open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Fatih Birol

**Fatih Birol** bụ onye Turkey na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba na ọkachamara na ike, onye jere ozi dị ka onye isi nchịkwa nke International Energy Agency (IEA) kemgbe 1 Septemba 2015. N'oge ọ na-elekọta IEA, o meela usoro iji melite nzukọ mba ụwa nke dị na Paris, gụnyere iwusi mmekọrịta ya na akụ na ụba na mba ndị na'ịpụta n'ọhịa dị ka India na China ike na ịrụ ọrụ na mgbanwe ike dị ọcha na mbọ mba niile iji nweta ikuku efu.

Birol nọ na ndepụta Time 100 nke ndị kachasị emetụta n'ụwa na 2021, magazin *Forbes* akpọwo ya aha n"etiti ndị kacha emenye mmetụta nʼihe gbasara ike n "ụwa" ma Financial Times kwetara na ya na 2017 dị ka Onye Ike nke Afọ. Birol bụ onye isi oche nke World Economic Forum (Davos) Energy Advisory Board. Ọ bụ onye na-enye onyinye ugboro ugboro na mgbasa ozi na kọmputa ma na'inye ọtụtụ okwu kwa afọ na nnukwu nzukọ na nzukọ mba ụwa.

## Ọrụ mmalite
Tupu ịbanye na IEA dị ka onye nyocha nke obere na 1995, Birol rụrụ ọrụ na Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) na Vienna.  N'ime ọtụtụ afọ na IEA, Birol rụrụ ọrụ ruo n'ọrụ nke Chief Economist, ọrụ nke ọ na-ahụ maka akụkọ IEA nke World Energy Outlook na-elele anya, tupu ọ ghọọ onye isi nchịkwa na 2015.

Nwa amaala Turkey, a mụrụ Birol na Ankara na 1958. O nwetara akara ugo mmụta BSc na injinịa ike na mahadum Istanbul Technical University.  O nwetara MSc na PhD na Economic Economics site na Technical University of Vienna.  N'afọ 2013, e nyere Birol nzere Doctorate of Science honoris causa site na Imperial College London.  Emere ya ka ọ bụrụ onye otu ndụ nsọpụrụ nke klọb bọọlụ Galatasaray S.K.  n'afọ 2013.

## Ihe omume ndị ọzọ

* Africa Europe Foundation (AEF), onye otu High-Level Group of Personalities on Africa-Europe Relations (since 2020)

## Nsọpụrụ na ihe nrite

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Akụkọ ndụ Fatih Birol
* Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ike Mba Nile
* Ọdịdị Ike Ụwa

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1958
Fatma Zohra Ksentini

**Fatma Zohra Ouhachi-Vesely** (née **Ksentini**) bụ nwanyị Algeria bụ onye mbụ na-edekọ akụkọ pụrụ iche nke United Nations maka mkpofu site na 1995 ruo 2004. Tupu ọ nọrọ n'ọkwa ya, ọ bụ onye nta akụkọ pụrụ iche na Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities site na 1989 ruo 1994.

## Ọrụ
Ksentini bụ akụkụ nke Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities mgbe akpọrọ ya onye nta akụkọ pụrụ iche na ikike mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi na 1989. Maka United Nations Commission on Human Rights, ọ malitere nyocha afọ anọ gbasara ikike mmadụ gburugburu ebe obibi na 1990. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị nyocha ya na 1994, o tinyere nchọpụta ya wee bịanye aka na Draft Declaration of Principles on Human Rights and the Environment.

N'afọ 1995, Ksentini ghọrọ onye na-akọ akụkọ pụrụ iche nke United Nations na ihe mkpofu na ya. N'oge mmalite nke ọrụ ya, ọ chịkọtara ozi gbasara mmetụta ahụike nke iwepụ ihe mkpofu na-egbu egbu. Mgbe o nyechara akụkọ ya na 1997, Ksentini katọrọ Ọfịs nke Kọmishọna Ukwu nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu maka ikike mmadụ maka ịghara inye ya ego dị mkpa iji mee nyocha n"ala. Mgbe a họpụtara ya ọzọ na 1998, Ksentini malitere ịmepụta atụmatụ maka iwepụ ihe mkpofu na-egbu egbu na mba ndị na - na. Oge ikpeazụ ya dị ka Special Rapporteur malitere na 2001 wee gwụ na 2004.

Ewezuga ọrụ ya dị ka Special Rapporetur, Ksentini bụ onyeisi oche nke Working Group on Contemporary Forms of Slavery na 1991.

## Ndụ onwe onye
Ksentini lụrụ Maazị Ouhachi-Vesely. 

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù Ndị Ọrụ Na-emepụta Ihe na Nchịkọta Ihe nke Botswana

Ndị otu ndị ọrụ na-emepụta ihe na nkwakọ ngwaahịa Botswana (BW&PWU) bụ otu ndị ọrụ na-arụkọ ọrụ nke Botswana federation nke ndị otu azụmaahịa na  Botswana.

## ntụaka

*
Uhlanga akara

***Uhlanga*** the Mark bụ nke amakwaara dị ka Ulanga: The Mark bụ ejije nke South Africa nke afọ 2012 nke onye mepụtara, dee ma hazie omume ya bụ onye nwetara ihe nrite  odeakwụkwọ nke mbụ ya bụ Ndaba Ka Ngwane.

Ndi kacha puta ihe naihe  omume nkiria  bụ Sbo Da Poet, Thuli Mhlongo na onye turu-ugo nrita n'ọrụ mmepụta ya bu ọkpọ egwu Linda Sibiya ebe ọ mere dịka onye ndu ihe omume.  Ọ bụ Khulekani Zondi dekọrọ egwu eji mee ihe nkiri ahụ ma bụrụkwa onye na-ahụkwa maka ise ihe osise na ndezi. Isiokwu ihe nkiri ahụ dabeere na ihe ike na ịda ogbenye dị n'ime obodo South Africa nke oge a. E mere ihe nkiri ahụ na mmefu ego dị ala ma wepụta ya mgbe Julaị gbara mkpụrụ ụbọchị 15 n'afọ 2012. Ọ natara otuto dị egwu site n'aka ndị nkatọ maka ihe nkiri ya, mmetụta anya na ihe ngosi. E gosipụtakwara ihe nkiri ahụ n'ọtụtụ mmemme ihe nkiri mba ụwa na South Africa, UK, Italy na Germany. Ihe nkiri ahụ enwetala ọtụtụ onyinye na nhọpụta na mmemme ihe nkiri mba ụwa.

## Ndị omume ihe nkiri

* Sbo Da Poet dị ka Khaba Mkhize
* Thuli Mhlongo dị ka Nokuthula Khumalo
* Linda Sibiya dị ka Mandla Thabete
* Nomfundo Dubazana dị ka Prudence Ngwenya

## Nkọwa
Ihe nkiri ahụ kpughere akụkọ banyere nwa nwoke gbara afọ itoolu onye ndụ ya ghọrọ ọdachi ka ọnwụ nna ya gasịrị.

## Atụmatụ
Khaba Mkhize (Sbo Da Poet) bụ nwata nwoke ya gụnyere nne ya ụmụnne ya ndị nwanyị, ndị ji ọsọ ọsọ g kwa banye 

ọ gaa n'ụlọ e wurka rn mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị. N'ịa eji akpa ọchị  a onye akpapụrụ akpapụ npa ókè n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, Khaba na Nokuthula Khumalo (Thuli Mhlango), nwa agbọghọ dị afọ iri na n'rji mee baranọgaranya pụta bidoro inwe ngakọ ọnụ n'ekwesighi ịdị. na - na Mandla Thabete (Linda m

iyare) 'ogo dị ala d usoro nri dị ka onna-arụpụta okpete rgna-akwụ ụgwọ dị bla ọne a hụrụ n'oa ọfuru ọrmana ọ na -nkwugidesiikesya tara ike ya site na imeri ihe cochi ya ndị ọ chere ihu. ndị  ntọchị, ụmụ ok bịkọrọ oahụ zutere ọnụ ma mepụta njikọ aka.

## Nnabata ihe omume
A họọrọ ihe nkiri a dị ka ihe ngosi mmeghe na Africa-in-Motion Film Festival emere na Nọvemba 2012. E gosipụtara ihe nkiri ahụ na 2012 Durban International Film Festival na ubochi 31 nke ọnwa Mee ma wepụtakwa ya na UK, Ịtali na Germany n'oge Ọktoba 2012.

E gosipụtakwara ihe nkiri a na Glasgow Film Theatre na ụbọchị 28 Ọktoba 2012.

## Onyinye na nhọpụta
A họpụtara ihe nkiri ahụ n'ụdị ise na 2013 Africa Movie Academy Awards ma merie onyinye maka Best Cinematography. Na mgbakwunye, ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara ihe nrite ise na 2012 Zanzibar International Film Festival gụnyere Golden Dhow Award, Ousmane Sembene Award، Verona Award na Signis International Award.

## Ihe odide


## Njikọ mpụga

* Uhlanga the Mark at IMDb
Akụkọ ọdịnala nke South Africa

**Akụkọ ọdịnala mba** South Africa bụ nke  sitere na ọdịbendị a na-ekwu n'ọnụ, nke akụkọ ihe mere eme. Ọ gbara mkpọrọgwụ na mpaghara ala ha nile  tinyere umu anụmanụ na obodo ụmụ anụmanụ na-emepụta ihe a na-ahụ anya. 

. Ụfọdụ n'ime isiokwu ndị a na-akọwa gụnyere: ndụ osisiwere uụdị mmadụ, ụmụ nwanyị na ndị chi lụrụ, ozieégbè eluigwe naezite.  A na-ejikarị egwu na abụ akọ akụkọ ahụmaa ụkpụrụnakụkọ ndị ahụ bụ ke nndị Afrịka,kbe nnoko na nkeekọrịta bụ ise. Ụfọdụ akụkọ ọdịnala nke narị afọ nke iri na itoolu sitere na ụdị a gụnyere: "Crocodiles Treason", "Lionīs Share", The World's Reward, "The Dance for Water or Rabbitī'S Triumph", 'The Hunt of Lion and Jackal", Zebra Stallion, 'Lions Who Tauggt Himself Wiser Than His Mother na Origin of Death.

## Hụkwa

* Akụkọ ọdịnala nke Afrikaans

## Edensibia
Okechukwu Ibeanu

**Okechukwu Ibeanu** bụ Prọfesọ nke Sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma bụrụkwa Dean, Faculty of the Social Sciences na Mahadum Naịjirịa, Nsukka. Ọ bụkwa onye na-ekwu okwu pụrụ iche nke United Nations Human Rights Council banyere mmetụta ọjọọ nke ngagharị iwu na iwu kwadoro na ịtụfu ihe mkpofu na'ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ.

Prọfesọ Ibeanu bụbu onye ọrụ mmemme nke MacArthur Foundation na-elekọta ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na mmemme Niger Delta. Onye bụbu Fellow nke Mahadum United Nations, Tokyo, ọ bụkwa onye nkuzi nleta na Queen Elizabeth House, Machị Oxford, na Woodrow Wilson Center, Washington D.C.

Prọfesọ Ibeanu nọ ọdụ na bọọdụ nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ nyocha gụnyere Center for Democracy and Development.  O bipụtala ọtụtụ ihe na Niger Delta na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria n'ozuzu, gụnyere Civil Society na Conflict Management na Niger Delta (2005).  Akwụkwọ ọhụrụ ya akpọrọ Oiling Violence (2006) bụ maka mmụba nke obere ngwa agha na ngwa agha na Niger Delta.

N'afọ 2016, Okechukwu Ibeanu ewerela ọkwa otu n'ime ndị kọmishọna na-ahụ maka ntuliaka nke Independent National "INEC".  Ọ bụ kọmishọna na-achị ngalaba ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Naịjirịa.

## Hụkwa

* Onye na-akọ akụkọ pụrụ iche nke United Nations

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Sama Lukonde

thumb|Sama Lukonde
**Jean-Michel Sama Lukonde Kyenge** (amụrụ n'ụbọchị nke anọ n"ọnwa Ọgọstụ nʼafọ 1977) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mba Congo si n "ógbè Katanga" nke bụbu praịm minista nke Democratic Republic of the Congo kemgbe ụbọchị iri na ise nke onwa Febrụwarị n'afọ 2021. A kpọrọ ya ụbọchị ọdachi Osimiri Congo nke afọ 2021. Ọ mara ọkwa kansụl ya n'abalị iri na abụọ nke ọnwa Eprel afọ 2021. Ọ bụ onye otu Future of Congo.

## Akụkọ ndụ
[áká_èkpè|thumb|Lukonde na odeakwụkwọ nke United States Antony Blinken na nleta ha gara na [Kinshasa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2022.]]
A mụrụ Lukonde n'abalị anọ nke ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 1977, na Paris, ọ bụkwa onye nwetara ọzụzụ dị ka injinia . Ọ bụ nwa Stéphane Lukonde Kyenge, onye dị mkpa na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke obodo ya Katanga bụ onye e gburu n'afọ 2001.

Mgbe ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị ka onye otu Avenir du Congo (English, Future of Congo), ma bụrụ otu n'ime ndị omebe iwu kachasị nta na National Assembly (Democratic Republic of the Congo) , a kpọrọ Lukonde Minista nke Ndị Ntorobịa, nke Egwuregwu, na Ntụrụndụ na ọnwa Disemba afọ 2014, n"oge ọchịchị Joseph Kabila . Ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ọkwa a ọnwa iri, tupu ọ gbaa arụkwaghịm iji kwado òtù pati ya na mmegide ha na Kabila maka oge nke atọ n"usoro dị ka onye isi ala.

N'ọnwa June nke afọ 2019, Lukonde ghọrọ onye ndidi ọha nke Gécamines: otu n'ime nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na-egwupụta ihe n"Afrika, na nke kachasị na Democratic Republic of Congo. Onye isi ala Félix Tshisekedi họpụtara ya n'ọkwa a n'onwa June afọ 2019. Tupu ọ bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa nke Congo National Railway Company, SNCC.

Tshisekedi họpụtara ya dịka praịm minista n'ọnwa Febụwarị nke afọ 2021. O mechara gụọ ụlọ ọrụ ya aha.

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Chika Okpala

Chief **Chika Okpala** MFR (amụrụ na 10 June 1950) bụ onye Naijiria na eme ihe ọchị. 
A maara ya nke ọma dị ka Chief Zebrudaya aha nna ọ nwetara site na ọrụ ya dị na Onyeisi zebrudya na usoro ihe nkiri TV, New *Masquerade*, nke gosipụtara site n'afọ 1983 ruo 1993.

## Mmụta
Ọ gara Ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Prince Memorial na Onitsha, obodo dị na Anambra Steeti, Southeastern Nigeria, n'etiti afọ 1964 na 1972. O mechara nweta nzere bachelọ nke sayensị (B.Sc.) na Enugu State University of Sciences and Technology na 1996.

## Ihe nkiri

* *Masquerade Ọhụrụ*
* *[[Professor Johnbull|Prọfesọ Johnbull]]*
* *[[Phone Swap|Ịgbanwe ekwentị]]*
* *[[Lionheart (2018 film)|Obi ọdụm]]*
* *Ekwenyere m*

## Ihe odide


Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù Ndị Ọrụ Ahụike & Ahụ Ike nkeonwe nke Botswana

Botswana nzuzo na ndị ọrụ na-ahụ maka ahụike na ahụike (BPM na HSWU) bụ otu ndị ọrụ na-arụkọ ọrụ nke Botswana federation nke ndị otu azụmaahịa na  Botswana.

## Ihe odide

* 
*
Bruce Onobrakpeya

thumb|Bruce Onobrakpeya
 

**Amụrụ Bruce Obomeyoma Onobrakpeya** (n'ubọchị iri atọ nke ọnwa Ọgọstụ nʼafọ 1932) Ọ bụ onye Naijiria onye nke na-ebi akwụkwọ, na ese kwa ihe  osise ma na akpụ kwa ihe. O gosipụtago na Tate Modern na London, National Museum of African Art nke Smithsonian Institution na Washington, D.C. na Malmö Konsthall na Malmö, Sweden.
National Gallery of Modern Art, Lagos nwere ihe ngosi nke ihe osise mara mma nke Onobrakpeya

A mụrụ Bruce Onobrakpeya na Agbarha-Otor na Delta State, nwa nke onye na-esi osisi akpụpụta ihe na Urhobo. A zụlitere ya dị ka Onye na-ekpere Kristi, mana ọ mụtakwara nkwenye ọdịnala. Ezinụlọ ya mèchàrà kwaga na  Benin City, Edo State, mgbe ọ bụ nwata. Ọ gara akwụkwọ na  Western Boys High School, ebe Edward Ivehivboje kụziiri ya nka, n'etiti ihe  mmụta ndị ọzọ.
Ọ gakwara klas ise ihe na British Council Art Club na Benin City. 
Mmasị Onobrakpeya  nwere  ihe osise sitere na ihe osise nke ụdị kọlọ  mmiri dị ichè ichè nke Emmanuel Erabor. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị, e nwere Onobrakpeya n'ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi nka na ihe osise na Western Boys High School site (1953 Xi56).
N'afọ 1956, ọ garawara  Ondo, ebe ọ kụziri ihe na Ondo Boys High School otu afọ.

N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1957, Onobrakpeya banyere na kọleji nka, sayensị na teknụzụ nke Naịjirịa, bụ nke ana-kpọ zí Mahadum Ahmadu Bello, Zaria.  Gọọmentị etiti bụ ndị zụrụ ya na akwụkwọ, a zụrụ ya na ihe gbasara ọdịnala ọdịda anyanwụ nke nka na ihe osise nnọchiteanya. N'otu oge ahụ, ọ malitere ịnwale ụdị ndị gbasara akụkọ ọdịnala, akụkọ ifo na akụkọ mgbe ochie nke Naijiria. Ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ya na-eji ụdị n'ụdị ihe ịchọ mma na  ihe gbasara omenala ịkpụ  ihe na ihe ndị sitere na ọdịnala  Afrịka na nka n'ụzụ ịchọ mma.

Ka ọnwa Ọktoba dị mkpụrụ ụbọchị iteolu n'afọ 1958, Otú ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị na agụ nka na ihe osise na koleji ahụ bụ ndị Uche Okeke bụ onye ndu ha guzobere otu ndị nka ana-kpọ Zaria Arts Society, nke e mechara kpọwa ndị nnupu isi Zaria ebumnuche  nke otu ụmụ akwụkwọ nka na kọleji a ndị Uche Okeke bú onye ndu ha bụ "decolonizing" nka anya dị ka ndị ọcha si mba Europe si-akụzi ya. Onobrakpeya kwuru na kọleji nyere ya nkà na ụzụ mana Zaria Arts Society, otu mkparịta ụka, kpụrụ echiche ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe. Ndị otu ahụ nyere ya obi ike nkwenye na onwe ya ịchọ okwu na-egosipụta onwe ya. Ọ gbatịkwara ọnụọgụ onyinyo ya, leghara anya n'etu ndị mmadụ si ahụ ihe ma kpọlite ike nke mmụọ site na ihe ịchọ mma na-edoghị anya.
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ụlọ Ọrụ Naịjirịa Naijiria Na-etinye karama

Nigerian Bottling Company bụ **ụlọ ọrụ** na-emepụta ihe ọṅụṅụ nke bụ ndị n'enye aka ere mmanya Coca-Cola na Naịjirịa. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwekwara ikike ahia Naijiria iji ree mmanya dika Fanta, Sprite, Schweppes, Ginger Ale, Limca, Krest, Parle Soda na Five Alive.

 

Nigerian Bottling Company were isi ụlọ ọrụ na Lagos Nigeria. Ha na-eme mmanya Coca Cola, Sprite, Eva, Mmiri ọṅụṅụ Schweppes, Fanta. 

Website ha bu https:/ng.coca-colahellenic.com/

Nigerian Bottling Company nke a makwaara bụ NBC, malitere imewe ihe ahia na 1953 na ụlọ ọrụ dị n'okpuru ala nke Mainland Hotel, nke Leventis Group na-emepụta mmanya Coke nke ụlọ ọrụ Coca Cola nyere ikike. N'afọ 1960, NBC webatara ihe ọṅụṅụ oroma Fanta n'ahịa ma mesịa bụ pụta ihe ọṅụṅụ lemon Sprite.

## Izu ahịa na nkesa
NBC nwere ụlọ ọrụ asatọ ejiri eme ihe bottle  na Naịjirịa nke na weta ngwongwo ahia na ụlọ nkwakọba ahia dị iche iche maka nkesa na ndị n'ebu ahịa n'ụba ma ọ bụ ndị ahịa. Kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ, NBC emela ma ọ bụ nweta ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ihe ndị a na'emepụta n'usoro n'usoro. O mepere ugbo ọka na Agenebode, Edo State iji mepụta fructose syrup, nweta mmasị na ụlọ ọrụ Crown cork na Ijebu Ode na mmepụta ugegbe na Delta State.

Nigeria Bottle Company na-ejere ndị ahịa nde 600 ozi n'ofe ya na akara ala nke mba 28 na kọntinent 3.

NBC na-emepụta SKU karịa onye isi ya, Seven-Up, ọ na'ere mmanya Coke, Coke zero, Fanta oroma, apụl Fanta, mmiri Eva wdg.

## Ihe odide
Nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na Malaysia

[áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Haze n'elu Kuala Lumpur na [Ọkụ Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia nke afọ 2010|2010.]]
Malaysia na-eche ọtụtụ nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi ihu. Gburugburu ebe obibi Malaysia nwere ụdị dị iche iche dị ndụ dị iche iche, yana njedebe zuru ụwa ọnụ na ụdị dị iche iche dị ndụ, mana ọtụtụ okwu na-eyi egwu. Ikpọkpọsị osisi bụ isi okwu na mba ahụ nke butere ọtụtụ ụdị ihe egwu na-eyi egwu ikpochapụ. Dị ka akụkụ bụ isi akụ na ụba, mmepụta mmanụ nkwụ enweela mmetụta dị ukwuu na gburugburu ebe obibi. Mmetọ ikuku bụkwa isi okwu, ebe mba ahụ so na mba ndị kacha emetụta n'oge ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Eshia. Mgbanwe ihu igwe na-emetụtakwa obodo ahụ.

## Nsogbu

### Mgbanwe ihu igwe

### Ụdị ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ

* Nnụnụ a na-akpọ Borneo pygmy
* Rhinoceros nke Sumatra
* Agụ Malaya
* Orangutan
* Onye na-agba ụta n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ
* Ụgbala Oké Ifufe
* Nkịta ọhịa na-agba mmiri ara ehi

### Mgbukpọsị oké ọhịa
Ihe ndị na-esonụ bụ ọrụ ndị a ma ama na na'enye aka n'ịgbukpọ ọhịa:

* Hulu Terengganu Hydroelectric Project
* Kelau Dam
* Ugwu Cherakah
* River Island
* Sungai Mas

Malaysia nwere 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index pụtara akara nke 5.01/10, na-akwado ya 111th n'ụwa niile n'ime mba 172.

### Mmetọ
Mmetọ ikuku na Malaysia bụ isi okwu, ebe obodo ahụ bụ otu n'ime ihe ọkụkụ na-emetụta oge ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Eshia.

* 1982 Bukit Merah mmetọ redioaktivu
* 2019 Kim Kim River mmetọ nsị

### Nkwupụta
Mweghachi nke dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na-emebi ihe nlegharị anya mangroves na ebe a na-akpa nwa nduru

### Ijikọ ihe na njikwa ihe mkpofu
Obodo a nwere ọtụtụ atumatu na imegharị ihe, mana n'ozuzu oke nke imegharị ihe na nsogbu na mmebi na mmanye nke iwu na atumatu ndị dị otú ahụ.

### Mmiri

## Ọrụ na iwu ndị na-ese okwu

## Òtù ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi

* Malaysian Nature Society
* Global Environment Center
* Klima Action Malaysia

## Hụkwa

* Environment nke Malaysia
* Ikpọkpọsị osisi na Malaysia
* Mgbanwe ihu igwe na Malaysia
* Ndepụta nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi

## Ihe odide


## Njikọ mpụga
Ishaqbini Hirola Conservancy

Ishaqbini Hirola Conservancy bụ mpaghara nchekwa dabere na mpaghara Garissa, Kenya. Ebe nchekwa ahụ na-ekpuchi ihe dịka 72 km2. Ọ dị n'akụkụ akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Osimiri Tana, yana oke ebe nchekwa Primate Reserve mbụ nke Tana River (1976-2007).

N'agbanyeghị nha ya dị ntakịrị, nchekwa ahụ bụ ebe mgbaba na ebe a na-amụ nwa maka antelope Hirola dị oke egwu. Ya na Arawale National Reserve, nchekwa ahụ bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ebe obibi Hirola.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Ndị bi na Hirola, nke dị n'ebe ugwu-ọwụwa anyanwụ Kenya, anọwo n'etiti nhazi nke nchekwa. Na 1963, egwu maka nlanarị ụdị ahụ kpaliri National Park Organisation na Ngalaba Egwuregwu na-agba mbọ iji nlezianya mee ntụgharị nke ihe dị ka 50 Hirola gaa na Tsavo East National Park. N'agbanyeghị na e bu n'obi nke ọma, ndị obodo megidere nsụgharị ahụ nke ukwuu.

Esemokwu na-arị elu na Somalia na 1990s na mbelata ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Hirola na-aga n'ihu, mere ka ndị ọrụ anụ ọhịa Kenya gbanwee nke abụọ na 1996. Mmegide ọhụrụ megide atụmatụ ahụ butere nguzobe nke ọtụtụ otu nchekwa nchekwa obodo. , otu n'ime ha na-ede akwụkwọ nke ọma n'Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu Kenya megide nsụgharị ọ bụla n'ọdịnihu. Ka o sina dị, ntụgharịgharị ndị ahụ ebutelarị ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nọpụrụ adịpụ na ndị nwere ike ịdị ndụ nwere ike 120 Hirola antelopes na Tsavo East National Park.

N'afọ 2005, obodo anọ (Kotile, Korisa, Hara na Abaratilo) mepụtara ma nyefee gọọmentị Kenya ndụmọdụ iji guzobe Ishaqbini Hirola Conservancy.

## Nnụnụ
A na-eme atụmatụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ụdị nnụnụ dị na nchekwa ahụ dị 350. 60% nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ezinụlọ nnụnụ e dekọrọ na Kenya nọ na nchekwa. Edepụtara ụdị iri na atọ na ndepụta data mpaghara East Africa, gụnyere udele nwere mkpuchi na akwa Clarke. Ndị ọzọ, ụdị ndị a na-ahụkarị na-ebi n'ụlọ nchekwa ahụ bụ ụgbala na-agba n'elu, n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ violet na-akwado, onye na-eri aṅụ na-acha ọcha na francolin crested.

Nchekwa ahụ pụrụ iche n'ihi na o nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ụdị dị iche iche nke East Africa Coast na Somali-Masai biomes, ụdị ndị ruru eru mpaghara dịka mpaghara nnụnụ dị mkpa.

## Ihe onwunwe

* (2002) Ihe na-egbochi oke na nkesa Hirola na mpaghara Tsavo na Tana River. Ọrụ anụ ọhịa Kenya: ngalaba nchekwa ihe dị iche iche.
* Antipa, RS, Ali, MH na Hussein, AA (2007) N'ịtụle ikike nke njem nlegharị anya Eco/Cultural dị ka ụlọ ọrụ Viable na Southern Garissa, Ijara na Lamu District: A Community Conservation and Enterprise Support Initiative. National Environment Management Authority nke Kenya.
* Muchai. M. et al. (2007) Nnụnụ nke Ishaqbini Community Conservancy na Ijara District. Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Kenya.
* Muchai, M. et al. (2007) Nkesa, n'ụba na ebe obibi nke nnukwu mamma anụ ụlọ dị na Ishaqbini Community Conservancy, Kenya. Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Kenya.
* Muchai, M. et al. (2007) Nkesa, Uba na ebe obibi eji dinta Hartebeest (Hirola); Beatragus hunteri; Sclater, 1889 na Ishaqibini Community nchekwa anụ ọhịa na Arawale National Reserve, Kenya. Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Kenya.

; Nkọwa

## Njikọ mpụga

* Transboundary Environmental Project (TEP) nke Terra Nuova
* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Kenya
* National Environment Management Authority nke Kenya.
* Ọrụ anụ ọhịa Kenya
Ọdọ Mmiri Rockview

Rockview Dam bụ mmiri mmiri mmiri juru na ụwa nke dị n'akụkụ osimiri Palmiet dị nso na Grabouw, Western Cape, South Africa. E hiwere ya na 1986 ma na-eje ozi maka ebumnuche mgbapụta (nchekwa). Ahọpụtala ihe egwu dị na mmiri mmiri ahụ dị elu (3). [chọrọ nkọwapụta]

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta nke ọdọ mmiri na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị na South Africa
* Ndepụta osimiri nke South Africa

## Ihe odide

* Ndepụta nke South African Dams site na Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Mmiri
Ubi Bonga

Ubi Bonga bụ ebe mmanụ na Naịjirịa. Ọ dị na License block OPL 212 n'akụkụ ụsọ oké osimiri Naijiria, nke e degharịrị aha ya bụ OML 118 na Febụwarị 2000. Ogige ahụ na-ekpuchi ihe dịka 60 km2 na nkezi omimi mmiri dị mita 1,000 (3,300 ft). Achọpụtara ogige ahụ na 1996, na nkwado gọọmentị maka mmepe ya nyere na 2002. Ebe ahụ malitere mmepụta mbụ na November 2005. A na-arụ ọrụ ubi ahụ site na ụgbọ mmiri FPSO. Ala ahụ na-emepụta ma mmanụ ala na gas; A na-ebufe mmanụ ala na ụgbọ mmiri ebe a na-ebuga gas na Naijiria ebe a na-ebupụ ya site na ụlọ ọrụ LNG. Ala ahụ nwere ihe dị ka barel mmanụ 6,000.

The field is operated by Shell Nigeria who own 55% of the license. The other partners in the field development are Exxon (20%), Nigerian AGIP (12.5%) and Elf Petroleum Nigeria Limited (12.5%)

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
N'ịbụ nke dị kilomita 120 (75 mi) ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke Niger Delta, olulu mmiri achọpụtara nke mbụ gbasapụrụ na Septemba 1995 ka ọ nwetasịrị ozi buru ibu gbasara ngọngọ ahụ site na nyocha seismic 3D na 1993/94.

Achọpụtara ogige nke abụọ na ngọngọ na May 2001 nke a maara dị ka Bonga SW, bụ nke zutere nnukwu hydrocarbons. Achọpụtara ubi nke atọ ka emechara na 2004 nke a maara dị ka Bonga North.

## Ọganihu ubi
áká_èkpè|thumb|''Bonga'' FPSO
Emepụtara ogige ahụ dị ka eriri okpuru mmiri azụ na ụgbọ mmiri na-ebufe floating na mbupụ (FPSO). Ugbu a enwere olulu mmiri iri na isii na-amịpụta mmanụ na ịgba mmiri n'ọhịa. Agbanyeghị, a ga-abawanye nke a ruo ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ olulu mmiri 40 ka a na-emepewanye ubi ahụ. N'ihi nnukwu Bonga SW, a na-eche ugbu a na ọ ga-achọ ụlọ mmepụta ihe dị iche iche iji mepụta ubi ahụ nke ọma.

A na-echekwa mmanụ a na-emepụta n'ubi na FPSO maka ibufe ụgbọ mmiri gaa n'ahịa ebe a na-ebupụ gas site na pipeline na Coast Coast Nigeria maka LNG.

Ndị ụlọ ọrụ Samsung Heavy wuru FPSO. E bugara ya na Newcastle n'elu Tyne maka echichi nke usoro topsides. O nwere ọnụọgụ nke mbụ maka ụdị ya. Stolt Offshore nwetara nkwekọrịta SURF (Subsea, Umbilicals, Risers, Flowlines) (nke e mechara kpọọ Acergy na ugbu a Subsea7). Ụgbọ mmiri Stolt POLARIS wụnyere ụzọ ụgbọ mmiri na ihe arụrụ n'okpuru mmiri na ụdị J-Lay na S-Lay pipelay.

Emechiri mmepụta na olulu mmiri ahụ maka izu atọ ka 19 June 2008 gasịrị, mgbe mwakpo sitere na Movement for the Emancipation of Niger Delta.

## Mmanụ a wụpụrụ n'afọ 2011
Na 20 Disemba 2011 mwụfu mmanụ mere na "ikekwe na-erughị barel 40,000, ma ọ bụ galọn 1.68 [6.4 megalitres]". O butere mkpọ mmanụ 185 km (115 mi) n'ogologo n'akụkụ oke osimiri Naijiria. Ma eleghị anya, ọ bụ mwụfu kasị njọ n'ógbè ahụ ruo afọ iri. Mwụfu mmanụ nwere ike ịkpata nnukwu mmebi na gburugburu ebe obibi, dịka ọmụmaatụ mmetọ mmiri, nke na-ebelata azụ azụ na ọrụ ugbo, nke bụ otu n'ime nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na Nigeria.

## Hụkwa
 

* Ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ụgbọala na Nigeria
* Ike ikuku
* Ebe mmanụ

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Bonga Deep water Project site na Shell Nigeria
* 
* 
* 
*
Eugène Rutagarama

Eugène Rutagarama bụ onye na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi si Rwanda. Enyere ya ihe nrite "Goldman Environmental Prize" na 2001, maka mbọ ya na-azọpụta ndị bi na ugwu gorillas na Volcanoes National Park na Virungas ugwu, n'oge agha na-adịbeghị anya esemokwu na Democratic Republic of Congo.

## Ọrụ
Kemgbe 2001, Rutagarama anọwo na-agbasi mbọ ike na mbọ nchekwa ya, na-enye aka na nkwado nke atụmatụ mmekorita zuru ụwa ọnụ iji chebe Central Albertine Rift, mpaghara ama ama maka ahịhịa na anụmanụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ebe obibi nke gorilla ugwu Virunga. Eugène nwekwara ọkwá dị elu na Wildlife Conservation Society, Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund's Karisoke Research Center, na ụlọ ọrụ ogige ntụrụndụ mba Rwanda, biputere agha 1994 na mgbukpọ. Ugbu a, Eugène na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ nchekwa nchekwa dị elu na Wild Earth Allies, ebe ọ na-elekwasị anya na ichekwa ebe obibi gorilla site na ịkwalite mmepe obodo. Afọ abụọ ka e nyechara ya ihe nrite Goldman, Rutagarama weghaara ọkwa onye isi otu International Gorilla Conservation Programme (IGCP). Ọ jere ozi n'ọrụ a afọ itoolu. Na 2012, a họpụtara Rutagarama dị ka onye ndụmọdụ nka na ụzụ na Greater Virunga Transboundary Collaboration, otu gọọmentị etiti nke DR Congo, Rwanda, na Uganda guzobere site na enyemaka nke IGCP.

## Ihe odide

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Njikọ Ọrụ nke Botswana

Botswana Federation of Trade Unions (BFTU) bụ otu ndị ọrụ aka nke mba Botswana. Tọrọ ntọala na 1977, ọ na-anọchite anya ihe karịrị 90% nke òtù ọrụ niile dị na mba ahụ, gụnyere nnukwu òtù niile. BFTU na-eme nhazi ugbu a nke ga-ahụ ka ndị mmekọ ya 25 jikọtara ma belata ọnụ ọgụgụ ruo 13.

BFTU jikọtara ya na otu ndị ọrụ ahia mba ụwa na nhazi nke ịdị n'otu ndị ọrụ azụmahịa nke Africa.

## Ihe odide

*
Botswana Beverages & Allied Workers' Union

Botswana drinks and allied staff union (BB na AWU) bụ otu ndị ọrụ na-arụkọ ọrụ nke Botswana federation of trade union na Botswana.

## Ihe odide

* 
*
Òtù Ndị Ọrụ Na-arụ Ọrụ na Botswana

Botswana na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ (BCWU) bụ otu ndị ọrụ mmekọ nke e Botswana Federation of Trade Unions na Botswana.

## Ihe odide

* 
*
Botswana National Development Bank Staff Union

Otu ndị ọrụ ụlọ akụ mmepe mba Botswana (BNDBU) bụ òtù ọrụ aka nke Botswana Federation of Trade Unions na Botswana.

## Ihe odide

* 
*
National Amalgamated Central, Local & Parastatal Manual Workers' Union

Otu ndị ọrụ ntuziaka nke mba jikọtara etiti, mpaghara na parastatal  (nke a na-akpọkarị The Manuel Workors) bụ òtù ọrụ na Botswana.

## Ihe odide

* 
*
Òtù Ndị Ọrụ Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-akwalite Ime Obodo

Ụlọ ọrụ ime obodo na-akwalite otu ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ  (RIPCWU) bụ **òtù** ọrụ aka nke Botswana Federation of Trade Unions na Botswana.

## Ihe odide

*
Njem na Naịjirịa

thumb|Temple nke chi nwanyị Yoruba Oshun dị na Osun-Osogbo, ihe na-adọrọ mmasị ndị pilgrim na ndị njem nlegharị anya.￼
thumb|African Bush elephants na Yankari National Park, Bauchi State
 
..Njem nlegharị anya na Naijiria gbadoro ụkwụ na mmemme, n'ihi oke agbụrụ dị na mba ahụ, ma gụnyekwara oke ọhịa mmiri ozuzo, savannah, mmiri mmiri na ihe ndị ọzọ na-adọrọ mmasị.[1]  Ndị njem nlegharị anya ji ijeri US$2.6 na Naịjirịa n'afọ 2015. Nke a gbadara ruo ijeri US$1.5 na 2017,[2] eleghị anya n'ihi mmụba nke ọgụ Boko Haram nke afọ 2015.

## Ihe Ndị Na-adọrọ Adọrọ
Abuja bụ ebe ọtụtụ ogige ntụrụndụ na ebe akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nwere nke kacha ibu bụ Millennium Park.  Ọ bụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ Manfredi Nicoletti mere Millennium Park ma United Kingdom's Elizabeth II meghere ya na Disemba 2003.Ogige ntụrụndụ ọzọ dị na Lifecamp Gwarimpa; nso ebe obibi nke Minista nke Federal Capital Territory. Ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ dị n'elu ugwu dịtụ elu nke nwere ụlọ egwuregwu dị ka ụlọ ikpe Basketball na Badminton ogige ntụrụngwa ọzọ bụ ogige ntorobịa obodo, ọ dị na wuse 2 ma bụrụ ebe obibi nke ọtụtụ ihe na-adọrọ mmasị n'èzí na n'ime ụlọ dị ka sinima 4D, astro-turf, ogige tennis, ámá egwuregwu paintball na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ dị iche iche.

Lagos nwere ọtụtụ họtel site na kpakpando atọ ruo kpakpando ise, yana ngwakọta nke họtel ndị dị n'ógbè dị ka Eko Hotels na Suites, Federal Palace Hotel na franchises nke ọtụtụ mba dị ka Intercontinental Hotel, Sheraton na Four Points by Hilton. Ebe ndị ọzọ na-adọrọ mmasị gụnyere Tafawa Balewa Square, obodo Festac, Nike Art Gallery, Freedom Park, Lagos na Cathedral Church of Christ, Lagos.

Kemgbe afọ 2005, ụgbọ ala na-arịgo mita 870 (2,850 ) site na ala ruo n'elu ala dị larịị na-enye ndị nleta ọhụụ mara mma mgbe ha na-agafe okporo ụzọ na-agbagharị agbagharị ruo n'ihu. A na-ahụ ebe ezumike ahụ na Obudu Plateau, nso n'ókè Cameroon n'akụkụ ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Cross River State, ihe dịka kilomita 110 (68 mi) n'ebe ọwụwa Anyanwụ  obodo Ogoja na kilomita 65 (40 mi) site n'obodo Obudu na Obanliku Local Government Area  Cross River Steeti.
Ọ dị ihe dị ka minit 30 site n'obodo Obudu ma dị ihe dị na kilomita 332 (206 mi) site na Calabar, isi obodo Cross River State. Ọrụ ụgbọ elu dị na ọdụ ụgbọ elu Bebi nke dị n'etiti obodo Obudu na ebe ezumike. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ụlọ ahụ ahụla ọtụtụ ndị njem nleta Naijiria na mba ụwa n'ihi mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ ndị njem nlegharị anya site na Gọọmentị Cross-River State, nke gbanwere ụlọ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ ebe ezumike a ma ama na ebe ezumike ndị njem nlele na Naijiria.
Nkwekọrịta Banyere Nchebe nke Anụmanụ na Flora na Ọnọdụ Okike ha

thumb|Nkwekọrịta Banyere Nchebe nke Anụmanụ na Flora na Ọnọdụ Okike ha
Nkwekọrịta metụtara nchekwa nke ọhịa na anụmanụ na steeti ha, nke a makwaara dị ka Nkọwa London nke afọ 1933, [1] bụ **nkwekọrịta** mbụ n'etiti ndị na-achị ala maka nchekwa okike. [2] Dị ka otu n"ime nkwenye nchedo mbụ na Africa, na nke mbụ iji chebe ụdị osisi kpọmkwem, a kpọrọ ya Magna Carta nke nchekwa anụ ọhịa [2] na "ebe dị elu nke nchekwa ọdịdị ụwa tupu Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ".

## Usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị
Nkwekọrịta ahụ bụ nsonaazụ nke Nzukọ Mba Nile nke afọ 1933 maka Nchebe nke anụmanụ na ọhịa nke Africa, nke Richard Onslow, 5th Earl of Onslo, onye isi oche nke Society for the Preservation of the Wild Faun of l'Empire, duziri. [1] Ọ dabeere na Nchịkọta London nke afọ 1900, nke e kwekọrịtara ma ọ bataghị n'ọrụ n"ihi enweghị nkwado.

Ndị bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ 1933 bụ mba Belgium, mba Egypt, France, mba Italy, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Union of South Africa na mba United Kingdom na mpaghara ya. Ha niile ma e wezụga mba France na mba Spain kwadoro nkwekọrịta ahụ n'afọ 1935, British India batara n'akụkụ ụfọdụ n'afọ 1939. N'afọ 1950, mba Portugal kwadoro ya, n'ọnwa afọ 1963, Tanganyika, nke nweere onwe ya n"oge ahụ, sonyeere mgbakọ ahụ.

Nkwekọrịta Afrịka na Nchekwa nke Okike na Akụ na Ala nọchiri Nchịkọta mba London nke afọ 1933 na afọ 1968.

## Ọrụ
Nkwekọrịta ahụ nyere ndị bịanyere aka iwu ka ha guzobe ogige ntụrụndụ na ebe nchekwa ma belata ebe obibi mmadụ n'ime ya, iji zụlite anụmanụ bara uru, na iji machibido usoro ndị na-abụghị nke egwuregwu. Ọ chọkwara ka steeti nye nchebe pụrụ iche na ndepụta nke ụdị.

### Ụdị ndị a na-echebe
Nkwekọrịta ahụ nyere ọkwa dịgasị iche iche nke nchebe na ụdị abụọ.

#### Klas A
A ga-achụ nta ma ọ bụ gbuo anụmanụ iri na asaa na-enye nwa ara, nnụnụ atọ na otu ụdị osisi dị na Klas A naanị site na ikike pụrụ iche nke a gafere naanị maka nyocha sayensị maọbụ ebumnuche ndị ọzọ dị oke egwu.

#### Klas B
Ikike maka ịchụ nta ụmụ anụmanụ nọ na Klas B bụ nke a kwadoro site na ikike pụrụ iche, mana maka nzube ọ bụla.

## Ihe edeturu

## Ebensidee
 

## Njikọ mpụga
Pyramids nke mkpụrụ osisi

thumb|Pyramids nke ala nut na Kano, Nigeria
**Pyramids nke** ala bụ ihe owuwu yiri pyramid nke e ji akpa ala mee. A rụrụ pyramids n'obodo ndị ugwu na Naijiria dị ka Kano, ebe mmepụta mkpụrụ osisi bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke akụ na ụba. A na-ele ha anya dị ka ihe na'adọta ndị njem nleta na ihe nnọchianya nke akụ na ụba. N'afọ ndị 1960 na 70, ka mmepụta na Naịjirịa gbanwere site n'ọrụ ugbo gaa na mmanụ, pyramids nke okpekere lara n"iyi. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, gọọmentị Naijiria gbaliri ike aka ha iji mee ka ụlọ ọrụ okpekere dị ndụ ma ruzie pyramids.

Pyramids okpekere bụ ihe Alhassan Dantata mepụtara, onye a ma ama na-ere ahịa okpekere. Dantata bịara Kano na 1919 ma n'ime afọ ise ọ bụ otu n"ime ndị mere ofuma na azụmahịa a, na-enyekwa Royal Niger Company (RNC) ọtụtụ okpekere ha na-eme . Ụlọ ọrụ Dantata debere mkpụrụ osisi ha n'otu ụlọ ọrụ dị na Kofar Nassarawa, ha wee kwa kote akpa ndị ahụ n"ụdị pyramid tupu ebufee ha. Enwere ike iji ihe ruru akpa okpekere 15,000 mee otu pyramid. Otu onye nta akụkọ nke gara ebe pyramid nke dị na Kano kọrọ na ala ahụ bụzi ogige bọọlụ.

Ha rụrụ pyramids n'ala ndi ugwu na Naịjirịa, n"obodo ndị dị ka Kofar Mazugal, Brigade, Bebeji, Malam Madori na Dawakin Kudu. Pyramids bịa ziri dizie ka akụ na ụba ọrụ ugbo nke Naijiria; wee bụ na stampụ post gosipụtara pyramid okpekere. Otú ọ dị, ka mmepụta okpekere na-ebelata na 1970s na 80s pyramids okpekere ndụ na'efu ejiri ụlọ dochie ya.

## Mgbalị nke Oge A
Na Febụwarị 24, 2014, Dr. Akimwumi Adesina, Minista nke Ọrụ Ugbo na Mmepe Ime Obodo malitere ọrụ ọnụ ahịa okpekere. Ọrụ a bụ njikọ aka n'etiti Gọọmentị Federal (FG) nke Naijiria na International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT). Ebumnuche ha dị n'ụzọ abụọ: ịme ka mmepụta okpekere n'eto na Naịjirịa ma n'eruzi pyramid okpekere a Onye isi ala Goodluck Jonathan kwughachiri mmasị gọọmentị iruharia pyramids n'okwu ngọzi nke àkwà mmiri na Machị 2015.

## Ihe odide

Òtù:Ȯra Kano
Linus Williams

Linus Williams (amụrụ 14 Maachị 1998) nke a na-akpọkarị B-lord bụ onye ọchụnta ego amụrụ na Naịjirịa, onye ọchụnta ego, onye na-azụ ahịa cryptocurrency.na onye na-etinye ego. Linus bụ onye nchoputa na onye isi oche nke Blord Group

## Mmalite ndụ & Ọrụ
Amụrụ na March 14, 1998, Linus Williams si Umuji Ebenebe na Awka North Local Government, Anambra State, Nigeria. N'agbanyeghị na amuru ya na steeti Delta, ọ nọrọ afọ ntolite ya na steeti Delta. Linus gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Anambra State University Uli, bụ ebe ọ gụrụ akara ugo mmụta sayensị na Kọmputa.

Na 2017, Linus malitere njem ọkachamara ya site n'iche ọrụ nke onye nchịkwa azụmahịa na Instagram. Isi ihe ya lekwasịrị anya bụ ịkekọrịta nghọta azụmaahịa bara uru, ọkachasị na mpaghara azụmaahịa cryptocurrency. N'ịdabere na nka ya, o nyere ndụmọdụ na nduzi bara uru nye ndị na-eso ụzọ ya, na-enyere ha aka ịnyagharịa mgbagwoju anya nke mpaghara azụmahịa.

N'ịbụ onye agụụ ya nwere maka ụlọ ọrụ cryptocurrency kpalitere, Linus guzobere ikpo okwu mgbanwe cryptocurrency nke ya na Onitsha, steeti Anambra. Akpọrọ aha azụmaahịa ahụ nke ọma B-Lord Group of Company, yana ọhụụ nke ime mgbanwe ka ndị mmadụ si etinye ego dijitalụ.

Na 2022, Linus tọrọ ntọala Fin-tech App, BillPoint: VTU & Payment Payment nke o kwuru na ngwa ahụ bụ maka ịkekọrịta ihe ọmụma na ịkwado ike ego site na ikpo okwu ya na-egosi nkwa ya n'ịkwalite mgbanwe dị mma n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.

## Esemokwu

### ''EFCC jidere''
Na Septemba 1, 2020, ndị Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) nwụchiri Linus Williams Ifejika na steeti Enugu. Mgbe ọ nọrọ ụbọchị iri n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, a tọhapụrụ ya n'ikpeazụ.

Otú ọ dị, n'ịbụ ndị na-enweghị afọ ojuju na ahụmahụ ya, Linus kpebiri ime ihe n'iwu megide EFCC, na-ebo ha ebubo na ha na-emebi ikike ya na ijikwa ihe onwunwe ya n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi. na-ewelitekwa nchegbu banyere izi ezi nke omume ndị e mere megide ya.

## Ndụ onwe onye
Ọ lụrụ Linus Francisca, ma ha nwere otu nwa aha ya bụ Elliot, onye a mụrụ na 2020.

## Ụlọ ọrụ
Otu Blord nwere ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere
* Jetpay Universe (Mobile App)
* Billpoint App (BillPoint: VTU & Bills Payment)

## Edemsibịa

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Biyi Afonja

thumb|Biyi Afonja
 

**Amụrụ Biiyi Afonja**  bụ onye  ọka mmụta ma bụrụ kwa onye Naijiria n'afọ 1935 . Ọ lara ezumike ọrụ oyibo na ọkwa prọfesọ  nke Statistics na Ngalaba n'akuzi Statistics na  Mahadum Ibadan . Ọ bụ onye Naijiria mbụ ịbụ Onye isi oche nke African Statistical Association.

## Agụmakwụkwọ ya
Ọ malitere njem agụmakwụkwọ ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ All Saints' School, nke dị na Araromi Orita tupu ogafee na Government College, Ibadan maka ịgụ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya. Agụmakwụkwọ   ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ  dị elu kpọgara ya na Mahadum College, Ibadan (nke a n'akpọzị  ugbua Mahadum Ibadan dị na Naịjirịa)  o nwetere  nzere Bsc. na mgbakọ na mwepụ na Mahadum Aberdeen, Scotland nweta kwa Diploma na Statistics na Mahadum nke Wisconsin, USA nweta kwa nzere ukwuu PhD na ọnụ ọgụgụ.

## Ọrụ ọha na eze na ugo ndị etunyere ya
Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na ọnọdụ ukwuu dị iche iche dị ka Onye isi, Ngalaba nke Statistics na Mahadum Ibadan, Kọmishọna  n'ahụ maka Mmụta na oge gara aga na mpaghara odida anyanwu Western State of Nigeria. Omechara bụrụ kwa onye isi oche National Advisory Council on Statistics, bụrụ kwa onye isi oche Governing Council nke Ogun State College of Education na Pro-Chancellor  nke Mahadum Ogun State nke ana akpọzi  Olabisi Onabanjo University Ago Iwoye Ugbua. 

## Ebe msi dee

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Olalekan Olude

**Olalekan Olude** bụ onye ọchụ ego nke obodo Naijiria, onye  ya na onye ọzọ tikọtara aka nwé guzobere Jobberman, bụ ihe nchọgharị ọrụ kachasị ewu ewu na mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ, Africa Ọ bụ kwa onye ndụmọdụ pụrụ iche na ihe gbasara okike ọrụ na ihe gbasara ikwagide ndị ntorobịa nye Gọvanọ Ogun steeti Dapo Abiodun.

E tunyeru Olude akara ugo nke otu n'ime ndị ntorobịa naarị  ndị Naijiria a kachasị eto eto site na Avance Media na 2016.

## Ihe omuma agụmakwụkwọ

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù Ndị Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Nri nke Botswana

Ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ anụ ụlọ nke Botswana (BMIWU)Ƙungiyar ƙwadago ce ta ƙungiyar kwadago ta Botswana a cikin n

na Botswana.

## Ihe odide

* 
*
Evelyn Acham

**Evelyn Acham** (a mụrụ ya n'ihe dị ka n'ubochi 15 nke ọnwa Juun n'afọ 1991) bụ onye na-ahụ maka ikpe ziri ezi na ihu igwe si mba Kampala Uganda na onye nhazi mba Uganda nke Rise Up Movement, nke enyi ya na onye nhazi ibe ya Vanessa Nakate guzobere.

A mụrụ Acham n'ihe dị ka afọ 1991. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke +1Tree Project, ebe ebumnuche ya bụ ịkụ osisi 9,000,000. N'ọnwa Mee 26, 2020, Acham bụ otu n'ime ndị otu maka usoro webinar ActionAid na Women's Agenda Women Leading Climate Action, nke bụ mkparịta ụka mmekọrịta na-emetụta etu ụmụnwanyị si lụso mgbanwe ihu igwe ọgụ n'oge COVID-19. O gosiputara n'akụkụ Inge Relph - onye isi nchịkwa na onye guzobere Global Choices - na Emma Wilkin - onye nhazi nke Global Choices" Arctic Angels - maka 2020 Model United Nations (MUN) Impact Global Summit. N'afọ 2021, ọ gara nzukọ mgbanwe ihu igwe nke United Nations nke afọ 2021 ma nọchite anya Friday for Future Most Affected People and Areas (MAPA). Friday for Future MAPA bụ otu n'ime ndị na-akwado ihu igwe nke e guzobere mgbe ndị na-ahụ maka ihu igwe Greta Thunberg mere ngagharị iwe n'afọ 2018. Evelyn Acham bụ onye guzobere Climate Justice for Healthy Communities (CJHC), otu na-abụghị nke gọọmentị nke dị na mba Kampala, Uganda. Ebumnuche nke nzukọ ahụ bụ ichebe ma melite ahụike na ọdịmma nke ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu, ọkachasị ndị nọ n'obodo ndị nwere nnukwu ihe ize ndụ, site na ihe ize ndụ ndị metụtara mgbanwe ihu igwe, Acham na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na Girl on the Move Initiative, nke onye ọrụ ibe ya Isaac Ssentumbwe guzobere, iji nye ụmụagbọghọ puku ise (5,000) hapụrụ agụmakwụkwọ ha n'ihi mgbanwe ihu igwe n'afọ 2030. Acham gosipụtakwara na mkparịta ụka Climate Hub nke The New York Times ' 2021 "Passing the Torch: Intergenerational Climate Dialogues" n'akụkụ Jerome Foster II, Aya Chebbi, na Mary Robinson.

Njikọ ndị ọzọ Acham gụnyere Youth for Future Africa na Global Choices 'Arctic Angels.

## Nkwado
Ọ ghọrọ onye otu Global Witness Advisory Council n'afọ 2022

A họpụtara ya n'etiti ụmụnwanyị 100 na-emepụta Africa ka mma n'afọ 2023

O wepụtara onwe ya dị ka onye mmụọ ozi Arctic na Global Choices kemgbe 2020

Onye so na Fridays For Future MAPA kemgbe afọ 2020

Ọ gara ma kwuo okwu na COP26 na mba Scotland, emume mmeghe nke onye isi obodo Grenoble na France, na ọkà okwu na nzukọ ụwa nke Austria na Youth Climate Conservation Summit na Mahadum Princeton.

## Ebensidee

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Bill Gates

**William Henry Gates nke III** (amụrụ n'Oktoba 28, 1955) bụ onye ọchụnta ego America, onye na-etinye ego, na onye ọrụ obiọma. A maara ya nke ọma maka ịtọ ntọala nnukwu ngwanrọ Microsoft, ya na enyi ya ọmatara na nwata Paul Allen onye na-awuọla. [1] N'oge ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Microsoft, Gates nwere ọkwa onye isi oche, onye isi nchịkọta (CEO), onye isi na onye isi na-ahụ maka ngwanrọ, mgbe ọ bụkwa onye nwere oké kachasị ruo na Mee 2014. Ọ bụ ọchụnta ego kaa, onye nke mgbanwe microcomputer nke 1970s na 1980s.

A mụrụ ma zụlite Gate na Seattle.
Cornelius Adam Igbudu

**Cornelius Adam Igbudu** (1914-1981) bu onye ozioma nke Naijiria hibere Anglican Adam Preaching Society (A.A.P.S), otu ndi ozioma na Churchka Anglican nke Nigeria.
Enyere ya ikike ibibi nsogbu ahu ike.

N'afo 1992, Profesor Michael Y. Nabofa dere akwukwo gbasara ndu ya nke a kporo: "Adam: The Evangelist".
Na May 1998, Profesor Sam U. Erivwo dere na Cornelius Adam Igbudu bu onye Bishop Agori Iwe ji "na oke nkwanye ugwu".

## Ntuaka
Njem nlegharị anya na chad

Njem nlegharị anya na Chad bụ ụlọ ọrụ pere mpe.

Ndị njem nlegharị anya ga-enwerịrị akwụkwọ ikike ngafe na visa, yana ihe akaebe nke ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa yellow fever. N'ihe dị ka afọ 2000, e nwere ihe dị ka ndị njem nlegharị anya 43,000 na mba ahụ. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2000, e nwere ihe dịka ndị njem nleta 43,000 na mba ahụ. Chad nwere ọnụ ụlọ nkwari akụ 677 nwere àkwà 1,250 n'afọ ahụ. Ngalaba US State mere atụmatụ na nkezi kwa ụbọchị nke ịnọ na N'Djamena bụ $ 239 na 2002, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe na-erughị $ 50 n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke mba ahụ.

## Hụkwa

* Iwu visa nke Chad

## Edensibia
Aṣa

thumb|Aṣa
 

**Bukola Elemide** (bụ onye amụrụ ka mkpụrụ ụbọchị dị na iri na asaa n'onwa Septemba, n'afọ 1982), nke a maara dị ka Aṣa (/ˈæʃə/ ASH-ə, French: ), bụ onye Nigeria na kwa onye French na-agụ egwu,  na-ede egwu, na onye na-edekọ egwu.

 

## Isi mbụ afọ ọ malitere
A mụrụ Aṣa na Paris nye nne na nna Naijiria na-arụ ọrụ ma na agụ kwa akwụkwọ maka ihe nkiri  na ihe onyonyo na France. Ezinụlọ ya laghachiri ga biri na Naịjirịa mgbe ọ dị afọ abụọ. Nne na nna ya si Itoku, n'okpuru ọchịchị Abeokuta South nke Ogun State, nke Naijiria. Aṣa tolitere n'obodo mepere emepe nke Legọsụ , n'akụkụ ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke Naịjirịa.O rue ka  afọ iri na asatọ gasịrị, Ọ laghachiri mba Paris, ebe ndụ ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe malitere. O nwere ụmụnne nwoke atọ tọrọ ya.

Ka afọ  na agafe,ude ịkụ egwu ya malitere ito site na nchịkọta egwu dị ukwuu nna ya nwuru maka ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe nkiri na ihe onyonyo. Ihe ndekọ ndị a na-egosi ndị America, Naijiria na ndị Afrịka, gụnyere ndị na-akụ egwu dịka Marvin Gaye, Fela Kuti, Bob Marley, Aretha Franklin, King Sunny Adé, Diana Ross, Nina Simone, na Miriam Makeba. Aṣa nwetara nkpalite site na nchịkọta nke ndepụta egwu nke nna ya.

## Ọrụ
N'afọ 2004, *Asa* zutere onye njikwa ya na enyi ya, Janet Nwose, onye mere ka ya Cobhams Asuquo mata onwe ha, onye  mechara ghọrọ onye na-emepụta abọm studio mbụ ya Asa (Asha).

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Tunisian franc

thumb|Tunisian Franc
 

Franc (**French**, Arabic) bụ ego nke ndi Tunisia n'etiti afọ 1891 ruo na 1958. E kewara ya na 100 centimes (صنتيم) ma hara ka franc French.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Franki nọchiri Anya rial na afo 1891 na ọnụego nke 1 rial = 60 centimes. O nwere mkpụrụ ego na akwụkwọ ego ndị e mepụtara maka Tunisia, ọ bụ ezie na akwụkwọ ego mbụ bụ mbipụta Algeria nke e ji "Tunisie" mee ihe. A gbanwere franc na afo 1960 site na dinar na ọnụego nke 1000 francs = 1 dinar, ebe e guzobere dinar dịka unit nke akaụntụ na 1958.

## Ego igwe
E wepụtara mkpụrụ ego mbụ a na-akpọ franc na afo 1887, tupu franc aghọọ ego nke ndi Tunisia. Ndị a bụ mkpụrụ ego ọla edo 25 rial nke a na-edekwa akara "15 F" iji gosipụta uru ha na francs French. N'afọ 1891, e webatara ọla nchara 1, 2, 5 na 10 centimes, ọlaọcha 50 centimes, 1 na 2 francs, na ọla edo 10 na 20 francs, ha niile hà nhata na nha na ihe mejupụtara na mkpụrụ ego French kwekọrọ. E wepụtara 1 na 2 cents naanị n'afọ ahụ.

N'afọ 1918, e webatara oghere, nickel-bronze 5, 10 na 25 centimes, na-esote, na afo 1921, aluminum-bronze 50 centimes, 1 na 2 francs na ọlaọcha 10 na 20 francs na afo 1930. Ọzọkwa, mkpụrụ ego ndị a kwekọrọ na mkpụrụ ego ndị France n'ogo na ihe mejupụtara ya. Otú ọ dị, na afo 1934, e webatara mkpụrụ ego ọlaọcha 5 francs, n'agbanyeghị na a na-eji nickel eme francs 5 nke ndi France. Dịka ọ dị na Obodo France, e webatara mkpụrụ ego zinc 10 na 20 centimes n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ na mkpụrụ ego ọlaọcha kwụsịrị.
Estelle Akofio-Sowah

**Estelle Akofio-Sowah** bụ onye a mụrụ na Scotland , onye ọchụnta ego Ghana na onye isi obodo CSquared Ghana ugbu a na onye bụ bu onye isi  Google Ghana. Estelle bụ bu onye isi nchịkwa nke BusyInternet, onye na-enye ọrụ ịntanetị na Ghana.

## Oge ọ malitere
A mụrụ Estelle na Scotland n'aka nna Ghana. Ezinụlọ ya kwa gara Osu na Ghana mgbe ọ dị ọnwa isii.

## Mmụta
Ọ gara Ghana International School mgbe ahụ na Mahadum Sussex ebe o nwere akara ugo mmụta na Economics and Development Studies yana Fellow nke klas nke abụọ nke Africa Leadership Initiative-West Africa na onye otu Aspen Global Leadership Network.

## Ọrụ
Estelle bụ onye isi mba ugbu a maka Google Ghana. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi nchịkwa maka Busyinternet, ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ISP, cyber cafe na ụlọ ọrụ azụmahịa. Ọ bụ onye njikwa nnọkọ na oriri na La Palm Royal Beach Hotel na onye nchịkwa ọrụ nke National Poverty Reduction Program na ProNet, onye mmekọ NGO nke Water Aid UK. Ọ bụkwa onye isi oche nke Ghana Internet Service Providers Association.

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Nkwenye Ezulwini

Ezulwini Consensus bụ ọnọdụ na mmekọrịta mba ụwa na mgbanwe nke United Nations, nke African Union kwenyere. Ọ na-akpọ oku maka ndị nnọchiteanya na ndị ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, nke Africa, dị ka mpaghara ụwa ndị ọzọ niile, na-anọchite anya ya.

## Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga
.. Nkwekọrịta ahụ bụ aha Ezulwini, ndagwurugwu dị n'etiti Eswatini (nke a na-akpọ Swaziland n'oge ahu), bụ ebe e mere nkwekọrịta ahụ na 2005.[1].  A nabatara nkwenye ahụ na nnọkọ pụrụ iche nke Council Executive of the African Union, na Maachị 2005, na Addis Ababa.

## Nkwekọrịta
Nkwekọrịta ahụ kpuchiri ọtụtụ ebe, gụnyere: EXECUTIVE COUNCIL, 7th Extraordinary Session (7-8 March 2005). Ọnọdụ CommON AFRICAN n'elu ihe mgbochi nke mba UNITED: "THE EZULWINI CONSENSUS" (Report). Njikọ Afrịka.

### Nchebe ọha - usoro mgbochi

* Nkwado egwu siri ike nke HIV / AIDS, ịda ogbenye, na mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi
* Ịgba ume ka e wepụ ụgwọ nke steeti ndị ji nnukwu ụgwọ
* Na-atụ aro nnabata nke nkwupụta Lomé na nkwupụta Algiers na mgbanwe ndị gọọmentị na-akwadoghị.
* Na-akpọ ka a kwụsị mmepụta, ịzụ ahịa, na ịkwakọba obere ngwa ọgụ na ngwa ngwa (SALW).￼
* Na-atụ aro usoro maka "ikpochapụ ngwá agha nuklia kpamkpam"

* Nlezianya na-eme ka ibu ọrụ chebe: "Ọ dị mkpa ikwughachi ọrụ nke steeti iji chebe ụmụ amaala ha, mana ekwesighi iji nke a mee ihe dị ka ihe ngọpụ iji mebie ọbụbụeze, nnwere onwe na iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke steeti. "
* Ịmachibido iji ike eme ihe ọ bụla na-abụghị Nkeji edemede 51 nke Charter UN (nchebe onwe onye) na Nkeji edemedo 4h nke AU (igbochi genocicide na mpụ dị egwu megide mmadụ).
* Na-akpọ òkù ka UN kwado ma kwado ndị na-ahụ maka udo nke ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara dị ka AU nyere.
* Na-atụ aro ka e nwee ụlọ ọrụ na-ewu udo.

## Nkwekọrịta ndị metụtara ya

*
* Nkwekọrịta Algiers Banyere Iyi ọha egwu
* Nkwupụta Lomé
* Nkwupụta Algiers

## Ihe odide
Njem nleta na Cape Verde

thumb|Njem gburugburu ebe obibi na-etolite gburugburu ugwu Pico do Fogo na Fogo.
**Njem nlegharị anya na Cape Verde, otu agwaetiti dị n'akụkụ ụsọ oké osimiri Senegal, West Africa, malitere na 1970s n'agwaetiti Sal wee jiri nwayọ na-abawanye na 1980 na 1990.**

## Nchịkọta
thumb|Ebe ezumike na Sal
Njem nlegharị anya nyere US $ 41 nde na akụnụba obodo n'afọ 2000. Ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ nyere 2.0% na GDP na 1997, nke mụbara ruo 6.8% na 2001a maka ndị njem nleta si n'ọtụtụ ụwa. Otú ọ dị, n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, e mepụtara nnwere onwe visa maka ụmụ amaala European Union, ụmụ amaala nke United States na Canada, na ụmụ amaala mba Europe na-abụghị mpaghara Schengen ma malite na 1 Jenụwarị 2019.

## Ọnụọgụ
Ọtụtụ ndị ọbịa na ụlọ ebe obibi ndị njem, site na obodo obibi, na 2015:

## Edensibia

## Akwụkwọ

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## Njikọ mpụga