Eduard Meine van Zinderen-Bakker

**Eduard Meine van Zinderen Bakker** (n'ụbọchị ịrị na ise n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 1907 na Opsterland, Friesland - ụbọchị ịrị na itọọlu n'ọnwa Maachị n'afọ 2002 na  Somerset West) bụ onye Dutch a mụrụ na South African palynologist onye nyere aka dị ukwuu na ngalaba nke ihe ọkụkụ, palynology na palaeo-ecology nke Afrịka.

Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na PhD na nkà mmụta ihe ọkụkụ na Mahadum Amsterdam, ọ kụziri ihe gbasara bayoloji na Apeldoorn. N'afọ 1947, ọ kwagara South Africa ya na nwunye ya na ụmụ ya nwoke abụọ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nnọchi anya nsọpụrụ nke Netherlands ruo afọ ịrị abụọ, ọfịs nke ọ natara Order of Oranje-Nassau.

A họpụtara ya na mbụ dịka onye nkuzi n'ihe gbasara osisi na Mahadum nke Orange Free State n'afọ 1947, ọ nọrọ ruo afọ 1972 wee kwụsị dịka Prọfesọ nke Ngalaba ahụ. Mahadum ahụ guzobere Institute of Environmental Sciences ma mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká họpụtara ya dị ka onye nduzi, ọkwá o nwere ruo n'afọ 1976, na-arụ ọrụ na ndị ọrụ sayensị obodo na ndị mba ọzọ. Site n'afọ 1977 ruo n'afọ 1988 ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nyocha na Institute ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká mgbe ọ dị afọ ịrị asatọ. N'oge ya na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, o guzobere akwụkwọ akụkọ "Palaeoecology of Africa" nke ya na Johanna Alida Coetzee na ndị editọ ndị ọzọ dezigharịrị ruo ihe dị ka afọ ịrị abụọ.

Ojiji nke pollen fossil (palynology) iji mee ka stratigraphy nke Quaternary deposits, bụ otu n'ime isi mmasị ya. O webatara ọzụzụ nke palynology na South Africa na edemede 1951 na *"South African Archaeological Bulletin"*. O kwusiri ike na mgbanwe okpomọkụ zuru ụwa ọnụ bụ isi ihe kpatara mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi dị ukwuu, nakwa na ọmụmụ nke pollen fossil ga-emepụta ọtụtụ ozi gbasara palaeoenvironments. N'ihe banyere nke a, ya na J. Desmond Clark rụrụ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ebe dị n'ebe ndịda na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Afrịka, na-agbasawanye nyocha ya iji tinye ọzara Sahara na Namib na agwaetiti ndị dị na Antarctic nke Prince Edward na Marion. N'afọ 1965, o mere ndokwa njem nyocha mbụ gaa n'àgwàetiti ndị a nke otu ndị ọkachamara 35 nke mba ụwa na-amụ palynology, glacial geology, volcanology, limnology, mineral cycling na bio-energetics. E bipụtara nsonaazụ ya na akwụkwọ edemede nke afọ 1971.

Ọ nwụrụ na Somerset West n'afọ 2002 mgbe ọ nwesịrị ọrịa strok.

## Ihe ndị ọ rụzuru na ihe nrite
Prọfesọ van Zinderen Bakker jere ozi dịka Onyeisi nke International Group of Specialists in the Antarctic (SCAR), nakwa Onyeisi nke South African Society for Quaternary Research (SASQUA). Ọ bụ onye otu Royal Society of South Africa, onye otu nsọpụrụ nke INQUA (International Union for Quaternary Research), South African Association of Botanists, na Deutsche Quartärvereinigung. O nwetara ihe nrite DSc. site na Mahadum nke Orange Free State, ihe nrite ọlaedo maka Nnyocha Antarctic South Africa na maka Botany, ihe nrite Senior Captain Scott maka Biology, ihe nrite Havenga maka Biology (1986) site na Suid-Afrikaanse Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns, Onyeisi nke South Africa Archaeological Society n'etiti n'afọ 1977 na afọ 1979.

## Akwụkwọ ndị ọ dere

* *"Mkpụrụ ntụ ọka na spores nke South Africa"* - Eduard Meine van Zinderen Bakker (1953) 
* *"Palaeoecology nke Africa & nke agwaetiti ndị gbara ya gburugburu & Antarctica"* - Eduard Meine van Zinderen Bakker (Balkema, 1964) 
* *"Marion na Prince Edward Islands; akụkọ banyere South African Biological & Geological Expedition/1965-1966"* - Eduard Meine van Zinderen Bakker, J. M. Winterbottom, R. Allen Dyer
* *"Mmetụta nke vanadium na gburugburu ebe obibi Canada"* - Eduard Meine van Zinderen Bakker (1980) 
* *"Nnyocha banyere ọdịdị na physiology nke Physalospora cydoniae Arnaud"* - (1934) 
* *"De West-Nederlandsche veenplassen; een geologische, historische en biologische landschapsbeschrijving van het water- en moerasland"* - Eduard Meine van Zinderen Bakker (1947) 
* "Nnyocha gburugburu ebe obibi na oké ọhịa ndị dị n'ugwu nke Eastern Orange Free State: South Africa" - Eduard Meine van Zinderen Bakker (1971) 
* "Ncheta nke njem ndị dị ndụ n'Africa na South Polar Islands" - Eduard Meine van Zinderen Bakker (1993) 
* "Nkọwa na quarternary []  - Eduard Meine van Zinderen Bakker (1969) 

## Edemsibịa