Bill Gunnonye

**William Harrison Gunn** (Julaị 15, 1934 - Eprel 5, 1989) bụ onye America na-ede egwuregwu, onye edemede, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye isi ihe nkiri. Ya 1973 òtù nzuzo kpochapụwo ihe nkiri egwu egwu *Ganja &amp;amp; Hess* ka a họọrọ dị ka otu n'ime ihe nkiri America iri kacha mma nke afọ iri na Cannes Film Festival, 1973.    Na *New Yorker*, onye na-akatọ ihe nkiri Richard Brody kọwara ya dị ka "onye na-ese ihe nkiri na-ahụ anya hapụrụ n'akụkụ nke oge a na-atọhapụ onwe ya nke ihe nkiri America."  Onye na-eme ihe nkiri Spike Lee ekwuola na Gunn bụ "otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe nkiri na-enweghị ekele n'oge ya."  Ihe nkiri Gunn *Johnnas* nwetara ihe nrite Emmy na 1972. 

## Ọrụ
Onye amaala Philadelphia, Gunn dere ihe karịrị egwuregwu 29 n'oge ndụ ya. Ọ dekwara akwụkwọ akụkọ abụọ wee dee ọtụtụ ihe nkiri onyonyo emepụtara. Na 1950, Gunn mụtara ime ihe na Mira Rostova na New York's East Village.  Na 1954, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na mmepụta Broadway nke *The Imoralist* na James Dean . Ya na Dean, o sonyeere otu okirikiri nke gụnyere Montgomery Clift, Eartha Kitt, na Marlon Brando .  Gunn kesara otu ụlọ na Nyack, New York na Sam Waymon, nwanne onye na-agụ egwú Nina Simone, bụ onye dekwara akara egwu maka *Ganja & Hess* .  Mpụta mbụ ntụzịaka Gunn gaara abụ *Kwụsị!* (1970), nke Warner Bros kwadoro n'okpuru atụmatụ nke ịbụ ihe nkiri studio nke abụọ nke onye Afrika America na-eduzi. E bu n'obi ya dị ka ihe nkiri nke metụtara ndị di na nwunye abụọ na-emekọ ihe ọnụ n'ime mmekọ nwoke na nwoke ma ọ bụ nwoke ma ọ bụ nwanyị ibe ya n'akụkụ nraranye nke onwe. Ụlọ ihe nkiri ahụ dobere ihe nkiri ahụ tupu e wepụta ya, ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri ahụ mechara kwuo na ha enweghị mbipụta na ebe nchekwa ha. E gosiputara mbipụta 35mm na nlegharị anya na ọnwụ Gunn, na otu VHS nke ihe nkiri dị (nke Jack Hoffmeister, onye so na ihe nkiri ahụ chọtara).  Ọ bụkwa onye nkwado na enyi nke onye na-ese ihe nkiri na onye edemede bụ Kathleen Collins, na-ekere òkè na fim ya *Losing Ground* .  Ọ nwụrụ n'afọ 54 site na encephalitis na ụlọ ọgwụ Nyack, New York ụbọchị tupu egwuregwu ya *The Forbidden City* mepere na Ụlọ ihe nkiri Ọha na New York City. 

Na 2021, ihe ngosi akpọrọ "Ruo mgbe ha nụrụ: Bill Gunn Directs America", nke raara nye ọrụ na ihe nketa nke Bill Gunn, ka egosiri na gallery New York Artists Space . Ndị na-arụkọ ọrụ nka nka na ndị ọkà mmụta Gunn haziri usoro mmemme a gụnyere, Hilton Als, Jake Perlin, Sam Waymon, Nicholas Forster, Awoye Timpo, Chiz Schultz, na Ishmael Reed .  N'afọ 2021, Timpo megharịrị egwuregwu Gunn's *Black Picture Show* maka ihe nkiri n'ụdị agụmagụ. 

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ

### Ejije

* *Marcus na High Grass* (1959) - nke Guild Ụlọ ihe nkiri mepụtara.
* *Johnnas* (1968) - emepụtara na New York City na Chelsea Theatre.
* *Ihe ngosi foto ojii* (1975) - emepụtara na New York City na Vivian Beaumont Theatre .
* *Rhinestone* (egwu; dabere na akwụkwọ akụkọ *Rhinestone Sharecropping* ) (1982) - emepụtara na New York City na Richard Allen Center.
* *Obodo a machibidoro iwu* (1989) - emepụtara na New York City na Ụlọ ihe nkiri Ọha.

### Ihe nkiri

* *Kwụsị* (1969), Warner. (anaghị ahapụ ya)
* (Ya na Ronald Ribman ) *Angel Levine* (1970) (mmeghari nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Bernard Malamud ), United Artists.
* *Onye nwe ụlọ* (1970) (mmeghari akwụkwọ akụkọ sitere n'aka Kristin Hunter ), United Artists.
* *Ganja na Hess* (1973), Kelly-Jordan Enterprises, degharịrị ma wepụta ya n'okpuru aha *Blood Couple*, Heritage Enterprises.
* *Kachasị ukwuu* (1977), Columbia. (anaghị akwụ ụgwọ) 

### Ihe nkiri onyonyo

* *Johnnas* (1972), Ụlọ ọrụ Mgbasa Ozi Mba (NBC).
* *Akụkọ Alberta Hunter* (1982), onye na-edekọ ihe w. Chris Albertson-emechabeghị - Southern Pictures (UK).

### Akwụkwọ akụkọ

* *Ndị ọzọ niile anwụọla* (1964), Delacorte (New York).
* *Rhinestone Sharecropping* (1981), Reed, Cannon,  ,  .

## Filmografii (dị ka omee)

## Filmografii (dị ka omee)

## Ntụaka
America", nke raara nye ọrụ na ihe nketa nke Bill Gunn, ka egosiri na gallery New York Artists Space . Ndị na-arụkọ ọrụ nka nka na ndị ọkà mmụta Gunn haziri usoro mmemme a gụnyere, Hilton Als, Jake Perlin, Sam Waymon, Nicholas Forster, Awoye Timpo, Chiz Schultz, na Ishmael Reed .  N'afọ 2021, Timpo megharịrị egwuregwu

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* Anderson, Melissa. "Na Mbipụta Abụọ ngwa ngwa abụọ, Bill Gunn na-alụ ọgụ maka ịdị n'otu ya", *Voice Village*, Disemba 29, 2015.
* David, Marlo D. "'Kwe ka Ọ Na-agbaji': Ọchịchọ na Okwu Mkparịta ụka n'ime ihe nkiri nke Bill Gunn", *Igwefoto ojii* 2.2 (2011): 26-46.
* "Gunn, Bill." Mitchell, Verner D, na Cynthia Davis, ed. *Encyclopedia of the Black Arts Movement* . Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2019. p.&nbsp;147-148.
* Ostrom, Hans. "Bill Gunn", na Hans Ostrom na J. David Macey (eds), *The Greenwood Encyclopedia of African American Literature*, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishers, 2005. Mpịakọta nke Abụọ, 683.
* Sieving, Christopher. Na-arịọ ọbara: Bill Gunn's Ganja & Hess . Mahadum Indiana Press, 2022.
* Tate, Greg. "Bill Gunn, 1934-1989." *Olu Obodo*, Eprel 25, 1989. Vol. 34, Aịz. 17, p.&nbsp;98.
* Williams, John. "Bill Gunn (1929-1989): Ndepụta nke ihe nkiri ya, ọrụ dị egwu na akwụkwọ akụkọ ya." *Nzukọ Literature Black American.* 25.4 (1991): 781- (7p).

## Njikọ mpụga

* Bill Gunn at IMDb
* Bill Gunn at the Internet Broadway Database
* Bill Gunn at the Internet Off-Broadway Database
* Bill Gunn Papers – Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Manuscripts, Archives and Rare Books Division
* Original print donated to the collection of the Museum of Modern Art, New York.