open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ndepụta ọgwụ ụra nyocha

Nke a bụ **ndepụta nke** ọgwụ ụra nyocha, ma ọ bụ ọgwụ ahụ nwere ike ịbelata ọtụtụ ndị na eme ka ndị mmadụ n'ihe ọgwụ maka **ọgwụ**gwọ nke nsogbu **ụra** nke na-emepe emepe ugbu a maka iji ya eme ihe n'ụlọ ọgwụ mana a kwadoghị ya. *A na-edepụta aha kemịkal / n'ozuzu mbụ, na aha koodu mmepe, synonyms, na aha akara na parentheses.*

 

## Enweghị ụra

### Ndị na-anabata GABAA

* EVT-201 - GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator
* Lorediplon (GF-015535-00) - GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator http://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800029512 
* Zuranolone (SAGE-217) - GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator http://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800043382

### Ndị na-anabata Orexin

* Seltorexant (MIN-202, JNJ,42847922, JNNJ-922) - onye na-anabata OX2 http://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800040115
* Vornorexant (ORN-0829, TS-142) - OX1 na OX2 receptor antagonist abụọ https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800049420

### Ndị na-anabata Melatonin

* Piromelatine (Neu-P11) - melatonin receptor agonist na 5-HT1A na 5-HT2D receptor agonists http://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800032086

### Nociceptin receptor agonists

* Sunobinop (IMB-115, IT-1315, S-117957, V-117957) - onye na-anabata nociceptin [1][2]

## Hypersleepsy/narcolepsy

* Danavorexton (TAK-925) - OX2 receptor-selective agonist site na IV infusion[1]
* TAK-994 - OX2 receptor agonist pill (n'ọnụ) https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800054722

### Monoaminergics

* Flecainide/modafinil (THN-102) - modafinil (dopamine reuptake inhibitor) na flecainide (antiarrhythmic) ngwakọta http://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800045045 
* Mazindol na-achịkwa ntọhapụ (NLS-1001, NLS-1) - norepinephrine-predominant serotonin-norepinephrin-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI) [1]
* Reboxetine (AXS-12) - norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI) https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800053169

### Ndị na-anabata GHB

* FT-218 (sodium oxybate na-achịkwa ntọhapụ) - GHB na GABAB receptor agonist http://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800041142

### Ndị na-egbochi GABAA

* Pentylenetetrazole (BTD-001) - GABAA receptor negative allosteric modulator http://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800038901

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta ọgwụ nyocha

## Ntụaka
Indiplon

Indiplon (INN na USAN) bụ nonbenzodiazepine, ọgwụ na-eme ka mmadụ kwụsị ịrapara n'ụzọ abụọ - usoro ntọhapụ ozugbo na ihe niile na ndị ọzọ ụra mbụ Nile dị ka maka mmalite ụra, na ntọhapụ gbanwere (nke a na-akpọkwa ntọhapụ a na-achịkwa ma ọ bụ ntọhapụ gbatịrị) maka mmezi ụra.

## Ụzọ e si eme ihe
Indiplon na-arụ ọrụ site n'ịkwalite ọrụ nke inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, dị ka ọtụtụ ihe ndi mádu ziri ihe nọr ka ọzọ na-abụghị benzodiazepine sedatives. Ọ na-ejikọta na α1 subunits nke GABAA receptors na ụbụrụ.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
A chọpụtara Indiplon na Lederle Laboratories (nke Wyeth mechara nweta) n'afọ ndị 1980 ma kpọọ ya CL 285,489.: 454 Na 1998 Lederle nyere ya ikikere, ya na ndị ọzọ na-achọ ọgwụ, na DOV Pharmaceutical, mmalite nke ndị ọrụ Lederle mbụ guzobere, na Dov nyere ikikere na ọgwụ ahụ nwere ike ịbelata ọnụ nke ndị na ahụ na Neurocrine Biosciences n'otu afọ ahụ.  N'afọ 2002, Neurocrine sonyeere Pfizer iji mepụta ọgwụ ahụ.

E mere ndokwa maka ntọhapụ Indiplon na 2007, mgbe Sanofi-Aventis' popular hypnotic zolpidem tụfuru ikike ikike ya na United States ma si otú a bụrụ nke dị ọnụ ala. N'afọ 2002, Neurocrine Biosciences abanyela na nkwekọrịta ya na Pfizer iji soro ahịa indiplon na US, na nkwekọ ruru $ 400m.  Otú ọ dị, mgbe FDA wepụtara akwụkwọ ozi a na-apụghị ikwenye economy maka usoro ntọhapụ 15 mg gbanwere na akwụkwọ ozi a kwadoro na nkwupụta maka mbipụta 5 mg na 10 mg ozugbo site na FDA na Mee 2006, Pfizer kwụsịrị mmekọrịta ya na Neurocrine. Ọnụahịa ngwaahịa Neurocrine dara 60% na akụkọ ahụ.

N'ịgbaso nzaghachi, FDA na Disemba 2007 weere ngwa ọgwụ ọhụrụ nke Neurocrine (NDA) 'kwesịrị ekwesị' na usoro ụlọ Akwụkwọ Anyị mụtara n'aka Onye Okike nke eluigwe 5 na 10 mg, mana rịọrọ ọmụmụ ọhụrụ dị ka ihe dị mkpa maka nkwenye, gụnyere nnwale ahụike na ndị agadi, nyocha nchekwa na-eji mmetụta ọjọọ tụnyere nke ọgwụ ndị a na-ere ahịa, na nyocha tupu ahụike na-enyocha nchekwa indiplon na nke atọ nke ime ime.

N'ịgbaso akwụkwọ ozi FDA nke afọ 2007, Neurocrine kpebiri ịkwụsị mmepe niile nke Indiplon na United States.

## Ntụaka
Α-Hydroxyetizolam

Etizolam's ọzọ na-abụghị pharmacologically na-arụ ọrụ metabolite na ụdị ke amụta site na ụmụ mmadụ bu 8-hydroxyetizolam.

## Hụkwa
 

## Ntụaka
Heptabarb

**Heptabarb** (INN; **Eudan**, **Medapan**, **Medomin**, **Noctyn**), nke a makwaara dị ka **heptabarbitone** (BAN) ma ọ bụ **heptabarbital**, bụ ọgwụ na-eme ka mmadụ kwụsị ọrụ nke ezinụlọ barbiturate. A na-eji ya na Europe maka ọgwụgwọ nke mbibi ebighị dị ka ndị mmadụ n'ihe ehighị ụra nke ọma site na 1950s gaa n'ihu, mana kemgbe ahụ ka a kwụsịrị ya.

## Hụkwa

* Barbiturate

## Ntụaka
Fludiazepam

**Fludiazepam**, nke a na-ere n'okpuru aha **Erispan** (エリスパン) bụ benzodiazepine dị ike na 2ʹfluoro sitere na diazepam, bụ nke Hoffman-La Roche mepụtara na 1960s. A na-ere ya na Japan na Taiwan. [mkpa nhota] Ọ na-arụ ọrụ ọgwụ ya site na ịkwalite mgbochi GABAergic. Fludiazepam nwere okpukpu anọ karịa njikọ maka ndị na-anabata benzodiazepine karịa diazepam. Ọ nwere ihe na-eme ndị mmadụ n'ihe ndị na em ka nchegbu kwụsị, ihe na-egbochi nkụchi, ihe na'ime ka ahụ dị jụụ, ihe na na-emebi ihe na-emetụta ahụike. A na-eji Fludiazepam eme ihe ntụrụndụ.

## Hụkwa

* Diazepam
* Diclazepam (nke yiri 2ʹ-chloro)
* Difludiazepam (nke sitere na 2',6'-difluoro)
* Flunitrazepam (nke 7-nitro analog)
* Flualprazolam (nke sitere na triazolo)
* Ro20-8552

## Ntụaka
Flubromazepam

**Flubromazepam** bụ ihe sitere na benzodiazepine nke e mepụtara na 1960, mana ọ dịghị mgbe a na-ere ya n'ahịa ma ọ bụghị ọzọ ka a na-elebara na ụdị ke amụta ya anya ma ọ bụ na-amụ ya ruo na ngwụcha afọ 2012 mgbe ọ pụtara n'ahịa na-acha ntụ ntụ dị ka ọgwụ ọhụrụ.

Enwere ike ire isomer ọzọ, 5- (2-bromophenyl) -7-fluoro-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one ma ọ bụ ọgwụ mgbochi ịba gụnyere "iso-flubromazepam", n'okpuru otu aha ahụ.
áká_èkpè|thumb|222x222px|Isomer ọzọ

## Ọnọdụ iwu
Na UK, e kewapụtara flubromazepam dị ka ọgwụ Class C site na mmezigharị May 2017 na Iwu Mmetụta Ọgwụ 1971 yana ọtụtụ ọgwụ ndị ọzọ na-emepụta benzodiazepine.

Flubromazepam, clonazolam, na flubromazolam bụ ihe ndị a na-achịkwa na Schedule I n'okpuru Iwu Steeti Virginia.

## Hụkwa
 

## Ntụaka
Fenadiazole

**Fenadiazole** (INN), nke a makwaara dị ka **phénadiazole** (DCF) ma na-ere n'okpuru aha **Hypnazol**, **Eudormil**, na Viodor, bụ ọgwụ na-eme ka mmadụ kwụsị ịlụso ehighị ụra nke a na-eji agwọ ma anaghịzi ere ahịa. A na-akọwa ya dị ka ọgwụ na-abụghị barbiturate hypnotic nke nwere akara ma ọ bụ ihe dị omimi na ọgwụgwọ n'ime ụmụ anụmanụ, mmetụta hypnotic dịgasị iche iche n'ime mmadụ (na-akpali ụra ngwa ngwa gbaba n'ebe nile site n'ime ụmụ ndị ogbi ozi ọma ahụ n'ebe nile maka awa 6 ruo 8), ihe mgbochi mgbochi, na mmetụta spasmolytic, na profaịlụ na-anagide nke ọma n'ime ndị mmadụ (na nkezi nke 200 mg / ụbọchị). Ọgwụ ahụ mepụtara, kọwaa ya na ọgwụ, mepụtara ya, mepụtara, ma na-ere ya site na ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ọgwụ na France bụ Laboratoires Jacques Logeais n'etiti afọ 1960 na 1962. Dị ka ihe na-eme ka mmadụ kwụsị ma na-eme ihe na-adịghị ndị mmadụ mma, fenadiazole nwere usoro kemịkal pụrụ iche nke sitere na oxadiazole. Ọ nwere ike ịbelata ọtụtụ ndị na eme na ohiri ike ịbụ na ọ nwere njikọ kemịkalụ na ọgwụ ndị ọzọ na-eme ka mmadụ kwụsị ịrapara mmadụ n'ahụ na ọ bụghị ihe a na-ahụkarị.

## Ntụaka
EVT-201

**EVT-201** bụ ọgwụ sitere na benzodiazepine na akụkụ ụfọdụ nke modulator allosteric nke saịtị benzodiazepin nke onye na-anabata GABAA. Ọ nwere okpukpu 2-4 dị elu maka subunit α1 na subunit α2, α3, na α5 na ọrụ dị ala ma na ụdị nke ụwa họrọ site n'ime ka ndị na eme e jiri ya tụnyere benzodiazepines na-ere ahịa ugbu a na Z-ọgwụ. N'agbanyeghị ịdị irè dị ala, EVT-201 ka na-egosi ịdị irè na ọgwụgwọ nke ehighị ụra nke ọma, a na-eche na ịdị irè dị obere nwere ike ịkpata mmetụta ndị ọzọ dị ala, dị ka enweghị nhazi ndị akwadoro dị ndụ ebighị ebi n'ụwa nke moto. Ọ bụ Roche mepụtara ọgwụ ahụ na mbụ, dabere na data preclinical, dị ka ihe na-adịghị echegbu onwe ya, mana achọpụtara na ọ na-emepụta sedation n'ime ụmụ mmadụ na nyocha ahụike nke mbụ. N'ihi nke a, e mechara nye Evotec ikikere, nke na-emepe ya ugbu a maka ọgwụgwọ ehighị ụra.  afọ 2007, EVT-201 emechaala nyocha nke abụọ maka ihe ngosi a, na nchọpụta dị mma.  afọ , mmepe nke abụọ na-aga n'ihu na China.

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta ọgwụ ụra nyocha

## Ntụaka


## Njikọ mpụga

* EVT-201 - AdisInsight
Evoxin

Chemical compound

thumb|Evoxin
**Evoxine** (**haploperine**) bụ furoquinoline alkaloid nwere mmetụta hypnotic na sedative. A na-ahụ ya ahazi ka ndị n'ụzọ okike n'ọtụtụ osisi Australia na Africa gụnyere *[[Evodia xanthoxyloides]]* na *[[Teclea gerrardii]]*.

## Ntụaka
Etodroxizine

**Etodroxizine** (INN) (aha aha **Vesparax**, **Drimyl**, **Indunox**, **Isonox**) bụ ọgbọ mbụ nke antihistamine nke otu diphenylmethylpiperazine nke a na-eji dị ka ọgwụ sedative / hypnotic na ụdị nke ụwa na etolite ọnụego Europe na South Africa.

## Hụkwa

* Hydroxyzine
* Pipoxizine

## Ntụaka
Ethyl loflazepate

**Ethyl loflazepate** (nke a na-ere n'okpuru aha **Meilax**, **Ronlax** na **Victan**) bụ ọgwụ nke bụ benzodiazepine. Ọ nwere ihe na-eme ka nchegbu kwụsị, ihe na-egbochi nkụchi, ihe na'ime ka ọ dị jụụ na ihe na-ehi ụra. N'ọmụmụ anụmanụ, a chọpụtara nwere ihe mmụta sayensị na okpukpe mmalite nke narị afọ nke dị ka ndị na ọ nwere obere nsị, ọ bụ ezie na n'ime òké, ihe akaebe nke phospholipidosis nke akpa ume mere na mkpụrụ ndụ ụfụfụ na-etolite na iji ọgwụ dị elu eme ihe ogologo oge. Ọkara ndụ ya bụ awa 51-103. Usoro ọrụ ya yiri nke benzodiazepines ndị ọzọ. Ethyl loflazepate na-emepụta metabolite na-arụ ọrụ nke siri ike karịa nne na nna. E mere Ethyl loflazepate ka ọ bụrụ ọgwụ maka descarboxyloflazepate, metabolite ya na-arụ ọrụ. Ọ bụ metabolite na-arụ ọrụ nke na-akpata ọtụtụ n'ime mmetụta ọgwụ karịa ethyl loflazepate. Ndị isi metabolites nke ethyl loflazepate bụ descarbethoxyloflazepate, loflazepane na 3-hydroxydescarbethoxylflazepate. Nchịkọta akụkọ ụra akpa dị ka onye isi oche nke metabolites na-arụ ọrụ nke ethyl loflazepate anaghị emetụta ndị nwere nkwarụ ma ọ bụrụ na anyị na ụdị nke ụwa na bụ nkwarụ. Mgbaàmà nke oke ọgwụ ethyl loflazepate gụnyere ụra, ịma jijiji na ataxia. Hypotonia nwekwara ike ịpụta na ọrịa siri ike. Mgbaàmà ndị a na-apụta ugboro ugboro na nke siri ike n'ime ụmụaka. Ọnwụ site na ọgwụgwọ mmezi ọgwụgwọ nke ethyl loflazepate e wepụtara maka izu 2 - 3 ka a kọrọ na ndị agadi 3 ndị ọrịa. Ihe kpatara ọnwụ ya bụ asphyxia n'ihi nsị benzodiazepine ndị na eme ka. Nnukwu ọgwụ fluvoxamine na-egbochi ịda mbà n'obi nwere ike ime ka mmetụta ọjọọ nke ethyl loflazepate dịkwuo njọ.

Ethyl loflazeplate na-ere ahịa na Mexico, n'okpuru aha azụmahịa Victan. A kwadoro ya maka ọnọdụ ndị a:

* Nchegbu
* Nchegbu na-esote mmerụ ahụ
* Nchegbu metụtara nnukwu ihe mgbu na-emetụta akwara
* Nsogbu nchegbu zuru oke (GAD)
* Nsogbu na-emetụta uche
* Mwakpo egwu
* Ịgba aghara na-eme

## Hụkwa

* Benzodiazepine

## Ntụaka
Ethinamate

**Ethinamate** (**Valamin**, Valmid) bụ ọgwụ na-eme mkpirikpi nke carbamate-derivative sedative-hypnotic nke a na-eji agwọ ehighị ụra.  Iji ya eme ihe mgbe niile na-eduga n'ịnagide ndị na eme ka anyị si egosi na anyị ga esi egosi ọgwụ, ọ naghị adịkarị irè ruo ihe karịrị ụbọchị 7.  Ojiji a na-eji ya eme  ogologo oge nwere ike iduga n'ịdabere.

E jirila ọgwụ ndị ọzọ dochie anya ethinamate (karịsịa benzodiazepines), ọ dịkwaghị na Netherlands, United States ma ọ bụ Canada.

Ọ bụ ihe na-eme na United States.

## Nchịkọta
Ethinamate (1-ethynylcyclohexanone carbamate) na-ejikọta site na ijikọta acetylene na cyclohexanona iji mee 1-ethynyl cycloéxanol, wee gbanwee nke a ka ọ bụrụ carbamate site na mmeghachi omume na-esote na phosgene, ma mesịa na ammonia. A na-eji ụfọdụ lithium metal ma ọ bụ ihe yiri ya mee ka acetylene na cyclohexanone meghachi omume na nzọụkwụ mbụ.

: 500x500px

## Ntụaka
Embutramide

**Embutramide** (INN, USAN, BAN) (aha njirimara **Embutane**) bụ ọgwụ opioid analgesic na sedative dị ike nke nwere njikọ na methadone. Ọ bụ Hoechst AG mepụtara ya na 1958 ma nyochaa ya dị ka ihe na-akụnwụ ahụ n'ozuzu ya, mana achọpụtara na ọ nwere windo ọgwụgwọ dị warara, na 50 mg / kg ọgwụ na-emepụta sedation dị irè na 75 mg / kg na-egbu egbu. Tinyere mmetụta siri ike nke sedative, embutramide na-emepụta nkụda mmụọ iku ume na ventricular arrhythmia. N'ihi ihe ndị a, ọ dịghị mgbe a nabatara ya maka ọgwụgwọ dị ka Ihe ndị sitere ná na-akụnwụ ahụ n'ihi na a na-ewere ndị na ụdị ke amụta site na iji ya dị ka ihe dị ize ndụ maka nzube a. Kama nke ahụ, a na-eji ya maka euthanasia na ọgwụ anụmanụ, ọkachasị maka euthanization nke nkịta.

A na-emepụta Embutramide dị ka ngwaahịa ngwakọta n'okpuru aha Tributame, nke nwekwara chloroquine na lidocaine.

A na-eji Embutramide eme ihe maka euthanasia nke anụmanụ dị iche iche, ọkachasị obere anụmanụ a na-elekọta dị ka anụ ụlọ karịa nnukwu anụ ụlọ. Ọ nwere ike ịkpata nnukwu ihe mgbu na anụmanụ a na-egbu egbu, yabụ ọ nwere ike ịbelata ọnụ ụzọ ámá nke ozor na ímé ihe nọr ka ébé ike ịbụ ihe na-adịchaghị mma karịa ọgwụ ochie eji eme ihe maka ebumnuche a dịka pentobarbital; Otú ọ dị, ọ nwere ike ịnwe obere mmetọ karịa barbiturates karịsịa na usoro ngwakọta Tributame, ya mere o yighị ka a gbanwee ya maka mmetọ ntụrụndụ. Otú ọ dị, a kọrọ na ndị nwere ike ịnweta ọgwụ ahụ na-eji Embutramide eme ihe maka igbu onwe ha, a gbakwunyere ya na ndepụta nke ọgwụ Schedule III na US na 2006, dị ka Non-Narcotic na ACSCN 2020, nke na-ekewa ya na ndị na-akụda mmụọ dị ka benzodiazepines, barbiturates, na ọgwụ ndị ọzọ na-eme ka ọgwụ.

## Nchịkọta
center|thumb|500x500px|Patents: Nchịkọta:
Alkylation nke (3-Methoxyphenyl) acetonitrile [**1**99**2**4-43-7] (1) na bromoethane na-enye 2-Ethyl-2- (3-methoxyphenyl), -butanenitrile [40692-21-5] (2). A na-eji sodium ndị mmadụ n'ihe ndị na borohydride belata otu nitrile iji nye 2-ethyl-2- (3-methoxyphenyl) butan-1-amine [93309-48-9] (**3**'). Ọdịdị amide site na mmeghachi omume na gamma-butyrolactone rụzuru njikọ nke embutramide (**4**).

## Ntụaka
Doxefazepam

**Doxefazepam** (nke a na-ere n'okpuru aha **Doxans**) bụ ọgwụ benzodiazepine Ọ nwere ihe na-eme ka nchegbu kwụsị, ihe na-egbochi nkụchi, sedative na ihe na-ehi ụra nke ọkpụkpụ. A na-eji ya agwọ ọrịa dị ka ọgwụ na-eme ka mmadụ na-ehi ụra. Dị ka Babbini na ndị ọrụ ibe ya si kwuo na ụdị nke ụwa na ụdị nke dị ka onye isi oche nke ọkụ na 1975, ihe a sitere na flurazepam dị n'etiti okpukpu abụọ na okpukpu anọ karịa nke ikpeazụ ma n'otu oge ahụ bụrụ ọkara dị ka nsị na anụmanụ ụlọ nyocha.

## Mmetụta ndị ọzọ
Akụkụ 5.5 nke isiokwu Doxefazepam na Mpịakọta 66 nke Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa (WHO) na International Agency for Research on Cancer's (IARC) IARC Monographs na nyocha nke ihe ize ndụ carcinogenic nye ụmụ mmadụ, isiokwu na-akọwa mmetụta carcinogenic / toxic nke *doxefazefam* na ụmụ mmadụ na ụmụ anụmanụ na-anwale, na-ekwu na enwere "ihe akaebe na-ezughị ezu n'ime ụmụ mmadụ maka carcinogenicity nke doxefefaze" na ọgwụ na-eme ka mmadụ ghara imebi.

## Hụkwa

* Benzodiazepine

## Ntụaka


* Inchem.org - Doxefazepam
* Akwụkwọ edemede IARC - Doxefazepam
Rivers State Waste Management Agency

Rivers State Waste Management Agency (**RIWAMA**) bụ ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị nke Rivers State nke na-ahụ maka ịkwalite gburugburu ebe obibi na ebumnuche nke inweta mgbanwe dị mma na nke dị ukwuu na ọnọdụ ndụ yana ibelata ọrịa ma ọ bụ nsogbu ahụike na steeti ahụ. Ọ bụ ụlọ omebe iwu nke Rivers State mepụtara ya n'afọ 2013 ma gọvanọ steeti kwadoro ya n'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2014. Tupu nke a, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka "Rivers State Environmental Sanitation Authority (RSESA) " nke e guzobere n'afọ 1983 iji dozie ihe mkpofu obodo na nsogbu ndị ọzọ metụtara ya.

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị nke Rivers State
* Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi

## Edensibia
Ethallobarbital

**Ethallobarbital** (aha aha Dormin, **Dumex**, Dormitiv, **Dorval**), nke a makwaara dị ka ethallymal na **5-allyl-5-ethylbarbituric acid**, bụ barbiturate allyl dochie anya nke a kọwara dị ka ndị ọzọ n sedative / hypnotic. E mepụtara ya na 1927.

## Hụkwa

## Ntụaka
Eplivanserin

Sanofi Aventis kwupụtara na Disemba 2009 na ọ na-ewepụ akwụkwọ ya maka nkwado nke eplivanserin site na Nchịkwa nri na ọgwụ US na Agencylọ Ọrụ Ọgwụ na Europe.

## Usoro nke ọrụ
Eplivanserin bụ onye na-emegide serotonin receptor subtype 5-HT2A. N'adịghị ka ọgwụ ndị na-eme ka mmadụ kwụsị ịrụ ọrụ nkụzi kasị dị umeala na 5-HT2A receptors (dịka, mirtazapine, clozapine, risperidone), eplivanserin enweghị njikọ ọ bụla na dopamine, histamine na adrenergic receptors.

## Nsonaazụ ọmụmụ
N'ime nnwale ọgwụgwọ nke Phase II nke placebo na-achịkwa na mmadụ 351, eplivanserin belatara oge ụra site na afo nwela onwa iri nkeji 39 (ma e jiri ya tụnyere nkeji 26 n'okpuru placebo).

## Nchịkọta
center|thumb|500x500px|Patent: Chinese
Njikọ dị n'etiti 2'-Fluoroacetophenone [44**5**-27-2] (5) & 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde [123-08-0] (**6**) na-enye chalcone dị n'agbata (nakwa enone), ya bụ. CID:53982926 (**7**). 

(2-chloroethyl) dimethylamine (CDMA) na acetone oxime na-emeghachi omume ọnụ iji nye dimethyhaminoacetoxime (DMA acetoxime), CID:16641114 (**3**). 

## Hụkwa

* Pimavanserin
* Volinanserin

## Ntụaka
Uche Nwaefuna (Montana).

**Uche Nwaefuna** // (na-ege ntị) (amụrụ mgbe ọnwa Mee  gbara abalị asatọ, n'afọ 1994) bụ onye Naijiria na-eme ihe nkiri na ihe nlereanya. A makwaara ya dị ka **Uche Montana** . N'afọ 2018, ọ meriri Moreklue All Youth Awards Africa, nke a makwaara dị ka Maya Awards (Africa), dịka onye na-akwado ihe nkiri kachasị mma na usoro TV - *Hush* .

## Akụkọ ndụ ya.
A mụrụ Nwaefuna na Lagọs. A zụlitere ya na Lagọs, ihe ka ukwuu n'oge ọ bụ nwata bụ ya na nne na nna ya.

### Mmụta
Uche Nwaefuna's gara akwụkwọ Primari, secọndari, nakwa Mahadum ya na Lagọs. Ọ gara Primari ya na Loral International School, Festac, Lagọs. Agụmakwụkwọ ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị dị na Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education International School Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ dị elu ya na diplọma na iwu.

### Ọrụ
Nwaefuna malitere ịpụta n'ihe nkiri dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri Naijiria n'afọ 2015 mgbe o mere nke mbụ ya dịka onye ọrụ ụlọ na ihe nkiri Poison Ivy . Ọ pụtakwara na usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn *Hush* nke e gosipụtara na African Magic Showcase na African Magic Family na GOtv Africa site n'afọ 2016 rụọ n'afọ 2017. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ gosipụtara na ndu na nkwado na ọtụtụ ihe nkiri Nollywood, n'etiti ha bụ The Fake Life of Abuja Housewives n'akụkụ Fredrick Leonard, Nancy Isime, na ndị ọzọ na-eme ihe nkiri. O gosipụtara na Uzor Arukwe, Belinda Effah, Alex Ekubo, n'etiti ndị ọzọ na Hire a Woman .

## Ihe nkiri

## Ndị a nabatara

## Edensibịa


## Njikọ mpụga

* 
* @uchemontana na Instagram
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Katharina Kohse-Höinghaus

**Katharina Kohse-Höinghaus** (amụrụ na 18 Disemba 1951) bụ onye Germani na-emepụta kemịkal.

Kohse-Höinghaus gụrụ Chemistry na Mahadum Ruhr Bochum site na afo 1970 ruo  na afo 1975. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ doctorate ya na Mahadum Ruhr Bochum na 1978 na ebe obibi ya na Machịum Stuttgart na 1992. Kemgbe afọ 1994, ọ bụ prọfesọ maka kemịkalụ anụ ahụ na Mahadum Bielefeld.  O guzobere otu n'ime ụlọ nyocha mbụ maka ụlọ akwụkwọ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi oche nke Institut nke na ahụ maka combushon  n'etiti afọ 2012 na 2016.

## Nchoputa
Nnyocha ya na-elekwasị anya na nchọpụta ọkụ site na iji laser spectroscopy na mass spectrometry, ntinye nke ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ site na gas-phase, na nyocha nke usoro na-emeghachi omume.

## Ihe nrite na mbanye na otu
Ọ natara onyinye na ndị otu ndị a:

* Order of Merit nke Federal Republic of Germany na 2007
* Onye otu Academy of Sciences Leopoldina kemgbe 2008
* Onye otu German Council of Science and Humanities kemgbe afọ 2012
* Onye otu acatech kemgbe 2015
* Onye otu Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities kemgbe 2016
* Onye otu North Rhine-Westphalian Academy of Sciences, Humanities and the Arts kemgbe 2017
* Onye otu na ahụ maka ngalaba sayensị na irope kemgbe 2017
* Fellow nke The Combustion Institute kemgbe 2018
* Ihe ncheta Walther Nernst site na Deutsche Bunsen-Gesellschaft für Physikalische Chemie na 2020
* Onye otu Chinese Academy of Sciences kemgbe 2021

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Bénédicte Cuenot

Bénédict Cuenot bu onye French I injinia nke na ahụ maka ihe gbasara ngụkọta na nhazi ihe ndị metụtara ikike ikuku, nakwa etu ihe gbasara obi si aga mana ezukorita. Igwe omeputara bu ihe nke eji achọpụta maka ihe ndị na emebigasi ihe gbasara iku ume, ihe ndị na ewebata íshí ọjọọ, ihe gbasara petrolu , igwe combushon nakwa ihe ga akwusilata combushon.

Ọ bu Bénédict bu onye no na isi ma na ahụkwa ihe gbasara ngalaba na amu maka combushon ma mba iropu .Ọ na ahu maka ngalaba ndị na emezi ihe sayensị na Mba Toulouse nakwa mahadum nọ na Netherlands nke ama dika mahadum na amu maka teknoloji nakwa mekaniks.

Cuenot gụrụ injinia na École Centrale Paris, nweta nzere injinia ma nweta nzere masta na 1990. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ doctorate na 1995, na thesis Étude asymptotique et numérique de la structure des flammes de diffusion laminaires et turbulentes [Asymptotic and numerical study of the structure of laminar and turbulent diffusion flames] nke Thierry Poinsot lekọtara na National Polytechnic Institute of Toulouse . Ọ nwetara habilitation na 2000.

Mgbe ọ ghọsịrị onye isi nke nyocha ọkụ na CERFACS, na 2021 ọ gbakwunyere njikọ nwa oge dị ka prọfesọ na Mahadum Teknụzụ nke Eindhoven, ebe ọ na-esonyere otu Jeroen A. van Oijen na ngalaba injinia igwe. [2]

## Nkwado
A họpụtara Cuenot na klas mbụ nke 2018 nke Fellows nke The Combustion Institute, "maka ọganihu magburu onwe ya na imepụta na imepụta ọkụ na-agbawa agbawa na gburugburu dị mgbagwoju anya, nke nwere ọtụtụ physics".

## Edensibia

## Ụzọ ndị ọzọ

* Bénédicte Cuenot publications indexed by Google Scholar
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Chung K. Law

Am

ụrụ Chung . K. Law na 31st Ogostu 1947 na Mba Chaina.

Ma

na ọ bịara bụrụ na mba Amirika.￼

Chung King Law (Chinese: 羅忠敬; amụrụ na 31 Ọgọst 1947; nke a makwaara dịka Ed Law) bụ onye sayensị Amirika a mụrụ na Chaina na prọfesọ Robert H. Goddard na Mahadum Princeton. Ọ bụ ọkachamara na sayensị ọkụ.

## Ọrụ ya nakwa nchoputa ya di íchè iche
Law nwetara nzere bachelọ na mastas ya, site na Mahadum Alberta na Mahadim Toronto. Ọ gụsịrị PhD ya na 1973 n'okpuru nlekọta nke Forman A. Williams na Mahadum California San Diego. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ụlọorụ nke na ahụ maka nchoputa di ichè ichè ruo afọ abụọ na obere oge na Mahadum Princeton tupu ọ banye na ngalaba na Mahadum nke nọ na mgbagona afo 1976. Ọ sonyeere ngalaba nke Mahadum California Davis na 1984 wee hapụ na 1988, iji sonye na ngalaba na Mahadum Princeton, ebe ọ bụ prọfesọ Robert H. Goddard ugbu a.

Iwu enyela ọtụtụ onyinye n'ọhịa ọkụ, ọkachasị, n'ihe gbasara droplet dynamics na ọkụ.

## Akwụkwọ
 

## Nsọpụrụ na onyinye
Iwu nwere ọtụtụ nsọpụrụ na onyinye. Ọ bụ onye a họpụtara na ASME (1989), AIAA (1992), Combushon Institut. na APS (2006).
 
Akwụkwọ akụkọ Combustion and Flame wepụtara mbipụta pụrụ iche na-echeta afọ 70 nke Law na 2018.

## Edensibia

## Nchoputa na ụzọ ndị ọzọ

* Chung K. Law at the Mathematics Genealogy Project

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Moshe Matalon (onye injinia)

**Moshe Matalon** bụ onye injinia Israel-Amirika  na onye na-eme mgbakọ na mwepụ, ugbu a katapiila na ahazi ọrụ dịka profeso na Mahadum Illinois na Urbana-Champaign.

## Akụkọ ndu ya
Ọ gụsịrị nzere bachelọ na masta ya na Mahadum Tel Aviv na 1973 wee gụchaa PhD ya na 1977 na Mahadim Cornell, n'okpuru nlekọta nke Geoffrey S.S. Ludford. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Mahadum New York Tandon School of Engineering site na 1978 ruo 1980 wee gaa Mahadum Northwestern site na 1980 ruo 2006. O mechara kwaga Mahadum Illinois na Urbana-Champaign na 2007. Mpaghara nyocha ya gụnyere ọkụ na mmiri.

A họpụtara Matalon dịka onye so na otu na ahu maka mpaghara nke nke obodo (APS) na 1995, otu onye so na Institut nke phisiks (IOP) na 1999, Fellow nke Amirika Institut na ahụ maka ụgbọelu nakwa Astronautics (AIAA) na 2012, na otu onye nke na ahụ maka combushon  Institut na afo 2018. Ọ bụ onye mmekọ nke UIUC centa na ahụ maka agụmakwụkwọ nke ndi gbagoro agbagọ na onye natara ọtụtụ onyinye, gụnyere AIAA Pendray Aerospace Literature Award (2010), AIAA Fluid Dynamics Award (2016), ihe nrite Numa Manson nke Institut nke  the Dynamik nakwa mgbasasi nke sistem dị iche iche (2017), na Ya. B. Zeldovich Gold Medal nke Combustion Institute (2020). Matalon na-ejekwa ozi dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ nke Combustion Theory and Modelling.

## Lekwaa
 

## Edensibia

## Njikọ ndị ọzọ gasi

* Moshe Matalon at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Angela Violi

**Angela Violi** bu onye mba itali nakwa mba Amirika nke gùrù akwụkwọ dika injinia combushon onye mere nchoputa gbasara isiokwu dị iche iche, okachasi isiokwu gbasara kemikal maka ihe ndị eji emepụta ihe dị iche iche site na combushon. Ọbụkwa profeso nke F.Thurnau na mahadum nke Michigan. Na ngalaba nke na ahụ maka mekanikal injinia, biomedikal injinia, biophisiks, applied phisiks nakwa kemikal injinia.

## Agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ ya
Violi gụrụ akwụkwọ na injinia kemịkal na Mahadum Naples Federico nke Abụọ, nweta laurea na 1994 ma mechaa Ph.D. ya na 1999. Mgbe ọ nwetasịrị nyocha postdoctoral na Mahadum Utah, ọ nọgidere na Mahadim Utah dịka prọfesọ nyocha ruo mgbe ọ kwagara Mahadum Michigan dị ka osote prọfesụ na 2006. Ọ ghọrọ osote prọfesọ na 2009 na prọfesụ zuru oke na 2015,  ma kpọọ ya Arthur F. Thurnau Prọfesọ n'afọ 2020. 

## Nkwado
Violi bụ onye mmeri nke George Westinghouse Silver Medal nke American Society of Mechanical Engineers, "maka mbọ ọrụ nke lekwasịrị anya na usoro na-emeghachi omume na okpomọkụ dị elu, nke dị oke egwu maka ngwa ndị a na-ahụkarị gụnyere iji ike na ihe ndị dị elu". [1] Ọ bụ onye mmeghe nke Adel Sarofim Award nke 2017 maka "ọganihu dị ịrịba ama na nghọta usoro ọkụ, ịmepụta ọkụ site na usoro nke mmetụta ahụike ha" na International Congress on Combustion By Brect SA Women and 2019

A họpụtara ya na klas 2019 nke Fellows nke The Combustion Institute, "maka onyinye dị ịrịba ama na nyocha dị mkpa nke imepụta ihe, na-ebute ụzọ n'iji simulations nke ọtụtụ ihe na-eme n'ime ọkụ".

## Edensibia

## Njikọ ndị ọzọ gasi

* Ìgwè Violi
* Angela Violi publications indexed by Google Scholar
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Stephen B. Pope

Stephen B. Pope si Mahadum Cornell, e nyere ya ọnọdụ nke Fellow na American Physical Society, mgbe Division of Fluid Dynamics họpụtara ha na 1991, maka *onyinye nke uru nchekwa* na usoro ọrụ nwere ike ime na modeling turbulence, iji ghọta geometri na mgbagwoju anya nke elu na ahụ maka I ogbaaghara na iwepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ Lagrangian site na simulashon ọnụogụgụ. Ọ bụ onye natara 2008 Ya. B. Zeldovich Gold Medal site na nke Combushon Institut na propelants nakwa ihe nrite nke combushon (2012) site na Amirika nke Aeronautics and Astronautics. Ọ nọ ugbu a na kọmitii nchịkọta akụkọ nke Combushon thiori na Modelling

A họpụtara Pope ka ọ bụrụ onye otu National Academy of Engineering na 2010 maka onyinye maka imepụta ihe na-agagharị agagharị, gụnyere mmepe nke usoro ọrụ dị iche iche maka ọkụ ọkụ.

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ụbọchị Ista

**Pascale Domingo** bu onye Frenchi combushon phisikist nakwa aerothermokist onye na eji ihe ndị dị ọtụtụ na simulashon iji gụọ ihe gbasara ikuku ọkụ ndị si na ihe mwukota nke petrolu . Ọ bu onye direktor na emere ndị Frenchi nchoputa na ihe gbasara sayensi nke metụtara complexes de recherche interprofessionel .

## Agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ ya
Domingo gụsịrị Ph.D. na physiks na 1991 na Mahadum Rouen Normandy, na edemede Modélisation numérique de plasmas en écoulement nke Dany Vandromme lekọtara. [1] Ọ bụ onye nyocha postdoctoral na 1992 na ngalaba Aeronautics na Astronautics nke Mahadum Stanford. 

## Nkwado
A họpụtara Domingo na klas 2019 nke Fellows nke The Combustion Institute, "maka onyinye magburu onwe ya na ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ nke ọkụ gụnyere usoro ọkụ na-ebu amụma nnukwu na obere ụdị kemịkal". [1]

## Edensibia

## Njikọ ndị ọzọ gasi

* Pascale Domingo publications indexed by Google Scholar
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Carlos Fernández-Pello

**Carlos Fernández-Pello** (amụrụ na Asturias, Spain) bụ onye otu ngalaba nke Mahadum kalifonia Berkeley, Ngalaba Injinia Mekanikal.  Ọ na-ejekwa ozi dịka onyeisi na ngalaba Graduate na Berkeley, ebe ọ na-elekọta mmemme Graduate Diversity Program, Amirika indian Graduate programu , ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ nke Graduate Divishon mkpakọrịta, akwụkwọ, na weebụsaịtị.  Mmasị nyocha ya dị na ọkụ, okpomọkụ na nnyefe oke, ọkụ microgravity, ọkụ micro na meso-scale, ọkụ na mgbasa ọkụ, smouldering na mgbanwe na ọkụ ọkụ. Fernández-Pello etinyela aka na ọrụ nkuzi na nyocha kemgbe afọ 1970 na ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche.

## Ọrụ na nchoputa
Carlos Fernández-Pello natara Ph.D. ya na Mahadum California, San Diego na 1975 n'okpuru nlekọta nke Forman A. Williams. Na mbido, ọ natara nzere M.Sc. (1973) na U.C. San Diego, na Bachelor ya na Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (Spain, 1968). Mgbe ọ rụchara ọrụ dị ka onye nyocha postdoctoral na Harvard, Mahadum Princeton na Mahadum Northwestern, ọ sonyeere UC Berkeley na 1980. Kemgbe ahụ, ọ nọ n'ọkwá agụmakwụkwọ ndị a: osote dean nke Graduate Division (site na 2003), osote onyeisi oche nke ihe ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Ngalaba Injinịa Mechanical (1997-2000), osote onye isi oche nke Graduate Council (2000-2001), prọfesọ (site na 1986), na osote prọfesor (1982-1986).

Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka injinia na ụlọ ọrụ na SENER (Spain). Ọ bụ onye otu The Spanish Royal Academy of injiniaring , nke Amirika na ahụ maka ngalaba obodo di iche iche nke combushon Institut, na Amirika Institut nke Aeronautics and Astronautics. Ọzọkwa, ọ bụ onye otu mahadum nke na eme nchoputa di iche iche, nke Microgravity sayensị na applikashon consul  ndị nduzi nke Center for Pure and Applied Mathematics na UC Berkeley, NASA Space Station Science and Appliations Advisory Committee, na Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Ọ bụ onye otu na-arụsi ọrụ ike na kọmitii ndụmọdụ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ na mpaghara ọkụ.

Fernández-Pello nwere ahụmịhe nyocha n'ọtụtụ isiokwu nke ọkụ, mana a maara ya nke ọma maka onyinye ya na isiokwu atọ: Ọkụ na-agbasa n'elu mmanụ siri ike, ọkụ na-ere ọkụ na obere ọkụ.

## Edensibia

## Njikọ ndị ọzọ gasi

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Fernández-Pello
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Akwụkwọ akụkọ Insomnia

Akwụkwọ akụkọ Insomnia(French: Journal d'une insomnie collective) bụ ihe ngosi weebụ nke afọ 2013 banyere ehighị ụra nke ọma, nke Hugues Sweeney mepụtara ma Bruno Choiniere, Philippe Lambert, Thibaut Duverneix na Guillaume Braun mepụtara maka National Film Board of Canada (NFB). Mmepụta ahụ malitere na Eprel 18, 2013, dị ka akụkụ nke Tribeca Film Festival's Storyscapes section for transmedia.

## Ndebanye aha
Ndị ọrụ saịtị ahụ ga-edebanye aha n'ịntanetị maka nhọpụta, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ha na-enweta oku ekwentị na-agwa ha na e zigara ha njikọ iji banye na saịtị ahụ. Ozugbo n'ime Akwụkwọ akụkọ Insomnia, ndị ọrụ nwere ike ịgbaso *akụkọ* nke otu n'ime ndị isi anọ na-ekerịta ahụmịhe nke ha na enweghị ụra yana ịnweta ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ onyinye 2000 sitere na ndị ọzọ na-enweghị ụra nke a chịkọtara kemgbe ọdịda nke afọ 2012.

## Mmepụta
Ọ bụ Sweeney, onye bụ onye isi nke NFB's Studio dijitalụ nke asụsụ French, chepụtara echiche maka saịtị ahụ, mgbe ọ ghọrọ nna na nke mbụ ya n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2009. Sweeney na nwunye ya na-anọkarị n'abalị n'ihi usoro ụra na-adịghị mma nke nwa ya nwanyị ma hụ onwe ya na-eche banyere ndị ọzọ niile nwere ike ịnọ n'oge a, na mmetụta nke enweghị ụra na ndụ ha. Dị ka otu n'ime ebe ndị isi nke NFB French Program na-adọrọ mmasị bụ ọrụ metụtara ahụike uche, Sweeney malitere iche n'echiche ihe webdoc na ehighị ụra nwere ike ịdị. NFB na ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta weebụ nke dị na Montreal bụ Akufen rụkọtara ọrụ iji mepụta A Journal of Insomnia.

## Ntinye
A kwadoro Akwụkwọ akụkọ Insomnia dị ka ntinye maka asọmpi Storyscapes nke mbụ nke Tribeca Film Festival. Ntọala ahụ nwere "a black confessional cube" nke na-adabere na ndagwurugwu n'ime ụlọ gbara ọchịchịrị. Ndị nleta na-abanye site n'ọnụ ụzọ dị nro, wee nọdụ ala n'ihu ihuenyo nke olu nwanyị na-enweghị ahụ na-ajụ ajụjụ dịka: "N'ehihie, ị na-echegbu onwe gị maka abalị na-abịanụ?" na "Gịnị na-egbochi gị ihi ụra?".

## Ntụaka
Usoro Stanford

**Usoro Stanford** bụ ngwakọta nke ịwa ahụ a na-eme iji gwọọ apnea ụra.  Nkwekọrịta ahụ gụnyere usoro abụọ, nke mbụ gụnyere UPPP na otu ma ọ bụ karịa nke Genioglossus Ọganihu ma ọ bụ Hyoid Nkwusioru.  Nzọụkwụ nke ụwa na ngwa mma Abụọ nke Ọrụ ahụ gụnyere ọganihu maxillomandibular.

## Ntụaka

*
Otu klima Action na Malaysia

**Klima Action Malaysia** (**KAMY**) bụ otu ndị na-ahụ maka ihu igwe na Malaysia nke otu ndị okorobịa malitere iji nye ụmụ nwanyị, ndị okorobịa na obodo ndị achụpụrụ achụpụ ike. Ehiwere ha na 2019 ma bụrụ otu n'ime naanị ndị na-ahụ maka ihu igwe na Malaysia.

## Ebumnuche
Ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe na-achọ iwu ihu igwe dabere na udo, ikpe ziri ezi na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na-agba ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ume ka ha kwado ihe gbasara ihu igwe. Ha etinyela aka na atụmatụ ndị gụnyere nkwado ọtụtụ asụsụ, ngagharị iwe ihu igwe, ụlọ ọrụ na-ewu ikike na mmata obodo kemgbe Eprel 2019 na mgbalị iji nye obodo ike ma ruo ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu.

## Ihe omume dị iche iche
Klima Action Malaysia haziri MY Climate Strike na 21 Septemba 2019 dịka akụkụ nke ihe gbasara nfanye aka na ụkwụ nke ihe gbasara ọha  nke emere n'ụwa niile n'otu ọnwa maka otu izu. KAMY nwere nkwado nke Greenpeace Malaysia na  ntohapu nke ndi obodo gburugburuMalaysia iji hazie ngagharị iwe a nke ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị Malaysia 1000 na ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi 50 na ndị na'akwado ya kwadoro site na Sogo gaa Dataran Merdeka. Ọgbaghara ahụ malitere site n'okwu sitere n'aka ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe ama ama. Ngagharị iwe ahụ ji ọnwụ mechie, ihe nnọchianya nke ndị na-ahụ maka ihu igwe na-anwụ maka ụwa ebe onye ọ bụla dara n'ala.

Dịka akụkụ nke ọrụ #MISIBANTUA, Klima Action Malaysia emeela ihe iji zipụ enyemaka na enyemaka ozugbo na obodo ndị dị na Malaysia n'oge usoro nchịkwa mmegharị site na mmekorita ya na ọtụtụ NGO dịka Shaq Koyok, Gerimis Project, KUASA na Diri Bumi Ecological. Ha ezipụla enyemaka na ngụkọta nke ezinụlọ 1548, nke ruru mmadụ 6,192.

KAMY esorola  Diribumi bu onye na ahụ maka   Global Youth Biodiversity Network (GYBN) na International Day for Biological Diversity na 22 Mee 2020. Ọrụ a na-edekọ ma na-egosi usoro vidiyo nke ọrụ permaculture nke ndị ntorobịa na-eduzi n'oge ọrịa na-efe efe nke afọ 2020. A tọhapụrụ ya na United Nations Decade na Biodiversity IG.

## Edensibia
Itamar Ọgwụ

**Itamar** Medical bụ ụlọ ọrụ mba dị iche iche lekwasịrị anya na mmepe, mmepụta na ire ahịa nke ngwaọrụ ahụike metụtara nsogbu ụra iku ume. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwere isi ụlọ ọrụ na Sesaria, Israel ma bụrụ nke ZOLL Ụlọ ọrụ ahụike. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụ ụlọ ọrụ ngwaọrụ ahụike na-enye nlekọta na-aga n'ihu na mpaghara nsogbu ụra dabere na ngwaọrụ na ụdị nke dị ka ndị mmadụ n'ihe ndị mere n'oge nyocha WatchPAT na nchọpụta mmalite nke Atherosclerosis.

## Nchịkọta ụlọ ọrụ
E hiwere Itamar Medical na 1997 dị ka onye mmepe nke ngwaọrụ maka ịtụle nkwarụ vascular. Ngwaahịa mbụ ya gụnyere teknụzụ maka nchọpụta mbụ nke ọrịa obi (EndoPAT) na nchọpụta nke nsogbu ụra (WatchPAT).
A na-akpọ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ aha Itamar Yaron (otu n'ime ụmụnne ndị guzobere ya), onye e gburu na Yom Kippur War mgbe ọ na-anwa ịzọpụta onye agha merụrụ ahụ ma mesịa nye ya Ihe nrite nke obi ike. Isi ụlọ ọrụ Itamar dị na Sesaria ndị na eme ka ndị mmadụ n'ihe, Israel ma nwee ọfịs na US, Japan na Netherlands.

N'afọ 2007, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ pụtara n'ihu ọha na Tel Aviv Stock Exchange na Nasdaq. N'afọ 2011, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ mere nzọụkwụ mbụ ya n'ahịa India.
N'afọ 2012, ụlọ ọrụ WatchPAT malitere ikesa na Russia site na Medical Diagnostic Methods.

N'afọ 2020, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwetara nde $ 40 na NASDAQ wee merie ihe nrite SleepTech maka afọ 2020.

N'afọ 2021, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwetara ụlọ ọrụ ahụ site na ZOLL Ụlọ ọrụ ahụike ma wepụ ngwaahịa ya.

### Ngwaọrụ ụlọ ọrụ

* WatchPAT (Nkwado FDA)
* EndoPAT (Nkwado FDA)
* Mmiri iku ume

## Ntụaka
Ọrịa ụra nke Kalachi, Kazakhstan

**Ọrịa ụra nke** **Kalachi**, **[[Kazakhstan]]** (nke nwere ebe ma ọ bụ ọrịa a na-akpọ mgbe ụfọdụ **oghere** ụra) bụ ọnọdụ ahụike a na-eche na ọ na-eme ka mmadụ na-ehi ụra ọtụtụ ụbọchị ma ọ bụ izu n'otu oge, yana mgbaàmà ndị na eme ka anyị si nọrọ na nche megide dị ka ndị mmadụ n'ihe ndị mmadụ ọzọ dị ka nrọ, agbọ onunu, omume ịṅụbiga mmanya ókè, mgbagwoju anya na ncheta. A kọrọ ihe omume ahụ naanị na Kalachi na obodo Krasnogorsk dị nso. A kọrọ ya na mbụ na Machị 2013 ma ka ọ na-erule afọ 2016 emetụtala ihe dị ka mmadụ 150. Ọrịa ahụ yiri ka ọ naghị emetụta ngwaahịa ọrụ nkụzi afọ okuku ebute ọrịa. Ọrịa ahụ lara n'iyi ruo oge ụfọdụ mana ọ pụtara ọzọ na 2015, ma metụta ndị ọgbọ niile.

A tụrụ aro na ihe nwere ike ibute ọrịa a bụ nsị carbon monoxide ma ọ bụ mmetọ nke mmiri dị n'okpuru ala site na kemịkal eji eme ihe maka ọrụ agha na mpaghara ahụ.

## Ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà
Ewezuga ụra gabigara ókè, ọrịa ahụ na-akpata nrọ efu, agbọ onunu na ịgbọ agbọ, na mgbagwoju anya. Ndị ọrịa ahụ na-arịa ọrịa ahụ site n'ime ka anyị si mee ka ndị ọzọ ga-eme mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka a ga-asị na ha ṅụbigara mmanya ókè, ga-echefu ihe ha mere ma nwee ahụmịhe, ha ga-enwekarị nrọ dị ka "nri na-agagharị n'ihu ha". [ntụgharị dị mkpa] Na nkwupụta, prọfesọ si na Mahadum Tomsk Polytechnic, Leonid Rikhvanov, nke ngalaba nke geo-ecology na geo-chemistry, kwuru na radon gas sitere na ebe a na-egwupụta ihe nwere ike ịbụ  kpatara mgbaàmà ahụ.

Ndị ahụ nwere nsogbu ga-ehi ụra n'oge ihe omume kwa ụbọchị ma na-ehi ezigbo ụra mgbe niile. Dị ka onye nọọsụ nọ n'ógbè ahụ kọwaara ndị ọrụ akụkọ RT ihe omume ahụ, "Ị kpọtere ha, ha nwere ike ịgwa gị okwu banyere ọgwụgwụ oge oké, zaghachi gị, mana ozugbo ị kwụsịrị ikwu okwu ma jụọ ihe na-enye ha nsogbu, ha chọrọ ihi ụra, ihi ụra, ụra. "

## Ihe kpatara ya
Ndị ọrụ Kazakh nyere akụkọ banyere ọrịa ahụ, na-ekwu na ọkwa dị elu nke carbon monoxide, yana hydrocarbons ndị ọzọ n'ihi idei mmiri nke ebe a na-egwupụta uranium n'oge Soviet, na-akpata ọrịa ahụ, site na ịgbasa n'ime ikuku obodo ahụ. E kwubiri ndị mmadụ n'ihe ndị na eme ka anyị na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke carbon monoxide na mbelata oxygen n'ime ikuku bụ ihe kpatara ọrịa ụra n'ime obodo ndị a.

Otu onye na-ahụ maka ọrịa na-efe efe na ndị ọkachamara kwuru nke dị ka ndị mmadụ n'ihe dị ka si na Mahadum Nazarbayev dị na Astana, Kazakhstan, gosipụtara echiche ọzọ mgbe ha gbara ndị obodo ahụ ajụjụ ọnụ, na-atụ aro na ọrịa ahụ sitere na mmetọ kemịkal nke mmiri dị n'okpuru ala. A tụrụ aro na kemịkal ndị dị otú ahụ sitere n'iji ndị agha eme ihe ma na-agbapụta site na barrels, mana ọ dịghị kemịkal a kọrọ na a chọpụtara - a tụrụ aro na nke a bụ echiche kwesịrị nyocha ọzọ, dabere na epidemiology karịa nyocha kemịkal.

## Ntụaka
Ọnụ ọgụgụ ihi ụra nke Epworth

Ọnụ ọgụgụ ihi ụra nke Epworth bụ ihe atụ e mere iji tụọ ụra ehihie nke a na-atụle site na iji ajụjụ dị mkpirikpi.  Nke a nwere ike inye aka n'ịchọpụta nsogbu ụra. Ọ bụ Dr Murray Johns nke Epworth Hospital dị na Melbourne, Australia webatara ya na 1991.

## Ajụjụ
Ajụjụ ahụ na-arịọ onye ahụ ka ọ tụọ ohere ya nke ihi ụra n'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ nke ohere na-arịwanye elu site na 0 ruo 3 maka ọnọdụ asatọ dị iche iche nke ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ na-etinye maka nsogbụ ụra akpa dị ka onye aka na ndụ ha kwa ụbọchị, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị kwa ụbọchị. A na-agbakwunye akara maka ajụjụ asatọ ahụ ọnụ iji nweta otu nọmba. A na-ewere ọnụọgụ dị na 0-9 dị ka ihe dị mma ebe ọnụọgụ nọ na 10-24 na-egosi na a ga-achọ na i ndụmọdụ ahụike ọkachamara. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-egosi akara nke 11-15 iji gosipụta ohere nke apnea ụra dị nro ma ọ bụ nke dị nro, ebe akara nke 16 na karịa na-egosi ohere nke apnée ụra siri ike ma ọ bụ narcolepsy. Ajụjụ ụfọdụ dị na ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ gosipụtara na ha bụ ihe na-ebu amụma nzuzo okwu bụ ọgwụ mgbochi ịba ọgaranya n'ezi ndị nke nsogbu ụra ụfọdụ, ọ bụ ezie na enwere ike ịchọ nyocha ndị ọzọ iji nye nchọpụta ziri ezi.

E mepụtara ajụjụ ahụ na mbụ na ebumnuche iji chekwaa kpọmkwem okwu nke ajụjụ ahụ iji nye ule a kapịrị ọnụ na iji chekwaga ịdị irè ya; onye dere ESS na-atụ aro ka onye nchịkwa nke ajụjụ ahụ ghara ịga na ụdị nke ụwa na etolite ikwurịta nsonaazụ nke ESS na isiokwu ahụ ruo mgbe ọ gwụchara, n'ihi na nke a nwere ike imetụta nzaghachi nke isiokwu ahụ na ajụjụ ahụ.

Enwere onye na-agbakọ ọnụ na-arụkọ ọrụ nke na-eji mbipụta 1997 nke ESS. Ọ na-enye akara na-akpaghị aka dabere naanị na nzaghachi na nzaghachi nye ajụjụ ESS: ESS interactive calculator.

## Nhazi nhazi
A kwadoro Ọnụ ọgụgụ ihi ụra nke Epworth karịsịa na mgbochi ụraapnea, ọ bụ ezie na ọ gosikwara ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịchọpụta narcolepsy na idiopathic hypersomnia. A na-eji ya atụle ụra ehihie gabigara ókè ma na-ekwughachi ya mgbe nlekọta ọgwụgwọ gasịrị (dịka, CPAP) iji dekọọ mmezi nke mgbaàmà. Na narcolepsy, Ọnụ ọgụgụ ihi ụra nke Epworth nwere ma oke (100%) na mmetụta (93.5%).

A na-eziga Ọnụ ọgụgụ ihi ụra nke Epworth iji tụnyere mmetụta na nkọwa nke ihe ndị ọzọ yiri ya nke ogo ụra. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index bụ ngwá ọrụ na-emetụta ogo ụra. Akara abụọ ahụ nwere ike imegharị n'ime.

## Ihe odide
Mgbanwe ụra

**Mgbanwe ụra** ma ọ bụ mgbagwoju na ụdị nke ụwa họrọ site n'ime ụmụ gị anya ụra bụ mgbanwe nke omume ihi ụra. Ndị na-enwe ụra-mbilite n'anya na-agbanwere omume ehihie maka omume abalị, nke pụtara na ha na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'abalị ma na-ehi ụra n'ehihie. Mgbanwe n'ụra, mgbe ọ na-enweghị isi, nwere ike ịbụ ihe ịrịba ama nke nnukwu nsogbu.

## Nkwupụta
Ndị na-arịa ụdị ụra na-egbu oge nke nsogbu ahụ na-egosipụtakarị oge ụra na enweghị ike ịgbanwe oge ụra ha mgbe niile. Ha na-egosipụtakarị ụra n'oge ha chọrọ. Oge ochie nakwa n'oge kwesịrị dị ụra ha n'ezie dị mma. Ozugbo ha na-ehi ụra, ha na-anọ na-ebili ruo oge kwesịrị dị n'al ekwesị, ọ bụ ezie na oge nke na-amalite ma na-akwụsị n'oge na-adịghị mma.

## Ihe Ndị Na-akpata ya
Mgbanwe ụra nwere ike ịbụ mgbaàmà nke ọkwa ammonia dị elu n'ọbara ma na-abụkarị mgbaàmà mbụ nke ọrịa imeju. Mgbanwe ụra bụ ihe na-egosi trypanosomiasis nke Afrịka, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọrịa ahụ na-ewere aha ya, "ọrịa ụra nke Afrịka na ụdị nke ụwa họrọ"; nsogbu ụra-mbilite n'ọnwụ bụ ihe na'ahụkarị na ọrịa ahụ eruola ebe ọrịa ahụ gbasara n'ime usoro akwara etiti.

## Hụkwa

* Jet lag
* Nsogbu ihi ụra na-arụ ọrụ
* Ụda circadian
* Nsogbu ụra na-egbu oge
* Encephalitis na-adịghị ike
* Egwu Egwu

## Ntụaka


## Njikọ mpụga

* American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th mbipụta, ederede e dezigharịrị. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* Buysse, Daniel J., Charles M. Morin, na Charles F. Reynolds nke Atọ. *Nsogbu ihi ụra*. Na Treatments of Psychiatric Disorders, nke Glen O. Gabbard dezigharịrị. mbipụta nke abụọ. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* Hobson, J. Allan, na Rosalia Silvestri. "Ụra na nsogbu ya. Na The Harvard Guide to Psychiatry, nke Armand M. Nicholi, Jr., M.D. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press nke Harvard University Press, dezigharịrị, 1999.
* Thorpy, Michael J., M.D., na Jan Yager, Ph.D.*The Encyclopedia of Sleep and Sleep Disorders*. mbipụta nke abụọ. New York: Facts on File, 2001.
* American Sleep Disorders Association 6301 Bandel Road NW, Suite 101, Rochester, MN 55901.
* http://www.minddisorders.com/Br-Del/Circadian-rhythm-sleep-disorder.html#ixzz3tkBVLE9P
Ịnọ ume n'ụzọ dị nro

thumb|Ihe osise 6: Ịṅụ obere ume site na iji uru ahụ ọgịrịga
iku ume dị ala, iku ume obi, **iku ume** n'akụkụ ma ọ bụ iku ume n"obi bụ ịdọrọ obere iku ume nʼime akpa ume, na-emekarị ndị na ụdị nke ụwa site n'ịdọrọ ikuku n'ime obi site na iji uru ahụ intercostal kama n'ime akpa ume niile site na diaphragm. iku ume dị ala nwere ike ịkpata ma ọ bụ bụrụ ihe mgbaàmà nke iku ume ngwa ngwa na hypoventilation. Ọtụtụ ndị na-eku ume na-adịghị omimi nke ụwa họrọ site na ndi isi na-eme ya n'ụbọchị niile ma ha anaghị ama mgbe niile ọnọdụ ahụ.
thumb|Ihe ngosi nke iku ume n'olu.
Na iku ume lobar elu, iku ume clavicular, ma ọ bụ iku ume clabicle, ikuku na-adọta n'ime obi site n'ibuli ubu na collarbone ndị na eme ka (clavicles), na nkwonkwo afọ n'otu oge n'oge **iku ume**. Enwere ike ịdọrọ ikuku kachasị n'ụzọ a naanị maka oge dị mkpirikpi, ebe ọ bụ na ọ chọrọ mgbalị siri ike.

## Ọnọdụ
Ọtụtụ ọnọdụ na-egosi, ma ọ bụ na-egosi mgbaàmà nke, iku ume na-adịghị omimi. Ọnọdụ ndị a na-ahụkarị gụnyere: nsogbu nchegbu dị iche iche, ụkwara ume ọkụ, hyperventilation, oyi bara ya n'ahụ, ọzịza nke akpa ume, na nkụda mmụọ. Nchegbu, nrụgide, na egwu na-esokarị iku ume na-adịghị omimi.

Ịkpọ ume na-adịghị omimi, nke a makwaara dị ka hypopnea, nwere ike ịkpata hypoventilation, nke bụ ọnọdụ siri ike ma ọ bụrụ na a leghaara ya anya ma ọ bụ na a chọpụtabeghị ya nke ọma. A na-emekarị ya dị ka "nsogbu ụra" na-enweghị ozi nchọpụta zuru oke. [citation needed] Mgbaàmà siri ike na-ebilite ndị mmadụ n'ihe dị ka ndị na eme na ohiri ndị mmadụ n'oge ụra, mgbe uru ahụ intercostal anaghị arụ ọrụ iku ume. N'oge ụra, iku ume na-esite na diaphragm, nke na-emekarị ka ndị nwere NMDs ghara ịdị mma.

Enwere ihe di iche ike inye ndị lanarịrị ọrịa polio na ndị ọzọ nwere NMD tracheostomy (oghere ịwa ahụ maka iku ume n'olu). [citation needed]

## Hụkwa

* iku ume diaphragmatic
* Nkọwa iku ume na-adịghị omimi
* Oghere obi

## Ntụaka

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ntuziaka maka nyocha na nlekọta nke ọrịa neuromuscular. Philadelphia, PA: Hanley & Belfus.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Hypercapnia siri ike mgbe ọgwụgwọ oxygen dị ala na ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa neuromuscular na dysfunction diaphragmatic. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 70 (4), 327-330.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Postpolio" sequelae na nsogbu iku ume metụtara ụra. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 73, 216-224.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ọrịa na-emetụta ikuku na-abaghị uru. Clinics in Chest Medicine, 19 (l),139-155.
Scott and White Sleep Center

Scott and White Sleep Center bụ ebe nyocha nke oge a gbasara nsogbu ụra na Temple, Texas. Ọrụ ụlọ nyocha ya na-elekwasị ndị na anya na polysomnography. Ọ nwere ikike site na American Academy of Sleep Medicine.

## Isi mmalite

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Scott & White Sleep Disorders Center
* Scott & White Memorial Hospital
* Infographic zuru oke nke ụra
Ọdụ ugbọelu nke akpọrọ Goodnews Airport

Goodnews Airport (: GNU,  : ) bụ ọdụ ụgbọ elu ọha na eze nke dị na Goodnews Bay na Betel Census Area nke steeti Alaska dị na United States.
thumb|Ọdụ ugbọelu nke akpọrọ Goodnews Airport
Dịka ndekọ Federal Aviation Administration si kwuo, ọdụ ụgbọ elu a nwere ndị njem azụmahịa nke rụrụ Otú nde, puku narị ise iri atọ na abụọ.  (enplanements) n'afọ kalenda 2008, mbelata nke 2.2% site na  Otú nde, puku narị ise, iri isii na asaa  n'afọ 2007. A na-etinye ọdụ ụgbọ elu Goodnews na atụmatụ mba FAA nke Integrated Airport Systems (2009-2013), nke na-ekewa ya dịka ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ elu n'ozuzu.

## Ihe owuwu na ụgbọelu
Ọdụ ụgbọ elu Goodnews nwere otu ụzọ ụgbọ elu a kpọrọ 5/23 nke nwere ala gravelu  nke na-atụle otú nde, narị asotọ, Iri atọ na ise, site na  ndanye iri asatọ (864 x 24 m). N'ime ọnwa iri na abụọ nke gwụchara na n'abalị iri atọ na otu nke Julaị,  n'afọ 2006, ọdụ ụgbọ elu ahụ nwere ọrụ ụgbọ elu puku atọ na narị iri abụọ nkezi nke otu narị, Ịrị isii na isii kwa ọnwa: 62.5% ụgbọ elu na 37.5% ụgbọelu. National Geodetic Survey enyochaala ọdụ ụgbọ elu a.

## Ụgbọelu na ebe ndị a na-aga
Ụzọ ụgbọelu  na ebe aga eru. 

Yute, Bethel 

Commuter, platinum

Service.

## Edensibịa


## Njikọ mpụga

* Ihe osise ọdụ ụgbọ elu Alaska FAA (GIF)
* Airport information for GNU at AirNav
* Accident history for GNU at Aviation Safety Network
* Aeronautical chart and airport information for GNU at SkyVector
Onye nkuzi ụra nke ụlọ ọgwụ

Onye nkuzi ụraasambodo e guzobere site na Board nke edebanyere aha Polysomnographic Technologists (BRPT) na 2012. Ọrụ nke CSE, bụ ịgwa ndị ọrịa, ezinụlọ, na obodo kwurịta okwu iji kụziere ndị mmadụ banyere nsogbu ụra, ịdị ọcha ụra dị mma, ụzọ isi melite ọgwụgwọ, ụzọ iji melite ma nyochaa nrubeisi na ọgwụgwọ a tụrụ aro, ma n'ozuzu na-enyere ndị ọrịa aka iwepụ ihe mgbochi nlekọta iji bulie ogo ndụ ha. A gaghị ejikọta mmemme a na mmemme ọzọ nke BRPT ga-amalite na 2014, Clinical Sleep Health Examination.

Iji ruo eruo ịghọ CSE, BRPT na-ekwu, "Ndị nwere ikikere na / ma ọ bụ ndị ọrụ ahụike ruru eru inweta [CSE] . ., gụnyere ndị nọọsụ, ndị na-ahụ maka ụra, ndị na'ahụ maka nlekọta iku ume nke ụwa họrọ site n'ime ụmụ ndị ikom, ndị ọkà n'akparamàgwà mmadụ, ndị ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, ndị dọkịta, ndị na ndị na-enyere ndị dọkụ aka na ndị nkuzi ahụike. " Nzọụkwụ abụọ iji bụrụ CSE bụ maka onye na-achọ ịbata ka ọ gaa na klas ọzụzụ CSE ma gafee ule mgbe ọ gụsịrị klas ahụ.

## Ntụaka


## Ebe ndị ọzọ e si nweta ya