open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
National Organization for Women v. Scheidler

***National Organization for Women v. Scheidler***, 510 U.S. 249 (1994), bụ ikpe Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke United States nke Ụlọikpe kpebiri na Iwu Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) nwere ike itinye aka na ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-enweghị ebumnuche akụ na ụba; ndị na-emegide ite ime nwere ike ikpe n'okpuru ya. Nzukọ na-enweghị na ụdị nke ụwa họrọ site n'ime ụmụ ebumnuche akụ na ụba ka nwere ike imetụta azụmahịa mba ọzọ ma ọ bụ azụmaahịa mba ọzọ ma si otú a mezuo nkọwa nke Iwu ahụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ịgba chaa chaa.

Ụlọikpe ahụ emeghị mkpebi ma Pro-Life Action Network, nzukọ a na-ekwu maka ya, emeela ihe ndị a ga-ekpe na ụdị nke ụwa ikpe n'okpuru RICO.

G. Robert Blakey rụrụ ụka maka Joseph Scheidler, ebe Miguel Estrada nọchitere anya United States dị ka *amicus curiae* na-akwado mgbanwe.

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta nke ikpe mkpegharị

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ
Joseph Scheidler #NOW v. Scheidler na-atụle usoro ikpe ahụ sara mbara, tupu na mgbe mkpebi Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke afọ 1994.

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ihe odide nkeNational Organization for Women v. Scheidler,510 U.S.249  (1994) dị site na: Onye na-ahụ maka ụlọ ikpe  Chọta Iwu  Justia  Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ nke Congress  Gee ntị (okwu ọnụ)
Iwu Ikpe Ziri Ezi (Northern Ireland) 1945

**Iwu Ikpe Ziri Ezi (Northern Ireland) 1945** (c. 15) bụ Iwu nke Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu nke Northern Ireland.

Akụkụ a na-enye nkwado nke ime ihe n'ezi obi iji chekwaa ndụ nne. Mmebi iwu ahụ gbakwunyere mmebi iwu nke ite ime (n'okpuru Mmebi iwu megide Iwu Onye 1861), nke na-emetụta ụmụaka Akwụkwọ ezinụlọ nke ụlọ ọrụ y a na-amụbeghị amụ na-enweghị ike ịmụ dị ndụ. E wepụrụ mmejọ megide Iwu Onye 1861 maka Northern Ireland n'ọnwa Ọktoba 2019.

Ndokwa ndị ọzọ nke Iwu ahụ na-ekwu maka usoro mpụ dị iche iche, akwụkwọ ikike nyocha metutara na ụlọ ndị akwụna, nrụgide alụmdi na nwunye, na mmachibido iwu maka iwere foto n'ụlọ ikpe.

## Ntụaka
Iwu Agha Agha 1803

43 Geo. 3. c. 58, nke a na-akpọkarị **Iwu Lord Ellenborough** na mgbe ụfọdụ a na-ezo aka na ya dị ka Iwu Mgbukpọ 1803 ma ọ bụ Iwu Mgbakpọ 1803, bụ Iwu nke Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu nke United Kingdom nke Great Britain na Ireland.

Onye isi ikpe nke England na Wales, Edward Law, 1st Baron Ellenborough chepụtara iwu ahụ. Lord Ellenborough chọrọ ímé ihe nọr ka ébé ike ịbelata ka iwu metụtara ite ime doo anya, nke, n'oge ahụ, akọwaghị n'ụzọ doro anya na iwu obodo. E webatara iwu ahụ na House of Lords na Machị 1803 dị ka Malicious Shootings Bill ma gụnyekwa ndokwa maka ịkọwa mmebi iwu ndị ọzọ. Mgbe emezigharịrị ya n'ụzọ dị iche iche, a gafere ya na House of Commons na 18 Mee.

Iwu ahụ kwuru na ọ bụ mmejọ maka onye ọ bụla ime ma ọ bụ mee ka a tụfuo afọ ime. ntaramahụhụ maka ịrụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ ịnwa ịrụ ọrụ na-eme ka ite ímé ihe nọr ka ébé dị ngwa bụ ntaramahụwarị ọnwụ (nkebi nke 1) ma ọ bụghị ya bụ njem ruo afọ iri na anọ (nkebe nke 2).

E mere ndokwa yiri nke a maka Scotland site na Malicious Wounding, wdg. (Scotland) Act 1825 (6 Geo. 4. c. 126, Iwu iji mee ndokwa na Scotland maka mgbochi nke ịgba égbè agbagbu ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ n'ihe ọjọọ na ịnwa ịgbapụ égbè, ịma, ịkpụ, mmerụ ahụ, nsí, imebi, na imebi ndị Eze Ukwu).

A kagbuola Iwu ahụ site na ngalaba 1 nke Iwu Mmebi Iwu megide Onye nke 1828.

## Hụkwa

* Mmebi iwu megide Iwu Onye 1861
* Iwu Ịkwụsị Ime 1967
* Iwu Ime Ime Ime Ime Anụ Mmadụ na Embryology Act 1990

## Ihe edeturu

## Ntụaka

*
Enweghị nkwarụ n'ime ime

Nkwarụ nwa e bu n'afọ bụ ịdị adị nke ihe ịrịba ama na-eyi ndụ egwu ma ọ bụ ihe ịrịbaanya siri ike nke ga-eduga ma ọ bụ na ndụ na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ kachasị njọ, nkwarụ na-egbu egbu nke na-eme ka nwa e bu pụta ụwa ghara ịdị ndụ n'èzí ahụ nwanyị dị ime.   Ọ bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ ihe kpatara ya n'ime Iwu Mgbochi Ímé nwanne nwoke na nwanyị nwere mmasị Ọpụpụ, Mmekọrịta Mmekọrịta na Ime Ọpụmkpụ nke New Zealand 1977, nke e dezigharịrị n'afọ 1978, na Nkebi 187A nke Iwu Mpụ 1961.&#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Ntụaka
Nwaanyị D

Amy Dunne bụ nwa agbọghọ dị afọ iri na ụma nke tụụrụ ime mgbe ọ nọ n'okpuru nlekọta HSE na 2007. Nnyocha nke nwa e bu n'afọ gosiri na ọ na-arịa ọrịa anencephaly. Nsogbu a na-egbu egbu pụtara na nwa ahụ agaghị ebi ogologo oge n'èzí afọ. Dunne chọrọ ịga United Kingdom maka ite ime, ebe ọ bụ na a machibidoro ite ime na Ireland nke ukwuu. HSE gbalịrị ịkwụsị ya ịga, site n'ịgwa ya n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na ha nwere iwu ụlọ ikpe na-egbochi na ụdị nke ụwa họrọ site n'ime ụmụ ya ime njem, ọ ga-ejikwa ya mee Ihe nke ụwa họrọ site n'ime ụmụ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, ma degara Garda Síochána akwụkwọ ozi na-arịọ ha ka ha kwụsị njem ya. Kemgbe Ndezigharị nke Iri na Atọ nke Iwu Iwu nke Ireland na 1992, ọ bụghị iwu na-akwadoghị ịga njem n'èzí Ireland maka ite ime.

Otu onye ọka ikpe nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu kpebiri na o nwere Okike nke eluigwe na ụwa họrọ ịga UK, ma katọọ usoro HSE ji mee ihe n'okwu ahụ. E nyere HSE iwu ka ọ kwụọ ụgwọ, nke e mere atụmatụ na ọ ruru € 1 nde.   &#x5B;**&#x5D;

O nwere ọgwụ, ọ bụghị ịwa ahụ ite ime na UK. HSE jụrụ ikwu ma ọ bụrụ na ha kwụrụ ụgwọ ite ime.

* *Attorney General v. X*
* C Ọnọdụ
* *D na Ireland*
* Ọnwụ Savita Halappanavar
* Ndezigharị nke Asatọ nke Iwu Iwu nke Ireland
* Ms Y
* Nchebe nke Ndụ n'oge Ime 2013
* *PP megide HSE*
* Sheila Hodgers

## Ntụaka
Schenck v. Pro-Choice Network nke Western New York

Schenck v. Pro-Choice Network of Western New York, 519 U.S. 357 (1997), bụ ikpe a nụrụ n'ihu Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke United States metụtara nchebe iwu nke ịnweta ite ime. Ajụjụ a jụrụ n'ihu ụlọ ikpe ahụ bụ ma e mebiri Ndezigharị Mbụ site n'inye ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe n'èzí ụlọ ọgwụ ite ime. Ụlọ ikpe kpebiri na mkpebi 6-3 na "ebe mgbochi na-ese n'elu mmiri" nke na-egbochi ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe ịbịaru ndị mmadụ n'ihe ndị mere n'oge ochie nakwa n'oge kwesịrị ekwesị nso ịbanye ma ọ bụ pụọ n'ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ megidere iwu, ọ bụ ezie na "ebe nchekwa a kwụ ọtọ" gburugburu ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ n'onwe ha nọgidere bụrụ iwu. Ikpe ahụ na-akwado ihe mgbochi a na-akwụghị ụgwọ bụ akụkụ kachasị mkpa nke mkpebi ahụ, n'ihi na ọ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na iwu mba niile.

Paul Schenck mara iwu ụlọ ikpe Federal District nke gbochiri "ndị ndụmọdụ n'akụkụ" ịbịakwute ndị ọrịa ụlọ ọgwụ ite ime na ndị ọzọ na Bible, traktị na ozi mgbochi ite ime. N'ihi na ndị a na-eme ngagharị iwe na-emekarị ndị ọrịa na ndị ọrụ egwu ma ọ bụ gbochie ha ịbanye n'ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ, Ụlọikpe ahụ kwadoro mpaghara mgbochi dị gburugburu ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ, ọ bụ ezie na ọ kụrụ mpaghara mgbochi na-ese n'elu mmírí na eme ka anyị si nọrọ ndị mmadụ n'ihe gburugburu ndị mmadụ n'ihi na ọdịdị ya na-enweghị njedebe na nke na-agagharị agagharị mere ka o sie ike inye ma tinye ya n'ihe ize ndụ nke ukwuu igbochi nnwere onwe ikwu okwu.

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta nke ikpe Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke United States, Mpịakọta 519
* Ndepụta ikpe nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke United States
* Ndepụta nke ikpe Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke United States site na mpịakọta

## Ntụaka

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* 

## Njikota mpụga

* Ihe odide nkeSchenck v. Pro-Choice Network nke Western New York,519 U.S.357  (1997) dị site na: Cornell  Justia  Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ nke Congress  Gee ntị (okwu ọnụ)  
* PBS NewsHour: "Drawing the Line" E debere ya na  Wayback Machine
Planned Parenthood v. Alaska

Planned Parenthood of the Great Northwest and the Hawaiian Islands (PPGNHI) tinyere akwụkwọ na Steeti Alaska maka iwu ite ime na Disemba 12, 2019. Iwu ahụ kwuru na ọ bụ naanị ndị dọkịta nwere asambodo steeti nwere ike ịnye ite ime. Planned Parenthood na-ekwusi ike na iwu ahụ na-egbochi ụmụ nwanyị ịnweta nlekọta ụmụ nwanyị, dị ka nlekọta ime ọpụpụ na ite ime na ọgwụ n'ime ụmụ ndị ogbi ozi ọma ọgwụ n'oge, site na igbochi ndị dọkịta na-arụ ọrụ dị elu ịnye ọrụ há nke ụwa họrọ ruru eru. Ha na-ekwusi ike na ndị dọkịta a, kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ, na-enye ọrụ ndị a n'enweghị nsogbu na Hawaii na Washington ebe a na-azụ ha.

## Ntụaka
Iwu Ịnweta Ọrụ Ịkwụsị Ime

iwu Access to Abortion Services Act bụ iwu dị na mpaghara Canada nke British Columbia . E guzobere ya na Septemba 1995, ọ na-echebe ịnweta ọrụ ite ime site na igbochi ngagharị iwe n'èzí ụlọ ọgwụ ite ime, ọfịs dọkịta, na ụlọ dọkịta. Ọ na-emepụta "ebe nnweta" gburugburu ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ebe a machibidoro ihe omume ndị dị ka ime ngagharị iwe, Ndụmọdụ n'okporo ụzọ, egwu ma ọ bụ itinye ndụmọdụ ụfọdụ na ekwu okwu banyere ụkpụrụ nke ụwa họrọ site n'ime aka n'ụzọ anụ ahụ na ndị na-ewepụ afọ ime ma ọ bụ ndị ọrịa ha. Ogologo a dịgasị iche dabere na ụdị ụlọ ahụ, na ngagharị iwe n'èzí ọfịs dọkịta na-egbochi ịbịa n'ime mita 10, ruo mita 50 maka ụlọ ọgwụ ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọgwụ, na mita 160 maka ụlọ dọkịta.

Na Jenụwarị 23, 1996, ụlọ ikpe kagburu ndokwa nke machibidoro ime ngagharị iwe na ndụmọdụ ụfọdụ na ekwu na ihe niile ụmụ n'okporo ụzọ n'ihi na ha abụọ mebiri Charter of Rights and Freedoms nke Canada. E weghachiri ndokwa abụọ ahụ n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 1996.

* R na Lewis (1996)
* R. v. Demers (2003)
* Watson v R.; Spratt v R. (2007)

* Isikwopụ afọ ime
* Isikwopụ afọ ime na Canada
* Iwu ite ime

## Ntụaka
Igbe ncheta

## Ọrịa isi mgbaka
N'ọnọdụ nke dementia, enwere ike iji igbe ncheta mee ihe dị ka ụdị ọgwụgwọ iji chetara onye ọrịa ndụ mbụ ha.

## Ụmụ ọhụrụ nwụrụ anwụ
Ụfọdụ ụlọ ọgwụ na-enye igbe ncheta ma ọ bụrụ na amụrụ ụmụ ndị ikom abụọ ahụ na nwa nwụrụ anwụ, ime ọpụpụ, ma ọ bụ nsogbu ndị ọzọ n'oge ma ọ bụ mgbe amuchara. Ha nwere ihe ndị bụ nke ma ọ bụ na-anọchite anya nwatakịrị ahụ nwụrụ anwụ iji nyere ndị ikwu aka ịnakwere ọnwụ ha. Ndị ọrụ ebere na òtù dị iche iche na-enyekarị igbe ncheta.

Igbe ncheta maka ime obodo ndị mmadụ n'ihe ọpụpụ, ịmụ nwa nwụrụ anwụ na ọnwụ nwa nwere ike ịnwe ihe ndị a:

* ntutu isi
* blanket nwa ọhụrụ
* igbe pụrụ iche iji debe ihe na
* kaadị data nke na-ekwu aha nwa na ozi ọmụmụ
* kaadị / ink pad maka iwere akara ụkwụ / aka
* akwụkwọ akụkọ
* edemede
* obere anụmanụ eji eme ihe na foto
* uwe na-adaba na nwa ahụ
* ụrọ ikuku kpọrọ nkụ maka iwere akpụkpọ ụkwụ / aka
* Igwefoto a na-atụfu atụfu
* kleenex akpa akpa
* Akwụkwọ ọnwụ na ozi

## Ntụaka
Caput succedaneum

**Caput succedaneum** bụ ọnọdụ Nwa ọhụrụ nke na-agụnye nchịkọta mmiri serosanguinous, subcutaneous, extraperiosteal nke nwere akụkụ akọwaghị nke ọma ahụ n'ebe nile site n'ime ụmụ y nke nrụgide nke akụkụ na-egosi isi megide dilating cervix (mmetụta turniquet nke cervix) n'oge ọmụmụ.   &#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Hụkwa

* Cephalohematoma
* Isi awọ
* Chignon (okwu ọgwụ) 
* Ọbara ọbara
* Ọbara ọgbụgba n'okpuru afọ

## Ntụaka
Ịnakwere ihe ùgwù

Ikike nnabata bụ ikike dọkịta nwere ịnabata ndị ọrịa n'ụlọ ọgwụ maka ọgwụgwọ ahụike n'ebughị ụzọ gaa na Ngalaba mberede. Nke a na-ejikarị ndị dọkịta nọ na ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọgwụ eme ihe, ọ bụ ezie na na mba ụfọdụ dị ka Canada na United States, ma ndị dọkụ na ndị ọkachamara nwere ike ịnwe ikike nnabata. Omume nke ụwa họrọ site n'ime ụmụ ọrụ ụzọ ámá nke nke ndị dọkịta na-adịghị arụ ọrụ n'otu ụlọ ọgwụ iji nabata anọwo na-ebelata, ma ka ọ na-erule afọ 2022, adịghị adị n'ọtụtụ ebe.

A na-eji ikike ikweta ihe dị ka ihe nlereanya iji gbochie ndị na-ewepụta afọ ime n'ọtụtụ steeti US, gụnyere Louisiana, Mississippi, Wisconsin, na Texas. Nke a pụtara na dọkịta enweghị ike inye onye ọrịa ite ime ọ gwụla ma dọkịta ahụ nwere ikike ịnakwere, n'agbanyeghị ebe usoro ahụ na-ewere ọnọdụ. Ndị na-akwado iwu ndị a na-ekwu na ndị ọrịa kwesịrị ịnweta ụlọ ogwu odinala ndi mádu ziri ma ọ bụrụ na enwere nsogbu. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists na-ewere na ịchọ ikweta ihe ùgwù maka ite ime bụ ihe na-adịghị mkpa n'ihi na "[n'afọ 2019, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services wepụrụ ihe ọ chọrọ na ụlọ ọrụ ịwa ahụ na-ekere òkè na Medicaid na Medicare nwere ụlọ ọgwụ na-anabata ihe ùgwù, na-ekwusi ike na ha adịghị nrọ nke ụwa họrọ site n'ime ụmụ ndị ikom mkpa n'ịkwalite ahụike onye ọrịa, ojiji na-adịghị mma nke dollar nlekọta, na ihe mgbochi nchịkwa maka ọrụ dị irè. Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke United States kpebiri na *June Medical Services, LLC v. Russo*, na ụfọdụ ihe mgbochi ndị dabeere na ịnakwere ihe ùgwù megidere iwu.

## Ntụaka
Njikọ nke ụmụ nwanyị na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị na Mexico

Coalition of Mexican Feminist Women () bụ òtù ụmụ nwanyị nke Mexico nke e guzobere na 1976.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme

Ihe kachasị mkpa nke otu ahụ bụ iwepụ ite ime na Mexico, na-akọwa echiche nke 'ịbụ nne n'afọ ofufo' (maternidad voluntaria). Na Nzukọ nke abụọ nke Coalición na Isikwopụ afọ ime, na Septemba 1977, ndị otu dere iwu iji wepụ ite ime, 'Iwu nke Ịnọ Nne Ọchịchọ'. Ha gosipụtara iwu ahụ na Chamber of Deputies (Mexico) na Disemba 1977, na-eme ngagharị iwe n'èzí ruo mgbe a hapụrụ ha ka ha na onye omeiwu si na Institutional Revolutionary Party nwee ndị na-ege ntị. Onye omeiwu ahụ akwadoghị iwu ahụ n'ihu Congress.

N'ụbọchị ndị nne na 1978 Coalition na-agagharị dị ka ụmụ nwanyị na-eru uju (mejere elutadas) na-ebu wreaths olili ozu iji cheta Ụmụ nwanyị nwụrụ mgbe ha gbara afọ ime iwu na-akwadoghị.

Site na 1978 ruo 1980 njikọ ahụ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na ndị otu ụmụ nwanyị na-abụghị ndị inyom, na-anwa iwulite njikọ aka sara mbara maka mgbanwe iwu ite ime. N'afọ 1981, ya na ndị otu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị Kọmunist nke Mexico rụkọtara ọrụ iji dee iwu ọzọ iji mee ka ite ime bụrụ mpụ. Mgbe nke a na-enwetaghị iwu, njikọ ahụ kwụsịrị ike ma gbasaa.

## Edensibia
Ihe ịrịba ama Wimberger

**Ihe ịrịba ama Wimberger**, nke a na-akpọkwa akara nkuku Wimbergers, na-ezo aka na mbibi nke ndị mmadụ n'ihe metaphyseal nke etiti proximal tibia. Ọ bụ ihe ịrịba ama pathognomonic maka syphilis amụrụ.

## Ihe odide


## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* Wimberger H. Klinisch-radiologische Diagnostik v. Rachitis, Scorbut u. Lues im Kindesalter. Akụkọ banyere ya d. n'ime. Ọgwụ u. Kinderheilkunde. 1925;28:264.
* Caffey J. Pediatric X-ray diagnosis, akwụkwọ ahụ nkuzi maka ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị na-ahụ maka ọrịa ụmụaka, ịwa ahụ na radiology. Chicago, The Year Book Publishers, Inc., 1945.
Ọrịa red diaper

Red diaper syndrome bụ ọrịa *Serratia marcescens* nke na-emetụ n'ahụ na ime ka diaper nwa ọhụrụ yana pads nọọsụ na mgbapụta ara ghọọ pink ma ọ bụ red.

## Ntụaka
Ogedengbe of Ilesa

**Ogedengbe of Ilesa** (1822-1910), nke a makwaara da ka **Ogedengbe Agbogun Gboro** bu onye isi na onye agha ndi Yoruba na ala Yoruba. O jere ozi da ka Seriki (onye isi agha) n'oge agha Kiriji (1877-1893) megide Ibadan.
Ogedegbe (surname)

**Ogedegbe** bu aha nna Naigeria. Ndi ama ama nwere aha nna:

*Ogedegbe of Ilesa (1822-1910), onye isi agha
Nigerian Federal Ministry of Environment

Ndị ọrụ Federal Ministry of Environment bụ ozi nke Gọọmenti Federal Nigeria kere na 1999 na ikike iji dozie nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na ịhụ na nhazi nke ihe niile gbasara ebe obibi na obodo.  [1] Ministri na-arụ ọrụ iji hụ na njikwa ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi na nchekwa na ichekwa ihe ndị sitere n'okike .  Ọ na-ahụkwa atumatu ma na-ahụ maka ọrụ maka ọrụ egosi na igbutu ndị ;nchịkwa idei mmiri mmiri, mbuze na mmetọ, yana ilọsiwaju ihu igwe na ike dị ọcha .

.  Mohammed Hassan Abdullahi bụ onye minista na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi ugbu a;  ọ were ọrụ na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara ụlọ ọrụ n'April, 2022 ka Ogaala Muhammadu Buhari weghaara ya n'ọkwa ya dị ka Mịnịsta na-ahụ maka Sayensị, Teknụzụ na Innovation.  [1] Ọ were dị n'aka Sharon Ikeazor bụ onye na-achị achị n'oge ahụ

Ozi a na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche iche echiche mba gbasara mkpesa, igbu osisi, mmetọ, na njikwa mkpofu .  Ọ na-ahụkwa maka odi ihu igwe na okwu ike dị ọcha ma na-akwado iwu na gburugburu ebe obibi n'ụdị dị iche nke mba ahụ.

 Ministri a na-arụ ọrụ ya saịtị na ngalaba ya na parastatals .  Ụfọdụ n'ime parastatals ndị na-akpọ: National Biosafety Management Agency (NBMA), National Park Service (NPS), National Agency for the Great Green Wall, National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency (NOSDRA), na National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement  Agency (NESREA)

.Ministri ahụ na-ahụkwa ma na-enye ego maka ụlọ ọrụ dị ka Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN), na Environmental Health and Registration Council of Nigeria (EHORECON), na ndị ọzọ.

## Nzukọ ndị otu United Nations 27
  Mịnịsta na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi Mohammed Hassan Abdullahi bụ onye isi ala ya bụ Muhammadu Buhari ka ọ nọchite anya ya [1] site n'idu ndị ozite anya ndị ọzọ na ụgbọ United Nations Conference of Parties 27 (COP27) nke  emere na Nọvemba 2022, na Egypt

## Ndị minista gburugburu gara aga

* Dr. Iyorchia Ayu
* Oriakụ Helen Esuene
* Oriakụ Halima Tayo Alao
* Maazị John Odey
* Oriakụ Amina Mohammed
* Mazị Ibrahim Jibril
* Mohammad Mahmood Abubakar

## Mmezu nke Ozi
  Otu n'ime ihe ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ etiti na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi rụpụtara bụ mmepụta nke mmemme mkpocha Ogoniland nke ndidi.  [1] [2] Ogoniland bụ otu n'ime obodo ndị dị na mpaghara Niger Delta nwere ikike na-emebi emebi site na ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ na-ekiri .  Mmezu ndị ọzọ a rụpụtara na ministri na ihe ndị ọzọ ajụjụ Clean na Green na steeti Nigeria, Great Green Wall Programme, na Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project

## Ntụaka
Azụ̀ ndị dị n'ọgba n'ebe ugwu

A na-ahụ azụ cavefish nke ugwu ma ọ bụ azụ blindfish nke ugwu (***Amblyopsis spelaea***) n'ọgba site na Kentucky na ndịda Indiana. A na-enyocha ya maka ndepụta nwere ike ịbụ n'okpuru Iwu Ụdị Dị n'Ihe Ize nke 1973 na United States ka ọ na-erule 2023, na IUCN depụtara ụdị dị ka ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eyi egwu.

N'oge nnyocha 2013 nke *Amblyopsis spelaea*, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị chọpụtara na e kewara ụdị ahụ n'ụdị abụọ dị iche iche: otu n'ebe ugwu nke Osimiri Ohio, na Indiana, na otu n'ime ndịda nke osimiri ahụ, na Kentucky. Ndị bi n'ebe ndịda nọgidere na-akpọ aha *A. spelaea* ma kpọgharịa ndị bi n'Ebe Ugwu *Amblyopsis hoosieri* na akwụkwọ 2014 nke e bipụtara na akwụkwọ akụkọ *ZooKeys*. A naghị ahụ ụdị abụọ ahụ n'ebe ugwu nke White River, na-asọba n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ gaa n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ n'ebe ndịda Bedford, Indiana.

## Ihe odide

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Amblyopsis spelaea"n'imeEbe Azụmaahịa. 10 2005 version.
Tensiometer (sayensị ala)

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Nyocha eletrọnịkị tensiometer: (1) iko nwere oghere; (2) tube nke mmiri juru; (3) sensọ-isi; (4) ihe mmetụta nrụgide

A na-eji tensiometers dị otú ahụ na nhazi oge ịgba mmiri iji nyere ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri ndị ọzọ aka ike mgbe ha ga-agba mmiri.  N'ịkọkọta na mgbanaka njide mmiri, ime ike iji tensiometers ụkpụrụ ole ị ga-agba mmiri.  Na omume, tensiometer nwere ike ịbụ ngwá ọrụ bara uru maka Max ndị a.  Enwere ike iji tensiometers ala na mgbaka nke ala na osisi.

## Ntụaka

* Rawls, WJ, Ahuja, LR, Brakensiek, DL, na Shirmohammadi, A. 1993. *Mbanye na mmegharị mmiri ala*, na Maidment, DR, Ed. , Akwụkwọ ntuziaka nke hydrology, New York, NY, USA, McGraw-Hill, p.&nbsp;5.1–5.51.
Osimiri Vohitra

Ụzọ Vohitra dị na mpaghara Alaotra-Mangoro na Atsinanana, dị na etiti mmalite Madagascar .  Ọ na-awụba n'afọ oké osimiri ngosi.  Ọ na-ahọba na nọ Rianila [1] dị nso na Anivorano Est .

nwere ụgbọ mmiri mmiri na Andekaleka, Dam Andekaleka .

## Ntụaka
Osimiri Rianila

thumb|Rijeka-Rianila

Rianila bụ osimiri dị na mpaghara Atsinana na egwuregwu egwuregwu Madagascar .  Ọ na-esi n'ugwu dị n'etiti agbadata ka ọ banye n'Oké ọkụ India na nrida Brickaville na Andevoranto .  eserese ya kacha bụ Rongaronga, nke hel ya na nso Brickaville yana ire Iaroka na Vohitra .

Ndị nyocha ọdịda anyanwụ na-akpọbu osimiri ahụ Iharoka River (na Osimiri Jark na ebe ole na ole). 

## Ntụaka

* (in French) canaldespangalanes.over-blog.com - ''Descente de la Rianila''
Atsinanana

Atsinana bụ mpaghara dị n'elu oké osimiri na ihe nkiri Madagascar .  Ọ dị n'ókè mpaghara Analanjirofo n'ebe ugwu, Alaotra-Mangoro n'ebe mmalite, Vakinankaratra na Amoron'i Mania na ndị na-eme egwuregwu, na Vatovavy na ndịda.  mgbaàmà ahụ nwere ihe nkiri 285km nke oke osimiri, nke ọtụtụ osimiri na saịtị ihe nketa omenala.  [1]

Isi obodo mpaghara ahụ bụ Toamasina, ndị bi na ya bụ 1,484,403 na 2018. Mpaghara Atsinanana dị 21,934 km2  , ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu onye agbata obi ya, Analanjirofo. 

## Nkewa nchịkwa

* Antanambao Manampotsy District - obodo ise
* Mpaghara Mahanoro - obodo iri na otu
* Mpaghara Marolambo - obodo iri na abụọ
* Mpaghara Toamasina I - 1 obodo
* Mpaghara Toamasina II - obodo iri na ise
* Mpaghara Vatomandry - obodo iri na ise
* Vohibinany District - 17 obodo; aka Brickaville ; aka Ampasimanolotra

Ụzọ okporo ụzọ bụ ụzọ isi obodo Antananarivo nke bụ okporo ụzọ mba 2 .  Ụzọ a na-aga n'ihu n'ebe ugwu nke Toamasina dị ka okporo ụzọ mba 5 na ụzọ nke Mahavelona na Maroansetra, na South, site na nso Brickaville dị ka okporo ụzọ mba 11a na Mahanoro .

Enwere ikike otu ụgbọ elu mba ụwa: Ọdụ ụgbọ elu Toamasina, nwere ụgbọ elu mpaghara.  Ọdụ ụgbọ elu nsogbu bụ piste ndị a na-akpachighị anya, na- ụgbọ elu azụmahịa mgbe niile:

Enwere naanị otu ụzọ ụgbọ oloko na-eduga na isi obodo Antananarivo site na Brickaville site na Madarail mana ọrụ ndị njem dị naanị Moramanga .

## Ebe echedoro

* Mpaghara echekwabara ọhụrụ Sahafina
* Akụkụ nke Ankeniheny-Zahamena Corridor
* Osimiri Nosivolo
* Analalava Special Reserve
* Ụlọ ahịa Betampon
* Akụkụ nke Zahamena National Park
* Ụlọ ọrụ Mangerivola Reserve
* Akụkụ nke Marolambo National Park

* Canal des Pangalanes
* Osimiri Ambalona
* Osimiri Mania
* Osimiri Ivondro
* Osimiri Nosivolo (Osimiri Mangoro)
* Osimiri Rianila
* Osimiri Mangoro (na Mahanoro)

## Ntụaka
Impact of climate change on agriculture in Nigeria

Mgbanwe ihu igwe na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na nke dịgasị iche iche na ọrụ ugbo na Naijiria, yana mgbanwe a na-ahụ anya na usoro ihu igwe, mmụba na ugboro na ike nke ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na idei mmiri, na mgbanwe okpomọkụ na-adịghị mma. 

## Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga
Mgbanwe ihu igwe ndị a na-eme ka ihe ọkụkụ, nchekwa nri, na ndụ nke ọtụtụ nde ndị ọrụ ugbo gafee mba ahụ. Usoro mmiri ozuzo na-agbanwe agbanwe na-emebi usoro ịkụ osisi na owuwe ihe ubi, na-eduga na ọdịda ihe ọkụkụ na mbelata mmepụta ugbo. Oké ọkọchị na-adịte aka, tinyere oke okpomọkụ, emeela ka ala a na-akọ ugbo, na-eme ka ha ghara ịmụ nwa. N'aka nke ọzọ, mmiri ozuzo siri ike na idei mmiri na-emebi ọ bụghị naanị ihe ọkụkụ kamakwa ọ na-eme ka ala na-eme nri na-eme. N'ihi ya, mmetụta zuru oke nke ihe ịma aka ndị a sitere na ihu igwe na-eyi ikike mba ahụ nwere inye ndị bi na ya na-eto eto nri ma melite nkwụsi ike nke ọtụtụ ezinụlọ ndị dị n'ime ime obodo na-adabere n'ọrụ ugbo maka ndụ ha. Mgbanwe ngwa ngwa na usoro mbelata dị mkpa iji chebe ngalaba ọrụ ugbo nke Naijiria ma hụ na nchekwa nri na ihu igwe na-agbanwe agbanwe.

## Ihe odide

Òtù:Wiki activate SDG
Kansụl Mba Maka Mgbanwe Ihu igwe

National Council on Climate Change bụ ikike a họpụtara maka ịlụso Mgbanwe ihu igwe ọgụ na mmetụta ya na Naịjirịa. Onye bụbu onye isi ala Muhammadu Buhari meghere kansụl ahụ na 2022 iji nyere aka mepụta ụkpụrụ ga-enyere aka inweta akụ na ụba na-adịgide adịgide na Naịjirịa. Ihe mejupụtara Kansụl ahụ gụnyere Onye isi ala nke Federal Republic of Nigeria dị ka Onye isi oche, Onye isi ala dị ka Onye osote Onye isi oche ebe Onye isi nchịkwa nke Kansụl dị ka odeakwụkwọ. N'afọ 2022, Onye isi ala Muhammadu Buhari họpụtara Salisu Dahiru dị ka onye isi nchịkwa nke Council.

## Ọdịdị ya
Ọdịdị nke National Council of Climate Change gụnyere ndị na-eme ihe nkiri sitere na ngalaba na Ministri dị iche iche. Ndị otu ahụ gụnyere:

* Onye isi ala nke Federal Republic of Nigeria - Onye isi oche
* Osote Onye isi ala, Federal Republic of Nigeria - Onye isi oche
* Onye isi nchịkwa, National Council on Climate Change - odeakwụkwọ

Ndị otu ndị ọzọ gụnyere, ndị Minista nke Gburugburu Ebe Obibi; Ihe onwunwe Mmiri; Ike; Transportation; Mines and Steel Development; Agriculture and Rural Development; Women Affairs and Social Development; Finance, Budget, and National Planning; yana Attorney General of the Federation na Minister of Justice.

## Hụkwa

* Ọnọdụ ala nke Naịjirịa
* Ihe mgbaru ọsọ mmepe na-adịgide adịgide na Naịjirịa
* Ọrụ ugbo na Naịjirịa

## Ihe odide
Ịgbagharị

thumb| Ntu ụzọ nke ụzọ kacha ụzọ ndị ahụ na mbara igwe Sirius ( oke -1.1), obere oge tupu njedebe elu na meridian, na 20 ° n'elu mbara igwe ndịda.  N'ime menu 29, Sirius na-egosi na ọ na- mada 7.5 arcminutes site n'aka ekpe gaa n'aka nri.
Twinkling, nke a na-akpọkwa scintillation, bụ okwu ọnụ maka ịdị na nchapụta oyiyi, agba ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ nke ihe na-Maka pre nke a na-ele anya site na ọkara.  [1] Ọ bụrụ na ihe ahụ dị n' ala ikuku ụwa, dị ka ọ dị na ike na mbara ala, a na-akpọ ihe a na-akpọ scintillation nke mbara igwe;  maka ihe dị n'ime ikuku, a na-akpọ ihe a na-akpọ scintillation terrestrial .  [2] Dị ka otu n'ime isi ihe atọ na-ahụ mbara igwe (ndị ọzọ bụ mmetọ ọkụ na ọkụ na ọkụ ígwé ojii), scintillation nke ikuku na-achọpụta dị ka ịdị na-ewepụ ikike.

.  N'okwu dị mfe, ịhịa aka n'ahụ nke akwụkwọ na-akpata site na ngafe nke ìhè si n'ígwé dị iche iche nke ikuku na-agbaሕ .  Ọtụtụ ugboro scintillation na-ebute site na ntu nke ikuku na-ahụ ahụkebe nke obere ngbanwe dị na n' ikuku na- nhọrọ gradients.  [1] [2] na-egosi scintillation na- mbara ike nke ọma n'ụdị igwe uzo nso zenith (nke dị n'elu), [3] ebe ọ bụ na ụzarị ọkụ dị nso na mbara ihu ga-abanye n'ụdị oyi.  akwa ma nwee ogologo ụzọ site na ikuku tupu erute onye na-ekiri ya.  A na-eji scintillometer ngwaọrụ ntugharị ikuku n'ụba.  [4] Ebe nchekwa nke ịchafụ site na iji oghere buru ibu;  ụgbọ a mara dị ka aperture nkezi

.  Ọ bụ ebe na ìhè sitere na ozi na ihe ndị ọzọ na-egosi mbara igwe nwere ike ịnwụ, [1] ịchafụ eme ka ihe oyiyi nke mbara ala na-ama nke ọma.  [2] [3] Kpakpando na-amagharị n'ihi na ha dị anya site n'ụwa nke na ha na-dị ka isi iyi nke ìhè na-enwe nsogbu n'ụzọ dị mfe site na ọgba aghara ikuku nke ụwa,  nke na-eme dị ka anya anya na prisms na- መሪ ụzọ ahụ.  Nnukwu ihe ndị na-egosi mbara igwe dị nso na ụwa, dị ka ụnwa na mbara ala ndị ọzọ, ọtụtụ isi ihe na mbara igwe ma nwee ike idozi dị ka ihe nwere dayameta a na-ahụ anya.  N'ọtụtụ ebe a pụtara n'ìhè na-agafe ikuku, ngbanwe nke ìhè ha na-apụ apụ ma onye na-ekiri ya na ihe obere obere ihe na ìhè na-site na ha.

## Hụkwa

* Ngwa ngwa ngwa
* Interplanetary scintillation
* Astronomy na-ahụ anya
* *Ịgbara emo, Twinkle, Obere Kpakpando*

## Ntụaka
Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Dị Ndụ na Ohio

. Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Na-ahụ Maka Ọdịbendị nke Ohio ( ODNR ) bụ ụlọ ọrụ Ohio steeti [1] na-ahụ maka ịgba mbọ hụ na "nguzozi n'etiti iji eme ihe na nchekwa nke anyị maka abamuru  mmadụ niile."  [2] ODNR na-achịkwa ụlọ ọrụ na gas, ụlọ ọrụ Ngwuputa, oyiyi nta na-ahụ azụ, na mmiri mmiri mgbe ọ na-ejigide ihe ndị sitere n'okike dị ka alụ ọgụ, ihe nchekwa ala, anụ ahụ  steeti, steeti, na ụzọ mmiri.  Ndị omebe iwu Ohio mere ya na 1949

. ODN nwere ma jikwaa ihe ụmụaka 640,000 acres nke ala ndị njikere 75, steeti iri abụọ na atọ, ihe nchekwa ahụ ahụ 136 na mpaghara anụ 150.  ala, 451 kilomita nke ogologo Ohio, na acres nde 2.29 nke Ọdọ Erie.  Ọzọkwa, ODNR na-ahụ maka ilekọta na ikwe ka nchekwa nchekwa niile, Iche dam, ijikwa mmiri mmiri, na ịdepụta nnukwu ihe owuwu ala na steeti steeti.  Na mgbakwunye, ODNR na-ahụkwa maka ndebanye aha ụgbọ mmiri Ohio niile ma na-enye ikike vidiyo nta na-adị iche iche nke steeti.  ODNR nwere isi ihe na-anya, na-achịkwa iji nnukwu akụ akụ sitere n'okike nke Ohio wee na-enye ndị ọbịa nhọrọ nke ndu ndị a na-enye.

## Hụkwa

* Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ọdịbendị (Disambiguation)
* Ndepụta nke ụlọ ọrụ nchịkwa azụ na anụ ọhịa na steeti US

## Ntụaka

* Ngalaba akụrụngwa nke Ohio
* Akwụkwọ ikike ịkụ azụ ODNR n'ịntanetị
Iwu Mgbanwe ihu igwe nke Naijiria, 2021

**Iwu Mgbanwe ihu igwe nke Naijiria, 2021** bụ Iwu nke Nzukọ Mba nke Naịjaria. Iwu ahụ chọrọ ka gọọmentị guzobe atụmatụ Mgbanwe ihu igwe nke mba na mmefu ego carbon afọ ise, nke nwere ebumnuche ụfọdụ kwa afọ. Iwu ahụ guzobere Kansụl Mba na Mgbanwe Ihu igwe. A na-enye Kansụl a ọrụ iji mezuo atụmatụ mgbanwe ihu igwe nke mba ahụ ma nwee ikike n'elu ego mgbanwe ihu igwe e guzobere ọhụrụ.

## Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga
N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2021, Onye isi ala Buhari nyere ikike ka Iwu Mgbanwe ihu igwe nke Naịjirịa, 2021 bụrụ iwu. Iwu a na-eguzobe usoro iwu maka Naijiria, na-eme ka ọ dịrị mbọ ịchụso ebumnuche ihu igwe ya, nkwụsi ike mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na akụ na ụba ogologo oge, yana ume. N'ịdabere na mkpebi nke Onye isi ala gosipụtara na COP 26 na Glasgow iji ruo net zero site na 2060, Iwu ahụ setịpụrụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ zuru oke nke inweta net zero emissions site na 2050 ruo 2070.

Iwu ahụ gụnyere ndokwa ndị dị mkpa nke na-akọwa akụkụ ndị dị mkpa ndị a:

* A chọrọ ka gọọmentị guzobe atụmatụ mgbanwe ihu igwe nke mba na mmefu ego carbon afọ ise, zuru ezu na ebumnuche kwa afọ. Nzọụkwụ abụọ a na-adabere na nkwado nke Federal Executive Council. A na-eme atụmatụ ịnata nkwado nke carbon mbụ na Nọvemba 2022.
* A na-ekwu maka nguzobe nke National Council on Climate Change, na-akọwa ihe mejupụtara ya na ọrụ ya. Kansụl a na-ewere ọrụ nke imezu National Climate Change Action Plan na ilekọta nchịkwa nke Climate Change Fund ọhụrụ. A ga-ekpebi nkwekọrịta ego nke ego ahụ site na mkparịta ụka ndị omeiwu ma mee ka ọrụ nke Kansụl ahụ n'onwe ya dị mfe, yana nkwado ego. N'ịrụkọ ọrụ na ngalaba na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi, Kansụl ahụ ga-ahazi ọrụ ihu igwe zuru ụwa ọnụ na atụmatụ ndị a kapịrị ọnụ. Tụkwasị na nke a, ọ ga-elekwasị anya n'ịchọpụta na itinye n'ọrụ usoro mgbanwe dị elu.

## Ihe odide


## Njikọ mpụga

* Ihe odide nke Iwu Mgbanwe Ihu igwe nke Naijiria, 2021
2022 Mmiri ozuzo nke steeti Bayelsa

OfIdei mmiri nke Steeti Bayelsa nke 2022 mere n'etiti Septemba na Nọvemba 2022 na steeti Bayelsen, Naịjirịa. Ọ chụpụrụ ma ọ dịkarịa ala nde mmadụ 1.3 dị ka ụlọ ọrụ Bayelsa State Emergency Management Agency kwupụtara.

## Ihe Ndị Na-akpata ya
Ịtọhapụ mmiri site na Lagbo Dam na Northern Cameroon iji zere mgbawa na ịgbatị oke nke mmiri ahụ na gburugburu ya bụ otu n'ime isi ihe kpatara idei mmiri ahụ. Ọzọkwa, izu ole na ole nke mmiri ozuzo na-ezo na-eme ka idei mmiri, mmiri na-asọba na osimiri jupụta na steeti ahụ nke mere ka ala ugbo na ebe obibi jupụta.

A Gọvanọ ahụ, Douye Diri boro gọọmentị etiti ebubo ileghara anya n'oge idei mmiri ahụ mgbe Minista na-ahụ maka ọrụ ebere, njikwa ọdachi na mmepe ọha na eze, Sadiya Farouq kwuru na steeti ahụ abụghị otu n'ime ndị kachasị njọ.

Gọvanọ na Mba ndị dị n'otu megidere nkwupụta a bụ ndị kọwara idei mmiri ahụ dị ka otu n'ime ndị kasị njọ ma chọọ nlebara anya ngwa ngwa.

## Mmetụta na mgbanwe ihu igwe
Idei mmiri ahụ metụtara okporo ụzọ East West na Patani axis na Delta State na-eduga na mmechi nke okporo ụzọ maka ndị njem n'oge idei mmiri ahụ. Idei mmiri ahụ yiri nke mere na steeti ahụ na 2012 ebe obodo dị iche iche jupụtara na steeti.

N'ihi nnukwu ọdịdị nke idei mmiri na ọdachi ahụ, e guzobere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ogige IDP 6,000 na steeti ahụ na ọdọ mmiri Oxbow na etiti Igbogene.

## Ihe odide

Òtù:Ȯra Bayelsa
Òtù:Wiki activate SDG
Mgbidi isi

thumb|Headwall na ọdọ mmiri corrie Cwm Idwal
Na ọdịdị ala na ọdịdị ala, **isi mgbidi** nke ice circus bụ Ugwu kachasị elu. A na-eji okwu ahụ eme ihe n'ụzọ sara mbara iji kọwaa ihe ndị yiri ya nke na-abụghị nke ice nke nwere ndagwurugwu nwere ndagwupụta na-agbakọta nke dị pasent 65 ma ọ bụ karịa na-emepụta njedebe elu nke ndagwurugwum mmiri.

Na injinia obodo, mgbidi isi bụ obere mgbidi na-ejide ihe nke a na-etinye n'ọnụ ụzọ ma ọ bụ n'ọnụ mmiri nke paịpụ mmiri ozuzo ma ọ bụ culvert.

Na ọgwụ, mgbidi isi bụ mgbidi dị n'isi nke oghere ụlọ ọgwụ. Àkwà ahụ na-ejikọta mgbidi a n'ụzọ kwụ ọtọ, nke a na-etinye ngwá ọrụ dịka ndị na-achịkwa maka oxygen mgbakwunye, ndị na-ahụ maka ịmị, ihe na-amị amị, njikọ maka usoro mgbịrịgba oku, ọkụ, ụzọ eletrik, na mgbe mgbe niile ihe ngosi dị mkpa.

## Ihe odide

Òtù:Wiki activate SDG
Naịjirịa Naịjirị na Nchịkwa Mmiri

Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project (NEWMAP) bụ ọrụ enyemaka nke World Bank nke e mere iji dozie nsogbu mbuze nke Naịjirịa na Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Naịjiria na mmebi ala na Northern Nigeria na ọtụtụ akụkụ. A mụrụ ọrụ a site na arịrịọ maka enyemaka nke Onye isi ala Goodluck Ebele Jonathan nyere World Bank na 2010. Ọ rịọrọ maka enyemaka n'ịkwado oke mbuze na Southern Nigeria, mmebi ala na Northern Nigeria na enweghị nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi. Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi. na-enyocha ọrụ ahụ. Akụkụ ụfọdụ nke ọrụ ahụ gụnyere mbuze na itinye ego na njikwa mmiri, mbuze na ụlọ ọrụ Nchịkwa mmiri na ọrụ ozi na nzaghachi Mgbanwe ihu igwe.

## Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga
Ndị otu ahụ kwadoro ọrụ ahụ na Mee 8, 2012, wee malite ọrụ na Septemba 16, 2013, site na nhọpụta Amos Abu, Ruth Jane Kennedy-Walker, Grant Milne dị ka ndị isi otu, ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị etiti nke gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka ụlọ ọrụ mmejuputa na ngụkọta ọrụ nke US $ 650 nde na ego World Bank nyere nke US $ 500 nde. ọ bụ ọrụ afọ asatọ, a na-atụ anya na ọ ga-agwụ na June 30, 2020.

Ọrụ ahụ malitere ịrụ ọrụ zuru oke na 2013 na steeti asaa na-ahụ maka ya bụ; Abia, Anambra, Cross River, Ebonyi, Edo, Enugu na Imo State nke tara ahụhụ site na ndagwurugwu na akụrụngwa na ndụ. N'afọ 2015, ọrụ ahụ gbasaa iji gboo mkpa gburugburu ebe obibi nke steeti iri na abụọ ọzọ ya bụ; Delta, Oyo, Sokoto, Gombe, Plateau, Kogi, Kano, Akwa Ibom, Borno, Nasarrawa, Katsina na Niger steeti.

## Ihe ndị ọ rụzuru
Ụfọdụ ihe ndị ọrụ ahụ rụzuru kemgbe e bidoro ya na 2010 gụnyere;

* Inye onyinye nye ndị mmadụ na-emetụta erosion na mmebi ala na steeti ndị dị n'okpuru ikike ya iji malite ọrụ ndị ọzọ ma kwado ha ịkwaga n'ebe ọhụrụ.
* Ọrụ ahụ emeela ka etinye ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, ọdụ mmiri, ngwá ọrụ ịdọ aka ná ntị maka idei mmiri n'oge gafee ebe ndị dị n'akụkụ osimiri.
* Okike nke ego ihu igwe pụrụ iche nke a na-elekwasị anya n'ịchịkwa mbuze, idei mmiri na ihe ize ndụ ala yana nsogbu mmiri ozuzo nke nwere ike iduga na nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi.
* Okike nke ndagwurugwu na steeti dị iche iche n'ógbè ahụ nwere nnukwu erosion na nsogbu idei mmiri na Naịjirịa.
* Mmepe nke Nigeria Innovative Green bonds nke na-achọ ịkwụ ụgwọ ọrụ ndị metụtara nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na ihu igwe na Naijiria.
* Inye nkwado maka nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi metụtara ihu igwe na Naịjirịa.

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị
Òtù:Wiki activate SDG
Ogige Ntụrụndụ Finima

**ogige ntụrụndụ Finima** bụ ogige ntụrụndụ dị na Bonny Island, Rivers State, Nigeria na-ekpuchi mpaghara nke ihe dịka 1000 hectare (3.9 sq mi). Ọ bụ Nigeria Liquefied Natural Gas Limited guzobere ya na 1999 na ebumnuche nke ichekwa okike na ụdị dị iche iche dị na mpaghara ahụ.

## Mmekọrịta gburugburu ebe obibi
Ogige nchekwa Finima jupụtara na mmiri ozuzo na mangrove marshes, akụkụ ụfọdụ nwere ájá na ọdọ mmiri mmiri na osisi dị elu n'etiti marshes na osimiri.

### Flora
Ahịhịa nke ogige ahụ ejirila nwayọọ nwayọọ ghọọ oké ọhịa dị elu na-atụle ụdị nke ọ malitere na 1999. E nwere okpukpu abụọ nke enwere ike ịmata site na mpụga ọhịa, ndị na-apụta gụnyere *Symphonia globulifera*, *[[Cleistopholis patens]]*, *Uapaca* spp., *Musanga cecropioides*, *Hallea ledermannii*, *Terminalia* spp., *Anthostema aubryanum*, *Tectona grandis* na *[[Elaeis guineensis]]*. Ihe mejupụtara ala ahụ bụ *Calamus deeratus*, *Alchornea cordifolia*, *Monodora tenuifolia*, *Harungana madagascariensis*, *Strophanthus preciossii*, *Rauvolfia vomitoria* na *Raphia* spp.

Ihe dị n'ime ọhịa ahụ bụ ihe ndò, n'ihi ya, ụdị dịgasị iche iche na-anabata ndò (dịka *Nephrolepis biserrata*, Culcasia scandens, *Laporta* spp., *Chromolaena odorata*, *Aframomum melegueta* na Costus afer) na ahịhịa dị iche iche na ala ọhịa. N'oge ọkọchị, nnukwu ihe mkpofu na-ekpuchi ala n'ihi mmụba nke ọnụego abscission nke ụfọdụ osisi dịka *Musanga cecropioides*, *Hallea ledermannii*, *Calamus deeratus*, *Gmelina arborea*, *Raphia* spp. na *Elaeis guineensis* . 

### Anụmanụ
Ogige Ntụrụndụ Finima bụ ebe obibi nke ụfọdụ ụdị Anụ ọhịa nke nwere nnukwu uru nchekwa, ụdị anụmanụ dị iche iche na-enye nwa ara, nnụnụ na anụ na-akpụ akpụ gụnyere agụ iyi, agwọ na alligators. Ebe ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ dị bụ ebe obibi nke enyí mmiri nnu. Ndị na-elekọta ogige ntụrụndụ na-echebe mpaghara ahụ ma machibido ịchụ nta iwu.

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị
* https://web.archive.org/web/20150516022441/http://www.nigerialng.com/

Òtù:Wiki activate SDG
Oké ọhịa Biseni

Ọhịa Biseni bụ oké ọhịa mmiri dị n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke Ahoada na ọdịda anyanwụ ya nke Ọhịa Upper Orashi na Taylor Creek floodplain nke Niger Delta. Oké ọhịa ahụ nwere mpaghara nke 219 square kilomita (85 sq mi), ebe a na-ekiri nnụnụ, nke nwere ihe ndekọ dị mkpa nke nnụnụ na-agagharị agagharị na nke mmiri.

## Flora
Osisi Biseni bụ oké ọhịa mara mma nke nwere ike ịcha n'oge ọkọchị mana ọ na-aghọ oké ọhịa mmiri ozuzo n'oge mmiri ozuzo. Nkwụ Raffia na ụfọdụ ụdị osisi dị ka *Symphonia globulifera* na  spp. a na-ahụ ebe a. E nwekwara ebe ahịhịa dị elu dị nso na ọwa osimiri."Biseni forest". BirdLife International. Retrieved 14 July 2017.

## Anụmanụ
Oké ọhịa ahụ bụ ebe obibi nke ọtụtụ nnụnụ na anụ na-enye nwa ara gụnyere ụdị mba dị ụkọ ma ọ bụ nke a na-adịghị ahụkebe.
 

## Ihe odide

Òtù:Wiki activate SDG
Ọ bụ n'Atai

Eyo Atai nụ Obodo Oron dị na Udung Uko mpaghara gọọmentị nke Akwa Ibom steeti na Naịjirịa.
Ogige Ọhịa nke Upper Orashi

Upper Urashi Forest Reserve bụ Ebe nchekwa okike na Rivers State, Nigeria nke dị n'elu Osimiri Urashi, nso obodo Ikodi na Ahoada West. Ogige ahụ na-ekpuchi mpaghara nke 25,165 hectare (97,163 sq mi). A họpụtara ya dị ka ala mmiri dị mkpa n'okpuru Nkwekọrịta Ramsar na 30 Eprel 2008.

## Ọnọdụ ihu igwe
Ọnọdụ ihu igwe nke Upper Urashi bụ ihu igwe Tropical monsoon (Köppen climate classification "**Am**"), nke a na-akọwa site na ogologo oge mmiri ozuzo site na Machị ruo Nọvemba na obere oge ọkọchị site na Disemba ruo Febụwarị. Nkezi mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ bụ 2510 milimita (99 in), na ọnwa Septemba bụ ọnwa kachasị mmiri n'afọ. Mmiri nke Osimiri Urashi na-ekpuchi oké ọhịa ahụ site na Septemba ruo Nọvemba, na-akpata ọsụsọ na mmụba nke ala.

## Flora
E guzobere ya na 30 Disemba 1899 na 9,696 hekta (37.44 sq mi), ọ na-agụnye ụdị ebe obibi dị iche iche dị ka Oké ọhịa mmiri ozuzo, ala ahịhịa, marshes na ọdọ mmiri oge. N'etiti ụdị osisi ndị e dekọrọ na ebe nchekwa ahụ, bụ *Lophira alata*, *Ricinodendron heudelotii*, *Albizia adianthifolia* na *Hexalobus crispiflorus*. *Hallea ledermannii*, nke dị mkpa maka ụlọ ọrụ ọhịa, dị n'oké ọhịa a, mana ọ belatara nke ukwuu n'ihi ojiji ya. A na-ahụkwa nkwụ mmanụ (*[[Elaeis guineensis]]*) na *Musanga cecropioides* n'ebe ndị dị elu.

## Anụmanụ
Ogige ahụ bụ obere ebe a na-ahụkarị guenon sclater na guenon na-acha ọcha, red colobus monkey na Heslop's pygmy hippopotamus. Ọ na-enyekwa nnukwu ebe obibi maka parrot na-acha ntụ ntụ (*Psittacus erithacas*) ma na-anabata ọtụtụ ụdị nnụnụ mmiri nke nkesa ya dị na Guinea-Congo Forests biome.
 

## Nchekwa
Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ọhịa nke Rivers State Ministry of Agriculture na-elekọta Upper Orashi Forest Reserve. A na-ahazi ya dị ka mpaghara IUCN na-echebe nke VI (ebe a na-eche nche nke na-eji ihe ndị sitere n'okike eme ihe) na ebumnuche nke iji ihe ndị sitere na ọhịa eme ihe na nyocha sayensị, na-ekwusi ike na ụzọ maka iji ọhịa eme ihe n'ụzọ na-adịgide adịgide.

## Ihe odide

Òtù:Wiki activate SDG
Ebe Nchekwa Anụ Ọhịa nke Banyang-Mbo

Banyang-Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary bụ ebe nchekwa anụ ọhịa dị na Cameroon. E guzobere ya na 1996. Ebe a dị kilomita 691.45.&nbsp;2

## Anụmanụ
Nnyocha ndị e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na-atụ aro na 680-km Banyang-Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary na-enye ebe obibi maka ikekwe ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị ukwuu nke chimpanzee fọdụrụ na mpaghara a na ọnụ ọgụgụ ikpeazụ fọdụrụnụ nke enyí ọhịa. 2N'ezie, a na-eme atụmatụ na 500-1000 Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes ellioti) bi n'ebe nsọ ahụ, ma enwere naanị 3500-9000 n'ụwa niile. N'ihi nnukwu anụmanụ a, ewepụla mpaghara ahụ dị ka ebe nchekwa anụ ọhịa, na mmachibido iwu maka ịchụ nta niile.   &#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

== Nchekwa ==
Ndị Mbo [[Banyangi people|Ndị Banyangi]] bi na gburugburu Banyang-Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary.Ha na-enwe ikike iji ọhịa na ihe ndị sitere n'okike ya mee ihe, ọ bụ ezie na ha ekwesịghị imebi ebumnuche nchekwa nke ebe nchekwa ahụ.Ha na-achụ nta maka anụ ọhịa, nke ha na-ere ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ nke a na-ese anwụrụ ọkụ, nke dị ọnụ ala karịa ụdị protein ndị ọzọ.

N'agbanyeghị ịdị iche nke mpaghara a, na eziokwu ahụ bụ na a "na-echebe" ụmụ anụmanụ niile site na iwu n'ogige ahụ, ebe nsọ ahụ emebeghị nke ọma ma mgbalị nchekwa na nchebe adaala nke ukwuu. N'ezie, ebe nsọ Banyang-Mbo na-ata ahụhụ site na ịchụ nta azụmahịa a haziri nke ọma, ebe ndị na-achụ nta ọkachamara na-abata n'ógbè ahụ, gbuo anụmanụ ma buru anụ gaa n'obodo ukwu ka a ree ya. Ịchụ nta iwu na-akwadoghị tinyere mmebi ebe obibi bụ nnukwu nsogbu na Banyang-Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;
center|thumb|Àkwà mmiri na M__kon____kon____kon__ Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary
Mgbalị nchedo ahụ adaala n'oge gara aga n'ihi enweghị ego, itinye iwu n'ọrụ, ndị ọrụ, mmasị, mkpebi ogologo oge wdg. Otú ọ dị, n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, e gosipụtara ebe nsọ ahụ dị ka otu n'ime ebe kachasị mkpa maka nchedo chimpanzee na mpaghara ahụ, nke nwere ike igosi na mmepe ọzọ nke mgbalị nchedo na-eru nso. Otú ọ dị, ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọ dị mkpa ka ndị obodo ahụ kwanyere iwu nke ebe nsọ ahụ ùgwù iji chekwaa ya. Na-enweghị mgbalị mpaghara, ebe nsọ a ga-emebi nke ukwuu nke na ọ gaghịzi achọ nchebe ma a gaghịzi edepụta ya dị ka ebe echedoro.   &#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>
[[Usòrò:A_school_in_Njunuye,_a_village_arround_Mbayang_Mbo_Wildlife_Sanctuary.jpg|thumb|Ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na Njunuye, obodo dị gburugburu M__kon____kon____kon__ Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary]]
[[Usòrò:A_school_in_Lebe,_a_village_arround_the_Mbayang_Mbo_Wildlife_Sanctuary.jpg|thumb|Ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na Lebe, obodo dị gburugburu M__kon____kon____kon__ Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary]]
[[Usòrò:A_view_of_Mbayang_Mbo_Wildlife_Sanctuary_landscape.jpg|thumb|Ebe a na-ahụ Mbayang Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary landscape]]
[[Usòrò:Agricultural_activities_in_the_Mbayang_Mbo_Wildlife_Sanctuary.jpg|thumb|Ọrụ ugbo na M__kon____kon____kon__ Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary]]
**Ihe ngosi'''

## Ihe odide

Òtù:Wiki activate SDG
Ala Dị larịị nke Adamawa

Adamawa Plateau (: Massif de l'Adamaoua) bụ mpaghara dị larịị na ọdịda anyanwụ nke etiti Africa nke sitere na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Naịjirịa site na ugwu nke etiti Cameroon (Adamawa na North Provinces) ruo Central African Republic . Akụkụ nke ala dị larịị nke dị na Naijiria bụ nke a maara nke ọma dị ka Ugwu Gotel.

Ala dị larịị nke Adamawa bụ isi iyi nke ọtụtụ ụzọ mmiri, gụnyere Osimiri Benue. Nkezi ịdị elu bụ ihe dị ka mita 3,300 (1,000), mana ịdị elu nwere ike iru mita 8,700 (2,700 mita). Ọ dị mkpa maka nkwụnye Bauxite ya. Ahịhịa na-abụkarị savanna. A maara na agụ owuru *Amietophrynus djohongensis* nọ n'ihe ize ndụ dị n'ọhịa naanị n'akụkụ Cameroon nke Adamawa Plateau.

Ndị bi n'elu ugwu ahụ dị obere, ịzụ ehi bụ ọrụ bụ isi n'ógbè ahụ. A gụrụ mpaghara ahụ na ala dị larịị aha onye ndú Ndị Alakụba Fulani bụ Modibo Adama, onye jihads ya metụtara ndị bi n'ógbè ahụ nke ukwuu.

## Ihe odide

Òtù:Ȯra Adamawa
Òtù:Wiki activate SDG
Ugwu Oku

**[[Cameroon]]" id="mwDg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Oku, Cameroon">Oku_Massif" id="mwDA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Oku Massif">Ugwu Oku**, ma ọ bụ **Ugwu Kilum**, bụ ugwu mgbawa kachasị ukwuu na Oku Massif, na Cameroon Volcanic Line, nke dị na mpaghara Oku nke Western High Plateau nke Cameroon.Ọ bụ ugwu nke abụọ kachasị elu na Central Africa.Ugwu stratovolcano ahụ na-arịgo ruo mita 3,011 (9,879  n'elu oke osimiri, nnukwu caldera gburu ya.

## Ọdịdị ala
Ụfọdụ n'ime nkume ndị ahụ nwere afọ ndị malitere site na 24.9 ruo 22.1 nde afọ gara aga, mana ọtụtụ ọrụ ndị ọzọ emeela n'oge na-adịbeghị anya.A na-ewu ugwu ahụ site na lavas basalt na Hawaiitic, nke trachytes nọchiri, na nnukwu mpịakọta nke trachytic na rhyolitic ignimbrites nwere ọkpụrụkpụ ruru 1,000 m. E mepụtara lavas trachytic, tuffs na breccias ndị ọzọ, na nke kachasị ọhụrụ mepụtara cones pyroclastic na craters mgbawa.&nbsp;Otu n'ime oghere ndị a nwere Ọdọ Mmiri Oku, nke na-esi na ya na-asọpụta basalt n'ebe ugwu, na nke rhyolitic na phonolitic lavas n'ebe ndịda.

## Mmekọrịta gburugburu ebe obibi
A chọtara obere obodo sphagnum na ụdị osisi ndị metụtara ya na 2,900 m na 1997, n'akụkụ elu ugwu ahụ, sphagnum bog kachasị elu na West Africa. &nbsp;Ebe a gụnyere ọtụtụ ụdị osisi dị na mpaghara Kilum-Ijim, ọ dịkwa oke mkpa nchedo.Oké ọhịa 200 nke Kilum-Ijim gburugburu ugwu ahụ mejupụtara nnukwu mpaghara ugwu fọdụrụ na West Africa, ebe obibi dị mkpa maka ụdị anụmanụ na osisi.&nbsp;2Oké ọhịa ahụ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ, ebe ọ bụ na ọtụtụ ebe obibi mmadụ gbara ya gburugburu.BirdLife International na Ministry of the Environment and Forestry na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na Kilum-Ijim Forest Project, nke na-ezube ichekwa ihe ndị dị n'oké ọhịa, na-elekọta ụdị dị iche iche ma hụ na a na-eji ya eme ihe ọzọ.

Ihe ka ukwuu n'ógbè dị n'ime ókèala Kilum-Ijim dị n'elu mita 2000 n'ịdị elu, ma nwee ọhịa ugwu na-agwakọta na ala ahịhịa na obodo ndị dị n'okpuru ugwu. N'ebe dị ala, e kpochapụrụ ihe ka ukwuu n'ọhịa ndị dị n'okpuru ugwu maka ọrụ ugbo. Dabere na foto satellite, n'etiti 1958 na 1988 ihe dị ka ọkara nke oké ọhịa ahụ furu efu, ọ bụ ezie na mmelite malitere n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe a malitere ọrụ nchekwa na 1987. Kemgbe ahụ, e nweela mgbake siri ike nke ebe nchekwa ọhịa, nke dị n'okpuru nlekọta nke obodo Kilum-Ijim. Ụdị ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ a na-ahụ naanị n'Ugwu Oku gụnyere Ugwu Oku hylomyscus, òké Dieterlen's brush-furred, Lake Oku clawed frog, Crotaphatrema lamottei Ugwu Oku caecilian na frog *Wolterstorffina chirioi*. Ala ahịhịa dị n'elu ọhịa ahụ bụ ebe obibi nke òké ahịhịhịa Mittendorf.

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta nke Ultras nke Africa
* Ọdọ Mmiri Nyos
* Ọdọ Mmiri Monoun

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* "Ugwu Oku, Cameroon" na Peakbagger
Òtù:Wiki activate SDG
Ịgbasawanye osisi

alt=photograph of trees tied together floating in the river next to small structure made of corrugated materials. Dense green forestation in the background.|thumb|Ndị obodo ahụ na-ese n'elu mmiri gafere ọtụtụ osisi ndị a na-egbute n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị na Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Ịchụ osisi n'ụzọ gabigara ókè bụ ụdị igbu osisi nke iwu kwadoro ma ọ bụ iwu na-akwadoghị kpatara nke na-eduga na mgbukpọ ọhịa na-enweghị isi ma ọ bụ nke a na-apụghị iweghachite na mbibi ebe obibi na-adịgide adịgide maka Anụ ọhịa.

## Ihe Ndị Na-akpata ya
Ojiji nke omume na-adịghị mma nke ịkpụ osisi na ígwè ọrụ dị arọ na-eduga n'oké ọhịa ndị jupụtara na ha. Norman Myers kwuru na ụdị Mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka overlogging bụ nsonaazụ nke "nkwado na-adịghị mma". Mmepụta nke anụ ahụ a na-atụfu na-enye aka nke ukwuu na mmetụta nke overlogging.

N'ime ime obodo China, mkpocha osisi na-emetụta mkpa maka nkụ dị ka ihe na-agbanye ọkụ. A na-ejikọkarị oke osisi na mgbalị iji belata "Ụgwọ ụwa nke atọ", ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị naanị na mba ndị na-emepe emepe.

N'etiti Japan, a chọpụtara na oké ọhịa ndị dị nso na ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik dị mfe ịta oke osisi.

## Mmetụta
Site na ọchịchọ na-arịwanye elu nke mba ndị mepere emepe maka mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ, mkpocha osisi bụ ihe egwu na-abịa n'oké ọhịa nke ụwa.

Ịchụ oke osisi emeela ka oké ọhịa dipterocarp mebie na Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia, gụnyere na Vietnam. Na Philippines, oke osisi emeela brushlands nke nwere osisi, obere osisi, na ahịhịa. Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 1994, oke osisi emeela ka e gbuo nde hekta 1.2 nke oké ọhịa Russia.

Na China, oké ọhịa ndị dị n'ebe okpomọkụ metụtara site na mkpuchi osisi tupu e guzobe People's Republic na 1949, a na-ekpuchi ha n'oge Mgbanwe Ọdịbendị site na 1966 ruo 1976. Usoro a emeela ka e nwee oké ọhịa ndị ọzọ a na-ewepụta mgbe a na-egwupụta ya. Na Nature Reserve nke Ugwu Jinyun na Chongqing, oke osisi na-emetụta uto nke Phyllostachys pubescens (nnukwu achara). Ọ bụkwa nsogbu na Ugwu Karakoram na Kunlun, ọ kpatara idei mmiri na Min River Area nke Fujian.

## Iweghachi ya
Iweghachi oké ọhịa ndị e kpuchiri ekpuchi nwere ike ịdị mkpa maka nchekwa nke ụdị dị iche iche ma ọ bụ nnweta nke ihe ndị sitere n'okike dị ka mmiri na carbon maka ndị bi n'ógbè ahụ.

Enwere ike ibelata mmetụta nke oke osisi site na itinye uru maka imezigharị ọhịa, omume nke na-aba uru n'ụzọ akụ na ụba. Ịkụ osisi, ma ọ bụ ịkụ osisi n'oké ọhịa mebiri emebi, bụ ụdị mmelite aka nke ejirila mee ihe na East Kalimantan na South Kalimantan, Indonesia. E guzobere oke ịkwa osisi na China na 1987; ọ kwụsịrị igbu osisi na imebi ya mana ọ kpọghị ya n'ime ka ọhịa dịghachi ọhụrụ.

N'afọ 1996, n'ịzaghachi mmeghachi omume banyere mkpocha nke ụlọ ọrụ na Malaysia, minista ụlọ ọrụ ndị isi duziri ọrụ ọhịa iji hụ mmetụta ahụ.

## Ihe ngosi
Ọrụ nke Frederic Edwin Church, onye America na-ese ihe na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu nke na-egosipụtakarị ọganihu nke mmepụta ihe na ala ya, na-egosi na ọ "maara na oke osisi na-eduga na mbuze na mmetọ nke iyi".

## Hụkwa

* Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke akwụkwọ
* Ịkụbiga azụ ókè
* Ịzụbiga nri ókè

## Ihe odide

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