Ann Chowning

**Martha Ann Chowning** (18 Eprel 1929 – 25 Febụwarị 2016) bụ ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara mmadụ na anụmanụ, ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ọdịbendị, ọkà mmụta ihe ochie na asụsụ nke Amerịka a ma ama maka ọrụ ya gbasara ndị mmadụ, asụsụ, omenala na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Oceania .  

## Akụkọ Ndụ
A mụrụ Chowning na 18 Eprel 1929, na Little Rock, Arkansas . A zụlitere ya na Arkansas, Chowning gụrụ Spanish na Bryn Mawr College na nkà mmụta mmadụ na Barnard College, Columbia, tupu ọ malite PhD ya na nkà mmụta mmadụ na Mahadum Pennsylvania na 1952. N'ebe ahụ, Ward Goodenough kụziiri ya ihe, onye tinyere ya n'ọrụ gbasara ndị Lakalai nke Papua New Guinea . Mgbe ọ gụchara PhD ya na 1957, Chowning mechara leta Lakalai ọtụtụ ugboro n'agbata afọ 1960 na 1990, ma rụọ ọrụ ubi tụnyere na Molima, Sengseng, na Kove .  

Chowning nwere osote prọfesọ na nkà mmụta ihe gbasara mmadụ na Barnard College, Mahadum Columbia, site na 1960 ruo 1965, ma bụrụkwa onye nyocha dị elu na nkà mmụta ihe gbasara mmadụ na Mahadum Mba Australia site na 1965 ruo 1970. Na 1970, a họpụtara ya dịka prọfesọ osote nke nkà mmụta ihe gbasara mmadụ na Mahadum Papua New Guinea, tupu ọ kwaga Mahadum Victoria nke Wellington ka ọ bụrụ Prọfesọ na Onyeisi Ngalaba Nkà Mmụta Ihe Banyere Mmadụ na 1977. Chowning lara ezumike nka na 1995.   Ọ nwụrụ na 25 Febụwarị 2016 na Auckland, New Zealand .

## Nnyocha
Ọrụ Chowning gụnyere asụsụ dị iche iche, asụsụ, akụkọ ihe mere eme na akụkọ ihe mere eme. O tinyere aka nke ukwuu na nkà mmụta asụsụ ndị dị na Oceanic, akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Lakalai-Bekee ya nwekwara ike ịbụ akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu kachasị ukwuu n'asụsụ Western Oceanic ọ bụla. 

## Ọrụ ndị ahọpụtara

* Chowning, Ann, na Ward H. Goodenough. 1965. Òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Lakalai. *Nzukọ Ndị Mmadụ: Akwụkwọ Akụkọ nke Ọmụmụ Mmadụ na Mmekọrịta Mmadụ na Ntụnyere* 1 (3–4), 412–473
* Chowning, Ann. 1969. Asụsụ Austronesian nke New Britain. *Akwụkwọ n'asụsụ Melanesia* 2, 17–46.
* Chowning, Ann. 1973. *Okwu Mmalite nke ndị mmadụ na omenala nke Melanesia* . Addison-Wesley. Mbipụta nke abụọ 1977, nke Cummings bipụtara.
* Chowning, Ann. 1979. Ọchịchị na Melanesia. *Akwụkwọ akụkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Pacific* 14 (2), 66–84.
* Blust, Robert, David F. Aberle, NJ Allen, RH Barnes, Ann Chowning, Otto Chr. Dahl, Jacques Faublée, James J. Fox, George W. Grace, Toichi Mabuchi, Kenneth Maddock, na Andrew Pawley. 1980. Nhazi Mmekọrịta Ọha nke Austronesian: Ihe Akaebe nke Asụsụ. *Ọmụmụ Ihe Ndị Mmadụ Ugbu A* 21 (2), 205–226.
* Chowning, Ann, na Ward H. Goodenough. 2016 [1954-]. *Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nke asụsụ Lakalai (Nakanai) nke New Britain, Papua New Guinea* . Asụsụ Eshia na Pasifik Ohere mepere emepe. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/107217

## Ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ ndị ọzọ
Na 2005, e nyere Chowning onyinye site na Festschrift, *A Polymath Anthropologist: Essays in Honor of Ann Chowning* . 

E nyere Chowning onyinye dịka onye otu ndị ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na Association of Social Anthropologists of Aotearoa/New Zealand (ASAA/NZ) si kwuo. 

Iris 'Ann Chowning' bụ iris na-enweghị afụ ọnụ, nke a kọwara dị ka "okooko osisi uhie siri ike, nke na-acha ọbara ọbara nwere ihe osise odo odo miri emi", nke nna Chowning, ọkaiwu Frank Chowning zụlitere, ma eleghị anya a kpọrọ ya aha maka nsọpụrụ ya. 

## Edensibia