Loïs Mailou Jones

**Lois Mailou Jones** (1905–1998)  bụ onye omenkà na onye nkuzi . Enwere ike ịchọta ọrụ ya na nchịkọta nke Smithsonian American Art Museum, Ụlọ ihe nkiri Metropolitan nke Art, National Museum of Women in Arts, Brooklyn Museum, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Muscarelle Museum of Art, na The Phillips. Nchịkọta . Ọ na-ejikọkarị ya na Harlem Renaissance .

## Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Jones na Boston, Massachusetts,   nye Thomas Vreeland Jones na Carolyn Adams. Nna ya bụ onye nlekọta ụlọ nke mechara bụrụ onye ọka iwu mgbe ọ ghọchara onye America-America mbụ nwetara akara ugo mmụta iwu na Suffolk Law School.  Nne ya rụrụ ọrụ dị ka cosmetologist.  Ndị nne na nna Jones gbara ya ume ka ọ na-ese na iji agba mmiri na-ese ihe n'oge ọ bụ nwata. Ndị mụrụ ya zụtara ụlọ na Martha's Vineyard, ebe Jones zutere ndị na-emetụta ndụ ya na nkà ya, dị ka onye na-ese ihe Meta Warrick Fuller, onye na-ede egwú Harry T. Burleigh, na onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ Dorothy West . 

Site na 1919 ruo 1923, Jones gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị nke Arts Practical na Boston. N'ime afọ ndị a, ọ nwetara klaasị abalị site na Boston Museum of Fine Arts site na agụmakwụkwọ kwa afọ. N'ịgbakwụnye, ya na Grace Ripley mụtara ime uwe. O mere ngosi ihe ngosi solo nke mbụ ya mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asaa n'ogige Vine nke Martha.  Jones malitere ịnwale mmetụta nkpuchi Africa n'oge ya na Ripley Studio. Site na nyocha ya nke masks Africa, Jones mepụtara ụdị ejiji maka Denishawn .  : 178 

Site na 1923 ruo 1927, Jones gara ụlọ akwụkwọ nke Museum of Fine Arts na Boston  iji mụọ imewe, ebe ọ meriri Susan Minot Lane Scholarship in Design kwa afọ. Ọ gara ọmụmụ ihe abalị na Boston Normal Art School ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ ruo ogo ya. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na School of the Museum of Fine Arts, ọ natara akara ugo mmụta ya na imewe site na Design Art School nke Boston na 1928. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na FA Foster Company na Boston na Schumacher Company na New York City. N'oge okpomọkụ nke 1928, ọ gara Mahadum Howard, ebe o kpebiri ilekwasị anya na eserese kama imewe. 

Jones gara n'ihu na-amụ ihe n'oge ndụ ya niile. N'afọ 1934, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na masks omenala dị iche iche na Mahadum Columbia . Na 1945, ọ nwetara BA na nkuzi nka na Mahadum Howard, gụsịrị akwụkwọ magna cum laude. 

## Ọrụ na ndụ
Ọrụ Jones malitere na 1930 ma ọ nọgidere na-emepụta ọrụ nka ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1998 mgbe ọ dị afọ 92. Ụdị ya gbanwere wee malite ọtụtụ oge na nzaghachi nye mmetụta na ndụ ya, karịsịa njem ya buru ibu. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na usoro dị iche iche, usoro, na mmetụta n'ime ogologo oge ọrụ ya. Ọtụtụ njem o mere na Europe, Africa, na Caribbean metụtara ma gbanwee otú o si ese ihe. O chere na ihe kacha enye aka na nka nka bụ "ihe akaebe nke nkà ndị na-ese ojii". Ọ chọrọ ka a mara ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe America na-enweghị akara.  Ọrụ ya na-egosipụta nganga ya na mgbọrọgwụ Africa na agbụrụ America.

### 1928–1936
Ọrụ nkuzi Jones malitere obere oge ka ọ gụchara mahadum. Onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ ihe ngosi nka nke Boston jụrụ iwere ya n'ọrụ, na-agwa ya ka ọ chọta ọrụ na South ebe "ndị ya" bi.  : 186 N'afọ 1928 , Charlotte Hawkins Brown goro ya ọrụ mgbe ụfọdụ ndoputa mbụ, wee guzobe ngalaba nka na Palmer Memorial Institute, ụlọ akwụkwọ nkwadebe ojii na akụkọ ihe mere eme, na Sedalia, North Carolina . Dịka onye nkuzi ụlọ akwụkwọ prep, ọ zụrụ otu egwuregwu basketball, kuziere ịgba egwu ndị mmadụ, ma kpọọ piano maka ọrụ ụka. Na 1930, James Vernon Herring kpọbatara ya ka ọ sonyere ngalaba nka na Mahadum Howard dị na Washington, DC, Jones nọgidere dị ka prọfesọ nke imewe na eserese mmiri ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nka na 1977. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ iji kwadebe ụmụ akwụkwọ ya maka ọrụ ịsọ mpi na nka site n'ịkpọ ndị na-emepụta ihe na ndị na-ese ihe n'ime klaasị ya maka ogbako. Mgbe ọ na-etolite ọrụ nke ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe, ọ ghọrọ onye ndụmọdụ pụtara ìhè na onye na-akwadosi ike maka nka na ndị na-ese ihe n'Afrika-America.  : 13 14 15 16 

Na mmalite 1930s, Jones malitere ịchọ nkwado maka atụmatụ ya na ọrụ nka. Ọ malitere igosi ọrụ ya na William E. Harmon Foundation na eserese unyi nke nwa akwụkwọ na Palmer Memorial Institute, *Negro Youth* (1929). N'ime oge a, ọ kwụsịrị n'ichepụta ihe wee malite ịnwale ihe osise.  : 25 

Na 1941, Jones banyere ihe osise ya *Indian Shops Gay Head, Massachusetts* n'ime asọmpi kwa afọ nke Corcoran Gallery . N'oge ahụ, Corcoran Gallery machibidoro ndị na-ese ihe n'Africa na America ịbanye na ihe osise ha n'onwe ha. Jones mere Tabary tinye ihe osise ya iji gbanahụ iwu ahụ. Jones mechara nweta Robert Woods Bliss Award maka ọrụ nka a, ma ọ nweghị ike iburu ihe nrite ahụ n'onwe ya. Tabary ga-ezigara Jones ihe nrite ahụ. N'agbanyeghị okwu ndị a, Jones rụsiri ọrụ ike n'agbanyeghị agbụrụ agbụrụ a chọtara na mba ahụ n'oge a.  : 49 50 Na 1994, Corcoran Gallery of Art nyere Jones mgbaghara ọha na eze na mmeghe nke ihe ngosi *The World of Lois Mailou Jones*, 50 afọ mgbe Jones zoro ya. 

Jones' *Les Fétiches* nyere aka n'ịgbanwe " Négritude " - ihe ngosi nka nke francophone - site na mpaghara agụmagụ kachasị na-abanye n'ọhụụ. Ọrụ ya nyere njikọ anya dị mkpa nye ndị edemede Négritude dị ka Aimé Césaire, Léon Damas, na Léopold Sédar Senghor .  O mechakwara *Nwanyị Beggar Parisian* na ederede Langston Hughes wetara.  N'afọ 1938, eyịridere ihe ngosi solo mbụ Jones na Whyte Gallery ma emesịa gosi ya na Howard University Gallery of Art na 1948. 

## Ihe nrite na nkwanye ugwu

* Robert Woods Bliss Award for Landscape for *Indian Shops Gay Head, Massachusetts* (1941) 
* Mahadum Atlanta maka eserese watercolor *Old House dị nso na Frederick, Virginia* (1942) 
* *Nwanyị nke 1946* onyinye sitere na National Council of Negro Women (1946) 
* John Hope Prize maka Landscape maka *Ville d'Houdain, Pas-de-Calais* na onyinye sitere na Corcoran Gallery of Art maka *Petite Ville en hautes-Pyrenées* (1949) 
* Mahadum Atlanta maka *Impasse de l'Oratorie, Grasse, France* (1952)
* Onyinye eserese mmanụ sitere na&nbsp;Ụlọ ọrụ Corcoran nke Art *Coin de la Place Maubert, Paris*&nbsp;(1953) 
* Chevalier nke National Order of Honor and Merit sitere n'aka gọọmentị Haiti. (1954) 
* Ihe nrite maka imepụta mbipụta *Voici Hätii* (1958) 
* Mahadum Atlanta maka *ndị na-efe ofufe Voodoo, Haiti* na America National Museum of Art award for *Fishing Smacks, Menemsha, Massachusetts* (1960) 
* Onye ahọpụtara nke Royal Society of Arts na London. Anatara Franz Bader Award maka eserese mmanụ sitere na National Museum of Art for *Peasants on Parade* (1962) 
* Dọkịta na-asọpụrụ nke nkà ihe ọmụma sitere na Mahadum Colorado State (1973) 
* Mahadum Howard Fine Arts Faculty Award for Excellence in Teaching (1975) 
* Onye isi ala Ronald Reagan kwanyere ugwu na White House maka mmezu pụtara ìhè na nka (1980). 
* Asọpụrụ Doctorate nke akwụkwọ ozi mmadụ sitere na Mahadum Suffolk na Boston (1981) 
* Candace Award, Arts and Letters, National Coalition of 100 Black Women (1982) 
* *Onyinye nka nka nke 3 nke afọ,* Washington, DC (1983) 
* Ụbọchị Lois Jones, Washington, DC (Julaị 29, 1987) 
* *Ihe nrite Mmeri pụtara ìhè na Arts Visual Arts,* Women's Caucus of Art, Cooper Union, New York, NY (1986) 
* Dọkịta nsọpụrụ na Fine Arts sitere na Massachusetts College of Art, Boston (1986) 
* Honorary Doctorate of Humane leta si&nbsp;Mahadum Howard (1987) 
* Dọkịta nsọpụrụ nke akwụkwọ ozi mmadụ sitere na kọleji Art Atlanta (1989) 
* Dọkịta nsọpụrụ nke ọmarịcha nka sitere na ụlọ akwụkwọ nka nke Corcoran (1996) 

## Nchịkọta ahọpụtara

* *Men Working,* not dated, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, DC
* *Negro Youth*, 1929, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, DC
* *Brother Brown*, 1931, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, DC
* *Les Fétiches*, 1938, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, DC
* *Place du Tertre*,&nbsp;1938, The Phillips Collection, Washington, DC
* *Dans un Café à Paris (Leigh Whipper)*, 1939, Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, NY
* *Seated Man in Yellow Overalls*, 1939, Smithsonian American art Museum, Washington, DC
* *Cauliflower and Pumpkin*, 1938, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY
* *Self-Portrait*, 1940, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, DC
* *Les Clochards, Montmartre, Paris*, 1947, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, DC
* *Coin de la Rue Medard*,&nbsp;1947, The Phillips Collection, Washington, DC
* *Jardin du Luxembourg*, ca. 1948, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, DC
* Arreau, Hautes-Pyrénées,&nbsp;1949, National Museum of Women in the Arts, Washington, DC
* *Mme. Feugeront à Cabris, AM*, 1950, Muscarelle Museum of Art, Williamsburg, VA
* *Jeune Fille Française*, 1951, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, DC
* *Eglise Saint Joseph,* 1954, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, DC
* *Shapes and Colors*, 1958, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, DC
* *Challenge—America,* 1964, Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington, DC
* *Moon Masque*, 1971, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, DC
* *Ode&nbsp;to Kinshasa*, 1972, National Museum of Women in the Arts, Washington, DC
* *Ubi Girl from Tai Region*, 1972, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA
* *La Baker*, 1977, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA
* *The Green Door*, 1981, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC
* *Suriname*, 1982, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, DC
* *Glyphs*, 1985, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA
* *Untitled (Portrait of Léopold Sédar Senghor)*, 1996, Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN

## Ihe ngosi ahọpụtara

* Ihe ngosi Solo, 1937, Mahadum Howard, Washington, DC, nke Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority kwadoro. 
* Ihe ngosi Solo, 1946, Barnett Aden Gallery, Washington, DC 
* Ihe ngosi Solo, 1947, Mahadum Lincoln nke Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 
* Ihe ngosi Solo, 1948, Whyte Gallery na Mahadum Howard, Washington, DC 
* Ihe ngosi Solo, 1955, Pan American Union Building, Washington, DC 
* Ihe ngosi Solo, 1961, Galerie International, New York, NY 
* Ihe ngosi Solo, 1966, Galerie Soulanges, Paris, France 
* Ihe ngosi Solo, 1967, Mahadum Cornell, Ithaca, NY 
* *Afọ iri anọ nke eserese*, 1972, Mahadum Howard University Gallery of Art, Washington, DC 
* *Oge ntụgharị*, 1973–1974, MFA, Boston, Boston, MA 
* *Ụmụ nwanyị ndị na-eme ihe nkiri isii,* 1976, Brooklyn Museum, New York, NY 
* Ihe ngosi Solo, 1979, The Phillips Collection, Washington, DC 
* *Ụwa nke&nbsp;*Loïs&nbsp;*Mailou Jones*, 1990–1996, Meridian International Center, Gagharịa na mba ahụ dum 
* *The Art nke&nbsp;*Loïs&nbsp;*Mailou Jones*, 1991–1993, Bomani Art Gallery, San Francisco, CA 
* *Ndụ na nka nke Lois Mailou Jones*, 1994, Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, DC 
* *Loïs&nbsp;Mailou Jones: Ọrụ mbụ: Ihe osise na ụkpụrụ 1927–1937*, 2006, Ụlọ Akwụkwọ nke Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA 
* *Lois Mailou Jones: Ndụ dị na agba na-egbuke egbuke*, 2009-2010, Mint Museum of Art, Charlotte, NC 
* *Spectrum zuru oke: Nna-ukwu nke ọma n'ime Loïs Mailou Jones,* 2014-2015, DC Commission on Arts and Humanities na Mmekọrịta na Loïs Mailou Jones Trust, The I Street Gallery, Washington, DC 
* *Ndụ na Ọrụ nke Lois Mailou Jones,* 2015, Martha's Vineyard Museum, Edgartown, MA 

## Ntụaka
ọ na-arụ ọrụ ruo ogo ya. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na School of the Museum of Fine Arts, ọ natara akara ugo mmụta ya na imewe site na Design Art School nke Boston na 1928. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na FA Foster Company na Boston na Schumacher Company na New York

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* 
* 
* Benjamin, Tritobia Hayes. "Jones, Lois Mailou. November 3, 1095-June 9, 1998."
* 
* 
* 
* Rowell, Charles Henry (2016). "Loïs Mailou Jones." *Callaloo*, vol. 39 no. 5, 2016, p.&nbsp;1017-1101. *Project MUSE*, doi:10.1353/cal.2016.0142.
* Seamon, Donna (2017). *Identity Unknown: Rediscovering Seven American Women Artists.* New York: Bloomsbury USA.
* 
* Ware, Susan; Braukman, Stacy Lorraine (2004). "Notable American Women: Completing the Twentieth Century". Harvard University Press, 1st edition.  ISBN&nbsp;.

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nchekwa nke webụsaịtị gọọmentị
* "Ajụjụ nke Lois Mailou Jones", Charles H. Rowell, *Callaloo*, Vol. 12 Nke 2, p.&nbsp;357–378
* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Baltimore. *[http://cdm16075.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15264coll3/id/74 Art Negro Contemporary: Na ngosi site na February 3-19, 1939, Baltimore Museum of Art]* . [Baltimore]: [Baltimore Museum of Art], 1939.
* Akwụkwọ Lois Mailou Jones, ihe ncheta, na ebe nchekwa sitere na Mahadum Howard
* Lois Mailou Jones na ọdụ data ndị na-ahụ maka ihe nkiri America America
* Ọbụbụenyi ndị nka: Loïs Mailou Jones na Céline Tabary sitere na National Museum of Women in the Arts blọọgụ
* Pọdkastị akụkọ ihe mere eme anaghị abụ, Lois Mailou Jones, Disemba 6, 2012
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations