Kathleen Innes

**FtKathleen Innes** (15 Jenụwarị 1883 na 27 Machị 1967) bụ onye Quaker nke Britain, onye nkuzi, onye edemede na onye na-ahụ maka udo, onye jere ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke isi ụlọ ọrụ mba ụwa maka Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) site n' afọ 1937 ruo n'afọ 1946.

## Oge ọ malitere
A mụrụ Kathleen Elizabeth Royds na ụbọchị iri na ise n'ọnwa Jenụwarị n'afọ 1883 na Reading, Berkshire, England [1] na Sarah Anne (née Spicer) na William Alexander Slater Royds.[2][3] Ezinụlọ ya bụ Quakers na[4] nna ya bụ dọkịta. Nna ya, Reverend Thomas Royds, bụ onye nnọchi anya [1] nke nna nna ya, Thomas Royds nke Greenhill, onye nwetara akụ na ụba ya site na ụlọ ọrụ owuwe ihe ubi Lancashire. [2] N'afọ 1895, ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara St Mary Bourne, obodo dị na Hampshire nke nwere mgbọrọgwụ Roman na Saxon, nke kpaliri mmasị ya na-eto eto n'akụkọ ihe mere eme. [3] Nne ya, Sarah, tinyere aka na ọrụ nke ụka na ụmụnne ya isii niile na-aga ozi mahadum. [3] Dị ka nwa nwanyị Royds nwere ọ na-agụsị akwụkwọ, na-agụrụ akwụkwọ, na mahadum, ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ mbụ ya.

## Ọrụ
Royds malitere ịkụzi na Wycombe House School na Brondesbury n'afọ 1910. N'ịchọ ịga n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ nke ya ma bụrụ onye a machibidoro inweta akara ugo mmụta n'ihi mmachi Cambridge na ụmụ nwanyị, ọ debanyere aha na Cresham College iji kwadebe maka ule nke Mahadum London. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị semester anọ, nke William Henry Hudson lekọtara, ọ nwetara diplọma chancellor na akwụkwọ site na Mahadum London ma dị ka onye na-ekwu okwu na klas ya natara ma Gilchrist Medal na Churton Collins Memorial Prize. [1] N'afọ 1911, o bipụtara akụkọ ndụ na nyocha dị oke egwu nke Samuel Taylor Coleridge, *Coleridge na* His Poetry. [2] N'afọ sochirinụ, o bipụtara ọgwụgwọ yiri nke Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Elizabeth Barrett, Elizabeth Barettett Browning & Her, onye na-enyere ya aka maka ọrụ Henry Hudson, onye nkuzi ya aka. Mgbe ọ ka na-arụ ọrụ ma na-ebipụta akwụkwọ, Royds gara n'ihu na ọmụmụ ihe ya na 1912, mgbe ọ nwesịrị ule awa iri atọ na isii na akwụkwọ na asụsụ Bekee na German, ọ nwetara nzere BA ya na klas nke abụọ na asụsụ nke oge a.

Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Royds malitere ịkụzi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị dị ka ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ụmụ nwanyị dị na Andover, Hampstead, Hendon, na Highfield, yana Jersey Ladies College. [1] [2] N'afọ 1914, mgbe ọ nọ ezumike na Germany, Agha Ụwa Mbụ malitere ma o siri ike gbapụ n'azụ ndị iro site na Denmark iji laghachi England na ọkwa ya na Wycombe School. O dere akwụkwọ akụkọ nke kọrọ nkọwa nke njem ya na ndị ọrụ ibe ya. N'afọ 1915, [1] Royds hapụrụ ọrụ nkuzi ya iji nyere aka n'iwepụ ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ Serbia. [2] Ya na ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo si n'ụlọ ọgwụ ụmụ nwanyị Scotland maka ọrụ mba ọzọ (SWH) na-aga Salonika, e were ya n'ọrụ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka iwu; Otú ọ dị, a kpọgara ya ngwa ngwa n'ọkwa onye ụkọchukwu n'ihi nkà ya na French na German. Ọ mụkwara asụsụ Serbian, bụrụ ihe dị oké mkpa na otu ya n'ihi ikike ya nwere ọtụtụ asụsụ, [1] na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-aga n'etiti ya na ndị ọrụ SWH na Serbian Relief Fund (SRF). [2]

Na ngwụcha afọ 1916, Royds kpebiri ịghara ịbanye na SWH. Kama nke ahụ, ya na SRF mere nkwekọrịta kpọmkwem ma zigara ya n'otu obere ogige ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ na Ucciani, [1] ebe ọ nọrọ ruo na ngwụcha afọ 1917. [2] O dere banyere ahụmịhe ya n'ịkwaga ndị Serbia na Corsica n'otu edemede, [3] Ya na ndị Serbia nọ na Corsica nke e bipụtara na mbụ na The Contemporary ma bipụtaghachi ya na Maclean's *Magazine* na Canada. [3] Ọrụ enyemaka ọzọ ọ sonyere na ya bụ nchịkọta nke ara rọba maka inye nwa ọhụrụ nri ka a ga-eziga na Germany. Maka ọrụ enyemaka ya, e nyere ya Order of St. Sava site na Serbia. [1] Mgbe ọ laghachiri England, Royds nwetara ọrụ na Birmingham, mana ọ nọrọ naanị ruo na Mee 1918 mgbe a na-enye ya ọrụ oge niile na London. [2] N'ihi ọrịa nna ya na ọnwụ na-esote, ọ pụghị iso ndị British Relief gaa Serbia. [3] Agha ahụ mere ka ọ banye na pacifism, Royds sonyeere Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) na League of Union Union (LNU) [2] Ọ sonyeere ọnwa ole na ole na ole nke Union Union Union Union.

N'afọ 1921, Royds lụrụ George Alexander Innes, [1] onye ọrụ enyemaka ibe ya ọ zutere na Salonika. [2] N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nne ya nwụsịrị na 1922, di na nwunye ahụ kwagara Lewes na Sussex, ebe George rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye mmekọ na ụlọ ọrụ injinia. Innes gbara arụkwaghịm dị ka odeakwụkwọ London nke WIPF, mana *nzukọ* ahụ mere ya onye *otu* bọọdụ iji gbochie ya ịla n'iyi, na-achọ njem kwa ọnwa na London. [1] N'afọ 1924, mgbe mmekọrịta ya kwụsịrị, di na nwunye ahụ laghachiri London. [2] N'afọ 1920, Innes na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'ịkwalite udo, na-eje ozi dị ka onye na-ezo aka maka Njikọ Mba, na Board nke London isi nke WILPF, na dị ka ode odeakwụkwọ nke Society of Friends's Peace Committee. [3] Ọ gara n'ihu na-ebipụta ọrụ, ọ bụ site na Njikọ Ọrụ nke Njikọ Ụwa (1926), [4] N'ihu na mmalite nke Njikọta Mba (192 na-akwado ya, gụnyere N'Onye Ọrụ (1926), [1] N (W.

N'afọ 1927, a họpụtara Innes ka ọ bụrụ osote onyeisi oche nke London WILPF ma nọgide na-arụ ọrụ ahụ ruo n'afọ, 1934,. [1] mgbe ọ ghọrọ onyeisi oche. [2] N'otu oge ahụ, site na 1926 ruo 1936, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka odeakwụkwọ nke Kọmitii Udo nke Society of Friends. [3] N'afọ 1937, ọ nọchiri Cornelia Ramondt-Hirschmann dị ka otu n'ime ndị isi oche atọ jikọtara aka nke mba ụwa WILPF wee rụọ ọrụ n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ ya na Gertrude Baer na Clara Ragazaker. Nnyocha ndị ahụ bụ nke akwụkwọ nke na-ekwu maka isiokwu mba ụwa [1] na òtù mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, gụnyere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke udo na òtù nhọpụta; akụkọ ndụ nke Gandhi, Florence Nightingale, Alfred Nobel na ndị ọzọ; na akụkọ njem, dị ka Through the Caucasus to the Volga nke Fridtjof Nansen. [2] N'otu oge ahụ, ọ gara England niile na-ekwu okwu na-enye nkuzi na-agbaso omume ụmụ nwanyị niile nwere ike ikwere na-agbasi mbọ ike ime ka ndụ. [3]

N'iburu n'uche oge ahụ, echiche ndị na-emegide nkewa nke Innes bụ ihe siri ike, mana ọ kwadoro ikike ndị Afrịka nwere "n'ụzọ ezi uche" ịchị onwe ha. [1] O bipụtara Peacemaking in Africa (1932), nke kwuru maka onye nke atọ na-enweghị mmasị iji nyere aka idozi esemokwu ma gosipụta na ihe a na-akpọ "mba ndị mepere emepe" nyere ndị Afrịka ngwá agha, nke mere ka ha lụọ agha. [2] N'oge Blitz, Innes laghachiri Hampshire ma na-arụ ọrụ na London WILPF site n'ụlọ ya. [3] Ruo mgbe ọ kwụsịrị ide akụkọ ihe mere eme,

## Ọnwụ na ihe nketa
Innes nwụrụ na 27 Machị 1967 site na ọrịa kansa eriri afọ na Andover, Hampshire, England. A nọgidere na-ebipụtaghachi ụfọdụ n'ime nkatọ edemede ya na akụkọ ihe mere eme ya na Hampshire n'ime afọ 1980. [1]

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta nke ndị na-eme udo

## Ndemsibia

### Ihe ndị e kwuru

### Akwụkwọ