Robert A. Hamblin

Robert A. Hamblin (amụrụ n'afọ 1969) bụ onye na-ese ihe nkiri na South Africa, na-arụ ọrụ karịsịa na foto na eserese na akwụkwọ. Ọrụ ahụ na-ekwu maka esemokwu gbasara okike na mmekọahụ nke ọnọdụ mmadụ nke oge a. InterseXion, ihe ngosi dị iche iche na mmekọrịta afọ asaa na Sistaaz Hood, otu ndị ọrụ mmekọahụ transgender nke South Africa, mere na Iziko South African National Gallery na 2017. E bipụtara akụkọ ndụ ya na June afọ 2021.

## Mbido ndụ na ọrụ
A mụrụ Robert A. Hamblin na Hillbrow, Johannesburg n'afọ 1969, ma nye ya otú nwanyị mgbe a mụrụ ya. Enweghị ahụ iru ala na nwoke na nwanyị jupụtara n'ọrụ nka ya dị mma site na nwata wee bụrụ isiokwu dị mkpa site n'oge ọ gbanwere site na nwanyị gaa na nwoke n'afọ iri atọ ya.

Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Alberton, Gauteng Province (Johannesburg region) na 1986, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-enyere aka na onye na-ese foto maka afọ abụọ ikpeazụ nke agụmakwụkwọ ya.

Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese foto azụmahịa na ọrụ ihe nkiri. Ihe ndị a na-emetụta ka ụdị ọrụ nke ọrụ nka ya mara mma, ma gosipụta n'ụzọ doro anya na ọrụ mbụ ya gosipụtara n'ihu ọha, Millennium Man na 1998. A na-eji ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na setịpụ ihe iji gosipụta akụkọ ebe a na-enyocha njirimara nwoke na nwanyị wee ghọọ akụkọ ebe Hamblin nọgidere na-arụ ọrụ n'ime afọ iri abụọ sochirinụ.  

N'afọ 2006, n'etiti afọ iri atọ ya, Hamblin malitere mgbanwe nwoke na nwanyị site na nwanyị gaa na nwoke. N'ikpeazụ, n'afọ 2007, o nyere aka wee tọọ ntọala otu Afrịka Gender DynamiX, otu na-ahụ maka ikike nke ndị trans, na-ejide ọkwa nke osote onye nduzi na-ahụ anya maka Advocacy na mgbasa ozi njikọ site na 2009 - 2011.

Taa ọ na-aga n'ihu na ọrụ nka ya na ime ihe nke dugara na ntọhapụ nke akụkọ ndụ ya na June 2021. N'oge mkpọchi mbụ nke ọrịa COVID-19, Hamblin malitere ise foto onwe onye nke egosiri na Cape Town na Johannesburg.

## Ọrụ

### Onye na-ese foto
Hamblin bụ onye na-ese foto site na nwata. Ọ zụrụ igwefoto mbụ ya na ngwá ọrụ ọchịchịrị site na ise foto ndị na-eme egwuregwu nwoke n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ma resị ndị na-akwado ha na-eto eto foto ndị ahụ. Ọ malitere ọrụ azụmahịa ya dị ka onye na-ese foto na akwụkwọ akụkọ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ South Africa Beeld, Die Transvaler na Rapport site n'afọ 1987 ruo 1991. Na mbido afọ iri abụọ ya, ọ malitere ọrụ onwe ya dị ka onye na-ese foto na ihe nkiri, telivishọn na mgbasa ozi nchịkọta akụkọ ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ site na 1991 na 2009. N'otu oge ahụ, ọ mepụtara ọtụtụ ọrụ nka dị mma nke ọrụ foto nke egosiri na mba ụwa na n'ụlọ ngosi nka na ememe nka nke South Africa.

Millennium Man bụ ihe ngosi ihu ọha mbụ ya n'emume nka, nke na-eleba anya nke ọma na ụmụ nwoke na echiche nke nwoke n'ime ụwa na-arịwanye elu.  Afọ iri abụọ ka e mesịrị, ọrụ foto ikpeazụ ya, interseXion, bụ mmekorita ya na ndị ọrụ mmekọahụ transgender ojii nke were afọ asaa iji mepụta, na-agwụcha na ngosi onwe ya na Iziko South African National Gallery na Cape Town.  Ihe ngosi ọhụrụ ya bụ

### Onye na-ese ihe
Hamblin enweghị ọzụzụ nka ma ọ bụ agụmakwụkwọ dị elu ma e wezụga afọ iri abụọ nke ntụziaka na 1953 Académie Ranson abstract painter Nel Erasmus. Ọrụ nka ya na-elekwasị anya n'ihe gbasara nwoke na nwoke dị ka onye transgender ma o gosipụtara ma na South Africa ma na mba ụwa.

Hamblin bipụtara akụkọ ndụ ya Robert: A Queer and Crooked Memoir for the Not So Straight and Narrow na June 2021, site na NB Publishers na Melinda Ferguson Books. Ihe ngosi ọhụrụ ya bụ I Just Told the Stars Who I Am na 99 Loop Gallery.

### Ịgba mbọ
Nkà na ndụ Hamblin dị ka onye trans anọgidewo na-emeghachi omume na njirimara nwoke na nwanyị.  Site na 2007 ruo 2009 o nyere aka na ntọala nke otu Afrịka Gender DynamiX na-ejide ọkwa nke osote onye nduzi na-ahụ maka ikwuru mmadụ ọnụ ya na mgbasa ozi njikọ site na 2009 ruo 2011. Ọ bụ onye na-agbachitere, onye na-eme ihe na onye na-akwado ikike nke ndị transgender, na-eji ahụmịhe nke ya eme ka ọgụ ahụ pụta ìhè. Ọ bụrụ na ị ghọtara okike, ị ga-aghọta na nnọchiaha bụ ụzọ isi nye mmadụ ịbụ mmadụ ya. Mgbe ị akpọghari nwoke ma ọ bụ nwanyị, ị na-ewepụ mmadụ ha. Ịmụta ihe abụghị ihe dị mma. Ọ na-egbu mgbu, n'ihi na ị na-eduga ụzọ akwara gị. Ọ bụ maka ịrụ ọrụ maka obiọma.

Mgbe ọrụ ya na Gender DynamiX gasịrị, ọ bụ onye guzobere otu nkwado maka ndị ọrụ mmekọahụ na-agbanwe nwoke ma ọ bụ nwanyị na otu ụlọ ọrụ na-enweghị uru na Cape Town SWEAT. N'oge a, ọ zụlitere mmasị ya na echiche okike n'ime ihe gbasara ikike ndị ọrụ mmekọahụ.

### Ọrụ nhazi

* Iranti (transgender na lesbian focus) Onye isi oche 2019 - 2021
* Iranti (transgender na lesbian focus) onye otu 2016 - 2020.
* Òtù Nkwado Sistaaz Hood maka ndị ọrụ mmekọahụ ụmụ nwanyị Transgender. Onye guzobere ya, onye ọrụ afọ ofufo na-enye ndụmọdụ Sex Worker Education Advocacy Taskforce (SWEAT): 2011-2020.
* Gender DynamiX (GDX) Onye guzobere ụlọ ọrụ, onye isi oche ụlọ ọrụ, njikwa nkwado, osote onye nduzi: 2006 - 2011.

## Ihe ngosi

* Onyinye Fellowship na Houston Centre for Photography na Texas (The Binary Farm).
* Ihe nrite nhọpụta Kanna nke South Africa. Klein Karoo National Arts Festival (mgbe ị na-eche dị ka nwanyị)

## Ihe ngosi

### Naanị ya

* 2021 Agwara m kpakpando Onye m bụ 99 Loop Gallery.
* 2018 InterseXion Iziko South African National Gallery, Cape Town
* 2017 InterseXion Johannesburg, Bloemfontein
* 2017 Mahadum Colony nke Stellenbosch Art Museum Cape Town
* 2016 Threshold International Young Photographers Festival, Daegu, South Korea
* 2015 Asụsụ Nwa nwanyị Lizamore & Associates Gallery, Johannesburg
* 2014 The Colony, University of Johannesburg Gallery, Johannesburg
* 2013 Akụkọ a kpọrọ "Shia".Mgbe Ị na-enwe Mmetụta Dị ka Nwaanyị.Nke a bụ ihe a na-akpọ Mahadum nke Cape Town Centre for African Studies Gallery, African Gender Institute
* 2013 Emume nka nke mba Colony Aardklop, Potchefstroom
* 2006 Binary Farm Cape Town, Potchefstroom
* 2000 The Post Christian Open Window Art Academy, Pretoria, Potchefstroom
* 1998 Millennium Man Potchefstroom, Cape Town, Johannesburg
* 1996 Na ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche nke onwe, Johannesburg

### Ìgwè

* 2021 Abstrakt Nel na Long Street Gallery, Cape Town
* Ihe osise 2020 (N'azụ Ihe ngosi), Dawid Ras Gallery, Johannesburg
* 2016 Asụsụ Nwa nwanyị (DF Group 1 Exhibition), Erdmann Contemporary Group, Cape Town
* 2015 InterseXion (Queer in Africa Conference), The District Six Museum Homecoming Centre, Cape Town (Nkwado ya na The Sistaaz Hood)
* 2015 Asụsụ Nwa nwanyị (Lizamore & Assoc artist), Cape Town Art Fair 
* 2015 Asụsụ Nwa nwanyị (Break the Spell exhibition), Oude Libertas Gallery Stellenbosch, Cape Town
* 2014 Mgbe ị na-enwe mmetụta dị ka nwanyị (Nomad body exhibition), Antwerp University College of Artesis, Royal Academy of Fine Arts, Belgium.
* 2013 The Morality Monkeys (ihe ngosi otu), Dstreet Gallery, Stellenbosch, South Africa
* 2013 Nomad Bodies, Wintertuin Gallery, University College of Artesis, Royal Academy of Fine Arts, Antwerp
* 2013 Tom Na-echere No Man, KKNK & ebe niile na mba, South Africa
* 2013 Ndị na-ese foto ise, Dawid's Choice Gallery, Johannesburg
* 2010 Na-eri mpako gị, ọrụ efu, South Africa
* 2008 Ihe nketa nke ụmụ nwoke, Johannesburg Art Gallery
* 2006 Binary Farm (ya na Neo Ntsoma na Jurgen Schadaberg), Mahadum nke Johannesburg Gallery
* 2006 Round Table, ArtSpace, Johannesburg
* 2006 Nna (vidiyo), Out in Africa Film Festival & Hamburg LGBT Film Festival,
* 2006 The Best of KKNK, Gordon Froud Contemporary, Johannesburg
* 2004 Mmekọahụ, (ihe nrite HCP), Houston Centre of Photography, Mahadum Rice, USA
* 2003 Inner Room (ìgwè), Aluvert, Johannesburg
* 2002 Oge Mgbanwe na Nel Erasmus, ArtSpace, Johannesburg

### Nchịkọta

* Mahadum nke Johannesburg
* Ebe ngosi nka William Humphreys, Kimberly, South Africa

## Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara

* New Museum/MIT Press na-anọchite anya na njedebe ya Critical Anthology on Trans Cultural Production & the Politics of Visibility - 2017.
* Otu ịda ogbenye na enweghị nhata nwoke na nwanyị si agafe n'ahụ mmadụ - Lucinda Jolly Business Day.
* Ihe osise nke na-enyocha nna na nkuchi agbụrụ - Dr. Richardt Strydom Mail and Guardian.
* Amsterdam University Press - Dr. Tessa Lewin.
* Ọmarịcha Mgbaghara Ụwa
* Akwụkwọ akụkọ Wasafari - Akụkọ dị ukwuu maka mkpụrụedemede Queer: Omume nka nke oge a na South Africa, Dr. Roelof Petrus van Wyk.
* The Journalist: Thabo Thwala - Intersexion: ihe ngosi juputara na ọrụ mmekọahụ transgender.
* Cape Times - Mkpịsị nke Nwoke.
* Eyemazing Susan Annual Pictorial Vol.II - Onye mmeri Lucie Award.
* Ntinye ihe osise na ndụ nke ndị ọrụ mmekọahụ na-agbanwe agbanwe Dr. Ernst van der Wal.
* Stellenbosch University Publications - Ahụ nke / n'ọrụ: Foto Volatile na nnọchiteanya nke Trans Sex Workers Dr. Ernst van der Wal.
* Ndị inyom Africa 14 Rethinking Mmekọahụ na Ime Ihe Ike 2010

## Mgbasa ozi

* Podcast Homebru 2021. Ajụjụ ọnụ na Jonathan Ancer Ọgọst 2021.
* Daily Maverick: Ajụjụ ọnụ na Karin Schimke
* Cape Talk: Ajụjụ ọnụ redio na akwụkwọ ncheta ya Robert: A Queer & Crooked Memoir
* News24: Akụkọ site na Shaun De Waal Ọgọst 2021
* Luan Nel na Robert A. Hamblin July 2021
* Nnyocha akwụkwọ na SABC NEWS June 2021
* Podcast. Down Memoir Lane na Robert A. Hamblin
* Nnyocha akwụkwọ Mamba online June 2021
* LitNet Ajụjụ ọnụ na Robert A. Hamblin (Afrikaans) July 2021
* Daily Maverick: Olu nke ahụ site na Shaun De Waal June 2007

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị

## Ebensidee

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations