Chris Ofili

thumb| ''Red Bird'' - watercolor na akwụkwọ
**Christopher Ofili**, CBE (amụrụ 10 Ọktoba 1968) bụ onye na-ese ihe na Britain bụ onye ama ama maka eserese ya gụnyere nsị elephant. Ọ bụ onye mmeri Turner na otu n'ime ndị na-eto eto Britain . Kemgbe 2005, Ofili na-ebi ma na-arụ ọrụ na Trinidad na Tobago, ebe ọ bi ugbu a n'obodo Port of Spain . O birikwa ma rụọ ọrụ na London na Brooklyn . 

Ofili ejirila resin, beads, agba mmanụ, ihe na-egbuke egbuke, mkpọ nsị elephant na mpụ na magazin ndị gba ọtọ dị ka ihe eserese. E kewawo ọrụ ya dị ka nka nka .

## Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Ofili na Manchester, England, nye nne na nna May na Michael Ofili sitere na agbụrụ Naijiria.  Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na otu, nna ya hapụrụ ezinụlọ ya laghachi Nigeria .  Ofili gụrụ akwụkwọ ruo afọ ụfọdụ na St. Pius X High School maka ụmụ nwoke, na mgbe ahụ na Xaverian College na Victoria Park, Manchester .  Ofili dechara nkuzi ntọala na nka na kọleji Tameside dị na Ashton-under-Lyne na Greater Manchester  wee mụọ na London, na Chelsea School of Art site na 1988 ruo 1991 yana na Royal College of Art site na 1991 ruo 1993. N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1992, ọ nwetara akwụkwọ mgbanwe otu afọ na Universität der Künste Berlin . 

Ofili gara Trinidad na nke mbụ ya n'afọ 2000, mgbe otu ụlọ ọrụ nka nka nke mba ụwa kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa n'ogbako eserese na Port of Spain.  Ọ kwagara Trinidad na 2005 na-adịgide adịgide. Na 2002, ọ lụrụ Roba El-Essawy, onye bụbu onye na-agụ egwú na- eme njem-hop band Attica Blues .  Ha gbara alụkwaghịm na 2019  . Ọ na-edobe studio na Port of Spain, Trinidad. 

## Ọrụ
Jean-Michel Basquiat, Georg Baselitz, Philip Guston, na George Condo nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n'ọrụ mbụ Ofili.  Peter Doig nọ na-arụ ọrụ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Chelsea College of Arts mgbe Ofili bụ onye na-agụghị akwụkwọ, n'oge na-adịghịkwa anya ha ghọrọ enyi.  Na 2014, onye nkatọ nka Roberta Smith kwuru na Ofili nwere ọtụtụ ihe jikọrọ ya na ndị na-ese ihe dị ka Mickalene Thomas, Kerry James Marshall, Robert Colescott na Ellen Gallagher, na ihe ndị ọzọ dị anya dị ka Bob Thompson, Beauford Delaney na William H. Johnson . 

E hiwere Ofili site na ihe ngosi nke Charles Saatchi na gallery ya dị na ugwu London na ihe ngosi njem *Sensation* (1997), bụrụ onye amara dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe nkiri Britain ole na ole sitere na agbụrụ Africa / Caribbean na-agbasa dị ka onye so na otu ndị na-eto eto British Artists . Ofili enweela ọtụtụ ihe ngosi solo kemgbe mmalite 1990s, gụnyere na Southampton City Art Gallery]. Na 1998, Ofili meriri ihe nrite Turner, na 2003 a họpụtara ya ka ọ nọchite anya Britain na Venice Biennale nke afọ ahụ, bụ ebe a na-arụ ọrụ ya maka British Pavilion na mmekorita ya na onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ David Adjaye .

N'afọ 1992, ọ meriri akwụkwọ mmụta nke nyere ya ohere ịga Zimbabwe . Ofili mụrụ ihe osise ọgba n'ebe ahụ, nke nwere mmetụta ụfọdụ n'ụdị ya.

N'agbata 1995 na 2005, Ofili lekwasịrị anya n'ụdị agba mmiri, nke ọ bụla dịka 9½ na 6½ inch wee mepụta n'otu oche.  Ha na-abụkarị ndị isi ndị nwoke na ndị nwanyị, yana ọmụmụ ụfọdụ gbasara ifuru na nnụnụ.  Eserese Ofili na-ekwukwa banyere ihe nkiri blaxploitation na gangsta rap, na-achọ ajụjụ gbasara agbụrụ na mmekọahụ n'ụzọ na-atọ ọchị. N'usoro ihu nke Ofili kpọrọ *Harems*, nhazi ọ bụla nwere otu nwoke nwere ihe ruru ụmụ nwanyị anọ n'akụkụ nke ọ bụla. 

A na-arụkarị ọrụ Ofili n'ígwé agba, resin, ihe na-egbuke egbuke, nsị (karịsịa elephant) na ihe ndị ọzọ iji mepụta mkpokọta . Ọ bụ ezie na ndị na-akparị Ofili na-ekwukarị na ọ “na-efesa”  nsị elephant na foto ya, nke a ezighi ezi: mgbe ụfọdụ ọ na-etinye ya ozugbo na kwaaji n'ụdị akpụ akpụ akpọnwụ akpọnwụ, na mgbe ụfọdụ, n'otu ụdị ahụ, na-eji ya dị ka. ihe nkwado ụkwụ dị ka varnished nke eserese na-eguzo na ya.

Ofili bụ onye nchoputa na onye na-akpali akpali n'azụ *ọrụ nnwere onwe* dị mkpụmkpụ.  Ihe omume a gụnyere nchikota nke ndị na-ese ihe, ndị na-emepụta ihe na ndị na-egwu egwu nke agbụrụ dị nta (Asia na Africa) na mgbalị ikpughe egwu ndị a na-adịghị anụ na oghere ndị ọzọ. Nnwere onwe mere ka a nụ ihe okike nke ndị nka obere agbụrụ Britain na-edebanyeghị aha. Nsonaazụ nke ọnwa nke njem nlegharị anya na obodo iri na UK mere ka *nnwere onwe Mpịakọta 1* - nchịkọta ọrụ ndị e gosipụtara n'oge njem ahụ.

Mgbe ọ kwagara Trinidad na 2005, Ofili malitere usoro ihe osise na-acha anụnụ anụnụ sitere na *Jab Jab* ma ọ bụ "ndị mmụọ ọjọọ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ" na-ekere òkè na Trinidad na Tobago Carnival, na otu Expressionist nke German na Russian artists, *Der Blaue Reiter .* Ihe osise ndị a na-ejikarị ọla ọcha, acrylic ndabere nke nwere agba mmanụ gbara ọchịchịrị n'elu.   Emechara gosi mbigharị nke ọrụ ndị a na ihe nkiri solo nke Ofili *Chris Ofili: Day na abalị* na New Museum nke New York bụ nke etinyere n'ime ụlọ na-enwu nke ukwuu, na-eme ka ndị na-ekiri ha gbanwee anya ha na ọchịchịrị ka ha hụ ihe osise. 

A họpụtara Ofili Ọchịagha nke Order of the British Empire (CBE) na 2017 New Year Honors maka ọrụ nka.  Ofili etinyere na mbipụta 2019 nke Powerlist, n'ogo 100 ndị Black Britain kacha nwee mmetụta. 
Usòrò:Sensation_Young_British_Artists_from_the_Saatchi_Collection_at_the_Brooklyn_Museum_17.jpg|alt=The Holy Virgin Mary, Saatchi Collection (2017)| *Virgin Mary di nsọ*, Nchịkọta Saatchi (2017)
Usòrò:Union_Black_at_Tate_Britain,_2010_close-up.jpg| *Union Black*, Tate Britain (2010)
Usòrò:Olympic_Poster,_For_the_Unknown_Runner_by_Chris_Ofili_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3110046.jpg|alt=For the Unknown Runner, 2012 Olympics| *Maka onye na-agba ọsọ amaghi ama*,Olimpik 2012


## Ihe ngosi
E gosipụtara ọrụ Ofili n'ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na ihe ngosi 1995 *Brilliant!* *Ọhụrụ Art si London* na Walker Art Center .  Ihe ngosi solo dị ịrịba ama gụnyere Arts Club of Chicago (2010), Kestnergesellschaft, Hanover (2006), Studio Museum na Harlem, New York (2005), na Southampton City Art Gallery (1998). Na 2010, Tate Britain gosipụtara ihe ngosi kachasị ukwuu nke ọrụ ya ruo taa.   N'afọ 2014, New Museum dị na New York gosipụtara ihe ngosi mbụ bụ isi solo nke ọrụ Ofili na US akpọrọ *Chris Ofili: Abali na ehihie* . 

## Esemokwu

### ''Virgin Mary di nsọ''
Otu n'ime ihe osise ya, *The Holy Virgin Mary*, ihe ngosi nke Virgin Mary, nọ na ikpe n'etiti onyeisi obodo New York City, Rudy Giuliani, na Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Brooklyn mgbe e gosipụtara ya n'ebe ahụ na 1999 dị ka akụkụ. nke ihe ngosi  . Ihe osise a gosiri Black Madonna nke ihe onyonyo sitere na ihe nkiri na-eme ihe ike na nso nso a na-ebipụ na magazin ndị gba ọtọ, na nsị elephant gbara ya gburugburu.  E mere ihe ndị a ka ha bụrụ ụdị ndị na-echetara ndị cherọb na seraphim ndị a na-egosipụtakarị n’ihe oyiyi nke Echiche Adịghị Mma na Echiche Meri . N'ịgbaso asịrị nke gbara eserese a, Bernard Goldberg họọrọ Ofili Nke 86 na *100 People Who Are Screwing Up America* . Red Grooms gosipụtara nkwado ya nke onye na-ese ihe site n'ịzụta otu n'ime ihe osise Ofili na 1999, ọbụlagodi mgbe Giuliani kwuchara nke ọma, "Ọ dịghị ihe ọ bụla na Ndezigharị Mbụ nke na-akwado ọrụ jọgburu onwe ya na ihe arụ!"  Ihe osise a bụ David Walsh ma gosipụta ya na Museum of Old and New Art na Hobart, Tasmania .  Steven A. Cohen nweziri ya ruo afọ atọ wee nye ihe osise a na Museum of Modern Art . 

### ''Ụlọ elu'' na Ụlọ ihe nkiri Tate
*Ụlọ elu ahụ* bụ ihe osise 13 nke enwe macaque rhesus nke Ofili na-arụ n'ime ụlọ a haziri ahazi. Tate Gallery zụtara ya n'afọ 2005 wee kpatara esemokwu dịka Ofili nọ na bọọdụ nke Tate Trustees n'oge ịzụrụ ya.  Na 2006 Charity Commission katọrọ Tate maka ịzụrụ ihe a.

## Ahịa nka
Ya *Orgena*, ihe osise na-egbuke egbuke nke nwanyị ojii nke onye na-ese ihe kere maka ihe ngosi nke Turner na-emeri na Tate na 1998 ka rere ya nye onye nchịkọta America maka ndekọ GBP 1.8 nde, karịa GBP 1 nde elu atụmatụ, na Christie's London. n'afọ 2010.  N'afọ 2015, onye na-anakọta ihe osise David Walsh rere *The Holy Virgin Mary* dị ụkwụ asatọ nke Ofili maka nde pound abụọ na narị itoolu na Christie's . 

## Na-arụ ọrụ

## Hụkwa

* odo India, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ihe mkpofu anụmanụ na nka

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Caroline Deeds na Kate Vogel "Onye na-ese ihe Chris Ofili: gafere anya mmiri", *The Guardian*, 3 February 2010. Ihe nkiri Tate Media gbasara ihe ngosi Chris Ofili nke 2010 na Tate Modern yana ka ịkwaga Trinidad siri tọhapụ ọrụ ya.
* Chris Ofili  
* Chris Ofili ibe, David Zwirner.
* Victoria Miro Gallery: Chris Ofili
* "Turner Prize 1998 artists: Chris Ofili", Tate.
* "Profaịlụ Chris Ofili", BBC, 1 Disemba 1998
* Nchekwa nke Tate ''The Upper Room'' ịzụrụ.
* Mark Hudson, "Chris Ofili: 'M na-awagharị n'ime ọhịa - ebe ọ na-atụ egwu'" *The Telegraph*, 25 Jenụwarị 2010.
* ''Chris Ofili'', Rizzoli International, Fall 2009. Ndị nyere aka gụnyere David Adjaye, Thelma Golden, Okwui Enwezor, Peter Doig na Kara Walker .
* "Ujo na egwu: Nkà nke Chris Ofili" ; njirimara nke Michael Glover, wee wepụta na "Ekow Eshun gbara ajụjụ ọnụ Chris Ofili", nke Helen Little deziri na *Chris Ofili* (Tate Publishing, 2010), *The Independent*, 22 Jenụarị 2010.
* ''Chris Ofili'' . Ndị Massimiliano Gioni, Gary Carrion-Murayari na Margot Norton deziri. Skira Rizzoli, 2014. ISBN&nbsp;

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations