open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Silverine Swer

**Silverine Swer** (1910-2014), nke a maara nke ọma dị ka **Kong Sil** (Kong pụtara nwanne nwanyị okenye n'Asụsụ Khasi), bụ onye India na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na gburugburu ebe obibi, onye nkuzi na onye ọrụ gọọmentị. Ọ bụ onye mbụ sitere n'agbụrụ nke nwere ọkwa dị elu na Gọọmenti Meghalaya, [1] wee bụrụ onye nnata nrite Silver Elephant Medal nke Bharat Scouts and Guides Award na Kaisar-i-Hind Medal.  Gọọmenti India nyere ya onyinye Padma Shri nke anọ kachasị elu na 1990, [2] na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye mbụ nnata ihe nrite sitere na steeti Meghalaya.

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Silverine Swer na 12 Nọvemba 1910 n'ezinụlọ Ndị Kraịst Khasi na Shillong, isi obodo nke steeti Meghalaya nke North East India. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Welsh Mission Girls School, Shillong, ọ gụsịrị karatu (BA) na Scottish Church College, n'okpuru Mahadum Calcutta, na 1932,  wee gaa n'ihu n'ebe ahụ iji nweta akara ugo mmụta na agụmakwụkwọ (BT) na 1936. Ọrụ ya malitere na 1937 na alma mater ya, Welsh Mission Girls" High School, na otu afọ ka e mesịrị, a họpụtara ya dị ka onye ndụmọdụ / onye nkuzi nke Girl Guides Movement, na 1938, na-elekọta ụlọ akwụkwọ dị iche iche dị na mpaghara British Indian nke Assam, Mizoram na East Pakistan (Bangladesh ugbu a). 

N'afọ 1944, a họpụtara Swer dị ka onye enyemaka onye na-ahụ maka rationing n'okpuru gọọmentị British Indian.  Ọ nọ n'ọkwa ahụ ruo 1949 mgbe ọ gbara arụkwaghịm n'ọrụ gọọmentị iji were ọrụ onye nkuzi na Pine Mount School, Shillong. Ọ nọrọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ afọ atọ ruo mgbe ya na N. K. Rustomji, onye ndụmọdụ Gọvanọ Assam na NEFA, nwere ohere izute, onye mere ka o kwenye iwere ọkwa onye isi agụmakwụkwọ nke North East Frontier Agency (NEFA) na Pasighat.Ọ nọrọ na NEFA site na 1952 ruo 1968 wee laghachi Shillong n'afọ ahụ maka afọ abụọ n'ebe obibi ya ebe ọ na-etinye aka na ọrụ nke Good Will Movement of the Moral Re-Armament (MRA).  Ọ so na ndị nnọchiteanya India gara Sweden na 1970 n'ihe metụtara ọrụ MRA.[1]  N'akụkụ ikpeazụ nke ọrụ ya, ọ chịkwara International Year for Women and Social Advisory Board of Meghalaya steeti, [2] duru ndị otu State Guides ije dị ka kọmishọna ya ma bụrụ onye otu onye isi kansụl Executive nke North Eastern Hill University. 

Silverine Swer, onye nọgidere na-abụ nwa agbọghọ na-enweghị nne na nna n'oge ndụ ya niile, nwụrụ na 1 Febụwarị 2014, mgbe ọ dị afọ 103, n'ụlọ ya na Riatsamthiah na Shillong. E liri ozu ya na Mawkhar Presbyterian Church Cemetery n'obodo ahụ dị elu.

## Ihe nrite na nkwanye ùgwù
Ọrụ ya dị ka onye nnyemaaka njikwa nke Rationing na 1940s nwetara ya onyinye nke Kaiser-i-Hind Medal n'aka gọọmentị Britain.[1]  Ọ natara ihe nrite enyí Silver nke Bharat Scouts na Guides na 1976. [nke chọrọ] Ọ bụkwa onye nnata ihe nrite Patogan Sangma maka ọrụ mmekọrịta yana RG Buruah Smriti Rakhya Samiti Award.  Gọọmenti India nyere ya nsọpụrụ nkịtị nke Padma Shri na 1990.[2]  N'afọ 2010, mgbe ọ ghọrọ otu narị afọ, Gọvanọ Meghalaya kwadoro nnọkọ pụrụ iche na Raj Bhavan, ebe obibi ya.

## Hụkwa
 

* Ndị Khasi
* Ịgba Agha n'Iwu

## Edensibia
Ndepụta nke ụmụ nwanyị minista mba ọzọ

**Minista na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara mba ọzọ** ma ọ bụ minista na-ekwu maka ihe gbasara obodo ọzọ (mgbe ụfọdụ minista na ihe gbasara mba ofesi) bụ minista nke na-ahụkarị maka iwu na mmekọrịta mba ọzọ. E nweela ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị a họpụtara n'ọkwa a gburugburu ụwa. Ndepụta a na-egosi ụmụ nwanyị ndị minista mba ofesi sitere na gburugburu ụwa, ma ọ bụ site na steeti ndị nwe obodo, steeti ndị a na-anabataghị, mpaghara kwụụrụ onwe ya, ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ sui generis.  Mba ụfọdụ enweela aha dị iche iche maka ọkwa a, dị ka onye ozi na-ahụ maka mpụ na Brazil na India.  Na United States na United Kingdom, a na-akpọ ọkwa a dị ka odeakwụkwọ nke steeti na odeakwụkwọ nke steeti maka mba ofesi na Commonwealth n'otu n'otu.

N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, praịm minista na-arụkwa ọrụ dị ka minista mba ofesi n'otu oge.  Nke a bụ ihe mere Indira Gandhi na Sirimavo Bandaranaike, bụ́ ndị jere ozi dị ka praịm minista nke India na Ceylon n’otu n’otu.  Guinea-Bissau na Sweden enweela ndị ozi nwanyị asaa, ihe ndekọ ụwa.

## Mba ndị na-achị achị

* Akara na-egosi onye na-anọchite anya minista mba ọzọ na steeti ndị na-adịghịzi adị.

## Mpaghara ndị na-achị onwe ha na ndị mejupụtara
 

* Akara na-egosi onye na-anọchite anya minista mba ọzọ na steeti ndị na-adịghịzi adị.

## Ndị isi Sui
 

## Hụkwa

* Minista mba ọzọ
* Ndepụta nke ndị minista mba ọzọ ugbu a
* Ndepụta nke ndị nnọchi anya na-adịgide adịgide ugbu a na United Nations

## Ihe edeturu

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ndị Minista Na-ahụ Maka Mba Ọzọ
* Ndị ọchịchị
Alice Birney

thumb|Alice Birney
**Alice McLellan Birney** (Ọktoba 19, 1858 - Disemba 20, 1907) bụ onye nkuzi America nke so guzobe National Parent-Teacher Association na 1897.

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Alice Josephine McLellan na Marietta, Georgia, ada Leander na Harriet Tatem McLellan.  Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị mgbe ọ dị afọ 15. Mgbe ọ gachara kọleji Mount Holyoke nwa oge, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkụzi, onye mgbasa ozi, na onye na-elekọta mmadụ.   

## Ọrụ
Ya na Phoebe Hearst guzobere National Congress of Mothers, nke e mechara mara dị ka Parent-Teacher Association, na nzukọ mbụ e nwere na Washington, D. C. na 1897.  Birney jere ozi dịka onye isi ala afọ ise mbụ ya.  Birney dekwara ọtụtụ ebe na isiokwu gbasara ịzụ ụmụaka, gụnyere akwụkwọ 1905 Childhood, nchịkọta akụkọ ya nke edere maka The Delineator na akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ.[1][2]  N'ihi ahụ ike ya dara ada, Hannah Kent Schoff nọchiri Birney na 1902 dị ka onye isi oche nke National Congress of Mothers.

## Ndụ onwe onye na ihe nketa
Mgbe di mbụ ya, ọkàiwu Alonzo J. White Jr., nwụrụ na 1880, ọ lụrụ Theodore Weld Birney (nwa nwa James G. Birney) na 1892.[1]  Ọ mụrụ ụmụ nwanyị atọ, Alonsita Eliza White (b. 1881), Catherine Weld Birney (b. 1893), na Lillian Harriet Birney (b. 1895).  "Weld" bụ ntụaka maka Theodore Dwight Weld.  Ọ nwụkwara ọzọ na 1897. Birney nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa kansa na Chevy Chase, Maryland, na 1907, ọ dị afọ 49;  E liri ozu ya na Oak Hill Cemetery na Washington D.C.

N'ihi mgbalị ya, a gụrụ ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị na nke etiti na United States aha iji sọpụrụ ya, gụnyere Alice M. Birney Elementary School na Long Beach, California,  Alice M. Burney Elementary school na Pico Rivera, California,  Alice Birney Elementory  na San Diego, California, Alice M. birney Middle School (nke nwụrụ anwụ)  na Southfield, Michigan, Alice Birney Waldorf Elementary School, Sacramento, California, [3] na Alice Birney Middle School, [4] na Alice Birno Elementary.

## Edensibia
Marilyn P. Johnson

**Marilyn Priscilla Johnson (June 19, 1922 - Septemba 19, 2022) bụ onye nnọchi anya mba America nke jere ozi dị ka onye nnọchi anya United States na Togo.[1]  A họpụtara ya n'ọkwa ahụ na Septemba 23, 1978, ma hapụ ọkwa ya na Julaị 29, 1981.**

Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Radcliffe College na B.A. na 1944 na Middlebury College na 1952 na M.A. Ọ debanyere aha na US Navy ma jee ozi dị ka lieutenant site na 1944 ruo 1946. 

Site na 1952 na 1959, Johnson kụziiri French na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.  Ọ bụ ọkà mmụta Fulbright na France site na 1957 ruo 1959, yana onye nyere Smith-Mundt na Guinea site na 1960 ruo 1961.[1]  N'agbata afọ 1962 na 1964, ọ kụziiri Bekee dị ka asụsụ mba ọzọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ dị iche iche dị na Cameroon na Mali.  Ọ sonyeere ndị ọrụ mba ofesi na 1964, bụrụkwa onye ọrụ na-ahụ maka omenala na Bamako, Mali, na Tunis, Tunisia, yana onye ọrụ na-ahụ maka ọha na Niamey, Niger.

Site na 1971 ruo 1974, Johnson bụ osote osote onye nduzi nke mmemme Information Centers .  N'afọ sochirinụ, ọ gara Senior Seminar na Foreign Policy, ma site na 1975 ruo 1976 ọ mụtara Russian site na ọzụzụ. N'afọ 1976, ọ bụ onye ọrụ ọdịbendị na Moscow, Soviet Union. Na Septemba 1978, e kenyere ya ọrụ dị ka onye nnọchi anya United States na Republic of Togo ruo July 1981. 

Johnson nwụrụ n'ụlọ ya na Bethlehem, New Hampshire, na Septemba 19, 2022, mgbe ọ dị afọ 100. 

## Edensibia
Marin Matsushita

Marin Matsumoto  bụ Onye na-eme egwuregwu shogi nke ụmụ nwanyị Japan nke nọ n'ọkwa 1-dan.

## Mbido ndụ na ịghọ onye na-egwu egwuregwu shogi nke ụmụ nwanyị
A mụrụ Matsushita na Kumamoto, Japan na Ọktoba 25, 2006.  Ọ malitere inwe mmasị na shogi mgbe ọ dị afọ ise mgbe ọ chọtara shogi dị ka akụkụ nke nchịkọta egwuregwu. N'okpuru nduzi nke ọkachamara shogi Shūji Satō, ọ banyere na ngalaba Kyushu nke usoro ọzụzụ otu Japan Shogi Association na 2020. Na July 2022 mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ mbụ ya dị ka nwa akwụkwọ na Kumamoto Prefectural Seiseikou High School, ọ ruru eru maka ọkwa ọkachamara ụmụ nwanyị mgbe ọ gasịrị.  a na-akwalite ya na otu ọzụzụ B2.[1]  Ọ bụ onye ọkpọ egwuregwu shogi izizi ụmụ nwanyị sitere na Kumamoto Prefecture.

## Ọrụ shogi ụmụ nwanyị

### Akụkọ nkwalite
Akụkọ nkwalite Matsushita dị ka ndị a:

* 2-kyū: August 1, 2022
* 1-kyū: Ọktoba 19, 2022
* 1-dan: Eprel 1, 2023

Rịba ama: Ọkwá niile bụ ọkwa ọkachamara ụmụ nwanyị.

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* ShogiHub: Matsumoto, onye ọkwọ ụgbọ mmiri
Otú:Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Marina Alene Mbá

**Marina Alene Mbá** bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye na-ahazi ụmụ nwanyị na Equatorial Guinea, onye guzobere ngalaba ụmụ nwanyị nke United National Workers' Party (PUNT).

## Ndụ
Marina Alene si Río Muni nke dị n'ebe Spanish Guinea na-achị n'oge ahụ.  Dị ka nne nke ụmụ isii na 1960, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Barcelona na Sección Femenina (SF), ngalaba ụmụ nwanyị nke òtù Falange na Francoist Spain.  Na 1968 ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta dị ka onye nkuzi SF n'ozuzu, ihe doro anya na-amasị ndị nkuzi ya:
 
N'ile Arlene anya dị ka onye na-achọ iduzi otu ụmụ nwanyị na Republic of Equatorial Guinea na-abịanụ, Ngalaba Ụmụ nwanyị nyere ya ọrụ ịgafe Spain iji mụtakwuo banyere nhazi ha. Otú ọ dị, mgbe nnwere onwe gasịrị, n'ihe gbasara ngagharị iwe na-arịwanye elu megide ndị Spain na mbido 1969, Alene tụrụ ndị nkuzi ya na Spain egwu site n'ịchọrọ maka ngalaba ụmụ nwanyị Africa nwere onwe ya kpamkpam:
 
Akụkọ na-ekesa maka nzukọ "ndị na-emegide ndị ọcha" nke a na-anabata n'ụlọ ya, na-akpọ maka mkpa ọ dị "ịzọpụ ndị ọcha ma zọpịa isi ha ma ghara ịkwụsị ruo mgbe anyị jikwaa ya".

Alene ghọrọ onye otu Central Committee nke United National Workers' Party (PUNT), na-anọchite anya pati ahụ na mba ụwa na nsogbu ndị ruuru ụmụ nwanyị. Ọ lekọtara mgbanwe nke Ngalaba Ụmụ nwanyị Equatoguinean ka ọ bụrụ Ngalaba Ụmụnwaanyị nke PUNT.  Tinyere ịhazi ihe omume na ihe omume, Ngalaba Ụmụ nwanyị chọrọ ka ndị otu rụọ ọrụ dị ka ndị na-enye ndị ọchịchị ihe ọmụma banyere ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ezinụlọ ha.

## Edensibia
Marina Bosi

**Marina Bosi bụ Prọfesọ na-enye ndụmọdụ na Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics (CCRMA) nke Mahadum Stanford.[1]  Na mbụ onye nkuzi flutist na ọjà, amaara ya maka ọrụ ya na ụdị koodu dijitalụ dijitalụ.**

## Agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Marina Bosi na nso Milan ma zụlite ya na Florence. Ọ mụrụ ọjà na Severino Gazzelloni, ma nweta diplọma na ọjà na Conservatory of Music na Florence. Mgbe ahụ, ọ kụziri ọjà na Conservatory of Music na Venice. O mechara laghachi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Florence ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na doctorate na physics. Akwụkwọ edemede ya (mepụtara ma tinye ya n'ọrụ site na nyocha na IRCAM na Paris) bụ "Nhazi nke usoro kọmputa dị elu maka nhazi ụda egwu".

## Ọrụ
Ọ jere ozi dị ka onye isi ọrụ teknụzụ na MPEG LA yana osote onye isi ala na Digital Theater Systems (DTS).  Na Dolby Laboratories, o nyere aka wulite teknụzụ AC-2, AC-3, na MPEG-2 Advanced Audio Coding.  Ọ rụkwara ọrụ n'ichepụta ụkpụrụ maka teknụzụ ọdịyo na vidiyo na ọdịnaya dijitalụ.[1]  Bosi bụkwa akụkụ nke ndị otu nyocha mepụtara usoro Dolby Digital ọwa 5.1. 

Bosi bịara na United States ka ọ bụrụ onye ọkà mmụta nleta na Mahadum Stanford's Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics (CCRMA). Na mbido afọ 1990, ọ mepụtara usoro izizi nke Stanford na koodu ọdịyo dijitalụ, nke mesịrị duga na mbipụta nke akwụkwọ nkuzi n'ógbè ahụ. Ọ bụ onye guzobere Digital Media Project ma na-eje ozi na bọọdụ ndị nduzi ya.

Ọ bụ onye isi oche gara aga nke Audio Engineering Society [1] wee nata onyinye AES Board of Governors and Fellowship award.[2]  N'afọ 2019, e nyere Marina Bosi ihe nrite AES Silver Medal Award "iji kwado mmezu ndị pụtara ìhè na mmepe na nhazi nke koodu ọdịyo na vidiyo yana njikwa ikike dijitalụ echekwara."

## Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ

* Marina Bosi na Richard E. Goldberg, Introduction to Digital Audio Coding and Standards, 2002.
* Marina Bosi et al., "ISO/IEC MPEG-2 Advanced Audio Coding"', Journal of the Audio Eng. *Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Audio Eng. Soc*, Ọktoba 1997

## Edensibia

## Ebe ndị ọzọ e si nweta ya

* Audio Engineering Society: Oral History Project
* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ maka Music 422 "Perceptual Audio Coding" na Stanford
Otú:Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Marina Semyonova

**Marina Timofeyevna Semyonova (Russian: Марина Тимофеевна Семёнова, 12 June [O.S. 30 Mee ]  1908 – 9 June 2010) bụ onye mbụ Soviet zụrụ prima ballerina.  A mụrụ ya na Saint-Petersburg.  Akpọrọ ya aha onye Artist nke USSR na 1975.**

## Ndụ mbido
Onye egwu egwu mbụ nke Agrippina Vaganova guzobere, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Vaganova School na 1925, nke "edebanyere aha ya na akwụkwọ akụkọ ballet Soviet dị ka afọ nke mmeri Marina Semyonova na-enwetụbeghị ụdị ya".

Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Kirov Ballet ruo n'afọ 1930 mgbe Joseph Stalin kpọfere ya na di ya Viktor Semyonov (ha bụ ndị aha ha) na Bolshoi Theatre na Moscow.

N'ebe ahụ, ọ lụrụ Lev Karakhan (alụmdi na nwunye obodo), Old Bolshevik na osote onye Minista mba ọzọ, nke a maara nke ọma dị ka onye ndụmọdụ Sun Yat-sen.  A tọhapụrụ ya na  1937.

## Ọrụ
Onye na-ede egwu Soviet bụ Maya Plisetskaya dere banyere ya na "ihe ọ gosipụtara n'oge ya bụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe, ihe ọhụrụ, ihe na-adọrọ mmasị. Ugbu a, a na-ekwere n'ọtụtụ ebe na ọ bụ otú ahụ mgbe niile. "  Onye edemede Stefan Zweig dere banyere ịgba egwú ya na "mgbe ọ na-aga n'elu ikpo okwu na-agagharị na-agafe, nke ọzụzụ ya mere ka ọ dị mma, na mberede na-aga elu n'oké ifufe na mberede nke na-ekewa ịdị jụụ".

Semyonova bụ onye ọbịa na Paris Opera Ballet na 1935 ebe ya na Serge Lifar gbara egwu Giselle. 

Ọ natara Stalin Prize maka 1941 wee lara ezumike nká na 1952. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị nkụzi na répétiteurs kasị mkpa nke Bolshoi Theatre.  Natalia Bessmertnova, Marina Kondratieva, Nadezhda Pavlova, Nina Sorokina, Ludmila Semenyaka, Nina Timofeyeva na Nina Ananiashvili so na ndị nnapụta ya.

Semyonova lara ezumike nká n'ọrụ nkuzi ya mgbe ọ dị afọ 96. A maara ya maka ọbụbụenyi ya na onye na-agba egwú Nikolay Tsiskaridze, onye gbara ya ajụjụ ọnụ ọtụtụ oge. O nwekwara nwa nwanyị site n'aka onye na-ekwu okwu Vsevolod Aksyonov. N'afọ 2003, ọ meriri Prix Benois de la Danse maka ihe ọ rụzuru.N'afọ 2008, ụlọ ihe nkiri Bolshoi mere emume otu narị afọ nke Semyonova. Semyonova nwụrụ na 9 June 2010 n'ụlọ ya na Moscow, ụbọchị atọ tupu afọ 102 ya.

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta nke ndị na-agba egwú Russian

## Ihe edeturu

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* *M.T. Semyonova* Moscow, 1953
* S. Ivanova *Marina Semyonova* Moscow, 1965.

## Njikọ mpụga

* Semyonova na-eme ọdịiche Odette site na omume nke abụọ nke Swan Lake nke Tchaikovsky na 1940
* (n'asụsụ Bekee) Akụkọ ndụ
* (n'asụsụ Russian) Akụkọ ndụ
* (n'asụsụ Russian) Akụkọ ndụ
Mariola Summerfield

**Mariola Summerfield** (1927 - Febụwarị 17, 2021) bụ onye na-ahụ maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị na Gibraltar. Onye guzobere na onye isi oche ogologo oge nke Gibraltar Women's Association, ọ lụrụ ọgụ maka ikike iwu ụmụ nwanyị na ikike akụ na ụba malite n'oge agha.

## Ndụ mbido
A mụrụ Mariola Summerfield na Gibraltar na 1927.[1]  Mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ọ bụ akụkụ nke nchụpụ nke ndị Gibraltarian ndị nkịtị n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, na-akwaga Casablanca, Rabat, na London na ezinụlọ ya.

## Mgbalị
Summerfield laghachiri na Gibraltar mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, na 1966 ọ rụkọrọ ọrụ na otu Angela Smith n'ụlọ.  Òtù na-ahụ maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị, nke a tụụrụ ime ya dị ka nzukọ nke ndị nwunye nile na Gibraltar, bịara mara dị ka Gibraltar Women's Association na mmalite 1980s.
Mgbe ọ rụchara ọrụ dị ka osote onyeisi oche nke nzukọ ahụ, ọ gara n'ihu na-eduga njikọ ahụ ruo afọ iri abụọ, site na 1969 ruo 1989, na-alụ ọgụ maka ikike nhata maka ụmụ nwanyị Gibraltar.   Mgbe ọ kwụsịrị, ọ gara n'ihu dị ka "onye isi ala nsọpụrụ ndụ" ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ.

N'afọ ndị mbụ ya, Òtù Ndị Nwanyị Ụlọ megidere mmegide nke ọchịchị aka ike Franco ma rụọ ọrụ dị mkpa na nzaghachi obodo ahụ maka mmechi ókèala ya na Spain na 1969. Summerfield nyere aka gbaa ụmụ nwanyị ume ka ha were ọrụ ndị Spain na-arụbu bụ ndị na-enweghị ike ịgafe ókèala. Nzukọ a rụkwara ọrụ iji kwalite ndụ ezinụlọ Gibraltarian, gụnyere site n'ịgbakọ ọnụ na mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri.  N'afọ ndị 1970, Summerfield duuru otu ahụ n'ịgbanye n'ụzọ gara nke ọma ịgbanwe ọtụtụ iwu na-emetụta ụmụ nwanyị na Gibraltar, gụnyere ndị na-akwụ ụgwọ nha anya, ịgba alụkwaghịm, na ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị na usoro ikpe.[1]  Ka nsonye ụmụ nwanyị na ndụ obodo na-agbasawanye na Gibraltar, ya onwe ya ghọrọ onye ọka iwu nwanyị mbụ nke mpaghara ahụ.

N'afọ 2007, Summerfield bipụtara akwụkwọ ncheta akpọrọ A Woman's Place: Memoirs of a Gibraltarian woman - a "Llanita".   Onye otu Order of the British Empire, e nyekwara ya ihe nrite Gibraltar Medallion of Honour na 2015 

## Ọnwụ na ihe nketa
Summerfield nwụrụ na 2021 mgbe ọ dị afọ 93.   Mgbe ọ nwụrụ, Chief Minister nke Gibraltar Fabian Picardo kọwara ya dị ka "ihe onwunwe mba"  

## Edensibia
Alice Denney

**Alice Denney** (Novemba 8, 1922 - Novemba 20, 2023) bụ onye America na-ahụ maka nka na onye nchịkwa nka. A na-ewere Denney dị ka onye dị mkpa nke Washington, D.C. avant-garde arts ma bụrụ onye nduzi nke ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe na Washington D.C..

## Ndụ na ọrụ
A mụrụ Alice Denney na Nọvemba 8, 1922.[1]  Ọ bụ onye ntụzi mbụ nke Jefferson Place Gallery.[2]  O tinyere aka na ntọala nke Washington Gallery of Modern Art (na 1961), [3] [4] ma bụrụ onye guzobere Washington Project for Arts (na 1975).[5]  Denny jere ozi dị ka osote onye nduzi nke Washington Gallery of Modern Art. 

Denney nyere aka na ngosi ahụ, The Popular Image (1963),  na Washington Gallery of Modern Art nke gụnyere "Concerto #5" nke Robert Rauschenberg, na Judson Dance Theater.  N'afọ 1978, o wetara ihe ngosi Punk Art, na Washington Project of the Arts.  

Denney nwụrụ site na ọrịa strok na Nọvemba 20, 2023, mgbe ọ dị afọ 101.

## Edensibia

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* Ekele nye Alice Denney, 50 Years of Life and Work in the Avante-Garde, nke Maia Gatcheva, May 9, 2006
* "A Brief History of WPA & WPA\C", Washington Project for the Arts, Laura Coyle

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ajụjụ ọnụ akụkọ ihe mere eme na Alice Denney, 1975 Disemba 9-1976 Jenụwarị 27, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution
* Ajụjụ ọnụ akụkọ ihe mere eme na Alice Denney, 1976 Mee 13, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution
Marion Böker

**Marion Böker** bụ onye ndú na-ahụ maka Ihe ndị ruuru ụmụ nwanyị na Germany na ọkachamara n'Ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ bụ onye jere ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke iri na isii nke International Alliance of Women (IAW), nke bụ omenala bụ isi nzukọ mba ụwa nke na-eme mkpọsa maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị.

Ọ nwere akara ugo mmụta nna ukwu na akụkọ ihe mere eme ọgbara ọhụrụ na nzikọrịta ozi.  Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na emesịa dị ka onye ndụmọdụ na-elekwasị anya na mmejuputa ikike mmadụ.  O bipụtala ọtụtụ akwụkwọ na akụkọ. 

Böker anọwo na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'ime National Council of German Women's Organizations, CEDAW Alliance, UN Women Germany, na Alliance for UNSCR 1325 na Germany. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na bọọdụ mba ụwa nke International Alliance of Women wee bụrụ onye isi ala na 2021. Ọ bụ onye otu kọmitii na-ahụ maka European Women's Lobby, na-anọchite anya IAW.

N'afọ 2021, Böker sonyere na nzukọ CSW nke IAW na onye mmekọ ya, Icelandic Women's Rights Association, kwadoro, banyere mkpa ọ dị ndị inyom na-emegide "olu ndị na-emegiderịta onwe ha  na-aghọwanye ihe na  n'ihe ize ndụ nke ịdị n'otu ụmụ nwanyị gafee ókèala," ebe ọ tụlere ọnọdụ ya. N'afọ 2023, o sonyere na podcast "Trans Inclusion in the Women's Movement," nke gosipụtara na òtù ụmụ nwanyị ahụ guzobere na-akwado ndị LGBT+ . Böker dọrọ aka ná ntị megide ndị agha na-emegide ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na ndị agha dị n'akụkụ aka nri - gụnyere ndị otu na-egosipụta onwe ha dị ka ndị inyom mana ndị na-eme ihe ziri ezi na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ - na-anwa imebi ikike ụmụ nwanyị megide ikike ụmụ mmadụ nke ndị nta, na-ekwu na" ime  nzukọ gụnyere, ị ga-alụ ọgụ maka ya."  Böker kwusiri ike mkpa ọ dị ịrụ ọrụ na ndabere nke ikike mmadụ, nke a na-apụghị ịkewaa na nke zuru ụwa ọnụ, na iji chebe imeghe na ụkpụrụ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya. "

## Edensibia

Otú:Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Marion Keisker

**Marion Keisker MacInnes** (September 23, 1917 - December 29, 1989) bụ onye America na-emepụta ihe ndekọ. Ọ bụ onye mbụ dekọrọ olu abụ nke ihe ngosi ọdịbendị Elvis Presley. 

## Ndụ
A mụrụ Keisker na Memphis, Tennessee, wee gụchaa na Southwwest College na nzere bekee na French Medieval.  Ọ lụrụ Angus Randall MacInnes wee mụọ nwa nwoke, Angus David MacInnes, tupu ọ gbaa alụkwaghịm.  Ọ bụ onye nnabata redio maka WREC, ebe Sam Phillips rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye mgbasa ozi.  Ọ ghọrọ onye njikwa ọdụ na emesia onye enyemaka Phillips na Memphis Recording Service na Sun Records.  O mechara bụrụ onye isi ndị agha ikuku US. 
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ọfịs ihu nke Sun Studio, ebe Keisker rụrụ ọrụ ma kelee ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe na nleta mbụ ha gara na studio ahụ
A na-echeta Keisker nke ọma dị ka onye mbụ dekọrọ Elvis Presley, na July 18, 1953. Ọ nọ naanị ya n'ọfịs nke Sun Records, nke rụkwara ọrụ dị ka ọfịs maka Memphis Recording Service, mgbe Presley bịara ebe ahụ idekọ egwu abụọ, "My Happiness" na "That's When Your Heartaches Begin", maka ụgwọ $ 3.25. Nkwurịta okwu ya na Presley n'oge ahụ aghọwo akụkụ nke Elvis lore: "M kwuru, 'Olee ụdị onye na-agụ egwú ị bụ?' O kwuru, 'M na-abụ abụ n'ụdị niile.' M kwuru, 'Ònye ka ị na-ada?' O kwuru na, 'Adịghị m ka onye ọ bụla.'"

Keisker hapụrụ Sun Records na February 1957 wee sonye na US Air Force, bụ ebe e nyere ya ọrụ dị ka onye isi ma jee ozi dị ka onye ọrụ ozi na-elekọta ụlọ ọrụ telivishọn ndị agha na Ramstein Base na Germany.[1]  Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị Air Force na 1969, Keisker ghọrọ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na isi nke Memphis nke National Organisation for Women.[2]  Ọ bụ onyeisi oche.  Edere akwụkwọ ozi ya n'ọbá akwụkwọ ọha na eze Memphis.

Ellen Travolta gosipụtara ya na ihe nkiri 1979 *Elvis*, nke Jill Jane Clements gosipụtara na 2005 CBS miniseries *Elvis*, nke Margaret Anne Florence gosipụtara na 2017 CMT usoro Sun Records na nke Kate Mulvany gosipụtara na 2022 ihe nkiri Elvis .   &#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Akwụkwọ

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ụgbọ okporo ígwè ikpeazụ na Memphis: The Rise of Elvis Presley . New York: Obere, Brown.  ( )  

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Charles Hughes, The Anything but Ordinary Life of Marion Keisker MacInnes '42, Rhodes College alumni magazine, December 18, 2017.
Marion Paton

**Marion Paton** (1923 - Disemba 2016) bụ onye na-ahụ maka ego na Britain na onye na-emebi koodu na Bletchley Park n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. 

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Marion na York" id="mwEQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Aldborough, North Yorkshire">Aldborough, North Riding nke Yorkshire ma, mgbe ọ dị afọ 13, ọ kwagara York ịga Mill Mount Grammar School. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asatọ, mgbe ọ malitere ọrụ n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ego na York, ụlọ ọrụ na'ahụ maka mba ofesi kpọrọ ya dị ka onye ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na mba ofesi na Bletchley Park iji nyere aka na agha ahụ. A họpụtara ya n'ihi na o nwetara otu n'ime akara kachasị elu nke mba na ule mgbakọ na mwepụ ya. Site na Julaị 1944 ruo Eprel 1945 ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Block B, na-arụ ọrụ na Naval decoding. Maka ozi ya, edepụtara ya na Roll of Honour na Bletchley Park ma cheta ya na Codebreakers Wall . 

Marion hapụrụ Bletchley na mbụ ịlaghachi n'ụlọ nye nne ya na-arịa ọrịa, bụ́ onye na-anwụ n'ihi ụkwara nta.  N'ịbụ onye bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ iwu nzuzo nzuzo, ọ dịghị mgbe ọ gwara ezinụlọ ya nkọwa ọrụ ya n'oge agha.

Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, ọ laghachiri na ndekọ ego. N'afọ 1948, ọ lụrụ James Paton, onye na-eme njem ụgbọ mmiri RAF.

## Edensibia
Abụ Africa

**Poetry Africa** bụ mmemme uri mba ụwa na-eme kwa afọ na Durban, South Africa .

Ihe karịrị ndị na-ede uri iri abụọ, ndị ọkachasị ndị si South Africa na ebe ndị ọzọ na kọntinent Africa, na-ekere òkè na abụ uri nke ụbọchị asaa ruo ụbọchị iri, bụ mmemme uri mba ụwa nke dabere na Durban, South Africa, n'ime nkeji iri na ise ikpeazụ nke afọ. Nnukwu mmemme nke mmemme a gụnyere ihe nkiri ihe nkiri, ịgụ akwụkwọ, egwu na mwepụta akwụkwọ nwere mmecha mmemme na BAT Center. Ihe omume ụbọchị gụnyere nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe, ogbako, ohere igwe okwu mepere emepe, na nleta ụlọ akwụkwọ.

A na-ahazi uri Africa site n'aka Center for Creative Arts nke bụ ụlọ ọrụ nka ọtụtụ ọzụzụ n'ime ngalaba nke sayensị mmadụ na Mahadum KwaZulu-Natal na Durban. Site na nkwupụta ozi Mission CCA:Ebe a na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nhazi, onye nkwalite, netwọk, na onye na-ewuli ikike, ma na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'iweta ikike nka nke mpaghara ahụ. Ndị CCA na-ahazi mmemme anọ kwa afọ bụ nke kachasị n'ụdị ha na mpaghara; Oge nke onye edemede,  Poetry Africa, Durban International Film Festival,  na JOMBA! Ememme ịgba egwu nke oge a.  CCA na-etinyekwa aka na ọrụ na mmemme ndị ọzọ. Ememme ndị a na-egosipụta iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nka, a na-emepụta nke ọma, ma nata mkpuchi mgbasa ozi mara mma. Ha niile nwere njikọ mba ụwa siri ike na-eme ka mmekọrịta nka nka dị n'etiti yana na South Africa, kọntinenti Africa na obodo zuru ụwa ọnụ. Ihe omume niile nwere akụkụ mmepe dị mkpa na-erute n'ime obodo ndị na-enweghị ohere ịnweta ndị ọkachamara nka dị elu dịka ndị na-ekere òkè na mmemme anyị. Ụlọ akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị bụ ihe a na-elekwasị anya; dị ka ahịhịa mgbọrọgwụ ụlọ ọrụ obodo nka. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;Ihe karịrị ndị na-ede uri na ndị edemede 300 agaala ememme ahụ na mbipụta iri na ise ya, gụnyere: 

* Chris Abani, 2002
* Didier Awadi, 2011
* Gababa Baderoon, 2005
* Dennis Brutus, ọtụtụ afọ
* Sutardji Calzoum Bachri, 2004
* Gary Cummiskey, 2008
* Kwame Dawes, 2011
* Bob Holman, 2003
* Stanley Onjezani Kenani, 2007
* Werewere mmasị, 2004
* Myroslav Laiuk, 2018
* Gcina Mhlope, otutu afọ
* Bantu Mwaura, 2008 (nakwa maka Poetry Africa na World Social Forum, Kenya 2007)
* Pitika Ntuli, otutu afọ
* Lesego Rampolokeng, ọtụtụ afọ
* Mamta Sagar, 2005
* Benjamin Zefanaịa, 2000, 2006

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta ndị odee South Africa
* Ndepụta ndị odee South Africa
* Abụ South Africa

## Ntụaka


## Njikọ mpụga

* Weebụsaịtị Africa
* Onye akaebe - Akụkọ na 15th Poetry Africa 2011
* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke Center for Creative Arts (Nhazi).
* Njem nlegharị anya nke akwụkwọ KZN - Akụkọ banyere abụ Africa
RAMFest

**RAMFest** bụ  mmemme egwu mere ugboro abụọ n'obodo South Africa . RAMFest na-akwado egwu eletrọnịkị na egwu rock, nke na-enyekwa mmemme mpaghara.

## ndabere
Dawid Fourie  malitere RAMFest na 2007 na Worcester, Western Cape, South Africa na-egosi talent mpaghara 20.  Kemgbe ahụ RAMFest etoola n'ọtụtụ obodo South Africa  ma bụrụ otu n'ime mmemme egwu kachasị na mba ahụ.  The "RAM" na RAMFest na-anọchi anya *Real Alternative Music* dị ka Fourie si kwuo,  si otú a na-eme ka aha zuru ezu nke ememme ahụ *Real Alternative Music Festival* .

## Mbipụta ndị gara aga

:* 2007 – **Ebe egwuregwu gbagọrọ agbagọ** (2 – Maachị 3) na Cape Town naanị. 
:* 2008 – **gafere oke** (29 February – 2 Maachị) na Cape Town naanị. 
:* 2009 – **Nekkies** (February 27 – 1 Maachị) na Cape Town naanị. 
:* 2010 – **Ezigbo Ememme Egwu Alternative** (26–28  ; 6 Maachị) na Cape Town na Johannesburg n'otu n'otu. 
:* 2011 – *RAMFest* (4–5 Maachị; 9 Maachị; 12 Maachị) na Cape Town,  Durban  na Johannesburg  n'otu n'otu.
:* 2012 – **Ụbọchị égbè eluigwe** (2 Maachị; 3 Maachị; 9 Maachị; 10 Maachị; 11 Maachị) na Port Elizabeth,  Bloemfontein,  Durban,  Johannesburg  na Cape Town  n'otu n'otu. .
:* 2013 – *Red Heart Rum na-eweta: RAMFest* (7–10 Maachị; 8 Maachị; 15 Maachị; 15 Maachị; 15–16 Maachị) na Cape Town, Durban, Port Elizabeth, Durban (ọzọ) na Johannesburg n'otu n'otu. *Ekwesiri ighota na ihe ngosi Durban nke mbu bu maka mmemme eletrọnịkị ebe nke abụọ bụ maka okwu nkume na igwe.* 
:* 2014 - *Red Heart Rum na-eweta: RAMFest* (6–9 Maachị) na Cape Town na Johannesburg. 
:* 2019 - *Ihe ngosi Halloween: RAMFest* (June 16) na Pretoria. 
:* 2020 - *Standard Bank na-eweta: RAMFest* (13 Maachị) na Cape Town, *RAMFest* (14 Maachị) na Pretoria. 
:* 2023 - *RAMfest* (1 Septemba) na Cape Town, *RAMfest* (2 Septemba) na Pretoria. 

## Ndị na-eme egwuregwu
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Rise Against bi na Johannesburg, South Africa dịka akụkụ nke RAMFest 2013.
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Ime ihe ike taxi bi na Johannesburg, South Africa dịka akụkụ nke RAMFest 2014.
Tebụlụ na-esonụ na-edepụta ndị omenkà ama ama mere na RAMFest.

## Esemokwu
N'afọ 2012, e kesara agbụ mail, na-egosi na RAMFest nwere aka nke Setan . N'ihi ya, RAMFest nwere nsogbu ịhazi ebe ọzọ maka ụkwụ Bloemfontein nke fest  ma kagbuo ya n'ihi nrụgide sitere n'aka òtù okpukpe. 

Na December 2012, metalcore band As I Lay Dying wepụrụ site na RAMFest 2013 ahịrị n'ihi na ha nwere akwụkwọ abụọ iji kwado Ekwensu Wears Prada na njem ha.   Ụbọchị nlegharị anya nke Ekwensu Wears Prada megidere ụbọchị RAMFest 2013, na-eme ka ọ ghara ikwe omume As I Lay Dying na-eme na Ramfest 2013. 

N'oge Bring Me the Horizon 's set na Johannesburg ụkwụ nke ememme maka 2013, a tụbara gas anya mmiri n'ime igwe mmadụ nke mere ka ndị na-egwu egwu kwara ụkwara na akwa. 

RAMFest kwupụtara na a kagburu mbipụta 2015 nke ememme ahụ, na-ekwu maka enweghị omume kwesịrị ekwesị maka ahịrị ahụ dị ka ihe kpatara ịkagbu ya. 

RAMFest kwupụtara na mbipụta 2016 agaghị egosipụta omume mba ụwa ọ bụla, ma kagbuo ememme ahụ.

## Hụkwa

* N'ime Obodo
* Oppikoppi
* Ịrụ Egwu
* Egwu South Africa
* Fen na-agba agba

## Ntụaka
Ihe ngosi nke Alaeze Ukwu, South Africa

**Ihe ngosi Alaeze Ukwu, South Africa**, nke e mere na Johannesburg, e bu n'obi mee akara jubilii nke obodo ahụ ma Gọvanọ-General nke Union of South Africa meghere ya na 15 Septemba 1936.  Ọ bụ ihe ngosi izizi emere na Union of South Africa  na-eso ihe ngosi abụọ gara aga na Cape Colony na 1877 na 1892 .  Kọmitii Buy Empire nke Johannesburg tụlere echiche nke ihe ngosi ihe ngosi alaeze ukwu na South Africa na 1934. Na 9 Jenụwarị 1935, Grand Council of the Federation of British Industries wepụrụ mkpebi maka atụmatụ ime ihe ngosi Alaeze Ukwu na Johannesburg na 1936 na njikọ Golden Jubilee nke obodo ahụ. &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

Edebere saịtị nke acres 100 na Milner Park maka ihe ngosi ahụ. N'ebe a, e wuru ihe dị ka ụlọ 100 gụnyere ụlọ ezumike asatọ sitere na mba ọzọ na ụlọ ngosi ihe ngosi asatọ, nke kasị ukwuu bụ Ụlọ Nzukọ nke Ụlọ Ọrụ. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

A na-eme egwuregwu Schlesinger African Air Race na ihe ngosi ahụ, yana IW Schlesinger na-enye £ 10,000 na ego nrite. 

## Ndị sonyere
Ihe karịrị ndị ngosi 500 sitere na mba 18 gburugburu ụwa.

**Afrịka** : Basutoland, Bechuanaland, Kenya, Nigeria, Nyasaland, Rhodesia, South Africa, Seychelles, Swaziland, Tanganyika, Uganda, Zanzibar

**America** : Canada, Trinidad

**Asia** : Ceylon

**Europe** : Great Britain

**Oceania** : Australia, New Zealand

E nwere ihe ngosi ụlọ nsọ Palestine na-egosi ụdị nke Ụlọikwuu nke Moses, ụlọ nsọ Hadrian, Herọd, Justinian, Solomon na Zrubabel, ụlọ alakụba nke Omar na panorama nke Jerusalem. 

### Mpaghara
E gosipụtara ihe ngosi Western Province na Cape House, nke emere n'ụdị Cape Dutch . Ụlọ a ghọrọ ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọrụ na West Campus nke Mahadum Witwatersrand . 

### Ụlọ ọrụ
Ụlọ ọrụ Victoria Falls na Transvaal Power Company (nke bụ Eskom ugbu a) kwadoro ịrụ ụlọ elu art deco nke ejiri kọmpụta siri ike mee nke na-eleghara anya isi ihe ngosi ahụ. Nke a nọgidere na-eguzo mgbe ngosi na mgbe oge eji dị ka ugwu elu nke a cable ụgbọ ala usoro ghọrọ a tuck ụlọ ahịa na nche ụlọ ọrụ maka University nke Witwatersrand 's n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ campus.  Ụlọ nke Transvaal nke ogbunigwe nwere pavilion nwere dioramas, isi iyi, ogidi nke na-anọchi anya ihe ọla edo sitere na ogbunigwe Witwatersrand site na 1933 ruo 1935, na ụdị ọrụ m nwere nke ukwuu.  E nwere ụlọ nzukọ nke South Africa Industries,  South Africa Iron and Steel Industry pavilion,  and the British South Africa Company gosipụtara usoro ihe osise iji gosipụta akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Rhodesia ( Southern Rhodesia &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Nhazi ala na ntụrụndụ
Enwere rockeries nke Pieter Hugo Naudé mere,  ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ Afrikaner  na egwuregwu ice mbụ na South Africa. 

## Ntụaka
Emume ihe nkiri mba ụwa nke iri atọ na asaa

Ememme ihe nkiri International Durban nke iri atọ na asaa mere site na 16 ruo 26 June 2016. Ememme ahụ gụnyere ihe ngosi 150 nke ihe nkiri ihe nkiri, ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi na 15 dị iche iche ebe dị na Durban . Emeghere mmemme ahụ site na mmalite ụwa nke Ndị njem njem nke mere na Ụlọ egwuregwu . Akụkụ nke 37th DIFF bụ 11th Wavescape Film Festival, nke gosipụtara ihe nkiri 21 na-elekwasị anya na ihe omume n'èzí.

## Asọmpi
Ahọpụtara ihe nkiri ihe nkiri ndị a maka asọmpi a: 

Ahọpụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị a maka asọmpi ahụ: 

## Ihe nrite
Enyere ihe nrite ndị a: 

* Ihe nkiri kacha mma - Ihe ọkpụkpọ violin
* Ihe nkiri kacha mma South Africa - Tess
* Ntuziaka kacha mma - Ciro Guerra maka nnabata nke Agwọ
* Ihe nkiri Cinematography kacha mma - Chris Lotz maka Osimiri Na-adịghị agwụ agwụ
* Ihe nkiri kacha mma - Ciro Guerra na Thoedor Koch-Grunberg maka nnabata nke agwọ ahụ.
* Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma - Mohsen Namjoo maka arụmọrụ ya na Dream Dream
* Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma - Christia Visser maka ọrụ ya dị ka Tess
* Ndezi kacha mma - Linda Man maka Tess
* Obi ike nka - Neon Bull nke Gabriel Mascaro dere
* Akwụkwọ akụkọ kacha mma - Martha & Niki
* Akwụkwọ akụkọ South Africa kacha mma - Ndị njem
* Ihe nkiri dị mkpụmkpụ kacha mma - Ụbọchị nne nne (Dzie'n Babci) nke Milosz Sakowski dere
* Ihe nkiri mkpirisi nke Africa kacha mma - Anya ọhụrụ nke Hiwot Admasu
* Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi South Africa kacha mma - eKhaya (Ụlọ) nke Shubham Mehta
* Onyinye Nhọrọ ndị na-ege ntị - Nakom nke Kelly Daniela Norris na TW Pittman
* Amnesty International Durban ihe nrite ikike mmadụ - Noma nke Pablo Pinedo Boveda

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Durban International Film Festival saịtị (Bekee).
Emume ihe nkiri mba ụwa nke Durban

**Durban International Film Festival** (DIFF) bụ mmemme ihe nkiri kwa afọ na-eme na Durban, mpaghara KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa . Teddy Sarkin na Ros Sarkin tọrọ ntọala ya na 1979. Ngosipụta site na Center for Creative Arts na Mahadum Kwazulu-Natal, ọ bụ ememme ihe nkiri kacha ochie na nke kachasị ukwuu na Africa ma na-enye ihe ngosi 200 na-eme ememe kacha mma na South Africa, Africa na cinema mba ụwa. Ọtụtụ n'ime nyocha a bụ nke mbụ Africa ma ọ bụ South Africa. Ememme a na-enyekwa ogbako ndị na-eme fim, nzukọ ọmụmụ ụlọ ọrụ, nnọkọ mkparịta ụka, na mmemme mgbasa ozi nke gụnyere nyocha na mpaghara obodo ebe sinima adịghị, yana ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ, gụnyere Talent Campus Durban na Durban FilmMart ngalaba-mmepụta ahịa.

Kemgbe 2005, DIFF na-eje ozi dị ka mmalite South Africa maka mmemme ihe nkiri Wavescape Surf.

Talent Campus Durban, na nkwado nke Berlinale Talent Campus, bụ ihe ọhụrụ na 2008. wee gbaa mbipụta nke ise ya na 2012.

Durban FilmMart, ọgbakọ mmekọ ego, ewepụtara na 2010. A na-eme ya na mmekorita ya na Ụlọ Ọrụ Ihe nkiri Durban nke Obodo Durban .

## Ihe nrite
Ememme a na-enye ọtụtụ ngalaba asọmpi na ụfọdụ ihe nrite nwere ego etinyere. Kemgbe 2006, Amnesty International site na Durban Amnesty otu, akwadowokwa ihe nrite ego akpọrọ Amnesty International Durban Human Rights Award.

## Mbipụta mmemme

### 2023
Emere mbipụta nke 44 nke mmemme ahụ site na 20 ruo 30 Julaị 2023. Ọ gosipụtara ihe nkiri 90 sitere na mba 54 gburugburu ụwa.  *[[Sira (ihe nkiri)|Sira]]*, onye na-emepụta ihe n'etiti Burkina Faso, Senegal, France na Germany site na Apolline Traoré, meghere ememe na 20 July; ebe *Banel &amp;amp; Adama*, ihe nkiri ịhụnanya French-Malian-Senegal nke Ramata-Toulaye Sy, mechiri ememme ahụ na 30 July.  *Riceboy na-ehi ụra* ihe nkiri ihe nkiri Canada nke Anthony Shim nwetara ihe nrite ihe nkiri kacha mma ekwuputara na 29 Julaị. 

### 2022
The 43rd edition of the festival was held from 22 July to 1 August 2022. *1960*, a South African drama film by King Shaft and Michael Mutombo, opened the festival, whereas *You’re My Favourite Place* by Jahmil X.T. Qubeka closed the festival.

### 2024
The 45th edition of the festival was held from 18 July 2024 to 28 July 2024. The festival was organised under programmer Andrea Voges. 

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ememme Nkiri International Durban
* 2023 mbipụta na IMDb
Marion Osgood

*'Marion Gilman Osgood* (January 4, 1859 – 1948) [lower-alpha 1] bụ onye America violinist, onye na-ede egwú, na onye nduzi egwú.  O hiwere ụlọ ọrụ nke ya, Marion Osgood's Ladies Orchestra, nke bụ ìgwè egwu ụmụ nwanyị mbụ haziri maka ọrụ ọkachamara na United States.  Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị isi ndị na-eme violin na mba ahụ.

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Marion G. Osgood na Chelsea, Massachusetts.  E jikọtara nna ya dị ka onye nkuzi na Lowell Mason, na nne ya, Mary A. Osgood, bụ onye edemede na onye na-ede egwú.[1]  George L. Osgood, onye egwu Boston, bụ nwanne nna ya, ma nwanne ya nwoke bụ Prọfesọ Fletcher Osgood, ọkà okwu.  Ọ malitere ndụ egwu ya mgbe ọ bụ nwata, sitere na ezinụlọ egwu na ndị ọkà mmụta.[2]

Osgood rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi violin na Boston ma bụrụ otu n'ime ndị na-eme violin na US. O dere ma bipụta ọtụtụ olu na ngwá ọrụ, ọ bụ onye edemede ọkà mmụta gbasara nka, ma nwee ihe ịga nke ọma n'ógbè ahụ dị ka onye edemede nke akụkọ mkpirikpi na akụkọ ifo ịhụnanya. Osgood haziri ma duzie òtù ndị egwú ụmụ nwanyị nke bu aha ya. Ọ bụ ya guzobere ụlọ ọrụ a na 1884, ọ bụ ụmụ nwanyị na-ese ihe mejupụtara ya, ọnụ ọgụgụ ya bụ mpempe akwụkwọ 30, a hazikwara ya nke ọma na ikuku ọla na osisi, eriri, na tympana. Ụlọ ọrụ a bụ òtù ndị inyom mbụ na-akụ egwú maka ọrụ ọkachamara na US;  ọ dị ihe dị ka afọ iri. [2][3] N'etiti ọtụtụ ọrụ ya e bipụtara bụ "Fantaisie Caprice", abọm nke ihe ndị na-akọwa violin na piano, na abụ "Loving and Loved".[1]

## Ihe edeturu

## Edensibia

### Onye e nyere ya

* Ụlọ ọrụ mbipụta America. 
* 

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

*
Ogwe Mgbasa

Tọrọ ntọala na 1990, **Splashy Fen**  bụ mmemme egwu kacha ogologo na South Africa, nke Ista ọ bụla na-adọta ọtụtụ puku mmadụ n'ugbo dị nso na Underberg, KwaZulu-Natal maka ahụmịhe egwu dị n'èzí. Ndị nọkwa ya bụ ụlọ ọrụ nka na nka, ebe nri na ihe ọṅụṅụ, mmemme ntụrụndụ na ụmụaka, yana ebe obibi na ebe obibi dị iche iche. Ememme kachasị ọhụrụ mere site na Machị 28 ruo Eprel 1st 2024. 

Ndị na-ese ihe a ma ama bụ ndị rụrụ na Splashy Fen kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ gụnyere: Wheatus, Bowling for Soup, Kim Churchill, Syd Kitchen, Tony Cox, Steve Newman, Ladysmith Black Mambazo, Vusi Mahlasela, Koos Kombuis, Shawn Phillips, Hinds Brothers, Madala Kunene, Neill Solomon, Jimm Harisson Project, Ekpere Landscape, Tananas, Just Jinjer, Hothouse Flowers, Tree63, Dan Patlansky, Watershed, Springbok ịgba ọtọ Girls, The Parlotones, Prime Circle na Chris Chameleon .

Don Clarke, onye na-ezukọ nke Legends of the Fen show, na onye òtù ọlụlụ ya Dicky Roberts, na-achịkwa ma na-akwado ihe ngosi Legends na ememme kemgbe 2016.  Atụmatụ a wetara akara ngosi South Africa dịka Steve Fataar (14 Maachị 1943 - 31 Jenụwarị 2020) na mmemme ahụ. Na 2019, Don Clarke na PJ Powers kesara ogbo ahụ wee mee egwu egwu 1986, *Sanbonani.* 

## Ultimate Splashy Fen Song
Don Clarke dere egwu, "Hey-na Splashy" na 2008,  n'afọ o mere mpụta mbụ ya na ememme ahụ.

## Hụkwa

* Egwu South Africa
* Ịrụ Egwu
* N'ime Obodo
* Oppikoppi
* RAMFest

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Official website
Ememme Obi Obere

**Ememme Obere Obi**, bụ mmemme egwu ụbọchị atọ emere na Cape Town, South Africa, emere 5–7 Disemba 2008 na enyemaka nke ụmụaka atọ: Cotland's Baby Sanctuary, CHOC, na Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital . Ememme ahụ gosipụtara ihe ngosi nke ndị nka iri abụọ na anọ na V&A Waterfront Amphitheatre.

## Nchịkọta
Ememme Nta Obi, bụ mmemme egwu ụbọchị atọ emere na Cape Town, South Africa, emere n'etiti 5–7 Disemba 2008 maka enyemaka ụmụaka atọ: Cotland's Baby Sanctuary, CHOC, na Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital. Ememme ahụ gosipụtara ihe ngosi nke ndị nka iri abụọ na anọ na V&A Waterfront Amphitheatre. 

Nkà ihe ọmụma bụ isi nke ihe omume ahụ bụ na ndị nhazi na ndị na-ese ihe na-etinye ego niile ụgwọ ka ndị ọrụ ebere wee nweta uru zuru oke nke onyinye.

Ngụkọta ego niile enwetara site na mmemme ahụ, ọ bụghị naanị “ego”, ndị ọrụ ebere na-anakọta ozugbo, na mgbakwunye na ihe egwuregwu ụmụaka 3,000 anakọtara maka ụmụaka nọ n'okpuru nlekọta ọrụ ebere. E bugara ụmụaka ihe egwuregwu a n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2008 ka ihe onyinye ekeresimesi. 

## Ebe
Emere mmemme a na V&A Waterfront Amphitheatre, Cape Town, South Africa.
 

## Nhazi
Ememme ahụ bụ Mark Schellhas na Melissa Rhode haziri (site na ụlọ ọrụ Schellhas, I Love Music Entertainment). Ndị mmekọ na mgbasa ozi, ụgbọ njem na ile ọbịa nyere nkwado. Ndị na-ese ihe n'onwe ha kwadoro ihe ngosi ha. Ụgbọ njem lọjistik nke Michael Eastman nyere.

## Ndị nkwado
V & A Waterfront nyere ha Amphitheater Stage, ụda ụda na ndị ọrụ nchekwa na ememe ahụ. Waterfront Pick'n Pay wetara nri nri. Enyere akụrụngwa ụda site na Marshall Music, Cape Town. Avis wetara ụgbọ ala maka njem ndị nka na ihe egwuregwu ụmụaka. Ụgbọ elu 1 oge na-akwado ụgbọ elu niile yana ndị na-ese ihe bụ Village na Life na Protea Fire na Ice Hotels nabata. Obi FM, LMG gị, Overtone, V&amp;amp;A Waterfront bụ ndị mmekọ mgbasa ozi bụ isi.

## Ndị nka & nhazi oge

### Fraịde, Disemba 5, 2008

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Weebụsaịtị Little Hearts Festival Official
* Enwere m mmasị na weebụsaịtị Ndị Nhazi Ihe Ntụrụndụ Egwu
* Cotland
Pate acha

Pate acha nke a na-akpọkwa pete acha, tere, gote ma ọ bụ gwete bụ Nri ike sitere n'ụdị ugwu nke Naijiria.  A na-eji ọka, osikapa ma ọ bụ acha eme ya.

## Hụkwa

* Nri Naijiria

## Ihe odide
Ememe Umatu

Ememe Umatu bụ otu n'ime ego isii a na-eme na Onitsha Ado N'Idu kwa afọ.  Ndị ọzọ bụ Ajachi, Owuwaji, Ofala, Osisi- It na Ife-Jioku.  A na-eme emume Umatu mgbe egwu ọka mbụ.[1]  Ndị mmadụ na-ezute Eze (Obi) na ndị isi okpu uhie ya (Ndiche) iji mee emume maka njirimara nke ihe mmetụta.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Ememme Umatu sitere n'ike nso nke Ọpụpụ 23:16: "Meme ego owuwe ihe ubi mgbe ị na-abụ owuwe ihe omume gị. Me emume nke ebe obibi n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ, mgbe ị na-achịkọta osisi n'ubi akwụkwọ  na ubi mmetụta osisi gị. " Site na ntụgharị ya na Bible, Eze na ndị isi nke Red Cap ya ga-agba egwu ota iji mee emume gbara Ime-Obi (Obí Eze) gburugburu.  Egwú a na- nke dị elu, site na ala ruo n'elu.  Onowu Iyasele (Prime Minista ọdịnala) bụ onye isi okwu elu nke na-agba ụda n'ihu Obi nke Onitsha.. 

## Ememe
isi bụ isi nke Umatu bụ nni oka (nri ọka), nke a na-enye na ofe onino (mmanya na-ese ihe) na kọbọd ya na-esote Iba.  A na-ihe nni oka eme ihe n'ime efere a na-akpọ ugbugba .  [1] Ihe oriri ọzọ a na-enye na Ime Obi n'oge Umatu bụ ukwa, okpodudu, na aku.

Mgbe Obi natara oka nni, ọ na-ebibi ma na-ekerịta onye ọ bụla nọ ebe ahụ, malite na ndị isi Red Cap ya. A na-egbukwa ewu na nnụnụ iji mee dee onino ma ọ bụ okwulu soup (draw soup). Ndị mmadụ na obodo niile nọ n'ógbè ahụ na-ekpe ekpere maka ezi ahụike na ọganihu.

Umatu nwere nnukwu ihe dị mkpa nye ndị ọrụ ugbo nke Onicha n'oge ahụ, dịka egosiri n'okwu ochie, ugbo eketalu okwulu olilijie elugonso, nke pụtara ala ugbo nke ị nwere ike ịpị okro, na-egosi na owuwe ihe ubi yam na-eru nso (ememme yam ọhụrụ). 

Ememme Umatu na-ewe ụbọchị iri na isii, na-amalite site na ego nke Onitsha.  Mgbe ahụ, maka ụbọchị anọ Eze-Idi, Ikpala Isi, Umueze Chima na Ikpoko Akwukwo Ogili sonyeere ahụ n'usoro na-esonụ;  ụbọchị ikpeazụ a na-eji ihe nkwakọba akwụkwọ nri na akwụkwọ.

A haziri emume Umatu na Onitsha na 2020 dịka iwu na usoro nchekwa COVID-19 si dị.

## Ntuaka
Ogwu Ekpeye

Ogwu Ekpeye bụ emume omenala nke Ekpeye na Rivers State na-eme.[1]  A na-eme ya kwa afọ [1] na eje nke ụmụ ajụ mbụ. 

Tupu mbụ nke emume a, eze, nke a na-akpọ Eze Igbu Ubie nke malitere Ubie na Ahoada West Local Government Area, Eze Maxwell A. Okpokiri, 5 na ọ meghere, mgbe nke ahụ ihe omume ihe omume dị ka ike, omenala.  , emee, na ndị ọzọ. 

## Ihe odide
Ememme Ijakadi

Ijakadi bụ emume na-eme kwa afọ na Offa, Kwara steeti.  edit ya bụ mmeadị njikere bara mmetụta na map njem ụwa mba ụwa.

Okwu Ijakadirịta n'ụzọ ịgba mgba nke nwere ọrụ dị mkpa na ihe mere eme nke Offa.emume a bu n'uche ime ka ndụ dị n'etiti ngwa ngwa nke edo na nsogbu mmadụ na ndị ọzọ iji kwalite ya.  nke jere ozi dị ka ike nke obodo Offa.

Iyi ya bụ iche ikpe ziri ezi, ikpe ziri ezi na ikpe ezi n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ niile nke obodo oge ochie ahụ. 

Dị ka isi iyi si kwuo, ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ obodo ahụ ndị na-adịghị na diaspora, ekiri siri ike ha emume Ijakadi nke obodo ochie ahụ kwa awụ, ma n'ime ma n'ahụ mba ahụ, iji na-egosi onye,  na akụ na aka nke Offa na ndị ya.

obodo ahụ nna na emume ahụ ga- mgbaàmà na obodo nke nwewe ike ikpughe emume ahụ ka ọ bụrụ ihe omume zuru ụwa ọnụ ma kwalite egosi.. 

## Ndị ama ama gara ememme ahụ gụnyere

* AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq bụ gọvanọ nke kwara steeti ma tinye ya na aree Soludero nke Offa n'oge mbipụta nke asatọ nke Ijakadi Festival na 2023. 
* Lai Mohammed Onye bụbu Minista nke ọdịbendị na njem nleta ọ gara mbipụta 2017 ma kwuo na a ga-etinye Ijakadi Festival na kalenda mmemme mba   o kwukwara na "Gọọmentị etiti na-arụkọ ọrụ na ngalaba onwe onye iji mee ka nnukwu ememme na mba ahụ na-adọrọ mmasị ndị njem nleta n'ime obodo na mba ọzọ ma mee ka ihe omume ahụ banye n'elu mmemme ụwa. 

## Ibe foto

Olofa_declared_winner_at_the_Ijakadi_Festival.jpg|The image of Olofa of Offa during the Ijakadi Festival
Ijakadi_with_Olofa_and_Essa.jpg|The image of Olofa of Offa during the Ijakadi Festival
Arrival_of_Olofa_at_Ijakadi_festival_2023.jpg|The image of Olofa of Offa during the Ijakadi Festival


## Ntuaka
Ebe Egwuregwu Akwụkwọ nke Cape Town

The South African Book Fair (nke a maara dị ka Cape Town Book Fair) bụ ihe ngosi akwụkwọ mba ụwa na Johannesburg, South Africa.   Ọ bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ ihe omume yiri nke ahụ gburugburu mba ahụ.   Ihe ngosi ahụ na njikọ njikọ aka n'etiti Publishers Association of South Africa (PASA) na Frankfurt Book Fair.[1]   E akara ya na 2006 n'ụzọ ụfọdụ iji meghachi omume omume na nke ihe omume akwụkwọ ndị gara aga, dị ka Harare Book Fair na Zimbabwe International Book Fair.[2][3]   The South African Book Fair na-egosi ihe omume ndị "ndị a edemede", akwụkwọta akwụkwọ, iwere panel na-akpa ihe. 

Ihe 2009 nwere ihe ngosi nke ndị ọbịa 43,000.   [1] Ihe ngosi nke afọ 2010 nwere ihe nke ndị ọbịa 33,000 ma le anya anya na ihe omume ndị na-azụ akwụkwọ.

E mere ihe ngosi nke afọ 2012 na 29th International Publishers Association Congress.  Ihe omume ahụ ruo na 15 June 17 June 2012 na Cape Town International Convention Center.  Ihe ngosi ahụ akwụkwọ akụkọ, iwe ihe, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị edemede na ihe omume ndị ọzọ 

A ngosi aha ngosi ahụ na 2015 mgbe ọ hụrụ ebe mbụ ya na Cape Town.

Ihe omume ahụ enwetawo nkatọ maka ile anya anya n'ahịa ahịa South Africa dịka usoro Pan-African sara mbara.

## Ndị a ma ama bịara
Ndị gara aga na Cape Town Book Fair gụnyere:

* 2006 - Tokunboh Adeyemo malitere ọrụ Africa Bible Commentary n'ihu ọha 
* 2007 - Penguin South Africa bịanyere aka na Sara Lotz.
* 2007 - George Bizos
* 2009 - Siphiwo Mahala
* 2010 - Desmond Tutu na Wole Soyinka 
* Raufu Mustapha na Adekeye Adebajo 

Ndị na-ebipụta akwụkwọ nleta gụnyere:

* Ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi HSRC 
* Jacana
* Ndị na-ebipụta akwụkwọ Jonathan Ball 
* NB Ndị na-ebipụta akwụkwọ 
* Pan Macmillan
* Akwụkwọ Penguin 
* Ụlọ Na-enweghị Isi 
* UKZN Press  

Ndị nleta ndị ọzọ gụnyere Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ọdịbendị na Egwuregwu nke Cape Town na 2012.

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị
* Peeji Twitter nke gọọmentị