open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
American Standard Brands

American Standard Brands dị na Piscataway, New Jersey, United States.  Ndị otu Lixil nwere ya n ụzọ bụ isi, yana Bain Capital Partners na-ejide obere osisi.  Emebere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ dị ka American Standard Americas sitere na na-esite na nwunye North America nke kichin na ngalaba ụlọ ịsa ahụ nke American Standard Companies n'oge akwụkwọ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na E. akwụkwọ Crane Plumbing na Eljer n'ime ụlọ ọrụ na 2008 na- eke American Standard Brands.

Na mgbakwunye na aha American Standard ika ya, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-arụpụtakwa ngwaahịa n'okpuru ụdị Crane, Eljer, Fiat, Sanymetal na Showerite.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
thumb| Akara mmamịrị 1965 American Standard akpọrọ dị ka "Standard" na-esote ụdị ọhụrụ.
Na February 1, 2007, American Standard Companies elele na ọ ga-agbaji nkewa atọ ya.  Atụmatụ ahụ ire nke kichin ya na nkewa ịsa ahụ yana ịgbapụ nke WABCO Holdings, ngalaba njikwa ụgbọ ala American Standard, ka ọ na-ejigide ụlọ ọrụ Trane .

N’October 31, 2007, American Standard meri na ọ dechara ire kichin na nkewa ịsa ahụ nye Bain Capital Partners, LLC.  Nke a akpọ ire aha ọkọlọtọ America nye Bain.

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, American Standard nwere ikike iji aha “American Standard” maka ịmata HVAC .  American Standard mustaqbalka aha ya ka ọ bụrụ Trane na Nọvemba 28, 2007. [1] Mgbe e ịhụ na 2007, Ingersoll Rand mgbanwe Trane, na-enweta Trane na American Standard aha.  Ingersoll Rand gara n'ihu na-okpuru ọchịchị HVAC n' aha abụọ ahụ.

Bain Capital American Standard Amerika saịtị na mpaghara North America nke ngalaba azụmahịa ịsa ahụ na kichin enwetara n'aka ọrụ ọkọlọtọ America.  [2] Bain rere ọtụtụ òkè na American Standard Americas nye Sun Capital Partners na Nọvemba 27, 2007 

N'anyị Febụwarị 2008, American Standard Americas ụlọ ọrụ abụọ ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ pọmpụ, Crane Plumbing na Eljer iji American Standard Brands.  [4] Ngalaba Crane Plumbing n'ikirikiri Universal-rundle mbụ nke Crane kaadị na 1995 ma na-aga n'ihu na-akwado ya na ụgwọ nrụzi.  [5] Crane ezinụlọ ụlọ ọrụ Crane Plumbing Corporation nke Canada.

Na June 2013, ụlọ ọrụ Japanese Lixil Group jụrụ American Standard Brands n aka Sun Capital Partners. 

N'afọ 2015, a matara American Standard maka ọkaibe maka "Akara Amamihe" na ụdị ngwa ime ụlọ ịwụ site na Magazin Nrụpụtapụta 

## Hụkwa

* Ideal Standard, arụrụ ọrụ Europe na Latin America mbụ nke American Standard bu ụzọ.
* Ụlọ nke American Radiator
* John B. Pierce
* Ndị asọmpi nke mbụ: Delta, Kohler, Moen, Pfister, Toto

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Official website
Atụmatụ osikapa Doho

Doho Rice Scheme bụ atụmatụ osikapa ịgba mmiri nke a hụrụ na Butaleja District, Eastern Uganda .  Mmepụta osikapa na Doho malitere na 1942 iji nye ndị agha Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ nri. Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, mmepụta belatara ruo n'afọ 1972. Otú ọ dị, mgbe ọtụtụ ihe mgbochi na atụmatụ ahụ gụnyere idei mmiri nke Osimiri Manafwa na ụkọ mmiri ịgba mmiri n'oge ọkọchị, ndị ọrụ ugbo rịọrọ ka Gọọmentị nke Uganda tinye aka.

N'afọ 1976, gọọmentị guzobere atụmatụ ahụ na ego sitere n'aka gọọmentị China Muyama, Carolyne. "Rice improves life in Doho". *www.newvision.co.ug*. Retrieved 2020-05-25. Nakano, Yuko; Otsuka, Keijiro (2011-06-13). "Determinants of household contributions to collective irrigation management: The case of the Doho Rice Scheme in Uganda" (PDF). *Environment and Development Economics*. **16** (5): 527–551. doi:. ISSN&nbsp;. S2CID&nbsp;154835666. nke a rụzuru na 1984. Atụmatụ osikapa Doho bụ atụmatụ ịgba mmiri nke 2,500 hekta (6,200 acres),  na-akwado ihe na-erughị ndị ọrụ ugbo 10,000 ma ndị na-akụ ihe na akụkụ nke ndị na-akọ ihe na atụmatụ ahụ.  Ihe ka ukwuu n'ime atụmatụ ahụ bụbu ala mmiri na-adịghị n'oge na-adịghị anya n'Osimiri Manafwa.  Atụmatụ ahụ bụzi mpaghara a na-akụ osikapa a na-agba mmiri nke ukwuu na mpaghara ndị dị n'akụkụ ala mmiri, ọkachasị na ndịda. Doho Irrigation Scheme Farmers Cooperative Society (DIFACOS) bụ òtù nche anwụ e guzobere iji jikwaa atụmatụ ahụ.

## Ebe
Atụmatụ ịgba mmiri Doho Rice gbagoro na mpaghara Mazimasa na Kachonga nke East Bunyole County na mpaghara Butaleja nke Uganda.  Ọ dị kilomita 49 (30 mi) site na obodo Tororo, 25 km (16 mi) site na obodo Mbale yana 260 km (160 mi) site na obodo Kampala na 70 km (43 mi) site na Malaba, Uganda-Kenya ókè. Atụmatụ osikapa Doho dị na ọdọ mmiri Kyoga ma kpuchie mpaghara 494.2 square (kilomita 190.8). &#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Hụkwa

* Ógbè Butaleja
* Gọọmentị nke Uganda

## Ntụaka
Ụlọ ndò

Ụlọ ndò bụ ihe owuwu horticultural nke na-enye ngwakọta nke ndò na ìhè iji nye ọnọdụ kwesịrị ekwesị maka osisi na-ahụ ndò, ma ọ bụ iji belata okpomọkụ n'okpuru mkpuchi. Ọ ga-enwe etiti nke na-akwado akwa akwa ma ọ bụ lath osisi.

Enwere ike iji ụlọ ndo na-azụ ahịa. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, osisi vine vanilla chọrọ ndò 50% na, na mpaghara ndị a na-egbutu ọhịa nke Mexico, a na-enye nke a site na ụlọ ndò nke 1,000 - 10,000 square mita. Ndị a nwere ogwe nkwado dịka osisi ma ọ bụ osisi dị ndụ n'ezie. Site na ndị a, a na-akwụsịtụ mgbidi akwa ndò dị mita 3-5 n'ịdị elu ma ndị a bụ oji ma ọ bụ ọbara ọbara iji belata ìhè ahụ site na ọkara.

## Ebem si dee
Ịchụ nta (ọrụ ugbo)

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Spikelets nke Ọka wit Einkorn, ''Triticum monococcum''
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ịchụpụ n'ọtụtụ ihe ọkụkụ na-agụnye dehiscence nke mkpụrụ osisi tozuru etozu, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ''Brassica napus''.
N'ọrụ ugbo, ihe na-akụrisị bụ ịgbasa mkpụrụ osisi mgbe ha chara. Site n'echiche ọrụ ugbo, nke a bụ usoro na-adịghị mma, na n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ihe ọkụkụ, ọtụtụ ọganihu dị mkpa emetụtawo ngbanwe n'osisi ihe ọkụkụ nke belatara nbibi - kama a na-agbasasị mkpụrụ osisi ozugbo ha chara, a na-ejigide ihe ọkụkụ nke mutant. mkpụrụ ahụ ruo ogologo oge, nke mere ka owuwe ihe ubi dị irè karị. phenotype na-adịghị emebi emebi bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị a chọrọ maka ịzụlite osisi karịsịa mgbe a na-ewebata àgwà bara uru sitere na ụdị ọhịa dị iche iche nke anụ ụlọ.

Mgbanwe dị mkpa nke ahọpụtara n'oge mbụ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọrụ ugbo wepụrụ nsogbu "rachis na-agbaji" na ọka wit.[2] Isi chara acha ("ntị") nke ụdị ọka wit na-adị mfe gbajie n'ime nkeji mgbasa mgbe a na-emetụ ya aka, ma ọ bụ na-efe ya site na ifufe, n'ihi na n'oge chara acha usoro nke abscission n'ígwé ụdị nke na-ekewa rachis n'ime obere akụkụ, nke ọ bụla na-ejikọta ya na otu. spikelet (nke nwere 2-3 grains tinyere igbogbo ọka).

Ụdị dị iche iche nke usoro mgbawa na-agụnye dehiscence nke mkpụrụ osisi tozuru etozu, nke na-ahapụ mkpụrụ.

A na-ewepụta rapeseed na ụdị sesame na-agbaji agbaji tupu mkpụrụ ahụ etozuo nke ọma, nke mere na pods anaghị ekewa ma wụda mkpụrụ ahụ. Nchịkọta ihe na-emebi ụdị sesame na-agụnye ikpuchi osisi ndị a pịrị apị tupu nhazi.

Ihe nchọpụta ndị a na-ebute ụzọ ugbu a iji ghọta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke mgbawa gụnyere ihe ọkụkụ ndị a:

* Barley
* Buckwheat
* Amaranth grain
* Oilseed rape (*Brassica napus*)

## Ebem si dee
Ìgwè atụrụ (ọrụ ugbo)

thumb|Ọka wit na-ekpuchi n'akụkụ King's Somborne. N'ebe a, a na-etinye ụyọkọ ụyọkọ n'otu n'otu ka ọ kpọọ nkụ.
thumb|Akara ọka n'elu ihe e dere n'ala
thumb|Igwe na-ekpuchi atụrụ
Sheaf (/ ʃiːf/; pl.: ùkwù) bụ ụyọkọ mkpụrụ ọka ga-ejikọta ọnụ ma e wetachara ya, nke ọdịnala site n'iwe ihe ubi, emechaa site na scythe ma ọ bụ, mgbe iwebata ya na 1872, site n'aka onye na-ewe ihe ubi.

TNdị na-ewe ihe ubi n'ọdịnala, na-eji scythes ma na-arụ ọrụ dị ka otu, na-egbutu ubi ọka n'akụkụ elekere, malite na nsọtụ dị n'èzí na-agwụcha n'etiti. Scything na-ahapụ ikuku nke ị ga-akpụ akpụ n'aka ekpe nke onye na-ewe ihe ubi ma, ọ bụrụ na a na-egbutu ya nke ọma, na-ahapụ isi mkpụrụ ahụ ma ọ bụ karịa. A na-eburuzi ihe ndị a ma kee ha na ùkwù ọka ndị a na-eji akwa ákwà, bụ́ ndị na-ejikarị osisi ndị ọzọ a kpụrụ akpụ eme ihe dị ka njikọ. Akpacha ọka ndị a, ma ọ bụ otu ndị na-eso ya, wee guzobe ùkwù ọka ndị ahụ n'ime stoks ka ha kpọọ nkụ. Atọ ọka ùkwù atọ ruo asatọ na-emejupụta stok nke ọ bụla, bụ nke na-eme ka a na-akwado A-frame na ndị isi ọka na-ezukọ n'elu. Nke a na-eme ka ọka ahụ na-ekuku nke ọma, na n'ala na-ahapụ ya ka ọ kpọọ nkụ ma na-akụda ahịhịa. A na-eji aka tinye ùkwù ọka ndị ahụ ihicha ma ọ bụ tụba ya n'ụgbọala. Nkịta ùkwù ùkwù ọdịnala nwere ogologo aka osisi, tynes ​​abụọ dị mkpụmkpụ na azụ okirikiri iji mee ka ịtinye ùkwù ọka dị mfe. A na-arụzi ùkwù ọka ndị a chịkọtara n'ime ngwugwu (nchịkọta ndị a kụkọtara nwere ike ịkarị 20' elu[1] [ntụgharị okirikiri]) ma ọ bụ buru ya n'ọba maka ihicha ọzọ tupu a zọchasịa ya iji kewaa ọka na ị ga.

Nhazi nke ọrụ ugbo na mba ndị mepere emepe, ọkachasị iwebata onye na-ewe ihe ubi site n'etiti narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, emeela ka ụyọkọ ahụ ghara ịdị mkpa, mana ụyọkọ ka na-eji ya eme ihe n'ebe ọ bụla a ka na-ewepụta ihe site n'aka ma ọ bụ site na onye na-eme ihe ubi.

## Heraldry
thumb|Akara dị n'uwe agha nke Lumparland

## Hụkwa

* Omer (otu) , ihe a na-atụle na Bible nke oke ọka.

## Ebem si dee
Ịda atụrụ

thumb|Ịdaba n'ime mmiri atụrụ
Ntụnye atụrụ bụ mmiri mmiri na-emepụta ọgwụ ahụhụ na fungicides nke ndị ọzụzụ atụrụ na ndị ọrụ ugbo na-eji echebe atụrụ ha pụọ ​​n'ọrịa nje ndị dị n'èzí dị ka ich mite (Psoroptes ovis), fly-fly, akọrọ na kịta.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Iminye atụrụ bụ imikpu atụrụ n'ime mmiri nwere ọgwụ ahụhụ na fungicides.

Ọ bụ George Wilson nke Coldstream, Scotland, chepụtara ma mepụta akpa atụrụ mbụ n'ụwa na 1830. Ntụnye ahụ dabeere na ntụ ntụ arsenic ma jiri ngwugwu steamer si Berwick-n'elu Tweed na-ebupụ ya.[1] Otu n'ime ụdị dip kacha aga nke ọma nke a ga-ebute n'ahịa bụ Cooper's Dip, bụ nke onye dọkịta na-awa ahụ na onye ọrụ mmepụta ihe William Cooper nke Berkhamsted, England mepụtara na 1852.

## Nhazi
Ntụnye atụrụ dị ka ntụ ntụ, tapawa, ngwọta, ma ọ bụ nkwusioru nke a na-eji akwadebe ngwọta agbazere ma ọ bụ nkwusioru. A na-eji okwu ahụ eme ihe maka nhazi ahụ n'onwe ya, na mmiri mmiri nke a na-emikpu n'ime atụrụ ahụ kpamkpam.

Enwere klaasị abụọ sara mbara nke nsị atụrụ: ogige organophosphorus, nke e mechara mepụta ihe ndị na-alụ agha kemịkal, na pyrethroids sịntetik. Ogige Organophosphorus na-egbu egbu maka ụmụ mmadụ ekpughere ọbụna na obere doses, ka ha na-aga n'ụzọ dị mfe site na akpụkpọ ahụ, na-egbukwa egbu egbu.

Mkpịsị atụrụ nwere ike ịbụ ihe owuwu na-adịgide adịgide n'ime ala, nke a na-ejikarị simenti, ma ọ bụ ihe owuwu ígwè a na-ebugharị ebugharị. E mepụtara mgbe a na-agbanye mmiri na-adịgide adịgide bụ rotating, power spray dip. Mmiri ndị a bụ ihe na-abaghị uru na mba ndị na-azụ atụrụ, dịka azụ azụ na jetting na-enye nhọrọ ka mma.

## Ahụike na-adịghị mma na mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi
Achọtala na ụmụ atụrụ na-Mmetọ ala na mmetọ mmiri. Ha nwere ọgwụ ahụhụ nke na-egbu osisi na anụmanụ na-egbu egbu. N'ihi nke a, ọ dị mkpa na a na-achịkwa atụrụ na atụrụ a na-etinye n'ime mmiri nke ọma iji zere ịgbasa kemịkal na ịkpata mmetọ mmiri.

A maara ụfọdụ kemịkal ndị a na-eji eme ihe n'ime mmiri atụrụ dị ka ndị na-emerụ ahụ. Mmiri atụrụ dabere na organo-phosphates emeela ka ọnọdụ akwara a maara dị ka "mmiri ọgwụ OP". 

## Hụkwa

* Nnụnụ na-awụli elu n'ime atụrụ

## Ebem si dee
Slash na ụgbọ ala

Slash-na-char bụ ihe ọzọ na slash-na-ọkụ nke nwere mmetụta dị nta na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọ bụ omume ịcha biomass nke sitere n'igbu ahụ, kama ịgba ya ọkụ. N'ihi combustion ezughị ezu (pyrolysis) enwere ike iji unyi ihe fọdụrụnụ mee ihe dị ka biochar iji meziwanye ọmụmụ ala.
thumb|Mmepụta coal n'okpuru ala
N'okwu a, enwere ike ịme unyi site n'ọtụtụ ụzọ dị iche iche. Nke kachasị mfe, nke a na-eji eme ihe n'akụkọ ihe mere eme na mmepụta unyi, gụnyere ọkụ ikpo ọkụ biomass site n'ịkụnye ya n'elu (nke a maara dị ka "ọkụ n'elu ala" ma ọ bụ "ọkụ nchekwa"[3] [4]) ma ọ bụ ihe mkpuchi ụwa n'elu ikpo osisi. , nwere oghere ndị etinyere n'ụzọ dabara adaba. Usoro ọgbara ọhụrụ ka dị mgbagwoju anya gụnyere akụrụngwa nke na-agbake ma na-ahazi ikuku gas niile n'ime pyroligneous acid na syngas.

Slash-and-char na-enye uru na gburugburu ebe obibi ma e jiri ya tụnyere slash-and'burn.

Ọ na-ebute n'ịmepụta biochar, nke a nwere ike ịgwakọta ya na biomass dị ka ihe ọkụkụ fọdụrụnụ, ihe oriri, ma ọ bụ nsị, ma lie ya n'ime ala iji mee ka e nwee terra preta. Terra preta bụ otu n'ime ala kachasị baa ọgaranya na mbara ala - na naanị nke a maara na ọ na-eme ka onwe ya dị ọhụrụ.   &#x5B;**&#x5D;

Ọ na-ekesakwa carbon carbon dị ukwuu na ejiji kachasị mma na nke bara uru, dị ka megidere mmetụta ọjọọ nke slash-na-ọkụ. Ịtụgharị na slash-na-char nwere ike ị nweta ihe ruru 50% nke carbon n'ụdị kwụsiri ike.[5] Ahịa azụmaahịa carbon ọhụrụ nke na-akwado ọrụ CO2 sequestration, nwere ike inye aka gbakwunye ego ndị ọrụ ugbo na-enweta ma na-akwado mbelata n'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ ikpokpọ osisi na mmepe nke ọrụ ugbo na-adịgide adịgide.

## Hụkwa

* Biomass, na-akọwa ụfọdụ n'ime usoro na uru ndị a.

## Ebem si dee
Ndepụta nke ábụ́bà ọkụkọ

thumb|345x345px|Nnụnụ ndị e gosiri na foto a site na 1907 bụ: 8. Ọfụma 9. Nnụnụ a na-akpọ Saddle feathers 10. Ọrịa 11. Primary 12. Scapulars 19. Ihe mkpuchi ọdụ<br />
Okwu ụfọdụ a na-eji maka ábụbà anụ ọkụkọ yiri nke a na-eji amụ nnụnụ ndị ọzọ, ebe ndị ọzọ bụ kpọmkwem maka anụ ọkụkọ. Ha gụnyere:

## Ebem si dee
Nestle Naịjirịa

Nestle Nigeria Plc bụ ụlọ ọrụ ọpụrụiche nri na ihe ọ drinkụ drinkụ drinksụ ụbọchị n'ihu ọha nke hiwere isi na Lagos.  Ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ejide ya na Switzerland nwere ya ma nwee njikọ na ụlọ ọrụ Tolaram Group .  E hiwere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na 1961 wee na-azụ aha n'okpuru aha Nestle Products Nigeria Limited.  O nwere nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ ya na Agbara Industrial Estate, Ogun State .  Ozi ọrụ ahụ na-onye ọka nri ụtụtụ, nri nri, nri nri na nri protein osisi hydrolyzed.

Edepụtara ụlọ ọrụ ahụ dị ka otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ 100 kasị ukwuu na Africa site na magazin Africa Business 

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ malitere azụmahịa n'okpuru aha ahia nke Nestle Products Nigeria, na 1969, a gbanwere aha ahụ ka ọ bụrụ Food Specialties Limited.  Ọ malitere ịzụ ahịa na Nigeria Stock Exchange n'afọ 1979 na-esochi iwu nkwalite ụmụ amaala.  N'afọ 1991, a gbanwere aha ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ Nestle Foods Nigeria, afọ iri ka e mesịrị, ọ ghọrọ Nestle Nigeria PLC.  Na mmalite ya, ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụ nkesa na ire ngwaahịa Nestle nke ndị ahịa na-ebubata na obodo mbụ.  N'afọ 1971, ọchichọ ka mma maka ngwaahịa na-esi nri Maggi mere ka e guzobe ụlọ ọrụ nkwakọ ngwaahịa na Lagos.[2]  Firmlọ ọrụ ahụ gbazitere ala n'ụlọ Agbara Agbara ọhụrụ emere na 1978 wee malite imepụta ngwaahịa Maggi na Milo afọ atọ.  Na 1982, Nestle malitere imepụta Cerelac na Nigeria na Agbara.  N'agbata 1984 na 1986, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ webatara ngwaahịa na-ahapụ ara nwa nwere ọdịnaya dị elu nke mpaghara, ndị a gụnyere Cerelac Maize na Nutrend, yana ngwakọta nke soy na ọka.  O mechara webata Chocomilo, ihe eji eme nri.  Na 2011, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gbasaa mmepụta nke marquee ya na mmeghe nke ụlọ ọrụ Maggi na Flowergate, Ogun State.[3]  Nestle Waters Nigeria mepere ụlọ mmiri obodo iji hụ na mmiri ọñụñụ dị mma ma dị mma na mpaghara Magedari dị n'Abuja bụ akụkụ nke mbọ Nestle iji hụ na mmiri dị mma.

Dị ka ụdị nke mbọ iji nchekwa mmiri na hydration kwesịrị, Onye njikwa aha, Nestle, Mrs. Gloria Nwabuike, kwuru na ha azụla ihe ụmụ akwụkwọ 800, na ndị nkuzi 300 na ụlọ akwụkwọ 140 dị na Legọs, Ogun, Osun steeti  nakwa na Federal Capital Territory 

### Ịre ahịa na nkesa
Nestle Nigeria has sponsored the Maggi national cooking competition and previously sponsored a Maggi cooking show. It also sponsored sports competition through it Milo brand.

Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwere ụlọ ọrụ abụọ na Ogun State na ebe nkesa na Ota. Ụdị Nestle dị ka Cerelac, Milo, Maggi cube enwetala ọkwa aha ezinụlọ. 

## Brands

### Nri na ọka
 

### Ihe ọṅụṅụ
 

### Na-esi ísì ụtọ
 

## Ntụaka
Ebe a na-egwupụta ntụ ọka na Naịjirịa

Flour Mills of Nigeria (FMN) nke dị ka FMN Group bụ ụlọ ọrụ agribusiness dị iche iche nke Naijiria, nke George S. Coumantaros ntọala ntọala na 1960. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ FMCG na-enye Nigeria na West Africa.  FMN na-ewe ihe ụmụaka 12,000. 

George S. Coumantaros ntọala ntọala FMN na 1960 dị ka ụlọ ọrụ nwere oke onwe yana na 1978 ụlọ ọrụ ọha na eze, nke e depụtara òkè ya na Nigeria Stock Exchange. . 
Onye isi oche FMN nwa 2014, na onye bụbu CEO bụ nwa onye nchoputa, John Coumantaros .  [2] [3] Onye isi oche bụ Omoboyede Olusanya 

Flour Mills taa, bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ejide ya nwere ụdị azụmaahịa agbakwunyere kwụ ọtọ.

Ụdị flagship nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụ Golden Penny Flour. 

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Flour Mills akụkọ ọrụ na 1962, ụlọ ọrụ igwe ọka ọka mbụ na Nigeria, e wuru ya na ọnụ aha £ 2.5m nke isi obodo Gris na America [6] akwụkwọ site na ụlọ ọrụ Southern Star Shipping.  [7] Mmepụta mbụ kwa afọ bụ tɔn 120,000.  [6] Mgbagwoju anya Apapa nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwere nnukwu ibutu na ikike nchekwa ya na igwe igwe iji hazie ọka wit North America.  N'afọ 1964, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ oyiyi ya site na nguzobe ụlọ ọrụ ihe nke polypropylene nke na-ere akara n'okpuru aha azụmahịa Nigerian Bag Manufacturing Company Limited.  [7] Onye ọrụ mbụ ahụ hazikwara ọka wit ka ebupụ ya 

Ka ọ na-erule 1971, ikike igwe igwe ọka wit ya kwa afụ bụ tɔn 300,000.  [6] Na 1975, ụlọ ọrụ ahụra ọmụrụ nwa pere mpe na Northern Nigeria Flours Mills, Kano wee nweta ngwaọrụ na Niger Mills nke Calabar .  [6] N'ọgwụgwụ 1970s, e depụtara ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na ikekere Nigeria.

Akara FMN si n'otu ụlọ ọrụ na-ere ahịa pụta, gaa n'otu ụlọ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na ngalaba ndị bụ isi nke akụ na ụba Naijiria. Ha na-arụ ọrụ na ngalaba anọ bụ isi nke nri, Su, Agro-allied, Port Operations and Logistics, Packaging and Real Estate. Ha na-arụ usoro nri agbakwunyere kwụkọ ọtọ n'etiti azụmahịa ha ndị ọzọ.

Na 1990, e hiwere nkọwa polypropylene ọzọ na 1997 na Northern Nigeria trading n'okpuru aha Northern Bag Manufacturing Company, afọ abụọ ka e gosiri, e hiwere ụlọ ọrụ mbupu ọla edo.  Na 1997, mgbasawanye nke ahia butere nguzobe azụmahịa aha fatịlaịza, [7] gara n'ihu na iwebata fim ciment UNICEM na 2002, ahia njikwa ụgbọ mmiri n'okpuru aha Apapa Bulk Terminal na 2004, Golden Transport na 2008. na  nri nri Premier na 2010. [7] N'August 2015, ụlọ ọrụ na-ejide, Excelsior Shipping ntọala iji jikwaa ihe omume nke ụfọdụ ndị isi ya.  [7] Apapa Bulk Terminal na-arụ ọrụ Terminal A na B na ụgbọ mmiri Apapa.

Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-arụ nnukwu ọrụ akpa ciment na Apapa trading Burham Cement, na-agbaso ụkpụrụ gọọmenti kwadoro iji kwalite mmepụta ciment obodo na ọrụ ahụ kwụsịrị na Orascom na Orascom na-arụkọ ọrụ iji guzobe ụlọ ọrụ ciment na Mfanmosing, Cross River State. 
Na 2021, FMN ike 71.6% nke Honeywell Group's Honeywell Flour Mills Plc  

## Ndị enyemaka

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga
Official website
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Nkwekọrịta Nri na Ihe Ọṅụ

The Food and Beverage Recycling Alliance, ma ọ bụ naanị FBRA, bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ama uru nke Naijiria na- ọrụ ndị na-ahụ ihe na ụlọ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na ihe ọrụ ọsọ iji mee ka ndị na-ahụ maka ihe.  ọrụ na mpaghara nri na ihe ihe na-akwado ma na-eto eto mkpofu, texture azụ, na ime nchọpụta ihe.  mmemme.  E hibere FBRA dị ka Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ndị Ọrụ Na-ahụ Ihe (PRO) maka ụlọ ọrụ nri na ihe eji na-eme ka a na-eweghachi ihe mkpofu nke ndị na-azụ ahịa na-azụ ọrụ dị ka ikike ọrụ.  nke National Environmental Standards Regulations and Enforcement Agency (NESREA) si dị .  

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Echiche a anya na 2012, yana mmemme pụta na 2013. Emepụtara FBRA n'ihu nsogbu wee debanye aha ya dị ka ụlọ ọrụ Responsibility Organisation na 2018 nwebe ụlọ ọrụ ntọala anọ.  

Njikọ nri na ihe ọṅụṅụ na-emegharị ihe ugbu a nwere ụlọ ọrụ iri abụọ na itoolu na-agba mbọ ịkwalite mkpokọta na imegharị ihe nke nkwakọ ngwaahịa mgbe ndị ahịa gachara. 

## Omume
Site na mpaghara ndị a dị mkpa, FBRA nyere ikike imezu ihe ndị a:    

* Iji guzobe atụmatụ nkwalite arụmọrụ yana inye aka nnakọta na imegharị ihe;
* Iji kwalite mgbasa ozi ọha na eze, itinye aka na obodo, na mmemme nkwado;
* Iji tinye aka na ndu echiche (ụlọ ọrụ / amụma / mkparịta ụka nchịkwa) na njikwa mkpofu.

## Ụlọ ọrụ ndị otu
Ụlọ ọrụ ndị otu FBRA:

* Ụlọ ọrụ Bottling Nigeria
* Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke Naijiria
* Ụlọ ọrụ Bottling Seven-Up
* Nestle Nigeria
* Ụlọ ọrụ PRIMA CORP LTD
* ZARD otu ụlọ ọrụ
* Tetra Pak West Africa
* FrieslandCampina
* Tulip koko
* Ụgwọ nke ụlọ ọrụ Dufil Prima Foods Plc
* International Breweries plc ihe ndekọ akụkọ ego
* Igwe frigoglass/Beta
* Ụgwọ nke ụlọ ọrụ Omnik Limited
* Otu CWAY
* Ụlọ ọrụ Lacasera
* Ụgwọ nke ụlọ ọrụ Kellogg Tolaram Nigeria Limited
* Enge Pet
* Dow Chemical
* Ụlọ ọrụ Unilever Nigeria Plc
* Promasidor Nigeria
* UAC nri Nig
* Ụlọ ọrụ CHI LTD
* Ụgwọ nke ụlọ ọrụ Guinness Nigeria PLC
* Indorama Petrochemical Eleme
* Perfetti Van Melle
* Intercontinental Distillers
* ụtaba Amerịka
* Cadbury Nigeria Plc
* Ụgwọ nke ụlọ ọrụ PolySmart Packaging Limited

## Ntụaka
Olulu ahịhịa

thumb|Olulu mmiri a na-echebe na mgbidi.
Otu olulu mmiri, nke a makwaara dị ka olulu olulu ugbo, slurry tank, slurry lagoon ma ọ bụ ụlọ ahịa slurry, bụ oghere, dam, ma ọ bụ ihe owuwu okirikiri ebe ndị ọrụ ugbo na-achịkọta anụ ụlọ ha niile na ihe ndị ọzọ na-adịghị ahụkebe, dị ka ahịhịa na mmiri. gbapụ n'ịsacha mmiri ara ehi, ụlọ anụ na ọba, iji mee ka ọ bụrụ ogologo oge ka ọ bụrụ fatịlaịza nke nwere ike mechaa jiri ya mee ihe n'ala ha iji mee ihe ọkụkụ.[1][2] Mwepụ nke ihe mkpofu a na-emepụta gas na-egbu egbu, na-eme ka olulu mmiri na-egbu egbu nwere ike igbu mmadụ na-enweghị nlezianya dị ka iji ngwa iku ume na ikuku.

## Uru nke ihe na-edozi ahụ

## Ihe ize ndụ
Olulu mmiri na-egosi ihe ize ndụ nke mmiri, yana iku ume. Mmebi na-emepụta gas dịka ammonia, methane, carbon dioxide, na hydrogen sulphide. Abụọ ndị ikpeazụ dị arọ karịa ikuku ma ha agaghị agbasa ngwa ngwa site n'ebe dị ala. Carbon dioxide enweghị ísì, hydrogen sulfide na-aghọ ngwa ngwa nke a na-apụghị ịchọpụta site na ísì site n'ibibi mmetụta ísì nke ndị merụrụ ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na a na-eku ya, ha nwere ike ime ka mmadụ ghara ịma onwe ya ngwa ngwa site na nsị ma ọ bụ mbupụ nke oxygen na-eduga na hypoxia. Ọnwụ nwere ike ịpụta site na nsị ma ọ bụ hypoxia kpọmkwem, ma ọ bụ site na mmiri ozuzo nke amaghị ihe kpatara.     UK Health and Safety Executive na-adọkwa aka ná ntị megide ịmepụta ọkụ na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla n'akụkụ olulu mmiri, dịka gas ndị dị ka methane na-ere ọkụ. Ndị isi ahụike na nchekwa nke Northern Ireland na-akọwapụta ọrụ na olulu dị ka ọrụ ọkachamara, na-achọ ka onye ọrụ nwee ikuku dị iche na eriri ndụ nke ndị mmadụ abụọ ọzọ na-anọghị na tankị ahụ.

## Hụkwa

* Nchịkwa nsị

## Ebem si dee
Ihe ọkụkụ anwụrụ ọkụ

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|A na-eji Alfalfa eme ihe dị ka ihe ọkụkụ na-egbu egbu.
Ihe ọkụkụ na-ekpo ọkụ bụ ihe ọkụkụ siri ike, nke na-eto ngwa ngwa nke a na-eji egbochi ma ọ bụ kwụsị ito ahịhịa nke nwere usoro mgbọrọgwụ ka mma nke na-enyere ha aka ịsọ mpi ata maka mmiri na n'ihi ya, usoro mgbọrọgwụ nke ahịhịa na-esiwanye ike. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, nnukwu mkpụrụ osisi smother na-eto na-egbochi uto nke ahịhịa. N'ụzọ dị irè, ihe ọkụkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-asọrịta mpi na ahịhịa maka ihe ndị dị mkpa (uto, oghere, mmiri, ọkụ) na igbochi ntolite na uto ha.[1] Ozugbo ihe ọkụkụ smother mezuru nzube ya, a na-akọ ya na ahịhịa ndị na-esighị ike, si otú ahụ na-enye fatịlaịza akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ.[2] Ihe ọkụkụ dị mma nke na-ekpo ọkụ ga-enwe ike ịsọ mpi na ata mana opekempe na ihe ọkụkụ. Ihe ọkụkụ ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na-ebelata ịdabere na njikwa ahihia kemịkalụ, [3] na mgbe ụfọdụ a na-eji ya na mgbanwe na ọrụ ugbo. 

Uru nke abụọ nke ihe ọkụkụ ndị dị otú ahụ gụnyere inyere aka ijikọta nitrogen n'ime ala (ma ọ bụrụ na ejiri legumes mee ihe) na ibelata mbuze ala.

Alfalfa, hemp, Rye, buckwheat, sorghum, Sudan grass, foxtail millet, Sweetclover, marigold, silage corn bụ ụfọdụ ihe atụ nke ihe ọkụkụ smother.  

## Ebem si dee
Katanga, Naịjirịa

Katangar gabari bụ obodo dị na Jigawa State nke Nigeria.  Ọ dị 20 kilomita site na Kiyawa na 13 km si Dutse .  Obodo nwere echiche ndị mmadụ 7000
thumb

## Nkewa obodo Katanga abụọ
Na 20 November 2022 katanga obodo e kewara abụọ, Katanga Kudu na Katanga Arewa, Site Dutse Emirate Council.  n'okpuru iwu nke Emire Alhaji DR Nuhu Muhammad Sunusi.

## Ndị mmadụ na Katanga
Ọtụtụ ndị bi na Katanga bụ ndị Hausa.  Ihe dị ka njọ 90 bụ ndị Hausa, 7.5% bụ ndị Fulani na 2.5% Kanuri .

## Ọrụ ugbo na Katanga
Katanga bụ ndị na-ahụ nri ọ bụghị naanị steeti Jigawa mana na achọ niile.  N'oge mmiri mmiri, a na-ahụ ndị Katanga ka ha na-akọ ihe ubi dịka, millet, ọka, osikapa ọka, ọka, agwa, na ọka.  N'oge ọkọchị, ndị ọrụ ugbo nọ na Katanga na-aga ɔdɔ mmirika maka ịgba mmiri na ịgha mkpa, melons, tomato, pepe na ọka wit..

## Student Union na Katanga
1. Ndị otu ụmụ akwụkwọ Katanga (KATSA) mepụtara na Septemba 17, 2023

## Ntụaka
Ịchụpụ ihe

thumb|Ahịhịa ole na ole nke Eragrostis
Sprigging bụ ịkụ osisi sprigs, akụkụ osisi ndị e bepụrụ site na rhizomes ma ọ bụ stolons nke gụnyere okpueze na mgbọrọgwụ, n'oge dịpụrụ adịpụ n'ime oghere ma ọ bụ oghere. Dabere na gburugburu ebe obibi, enwere ike ime nke a site na aka ma ọ bụ jiri igwe na-akụ ahihia.[1][2] Sprigging anaghị eji ala na osisi ahụ eme ihe, ọ bụkwa ihe ọzọ na-akụ mkpụrụ (ịkụ mkpụrụ ozugbo), nkwụnye (ịkụnye plọg nwere ala na mgbọrọgwụ na-adịghị emebi emebi), na sodding (ịtinye mpempe akwụkwọ nke sod). 

Stolonizing bụ n'ezie na-agbasa sprigging, na-eji ịkpụ stolons na rhizomes gbasa otu n'otu n'otu n'otu ebe ma ọ bụ n'aka, kpuchie ya na ala ma ọ bụ tinye n'ime ihe ọkụkụ n'ụzọ dị iche iche.

Hydrosprigging, nke yiri hydroseeding, bụ iji ahịhịa ma ọ bụ ahịhịhịa na rhizomes na-egbu egbu na nsị nke fatịlaịza, mulch, na ihe na-ejikọta, nke a na-eji hose na-agbanye n'elu ebe a chọrọ. Nke a nwere ike ịdị irè n'ebe ndị na-emetụta nsogbu ala, dị ka ebe ndị na-agbada n'ụsọ oké osimiri, ugwu ma ọ bụ ndagwurugwu ndị ọzọ dịgasị iche iche, ma ọ bụ na ọwa ntụgharị. Enwere ike ịwụsa slurry n'elu 1,000 feet (300  site na 1.5 in (3.8  hose.

## Ebem si dee
Mmebi nke mkpụrụ osisi

Mmebi nke pulitere bụ ihe na-adịghị mma mịpụta mkpụrụ ọka wit bụ́ nke na-apụta n'oge ọka wit tozuru okè, bụ́ nke a na-egbutebeghị, mgbe ọnọdụ ubi dị mmiri na-adịgide tupu oge eruo nakwa n'oge owuwe ihe ubi. Ọka wit tozuru okè nke e gbuturu ma hapụ ya ka ọ tọgbọrọ n’ubi tupu a zọcha mkpụrụ na-adị mfe ibibi ya. Ihu igwe oyi na-atụ na Canada na-amanyekarị ndị na-emepụta ọka wit n'ebe ahụ ka ha gbutuo ihe ọkụkụ ha iji kwe ka ihicha. Ọnọdụ mmiri nwere ike bute mmebi nke pulitere zuru ebe niile. Ọ bụrụ na ọ mere, a na-enwe mmụba dị egwu nke enzyme alpha-amylase. Nnwale ọnụọgụ na-ada ada bụ ihe atụ nke ọnụnọ nke enzyme a. Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu na-ada ada na-egosi na ọka wit dị mma ma na-eju afọ maka ọtụtụ usoro ịme achịcha. Ọnụọgụ dara ada na-egosi na ome na-emerụ ahụ emeela ma na-egosi na ọ na-ebelata ogo ịsa achịcha. N'ime achịcha, oke ọrụ alpha-amylase ga-eme ka achịcha na-egbuke egbuke na nnukwu oghere na ogbe achịcha; ntakịrị ihe na-ebute irighiri achịcha crumble akpọnwụ na oke ogbe achịcha.

## Ebem si dee

* Ọrụ Nnyocha nke Congress.
Clamp nchekwa

thumb|clamp nke sugar beet, ekpuchighị
Mkpọgide bụ mkpọkọ mkpọkọta, mkpọta ma ọ bụ ikpo ihe.[1] A na-eji njigide nchekwa na ụlọ ọrụ ugbo maka nchekwa nwa oge nke ihe ọkụkụ dị ka poteto, tonip, rutabaga, mangelwurzel, na sugar beet.

A na-emepụta ihe nkedo site n'ịgwupụta ịda mbà n'obi akụkụ anọ na-emighị emi n'ọhịa iji mee ntọala maka njide ahụ. A na-akwakọba ihe ọkụkụ n'ime ala ruo ihe dị ka 2 m (6 ft 7 in). Mgbe mkpọchi ahụ jupụtara, ala a kpụpụrụ n'ọhịa ka ọ bụrụ ebe a ga-eji kpuchie mgbọrọgwụ mgbọrọgwụ ruo omimi nke ọtụtụ sentimita. Enwere ike iji ahịhịa ma ọ bụ ahihia ochie chebe elu elu pụọ na mbuze mmiri ozuzo.

Clamp a rụrụ nke ọma ga-eme ka akwụkwọ nri dị jụụ ma kpọọ nkụ ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa. Ọtụtụ clamps dị ogologo ma dị warara, na-enye ohere iji nwayọọ nwayọọ wepụ ihe ọkụkụ site n'otu nsọtụ n'emeghị ka akwụkwọ nri fọdụrụ ghara inye nsogbu. Ojiji nke clamp na-enye onye ọrụ ugbo ohere inye akwụkwọ nri n'ahịa ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa.

## Hụkwa

* Bunker silo - Ọdịdị maka ichekwa ihe ọkụkụPeeji ndị na-egosi nkọwa dị mkpirikpi nke ndị a na-achọ ịlaghachi
* Ebe nchekwa tupu akụkọ ihe mere eme
* Food preservation - Mgbochi nke uto nke nje na nri
* Root cellar - Ọdịdị maka ichekwa akwụkwọ nri, mkpụrụ osisi, mkpụrụ osisi ma ọ bụ nri ndị ọzọ
* Brick clamp - Ebe a na-esi brik na-ekpo ọkụ
* Charcoal clamp - Ọkụ a na-ekpuchi ekpuchi maka imepụta icheku ọkụPeeji ndị na-egosi nkọwa dị mkpirikpi nke ndị a na-achọ ịlaghachi
* CLAMP - Otu ndị na-ese ihe nkiri Manga, otu ndị na-eme ihe nkiri aha ha bụ poteto clamps 

## Ebem si dee
Ndepụta akụkọ

Ndekọ akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ usoro nke ọkwa ala dabere na njirimara ala nke na-achịkwa ikike ala nwere ike iji yana nrụpụta. Mepụtara R. Earl Storie na Mahadum California, Berkeley na 1930s dị ka usoro nke ọnụ ahịa ala, ọ na-adabere na ihe anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ nke akụ na ụba ndị ọzọ nwere ike ikpebi ọchịchọ nke ịkọ ụfọdụ osisi n'otu ebe.

* Nnyocha ahụ dị mfe nghọta, nke a bụ uru nke usoro a.
* A na-agụnye ụdị dị iche iche n'ụdị ole na ole.

A na-enyocha akụkụ anọ ma ọ bụ ise:

* A: Omimi ala na ọdịdị ala;
* B: Mmiri na-abanye n'ala;
* C: Ihe ndị e ji mara ala;
* D: Mmiri na-asọpụta n'elu mmiri;
* E: Ọnọdụ ihu igwe (naanị ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị otu, ma ọ bụrụhaala na ekwesighi itinye ya na usoro ahụ);

A na-agbakọ ndepụta ahụ site na mmụba nke parameters ndị a, ya bụ: **Sindex = A x B x C x D x E**

Ọghọm nke usoro a bụ na ọ bụrụ na anyị nwere uru nke efu na ụdị ọ bụla, mgbe ahụ nsonaazụ ga-abụ efu ma ọ gaghị adaba maka iji. Ọghọm ọzọ bụ na ọkwa ahụ bụ nke uche. O'Geen et al. mezigharịrị usoro a ọzọ na 2008 iji dozie ụfọdụ n'ime echiche. http://anrcatalog.ucanr.edu/pdf/8335.pdf

## Ebem si dee
Stover

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Stover nke snow kpuchiri
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Stover (n'ihu), ọka a na-ewepụtabeghị (n'azụ)
Ihe nchekwa bụ akwụkwọ na okporo osisi nke ubi, dị ka ọka (maize), sorghum ma ọ bụ soybean nke a na-ahapụkarị n'ubi ma ọ bụrụ na ha nwụsịrị ọka. Ọ dị ka ahịhịa ọka, nke fọdụrụ mgbe e wetachara ọka ma ọ bụ ahịhịa ọka ọ bụla n'oge ntozu okè maka mkpụrụ ya. Enwere ike rie ya ozugbo site na ehi ma ọ bụ akpọnwụ maka iji ya dị ka nri nri. [1] Stover adọtala ụfọdụ anya dị ka isi mmanụ mmanụ, yana dị ka biomass maka gbaa ụka ma ọ bụ dị ka nri nri maka mmepụta ethanol cellulosic.[2] [3] A pụkwara iji ihe nchekwa sitere n'ubi dị iche iche mee nkwadebe maka ero  

Okwu *stover* sitere na okwu iwu Bekee estovers, na-ezo aka na ikike nke ndị bi na ya nwere ịkpụ osisi.

## Hụkwa

* Mkpụrụ ọka
* Ihe ọkụkụ fọdụrụnụ

## Ihe edeturu
Ramesh Singh Pal

Dr. Ramesh Singh Pal bụ ọkà mmụta sayensị India na onye edemede.  Dọkịta Pal ebipụtala nchọpụta nyocha ya site n'ọtụtụ akụkọ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ dị iche iche a ma ama. Ahọpụtala Dr Pal ka ọ bụrụ ọkachamara nke UNESCO Inclusive Policy Lab na Jenụwarị 2021.

## Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
Ramesh Singh Pal mere PhD ya na GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology. Emechara nweta ntozu sitere na Ọrụ nyocha Agricultural (ICAR, India) n'okpuru Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare na 2010. Ugbu a, a maara ya dị ka nnukwu ọkà mmụta sayensị na onye edemede.

## akwụkwọ
Nke a ma ama n'ime akwụkwọ ndị Ramesh Singh Pal dere bụ Apna Swaroop (Hindi) n'afọ 2018, Amamihe Ime Mmụọ n'afọ 2020: Ndenye akwadoro maka ịga nke ọma na obi ụtọ (Bekee) Na usoro mgbanwe na afọ 2023 (Hindi).  Agụnyela akwụkwọ Dr. Pal n'ọbá akwụkwọ nke Ụlọ Omeiwu nke mba ahụ. 

## Ntụaka

## mpụga njikọ

* 

* 

* 

*
Mark Stanley

**Mark Robert Speight**, onye a maara dịka **Mark Stanley**, bụ onye England na-eme ihe nkiri. A maara ya nke ọma maka ọrụ ya na Game of Thrones,  *Dickensian*,  na dị ka Rob Hepworth na usoro nke atọ nke ihe nkiri BBC Happy Valley .

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Mark Robert Speight  na Leeds. Ọ gara Allerton High School na Prince Henry's Grammar School, Otley, ebe ọ malitere ime ihe nkiri. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Guildhall School of Music and Drama na 2010.  

## Ihe nkiri

### Ihe nkiri

### Telivishọn

## Edensibia
Mar k StanlyGrenns spinoff akpụkpọ ụkwụ on Grenns spinoff show and the city 15 August 2013. Retrieved 22 July 2015. 
Walls Sara 
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Pádraic Delaney

**Pádraic Delaney** (amụrụ na 6 Nọvemba 1977) bụ onye Irish na-eme ihe nkiri nke a maara maka igwu egwu Teddy O'Donovan na ihe nkiri Ken Loach The Wind That Shakes the Barley, nke o nwetara nhọpụta IFTA yana aha Irish Shooting Star maka 2007 Berlin Film Festival. Na mgbakwunye, a maara ya maka ọrụ ya dị ka onye isi obodo England Lord George Boleyn, nwanne di nke Eze Henry nke Asatọ nke England na Showtime's The Tudors .

## Oge ọ malitere
A mụrụ Delaney na nne na nna Sheelagh na Michael Delaney. O nwere ụmụnne nwoke atọ tọrọ ya pphilipp, Conor na Emmett na ụmụnne nwanyị abụọ tọrọ taceey na Gemma. Ọ gara ccolaiste abb 

He originally studied engineering before dropping out after four months. He later Gaa ọmụmụ ihe na Beckett center na and graduated with a bachelor of Arts degree in Trinity College Dublin

## Ọrụ
Ọ malitere ime ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri, na-eme ihe nkiri na *Hamlet*, The Madman and the Nun, A Midsummer Night's Dream na The Hollow in the Sand. N'oge na-adịghị anya, Delaney gbakwunyere ihe nkiri na-eme ihe nkiri na nzaghachi ya, na-eme na ihe nkiri mkpirikpi nke 2003 An Cuainín, na 2005 na-apụta na usoro telivishọn Irish Pure Mule na The Clinic . Ọ gara n'ihu na-eduzi na usoro RTÉ Legend . 

Ọ bụ n'afọ 2006 ka ọ pụtara n'ihu ndị na-ege ntị mba ụwa dị ka onye Irish na-eme mgbanwe Teddy O'Donovan na Ken Loach's The Wind That Shakes the Barley, n'ihu Cillian Murphy. Ihe nkiri ahụ meriri Palme D'Or na 2006 Cannes Film Festival, a họpụtakwara Delaney maka ihe nrite abụọ nke 2007 Irish Film and Television Awards: Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma na ọrụ nkwado na talent ọganihu. A na-asọpụrụ Delaney dị ka Irish Shooting Star maka 2007 site na Berlin International Film Festival.

Delaney bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri nke usoro Showtime The Tudors nke ọ na-eme nwanne Anne Boleyn George  ya na Jonathan Rhys Meyers dị ka Eze Henry nke Asatọ. 

Na ngwụcha afọ 2007, Delaney pụtara n'elu ikpo okwu na Tricycle Theatre na ọrụ Nna Flynn na egwuregwu John Patrick Shanley bụ Doubt: A Parable .

Ya na Cillian Murphy na Liam Cunningham jikọtara na 2009, ndị otu ya na The Wind That Shakes The Barley, maka ihe ọchị Perriers Bounty .

N'afọ 2010, o mere ihe nkiri nke Sundance na ọdịda anyanwụ *Blackthorn* n'akụkụ Sam Shepard, Eduardo Noriega, Stephen Rea na Nikolaj Coster-Waldau.

N'agbata afọ 2013 na afọ 2014, ọ pụtara na ihe nkiri ọchị ọchị nke Martin McDonagh The Cripple of Inishmaan n'akụkụ Daniel Radcliffe, nke malitere na West End nke London wee kwaga Broadway.

N'afọ 2015, ya na Dev Patel na Jeremy Irons gbara na The Man Who Knew Infinity . Delaney rụrụ ọrụ na Jeremy Renner's Knightfall, nke gosipụtara na 2017.

Delaney bi na London, England.   &#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Ihe nkiri

### Ihe nkiri

### Telivishọn

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Stratification (mkpụrụ)

N'ihe ọkụkụ, stratification bụ usoro ọgwụgwọ mkpụrụ iji mee ka ọnọdụ okike nke mkpụrụ osisi ahụ ga-enweta tupu ịmalite ịmalite. Ọtụtụ ụdị mkpụrụ osisi nwere oge dormancy embrayo na-agaghị esikwa pulite ruo mgbe ezumike a mebiri.

Enwere ike ịchọta okwu stratification azụ na opekata mpe 1664 na John Evelyn's Sylva, ma ọ bụ Okwu nke Forest-Trees and the Propagation of Timber, [2] ebe etinyere mkpụrụ osisi (stratified) n'etiti ala mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ ma kpughee strata ahụ. ọnọdụ oyi. N'ihi ya, stratification ghọrọ usoro nke mkpụrụ osisi na-eji artificially kpughee ọnọdụ iji kwalite germination.

## Nchịkọta oyi
oyi stratification bụ usoro nke itinye mkpụrụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ oyi na nke mmiri. Mkpụrụ nke ọtụtụ osisi, obere osisi na osisi ndị na-adịgide adịgide chọrọ ọnọdụ ndị a tupu ntolite.   &#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

N'ọhịa, a na-emekarị ụra mkpụrụ na-ehi ụra site na oge mkpụrụ na-anọ n'ala n'oge oyi ma nwee mkpuchi mkpụrụ ya siri ike nke oyi na ihu igwe. Site n'ime nke a, mkpụrụ ahụ na-agafe ụdị okike nke "okpomọkụ" ma ọ bụ tupu ọgwụgwọ. Oge oyi a na-ekpo ọkụ na-akpali mkpụrụ ahụ; uto ya na mgbasawanye ya na-esote na-emecha mebie mkpuchi mkpụrụ ahụ dị nro na ọchụchọ ya maka anyanwụ na ihe oriri.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

oyi na-eme ka usoro okike site na itinye mkpụrụ n'ime ala dị jụụ (nke kachasị mma +1 ruo +3 ) maka oge otu ọnwa ruo ọnwa atọ. A na-etinye mkpụrụ n'ime ihe dị ka vermiculite, peat, ma ọ bụ ájá ma tinye ya na friji n'ime akpa plastik ma ọ bụ akpa mechiri emechi. Ịtinye mkpụrụ n'ime mmiri oyi ruo awa 6-12 tupu etinye ha n'ime oyi nwere ike belata oge achọrọ maka stratification, dịka mkpụrụ ahụ chọrọ ịmị mmiri iji mee ka mgbanwe kemịkal na-ewere ọnọdụ.   &#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

Ojiji nke fungicide iji mee ka vermiculite dị nro ga-enyere aka igbochi ọrịa fungal. [[Chinosol]] ([[8-quinolyl potassium sulfate]] ) bụ otu n'ime ọgwụ fungicide a na-eji egbochi ọrịa ''Botrytis cinerea''. 

== Ọdịdị okpomọkụ na oyi ==
Mkpụrụ ọ bụla nke egosiri dị ka nke chọrọ oge okpomọkụ na-esote okpomọkụ okpomọkụ ga-etinye n'okpuru otu usoro ahụ, mana a ga-etinye mkpụrụ ahụ na mpaghara na-ekpo ọkụ na mbụ, na-esochi oge oyi na friji mgbe e mesịrị. Ọdịdị dị ọkụ chọrọ okpomọkụ nke 15-20  . N'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, a pụkwara izute usoro okpomọkụ na-esote ihe ndị oyi chọrọ site n'ịkụ mkpụrụ n'oge okpomọkụ n'elu àkwà maka ịtụ anya ntolite n'oge opupu ihe ubi na-eso ya. Mkpụrụ ụfọdụ nwere ike ọ gaghị epulite ruo n'oge opupu ihe ubi nke abụọ.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

## Hụkwa

* Scarification (botany) - usoro iji melite ntolite site n'ime ka mkpụrụ dịkwuo mfe
* Vernalization - induction nke okooko osisi site na oyi

## Ebem si dee
Njikọ Ụmụ nwanyị nke Turkmenistan

**nistan** (**TZB**; Women's Union of Turkmenistan (TZB; Turkmen: Türkmenistanyň zenanlar birleşigi) bụ ọgbakọ ụmụ nwanyị na Turkmenistan.  Ruo ogologo oge, otu ụmụ nwanyị bụ naanị otu ndị inyom e nyere ikike na mba ahụ.[2]  N'ịkwado maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị, nzukọ a pụtara dị ka ọgbakọ na-abụghị nke gọọmentị, mana n'eziokwu, ndị otu ụmụ nwanyị nwere njikọ chiri anya na gọọmentị na-achịkwa ya.[3].

Ruo ọnwụ nke onye isi ala mbụ nke Turkmenistan, Saparmurat Niyazov, Women's Union of Turkmenistan bu aha nne Saparmura Niyazov, Gurbansoltan Eje, onye, n'oge ọchịchị Niyazov, a na-ewere ya dị ka dike mba nke Turkmenstan, a gụrụ ọtụtụ ihe aha ya, dị ka okporo ámá, ihe ndị ọzọ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, obodo Gurbanseltan eje), usoro nke otu aha, aha ọnwa Eprel na Kalenda Turkmen. N'iṅomi omume a na-ahụ n'ọtụtụ steeti ndị Kọmunist (dịka ọmụmaatụ Socialist Women's Union na DFRF na North Korea), Women's Association bụ onye otu Movement for National Revival (Galkynysh), nke Niyazov na-achịkwa.  

N'oge e nwere Kansụl Ndị Mmadụ mbụ, a na-anọchite anya Women's Union na kansụl ahụ.  A kwụsịrị omume a site na iwepụ kansụl ahụ na 2008. Otú ọ dị, na-agbaso nsonaazụ nke Ntuli aka ndị omeiwu nke afọ 2013, nzukọ ahụ, dị ka òtù na òtù ndị ọzọ (ewepu Democratic Party of Turkmenistan, nke na-achịkwa mba ahụ kemgbe 1991), banyere na Mejlis nke Turkmenistan na nke mbụ (16 n'ime oche 125 na Mejles) wee nọgide ruo na ntuli aka 2018.
Lalit (Mauritius)

Lalit bụ otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị aka ekpe na Republic of Mauritius. Ọ na-emegide njikwa onwe ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla ọzọ na-akwadoghị ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya nke ọrụ gọọmentị. Dị ka webụsaịtị ya si kwuo, e mepụtara otu ahụ ka ọ bụrụ "akwụkwọ akụkọ na-egosipụta onwe ya kwa ọnwa" nke aha ya bụ "Lalit de Klas" (Bekee: "Class Struggle") na 1976.[1] "Lalit" pụtara "mgba" na Mauritian Creole. Otu ahụ, nke malitere dị ka ọdịdị n'ime Mauritian Militant Movement, kewara ya na 1981, mgbe MMM kwupụtara na ọ na-amalite usoro iwu nke "New Social Consensus", nke Lalit hụrụ dị ka amụma nke imekọ ihe ọnụ na isi obodo. [2

Lalit na-achọ ihe ọ na-akpọ "akụnụba ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọzọ",  ma na-arụ ọrụ maka nlekọta gburugburu ebe obibi, megide mmegide na ịta ahụhụ, na maka Nnwere onwe ụmụ nwanyị. Lalit na-emegide ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na ojiji nke akara okpukpe maka ebumnuche gọọmentị. Ndị na-azọ ọkwa ya na ntuli aka nke National Assembly nke afọ 2005 onye ọ bụla wepụtara nhazi iwu ọ ga-eji site na okpu, n'agbanyeghị "agbụrụ" ma ọ bụ okpukpe nke onye na-azọrọ ọ bụ. Ndị otu ahụ enwetaghị oche na Nzukọ ahụ.

Ndị otu ahụ na-emegide ọnụnọ nke ndị agha Anglo-American na agwaetiti Diego Garcia  nke bụ akụkụ nke Republic of Mauritius.

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga
Òtù Ụmụ nwanyị Finland

The **Finnish Women's Association** (, ) is a Finnish women's rights organisation.  E hiwere ya na 1884, ọ bụkwa òtù ụmụ nwanyị kachasị ochie na Finland. Nzukọ ahụ bụ onye na-ebipụta magazin ụmụ nwanyị, kotii ja yhteiskunta (1889_2911), nke Alexandra Gripenberg deziri ọ bụ onye otu njikọ mba ụwa nke Women, nke nwere ọnọdụ ndụmọdụ n'ozuzu.

## Ndị isi ala

* Elisabeth Löfgren 1884-1889
* Alexandra Gripenberg 1889-1904
* Elin Sjöström 1904-1909
* Alexandra Gripenberg 1909-1913
* Ilmi Hallstén 1913-1937
* Armi Hallstén-Kallia 1937-1955
* Kerttu Sihvonen 1955-1960
* Tyyni Tuulio 1960-1970

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga
Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Ụmụ nwanyị na Fiji

Fiji Women's Rights Movement (FWRM) bụ òtù nwere ọtụtụ agbụrụ na ọtụtụ ọdịbendị nke dị na Suva, Fiji, nke na-arụ ọrụ iji wepụ ịkpa ókè megide ụmụ nwanyị site na mgbanwe àgwà na mgbanwe ụlọ ọrụ. FWRM kwenyere na omume na nkwalite nke ụmụ nwanyị, ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, ezi ọchịchị na ikike mmadụ.  A maara FWRM maka mmegide ọha na eze megide ọchịchị ndị agha na Fiji kemgbe nnupụisi mbụ na 1987,  na maka ụzọ ọhụrụ ya na mmemme ndị metụtara idu ndú ụmụ nwanyị na Fiji, ọkachasị ụmụ agbọghọ, ụmụ amaala na ụmụ nwanyị a mụrụ n'ógbè ahụ. 

N'afọ 2016, FWRM malitere Girls Digital Stories, ọrụ e mere iji merie mmegbu na ịkpa ókè, site na akụkọ nke ụmụ agbọghọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, na-eji akụkọ na nka dijitalụ.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Fiji aka Fiji. Ndị guzobere ya gụnyere Shamima Ali nke FWCC, onye ọka iwu na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ Imrana Jalal, Adi Kuini Bavadra, Alefina Vuki, Helen Sutherland, 'Atu Emberson-Bain, Michelle Reddy, na Penelope Moore (onye ghọrọ onye nhazi mbụ ma ọ bụ onye isi nchịkwa FWRM). The Ndị otu ntọala gụnyere FWCC shamima Ali, onye ọka iwu ikike mmadụ imrana jalai, Adim Kuini bavadra, alefina vuki, Helen Sutherland, atu emberson Bain, Michelle reddy na penelope Moore (onye ghọrọ FWRM onye nhazi mbụ ma ọ bụ onye isi nchịkwa . 

Onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Virisila Buadromo bụ onye isi nchịkwa nke nzukọ ahụ site na 2001 ruo 2015, mgbe Tara Chetty weghaara ya.

## Ihe ndị ọ rụzuru
A maara Fiji Women's Rights Movement maka ọrụ ya n'ịkwalite itinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ụmụ nwanyị, gụnyere site na mgbanwe iwu.  FWRM, ya na ndị mmekọ ya FemlinkPACIFIC, National Council of Women (Fiji), na Soqosoqovakamarama iTaukei, guzobere Fiji Women's Forum na 2012 iji mụbaa ụmụ nwanyị na-ekere òkè na idu ndú. Ọ bụ ezie na Fiji nwere otu n'ime ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu nke ụmụ nwanyị na ndị omeiwu na Pacific (16% na 2014), FWRM na Fiji Women's Forum kpebisiri ike imeziwanye nnọchite anya ụmụ nwanyị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ndụ ọha. 

A na-akpọ mmemme FWRM maka inye ụmụ agbọghọ ike, nke a maara dị ka *GIRLS* (Grow-Inspire-Relate-Lead-Succeed) "otu n'ime ọrụ Fiji, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị mpaghara ahụ, ọrụ nhata nwoke na nwanyị kachasị mma maka ụmụ agbọghọ dị afọ iri na abụọ".   Nke a bụ akụkụ nke mgbalị dị mkpa nke nzukọ ahụ na-akwado idu ndú ụmụ nwanyị n'etiti ọgbọ na Fiji na Pacific.

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga
Njikọ Finska

Finska Federationen ( 'Finnish Federation'; Finnish: Suomen Siveellisyysseura), bụ Finnish yiri nke British Ladies National Association for the Repeal of the Contagious Diseases Acts. E guzobere ya na 1880 na ebumnuche ịkagbu ihe a na-akpọ usoro iwu, nke chọrọ ka ụmụ nwanyị akwụna debanye aha na nyocha ahụike mgbe niile iji gbochie Ọrịa a na-ebute site na mmekọahụ.

Ọ bụ nwunye dọkịta ahụ bụ Constance Ekelund (1850-1889) tụrụ aro ya, mgbe ọ gachara Sweden na Copenhagen ma hụ ọrụ nke Swedish Federation na Foreningen mod Lov alum maka Usædelighed. Ndị otu ebe ma ndị ikom ma ndị inyom na-eme mkpesa megide ụkpụrụ mmekọahụ abụọ nke usoro iwu gosipụtara.

Mkpakọrịta ahụ jisiri ike nwee A machibidoro ụlọ akwụna iwu n'isi obodo Helsinki na 884, na mgbanwe abụọ na nhazi nke iwu ọrịa Venereal na 1994 na 1896, mgbe e wepụrụ njikwa ọrịa Venereal n'aka ndị uwe ojii ma bufee ya na ndị ọchịchị nlekọta ahụike na 1907, Federation weere ihe mgbaru ọsọ ha ka e nweta 

## Hụkwa

* Nkọwapụta nke Ịhụnanya maka Usædelighed
* Njikọ Svenska
* Arụmụka gbasara omume mmekọahụ nke Nordic
* Njikọ Portuguese Abolitionist

## Edensibia
CLADEM

**CLADEM** (ma ọ bụ Committee for Latin America and the Caribbean for the Defense of Women's Rights; Committee of Latin America and El Caribe para la Defensa de los Derechos de la Mujeres) bụ netwọk NGO mba ụwa nke òtù ụmụ nwanyị na ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe. E guzobere ya July 3, 1987 (afọ 37 gara aga) na San Jose, Costa Rica. E mepụtara ya mgbe mkparịta ụka gasịrị na 1985 na nzukọ ụwa nke 3 banyere ụmụ nwanyị nke United Nations na Nairobi ebe ndị bịaranụ kwuru na ọ dị mkpa maka atụmatụ ndị dabeere na mpaghara iji kwalite nkwado na Latin America na Caribbean. E debara aha nzukọ ahụ n'ụzọ iwu na 1989in Loma na Peru Kemgbe afọ 1995, ọ nọ na-enwe Ọnọdụ Ntụziaka nke Abụọ na United Nations, ma kemgbe afọ 2002, ọ sonyere n'ihe gbasara Organization of American States.

## Ndị otu a ma ama
Ndị otu ya gụnyere Susana Chiarotti onye bụ onye ọka iwu Argentine na-eme mkpọsa maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị.

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga
Njikọ Ụmụ nwanyị Costa Rican

Liga Feminista Costarricense (Costa Rican Feminist League) bụ òtù ụmụ nwanyị mbụ e guzobere na Costa Rica. N'afọ 1923, onye na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị na Mexico bụ Elena Arizmendi Mejia onye bi na New York ma na-ebipụta ụlọ  ahịa Feminismo mba ụwa(International Feminism) kpọrọ ụmụ nwanyị n'ụwa niile ka ha mepụta ndị enyemaka nke International njikọ Iberian ṅà Latịn American ụmụnwanyị na 12 Ọktoba nke afọ ahụ. N'ihi ya, Ángela Acuña Braun kpọkọtara otu ìgwè iji guzobe Liga Feminista Costarricense (LFC), òtù ụmụ nwanyị mbụ na Costa Rica. Ndị otu mbụ bụ Acuña (onye isi ala), Esther De Mezerville (onye isi oche), Ana Rosa Chacón (odeakwụkwọ), na ndị sonyere María Ester Acuña, Isabel Calderón, Lela Campos, Sara Casal nke Quiróz, Rosario Floripe, Lidia Fernández, América de Hern, Ana María Loaiza, Vitalia Madrigal, Marita O'Leary de Hine, Corina Rodríguez, María del Rosario Burgos, Marta Sancho, María Teresa Villegas na María Isabel Zamora
Pasent iri ise nke ụmụ nwanyị ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla Dynamic

The Fifty Percent Women ma ọ bụ Nothing Dynamic (French: dynamique 50 pourcent femmes ou rien) bụ a mkpọsa otu dabeere na South Kivu, uniting ọtụtụ obodo ụmụ nwanyị òtù na Democratic Republic of Congo. Òtù ahụ na-akpọ maka mmejuputa iwu zuru oke nke Nkeji edemede 14 nke Iwu ahụ, nke na-ekwe nkwa nwoke na nwanyị parity na njikwa nke ihe gbasara ọha na eze na mba, mpaghara na mpaghara 

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2019, Dynamic kwadoro Jeanine Mabunda maka ọkwa onye isi oche nke National Assembly. 

N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2019, Dynamic malitere usoro ngagharị iwe na South Kivu, na-emegide iwu na mkpebi nke Gọvanọ Théo Ngwabidje nke wepụrụ ụmụ nwanyị na gọọmentị mpaghara:
 
Na Jenụwarị 2021, n'etiti mkparịta ụka banyere ịmepụta gọọmentị na-egosipụta 'Sacred Union of the Nation', otu ahụ kpọrọ Onye isi ala Félix Tshisekedi ka o hụ na ndị omeiwu nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ zuru oke na gọọmentị mba ahụ. 

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga
Njem Ensaf

Mgbako ensafe(Arabic, ma ọ bụ "mgbako maka ikpe ziri ezi") bụ òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-akwado ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na Libya. Ọ bụ Mohammad Alareshiya na-eduzi pati ahụ ma guzobe ya na mbido afọ 2014. Òtù ahụ na-akwado ikike ndị ọrụ, nke ụwa, nke ụmụ nwanyị na nkewa nke ndị agha. Onye guzobere ya na onye ndú ya ugbu a na-eje ozi dị ka naanị onye otu ya na Kansụl Onye isi ala.

## Echiche
Ihe omume ahụ kwuru na ọ bụ Ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na ihe nlereanya Nordic dị ka ihe mkpali maka mmemme ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya. Ọ na-emegide nkeonwe ma na-adọ aka ná ntị megide nsonaazụ nke ịgbazinye ego site na IMF na ulo aku uwa.

## Ihe odide