open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Paul Andries van der Bijl

**Paul Andries van der Bijl** ma ọ bụ **Van der Byl** (23 Mee 1888 - 1939) bụ ọkachamara n'ọrịa ụmụ nwanyị na South Africa a maara maka ọrụ ya na polypores ma ọ bụ fungi bracket..

## Ndụ na ọrụ
A mụrụ ya n'ugbo nna ya na mpaghara Paarl nke Cape Colony, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Stellenbosch (nke bụbu Victoria College) na 1909.

Na 1911, a họpụtara van der Bijl dịka ọkachamara n'ọrịa ụmụ nwanyị na onye na-agwọ ọrịa ụmụ anụmanụ na South African National Collection of Fungi. Na 1914, a tụrụ aro ka ọ bụrụ onye otu Linnean Society of London. N'afọ 1915, ọ bụ onye isi nke ụlọ nyocha nke ahịhịa na National Herbarium. Ọ ghọrọ prọfesọ mbụ nke ọrịa osisi na South Africa na Mahadum Stellenbosch na 1921. Stefanus Johannes Du Plessis (1908-1995) bụ nwa akwụkwọ ya.

## Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara

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## Edemsibia
Brian Roy Stuckenberg

**Brian Roy Stuckenberg** (7 Eprel 1930 - 8 Febrụwarị 2009) bụ ọkà mmụta gbasara anụ ahụ South Africa ọkachamara na Diptera.

Stuckenberg bụ onye Danish, nwanne nna ya bụ onye na-ede uri Viggo Stuckenberg. Stuckenberg bụ onye isi nke Entomology na Natal Museum (nke bụzi KwaZulu-Natal Museum) na Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. Ọ ghọrọ onye na-eduga na dipterist n'Africa, na-ewu otu n'ime nnukwu nchịkọta nke nnụnụ Afrotropical n'ụwa. O dere ihe karịrị otu narị akwụkwọ.,  gụnyere ngalaba na ezinụlọ Blephariceridae, Thaumaleidae, Xylomyidae, Rhagionidae, Athericidae, Apioceridae na Opomyzidae na Crosskey, R.W., de. , *Ndepụta nke Diptera nke Afrotropical Region*. London: British Museum (Natural History), p. 635 ma rụọ ọrụ na Vermileonidae.&nbsp;

Ọ chịkọtara Diptera na South Africa, Angola, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Swaziland, Zimbabwe, Chile na Argentina.  Stuckenberg bụ onye otu Royal Entomological Society of London.

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie KwaZulu-Natal
Anusuya Chinsamy-Turan

**Anusuya Chinsamy-Turan** (amuru Ọgọst  27, 1962)[1] bu onye South Africa vertebrate paleontologist mara maka nka ya na mmepe n’ime omumu nke microstructure nke eze fossil na ọkpụkpụ nke kpochapuru na vertebrates di adi. Ọ bụ onye isi nke Ngalaba Sayensị Biological (nke mbụ bụ Ngalaba Zoology), na Mahadum Cape Town site na 2012 ruo 2015 . 

## Agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ
Chinsamy-Turan nwetara B.Sc. site na Mahadum Witwatersrand na 1983 na B.Sc. Nsọpụrụ na 1984, U.H.D.E. (University Higher Diploma in Education) site na Mahadum Durban-Westville (nke a na-akpọ ugbu a Mahadum Kwazulu-Natal) na 1985, na Ph.D. (1991) site na Witwatersrand. Ọ gara n'ihu na-eme postdoctorate na Mahadum Pennsylvania (1992-1994).

Ọ bụ onye dere akwụkwọ isii; akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ abụọ, The Microstructure of Dinosaur Bone - Deciphering Biology Through Fine Scale Techniques, nke Johns Hopkins University Press na Forerunners of Mammals -Radiation bipụtara na 2005. Biology nke Indiana University Press bipụtara na 2012;  akwụkwọ ụmụaka, Famous dinosaurs of Africa, nke e bipụtara na 2008, na akwụkwọ ọkwa ama ama, Fossils For Africa, nke Cambridge University Press bipụtara na 2014.  Akwụkwọ ya abụọ kacha ọhụrụ (2021) bụ maka ụmụaka ma akpọrọ ya "Dinosaurs na ndụ ndị ọzọ prehistoric" na "Dinosaur Africa".

## Ihe nrite
Chinsamy-Turan meriri "Award Women Scientist Award" site na South Africa Department of Science and Technology na 2002, wee nweta "South African Woman of the Year Award" na 2005. National Research Foundation nke South Africa nyere ya "President's Award" na 1995 na "Transformation Award" na 2012. 

N'afọ 2013, ọ meriri The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) Sub-Saharan Prize for the Public Understanding and Popularization of Science.

*Lokotunjailurus chinsamyae* ugbu a nwere ụdị nwamba nwere ezé sabre aha ya.

## Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Nkọwa banyere uto na usoro njikọ nke Late Cretaceous Gargantuavis site na microstructure ọkpụkpụ. *Naturwissenschaften* 101:447-452
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Mmekọahụ nwoke na nwanyị nke nnụnụ Mesozoic *Confuciusornis sanctus*. *Nkwurịta okwu okike*.
* Chinsamy, A. Thomas, D. B., Tumarkin-Deratzian, A. & A. Fiorillo. 2012. Hadrosaurs bụ ndị bi na polar. Akụkọ anatomial, 295 (4): 551-714.
* Jasinoski, S.C. na A. Chinsamy. 2012. Mandibular histology na uto nke non-mammaliaform cynodont Tritylodon. Journal of Anatomy, 220 (6): 564-579.
* Cerda, I. A. & Chinsamy. 2012. Mmetụta nke ọkpụkpụ microstructure nke Late Cretaceous ornithopod dinosaur *Gasparinisaura cincosaltensis*. *Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology*. 32(2):355-368.
* Chinsamy, A., Codorniu, L. na L. Chiappe. 2009 Ọkpụkpụ Microstructure nke Pterodaustro guinazui. Ihe ndekọ anatomial 292: 1462-1477.
* Chinsamy, A., na Tumarkin-Deratzian, A. 2009. Ọkpụkpụ na-arịa ọrịa n'ime nnụnụ turkey na dinosaur non-avian. Ihe ndekọ anụ ahụ 292: 1478-1484

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ na Mahadum nke Cape Town E debere ya na  Wayback Machine
* Publications by Anusuya Chinsamy-TurannaResearchGate

## Edensibia

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Taofeek Owonikoko

**Taofeek Kunle Owonikoko bụ dọkịta Amerịka, Prọfesọ na Osote Onyeisi maka Mmepe Ndị nkuzi, Ngalaba Hematology na Medical Oncology na Winship Cancer Institute. Nnyocha ya na-atụle kansa akpa ume obere mkpụrụ ndụ. Ọ bụ onye otu 2019 Emory University Woodruff Leadership Academy Fello**w . 

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
Owonikoko si Naịjirịa. Ọ gara Mahadum Obafemi Awolowo, ebe ọ bụ ọkachamara na ọgwụ. &#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup> Owonikoko gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Lagos University Teaching Hospital. N'afọ 1998, e nyere ya nkwado nyocha nke Germany iji sonye na Mahadum Heinrich Heine Düsseldorf. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D; Mgbe ọ nọ na Germany, Owonikoko nwetara nzere doctoral na anatomical pathology.  

## Nnyocha na ọrụ
N'afọ 2001, Owonikoko sonyeere Mahadum Johns Hopkins dị ka onye na-arụ ọrụ postdoctoral, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ na molecular imaging. A họpụtara Owonikoko dị ka Ọkà Mmụta Ọrịa Kansa Pụrụ Iche na Georgia Cancer Coalition n'afọ 2008. N'afọ ahụ, ọ sonyeere Mahadum Emory dị ka prọfesọ osote ya.

Ọ bụ ọkachamara na obere mkpụrụ ndụ kansa akpa ume. &#x5B;**&#x5D; Ọ na-eduga nnwale ahụike n'ime ọgwụ ọhụrụ immunotherapy, nke a pụrụ iji gwọọ ọrịa kansa na-eme ihe ike na nke na-eme ugboro ugboro. Ọ mụọla ịdị irè nke talazoparib dị ka ọgwụgwọ maka ndị ọrịa kansa akpa ume nke obere mkpụrụ ndụ nwere ụkọ mmezi homologous recombination. 

Owonikoko akpọọla ka ọtụtụ ndị na-acha ọbara ọbara tinye aka na nnwale ọrịa kansa. Karịsịa, ndị ọrịa ojii dị n'okpuru 4% nke ndị ọrịa sonyere na nnwale ahụike maka kansa akpa ume. O kwenyere na nnọchiteanya a na-eme ka enweghị nhata nke nlekọta ahụike.

## Onyinye na nsọpụrụ

* 2008 Ònye bụ Ònye
* 2016 National Cancer Institute Cancer Clinical Investigator Team Leadership Award 
* 2019 Emory University Woodruff Leadership Academy Fellow 

## Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ

* 
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## Edemsibịa

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Helen Vanderplank

**Helen Joyce Vanderplank** (1919-2005) bụ onye ọkà mmụta ihe ndị dị ndụ na Saụt Afrịka nke a mụrụ na mba Briten, onye na-ese ihe gbasara osisi na onye na-ahụ maka ihe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie.

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Vanderplank n'ụbọchị ịrị abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 1919 na Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, Ọ gara Bristol Clifton High School for Girls na Bristol ma gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Birkbeck College na London na BSc Honours na botany na zoology. Vanderplank kwagara South Africa ma kụzie na Bishop's na St. Cyprian's School na Cape Town tupu ọ banye n'ọkwa dị ka onye nkuzi na Grahamstown Teachers Training College ruo mgbe ọ mechiri n'afọ  1975. Ihe osise bụ ihe ntụrụndụ kachasị amasị ya mgbe niile, a họpụtara ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe ngosi na Albany Museum, Grahamstown, ọkwá ọ nọ na ya ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká n'afọ 1984.

N'ime afọ ya na Albany Museum "ọ gbanwere gallery site na gallery site n'iji nkà nka ya n'ụzọ sara mbara". Nke ahụ gụnyere Children's Gallery na Invertebrates Gallery ebe dioramas ya bụ "windo n'ime ọhịa nke okooko osisi, mosses na ọtụtụ ụmụ ahụhụ" na "ọrụ nka kachasị mma". A na-eji silk emepụta okooko osisi ya, akwụkwọ ya na ụmụ ahụhụ, usoro onye ọkachamara kụziiri ya na Cardiff Museum, ọbụnakwa afọ 30 ka e mesịrị "ihe nkiri ahụ dị ọhụrụ dị ka mgbe mbụ o mere ha".

Mgbe Harry Oppenheimer's De Beers Consolidated Mines zụtara ebe obibi na azụmaahịa Henry Carter Galpin, nna Ernest Edward Galpin nke South Africa, ma gbanwee ya ka ọ bụrụ Ụlọ Ihe Ngosi Ihe Observatory n'afọ 1982, Vanderplank chịkọtara mkpokọta urukurubụba, igwe osisi na akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme eke niile egosiri ebe ahụ. O mekwara mgbidi "akwụkwọ mmiri" nke mbipụta Oxalis maka ụlọ ihe ngosi nka, yana okooko osisi Eastern Cape nke Victorian n'okpuru dome iko nke sitere na silk, wax na waya dị ka onyinye pụrụ iche maka Harry Oppenheimer.

Mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká, Vanderplank kwagara Port Elizabeth ebe ya na ezigbo enyi ya bụ CJ Skead jikọrọ aka n'ọtụtụ ọrụ nke mere ka o mepụta akwụkwọ ya nke nwere mpịakọta abụọ nke Wildflowers na mpaghara Port Elizabeth. Akwụkwọ abụọ ahụ nwere ihe osise karịrị otu puku nke gụnyere ma ọ dịkarịa ala ụdị osisi dị iche iche 900. Ọ nwụrụ na n'ụbọchị asaa n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2005. 

## Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara
 

## Edemsibịa
 

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

*
Owodunni Teriba

**Owodunni Teriba** (28 Febụwarị 1938 - 23 Eprel 2020) bụ onye ọkà mmụta Naijiria, Chief Economist, onye edemede na prọfesọ nke jere ozi na ikike dị iche iche na Economic Commission for Africa (ECA).

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Teriba na ụbọchị ịrị abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 1938 na Ijebu Ode, Ogun Steeti na Kadiri na Ashiata Teriba. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Ibadan na B.Sc.  (Hons) Economics, na site na Mahadum Manchester, England na MA na PhD na akụ na ụba.

## Akwụkwọ

* *Atụmatụ mmepe, mkpebi itinye ego na usoro mmefu ego nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepe ọha; The Western Nigeria Development Corporation, 1949-1962* (1966) 
* *Ahụmahụ nke nkwekọrịta ego nke Naijiria 1951-1965: ọmụmụ na mmekọrịta ego na mmekọrịta ego n'etiti gọọmentị* (1967) 
* *Uto nke mmefu ego ọha na eze na Western Nigeria* (1967) 
* *Nchịkwa ndị omeiwu nke ụlọ ọrụ ọha na eze nke Western Nigeria: nyocha dị oke egwu * (1968) 
* Mgbanwe ụlọ akụ nke 1967-69 na Naijiria: nyocha nke mgbanwe ego na akụ na ụba agha na-emepebeghị emepe (1969)  
* Mkpa maka ego na Naịjirịa (1973) 
* *Echiche efu na Omume Ọha*. Okwu mmeghe e nyere na Mahadum Ibadan na 9 Machị 1978 (1978) 
* *Ọdịdị nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na Naịjirịa* (1981) 
* asambodo akụ na ụba maka West Africa (1985) 
* *Ihe ịma aka nke Nweghachi na Mmepe nke Akụnụba Africa* (1991) 
* Echiche sitere na kọmitii UN maka Africa (1992) 

## Ọnwụ
Odowunni nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ ịrị asatọ na abụọ na Chicago, USA. Nwunye ya Yetunde Teriba, ụmụ ise, na ụmụ ụmụ hapụrụ ya.

## Edemsibịa
Lịngwistiks

‘’’Title’’’Lịngwistiks

## Nkọwa
Lịngwistiks bụ sayensị ọmụmụ asụsụ.Ọ na eleba ọmụmụ asụsụ anya n' uzọ di iche iche na etu ngalaba ha sịrị dị.
### Nkejiasụsụ
Aha Nkpọ
### Omumatu
Lịngwistiks nwere ngalaba ise ha bụ:
* Ọdịdị ụda (Phonetics)
* Ọdịdị ụda asụsụ (Phonology)
* Ọdịdị mkpụrụ asụsụ (Morphology)
* Ụsoro okwu (Syntax)
* Nghọta okwu (Simantics)
### Mkpọpụta
### Olumba
## Ntụgharị n’ Asụsụ Ọzọ
### Bekee
Linguistics
Marie Prins

**Marie Prins** (amụrụ n'afọ 1948, aha ya bụ **Marie Jordaan**) bụ onye South Africa na-amụ banyere ihe ọkụkụ.
thumb|Gymnosporia heterophylla - osisi Spikethorn nke Africa

## Agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ
Prins gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Stellenbosch site na nzere BSc na Botany. Ọ gụchara BSc (Hons) na MSc na Mahadum Pretoria. O nwetara nzere PhD na botany yana edemede na Spikethorns of the world (Gymnosporia, Celastraceae). O sokwa na mmepe nke weebụsaịtị nwere ozi gbasara osisi South Africa nke e bu n'obi maka ma ndị na-amụ ihe ma ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị.

O nyere ndị dere ya aka na nyocha maka akwụkwọ "Trees and Shrubs of Mpumalanga and The Kruger Park", nke e bipụtara na 2002. Ọ dezigharịrị ihe ndị dị n'akwụkwọ ahụ ebe a kọwara osisi dị ka ụdị ọhụrụ ma mesịa bụrụ ụdị ọhụrụ.

Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na South African National Biodiversity Institute[5], na 1999, e depụtara ya dịka onye ọrụ sayensị maka National Herbarium nke gụnyere ọrụ njirimara osisi na nhazi nke nchịkọta osisi, yana osisi ndị nwere mmasị pụrụ iche na ndịda Africa. 

## Nnyocha na ogbako
Otu nnyocha nke Prins tinyere aka na ya gụnyere 14 n'ime 17 genres nabatara na ezinụlọ Combretaceae, gụnyere 101 ụdị na subspecies, na mgbalị iji chọpụta mmekọrịta phylogenetic. A chịkọtara ihe nlele site na njem nlegharị anya:

* South Africa (Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal provinces) 
* Botswana
* Mozambique
* Namibia
* Zimbabwe

thumb|Ogige Botanical nke Kirstenbosch
A gụnyekwara ihe nlele ndị a zụlitere site na

* Lowveld National Botanical Garden (Nelspruit, South Africa) 
* Ogige Botanical nke Pretoria (Pretoria, South Africa) 
* Ogige Ntụrụndụ nke Kirstenbosch (Cape Town, South Africa) 
* National Botanic Garden, Harare (Zimbabwe) 
* Ogige Botanical nke Honolulu
* Ubi Ubi nke Missouri
* Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

Site na 2008, Prins sonyere na ogbako ụbọchị anọ nke SANBI na Umtamvuna Nature Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal. O gosipụtara usoro njirimara Gymnosporia maka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo CREW (Custodians of Rare and Endangered Wildflowers), ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị otu nchekwa mpaghara. 

N'afọ 2018, Botanical Society of South Africa nyere Prins ego maka "nnyocha taxonomic nke akụkụ nke ụdị *Olea*". Taxonomy na-enye ozi dị mkpa na alaka ndị ọzọ nke Botany (gụnyere nchedo, njikwa gburugburu ebe obibi na agụmakwụkwọ) mana a na-ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime akụkụ ndị na-adịchaghị mma nke Botany ma ya mere ego siri ike inweta. E dezigharịrị ụdị *Olea* n'afọ 1963.

## Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ

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Prins ebipụtala ọtụtụ akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị a: 
* Bothalia - Ụdị dị iche iche nke Africa na Nchekwa
* Akwụkwọ akụkọ Botany nke South Africa
* Phytotaxa
* Ụgbọ mmiri
* Kew Bulletin

## Edemsibia
 
Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Patrick Ekpotu

**Patrick Akpan Ekpotu** (Nụrụ) i (amụrụ na 26 June 1960) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria na onye Injinia kemịkal. Ọ bụbu osote gọvanọ nke Akwa Ibom State.

## Ndụ
A mụrụ Ekpotu na Steeti Akwa Ibom site n'aka otu onye nkụzi a ma ama bụ́ Gaul na nwunye ya bụ́ Cornelia n'afọ 1960. Ọ lụrụ Mbosowo ma nwee ụmụ atọ. Dịka onye otu People's Democratic Party, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka osote Gọvanọ Godswill Akpabio na steeti Akwa Ibom site na 2007 ruo 2011, ebe ọ rụburu ọrụ dị ka Kọmishọna maka Ozi, Omenala na Nhazi Omume nke steeti ahụ n'oge ọchịchị Gọvanọ Victor Attah. Ọ bụkwa Kọmishọna Federal (South South) na National Assembly Service Commission site na 2003 ruo 2005. Ọ bụ onye dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ, gụnyere Lifting the Peril, nke e bipụtara na 2011.  

## Mmụta
He received his secondary education Regina Coeli College, Essene and Nsit People's Grammar School in  Afaha Offiong. In 1986, he graduated from Rivers State University of Science and Technology with a Bachelor's degree in Chemical/Petroleum Engineering. &#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Mmekọrịta na onyinye
Ọ bụ onye otu Nigerian Society of Engineers, Institute of Certified Economists of Nigeria na Paul Harris Fellow, Rotary International. E nyela ya Ebong Ifiok nke ala Ibibio, Ibatai Ikpa Nnung Assang, Edet Nsit Ibom na ndị ọzọ.

## Edemsibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Official website 
Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Marcus Byrne

Prọfesọ Marcus Byrne meriri ihe nrite Ig Nobel nke afọ 2013 maka bayoloji/aghụghọ mbara igwe tinyere: Marie Dacke, Emily Baird, Clarke Scholtz, na Eric Warrant, maka ịchọpụta na mgbe ụmụ ahụhụ nsị furu efu, ha nwere ike ịlaghachi n'ụlọ site n'ile anya na Milky Way Nnyocha a nwere ngwa bara uru, dịka ọmụmaatụ inyere aka otu esi emepụta usoro anya dị mgbagwoju anya.

Byrne bụ prọfesọ nke zoology na entomology na Mahadum Wits na Johannesburg, South Africa.

Byrne bụ onye dere Dance of the Dung Beetles . 

## Edemsibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Peeji ndị ọrụ na Mahadum Wits E debere  Wayback Machine
* Peeji nke onwe [link nwụrụ anwụ na-adịgide adịgide] na National Research Foundation (South Africa)   
* The Dance of the Dung Beetle, aOkwu TED site naMarcus Byrne
* Egwú nke Dung Beetles 
Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Mary Agard Pocock

**Mary Agard Pocock** (31 Disemba 1886 - 10 Julaị 1977) bụ onye sayensị South Africa.

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ ya na Rondebosch na 1886 n'aka William Pocock na Elizabeth Dacomb, Mary Pocock gara Bedford High School na Cheltenham Ladies' College. Pocock gara Mahadum London ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ gbasara osisi, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta ya na 1908. Mgbe ọ gụchara akwụkwọ, Pocock kụziri ihe n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ụmụ agbọghọ dị na London na Cape tupu ya agaa n'ihu na ọmụmụ ihe ya na 1919; gụchara akara ugo mmụta ọzọ na nkà mmụta ihe ọkụkụ na Cambridge. Ọ bụ onye nkuzi na Mahadum Rhodes ruo otu afọ na 1924, ọkwa nke ọ na-enweta mgbe ụfọdụ n'oge ọrụ ya. Na 1925, ya na Dorothea Bleek si Rhodesia gaa Luanda na-anakọta osisi okooko osisi nke ọ gụrụ na Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew na British Museum mgbe ọ lọtara. Ka ọ na-alaghachi South Africa, Pocock nwere mmasị na algae, wee nweta PhD na isiokwu ahụ site na Mahadum Cape Town mgbe ọ dị afọ 46. Na 1942, o guzobere ahịhịa nke Mahadum Rhodes (RUH)  Ọ mụrụ *Volvox* karịsịa. Pocock na mmekorita ya na Marion S. Cave ghọrọ otu mbụ iji chọpụta ole chromosomes algae nwere. 

Onye dere ihe karịrị akwụkwọ 30 gbasara algae, a na-akpọkwa ọtụtụ osisi aha Pocock. Ọ natara ihe nrite Crisp nke Linnean Society,  ma bụrụkwa onye Òtù Linnean Society na Royal Society of South Africa.

## Edemsibia

## Njikọ mpụga
Robert Story (onye na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ)

Akụkọ Robert (Bob) OAM (19 Ọgọst 1913 Fort Beaufort – 20 Febụwarị 1999 Australia) bụ ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara osisi na gburugburu ebe obibi na South Africa. Nna ya, onye nwụrụ n'afọ 1925, bụ onye njikwa ugbo nke gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Edinburgh ma nweta asambodo na ọrụ ugbo.

Mgbe ọ nọrọ afọ 1926-30 na Grey High School na Port Elizabeth, Robert Story gara Mahadum Rhodes site na afọ 1931-33 ebe o nwetara akara ugo mmụta B.Sc., mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ debanyere aha na Mahadum Witwatersrand site na afọ 1934-35 ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na M.Sc. ma mesịa nye ya akara ugo mmụta D.Sc. Oge mbụ ọ ga-arụ ọrụ bụ na Leeuwkuil Pasture Research Station dị nso na Vereeniging na 1936. N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ọ gara ọrụ na Madagascar, North Africa na Italy. Mgbe Agha ahụ gwụchara na 1945, e zigara ya na Ngalaba Nnyocha Osisi nke Ngalaba Osisi ma tinye ya n'ọrụ na Grahamstown. N'ebe a, o mere nnyocha osisi nke Keiskammahoek District ma bipụta ya dị ka 'Nyocha Osisi nke South Africa Memoir Nke 27' na 1952.  N'otu afọ ahụ, ọ kwagara Pretoria dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ngalaba nyocha osisi.

He accompanied the Harvard-Smithsonian-Peabody expedition to Botswana and South-West Africa in 1955, revisiting the region in 1956 and 1958 and travelling through the Kaokoveld to the Kunene River. As a result of these trips he published 'Some Plants Used by the Bushmen in Obtaining Food and Water' in 1958 as 'Botanical Survey of South Africa Memoir No. 30'.

Robert Story with his wife Sybil and daughters emigrated to Australia in July 1959 where he took up a position in Canberra with the Land Use Research Division of CSIRO as ecologist and botanist. He was appalled at the environmental damage that was being done in the Hunter Valley, where eucalypts were felled and left to rot. During 1969-70 he was posted to Patagonia on an environmental training mission, a trip which in his opinion was a waste of time. He was convinced that rampant population growth lay at the root of most environmental problems. He, Nancy Burbidge, Alec Baillie Costin and a few other botanists were instrumental in the 1960 founding of the National Parks Association of the Australian Capital Territory, and was one of the first Presidents of the NPA in the 1960s, as well as being a founding member of the Kosciuszko Huts Association and its President during the years 1973-76. He was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia in 1989 for "service to conservation and national parks".

Ihe atụ ya dị ihe dị ka 5000, a chịkọtakwara ya na South Africa, Namibia na Botswana. A na-echeta ya na *Acacia storyi* Tindale na *Paenula storyi* Orchard.

## Edemsibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Biography of Robert StorynaS2A3Biographical Database nke Southern African Science
Ethel Doidge

**Ethel Mary Doidge** (1887–1965) bụ onye Britain, ọkammụta ọgwụ na onye ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara nje bacteria, onye a mụrụ na South Africa. A mụrụ Doidge na Nottingham, England na 31 Mee 1887 ma gụọ akwụkwọ na South Africa na Epworth School na Pietermaritzburg na Huguenot College, Wellington, Western Cape. Na 1908, ọ sonyeere Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo Transvaal dị ka onye enyemaka nye Dr I.B. Pole Evans. Na 1909, Mahadum nke Cape of Good Hope nyere ya nzere MA, na 1914, enyere ya nzere D. Sc.; ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ nwetara nzere doctorate na South Africa. Akwụkwọ edemede ya bụ A bacterial disease of mango, Bacillus mangiferae n. sp.. [1] [2] A maghị ọrịa a n'oge gara aga na mpụga South Africa ma kpatara nnukwu mfu nye ndị na-akụ mango n'ebe ahụ ruo afọ ole na ole. N'afọ 1912, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Onye otu Linnean Society (FLS). A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ osote onye isi nke Division of Botany and Plant Pathology na 1919 wee bụrụ onye isi na-ahụ maka ọrịa osisi na 1929, ọkwá ọ nọ na ya ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na 1942. A nọgidere na-arụ ọrụ ya ruo afọ anọ ọzọ, n'oge ahụ ka ọ rụchara ọrụ ya na The South African fungi and lichens . [3]

__NOTOC__

Site na ihe ọmụma ya banyere nje bacteria na mycology, o jisiri ike dozie nsogbu ndị dị mkpa maka ọrụ ugbo. A họpụtara Doidge ka ọ bụrụ onye otu kansụl mbụ nke Mahadum South Africa. Ọ bụ onye guzobere South African Biological Society ma na 1922 e nyere ya nnukwu onyinye nke Society, Senior Captain Scott Memorial Medal, maka nyocha ya na ọrịa osisi South Africa.

## Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara
  

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta nke mycologists
* Ndepụta nke ndị edemede osisi South Africa
* Usoro oge nke ụmụ nwanyị na sayensị

## Ihe edeturu na ntụaka
 

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ
 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Biography of Ethel DoidgenaS2A3Biographical Database nke Southern African Science
*
Ose, Naịjirịa

Ose bụ ọchịchị ime obodo na Ondo State, Southwest Nigeria.  Isi ụlọ ọrụ ya dị n'obodo Ifon.  Ọ bụ obodo gụnyere Ikaro, Okeluse, Ijagba, Imoru, Arimogija, Elegbeka (Ikaro), Ogberuwen, Ute, Ifon, Omi-alafa, Ugbonla, na Ogbese Falodun na ndịda;  na Ido-ani, Idogun, Ido-isale, Afo, na Imeri n’ebe ugwu.
áká_èkpè|thumb|300x300px|Nkwupụta mmeghe dị mkpirikpi nke Ifon n'asụsụ Ifon site n'aka onye na-asụ ya
Ọrụ ugbo bụ isi nke mpaghara a, nke dabere na ọrụ ugbo koko na ubi.

E gburu onye ọchịchị ọdịnala nke Ifon, Oba Israel Adegoke Adewusi, na 26 Nọvemba 2020. 

O nwere mpaghara nke 1,465 km2 na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ nke 144,901 dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ afọ 2006.&nbsp;

## Ọnọdụ ihu igwe
Ose na-enwe ihu igwe dị jụụ ma kpọọ nkụ nke na-ekpo ọkụ, oge mmiri ozuzo na-adịte aka, mmiri ozuzo na-ezokwa nke ọma ruo n'ókè dị elu kwa afọ. Oge ọkọchị na-enwe okpomọkụ na mbara igwe doro anya, nke a na-ahụkarị n'ime ime obodo Ondo.

## Edensibia
Liliane Karnouk

**Liliane Karnouk** (amụrụ na 12 Nọvemba 1944)  bụ onye Ijipt-Canada   onye omenkà na onye edemede  nke bi na Vancouver, Canada. 

## Akụkọ Ndụ
A mụrụ Karnouk na Cairo, Ijipt.  Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Academy of Fine Arts na Rome, Itali,  Université du Quebec à Montreal, Canada,  na Mahadum British Columbia, Canada  ebe o nwetara akara ugo mmụta MA na nka na nkwukọrịta (1971).  Ọ bụ ezie na Karnouk bi na Vancouver, a na-egosi nka ya na Canada, Egypt,  Germany, Italy, France na United States.  Mgbe ọ laghachiri Ijipt nwa oge na 1980, Karnouk hiwere mmemme nka na Mahadum America dị na Cairo, Egypt. 

## Ihe ndabere
Karnouk bụ onye Armenian na onye Lebanọn na-asụ French,  tolitere n'ọkwa etiti na Cairo dịka ọkpara n'ime ụmụnne atọ. 

## Ọrụ nka
Ihe osise na ihe owuwu Karnouk ji ọtụtụ usoro ndị na-abụghị nke ọdịnala, gụnyere igwe mgbasa ozi na ihe osise dị iche iche n'akwụkwọ ya nke afọ 1981 bụ "Untitled".  O jikwa macropropagation  mee ihe ngosi ya nke afọ 1994 bụ "Time Machine" na British Museum na London, England,  na-etinye ihe mgbochi ili ozu gburugburu nnukwu ihe mkpuchi granite nke Nesisut   yana ọkpọkọ nnwale nke osisi macropropagated ndị a kwụgidere n'akụkụ ihe mgbochi.  National Gallery of Canada nyere ya ohere inweta agụmakwụkwọ na nka na sayensị  (1996) maka ọrụ ya bụ "Time Machine". 

## Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara

* *Obodo Liminal: Akwụkwọ akụkọ* (2018) 
* *Weebụ Shatranj* (2013) 
* *Nka nke oge a nke ndị Ijipt: 1910–2003* (2005) 
* *Nka nke oge a nke ndị Ijipt* (1995) 

## Ntụaka

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Caleb Olaniyan

**Caleb Olaniyan** bụ Onye Naijiria bụ ọkammụta na ngalaba ọmụmụ ụmụ anụmanụ na onye bụbu onye isi oche nke Nigerian Academy of Science. 

N'afọ 1989, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche nke Nigerian Academy of Science iji nọchie Prọfesọ Ifedayo Oladapo.

## Edensibịa

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Philomena Obiageliuwa Uyanwah

**Philomena Obiageliuwa Uyanwah** nke a maara dị ka Dr. Philomena (Maachị 28, 1938 - Ọktoba 23, 2019) bụ dọkịta Naijiria bụ onye isi ahụike na Biafra n'oge Agha obodo na Naịjirịa. Ọ bụ onye òtù Royal College of Obstetricians na Gynaecologists na onye ndụmọdụ nye World Health Organization.

## Ndụ
A mụrụ Uyanwah n'Enugu n'afọ 1938. Nne na nna ya bụ Martha Nnonye na Patrick Uyanwah. Ọ bụ naanị nwa nne na nna ya dị ndụ. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ na Naijiria tupu ọ gụọ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Aberdeen, gụsịa n'afọ 1964. Na ngwụcha afọ 1960, agha obodo n'ime Naịjirịa malitere site na mpaghara Naịjirị a na-akpọ Biafra na-anwa ịmepụta mba nke onwe ha. Ndị Biafra bụ ndị Igbo. Agha ahụ kwụsịrị na nnọchibido na oke agụụ. Mmetụta ọrụ Uyanwah weghachiri ya na Naijiria na Biafra ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi ndị ọrụ ahụike. Ya na nwa ya nwoke laghachịrị Scotland n'afọ 1969 n'ihi paspọtụ Red Cross.

Ọ nwetara nzere ọkankuzi (MD) ya na Mahadum Manchester n'okpuru Prọfesọ FA Langley . 

N'afọ 1977 Mahadum Aberdeen bipụtara ọrụ ya, The ABH Isoantigens in Cervical Malignancy .  N'afọ 1978, e bu n'uche ka ọ nweta nzere ọkankuzi site na Mahadum Aberdeen mana o nweghị ike ime nke ahụ.

Ọ ghọrọ onye òtù Royal College of Obstetricians na Gynaecologists na onye ndụmọdụ nye World Health Organization na Ọrịa kansa akpa nwa.

N'afọ 1992, ọ nọ na-arụ ọrụ na Abu Dhabi. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ n'oge a na King Faisal Military Hospital na Saudi Arabia, na Qatar, na n'ikpeazụ na Muscat na Oman.

Uyanwah nwụrụ n'ụlọ ya na Baker Street na London mgbe ọ dara ọrịa mkpọnwụ ahụ ihe karịrị afọ iri abụọ na atọ tupu mgbe ahụ na Sultan Qaboos Hospital Salalah na Oman. Ọ na-eme njem nlegharị anya ndị ahụ na-adịghị ya mgbe o mere, a  ma zighachị ya na UK ebe ọ nọrọ ọnwa itoolu na-agbake na Royal Devonshire Hospital. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ ka na-erughị eru ịrụ ọrụ ma malite afọ iri abụọ na atọ nke nnwere onwe n'ụlọ ya.

## Edensibịa
Isobel Agnes Arbuthnot

b 

**Isobel Agnes Arbuthnot** (1870-1963) bụ onye ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ahịhịa na ihe ndị na-anakọta ihe ọkụkụ nke a mụrụ na Ireland, onye bi na mba South Africa.

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Arbuthnot na Belfast n'afọ 1870 wee gaa Cape Colony n'afọ 1888 maka ahụike ya ebe ọ nọ n'ọkwa dịka onye enyi nwunye Harry Bolus. N'ebe ahụ, ọ rụkwara ọrụ dịka onye na-anakọta ihe ọkụkụ na onye enyemaka ihe ọkụkụ na njem Bolus. Site n'afọ 1918 ruo afọ 1939, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Bolus Herbarium tupu ọ kwaga Compton Herbarium, nke dị na Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden.

Ọ nwụrụ na mba Newlands, Cape Provence, South Africa n'afọ 1963.

A na-akpọ osisi Lampranthus arbuthnotiae, nke na-atọ ụtọ, aha ya.

## Edemsibịa
Akintunde Akinwande

**Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande**  bụ onye injinia America  prọfesọ na Ngalaba Injinia Eletrik na Sayensị Kọmputa nke Massachusetts Institute of Technology .  A họpụtara ya dị ka onyeisi oche nke Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission, NERC, o kwukwara na ọ ga-asọpụrụ nhọpụta ya ozugbo ọ nwetara ikike n'aka ndị were ya n'ọrụ.

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Akintunde na Offa na Kwara Steeti . Ọ gara akwụkwọ na Government College, Ibadan. O nwetara akara ugo mmụta B.Sc. (1978), M.Sc. (1981) na injinia eletriki na eletrọniki na Mahadum Obafemi Awolowo dị na Ile-Ife na Ph.D. (1986) na injinia eletriki na Mahadum Stanford, California. 

## Nkà mmụta na ọrụ
Akinwande malitere ọrụ dịka ọkà mmụta sayensị na Honeywell Inc. Technology Center dị na Bloomington, Minnesota na 1986, na mbụ ọ na-eme nnyocha na teknụzụ Gas Complementary FET maka nhazi mgbaama dị oke ọsọ na obere ike.. Ọ ghọrọ osote prọfesọ na Ngalaba Injinịa Eletriki na Sayensị Kọmputa na Microsystems Technology Laboratories (MTL) na Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) na Jenụwarị 1995, na-eme nnyocha na sensọ nrụgide, accelerometers, ngwaọrụ mwepụta ihe nkiri dị gịrịgịrị na ngosipụta, micro-emepụta ihe na ngwaọrụ eletrọniki na-elekwasị anya karịsịa na sensọ smart na actuators, ngosipụta smart, nnukwu eletrọniki mpaghara (macro-electronics) na ngwaọrụ ionization ubi, mass spectrometry na propulsion eletriki. Ọ mepụtara Field Emitter Arrays nke dị nro maka RF Micro-Triode Power Amplifiers na Flat Panel Displays, na-egosi na enwere ike iji akụkụ nke ihe nkiri dị nro.

Nnyocha ya na-elekwasịkwa anya na:

* Microstructures na nano-structures maka sensọ na actuators, na vacuum microelectronics.
* Ngwaọrụ maka ngwá electronic buru ibu na ngosipụta panel dị larịị
* transistors metal oxide e ji ede ihe n'ụzọ lithographic mee maka ngwá electronic buru ibueletrọniki
* Ihe owuwu mepere emepe nke dabeere na CNT ionizer mass spectrometry buru ibu
* Nnyocha uto nke SWNTs n'ime ụgbọelu na n'èzí ụgbọelu maka Ngwaọrụ eletrọn
* CNT FEAs dị elu na Si Pillars
* Batch-fabricated linear quadrupole mass filters

* Nzukọ Nnyocha Ngwaọrụ,
* Nzukọ Electron International,
* Nzukọ International Solid-State Circuits,
* Nzukọ Nnyocha Ngosipụta Mba Nile
* Nzukọ International Vacuum Microelectronics.

## Ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ na ndị otu

* Prọfesọ nleta na Ngalaba Injinịa Mahadum Cambridge 
* Onye mba ọzọ nke Churchill College site na 2002 ruo 2003. 
* Onye otu IEEE Nanotechnology Council. 

## Nsọpụrụ na onyinye

* Onyinye Sweatt Onyinye Nkà na Ụzụ Honeywell (1989) 
* National Science Foundation (NSF) Ọrụ Award. (1996)
* Klas ibe nke 2008 IEEE 

## Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara
O dere ihe karịrị 100 akwụkwọ akụkọ na mbipụta.

## Patent

* Ọtụtụ ikike ikike na MEMS, Electronics on Flexible Substrates, Display. 
* Otu ojiji, microvalve na-adịgide adịgide.
* Diaphragm phased field emitter na backfilling usoro maka ịmepụta microstructure.
* Onye ọ bụla gbanwere usoro ikuku. 
* Ngwaọrụ na-emepụta ihe.    

## Edemsibia

## Njikọ mpụga

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Chinedu Oguejiofo Okoye

**Chinedu Oguejiofo Okoye** (C.O. Okoye) bụ ọkammụta nke nhazi obodo mepere emepe na njikwa gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọ bụ onye isi nọ ugbu a, na Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Mahadum Nnamdi Azikiwe, Awka, steeti Anambra, Naijiria.  Ọ bụ ọkachamara na Housing Studies, Environmental Impact Assessment Studies, Urban Environmental Studies, Infrastructure facilities studies na Waste Management Studies.

## Ndụ Mbido na Agụmakwụkwọ
Enweghị nkọwa zuru ezu banyere mmalite ndụ Prọfesọ Okoye, ebe a mụrụ ya nakwa afọ ọ malitere na profaịlụ agụmakwụkwọ, nke na-egosi na ọ na-elekwasị anya na ímé ntinye ọkachamara ya.

Ọ nwetara nzere B.Sc. na M.Sc. na Urban and Regional Planning, nke nzere Ph.D. na Environmental Management sochiri, site na UNIZIK na / ma ọ bụ mahadum Naijiria ndị metụtara ya.

## Edensibịa

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ịchụghachị ndị mbịarambịa West Africa si Naịjịrịa gaa ala ha n'ike

Ịchụghachị ndị mbịarambịa West Africa si Naịjirịa mere ozugbo e tìrì iwu nchịkwa nke Jenụwarị 1983 sitere n'aka Onye isi ala Shehu Shagari, nke manyere ndị mbịarambịa iwu na-akwadoghị ịhapụ mba ahụ ma ọ bụ akpọchie ha. N'ihi iwu Shagari nyere, a chụpụrụ ihe karịrị nde mmadụ abụọ, gụnyere otu ndè ndị Ghana.&nbsp;

## Akụkọ ka O Si Mee
Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị mbịarambịa ndị ahụ ka a dọtara mmasị ha na Naịjirịa n'ihi ọganihu mmanụ nke afọ 1970, mana ka ọ na-erule afọ 1983, akụ na ụba adịghịzi ike. Iwu Shagari ahụ bụ nzaghachi a na-ebo ebubo na ọ bụ maka ọgba aghara okpukpe nke jupụtara n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke mba ahụ n'afọ 1980 (nke a maara dị ka Kano Riots) nakwa afọ 1981.  Tupu afọ 1983, a chụpụrụ ndị mbịarambịa ọtụtụ ugboro na West Africa n'ihi ihe dị iche iche. Ndị a gụnyere nchụpụ Ghana chụpụrụ  ndị Naijiria n'afọ 1954 na n'afọ 1969 na nchụpụ Togo chụpụrụ ụmụ amaala si Côte d'Ivoire, Dahomey, na Naijiria n'afọ 1958.

### Ọnọdụ E Nyere ndị Mbịarambịa
Ụzọ bụ isi e si aga Ghana bụ site n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, na-agafe Benin na Togo. N'ihi mgbalị a nwara iwere ọchịchị n'ike n'afọ gara aga, Onye isi ala Ghana, Jerry Rawlings, mechiri ụzọ isi gafee ala na Togo, nakwa iji zere mbata mberede nke ndị laghachiri, Togo mechikwara ókèala ya na Benin. Ya mere, ozugbo ndị mbịarambịa rutere Benin, a machibidoro ụzọ ha si apụ ma manye ha ịnọ n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Cotonou, oche gọọmentị nke mba ahụ, na-anwa ịchọta ụgbọ mmiri na-aga Ghana. Mgbe ha tọrọ atọ ihe karịrị otu izu, Ghana meghere ókèala ya, na-eme ka Togo mee kwa otu ihe ahụ ka ndị Ghana nwee ike ịlaghachi n'ụlọ.

## Ihe Ncheta

### Akpa "Ghana Must Go"
Ụdị akpa na-adịghị okè ọnụ nke eji naịlọn akpara àkpà ka úté mee, nke ndị mbịarambịa na-eji ebu ihe ha, nwetara aha "Ghana Must Go" n'oge ọpụpụ ndị mbịarambịa ahụ. Ruokwa ebe afọ 2019, a ka na-akpọkwa akpa ahụ aha a n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke Naijiria, Ghana, na akụkụ ụfọdụ nke West Africa. N'afọ 2020, onye Naijiria na-ese foto bi na New York bụ Obinna Obioma jiri akpa ndị ahụ mee uwe na ihe ndị ọzọ na ihe ngosi banyere nkwagarị nke akpọrọ *Anyi N'Aga* n'asụsụ Igbo. 

N'ụwa niile, akpa ahụ nwere aha ndị ọzọ dịgasị iche iche na-ejikọta ya na ndị mbịarambịa. Na Germany a na-akpọ ya "Türkenkoffer" (akpa ndị Turkey), na US, "Chinatown tote", na Guyana, "Guyanese Samsonite", na n'ebe ndị ọzọ dị iche iche, "Akpa ndị ọgbọsọ agha".

### Mmetụta na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke oge a
Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti Naịjirịa na Ghana adịkwuola mma kemgbe ihe ndị ahụ mere n'afọ 1983. 

## Hụkwa

* Ghana Must Go (akwụkwọ akụkọ) 

## Edensibịa
Ogbugbu nke ndị mmadụ na Mambila

Mambila massacre bụ ogbugbu a kọrọ na 2017 nke Ndị na-azụ atụrụ Fulani na Mambila Plateau, Naịjirịa. 

A na-arụ ụka gbasara ọdịdị nke ogbugbu ahụ, ụfọdụ ndị nọọrọ onwe ha kọrọ maka ya (na-abụghị ndị bi n'obodo ahụ) dị, ihe yiri ya, ebe a na-ebo ọchịchị Buhari ebubo na o lefeere akụkọ ya anya, maọbụ n'aka nke ọzọ, o tinyeghi anya na ihe ahụ mere ofụma ka o si kwesị, e nwere ike bụrụ n'ihi ọnọdụ adịghị adịkewe nke mwakpo ndị ahụ (ndị na-azụ nama ka a na-ebokarị ebubo igbu ndị mmadụ).

Nke sochiri nke a bụ obere ime ihe ike mere ọnwa ole na ole ka e mesịrị.

## Edensibịa

* 
Otú:Ȯra Taraba
Netwọk Nkwado Ikike na Ndozi Ụmụaka (Child's Right and Rehabilitation Network)

**Child's Right and Rehabilitation Network (CRARN) ** bụ Òtù ọrụ ebere nke dị na steeti Akwa Ibom, Naijiria, nke na-arụ ọrụ iji chebe ikike ụmụntakịrị.

The Child Rights and Rehabilitation Network (CRARN) malitere ọrụ site na obere ìgwè ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo n'afọ 2003 iji chebe ụmụaka ole na ole a na-ebo ebubo na ha nwere ike amoosu dị ka akụkụ nke ịchụ nta amoosu na IL aime les crarambar  ha, nke mere na ọtụtụ narị mmadụ nwụrụ n'ime ọnwa abụọ. Ugbu a, ọ nwere ihe karịrị otu narị na iri ise n'ụlọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ a na-anọ nwa oge. Ndị nọ ebe ahụ na-agbasi mbọ ike inye ụmụaka ndị ahụ nri na uwe, ebe ụmụaka n'onwe ha ka o doro anya na ndị mụrụ ha ajụla ha. Ọrụ ebere ahụ nwere ihe onwunwe ole na ole ma na-agba mbọ ịganiihu.

Ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo na-achịkwa nzukọ ahụ kpamkpam n'ego sitere na ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị, ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche. A na-eji ego a enye nri ma kụziere ihe karịrị ụmụaka narị abụọ ihe na CRARN Children Centre na ịzọta ikike ruuru ụmụaka ndị a.

## Edensibịa
Inweta Ikpe Ziri Ezi (Access to Justice)

**Access to Justice (AJ)** bụ òtù na-ahụ maka Ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na Naịjirịa nke dị na Lagos. Dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ha si kwuo, "ọ bụ òtù na-akwado ikpe ziri ezi na-arụ ọrụ iji chebe ikike nke inweta ohere n'ụzọ dị nhatanha na nke na-enweghị ịkpa ókè n'ụlọ ikpe gasị, gbasaa inweta ohere nke ndị a na-akpapụ n'akụkụ inweta ikpe ziri ezi dị nhatanha na nke na-adịghị eke anya n'iru, lụso nrụrụ aka dị na nchịkwa na inye ikpe ziri ezi، ịkwado ịlụso ọgụ iwu kwadoro maka nkwanye ùgwù dịịrị mmadụ ma gbasaa ihe onwunwe iwu kwadoro nke na-enye aka iru ebumnuche ndị a".  Bụ nke e hiwere n'afọ 1999, AJ na-achụso ebumnuche ha site na mmemme atọ metụtara ya: Ikpe na Nnwere Onwe; Usoro Nnweta Iwu; na Usoro Nnweta Ihe onwunwe Iwu. Ha na-ebipụta akwụkwọ, akwụkwọ akụkọ, na akwụkwọ nkọwa isiokwu dị iche iche iji kwado ọrụ ha.

## Ndị Ha na Ha Na-ejikọ aka n'ọrụ
Access to Justice na-ejikọtaala aka ugboro ugboro ha na òtù ndị ọzọ na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ n'ịchụso okwu ụfọdụ. Na Jun 2010, Access to Justice sonyeere Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, na ọtụtụ òtù ndị ọzọ na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na Naijiria n'ịkpọ gọọmentị steeti ka ha ghara ịmaliteghachi igbu ndị mkpọrọ. N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2009, ha sonyeere Amnesty International na ọtụtụ ndị NGO ndị ọzọ dị n'Afrịka n'inye nkwupụta, na-akpọ gọọmentị Sudan "ka ha kwụsị ịkpasu ndị na-agbachitere ikike mmadụ egwu na ndị ọrụ nke mba na mba ụwa na ndị na-ahụ maka ikike mmadụ".

## Ihe Nrite na Nkwanye Ùgwù
Access to Justice bụ otu n'ime ndị mmeri nke 2009 MacArthur Award for Creative & Effective Institutions. A na-enye onyinye a nye obere ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-eweta ụzọ ọhụrụ iji gboo nsogbu ndị na-adịte aka. Ihe nrite nke MacArthur Foundation bụ iji kwado oh ọrụ Access to Justice iji mee ka usoro ndị na-eme nchọpụta dịghachi ndụ ọzọ na usoro iwu Naijiria, na-enyocha ọnwụ ndị a na-enyo enyo.

Access to Justice bụkwa onye mmeri nke 2010 Gani Fawehinmi prize maka Ikike ndị mmadụ na inweta ikpe ziri ezi ọhaneze. Òtù ndị ọka iwu Naịjirịa, bụ ndị kwadoro ihe nrite ahụ, toro Access to Justice maka inye nnọchiteanya iwu, yana maka ikpe na ọrụ nkwado ha.

## Hụkwa

* Ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na Naịjirịa

## Edensibịa

## Njikọ mpụga

* Official website
Berkane

thumb|Berkane.
**Berkane** (n’asụsụ Arabik: بركان) bụ obodo dị na ọwụwa anyanwụ Morocco, n’ime Mpaghara Oriental. Ọ bụ isi obodo Ógbè Berkane ma mara ama nke ukwuu n’ọrụ ugbo, karịsịa mmepụta oroma Clementine.    

## Lee kwa

* Morocco
Ilorin Emirate Durbar

**Ilorin Emirate Durbar**  bụ mmemme a na-eme kwa afọ na Ilorin na-esochi emume ndị Alakụba nke Eid al-Adha .

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Ilorin Durbar nwere mgbọrọgwụ na 1830s. E hiwere ya dịka ụzọ iji cheta mmeri ndị agha Ilorin meriri ndị agha jikọtara ọnụ nke alaeze ukwu Oyo na ndị Bariba. Emir Sulu Gambari weghachiri emume a n'afọ 2018.

## Edensibia
Ememme Opobo Nwaotam

**Ememme Opobo Nwaotam** bụ mmemme omenaala nke ndị ala eze Opobo na-emekarị iji mee ka ndị ọbịa na ndị obodo dị n'otu. A na-eme mmemme Opobo Nwaotam kwa ụbọchị iri abụọ na ise nke ọnwa Disemba ma ewezuga ụbọchị Sọnde nke ụbọchị ahụ. Ememme omenala a gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ n'ihe nketa nke ndị Ibani.   ememe omenala a na-egwuri n'elu ụlọ nke ụlọ ahụ n'agbanyeghị otú ụlọ ahụ si dị elu.  

## Mmalite
**Ememme Opobo Nwaotam**. nwere ike ị nweta azụ na Ndoki na steeti Abia. Ndị Ndoki enweela mmekọrịta ogologo oge na ndị Ibani ndị Bonny na ndị Opobo.

## Edensibia
Ememme Atakpo

**Ememme Atakpo  bụ mmemme kwa afọ nke ndị Akwa-Ibom na-eme kpọmkwem nke ndị Uruan na-eme maka nsọpụrụ chi ha. Ebumnuche nke ememe a bụ iji mee ka mmụba nke ihe nketa omenala ndị Uruan sikwuo ike. A na-ahazi mmemme a kwa afọ na mpaghara Uruan, otu n'ime gọọmentị ime obodo na steeti Akwa-Ibom, Naijiria**       

## Edensibia


Otú:Ȯra Akwa Ibom
Ememme Ikorodu Oga

Ememme**[[Ikorodu]] Oga**  bụ mmemme omenala a na-eme kwa afọ na Ikorodu, obodo dị na Lagos State, Nigeria. E hiwere mmemme a n’afọ 1992 n’okpuru ọchịchị Asiwaju B. O. Benson (SAN), bụ emume dị ịrịba ama na kalenda omenala obodo, nke gosipụtara ọmarịcha ihe nketa na ọdịnala ndị Ikorodu.   Ọzọkwa, ọ bụ mmemme akacha abịa n'ime mmemme n'Ikorodu .

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Ememme Ọga nke Ikorodu malitere na akụkọ obodo, malitere na narị afọ nke 16 mgbe Ikorodu bụ nnukwu ebe azụmaahịa. Ememme a ga-ebido na Woro Carnival, Oga Social Night ga-esochi ya. Ihe omume ndị ọzọ akwadoro maka izu ememme ahụ gụnyere nyocha ahụike nke ọma, egwu egwu na ihe nkiri, na ụbọchị nnọkọ ụmụ amaala. Ihe omume ndị a ga-ejedebe na nnukwu asọmpi na Satọde, Nọvemba 19, nke a ga-eme na Pavilion Palace Ayangburen, bụ akara njedebe nke ememe ahụ. 

## Ememe
Ememme Ikorodu Oga bụ nke a na-eme n’ime ụbọchị asaa, na-egosipụtakwa ọtụtụ ihe omume, gụnyere mmemme ọdịnala na-egosi ndị na-agba egwu ọdịnala, ndị na-egwu egwu, na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri. Ihe ngosi omenala gụnyekwara egwu, ịgba egwu na ihe ngosi ihe nkiri na-egosi ọmarịcha omenala obodo.

## Di mkpa
Ememme Ikorodu Oga dị mkpa maka ọtụtụ ihe kpatara ya.

karịsịa, ichekwa omenala, uru akụ na ụba, iwu obodo. 

## Edensibia
Ememme Odun-Osu

**Ememme Odun-Osu**  bụ mmemme ọdịnala nke a na-eme kwa afọ na Ikorodu, Lagos State, Naijiria. Ọ bụ mmemme ọdịnala mbụ n'afọ n'obodo ahụ, bụ nke malitere mmemme ọdịnala ndị ọzọ. A na-ewere mmemme a dị ka emume eze ma bụrụ ndị Ayangburen nke Ikorodu bụ eze ọdịnala obodo ahụ na-eduzi n'ọnwa Maachị.

## Akụkọ na ndabere
Ememme Odun-Osu na-ewere ọnọdụ kwa afọ ka ngwụcha oge ọkọchị, obere oge tupu mmiri ozuzo mbụ. Ọ bụ emume eze, gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ n'omenala obodo Ikorodu, na nsonye sitere na ọgbakọ ọdịnala kachasị elu, The Rogunyo.

Onye webatara mmemme a site n'aka Oba Kaallu Ekewaolu, eze nke anọ nke ala eze Ikorodu, onye ji utu aha Adegboruwa nke atọ.  Ọbụghị naanị na Oba Ekewaolu hiwere mmemme ahụ kamakwa o debere usoro eji eme mmemme ya. 

## Ememe mmemme
A na-akpọ ịgbà Rogunyo n'oge mmemme iji cheta mmeri e meriri n'agha Egba oge ochie. Mgbe nke a gasịrị, ndị Odis bụ ndị na-elekọta oche eze na-akpọ Kekeku (shea turtle sea).  Ememe emume ahụ mechiri na Oba na-akwụ ndị bu ya ụzọ ụtụ na ịkpọsa ngọzi nke ọganihu n'ala ahụ.

Isiokwu egwu nke mmemme Odun-Osu na-egosipụta ezi ebumnuche nke mmemme ahụ: "Wa lowo, wa bima odun tonbo...". Abụ a bụ ekpere maka akụ na ụba na ọmụmụ maka ndị niile sonyere.

## Hukwa

* Obí Oba Ayangbure 
* Ndepụta mmemme omenala n'Ikorodu

## Edensibia
John Ataguba

Prọfesọ John E. Ataguba bụ ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara akụnụba ahụike na Naịjirịa, na-eje ozi dịka onye isi nchịkwa nke African Health Economics and Policy Association. Ọ bụkwa onyeisi nyocha Canada na akụnụba ahụike na Mahadum Manitoba. Ọ bụkwa onye guzobere otu Global Council on Inequality, AIDS and Pandemics. Na mbụ, ọ bụ onyeisi nyocha South Africa na Health and Akụnụba (2018–2020), prọfesọ zuru oke na onye isi nke ngalaba akụnụba ahụike na Mahadum Cape Town, South Africa. Ọrụ ya lekwasịrị anya karịsịa na ego ahụike, nha nhata, na mkpuchi ahụike zuru ụwa ọnụ (UHC), ọkachasị na mba ndị nwere obere ego na etiti na Africa.

## Nnyocha
Nnyocha ya na-enyocha otu esi enweta ego na usoro ahụike, na-amụ atụmatụ mkpuchi ahụike, gụnyere mkpuchi ahụ ike ọha na eze na ego ụtụ isi, na otu ha si emetụta ịnweta nlekọta. Isi okwu n'ọrụ ya bụ ikpe ziri ezi - ma a na-echebe ndị ogbenye na ndị na-adịghị ike pụọ na nsogbu ego mgbe ha chọrọ ọrụ ahụike. O bipụtara nnyocha nwere mmetụta na mmefu ahụike ọdachi karịsịa - mgbe mmefu ahụ ike na-eme ka ndị mmadụ daa ogbenye.

## Ihe a ma ama
Ataguba so n'etiti ndị ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ahụike n'Afrịka. A matala ya n'ọtụtụ mba na mpaghara ahụ na n'ụwa niile.
### Saụt Afrịka
Ọ bụ onye mmeri nke TW Kambule-NSTF award,   nke a maara dị ka "Science Oscars" nke South Africa.  O bipụtara nyocha zuru oke mbụ nke enweghị nhata ahụike na South Africa, na-egosi na ndị ogbenye na-ata ahụhụ n'ụzọ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị na mba ahụ.

### Naịjirịa
Ataguba si Nigieria ma bụrụkwa onye isi na ego ahụike na mba ahụ. N'afọ 2025, Ataguba keere òkè dị mkpa na mgbalị dị elu iji mepụta echiche ndị ọzọ iji kwe ka usoro ahụike nke mba ahụ pụọ na ịdabere na ịkwụ ụgwọ ndị ọrịa, nke ataguba kọwara dị ka ihe na-adịghị adịgide adịgide na nke na-ezighị ezi. Gọọmentị gwara Ataguba ka o nyere aka kpọọ National Health Financing Policy Dialogue site na Health Insurance Authority.

### N'ụwa nile
A họpụtara Ataguba ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa nke African Health Economics and Policy Association, òtù ndị ọkachamara maka ndị na-ahụ maka ahụike na ndị na-eme iwu n'Africa, ọrụ nke na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-ebute ụzọ na akụ na ụba ahụike na kọntinent ahụ.

N'afọ 2020, a kpọrọ Prọfesọ Ataguba ka ọ gwa ndị Minista Ahụike G20 na South Africa okwu na Universal Health Coverage n'akụkụ onye nrite Nobel Joseph Stiglitz.

Ọ bụ onye Mellon-Mandela fellow na Mahadum Harvard.

N'afọ 2022, Canada gbasaa ego ya iji kwado nyocha na mba ahụ ma kwupụta C $ 151 nde iji kwado oche nyocha ọhụrụ nke Canada gafee mba ahụ. A natara Ataguba na Mahadum nke Cape Town ka ọ were otu n'ime ọkwa ndị a.

## Edemsibia

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Abdulkadir Meyere

Abdulkadir Muazu Meyere (amụrụ n'afọ 1960) bụ dọkịta Naịjirịa, onye ọrụ gọọmentị, na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ ihe karịrị afọ iri atọ na Federal Public Service, na-arụ ọrụ dị elu n'ọtụtụ ministri, ma na Ọktoba 2023, a họpụtara ya dịka odeakwụkwọ nke gọọmentị steeti Kaduna State.

## Ọrụ
Meyere malitere ọrụ ya na Federal Public Service dị ka onye ọrụ ahụike nke abụọ. O mechara gaa n'ihu site na ọrụ dị iche iche ma, na 2011, ọ ghọrọ onye nduzi nke ọgwụ egwuregwu na Federal Ministry of Youth and Sports. N'afọ 2017, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ na-adịgide adịgide nke gọọmentị etiti. N'oge ọ nọ n'ọkwa, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ngalaba gụnyere Federal Ministry of Mines and Steel Development na Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, tupu ọ laa ezumike nká na ọrụ gọọmentị etiti.

Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị ọrụ gọọmentị etiti, Meyere rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye ndụmọdụ mba dị elu na Òtù Nri na Ọrụ Ugbo nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu na "Mmepụta Aka na Naịjirịa". Mmemme a gụnyere mmekorita ya na ministri gọọmentị etiti, ụlọ ọrụ, na steeti ahọpụtara iji kwalite Ebumnuche Mmepe Na-adịgide Adịgide nke 1 na nke 2.

N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2023, Gọvanọ Uba Sani họpụtara ya odeakwụkwọ nke Gọọmentị Steeti nke Kaduna, na-anọchi Balarabe Abbas Lawal.

## Edemsibia

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Salihu Bakari Girei

**Salihu Bakari Girei** (amụrụ na Septemba 5, 1971) bụ ọkachamara n'agụmakwụkwọ na Naịjirịa, onye nchịkwa agụmakwụkwọ, na onye ọrụ ọha. Ọ bụ onyeisi nyocha na mmepe na Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund) na onye otu nke Nigerian Academy of Education**.**

Girei nwere ọkwa ndị kansụl na gọọmentị Adamawa Steeti, na-eje ozi dị ka Kọmishọna maka Mmekọrịta Gọọmentị Obodo na Kọmishọna Maka Agụmakwụkwọ Kasị Elu.

## Mmụta
Girei nwetara nzere bachelọ nke nka na agụmakwụkwọ na Mahadum Maiduguri n'afọ 1992. O nwetara Master of Education (M.Ed.) na Sociology of Education na Mahadum Jos na 1997.  O mechara gaa Mahadum Sussex na United Kingdom dị ka onye British Chevening Scholar, ebe ọ nwetara MA na International Education (1998).  N'afọ 2004, ọ gụsịrị Ph.D. na Education Policy, Equity, na Gender na Mahadum Sussex n'okpuru Commonwealth Scholarship . 

## Ọrụ

### Nkà mmụta na nyocha

## Ọrụ
Na 2010, Bakari nwetara nlebara anya mba niile maka mgbanwe ya dịka Onyeisi oche nke Adamawa State Universal Basic Education Board (ADSUBEB). N'oge ọchịchị ya, a na-enye ya otuto maka itinye nnukwu ego na mmepe ọbá akwụkwọ na inweta ihe nrite "Kachasị Mma SUBEB" maka steeti ahụ..

### Ọrụ ọha na eze
N'afọ 2008, a họpụtara Girei dịka onye isi oche nke Adamawa State Universal Basic Education Board (ADSUBEB). N'oge ọ nọ n'ọkwa, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ lekọtara mmezigharị ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị na steeti ahụ. Akụkọ nke afọ 2012 nke Daily Trust kwuru na mbọ gọọmentị ya na-agba iji belata ọnụ ọgụgụ "ụlọ akwụkwọ dị n'okpuru osisi" ma melite akụrụngwa klas.

Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Kọmishọna Steeti Adamawa maka Mmekọrịta Gọọmentị Obodo site na 2012 ruo 2014. N'oge a, ọ na-etinye aka na nchịkwa nke nlekọta kansụl mpaghara na nkwekọrịta iwu. 

Kemgbe afọ 2020, Girei bụ onye nduzi nyocha na mmepe (R&D) na TETFund.  N'ọrụ a, ọ na-ahazi National Research Fund (NRF), nke na-enye onyinye maka nyocha agụmakwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ tertiary nke Naijiria.

## Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ

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## Edemsibia

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ