Ịgba Ọgụgụ

Ịgba ọgụgụ bụ usoro ntinye aka dị mkpirikpi nke e mere maka ụmụaka na-asụ Bekee dị afọ ise ma ọ bụ isii, ndị kachasị ala ma ọbu ndị nwere nsogbu n'ịgụ na ide ihe mgbe afọ mbụ ha gachara. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nwatakịrị na-enweghị ike ịgụ akwụkwọ kachasị mfe ma ọ bụ dee aha nke ya, mgbe otu afọ gachara n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, ga-adaba adaba maka iziga ya na mmemme Ịgba ọgụgụ . Ntinye aka na-agụnye nkuzi siri ike otu na otu maka nkeji iri atọ n'ụbọchị na onye nkuzi a zụrụ na usoro Reading ịgba ọgụgụ, maka n'etiti izu iri na abụọ na iri abụọ.

Onye nkuzi New Zealand bụ Marie Clay mepụtara Ịgba ọgụgụ n'afọ ndị 1970. Mgbe nyocha nke ogologo oge nke ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ mbụ, Clay kọwaputara  ịgụ ihe dị ka ọrụ na-enweta ozi, ọrụ na-edozi nsogbu ma ọbu ọrụ na egbọ mkpá, na ide ihe dị ka ozi na-eziga, ọrụ na na-edoza nsogbu. Clay tụrụ aro na ọrụ abụọ ahụ gụnyere ijikọ usoro a na-adịghị ahụ anya nke asụsụ ọnụ na akara a na-ahụ anya. Usoro a abụrụla n'okpuru nyocha na-arịwanye elu na narị afọ nke 21, dịka nyocha gosipụtara na ọ naghị arụ ọrụ.

## Iji weghachi Ịgụ Ihe na Omume
"Ịgba ọgụgụ" nọ na orụ na n'ọtụtụ mba na-asụ Bekee. Okwu ahụ bụ  "ịgba ọgụgụ" bụ akara ahịa edebanyere aha nke Marie Clay Trust na New Zealand, na Mahadum Ohio State na US na Institute of Education na UK. Marie Clay Trust na International Reading Recovery Trainers Organization (IRRTO) na-enye ikikere iji aha Reading Recovery mee ihe na ụlọ ọrụ ndị mmekọ gburugburu ụwa.

; Australia

N'afọ 2015, akụkọ sitere na Ngalaba Mmụta nke New South Wales, kpebirii na Ịgba ọgụgụ adịghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma ebe ụmụaka nọ , ekwesighi iji ya mee ihe maka ọtụtụ ụmụaka. N'ihi ya, na 2016, Ịgba ọgụgụ  tụfuru "ọnọdụ iwu" ya dị ka akụkụ nke usoro mmụta na ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze nke NSW karịa 900, ọ bụ ezie na ụlọ akwụkwọ ọ bụla ka nwere ike ịhọrọ iji ya. Nsonaazụ ọzọ nke mgbanwe a na iwu bụ na, na 2017, Ngalaba Mmụta NSW malitere mmemme iwe n'ọrụ iji nweta ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara ọhụrụ na agụmakwụkwọ na mgbakọ na mwepụ iji kwado ndị nkuzi na "amụta ọkachamara dabere na ihe akaebe", dị ka Minista NSW maka Mmụta, Rob Stokes si kwuo.

; New Zealand

Mgbe ewepụrụ ịgba ọgụgụ  na usoro mmụta n'ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ Australia, ndị nchọpụta na ndị na-eme iwu na New Zealand jụọla ajụjụ banyere uru ya. Ka ọ na-eru  2019, nke a emeela ka e belata ojiji nke Ịgba ọgụgụ na ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze nke New Zealand, na nkwenye dị ukwuu na ntụziaka phonics. Mgbalị ndị nne na nna enyekwara aka n'ịbawanye ntụziaka dabere na fonics na mbelata na-aga n'ihu na ntụziaka atọ dabere na usoro ntụziaka na ụlọ akwụkwọ New Zealand.

; Ebe Ugwu America

Ogbako nke Ịgba ọgụgụ nke North America, Inc. bụ òtù na-abụghị maka uru nke ndị ọkachamara ịgba ọgụgụ,  ndị nkwado, na ndị mmekọ. Ọ bụ onye na-akwado ịgba ọgụgụ na North America (United States na Canada). Ọ na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ abụọ maka ebumnuche a: The Journal of Reading Recovery and Literacy Teaching and Learning.

A ka na-eji ịgba ọgụgụ na mmemme ndị dị ka ya gbàsàrà echiche  na United States, mana enwere nnukwu mmeghachi omume megide usoro ahụ. Ọtụtụ nnukwu mpaghara ụlọ akwụkwọ ajụla usoro ahụ maka nkuzi fonics. Ndị a gụnyere Columbus, Ohio, na Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.

N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2022, ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka nyocha na nchoputa nà agụmakwụkwọ na iwu mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na Mahadum Delaware gosipụtara nsonaazụ nke nyocha nke mmetụta ogologo oge nke Ịgba ọgụgụ. Mkpebi ahụ bụ na "atụle mmetụta ogologo oge dị ịrịba ama ma dị njọ". Nnyocha ahụ chọpụtara na ụmụaka natara ịgba ọgụgụ nwere akara na ule ọgụgụ nke steeti na klas nke atọ na nke anọ nke dị n'okpuru akara ule nke ụmụaka yiri ya na-enwetaghị ịgba ọgụgụ

. Ọ na-atụ aro echiche atọ nwere ike ịbụ maka nsonaazụ a:

# Ọ bụ ezie na Ịgba ọgụgụ na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na usoro ịgụ na ide n'oge, ọ naghị enye ụmụ akwụkwọ nkà achọrọ maka ihe ịga nke ọma na akara ndị ọzọ; ma ọ bụ,
# Mmeri ndị ahụ na-efu n'ihi na ụmụ akwụkwọ anaghị enweta ntinye aka zuru ezu na akara ndị ọzọ; ma ọ bụ,
# Mmetụta nke ntinye aka mbụ ahụ ka ahụmahụ ndị sochirinụ kpochapụrụ.

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

# Baker, S., Berninger, V. W., Bruck, M., Chapman, J., Eden, G., Elbaum, B., Fletcher, J. M., Fletch, J., Fowler, C., Francis, D. J., Fuchs, L. S., Greaney, K., Katz, L., Manis, F., Mather, N., McCutchen, D., Mencl, E., Molfese, D. L., M., M., L., M. L., F., M., F., F., V., M., S., V., S., S., W., S., M., V., V., W., V., F., S., F., W., W., F., Mencl., S., Mencl. Ndị ọkachamara na-ekwu na Reading Recovery adịghị arụ ọrụ, na-ahapụ ọtụtụ ụmụaka n'azụ: Akwụkwọ ozi mepere emepe sitere n'aka ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ. E nwetara ya na http://www.wrightslaw.com/info/read.rr.ltr.experts.htm
# Buckingham, J., Reading Recovery a Failed Investment.  (2019) Akwụkwọ Iwu CIS. https://web.archive.org/web/20221018005612/https://fivefromfive.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/PP15-RE-BRAND.pdf
# [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Nnyocha nke Nweghachi Ọgụgụ. Ịgụ Nnyocha Quarterly, 30 (2). doi:10.2307/748034
# [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Iweghachi Nweghachi Ntụziaka Ịgụ Ihe. Australia na New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 17 (1), 59-71. doi:10.1080/07263869100034271
# [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ịgụgụ Ọgụgụ bụ Ntinye aka dị irè maka ụmụ akwụkwọ nwere nsogbu ịgụ ihe? Nkatọ nke i3 Scale-Up Study. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] doi:10.1080/02702711.2016.1157538
# [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ihe ịga nke ọma na Reading Recovery Program ọ dabere na ịzụlite nkà na Phonological-Processing Skills? Nnyocha Longitudinal n'asụsụ zuru oke. Scientific Studies of Reading, 5 (2), 141-176. doi:10.1207/S1532799Xssr0502_2
# [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Agha Ịgụ na Nweghachi Ịgụ Ihe: Ihe Ndị Nkụzi, Ezinụlọ, na Ndị Na-atụ Ụtụ Isi Kachasịrị Ịmara. Enweghị nkwarụ mmụta: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 22 (2), 12-23. doi:10.18666/ldmj-2017-v22-i2-8391 https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1168862
# [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ụmụaka nwere nsogbu ịgụ ihe: Ohere efuola ime mgbanwe. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] doi:10.1177/00049441145584

*Ịdị irè*

# Schmitt, M. C., (2001) 'Ọganihu nke nhazi atụmatụ ụmụaka na Reading Recovery. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
# Phillips, G. na Smith, P. (1997) 'Imechi oghere: Ịgụ na ide maka ndị siri ike ịkụzi'. New Zealand Council for Educational Research: Wellington, 3, 1-36.
# Pinnell, G. S., Lyons, C. A., DeFord, D. E., Bryk, A. S. na Seltzer, M (1994) 'Ịtụle ụdị nkuzi maka agụmakwụkwọ nke ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ dị elu'. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
# May, H., Gray, A., Sirinides, P., Goldsworthy, H., Armijo, M., Sam, C., ... [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Afọ nke mbụ sitere na nyocha randomized multisite nke i3 scale-up nke Reading Recovery. American Educational Research Journal, 52 (3), 547-581.

*Ọganihu na-aga n'ihu*

# Hurry, J. na Sylva, K. (2007) 'Nsonaazụ ogologo oge nke ntinye aka ọgụgụ n'oge'. Journal of Reading Research, 30 (3), 227-248.
# Moore, M. na Wade, B. (1998) 'Ịgụ na nghọta: Nnyocha ogologo nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-agụghachi'. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
# Askew, B. J. na Frasier, D. F. (1994) 'Mmetụta na-aga n'ihu nke Reading Recovery intervention na omume ọgụgụ isi nke ụmụaka nọ na klas nke abụọ na nghọta nke ndị nkuzi ha'. Ịgụ na ide, Ịkụzi Ihe na Ịmụta Ihe, 1 (1), 87-107.

*Nsọpụrụ Onwe Onye*

# Ngalaba maka agụmakwụkwọ (2011), 'Nnyocha nke Nwatakịrị Ọ bụla na-agụ (ECaR) ', DFE-RR114
# Hummel-Rossi, B & Ashdown, J (2006) 'Nnyocha nke mmetụta mmeghachi omume: Ihe ịga nke ọma na nkwenye onwe onye n'ime ụmụaka nọ na klas mbụ'. International Journal of Learning, 12 (10), 269-276.
# Rumbaugh, W. na Brown, C. (2000) 'Mmetụta nke ntinye aka Reading Recovery na echiche onwe onye nke ụmụ akwụkwọ'. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]

# Schwartz, R. M., Hobsbaum, A., Briggs, C. na Scull, J. (2009) 'Reading Recovery and evidence-based practice: A response to Reynolds and Wheldall (2007) '. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 56 (1), 5-15.
# Shanahan, T. na Barr, R. (1995) 'Reading Recovery: Nnyocha onwe onye nke mmetụta nke ntinye aka nkuzi n'oge maka ndị na-amụ ihe n'ihe ize ndụ.' Reading Research Quarterly, 30 (4), 958-996.

*Ọnụ ego dị irè*

# Schwartz, R.M. Schmitt, M.C. na Lose, M.K. (2012), 'Mmetụta nke ọnụ ọgụgụ onye nkuzi na nwa akwụkwọ na nzaghachi maka ntinye aka' The Elementary School Journal, 112 (4), 547-567

*Akụkọ ọdịyo*

# 
# 
# 

* Ndepụta nke mmemme phonics
* Asụsụ zuru ezu
* Ihe mere Johnny Na-apụghị Ịgụ Ihe

## Edensibia