open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Gloria Bohanon

Gloria Racine Bohanon (June 19, 1938 - Mee 7, 2008) [1] bụ onye omenkà anya na onye nkuzi nke America dabere na Los Angeles, California.  [2] Ụlọ ihe nkiri na Atlanta, Georgia.  [3] Ọka BA na Art Education na MA na Art Education si Wayne State.  [4] Ọ akụkọ akwụkwọ na Otis College of Art and Design na 1973. [5] Ọ bụ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ihe ngosi nka nke oge a na Los Angeles na 1970s.  Dị ka onye prọfesọ na Los Angeles Community College, [6] ọ haziri "Izu Culture Black" na 1974. [7] Ọ kuziri imewe, ụzọ, ibipụta akwụkwọ, ma jee ozi dị ka oche nke ngalaba nka mgbe ọ nọ.  [7] Ọ bụ onye isi ADAPT, akwụkwọ maka ụmụ akwụkwọ nwere ikike (Accommodated Disabled Arts Program and Training) mgbe ọ nọ na LACC.

## Ọrụ
*.*  Bohanon bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ so na Los Angeles County Museum of Art's Black Arts Council.  [1] [2] [3] E ọrụ ya na ndị omenkà America ndị ọzọ a ma ama bụ ndị ozi na LA, ịkpọ "The Sapphire Show" na 1970 na Gallery 32 na Betye Saar, Suzanne Jackson, Yvonne Cole Meo,  na Senga Nengudi .  [4] [5] [6] E gosikwara Bohanon na Betye Saar na Suzanne Jackson na Womanspace na 1973 na ihe na-egosi "Black Mirror."  [7] O nwere ihe ngosi solo na Alonzo na Dale Davis 'Brockman Gallery.  E pinya n'akwụkwọ 1971 Black Artists on Art, Volume 2

## Ntụaka
Maria Elizabeth Holland

**Maria Elizabeth Holland** (24 Eprel 1836 - 15 Jenụwarị 1878) bụ onye na-ese ihe ọkụkụ na Cape Colony na onye na-achịkọta ihe ọkụkụ.

## Ndụ mbido
Ọ bụ ọkpara n'ime ụmụ iri na anọ wee lụọ John Holland nke Port Elizabeth . Nna nna ya bụ Jacob Glen Cuyler .

## Ọrụ
O nyere aka na olu I (1860) nke William Henry Harvey 's *Thesaurus capensis*, [1] wee nata otuto n'aka Harvey maka "esere nkọwapụta nke ọma". [2]
[thumb| ''[Cyrtorchis arcuata* sitere na *Thesaurus capensis*]]
[[Usòrò:Microloma_lineare00.jpg|thumb| *Microloma lineare* sitere na *Thesaurus capensis'']]

## Ntụaka

; Ihe ndetuThesaurus capensis, [1] wee nata otuto n'aka Harvey maka "

; Isi mmalite 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Biography of Maria Elizabeth Holland at the S2A3 Biographical Database of Southern African Science
* Collection of Drawings of South African Plants, Holland collection
Katharine Saunders

thumb| ''Datura stramonium''
**Katharine Saunders** (1824 – 1901) bụ onye amụrụ Britain nke onye na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ nke Natal, nke isii n'ime ụmụaka asaa nke Revd Canon Charles Apthorp Wheelwright [lower-alpha 1] na Anna Hubbard nke Tansor, Northamptonshire.

Katharine tolitere na nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ Tudor na Tansor. A zụrụ ya na egwu site na afọ ise ma bụrụ onye na-ese mmiri nke ọma mgbe ọ dị afọ isii. Mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, e zigara ya na Kọntinent ka ọ mụọ asụsụ na ise ihe. Nwanne ya nwoke nke okenye Horatio, onye bụ onye okike, onye njem na onye edemede, kwadoro ya n'ọrụ a. Nwanne ya nwanyị nke okenye, Anna, ebielarị na Düsseldorf, ebe a chụpụrụ ya na ihere mgbe ọ tụchara ime. O nwetara ihe e ji ebi ndụ site n'imepụta ihe osise nke okooko osisi.

N'ime ihe niile Katharine nọrọ afọ asaa ná mba ọzọ, na-enweta nkà na ịbịaru na ịga nke ọma na French, German na Flemish. N'oge nleta na Düsseldorf ọ zutere James Renault Saunders, onye Mauritian mụrụ (1818-1892) wee lụọ ya n'afọ na-esote na Ụlọ ọrụ Embassy Britain na Brussels . 

Ya na di ọhụrụ ya na nwa ha nwanyị gbara ụgbọ mmiri na South Africa na 1854 n'ime ụgbọ mmiri East Indiaman 'Hotspur' wee bịarute Cape Town na 12 Septemba 1854, nọrọ izu atọ ebe ahụ tupu ha akwọga Durban ebe ha rutere na 23 October 1854. Ha biri n’ubi okpete, ‘Tongaat Estate’ nke dị n’ebe ugwu Durban, bụ́ ebe di ya bụbu onye nlekọta mbụ ma mesịa bụrụ onye nwe ya. N'ịbụ onye biri na ya, zuru oke na nnukwu piano, Katharine malitere ịse osisi. Ebe obibi mbụ nke Saunders bụ ụlọ ahịhịa juru nke nwere veranda nwere ndò na-ele Osimiri Tongaat anya wee kpọọ ya 'The House by the Drift'. Onye na-akụ ahịhịa Scots, Mark McKen, bụ onye rụrụ ọrụ n'ugbo okpete na nwa oge ma mesịa maliteghachi ọrụ nlekọta ya na ubi Durban Botanic . McKen doziri ụdị orchids Natal dị iche iche n'osisi ndị dị n'ubi ya, na-akpali ya mmasị ogologo ndụ ya na orchids. Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 1870, ezinụlọ ya na-eto eto na ọrụ di ya na-eme nke ọma hụrụ ka ha na-ebi 'Tongaat House' nke ghọrọ ebe dị mma maka ndị na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ nke mpaghara ahụ. Ịnụ ọkụ n'obi Katharine nwere maka eserese, ihe ọkụkụ na nchekwa mere ka mmasị nke jikọtara ndị otu ahụ ọnụ.

Katharine Saunders zipụrụ ụfọdụ ihe atụ 426 na Kew n'ime oge 1881 ruo 1889 - ihe dị ka 16 n'ime ndị a ka a kpọrọ aha ya n'agbanyeghị na e mesịrị were ọtụtụ n'ime ha dị ka synonyms. N'ime ndị a bụ *Schrebera saundersiae* Harv. , *Habenaria saundersiae* Harv. , *Drimiopsis saundersiae* Baker, *Sisyranthus saundersiae* NE Br. , *Dermatobotrys saundersii* Bolus na *Haemanthus katharinae* Baker. [3]  [5]

## Ihe ndetu na nrụtụ aka
 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Apthorp Villa

## Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka

Usòrò:East_Indiaman_Hotspur.jpg|alt=The East Indiaman 'Hotspur' on which the Saunders family sailed|East Indiaman 'Hotspur' nke mpaghara Saunders ji ụgbọ mmiri
Usòrò:Adenium_obesum05.jpg| *Adenium obesum*
Usòrò:Barringtonia_racemosa00.jpg| *[[Barringtonia racemosa]]*
Usòrò:Greyia_sutherlandii00.jpg|alt=Greyia sutherlandii| *Greya sutherlandii*
Usòrò:Millettia_grandis01.jpg| *Millettia grandis*
James Brantley

James Brantley (akpa 1945) bụ onye omenkà America mara maka ụzọ ya

## Akụkọ ndụ
Nwanna Brantley na 1945 na Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.  [1] Ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, na Philadelphia College of Art, na Mahadum Pennsylvania  

Ọrụ dị na Petrucci Family Foundation Collection of African American Art, [1] Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, [2] na Philadelphia Museum of Art

Ụbọchị ya nkiri na ihe ngosi 2011 The Chemistry of Color: The Sorgenti Collection of Contemporary African-American Art na Hudson River Museum [1] na ihe ngosi 2015 Anyị Na-ekwu: Black Artists na Philadelphia, 1920s-1970s na Woodmere Art Museum 

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* James Brantley na-atụle ọrụ ya na nka ya na Brandywine Workshop na Archives na 2011
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Murat Briere

Murat Brierre ma ọ bụ Murat Briere (1938–1988) bụ otu n'ime ndị na-akpụ ola n'isi Haiti [1] ma bụrụkwa onye a ma ama maka ime mgbanwe ihe ụfọdụ ịgbà ịbụ n'ụbigara.  [2] George Liautaud na-emetụta ya, mana ọrụ ya ụdịdị nke onwe ya, na-achọ anya anya na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị iche na ọnụ nke ọnụ, ihe ndị nwere ike dị egwu, na ụmụ e bu n'afọ.  na-ahụ anya n'ime ihe ndị buru ibu. 

## Ndụ mmalite na ọrụ
Brierre ọrụ dị ka onye na-akpụ brik, onye na-ebe ihe, onye na-ese tile, na onye na-eji oji.  [1] Amụrụ ya na Mirebalais ma ọ bụ Port-au-Prince, [2] Haiti ma bụrụ ọkpara nke abụọ.  [1] Nwanne ya nwoke nke okenye, Edgar Brierre, bụ onye na-ese ihe na onye na-ese ihe.  Nwanna nwoke ahụ ji aha ikpeazụ bịanye aka n'ahụ ha, na-ebute ọgba aghara n'etiti ndị nwoke ha gbasara ndị dere ọrụ ha.

Ihe ọkpụkpụ Brierre na-akpa site na ụkwụ atọ ruo isii n'ogologo ma sere Christian, Haitian Vodou, na ike ifo.   [1] Brierre bụkwa onye na-ese ihe, ma n'ikpeazụ họrọ iji njikwa ọrụ n'ihi na ọ chere na ihe ahụ na ike ime ihe.   [2] Ọ bụ usoro siri ike.   A na-akụtu ihe ihe drum ahụ n'ụzọ dị, dọba ya na ya, wee jiri agụba bee ya.   A na-ejizi chisel gbutuo mpempe akwụkwọ ahụ tupu emechaa ya na faịlụ.   [1] Ka ọ na-erule n'etiti 1970s, ihe ọkpụkpụ Brierre mpaghara ndị a kpọpụtara akpọpụta nke gbara ogologo ahịrị mgbagha agbagọ.   [1] Ọkpụkpụ ire Brierre akwụkwọ Chien de Mer na-ekpuchi isi n'ime ahụ azụ

## Ihe ngosi Solo
**1967** – Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Haiti, New York 

1968 – Center d'Art, Port-au-Prince, Haiti;   Bradley Galleries, Milwaukee, Wisconsin;   Ndị nkiri ihe nkiri Georgetown, Washington DC;   Ndị egwu egwu Menschoff, Chicago;   John Michael Kohler Arts Center, Sheboygan, Wisconsin;   Roko Gallery, New York

**1969** – Center d'Art, Port-au-Prince, Haiti; Ụlọ ihe ngosi ngosi, Washington DC; Otu Botolp, Boston 

**1971** – Center d'Art, Port-au-Prince, Haiti 

**1973** – Center d'Art, Port-au-Prince, Haiti 

**1972** – Center d'Art, Port-au-Prince, Haiti; Roko Gallery, New York 

**1970** – Center d'Art, Port-au-Prince, Haiti 

**1979** – Areta Contemporary Design, Boston 

## Ihe ngosi otu
**1969** – Davenport Art Gallery, Iowa 

**1974** – Davenport Art Gallery, Iowa 

**1978** – Brooklyn Museum, New York (njem njem) 

**1980** – Davenport Art Gallery, Iowa 

**1982** - Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka na Harlem, New York 

**1983** – Chicago Public Library Cultural Center 

**1985** – Davenport Art Gallery, Iowa 

**1987** – Musée du Panthéon National, Port-au-Prince, Haiti 

**1988** – Galeries Nationales d'Exposition du Grand Palais, Paris 

**1989** - Museum of Art, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida 

**2006** - Phyllis Kind Gallery na njikọ nke Outsider Art Fair, New York 

## Ọrụ nka
***L'Araignée (The Spider)''' ,'' 1970, ígwè 

***Christ sur la Croix (Kraịst na Obe)***, 1970, ígwè 

***Sirens anọ***, 1966, ígwè 

***Le Sagittaire en Démon (Sagittarius na Demon)***, enweghị ụbọchị, ígwè 

***Visage en Fer (Ihu dị na Iron)**', 1965, ígwè 

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Alys Fane Trotter

**Alys Fane Trotter** ( *née* **Keatinge** ; 16 Disemba 1863  – 21 Disemba 1961) bụ onye na-ede uri na onye na-ese ihe.

Amụrụ ya na Dublin, ada Ella Flora Mayne (1828 – 1907) na Maurice Keatinge (1816 – 1896). Maurice bụ onye na-edeba aha na Ụlọikpe Probate nke Irish; nwunye ya sitere na ezinụlọ Wiltshire nwere ogologo oge nwere ala na Teffont Evias . Ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara London mgbe ọ bụ nwata.  Na 30 Juun 1886, na St James's Church, Paddington, Alys lụrụ Alexander Pelham Trotter  (1857 – 1947). Ọ bụ nwa nke onye ọrụ banki Alexander Trotter (1804 – 1865), nke nwunye ya nke abụọ, Isabella Strange (1816 – 1878), ada Thomas Andrew Lumisden Strange .

Site na 1896 ruo 1899, Alexander bụ onye ndụmọdụ eletrik na gọọmentị Cape Colony na ndịda Africa. Mgbe ha bi ebe ahụ Alys na Alexander nyochara Cape na Alys wee dee ma kọwaa "Old cape Colony: akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị ikom na ụlọ ya site na 1652 ruo 1806".  Ụfọdụ ihe osise Trotter dị ugbu a na mkpokọta William Fehr na South Africa. Lee, dịka ọmụmaatụ, Onye isi nke onye ọrụ,  Ịpị mkpụrụ vaịn,  Old House na Stellenbosch. N'ala ahụ ndị Briten ga-aga n'ihu bụ obere ọwa mmiri mmiri ndị a na-esi n'àkwà mmiri plank gafere, bụ́ ndị ndị uwe ojii na ndị ikom ahụ tụrụ anya n'ebe ahụ. Lieut. Ekwenyere na a kụrụ Trotter na mbụ mgbe ọ na-agafe otu n'ime àkwà mmiri ndị a, na mgbe ọ gachara ụzọ atọ n'ụzọ anọ nke kilomita dara na ọnyá abụọ ọzọ. Ọnwụ ya metụtara ide ihe, uri ya tụgharịrị uche ná ndụ ya na Nigel na ọnwụ ya. Nchịkọta uri ya bụ: "Nigel, na amaokwu ndị ọzọ" nke Burns & Oates bipụtara na 1918; na "Ụlọ na Nrọ" nke Blackwell, Oxford bipụtara na 1924. Agụnyekwara uri n'ọtụtụ akụkọ gbasara uri agha, gụnyere "Poems from Punch 1909 – 1920", nke Macmillan bipụtara, 1922; Valor na Vision: Poems of the War, 1914 - 1918", nke nwa nwanne Trotter Jacqueline Theodora Trotter deziri na Longmans, Green, 1920 bipụtara; na "Valour and Vision" Poems of the War, 1914 - 1918, mbipụta ọhụrụ, bipụtara. nke Hopkinson, 1923.

Trotter gara n'ihu na-ese ihe na eserese.  Ọ nwụrụ na 21 Disemba 1961 na Greystones na Teffont Evias.

## Ezinụlọ
Nwa ya nwanyị Gundred lụrụ Horace Courthope Beck, ọkà mmụta ihe ochie.

Nwanne nna ya bụ onye nnata Victoria Cross Lt.-Gen. Richard Harte Keatinge ; na Major Sir Edward Mayne Keatinge bụ nwa nwanne ya.

Nwanne di ya bụ onye ozi ala ọzọ Isabel Lilias Trotter ; na Jacqueline Theodora Trotter (lee n'elu) bụ ada nke nwanne ya nwoke bụ Col. Sir Henry Trotter .

Nwa nwanne nna ya, Louisa Kathleen Coutts Trotter (1863 – 1961), bụ nwunye nke ọkà mmụta sayensị John Scott Haldane .

## Ntụaka
Alexander nyochara Cape na Alys wee dee ma kọwaa "Old cape Colony: akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị ikom na ụlọ ya site na 1652 ruo 1806
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Seymour Etienne Bottex

. Seymour Etienne Bottex (24 Disemba 1922 - 16 Mee 2016) bụ onye na-ese ihe na Haiti .  Amụrụ na Port-Margot, na ugwu Haiti, Bottex arọ dị ka onye na-ese foto ruo 1955 mgbe nwanne ya nwoke nke okenye Jean-Baptiste gbara ya ume radi.  [1] Ọ sonyeere Center d'Art wee mechaa Galerie Issa na Port-au-Prince .  [2] Ihe osise ya, na-agwakọta, ndị ihe mere eme, na isiokwu Akwụkwọ Nsọ, ka a na- ozi n'ụwa niile ma na-ere ya na Sotheby's na New York.  A na-ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-ese foto naịf Haiti, na a na-ahụta ihe ọrụ ya na Episcopal Katidral de Sainte Trinité dị na Port-au-Prince dị ka ihe kacha mkpa na nkà ọgbara ọhụrụ nke  Haiti

.Ndị enyi HAS Haiti erere ihe ọrụ Seymour Etienne Bottex iji nweta ego maka ụlọ ọgwụ Albert Schweitzer Haiti, nke dị na Deschapelles

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ihe osise Seymour Etienne Bottex na Enyi nke Hospitallọ Ọgwụ Albert Schweitzer

Dị ka akwụkwọ òkù iji rite uru Care site na Embassy nke Haiti nyere Sunday Oct 16, 1994, "Seymour Etienne Bottex njide na 1920 nso Cap-Haïtien. Bottex abịa na 1955 ma gbaa ya ume ịse ihe site n'aka nwanne.  ya nwoke, Jean-Baptiste, onye na-ese ihe ama ama.

Ihe nkiri bottex na- akara mma.  A na- isiokwu ndị na-atọ ọchị mgbe ụfọdụ n'arọ ya.  Egosipụtala ihe ọrụ ya na United States, England, France na Italy... "

## Ntụaka

*
Julia Brown (onye na-ese ihe)

Julia Brown bụ onye omenka nke America nke na-arụ ọrụ na foto, foto na vidiyo .  Ọrụ ya na-emetụta ukwuu na nhazi aha, visibiliti, invisibility na ike Sonyere nkete anya.  Brown bụ osote prọfesọ nke na Department of Fine Arts and Art History na Mahadum George Washington 

## Agụmakwụkwọ & ihe nrite
Brownama BA na nka studio site na Williams College na 2000, yana MFA sitere na CalArts na 2006. Brown esitela n'ọtụtụ ebe obibi, ndị VIR Viafarini-in-Residence, Fondazione Ratti Corso Superiore di Arti Visive, Skowhegan School of Painting and  Ọkpụkpụ, ma bụrụkwa onye naahụ maka ihe nkiri na Fine Arts Work Center na 2008-2009 na 2010-2011.  Brown bụ onye otu studio na Whitney Independent Study Program na 2010, Smithsonian Awards 2013 Artist Research Fellowship, [1] na ugbu a bụ 2013 – 2014 Artist-in-Residency na Museum of Fine Arts, Houston CORE 

## Ihe ngosi
Egosipụta Julia Brown na New York na Art in General, [1] The Kitchen, BronxArtSpace [2] Scaramouche Gallery, [3] Harvestworks Media Festival, Talman + Monroe, LMAK Projects, na Artists Space Project Room, The Brucennial;   na Los Angeles na LACE na Supersonic na Barnsdall Gallery;   Ezi Art Ways Houston;   Blaffer Art Museum[4] Wichita;   Ulrich Museum of Art, [5] Hartford;   Ndị eze ihe ngosi nka nke Provincetown (PAAM);   Saịtị Farini, Milan;   Kunsthalle Düsseldorf;   Mpempe vidiyo, London;   Ụbọchị efu, Cape Town, yana na The Gallery Apart, Italy..

## Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ ahọpụtara
2017 Atallah, Lara, nhọrọ nke nkatọ: New York 'Ihe ihe anya nke ụlọ'" Artforum  

2016 Tennant, Donna, "Nhọrọ nke ndị editọ: Julia Brown," Isi ọhụrụ Art Visual, 2016. 

2014 Lewis, Abigail, "Ajụjụ na Mike Watson - The Gallery Apart," NERO Magazine. Ọnwa Mbụ 2014. 

2012 Olileanya, Eric, “Nlebanya nka nke East City "Ụzọ 19 nke ilele ihe osise' n'ihe owuwu ụzọ mbata." 

2009 Parsons, Laura, "Arụ Ọrụ: Brown na-enye echiche ebumnuche," nko. 

2009 Genocchio, Benjamin, "Ahụhụ mkpokọta na Hartford," New York Times, 21 Dec., 2009. 

2008 Hoffman, Hank. Blog. "Ihe ngosi 'Archaeology of Wonder' dị iche iche na Ụzọ Art Real," Connecticut Art Scene. Ọnwa Iri na Abụọ 10, 2008. 

2008 Caruth, Nicole, “Nso na-ahụ Ya anya; Julia Brown," Harvestworks Digital Media Arts Center. Ọnwa Itolu 26, 2008. 

2006 Fette. Blog. "CalArts MFA Open Studios," The Flog. Eprel 12, 2006. 

## Akwụkwọ ndị ahọpụtara
2016 Frater, Sally, The Swim, katalọgụ, Ulrich Museum of Art, Wichita, KS 

2015 LeClere, Mary, isi 2015, katalọgụ, The Core Programme, Museum of Fine Arts Houston. 5, 6–9, 78 .

2014 Leclere, Mary, 2013-4 Isi Mmemme, Isi Mmemme, Museum of Fine Arts Houston. 7, 8–9, 35 .

2010 Brown, Julia, Abbey Dubin, Till Gathmann, Elaine Reynolds, "Nnyocha maka Art Mgbakwunye" na Anna Danera na Hans Haacke eds.  , Nye na Were, katalọgụ, Milan, Italy: Mousse Publishing

2006 "Coco Fusco na MC," Afterall Journal.  Ed.  Thomas Lawson.  Ọnwa Iri na Abụọ 18, 2006.

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Weebụsaịtị gọọmentị maka Julia Brown
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
William Holme Twentyman

**William Holme Twentyman** (31 Ọktoba 1802 – 7 Mee 1884) bụ onye na-akpụ ọla ọcha na Cape Town, onye kpakọbara nnukwu akụ na ụba na Mauritius wee lara ezumike nka mgbe ọ dị afọ 39. Mgbe ọ nọ na Mauritius, o kere akpa mkpuchi maka elekere akpa nke a ga-eyi n'okpuru mmiri. Mgbe agbakwunyere akpa ndị a na-ere ere wee kechie eriri "akwa akwa" na nkwojiaka maka ịdị mfe iji. Twentyman na-esekwa oroma ọkpụkpọ ka a na-ahụ ya nke ọma n'okpuru mmiri. A maara ihe okike a dị ka Twentyman "oroma gorilla" n'ihi nnukwu nha ya.

## Ndụ
thumb| Ụlọ ezinụlọ nke William Holme Twentyman na Highgate Cemetery
A mụrụ William Holme Twentyman na Liverpool, nwa John Middleton Twentyman ( onye na-arụkọ ọrụ na onye ahịa) na Phoebe Holme. Na 1818 ọ gara Cape ya na nwanne ya nwoke nke okenye Lawrence Holme Twentyman ( onye na-akpụ ọlaọcha na onye na-eche nche ), mgbe ha ketara ego n'aka nnukwu nwanne nna. Ụmụnna ahụ rutere Cape Town na 12 Jun 1818 na *Ann* . A mụrụ William na Lawrence dị ka onye na-akpụ ọlaọcha na onye na-ese nche, ma mesịa ghọọ onye mmekọ na Twentyman & Co, na-azụ ụlọ ahịa nke ya n'akụkụ nke nwanne ya nwoke. 

Na 1828 ọ kwagara Mauritius, bịarutere na *Winscales* na 19 Jenụwarị 1829, ebe ọ na-azụ ahịa dị ka onye na-ere elekere na ọla na Port Louis .  Na 2 June 1832 na Anglican Church of Port Louis ọ lụrụ Celia Pinch, ada John Pinch onye okenye onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na Bath, Somerset . N'ime June / Julaị 1832, e jidere ya na nnupụisi ohu na Mauritius na ụlọ ahịa ya na-anọchibidoro.  Ka ọ na-erule 1841 William akpakọbawo nnukwu akụ na ụba na, ya na ezinụlọ ya, laghachiri England, biri na 21 Avenue Road, Regent's Park, London. 

William Twentyman ka a họpụtara Special Constable na 1848;  nabatara na Freedom of the Spectacle Makers' Company site na mgbapụta na 3 June 1861;  kwetara na nnwere onwe nke Obodo London site na mgbapụta site na ụlọ ọrụ Spectacle Makers na 6 June 1861;  bụ Sheriff nke Obodo London site na 1861 ruo 1862;  na Justice of the Peace (JP).

Ọ nwụrụ na Wednesde 7 Mee 1884, n'ebe obibi ya, Ravensworth, St. John's Wood Park, London, ma lie ya n'obere ezinụlọ dị n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke Highgate Cemetery . William Twentyman hapụrụ ala na ụlọ nke £28173-15-6d. 

## Ntụaka na ndetu
Konrad Ross

**Konrad Ross** (amuru 9 Jenuarị 1970) bu onye omenka German amuru South Africa kacha mara amara maka eserese osisi mmanu ya buru ibu na akwukwo. Nkà ya bụ ihe a ma ama maka mgbagwoju anya na ezughị okè na-ekpughe usoro okike. Ọrụ ya na-ejikọtakarị iberibe anụ ahụ nke ya dị ka motifs.   A makwaara ya maka iji aka ya, ogwe aka ya, ụkwụ ya na ihu ya na-emepụta ọrụ ya. 

## Ndụ mmalite na ọrụ
A mụrụ Ross na South Africa ebe ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, mana ya na ezinụlọ ya kwagara Germany mgbe ọ dị afọ 17, ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ gbasara akparamaagwa na Mahadum Texas dị na Austin afọ abụọ, mana ọ kwagara France ka ọ mụọ nka na *Le Quai Ecole supérieure d'art de Mulhouse* ebe ọ nwetara Diplôme National d'Arts Plastiques na 1996, na-esote nke ọ nọrọ afọ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ ọbịa na Kunstakademie Düsseldorf . Ọ malitere ngosi, ma na solo na ihe ngosi otu na Stockholm, Müllheim, Paris, Metz na Copenhagen. Ọ nọrọ afọ ụfọdụ na Copenhagen tupu ya ebikwa na Jamanị ọzọ.  

## Ihe ngosi
Ụfọdụ ihe ngosi ama ama nke Ross gụnyere *Ka ha rie achicha*  (ihe ngosi na arụmọrụ ndụ  ) na Barlach Halle K na Hamburg,  na *Mundraub* na Gudberg Nerger na 2020. 

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
LaKela Brown

.LaKela Brown ( ọrịa 1982) bụ onye omenkà dabere na Brooklyn na-arụ ọrụ n'ịkpụ ihe ọkpụkpụ na-eme plasta.  [1] Omenala hip-hop na ihe mma ndị America na-emetụta ọrụ ya nke ukwuu

## Agụmakwụkwọ
Ụlọ Brown na Detroit, Michigan.  Ọ natara BFA na saịtị 2005 na College for Creative Studies na Detroit 

## Ihe ngosi Solo
Ihe ngosi solo mbụ nke Brown mere na 2007 na Moka Gallery, Chicago, na Ndị ọbịa Alumni/Faculty of the College for Creative Studies na Detroit.  O gosila ọrụ ya na Jackie Klempay, Brooklyn, na Cave Gallery, Detroit, yana ọrụ ya na Rockefeller Center n'oge ọkọchị 2019. [1] [2] Na 2018 o nwere ihe ngosi ihe ngosi mba mbụ ya, Untitled na Lars Friedrich  Gallery, Berlin, na-ajụ ihe na Reyes |  Finn, Detroit.  [3] E sere ya na ihe dị mkpa na 56 Henry n'oge akwụkwọ 2019  

## Ihe ngosi otu
Brown egosila na ICA San Francisco na otu ngosi *izu ike Anya anyị*, yana Hessel Museum of Art in *Gorgeous, Thrilling, Spectacle* . Brown esonyela na *ọ bụghị maka ọrịre* na NXTHVN na New Haven, nwetaghachi *ihe ochie* ahụ na ụlọ ihe ngosi nka ụmụaka nke Sugar Hill, yana ihe ngosi nka nke LA's Frieze na 2023.

## Ebe obibi
Brown bụ onye na-ese ihe na ebe obibi na Ox-Bow School of Art na Saugatuck, Michigan na 2018. Ọ nọkwa na-ebi na Mano y Mente na Tulsa Rosa, New Mexico, na Art on the Move program na mpaghara Detroit.&#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Rodeo Caldonia

Rodeo Caldonia dị ka Rodeo Caldonia High Fidelty Performance Ndị nri ihe nkiri bụ mkpokọta nka ojii dabere na Fort Greene, Brooklyn n'oge 1980s.  [1] [2] [3] ahụ, nke na-arụ ọrụ site n'ihe dị ka 1985-1988, ihe nkiri ihe nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụmụ anụmanụ America 20 bụ ndị na-ekiri ọrụ nke lekwasịrị anya na ike  ha dị ka ụmụ ojii.  [4] Lisa Jones na Alva Rogers chịkọtara a.  

## Mmetụta
Ndị òtù Rodeo Caldonia sitere n'ike nss site na mkpokọta ndị ọrụ, dị ka International Sweethearts of Rhythm, 1940s , ụmụ anụmanụ niile bụ nnukwu m, Sweet Honey in the Rock, onye niile, African-American a cappella ensemble,  na Otu egwu egwu ojii nke New York, Urban Bush Women.
 

## Ihe omume
N'afọ 1985, Rodeo Caldonia High-Fidelity Performance Theater eji mbụ ha.  [1] Ọ bụ ebe ahụ na-arụ ọrụ ike, mkpokọta ahụ egwuregwu egwuregwu abụọ Carmella & King Kong na Akpụkpọ anụ ahụ na otu uri revue, "Welcome to the Black Aesthetic," nke a na-n'ihu ọha. 

E boro Carmella na King Kong na-ekiri ka "ahụ hụrụ" n'etiti Kong na chi ekere na-ekpere arụsị bụ Carmella, bụ́ onye ịhụ tụfuo uche ya.  Emere egwuregwu a site n'esere foto n'elu ogbo n'elu ndị na-eme ihe nkiri.  Lisa Jones chetara na a "were otu ahụ ọrụ" maka foto nke "ara nwa ojii" n'ụdị ihe oyiyi Fannie Lou Hamer .  [1] Onye na-eme ihe nkiri Sandye Wilson gbara agwa "Torch Singer" 

A Arka Skin Nchikota Lisa Jones dị ka "otu ihe nkiri na-eme ihe nkiri ... ihe ngosi ihe egwuregwu egwu nke a na-akpọ $ 100,000 Tragic Mulatto, nke "na-ihe nkiri ifo mulatto dị egwu na nrọ nke America crossover.  .  " [1] Rodeo Caldonia bu ụzọ mgbakọta Skin Combination Skin na nkuzi na St. Marks Church na New York City na Disemba 1986.  ahụ gara. na premiere na Company One na Hartford, CT, na 1992. The New York Times Theatre review na [4] akpụ ya "a ọhụrụ talent" na-eto ya "niile-eri nke".  egwuregwu nke oge a nke ụmụ nwere agba . 

## Ndị otu
Ndị na-ese ihe nkiri Rodeo Caldonia kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ gụnyere ọtụtụ ndị inyom ojii bụ ndị ode akwụkwọ, ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na ndị na-agụ egwú:    
 

## Echetara
Na 2015, mkpokọta ngalaba-guzobere Lisa Jones na Alva Rogers na-echeta na omenala nka Greg Tate na mmemme "Cheta Rodeo Caldonia" na Pillow Cafe Lounge na Brooklyn.  

Akụkọ mere eme nke Rodeo Caldonia nkiri na ihe ngosi njem njem 2017 na akwụkwọ edemede, We Wanted a Revolution: Black Radical Women, 1965-1985, nke Brooklyn Museum akwụkwọ.  Ihe ngosi ihe ngosi na Museum Brooklyn, California African American Museum, Albright-Knox Art Gallery, na Institute of Contemporary Art/Boston.  [1] [2] California African American Museum gosiri okwu "The Life and Times of Rodeo Caldonia".  Ndị mmeri Lisa Jones na Alva Rogers na Derin Young. 

## Isi mmalite
Ịrụ ọrụ dị elu, akwụkwọ nka nka, akara #35, 1986. [1] Na-agụnye foto nke mkpokọta.

Magazin *ajụjụ ọnụ*, 1986. Gụnyere foto ndị otu otu. 

## Ntụaka
Keith Calhoun na Chandra McCormick

Keith Calhoun (amuru Jenụwarị 1, 1955) na Chandra McCormick (amuru Ọgọst 27, 1957) bụ ndị na-ese foto America si New Orleans, Louisiana.  Calhoun kwagara Los Angeles n'oge ọ dị afọ iri na ụma, ebe ọ gara Los Angeles Community College, na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ redio nke KCET tupu ya akwụkwọ na New Orleans iji nweta ụlọ ihe nkiri . 

McComick na Calhoun zutere na 1978 mgbe McCormick mere foto ya.  [1] N'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ stray onye na-amụ ya, mgbe ahụ na-arụkọ ọrụ na nri.

## Ajọ Ifufe Katrina
McCormick na Calhoun kwagara na Houston nwa oge n'oge Hurricane Katrina, na-edekọ ọnọdụ nke ebe nchekwa ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ mgbe ọ nọ.   Mgbe ha lọtara, e bibiri ụlọ ha ma mebie ihe ihe nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ebe nchekwa foto ha.   Mmiri ahụ agba ma ọ bụ gbawaa ihe nkiri ahụ, na-ahụ ụgbọ nka na-ama anya ya.   Onyonyo ndị mebiri emebi anọwo na ihe ngosi "Gaa" na "Pitch White". 

N'afọ 2007, di na ebere ahụ mepere ụlọ ọrụ nka obodo, i ike L9 Center for Arts na Lower Ninth Ward nke New Orleans.   Ebe etiti ahụ na-eje ozi dị ka oghere gallery, ebe ngosi nka 

## Style na ọrụ
McCormick na Calhoun na-edepụta ụzọ ndụ n'ime obodo ndị America dị na Lower Ninth Ward na New Orleans na ime obodo Louisiana.   Ndị na-ese foto na-edepụta obodo ọ blála nke ndụ na na-ahụ n'anya, na-esetịpụ ndụ kwa ụbọchị, emee, emume na ọrụ iji ụdị omenala.   Ha egwu onwe ha "ndị na-echekwa omenala" 

Na-ese foto na-abụkarị oji na ọcha, ha na-ese foto nke onye ọ bụla na nke otu. Foto ha na-abanye na nkọwa mmekọrịta .

Ha eseela ndị ọrụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, ndị ọrụ okpete, na ndị a tụrụ mkpọrọ. 

### Ụlọ mkpọrọ steeti Angola
Site na 1980s gaa n'ihu, ha depụtara ndị ikom Africa-American a ọrụ na Angola State Penitentiary, na-arụkọ ọrụ na onye na-ede abụ Aaron Neville, [1] maka otu ọrụ a na-akpọ "Ịgba Ohu:  M ndị obodo ndị obodo", nke nọmbara na ihe ngosi 2014 ha.  na Prospect New Orleans

## Ihe ngosi
Nọvemba 3, 2018 – Febụwarị 10, 2019: “Ụmụ Ihe Ndị Ọrụ” Ogige Arts Contemporary (New Orleans)

Febụwarị 23 - Mee 28, 2018: "Ịgba ohu, ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ: Foto nke Keith Calhoun na Chandra McCormick" Frist Art Museum

June 9 – Nọvemba 22, 2015: Ọdịnihu ụwa niile, 56th la Biennale di Venezia na Venice Italy ihe ngosi nke Okwui Enwezor mere 

.Ọktoba 25, 2014 - Jenụwarị 25, 2015: "Angola: Ndị ọchịchị a usoro na Prospect 3 Art Biennial na New Orleans, na ngwere na Ogden Museum of Southern Art nke ịgha ohu: Ndị na-eso ụzọ ndị agha Mkpọrọ 

## Nkuzi Ọha
Disemba 12, 2019: Isi okwu nkuzi, PhotoNola Festival, New Orleans Museum of Art 

Nọvemba 6, 2019: "Louisiana Medley: Foto nke ikpe ziri ezi nke Chandra McCormick na Keith Calhoun," Harvard Art Museums 

Septemba 16, 2016: "Foto na Ọrụ na Ọha" Whitney Museum of Art

Jenụwarị 9, 2013: Pratt Photography Lectures, Pratt Institute, New York 

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

*  
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Louis Cameron

Louis Cameron (amuru 21 Mee 1992) bu onye cricket klaas mbụ Australia maka otu egwuregwu cricket Victoria .  Ọ na- egwu dị ka onye na-agba aka nri na ogwe aka nri ngwa ngwa-ọkara bowler. 

## Ọrụ
Cameron mere Sheffield Shield mpụta mbụ ya na oge 2012–13 mgbe egwú ya malitere rookie.  [1] Cameron akpụkpọ na 3/61 site na 19 overs na mpụta mbụ ya megide New South Wales na Sydney Cricket Ground tupu ya egbochi egwu South Australia mana ọ na-aga obere wicket.

## Ọrụ egwuregwu mgbe emechara
N'ịchụso ọrụ nta, Cameron ọrụ maka otu mgbasa ozi Cricket Australia .  [1] Cameron dere maka Cricket Network 

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Syd Carpenter

Syd Carpenter ( መግቢያ 1953) bụ onye omenkà America America na onye prọfesọ lara ezumike nka nke nka studio.  A mara ya maka ọrụ seramiiki na ihe ọkpụkpụ ya, nke na-ịtọ ugbo na ọrụ ugbo nke ndị Africa na America.  [1] [2] [3] Ọ na-enweta ọtụtụ ọkpụkpọ, Pew Fellowship na NEA Fellowship, na ọrụ dị ugbu a na Smithsonian American Art Museum's collection na Philadelphia Museum of Art's collection. 

## Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
A ịga ekiri nkà na Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania na 1953. [1] O'ama nzere bachelọ nke Fine Art na 1974 yana Master of Fine Art na 1976 site na Tyler School of Art and Architecture .   

## Ọrụ
 
Na 1991, Carpenter ụzọ ihe na Swarthmore College dị ka Prọfesọ nke Studio Art, ebe ọ ga-ama ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nka n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 2022, nke mere na arụ ọrụ enye klaas seramiiki.   [1] [2] Na Swarthmore, a na-akpata ya na Endowed Peggy Chan Prọfesọ nke Black Studies na January 2021. [2] [3] Na 1992, e nyere ya Pew Fellowship na Arts.

 N'afọ 2014, ihe ngosi Carpenter "Syd Carpenter: More Places of Our Own" bụ otu n'ime ihe ngosi nke African American Museum na Philadelphia ihe ihe nrite $50,000 sitere na Knight Foundation iji kwalite.  [1] [2] N'afọ 2021, gboo nkà na onye na-ese ihe Steve Donegan, haziri ma wuo "oke mkpọmkpọ ebe" na ndị dike ihe ngosi nka Woodmere dị ka a gburugburu ebe obibi.  [3] Site na Jenụwarị– Mee 2022, ihe ngosi ya bụ onyinye ụwa: Ịsọpụrụ ndị ọrụ ubi, nke sitere na ihe nketa nke ndị ọrụ ugbo, ụlọ na ụlọ ngosi nka nke Mahadum Rowan .  [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] Na Mee 2022, mpempe ya, Mary Lou Furcron, ihe na ihe ngosi Smithsonian American Art Museum, "Oge a dị ugbu a: Ịmepụta ụwa Ka Mma."  [9] Na Nọvemba 2022, akpara ọkwa ọkwa otu n'ime Amaghị aha bụ mmetụta (AWAW).  ) Ndị nnata ihe nrite 2022, na-anata $25,000 [10] Na Disemba 16, 2022, Carptenter ụzọ na usoro nri enwetara, Craft in America episode "Home," n'ዳግ ndị na-ese ihe Bskakone Greg Johnson, Wharton Esherick  na Sim Van der Ryn

## Nchịkọta
A na-arụ ọrụ nkà na mkpokọta na-agwụ nke Smithsonian American Art Museum, [1] Metropolitan Museum of Art, [2] na Philadelphia Museum of Art, n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ.

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ogige Donald

Donald E. Camp (akpa 1940 [1] na Meadville, Pennsylvania ) bụ onye omenkà America, onye na-ese foto na prọfesọ emeritus nke foto na nke Ursinus na Collegeville, Pennsylvania .   Ogige ahụ nwere ma Bachelor of Fine Arts na Master of Fine Arts si Tyler School of Art na Philadelphia.   [2] Ogige ama ama maka ihe ndị ọrụ ya nke na-egosi ugwu na ugwu nke a ịhụ na ihu mmadụ, ị nke ndị ikom America America .   Ụzọ akwụkwọ ụkwụ nke iche nke ụkwụ gbadoro ụkwụ na-ahụ ያለፈ apụ nke 19 na usoro foto na-azụ foto

Akwụkwọ akụkọ mgbede Philadelphia na akwụkwọ ọmụmụ Sunday.  Ọ bụ onye otu Philadelphia Association of Black Journalists (PABJ)   

Na 1990 Ogige malitere usoro foto ya *bụ Dust Shaped Hearts*, nnukwu foto foto e kere na raw earth pigment na casein. Usoro eserese malitere site na onyonyo nke ndị nwoke ojii wee gbasaa ruo na ịgụnye ụmụ nwanyị na agbụrụ ndị ọzọ.   

Na 1995 Camp bụ onye nnata nke mmekọ Guggenheim    

Achịkọtala ọrụ ya na Delaware Art Museum, [1] Petrucci Family Foundation Collection of African American-Art, [2] Philip na Muriel Berman Museum of Art, [3] na Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts.  [4] Donald Camp ugbu a bi ma na-arụ ọrụ na Philadelphia.

E mkpa ọrụ na ihe ngosi 2015 Anyị Na-ekwu: Ndị na-ese ojii na Philadelphia, 1920s-1970s na Woodmere Art Museum   

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* ihe ngosi mebere nke ụfọdụ usoro Donald E. Camp's Dust Shaped Hearts gụnyere vidiyo nke ogige na-egosi usoro ya
* Nyochaa na TheArtBlog
* Don Camp na ICA
* Donald Camp na Coleman Center for Arts
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Colin Chase

Colin Chase (Eprel 13, 1886 - foto 25, 1937) bụ onye omere ihe nkiri America gbachiri ebe .

## Akụkọ ndụ
Amụrụ na 1886 na Lewiston, Idaho, Chase bịanyere aka na fim mbụ ya na 1915 wee mee ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri 45. Na 1916, ọ bịanyere aka na ogologo oge na ụlọ ọrụ Morosco-Pallas 

A na-atụkarị Chase dị ka onye n'Ebe Ọdịda, mgbe ụfọdụ a na-azụ dị ka Bud Chase .  Dị ka onye na-akwado Fox na ụlọ ihe nkiri ndị ọzọ, o mere eme na ihe nkiri nkiri.  Ọ bụbu onye na-ese njikọ maka otu akwụkwọ dị na Chicago ma mee ihe na vaudeville 

Chase ሞት na 25, 1937, otu izu mgbe ọ hụrụwụrụ akpọnwụ, [1] na Sawtelle, California .

## Ihe nkiri onyonyo

* *Nna na Ụmụntakịrị* (1915)
* *Njide nke ekworo* (1916)
* *Obi gbagọrọ agbagọ* (1916)
* *Ime Maddalena* (1916)
* *Parson nke Panamint* (1916)
* *Ụzọ Maka Ịhụnanya* (1916)
* *Ụzọ ziri ezi* (1916)
* *Ndị nke ya* (1917)
* *Mmụọ nke Romance* (1917)
* *Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti* (1917)
* *Onye na-emebi iwu dị ịtụnanya* (1917)
* *Mkpụrụ obi akpọrọ* (1917)
* *Ace High* (1918)
* *Ndị nwunye na ndị nwunye ndị ọzọ* (1918)
* *Ịkwụsị ihe mgbochi* (1923)
* *Snowdrift* (1923)
* *Nwa agbọghọ na-enweghị Chukwu* (1929)
* *Ndị agha ikuku* (1929)
* *Akụkọ ukwu* (1929)
* *The Lone Star Ranger* (1930)
* *The Vanishing Riders* (1935)
* *Cyclone Ranger* (1935)

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

*
Dana chandler

Dana C. Chandler, Jr., nke a na-dị ka Akin Duro, (akpa àgwà 7, 1941), bụ onye omenkà ike ojii, onye na-eme ihe na Prọfesọ Emeritus na Simmons .

## Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Chandler na Lynn, Massachusetts.  O tolitere na mpaghara Roxbury nke Boston 

Chandler akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Boston Public Schools .  Site na nwata ọ ịlụ ogụ maka ikpe ziri ezi na-elekọta mmadụ na-eji nkà dịka ngwá ọrụ ọrụ maka izi.  Enyere ya onyinye nturu ugo nke National Scholastic Art Award maka afọ anọ nke ọrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ, na Boston's Technical High School yana ihe nrite nka nke awụ mbụ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ na 1959. Ọ bụ n'oge a ka ọ sonyeere NAACP n'  òtù ndị isi ojii.  Chandler nwere ike n'ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe nkiri Gary Rickson

Na 1967, Chandler USB na nkuzi site na Massachusetts College of Art .

## Ọrụ
Chandler bụ nke nke ndị isi ojii integrationist na Boston, na-eji nka maka ikpe ziri ezi ọha na eze na ikike mmadụ.  

Na 1971, a goro Chandler dị ka osote prọfesọ na Simmons College .  Ọ lara ezumike nká na Mee 2004.

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Laurent Casimir

Laurent Casimir (May 8, 1928 – 1990) bụ onye omenkà nke Haiti .

Casimir kwagara Port-au-Prince na njedebe 1940s ma e nwere ya na Center d'Art na 1947 site n'aka enyi ya, onye na-ese ihe Dieudonné Cedor .  Site na 1950 ruo 1956 ọ gara Foyer of Fine Arts, nke otu ndị nwere ikike isi na ndị nka ọgbara ọhụrụ hiwere, kpọọ Cedor .  Casimir bụ otu n'ime ndị isi akara archetype nke Haiti, ọ na-ese ihe dị iche iche nke uhie, oroma na odo.  A na-e ike ụdị ụdị ya, ọ na-esiri ike ikwenye izi nke ezi ụzọ na-aza aha ya.

N'etiti 1970 ọ bi na Martissant ebe ọ ga-ere ihe osise ya site n'ọnụ ụlọ dị n'ihu, ebe n'azụ ụlọ, ụfọdụ n'ime ndị na-amụ ya ga-ese ma na-e ụlọ na agba.  na akwa akwa Casimir, ihe niile ga-emesị bịanye aka.  site na ya.

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ

* *Omenala Naive: Haiti*, Milwaukee Art Center, 1974.
* Ute Stebick, *Art Haiti*, Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Brooklyn, 1978.

## Ntụaka
LeRoy Clarke

LeRoy Clarke (7 Nọvemba 1938 - 27 Julaị 2021) [1] bụ onye na-ese ihe na-ahụ anya, onye na-ede uri, onye nkuzi / onye na-amụ, onye ọkà ihe na Onye ndu Orisha, [  2] onye banyere na Belmont, Port of Spain, Trinidad na Tobago .

Onye na-ese ihe na-anya onwe ya, [1] ọ gara na 1967 ibi na New York, ebe n'afọ sochirinụ o usoro usoro a na-akpọ "Iberibe nke nsọ nsọ" na Studio Museum na Harlem, [2  ] [3] na-aga.  ka ọ bụrụ onye mbụ na-ese ihe na-ebi ebe ahụ, n'etiti 1972 na 1974. [4] E sere ihe ọrụ ya n'elu ihe ngosi n'ime ọtụtụ awụ, sị Douens (1973–76), Ịsọpụrụ  LeRoy Clarke na ọnwụ 80th ya na ebe nchekwa nke nne ya Ellen Clarke (2018), na nso a Anya Hayti… Cries… N'ebe niile, na 2021 

Dị ka onye na-ede uri, o bipụtara akwụkwọ ise: *Taste of Endless Fruit* (1972); *Douens* (1976), *Eyeing De Word – Love Poem for Ettylene* (2004), *De Distance Is Here, The El Tucuche Epic 1984–2007* (2007), na *Nzuzo Ahụhụ nke nnụnụ miri emi n'ime m, chọrọ ife efe* (2008).

N'ime ọtụtụ ihe nrite ndị o mgba bụ nzere doctorate site na Mahadum Trinidad na Tobago .

Clarke nwụrụ na 27 Julaị 2021, dị afọ 82. 

## Mbipụta

* 1970: *Pọtụfoliyo: Iberibe nke Mmụọ* (eserese)
* 1972: *uto nke mkpụrụ osisi na-adịghị agwụ agwụ* (abụ)
* 1976: *Douens* (abụ). Mbipụta nke abụọ 1981
* 2003: *LeRoy Clarke: Nke anụ ahụ na nnu na ikuku na ugbu a* . Port nke Spain, Trinidad na Tobago: National Museum na Art Gallery nke Trinidad na Tobago, 
* 2004: *Eyeing de Word – Love Poem for Ettylene* . ISBN&nbsp; (mkpuchi);  (mkpuchi siri ike)
* 2007: *De anya dị ebe a - El Tucuche Epic 1984-2007* . ISBN&nbsp; (mkpuchi siri ike);  (mkpuchi dị nro)
* 2008: *Ahụhụ nzuzo nke nnụnụ miri emi n'ime m, na-achọ ife efe: mkpokọta ihe osise* . ISBN&nbsp; (mkpuchi siri ike);  (mkpuchi dị nro)
* 2010: *Olu nke Coal na-ese anwụrụ* . ISBN&nbsp; (mkpuchi siri ike);  (mkpuchi dị nro)

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Weebụsaịtị gọọmentị
Jabulani Chen Pereira

**Jabulani Chen Pereira** bụ onye ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa na onye na-ese ihe.

## Agụmakwụkwọ
Pereira nwere nzere Master of Arts na Museum Studies site na Mahadum New York na-elekwasị anya na ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na foto.   Aha akwụkwọ akụkọ ha bụ ihe *ngosi ngosi ihe ngosi nka, ime ihe ike na oke mmadụ* . 

## Ime ihe
Na 2011, mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nhazi mmemme Africa maka International Gay & Lesbian Human Rights Commission, Pereira kwuru gbasara ikike LGBT na Nigeria :Anyị na-arịọ Onye isi ala Nigeria ka o duzie ọchịchị ya n'ụzọ doro anya na-akwado akwụkwọ ikike nke Africa Charter of Human and Peoples' na International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Mmetụta nke mkpebi nke ndị ụlọ omebe iwu Naijiria na-enyefe iwu a, nke a maara dị ka otu nwoke na nwanyị ịlụ nwanyị (Prohibition) Bill, 2011 etinyela ndị mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị, ndị na-edina ụdị onwe, ụdị nwoke na nwanyị na-abụghị nwoke ma ọ bụ nwanyị na-adịghị mma n'oké egwu maka nchekwa na ọdịmma ha. ịbụ. Na Jenụwarị 2012, Pereira hiwere Iranti, otu na-abụghị gọọmentị na-elekwasị anya n'okwu gbasara ikike ndị isi site na mgbasa ozi anya.   

## Ndụ onwe onye

## Ihe ngosi

* *Critically Queer -* Dr. Kylie Thomas tụlere ya n'akwụkwọ ya bụ *The Transgressive Visions of Jabulani Chen Pereira.*  
* *Ntụleghachi na Eziokwu na Ndozigharị Commission,* Red Location Museum, Port Elizabeth 
* *Afọ 100 nke ụmụ nwanyị na iwu,* ihe ngosi njem. 

## Ntụaka
site na Mahadum New York na-elekwasị anya na ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na foto.   Aha akwụkwọ
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Conrad Bo

**Michiel Conrad Botha** (amụrụ 9 Ọgọst 1972), nke a maara nke ọma dị ka **Conrad Bo**, bụ onye omenkà South Africa na onye guzobere ngagharị nka Superstroke .

Amụrụ ya na Pretoria, South Africa, mana tolitere na Witbank, ihe dịka 100 kilomita site na Pretoria, ebe ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị na sekọndrị.  Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Johannesburg, ebe ọ nwetara B.Com. ogo . Mgbe arụchara ọrụ maka ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ. o tinyere onwe ya oge nile na nka na 2002.

The Superstroke art ije bụ kpọmkwem ụkpụrụ nke echiche nke izugbe, na dị ka Bo si kwuo, ọ na-enwekwa mmetụta dị ukwuu site na superflat, ndị Japan art ije nke Takashi Murakami tọrọ ntọala.

## Ntụaka
na sekọndrị.  Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Johannesburg, ebe ọ nwetara B.Com.

* Akwụkwọ akụkọ Omenala Mbipụta mbụ Eprel June 2005
* Magazin blink Dec Jan 2005, P55 -60. Conrad Botha, ihe osise monochrome
* Magazin Ebe obibi (Mbipụta South Africa) Julaị 2007 p67-70. Conrad Bo, Johannesburg na ojii na ọcha

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ozi, Eserese
* Ozi, foto eserese na nkọwapụta na Superstroke Art Movement
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Louise D. Clement-Hoff

Louise D. Clement-Hoff (June 4, 1926 – Jan 31, 2020) bụ onye na-ese ihe na onye nkuzi nke America bụ ndị na ike, pastel na ịse ọnụọgụ na ndụ .

## Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
Louise Darling Clement-Hoff [1] John George na Eva Adele Ulett na Philadelphia wee gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ William Penn .  Oxia nzere bachelọ nke Fine Arts na Philadelphia College of Art (nke a maara ugbu a dị ka Mahadum Arts ) wee gaa n'ihu n'iji ihe nka ya na Tyler School of Art of Temple University, Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts na Barnes  Ntọala..  

## Ọrụ
Ụkọ nkuzi nke Clement-Hoff 18 afọ nke ihe omume ike na Woodmere Art Museum, nri, ike ndụ na ike na Hussian School of Art ;  na ihe ụmụaka afọ 64 nke nsogbu, ihe ọkpụkpụ na ike na Fleisher Art Memorial, niile na Philadelphia.  Ọ kuziri ndị nne na nna ụmụ akwụkwọ debanyere aha na Fleisher's Saturday Young Artists Programme [1] na Mahadum West Chester [2] na Chester County, Pennsylvania, main akwụkwọ .

Clement-Hoff bụ onye na-ese ihe na onye na-ese ihe.  [1] Ọtụtụ ụlọ ihe mgbe ochie na veranda songs ya na Ndagwurugwu Delaware n'oge ndụ ya, ọrụ ya na mkpokọta nka na New York City, Philadelphia, Washington, DC na San Francisco .  Na 1998, Mahadum West Chester's McKinney Gallery ihe ngosi ngosi anya ya.  [2] [3] The Atlantic City Art Centre ihe ngosi nke ọrụ ya na nri, pastel na ụzọ na 2000 

N'afọ 1988, a nọchiri anya ọrụ ya na ihe ngosi nke akara na ọbá akwụkwọ efu nke Philadelphia na-egosi The Pride, the Prejudice, "nke ihe ọhụrụ ihe ngosi nke ndị ojii na mgbasa ozi dị iche iche n'ime afọ 300 gara aga.  Ihe ngosi ahụ egwu Howard N. Watson, Dox Thrash, Samuel J. Brown Jr., Varnette Honeywood, Cal Massey na Barbara Bullock

## Nkwenye mgbe a nwụsịrị
Ọrụ Clement-Hoff pụtakwara n'akwụkwọ Daphne Landis nke 2003 *na-ekwu maka onwe ha: The Artists of Southeast Pennsylvania* nke kọwara ya dị ka igosi mmasị n'ihe "dị ndụ zuru oke". 

Na emume nke onye isi obodo Philadelphia bụ Michael Nutter duziri, Fleisher Art Memorial jirila Clement-Hoff ka ọ nwetara 2015 Founder's Award iji kwado nkwado ya na-adịgide na ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ.  

Ụbọchị Clement-Hoff na ihe ngosi 2015 Anyị na-ekwu: Black Artists na Philadelphia, 1920s-1970s na Woodmere Art Museum .

## Ntụaka
Jacob van Schalkwyk

**Jacob van Schalkwyk** (amụrụ 20 Septemba 1979) bụ onye na-ese ihe na onye ode akwụkwọ South Africa.

## Akụkọ ndụ
Van Schalkwyk tolitere na Pretoria, South Africa tupu ọ kwaga New York City na 0000 ịga Pratt Institute of Art and Design, ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na eserese . Mgbe ọ na-enweta nzere bachelọ nke Fine Arts ọ bụ onye nnata nke Pratt Circle Award for Academic Achievement na 2003 na onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke Prattler. Van Schalkwyk laghachiri South Africa na 2008 ma bi ugbu a na Sea Point, Cape Town .

## Art
Ọrụ Van Schalkwyk gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ na abstraction, na-etinye isiokwu na echiche sitere na mgbakọ na mwepụ dị ka ihe mejupụtara. Ọ na-eche banyere ihe onwunwe na usoro, nke a mụrụ site n'ịhụnanya akwụkwọ . Van Schalkwyk na-eji ink lithographic dị ka ihe eji ese ihe na eserese . Ọrụ ya na akwụkwọ na-eme ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti ibipụta akwụkwọ, ịse ihe, eserese na ihe ọkpụkpụ na-enweghị enyemaka .

GALLERY AOP nọchitere anya ọrụ Van Schalkwyk na Johannesburg site na 2011 - 2016. Mbipụta nwere obere ihe osise 100 monographs 2011-2013 (  ) Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka bipụtara. Na 2016, David Krut Projects weghaara ihe nnọchianya nke ọrụ ya.  Omume Van Schalkwyk gụnyere ịse, eserese, ibipụta akwụkwọ, ihe nkiri na vidiyo, ọkpụkpụ na ntinye .

## Na-ede
Ụlọ Alibi, akwụkwọ akụkọ mpụta mbụ ya na-akọwa oge ya na Fort Greene, Brooklyn bụ Umuzi bipụtara, nkewa nke Penguin-Random House na 2014 na ma Afrikaans na Bekee .  A họpụtara ya maka onyinye akwụkwọ akụkọ Sunday Times, UJ Fiction Prize na SATI Award maka ntụgharị pụtara ìhè.

### Nyocha akwụkwọ

* Club Alibi  nke Karin Schimke .
* Swagger siri ike nweta na ntụkwasị obi na mwepụta nke Jaco van Schalkwyk's The Alibi Club site na Akwụkwọ Live Sunday Times . 

## Egwu
Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Pratt Institute of Art and Design na 0000, Van Schalkwyk jikọrọ aka na Carl Hancock Rux na album studio nke atọ ya Good Bread Alley, na opera-oratorio MYCENAEAN tupu ọ laghachi South Africa . Na South Africa ọ hibere Afrikaans art-punk duo Jaco+Z-dog ya na onye na-ese ihe Zander Blom site na 2009 ruo 2011. Ọ rụrụ dị ka onye na-abụ onye ọbịa na ọba Buckfever Underground 's 2012 Verkerdevlei.

## Ntụaka
mụrụ site n'ịhụnanya akwụkwọ . Van Schalkwyk na-eji ink lithographic dị ka ihe eji ese ihe na eserese . Ọrụ ya na akwụkwọ na-eme ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti ibipụta akwụkwọ, ịse ihe, eserese na ihe ọkpụkpụ

## Njikọ mpụga

* Jacob van Schalkwyk, artsy.net
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Sekou Cooke

Sekou Cooke bụ onye America-Jamaia na-ese ụlọ ụlọ, onye ode akwụkwọ na onye nkuzi, yana e akwụkwọ ya na ụdị ụlọ Hip-hop.  Ọ bụ onye isi nke Master na mmemme ime obodo na UNC Charlotte [1] na onye isi ụlọ ọrụ Sekou Cooke Studio.  Cooke bụ otu n'ime ndị Black Reconstruction Collective. 

## Ahụmahụ
Akwụkwọ Cooke ma nke Jamaica wee nwere saịtị B.Arch na Mahadum Cornell na Master of Architecture na Harvard Graduate School of Design.  [1] Ọ bụ onye na-ese ụlọ ụlọ nwe ikike na steeti New York .  Tupu onye ọrụ na UNC Charlotte, ] bụ [Prọfesọ nke Architecture na Mahadum Syracuse. 

## Ihe nrite
Cooke ahịa nri nturu ugo nke ngalaba na 2020 site na Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture (ACSA) [1] na onyunyo Graham Foundation na 2018 maka oru ngo nke 'Nso Edge: ike Hip-Hop Architecture'.  [2] Ọ bụ onye nnata nke 2017 Architectural League Prize .  [3] Na 2021, gosiri WEB Du Bois Research Institute ibe.  Ọ bụ WEB Du Bois Research Institute na-enye iru ahụ na Hutchins Center for African & African American Research na Mahadum Harvard . 

## Ọrụ
Cooke bụ onye dere akwụkwọ ' Hip-Hop Architecture ' nke Bloomsbury akwụkwọ na 2021. [1] Akwụkwọ ya na-ezo aka ihe nke omenala hip-hop na akwụkwọ aka ná ntì nke ụlọ na gburugburu ebe obibi.   Ọdịnaya a na-eme ka agụ akwụkwọ nke ọma dị adị na nke ihe mere eme n'ime mpaghara okike yana o na-enwe na obodo ndị na-ama atụ na ndị ojii.   [2] E ọrụ ya n'oge ihe ngosi solo na Center for Architecture na New York na 2018

Service Cooke mgbidira bụ nke Museum of Modern Art na New York wee tinye ya na ihe ngosi 2021 'Reconstructions: Architecture and Blackness in America' n' watch Walter Hood, Germane Barnes, V.Mitch McEwen, Emanuel Admassu na ndị ọzọ.  Ọ bụ ihe ngosi mbụ n'ime ihe mere eme nke MoMA nke na- bronị ndị na-achọta ihe, ndị na-ese ihe na ndị na-ese ihe n'Africa.  Ọrụ ya bụ 'We Outchea: Hip Hop Fabrications and Public Space', Nwepụtara ajụjụ ihe mere eme nke obodo ndị America site n'aka ndị na-eme akwụkwọ obodo Syracuse, NY

Na 2020, nlele Cooke n'ụdị Refik Anadol na Rael San Fratello ka ha pụtapụta maka ọrịa COVID-19 .  Atụmatụ Cooke aha ya bụ ' Unmonument ' bụ usoro echiche na-agbanwe echiche nke ihe ọmụmụ dị iche na ụdị nke usoro in-flux kama. 

.Na 2021, ọ bụ akwa nke mmemme pilot ọhụrụ nke Obodo Los Angeles ụzọ iji chepụta Ngalaba Ebe obibi Ngwa (ADU).  Onye isi obodo LA Eric Garcetti , mmemme ahụdị otu ndị na-ese ụlọ ụlọ foto ka ha chepụta ma chepụta ụlọ obibi iji gboo mkpa obodo ndị na-arrị elu maka ụlọ dị ọnụ ala ka ha na-eme ka Michel imewe obodo ahụ.  isi elu  

## Echiche
Cooke had noted Mike Ford na-azọrọ na nke nke Hip-hop architecture lay with both Le Corbusier and Robert Moses, Cooke n'onwe ya na-ekwu na ọrụ nsogbu na eze na New York City site n'aka Moses bụ ntọala mkpa mkpa. 

### Akwụkwọ akụkọ

* 

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Saịtị gọọmentị

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ