Tourmaline (onye na-eme ngagharị iwe)

Tourmaline ( gbasara 1983; [1] [2] nke a na-akpọbu Reina Gossett ) [3] [4] bụ onye omenkà America, onye na-ese ihe nkiri, onye ụgbọndọrọ, onye nchịkọta akụkọ, onye nchịkọta, na onye edemede .  Ọ bụ transgender nke na-mpụta dị ka quer .  [2] Tourmaline bụ ihe a ma ama maka ọrụ ya na transgender activism na ikpe ziri ezi akụ na-akọ, site na ọrụ ya na Sylvia Rivera Law Project, Critical Resistance and Queers for Economic Justice.  [5] Papa na New York City .

## Ndụ mbido
A egwuregwu Tourmaline na Julaị 20, 1983, [1] [2] wee tolite n'iche na Massachusetts .  Nne ya bụ onye nhazi otu na nna ya bụ onye nkuzi na- onwe ya na onye na-akwado ụlọ ọzụzụ.  Nwanne ya nwoke bụ Che Gossett na-etinye aka na mgba AIDS na ọrụ nje HIV

Tourmaline na Che gara ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị na-asự abụọ na Roxbury ebe "ndị nkuzi na-akparị," ma iko gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ dị iche iche ebe ha "si na ego ogbenye ụlọ akwụkwọ na ndị ọrụ dị ka ụmụ Mitt Romney."

## Agụmakwụkwọ
Tourmaline kwagara New York City ịga Mahadum Columbia na 2002, [1] wee nweta Bachelor of Arts [2] na Comparative Ethnic Studies .

Site na mmemme ụlọ akwụkwọ a na-akpọ Island Academy, ọ kuziri klas ịde ihe okike na ụlọ ọrụ mgbazi Rikers Island .  [1] [2] Mgbe ọ nọ na Mahadum Columbia, ọ jere ozi na kansụl Onye isi ala na ihe gbasara ụmụ akwụkwọ n'etiti ngalaba nke Middle East na ahia Asia na omenala.  Na ] , [ bụkwa onye otu nri na onye otu ụmụ akwụkwọ na-ebuma ụzọ na ihe. 

## Ime ihe
Tourmaline arụọla ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche na-ahụ maka mmegide transgender, ikpe ziri ezi akụ aka, na mkpochapụ ụlọ nche.  Ọ jere ozi dịka onye nhazi otu maka Queers for Economic Justice.  Na Sylvia Rivera Iwu Project, ọ jere ozi dị ka onye isi otu.  [1] Ọ bụ onye na-ekwu okwu gbasara okwu transgender na GLAAD 

Tinyere Critical Resistance, Tourmaline haziri nwere obere ego LGBTGNC nke gbochiri Ngalaba Ndozi nke NYC iwu ụlọ nlekọta $ 375 nde na Bronx.  [1] Tourmaline emeela ọrụ mkpochapụ ụlọ site na usoro vidiyo, nke isiokwu ya bụ Ọ dịghị onye nwere ike ihe: omume kwa ụbọchị nke mkpochapụ ụlọ, ya na Dean Spade .

Tourmaline arụwo ọrụ dị ka onye kụko ihe mere eme obodo maka ndụ ndị eze na ndị transgender gburugburu nnupụisi Stonewall Inn, na-elele ka ebe nchekwa na ebe nchekwa ebute ụzọ na-echekwa ihe ndị nka transgender.   [1] Kama, Tourmaline akwụkwọ na a na-echekwa ihe ndị a na ike.   [2] Tourmaline alụso nke a ogụ site na iji ọrụ lekwasịrị anya trans nke oge a, na-akpọ blọọgụ Tumblr, dị ka The Spirit Was… , na pọdkastị.

E sere Tourmaline na Oghere Obi Ike: Echiche na Okwukwe na LGBT Justice (2015), bụ nke Marc Smolowitz ikpe ma dị ka ihe omume Mgbasa Ozi Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ&#x5B; ** &#x5D;

Na 2017, o deziri akwụkwọ *Trap Door: Trans Cultural Production and the Politics of Visibility,*  ya na ndị na-edezi Eric A. Stanley na Johanna Burton. Akwụkwọ a bụ akụkụ nke usoro akpọrọ *Critical Anthologies in Art and Culture* site na MIT Press. 

N'afọ 2013, e nyere Tourmaline onyinye BCRW Activist Fellowship maka ọrụ ya na nkwụsị nke ikpe ziri ezi na mkpochapụ ụlọ mkpọrọ, yana ịkwado ọrụ ya iji dekọọ na ibuli akụkọ ihe mere eme na ihe nketa nke ụmụ nwanyị trans. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka 2016 &#x2013; 2018 Activist-in-Residence na Barnard Center for Research on Women. 

## Ihe nkiri
Tourmaline ihe nkiri ihe nkiri ya na 2010 mgbe ọ nwere ọrụ na Kagendo Murungi's Take Freedom Home .  [1] Maka ihe nkiri a, ọ chị ọchịchị ọnụ na-etolite LGBTQ New Yorkers maka ihe ịma aka ndị chere ụlọ dị ọnụ ala, ngwaọrụ na ọrụ.  Na 2016 ọ na-eduzi ihe nkiri mbụ ya Ihe nkeonwe nke na-egosi trans okenye Miss Major Griffin-Gracy, bụ onye na-azụ uche na ndụ ya dị ka onye na-eme ihe ike.  Na 2017 Tourmaline ihe nrite Queer Art maka ọrụ ya na ihe nkiri a.  Tourmaline rụkwara ọrụ na ihe nkiri Golden Globe mgbaàmà Mudbound dị ka onye na-enyere aka na Dee Rees .

Tourmaline emeela ọtụtụ ihe nkiri gbasara trans activism.  Ndị STAR bụ ndị mara mma (2009), akwụkwọ ya na Sasha Wortzel, na-edekọ ndụ na ọrụ nke Sylvia Rivera na STAR (Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries) .  [1] ụtụtụ ya na-esote, mekwara ya na Wortzel, Happy Birthday, Marsha!  , na-ahụ ndụ onye na-akwado Marsha P. Johnson .  [2] [3] Ụmụ nwanne Trans, ọrụ niile dị mkpa na fim ahụ na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri nkiri onwe ha na mmemme ahụ.  

  N'October 2017, Tourmaline boro ebubo na onye na-ese ihe nkiri David France akwụkwọ akwụkwọ aka ya nye Arcus Foundation iji akwụkwọ akwụkwọ The Death and Life of Marsha P. Johnson, [1] nke arụ na Netflix na October 6.  Tourmaline na onye mmekọ Sasha Wortzel nọ na-ekiri maka isiokwu maka ego iji wepụta obere ihe nkiri ha, Happy Birthday, Marsha!  .  Onye na-akwado transgender Janet Mock safarka a.  France gọna ebubo ahụ.  [2] [3] [4] [5] ndi Jezebel na The Advocate mere nke onwe ha mere wepụrụ France ma kwubie na ebubo Gossett boro ya akara isi.  [6] [7] Agụmụmụka ahụ akwụkwọla asị gbasara iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nka, onye nwere ihe onyonyo nchekwa, na ihe bụ ebubo ziri ezi.

Nakwa na 2017, ọrụ Tourmaline na-ahụ na New Museum na New York na ihe na-egosi na-akpata: Gender dị ka ọrịa na mbụ Agha

Na 2020, Museum of Modern Art ihe nkiri 2019 Salacia, gbasara Mary Jones, maka nchịkọta ya na-adịgide adịgide   

## Ihe Nkà Anya Anya
Tourmaline na-arụ ọrụ n'ụdị dị iche iche na ihe ọrụ ya.  N'afọ 2020, o ibu ihe osise onwe ya, Summer Azure, nke gara na ngosi na Getty Museum na 2021. [1] Na Summer Azure, Tourmaline n'onwe ya bụ isiokwu a na-ahụ ya na mbara igwe na-acha.  mgbasa, na-eyi uwe na-acha ọcha na akpụkpọ n'otu na Black trans ndụ.  Tiana Reid nke 4Columns na-enye Martian doro anya ihe osise a, "Ọ na-ejide okpu agha n'isi ya, dị nkiri maka ije ije. [2] Summer Azure na-anya site na foto nke Tourmaline nwere foto ise, ha  niile bụ ihe osise onwe ha na aha ha niile n'ụdị urukurubụba dị iche.  niile, Summer Azure, Coral Hairstreak, Sleepy Orange Sulfur, Swallowtail, na Morning Cloak, Tourmaline na-ele anya ndabere na 2021, The Metropolitan Museum of Art ọrụ abụọ site n'aka onye na-ese ihe, Summer.  Azure , maka ngosi na tupu ụnyaahụ anyị nwere ike ife efe: Ndị nwe Afrofuturist Period .

N'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2020, Tourmaline bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe ise ụmụaka ka ha chepụta ụdị dị iche iche, nke na-agụnye oge ịgbakọ a n'ụdị mpụ ndị gara aga, n'ihi ikike  gbasara mwepu nke ihe gbasara na-ahụ na oge ochie.  United States.  Iji nsogbu Complexlọ Mkpọrọ Rikers Island dị na New York City, Tourmaline siri na saịtị New York abụọ mere ihe mere eme.  Otu saịtị bụ Nanny Goat Hill, mpụta nke Seneca Village, obodo kwụụrụ onwe ya ebe ndị isi ojii na ndị Irish bi ma igwe ọnụ n'etiti 1825 na 1827. Nke abụọ bụ Pleasure Gardens nke ndị ojii nwere, ebe ndị dị na mpaghara Lower  Manhattan ebe ndị isi ojii ira eke ikuku ọhụrụ, na-egbu egbu na egwu na 1820s nyere na akwụkwọ ndị ọcha na- ndị isi ojii.  Nanny Goat Hill Pleasure Gardens bụ ihe nke na-eme ememe ma na-eme ka adị nke oghere ojii dị elu mgbanaka inwe ma ọ bụ ụbụbụeze.  Ọ bụ ebe na ọrụ a iwu , Tourmaline akwụkwọ abụ nke ike maka obere

## Nkwanye ugwu

* 2017 Queer Art Prize Finalist 
* 2019 Stonewall Community Foundation Honoree
* Soros Justice Fellowship 
* *Ezi ụbọchị ọmụmụ, Marsha!* Onye na-eme ihe nkiri bụ Ira Sachs ghọtara ma nye ya mmemme na mmemme Sach's Queer/Art/Mentorship maka afọ akwụkwọ 2012–2013. 
*  2020 100 
* Mmekọrịta Guggenheim 2021 

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta ihe nkiri transgender na ndị isi ihe onyonyo

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
* Wikipedia Edit-a-thon: Conversation with Orit Gat, Reina Gossett, Jenna Wortham, and Fiona Romeo discussion at MoMA, March 5, 2016
* Happy Birthday, Marsha! Directed by Reina Gossett and Sasha Wortzel
* Social Media: Tourmaline on Instagram Tourmaline on Facebook
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations