open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Asụsụ Belait

Belait, ma ọ bụ Lemeting, bụ akara Malayo-Polynesian nke Brunei na Malaysia dị nso.  Ọ bụ Ndị Belait na-asụ ya bụ ndị bi na Bruneian Belait District.  E mere mmemme na e nwere ndị ọkà okwu 700 na 1995. 

## Nchịkọta
Belait nwere njikọ na nkwado Miri, Kiput na Narum nke Sarawak.  A na-ewere ya dị ka nke Lower Baram subgroup nke egwu North Sarawak.

## Asụsụ
E nwere asụsụ anọ a na-aghọta ibe ha nke Belait. A na-asụ ndị a na mpaghara abụọ:

* N'ime obodo Kuala Balai na Labi
* Na mpaghara Kiudang nke Tutong

A na-asụ asụsụ abụọ dị iche iche nke Belait - Metting na Bong - n'ime obodo Mungkom, Kiudang .  E nwere ndị na-asụ asụsụ ọ bụla ole na ole.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
iko n'ozuzu na Belait phonology Martin (1990) na Metteng Belait[1][2] na Noor Alifah Abdullah (1992) na Labi Belait .  [1] [2] [3] Ihe osise a faka na olumba Metteng (Clynes 2005).  Asụsụ ndị ọzọ nwere ikike ikike iche na ọgụume na okwu ha.

### Mkpụrụ okwu

### Mkpụrụedemede
Meteng Belait nwere ikeume ise /i, u, e, o, a/.  E nwere otu diphthong /iə/.

A na-ahụ ụdaume  dị ka  na nkeji okwu ndị na-abụghị nke ikpeazụ, yana dị ka  na  na nkejiokwu ikpeazụ.

### Ọdịdị nke ụdaume
Mgbọrọgwụ okwu bụ disyllabic.  ederede okwu ikpeazụ bụ (C) V ((C) C).  Ndị na-azụ nke ikpeazụ bụ ((C) C) V (C). 

## Asụsụ

### Klas okwu
Ụdị okwu ndị bụ isi na Belait bụ ngwaa na aha.  Enwere ike nrọ dị na klas abụọ ahụ site na nkesa ha, ụdị ha na ọrụ ha.  nkọwa, a na-eji ụdị (e) (e)ndeh na aha na ụdị ka na-agbagha ngwaa:
  
E nwekwara ọtụtụ klas na-arụ ọrụ mechiri emechi: 

* Aha nnọchiaha
* Okwu mbido
* Ndị na-ekewa ihe
* Ọnụ ọgụgụ
* Ụdị na ọdịdị
* Deictics (gụnyere ngosipụta) 

### Ọdịdị nke ahịrịokwu
Belait bụ onye isi anụ.  Nke a dị na aha isi na-ebute ndị nwe na ndị ọzọ na-agbanwe.  Ha na-ebute okwu ndị isi.[1]  Purọ iko nwere okwu na isiokwu.  ndepụta ahụ nwere ikike ma ọ bụ buru ụzọ kwuo okwu ahụ.  N'ihi ya, usoro okwu na- agbanwe agbanwe.
  
Ihe ndị a na-akọwapụta nwere ike ịbụ Verb Phrases (VP), Noun Phrases, ma ọ bụ Prepositional Phrase (PP). Arụmụka ndị na-abụghị isiokwu nke okwu okwu na-apụta ozugbo ngwaa gasịrị.

#### Okwu ndị e ji ekwu okwu
Isi Okwu bụ ngwaa.  E nwere ụdị ngwaa abụọ dị na Belait: intransitive na transitive.  Ngwaa ndị na-adịghị agafe agafe nwere ikike otu isiokwu.  Ha aṅụ olu olu ọlụ na ngwaa.  N'ụzọ dị iche, ngwaa na-agafe agafe na-ndị na olu dị iche iche: Actor Voice (AV) na Undergoer Voice (UV).  A na-egosi ihe owuwu abụọ ahụ n'okpuru ebe a: 
AV: olu onye na-eme ihe nkiri UV: olu onye ga-agafe
 (5)
idih

ndị mmadụ

unnah

tupu

Kọnọntaktị

AV.eat

Ihe omuma ihe omuma

icheku ọkụ
idih unnahuman salang

ndị mmadụ tupu AV.eat charcoal

'Ndị mmadụ tupu [ndị nna nna mbụ nke Belait] rie icheku ọkụ' 
N'ime ihe owuwu AV na (5) isiokwu bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri, ya bụ  'ndị mmadụ tupu'. N'ime ihe owuwu UV na (6) isiokwu dị na Undergoer, ya bụ  'durian'. N'ọnọdụ abụọ ahụ, isiokwu ahụ na-abịa n'ihu predicate. Olu onye na-agafe na-enwekarị okwu zuru oke. A na-ejikarị olu onye na-eme ihe nkiri eme ihe n'ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ.

## Ihe odide

Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations
Asụsụ Arunachal

**Asụsụ Arunachal** bụ asụsụ dị iche iche na Arunachal Pradesh, India nke a na-ekewa dị ka asụsụ Sino-Tibet, mana nke ahụ nwere ike ịbụ asụsụ dịpụrụ adịpụ na ezinụlọ ndị nwere onwe ha dị ka ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta si kwuo. Blench (2011) tụrụ aro kewapụrụ asụsụ anọ ( Hruso, Miji, Miju, na Puroik ) na ezinụlọ atọ nọọrọ onwe ha ( Mishmic, Kamengic, na Siangic ).  Otú ọ dị, nke a na-arụrịta ụka site na Anderson (2014)  na ndị ọzọ, bụ ndị na-ewere ha dị ka alaka ndị mbụ nke Sino-Tibet kama ịbụ ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ ma ọ bụ asụsụ phyla nke onwe.

## Ezinụlọ Arunachal
 

## Hụkwa

* Asụsụ mishmi
* Asụsụ Songlin

## Ntụaka
n'ezie, mana ndị agbata obi Taraon, Kaman, Idu, na ndị Tibet na-ezo aka n'aha dị iche iche.
Asụsụ Pa-Hng

**Pa-Hng** (a sụgharịkwara **Pa-Hung** ;Bāhēng yǔ ) bụ asụsụ Hmongic (Miao) dị iche iche a na-asụ na Guizhou, Guangxi, na Hunan dị na ndịda China yana ugwu Vietnam .

## Nhazi
Achọpụtala Pa-Hng dị ka ihe dị iche. Benedict (1986) rụrụ ụka na otu n'ime olumba ya bụ ngalaba dị iche iche nke ezinụlọ Miao–Yao. Ratliff chọpụtara na ọ bụ asụsụ Hmongic (Miao) kacha dị iche nke ọ nyochara.  Alaka Bahengic a tinyekwara Younuo (Yuno) na Wunai (Hm Nai). 

## Aha
A na-akpọ ndị ọkà okwu Pa-Hng site na aha ndị a: 

* **' (巴哼)
* **' (Ụ)
* Red Yao (红瑶)
* Flowery Yao (花瑶)
* Aha nna asatọ Yao (八姓瑶)

Na Liping County, Guizhou, ndị Dong na-akpọ Pa-Hng **' (嘎优), ebe ndị Miao na-akpọ ha **' (大达优).  Na mpaghara Tongdao, Hunan, ndị Pa-Hng ( **' ) a makwaara dị ka aha nnabata asaa Yao 七姓瑶, ebe ha nwere aha nna asaa nke Shen 沈, Lan 兰, Dai 戴, Deng 邓, Ding 丁, Pu 蒲, na Feng 奉. 

Na China, a na-ekewa ndị na-asụ Pa-Hng dị ka Yao, n'agbanyeghị na asụsụ ha bụ Hmongic kama ịbụ Mienic.

== Ụdị dị iche iche ==
Mao & Li (1997) kewara Pa-Hng n'ime ngalaba ndị a, yana Hm Nai nwere njikọ chiri anya:

* **Pa-Hng kwesịrị ekwesị** (巴哼**' )
** **Northern**
** **Ndịda**
* **[[Asụsụ Hm Nai|Hm Nai]]** (唔奈** )

Enwere ike ịchọta ndepụta okwu okwu maka ụdị Pa-Hng atọ a na Mao & Li (1997). A na-achọta olumba ọzọ na Vietnam.

* *Northern Pa-Hng* : Gundong 滚董, Liping County黎平, Guizhou
* *Southern Pa-Hng* : Wenjie 文界, Sanjiang County三江, Guangxi
* *Hm Nai* : Huxingshan 虎形山, Longhui County隆回, Hunan

## Ntụaka
arụ ụka na myirịta nke myirịta dị n'etiti Kaman na Zakhring bụ ịgbazinye ego, nanarị ise. A na-asụ ya n'ime obodo

## Njikọ mpụga

*  (olumba 6 atụnyere ya)
* ABVD: Pa-Hng (Gundong) ndepụta okwu
* Hm Nai nke Longhui County, Hunan
* Yao nke obodo Malin, Xinning County, Hunan
* https://web.archive.org/web/20131202224052/http://cema.gov.vn/modules.php?name=Content&op=details&mid=524
Asụsụ Kiong Nai

**Kiong Nai** (ma ọ bụ **Jionngai**, Chinese    ) bụ asụsụ Hmongic (Miao) dị iche iche a na-asụ na mpaghara Jinxiu, Guangxi, China . A na-akpọ aha ndị na-ekwu okwu onwe ha  ma ọ bụ  ; **' putara 'ugwu', ebe **' pụtara 'mmadụ'.  Mao & Li (2002) kwenyere na ọ bụ ihe jikọrọ ya na She .

## Olumba
Mao & Li (2002) kewara Jionngai n'asụsụ abụọ bụ isi.

* **Longhua (龙华)**, nke a na-asụ na Longhua (龙华村) nke obodo Changdong (长垌乡)
* **Liuxiang (六巷)**, nke a na-asụ na obodo Liuxiang (六巷乡)

A na-asụ Jionngai n'ime obodo ndị a n'ime obodo atọ nke Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County, Guangxi. 

* Obodo Liuxiang (六巷乡): Liuxiang (六巷), Mengtou (门头), Dadeng (大凳), Huangsang (黄桑), Xincun (新村), na Gupu (古蒲)
* Obodo Changdong (长垌乡): Longhua (龙华), Nanzhou (南州), na Dajing (大进)
* Obodo Luoxiang (罗香乡): Zhanger (丈二), Liutuan (六团), na Luodan (罗丹)

## Ntụaka
narị ise. A na-asụ ya n'ime obodo

## Isi mmalite
 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Longhua na Liuxiang Jionngai lexicon bụ isi na Global Lexicostatistical Database
Asụsụ Guiqiong

Q

**Guiqiong** (autonym: ** ; simplified Chinese       ) bụ asụsụ Qiangic nke Sichuan, China.  Enwere ọdịiche dị na phonology nke olumba, ma nkwurịta okwu ga-ekwe omume. Ụdị abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ nwere obere nghọta na ndị ọzọ. 

O nwere ike ịbụ otu asụsụ dị ka *Sötati-pö* na mbipụta mbụ nke *Ethnologue* . 

Sun (1991) akwụkwọ Guiqiong nke Maiben Township 麦本乡, Yutong District 鱼通区, Kangding County康定县, Sichuan (Sun 1991:227).

E kewara asụsụ Qiangic ka ọ bụrụ ụyọkọ asụsụ abụọ. A na-ekewa Guiqiong ka ọ bụrụ ụyọkọ Qiangic akọwapụtara na usoro okwu ya. Ụyọkọ asụsụ Qiangic a gụnyekwara Zhaba, Queya, Ersu, Shixing, na Namuzi. 

N'èzí obodo ha, ndị ọkà okwu na-eji asụsụ Chinese na-ekwurịta okwu. Asụsụ Chinese na-emetụta Guiqiong nke ukwuu, ebe ọ nwere ọtụtụ okwu mbinye. 

Asụsụ Guiqiong na-eji ụda anọ na enweghị edemede ederede.  N'agbanyeghị na Guiqiong enweghị edemede ederede, ọ nweela nke ọma ịgafe site n'ọgbọ ruo n'ọnụ ọnụ. 

Asụsụ enweghị ọnụnọ na mgbasa ozi taa. 

## ozi izugbe

### Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ọkà okwu
Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-asụ asụsụ a ogologo oge bụ naanị atụmatụ. Ọ siri ike ịnye ọnụ ọgụgụ ziri ezi nke mmadụ ole dị n'ihi na kemgbe e hiwere Republic of China, gọọmentị ewerela ndị Guigiong dị ka akụkụ nke obere Tibet. N'ihi nke a, ọnụ ọgụgụ mba enweghị ike ịnye ọnụ ọgụgụ gọọmentị nke ndị Guiqiong. 

## Udaume
Guiqiong na-amata njirimara ụdaume asatọ dị iche iche. 

A na-ejikwa imi imi na diphthong akọwapụta okwu. 

## Hụkwa

*  (Wiktionary)

## Ntụaka
arụ ụka na myirịta nke myirịta dị n'etiti Kaman na Zakhring bụ ịgbazinye ego, nanarị ise. A na-asụ ya n'ime obodo

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* Sun Hongkai et al. 1991. *Zangmianyu yuyin he cihui 藏缅语音和词汇 [Tibeto-Burman phonology and lexicon]* . Chinese Social Sciences Press.
* Ju Namkung. 1996. Ndepụta ụda olu nke asụsụ Tibeto-Burman. (STEDT Monograph Series, 3.) Na Ju Namkung (ed.) Berkeley: Center for Southeast Asia Studies. xxvii+507pp.
* Lee, Jiang. 2015. A Grammar nke Guìqióng: Asụsụ Sichuan. (Asụsụ nke Mpaghara Himalaya Ukwu, 5/15.) Leiden: Brill. xii+452pp.
* Lee, Jiang. 2014. A Grammar nke Guìqióng. Mahadum Bern. 341p. (Nka mmụta doctoral).
* Anyanwụ, Hongkai. 1985. Liujiang liuyu de minzu yuyan ji qi xishu fen lei. Minzu Xuebao 3. 98-274.
* Anyanwụ, Hongkai. 1990. Asụsụ nke ụzọ agbụrụ agbụrụ na Western Sichuan. Ọmụmụ asụsụ nke mpaghara Tibeto-Burman 13. 1-31.
* Abụ, Lingli [宋伶俐]. 2011. *Ọmụmụ nke Guiqiong* [贵琼语研究]. Beijing: Ụlọ mbipụta nke agbụrụ [民族出版社]. ISBN&nbsp;

## Njikọ mpụga

* Guiqiong na oru ngo asusu di egwu
* Akwụkwọ akụkọ China na ndị Guiqiong
Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations
Asụsụ Lashi

**Lashi** ( Burmese  , endonym *Lacid* ) bụ asụsụ Burmish . Ọ bụ ezie na ndị na-eme nchọpụta Western na-ejikarị endonym Lashi eme ihe, ndị mmadụ na-akpọ onwe ha na asụsụ ha dị ka Lacid.  Ọ bụ dị ka Nishi na ngalaba Maruic si kwuo, nke na-echekwa mkpụrụ edemede mbụ nke Proto-Burmish na gburugburu phonotactic kacha. 

## Nkesa
Enwere akụkọ na-emegiderịta onwe ya gbasara ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Lashi. Akụkọ sitere na 30,000 ruo 60,000.  Na China, a na-ekesa ndị ọkà okwu Lashi (Leqi) na Mangshi City (nke bụbu Luxi County), Ruili City, Longchuan County, na Yingjiang County nke ọdịda anyanwụ Yunnan Province (Dai 2007: 5). Mangshi nwere ọtụtụ ndị na-asụ Lashi, ndị a na-ekesa n'ime obodo ndị a.

* Manghai (မန်ဟိုင်, 芒海镇)
* Zhongshan (ကျုင်းရှန်မြို့, 中山乡)
* Dongshan (သုင်ရှန်မြို့, 东山乡)
* Santai (ဆန်ထိုင်မြို့, 三台乡, in Gonglin ကုင်လင် 拱岭寨 na Manggang မန်ကန်芒岗寨 obodo

A na-asụkwa Lashi (လရှီ) na ọwụwa anyanwụ Shan State, Burma . A na-asụ Lashi na mbụ na mpaghara mgbada nke ndagwurugwu osimiri Ngochang Hka, nke dị n'akụkụ osimiri N'Mai Hka, ebe a na-asụbu Ngochang na mpaghara mgbago nke ndagwurugwu osimiri Ngochang Hka. 

Asụsụ Chashan, nke nwere njikọ chiri anya na Lashi, na-asụ n'obodo Pianma dị nso (片马镇), Lushui County .

## Ntụaka
narị ise. A na-asụ ya n'ime obodo osimiri Ngochang Hka, nke dị n'akụkụ

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ
Asụsụ Dimasa

Ọtụtụ n'ime obodo na obodo ndị dị mkpa dị na Assam na Nagaland natara aha ha site na okwu Dimasa dị ka Diphu, Dimapur (isi obodo nke Alaeze Dimasa ), Hojai, Khaspur, wdg N'ezie, asụsụ Dimasa bụ otu n'ime asụsụ ikpeazụ nke North East India na-ejigide okwu mbụ ya n'emeghị ka asụsụ mba ọzọ ghara imebi ya. [ 2 ]

## Etymology
Okwu *Dimasa* na-asụgharị n'ụzọ doro anya ka ọ bụrụ "Nwa (s) [ *sa* ] nke nnukwu osimiri [ *dima* ]", ya bụ Brahmaputra dị ike. Okwu Dimasa *di*, nke pụtara mmiri, bụ mgbọrọgwụ nke aha ọtụtụ n'ime osimiri ndị bụ isi nke Assam na nke North East India n'ozuzu, dị ka *Dibang* (ọtụtụ mmiri), *Diyung* (oke osimiri), *Dikrang* (osimiri green), *Dikhow* (mmiri ewepụtara), na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. A maara Brahmaputra dị ka *Dilao* (osimiri ogologo) n'etiti Dimasas ọbụna ugbu a.

## Nkesa ala
A na-asụ Dimasa na:

* Assam : Dima Hasao district (nke bụbu North Cachar Hills district), Cachar district, Karbi Anglong district, West Karbi Anglong district, Nagaon district, Hojai district (nke bụbu akụkụ nke Nagaon district)
* Nagaland
* Meghalaya
* Mizoram

## fonology
 

### Udaume
Enwere ụdaume isii n'asụsụ Dimasa.

* Udaume niile nwere ike pụta n'ọnọdụ atọ niile, ewezuga /  / nke na-eme naanị medially.

### Diphthong

### Consonants
Enwere consonants iri na isii n'asụsụ Dimasa.

* Nkwụsị atọ na-enweghị olu, /  /, na-untọhapụ na syllable ọnọdụ ikpeazụ. A tọhapụrụ ndị ogbo ha enweghị mmasị na ha enweghị ike ime ọnọdụ ikpeazụ.
* Mgbe ụfọdụ /  A na-akpọ /  / n'otu n'otu.
* Consonants /  / nwere ike ime n'ọnọdụ niile.
* Consonants /  / enweghị ike ime na okwu ụmụ amaala Dimasa, mana ọ nwere ike ime na okwu mbinye ego.
* Consonants /  / enweghị ike ịpụta na okwu ikpeazụ na Dimasa.
* Consonants /  / enweghị ike ịpụta na ọnọdụ mbido okwu.

## Ụtọ asụsụ
Dimasa dị ka Diphu, Dimapur (isi obodo nke Alaeze Dimasa ), Hojai, Khaspur, wdg N'ezie, asụsụ
Dimasa bụ asụsụ ntụgharị uche. A na-atụgharị ngwaa ndị a maka ọnụọgụgụ, ogologo oge, ikpe, olu, akụkụ, ọnọdụ mana ọ bụghị maka okike na mmadụ.

### Nkpọaha

### Okwu syntax
A naghị emetụta ngwaa ahụ maka mmadụ na okike.

Usoro isiokwu-ihe-ngwaa na-emekarị; Usoro ihe-ngwaa-isiokwu na-emekwa.

## Usoro edemede
Edere Dimasa site na iji script Latin, nke ewebatala na usoro agụmakwụkwọ praịmarị dị ala na Dima Hasao District. Isi ihe na-eduzi ya bụ Dimasa Lairidim Hosom, otu nnukwu akwụkwọ edemede nke obodo Dimasa. 

A na-eji ihe odide Bengali-Assamese eme ihe na Cachar, ebe ndị Bengali bi n'akụkụ Dimasas. 

## Hụkwa

* Ndị Dimasa
* Dimaraji
* Dima Hasao
* Busu Dima
* Asụsụ Kachari

## Ihe ndetu
 osimiri Ngochang Hka, nke dị n'akụkụosimiri Ngochang Hka, nke dị n'akụkụ Dimasa dị ka Diphu, Dimapur (isi obodo nke Alaeze Dimasa ), Hojai, Khaspur, wdg N'ezie, asụsụDimasa dị ka Diphu, Dimapur (isi obodo nke Alaeze Dimasa ), Hojai, Khaspur, wdg N'ezie, asụsụ

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Nchịkọta akụrụngwa asụsụ Dimasa akwụkwọ asụsụ Dimasa n'ime ebe nchekwa ihe akụrụngwa maka asụsụ South Asia (CoRSAL)
Asụsụ Harbin

**Olumba Harbin** ( simplified Chinese      ) bụ asụsụ Mandarin dị iche iche a na-asụ na obodo Harbin, isi obodo Heilongjiang .

## Njirimara
Olumba Harbin dị nso na asụsụ Standard Mandarin na ụda olu, mana olumba n'onwe ya na-eburu ya nkọwa omenala na mpaghara siri ike. Otú ọ dị, a ka na-ewere olumba Harbin dị ka nke kasị zie ezie ma e jiri ya tụnyere asụsụ Standard Mandarin .

## Okwu okwu
Okwu olumba Harbin dị iche na Standard Mandarin n'ihi ihe abụọ. Otu n'ime isi mmalite nke njiri mara okwu dị iche iche nke olumba Harbin bụ mmetụta ndị Rọshịa na-achị n'ógbè ahụ. Oge ọchịchị ndị Russia malitere n'afọ ndị 1900, bụ nke gosipụtara mmalite nke nbata nke nnukwu okwu ndị Russia, karịsịa neologisms kere na Europe na Russia nke na-adịtụbeghị na Mandarin. Ebe nke abụọ na-esi akọwa ọdịiche dị n'okwu bụ mmetụta mmekọrịta asụsụ dị n'etiti asụsụ Mandarin obodo na asụsụ Manchu .

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
*
Asụsụ Shaoxing

**Olumba Shaoxing** ( simplified Chinese      ) bụ asụsụ Wu a na-asụ n'obodo Shaoxing karia n'etiti obodo Yuecheng na mpaghara ya. Ọ bụ olumba Wu na-anọchi anya ya nwere ọdịiche dị n'akụkụ atọ na mkpịrịsị nkwụsị a na-ekwupụta yana akwụkwọ ndekọ aha kewara na nke ọ bụla n'ime ụdị anọ nke Middle Chinese na-ekewa n'ime ndekọ elu na nke nta. N'ime Wu, a na-ekewa ya dị ka olumba Northern Wu nke mpaghara Taihu bụ nke e debere ya n'okpuru mpaghara Linshao (臨紹小片/临绍小片).

Ọ bụ ịkpọ olumba Shaoxing bụ ọkọlọtọ a ga-eji na ederede Yue opera . Ọ bụkwa asụsụ obodo Cai Yuanpei na Lu Xun nke Baihua na-ejikarị mkpụrụokwu sitere n'olumba obodo ya jupụta.

## Nkesa
Mpaghara ime obodo dị n'ebe ugwu na ọwụwa anyanwụ gbagoro site na Dongpu (东浦) ruo Doumen (斗门) na ugwu Pingshui (平水) na mpaghara ndịda ime obodo bụ otu ihe ahụ dị na etiti obodo. N'èzí mpaghara ndị a, ndị mmadụ ka nwere ike na-asụ "olumba Shaoxing," mana enwere ọdịiche pụtara ìhè n'etiti ụdị okwu ndị a na nke obodo obodo Shaoxing. 

## Nnyocha n'ime olumba Shaoxing
Olumba Shaoxing enwetala nlebara anya buru ibu na-enweghị atụ. Nnyocha e dekọrọ maka olumba dị kemgbe oge Kangxi na usoro ndị eze Qing, mgbe e nwere isi ọrụ atọ na-emeso olumba Shaoxing.

* 越语肯綮录 nke Mao Qiling (毛奇龄)
* 越言释 nke Ru Dunhe (茹敦和)
* 越谚 nke Fan Yin (范寅)

N'oge a, Chao Yuen Ren dekọtara mpaghara anọ na Shaoxing na *nyocha Wu Modern* (现代吴语研究). E wezụga Chao, olumba Shaoxing enwetawo nlebara anya kachasị site n'aka ọkà mmụta olumba nke China Wang Futang (王福堂) onye *Shaoxinghua jiyin* (绍兴话记音) 1959 bụ akwụkwọ mbụ zuru oke n'oge ọgbara ọhụrụ raara onwe ya nye n'olumba. Yang Wei (杨葳) na Yang Jun (杨浚) achịkọtala mkpụrụokwu dị nkenke, fonology na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndepụta okwu ibe 300 nke olumba ahụ na *Shaoxing Fangyan* (绍兴方言). Enwekwara otu mkpụrụokwu asụsụ bekee *The phonology of Shaoxing Chinese* nke Zhang Jisheng dere na obere ọrụ ndị ọzọ na Chinese.

A na-akpọkwa olumba Shaoxing *na Zhejiang Fangyan Fenqu* (浙江方言分区), *Zhejiang Fangyanci* (浙江方言词), na *Shaoxingshi yanyu juan* (绍兴市谚语卷). Dị ka ọ dị n'ọtụtụ ebe na China, Shaoxing na-ekpuchikwa ya na *Atlas Linguistic of Chinese Dialects* .

## Ndepụta ụda olu

### Mmalite

### Agba ikpeazụ

## Ntụaka

### Nkọwapụta
n'ógbè ahụ. Oge ọchịchị ndị Russia malitere n'afọ ndị 1900, bụ nke gosipụtara mmalite nken'ógbè ahụ. Oge ọchịchị ndị Russia malitere n'afọ ndị 1900, bụ nke gosipụtara mmalite nken'ógbè ahụ. Oge ọchịchị ndị Russia malitere n'afọ ndị 1900, bụ nke gosipụtara nke

### Akpọrọ ọrụ
Asụsụ Jur

**Luwo** (Luo, *Dheluwo* ), bụ asụsụ ndị Luo nke mpaghara Bahr el Ghazal na South Sudan na-asụ. A na-asụkarị asụsụ a na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ na ugwu Bahr el Ghazal. Ndị Luwo mebere ọtụtụ na mpaghara Jur River.

Asụsụ a bụ akụkụ nke asụsụ Luo nke East Africa yana metụtara asụsụ South Sudan dị ka Ayuak na Päri bụ ndị ha na ha mebere ụyọkọ olumba . 

## Etymology
Ndị Luwo (ma ọ bụ Jur Col) na-asụ asụsụ Luwo, otu agbụrụ dị na South Sudan . Jur bụ exonym sitere n'asụsụ Dinka mpaghara nke ndị na-asụ ya bụ ndị agbata obi Luwo na ugwu na ọwụwa anyanwụ.  Ojiji mbụ nke Dinka, nke na-abụghị nke ehi na-ejide ehi abụghị nke ndị Jur. Jur Col ("black Jur") ka a na-eji taa ewepụ Luwo site na otu Jur ndị ọzọ. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Ọnọdụ
Dhe Luwo bụ asụsụ na-emepe emepe ugbu a. Nke pụtara na asụsụ ahụ na-etolite asụsụ ederede ya, olumba ọkọlọtọ na ime ka ọ dị ọhụrụ. 

## fonology

### Consonants

* /k/ nwere ike na-anụ mgbe ụfọdụ ka [ɣ] na intervocalic ọnọdụ.
* /ŋ/ nwere ike ịnụ mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka [h] n'ọnọdụ intervocalic n'etiti ndị na-asụ olumba ọwụwa anyanwụ.
* Enwere ike ịnụ /r/ dị ka mgbata [ɾ] n'ọnọdụ ikpeazụ.
* Ụda niile na-ada ụda ma e wezụga nkwusị ụda olu /b, d̪, d, ɟ, ɡ/ na glides abụọ / w, j/ nwere ike ime dị ka ekpochapụ [Cː].
* Labialization [Cʷ] nwere ike ime n'etiti consonants niile ma e wezụga /d̪, ɟ, n̪, n, r, w, j/.
* Ọkpụkpụ [Cʲ] nwere ike ime n'etiti consonants /t, c, d̪, ɡ, m, l/. 

### Udaume

## Akpaokwu atụ

## Ntụaka
Ju asụsụ

**Ju** bụ asụsụ sitere na ngalaba ọdịda anyanwụ Chadi nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Chadic .   A na-asụ asụsụ a naanị na Nigeria, ma nwee ihe dị ka ndị na-asụ obodo 900 na 1993. Edeghị asụsụ ahụ.

## Nhazi
Ju bụ akụkụ nke Guruntum (Gurdung dị ka ọrụ Roger Blench ) nke otu asụsụ South Bauchi si dị, ma yitere asụsụ Guruntum, Tala na Zangwal . 

## Ozi izugbe
A na-asụ asụsụ Ju n'obodo nta nke otu aha ahụ bụ Ju, nke dị na ndịda Bauchi . Obodo a dị n'okpuru ọchịchị Bauchi na steeti Bauchi . 

Ju na-ekekọrịta oke asụsụ na asụsụ ndị ọzọ West Chadic ; Zangwal n’ebe ugwu, Tala n’ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ, ụyọkọ asụsụ Polchi n’ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, na asụsụ Kir-Balar n’ebe ndịda. N'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, Ju nwere oke n'ókè sprachbund nke asụsụ Dulbu . 

Ozi gbasara ọnụọgụ ndị na-asụ asụsụ Ju dị iche iche: na 1971, Ju nwere ihe dịka ndị na-ekwu okwu 150,  na *Ethnologue* tụrụ 900 na 1993. Otú ọ dị, Joshua Project, akọwo na a na-eji Ju eme ihe nanị n'etiti ndị agadi, ebe ndị ntorobịa na-atụgharị na Hausa . &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Retrieved 2016-11-30.
*
Asụsụ ndị dị n'Ebe Ugwu Luo

**Asụsụ Northern Luo** bụ otu obere asụsụ Luo nke a na-asụ na South Sudan na Etiopia . 

## Nhazi
Glottolog kewara Northern Luo ka ndị a: 
 
Dịka Mechthild Reh siri kwuo, a na-ekewa asụsụ Northern Luo dịka ndị a: 
 

## Ntụaka
Asụsụ Lower Burdekin

thumb|250x250px| Osimiri Burdekin na 2005
**Asụsụ Burdekin dị n'okpuru** bụ asụsụ atọ dị iche iche nke ndị Aborigine, ma ọ bụ asụsụ ọzọ nke otu asụsụ,  a na-asụ n'akụkụ ọnụ Osimiri Burdekin dị na ugwu Queensland . Ewekọtara otu ndepụta okwu dị mkpirikpi na nke ọ bụla na narị afọ nke 19, ma bipụta ya na mpịakọta nke abụọ nke *The Australian Race* na 1886. Asụsụ ndị a apụọla n'iyi, na-enweghị ndekọ ọzọ. N'ihi ụkọ data dịnụ, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọ bụla n'ime usoro nhazi asụsụ ha amataghị.

Asụsụ O'Connor na-aga n'aha **Yuru**, ọ pụkwara ịbụ Dyirbalic ;  ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịbụ Maric . Otú ọ dị, Breen nyochara abụọ n'ime ndepụta ndị ahụ wee kwubie na ha bụ asụsụ dị iche iche, ọ bụghị Maric.  O chere na otu n'ime ha bụ Bindal . 

## Ndepụta okwu

## Ntụaka
iche a kọwara ebe a bụ ụdị dị iche iche a na-amụ nke a na-asụ na Paksong District, Champasak na
Asụsụ Mewahang

**Mewahang** (Meohang), ma ọ bụ **Newahang**, bụ asụsụ Kiranti a na-asụ na Nepal . Olumba olu ọwụwa anyanwụ na ọdịda anyanwụ dị iche n'ụdị.

## Nkesa na olumba
A na-asụ **Western Mewahang** na ndagwurugwu Arun nke dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Osimiri Arun dị na Sankhuwasabha District, Koshi Province, n'ime obodo Bala, Yamdang, Tamku, na Sisuwa ( *Ethnologue* ).

* A na-asụ olumba *Bala* na obodo Bala, Sankhuwasabha VDC.
* A na-asụ olumba *Bumdemba* na Sishuwakhola VDC.

**Eastern Mewahang** na-asụ na Mangtewa, Yaphu, na Choyang VDC nke Sankhuwasabha District, Koshi Province ( *Ethnologue* ). A na-asụ ya na ndagwurugwu Arun nke dị n'elu n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke osimiri Arun .

* A na-asụ olumba *Sunsari* Bhaludhunga na Bishnupaduka VDC nke mpaghara Sunsari .
* A na-asụ olumba *Dibum (Dibung)* na Mangtewa VDC
* A na-asụ olumba *Mulgaon-Wangtang* na Yaphu VDC.

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* Gerber, Pascal; Selin Grollmann (2020). *[https://www.academia.edu/44233036/A_field_report_on_Sam_Rai_Kiranti_ Akụkọ gbasara mpaghara Sam Rai (Kiranti)]* . ICSTLL 53.
* Bickel, Balthasar/Martin Gaenszle (2015). 'Ihe onye mbụ, ihe mgbochi, na akụkọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Southern Kirant'. Na: *Journal of South Asia Languages and Linguistics* 2.1. 63–86.
* van Driem, George (2001). *Asụsụ nke Himalaya* . Akwụkwọ ntuziaka Ethnolinguistic nke Greater Himalayan Region. 2 mpịakọta. Leiden/Boston/Köln: Brill.
* Gaenszle, Martin (2000). *Mmalite na Mbugharị.* *Ezinụlọ, akụkọ ifo na njirimara agbụrụ n'etiti Mewahang Rai nke East Nepal* . Kathmandu: Akwụkwọ Mandala.
* Hanßon, Gerd (1991). *Rai nke Eastern Nepal: agbụrụ agbụrụ na asụsụ.* *Nchọpụta nke nyocha asụsụ nke Nepal* . Kirtipur: Nnyocha asụsụ nke Nepal/Centre maka Ọmụmụ Nepal/Asia, Mahadum Tribhuvan.

## Ntụaka
Asụsụ Desia

**Desia**,  nakwa **Desiya**, **Kotia**,  **Adivasi Odia **, **Desia Odia** ma ọ bụ **Koraputia**  ma ọ bụ **Southwwest Odia**, bụ asụsụ Indo-Aryan dị iche iche ( asụsụ dị iche iche a na-ewere dị ka olumba nke Odia ) nke a na-asụ na Koraput, Nabarangpur, na Rayagada district nke Hishanam . na mpaghara Vizianagaram nke Andhra Pradesh .  Ụdị dị iche iche a na-asụ na Koraput ka a na-akpọ *Koraputia* . 

Desia na-eje ozi dị ka asụsụ asụsụ n'etiti agbụrụ dị iche iche na mpaghara  ma bụrụ isi okwu ebo na-abụghị ebo nke mpaghara Koraput na-ekewaghị ekewa nke mpaghara Southwwest Odisha.     

## fonology
Ụdị Desia dị iche iche nwere fọnịm consonant 21, fọnịm udaume 2 na ụdaume 6. 

Enweghị ụdaume ogologo na Desia dị ka Standard Odia.

Desia na-egosi mfu nke consonant retroflex dị ka mpụtara retroflex mpụta gburugburu [ ɭ ] (  ) nke dị na Standard Odia, na obere ojiji nke retroflex unaspirated nasal ( voiced retroflex nasal ) ɳ (  ). 

## Ntụaka

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

*
Asụsụ Bagheli

**Bagheli** ( Devanagari : बघेली) ma ọ bụ **Baghelkhandi** bụ Central Indo-Aryan asụsụ a na-asụ na mpaghara Baghelkhand nke etiti India .

## Nhazi
Asụsụ nke ndị otu mpaghara Hindi Eastern Eastern, Bagheli bụ otu n'ime asụsụ akpọpụtara dị ka ' olumba nke Hindi ' site na mkpesa ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị India nke 2011. Bagheli bụ asụsụ mpaghara ejiri maka nzikọrịta ozi n'ime otu na otu.

George Abraham Grierson na *nyocha asụsụ ya nke India*  nkewapụtara Bagheli n'okpuru Hindi Eastern . Nnukwu nyocha nke ọkachamara mpaghara Dr.Bhagawati Prasad Shukla mere dabara na nhazi ọkwa Grierson. Ethnologue na-akpọ Godwani, Kumhari na Rewa dịka olumba Bagheli. Dị ka Shukla si kwuo, asụsụ Bagheli nwere ụdị atọ:

# Bagheli dị ọcha
# Western-Mixed Bagheli
# Ndịda-Broken Bagheli

Dị ka ọtụtụ asụsụ Indo-Aryan ndị ọzọ, ọ na-abụkarị n'okpuru aha na-ezighi ezi, aka ike, ma ọ bụ nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-akpali ya dị ka olumba, kama ịbụ asụsụ . Ọzọkwa, dị ka ọ dị n'asụsụ Hindi ndị ọzọ, ndị na-asụ Bagheli enweela ndị nke Standard Hindi n'ọnụ ọgụgụ.

## Nkesa ala
A na-asụkarị Bagheli na Mauganj, Rewa, Satna, Sidhi, Singrauli, Shahdol, Umaria, Anuppur, Katni district nke Madhya Pradesh na n'akụkụ ụfọdụ Mirzapur, Sonbhadra, Prayagraj na Chitrakoot nke Uttar Pradesh yana Madhyakunthpurde . &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Omenala ama ama
Ndị Pao, ebo a haziri nke a makwaara dị ka Pabra, na-asụ Bagheli dị ka asụsụ mbụ ha. *Ethnologue* kwuru n'ụzọ hiere ụzọ na asụsụ ha bụ Tibeto-Burman, ikekwe n'ihi mgbagwoju anya na asụsụ Pao nke Burma. 

Enwere ọtụtụ mmemme redio na TV na Bagheli. Radio India niile na-agbasa abụ Bagheli na mmemme ọrụ ugbo sitere na Shahdol, Rewa na Bhopal . Ọzọkwa, ọmụmụ gbasara akwụkwọ Bagheli dị ka a ga-amụ na Mahadum Awadhesh Pratap Singh, Rewa .
thumb| Devi Bhajan n'asụsụ Bagheli

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* Pathak, RS *Igwe okwu Bagheli: Ọmụmụ ụda olu na ụda olu nke Hindi* . New Delhi: National Pub. Ụlọ, 1980.
* Shukla, Hira Lal. *Nkesa dị iche iche nke ekwentị Bagheli* . Raipur: MP, Alok Prakashan, 1969.
* Shukla, Bhagvati Prasad. 1972. Bagheli Bhasha aur sahithya (Hindi). Allahabad: Sahitya Bhavan Pvt. Ltd
* Koshy, Binoy; Tutum Padung na GB Amar. 2004. Ọmụmụ asụsụ Sociolinguistic nke ndị na-asụ Bagheli na Madhya Pradesh. Nchọpụta NLCI ebipụtaghị ya

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga
Asụsụ Adhola

**Adhola**, makwaara dị ka *Jopadhola* na *Ludama*, bụ olumba nke Southern Luo nke ndị Adhola na-asụ (aka *Jopadhola* ma ọ bụ *Badama* ) nke Uganda .  Dhopadhola na Acholi, Kumam, Lango na Alur nke Uganda na Dholuo nke Kenya nwere nghọta .

Prefix *dho* pụtara "asụsụ nke". Enwere ike ijikọ ya na obodo ma ọ bụ obodo na-ekwu okwu iji gosi asụsụ ndị dị otú ahụ. *jo* pụtara "ndị mmadụ". The infix *pa* pụtara nwe 'nke'.

*Dhopadhola* pụtara asụsụ a na-asụ na Padhola. *Padhola* bụ mpaghara ma ọ bụ mpaghara a na-asụ Dhopadhola. *Jopadhola* bụ otutu *Japadhola* ; onye na-asụ Dhopadhola. N'ihi ya, *Jopadhola* bụ ndị na-asụ Dhopadhola.

Dị ka ọmụmaatụ *Jafwonji* pụtara onye nkuzi. *Jofwonji* pụtara ndị nkuzi. *Jawer* pụtara onye na-agụ egwú. *Jower* pụtara ndị na-abụ abụ. *Janywol* pụtara nne na nna. *Jonywol* pụtara nne na nna. *Japach* pụtara onye ọkwá nkà. *Jopach* pụtara ndị ọkwá nkà.

## Ntụaka
bụ obodo na-ekwu okwu iji gosi asụsụ ndị dị otú ahụ
Asụsụ Päri

**Päri**, bụ asụsụ Luo nke South Sudan. Ekwuru na Päri nwere nhazi ihe nlegharị anya,  bụ nke na-adịghị adị n'asụsụ Africa, ọ bụ ezie na nkọwa asụsụ na nso nso a akọwawo usoro ikpe dị ka akara nhọpụta (nominative-absolutive).  

## Ntụaka
bụ obodo na-ekwu okwu iji gosi asụsụ ndị dị otú ahụ

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Asụsụ Kiput

Kiput bụ akara Malayo-Polynesian nke Ndị Kiput na-asụ n'ebe ugwu Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
Ọ bụ ezie na a maara asụsụ Northern Sarawakan n'ozuzu maka mmepe ụda olu pụrụ iche,  Kiput pụtara iche na ndị ọzọ.   [Kedu?]

### Mkpụrụedemede
Kiput nwere monophthongs asatọ /i ɪ e u ʊ o ə a/, opekata mpe iri na abụọ diphthongs /iw ew uj oj əj əw aj aw iə̯ eə̯ uə̯ oə̯/ na triphthongs abuo..

### Mkpụrụ okwu
Asụsụ Narom

Asụsụ Narom (mgbe ụfọdụ a na-asụ Narum) bụ egwuregwu Malayo-Polynesian nke alaka Lower Baram.  Ọ bụ ihe dị ka mmadụ 2,420 [1] Narom na-asụ ya na Sarawak, Malaysia, anyị na Miri Division na mpaghara ndịda nke ọnụ ọgụgụ Baram.  Asụsụ ahụ nwere olumba atọ, Bakong, Daliʼ na Miriʼ.

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Kaipuleohone nwere ihe echekwara nke gụnyere Okwu ndị ikwu Miri na ihe ndị ọzọ e dere ede
* Kaipuleohone echekwara ihe ndekọ ọdịyo Narom na ihe ndekọ nke asụsụ ndị bụ isi na Narom
Asụsụ Penan

Penan, nke a mkpa dị ka Punan-Nibong, bụ edidị anya nke Ndị Penan nke Borneo na-asụ.  Ha nwere njikọ na Asụsụ Kenya.  Glottolog na-egosi Western Penan dị nso na Sebop ntụ ka ọ dị na Eastern Penan.

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga
 

* Ebe ndebe ihe ochie ELAR nke Eastern PenanEbe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Penan
Asụsụ Umaʼ Lasan

Umaʼ Lasan (Ebe Ọdịda dị Kenyah) bụ Asụsụ Kayan nke Borneo.  Uma' Lung bụ ihe a na-ahụ nke ọma na ụdị ndị ọzọ.

## Njikọ mpụga
Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mmụta Mahadum Abubakar Tafawa Balewa

Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mmụta Mahadum Abubakar Tafawa Balewa bụ ụlọ ọgwụ nkuzi gọọmentị etiti nke Naịjirịa nke dị na Bauchi, Bauchi Steeti, Naijiria.Onye isi ụlọ ọrụ ahụike ugbu a bụ Yusuf Bara Jibril . 
__TOC__

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
E guzobere Ụlọ Ọgwụ nkuzi Mahadum Abubakar Tafawa Balewa na 2010. A maara ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ n'oge gara aga dị ka Specialist Hospital, Bauchi . 

## Ọrụ na Ngalaba
ATBUTH na-enye ọtụtụ ọrụ ahụike n'ofe ngalaba dị iche  iche:

* Anaesthesia na ICU
* Ọrịa Ọgwụ
* Ọgwụ Obodo
* Ịwa Ahụ Ezé & Mkpịsị MkpịỊwa Ahụ n'ihu
* Ntị, imi, na akpịrị (ENT) 
* Ọgwụ Ezinụlọ
* Nchịkwa Ozi Ahụike
* Ọbara na Mmịnye ọbara
* Ọrịa Ọrịa Na-egbu Ọrịa
* Ọgwụ nke Ime
* Ọgwụ Microbiology
* Ahụike Ọha na Eze
* Laboratory nke Ọrịa Na-efe efe
* Ọrụ Nọọsụ
* Ọmụmụ nwanyị na Ọmụmụ Ụmụaka
* Ọrịa anya
* Ọgwụ ụmụaka
* Ụlọ ọgwụ
* Ọgwụgwọ ahụike
* Ọrịa Uche
* Radiology
* Ịwa Ahụ
* Mmetụta na Ọkpụkpụ Ọkpụ

## CMD
Onye isi ụlọ ọrụ ahụike ugbu a bụ Yusuf Bara Jibril. 

## Ozi mkpọtụrụ

* **Adreesị**: Hospital Road off Yandoka Rd, Bauchi, Nigeria.
* **E-mail**: pro@atbuth.gov.ng
* **Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ**: ATBUTH Official WebsiteEbe nrụọrụ weebụ ATBUTH

## Edensibia
Asụsụ Mairasi

**Mairasi** ( a.k.a. **Faranyao** na **Kaniran** ) bụ asụsụ Papuan nke Bomberai Peninsula nke West Papua, Indonesia .

Olumba olu ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nwere ike ịbụ asụsụ dị iche.

## Nkesa
Ebe: 

* Kaimana Regency
** Obodo ime obodo: Umbran, Jamna Fata, Matna, Tarwata, Sara, Kasira, Orai, Wangatnau, Faranyau, na Sarifan
** Obodo nta dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri: Sisir, Foroma Jaya, Warasi, Lobo, Lomira, Morona, Nanggwaromi, Omay (May May), na Warika
* Teluk Wondama Regency
** Obodo Naikere District: Sararti, Oya, Yabore, Wosimo, Undurara, na Inyora

## fonology

## Nkpọaha
Nkọwa nke mbụ onye nwe Mairasi bụ: 

## Ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ

### Ihe nrịbama ikpe
Ihe nrịbama nkebiokwu aha na Mairasi:  : 546 

* ngwa ngwa suffix - *t*
* ebe *nbido ar*
* allative postposition *ev(i)* 

### Ntuziaka
Mairasi nwere suffixe ntụzịaka abụọ, nke a na-eji naanị ngwaa mmegharị.  : 549 

* *-a* 'elu, inland'
* *-ari* 'ala, oke osimiri'  

### Animacy
Animcy bụ akara n'okwu *n-n* -, dịka ihe atụpụtara site na ọdịiche dị na nkebiokwu abụọ a na-esote.  : 546 
  
Mgbanwe ụdaume nwere ike gbanwee ọnụ ọgụgụ nke aha ndụ:  : 546 
  

## Ntụaka
ezinụlọ Skou na Lakes Plain, mana ọnweghị ndụmọdụ gbasara njikọ ezinụlọ abụọ ahụ emere n'ihi en, asụsụ Keuw (nke na-edobebeghị ugbu a) nwekwara ike ịkekọrịta mmekọrịta
Asụsụ Kosare

**Kosadle** (Kosare) bụ asụsụ Papuan nke West Papua .

## Ntụaka
Asụsụ

* Wambaliau, Theresia. 2006. *Akụkọ nyocha gbasara asụsụ Kosare na Papua, Indonesia* . Edemede edebeghị. Jayapura: SIL Indonesia. (na Indonesian)

## Njikọ mpụga

* Kosare . Ụwa New Guinea.
Asụsụ Rejang

Rejang (baso Jang, baso Hejang ) bụ Asụsụ Austronesian nke Ndị Rejang na-asụkarị na mpaghara ndịda oriri nke Sumatra (Bengkulu), Indonesia.   E nwere olumba ise, akara site na mpaghara ugwu ruo n'ụdị osimiri nke Bengkulu, egwu olumba Musi (Musai), olumba Lebong, olumba Kebanagung, olumba Rawas (Awes), na olumba Pesir..

## Nchịkọta
O doro anya na Rejang adịghị nso na ndị ọzọ Malayo-Polynesian na Sumatra.  McGinn (2009) kewara ya n'etiti Asụsụ Bidayuh nke Borneo, nke kacha nso na Bukar-Sadong.  Dị ka isi iyi ahụ si kwuo, lashe ndị a na-ekerịta ibuli *a gaa na *ə Okwu-n'ikpeazụ, ma ọ bụ na n'agho okwu ikpeazụ ma e wezụga ndị na-agwụ na-ume velar *k, *ŋ.[1]  O nwere ike ịbụ na ọ nwewe njikọ na aha Nasal a hardware ọhụrụ, mana nke ahụ bụ omume nkɔ n'oge a.[2]  Robert Blust na Alexander Smith kewara Rejang dị ka nke aha Greater North Borneo (2017a, 2017b).  [4][5][6]

## Asụsụ
Rejang nwere olumba ise dị iche iche. Ndị na-asụ asụsụ ọ bụla nwere ike ikwurịta okwu n'etiti onwe ha, n'agbanyeghị ọdịiche dị iche iche na ụdaume. Asụsụ anọ nke Rejangs bụ Curup, Lebong, Kepahiang, na Utara. N'etiti olumba niile, olumba Awes bụ nke kachasị sie ike maka ndị na-asụ olumba ndị ọzọ.   &#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Usoro ide ihe
Edere Rejang na script Rejang ruo ogologo oge.[1]  A na-eche na ihe odide ahụ dịbu tupu e webata Islam n'ógbè ahụ na narị afọ nke 12 OA, ọ bụ ezie na e depụtala akwụkwọ mbụ e depụtara n'ihe dị ka n'etiti narị afọ nke 18.  A na-ede ya na achara, mpi atụ, ogbugbo ma ọ bụ efere ọla kọpa.  Ọ bụ naanị n'oge na-adịbeghị anya ka ewepụtara mkpụrụedemede Latịn dị ka ụzọ e si ede asụsụ ahụ.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụ okwu

A na-ahụkwa trill , mana ọ bụ naanị na okwu ndị a gbazitere.

### Mkpụrụedemede

## Okwu

### Mmekọahụ

### Agba

### Aha nnọchiaha

### Ọnụ ọgụgụ

#### Ebe

## Ihe odide ihe atụ
Ihe na-esonụ bụ ihe atụ ederede na Rejang, nke Nkeji edemede 1 nke Universal Declaration of Human Rights (site na United Nations):

: 

Gloss (okwu-okwu):

: Nkeji edemede 1 - A mụrụ mmadụ niile n'onwe ya, o nwere ikike hà nhata. A na-enye ha ụzọ isi chee echiche na obi; mgbe ahụ, ha kwesịrị ịbụ enyi [nkọwa dị mkpa] na ibe ha n'ụzọ nke nwanne.

: Nkeji edemede 1 - A na-amụ mmadụ niile n'efu ma ha nhata. A na-enye ha ezi uche na akọ na uche ma ha kwesịrị imekọrịta ihe n'ebe ibe ha nọ n'ime mmụọ nke ọbụbụenyi.

## Ihe edeturu

## Akwụkwọ

* 
* 
*  
* 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Richard McGinn, Archive of Materials for the Study of the Rejang of Sumatra. Archived24 Septemba 2015 naỤgbọ Mmiri Wayback
Asụsụ ndị dị n'ebe ugwu Sarawak

Asụsụ North Sarawak bụ otu Asụsụ Austronesian a na-asụrụ n'aṅa egwu egwuregwu nke mpaghara Sarawak, Borneo, ma ire aro na Blust (1991, 2010).

; Asụsụ ndị dị n'ebe ugwu Sarawak

* Kenya
* Asụsụ ndị a na-asụ n'ụbọchị (Apo Duat) 
* Berawan-Lower Baram
* *[[Asụsụ Bintulu|Bintulu]]*

Ethnologue 16 na- elele Punan Tubu dị ka alaka ọzọ, ma kwuo na Bintulu nwere ike ikike nke nso na Baram.  E wepụrụ Asụsụ Melanau-Kajang na Blust 2010.

Asụsụ ndị dị n'ebe ugwu Sarawak bụ ndị a ma ama maka akụkọ ihe mere eme phonological.[1]

## Nchịkọta
Smith (2017)  kewara asụsụ North Sarawakan dị ka ndị a:

* Bintulu
* Berawan-Lower Baram
** Berawan (asụsụ dị iche iche) 
** Lower Baram (Miri, Kiput, Narum, Belait, Lelak, Lemeting, Dali") 
* Dayic
** Kelabit (Bario, Pa" Dalih, Tring, Sa'ban, Long Seridan, Long Napir) 
** Lun Dayeh (Long Bawan, Long Semadoh) 
* Kenya
** Ugwu (Lepo" Gah, Lepo" Tau, Lepo "Sawa, Lepo", Lepo "Laang, Badeng, Lepo"" Jalan, Uma" Baha, Uma" Bem, Òma Lóngh) 
** Ala Dị Ala
*** Ala dị larịị nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ (Uma" Pawe, Uma" Timai, Lebo" Kulit) 
*** Western Lowland (Lebo"Vo", Sebop, Penan (ụdị ọwụwa anyanwụ na ọdịda anyanwụ)) 

## Ihe edeturu n'okpuru ala

## Ihe odide
Tuladha Jejeg

Tuladha Jejeg bụ foto Javanese nke Taco Roorda akwụkwọ na 1838 ma R.S.   Wihananto digitized.[1][2]   Nhazi Roorda na ihe odide Surakartan-Javanese nke oge a.   [1] A na-eji foto ndị ahụ eme ihe site na onye ike aka dị arọ na nke dị arọ, ụfọdụ serifs.[1]   A na-eji ahụ ahụ mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe ruo ihe ngosi otu awụ n'oge Dutch East Indies colonial.[1]   A na-etinye Unicode nke Wihananto nke otu aha ahụ na MediaWiki maka iji ya na iwu Javanese nke ọrụ Wikimedia..

Ụdị Wihananto dị na SIL's Open Font License.  E akara 2.0.1 na 15 June 2013. [1] Ọ na-eji Graphite eme ihe iji jia ụdị anya nke ederede Javanese.[2][3]  Fadhl Haqq Ụdị Open nke na-ahụ ihe mkpa na Graphite na 30 Ọgọstụ 2022.

## Ihe odide
Ụlọ Ọgwụ Nkụzi Federal Alex Ekwueme

Ụlọ Ọgwụ Nkụzi Federal Alex Ekwueme bụ ụlọ ọgwụ ọha na eze Naijiria nke a maara dị ka Federal Teaching hospital Abakaliki . Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka ụlọ ọrụ ọzụzụ maka ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụike na-amụ naỤlọ ọgwụ Mahadum Federal Alex Ekwueme Ndufu Alike  . 

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
N'afọ 2019, gọọmentị etiti nke Naijiria nyere Mahadum Federal Alex Ekwueme nkwado iji gbanwee Ụlọ Ọgwụ Federal Abakaliki ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ọgwụ nkuzi iji zụọ ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụike na-amụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ. Mgbanwe aha ahụ ka ọ bụrụ Alex Ekwueme Federal Teaching Hospital bụ iji sọpụrụ osote onye isi ala nke Naịjirịa bụ Ekwueme onye chịrị n'agbata afọ 1979 na 1983, wee nwụọ na 2017.Iji guzobe ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ, Independent Corrupt Practices and Other Related Offences Commission nyere 150 nde naira iji kwado nguzobe ụlọ akwụkwọ nkuzi.

## Nchịkwa
N'afọ 2019, a họpụtara Emeka Onwe-Ogah ọzọ ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi ụlọ ọgwụ nkuzi maka afọ anọ n'ọkwa.  Nke a bụ tupu a gbanwee ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ọgwụ nkuzi nke ọ ka nọgidere dị ka CMD mgbe ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ gbanwere site na Ụlọ Ọgwụ nkuzi Federal Abakaliki gaa na Ụlọ Ọgwụ Nkụzi Federal Alex Ekwueme .

## Arụmụka
Ndị na-elekọta ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ machibidoro ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị iji nweta ego karịsịa Atụmatụ ponzi ma nye ndị ọrụ e jidere na-etinye aka n'omume dị otú ahụ na 2019. 

## Edensibia
Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mmụta Mahadum Afe Babalola

Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mmụta Mahadum Afe Babalola bụ ụlọ ọgwụ onwe onye dị na Ekiti State, Nigeria. Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka ụlọ ọrụ ọzụzụ maka ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụike na-amụ na Mahadum Afe Babalola . 

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Yemi Osinbajo, onye bụbu osote onye isi ala Naịjirịa, nyere ya ọrụ na 2017 dị ka ụlọ 400.  N'afọ 2019, ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ dekọrọ ịwa ahụ obi mbụ ya, nke Tayo Adeleke na Paul Davies, onye dọkịta na-ahụ maka ọrịa obi na US mere. Ụlọ ọgwụ nkuzi ahụ mere transplantation nke mbụ ya, usoro nke were awa ise ka emere nwoke dị afọ 46 nwere ọbara mgbali elu na nkụchi akụrụ na 2021.

## Imekọ ihe ọnụ
N'afọ 2018, ABUAD Ụlọ Ọgwụ Nkụzi bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta nghọta na Aster Group of Hospitals, Dubai, nke kwalitere nlekọta ahụike yana nkwalite teknụzụ.  Na 2023, onye guzobere mahadum, Afe Babalola, chọrọ mmekorita ya na Mahadum Ekiti State iji kwalite teknụzụ ahụike na Naịjirịa.

## Edensibia
Ụlọ Ọgwụ Nkụzi Mahadum Federal Wukari

Ụlọ Ọgwụ Nkụzi Mahadum Federal Wukari bụ ụlọ ọgwụ ọha na eze dị na Taraba Steeti. Ọ nwere njikọ na Mahadum Federal, Wukari. Onye isi nchịkwa ahụike nke ụlọ ọgwụ nkuzi bụ Daniel Zanyu Egah . 

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Na Septemba 26, 2022, gọọmentị etiti Naijiria wepụtara ndetu iji mebe ntọala FUTHW ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ọzụzụ maka ahụike na nkuzi ndị ọzọ jikọrọ aka na Mahadum Federal, Wukari. 

## Nchịkwa
A họpụtara Madachi Dauda Ayuba dị ka Chief Medical Director nke ụlọ ọgwụ nkuzi na 2024 nke kpaliri echiche na mmeghachi omume dị iche iche site n'aka ndị ntorobịa nke Taraba State. N'ọnọdụ ya, a họpụtara Daniel Zanyu Egah dị ka onye isi nchịkwa ahụike nke ụlọ ọgwụ nkuzi ruo mgbe a ga-edozi nsogbu ahụ.  

## Arụmụka
Ụfọdụ ìgwè ndị ntorobịa nọ na steeti Taraba katọrọ nhọpụta nke Madachi Dauda Ayuba dị ka Onye isi nchịkwa ahụike n'ụlọ ọgwụ nkuzi dị ka ihe na-abaghị uru na-elekwasị anya na favouritism. Otú ọ dị, ndị otu ntorobịa Taraba nke ndịda megidere ndị mmegide ma kwado nhọpụta nke CMD na arụmụka ha lekwasịrị anya na nraranye nke Ayuba na nlekọta ahụike na steeti ahụ. 

## Edensibia
Asụsụ ndị dị n'okpuru Mamberamo

Asụsụ Lower Mamberamo bụ akara echere na nso a na- aha akara a na-asụrụ n'ụdị oke osimiri nke mpaghara Papua, Indonesia, n'ama ọnụ ejide Mamberamo.    Ekewala ha dị iche iche ma ọ bụ dị ka nke Austronesian nke Papuanized nke ukwuu nke alaka SHWNG, ma ọ bụ ka ahia Papuan nke nwere ike dị ukwuu n'Austronesia.    Glottolog 3.4 na-ekewa Lower Mamberamo dị ka Austronesian, ebe Donohueekewa ya dị ka Papuan.    Kamholz (2014) na-ekewa Warembori na Yoke nke ọ dị ka nhazi obere ngalaba nke South Halmahera–West New Guinea is.

## Asụsụ
Asụsụ ahụ, Warembori na Yoke, dị ka ndị dị ike na nhazi Stephen Wurm nke a na-eme eme ihe.  Donohue (1998) gosiri na ha nwere njikọ na-agụ akwụkwọ.[1]  Ross (2007) kewara Warembori dị ka Asụsụ Austronesian dabere na akụkụaha;  Otú ọ dị, Donohue na-ekwu na a gbaziri ha, ebe ọ bụ na-amaahara egwu egwu ịgbazite, 'M' na 'gị', asị ka Austronesia ma ọ bụ akara ọ na-ekwu ọzọ.  Otu prefixes yiri Asụsụ Kwerba, mana Lower Mamberamo ihe ọzọ ọmụmụ ya na ahụ ahụ.  (Lee Asụsụ Warembori na Asụsụ Yoke maka ụmụaka zuru ezu.) Donohue na-ekwu na ha agafe 5rọ onwe ya, ọ bụ ihe na otu nwere ike ịbụ na ọ nwere njikọ na ọzọ nke Papua, nke a tọhapụrụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'okpuru akara Austronesian, ihe n'ihe bụ Warembori.

N'afọ 1855, G. J. Fabritius chị achị nọmba site na gburugburu Geelvink Bay.   Na-ahụ 'Ambermo' (Mamberamo) n'ebe egwuregwu nke mgbasa ozi ya, ọ chị arọ tenama '1' na bisa '2' site na ahia a na-akpọghị aha.   Otú ọ dị, ọ na-ekwu na ndị mmadụ 'na-agụ' naanị site na otu na ọtụtụ, ndị ikwu okwu abụọ ma tenama na bisa bụ nọmba n'ezie.   N'asụsụ asụsụ nke okwu, okwu ndị na-asụsụ ndị ka nọmba n'asụsụ ọlụlụ nke mpaghara ahụ, ya mere mere Fabritius ka zutere a na-egwu egwu..
Asụsụ Warembori

Warembori (aha ala Waremboivoro) bụ Asụsụ na-anwụ anwụ nke ihe dị ka mmadụ 600 na-asụ n'obodo Warembori, Mamberamo Hilir District, Mamberamu Raya Regency, nke dị gburugburu ọnụ (gụnyere ọnụ ọnụ Warembari) n'oké osimiri nke Indonesia_province)" id="mwEQ" rel="mwEQ" rel="mw:  mpaghara)">Papua, Indonesia.

## Nchịkọta
Nhazi dị na esemokwu.  Mark Donohue chere na ọ metụtara Yoke, na-emekọ ọnụ na ezinụlọ Lower Mamberamo.  Na ndepụta okwu 200, ha na-ekerịta 33%.  Ọzọkwa enwere ụfọdụ myirịta ụtọasụsụ.  Dị ka Donohue si kwuo, Asụsụ Austronesia na-emetụta Warembori nke ukwuu na ọdịda anyanwụ, na ma okwu na ụtọ asụsụ, Yoke anaghị emetụta ya.  Ndị nchọpụta na nso nso a (Dunn & Reesink, Foley, Kamholz) ewepụtala Warembori na Yoke dị ka asụsụ Austronesian.[1]  Malcolm Ross hapụrụ Yoke enweghị nkewa n'ihi enweghị data, o doro anya na ọ na-ezo aka na Donohue ebipụtaghị nnọchiaha onwe ya na Yoke.  O bipụtala prefixes isiokwu na ngwaa, nke yiri Warembori, prefixes ndị ahụ dịkwa ka asụsụ ezinụlọ Kwerba abụọ, ya bụ Kauwera na Airoran, na-atụ aro ma ọ bụ ịgbazinye ego ma ọ bụ mmekọrịta dị anya na Kwerba, n'agbanyeghị na ezinụlọ Kwerba na-ekerịta ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ enweghị okwu na ezinụlọ Lower Mamberamo.  Prefixes plural Lower Mamberamo yiri Austronesian, dịkwa ka ọ dị ọtụtụ ihe suffixes na, opekata mpe na Warembori, nnọchiaha ndị nwere onwe..

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụedemede

### Mkpụrụ okwu

*  'ọnụ', e bu 'ogwu'
* akụkọ ihe mere eme 'agbọgwụ', a na-akpọ 'ọhịa' 

*A na-egosi ụdị nke ahụ site na otutu site na infix.  Nke a yiri njọ Austronesian Cenderawasih dị nso, nke sitere na ọnụọgụ abụọ na ru" id="mw9w" title="uncoded-language text" typeof="mw:Transclusion">du ma ọ bụ ru, site na *Dua 'abụọ'. ihe nhaaha ti="Warembori-language text" typeof="mw:Transclusion,"}"">mi:"  data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mw_Q" title="Warembori-language text" typeof="mw:Transclusion">ami, ki, mi, ti, n'aka nke ya, yiri ka ọ bụ Austronesian na-eme, site na *kami, *kita, *kamiu, *siDa (nke ikpeazụ site na **tira).  Ọ bụ ebe na 3sg yi see ike isite na Austronesian *ia, 1sg iwi na 2sc awi, egbochiaha mkpa, ihe yiri ya na Austronesian.  Otú ọ dị, ụdịaha ndị bụ isi ti="Warembori-language text" typeof="mw:Transclusion">iwi, awi, yi, ki, mi, ti yiri Yoke eβu, 'aβu, iβu, kiβu, miβu, siβu, na-egosi siri ike nke Austronesian na abụọ ahụ ahụ..*

Possessive prefixes na aha fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu ihe na isiokwu prefixes on verbs. Ihe ndị a na-ejikwa ya yie; ụkpụrụ ahụ dị nso na nke Yoke, ma e wezụga ọdịiche na-agụnye-naanị nke a na-adịghị emepụta kpamkpam n'ihe gbasara ihe onwunwe.

Otu prefixes nke Warembori na Yoke ibu nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu ihe na 1sg e-, 2sg a-, 3sg i- nke Asụsụ Kwerba Kauwera na Airoran.  Otú ọ dị, Kwerba mmetụta okwu ndị ọzọ dị ka Lower Mamberamo ihe a na-ekwu anya ya na ike.

## Ihe odide

* 
* Rumaikewi, Luther, Lea Rumansao na Mark Donohue. 1998. *Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Warembori*. Unpublished ms, Mahadum nke Sydney.

## Njikọ mpụga

* Donohue, 1998, 'Warembori, na ezinụlọ Lower Mamberamo'
Asụsụ Madurese

Madurese bụ asụsụ ndị Madurese, ndị obodo Madura Island na Eastern Java, Indonesia;  Ndị na-akwaga mba ọzọ na-asụkwa ya n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke Indonesia, ya bụ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ salient Java (gụnyere Pasuruan, Surabaya, Malang, na Banyuwangi), Masalembu Islands na ọbụna ụfọdụ na Kalimantan.  Edere ya n'ọdịnala n'asụsụ Javanese, mana a na-ejikarị script Latin na script Pegon (dabere na script Arabic) ugbu a.  Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-asụ asụsụ, n'agbanyeghị na ọ na-ebelata, e mere atụmatụ na ọ dị nde 10-13, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime asụsụ a na-asụkarị na mba ahụ.  Bawean Madurese, nke bụ olumba nke Madurese, nke ụmụ Bawean na-asụkwa. Malaysia and Singapore.
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Madurese na edemede Javanese

Madurese bụ akara Malayo-Sumbawan nke akara Malayo - Polynesian, alaka nke Ezin logo Austronesian buru ibu.  Ya mere, n'agbanyeghị mgbasa nke ala, Madurese nwere njikọ na Balinese, Malay, Sasak Ndị Sundanese, ụfọdụ ka ọ dị Ndị Javanese, dere a na-eji n nwaetiti Java n'ofe Madura Island..

ọdịdị dị n'etiti Asụsụ Bali-Sasak na Madurese doro anya ụfọdụ n'ụdị obodo (ụdị a na-amata).).   &#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Ihe odide ihe atụ
Site na Nkeji edemede 1 nke 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

; Latịn
: Sâdhâjâna ma ọ bụèng lahèr mardhika èsarengè dhrâjhât klabân ha'-ha' sè padâ. Sâdhâjâna èparè na-agafe na nurani bân kodhu areng-sareng akancaadi tarètan.

; Nsụgharị
: "A mụrụ mmadụ niile nweere onwe ha ma ha nhata na nkwanye ùgwù na ikike, a na-enye ha ezi uche na akọ na uche ma kwesịkwa imegide ibe ha n'ime mmụọ nke ọbụbụenyi. "

## Ihe odide

## Akwụkwọ
Asụsụ Kangean

Kangean (bĕsa Kangéan) bụ Asụsụ Austronesian nke Ndị Kangean na-asụ, nke bụ Agbụrụ a njikọ na mpaghara Kangean Islands, n'ebe ugwu nke oké ifufe Bali.  [1] [2].  Asụsụ Kangean nwere njikọ chiri anya na Madurese ma soro ya ibe ya, a na-ewerekwa ya dị ka olumba nke Madurese..

## Usoro ide ihe
N'ile ya anya site n'echiche ethnolinguistic site na ihe nke ihe odide na Kangean Islands, a maghị akara Kangean mbụ ma ọ bụ ihe ike ikwubi na ruo ugbu a akwụkwọ edemede nke ya.  Site n'oge ruo n'oge, a na-eji edemede sitere n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ ede akwụkwọ n'asụsụ Kangean, Carakan, Lontara, Mangkasara, Pegon, na edemede Latn nke a na-eme eme ihe ugbu a.

A na-edekarị asụsụ Kangean n'asụsụ Latịn nwere mkpụrụedemede iri abụọ na isii, mana iji mkpụrụedemede ⟨X⟩ na ⟨Z⟩ na-adịkarị ụkọ na ndụ kwa ụbọchị ma ewezuga aha.  N'oge ndị ọchịchị Dutch, script Latịn e ji mee ihe na Kangean nwere ụda olu dị ka script Latin maka Old Javanese eji amata ụda na okwu;  Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-edebu okwu tepaq (transl. har. 'kwesịrị ekwesị') dị ka tĕppaq, ma n'oge a, Kangean na-achọ ka ede ya n'enweghị diacritics ma nwee nhazi nsụpe na-esote nsụpe Javanese mana ọ dị mfe (dịka ọmụmaatụ, okwu bathik na Javanese ga-asụpe dị ka batik na Kangean.).

## Hụkwa

* Ndị Kangean
* Asụsụ Madurese

## Ihe odide