ akụkụ nke Obodo ukwu nke Finsbury, wee kpochapụ ya dị ka parish obodo dị iche na 1915. Kemgbe 1965 ọ bụ akụkụ nke London Borough nke Islington na Greater London. 

Ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri kacha nso bụ Barbican mana Farringdon tube na ọdụ ụgbọ oloko dị nso. 

## Nna-ukwu nke Charterhouse
 

* Ndepụta nke ebe obibi ndị mọnk Carthusian
* Ndị Martyrs iri anọ nke England na Wales
* Ndị Martyrs Carthusian

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Òtù:Aha
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations