Mary Read

**Mary Read** (nwụrụ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 1721), bụ onye ohi ụgbọ mmiri nke England. Ya na Anne Bonny so n'ime ụmụ nwanyị ole na ole na-apụnara mmadụ ihe n'oge "Golden Age of Piracy".

O yikarịrị ka a mụrụ Read n'England. General History na-ekwu na ọ malitere iyi uwe dị ka nwata nwoke, na mbụ na arịrịọ nne ya iji nweta ego nketa ma mesịa dị ka onye nọ n'afọ iri na ụma iji sonye na ndị agha Britain. Ọ lụrụ di ma mgbe di ya nwụrụ ọ kwagara West Indies n'ihe dị ka afọ 1715.

N'ihe dị ka n'August 1720, ọ sonyeere ndị ọrụ Jack Rackham, na-eji ejiji dị ka nwoke n'akụkụ Anne Bonny.  Oge ya dị ka onye pirate adịteghị aka, ebe e jidere ya, Bonny, na Rackham n'October 1720. E gburu Rackham na Nọvemba, ma Read na Bonny abụọ kwuru na ha dị ime n'oge ule ha ma nata ikpe oge.  Read nwụrụ mgbe a tụrụ ya mkpọrọ na Eprel 1721.

## Ndụ mbido
Nne Mary lụrụ onye ọkwọ ụgbọ mmiri, ya na ya nwere nwa nwoke. Di ya wee pụọ n'oké osimiri. Nne ya wee malite iziga ya nkwado ego maka nwata nwoke ahụ.

N'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ tụụrụ ime ọzọ site n'aka nwoke ọzọ, ma zoo afọ ime nke abụọ.  Nwa ya nwoke nwụrụ, wee mụọ nwa agbọghọ aha ya bụ Meri.  Iji zoo ihere ahụ, nne ya hapụrụ Mary dị ka nwa mbụ ya, bụ́ nwa nwoke, ka ọ nọgide na-enweta nkwado site n'aka nne nne ya.  A ghọgburu nne nne ahụ, ha na-ebikwa na ego ya ogologo oge o kwere  mee.

Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na atọ, Read chọtara ọrụ dị ka nwa okorobịa, mgbe ahụ, ọrụ n'ụgbọ mmiri. O mechara sonye na Ndị agha Britain, na ndị ọrụ nke onye agha Britain. O mechara hapụ nke a wee kwaga Flanders ebe ọ na-ebu ngwá agha n'ime ndị agha ụkwụ dị ka cadet ma jiri obi ike rụọ ọrụ mana enweghị ike ịnata ọrụ n'ihi na nkwalite n'oge ahụ bụ site na ịzụta. Mary gara n'ihu na ndị agha ịnyịnya  nke ya na ndị agha Dutch jikọrọ aka megide ndị France (nke a nwere ike ịbụ n'oge Agha Afọ itoolu ma ọ bụ n'oge agha nke Spanish Succession). Read, n'ime ejiji nwoke, gosipụtara onwe ya site n'agha, mana ọ hụrụ onye agha Flemish n'anya. Mgbe ha lụrụ, o jiri ọrụ agha ha na onyinye sitere n'aka ụmụnne na-agba mbọ nweta ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ a na-akpọ "De Тро Трофи hoejzers" ("The Three Horseshoes") na nso Breda Castle na Netherlands.

Mgbe di ya nwụrụ, Gụọ maliteghachi uwe nwoke na ọrụ agha na Netherlands.  N'ịbụ nke udo, ọ dịghị ohere maka ọganihu, n'ihi ya, ọ kwụsịrị ma banye n'ụgbọ mmiri na-aga West Indies.[1]  Ụgbọ mmiri ahụ ọ banyere bụ ụgbọ mmiri ndị pirate ji banye.  N'ịbụ onye yigharịrị dị ka nwoke Britain nyeere ya aka, ka ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri Britain kpọbatara  ya.

## Ịghọ onye ohi ụgbọ mmiri
thumb|Ihe osise nke Mary Read
thumb|Ihe osise nke oge a nke Anne Bonney
Ndị ohi ụgbọ mmiri weghaara ụgbọ mmiri Read, ndị ọ ji obi ya sonye. Ọ nabatara Mgbaghara Eze n'ihe dị ka 1718-1719, wee were ọrụ na onye na-azụ ahịa, mana ọ sonyeere ndị ọrụ ahụ na nnupụisi. N'afọ 1720 ọ sonyeere onye ohi ụgbọ mmiri John "Calico Jack" Rackham na onye ibe ya, Anne Bonny, bụ ndị kwenyere na ọ bụ nwoke. N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 1720,mmadụ atọ ahụ zuru sloop ngwa ọgụ aha ya bụ William[1] n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị na Nassau.Ndị ọkà mmụta ejighị n'aka ka ndị inyom na-apụnara mmadụ ihe dị ka Read na Bonny si zobe mmekọahụ ha na gburugburu ebe ụmụ nwoke na-achị.[4]  Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta echewo echiche na iyi uwe ndị inyom na-apụnara mmadụ ihe pụrụ ịbụwo ụzọ e si ezochi onye ha bụ ma ọ bụ nanị dị ka uwe bara uru nke mere ka ebe ọrụ ha nọ n'ụgbọ mmiri sikwuo ike n'etiti ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri ndị ọzọ. 

Mgbe Bonny gwara Read na ọ bụ nwanyị n'ihi na ọ masịrị ya, Read kpughere na ya onwe ya bụkwa nwanyị. Iji belata ekworo nke onye ọ hụrụ n'anya, Rackham, onye na-enyo enyo na ha abụọ nwere mmekọrịta ịhụnanya, Bonny gwara ya na Read bụ nwanyị. Nkọwa banyere mmekọrịta dị n'etiti Bonny na Read dugara na ihe oyiyi na-egosi ha abụọ na-alụ ọgụ ọnụ.

Otu onye ndị ohi ụgbọ mmiri ahụ metụtara, Dorothy Thomas, hapụrụ nkọwa nke Read na Bonny: Ha "na-eyi jaket ụmụ nwoke, na ogologo traụza, na akwa aka e kere n'isi ha: na ... onye ọ bụla n'ime ha nwere mma na égbè n'aka ha ma ha bụrụ ndị ikom ahụ ọnụ ma ṅụọ iyi igbu ya [Dorothy Thomas]. Thomas dekwara na ọ maara na ha bụ ụmụ nwanyị, "site n'obosara ha".

## Mkpọrọ na ịtụ mkpọrọ
N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1720,  onye bụbu onye na-azụ ahịa Captain Jonathan Barnet kpọọrọ ndị ọrụ Rackham na mberede, mgbe ha na ndị ọrụ ọzọ nke ndị England na-eme oriri rum na Negril Point n'ụsọ oké osimiri ọdịda anyanwụ nke Colony of Jamaica.  A na-ekwu na, mgbe volley ọkụ kwụsịrị ụgbọ mmiri pirate, ndị ọrụ Rackham na "ndị ọbịa" ha gbagara n'ebe ahụ, na-ahapụ naanị ụmụ nwanyị abụọ ahụ na otu ndị ọzọ ka ha na-alụ ọgụ na Barnet's boarding party[1] (ọ nwekwara ike ịbụ na Rackham na ndị ọrụ ya na-aṅụbiga mmanya ókè ịlụ ọgụ).  Ihe odide ikpe gọọmentị na-ekwu na enweghị nchekwa ọ bụla etinyere na egbe swivel a na-agba tupu Barnet agbapụ na nzaghachi.  Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ndekọ ahụ na-ekwu na Rackham na ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri ya nyefere, na-arịọ  "otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ".

E jidere Rackham na ndị ọrụ ya ma kpụpụ ha n'ụlọ ikpe n'ihe bụzi Spanish Town, Jamaica, ebe a mara ha ikpe ịkwụgbu ha maka omume ndị ohi ụgbọ mmiri, dị ka Read na Bonny. Otú ọ dị, ụmụ nwanyị ahụ kwuru na ha abụọ "na-eme ngwa ngwa na nwa" (nke a maara dị ka "ịkpọku afọ"), ma nata oge igbu ọchụ.

Read nwụrụ mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ n'April 1721. E liri ya n'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Eprel n'ihe ndekọ nke ụlọ ụka St. Catherine na Jamaica. Enweghị ihe ndekọ banyere olili nwa ya, na-atụ aro na ọ nwere ike ịnwụ mgbe ọ dị ime, ma ọ bụ ma eleghị anya ọ dịtụbeghị ime.

## N'omenala a ma ama
thumb|Mary Read, The Duel, site na Pirates of the Spanish Main series (N19) maka Allen & Ginter Cigarettes MET DP835033

* Ụdị akụkọ ifo nke Mary Read pụtara na Egwuregwu vidio 2013 *Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag* ma Olivia Morgan na-ekwupụta ya. Ọ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ James Kidd, nwa amuma nke Captain William Kidd, ọ bụkwa onye otu Assassin Order.
* Ihe nkiri TV nke 2006 True Caribbean Pirates gosipụtara Mary Read nke Kimberly Adair gosipụtara.
* Ihe nkiri ndị Ịtali nke 1961 Le avventure di Mary Read kọrọ akụkọ Mary Read, nke Lisa Gastoni gosipụtara.
* A na-egosikwa Mary Read na ihe nkiri ihe nkiri Detective Conan *Jolly Roger na Deep Azure* tinyere Anne Bonny.
* Mary Read bụ onye nwere ike igwu egwu na Fate / Grand Order dị ka onye na-agba ịnyịnya na onye na-arụ ọrụ na Anne Bonny; ọ bụ Ayako Kawasumi (Bonny) na Ai Nonaka (Gụọ) na-ekwupụta ha.
* Read (Cara Roberts) na-ewebata onwe ya na Anne Bonny n'okpuru aha Mark Read na ihe omume ikpeazụ nke Black Sails. 
* A na-egosi Mary Read na abụ "The Ballad of Mary Read and Anne Bonny" nke Baja Brigade.
* A na-egosipụta Mary Read n'abụ "Under the Flag of Mary Read" nke otu egwu Italian Secret Sphere.
* Mary Read na Anne Bonny gosipụtara na akwụkwọ akụkọ The Unbinding of Mary Reade nke Miriam McNamara dere.
* Mary Read pụtara na Anne Bonny dị ka onye isi na usoro akwụkwọ nke Well-Behaved Women.
* Read pụtara na Bonny na Rackham na podcast nke Audible Hell Cats, nke Carina Rodney. 
* Mary Read na Anne Bonny pụtara na egwu "5 Guns West" nke Adam na Ants, na abọm nke atọ ha *Prince Charming* (nke e wepụtara na Nọvemba 1981) 
* Mary Read pụtara dị ka onye ibe na egwuregwu vidio Time Princess .    &#x5B;*nbsp;sourcenbsp;needed*&#x5D;
* Mary Read bụ otu n'ime ndị isi na akwụkwọ akụkọ ifo nke 2022 *Bonny & Read* nke Julie Walker.
* Rachel House gosipụtara Read na oge nke abụọ nke Our Flag Means Death.
* Mary Read bụ onye isi nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ifo nke 2024 Saltblood nke Francesca de Tores.
* Mary Read pụtara na manga 2020 The War of Greedy Witches .

## Ihe a kpụrụ akpụ
Na 2020, ekpughere ihe oyiyi Bonny na Read na Execution Dock na Wapping, London.  Emebere ya na mbụ ka edobe ihe oyiyi ndị a na Burgh Island dị na ndịda Devon, [1] mana ewepụrụ atụmatụ ndị a mgbe mkpesa nke ịpụ n'anya mara mma, na n'ihi na Bonny na Gụọ enweghị njikọ na agwaetiti ahụ.[2]  Lewes FC mechara nabata ihe oyiyi ndị ahụ.

## Hụkwa

* Ụmụ nwanyị na-apụnara mmadụ ihe
* John Bear

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Mgbasa ozi metụtaraMary Readna Wikimedia Commons
* Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme nke Ndị Pyrate
* Mary Read isiokwu na HD.tv
* Nlaghachi na Pirate Island, Simon, Ed, JSTOR Daily, August 4, 2021 na ọtụtụ amaokwu