Marthe Vogt

**Marthe Louise Vogt** (September 8, 1903 - September 9, 2003)  bụ onye ọkà mmụta sayensị German a ma ama dị ka otu n'ime ndị ọkà mmụta sayenụ na ụbụrụ nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ. A na-echeta ya karịsịa maka onyinye dị mkpa o nyere na nghọta nke ọrụ nke neurotransmitters na ụbụrụ,  karịsịa epinephrine.

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Vogt na Berlin, ada nke abụọ n'ime ndị isi anatomists Germany, Cécile na Oskar Vogt (French na Danish-German n'otu n'otu).  Ọ bụ nwanne nwanyị nke okenye Marguerite Vogt.

Marthe gụrụ ọgwụ na kemịkalụ na Mahadum Berlin (1922-1927), nweta akara ugo mmụta ya dị ka Doctor of Medicine na nyocha na microscopal anatomy nke ụbụrụ mmadụ. O nwetakwara D.Phil na chemistry maka nyocha na biochemistry na carbohydrate metabolism na Kaiser Wilhelm Institut für Biochemie n'okpuru C. Neuberg (1927-1929). 

## Ọrụ
N'afọ 1929, ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na pharmacology na endocrinology na Institute of Pharmacology na Berlin n'okpuru Paul Trendelenburg, ebe ọ zutere Edith Bülbring na Wilhelm Feldberg na ebe nwa Paul Trendelenbourg Ullrich ghọrọ enyi ya ruo ndụ.Ebe Vogt mụtara banyere endocrinology ma jiri usoro nnwale na nyocha ọgwụ.[1]  Ka ọ na-erule mmalite 1930s, ọ guzobela aha dị ka otu n'ime ndị ọkachamara na-ahụ maka ọgwụ na Germany, na 1931, ọ dị naanị afọ 28, a họpụtara ya onye isi nke ngalaba kemịkalụ na Kaiser Wilhelm Institut für Hirnforschung ("Brain Science").  Ọrụ ya lekwasịrị anya na sistemụ ụjọ nke etiti yana mmetụta ọgwụ dị iche iche na-emetụta ụbụrụ. 

Site na mmụba nke Nazism na Germany dum, Vogt na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị Germany ndị ọzọ (gụnyere Edith Bulbring), kpebiri na ịkwaga Britain ga-aba uru nke ukwuu, na 1935 ọ bịarutere na Rockefeller Traveling Fellowship na England. Vogt sonyeere British Pharmacological Society wee malite ịrụ ọrụ na Sir Henry Dale na National Institute for Medical Research, London. Vogt so Dale na Wilhelm Feldberg dee akwụkwọ: 'Release of Acetylcholine at Voluntary Motor Nerve Endings' na 1936.  E nyere Sir Henry Dale Ihe nrite Nobel maka Physiology ma ọ bụ Medicine na 1936 dabere na ọrụ akọwapụtara na akwụkwọ a, ọ kwadoro Feldberg na Vogt na nkuzi ya.

N'ọgwụgwụ 1935, maka ọkara nke abụọ nke Njikọ njem Rockefeller ya, Marthe Vogt malitere ọrụ na Cambridge na mmekọrịta nke ọbara mgbali na ihe ndị sitere na akụrụ ischemic na Prọfesọ EB.  Varney, nwere onyinye ego ndị ọzọ sitere na Royal Society.  Enyekwara ya Alfred Yarrow Research Fellowship nke Girton College n'afọ na-abịa.  N'afọ 1938, e nyere ya nzere doctorate site na Cambridge, ebe ọ bụ onye ngosi na nkà mmụta ọgwụ na physiology.

N'ụzọ dị mwute, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ yiri ọrụ ya egwu. Mba Germany ya dugara na nyocha nke ndị ọrụ nzuzo nke Britain na 1940, bụ ndị kewara ya dị ka onye iro A n'ihi na ndị ọrụ Nazi agaghị anabata arụkwaghịm ya site na nhọpụta na-adịgide adịgide mgbe ọ hapụrụ Germany. A kpọgara ya n'ihu ụlọ ikpe nke kpebiri maka itinye ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ozugbo. Otú ọ dị, ndị ọrụ ibe Vogt na ndị enyi gbakọtara iji nyere ya aka ma nye ya arịrịọ, na-atọhapụ ya ka ọ gaa n'ihu n'ọrụ ya na Cambridge.

Vogt nọgidere na Cambridge ruo afọ ise, na-arụ ọrụ na isiokwu gbasara ọbara mgbali elu na ọrụ adrenal gland. N'afọ 1947,Vogt ghọrọ onye nkuzi na onye na-agụ akwụkwọ na nkà mmụta ọgwụ na Mahadum Edinburgh, ebe ọ gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na ihe ndị na-ebugharị, na-ebipụta nyocha na serotonin na reserpine.  Na 1948, Vogt bipụtara a seminal ọrụ na William Feldberg: "Acetylcholine njikọ dị iche iche na mpaghara nke Central ụjọ usoro".  Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na-enye ihe akaebe mbụ maka ọrụ acetylcholine dị ka neurotransmitter ma gosipụta nkesa mpaghara nke usoro cholinergic na ụbụrụ. 

Ọ bụ prọfesọ nleta na Mahadum Columbia, New York na 1949. N'ime afọ iri atọ sochirinụ, Vogt ga-ekewa oge ya n'etiti Cambridge, London na Edinburgh, na 1960 ọ laghachiri Cambridge ọzọ iji duzie Ngalaba Ọgwụ na Babraham Institute, ọ lara ezumike nká na 1968. Ọ gara n'ihu na nyocha n'ebe ahụ ruo n'afọ 1990.

## Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara

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## Ihe nrite
N'ime ndụ ya niile, Marthe Vogt nwetara ọtụtụ nkwanye ugwu site n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ sayensị.  N'afọ 1952, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye otu Royal Society na na 1981, e nyere ya nrite Royal Medal nke Society.  O nwetakwara nzere doctorate na Edinburgh na Cambridge.  A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye na-asọpụrụ mba ofesi nke American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

## Ndụ e mesịrị
Marthe Vogt mechara kwaga La Jolla, California na 1988 ka ya na nwanne ya nwanyị, onye a ma ama na-ahụ maka ọrịa kansa Marguerite Vogt (1913-2007) biri. Marthe Vogt nwụrụ n'ụbọchị ọ gbara otu narị afọ n'afọ 2003.

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Akwụkwọ nke Marthe Vogt na ezinụlọ Vogt, 1895-1988, nke e debere na Ọbá Akwụkwọ Wellcome, London