Archie Boston Jr.

**Archie Boston Jr.** (amụrụ 1943) bụ onye omenkà eserese America na prọfesọ lara ezumike nka.

Amụrụ na ezinụlọ dara ogbenye n'obere obodo dị na ndịda Florida,  Boston nwetara agụmakwụkwọ na eserese eserese  na Chouinard Art Institute dị na Los Angeles.  N'oge ụlọ akwụkwọ na mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi dabere na Los Angeles  tupu ya na nwanne ya nwoke Bradford guzobe Boston & Boston Design na 1967 - otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ojii mbụ nwere na United States.   Na 1972, mgbe ọ dị afọ 29, ọ ghọrọ onye isi oche nke Art Director Club nke Los Angeles, nke abụọ kasị ukwuu na mba ahụ. Ọ bụ onye isi ojii mbụ n'ime afọ iri abụọ na asatọ nke ọgbakọ ahụ. 

Na 1977 Boston nwetara akara ugo mmụta nna ukwu na Mahadum Southern California, wee malite ogologo ọrụ ya dị ka onye nkuzi  na Mahadum California State, Long Beach .  O nyere aka chọta mmemme Nkwukọrịta Ozi Visual n'ebe ahụ wee jee ozi dị ka oche ngalaba.   N'afọ 2004, a họpụtara ya Prọfesọ kachasị mma nke afọ. 

O mepụtala ọtụtụ ihe nkiri ihe nkiri, gụnyere *20 Ndị na-emepụta Los Angeles dị ịrịba ama*  na, na 2018 ya na nwanne ya nwoke David, o mepụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ, *Black Pioneers of the Sunshine City* banyere ndị na-akwado òtù Black Community na St. Petersburg, Florida. 

## Afọ mbụ
Amụrụ na 1943 na Clewiston, Florida,  Nna Boston bụ onye na-ekesa okpete ma ọ bụ onye ọrụ na-akwaga mba ọzọ na-akọ ubi okpete ma mesịa bụrụ onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala.   Nne ya zụrụ ụmụ ise, gụnyere Archie, ma rụọ ọrụ dịka onye na-elekọta nwa.  N'otu afọ ahụ ka a mụrụ Archie, ezinụlọ dara ogbenye  kwagara na mpaghara "Peppertown" nke St.  Ezinụlọ Boston nwere ike ịkwaga na mpaghara osisi gas nke obodo n'oge ụfọdụ n'ime 1940s,  mpaghara nke a maara ugbu a dị ka Midtown.   Boston gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Gibbs High School.  

## Agụmakwụkwọ
Na 1961, Boston gbasoro nzọụkwụ nke nwanne ya nwoke tọrọ, Bradford, ịga Chouinard Art Institute na Los Angeles (nke mechara ghọọ California Institute of Arts ).   Ego mgbazinye ụmụ akwụkwọ na-agbachitere mba kwadoro agụmakwụkwọ ya   maka afọ atọ mbụ wee nweta ohere agụmakwụkwọ Disney Foundation kwadoro afọ ikpeazụ ya nke ọmụmụ ihe eserese.  Louis Danziger, Ken Parkhurst, na Marvin Rubin kụziiri ya, na-agụsị akwụkwọ na nsọpụrụ na 1965.  Na 1977 ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta nna ya ukwu na Mahadum Southern California . 

## Ọrụ
N'ime afọ agadi ya na Chouinard, Boston rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi dabeere na Los Angeles Carson / Roberts, otu n'ime ndị kasị ukwuu na West.  Ọ gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na studio dị iche iche, gụnyere Hixson na Jorgensen Advertising na 1965, na 1966 ọ ghọrọ onye nduzi nkà na Botsford Ketchum.  Na 1967, ya na nwanne ya nwoke nke tọrọ, Bradford, hibere Boston & Boston Design, otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ojii mbụ nwere na United States.  Ha abụọ arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na mbụ na 1963 na-emepụta usoro akwụkwọ mmado maka Council on Negro Affairs. Ndị ahịa Boston & Boston Design gụnyere Beckman Instruments, Chiat/Day Advertising, na Concord Electronics. 

Na 1969, mgbe afọ abụọ rụkọrọ ọrụ ọnụ, Archie hapụrụ Boston & Boston Design, na-achọ ịlaghachi n'ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi ebe ọ ga-enwe ike ịhụ echiche ya mezuru site na mgbasa ozi ebipụtara.  Ọ were ọkwa na onye were ya n'ọrụ mbụ, Carson/Roberts, mana obere oge ka ọ banyeghachiri Botsford Ketchum, ebe ọ nọrọ ruo 1977.  Na Botsford Ketchum, Boston na-arụ ọrụ na mkpọsa maka Motorola, Raytheon, Yamaha, na Pentel, na-agbakọta nkà mgbasa ozi ya na idegharị ederede, karịsịa na-ede isi okwu maka mgbasa ozi Pentel, "Agwara m Pentel ihe ha ga-eji mkpịsị akwụkwọ ha mee. Ha wee mee ya. ."  Ọ malitekwara Archie Boston Graphic Design, mgbasa ozi na ndụmọdụ imewe, na-ebute ndị ahịa malite na 1973.  

Na 1972, mgbe ọ dị afọ 29, Boston ghọrọ onye isi oche nke Art Director Club nke Los Angeles, nke abụọ kasị ukwuu na mba ahụ, ma bụrụ onye isi ojii mbụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme afọ 28 nke nzukọ ahụ. 

### Onye nkuzi imewe
Boston malitere nkuzi mgbe ọ dị afọ 23 na Chouinard Art Institute.  Mgbe ọ nwetasịrị akara ugo mmụta nna ya ukwu na Mahadum Southern California na 1977,  ọ malitere afọ 32 dị ka onye nkuzi zuru oke na Ngalaba Art na Mahadum California State, Long Beach .  Na 1978 o nyere aka chọta ngalaba nhazi nke mechara bụrụ mmemme Nkwukọrịta Nkwukọrịta Anya.  N'oge ya na Cal State Long Beach, ọ rụrụ ọrụ 12 dị ka oche ngalaba.   Ọ lara ezumike nká na nkuzi na 2009. 

## Mmetụta na ihe nketa
N'oge izu ike mbụ ya na California State University Long Beach, Boston ghọtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ, *20 Ndị na-emepụta Los Angeles pụtara ìhè* . Maka ihe nkiri a, ọ gbara ajụjụ ọnụ na-eduga ndị na-emepụta Los Angeles gụnyere Saul Bass, Marion Sampler, Robert Miles Runyan,  Louis Danziger, April Greiman,  n'etiti ndị ọzọ na-emepụta ihe. Ego enwetara site na akwụkwọ akụkọ a rụpụtara nyere ego mmụta maka imewe ụmụ akwụkwọ nọ na mkpa.  

Na 2018, ya na nwanne ya nwoke David, o mebere ma jee ozi dị ka onye nduzi okike na akwụkwọ akụkọ, *Black Pioneers of the Sunshine City.* Ihe nkiri a na-akọ banyere ọrụ ịsụ ụzọ nke ndị na-akwado ndị otu obodo ojii na St. Petersburg, Florida 

## Nkwenye na mmezu

* 1972 Onye isi ala America izizi nke Art Directors Club nke Los Angeles, ebe ọ jere ozi oge abụọ.  
* 2004 California State University aha Boston Prọfesọ kacha mma nke afọ. 
* 2007 AIGA Fellows Award, LA Chapter of AIGA 
* 2017 Boston na ọrụ ya gosipụtara na ihe omume 4  nke usoro ọtụtụ akụkụ *The Real Mad Men of Advertising* 
* 2021 AIGA Medalist 
* *Eserese eserese: USA* kpọrọ ya otu n'ime ndị ọsụ ụzọ imewe iri atọ na ise. 
* Enyere ya maka ọrụ ya na Art Directors Club Shows gụnyere New York, San Francisco, na Los Angeles 
* Na 2018, Mahadum Duke nwetara ọrụ niile nke Boston sitere na 1963. " 

## Akụrụngwa mpụga

* Akwụkwọ Archie Boston, Mahadum Duke. https://archives.lib.duke.edu/catalog/bostonarchie
* Archie Boston graphic design faịlụ, ihe dị ka 1970s-2010s https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/13901957
* Archie Boston, Boston & Boston nkwalite, "Maka onye mmebe ịkpa oke" https://www.notion.so/peoplesgraphicdesignarchive/For-a-Discriminating-Design-Poster-946c2e2f26ff4897bf34035d195f4e4f

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations