Medical ethnobotany of India

Ọgwụgwụ ethnobotany nke India bụ igbu nke osisi ọgwụ India na ojiji ọdịnala ha.  A na-eji Osisi eme ihe na mpaghara India maka mgbaàmà na-egosi ruo ọtụtụ afọ, ma na-ama na-abụ ihe dị mkpa nke ngwaahịa na ọgwụ maka ọtụtụ nde mmadụ.  Ndị India taa na-eji osisi maka ngwaọrụ ngwaọrụ bụ isi (ịkarịsịa n'ime ime obodo na mpaghara ndị na-agba eru) na dịka ndị ọzọ na-emegharị nke oge a.  A na-eme emu na 70% nke ndị India bi n'ime ime obodo na-eji omenala maka mkpa ndabere bụ.[1][2]  Ịdabere na osisi maka ọgwụ ọgwụ na ihe ndị a na-ama na mba ndị na-emepe gbara, ebe n'etiti 65% na 80% nke ndị mmadụ na-eji ọgwụ eme ihe.

Ọgwụgwọ na India na-eduzi n'ụzọ dị ukwuu site na ọgwụ ọgwụ, ma n' akara edi a na-ekerịta n'ọtụtụ ebe (Ayurveda, [1] Siddha, Unani), na omume dị elu nke ma ọ bụ mmepụta (Adivasi).  N'etiti 3,000[2] na 5,000[3] ụdị osisi ọgwụ na-eto na India na ihe dịka 1,000 na-eyi egwu mkpochapụ.  N'ime ndị a, e dekọrọ ihe ụgbọ ụdị osisi 2,400 maka iji mee ọgwụ.  

## Ayurveda Herbal
na-eme Ayurveda ọrịa na osisi ụfọdụ nwere ike iweghachi nguzozi nke ndị mebiri.[1]  Ihe ka ọtụtụ (90%) nke ọgwụ Ayurvedic na osisi.

Ọ bụ ebe ahụ na rediresiri ọgwụgwọ ike na ọgwụ ọdịnala, a na-Mpụta mkpá akwụkwọ Ayurvedic site na nchacha ụlọ na ngwaahịa iji nkwado irẹ nke otu.  Ụfọdụ osisi eji eme ihe na Ayurveda nwere metabolites nke abụọ na-arụ ọrụ nke nwere uru.[1]  Ọgwụ ndị ọzọ mkpụrụ uru uru, ụfọdụ ike inwe na-akpa.

Ọ dịkarịa ala, a chọpụtala osisi 700 site na usoro ọgwụ Ayurvedic. Ọ bụ ezie na a chọpụtala ihe karịrị 12,000 aha osisi Sanskrit n'ihe odide Ayurvedic oge ochie (gụnyere samhitas na nighantus) enwere nnukwu ihe isi ike n'ịtọlite njirimara botanical nke ọtụtụ ụdị a kpọtụrụ aha. A na-akwadebe osisi dịka ọdịnala si dị, na-eji akụkụ osisi ụfọdụ dịka egosiri n'ihe odide akụkọ ihe mere eme. Nkwenye Ayurvedic na-ekwu na akụkụ ụfọdụ nke osisi (dịka akwụkwọ, okooko osisi, mgbọrọgwụ) nwere ihe ndị a kapịrị ọnụ iji gwọọ ọrịa.

##### Ngwakọta ọgwụ mkpá akwụkwọ na synergism
Ọgwụgwọ Ayurvedic na- elele nke otutu (usoro usoro polyherbal).  Ndị na-ahụ maka Ayurvedic ọrịa na ụfọdụ, mgbe a àmà ya, nwere ike na-akwado nke nwera ike ike irẹ nke ire;  a na-akpọ echiche a synergism.  Ihe odide Ayurvedic Sarangdhar Samhita (ihe dị ka 1300 AD) mesiri ike mkpa synergism dị.[1]  A na-eji otu ọgwụ Ayurvedic (trikatu) site na ijikọta ginger, ogologo ose, na ose dị ka ihe nhọrọ maka mgbari nri ma ọ bụ nsogbu afọ.  Ndị na-eme Ayurvedic na-egosi dị otú ahụ nwere ike ike ịmakọrọ.[2]  Afọ nke afọ 2014 faịlụ aro usoro nke nwere ike ịbụ ihe ndabere maka mgbọrọgwụ herbal synergism.

#### Ọgwụ Ayurvedic na mmekọrịta ọgwụ
Nkwadebe nwere ikike na Ayurveda ike i taimaka makọrọ (ma ọ bụ bioavailability) nke ọgwụ.  N'ihi na ndị mgbasa na- uzọ Ayurveda eme ihe iji gbakwunye nke oge a, ebelata nke ire Ayurvedic nwere ike ngwaọrụ ama na-azụ.  onyinye, mkpụrụ osisi nwere ike ike Usoro usoro enzyme cytochrome (CYP), nke nke enzyme imeju dị oke mkpa na metabolism ọgwụ.  Igbochi ma ọ bụ na-eme ka enzymes CYP siri ike bụ ike ngwaahịa a na-ahụ nke ọgwụ mkpá akwụkwọ na ọgwụ.[1]  Ike nke CYP nwere ike ime ka ọrụ ọgwụ daa n'ebe mgbochi ebe mgba dị, ebe ele nke usoro CYP nwere ike mee ka ọgwụ dị elu.

#### Nnyocha maka ịdị irè
N'afọ 2021, nyocha usoro n'ime ọgwụgwọ Ayurvedic maka sinusitis kpebiri mkpa ọ dị ime nnyocha ahụike siri ike tupu e nwee ike iru nkwubi okwu banyere nchekwa na ịdị irè. Nnukwu ihe ịma aka n'ịtụle ọgwụ ahịhịa Ayurvedic bụ nnukwu ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọgwụgwọ. Nnyocha dị iche iche na Ayurveda kpebiri na a chọrọ nhazi nke àgwà na ihe ndị dị n'ime ahịhịa maka nyocha. Nke a na-agụnye nyocha banyere ihe ndị dị n'ime ahịhịa, ịdị irè nke ọgwụ, nyocha nke ọgwụ, na njirimara nke usoro ọgwụgwọ n'ezie (ya bụ, otu ọgwụ si arụ ọrụ n'ezie). 

## Mkpa na itinye ya n'ọrụ

## Ihe odide