Carl Anthony

**Carl Anthony** (amuru Febụwarị 8, 1939) bụ onye omenkà America, onye na-eme atụmatụ mpaghara, onye na-akwado ikpe ziri ezi, na onye ode akwụkwọ. Ọ bụ onye nchoputa na onye ntụzi aka nke Breakthrough Communities, ọrụ a raara nye iji wulite ọchịchị agbụrụ maka obodo na-adigide na California na mba ndị ọzọ.  Ọ bụ onye bụbu onye isi oche nke Earth Island Institute, ọ bụkwa onye na-arụkọ ọrụ na onye bụbu onye isi nchịkwa nke mmemme ebe obibi obodo ya, otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ikpe ziri ezi gburugburu ebe obibi mbụ iji lebara nsogbu agbụrụ na klaasị anya. 

## Ndụ mbido
 
A mụrụ Carl Anthony na mpaghara ndị America America kacha na-achị, Kingsessing, na Philadelphia, Pennsylvania . Nne na nna ya Lewis Anthony (amụrụ William Edwards) na Mildred Anthony (née Cokine), zigara Carl na nwanne ya nwoke nke okenye Lewie na BB Comegys, ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị agbakwunyere nke naanị ihe dị ka iri na abụọ n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ 300 bụ ndị Africa America, kama ịbụ ndị America. Ụlọ akwụkwọ agbataobi a na-akpọ Alexander Wilson, nke bụ nanị ihe mgbochi site n'ụlọ ha. Ha mechara gaa n'ihu ịga ụlọ akwụkwọ a ma ama Dobbins, ebe Anthony debara aha ya n'ụlọ ahịa ịkwa nka na ebe a na-eme kabinet. Ihe osise ya masịrị ndị nkuzi ya ma tụọ aro ka ọ gafega n'ụlọ ebe a na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ, bụ́ ebe ọ kwalitere mmasị ya n'ihe owuwu ụlọ.

## Agụmakwụkwọ
Anthony gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Columbia na 1969. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, e nyere ya William Kinne Fellowship, onyinye iji kwalite agụmakwụkwọ ụmụ akwụkwọ site na njem. Anthony gara obodo ọdịnala na obodo nta dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Africa, na-amụ ụzọ ndị mmadụ si eji ihe ole na ole ha na-eme ka gburugburu ebe obibi ha. 

## Ọrụ mmalite: Kọmiti mmeghari ohuru nke Architect na UC Berkeley
Anthony malitere ọrụ aka ya na ngwụcha afọ 1960 na kọmitii mmeghari ohuru nke Architect na Harlem, otu n'ime ebe izizi obodo mbụ na United States. Mgbe o si n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Africa lọta na United States na 1971, ọ kwagara California ma kụziere ya na Mahadum California, Berkeley dị ka onye osote prọfesọ nke architecture na College of Environmental Design, emesịa ghọọ onye nkụzi nke mahadum College of Natural Akụrụngwa.  Na 1980 ọ hapụrụ UC-Berkeley ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na onye nhazi obodo .

## Ebe obibi obodo (1989–2000)
Anthony jere ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke Earth Island Institute site na 1991 ruo 1998. N'oge a, na mmiri 1996, ọ bụ onye a họpụtara Fellow na Institute of Politics, nọ n'ime John F. Kennedy School of Government, na Harvard University .  N'akụkụ onye ọrụ ibe ya Luke Cole na California Rural Legal Assistance Foundation, Anthony tọrọ ntọala ma bipụta Race, Poverty, na Environmental Journal,  nke bụ ikpe ziri ezi gburugburu ebe obibi nke United States n'oge.  Na 1989, Anthony tọrọ ntọala Earth Island Institute's Urban Habitat Programme,  ebumnuche ya bụ ijikọ agụmakwụkwọ na nkwado na ụlọ njikọ aka iji kwalite ikpe ziri ezi gburugburu ebe obibi na mmekọrịta ọha na eze na mpaghara ndị nwere obere ego na mpaghara Bay, ya na David Bower na Karl Linn., ma ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi nchịkwa nke atụmatụ ahụ ruo 2000.  Anthony duziri ọrụ dị iche iche nke Urban Habitat:

* Usoro ikpe ziri ezi na nkwado nke mpaghara Bay: mepụtara ma kwalite atụmatụ mpaghara maka ikpe ziri ezi na nkwado mgbe ọ na-ekwu okwu atụmatụ atụmatụ nke na-eduga n'ịgbahapụ obodo.
* Ụlọ ọrụ Leadership for Sustainable Communities: Mmemme ọzụzụ onye ndu maka amụma na omume iji ala.
* Ụgbọ njem na ọrụ ikpe ziri ezi gburugburu ebe obibi: kwadoro maka ịgbanwe ihe ndị dị mkpa nke Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) na Bay Area Air Quality Management District n'ịgbasa mkpa njem nke obodo ndị nwere obere ego.
* Brownfields Community Leadership Project: soro ndị isi obodo ndị nwere agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba agba mbọ ọkụ ọkụ gbara na Brownfields.
* Ọrụ Hunter's Point Environmental Health Project: ndị bi na ndị isi obodo zụrụ azụ na Bayview Hunter's Point na ahụike gburugburu ebe obibi, okwu ikpe ziri ezi, na iwu. Mmekọrịta ya na Southeast Alliance for Environmental Justice na Golden Gate University Environmental Law and Justice Clinic.
* Ogige ntụrụndụ na oghere maka mmadụ niile: rụrụ ọrụ n'ịkwalite Sistemụ Parks San Francisco site n'ilekwasị anya na mkpa nke obodo ndị nwere obere ego na agba, na-ahụ na ụdị dị iche iche nke ndị mmadụ nwere ike ịnweta ogige ntụrụndụ. 

## Ford Foundation (2000-2008)
Na 2000, Anthony sonyeere Ford Foundation . N'ebe ahụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye isi oche nke Community na Resource Development Unit. Ọ bụkwa onye isi nke Sustainable Metropolitan Communities Initiative ruo afọ asaa, ma kwụọ ụgwọ maka mkparịta ụka nke Regional Equity, mkparịta ụka n'etiti ndị nyocha amụma na ndị na-akwado gbasara ikpe ziri ezi na nkwado agbụrụ. 

## Ogbe Nwelite (2008-)
Na 2008, Anthony kwadoro Breakthrough Communities, oru ngo nke Earth House Center,  nkwado anaghị akwụ ụgwọ maka ịha nhatanha mpaghara na ikpe ziri ezi gburugburu ebe obibi na ihu igwe ma na-eje ozi dị ka onye nduzi.  Anthony tọrọ ntọala isii Wins, atụmatụ na mpaghara Bay na-ekwu maka mbelata ikuku carbon dioxide. 

## ''Ụwa, Obodo, na akụkọ ezoro ezo nke agbụrụ'' (2017)
Ihe ncheta Anthony, *Ụwa, Obodo, na akụkọ ezoro ezo nke agbụrụ*, na-ekwu maka nha anya mpaghara na mgbanwe ihu igwe . 

## Mbipụta

### Anthony dere

* "The Big House and the Slave Quarter, Part I, Prelude to New World Architecture." *Magazin ọdịdị ala* . Oge okpomọkụ 1976.
* "The Big House and the Slave Quarter, Part II African Contributions to the New World." *Magazin ọdịdị ala* . Mgbụsị akwụkwọ 1976.
* "Ịgbasawanye mmegharị ọhịa, ndị Africa America na gburugburu ebe obibi," *Akwụkwọ ndekọ anụ ọhịa.* Jenụwarị 1990.
* "Obodo dị n'ime dị ka ala mebiri emebi. ” *Nlebanya ọkụ obodo* *4* . San Francisco: Akwụkwọ ọkụ obodo, 1990.
* "ikpe ziri ezi ọha na eze na-adịgide adịgide." Mgbakọ Ecocity nke Mba Nile nke Mbụ, Usoro. Ed. Chris Canfield. Berkeley, Ca. Mee 1990.
* "Ichekwa ọrụ na gburugburu ebe obibi na West Berkeley. ” *agbụrụ, ịda ogbenye & gburugburu* / Mmelite ebe obibi obodo. Ụlọ ọrụ Earth Island. Eprel 1991.
* "Amụma Ike na Mwepu nke Ime Obodo." *agbụrụ, ịda ogbenye & gburugburu* . Mmemme Ebe obibi obodo, Earth Island Institute. Oge okpomọkụ 1991, p.&nbsp;3.
* "Ịmeghachite California Dream, Growth, Justice and Sustainability." EDGE: Njikọ nke agbụrụ agbụrụ na gburugburu ebe obibi, San Francisco, 1992.
* "Ụzọ dabere na obodo maka nrụpụta: Okwu nke West Berkeley. ” *Hastings West-Northwest Journal of Law and Policy* . Mahadum California, Hastings College of Law. Vol. 3, Nke 3. Mmiri 1996.
* "Na-eme ka Brownfields oge ntoju." *Ala na ndị mmadụ*, akụkọ kwa afọ. Vol. 8, Nke 2. Fall 1996.
* "Ecology na Justice in the Global Age: Inweting the Vision." *Magazin Terrain* . Oge oyi 1998.
* "Mkpegharị ikpe ziri ezi gburugburu ebe obibi: Ntụleghachi na nkatọ: Echiche Onye Ọrụ." *Ike, ikpe ziri ezi na gburugburu ebe obibi: Ntụle dị egwu nke ngagharị ikpe ziri ezi gburugburu ebe obibi* . Ed. David Pellow. MIT Press, 2005.
* "Ntụgharị uche na ebumnuche na nkọwa nke akụkọ ihe mere eme gburugburu ebe obibi nke Africa America." *Ịhụ ifufe na mmiri ozuzo n'anya: Essays na African American Environmental History* . Ed. Diane Glave na Mark Stoll. Mahadum nke Pittsburgh Press, 2005.
* "Icheta Karl Linn, 1923-2005: Onye na-ahụ maka ọdịdị ala na onye guzobere mmegharị ime obodo." *Magazin atụmatụ na-aga n'ihu* . Mmiri 2005.
* "Ọsọ, Ebe na Obodo Obodo." *Obodo Obodo Humane: Ndị mmadụ na ọdịdị na narị afọ nke 21* . Ed. Rutherford Platt. Mahadum Massachusetts Press, 2006.
* *Ụwa, Obodo, na Akụkọ Zoro Ezo nke Ọsọ* . New York: New Village Press, 2017. 

### Kwuo ọrụ Anthony site n'aka ndị ọzọ

* Walker, Richard. *Obodo dị n'ime obodo: Greening nke Mpaghara San Francisco Bay* . Mahadum nke Washington Press, 2007. pp.&nbsp;229–248.
* Alexander, Christopher. *Asụsụ ụkpụrụ*, Obodo, ụlọ, ewu. Mahadum Oxford, 1977. Foto, p.&nbsp;371,1046.
* Bullard, Robert D., Johnson, Glenn S., na Torres, Angel O., *Sprawl.* *Obodo, agbụrụ, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na atụmatụ na Atlanta* . Island Press, Washington DC. p.&nbsp;13.
* Conzen, Michael, P., Rumney, Thomas, na Wynn, Graeme, ndị editọ. *Nduzi nke Ọkammụta maka ide ihe gbasara ala na America na Canada gara aga* . Mahadum Chicago, 1993. p.&nbsp;445.
* Di Chiro, Giovanna. "Nature as Community: Convergence of Environment and Social Justice" *na-adịghị ahụkebe Ground: Toward Reinventing Nature*, nke William Cronon, WW Norton na Co., 1995 deziri. pp.&nbsp;313,314 .
* Gottlieb, Robert. *Environmentalism Unbound: Ịchọgharị ụzọ ọhụrụ maka mgbanwe* . MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2001. pp.&nbsp;67–68, 69, 278. Hụ kwa, Urban Habitat pp.&nbsp;59, 71–73, 314 n.48.
* Gottlieb, Robert. *Na-amanye oge opupu ihe ubi, mgbanwe mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi* . Island Press, 1993. p.&nbsp;200.
* Grossman, Karl. "Ịgba Racism Environmental." *Akụ na ụba agbụrụ nke Sayensị, Maka Ọdịnihu Democratic* . Ed. Sandra Harding. Mahadum Indiana Press, 1993. pp.&nbsp;332,333 .
* Grossman, Karl. "The People of Color Environmental Summit" na *Nchekwa na-enweghị atụ, ikpe ziri ezi gburugburu ebe obibi na obodo nke agba* . Ed. Robert Bullard. Akwụkwọ ndị Sierra Club, 1994. p.&nbsp;291.
* Mowrey, Marc na Redmond, Tim. "Ikwado Gburugburu Ebe Obibi." *Ọ bụghị n'azụ ụlọ anyị: Ndị mmadụ na ihe omume nke kpụrụ America's Modern Environmental Movement*, William Morrow na Company, 1993. pp.&nbsp;435–36, 437.
* Snell, Marilyn Berlin. "Karl Linn na-azụlite obodo." *Magazin Siera* . Mee/June, 2001. pp.&nbsp;30,31.
* Szasz, Andrew. *EcoPopulism, Ihe mkpofu na-egbu egbu na mmegharị maka ikpe ziri ezi gburugburu ebe obibi, mmegharị mmekọrịta ọha na eze, mkpesa na esemokwu, Mpịakọta 1* . Mahadum nke Minnesota Press, 1994. p.&nbsp;195.

## bọọdụ, kọmishọna na onyinye

* 2015: Onyinye Trailblazer sitere na Sierra Club
* 2015: UC Davis Community ntinye onyinye
* 2014: Asambodo nke nnabata Congressional Pụrụ Iche site n'aka onye omeiwu Barbara Lee
* 1999–2001: Onye isi oche, Community Capital Initiative nke Bay Area Alliance for Sustainable Development
* 1997: Josephine na Frank Duveneck Award Humanitarian
* 1996–1997: Onye isi oche, Board of Directors, Alameda Center for Environmental Technology
* 1996: Onye otu, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard, mahadum
* 1995: San Francisco Foundation, Onyinye enyemaka mmadụ
* 1995: KQED, Honoree, ọnwa akụkọ ihe mere eme ojii
* 1993–1996: Onye isi oche na onye isi nchịkwa, East Bay Converst and Reinvestment Commission
* 1993–1995: Onye guzobere, Onye isi ala, EDGE, Alliance of Ethnic and Environmental Organisation nke California
* 1991–1993: Onye isi ala, Obodo Berkeley, Commission Planning 
* 1990–1998: President, Earth Island Institute

## Ntụaka
akwụkwọ 300 bụ ndị Africa America, kama ịbụ ndị America. Ụlọ akwụkwọ agbataobi a na-akpọ Alexander Wilson, nke bụ nanị ihe mgbochi site n'ụlọ ha. Ha mechara gaa n'ihu ịga ụlọ akwụkwọ a ma ama Dobbins, ebe Anthony debara aha ya n'ụlọ ahịa ịkwa nka na ebe a na-eme kabinet. Ihe osise ya masịrị ndị nkuzi ya ma tụọ arovmgbochi site n'ụlọ ha. Ha mechara gaa n'ihu ịga ụlọ akwụkwọ a ma ama Dobbins, ebe Anthonymgbochi site n'ụlọ ha. Ha mechara gaa n'ihu ịga ụlọ akwụkwọ a ma ama Dobbins, ebe Anthony

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* Becher, Anne, na Joseph Richey, *ndị ndu gburugburu ebe obibi America: Site na Oge Ọchịchị ruo ugbu a* (2 vol, 2nd ed. 2008)  p.&nbsp;29–31.

## Njikọ mpụga

*
* http://breakthroughcommunities.info/
* https://web.archive.org/web/20161230163346/http://www.earthcityrace.net/p/welcome.html
* http://www.earthisland.org/
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ