Ralph A. Vaughn

Ralph A. Vaughn (1907 ruo 2000) bụ onye ọkà mmụta Afrịka-Amerịka , onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri. A mụrụ ya na Washington, D.C., ọ bụ osote prọfesọ na Mahadum Howard tupu ọ kwaga Los Angeles, California, ebe o sere ọtụtụ ụlọ, ụlọ na ụlọ nzukọ. Ọ bụkwa onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị Afrịka Amerịka mbụ na-ewu ụlọ na Los Angeles.

## Oge ọ malitere
A mụrụ Ralph Augustine Vaughn na Eprel 24, 1907, na Washington, D.C. Nna ya, Roscoe I. Vaughn, bụ onye nkuzi na onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na Washington, DC. O nwere ụmụnne atọ.

Vaughn gụrụ akwụkwọ na Armstrong Technical High School, ebe nna ya kụziri, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1925. Ọ gara Mahadum Howard, kọleji ndị isi ojii n'akụkọ ihe mere eme, mana ọ were otu afọ ezumike wee kwaga Mahadum Illinois na Urbanaz Champaign, ebe ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ nke sayensị na ihe owuwu na 1932. Ọ nọ n'otu klas dị ka William Pereira na Charles Luckman, ha abụọ ghọrọ ndị na-ewu ụlọ a ma ama. O guzobere isi Pi Psi nke Omega Psi Phi, òtù African-American fraternity. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Michigan na Ann Arbor n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 1932.

## Ọrụ
Vaughn rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ihe maka Albert Cassell, onye Afrịka-Amerịka ọzọọzca-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ nt nke rụrụ ụlọ na campus nke Mahadum Howard. Mgbe ahụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ihe maka Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo nke United States ruo afọ abụọ. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ maka Hilyard Robinson.

Ọ ghọrọ osote prọfesọ na 1935. Ka ọ dịgodị, Paul R. Williams, onye Afrịka-Amerịka ọzọ na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ, were ya n'ọrụ dị ka onye isi ọrụ aka maka Langston Terrace Dwellings.

Ọ kwagara Los Angeles na 1937 ịrụ ọrụ oge niile maka Williams. N'oge ahụ, o nyere aka chepụta ụlọ ahịa Saks Fifth Avenue na isi ụlọ ọrụ MCA Inc. na Beverly Hills. O nyekwara aka mepụta ebe obibi nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Bert Lahr, Tyrone Power na Bill Robinson. E mere ya ka ọ ghara ịdị mkpa afọ anọ ka e mesịrị, na 1941, ka ọrụ iwu ụlọ kwụsịrị mgbe United States sonyeere agha ahụ.

Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ihe maka Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer n'akụkụ Cedric Gibbons site na 1941 ruo 1945. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, o nyere aka mepụta usoro *Kismet*, ihe nkiri 1944 nke Marlene Dietrich gosipụtara. O nyekwara aka mepụta ihe nkiri A Guy Named Joe na 1943, Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo na 1944, The Last Time I Saw Paris na 1954.

N'afọ 1945, Vaughn malitere ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ihe owuwu na John C. Lindsey. Ha chepụtara ebe obibi onwe onye na Los Angeles, Sherman Oaks na Catalina Island.
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Chase Knoll Apartments, Sherman Oaks, California.
Ya na Heth Wharton (1892 ruo 1958), o chepụtara North Hollywood Manor na North Hollywood na Chase Knolls Apartments na Sherman Oaks na 1950. A na-edepụta nke ikpeazụ dị ka ihe ncheta akụkọ ihe mere eme na ọdịbendị Los Angeles. Otu afọ mgbe e mesịrị, na 1951, ha rụrụ Lincoln Place Apartment Homes na Venice, Los Angeles, ụlọ obibi nke gụnyere ụlọ iri ise na abụọ. A kọwawo ya dị ka otu n'ime "ọrụ ya a ma ama".

A họpụtara Vaughn na Los Angeles Building and Safety Commission n'afọ 1953. Ọ bụ onye otu Archaeological Institute of America, National Society of Interior Decorators, American Association for the Advancement of Science na Smithsonian Institution. Ọ bụ onye guzobere Society of American Registered Architects. Mgbe o chepụtara ụlọ ọhụrụ maka Temple Beth Am, ụlọ nzukọ Conservative, na 1959, ọ natara onyinye site n'aka ha.

Vaughn chepụtara ụlọ ọgwụ Schwab na Sunset Boulevard na ụlọ nke San Marcos Golf Club na San Marcos, California. O weghachiri Watts Towers na ngwụcha afọ 1970.

## Ndụ onwe onye na ọnwụ
Vaughn lụrụ Elizabeth Estelle Christmas Fry na 1935. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-elekọta ọ́bá akwụkwọ. Ha nwere nwa nwoke, Ronald Fry Vaughn.

Vaughn lara ezumike nká na Stockton, California, na 1998. Ọ nwụrụ afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, N'Ọktoba 21, 2000.

## Edensibia

Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations