open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Asụsụ Minyanka

***'Minya***' (nke a makwaara dị ka **Mamara**, **Miniyanka**, Minya, **Mianka**, **Minianka**, ma ọ bụ **Tupiire**) bụ asụsụ Senuufo nke dị n'ebe ugwu nke ihe dị ka mmadụ 750,000 na-asụ na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Mali. Ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na Supyire. Minyanka bụ otu n'ime Asụsụ mba Mali.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụ okwu

* A na-anụkarị fricative pharyngeal mgbe ọ dị n'etiti ụdaume, ma ọ bụ dị ka allophone nke /ɡ/ mgbe ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ intervocalic.
*  na-anụ ụda olu [h, ɦ] naanị n'asụsụ Bla, kama ụda olu /k͡p, ɡ͡b, ŋ͡m/ .
*  pụkwara ịnụ ụda /k, ɡ/ dị ka fricatives [x, ɣ] mgbe ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ intervocalic.

### Mkpụrụedemede

* A pụkwara ịnụ /u/ dị ka [y] mgbe ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ /j/.
* A pụkwara ịnụ /o/ dị ka [œ] mgbe ọ na-esote /ʔ/.

## Hụkwa

* Asụsụ Senufo

## Edensibia
ọ dị, ọ bụ ezie na Ampari ghọtara Mombo, nke a yiri ka ọ bụ n'ihi na ha na-eleta mpaghara ahụ kwa afọ, ndị Mombo enweghịkwa ike ịghọta Ampari.

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* Dombrowsky-Hahn, Klaudia (ed. site na Miehe, Gudrun; Reineke, Brigitte; Roncador, Manfred von) (1999) Ihe omuma nke njikọ n'etiti asụsụ Minyanka na Bambara (South Mali). Köln: Rüdiger Köppe.
* Prost, André (1964) Enyemaka na ọmụmụ asụsụ Voltaique. Dakar: Institut Francophone de l'Afrique Noire.

## Njikọ mpụga

* Minyanka-French-Bambara-English Dictionary iji lelee n'ịntanetị ma ọ bụ nbudata, site na Association for the Promotion of the Mamara language, Koutiala, Mali.
* Ihe onwunwe na Mamara site na SIL Mali
* PanAfrican L10n peeji na Suppire/Minianka
Asụsụ Kita Maninka

**Kita Maninkakan**, ma ọ bụ **Central [[Mali]]**, bụ asụsụ Manding nke ihe dị ka otu nde mmadụ na-asụ na Mali, ebe ọ bụ asụsụ mba. Ihe dị ka 10% bụ agbụrụ Fula.

Ụdị Kagoro bụ 86% yiri ya dịka Ethnologue si kwuo, a na-ejikwa Bambara dochie ya.

## Edensibia
nke gbasara n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Gao, nye Ndị Fula bi n'ókè Mali-Niger na Ndị Bozo nke Osimiri Niger. N'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Timbuktu, Koyra
Nwa nwanne nne!

***Nwa nwanne nne!***  (: Salut cousin!) bụ Ihe nkiri na-atọ ọchị nke Algeria nke Merzak Allouache duziri na 1996.  họọrọ ihe nkiri ahụ dị ka ntinye Algeria maka Best Foreign Language Film na 69th Academy Awards, mana anabataghị ya dị ka onye a họpụtara.

## Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri

* Gad Elmaleh dị ka Alilo
* Messaoud Hattau dị ka Mok (dị ka Mess Hattou) 
* Magaly Berdy dị ka Fatoumata
* Ann-Gisel Glass dị ka Laurence
* Jean Benguigui dị ka Maurice
* Xavier Maly dị ka Claude

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta nke ntinye na 69th Academy Awards maka Best Foreign Language Film
* Ndepụta nke Algeria maka onyinye Academy maka Best Foreign Language Film

## Edensibia
ọ dị, ọ bụ ezie na Ampari ghọtara Mombo, nke a yiri ka ọ bụ n'ihi na ha na-eleta mpaghara ahụ kwa afọ, ndị Mombo enweghịkwa ike ịghọta Ampari.

## Njikọ mpụga
Nwanyị Obi Ike

Madame Courage bụ Ihe nkiri Algeria-French nke afọ 2015 nke Merzak Allouache mepụtara, dee ma duzie.  gosipụtara ya na asọmpi na Mbipụta nke 72 nke Venice Film Festival . 

## Atụmatụ

## Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri

* Adlane Djemil dị ka Omar
* Lamia Bezoiui dị ka Selma
* Leila Tilmatine dị ka Sabrina
* Faidhi Zohra dị ka Zhoubida

## Edensibia


## Njikọ mpụga

* 
* :fr:Adlane Djemil
Asụsụ Koyra Chiini

**Koyra Chiini** ([kojra tʃiːni], n'ụzọ ihe atụ "asụsụ obodo"), ma ọ bụ **Western Songhay**, bụ onye otu Asụsụ Songhay nke ihe dị ka mmadụ 200,000 na-asụ na Mali (na 1999) n'akụkụ Osimiri Niger na Timbuktu na n'elu ya n'obodo Diré, Tonka, Goundam na Niafunké yana n'obodo Sahara nke Araouane n'ebe ugwu ya. N'ógbè a, Koyra Chiini bụ asụsụ kachasị na lingua franca, ọ bụ ezie na a na-ahụ ndị ka nta na-asụ Hassaniya Arabic, Tamasheq na Fulfulde. **Djenné Chiini** [dʒɛnɛː tʃiːni], olumba a na-asụ na Djenné, bụ nke a na-aghọta, mana o nwere ọdịiche dị ịrịba ama, ọkachasị ụdaume abụọ ọzọ ( na ) na ọdịiche dị iche iche metụtara ilekwasị anya.

N'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Timbuktu, Koyra Chiini na-enye ohere na mberede maka asụsụ Songhay ọzọ, Koyraboro Senni.

N'adịghị ka ọtụtụ asụsụ Songhai, Koyra Chiini enweghị Ụda ụdaolu ma nwee usoro okwu isiokwu-okwu-ihe kama isiokwu-ihe-okwu.  gbanwere Songhay *z* mbụ ka ọ bụrụ *j*.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

Mkpụrụedemede niile nwere ụdaume  ogologo.

## Edensibia
nke gbasara n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Gao, nye Ndị Fula bi n'ókè Mali-Niger na Ndị Bozo nke Osimiri Niger. N'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Timbuktu, Koyra

* ed. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] *Ihe odide na Koyra Chiini Songhay nke Timbuktu, Mali*. Onye Ruediger Koeppe   ISBN .&nbsp;
* Jeffrey Heath, Dictionnaire Songhay-English-French: Mpịakọta 1 - Koyra Chiini, ma ọ bụ "songhay nke Timbuktu", Mpịakọrọ 2 - Djenné Chiini, ọ bụ "Songhay nke Djenné". L'Harmattan: Paris 1998.   ISBN .&nbsp;
Ishaq Sidi Ishaq

**Ishaq Sidi Ishaq** bụ onye Naijiria na-eme ihe nkiri, onye nduzi, onye nta akụkọ ihe nkiri / ihe nkiri,  onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri,  na onye na-ede ihe nkiri bụ onye ọsụ ụzọ na Ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri Hausa na Naijiria.  họpụtara ya dị ka onye isi enyemaka pụrụ iche nke Gọọmentị Steeti Kano nye Gọvanọ Ukwu nke Kano Steeti na Creative Industries na Mee 2021.

## Edensibia
họpụtara ya dị ka onye isi enyemaka pụrụ iche nke Gọọmentị Steeti Kano nye Gọvanọ Ukwu nke Kano Steeti na Creative Industries na

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ishaq Sidi IshaqnaInstagram
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Asụsụ Cebaara

**Cebaara** (**Tyebala**), otu n'ime ụyọkọ asụsụ a na-akpọ **[[Asụsụ Senari|Senari]]**, bụ Asụsụ Senufo, nke otu nde mmadụ na-asụ na Ivory Coast.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
Cebaara nwere ndepụta ụda ndị a: 

### Mkpụrụ okwu

* /b/ nwere ike ịnụ dị ka ụda olu [β] mgbe ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ intervocalic.
* Nkwụsị na-enweghị olu /p, t/ nwere ike ịpụta dị ka a na-ekwukarị obere tupu /i/ dị ka
* /s/ nwere ike ịbụ palatalized n'ihu /i/, ma nwee ike ịmata ya dị ka post-alveolar fricative [ʃ] n'ihu ụdaume ọzọ na /siV/ ọnọdụ.
* A pụkwara ịnụ ụda olu /c, ɟ/ dị ka ụda [t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ] n'ime ọdịiche n'efu.
*  pụkwara ịnụ /ŋ/ dị ka post-nasal [ɡ ̃] n'ime ọnọdụ ikpeazụ nke okwu.

### Mkpụrụedemede

* Enwere ike ịghọta ụdaume /e, o/ dị ka [ɪ, ʊ] mgbe ọ dị mkpirikpi.

## Edensibia
na-eme ihe nkiri bụ  dị ka onye na-eme egwuregwu Chouchou, nke a họpụtara ya maka César Award maka onye na-ese ihe nkiri kacha mma.
Asụsụ Central Teke

**Central Teke** bụ onye otu Asụsụ Teke nke ala dị larịị nke Congo. Asụsụ Central *Lee:* bụ Ngungwel na Mpu (Mpumpum), Boo (Boma, *Eboo* - cf. Asụsụ Boma), na Nzikou (Njyunjyu / Ndzindziu).  A na-asụ ha na mpaghara Malebo Pool nke Republic of Congo, na ọnụ ọgụgụ a na-amaghị ama nke ndị na-asụrụ Boo na DRC.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụ okwu

* A na-anụ /h/ naanị n'asụsụ Nzikou.

### Mkpụrụedemede

* /u/ mgbe ọ na-ebute /j/ n'ihu ka a na-anụ dị ka [ʉ], na mgbe ọ na -w/ na-anụ ka [y] .

## Edensibia
na-eme ihe nkiri bụ Gad Elmaleh dị ka onye na-eme egwuregwu Chouchou, nke a họpụtara ya maka César Award maka onye na-ese ihe nkiri kacha mma.
Enweghị aha (ihe nkiri 2021)

(aha French: Les anonymes) bụ ihe nkiri ihe nkiri nke Rwandan nke 2021 nke Mutiganda Wa Nkunda duziri na nke mbụ ya.   gosipụtara ihe nkiri ahụ na mbipụta nke 27 nke FESPACO, ebe ọ meriri ihe nrite maka Best Scenario.  sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke mpụ na-enweghị isi nke Nkunda hụrụ na Kigali, na ihe nkiri Ken Loach nke 1966 bụ Cathy Come Home . [1]

## Nkọwa
 
Ihe nkiri ahụ dabeere  ihe ndị mere n'ezie na ndụ siri ike nke ụmụ okorobịa abụọ si Kigali, na ọdachi ha mere n'ime ihe ike.

## Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri

* Yves Kijyana (dị ka Philibert) 
* Nkịta Mukeshimana (dị ka Kathy) 

## Edensibia
na-eme ihe nkiri bụ
ị ka onye na-eme egwuregwu Chouchou, nke a họpụtara ya maka César Award maka onye na-ese ihe nkiri kacha mma.

*
Pidgin Wolof

**Pidgin Wolof** bụ Asụsụ pidgin nke dabeere na Wolof, nke a na-asụ na Gambia.

mere ka ojiji nke Dyula na Ivory Coast dịkwuo elu n'ihi mkpa nke asụsụ. Ọtụtụ ndị
Chouchou (ihe nkiri)

***Chouchou*** bụ Ihe nkiri na-atọ ọchị nke France nke afọ 2003 banyere nwoke maghrebin nke biri na Paris ịchọta nwa nwanne ya nwoke. Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri bụ Gad Elmaleh dị ka onye na-eme egwuregwu Chouchou, nke a họpụtara ya maka César Award maka onye na-ese ihe nkiri kacha mma.

## Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri

* Gad Elmaleh: Chouchou 
* Alain Chabat: Stanislas 
* Claude Brasseur: Nna Léon 
* Roschdy Zem: Nwanne Jean 
* Catherine Frot: Nicole Milovavovich 
* Julien Courbey: Yekea 
* Catherine Hosmalin: Oriakụ Armand 
* Micheline Presle: Nne Stanislas 
* Jacques Sereys: Nna Stanislas 
* Arié Elmaleh: Vanessa 
* Yacine Mesbah: Djamila 
* Jean-Paul Comart: Inspector Molino 
* Anne Marivin: Onye na-ere ahịa 

## Ihe odide
na-eme ihe nkiri bụ Gad Elmaleh dị ka onye na-eme egwuregwu Chouchou, nke a họpụtara ya maka César Award maka onye na-ese ihe nkiri kacha mma.

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
* ChouchounaAllMovie
* ''Chouchou'' na AlloCiné
Asụsụ Kobiana

Pine, Darwin, Independence, na Lone Pine na California na obodo Beatty na Nevada. Ọ bụkwa asụsụ a na-asụ n'ebe bụbu Indian Ranch reservation na Panamint Valley.

**Kobiana** (Cobiana) ma ọ bụ Buy (Uboi) bụ Asụsụ Senegambia a na-asụ n'ọtụtụ obodo **Zụta** nke Senegal na Guinea-Bissau. Ndị na-asụ ya na-akpọ asụsụ ahụ *gu-boy*. Ndị -ekwu okwu na-agagharị na Mandinka.

## Edensibia
Burkinabe mụtara Dyula mgbe ha nọ na Ivory Coast ma gbasaa ya n'ụlọ. , 61% nke ndị bi na Ivory Coast na ihe dị ka 3
Asụsụ Lukpa

nke Jola n'onwe ya na ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ Central Jola anaghị aghọta ibe ha. Ụdị ndị bụ isi bụ:
**Lukpa** (Legba, Logba) bụ Asụsụ Gur a na-asụ na Benin na Togo. Ọ bụ Ndị Yoa-Lokpa na-asụ ya.

## Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ

## Edensibia
Burkinabe mụtara Dyula mgbe ha nọ na Ivory Coast ma gbasaa ya n'ụlọ. , 61% nke ndị bi na Ivory Coast na ihe dị ka 35% nke Burkinabe na-eji Dyula eme ihe ma ọ dịkarịa ala ruo n'ókè

## Ebe e si nweta ya

*
Asụsụ Jola

**Jola** (Joola) ma ọ bụ **Diola** bụ asụsụ na-aga n'ihu na Senegal, Gambia, na Guinea-Bissau. Ọ bụ nke Alaka Bak nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Niger-Congo.

## Aha ya
 *Jola* bụ exonym, ma nwee ike isite na okwu Mandinka *joolaa* 'onye na-akwụghachi ụgwọ'. Enweghị endonym zuru oke nke ndị niile na-asụ Jola na-eji.

## Asụsụ
Alaka ndị bụ isi nke Jola n'onwe ya na ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ Central Jola anaghị aghọta ibe ha. Ụdị ndị bụ isi bụ:

* Bayot
* Jola n'onwe ya
** Kwatay (Kuwaataay), nke a na-asụ n'ụsọ oké osimiri ndịda nke Osimiri Casamance.
** Karon-Mlomp
*** Karon, nke a na-asụ n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Casamance n'ebe ndịda Diouloulou.
*** Mlomp
** Central Jola
*** Jola-Fonyi (Kujamatay), nke a na-asụ gburugburu Bignona. Ụkpụrụ gọọmentị.
*** Bandial, nke a na-asụ n'obere ebe dị n'ebe ndịda Osimiri Casamance.
*** Gusilay, nke a na-asụ n'obodo Thionck Essyl.
*** Jola-Felupe (Ediamat), nke a na-asụ n'obodo nta ole na ole dị n'ebe ndịda Oussouye na Ngalaba Oussouye. Kerak nwere ike ịbụ olumba.
*** (Jola) Kasa, nke a na-asụ gburugburu Oussouye.

### Bayot
Bayot, nke a na-asụ gburugburu Ziguinchor, bụ Jola na ụtọ asụsụ, ma e wezụga usoro nnọchiaha na-abụghị Jola. Otú ọ dị, ikekwe ọkara okwu ya bụ ndị na-abụghị Jola na ọbụna ndị na-adịghị Atlantic. Ya mere, ọ nwere ike ịbụ asụsụ dịpụrụ adịpụ nke nwere nnukwu mgbazinye Jola (relexification). N'ọnọdụ ọ bụla, Bayot dị iche na asụsụ Jola (ndị ọzọ).

## Ihe owuwu
Ụfọdụ n'ime nrụzigharị Proto-Joola nke mgbọrọgwụ okwu kwụsiri ike site na Segerer (2016) bụ: 

## Edensibia
nke Jola n'onwe ya na ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ Central Jola anaghị aghọta ibe ha. Ụdị ndị bụ isi bụ:

## Njikọ mpụga

* Akụkọ ọdịnala na asụsụ Kujamaat Jóola
Asụsụ Kasanga

**Kasanga** (Cassanga) ma ọ bụ *Haal* bụ Asụsụ Senegambia a na-asụkarị n'obodo nta ole na ole nke Guinea-Bissau. Ndị na-asụ ya na-akpọ asụsụ ahụ *gu-haaca*. Ndị -ekwu okwu na-agagharị na Mandinka.

## Edensibia
nke Jola n'onwe ya na ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ Central Jola anaghị aghọta ibe ha. Ụdị ndị bụ isi bụ:
Asụsụ Kamakã

**Asụsụ Kamakã** bụ obere ezinụlọ nke Asụsụ Macro-Jê nke Bahía, n'ebe ugwu Ọwara anyanwụ Brazil. Asụsụ Kamakã ndị a kwadoro bụ:

* (n'ebe ugwu) Kamakã (asụsụ: Mongoyó/Mangaló), Kotoxó, Menien
* (n'ebe ndịda) Masakará

## Ụdị dị iche iche

### Loukotka (1968)
'okpuru ebe a bụ ndepụta zuru ezu nke asụsụ Kamakã na olumba ndị Loukotka depụtara (1968), gụnyere aha nke ụdị dị iche iche a na-edeghị aha ha.

; Ndịda

* **Kamakán** / **Ezeshio** - a na-asụbu ya na Osimiri Ilheus, Osimiri De Contas na Osimiri Pardo, steeti Bahia.
* **Mangalo** / Mongoyo / **Monshoko** - asụsụ na-adịghịzi adị nke a na-asụbu na ala Osimiri Pardo dị nso n'ókè nke Bahia na Minas Gerais.
* **Kutasho** / **Cotoxo** / **Catathoy** - a na-asụbu ya n'etiti Osimiri Pardo na Osimiri De Contas.
* **Menien** / **Manyã** - a na-asụbu ya na isi iyi nke Osimiri Jequitinhonha.
* **Dendi** - a na-asụbu ya na Serra Geral de Condeúba, mpaghara ókèala dị n'etiti steeti Bahia na Minas Gerais.  (Ọ bụghị ihe akaebe) 
* Catolé - a na-asụbu ya na steeti Minas Gerais na ndagwurugwu nke Osimiri Pardo na Osimiri Verde.  (Ọ bụghị ihe akaebe) 
* Imboré / **Amboré** - a na-asụbu ya na isi iyi nke Osimiri Gongogi, steeti Bahia.  (Ọ bụghị ihe akaebe) 
* **Piripiri** - a na-asụbu ya na steeti Minas Gerais na ndagwurugwu nke Osimiri Verde na Osimiri Gorutuba.  (Ọ bụghị ihe akaebe) 
* **Payaya** - a na-asụbu ya na Osimiri Camamu, Bahia steeti.  (Ọ bụghị ihe akaebe) 

### Mason (1950)
Ụdị Camacán (Kamakán) nke Mason depụtara (1950):

* Camacan (Kamakán) 
** Mongoyó
** Monshocó (Ezeshio) 
* Cutashó (Kotoxó) 
** Katethoy (Katathoy) 
* Menian (Manyá) 
* Masacará

## Nchịkọta

### Martins (2007)
Nchịkọta dị n'ime asụsụ Kamakã site na Martins (2007): 

; Kamakã

* Masakará
* (alaka isi) 
** Kamakã
** Menien
** Kotoxó, Mongoyó

Masakará bụ asụsụ kachasị dị iche iche.

### Ramirez (2015)
Nchịkọta dị n'ime asụsụ Kamakã dị ka Ramirez, et al. (2015) si kwuo: 

* Masakará
* Kamakã n'onwe ya
** Menien
** Kamakã (gụnyere Kotoxó, Mongoyó, Monxokó, Katatoi, wdg) 

### Nikulin (2020)
Nchịkọta dị n'ime asụsụ Kamakã dị ka Nikulin si kwuo (2020): 

* Masakará
* Ndịda Kamakã
** Menien
** Kamakã; Kotoxó/Mongoyó

## Okwu
Loukotka (1968) depụtara ihe ndị dị mkpa na-esonụ. 

## Asụsụ Mbụ
 
Nrụzigharị Proto-Kamakã site na Martins (2007): 

## Edensibia
Asụsụ Notsi

Notsi bụ Asụsụ Austronesian nke a na-asụ n'obodo asaa dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri ọwụwa anyanwụ nke New Ireland, Papua New Guinea n'etiti Kavieng na Namatanai. Asụsụ Nalik bụ asụsụ agbata obi n'ebe ugwu ma gbasaa n'etiti obodo nta ndị na-asụ asụsụ Kuot.

## Edensibia
anyanwụ nke New Ireland, Papua New Guinea n'etiti Kavieng na Namatanai. Asụsụ Nalik bụ asụ
Asụsụ Efutu

**Awutu** bụ Asụsụ Guang nke mmadụ 180,000 na-asụ n'ụsọ oké osimiri Ghana.

*Awutu* bụ isi olumba. Abụọ ndị ọzọ bụ *Efutu* na *Senya*.

## Edensibia
anyanwụ nke New Ireland, Papua New Guinea n'etiti Kavieng na Namatanai. Asụsụ Nalik bụ asụ
Asụsụ Avatime

Avatime, nke a makwaara dị ka Afatime, Sideme, ma ọ bụ **Sia**, bụ Asụsụ Kwa nke Avatime (aha onwe onye: Kedone (m.sg.)) ndị ọwụwa anyanwụ Ghana. Ndị Avatime bi n'obodo asaa na obodo nta nke Amedzofe, Vane, Gbadzeme, Dzokpe, Biakpa, Dzogbefeme, na Fume.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
Avatime bụ asụsụ ụdaolu nwere ụdaolu atọ, nwere nkwekọrịta ụdaume, a na-ekwukwa na ọ nwere fricatives abụọ.

### Mkpụrụedemede
Avatime nwere ụdaume itoolu, , ọ bụ ezie na a leghaara ụdaume  anya n'ọtụtụ nkọwa nke asụsụ ahụ. Ọ bụghị ihe doro anya ma ọ bụrụ na ọdịiche dị n'etiti // na  bụ otu n'ime mgbọrọgwụ ire dị elu na nke a tụgharịrị azụ (mgbatị akpịrị), dịka n'ọtụtụ asụsụ nke Ghana, ma ọ bụ nke ịdị elu ụdaume: akụkụ ụdaume dị iche iche na-akwado nyocha dị iche iche. [Ihe odide ala peeji ]

Avatime nwere nkwekọrịta ụdaume. Mgbọrọgwụ ọtụtụ anaghị agwakọta ụdaume nke // na nkwekọrịta  setịpụrụ, na prefixes na-agbanwe ụdaume iji kwekọọ na ụdaume nke mgbọrọgwụ ahụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, otu nwoke na nwanyị bụ , na ọtụtụ mmadụ bụ /a ~ e/:  "onye ohi",  "nna";  ""ndị ohi",  ""ndịrị"; kwa  "aṅụ" mana  "chi". [Ihe odide ala peeji ]

Mkpụrụedemede nwere ike ịdị ogologo ma ọ bụ dị mkpụmkpụ. Ihe ndekọ sitere na 1910 [nkọwa dị mkpa] gosiri na enwere ike ịmegharị ụdaume niile, mana nke ahụ na-apụ n'anya, na okwu ole na ole nwere ụdaume imi fọdụrụ na njedebe nke narị afọ. 

### Mkpụrụ okwu

A na-ahụ  na mgbazinye ego Ewe, dị ka /kw/, nke a pụrụ ịhụ dị iche na /kw/ (nke ụdaume ọzọ na-enweghị ike ịgbaso) na mgbazinye okwu  "ụgbọ mmiri".

 na-azọrọ na asụsụ ahụ nwere fricatives abụọ /x͡ Islam ɣ͡β/. Otú  dị, dị ka ọ dị na nkwupụta yiri nke ahụ maka Swedish, nkwonkwo egbugbere ọnụ anaghị ejikọta, ndị a bụ n'ezie velars labialized, . Ihe niile na-eme ka ihe na-adịghị ike, ma dị nso na [ hw ɦw].

Africates dịgasị iche n'etiti  na [t͡ʃ], [dēʒ], nke nwere ike ịbụ ọdịiche ọgbọ.

### Phonotactics
Mkpụrụ okwu bụ V, CV, CGV, na N: Avatime na-enye ohere ụyọkọ consonant-approximant, ebe approximant nwere ike ịbụ . E nwekwara syllabic nasal, nke na-ewere ụda nke ya:  "ọtụtụ".

## Ihe Odide


## Edensibia
Dixon & Kroeber, dabere n'ụzọ ka ukwuu na njirimara ndị a na-ekerịta ma ọ bụghị usoro a na-ejikarị achọpụta mmekọrịta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe
Asụsụ Mbowe

**Mbowe** (*Esimbowe* ) bụ Asụsụ Bantu nke Zambia. 

(2009) depụtara K.321 Mbume na K.322 Liyuwa dị ka asụsụ dị iche iche ma nwee njikọ chiri anya. E kewapụtara Mbowe dị ka olumba nke Asụsụ Luyana dị iche iche.

## Edensibia
asụsụ dị iche iche ma nwee njikọ chiri anya. E kewapụtara Mbowe dị ka olumba nke Asụsụ Luyana dị iche

## Njikọ mpụga
Asụsụ Bamu

**Bamu**, ma ọ bụ **Bamu Kiwai**, bụ Asụsụ Papua nke ndịda Papua New Guinea.

A na-etinye otu puku ndị na-ekwu okwu *Gamma* na koodu ISO maka Bamu. Otú ọ dị, Ethnologue na-ekwu na ọdịdị okwu yiri ibe ya dị n'okpuru 80% na asụsụ Bamu kacha yie ya.

## Asụsụ
Asụsụ ndị a bụ: 

* Gamma
* Bamu nke Dị Ala
* Sisiame ( 143°34′14′′E / 8.104866°S 143.570587°E / -8.104866; 143.590587 (Sisiami No. 1)) 
* Upper Bamu (Middle Bamu) 
* Nuhiro

## Edensibia
maka Bamu. Otú ọ dị, Ethnologue na-ekwu na ọdịdị okwu yiri ibe ya dị n'okpuru 80% na asụsụ
Dan Mindel

**Ivor Daniel Mindel**, ASC, BSC, SASC (amụrụ na 27 Mee 1958) bụ Onye na-ese ihe nkiri na South Africa-America  nke a maara nke ọma maka ọrụ ya na ihe nkiri dị egwu dịka Enemy of the State, Mission: Impossible III, *Star Trek*, Star Trek Into Darkness, Star Wars: The Force Awakens, na Star Wars: Rise of Skywalker, na-arụkọ ọrụ na ndị nduzi dị ka Tony Scott na J. J. Abrams.

## Ndụ na ọrụ
A mụrụ Mindel na Johannesburg  ma gụọ akwụkwọ na Australia na Britain. Ọ malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-etinye igwefoto tupu ọ ghọọ onye na-ebunye clapper na onye na-enyere Onye na-ese foto aka na ihe nkiri John Boorman nke afọ 1985, The Emerald Forest, n'okpuru onye na-eme ihe nkiri na French Philippe Rousselot. 'oge na-adịghị anya ọ kwagara na United States wee malite ịrụ ọrụ na mgbasa ozi maka Ridley na Tony Scott, n'etiti ọtụtụ ndị nduzi ndị ọzọ.

N'ime afọ ndị 1990, Mindel rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese foto ma ọ bụ onye na-ewere foto na ihe nkiri ndị Tony Scott ma ọ bụ Ridley Scott duziri, gụnyere Thelma & Louise na Crimson Tide. N'afọ 1997, e kenyere Mindel dị ka onye nduzi Nke abụọ nke foto na Ridley Scott's *G.I. Jane*. Nke a meghere ụzọ maka Mindel ka ọ bụrụ onye nduzi foto na ihe nkiri egwu Tony Scott nke afọ 1998, Enemy of the State .

Mindel gara n'ihu na-eje ozi dị ka onye nduzi foto maka ihe nkiri dịka Shanghai Noon, Stuck on You, The Skeleton Key, *John Carter*, na Tony Scott's Spy Game na *Domino*. O mekwara foto ndị ọzọ maka ihe nkiri The Bourne Identity na Lions for Lambs .

Onye nduzi J. J. Abrams họọrọ Mindel ka ọ bụrụ onye nduzi foto na 2006's Mission: Impossible III. Mindel so Abrams rụkọọ ọrụ ọzọ dị ka onye na-ese ihe nkiri nke *Star Trek* nke 2009 na ihe na-eso ya, Star Trek Into Darkness . 

Mindel bụ onye nduzi foto na Star Wars: The Force Awakens, nke a tọhapụrụ na Disemba 18, 2015.  mechara mara ọkwa na ọ ga-alaghachi na franchise na Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker, [1] nke Abrams duziri, nke malitere ime ihe nkiri na August 1, 2018 na Pinewood Studios. [2]

Afọ atọ mgbe a tọhapụrụ The Rise of Skywalker, Mindel rụrụ ọrụ na foto ndị ọzọ maka ihe nkiri Marvel Studios Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness na Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania.

## Ụdị ejiji
Ọrụ ya na-egosipụtakarị mmegharị igwefoto dị iche iche site na iji igwefoto na-agbagharị agbagharị, yana ịgbapụ na usoro Panavision anamorphic na ihe nkiri mebere emepe.

## Ndụ onwe onye
Mindel lụrụ Lisa Fallon Mindel ma nwee ụmụ anọ, Samuel, Eden, Molly na Lily.

## Ihe nkiri
**Ihe nkiri ndị dị mkpirikpi**

**Telivishọn**

**Ọrụ ndị ọzọ**

## Edensibia
Mindel dị ka onye nduzi Nke abụọ nke foto na Ridley Scott's G.I. Jane. Nke a meghere ụzọ maka Mindel ka ọ bụrụ onye nduzi

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ted Moore

**Ted Moore**, BSC (7 August 1914 - 1987) bụ Onye na-ese ihe nkiri na South Africa-British nke a maara maka ọrụ ya na ihe nkiri James Bond asaa na mmalite afọ 1970. O meriri Academy Award maka Best Cinematography maka ọrụ ya na Fred Zinnemann's A Man for All Seasons, na abụọ BAFTA Awards maka Best Cinemography maka A Man for all Seasons na From Russia with Love.

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ ya na South Africa, Moore kwagara Great Britain mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Royal Air Force n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. Dị ka onye na-anya ụgbọelu ruru eru, ọ na-efe dị ka onye na'ihe nkiri na DH Mosquitoes na "Pinewood Military Film Unit" na-ese ihe nkiri ọrụ bọmbụ ya. N'oge agha ahụ, ọ sonyeere ndị na-eme ihe nkiri wee malite ịkpụcha ọrụ ya.

Mgbe ọ rụchara ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese foto na ihe nkiri ndị dị ka The African Queen, na Irving Allen na Albert R. Broccoli's Warwick Films The Red Beret, Hell Below Zero, na The Black Knight, e nyere ya ọrụ ihe nkiri maka High Flight nke 1956, nke dị n'etiti ihe a maara nke ọma maka Moore, Royal Air Force.

Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ihe nkiri Warwick ndị ọzọ, dị ka Cockleshell Heroes, *Zarak*, Johnny Nobody na No Time to Die yana mmepụta ya dị elu na 1960 The Trials of Oscar Wilde .

N'afọ 1962, Broccoli na onye nduzi Terence Young họọrọ ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe nkiri maka mgbanwe nke Ian Fleming's Dr. No. Moore mere ihe nkiri Bond isii ọzọ; From Russia with Love (nke o ritere ihe nrite BAFTA), Goldfinger, na Thunderball. Moore jikwa foto Eon Productions *Kpọọ m Bwana*, mgbe Sean Connery hapụrụ usoro ihe nkiri ahụ, Moore bụ onye na-ese ihe nkiri na *Shalako*. Ọ laghachiri na Eon Productions maka *Diamonds Are Forever*,  Live and Let Die, na akụkụ nke The Man with the Golden Gun, nke Oswald Morris nọchiri ya n'ihi ọrịa. 

Na mgbakwunye, Moore meriri BAFTA na Oscar maka ọrụ igwefoto ya maka A Man for All Seasons, na-aghọ onye South Africa mbụ meriri Academy Award.   Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na The Day of the Triffids, The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie, The Golden Voyage of Sinbad, *Orca*, na Clash of the Titans.

## Ihe nkiri
 

## Onyinye na nhọpụta
**Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences**

* Ihe nkiri kacha mma
**  (mmeri) 

**British Academy of Film and Television Arts**

* Ihe nkiri kacha mma
**  (mmeri) 
**  (mmeri) 

**British Society of Cinematographers**

* Ihe nkiri kacha mma
**  (mmeri) 

## Edensibia
egwu dịka Enemy of the State, Mission: Impossible III, *[[Star Trek (ihe nkiri)|Star Trek]]*, Star Trek Into Darkness, Star Wars: The Force Awakens, na Star Wars: Rise of Skywalker, na-arụkọ ọrụ na ndị nduzi dị ka Tony Scott na J. J. Abrams.2. "Mosquitopanik!", Pen and Sword, London (2004), peeji nke 65-66.&nbsp;

## Njikọ mpụga

*
Asụsụ Animere

**Animere** (mgbe ụfọdụ *Anyimere* ma ọ bụ *Kunda*, nke ikpeazụ bụ aha obodo) bụ asụsụ a na-asụ na Ghana, n'ime obodo Kecheibe na Kunda nke ndị *Benimbere*. Ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na Kebu ma ọ bụ Akebu nke Togo. Ha abụọ bụ asụsụ Ghana Togo Mountain (GTM), nke Heine (1968) kewara dị ka ndị otu Ka-Togo. Dị ka ọtụtụ asụsụ GTM ndị ọzọ, Animere bụ asụsụ aha.

Animere bụ asụsụ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke a na-adịghịzi enyefe ụmụaka; ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-ekwu okwu bụ ihe dịka 30 (Blench 2006).  Laa azụ  1965 Adele, asụsụ GTM ọzọ, bụ asụsụ kachasị n'etiti ọgbọ ndị na-eto eto na mpaghara Animere, ọ bụkwa naanị ndị agadi na-asụ Animere n'etiti onwe ha, na-eduga Heine (1968) ịtụ anya na 'asụsụ ahụ ga-apụ n'anya n'ime iri afọ ole na ole'. Ihe ọmụma nke Twi, asụsụ mpaghara kachasị, dịkwa n'etiti Benimbere.

## Ihe edeturu n'okpuru ala
maka atụmatụ ahụ.  Nchịkọta ahụ, dị ka ọtụtụ n'ime atụmatụ phylum ndị ọzọ nke Dixon & Kroeber, dabere n'ụzọ ka ukwuu na njirimara ndị a na-ekerịta ma ọ bụghị usoro a na-ejikarị achọpụta mmekọrịta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe

## Edensibia

* Bodomo, Adams B. (1996) 'On Language And Development In Africa: The Case of Ghana', Nordic Journal of African Studies, 5, 2, 31-51.
* Heine, Bernd (1968) Die Verbreitung und Gliedering der Togorestsprachen (Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik mpịakọta 1). Köln: Druckerei Wienand.
* Seidel, A., (1898) "Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Sprachen in Togo". Aufgrund der von Dr. Rudolf Plehn und anderen gesammelten Materialien bearbeitet. Zeitschrift für Afrikanischer und Oceanischer Sprachen.
* Sommer, Gabriele (1992) 'Nnyocha banyere ọnwụ asụsụ n'Africa', na Brenzinger, Matthias (ed.) Ọnwụ Asụsụ: Nnyocha Eziokwu na Theoretical na Ntuziaka Pụrụ Iche na East Africa. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter, peeji nke 301-417.&nbsp;

## Njikọ mpụga

* Profaịlụ Animere na UNESCO-CI
* ELAR Archive of Documentation of Animere, Ghana (Kwa, Niger-Congo): A Pilot StudyIhe ndekọ nke Animere, Ghana (Kwa, Niger-Congo): A Pilot Study
Ọrịa Mwase

Ofentse Mwase bụ onye nduzi South Africa, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye guzobere Ofentse mwase Films . A mụrụ ya ma zụlite ya na Rustenburg, North West, Mwase gụrụ ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri na AFDA, The School for the Creative Economy . 

## Ọrụ
 mụrụ Ofentse Mwase na Rustenburg, North West, South Africa. Mmasị ime ihe nkiri  malitere na 2005. [1] N'afọ 2009, o mere ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi *IGolide*, ma nata nhọpụta maka onye na-ese ihe nkiri kacha mma nke afọ 2010.

Afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, n'afọ 2011, ọ gbara ihe nkiri mkpirikpi nke *Hajji*, nke a họpụtara maka Best Cinematography na AFDA. Mwase meriri Best Cinematography maka TV Drama *Tjovitjo* na mmemme SAFTA kwa afọ na 2018.  N'otu afọ ahụ, ọ gbagburu Thato, a Ster__wol____wol____wol__, nke meriri Silver Loerie na 2011 Loerie Awards.

N'afọ 2017, Ofentse duziri vidiyo egwu maka Ameni site n'aka Miss Pru nke gosipụtara Sjava, A-Reece, Emtee, Fifi Cooper, Saudi na B3nchmarq nke gara n'ihu merie SAMA nke mbụ ya (South African Music Awards) maka vidiyo egwu nke afọ 2017.  gbara ihe nkiri mbụ ya bụ Collision nke Fabien Martorell duziri, nke ga-amalite na June 16, 2022 na Netflix.

## Ihe nkiri

## Onyinye
 

## Edensibia
egwu dịka Enemy of the State, Mission: Impossible III, *[[Star Trek (ihe nkiri)|Star Trek]]*, Star Trek Into Darkness, Star Wars: The Force Awakens, na Star Wars: Rise of Skywalker, na-arụkọ ọrụ na ndị nduzi dị ka Tony Scott na J. J. Abrams.

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Jamie D. Ramsay

**Jamie D. Ramsay** SASC (amụrụ na 20 Septemba) bụ onye na-ese ihe nkiri na South Africa. O nwetara nhọpụta abụọ *Ndụ* British Independent Film Award maka ọrụ ya na ihe nkiri *[[Moffie]]* (2019) na All of Us Strangers (2023), ma merie Camerimage Bronze Frog maka ọrụ ya n'ihe nkiri Living (2022). Ọ pụtara na ndepụta Variety nke 2021 nke 10 Cinematographers to Watch . 

## Oge ọ malitere
Ramsay nwere dyslexia. O nwere mmasị na nka anya site na nwata wee malite ise foto mgbe nna nna ya nyere ya igwefoto, nke ghọrọ mmasị maka ihe nkiri.  gụsịrị akwụkwọ na AFDA, The School for the Creative Economy na 2005. 

## Ihe nkiri

## Onyinye na nhọpụta

## Edensibia
egwu dịka Enemy of the State, Mission: Impossible III, *[[Star Trek (ihe nkiri)|Star Trek]]*, Star Trek Into Darkness, Star Wars: The Force Awakens, na Star Wars: Rise of Skywalker, na-arụkọ ọrụ na ndị nduzi dị ka Tony Scott na J. J. Abrams.

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Dion Beebe

**Dion Beebe** A.C.S. A.S.C. (//'diːɒn 'biːbi/ / DEE-on BEE-bee;  amụrụ na 18 Mee 1968) bụ onye Australia-South Africa na-ese ihe nkiri. O sitere na Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, ezinụlọ ya kwagara Cape Town, South Africa, na 1972. Dion gụrụ ihe nkiri na Australian Film, Television and Radio School site na 1987 ruo 1989.   A họpụtara Beebe maka onyinye Academy na BAFTA maka ọrụ ya na Rob Marshall's *Chicago*, wee merie onyinye Academy nke 2006 maka ọrụ ya n'ihe nkiri Memoirs of a Geisha. A maara ya maka ojiji ọ na-eji ihe osise mara mma, nke na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na maka nnwale ya nke vidiyo dijitalụ dị elu na Michael Mann's Collateral (nke o ritere BAFTA maka Best Cinematography) na *Miami Vice*. Ọ bụkwa onye otu Australian Cinematographers Society (ACS) na American Society of Cinematographers (ASC). A nabatara Dion n'ime ACS' Hall of Fame na National Awards na 16 Mee 2020.

## Ihe nkiri

## Onyinye na nhọpụta

## Edensibia
Ọ bụkwa onye otu Australian Cinematographers Society (ACS) na American Society of Cinematographers (ASC). A nabatara Dion n'ime

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
* Olee otú Oscar ahụ si ruo ebe ahụ? ajụjụ ọnụ na Dion Beebe na Sydney Morning Herald (24 June 2006) 

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Jon Joffin

**Jon Joffin** (amụrụ na June 13, 1963) bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na telivishọn na South Africa, onye rụrụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri telivisheneng nke Canada na America.

 mụrụ ya na Johannesburg, ya na ezinụlọ ya kwagara Canada mgbe ọ bụ nwata.

## Onyinye

## Edensibia
afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-anya ụgbọelu na onye na-ahụ maka igwefoto na fim dịka Resident Evil (usoro ihe nkiri TV

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Luke Maximo Bell

**Luke Bell** (amụrụ n'afọ 1994) bụ Onye na-eme ihe nkiri, onye na-anya ụgbọelu na Onye na-ese vidio si Cape Town, South Africa.

## Ndụ na ọrụ
gụrụ Mechatronic Engineering  Mahadum nke Cape Town ebe ọ malitere ọrụ ya.

'afọ 2017, Luke so na ndị mmeri nke asọmpi foto Dronestagram  .   'afọ 2020, e nyere ya ọkwa mbụ na ụdị Vidio egwu na Moment Invitational Film Festival nke e gosipụtara na New York City. [1] [2]

'afọ 2020, Luke ghọrọ onye nnọchi anya Sony α maka Middle East na Afrịka.

'oge ọrịa COVID-19, Luke natara ikike iji mee ihe nkiri n'okporo ámá ndị tọgbọ chakoo nke Cape Town site na drone. *†*'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-anya ụgbọelu na onye na-ahụ maka igwefoto na fim dịka Resident Evil (usoro ihe nkiri TV)  na The Year Earth Changed. 

## Ihe nkiri

## Onyinye na nhọpụta

## Edensibia
afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-anya ụgbọelu na onye na-ahụ maka igwefoto na fim dịka Resident Evil (usoro ihe nkiri TV

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
* Ajụjụ ọnụ na Drone Pilot Luke Bell Romeo 26 Julaị 2017, Expresso ShowIhe ngosi Expresso
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Alwyn Kumst

**Alwyn Kumst** CSC bụ onye na-ese ihe nkiri Ndị Canada a mụrụ na South Africa.  maara ya nke ọma maka ọrụ ya na ihe nkiri 1999 The Divine Ryans, nke ọ bụ onye a họpụtara na Genie Award maka Best Cinematography na 20th Genie Awards na 2000.

*Uwe* ndị ọzọ o mere gụnyere ihe nkiri Cold Blooded, ihe nkiri telivishọn The Summit na *Harriet the Spy: Blog Wars*, na ihe omume nke usoro telivisheneng Mysterious Island, The Adventures of Sinbad, Queen of Swords, Relic Hunter, Falcon Beach, Degrassi: The Next Generation, *Rookie Blue* na Suits.

## Edensibia
afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-anya ụgbọelu na onye na-ahụ maka igwefoto na fim dịka Resident Evil (usoro ihe nkiri TV

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
David Millin

**David Millin** (11 June 1920 - 26 May 1999)  bụ Onye nduzi ihe nkiri South Africa, Onye na-ese ihe nkiri na Onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri. O mepụtara ihe nkiri Afrikaans na Bekee dị iche iche gbasara ọrụ ya. Ọ bụ onye otu American Society of Cinematographers kemgbe 1972, onye otu mbụ si South Africa nke so na nzukọ ahụ. N'afọ 1994, M-Net kwanyeere ya ugwu maka enyemaka ndụ ya na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ma na 1997 SASC / Kodak kwanyeerekwa ya ugwu maka onyinye ya.  bụ onye a ma ama maka ihe ngosi ya dị egwu, nnukwu (ma ziri ezi) ihe nkiri agha na ọchị ya.

## Ihe nkiri
Dị ka onye nduzi:

* *Suster Teresa*, 1974
* Ndị nwụrụ anwụ, 1973
* zutere Moed, Durf en Bloed, 1973
* Nwụrụ n'Anya Na-ebibi n'Aha
* Ndị Nchebe nke Shangani, 1970
* *Banana Beach*, 1970
* *Petticoat Safari*, 1969
* *Majuba: Heuwel van Duiwe*, 1968
* *Mmehie nke Abụọ*, 1966
* *Ọlaedo Afrịka*, 1965
* Asaa n'Anyanwụ, 1964
* Stropers van die Laeveld, 1962
* Donker Afrika, 1957
* Nke Ikpeazụ n'ime Mmadụ ole na ole (afọ a na-amaghị) 

Dị ka onye na-ese ihe nkiri:

* Ndị Agha Na-egbu Ọchụ, 1976
* Nwụrụ n'Anya Na-ebibi n'Aha
* Ndị Jackal, 1967
* Ihe gbasara Cape Town, 1967
* *Diamond Safari*, 1958
* Donker Afrika, 1957
* *'n Atụmatụ bụ 'n Boerdery*, 1954
* Inspan, 1953
* Hans-nwụrụ n'afọ 1952
* *Nke Ikpeazụ n'ime Mmadụ Iri na Ụba*

Dị ka onye na-emepụta:

* Ndị nwụrụ anwụ, 1973
* zutere Moed, Durf en Bloed, 1973
* Ndị Nchebe nke Shangani, 1970
* *Banana Beach*, 1970
* Asaa n'Anyanwụ, 1964
* *Nke Ikpeazụ n'ime Mmadụ Iri na Ụba*

Dị ka onye edemede:

* zutere Moed, Durf en Bloed, 1973
* *Ọlaedo Afrịka*, 1965
* Asaa n'Anyanwụ, 1964
* *Nke Ikpeazụ n'ime Mmadụ Iri na Ụba*

## Edensibia
Mindel dị ka onye nduzi Nke abụọ nke foto na Ridley Scott's *[[G.I. Jane]]*. Nke a meghere ụzọ maka Mindel ka ọ bụrụ onye nduz
Frank Rautenbach

thumb|Frank Rautenbach

**Leon Francois Rautenbach** (amụrụ na 12 Mee 1972), nke a maara nke ọma dị ka **Frank Rautenbach**, bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-emepụta ihe na South Africa. A maara ya nke ọma maka ọrụ ya na ihe nkiri Faith Like Potatoes, The Bang Bang Club na ihe nkiri akụkọ ndụ Hansie: A True Story.

## Ndụ onwe onye
 mụrụ Rautenbach na 12 Mee 1972 na East London, South Africa.

Ọ lụrụ onye njikwa mmepụta, Leigh Rautenbach kemgbe Febụwarị 24, 1996.

## Ọrụ
'afọ 2006, o mere ihe nkiri mbụ ya na Faith Like Potatoes nke Regardt van den Bergh duziri. Ihe nkiri  bụ ihe nkiri akụkọ ndụ nke dabeere n'akwụkwọ Angus Buchan dere. N'afọ 2008, o mere ihe nkiri egwuregwu *Hansie* nke van den Bergh duziri. 'ime ihe nkiri ahụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye bụbu onye na-eme egwuregwu cricket na South Africa bụ Hansie Cronjé . [1] Mgbe ihe ịga nke ọma ahụ gasịrị, o mechara rụọ ọrụ ọzọ na The Bang Bang Club, ihe nkiri akụkọ ndụ banyere ndụ ndị nta akụkọ foto anọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'ime obodo nta dị na South Africa n'oge ịkpa ókè agbụrụ.  nkiri ahụ nwetara nyocha  iche iche site n'aka ndị nkatọ. [1] [2] [3]

N'afọ 2019, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ihe nkiri telivishọn nke martial arts Warrior site n'ịrụ ọrụ "Patterson". Ihe nkiri ahụ ghọrọ ihe na-ewu ewu n'afọ ahụ. N'afọ 2020, ọ sonyeere ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ncha a ma ama 7de Laan ma rụọ ọrụ nkwado "Tiaan Terreblanche".

## Ihe nkiri

## Edensibia
Johanna Adriina Kok. Ọ lụrụ Louis Jacobus Nel na 1857 na Pietermaritzburg. Maré nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 37 mgbe ọ mụsịrị nwa ya nke iri na otu, e lie ya n'akụkụ ebe obibi ochie na ugbo ha *Welgegund*, nso Greytown

## Njikọ mpụga

* IMDb

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Daar doer na die bosveld

***Daar doer na die bosveld*** (transl. Far Away in the Bushveld) bụ ihe nkiri Asụsụ Afrikaans na ihe nkiri mbụ nke onye nduzi South Africa bụ Jamie Uys, onye na-eduzi, na-ede, na-emepụta, na-edozi na kpakpando. Nwunye ya Hettie Uys na-eme ihe gbasara ịhụnanya. A tọhapụrụ ya na 1951. 

## Atụmatụ
N'ebe ụfọdụ n'ime ọhịa ahụ, Hans Botha na-eme njem ugbo mgbe enyi ya na onye agbata obi ya na-abịa na arịrịọ ngwa ngwa: biko were onye nkuzi ọhụrụ na ọdụ ụgbọ ala. Hans na-eme ihere na-atụ egwu n'ihi na ọ maghị otu esi agwa ụmụ nwanyị okwu mana o mechara kwenye, na-amalite na jalopy ochie ya n'enweghị brek. Mgbe ọ natasịrị Martie, ọ hapụrụ ụgbọ ala ahụ na mberede ka ọ gbapụ ma tụba ya n'osimiri.  ọ na-erule oge Hans na-asị nke ọma, Martie na-ewe iwe mana ọ hụrụ ya n'anya.

## Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri
Jamie Uys dị ka Hans Botha

Hettie Uys dị ka Martie du Toit

Jurg du Preez dị ka Koos

Bluks Joubert dị ka Gert Petoors

Thomas Moema dị ka Ou Thomas

## Edensibia
Asụsụ Ogbi nke Namibia

**Asụsụ Ogbi nke [[Namibia]]** (nke a na-emekarị ka ọ bụrụ **NSL**)  bụ asụsụ ogbi nke Namibia na Angola. A na-eche na e nwere asụsụ ndị ogbi ndị ọzọ na mba ndị a. 

Ụlọ akwụkwọ mbụ maka ndị ntị chiri dị na Engela, ma guzobe ya n'ihe dị ka n'afọ 1970 site na Evangelical Lutheran Church. Ndị nkuzi mbụ bụ ndị isi ojii Namibia zụrụ na South Africa, ma jiri Paget Gorman Sign System na ụtọ asụsụ Ovambo. Ụmụ akwụkwọ jiri akara PGSS, mana ha mepụtara ụtọ asụsụ nke ha. 

N'afọ 1975, gọọmentị South Africa malitere ụlọ akwụkwọ ọhụrụ maka ndị ntị chiri na Eluwa. A kpọgara ụmụaka niile na-erubeghị afọ iri na asaa na-aga Engela Eluwa, ma were asụsụ ha. Ndị Namibia a chụgara n'Angola gụnyere ọtụtụ ụmụ akwụkwọ si n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị a, na 1982 e guzobere ụlọ akwụkwọ maka ndị ntị chiri na Angola, ebe ha kụziiri ụmụ akwụkwọ ọhụrụ NSL.
thumb|Onye na-asụ asụsụ ogbi nke Namibia.

## Edensibia


* Ashipala et al., "Ọganihu nke akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nke Asụsụ Ogbi nke Namibia", na Erting, 1994, The Deaf Way: Echiche sitere na Nzukọ Mba Nile na Omenala Ndị Ogbi*Ụzọ Ndị Ogbi: Echiche sitere na Nzukọ Mba Nile na Omenala Ndị Ogbi*
Onye isi ojii nke Namibia

**Namibian Black German**,nakwa NBG, ( , "kitchen German") bụ asụsụ pidgin nke Namibia nke sitere na German ọkọlọtọ. Ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ikpochapu. It Ọ bụ ndị Namibia na-amụchaghị German na-asụkarị n'oge ọchịchị German. Ọ dịghị mgbe mbụ asụsụ. Ndị mmadụ n'ozuzu karịa afọ 50 na-asụ asụsụ. nke abụọ, bụ ndị taa ogbugba a dị ka abụọ nke, bụ ndị taa usually also speak Standard or Namibian German, Afrikaans, or English. Yana izugbe mmụta na mepere emepe gburugburu nke Ndịda Namibia ebe a na-asụ German Namibia, enwere ike ichekwa NBG n'aha site na nnyefe nne na nna na nwa ma ọ bụ n'ime ụlọ.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Nchịkọta nke German na Namibia na-emekarị n'èzí agụmakwụkwọ ma bụrụ nke a kụziiri onwe ya. Dị ka ọtụtụ asụsụ pidgin, Namibian Black German mepụtara site na ohere dị nta maka asụsụ ọkọlọtọ ma bụrụ nke a kpaara ókè na gburugburu ọrụ.

 ọ dị ugbu a, ọtụtụ narị puku ndị Namibia na-asụ German dị ka asụsụ nke abụọ - ọtụtụ, mana ọ bụghị ọtụtụ n'ime ha Black, ọ bụ ezie na ndị Namibia German anaghị agbaso ụkpụrụ German, ọ bụghị pidgin.

## Okwu mbido
Bekee na Afrikaans ahapụla mmetụta na mmepe nke NBG, na-eduga na usoro nhazi atọ: 

* na-agbakwunye preposition ebe Standard German ga-eji ebubo
* ịtọpụ prepositions nke na-adịkarị na Standard German
* gbanwee preposition nke ngwaa chọrọ

## Ihe Nlereanya
 
Ihe atụ nke ahịrịokwu ndị nwere ihe ndị yiri ya na Standard German:

* Lange nicht sehen - ogologo oge anaghị ahụ ("Lange nicht精") 
* *Ọ bụ unere ka a ga-eji ya mee ihe? *- Ego ole ka unere na-efu?  ("Kostet nwụrụ/eine Banane?") 
* Uhr spät - 'oge mgbede', nke pụtara 'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ' ("es ist spät") 
* Herr fahren Jagd, nicht Haus - "Onye nwe ya gara ịchụ nta ma ọ nọghị n'ụlọ" ("Der Herr ist zur Jagd gefahren und ist nicht zu Hause") 

## Edensibia
Ndị mmadụ n'ozuzu karịa afọ 50 na-asụ ugbu a dị ka asụsụ

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* 
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Akụkọ ihe mere eme Sociolinguistics in a Colonial World, Methodological Considerations [PowerPoint slides]. E nwetara ya na https://web.archive.org/web/20220721033445/http://hison.sbg.ac.at/content/conferences/handoutsslides2010/Deumert3.pdf
* 
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] German Studies: Asụsụ na Asụsụ. Ọrụ Afọ na Ọmụmụ Asụsụ Ọgbara Ọhụrụ, 71, 564-594. JSTOR 10.5699/yearworkmodlang.71.2009.0564
* 
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Mgbe asụsụ ọkọlọtọ na-aga n'okpuru ọchịchị: Omume asụsụ, atụmatụ asụsụ, na destandardization n'oge ọchịchị ndị Germany. 25th Scandinavian Conference of Linguistics, Workshop 2: Foundations of Language Standardization. E nwetara ya na https://web.archive.org/web/20150713130948/http://conference.hi.is/scl25/files/2012/06/Stolberg.pdf
Nkọwa

Natalia ǀGoagoses (amụrụ 21 Jenụwarị 1962) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Namibia bụ onye so na Mgbakọ Mba maka SWAPO kemgbe 2020. Kemgbe 2023, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka osote onye isi nke agụmakwụkwọ ka elu, ọzụzụ na ihe ọhụrụ. Ọ bụkwa osote onye minista na Ministry of Urban and Rural Development site na Eprel 2021 ruo Septemba 2023..

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ ya na Outjo na 21 Jenụwarị 1962.  O nwere nzere Bachelor of Education (B. Ed.) na Master of Education (M. Ed.). Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi, onye nyocha agụmakwụkwọ, onye nduzi agụmakwụkwọ na, site na 2013, onye isi nke Erongo Regional Council .  Na Jenụwarị 2020, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ osote onye isi oche nke Council for National Heritage . 

Na Maachị 2020, Onye isi ala Hage Geingob họpụtara ǀGoagoses ka ọ bụrụ onye na-anaghị eme ntuli aka na Mgbakọ Mba.[1] Na 21 Eprel 2021, a họpụtara ya osote onye minista na Ministry of Urban and Rural Development mgbe onye bu ya ụzọ Derek Klazen kwagara na Ministri Azụ dị ka onye ozi.[2] [3] Na 12 Septemba 2023, na nhazigharị nke ụlọ ọrụ, ǀGoagoses họpụtara osote onye minista nke agụmakwụkwọ ka elu, ọzụzụ na ihe ọhụrụ..

## Edemsibia

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Abụ nke Africa

Song of Africa bụ ihe nkiri ojii na ọcha nke 1951 nke e mere na South Africa.  bụ Emil Nofal, onye Afrikaner duziri ya.

Ihe nkiri  bụ maka otu nwoke ji gramaphone na ngwá egwu laghachi n'obodo ya iji malite otu egwu Zulu Jazz. Daniel Makiza  Black Broadway Boys na-eme ihe nkiri. [1]

 bụ otu n'ime ihe nkiri anọ e mere site na 1949-1951 na-edekọ egwu na arụmọrụ mbụ nke ndị Afrịka. Otu ọkà mmụta kọwara atụmatụ ahụ  ka ihe dị nro.

## Hụkwa

* Ihe nkiri African Jim, 1949
* The Magic Garden (ihe nkiri 1951)

## Edensibia
egwu na arụmọrụ mbụ nke ndị Afrịka. Otu ọkà mmụta
Enweghị ọlaedo maka onye na-egwu mmiri nwụrụ anwụ

Gold for a Dead Diver () bụ ihe nkiri njem nke West German nke 1974 nke Harald Reinl duziri na Horst Janson, Monika Lundi na Marius Weyers. Ihe na-akpali akpali banyere ndị na-egwu mmiri n'oké osimiri na-achọ akụ e liri, e sere ya n'ebe dị na South Africa. Onye nduzi nka bụ Dieter Bartels haziri ihe nkiri ahụ.

Mgbe ihe ịga nke ọma nke Jaws (1975), e wepụtara ihe nkiri ahụ na US n'aha Deadly Jaws .

## Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri
 

## Vidio ụlọ
N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2017, RetroVision Entertainment wepụtara ihe nkiri ahụ na DVD, ya na Night of the Sharks.

## Edensibia
diamond, onye bụbu onye isi Ụgbọ mmiri U-boat nke Germany na-arụ ọrụ nke onye America, na nwunye German ahụ na-eto eto.

## Akwụkwọ

* 

## Njikọ mpụga

*
Ụsọ Oké Osimiri Ọkpụkpụ

Coast of Skeletons bụ ihe nkiri ihe nkiri nke afọ 1965, nke Robert Lynn duziri na Richard Todd na Dale Robertson. Ọ bụ ihe na-esote ihe nkiri 1963 Death Drums Along the River, dịka ihe nkiri ahụ, ọ na-eji ihe odide sitere na akwụkwọ akụkọ Edgar Wallace nke 1911 Sanders of the River na ihe nkiri Zoltán Korda nke 1935 dabere na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ, mana etinye ya n'akụkọ dị iche. A tọhapụrụ Coast of Skeletons na Germany dị ka *Sanders und das Schiff des Todes*/ Sanders na Ụgbọ Death.

## Atụmatụ
Mgbe nnwere onwe gasịrị, ógbè Britain a na-akpọghị aha ebe Kọmishọna Harry Sanders na-arụ ọrụ ọtụtụ afọ chụpụrụ ndị uwe ojii Britain. Ya mere Sanders laghachiri London, ebe ọ chọtara ọrụ maka Ụlọ ọrụ ịnshọransị n'oge na-adịghị anya, nke chọrọ ka ọ lekọta ọrụ iji gwuo diamond na mmiri na-adịghị omimi na South West Africa.

N'oge na-adịghị anya, Sanders na-ahụ onwe ya n'ime aghụghọ ịnshọransị, ịchụ nta nzuzo maka ọla edo nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, na triangle ịhụnanya dị n'etiti onye America na-achọ diamond, onye bụbu onye isi Ụgbọ mmiri U-boat nke Germany na-arụ ọrụ nke onye America, na nwunye German ahụ na-eto eto.

## Ndị isi na-eme ihe nkiri

* Richard Todd dị ka Kọmishọna Harry Sanders
* Dale Robertson dị ka A.J. Magnus
* Heinz Drache dị ka Janny von Koltze
* Marianne Koch dị ka Helga
* Elga Andersen dị ka Elisabeth von Koltze
* Derek Nimmo dị ka Tom Hamilton
* Gabriel Bayman dị ka Charlie Singer
* George Leech dị ka Carlo Seton
* Gordon Mulholland dị ka Maazị Spyker
* Josh du Toit dị ka Hajo Petersen
* Dietmar Schönherr dị ka Piet van Houten

## Njikọ mpụga

* Coast of Skeletons na British Film Institute [isi iyi ka mma dị mkpa]
* Ụsọ Oké Osimiri ỌkpụkpụnaBritish Board of Film Classification
* 
* Ụsọ Oké Osimiri ỌkpụkpụnaEbe nchekwa data ihe nkiri TCM
diamond, onye bụbu onye isi Ụgbọ mmiri U-boat nke Germany na-arụ ọrụ nke onye America, na nwunye German ahụ na-eto eto.
Kwụsị Ịgbanwe Ihe

Stop Exchange (nke a makwaara dị ka Don't Shoot the Shareholders) bụ ihe nkiri na-atọ ọchị nke South Africa nke Howard Rennie duziri na Arthur Swemmer, Charles Vernon na Ian Yule, na ndị ọbịa si Sid James  na Charles Hawtrey .  Ọ bụ Rennie na Cora Swemmer dere ya ma Felix Meyburgh mepụtara ya maka Panorama Films. 

## Atụmatụ
J.J. Manx bụ onye ọchụnta ego na-enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma nke na-ezu ohi n'ụlọ akụ iji kwụọ ndị ọrụ ya ụgwọ. Oom Willie Swanepoel bụ onye ọkwọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè nke nwere nkà n'ịgba bọọlụ. Ọ dịghị onye ọ bụla n'ime ha maara na ha bụ n'ezie ụmụ ejima.

Mgbe ọrụ Swanepoel mere ka ọnụ ahịa nke òkè Manx daa, Manx chọtara Swanepoal ma tọọrọ ya. Mgbe ahụ, ọ na-ewere njirimara Swanepoel iji zuo Bottomley Diamonds. Ndị enyi Swanepoel chọtara dayamọnd ma kwuo ego ụgwọ ọrụ ahụ, jiri ya mebie Manx. Manx kwupụtara mpụ ya n'ihu ndị uwe ojii mana ọ bịara bụrụ na diamond ahụ bụ nke adịgboroja, akụkụ nke aghụghọ ịnshọransị.

## Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri

* Arthur Swemmer dị ka J.J. Manx / Oom Willie Swanepoel
* Charles Vernon dị ka Norman
* Ian Yule dị ka Lefty
* Beryl Gresak dị ka Marge
* Louis van Niekerk dị ka Bill
* Billy Matthews dị ka Maazị Bottomley
* Shelagh Ross dị ka Oriakụ Bottomley
* Johan du Plooy dị ka Oom Paul
* Marius Weyers dị ka Attie
* Carel Trichardt dị ka Basie
* Sidney James dị ka onye na-agba ọsọ
* Charles Hawtrey dị ka onye na-elekọta ụlọ
* Martin Pols dị ka Mark Condor

## Egwú
Ọ bụ Werner Krupski dere ụdaolu ahụ.  tọhapụrụ abụ aha ahụ, nke ndị otu Johannesburg The Bats, dị ka otu 7-inch.

## Edensibia
n'okporo ụzọ Manhattan ma ọ bụ ebe ụgbọ oloko ma ọ bụ oghere. Ihe oyiyi Athol Fugard nke di na nwunye na-enweghị ebe obibi zoro n'ime ihe onwunwe ha na-enweghị ihe ọ

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
* *[https://samusicheritage.wordpress.com/2012/07/29/stop-exchange/ Kwụsị Ịgbanwe Ihe]* E Emere na South Africa
Marianne Koch

thumb|Marianne Koch na 2018
**Marianne Koch** (   [maˈʁi̯anə ˈkɔx] i; amụrụ n'abalị iri na itoolu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1931) bụ onye Germany na-eme ihe nkiri n'afọ ndị 1950 na 1960, nke a maara nke ọma maka mpụta ya na Spaghetti Westerns na ihe nkiri njem nke afọ ndị 1960.  O mechara rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri na telivishọn na dịka dọkịta.

## Ọrụ
N'agbata 1950 na 1971, Koch pụtara na ihe karịrị ihe nkiri 65. O nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ihe nkiri German nke 1950s na 1960s. Na 1954 American thriller Night People, ọ pụtara na nkwado n'akụkụ Gregory Peck. Koch nwekwara ọrụ dị mkpa na ihe nkiri Hollywood Four Girls in Town na Interlude, nke e wepụtara na 1957. Ọ ka bụ ma eleghị anya ka a maara ya nke ọma n'ụwa niile maka mmepụta Sergio Leone nke 1964 A Fistful of Dollars, nke gosipụtara ya na Clint Eastwood dị ka onye nkịtị nke ndị omempụ obi ọjọọ na-emekpa ahụ, nkewa n'etiti di ya na nwa ya na ndị ọjọọ.

Na Germany, ọ ga-abụ na a maara ya nke ọma maka ọtụtụ afọ ọ na-ekere òkè dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na-ewu ewu na TV bụ Was bin ich?*Ọ̀ bụ bin ich?*, ihe ngosi German nke ihe ngosi TV America What's My Line?*Gịnị bụ akara m?*, nke malitere na 1950s ruo 1988 ma nweta ọkwa ruru 75% na elu ya.

'afọ 1971, ọ maliteghachiri ọmụmụ ọgwụ ọ kwụsịrị na mbido afọ 1950 iji ghọọ onye na-eme ihe nkiri. N'afọ 1974, ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta ya ma rụọ ọrụ ahụike ruo n'afọ 1997 dị ka ọkachamara maka ọgwụ ime ụlọ na Munich. N'afọ 1974, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ na-eme ihe ngosi okwu nke Germany *3 nach 9* (Three After Nine), nke e nyere ya *Grimme-Preis*, otu n'etiti ihe nrite kachasị mma nke ụlọ ọrụ telivishọn Germany. Ọ kwadokwara ihe ngosi telivishọn ndị ọzọ, na 2014, ka nwere mmemme ndụmọdụ ahụike na redio.

## Ndụ onwe onye
Koch bụ nwa nwanyị nke Marie Aumüller na Rudolf Schindler.

N'afọ 1953, Koch lụrụ dọkịta Gerhard Freund (1922-2008), onye ya na ya nwere ụmụ nwoke abụọ. Alụmdi  nwunye ahụ kwụsịrị na 1973 mgbe Freund malitere mmekọrịta ya na Miss World 1956, Petra Schürmann, onye o mechara lụọ. Koch mechara malite mmekọrịta  na onye edemede Peter Hamm, nke dịruru site n'etiti afọ 1970 ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 2019. [1]

## Ihe nkiri
 

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga na isi mmalite

* Marianne KochnaIMDb
* Marianne KochnaEbe nchekwa data ihe nkiri TCM
* Akwụkwọ Marianne Koch dere na banyere yan'imeỌ́bá Akwụkwọ Mba GermanyNdepụta
* Foto nke ihe nkiri 'Solange du lebst'
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Asụsụ Mbore

**Mbore** (Borei, Mborei) a.k.a. **Gamei** (Gamai) bụ Asụsụ Lower Ramu nke Papua New Guinea .  A na-asụ ya n'obodo nta nke Gamei (4°03′58′′S 144°43′50′′E / 4.066061°S 144.730692°E / -4.066061; 144.730) 692 (Gamei/Kopenarang)) na Boroi na Yawar Rural LLG, Bogia District, Madang Province.

Ndị ikwu  kacha nso bụ asụsụ Watam na Kaian, nke abụọ n'ime ha dị n'elu osimiri site na Kopar, obodo dị n'ọnụ Osimiri Sepik.

## Edensibia
egwu na arụmọrụ mbụ nke ndị Afrịka. Otu ọkà mmụtaegwu na arụmọrụ mbụ nke ndị Afrịka. Otu ọkà mmụta