Mary E. Sweeney

**Mary E. Sweeney** (Ọktoba 11, 1879 - June 11, 1968) bụ onye ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara akụ na ụba ụlọ bụ onye isi nke ngalaba akụ na ụba obodo nke United States Food Administration n'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ. Sweeney bụ onye isi oche nke American Home Economics Association . 

Amụrụ na Lexington, Kentucky na Ọktoba  11, 1879, nye Dr. W. O. Sweeney na Margaret Prewitt Sweeney, Mary E. Sweeney gara Mahadum Transylvania, bụ ebe ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ ya na 1899. O nwetara nzere Master of Science na Mahadum Kentucky.  , na nzere masters ọzọ na 1912 site na Mahadum Columbia.

## Mmalite nke ọrụ akụ na ụba ụlọ
Mgbe Iwu Morrill gafere na 1862, "ọrụ nka" ghọrọ usoro mgbanwe dị mkpa maka US, na-enye ohere dị ukwuu maka agụmakwụkwọ nke ruo n'oge ahụ lekwasịrị anya n'ịkwadebe ụmụ okorobịa maka ọrụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ. Ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị na-enye ala ji nwayọọ nwayọọ megheere ụmụ nwanyị ọnụ ụzọ ha na-atụ anya na ha ga-aka mma n'ịchịkwa ezinụlọ ha. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, ọmụmụ ihe na "sayensị ụlọ" ghọrọ ihe a ma ama. Na-ejikọta ya na mbọ ahụike ọha na eze na mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke Progressive Era, a na-akpọ usoro a na mgbanwe agụmakwụkwọ maka ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwanyị ime obodo akụ na ụba ụlọ. Ka ọ na-erule 1908, e guzobere American Home Economics Association site na usoro nzukọ kwa afọ na Lake Placid, New York. Nzukọ a gbara gọọmentị etiti na nke steeti ume ka ha mepụta nyocha akụ na ụba ụlọ na ohere nkuzi, ọkachasị na-elekwasị anya na mbụ na ọrụ mgbatị ọrụ ugbo. N'ime narị afọ nke iri abụọ, ndị na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba ụlọ nyere aka na arụmụka iwu gbasara ọdịmma ọha na eze, nri na-edozi ahụ, mmepe ụmụaka, ụlọ, nchedo na nkwado ndị ahịa, yana nhazi nke ngwaahịa ndị ahịa. Ntinye ha na nyocha sayensị na ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche na nkuzi agụmakwụkwọ, gụnyere ahụike ezinụlọ na akụ na ụba, keere òkè dị mkpa n'ịmepụta ịdị ọcha nke oge a, usoro nri na-edozi ahụ na usoro ọgwụgwọ sayensị maka ụmụaka.

## Ọrụ akụ na ụba n'ụlọ
Sweeney kụziri physics na chemistry na Campbell-Hagerman College tupu ọ bịa rụọ ọrụ na Mahadum Kentucky dị ka ọkachamara na mgbatị akụ na ụba ụlọ. Mgbe ọ rụchara ọrụ afọ ise n'ime ime obodo Kentucky ebe o webatara nri ehihie ụlọ akwụkwọ na-ekpo ọkụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ime obodo na ọmụmụ nri na ịkwa akwa n'ụlọ ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị na sekọndrị,  a kwalitere ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nke ngalaba Home Economics na College of Agriculture na 1913. Ọ bụ onye isi mbụ nke mahadum ọhụrụ College of Home Economics nke e hiwere na 1916. Sweeney dere na nzọụkwụ a n'ịkwaga ngalaba Economics Home n'ime kọleji dị iche bụ "nzọụkwụ kasị ukwuu na nke na-aga n'ihu nke e mere maka ọdịmma nke ụlọ akwụkwọ.  Ụmụ nwanyị Kentucky."  O chere na onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na kọleji ọhụrụ ahụ “ga-esokwa nwoke ahụ nwetara akara ugo mmụta ya na iwu ma ọ bụ ọgwụ.”  nke Agriculture na n'okpuru nduzi nke nwoke dean..

Na 1917, a họpụtara Sweeney ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche nke akụ na ụba ụlọ maka nchịkwa nri US na Washington DC ebe ọ zụrụ ụmụ amaala banyere inye nri n'oge agha.[1]  Ọ hapụrụ nwanne ya nwanyị Sunshine Sweeney na ọdịda nke 1917 ka ọ rụọ ọrụ dị ka ndị ọrụ ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na US Army na France na YMCA[2] na Army of Occupation na Germany.

N'afọ 1920, Sweeney hapụrụ ka ọ bụrụ Dean of Human Ecology na Michigan Agriculture College (nke bụzi Michigan State University),  ma n'otu afọ ahụ, a họpụtara ya dịka onye isi oche nke American Home Economics Association, nke Ellen Swallow Richards malitere na 1909. Ọ laghachiri na Mahadum Kentucky na 1923, mana na 1925 ọ hapụrụ ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche nke ngalaba Physical Growth and Development nke Merrill Palmer School (mgbe e mesịrị Institute) na Detroit, Michigan. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na American Red Cross na Detroit Public Schools iji melite nlekọta na nri na-edozi ahụ nke ụmụaka bi n'obodo ahụ, na-elekwasị anya na agụmakwụkwọ nke ụmụ agbọghọ na-eto eto ndị e zigara n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ma ọ bụ na-agụ akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ na-aga n'ihu. Ihe nlereanya maka ụlọ nyocha mmepe ụmụaka, mmemme nyocha na ihe nlereanya na-apụta na ụlọ ọrụ a mechara duga na mmepe nke ụkpụrụ mba maka mmemme isi mmalite gọọmentị etiti. Ka ọ na-erule 1928, Sweeney ghọrọ osote onye nduzi ma nata naanị nwa akwụkwọ ojii nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ, Ethel Childs Baker, n'oge onye nduzi guzobere ya, Edna Noble White, na-anọghị. N'ebe ahụ, Sweeney gara n'ihu n'ọrụ ya na nyocha, nkuzi na ide banyere nri na-edozi ahụ na mmepe ụmụaka ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na 1946.

N'afọ 1939, ọ nọrọ ọnwa atọ n'India mụọ omenala na ọchịchị.  Ọ natara aha ndị agha US maka obi ike n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ.  Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, Sweeney jere ozi dị ka Onye Nnọchiteanya North America na Mgbakọ Ndị Ozi Ala Ọzọ Mba Nile na Madras, India.  Nzukọ Ụmụ nwanyị India nile na Tata Institute of Social Sciences kpọrọ ya ka ọ laghachi India na 1948, na Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ọchịchị Mba nke United States kwadoro njem ya dị ka onye ndụmọdụ na mmekorita ya na Agricultural Missions, Inc. Na mgbakwunye.  , ọ rụrụ ọrụ na China dị ka onye ndụmọdụ maka ọdịmma ụmụaka.

Sweeney kụzikwaara na Mississippi Southern College, Hattiesburg.

N'afọ 1958, a gụrụ Mahadum Kentucky Home Management House na 644 Maxwelton Court aha Sweeney. Ụmụ nwanyị ndị agadi ga-ebi n'ụlọ ruo izu isii iji mụta otu esi eji ngwá ọrụ ọgbara ọhụrụ.

A kpọrọ Mary E. Sweeney aha na Hall of Distinguished Alumni na Mahadum Kentucky na Febụwarị 1965.

## Nzukọ
Sweeney bụ onye otu ma na-arụkarị ọrụ idu ndú n'ọtụtụ òtù ndị ọkachamara na ndị ọrụ ebere:

* American Academy of Political and Social Science
* American Association of University Women
* American Biochemical Society (onye isi oche nsọpụrụ) 
* American Chemical Society
* American Home Economics Association (President na Executive Secretary) 
* Kọmitii Omume Nri maka United States National Research Council
* Kappa Kappa Gamma
* Kentucky Federation of Women's Clubs
* Society for the Advancement of Science
* Society for Research in Child Development

## Ọrụ ndị e bipụtara

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## Ọnwụ
Mary E. Sweeney nwụrụ June 11, 1968, ma e wee lie ya na Lexington Cemetery[1] na Lexington, Kentucky.

## Hụkwa

* American Association of Family and Consumer Sciences
* Michigan State College
* Mahadum Kentucky

## Edensibia

Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations