open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Kalinago

**Asụsụ Kalinago**, nke a makwaara dị ka Island Carib na **Igneri** (Iñeri, Inyeri, wdg), bụ Asụsụ Arawak nke Kalinago nke Lesser Antilles na Caribbean na-asụ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme. Kalinago n'onwe ya ghọrọ ihe na-adịghịzi adị n'ihe dị ka afọ 1920 n'ihi mbelata nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na nchụpụ nke oge ọchịchị na-akpata ọnwụ asụsụ, mana otu alaka dị ka Garifuna, karịsịa na Central America.

N'agbanyeghị na a maara ya dị ka Island Carib, asụsụ ahụ enweghị njikọ chiri anya na asụsụ Carib nke ndị Carib bi na mpaghara ala. Kama nke ahụ, o yiri ka ọ bụ mmepe nke asụsụ Arawakan nke ndị mbụ bi na agwaetiti ahụ na-asụ, nke ndị Carib bịara nabata n'oge tupu Columbian. N'oge ọchịchị ndị France, ndị Carib na-asụkwa asụsụ pidgin sitere na Caribbean n'etiti onwe ha..

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
N'oge ndị Yuropu na-akpakọrịta, Kalinago bi n'Agwaetiti Windward nke obere Antilles, site na Guadeloupe ruo Grenada. Omenala oge a gosiri na Kalinago nwere njikọ na ala Caribs (Kalina) nke South America ma merie agwaetiti ndị a site n'aka ndị bi na ha mbụ, Igneri. N'ihi ya, a makwaara Kalinago dị ka Caribs ma ọ bụ Island Caribs, a na-echekwa na ha na-asụ Carib ma ọ bụ asụsụ Cariban yiri ya. Agbanyeghị, ọmụmụ ihe na narị afọ nke 20 chọpụtara na asụsụ Antillean Caribs abụghị Cariban, kama Arawakan, nke metụtara asụsụ Lokono na ala South America na n'ebe dị anya karịa na asụsụ Taíno nke Greater Antilles.[2]

Ndị ọkà mmụta nke oge a atụwo aro ọtụtụ echiche na-akọwa mgbasa nke asụsụ Arawak n'etiti ndị Kalinago. Ndị ọkà mmụta dị ka Irving Rouse tụrụ aro na ndị Carib si South America meriri ndị Igneri mana ha ewepụghị ha, ma were asụsụ ha ka oge na-aga.[2] Ndị ọzọ na-enwe obi abụọ na e nwere mwakpo. Sued Badillo tụrụ aro na Igneri bi na Lesser Antilles nabatara njirimara "Carib" n'ihi njikọ chiri anya ha na akụ na ụba na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-arị elu na narị afọ nke iri na isii. N'ihe omume ọ bụla, eziokwu ahụ bụ na asụsụ Kalinago doro anya na ọ sitere na ụdị Arawakan dị adị emeela ka ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ kpọọ ya "Igneri". O yiri ka ọ dị iche na Taíno dị ka ọ dị na ụdị Arawak.[2]

N'oge ọchịchị ndị France na narị afọ nke 17, nakwa ikekwe tupu mgbe ahụ, Kalinago nwoke jiri asụsụ pidgin nke dị na Cariban tinyere asụsụ Arawakan Kalinago. O doro anya na pidgin ahụ yiri nke ndị Carib na-eji agwa ndị agbata obi ha okwu. Berend J. Hoff na Douglas Taylor chere na ọ malitere n'oge mgbasa nke Carib n'agwaetiti ndị ahụ, nakwa na ụmụ nwoke nọgidere na-eji ya iji mee ka mmalite ha pụta ìhè.[4] Otú ọ dị, ndị ọkà mmụta na-enwe obi abụọ banyere ịdị adị nke mwakpo Carib na-atụ aro na pidgin a bụ mmepe e mechara nweta site na mmekọrịta ya na ụmụ amaala nke ala ahụ.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụedemede

### Mkpụrụ okwu
Kalinago nwere ụdaume iri na isii.

*  nwekwara ike ịnụ dị ka alveolar [s] na nnwere onwe.

## Ihe edeturu

## Edensibia

*  
*
Maria Akwaji

**Maria Godwin Akwaji** bụ onye ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria bụrụkwa onye bụbu onye otu ụlọ ọgbakọ omebe iwu steeti Cross River, na-anọchite anya mpaghara Obudu steeti n'okpuru ikpo okwu nke Peoples Democratic Party (PDP).  Ọ nọchiri di ya nwụrụ anwụ, Godwin Akwaji, onye nwụrụ na Junn afọ 2020 n'ihi nsogbu sitere na COVID-19. . 

Na nhọpụta ya, Maria Akwaji meriri site na mmeri siri ike, nweta vootu 32,166. Onye mmegide ya kacha nso, Dr. Godwin Agbor Adaje nke All Progressives Congress (APC), nwetara vootu 3,546 . 

## Ntụaka

Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria nọ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchichi
Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Asụsụ Canamaré

Canamaré (Kanamaré, Kanamari) bụ Asụsụ Arawak nke na-adịghịzi adị nke Osimiri Purús dị nso n'ókè Peruvian-Brazil. Kaufman (1994)  .

A kọwara ya dị ka olumba nke Yine na ndepụta okwu mbụ. 

Ethnologue 17 na-agwakọta ya na asụsụ Katuquinan dị ndụ nke nwere otu aha ahụ.

## Ihe edeturu
Kariaí

**Kariaí** (Cariyai) bụ asụsụ Arawakan nke gbanyụrụ agbanyụ, nke a na-anaghị anabata nke ọma, nke a na-anaghịkwa ahazi. E dekọrọ ya na ndepụta okwu nke Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius dere n'afọ 1810.. 

## Nchịkọta
Kaufman (1994) &#x5B;**&#x5D; placed it in his Manao (Middle Rio Negro) branch, but this is not followed in Aikhenvald (1999). 

## Edensibia
Kawishana

**Kawishana** (Cawishana, Kayuwishana) bụ asụsụ Arawakan nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara ịdị irè na Brazil. A kọrọ na mmadụ ole na ole na-asụ ya n'afọ 1950, taa, dịka ọ dị na 2012, naanị otu onye nwere ike ikwu ya. O nwere usoro okwu na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma.  

## Nchịkọta
Aikhenvald (1999) kewara ya dị ka asụsụ Middle Rio Negro, asụsụ North Amazonian, yana Bahuana na Manao. 

Kaufman (1994) etinyela ya na alaka nke Western Nawiki Upper Amazonian tinyere asụsụ abụọ na-adịghịzi adị, Jumana (Yumana) na Pasé, nke Aikhenvald hapụrụ na-enweghị aha. 

Ruhlen (1987) kewara ya dị ka asụsụ Rio Negro, tinyere Yumana, Pasé na Manao.

## Edensibia
Machinere

**Asụsụ Machinere** bụ asụsụ Arawakan nke ihe karịrị otu puku mmadụ na-asụ site n'aka ndị Machinere. Ọ bụ asụsụ Piro ma bụrụkwa akụkụ nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Southern Maipuran. Asụsụ a yiri nke Yine nke ukwuu.. Otú ọ dị, nghọta dị ala n'etiti ìgwè abụọ ahụ. Ọ bụ otu n'ime asụsụ gọọmentị nke Bolivia.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

## Orthography
E dere ya na mkpụrụedemede Latin. A sụgharịrị Bible ahụ na Machinere na 1960. 

## Edensibia
Asụsụ Mainatari

**Mainatari** (Maihanatari) bụ asụsụ Arawakan nke Venezuela kpochapuru nke a na-asụ na Castaña-Paraná, nke dị n'akụkụ Osimiri Siapa nke dị na ndagwurugwu Orinoco .  Ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na Yabahana.

## Okwu
Mainatari enweghị ihe akaebe. Naanị okwu 52 ka Johann Natterer chịkọtara na 1831.  : 73 E nyere okwu Mainatari sitere na Ramirez (2019), nke e hotara site na Natterer (1831), n'okpuru. : 

## Edensibia
Asụsụ Maipure

**Maipure** (Maypure, Mejepure, Maipure:   ) bụ asụsụ gbachapụrụ agbachapụ nke a na-asụbu n'akụkụ osimiri Ventuari, Sipapo, na Autana nke Amazonas, nakwa dịka asụsụ nkịtị, na mpaghara Upper Orinoco. Ọ gbachapụrụ agbachapụ n'ihe dị ka ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri na asatọ. Raoul Zamponi nyere eserese asụsụ nke asụsụ ahụ ma nye ndepụta okwu dị iche iche, dabere na ihe niile dị na narị afọ nke iri na asatọ (karịsịa site na onye ozi ala ọzọ nke Itali bụ Filippo S. Gilij).  Ọ dị mkpa n'akụkọ ihe mere eme n'ihi na ọ bụ isi nkuku nke mmata nke Ezinụlọ asụsụ Maipurean (Arawakan) na 1783, tinyere Asụsụ Moxo.

## Nchịkọta
Kaufman (1994)  . 

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
Nnyocha ọ bụla gbasara ụdaolu Maipure bụ nnwale n'ihi ihe akaebe na-adghị mma nke asụsụ ahụ. A na-egosi usoro ụdaume na ụdaume 'okpuru ebe a.

### Mkpụrụ okwu

/r/ bụ phonetically ogologo, [rː]. /h/ enweghi ihe akaebe, mana Gilij kwuru ya.  bụ ndị a na-ahazi dị ka ezé n'ihi ihe ndị yiri ya na Baniva na Yavitero.

### Mkpụrụedemede

/u/ na-aghọta n'efu dị ka [u] ma ọ bụ [o]. /e/ nwere ike ịbụ [ɛ], dịka ọ dị na Baniva na Yavitero. Mkpụrụedemede dị ogologo dị oke ụkọ.

## Ihe edeturu na Edensibia
Robert Vivier

**Robert Vivier** (1894-1989) bụ onye Belgium na-ede uri, onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ, onye edemede, onye na'ede akụkọ ndụ na onye na-enyocha akwụkwọ nke dere n'asụsụ French.

O bipụtara nchịkọta uri mbụ ya, Le Menetrier, na 1924, nke Dechirures (1927),  Au bord du temps (1937),  Le Miracle enferme (1939), Trace par l'oubli (1951), Chronos reve (1959)  na S'étonner d'être (1977) sochiri.  Ịge ntị ya na ndụ kwa ụbọchị sitere n'ịnụ ọkụ n'obi, agụụ o  nwere maka ịbụ nwata n'ime ụwa, ntụgharị uche ya banyere "ebube nke ndụ" na "ebighi ebi dị ụtọ nke na-eku ume n'ụwa" ka e gosipụtara n'amaokwu ndị dị n'efu ma ọ bụ amaokwu ndị dị n'oge ochie (mgbe ụfọdụ sonnets), nke ọ na-ekesa dịka iwu egwu nke onwe ya si dị. &#x5B;**&#x5D; Dị ka *New Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry & Poetics* si kwuo, a na-eji "ajụjụ ọnụ akọ" mara uri ya. Jean-Luc Wauthier kọwara ya dị ka ihe na-egosipụta "ihe na-adịghị mma na nke na-akpali akpali" na ịbụ "nke doro anya, nke nwere nchegbu dị jụụ".  

O dekwara akwụkwọ akụkọ gụnyere Non (1931), Folle qui s'ennuie (1933) na Mesures pour rien, nke Lucien Christophe na Herman Teirlinck toro onye odee ahụ maka "nkwado nghọta" nke onye edemede na ngosipụta ha nke "ihe odide dị mfe, dị n'efu".  Akwụkwọ akụkọ e mechara dee bụ Avec les hommes, nke e mere n'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ. Otu n'ime mmetụta ya bụ onye edemede Belgian, André Baillon (1875-1932). 

Ọrụ Vivier na-abụghị akụkọ ifo gụnyere akụkọ ndụ nke Louis Antoine, onye guzobere Antoinism,  onye na-ede uri Charles Baudelaire,  na onye na-ese ihe Marcel-Louis Baugniet . Ọrụ nkatọ ya gụnyere Et la poésie fut langage (1954) na La Chanson de Roland, Villon, Racine, Verlaine na Mallarmé,    na Frères du Ciel (1962) na nkọwa uri nke akụkọ ifo Icarus na Phaethon.

Ọ bụ prọfesọ na akwụkwọ ọgụgụ na Mahadum Liège na Sorbonne,  ma bụrụkwa onye òtù Royal Academy of French Language and Literature of Belgium (1950-89). 

## Edensibịa

## n'ihu ịgụ

* Laurent Béghin *Robert Vivier, ma ọ bụ Okpukpe nke Ndụ: Akụkọ ndụ* (Académie Royale de Langue et de Littérature Françaises de Belgique Le Cri; 2013)
Fernand Verhaegen

**Fernand Verhaegen** (1883-1975) bụ onye Belgium na-ese ihe osise na onye na-akanye ihe osise n'ahụ ihe.

A mụrụ ya na Marchienne-au-Pont, dị nso na Charleroi dị na Wallonia. Ọ gara ọmụmụ ihe na Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts site na 1900 ruo 1906 ma bụrụ enyi Rik Wouters na Edgard Tytgat. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, o gosipụtara ọrụ ya na Belgium na mba ofesi (Biennale of Venice na 1920 na 1922). Ụdị ya ji nwayọọ nwayọọ gbanwee site na Impressionism na luminism nke Belgium gaa n'ụdị ihe eji ejide eziokwu. N'afọ ndị ikpeazụ ya, ọ laghachiri n'ụdị impressionism nke onwe ya.

Verhaegen bụ ọkachamara n'ise ihe osise ọdịnala Walloon: Carnival nke Binche (n'oge na-adịghị anya a matara ya dị ka onye na-ese "Gilles nke Binche"), Doudou nke Mons, Giants nke Ath, Chinelles nke Fosses, Chaudia nke Leernes, Pasqueye, na ihe ndị ọzọ. O mepụtara usoro ihe osise ndị ọzọ ndị a raara nye akụkọ ọdịnala na Wallonia. N'akwụkwọ ya banyere onye omenkà a, Robert Magremanne akpọwo ya "nnukwu nna ukwu nke akụkọ ọdịnala Walloon". Ọ nwụrụ na Montigny-le-Tilleul na 1975.

Ọrụ Verhaegen dị n'ọtụtụ ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie nke Belgium (Antwerp, Brussels, Charleroi, Ixelles, Liège, Mons) yana na mba ofesi (Geneva, Grenoble, Indianapolis).

## Edensibịa

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Fernand Verhaegen, nnukwu onye nkuzi nke ọdịnala Walloon. Charleroi (Belgium): Ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ Provinciale du Hainaut.   

## Njikọ mpụga

* Fernand Verhaegen
Marcel Thiry

**Marcel Thiry** (13 Machị 1897 - 5 Septemba 1977) bụ onye Belgium na-ede uri na-asụkwa French. N'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ, ya na nwanne ya nwoke Oscar jere ozi na ndị agha Belgian Expeditionary Corps na Russia.

E nyere ya Prix Valery Larbaud na 1976 maka Toi qui pâlis au nom de Vancouver, akwụkwọ uri nke na-echeta Blaise Cendrars na Guillaume Apollinaire. Ọ bụ nna onye na-ahụ maka nje virus Lise Thiry.

## Ọrụ ya ndị bụ isi

### Abụ uri

* *Obi na mmetụta* (1919) 
* *Gị onye na-acha ọcha n'aha Vancouver* (1924), Prix Valery Larbaud
* Ndị Na-abanye n'Ụzọ Mmiri (1925) 
* Nwatakịrị furu efu (1927) 
* *Ihe oyiyi nke ike ọgwụgwụ* Ihe nrite afọ atọ nke uri 1934
* *Ndị ahịa* (1936) 
* Oké Osimiri nke Udo (1938) 
* Afọ ndị mmadụ na-eme (1950) 
* *Ụlọ ọrụ na-eche ihe ndị na-adịghị mma* (1957) 
* Ndụ-abụ uri (1961) 
* Ihe a na-echere (1963) 
* Ogige a na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe (1969) 
* *Oge nke ise na nke anọ* (1969) 
* *Ego nke snow* (1972) 
* *Nrọ na spélonques* (1973) 
* Ihe ọzọ (1975) 

### Akwụkwọ akụkọ na akụkọ mkpirisi Gasị

* *Enweghị oge* (1945) 
* Juste ma ọ bụ Ọchịchọ Helen (1953) 
* Dị ka ọ dị (1959) 
* Akụkọ nke Grand Possible (1960) 
* *Simul na ihe ndị ọzọ* (1963) 
* Nondum jam non (1966) 

### Edemede Gasị

* *Lee nnukwu* (1921), edemede ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị
* *Hitler abụghị nwata* (1940), akwụkwọ nta
* *Belgium n'oge agha* (1947) 
* Akwụkwọ ozi nye ndị ntorobịa Wallons (1960), edemede ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị
* *Abụ na Asụsụ* (1967), edemede

## Edensibịa

* France, Peter (Ed)*The New Oxford Companion to Literature in French.* Oxford: Clarendon Press.  . 

## Njikọ mpụga

* (n'asụsụ French) Marcel Thiry na wallonie-en-ligne.net
Asụsụ Manao

**Manao** bụ asụsụ Arawakan nke Brazil nke dịla anya. Ndị Manaos nyere obodo Manaus nke oge a aha ha, isi obodo steeti Amazonas dị na Brazil..

## Okwu
Okwu ụfọdụ n'asụsụ Manao gụnyere:

## Edensibia
Herman Suykerbuyk

**Herman Suykerbuyk** (5 Jenụwarị 1934 - 21 Febụwarị 2026) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Belgium nke òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Christian People's Party (CVP). 

## Ndụ na ọrụ
A mụrụ ya na Kapellen na 5 Jenụwarị 1934, Suykerbuyk gụrụ akwụkwọ ọmụmụ iwu na Mahadum Katọlik nke Leuven site na 1952 ruo 1957, mgbe ọ bụ onye òtù Katholiek Vlaams Hoogstudentenverbond. A họpụtara ya na mbụ na Chemba ndị Nnochianya na 1968, ebe ọ jere ozi ruo 1987. Ọ bụkwa onye òtù Kansụl Ọdịbendị maka Ndị Dutch Cultural Community site na 1971 ruo 1981, nke ghọrọ Kansụl Flemish ma mesịa bụrụ Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu Flemish. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ebe ahụ ruo 1999. Ọ bụkwa onye omeiwu sịneetị site na 1987 ruo 1995.

N'ime Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu Flemish, a maara Suykerbuyk nke ọma maka "iwu Suyker buyk" na-ese okwu, nke chọrọ ịkwụ ụgwọ maka ndị Nazi ha na ha na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ a tara ahụhụ mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ gasịrị na ndị ọzọ merụrụ ahụ site na mmegide. Ndị People's Union, Vlaams Blok, na CVP kwadoro iwu ahụ, nke mebiri cordon sanitaire iji kwado iwu ahụ, ọ bụ ezie na Ụlọikpe Arbitration kagburu ya na 1999. Na Senate, o soghị zọọ na ntuli aka 1995 na iwu ịgọnahụ Holocaust nke Belgium.

Suykerbuyk nwụrụ na Essen na 21 Febụwarị 2026, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri itoolu na abụọ. 

## Edensibịa
Guy Spitaels

**Guy Gustave Arthur Ghislain Spitaels** (French pronunciation: [ɡi ɡystav aʁtyʁ ɡilɛ̃ spitals]; 3 Septemba 1931 - 21 Ọgọst 2012) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Belgium nke òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Socialist Party. Ọ bụ Minista bụ onye isi ala nke asaa nke Wallonia site na 1992 ruo 1994 na onye isi oche nke pati ya ruo afọ iri na atọ, ruo mgbe Philippe Busquin nọchiri ya.

## Ọrụ
Spitaels gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1957 n'isi ọmụmụ sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na Universite Catholique de Louvain (UCL), wee gaa College of Europe na Bruges 1957-1958. Ọ hapụrụ Okwukwe Roman Katọlik wee ghọọ onye Freemason. Ọ ghọrọ prọfesọ na iwu ọrụ na Mahadum Libre de Bruxelles (ULB).

Na mbido afọ ndị 1970, Spitaels bụ onye isi ndị ọrụ nye ndị minista dị iche iche nke Belgian socialist. Mgbe ntuli aka nke afọ 1974 gasịrị, Spitaels ghọrọ onye omeiwu. Ọ ghọrọ onye isi obodo Ath na 1977, ọkwa ọ nọrọ na ya afọ iri abụọ. N'otu afọ ahụ, ọ ghọrọ minista na-ahụ maka ọrụ n'okpuru Praịm Minista Paul Vanden Boeynants. Site na 1979 ruo 1981 Spitaels bụ osote praịm minista n'okpuru ọchịchị Wilfried Martens. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ esepụ aka dị ka minista nke mmefu ego (1979-1980) na minista nke njem (1980-1981). Mgbe e meriri ya na ntuli aka nke afọ 1981, e wepụrụ PS ịbụzi de inndị mmegide ma Guy Spitaels ghọrọ onyeisi oche nke PS (1981-1992). Na ntuli  aka nke afọ 1987 ọ duuru pati ya gaa mmeri na ntuli aka ahụ ma laghachi n'ọchịchị.
ntuli
Ebe ya na André Cools nọ ya, PS keere òkè dị mkpa n'ịgbanwe usoro otu nke steeti Belgium ka ọ bụrụ usoro gọọmentị etiti. A rụzuru mgbanwe ahụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na 1989 ma mee ka ọ bụrụ nke a kwadoro kpamkpam na 1993.

N'afọ 1992, Spitaels mere ndokwa na ọ ga-abụ Minista bụ onye isi ala nke Gọọmentị Walloon. No njikọ aka ya na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị ọzọ si n'òtù ya, o tinyere aka na Agusta scandal, nke mere ka ọ gbaa arụkwaghịm na 1994. N'afọ 1995, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche nke Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu nke Walloon mana ọ ghaghị ịhapụ ọrụ a n'ihi ihe ihere ahụ mere n'afọ 1997. A mara Spitaels ikpe maka iri ngarị n'ụlọ ikpe Cassation n'afọ 1998. Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya agaghị agbake agbake site na ihe ihere a.

Tupu ihe ihere Agusta ahụ e mee, a na-akpọ ya Dieu (na French maka **Chineke**), na-arụtụ aka na nnukwu mmetụta ya n'ime Parti Socialiste, nke bụ òtù kachasị ike na Belgium na-asụ French n'oge ahụ.

Spitaels nwụrụ site na akpụ ụbụrụ o nwere mgbe ọ dị afọ iri asatọ na 21 Ọgọst 2012. 

## Hụkwa

* 1960-61 Ịgba arụkwaghị m n'oge oyi

## Ihe edeturu

## Ebe e si nweta ya

* Guy Spitaels

|-

|-
Félix Rousseau

**Félix Rousseau** (1887-1981) bụ ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Belgium.

A mụrụ Rousseau na Namur na 14 Jenụwarị 1887 o wee nwụọ n'ebe ahụ na 7 Septemba 1981. 

## Akwụkwọ O bipụtara ndị a họọrọ

* 1921: Henry Onye ìsì, Comte de Namur et de Luxembourg, 1136-1196*Henry Onye ìsì, Comte nke Namur na Luxembourg, 1136-1196*
* 1936: *Ihe omuma nke ndi Comtes de Namur nke agbụrụ mbu, 946-1196*
* 1942: *Mmalite akụkọ ihe mere eme banyere nka Mosan*
* 1951: Le Namurois; mmeghe na nkọwa nke Félix Rousseau; foto nke R. Tamines, J. Cayet na Ch. Ihe osise
* 1952: *Alụmdi na nwunye nke Ermesinde de Namur na Thibaut de Bar, 1189 ma ọ bụ 1196-1197?*
* 1967: La Wallonie, Terre Romane; mbipụta nke anọ e dezigharịrị ma gbasaa
* 1970: L'Art mosan, mmeghe akụkọ ihe mere eme. Mbipụta nke Abụọ
* 1971: Akụkọ ifo na omenala nke obodo Namur*Akụkọ mgbe ochie na omenala nke ala Namur*
* 1977: *Site n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Namur, Namurois na Wallonia. * *Nchịkọta isiokwu nke Félix Rousseau*
* 1993: La Wallonie, terre romane (mbipụta nke isii); L'Art mosan (mbipụtara nke atọ) 
* --? --: Namur, obodo Mosane*Obodo Namur nke Mosane*

## Edensibịa
Toke Benson-Awoyinka

**Toke Benson-Awoyinka** (amụrụ na 12th n'ọnwa Junn, afọ 1967) bụ onye ọka iwu Naijiria, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye ọrụ ebere. Ọ bụ onye ndụmọdụ pụrụ iche nye Gọvanọ Lagos Steeti Babajide Sanwoolu na Ụlọ n'afọ 2019 ma n'afọ 2023 a họpụtara ya dị ka Kọmishọna maka njem nleta, nka na ọdịbendị.

## Ndụ
A mụrụ ya n'abali iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Junn, afọ 1967. Ọ malitere agụmakwụkwọ ya na Marywood Grammar School, Ebute-Metta na Mahadum Lagos Steeti ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Bachelor of Laws ma kpọọ ya na Naijiria Bar n'afọ 1990.

Awoyinka malitere ọrụ ya na Standard Insurers ma mesịa gaa n'ihu na Yemi Peters & Co na B.O Benson Law Office. Tupu a họpụta ya ka ọ bụrụ onye ndụmọdụ pụrụiche nye Gọvanọ Lagos steeti n'ihe gbasara ụlọ n'afọ 20219 wee bụrụ Kọmishọna na-ahụ maka njem nlegharị anya, nka na ọdịbendị n'afọ 2023.

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta nke ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị nke Lagos State.

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga
*
Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Nikki May

**Nikki May** bụ onye edemede Anglo-Naijiria nke jikọtara ahụmịhe ya nke ọdịbendị Bekee na nke Naijiria n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ ya.

O meriri ihe nrite olu ọhụrụ nke ụmụ nwanyị Comedy in Print Prize maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya Wahala,  ma kwuo okwu maka ide akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na BBC's Woman's Hour. 

Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya nke abụọ, This Motherless Land  dabere na Mansfield Park. 

## Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara

* 
* *Ala A Na-enweghị Nne* (2025), Penguin   

## Ntụaka

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Blotstulka

***Blotstulka***, ma ọ bụ *Blot-Tulca*, (Narị afọ nke iri na otu) bụ aha a maara n'akụkọ ifo maka nwunye eze nwanyị Sweden nke oge ochie, di nke Eze "Blot-Sweyn" nke Sweden onye nwere ike ịchị na afọ 1080. Aha ahụ nwere ike ịbụ otu ihe ahụ na nke di ya, nke pụtara: "Nwanyị Na-achụ Achụ" ma ọ bụ "Onye Na-achụ Achụ"; dịka aha di ya bụ "Sweyn Onye Na-achụ Achụ", nke a pụkwara ịtụgharị dị ka "Nwoke Na-achụ Achụ".

## Akụkọ ndụ
A maghị ọtụtụ ihe banyere eze nwanyị ahụ na ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya na ọnwụ ya amaghị. Ọ nwere ike ịbụ nne nke nwa nwoke Blot-Sweyn, Erik Årsäll. Ọ lụrụ Sweyn tupu ọ bụrụ eze ma dị ndụ ịbụ eze nwanyị n'oge ọchịchị ya. Ọ bụ eze nwanyị Pagan ikpeazụ a maara na Sweden na Scandinavia. Ọ ghọrọ eze nwanyị nke Sweden mgbe di ya rịgoro n'ocheeze. N'ihe dị ka afọ 1087, a chụpụrụ di ya ma gbuo ya; dị ka ọdịnala si kwuo, site n'ịbụ onye gbara gburugburu n'ụlọ ya, nke a gbara ọkụ. Enweghị ogbugbu e gburu nwanyị, ọ bụkwa omenala ikwe ka ụmụ nwanyị nke ezinụlọ si n'ụlọ ahụ pụọ n'ọnọdụ dị otú ahụ. Ya mere, a na-atụ anya na eze nwanyị ahụ anwụọla ọnwụ di ya. A kọrọ ihe dị n'elu site na akụkọ ifo. Enweghị ihe doro anya banyere ndụ ya.

## Edensibia

* Åke Ohlmarks: *Alla Sveriges drottningar* (All the queens of Sweden) 1976 (Swedish)
Cecilia Knutsdatter

**Cecilia Knudsdatter nke Denmark** (1081/85 – mgbe 7 Jenụwarị 1131 gasịrị), bụ ada eze Denmark, ada Canute nke anọ nke Denmark na Adela nke Flanders. 

Mgbe e tinyere akwụkwọ ma gbuo nna ya n'ọrụ n'afọ 1086, nne ya hapụrụ Denmark wee laghachi Flanders ya na nwa ya nwoke bụ́ Charles, ebe Cecilia na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ́ Ingegerd sooro nwanne nna ha bụ́ Eric nke Mbụ nke Denmark na nwanne nne ha bụ́ Boedil Thurgotsdatter, bụ́ ndị ghọrọ nne na nna ha na-azụlite, gaa Sweden.. [2]

Eric na Boedil laghachiri Denmark mgbe Eric chụpụrụ n'ocheeze na 1095. Ụmụnne nwanyị abụọ ahụ lụrụ ndị isi Sweden. Cecilia lụrụ Earl Eric. [2] O mechara laghachi Denmark, ebe e mere di ya jarl nke Falster, di na nwunye ahụ wee biri na Haraldsted na Ringsted. Di na nwunye ahụ nwere ụmụ nwoke abụọ: Knud na Cal, Duke of Halland. O nwekwara ike inwe nwa nwanyị Inger Eriksdotter, onye lụrụ Asser Rig, onye amaala nke ezinụlọ Hvide si Fjenneslev na Zealand, ọ bụkwa nne Esbern Snare na Absalọm.

N'afọ 1131, Canute Lavard gara leta ya. O chere na a ga-egbu ya ma gbalịa ime ka o kwenye ka ọ ghara ịga nzukọ ya na Magnus, ebe a ga-egbuo ya, mana o leghaara ndụmọdụ ya anya.

## Edensibia

## Ebe e si nweta ya

* 
* Dansk biografisk Lexikon / IV. E jikọtara ọnụ. Clemens - Eynden
* Cecilia, urn:sbl:16520, Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (art av Nat. Beckman.), kwataat 2015-02-14. E debere ya na  Wayback Machine
* Dansk biografisk Lexikon / IV. E jikọtara ọnụ. Clemens - Eynden
Asụsụ Mandawaca

**Mandahuaca** (Mandawaka) .bụ asụsụ Arawakan nke e birila na mbụ na Venezuela na Brazil. E bipụtara data kachasị ọhụrụ na 1975. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ asụsụ nke a na-akpọ Baré.

## Nchịkọta
Kaufman (1994) kewara ya na otu Warekena nke Western Nawiki Upper Amazonian,  Aikhenvald (1999) na Central (Orinoco) Upper Amazoic.  Dị ka onye na-ekwu okwu na Baré (Barawana) si kwuo, Mandawaca nwere nghọta.

## Edensibia
Hanni Woodbury

**Hanni Woodbury** bụ onye German-American ọka mmụta asụsụ na ọka mmụta gbasara mmadụ bụ ọkachamara na asụsụ Onondaga na asụsụ ndị ọzọ nke Iroquoian. A mụrụ ya na Hamburg wee soro ezinụlọ ya kwaga United States mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ gasịrị. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ ubi na Onondaga ihe karịrị afọ iri atọ. A kọwara akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Onondaga-English ya - akwụkwọ ọkọwaokwu mbụ nke Onondaga - dị ka "ihe ncheta". E nyere ya otu n'ime ihe nrite Mary Haas Awards n'afọ 1994 sitere na Society for the Study of the Indigenous Languages of the Americas maka ọrụ ya na emume Onondaga.

## Ọrụ

* 
* 
* 
* 

## Edemsibia

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Asụsụ Marawan

**Marawán** bụ asụsụ Arawakan nke Brazil. A maara ya naanị site na ndepụta okwu nke Paul Rivet na Pierre Reinburg bipụtara na 1921.

## Okwu

## Edensibia
Garawan

**Asụsụ Garawan** (Garrwan), ma ọ bụ **Yanyi**, bụ obere ezinụlọ asụsụ nke Asụsụ ndị Aborigine Australia nke a na-asụ ugbu a n'ebe ugwu Australia.

 

Garawan nwere ike nwee ihe jikotara ya na asụsụ  Pama–Nyungan , n'agbanyeghị na anabataghi nke a na mba Bowern n'afọ 2011. Asụsụ ndị ahụ dị nso: Dixon (2002)  na ekwu na ọ ga-adị nfe na ụzọ kwụ ọtọ iji wughachi proto-Garawa–Wanji.

## Okwu
Capell (1940) depụtara ihe ndị a bụ isi: 

## Edemsibia
Asụsụ Mashco Piro

**Mashco Piro** bụ ihe akaebe na-adịghị mma  Asụsụ Arawakan nke a na-asụ na Peru, nke Mashco Piro ma ọ bụ Nomole (nke pụtara 'ụmụnne' ma ọ bụ 'ndị obodo' na Mashco Piro na Yine). O yiri nke Piro (Yine), nke nwere ihe dị ka 60% nghọta. Kaufman weere ya dị ka olu Piro; Aikhenvald na-atụ aro na ọ nwere ike ịbụ olu Iñapari. .

Akwụkwọ asụsụ dị oke, ebe ọ bụ na Mashco Piro bụ ndị na-achụ nta na ndị na-achịkọta ihe  ndị na-ezere ịkpọụrụ ndị si n'èzí.

## Ihe edeturu
Cocaine

**Cocaine**, nke a makwaara dị ka **coke**, bụ ihe na-akpali akpali nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe dị ka ọgwụ ntụrụndụ. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe, na-eku ume dị ka anwụrụ ọkụ, ma ọ bụ na-agbaze ma na-agba ya n'ime akwara. Mmetụta uche nwere ike ịgụnye enweghị ike ịbịakwute eziokwu, mmetụta siri ike nke obi ụtọ, ma ọ bụ ọgba aghara. Mgbaàmà anụ ahụ nwere ike ịgụnye obi na-akụ ngwa ngwa, ọsụsọ, na nnukwu nnwa anya. Ọgwụ dị elu nwere ike ịkpata ọbara mgbali elu ma ọ bụ okpomọkụ ahụ. Mmetụta na-amalite n'ime sekọnd ruo nkeji nke e ji ya mee ihe ma na-adịgide n'etiti nkeji ise na iri itoolu. Cocaine nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke ọgwụgwọ a nabatara dị ka ịkpọnwụ ahụ na ibelata ọbara ọgbụgba n'oge ịwa ahụ metụtara imi.

Cocaine na-ama ahụ n'ihi mmetụta ya na  rịwọọd patiwee n'ụbụrụ. Mgbe obere oge nke iji ya mee ihe gasịrị, e nwere ohere dị ukwuu na ịdabere na ya ga-eme. Ojiji ya na-emekwa ka ihe ize ndụ nke ọrịa strok, ọrịa obi, nsogbu akpa ume n'ime ndị na-ese ya, Ọrịa ọbara, na ọnwụ obi mberede. A na-agwakọta cocaine a na-ere n'ógbè n'ọgwụ na-akụnwụ ahụ, ọka, quinine, ma ọ bụ shuga, nke nwere ike ịkpata nsị ọzọ. Site na ịṅụ ọgwụ a ugboro ugboro, mmadụ nwere ike belata ikike inwe obi ụtọ ma bụrụ onye ike gwụrụ.

Cocaine na-arụ ọrụ site na igbochi reuptake nke serotonin, norepinephrine, na dopamine. Nke a na-eme ka ụbụrụ atọ a gbasaa. Ọ nwere ike ịgafe Ihe mgbochi ọbara na ụbụrụ n'ụzọ dị mfe ma nwee ike iduga na mmebi nke ihe mgbochi ahụ. N'afọ 2013, e mepụtara kilogram 419 n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro. A na-eme atụmatụ na ahịa iwu na-akwadoghị maka cocaine bụ 100 ruo US $ 500 ijeri kwa afọ. Site na nhazi ọzọ, enwere ike ịmepụta crack cocaine site na cocaine.

Cocaine bụ ọgwụ iwu na-akwadoghị nke abụọ a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ụwa niile, mgbe cannabis gasịrị. N'etiti nde mmadụ iri na anọ na iri abụọ na otu na-eji ọgwụ ahụ eme ihe kwa afọ. Ojiji kachasị elu na North America na Europe na South America sochiri. N'etiti otu na pasent atọ nke ndị mmadụ nọ n'ụwa ndị mepere emepe ejirila cocaine mee ihe n'oge ụfọdụ na ndụ ha. N'afọ 2013, iji cocaine eme ihe kpatara ọnwụ 4,300, site na 2,400 na 1990. A na-akpọ ya aha osisi  nke e kewapụrụ ya. Ndị Peru na-eji akwụkwọ osisi ahụ eme ihe kemgbe oge ochie. A chọtara cocaine na mbụ site na akwụkwọ ya na 1860. Kemgbe 1961, otu mba ụwa maka ọgwụ ọjọọ achọrọ ka mba mee ka ojiji ntụrụndụ nke cocaine bụrụ mpụ.

## Ihe odide
Asụsụ Mehinaku

**Mehináku** (Meinaku) bụ asụsụ Arawakan nke ndị Mehinaku na-asụ na Xingu Indigenous Park nke Brazil. 

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
Mehináku nwere ụdaume ise /a e i ɨ u/ nke nwere ike ịbụ ọnụ ma ọ bụ imi /ã ẽ ĩ ɨ̃ ũ/ .

Asụsụ ahụ nwere ụdaume iri na atọ.

## Edensibia
Amad Media

**Amad Media** bụ weebụsaịtị akụkọ Palestine nke jikọtara ya na mmegide megide Onyeisiala Palestine bụ Mahmud Abbas.  karịsịa Muhammad Dahlan. .

N'afọ 2017, ndị Palestinian Authority gbochiri Amad News na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ akụkọ 10 ndị ọzọ nke Palestine ka ha ghara ịnweta na est Bank.

## Edensibia
Parawana

**Parawana bụ asụsụ Arawakan nke Brazil gbahapụrụ agbahapụ nke a na-asụ n'Osimiri Wanawaua (nke a maara ugbu a dị ka Osimiri Anauá), otu akụkụ nke Rio Branco dị n'okpuru ala** . Johann Natterer chịkọtara ndepụta okwu na 1832. : 18 : 18 

Parawana na Aroaqui nwere njikọ chiri anya, ma nwee ike ịbụ otu asụsụ.

## Edensibia
Paresi–Waura

Asụsụ **Pareci-Xingu**, makwaara dị ka Paresi–Waura ma ọ bụ Central Maipurean, bụ asụsụ Maipurean / Arawakan nke Bolivian na ọdịda anyanwụ Brazil Amazon.

## Asụsụ
Kaufman (1994) na-enye nkọwa ndị a:
 
Ọrụ ndị ọzọ Fabre (2005) na Brandão na Facundes (2007) gụnyere Enawene Nawe na Paresí.

## Edensibia
Asuụsụ asé

Pasé (Passe) bụ asụsụ Arawakan a na-anaghị akọwa nke ọma ma bụrụkwa nke a na-anaghị akọwa nke ọma. A na-akwado ya n'otu ndepụta okwu nke narị afọ nke 19.  A na-akọ na ndị Passe ji aka ha kewapụ onwe ha n'ebe ndị ọzọ nọ.

## Nchịkọta
Kaufman (1994) debere ya na alaka Río Negro ya,  ana nke a anaghị agbaso na Aikhenvald (1999).  A na-ejikọta ya na Yumana na alaka Japurá-Colômbia site na Ramirez na França (2019). 

## Edensibia
Mepuri

**Mepuri** bụ Asụsụ Arawak nke Brazil nke a na-asụ na gburugburu mgbagwoju anya nke Rio Negro na Japurá River, karịsịa na Osimiri Marié na Osimiri Curicuriari. Johann Natterer chịkọtara ndepụta okwu na 1831. 

## Nchịkọta
Achịkọtara Mepuri dị ka onye otu alaka Japurá-Colômbia nke Ramirez na França (2019). 

## Edensibia
Asụsụ Morique

**Morique** (Morike, Mayoruna) bụ asụsụ Arawakan nke gbahapụrụ agbahapụ, nke a na-anaghị anabata nke ọma nke a na-asụ n'etiti Osimiri Ucayali na Osimiri Javari na Peru. Naanị ihe ndekọ ya sitere n'akwụkwọ Günter Tessmann nke afọ 1930. Ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na Chamicuro.: 145 

## Edensibia
Piapoco

**Piapoco** bụ Asụsụ Arawak nke Colombia na Venezuela.

A na-ekwu na asụsụ "Ponares" sitere na aha nna, ọ pụkwara ịbụ Piapoco ma ọ bụ Achagua.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
**Piapoco** bụ alaka nke Asụsụ Arawak, nke gụnyekwara Achagua na Tariana. A na-ewere Piapoco dị ka asụsụ Northern Arawak. E nwere naanị ihe dị ka ndị na-asụ asụsụ Piapoco 3,000 fọdụrụ taa. Ndị a bi na osimiri Meta, Vichada, na Guaviare na Colombia  Ndị na-asụ Piapoco bikwa na Venezuela.  Ọ bụ asụsụ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ.

### Ala / Ebe ndabere
Ndị Piapocos si n'agbụrụ buru ibu, Piaroa, bụ́ ndị bi n'oké ọhịa Amazon. Ndị Piapoco biri na mbụ n'etiti Rio Guaviare, ha mechara kwaga na narị afọ nke 18 iji zere ndị ọbịa, ndị ozi ala ọzọ, na ndị ọzọ.

## Asụsụ Abụọ
Okwu Piapoco bụ aha njirimara Spanish na-ezo aka na toucan. Ọtụtụ ndị na-asụ Piapoco na-asukwa Spanish. Ndị na-asụ asụsụ ndị na-asụrụ ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe na ndị na-ekwu okwu Spanish na-ekwukarị ụdaume "s" dị ka ụda na-enweghị ụda. Ndị na-eto eto na-asụ asụsụ Piapoco na-ewepụkarị "h" karịa ndị okenye na-asụrụ ya n'ihi mmekọrịta ha na asụsụ Spanish. Nke a na-enye ohere maka njikọta nke nta nke nta, ebe ụtọ asụsụ na semantics nke tu asụsụ na-amalite imepụtaghachi nke ọzọ.
## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụ okwu

* /s̪/ nwere ike ịkpọpụta dị ka [θ] n'etiti ndị na-asụ asụsụ ndị na-enweghị mmekọrịta dị ukwuu na ndị na-ekwu Spanish.
* /k/ nwere ike ịbụ  mgbe /i/ gasịrị, n'ihu ụdaume ọzọ.
* /ts/ nwere ike ịkpọpụta dị ka [tʃ] na ọdịiche n'efu n'etiti ndị ọkà okwu dị iche iche.
* A na-akpọ /w/ dị ka [β] mgbe ọ na-ebute ụdaume ihu.

Enwere ike ịmegharị ụdaume [ã] mgbe ọ na-apụta n'ihu ụdaume imi.

## Asụsụ
Deloris Klumpp dere akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Piapoco-Spanish nwere okwu 2,500, nke e jidere njirimara osisi, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị ha niile. Asụsụ Piapoco na-agbaso iwu ụtọ asụsụ ndị a: ọnụọgụ -nai eji eme ihe maka animates naanị, ọnụọgụ nwoke -iri, nwanyị -tua, ọnụọụọgụ -mi 'mgbe, nke nwụrụ anwụ,' na-akpọ aha -si, akara ọnọdụ -ka. Piapoco pụrụ iche n'ihi na o yiri ka ọ bụ asụsụ na-ebo ebubo. E nwere ụdaume iri na asatọ, ụdaume iri anọ na ụdaume anọ n'asụsụ Piapoco.

## Edensibia

*
Mobolaji Adeniyi Adeola

Arc. **Mobolaji Adeniyi Adeola** FNIA (amụrụ na 16 Machị 1960) bụ ọkammụta ụlọ na Naịjirịa, ọkammụta na onyeisi oche nke iri atọ nke Nigerian Institute of Architects. .  

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Mobolaji na ụbọchị iri na isii nke ọnwa Maachị afọ 1960 n'ezinụlọ Chief Kolawole Olafimihan - ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ịmụ nwa na ụmụ nwanyị na Oriakụ Violet na London, England. O nwetara akara ugo mmụta bachelor na Mahadum Ahmadu Bello na afọ 1980 na na afọ 1982 nzere masta ya na nhazi ụlọ.

## Ọrụ
Mobolaji jere ozi dị ka onye nkuzi na Polytechnic, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, site na 1982 ruo 1984. Ọ na-eje ozi ugbu a dị ka onye isi ala nke iri atọ na nwanyị mbụ bụ onye isi oche nke Nigerian Institute of Architects na Oyo State, na nwanyị nke abụọ bụ onye isi ala. Ọ bụ Chief Executive Officer na onye isi mmekọ na MA na ndị mmekọ. 

## Ndị otu
Mobolaji na-eje ozi ugbu a dị ka onye isi oche nke Nigerian Institute of Architects ma bụrụkwa nwanyị nke abụọ na-achịkwa njikọ ahụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme ya nke afọ 63. Ọ bụ onye otu ADSL na onye otu Architects Build Nigeria . 

## Edemsibia

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ahunna Eziakonwa

**Ahunna Eziakonwa** bụ osote odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke United Nations na osote onye nchịkwa na onye nduzi nke United Nations Development Program, Regional Bureau for Africa. Tupu a họpụta ya na Ọgọst 15, 2018, ọ bụ onye nnọchite anya UN Development Program na onye nhazi ọdịmma mmadụ na Ethiopia, Uganda, na Lesotho. 

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Ahunna na Naịjirịa. O nwere nzere masta na ihe gbasara mba ụwa site na Mahadum Columbia's School of International and Public Affairs. O nwekwara nzere bachelọ na agụmakwụkwọ na Mahadum Benin Nigeria. Ọ bụ onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Harvard Kennedy School Executive Programme ebe ọ nwetara ihe ọmụma na echiche mmepe dị elu.

## Ndụ onwe onye
Ahunna lụrụ di ma nwee nwa nwanyị.

## Edemsibia

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Malcolm Ross (linguist

**Malcolm David Ross** FAHA (amụrụ na 3 Mee 1942) bụ ọkachamara n'asụsụ Ọstrelia. Ọ bụ prọfesọ emeritus nke mmụta asụsụ na Mahadum Mba Australia (ANU).

Ndị ọkachamara n'asụsụ maara Ross nke ọma maka ọrụ ya na asụsụ Austronesian na Papua, asụsụ akụkọ ihe mere eme, na mmekọrịta asụsụ (karịsịa metatypy ). A họpụtara ya dị ka onye otu nke Australian Academy of the Humanities na 1996. 

## Ọrụ
Ross rụrụ ọrụ dịka Onyeisi nke Goroka Teachers College dị na Papua New Guinea site na 1980 ruo 1982, n'oge ahụ ọ kọrọ na ọ nwere mmasị n'asụsụ obodo, wee malite ịchịkọta data na ha. Na 1986, o nwetara PhD ya n'aka ANU n'okpuru nlekọta nke Stephen Wurm, Bert Voorhoeve na Darrell Tryon .  Akwụkwọ edemede ya bụ maka usoro ọmụmụ nke asụsụ Oceanic nke ọdịda anyanwụ Melanesia, ma nwee nhazi mbụ nke Proto Oceanic . 

Malcolm Ross webatara echiche nke njikọ, otu asụsụ ndị na-agbanwe site na mgbanwe olu kama site na nkewa dị ka osisi.

Ya na Andrew Pawley na Meredith Osmond, Ross enyela aka na Proto-Oceanic Lexicon Project, nke mepụtara ọtụtụ mpịakọta nke okwu Proto-Oceanic e megharịrị emegharị n'ọtụtụ ngalaba nkọwa okwu. 

Ross ebipụtala akwụkwọ gbasara asụsụ Formosan, asụsụ Papuan na nhazigharị nke usoro ụda na nhazi nke Proto-Austronesian .

## Ihe ndetu


## Njikọ mpụga

* 
* Malcolm Ross's Curriculum Vitae (dated 5 Oct 2020)
* Malcolm Ross's entry in LinguisTree
Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Jimmie Akinsola

**Folajimi Oluwasegun James Akinsola**, (born 8 August 1984)  A maara Jimmie Akinsola nke ọma dịka onye mgbasa ozi Naịjirịa, onye na-eme ihe nkiri, onye na-egosi egwuregwu na onye na-eme ihe nkiri. He is well known for his roles on Beat FM, Classic FM, Kwesé TV Channel and SuperSport. In 2016, he starred in his first feature film *[[...When Love Happens|When Love Happens Again.]]*

## Oge ọ malitere
A mụrụ Folajimi Akinsola na Surulere, Lagos State. A mụrụ ya dị ka nwa ikpeazụ n'ime ụmụnne atọ.

Ọ gara Nazareth Nursery na Primary School na Lagos, maka agụmakwụkwọ praịmarị ya. O mechara banye na Igbobi College, Yaba, ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya. O nwetara diplọma na Data Processing na Mathematics na Mahadum Olabisi Onabanjo na Mahadim Lagos. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ gara n'ihu na-agbaso nzere bachelọ na Business Administration na Mahadum Lagos State.

## Ọrụ
Folajimi pụtara na TV dị ka nwatakịrị dị afọ asaa na-aza ajụjụ Vox pop na ihe ngosi bọọlụ. Otú ọ dị, ọ malitere ọrụ ya n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro na 2003 mgbe ọ sonyeere Godwin Dudu Orumen's The Best of Football na Lucozade Boost Sports Reel dị ka onye na-eme egwuregwu.

N'afọ 2009, Jimmie sonyeere Megalectrics Limited, ndị nwe The Beat 99.9FM, Classic FM 97.3 na Naija 102.7FM, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Onye isi egwuregwu maka ụlọ ọrụ redio atọ ahụ.

Ọ kpuchiri iko mba ụwa FIFA nke mbụ na Africa, South Africa 2010, nke gara n'ihu mee ka o nweta ihe nrite maka onye na-eme ihe ngosi redio kacha mma.

N'afọ 2012, Folajimi ghọrọ onye ọbịa maka Industry Nite, ihe ngosi kwa izu maka ndị na-ese egwu nke gosipụtara Dbanj, Wizkid, Davido, Tiwa Savage, Yemi Alade, Wande Coal na Burnaboy. N'afọ 2014, Jimmie kwadoro Africa Magic's Football Legends, ihe ngosi egwuregwu TV nke gosipụtara Ebuka Obi-Uchendu na Odogwu The Comedian. N'afọ 2018, ọ sonyeere Kwese TV Channel dị ka onye isi na Kwesé Sports, na-eduga mgbasa ozi nke FIFA World Cup 2018 na Nigerian Terrestrial TV. N'afọ 2019, Jimmie sonyeere SuperSport TV dị ka onye na-elekọta The Kings Of Football Show nke Budweiser. 

Ihe nkiri ya gụnyere When Love Happens, Twin Flames, Bad Boys na Bridesmaid. N'afọ 2024, ọ pụtara na Prime Video Original Ebuka Turns Up Africa, ihe ngosi nke Ebuka Obi-Uchendu, nke gosipụtara Zubby Michael na Timini Egbuson.

## Ihe nkiri

### Ihe nkiri

### Telivishọn

## Nkwado na onyinye

## Ndụ onwe onye
Na Nọvemba 2022, Jimmie lụrụ Kanayo Ebi, nwa nwanyị Ernest Ebi. Ha nwere nwa nwoke aha ya bụ Kanyechi Folajimi Ernest Akinsola . 

## Edemsibia

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations
Shiriana

**Bahuana** (Bahwana),ma ọ bụ Shiriana (Xiriâna, Chiriana), bụ asụsụ Arawakan nwere njikọ chiri anya na Manao na Kariaí ,  

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

## Okwu

## Edensibia
Yupua

**Saraveca** (Xaray)  bụ Asụsụ Arawak na-adịghịzi adị nke ndị Sarave na-asụbu na Bolivia. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1962, ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ agbanweela Chiquitano.

## Ọnụ ọgụgụ
  A na-ekwu na[1][2] bụ naanị asụsụ nwere usoro ọnụọgụgụ dabere naanị na ise, ọ bụ ezie na usoro quinary dị. Ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, nke a bụkwa ihe dị mkpa n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ dị na South America; ọtụtụ na-emepụta ọnụọgụgụ ha 6–9 dị ka "ise + otu", "ise + abụọ" na ndị ọzọ. 

## Edensibia
Andrew Pawley

**Andrew Kenneth Pawley** FRSNZ, FAHA (amụrụ na 1941 na Sydney )  bụ ọkachamara n'asụsụ Australia-New Zealand na Prọfesọ Emeritus na School of Culture, History and Language nke College of Asia and the Pacific na Australian National University .

## Ọrụ
A mụrụ Pawley na Sydney mana ọ kwagara Niu Ziland mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Auckland, wee nweta PhD na nkà mmụta ihe gbasara mmadụ na afọ 1966.

Akwụkwọ edemede ya nke doctorate, *Nhazi nke Karam: usoro ụtọasụsụ nke asụsụ New Guinea Highlands*,  bụ maka Kalam, asụsụ Papuan ( Trans–New Guinea ) nke Papua New Guinea .

Ọ kụziri asụsụ na Ngalaba Nkà Mmụta Anthropology, Mahadum Auckland site na 1965 ruo 1989, tinyere oge na Mahadum Papua New Guinea (1969) na Mahadum Hawaii (1973 ruo 1978). Ọ kwagara Mahadum Mba Australia na 1990. Ọ kụziri ihe na Linguistic Society of America 's Summer Institute na 1977 na 1985. Pawley gụrụ akwụkwọ ezumike nka na Berkeley (1983), Frankfurt (1994) na Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig (2001). Ugbu a, ọ bụ Prọfesọ Emeritus na Mahadum Mba Australia 's College of Asia and the Pacific .

### Nnyocha

Ihe Pawley na-achọ n'ime nnyocha ya gụnyere asụsụ na omenala ndị Austronesian na Papua, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị Pacific Island tupu oge eruo, akụkọ ifo na omenala ndị mmadụ, nkọwa okwu, usoro okwu, na echiche mmadụ .

Andrew Pawley agụchaala akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nke Wayan ( asụsụ Oceanic nke Western Fiji ); na nke Kalam ( asusu Papuan nke Papua New Guinea ), na mmekorita ya na Ian Saem Majnep .

Kemgbe etiti afọ 1990, ya na Malcolm Ross na Meredith Osmond na-arụkọ ọrụ na *Oceanic Lexicon Project*, usoro encyclopedic nke na-eji ntụnyere okwu iji wughachi omenala na gburugburu ebe obibi nke ndị na-asụ Proto-Oceanic .  E bipụtara mpịakọta ise, na 1998, 2003, 2008, 2016.

## Mbipụta ndị dị mkpa
N'agbata afọ 1960 na 2010, Andrew Pawley bipụtara akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ 196: 

* Akwụkwọ iri abụọ na otu gbasara asụsụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị Polynesia ,
* 14 gbasara asụsụ Fijian na Rotuman ,
* 53 gbasara asụsụ Austronesian, ọkachasị asụsụ Oceanic, na akụkọ ihe mere eme omenala ha,
* 29 n'asụsụ Papua, gụnyere 19 n'asụsụ Kalam .
* 44 gbasara ụdị Bekee dị iche iche, mkparịta ụka na ihe omume bara uru ,
* 35 gbasara isiokwu dị iche iche.

N'ime ha, ihe kacha mkpa bụ:

* Pawley, Andrew. 1966. ''Nhazi nke ahịrịokwu Samoan: Usoro na Usoro nke Asụsụ Polynesian nke Ọdịda Anyanwụ'' . Bloomington: Nchekwa Mahadum Indiana nke Asụsụ nke Ụwa, 1966.
* Pawley, Andrew (ya na Malcolm Ross na Meredith Osmond, ndị nchịkọta akụkọ) *Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nke Proto Oceanic: Omenala na gburugburu ebe obibi nke ọha mmadụ Oceanic nna ochie* (5)&nbsp;mpịakọta). Canberra: Asụsụ Pacific.
* Pawley, Andrew (ya na Ralph Bulmer, site n'enyemaka nke John Kias, Simon Peter Gi na Ian Saem Majnep ) . 2011. ''Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nke Kalam nwere ihe ndetu gbasara ọdịbendị mmadụ'' . Canberra: Asụsụ Pacific.

## Ihe ndetu na ntụaka

### Ihe ndetu



### Edensibia

* 

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Theresa Onuorah

**Theresa Onuorah**  (amụrụ na 9 Jenụwarị 1942) bụ onye egwu na onye na-agba egwu na Naịjirịa, a maara ya maka nnukwu ọrụ ya na Egedege, ụdị egwu na egwu ọdịnala Igbo a ma ama. Ọ bụ onye guzobere Egedege Dance troupe nke Unubi .  N'ịbụ onye sitere na Unubi na Anambra Steeti, Naịjirịa, Onuorah nwetara nlebara anya ọhụrụ n'ọnwa Ọktoba 2021 na-esote ihe ngosi ya na abụ "Egedege" nke Larry Gaaga, n'akụkụ Flavour na Phyno.  

## Oge ọ malitere
A mụrụ Theresa Onuorah na 1942 na Unubi, obodo dị na Nnewi South Local Government Area nke Anambra State, Nigeria .  Nna ya bụ onye egwu 'Egwu Ekpili', a na-ekwukwa na ọ bụ ya kpaliri mmasị ya n'egwú. Onuorah malitere ime ihe nkiri mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ụma, na-aga obodo dị iche iche iji bụrụ abụ ma gbaa egwu na mmemme mpaghara. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 20, o guzobere aha dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri. A kọrọ na nraranye ya n'oge ọ bụ nwata n'egwú gbochiri ohere ya maka agụmakwụkwọ.

## Ọrụ
Onuorah malitere ọrụ egwu na ịgba egwu mgbe ọ dị obere, n'agbanyeghị na ọ wepụtara album mbụ ya mgbe ọ dị afọ 34 (ihe dị ka 1976). Some of her notable albums include Oba Egwu, Onwanwa mu na Chimo, and Ogene Ekwubego mu na Onye ga-agba Egwu. N'afọ 1985, o hiwere otu egwu egwu Egedege nke Unubi.  A na-ekwu na aha "Egedege" na-egosi ọganihu na obi ike na omenala Igbo.

A na-eji ngwá egwú ọdịnala Igbo dị ka udu na ekwe, ụdị ịgbà pụrụ iche, ụda oku na nzaghachi, na ịkọ akụkọ mara ụdị egwu ya. Ọ ghọrọ onye a ma ama na mmemme omenala niile dị na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Naịjirịa, gụnyere agbamakwụkwọ, ememme, na olili ozu. A na-eto Onuorah maka ịkwalite egwu na ịgba egwú Egedege, na-enye aka n'ịmata ya dị ka ụdị nka ọdịbendị Igbo dị mkpa.

## Nkọwapụta

### Abọm

* *Onye Akpala Aku Nnadi Ga Eli* (2019) 
* *Egedege* (2021) 

### Ndị na-alụbeghị di

* *Egedege* (2021) 
* *Egwú ndị Eze* (2017) 
* *Ugochi Nyerem* (2017) 
* *Ojemba Enwilo* (2017) 
* *Onwunwa Munachi* (2017) 
* *Ekene Dili Anambra Na Imo Medley*
* *Nye Bere* (2019) 
* *Onye Ejila Ihe Uwa Gwa Medley*
* *Ijerem Irue Medley*
* *Egedege* (nke Larry Gaaga gosipụtara, ya na Flavour, Phyno; Pete Edochie gosipụtakwara na vidiyo ahụ, 2021) 
* *Obodo* (nke Larry Gaaga gosipụtara, ya na Flavour na Phyno, 2024)  

## Hụkwa

* Egedege Dance

## Edemsibia

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Otú:Articles with hCards
Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata
Otú:Articles with short description
Mark Donohue (linguist)

**Mark Donohue** (amụrụ na 2 Juun 1967 na Portsmouth, United Kingdom) bụ ọkachamara asụsụ nke Britain na Australia.  Ọ na-akọwa nkọwa nke asụsụ Austronesian, Papuan, na Sino-Tibet .  

O nwetara nzere BA na asụsụ na Mahadum Mba Australia dị na Canberra.  Na 1996, ọ gbachitere akwụkwọ edemede doctoral ya nke akpọrọ *The Tukang Besi Language of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia* .  Site na 2009 ruo 2017, ọ bụ prọfesọ osote na Mahadum Mba Australia . Na 2017, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages . 

## Mbipụta

* *Bajau: Asụsụ Austronesian nke nwere usoro nha nhata* (1996) 
* *Sistemụ ụda olu na New Guinea* (1997)
* *Ụdịdị na mpaghara asụsụ* (2004)
* *Asụsụ Papuan nke Tambora* (2007)
* *A ụtọ ụtọ nke Tukang Besi* (2011)

## Edensibia

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Big FU

"**Big FU**" is a song by French DJ David Guetta, Nigerian singer Ayra Starr and American rapper Lil Durk. Ọ ruru ebe nke iri abụọ na atọ na Billboard U.S. Afrobeats Songs[1] na nke iri na asatọ na chaatị Top 40 nke New Zealand.

## Mmalite na ntọhapụ
A tọhapụrụ ụlọ ahụ, funk na Afro-Bato na-emetụta otu "Big FU"  ewepụtara ya na 27 Ọktoba 2023. David Guetta na Johnny Goldstein mepụtara ya. Okwu ahụ bụ "Big FU" na-anọchite anya mkpịsị aka etiti.   E wepụtara vidiyo egwu ahụ na 29 Nọvemba 2023. 

## Edemsibia
Ta-Arawakan

**Asụsụ Ta-[[Asụsụ Arawak|Arawak]]**, A makwaara ha dị ka Ta-Maipurean na Caribbean, bụ asụsụ Arawakan nke ndị obodo n'ụsọ oké osimiri Caribbean nke Central na South America. A na-amata ha site na prefix nke onye mbụ, n'adịghị ka Arawakan na-ahụkarị.

## Asụsụ
Kaufman (1994) na-enye nhazi nkebi ndị a:
 
Aikhenvald gbakwunyere Shebayo, nke Kaufman hapụrụ na-enweghị aha, ma wepụ Iñeri na Ta-Arawakan n'onwe ya:
 

## Asụsụ Mbụ
Nrụzigharị nke Proto-Lokono-Guajiro nke Captain (1991) chepụtara: 

## Edensibia
Hypé

"**Hypé**" bụ egwu Aya Nakamura. E wepụtara ya na Jenụwarị 26, 2024 site na Nakamura Industrie na Rec. 118. E wepụtara nke ya na Ayra Starr na 7 Maachị, 2024.

## Chaatị

### Chaatị kwa izu

### Chaatị ngwụcha afọ

## Edemsibia
Tessy Igomu

**Tessy Igomu** bụ onye nta akụkọ Naijiria na onye isi nke Investigation na akwụkwọ akụkọ The Punch .  N'afọ 2022, ọ ghọrọ nwanyị mbụ meriri West Africa Journalist of the Year 2022 na West Africa Media Excellence Conference and Awards (WAMECA).

## Ọrụ
Igomu malitere ọrụ nta akụkọ ya na The Sun Newspaper na 2007, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye nta akụkọ ma mechaa bụrụ onye enyemaka onye nchịkọta akụkọ. Na 2020, ọ sonyeere The Punch, na mbụ na-enye aka na Investigative Desk ma mechaa bụrụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka Punch Healthwise, ikpo okwu lekwasịrị anya na ahụike ọha na eze na mmepe n'ofe Afrịka. Ọrụ nyocha ya ebutela nnukwu mmetụta ọha na eze, gụnyere ịkwaga ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke ndị China nwere na Ogun State mgbe o kpughere mmetọ ya na obodo mpaghara.

## Onyinye na mmata
N'afọ 2022, a kwanyeere Igomu ùgwù dị ka onye nta akụkọ West Africa nke Afọ na West Africa Media Excellence Conference and Awards (WAMECA), na-aghọ nwanyị mbụ natara otuto a n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke onyinye ahụ. Akụkọ ya na-enweta ihe nrite gosipụtara ihe ize ndụ gburugburu ebe obibi na ahụike nke Yoyo Resources Recycling Limited na Orimerunmu, Ogun State. N'afọ 2024, Women in Journalism Africa họpụtara ya dị ka nwanyị nke asaa kachasị ike na ọrụ mgbasa ozi, na-egosi ọganihu site na ọnọdụ nke asatọ ya na 2023.

## Edemsibia


Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Simon Greenhill

**Simon James Greenhill** bụ ọkà mmụta sayensị New Zealand nke na-arụ ọrụ n'itinye usoro ọnụọgụgụ n'ọrụ n'ọmụmụ ihe gbasara evolushọn omenala na akụkọ ihe mere eme mmadụ tupu oge eruo. A maara ya nke ọma maka ịmepụta na iwulite ọtụtụ nchekwa data asụsụ, gụnyere Nchekwa Okwu Dị Mkpa nke Austronesian,   TransNewGuinea.org,  Pulotu,  na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. Na mgbakwunye na Austronesian, o tinyela aka na ọmụmụ nke usoro nke ọtụtụ ezinụlọ asụsụ, gụnyere Dravidian  na Sino-Tibetan. 

Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Auckland, Niu Ziland .  Aha akwụkwọ edemede doctoral ya nke afọ 2008 bụ *The Archives of history: a phylogenetic approach to study of language* . 

Greenhill bụ ugbu a ọkà mmụta sayensị nke jikọtara na Mahadum Mba Australia dị na Canberra, Australia, na Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History na Jena, Germany. 

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Official website
* Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database
* Trans-New Guinea Online
* POLLEX: Polynesian Lexicon Project Online
* Pulotu, Database of Pacific Religions
* Database of Places, Language, Culture and Environment (D-PLACE)

; Profaịlụ

* Mahadum Mba Australia
* Ọkà mmụta Google
* Ọnụ Ụzọ Nnyocha
Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Lisa Travis

**Lisa deMena Travis** bụ onye nchọpụta na onye nkuzi n'ihe gbasara asụsụ, ọkachamara n'ịkọwa okwu na ịmụ asụsụ ndị Austronesian dịka Malagasy na Tagalog . Ugbu a ọ bụ prọfesọ n'ihe gbasara asụsụ na Mahadum McGill .  Atụmatụ ya nke 1984  nke Isi Mgbanwe, nke na-achọ ịkọwa maka mmachi na mmegharị nke isi syntactic n'oge nhazi ajụjụ, aghọwo isi ihe dị mkpa nke asụsụ mmepụta . 

Lisa Travis bụ otu n'ime ndị guzobere Austronesian Formal Linguistics Association (AFLA), otu mmụta a ma ama nke na-enye ebe a na-eme nnyocha maka mmekorita ma na-agba ogbako kwa afọ.

Ndị otu nhazi nke Denis Villeneuve 's  gwara Travis okwu n'oge a na-ewu ebe ọrụ maka onye bụ isi, ọkachamara n'asụsụ. 

## Mbipụta
Lisa Travis enyela aka ma bụrụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ, akwụkwọ, na ihe omume ogbako n'ọhịa ahụ. Ụfọdụ ihe atụ ndị a ma ama gụnyere:

* "Akụkụ dị n'ime: nkọwa nke VP", 2010, Dordrecht: Springer
* "Ọmụmụ Asụsụ Austronesian na Theoretical", 2010, Amsterdam: John Benjamins (onye nchịkọta akụkọ, ya na Raphael Mercado, Eric Potsdam)
* "Bahasa Indonesia dị ka asụsụ predicate n'ihu", 2008, na *Lingua*, 18: 1583-1602
* "Ọdịdị olu na Malagasy dị ka Clitic Nkwụsị aka ekpe ma ọ bụ site na enyo anya: Malagasy na Wonderland", 2006. Na Hans-Martin Gärtner, Paul Law, Joachim Sabel, ndị editọ, *Usoro na Njikọta nke Okwu n'asụsụ Austronesian*, 281-318. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
* "Nsogbu ndị e dere n'akwụkwọ na asụsụ Austronesian *"*, 2000, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers (onye nchịkọta akụkọ, ya na I. Paul na V. Phillips)

## Ihe ndetu

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ