Frances Baard

**Frances Goitsemang Baard** OMSS OLG (1 October 1909 – 1997) bụ onye South Africa (agbụrụ Tswana ) azụmahịa otu, onye nhazi maka African National Congress Women's League na Patron nke United Democratic Front, onye e mere ncheta na ngbanwe nke Diamantveld District Municipality ( France Municip Baarley ) . A kpọgharịrị Schoeman Street dị na Pretoria na nsọpụrụ ya. Nwanyị a bụ ihe mere anyị ji eme mmemme ụbọchị ụmụ nwanyị mba taa na South Africa.

## Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
Baard (nke a na-akpọkwa *Frances Maswabi (ma ọ bụ Masuabi)* ) mụrụ Frances Maswabi (ma ọ bụ Masuabi), na Green Point, Beaconsfield, Kimberley, na 1 October 1909  (isi mmalite ndị ọzọ na-atụ aro 1901). Nna ya bụ Herman Maswabi si Ramotswa na Botswana, onye gara Kimberley ịrụ ọrụ na ogbunigwe, ebe nne ya, Sarah Voss, bụ onye Tswana si Kimberley. Ọ lụrụ Lucas Baard na Port Elizabeth na 1942, ebe ọ maara ya site na ụbọchị akwụkwọ na Kimberley.   

Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị Racecourse na Lyndhurst Road School na Malay Camp, Kimberley,  : 30 tupu debanye aha maka obere oge na Kimberley's ama Perseverance School (bipụrụ n'ihi ọnwụ nna ya). Ọ rụrụ ọrụ nwa oge dị ka onye nkuzi wee kwaga Port Elizabeth, dị ka ohu ụlọ na onye ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ. :  30 

## Mkpalite ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị
Ọ bụ n'oge a ka Baard ghọrọ onye ndọrọndọrọ na African National Congress, nke o sonyeere na 1948,  na onye na-azụ ahịa, n'ihi ahụmahụ ya nke mmegbu na nrigbu n'okpuru Apartheid . Raymond Mhlaba na Ray Alexander metụtara ya.  : 31 

Ọ bụ onye nhazi na African National Congress Women's League na 1952 n'oge Mgbasa Ozi Defiance, na-eje ozi mgbe e mesịrị na ọkwa dị iche iche gụnyere odeakwụkwọ na Treasurer nke Njikọ Port Elizabeth.  : 31 N'etiti 1950s ọ jere ozi dị ka onye na-echekwa ego nke otu ụmụ nwanyị ma bụrụkwa onye otu kọmitii onye isi na ngalaba Port Elizabeth Onye isi oche nke Federation of South Africa Women (FEDSAW). :  31 

### Charter nnwere onwe na March ụmụ nwanyị
Baard tinyere aka na 1955 na idebe Charter Freedom ma bụrụ otu n'ime ndị isi njem ụmụ nwanyị na Union Buildings na Pretoria na 9 Ọgọst 1956 na mkpesa megide iwu ngafe .  : 31 "Nfefe bụ obere akwụkwọ a ị ga-enweta mgbe ị dị afọ 16 na-ekwu ebe ị nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ, na ebe ị nwere ike ịnọ, na ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ọrụ. Ị gaghị enweta ọrụ na-enweghị akwụkwọ a. Na ị nwere ike nweta ọrụ naanị ebe ha na-adụpu akwụkwọ ikike ịsị 'Johannesburg' ma ọ bụ 'Pretoria' na ihe ndị ọzọ. Ị ga-eburịrị ya mgbe niile n'ihi na ndị uwe ojii nwere ike ịjụ gị, 'Olee ebe ngafe gị nọ?' oge ọ bụla, ma mgbe ahụ ị ga-egosi ha. Ọ bụrụ na ị nwetabeghị paspọtụ gị, ha ga-atụba gị n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ụbọchị ụfọdụ ma ọ bụghị ya, ị ga-akwụrịrị ego iji pụta. "- Frances Baard, na "Amachibidoghị mmụọ m" N'afọ 1956, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị a na-azara ọnụ na Trial Treason wee bụrụ onye isi kọmitii nke South African Congress of Trade Unions (SACTU).  : 31 

N'afọ 1959, Baard nyere aka na nkwụsị nduku ahụ iji mee mkpesa banyere ọgwụgwọ ndị ọrụ na Bethal, Transvaal. 

### Mkpọrọ
E jidere ya na 1960, e mesịakwa na 1963, bụ́ mgbe e debere ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ nanị ọnwa 12.  : 31 N'afọ 1964, e jidere ya ọzọ n'okpuru Iwu Suppression of Communism maka itinye aka na mmemme ANC, na-ama ya ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ 5.  : 31 Ndị ikwu na Port Elizabeth na Kimberley na-elekọta ụmụ ya. 

### Nchụpụ na ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị sochirinụ
Mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya na 1969, a chụpụrụ ya na Boekenhout, na-akwaga afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị mgbe iwu mmachibido iwu ya kwụsịrị na Mabopane (n'akụkụ Pretoria)  ebe ọ nwụrụ na 1997. N'August 1983 Frances Baard gara mmalite nke United Democratic Front (UDF) na Cape Town, bụrụ onye a họpụtara ịbụ onye nchebe na onye isi. 

Baard bụ onye otu Ụka Metọdist na ndị otu Women's Guild ya. 

## A na-echeta ya n'ebe a mụrụ ya na n'ebe ndị ọzọ
Na June 2001, "Diamantveld District Council", Kimberley, ka ahagharịrị Frances Baard District Municipality iji sọpụrụ Frances Baard. Ndụmọdụ iji mata Frances Baard sitere na mbụ onye ọrụ na Kimberley's McGregor Museum . 

N'ime ncheta nke ada Kimberley na Northern Cape, na ọrụ ya na March Women's March 9 August 1956, Onye isi ala Northern Cape, Oriakụ Hazel Jenkins,  Hazel Jenkins, kpugheere ihe oyiyi ya ọla na Kimberley .  Ihe odide ahụ na granite plinth na-ehota okwu a ma ama site na akụkọ ndụ ya:

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Akụkọ dị mkpirikpi nke Frances Baard, SA History Online
* ''A machibidoghị mmụọ m iwu''
Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations