open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Magdalena Sauer

**Magdalena Sauer** (ubochí isii n'ọnwa Mee 1890 rụo ụbọchị irí n'ọnwa Ọktoba 1983) bụ nwanyị mbụ rúrú eru ịrụ ọrụ dị ka ónyé na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na South Africa.

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Magdalena Gertruide Sauer na Kenilworth, Cape Town, nwa nwanyị nke Jacobus Wilhelmus Sauer na Mary Cloete Sauer. Nnà ya bụ ónyé ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị a ma ama, nné ya bụ ezigbo enyi ónyé édémédé Olive Schreiner. Nwanne ya nwoke, Paul Oliver Sauer, ghọkwara ónyé ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị; a gụrụ ya aha Sauer Commission.  A zụlitere ya na Kenilworth na ugbo ezinụlọ dị nso na Stellenbosch. Ọ gara Mahadum nke Cape Town, nweta nzere na sayensị na 1911. Ọ gàrà n'ihu na ọzụzụ na ihe owuwu dị ka ónyé a na-enye ọzụzụ na Durban, na England na Architectural Association School of Architecture na London.

## Ọrụ
thumb|Cape Town Bo-Kaap 188 ruo 200 Longmarket St na ụlọ alakụba; Magda Sauer weghachiri ọtụtụ n'ime ụlọ ndị dị na foto a n'afọ ndị 1940
Mgbè ọ gụsịrị ọzụzụ ya n'ihe owuwu, ọ debanyere áhà na Institute of South African Architects na 1927. O lekwasịrị ányá dị ka ụlọ obibi na mweghachi nke ụlọ ochie. Otu n'ime ọrụ ya bụ iweghachi ụlọ dị na Shortmarket, Longmarket, Rose, na Chiappini Streets na Bo-Kaap nke Cape Town (nke a na-akpọ Malay Quarter) n'afọ 1940 (ya na Reg de Smit), na ịmepụta South African Cultural History Museum site na ụlọ ikpe kachasị elu n'afọ 1960 (ụlọ ahụ nwéré ebe ngosi ihe mgbè ochie Slave Lodge kemgbe 1998).  Ọ lara ezumike nká n'ọrụ iwu ụlọ n'afọ 1965. Kemgbe ahụ, a na-ekwupụta ọrụ abụọ ahụ dị ka ebe nchekwa akụkọ ihe mere eme.

Dị ka ọrụ dị n'akụkụ, Sauer dere nkatọ nka màkà akwụkwọ akụkọ *Die Burger*.

## Ndụ onwe onye
Ọ lụrụ otu ugboro, n'oge dị mkpirikpi, Trygve Strömsöe, ónyé injinia Norwegian nke mepụtara Table Mountain Aerial Cableway. Nwa ha nwanyị Karin Strömsöe, amụrụ na 1924, ghọrọ ónyé na-ese ihe na ónyé na-ede akwụkwọ. Magdalena Sauer nwụrụ na 1983, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri itoolu na atọ.

## Edensibia
Diana Page

**Diana Page** (amụrụ n'afọ 1965) bụ onye na-ese ihe, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-etinye ihe nkiri sitere na South Africa mana ọ bi na Istanbul, Turkey ugbu a. N'ịchọpụta ahụmịhe nke ịgagharị n'etiti ụlọ abụọ a, ihe osise Page na-emetụta echiche nke ijikọ ụwa ọnụ na ụdị ndụ na-akwagharị akwagharị. Site na ihe eserese, arụmọrụ, ntinye, na vidiyo, Page na-enyocha gburugburu obodo ọ bi dị ka ọnọdụ mmetụta uche yana nke anụ ahụ.
thumb|Na-emetụta Obodo 2012, EkSe
thumb|Na-emetụta Obodo 2012, EkSe

## Ọrụ
N'afọ 2022, ihe ngosi nke Page, Walking on a rim of light, nke gụnyere ihe osise ndị dabeere na foto na mbipụta dijitalụ, gosipụtara na Oliewenhuis Art Museum (Reservoir) site na 24 Febụwarị ruo 10 Eprel 2022.

### Agụmakwụkwọ
Page nwetara nzere BA Honours site na Mahadum Natal, 1986, HDE site na Machịum Cape Town, 1987, na Master na Fine Arts site na Maazị Rhodes, 1992.

### Ihe ngosi

* Infecting na City Public Art Festival, Cape Town, 2012
* Mmiri ya: Obodo Mmiri na Ihe Ndị A Na-adịghị Ahụ Anya 2012, Venice
* N'etiti agba na akara, Diana Page & Joicy Koothur 2012, Ouvroir d'Art, Istanbul
* Mgbe ahụ Ugbu a Next Diana Page & Justin Eccles Ouvroir dArt, Beyoglu, Istanbul
* Ụgbọ mmiri na nrọ Arnavutkoy Art Gallery, Istanbul, 2010
* Mepụtara ihe ngosi "Pitch Blue" na Redhook, Brooklyn (Axis Gallery), 2008
* Ihe owuwu "Kadinin Sesleri", Galata, Istanbul, 2007
* 360Istanbul, Beyoglu, Istanbul, 2007
* Obodo ndị a na-amaghị ama, Buchanan Square, Woodstock, Cape Town, 2006
* Irma Stern, Diana Page & Jane Young, 2005
* Association of Visual Arts, Cape Town, 2003
* Karen McKerron Gallery, Johannesburg, 2001
* Mmetụta nke oghere Chelsea Gallery Cape Town, 1996
* Ndị njem ala nsọ Chelsea Gallery Cape Town, 1995
* Ụlọ Ahịa Na-aga N'Ụlọ Johannesburg, 1993
* Ịga n'Ụlọ Grahamstown Arts Festival, 1992

## Ebe a na-ese foto

Usòrò:Diana_Page_IMG1813.JPG|
Usòrò:Infecting_EkSe_DiannePage_SydelleWillowSmith_20120308_(6).jpg|


## Ebensidee

## Njikọ mpụga

* http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/default.aspx?pageid=438&n=south-african-artist-depicts-merging-moments-in-istanbul-2011-01-13
* https://web.archive.org/web/20160305000724/http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?load=detay&link=204228
* Infeiting the City, 2012:
** https://www.flickr.com/photos/infectingthecity/6820427746/in/photostream
** https://www.flickr.com/photos/infectingthecity/6966561871/
** https://www.flickr.com/photos/infectingthecity/6845873423/in/photostream
* *Ịga ije* n'elu Rim nke Ìhè: 

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Emil Nofal

**Emil Nofal** (1926 - 18 Julaị 1986) bụ onye nduzi ihe nkiri South Africa, onye na-emepụta ihe nakwa onye na-ede ihe nkiri.

## Ihe nkiri ndị a họọrọ
**Onye nduzi**

* *Abụ nke Africa* (1951)
* *Kimberley Jim* (1965)
* *Wild Season* (1967)
* *My Way* (1973)
* *Ndị Super-Jocks* (1980)

**Onye na-eme ihe nkiri**

* All the Way to Paris (1965)

## Ebensidee

## Njikọ mpụga

*
Gerard Moerdijk

thumb|Ụlọ Moerdyk, Pretoria
**Gerard Leendert Pieter Moerdijk** (ugbo Zwaershoek dị nso na Nylstroom, Transvaal, ubochí ànó n'ọnwa Machị 1890 意 Nylstrome rụo ụbọchị iri abụo na itoolu n'ọnwa Machị 1958), nke a makwaara dị ka **Gerard Moerdyk**, bụ onye South Africa na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke a maara nke ọma màkà ịmepụta ihe ncheta Voortrekker na Pretoria.

## Mbido ndụ, agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ
Nné na nnà Moerdyk bụ ndị Dutch kwagara South Africa na 1888.

N'oge Agha nke Abụọ nke Boer (1899-1902) Gerard Moerdyk (ónyé dị afọ irí n'oge ahụ) nọ n'ogige ịta ahụhụ Standerton ya na nné ya, ụmụnne nwoke abụọ na ụmụnne nwanyị abụọ. Mgbè agha ahụ gasịrị, ezinụlọ ahụ biri na Pretoria ebe Gerard gara ónyé bu ụzọ na Pretoria Boys High School. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na nsọpụrụ na 1909 wee rụọ eru dị ka onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na Architectural Association na England. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na France rụọ oge ụfọdụ ma hụ ụlọ Roman na Renaissance na Ịtali.

Moerdyk bụ ónyé South Africa mbụ ịbụ ónyé mmekọ nke Royal Institute of British Architects.

### Ihe Ncheta Voortrekker
thumb|333x333px|<div class="center">Ihe Ncheta Voortrekker na Pretoria</div>
A na-ewere ihe ncheta Voortrekker na Proclamation Hill na mpụga ndịda Pretoria dị ka ọrụ nka Moerdyk. Ọ bụ ónyé Freemason nke South Africa.

## Ihe Nketa
E mere ma wuo Dutch Reformed Church na Piet Retief na 1921.

A na-akpọ ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ a ma ama nke ndị Africa na mpaghara Pretoria Arcadia Gerard Moerdyk Restaurant, n'aha ya.

## Hụkwa

* Ihe nnọchianya nke oghere na ihe ncheta Voortrekker

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Gerard Moerdyk na ihe oyiyi nke ihe ncheta Voortrekker
Rex Distin Martienssen

**Rex Distin Martienssen** ARIBA CIAM (ubochí irí abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Febụwarị 1905, Queenstown, Cape Colony rụo ụbọchị irí abụọ na àtó n'ọnwa Ọgọst 1942, Pretoria) bụ ónyé South Africa na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke Le Corbusier nwéré mmetụta dị ukwuu ma na-eduga otu ihe owuwu nke ógè a na South Africa. 

N'ihi ọnwụ ya n'oge ọ na-enweta ọzụzụ dị ka ónyé ísí na South African Air Force na Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, Martienssen enweghị ike itinye ọtụtụ n'ime echiche ya n'ọrụ, mànà ọ hapụrụ ihe nketa bara ụba nke ihe odide nye ndị ga-abịa n'ọdịnihu. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Witwatersrand wee nweta B.Arch. na 1930, M.Arch na 1940 na D.Litt. na 1941. Ọ ghọkwara ónyé mmekọ nke Royal Institute of British Architects na 1930 na 1939 a họpụtara ya dịka ónyé isi óchè nke *Transvaal Institute of Architects*. Ọ ghọrọ ónyé nkuzi dị elu na ihe owuwu na Mahadum Witwatersrand ma rụọ ọrụ dị ka ónyé isi nwa oge nke ngalaba ahụ. Ọ ghọrọ ónyé otu Faculty nke Injinia na 1937 na nke Faculty of Architecture na 1940. Ọ gàrà Europe ugboro ugboro iji mara mgbanwe na echiche ọhụrụ. N'otu n'ime njem ya na mbà ọzọ na 1934 ọ zutere Le Corbusier, nke ga-abụ mmalite nke ọbụbụenyi na-adịgide adịgide. N'otu afọ ahụ, Martienssen guzobere ọrụ na Johannesburg, ma mepụta ụlọ nke ya Martienssen na Greenside, ụlọ dị ịrịba ama ọbụna site na ụkpụrụ dị ugbu a.

Ọ ghọrọ ónyé nchịkọta akụkọ nke South African Architectural Record na 1932 ma bipụta *ihe* dị ka isiokwu irí ànó na Greek, Renaissance na ụlọ nke ógè a. E bipụtara akwụkwọ edemede ya, The Idea of Space in Greek Architecture, mgbè ọ nwụsịrị na 1956. N'afọ 1937, Le Corbusier họpụtara ya wee bụrụ ónyé otu Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne .

Rex Martienssen lụrụ ónyé na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na ọkọ akụkọ ihe méré eme Prọfesọ Heather Martienssen nke Ngalaba Fine Arts nke Mahadum Witwatersrand bụ nwanyị mbụ prọfesọ na mahadum ahụ.

## Ebe e si nweta ya

* Standard Encyclopaedia of Southern Africa vol.7 (Nasou, Cape Town 1972)
Kerry McNamara

thumb|Mahadum sayensị na teknụzụ nke Namibia na etiti Windhoek. Ọ bụ Kerry McNamara Architects haziri ụlọ niile dị na ogige a
**Kerry McNamara** (Ọgọst 1940 na Kuruman rụo ụbọchị irí na isii n'ọnwa Jenụwarị 2017 na Swakopmund) bụ ónyé Namibia bụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na ónyé na-emegide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ.

A mụrụ McNamara n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1940 na Kuruman na mpaghara Northern Cape nke South Africa. N'afọ 1965, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Cape Town wee kwaga South-West Africa n'oge na-adịghị ányá mgbè nke ahụ gasịrị. Ọrụ owuwu mbụ ya bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị teknụzụ dị na Ongwediva, nke e mechara kpọwa Ongwediva Training College. O guzobere *Kerry McNamara na* Associates na 1977, ụlọ ọrụ na 1988 nke a gbanwere aha ya ka ọ bụrụ *Kerry McNamar Architects*.

N'oge ọ na-arụ ọrụ McNamara, o nyèrè áká n'ihe dị ka 1,170 architectural designs, nke a maara nkè ọma bụ Oshakati Open Market, ụlọ dị na Mahadum Sayensị na Teknụzụ nke Namibia, ụlọ ọrụ injinia nke Mahadum sayensị na teknụzụ, ngosipụta nkè Hoba meteorite dị nso na Grootfontein, na Rössing Foundation Adult Education Centre na Windhoek. Ọ natara nkwanye ùgwù màkà "ihe ọhụrụ ọ na-emepụta ebe ọha na eze", yana dịka "ónyé na-etinye ụkpụrụ na ala ụlọ Namibia". Ónyé ọrụ ibe ya Natanael Araseb kọwara ya dị ka "ónyé na-ahụ màkà ihe owuwu nke na-eme atụmatụ ọbọdọ ogologo ógè tupu e chepụta echiche ahụ". N'afọ 2010 ọ natara "Lifetime Achievement Award" site na ụlọ ọrụ Namibia Chamber of Architects.

Kerry McNamara bụ onye a ma ámá na-emegide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị na-akpali *atụmatụ udo nke Namibia 435*, otu ndị na-agba mbọ màkà mmejuputa mkpebi nke UN Security Council Resolution nọmba nké narị anọ na iri atọ na ise nke kpọrọ maka nnwere onwe nke Namibia na iwepụ ọchịchị ndị ọcha. Ọfịs nke The Namibian, akwụkwọ akụkọ na-akatọ ndị South Africa bi na South-West Africa ma na-akwado ndị SWAPO na-emegbu emegbu n'oge ahụ, ka a gbazitere ya n'aka ya, n'agbanyeghị na ndị agha na-akwado ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na-agba ọkụ ugboro ugboro. McNamara sokwa Niko Bessinger, ónyé isi ojii na-ewu ụlọ na ónyé isi SWAPO a ma ama, na-arụkọ ọrụ, na-amara na mmekọrịta a ga-efu ya ọtụtụ nkwekọrịta site na steeti na ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu.

McNamara nwụrụ site na ọrịa kansa n'ubochí irí na isii n'ọnwa Jenụwarị 2017 n'ụlọ ezumike nká ya na Swakopmund. Ọ lụrụ Shelagh McNamara; di na nwunye ahụ nwéré ụmụ nwoke atọ na nwa nwanyị.

## Edensibia
Mark Roper

**Mark Roper** (amụrụ na 16 Machị 1958) bụ odee na onye nduzi ihe nkiri South Africa. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka osote onye nduzi na ihe karịrị ihe nkiri iri anọ kemgbe afọ 1984.

## Ihe nkiri ndị a họọrọ

* *Ọrụ Shadowchaser IV* (1996)
* *Death, Deceit and Destiny Aboard the Orient Express* (2000)
* *Ndị agha mmiri* (2003)

## Ebensidee

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Joseph Michael Solomon

**Joseph Michael Solomon** (11 Disemba 1886 - 26 Ọgọst 1920) bụ onye South Africa na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Bishops (Diocesan College) na Rondebosch, Cape Town. Ọ lụrụ Jean Harkness (née Hamilton), onye na-eme ihe nkiri, na 1914.  Ụmụ ha gụnyere Olga na nwa nwoke aha ya bụ Paul.  O nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na mmepe ọdịbendị nke obodo ya ma bụrụ onye a ma ama dị ka onye ntụgharị ya kachasị nwee nkà n'oge ndụ ya dị mkpirikpi. N'ihi nrụgide dị ukwuu nke e nyere ya ọrụ ịhazi ụlọ Mahadum Cape Town na Rondebosch na iweghachi ebe obibi Vergelegen n'otu oge ahụ, o gburu onwe ya na 1920 mgbe ọ dị afọ iri atọ na atọ.

## Ebensidee
Durant Sihlali

Durant Sihlali (5 Machị 1935 - 2004), bụ onye na-ese ihe na South Africa. A mụrụ ya na Germiston, ọ bụ Onye isi nke Fine Arts na Federated Union of Black Artists (Fuba) site n'afọ 1983 ruo 2004 ma gosipụta ihe ngosi ya na Nuremberg, Athens, na Palermo.

## Akụkọ ndụ
Ọ gụrụ nka na Moroko Chiawelo Centre site na 1950 ruo 1953. Site na 1953 ruo 1958 ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ n'okpuru Cecil Skotnes na Polly Street Art Centre.

## Ọrụ
Ọrụ ya bụ nke oge a na nke dị adị na nke mbụ ya bụ agba mmiri. O mechara tụgharịa gaa n'ịkpụ ihe site na iji ígwè sitere na ụgbọ ala mebiri emebi. N'oge mmalite afọ 1980, Sihlali mepụtara usoro ihe osise osisi a tụrụ atụ nke ndị ọrụ na ebe a na-egwupụta coal nke Witwatersrand. O gosipụtara na Trees Collection Gallery na Beverly Hills. Dị ka nwunye Sihlali Anna si kwuo, ọ chọrọ mgbe niile ịmepụta ebe ngosi nka nke ọrụ ya.

## Ebe e si nweta ya

* 

## Ebensidee
Gordon Leith

thumb|Ogige Ntụrụndụ Johannesburg, 1932
**George Esslemont Gordon Leith** (1885-1965) bụ ónyé South Africa na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ.

## Ọrụ
Ọ malitere ọrụ ya na-arụ ọrụ màkà Herbert Baker.

Leith jere ozi dị ka ónyé isi na Royal Field Artillery (ma mesịa na-agbake site na mwakpo gas nke Western Front).

Leith bụ osote ónyé na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na Imperial War Graves Commission na England site na 1918 ruo 1920, tupu ọ laghachi South Africa, ebe o guzobere ọrụ nkè ya.

Ọrụ Leith gụnyere Calais Southern War Cemetery, France (191820), Johannesburg Park Station (1927), Town Hall, Bloemfontein (1920), South African Reserve Bank, Johannesburg (1938), na Queen Victoria Hospital, Johannesburg (1943).

## Ndụ onwe onye
Ọ lụrụ Ethel Mary Leith, nkè a mụrụ Cox (1888 Xing 1974). Nwá ha nwanyị Sarah Greenaway Leith (1918-2010), bụ onye ọkwọ ụgbọala na ónyé édémédé Britain, na ónyé na-eme ihe gbásárá Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ na Bletchley Park.

## Edensibia
Oliver Schmitz

**Oliver Schmitz** (amụrụ n'afọ 1960) bụ onye nduzi ihe nkiri na odee ihe nkiri nke South Africa. 

E gosipụtara ihe nkiri ya *Mapantsula* na ngalaba Un Certain Regard na 1988 Cannes Film Festival. E gosipụtakwara ihe nkiri ya nke afọ 2010 Life, Above All na ngalaba Un Certain Regard na 2010 Cannes Film Festival ma họrọ ya dị ka ntinye South Africa maka Best Foreign Language Film na 83rd Academy Awards. Ọ pụtara na nhọpụta ndị a mara n'ọkwa na Jenụwarị 2011.

## Ihe nkiri ndị a họọrọ

* *Mapantsula* (1988)
* *Akụkọ Hijack* (2000)
* *Paris*, m hụrụ gị n'anya (2006)
* *Owuwe Ihe Owu* na-egbu Egwu (2008)
* *Ndụ*, n'elu ihe niile (2010)
* *Ndị ọzụzụ* atụrụ na ndị na-egbu anụ (2016)

## Ihe nrite

* Black Reel Awards 2012 A họpụtara ya
* Black Reel Ihe nkiri Mba Ọzọ Dị Mma
* Dubai International Film Festival 2010 Won
* Durban International Film Festival 2010 meriri Best South African Film
* Muhr Asia Africa Special Jury Prize Feature Oliver Schmitz Nominated
* Muhr AsiaAfrica Award Best Film - Ihe ngosi Oliver Schmitz
* Image Awards 2012 Nominated Image Award Outstanding Foreign Motion Picture
* Leo Awards 2011 meriri Leo Best Screenwriting in a Feature Length DramaDennis Foon
* National Board of Review, USA 2010 meriri NBR Award Top Five Foreign Films

## Ebensidee

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:1960 births
Jans Rautenbach

**Jans Rautenbach** (22 Febụwarị 1936 2 Nọvemba 2016) bụ odee ihe nkiri si South Africa, onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri na onye nduzi. Ihe nkiri ya nke 1968 bụ Die Kandidaat gosipụtara esemokwu ma nweta ụfọdụ nyocha na South Africa, n'ihi nkatọ a na-ahụ maka usoro ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. Ihe nkiri ikpeazụ ya, *Abraham*, bụ ihe na-ewu ewu na ụlọ ọrụ South Africa.

## Ihe nkiri ndị a họọrọ
**Onye nduzi**

* *Nwụrụ Kandidaat* (1968)
* *Katrina* (1969)
* *Jannie Totsiens* (1970)
* *Pappalap* (1971)
* *Ongewenste Vreemdeling* (1974)
* *Eendag Op 'n Reendag* (1976)
* *My Way II* (1977)
* *Blink Stefaans* (1981)
* Broer Matie (1984)
* Niemand weint für immer [de] (1985)
* *Abraham* (2015)

## Ebensidee


## Akwụkwọ

* Tomaselli, Keyan Ihe nkiri nke ịkpa ókè agbụrụ: agbụrụ na klas na ihe nkiri South Africa.
* Jans Rautenbach, onye na-eme ihe ọchị, baanbreker n'onye edemede/Jans, bedroomsaaier na-echeta ihe (biography & memoirs, na Afrikaans). Genugtig Uitgewers, 2006.

## Njikọ mpụga

*
Laura Kurgan

**Laura Kurgan** bụ ónyé South African architect na osote prọfesọ na Columbia University Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation (GSAPP). Ọ na-eduzi interdisciplinary Center for Spatial Research na GSAPP, nke o guzobere dị ka Spatial Information Design Lab na 2004. Kemgbe afọ 1995, ónyé na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na-arụ ọrụ nkè ya na New York City nkè a na-akpọ Laura Kurgan Design.  É nyela ya Rockefeller Fellowship na Graham Foundation Grant. E gosipụtara ọrụ Kurgan na ụlọ ọrụ ndị a ma ama gụnyere ZKM Karlsruhe, Museum of Modern Art, New Museum na Venice Architecture Biennial.

## Ọrụ

### N'ebe dị anya: Map, Teknụzụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị
N'afọ 2013, MIT Press bipụtara akwụkwọ ya "Close Up at a Distance: Mapping, Technology and Politics". Akwụkwọ ahụ na-enyocha mmetụta nke teknụzụ ọhụụ nkè ógè a gụnyere GPS, mgbasa ozi nke data site na ịntanetị, na Google Earth na eserese mmekọrịta anụ ahụ na nke mebere emepe. Na nyocha Jennifer S. Light nke akwụkwọ ahụ, ọ na-ekwu na akụkụ kachasị ike nke isi mbido n'akwụkwọ ahụ bụ na ọ "na-ewebata ndị ọkachamara na-emepụta ihe na ụdị ọhụrụ nkè mgbasa ozi". E gosipụtara ọrụ ahụ na mkparịta ụka ya na Neil Brenner na Mahadum Princeton's School of Architecture n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2013.

### Ngwongwo Nde Dollar
N'ịbụ nke e kere na Spatial Information Design Lab na Mahadum Columbia na Justice Mapping Center, Million Dollar Blocks bụ ókwú Laura Kurgan na Eric Cadora chepụtara iji kọwaa ego ndị na-atụ ụtụ isi nwéré ike iji mee ka ndị mmadụ nọrọ n'otu obodo. Ọrụ ahụ jiri ozi sitere na usoro ikpe mpụ mepụta map nke gosipụtara ọnụ ọgụgụ búrú ibu nke ndị mmadụ a tụrụ mkpọrọ site na mpaghara ole na ole na ọbọdọ ise nke America. N'akwụkwọ édémédé ya na The Atlantic banyere ọrụ ahụ, Kurgan dere "Nationwide, a na-eme atụmatụ na ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ndị na-ahapụ ụlọ mkpọrọ ka e jidere n'ime afọ atọ. Ịkwaga n'ihu n'etiti ụlọ mkpọrọ na mpaghara ole na ole a na-ahụ ányà abụghị naanị na ọ na-efu ego na-eme ka ndụ obodo ghara ịdị mma. N'afọ 2008, e gosipụtara onyinyo sitere na ọrụ ahụ, nke akpọrọ "Architecture and Justice 1", na Museum of Modern Art na New York City maka ihe ngosi Design and the Elastic Mind. Ebe ọ bụ na Museum of Modern Art chịkọtara ọrụ ahụ. N'ime édémédé màkà ihe ngosi nke afọ 2008, n'oge na-adịbeghị ányá, e gosipụtara map Brooklyn site na ọrụ ahụ ọzọ na Museum of Modern Art màkà ihe ngosi ya Scenes for a New Heritage: Contemporary Art from the Collection. N'ime katalọgụ màkà ihe ngosi Design and the Elastic Mind, nke ónyé nhazi Paola Antonelli dezigharịrị, ónyé na-akụzi ihe n'ọbọdọ ukwu Peter Hall kwuru na ọrụ ahụ, "na-enye ụdị ihe atụ ọhụrụ màkà nyocha dị oke egwu".

### Ịwụli Nnukwu Firewall
Emere ya na ndị otu sitere na Spatial Information Design Lab, Pen American Center na Brown Institute for Media Innovation, ọrụ a nyochara nkwupụta n'efu n'ịntanetị na China. Dị ka onye isi nchọpụta, Kurgan duuru ndị otu nchọpụta ya n'inyocha na ịhụ ụzọ ndị ọrụ ịntanetị China na-eji iji nweta ma sonyere n'akụkụ nke weebụ nke a na-egbochi na mbà ahụ.

## Edensibia


## Njikọ mpụga

* Spatial Information Design Lab People Page
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Kim Schmahmann

**Kim Schmahmann** (amụrụ n'afọ 1955 na Johannesburg, South Africa) bụ onye na-ese ihe nke bi na Cambridge, Massachusetts ugbu a. Ụlọ ọrụ ya dị na Brickbottom Artists Building na Somerville, Massachusetts. Ihe osise ya na-ejikọta nka echiche na nka dị mma, na-eji esemokwu dị n'etiti echiche na ọrụ iji gosipụta esemokwu nke na-ebilite n'etiti ndị mmadụ na ọha mmadụ. Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe odide ya na-ekwu maka njikwa na ịkpa ókè nke ọ hụrụ mgbe ọ na-etolite na South Africa, mba nke usoro mmegbu na-achịkwa site na ọchịchị ya n'oge gara aga site na ọchịchị ịkpa ókè agbụrụ.

Ọrụ ya nke a ma ama, "Bureau of Bureaucracy," na-egosi na Smithsonian Renwick Gallery na Washington, DC.  Ọrụ a were afọ isii (site na 1993 ruo 1999) iji mepụta na MIT Hobby Shop na Cambridge. N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2019, a kpọrọ Bureau of Bureaucracy otu n'ime "Ihe ise dị na Smithsonian Museums nke I na-aghaghi ịhụ" site na Association of Registrars and Collection Specialists (ARCS).

Ọrụ ya nke akpọrọ "Apart-Hate: A People Divider," bụ nke Museum of Arts & Design na New York City nwetara. Akụkụ ahụ apụtala na ihe ngosi MAD nke Re: Collection nke David Revere McFadden haziri, yana ihe ngosi Global Africa Project nke Lowery Stokes Sims na Leslie King-Hammond haziri. Akụkụ Apart-Hate na-egosipụta otu ọha mmadụ si emepụta usoro nke na-ekewa ndị mmadụ nwere ịkpọasị. Judith Dobrzynski, na-ede maka *The New York Times*, kọwara ọrụ ahụ dị ka "ntụgharị uche na ịkpa ókè".

Ọrụ nke emepụtara na mgbe na-adịbeghị anya, nke akpọrọ "Belabeled" nke Peabody Essex Museum (PEM) nwetara na Salem MA, bụ maka ike nke akara iji kpụzie njirimara. Akara ndị a na-egosi na ndị mmadụ na-etinye onwe ha na ndị ọzọ na-enye atụmanya na ohere dị nta. N'ịchọpụta etu akara si dị mkpa, ọrụ a na-akpọ ndị na-ekiri ka ha maa aka ma chee echiche banyere mkpebi ikpe ha.

## Ebensidee

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị
* Ụlọ Ndị Na-ese Ihe na Brickbottom
* Bureau of Bureaucracy na Renwick Gallery
* Ihe ise dị na Smithsonian Museums and Galleries You Shouldn't Miss
* MAD Global Africa Project
* Vidio sitere na MAD Global Africa Project
* Isiokwu New York Times
* Isiokwu banyere Re: Collection Exhibition
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
William M. Timlin

**William Mitcheson Timlin** (11 Eprel 1892 - 7 June 1943) bụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na onye na-eme ihe osise. A mụrụ ya na Ashington, Northumberland, nwa nwoke nke onye na-agbanyụ ọkụ.  O gosipụtara nkà maka ise ihe na Morpeth Grammar School, ma nweta ohere agụmakwụkwọ n'efu na Armstrong College of Art na Newcastle. N'afọ 1912, ọ sonyeere ndị mụrụ ya na Kimberley, South Africa ebe ọ gụsịrị ọzụzụ ya na nka na ihe owuwu ma nọrọ ndụ ya niile.

Timlin mebere ọtụtụ ụlọ dị mkpa na Kimberley nke gụnyere Kimberley Boys' High School mgbe ọ na-achụso mmasị ya na nka, na-ewepụta ọtụtụ nrọ mmiri na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na mgbakwunye na mmanụ, pastel, etchings na ihe osise oge. A na-egosipụta ọrụ ya mgbe niile. O dekwara akụkọ ma dee egwu.

Timlin rụrụ ọrụ na The Ship that Sailed to Mars ruo afọ abụọ. Ọrụ ahụ gbasara ruo mgbe ọ nwere peeji ịrị anọ na asatọ nke ederede na mpempe akwụkwọ ịrị anọ na asatọ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-egosi ọpụpụ dị ịrịba ama nke echiche efu. 

Timlin zigara ndị na-ebipụta akwụkwọ George Harrap akwụkwọ ahụ, bụ ndị nwere obi ụtọ na ihe osise na ederede calligraphic, na-ekpebi ibipụta ya n'enweghị ederede. Akwụkwọ ahụ aghọwo ihe a ma ama kemgbe. A zụrụ ikike ihe nkiri nke akwụkwọ ahụ na United States, ebe Timlin nwere nnukwu ewu ewu. Alan Horne na The Dictionary of 20th Century British Book Illustrators kọwara *akwụkwọ* ahụ dị ka ọrụ magburu onwe ya na "akwụkwọ ụmụaka kachasị mma na nke kachasị mma nke afọ 1920".

Timlin sere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ njem South Africa ma kwadebe *ihe* osise maka akwụkwọ akpọrọ The Building of a Fairy City nke a na-ebipụtaghị. Ọ nwụrụ na Kimberley, Northern Cape n'afọ 1943.

## Ebensidee

## Njikọ mpụga
 

* Online version of The Ship that Sailed to Mars at the Wayback Machine (archived 27 October 2009)
* ''Ihe'' osise sitere na The Building of the Fairy City
* Ụlọ Ihe nkiri Colosseum
* William M. Timlin at Library of Congress Authorities, with 6 catalogue records
Paul Stopforth

**Paul Stopforth** bụ onye na-ese ihe na South Africa nke bi na United States ugbu a. Gọọmentị ịkpa ókè agbụrụ gbochiri ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya n'ala nna ya wee gaa United States n'afọ 1988. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ọ lara ezumike nká n'ọkwa ya dị ka onye nkuzi na Visual and Environmental Studies na Director of Undergraduate Studies na Mahadum Harvard, ebe ọ malitere ịkụzi n'afọ 1996. Ọ bụ onye na-eleta ngalaba na School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.

Stopforth gụrụ akwụkwọ na Johannesburg College of Art na Royal College of Art dị na London. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ ugboro ugboro n'ihe gbasara mgbasa ozi ngwakọta na akwụkwọ. Ọ bụ South African National Gallery chịkọtara ya kpamkpam n'afọ 1979.

N'afọ 1981 na 1983 Stopforth mere nnukwu ihe osise abụọ akpọrọ "Elegy" na "Interrogation Space #1-5" banyere Steve Biko, onye isi nke Black Consciousness Movement nke South Africa nwụrụ na 1977 site n'isi mgbe ọ nọ n'aka ndị uwe ojii.  Mgbe ọnwụ Biko gasịrị, a na-ekesa foto nke onyinyo ozu ya n'ọtụtụ ebe, na-eme ka Biko ghara ịbụ mmadụ ma na-agbanwe ya ka ọ bụrụ arịa nke ndụ efu (n'iji okwu ahụ eme ihe, ahụ nke na-anọchite anya ọkwa ndụ dị ala na-abụghị nke mmepeanya, onye a napụrụ uru mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya niile ma nwee ike igbu ya n'enweghị mmetụta).  Karịsịa, ihe osise Stopforth "Elegy" na-eme ka Biko bụrụ onye nwụrụ n'ihi okwukwe ya maka mmegide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ.

## Ebensidee

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị
* Usoro mmụta ndụ
* Paul Stopforth na David Krut Projects
* Portrait: Stopforth, ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Zoe M. Savitsky na *The Harvard Crimson*
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
M. A. Wetherell

Marmaduke Arundel "Duke" Wetherell (1883 - 25 Febụwarị 1939) bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na South Africa, onye na-ede ihe nkiri, onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri, na onye na-achụ nta nnukwu egwuregwu.

N'afọ 1930, Marmaduke gara Loch Ness ịchọ anụ ọhịa Loch Ness. Wetherell kwuru na ọ chọtara akara ụkwụ, mana mgbe e zigara ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị akara ụkwụ maka nnyocha ha bịara bụrụ nke enyí mmiri; onye na-eme ihe ọchị ejirila nche anwụ nke ụkwụ enyí mmiri.

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ ya na Bodmin, Cornwall, Wetherell rụrụ ọrụ na ihe nkiri ndị Britain na South Africa n'oge a na-adịghị ekwu okwu. N'afọ 1920, ọ malitere imepụta na iduzi ihe nkiri mana ha enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma. Ọ mepụtara, duzie ma rụọ ọrụ dị mkpa na mmepụta ya nke *Livingstone* (1925) na *Robinson Crusoe* (1927). Akụkọ ndụ Lawrence nke Arabia nke a na-akpọ Revolt in the Desert nke Freddie Young sere foto ya bụ onye sere ihe nkiri agha ya The Somme (1927) na Victory (1928) emeghị.

Ọ bụ ya kpatara aghụghọ "foto dọkịta na-awa ahụ" nke Loch Ness Monster.

Ọ bụ nna onye na-eme ihe nkiri Ian Colin.

## Ihe nkiri ndị a họọrọ
**Onye na-eme ihe nkiri**
* *[[The Rose of Rhodesia]]* (1918)
* **' (1920)
* ''[[The Madcap of the Veld]]'' (1921)
* ''[[Wee MacGregor's Sweetheart]]'' (1922)
* ''[[Man and His Kingdom (film)|Man and His Kingdom]]'' (1922)
* ''[[His Wife's Husband]]'' (1922)
* ''[[Darkness (1923 film)|Darkness]]'' (1923)
* ''[[Curfew Must Not Ring Tonight (film)|Curfew Must Not Ring Tonight]]'' (1923)
* ''[[Women and Diamonds]]'' (1924)
 
**Onye nduzi**
* ''[[Livingstone (film)|Livingstone]]'' (1925)
* ''[[Robinson Crusoe (1927 film)|Robinson Crusoe]]'' (1927)
* ''[[The Somme (film)|The Somme]]'' (1927)
* ''[[Victory (1928 film)|Victory]]'' (1928)
* ''[[A Moorland Tragedy]]'' (1933)
* ''[[Hearts of Oak (1933 film)|Hearts of Oak]]'' (1933)
* ''[[Wanderlust (1933 film)|Wanderlust]]'' (1933)
* ''[[Safari (1937 film)|Safari]]'' (1937)
 
**Onye na-emepụta*'
* *Roses nke Picardy'' (1927)

## Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ

* Rachael dị ala. Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke British Film, 1918-1929. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]

## Ebensidee

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
* Marmaduke Wetherell na Encyclopaedia of South African Theatre, Film, Media and Performance (ESAT) ._Wetherell
Donovan Ward

**Donovan Ward** (amụrụ na Nọvemba 1962 na Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa) bụ onye na-ese ihe na South Africa nke na-arụ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ usoro mgbasa ozi, nke gụnyere eserese na ihe ọkpụkpụ.

A na-anọchite anya ọrụ Donovan na nchịkọta onwe na nke ọha na eze nke gụnyere Mahadum South Africa, Pretoria, na Durban Art Gallery. Ọrụ nka ọha na eze gụnyere ihe ncheta Gugulethu 7 nke City of Cape Town na Gọọmentị Provincial nyere iwu na United Democratic Front Memorial.

## Njikọ mpụga

* Bio sara mbara
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Pauline Vogelpoel

**Pauline Vogelpoel** MBE (24 Eprel 1926 na Lourenço Marques, Portuguese East Africa - 22 Disemba 2002 na Basle, Switzerland) bụ onye nchịkwa nka na South Africa. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Herschel Girls' School na Rustenburg Girls' School dị na Cape Town ma nweta nzere na Fine Art na Mahadum Cape Town . Ọ kweere onye Rhodesian, Buster St Quintin, onye na-enyere Gọvanọ Sir Godfrey Huggins aka. N'afọ 1950, ọ sooro nwanne ya nwoke Louis, onye na-ahụ maka ọrịa obi na ọkachamara ụwa na okooko osisi ọhịa na orchid aha ya, gaa London. Beatrice Janice mere ka ọ mata Art Institute nke Chicago ma nweta ya ọrụ na New York na-enyere Douglas McCaigie nke Museum of Modern Art aka. O sonyeere Contemporary Art Society dị ka odeakwụkwọ nhazi na 1954, wee bụrụ onye nduzi na 1976. N'afọ 1975, ọ lụrụ onye na-echekwa ego bụ David Mann. N'afọ 1982, ọ sonyeere ụlọ akụ onwe onye na Basle ma ọ hapụrụ ọrụ ya na Contemporary Art Society ka ya na ya kwaga Switzerland. Ọ ghọrọ onye nchịkọta akụkọ Zürich nke magazin Harpers na Queen. N'afọ 1997, ọ sonyeere International Council nke Tate Gallery. O dekọrọ ihe ncheta ya maka ọrụ National Sound Archive's Artists' Lives na British Library Sound Archive. Ọ natara MBE na 1962.
Ọ nwụrụ site na akpụ ụbụrụ na Basle na 22 Disemba 2002, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri asaa na isii.

## Njikọ mpụga

* Obituary: Pauline Vogelpoel; Onye nduzi nke Contemporary Art Society [mgbakwunye nwụrụ anwụ]
* "Obi: Pauline Vogelpoel" The Independent
* "Pauline Vogelpoel" The Times
Pamela Stretton

**Pamela Stretton** (amụrụ n'abalị iri na ise n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 1980) bụ onye na-ese ihe na South Africa nke ọrụ ya na-emetụta ahụ nwanyị na ịma mma ya, na ọrụ ya na omenala a ma ama. Ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ya bụ ihe odide ink jet dijitalụ nke jikọtara foto na ederede; ha bụ ihe mejupụtara koodu, akara, na mgbasa ozi nke na-emepụta onyinyo buru ibu nke ụdị nwanyị.  Eserese ndị ahụ bụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu akụkọ ndụ onwe onye, mana ha na-enwekwa isiokwu gbasara ọdịbendị a ma ama, ejiji, ahụike, na nri. Ihe omuma nke ihe omuma nke abuo bu ihe omuma na-arutu aka na nsogbu iri nri. N'otu aka ahụ, usoro grid na-egosi nrụgide nke nkwekọrịta. A na-akpọ ụdị ya ụdị nwanyị nke Chuck Close.

## Ọrụ

### Agụmakwụkwọ
Stretton nwetara nzere Bachelor of Fine Art (nke nwere ọdịiche) na Mahadum Rhodes n'afọ 2002 nakwa Master of Fine Art ya (nke nwere ịdị iche) na Mahadum Cape Town n'afọ 2005.

### Ihe ngosi

* 2002 Rhodes University Graduate Exhibition, Grahamstown
* 2003 Absa L'Atelier, Johannesburg
* 2005 Sanlam Vuleka, Bellville, Cape Town
* 2005 Michaelis School of Fine Art Graduate Exhibition, Cape Town
* 2006 Ihe ngosi foto. Association for Visual Arts, Cape Town
* 2006 15th Art Salon na The Bay, The Bay Hotel, Camps Bay, Cape Town
* 2006 The Encoded Body, Association for Visual Arts, Cape Town
* 2006 Winchester Hotel, Cape Town
* 2007 Ndị na-ese ihe na South Africa, Gallery na Cork Street, London
* 2007 Rust na Vrede Gallery, Durbanville
* 2007 Interwoven/ Intertwined. FNB Private Clients' Art Route, Cultivaria, Paarl (nke onye na-ese ihe haziri)
* 2007 Mmetụta elu. Ụlọ Ahịa Ndị Na-ese Foto, Cape Town
* 2007 16th Art Salon, Rose Korber Art, Camps Bay, Cape Town
* 2007 Spier Contemporary, Stellenbosch, Cape
* 2007 The Encoded Body Series, Gallery on the Square, Sandton, Johannesburg (na mmekorita ya na Rose Korber Art, Cape Town)
* 2008 RE: CM (N'ihe gbasara Capital Management) Salon Exhibition, Cape Town

### Nchịkọta

* Katrine Harries Print Cabinet, Michaelis School of Fine Art, Mahadum nke Cape Town
* Hollard Insurance, Johannesburg (Nchịkọta onwe onye)
* Mahadum nke South Africa, Pretoria
* Ndị na-ahụ maka ego okpueze, Stellenbosch, Cape

## Ebensidee

## Njikọ mpụga

* Stephanie Breitbard Fine Arts
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Minnette Vári

**Minnette Vári** (amụrụ n'afọ 1968) bụ ónyé na-ese ihe na South Africa nke a maara nke ọma màkà ntinye vidiyo ya. A mụrụ ya na Pretoria, Vári gụrụ nka márá mmá na Mahadum Pretoria ebe ọ nwetara nzere masta ya. Ọ bi ma na-arụ ọrụ na Johannesburg.

## Ọrụ
Vári egosila ọrụ ya kemgbe mmalite afọ iri itoolu, na-ekere òkè na ihe ngosi dị ka Johannesburg Biennale nke Abụọ (1997), Venice Biennale (2001 na 2007), na 10th Biennale of Havana (2009). Ihe ngosi ya n'onwe ya gụnyere ihe ngosi nke onwe ya na Art Museum Lucerne, Switzerland (2004), Vigil na Elga Wimmer Gallery, New York (2007), Chimera na Basel Art Unlimited (2003) na nsó nsó a, Songs of Excavation na Goodman Gallery na Johannesburg (2013). Kemgbe afọ 1998 Vári na-arụ ọrụ na mgbasa ozi dijitalụ na nnukwu ihe ngosi vidiyo, na-agụnyekarị ihe arụmọrụ site na itinye ahụ nke ya n'ime mgbasa ozi na akụkọ ihe méré eme. Na mgbakwunye, Vári na-emepụta usoro ihe osise na ihe osise ndị jikọtara ya na ọrụ vidiyo ya. A na-ejikọta ọrụ ya na ihe ngosi na nzukọ na-enyocha isiokwu nke njirimara na ahụ, mgbanwe, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, akụkọ ifo, trauma na akụkọ ihe méré eme. A tụlere ọrụ ya n'akwụkwọ ndị dị ka Art cities of the future, South African Art Now n'afọ iri Artists otu narị, Art in a Democratic South Africa.

## Hụkwa

* Ihe osise
* Ntinye vidiyo
* Ihe osise vidio
* Ihe osise
* Ndepụta nke ndị na-ese vidio

## Edensibia


## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe Mbido
* Ụlọ ngosi Goodman
* UNESCO digi-arts Biography
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Atta Kwami

**Atta Kwami** (14 Septemba 1956 - 6 Ọktoba 2021) bụ onye Ghana na-ese ihe, onye na-ebi akwụkwọ, onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na onye nlekọta. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ ma kụzie na Mahadum Sayensị na Teknụzụ Kwame Nkrumah (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana, na United Kingdom. O mepụtara ọrụ ndị na-emepụta ọdịdị na agba ma na-ekwu maka ihe owuwu Ghana pụrụ iche na akwa Africa, nke gụnyere nke Kente, Ewe na Asante nke Ghana.

## Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga
A mụrụ George Atta Kwami na 1956 na Accra, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ, ma mesịa kụzie, na KNUST na Kumasi, Ghana. N'afọ 2007, ọ nwetara nzere Ph.D. na akụkọ ihe mere eme na Mahadum Open maka ọrụ ya maka ndị na-ese ihe na Ghana nke oge a, nke e bipụtara ugbu a dị ka Kumasi Realism, 1951 Sri: An African Modernism (Hurst & Company, 2013).

## Ọrụ
E nyere Kwami utu aha nke 1st Thoyer Distinguished Visiting Scholar na Mahadum New York, New York, site na 30 Septemba ruo 8 Ọktoba 2008.

Kwami mekwara Philip L. Ravenhill Fellowship (UCLA) na Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of African Art, Washington, DC, site na 1 Machị ruo 31 Mee nke afọ 2010.

Ọ bụ onye na-ese ihe na Mahadum Michigan, Graduate School of Art & Design, na Jenụwarị afọ 2011.

Kwami meriri Janet L. Stanley Travel Award iji gaa Fifteenth Triennial Symposium on African Art nke akpọrọ "Africa and its Diasporas in the Market Place: Cultural Resources and the Global Economy" na Mahadum California, Los Angeles, site na 23 ruo 26 Maachị afọ 2011.

N'etiti 14 na 26 Ọgọstụ 2011, ọ malitere Howard Kestenbaum / Vijay Paramsothy International Fellowship na Haystack Mountain School of Crafts, Maine, USA.

N'afọ 2021, o ritere ihe nrite Maria Lassnig site na Maria Lassnig Foundation na Vienna na Serpentine Galleries na UK.

## Ihe ngosi
E gosipụtara ọrụ Kwami na Metropolitan Museum of Art na New York, National Museum of African Art, National Museum nke Ghana, National Museum ya nke Kenya, Victoria na Albert Museum, World Museum, na British Museum.

## Ebensidee
Amon Kotei

**Nii Amon Kotei** (24 Mee 1915 - 17 Ọktoba 2011) bụ onye Ghana na-ese ihe, onye na-ese egwu, onye na-agu egwu, na onye na-eme ihe osise. A na-echetakarị Kotei ma na-eme emume dị ka onye na-emepụta uwe agha nke Ghana. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe na Ghana.

## Oge ọ malitere
A mụrụ Kotei na 24 Mee 1915, na La, nso Accra. O sitere n'agbụrụ Ga.

## Agụmakwụkwọ na ozi agha
E nyere Kotei ohere agụmakwụkwọ n'efu na Achimota School ma mesịa natakwa ohere agụmakwụkwọ n'efu iji mụọ nka na London School of Printing and Graphic Art site na 1949 ruo 1952. N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Royal West African Frontier Force ma rụọ ọrụ na Cartographic Division nke ndị agha na-ese map na atụmatụ maka ndị agha nọ n'ihu.

## Ntinye ya ndị a ma ama
Enyemaka ya a ma ama bụ ịmepụta Coat of Arms nke Ghana na 4 Machị 1957. Gọọmentị ndị Britain na-achị mba ahụ nyere Kotei iwu ka ọ dochie baajị ochie nke gosipụtara Elephant na osisi nkwụ; akara abụọ a na-eji eme ihe na mpaghara British West Africa niile. Mgbe atụmatụ mbụ ya gasịrị, n'okpuru ntụziaka gọọmentị, e zigara Coat of Arms na Queen's College of Heraldry maka nkwado.

Akara agha nke Ghana, nke a na-ahụ n'isi akwụkwọ ozi gọọmentị niile, nwere ọta, nke St. George's Cross na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ kewara n'ụzọ anọ, nke e ji ọlaedo gbaa gburugburu.

## Ọnwụ
Kotei nwụrụ n'ụbọchị iri na asaa nke ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2011. Ndị omeiwu Ghana nabatara onyinye ya na nka nke Ghana mgbe ọ nwụsịrị.

## Ihe nrite
E nyere ya State Honour of Grand Medal, Civil Division, Coat of Arms Design nke onye isi ala Jerry Rawlings nyere ya na Friday, 7 March 1997. Ọ natara ọtụtụ onyinye ndị ọzọ.

## Ebensidee
Seif Wanly

**Mohammed Seif al-Din Wanly** nke a na-akpọkarị **Seif Wanly** (سيف وانلي) (March 31, 1906 na February 15, 1979) bụ onye na-ese ihe n'Ijipt.

## Mbido ndụ na ọrụ
A mụrụ Wanly na Alexandria, Egypt, na 1906 n'ime ezinụlọ nke sitere na Turkey.

O webatara nka nke oge a na Ijipt mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ ọrụ nke onye na-ese ihe n'Ịtali bụ Otorino Becchi. N'afọ 1942, ya na nwanne ya nwoke Adham Wanly guzobere ụlọ ọrụ nke ya ma ha sonyere n'ihe karịrị ihe ngosi iri na asaa, ọkachasị na Biennale nke Venice na São Paulo, Brazil. Na ngwụcha afọ 1950, Wanly gara Nubia iji mepụta usoro ihe osise na eserese na-egosi ndụ na Egypt maka ọrụ gọọmentị iji dekọọ ọdịbendị na ọnọdụ tupu mbata nke mere iji mee ka iwu Aswan High Dam. Taa, a raara ala dum nke Mahmoud Said Museum na Alexandria nye Seif na Adham Wanly.

Ọtụtụ ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie chịkọtara ọrụ ya. Ndị a gụnyere Mathaf: Arab Museum of Modern Art na Doha, Darat AL Funoon na Amman, na Barjeel Art Foundation na Sharjah.

## Ndụ onwe
Ọ nwụrụ na 1979 na Stockholm mgbe ọ dị afọ iri asaa na abụọ

## Ememe ncheta
N'afọ 2015, Google Doodle mere emume ncheta ọmụmụ ya nke afọ otu narị na itoolu.

## Ebensidee
Ignatius Sserulyo

**Ignatius Sserulyo** (amụrụ n'ihe dị ka afọ 1937) bụ onye na-ese ihe na Uganda.

## Ebensidee

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ignatius Sserulyo - Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Smithsonian
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Abdoulaye Ascofaré

**Abdoulaye Ascofaré** (amụrụ n'April 20, 1949, na Gao) bụ onye Mali na-ede uri na onye na-eme ihe nkiri.

## Akụkọ ndụ
Ascofaré bụ onye na-achikọba ememe redio ruo afọ 1978, mgbe ọ ghọrọ onye nkuzi na Institut National des Arts na Bamako. N'afọ 1984, ọ natara diplọma na ọmụmụ ihe nkiri site na All-Union State Institute of Cinematography (nke bụzi Gerasimov Institute of Cinemography) na Moscow, n'afọ 1985, ọ sonyeere Centre National de Production Cinématographique na Bamako dị ka onye nduzi.

Malite na 1991, o mepụtara ọtụtụ ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi ma, na 1997, o mepụtara ihe nkiri mbụ ya zuru oke, *Faraw*, une mère des sables (Faraw, nne nke ájá), nke na-akọwa awa iri abụọ na anọ na ndụ nwanyị Songhaï. *Faraw* meriri Golden Bayard maka Artistic Creation na 1997 Namur Film festival.

Dị ka onye na-ede uri, o bipụtara Domestiquer le rêve (Domesticating the Dream).

## Ihe nkiri

* Welcome (1981)
* M’sieur Fane (1983)
* Nkọwa (1984)
* Sonatam, un quart de siècle (1990)
* Faraw, une mère des sables (1997)

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ahmed Badrakhan

**Ahmed Badrakhan** (18 Septemba 1909 - 26 Ọgọst 1969) bụ onye nduzi ihe nkiri na onye edemede ihe nkiri nke Egypt nke sitere na Kurdish. O duziri ihe nkiri iri anọ na otu n'agbata afọ 1936 na 1968. Ọ bụ onye a ma ama maka ihe nkiri ịhụnanya ya nke afọ 1952 A Night of Love nke egosipụtara Mahmoud Almeleji na Mariam Fakhr Eddine. Ọ duziri *Intisar al-chabab* (1941) nke na nke mbụ ya gosipụtara onye na-akpọ egwu na onye na-agụ egwu Farid al-Atrash tinyere onye na-abụ egwu Asmahan. Ọ lụrụ Asmahan, ọ ga-abụkwa onye dị mkpa na ụlọ ọrụ Misr, ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri Egypt kachasị ewu ewu n'oge ahụ.

## Ihe nkiri ndị a họọrọ

* Wedad (1936)
* Intisar al-chabab (1941)
* El kahira-Baghdad (1947)
* Ana Wa inta (1950)
* *Otu* abalị nke Ịhụnanya (1951)
* Lahn hubi (1954)
* Alashan eyounik (1955)
* Allah maana (1955)
* Izhay ansak (1956)

## Ebensidee

## Njikọ mpụga

*
John Moore (artist)

**John Mark Moore** bụ onye na-ese ihe na South Africa nke mmasị ya maka ndụ anụ ọhịa na ihe nketa okike na-ejikọta isiokwu nke ime mmụọ na ihe omimi. John bụ Master Printmaker ma nwekwa ọkwa nkuzi na Crawford College na Lonehill, Wits Technikon, St. Andrews School, St. John's College na Parktown College. O nyeere Philippa Hobbs aka dị ka onye na-ebi akwụkwọ, site na 1993 ruo 1996.

## Ihe osise John Moore
Na mgbakwunye na ihe ngosi nke anụ ọhịa na nsogbu nke ụdị ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ, ọrụ ya na-agụnyekarị ihe nrụtụ aka nke ihe nketa San- na Koi- bushman nke Southern Africa. Ọ na-anọchite anya okike site n'echiche. Ụdị ya nwere ihe ndị dị na surreal, esemokwu dị n'etiti esoteric  na ọdịnala nke o kwenyere na ọ na-enye onye na-ekiri ohere ịchọta nkọwa nke ọrụ ahụ ma nye ya ohere ịgwa ha okwu n'onwe ha.

## Mmalite ndụ
Ebe ọ tolitere na Johannesburg ma nọrọ ọtụtụ ezumike n'ime ọhịa, mmekọrịta ya na anụ ọhịa dugara n'ọchịchọ na-arịwanye elu ịmepụta nka anụ ọhịa na-egosi mmekọrịta ha na okike. Ọ họọrọ usoro obibi akwụkwọ n'ihi na ọ na-enyere mmadụ aka ịmepụta mbipụta ma ya mere ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ nwere ike ịnweta ya.

O nyela World Wildlife Fund (WWF) na Endangered Wildlife Trust (EWT) onyinye ego ma mepụta ọrụ ụfọdụ maka ịnakọta ego ọrụ ebere, dịka, Red Nose Day ebe eji ọrụ ahụ eme ihe dị ka mgbasa ozi na bọọdụ na South Africa dum. O mekwara ọrụ maka Life Line. Ọ rụchara ọrụ maka Nelson Mandela Children's Fund, nke e nyere ọrụ ebere. Onyinye ya kachasị ọhụrụ bụ ihe na-acha anụnụ anụnụ maka ụbọchị ọrịa AIDS nke mba. O nweela ọtụtụ ihe ngosi, ma nke onwe ya ma na njikọta ya na ndị omenkà ndị ọzọ, na South Africa na mba ofesi.

## Njikọ mpuga

* Ụlọ Ahịa John Moore n'ịntanetị 
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Pascale Quao-Gaudens

**Pascale Quao-Gaudens** (mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ ya **Pascale Quau-Gauden Clavreuil**) (amụrụ n'afọ 1963) bụ onye edemede na onye na-ese ihe na Ivory Coast.

A mụrụ ya na Abidjan, Quao-Gaudens gụrụ akwụkwọ na mba ya tupu ọ gaa France maka agụmakwụkwọ mahadum.  Ọ họọrọ ịmụ nka plastik, wee gaa Paris na 1986, ebe ahụ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ihe osise maka ọtụtụ ndị nchịkọta akụkọ.  O nwetakwara ọkwa dị ka odeakwụkwọ na onye nchịkọta akụkọ na Bordas.  Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ laghachiri Abidjan iji na-elekọta ụlọ ahịa akwụkwọ na ebe ngosi nka. O bipụtara mpịakọta nke uri na akwụkwọ maka ụmụaka. E gosipụtara ọrụ ya n'ala nna ya, a na-edekwa uri ya ma sụgharịa ya n'asụsụ Bekee.

## Ebensidee

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Cherif Merzouki

**Cherif Merzouki** ma ọ bụ **Cherif Merzougui** ma ọ bụ Merzogui (February 8, 1951 Amentan, Menaa, Aurès - April 4, 1991 Aurès ) bụ onye na-ese ihe na onye na-emeputa ihe osise.

## Ebensidee

## Ebe e si nweta ya

* 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Newspress Liberty Algeria (n'asụsụ French)
* Akwụkwọ akụkọ L'Expression Algeria 2003
Selby Mvusi

**Selby Mvusi** (1929-1967) bụ onye na-ese ihe na South Africa. A mụrụ ya na Richmond, KwaZulu-Natal, na 18 June 1929. N'afọ 1961, ọ nwetara ọrụ na Clarke College, Atlanta, Georgia. Ọ nwụrụ n'ihe mberede ụgbọala na nso Nairobi, Kenya, na 10 Disemba 1967. N'afọ 2015, Elza Miles dere akụkọ maka ndụ nke Mvusi, nke akpọrọ Selby Mvusi: To Fly With the North Bird South.

## Mmalite ndụ
Nne na nna ya bụ Vunina (Nxasane) Mvusi na Jotham Mvusi. Nna ya si n'ezinụlọ na-arụ ọrụ ugbo. Mvusi gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Fort Hare ebe o nwetara nzere nkà mmụta okpukpe na 1935. Mvusi na ezinụlọ ya kwagara Alice na Eastern Cape mgbe a họpụtara nna ya dị ka odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Students Christian Movement na Mahadum Fort Hare.

## Agụmakwụkwọ
Selby na nwanne ya nwanyị gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Lovedale Presbyterian Church Primary School mgbe ha bi na Eastern Cape. Ezinụlọ Mvusi laghachiri na KwaZulu-Natal mgbe nna ya malitere ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi ụkọchukwu na Chọọchị Metọdist di na Durban. Mvusi gụsịrị akwụkwọ praịmarị ya na Ndaleni na Natal Midlands. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya na 1948 na Adams College dị nso na Amazimtoti na Natal. N'afọ 1949, ọ gbasoro nzọụkwụ nna ya site n'ịga Mahadum Fort Hare, naanị mahadum dị na South Africa nke meghere maka ndị India, ndị na-acha ọcha ndị ojii South Africa. Ọrụ mahadum ya kpughere ya nye African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL), nke ọ sonyeere. A họpụtara ya na kansụl na-anọchite anya Ụmụ akwụkwọ (SRC) nke Fort Hare ma sonye n'ọtụtụ òtù ụmụ akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ.

Mvusi zụlitere mmasị ya na nka mara mma na Fort Hare. Ọ bụ ezie na Fort Hare enweghị ngalaba nke Fine Arts, ọ kwadoro obere ọmụmụ ihe gbasara nka eserese nke onye prọfesọ Bekee na onye na-ese ihe, Prọfesọ Donald Stuart. Mvusi so Harold Strachan rụọ ọrụ n'afọ ndị 1950. Prọfesọ ahụ so Selby na ụmụ akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ gaa njem na-ese ihe na ngwụsị izu mgbe niile na mpaghara ndị dị ka Alice na Hogsback. Onye na-ese ihe, Peter Clarke, kwuru na oge Selby nọrọ na Stuart bụ ihe enyemaka n'ịkpali mmasị Shelby na nka. Selby gụsịrị akwụkwọ ọzọ na Mahadum Rhodes na Grahamstown. Otu afọ mgbe e mesịrị, o debara aha ya maka nkuzi na nka na Ndaleni Teachers Training College nke e guzobere ọhụrụ. Nke a bụ naanị kọleji nka emebere maka ndị Black South Africa n'oge ahụ n'okpuru ịkpa ókè agbụrụ.  Ọ na-emekarị ihe ngosi ndị a na-agaghị echefu echefu maka ịgba egwú na akwa ndị dọkara adọka.

Selby bụ onye na-anaghị etinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma gosipụta obere mmasị na ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọ bụ ezie na mahadum jupụtara na ọtụtụ nsogbụ.

## Ọnwụ
Mvusi nwụrụ n'ihe mberede ụgbọala na nso Nairobi, Kenya, na 10 Disemba 1967.
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ihe osise mmanụ nke Selby Mvusi nke Zululand

## Hụkwa

* Lionel Ngakane
* Sam Nolutshungu

## Njikọ mpụga

* http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/elza-miles-botha
* https://web.archive.org/web/20171105233743/http://www.revisions.co.za/biographies/selby-mvusi/#.Wm8eZbzyPMU

## Ebensidee
Charles Ernest Peers

thumb|Ọdịdị Ala Charles E Peers
**Charles Ernest Peers** (1875, Belfast, Northern Ireland na 1944, Higgovale, Cape Town, South Africa) bụ onye South Africa na-ese ihe.

Peers nọrọ na Liverpool, England, ebe o dekọrọ ọrụ mbupu na Mersey. Ọ chọrọ ịghọ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụgbọ mmiri, mana ọ pụghị ịmụ ọrụ. Ọ nọrọ obere oge na Liverpool School of Art tupu ọ gaa South Africa na 1904.

A họpụtara Peers ka ọ bụrụ onye otu South African Society of Artists na 1905, o wee bụrụ onyeisi oche nke South African Fine Arts Association. O meriri asọmpi ihe ngosi Cape Times na 1924, wee bụrụ onye otu South African Institute of Art na 1926. Peers mechara bụrụ onye isi oche nke Owl Club na 1934, onye isi oche nke K Club na 1935, New Group kpọrọ ya ka ọ sonye na ngosi mbụ ha na 1938, ma mesịa bụrụ onye isi ala nke otu ahụ, ọfịs ọ nọrọ ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ.

Peers na-ebi ndụ dị ka onye na-ede akwụkwọ na ụlọ ọrụ obibi akwụkwọ dị iche iche, nke gụnyere Galvin & Sales na Cape Town. O gosipụtara The Seven Wonders of South Africa nke Hedley Chilvers na The Coast of Hermanus nke Will Costello. O mepụtara usoro kaadị sịga na-ese onyinyo maka United Tobacco Company album Our Land / Ons Land (1939), na ọtụtụ kalenda eserese n'oge afọ 1930 maka Vacuum Oil Company.

Ndị ọgbọ na-arụ ọrụ karịsịa na watercolor, mana ha na-emepụta mmanụ na pastel yana ihe osise pensụl, etchings, linocuts, na lithographs. O lekwasịrị anya na ọdịdị ala, ihe owuwu, na ihe gbasara ụgbọ mmiri.

## Ihe ngosi
Ihe ngosi onwe onye, Lezard's Gallery, Johannesburg, 1923 

Ihe ngosi jikọrọ aka na Allerley Glossop, Taylor Art Gallery, Pietermaritzburg, 1924 Ihe ngosi onwe, Dempers na Wiley's Art Gallery, Cape Town, 1924 

Ihe osise dị iche iche site na 1926, nke gụnyere ihe ngosi nke South African Institute of Art, Durban, 1927 

Ihe ngosi jikọtara ya na J. Pope Ellis, Cape Town City, 1939 

A nọchitere anya na ihe ngosi ọhụrụ ọhụrụ niile a na-eme kwa afọ site na 1938 ruo 1945 

Peter Visser Antiques guzobere ihe ngosi ire ahịa mbụ nke ọrụ ya kemgbe afọ 1930 na 1991.

## Nchịkọta ọha na eze
Albany Museum, Grahamstown Cape Town Municipal Collection Durban Art Gallery Iziko Museum, Cape Town (South African National Gallery & Slave Lodge) Museum Afrika, Johannesburg Old House Museum, Durban Pretoria Art Museum Tatham Art Gallery, Pietermaritzburg University of Cape Town William Humphreys Art Gallery, Kimberley

## Ebensidee

* Lucy Alexander na Evelyn Cohen, 150 South African Paintings, Past and Present, Struik, 1990.
* Esmé Berman, Art and Artists of South Africa, Southern Book Publishers, 1993.
*