Yokuts

**Yokuts** (/ˈjoʊkəts/), formerly known as **Mariposa**, is an endangered language spoken in the interior of Northern and Central California in and around the San Joaquin Valley by the Yokuts people. The speakers of Yokuts were severely affected by disease, missionaries, and the Gold Rush. While descendants of Yokuts speakers currently number in the thousands, all constituent dialects apart from Valley Yokuts are now extinct.
thumb|Map nke Yokuts na olumba ndị e gosipụtara
asụsụ Yawelmani nke Valley Yokuts abụwo ihe a na-elekwasị anya na ọtụtụ nyocha asụsụ.

## Asụsụ
Asụsụ Yokuts nwere ọkara iri na abụọ isi dialects. E mere atụmatụ na e nwere ìgwè iri anọ dị iche iche n'asụsụ tupu mmekọrịta Europe na America.
[thumb|Osisi ezinụlọ Yokutsan3]
 
*Glottolog* kwubiri na olumba ndị a na-adaba n'asụsụ anọ dị iche iche: Palewyami Yokuts, Buena Vista Yokuts, Northern Yokuts, Tule-Kaweah Yokuts.

## Ndị na-ekwu okwu na mweghachi asụsụ
Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ asụsụ Yokuts niile agwụla, dịka e kwuru n'elu. Ndị a ka na-asụ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ.

Ruo n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, Choinimni, Wikchamni, Chukchansi, Kechayi, Tachi na Yawelmani niile nwere ndị ọkà okwu ole na ole na ọnụ ọgụgụ dịgasị iche iche nke ndị ọkà okwu. Choynimni kwụsịrị n'afọ 2017. A na-akụziri Wikchamni, Chukchansi, Tachi, na Yawelmani ma ọ dịkarịa ala ụmụaka ole na ole n'ime afọ iri mbụ nke narị afọ nke 21.

Chukchansi bụzi asụsụ edere ede, ya na mkpụrụedemede nke ya mepụtara na enyemaka gọọmentị etiti. Chukchansi nwekwara akwụkwọ ahịrịokwu na akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nke a na-emecha. N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2012, Ngalaba Asụsụ nke Mahadum Steeti Fresno natara onyinye $ 1 nde iji chịkọta akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Chukchansi na ederede ụtọ asụsụ,  na "inye nkwado maka agụmakwụkwọ, mmemme, na mgbalị iji chịkọta ederede ala ma mepụta usoro mmụta maka ịkụzi asụsụ ka e wee nwee ike iweghachi ya na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya". &nbsp;

## Mmekọrịta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa
Yokuts bụ otu n'ime ndị otu dị mkpa n'asụsụ Penutian a tụrụ aro. Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ na-ewere ọtụtụ mmekọrịta dị n'etiti Penutian dị ka ihe a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha (cf. Campbell 1997[6]). Ndị ọzọ na-ewere mmekọrịta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa dị n'etiti Yokuts, Utian, Maiduan, Wintuan, na ọtụtụ asụsụ Oregon dị ka ihe doro anya (cf. DeLancey na Golla 1997[7]). N'agbanyeghị esemokwu dị elu, Callaghan (1997) na-enye ihe akaebe siri ike nke na-ejikọ Yokuts na asụsụ Utian dị ka alaka nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Yok-Utian.[8]

A kpọbatara okwu a bụ "Delta Yokuts" n'oge na-adịbeghị anya n'ọnọdụ "Far Northern Valley Yokuts" nke ndị bi na mpaghara Stockton na Modesto dị ugbu a nke ógbè San Joaquin na Stanislaus, California, tupu e wepụ ha na Mission San Jose n'etiti 1810 na 1827. Ihe na-adọrọ mmasị bụ na Delta Yokuts nwere ọtụtụ okwu na-enweghị ihe jikọrọ ha na asụsụ ndị ọzọ ọ bụla, ma ọ bụ maka nke ahụ n'asụsụ Utian ndị dị nso, ọ bụ ezie na usoro ya na-abụkarị Northern Valley Yokuts.[9] Ihe a na-adịghị mma emeela ka Whistler (nke Golla 2007[10] kwuru) tụọ aro, sị, "Okwu pụrụ iche nke ụfọdụ asụsụ Delta Yokuts nwere ike igosipụta mmetụta dị n'okpuru ala site na pre-proto-Yokuts ma ọ bụ site na asụsụ Yok-Utian nke gbapụrụ agbapụ." Golla[11] na-atụ aro na ebe obibi "tupu Yokuts" dị na Great Basin, na-ekwu maka okwu bara ụba nke osisi na anụmanụ maka gburugburu ebe akọrọ na njikọ chiri anya dị n'etiti ụdị nkata Yokuts na nke Nevada etiti oge ochie.

## Asụsụ Mbụ
 
Nrụzigharị Proto-Yokuts site na Whistler na Golla (1986): [3]

## Hụkwa

* Ndị Yokuts

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ
 

## Edensibia
 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Yokuts
* Ụdị asụsụ Yokuts, Languagegeek.com
* Yokuts (Northern Foothill): Ekpere Onyenwe anyị
* Chawchila metathesis
* Native Tribes, Groups, Language Families and Dialects of California in 1770 Archived 2011-04-30 at the Wayback Machine (map after Kroeber) 
* Nchịkọta Asụsụ Yokuts na Survey of California and Other Indian LanguagesNnyocha nke California na Asụsụ India Ndị Ọzọ
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Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations