Ernest J. Gaines

**Ernest James Gaines** (January 15, 1933 - Nọvemba 5, 2019) bụ onye odee America onye akuziri ọrụ ya na klaasị kọleji wee tụgharịa n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, gụnyere French, Spanish, German, Russian na Chinese. Emere anọ n'ime ọrụ ya ka ọ bụrụ ihe nkiri telivishọn. 

Akwụkwọ akụkọ 1993 ya, *nkuzi tupu anwụ anwụ*, meriri National Book Critics Circle Award maka akụkọ ifo. Gaines bụ onye otu MacArthur Foundation, e nyere ya National Humanities Medal, ma webata ya na French *Ordre des Arts et des Lettres* (Order of Arts and Letters) dị ka Chevalier.

## Akụkọ ndụ
Gaines so n'ọgbọ nke ise nke ezinụlọ ya na-ekekọrịta ihe ka amụrụ na Osimiri Riverlake na Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana . Nke ahụ ghọrọ ntọala na ntọala maka ọtụtụ ọrụ ya mechara. Ọ bụ ọkpara n'ime ụmụaka iri na abụọ, nke nwanne mama ya zụlitere, bụ́ onye nwere nkwarụ ma na-akpụ akpụ iji na-agagharị n'ụlọ. Ọ bụ ezie na a mụrụ ọgbọ mgbe njedebe nke ịgba ohu gasịrị, Gaines tolitere dara ogbenye, na-ebi n'ebe ochie ohu na ubi. 

Afọ mbụ Gaines nke ụlọ akwụkwọ weere ọnọdụ na chọọchị ihe ọkụkụ. Mgbe ụmụntakịrị anaghị aghọrọ owu n'ubi, onye nkuzi ọbịa bịara ọnwa ise ruo ọnwa isii n'afọ iji nye agụmakwụkwọ bụ isi. Gaines wee nọrọ afọ atọ na St. Augustine School, ụlọ akwụkwọ Katọlik maka ndị Africa America na New Roads, Louisiana . Agụ akwụkwọ maka ụmụaka ndị America America agakwaghị n'ihu na klas nke asatọ n'oge a na Pointe Coupee Parish. 

Mgbe ọ dị afọ 15, Gaines kwagara Vallejo, California, iji sonyere nne ya na nna nna ya, bụ ndị hapụrụ Louisiana n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ . O dere akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya na 17 mgbe ọ na-elekọta nwa nwanne ya nwoke nke ọdụdụ Michael. Dị ka otu akụkọ si kwuo, o ji akwụkwọ na-acha aja aja kechie ya, were eriri kechie ya, ziga ya onye nkwusa New York, bụ́ onye jụrụ ya. Gaines gbara ihe odide ahụ ọkụ, ma emesịa degharịa ya ka ọ bụrụ akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya bipụtara, *Catherine Carmier* .

**Ihe nkiri**

* *The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman*, CBS Television (1974) - Directors Guild of America Award, asatọ Emmy Awards, họpụtara maka a BAFTA award 
* *[[The Sky Is Gray|The Sky Is Grey]]*, American Short Story Series, PBS (1980)
* *Mkpọkọta ndị ochie*, CBS Television (1987)
* *Ihe Ọmụmụ Tupu Ịnwụ*, HBO (1999); onye meriri, Emmy Award maka ihe onyonyo a ma ama emere maka ihe onyonyo onyonyo

## Ihe nrite
elekọta nwa nwanne ya nwoke nke ọdụdụ Michael. Dị ka otu akụkọ si kwuo, o ji akwụkwọ na-acha aja aja kechie ya, were eriri kechie ya, ziga ya onye nkwusa New York, bụ́ onye jụrụ ya. Gaines gbara ihe

* Nrite mba nke nka 2012
* Sidney Lanier Prize maka akwụkwọ ndịda (2012)
* Onyinye ọla edo edo nke America Academy of Achievement (2001) 
* The F. Scott Fitzgerald Award for Achievement in American Literature award nke a na-enye kwa afọ na Rockville, Maryland, obodo ebe a na-eli Fitzgerald, nwunye ya na nwa ya nwanyị dịka akụkụ nke F. Scott Fitzgerald Literary Festival (2001).
* Chevalier (Knight) nke Order of Art and Letters (France) (2000)
* Ụlọ akwụkwọ American Academy of Arts and Letters Department of Literature (2000)
* Ihe onyinye Gọvanọ Arts (2000)
* Onyinye ode akwụkwọ Louisiana (2000)
* Nrite mba mmadụ (2000)
* Ihe nrite Circle Ndị nkatọ Akwụkwọ Mba maka akụkọ ifo (1993)
* John D. na Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Fellow (1993)
* Ihe nrite Dos Passos (1993)
* Dọkịta Sọpụrụ nke Akwụkwọ Ozi Humane (LHD) sitere na Mahadum Whittier (1986) 
* Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation Fellow (1971)
* Enyemaka mba maka nka nka (1967)
* Ndị otu Wallace Stegner (1957)
* Isiokwu nke stampụ USPS Forever 2023 sitere na usoro ihe nketa ojii  

## Ernest J. Gaines Award maka Ọkachamara Akwụkwọ
Akwụkwọ nrite nke ndị na-enye onyinye Baton Rouge Area Foundation guzobere na 2007 iji sọpụrụ ihe nketa Gaines ma gbaa ndị ode akwụkwọ akụkọ ifo America na-ebili elu. A na-ahọpụta onye mmeri site n'aka otu ndị ọka ikpe ise bụ ndị ama ama na ụwa ederede. Onye meriri na-enweta ihe nrite US $ 10,000 yana ihe ọkpụkpụ ncheta nke onye omenkà Louisiana bụ Robert Moreland kere. 

## Hụkwa

* ịkpa oke otu n'ime ọgbakọ mmekọrịta mmadụ na California

## Ntụaka

## Isi mmalite

* Akwụkwọ ndekọ nke African American

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ụlọ ọrụ Ernest J. Gaines na Mahadum Louisiana na Lafayette
* Ngwa nkuzi maka ọrụ nke Ernest J. Gaines
* Ihe nlele nke ederede Gaines Archived  
* Ajụjụ ọnụ Gaines
* Akụkọ gbasara Gaines: "Ịga n'ụlọ"
* Ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Gaines: "Ịga n'ụlọ: transcript"
* Ernest J. Gaines Award
* Kelly, Evelyn E., Ph.D., "'Kpee ekpere ma ọ bụrụ na Ị Chọrọ:' Ntụleghachi nke okpukpe na akụkọ ifo nke Ernest J. Gaines" (2010)
* Isi mmalite okwu
* Ajụjụ ọnụ Ernest Gaines maka OxMag
* Ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Ernest J. Gaines, na *Religion & Ethics Newsweekly*, February 18, 2011
* Christ Walked Down Market Street JSTOR Archive nke mgbụsị akwụkwọ 2004 Calloo Magazine V28, Mahadum Johns Hopkins