Darrell Tryon

**Darrell T. Tryon** (20 Julaị 1942 – 15 Mee 2013) bụ onye a mụrụ na New Zealand, ọkachamara n'asụsụ, agụmakwụkwọ, na ọkachamara n'asụsụ Austronesian . Karịsịa, Tryon bụ ọkachamara n'ọmụmụ asụsụ nke Agwaetiti Pasifik, ọkachasị Vanuatu, Agwaetiti Solomon, na Pacific na-asụ French.  

Site na 1970 ruo 1971, Tryon mechara ọmụmụ ihe mbụ gbasara asụsụ Vanuatu, nke a maara n'oge ahụ dị ka New Hebrides . Ọmụmụ ihe ya, nke chịkọtara ndepụta okwu okwu sitere na obodo dị iche iche n'agwaetiti ndị ahụ, chọpụtara na e nwere ihe karịrị otu narị asụsụ dị iche iche na Vanuatu. Tryon kpebiri na asụsụ Vanuatu nke oge a, nke ndị obodo, bụ akụkụ nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Austronesian . 

Tryon malitere ịmụ asụsụ dị iche iche nke Agwaetiti Solomon na 1978.  E dekwara ya akwụkwọ gbasara asụsụ pidgin na creole nke Agwaetiti Pacific, gụnyere Pijin nke Agwaetiti Solomon na Bislama nke Vanuatu.  

## Ndụ mbido
A mụrụ Tryon na 20 Julaị 1942, na Niu Ziland .  Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Canterbury, ebe ọ gụchara akwụkwọ edemede gbasara asụsụ obodo nke Agwaetiti Loyalty, otu agwaetiti dị na New Caledonia . Ọ mụtara asụsụ French nke ọma dịka nwa akwụkwọ ma nwee mmasị na omenala na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mpaghara ndị France nke South Pacific. 

Ọ kwagara Ọstrelia n'etiti afọ 1960, ebe ọ kụziri na Mahadum Mba nke Australia . 

## Vanuatu
Ọtụtụ n'ime nnyocha Tryon lekwasịrị anya na New Hebrides, aha ndị ọchịchị na-akpọ Vanuatu.   Ọ bụ ọkachamara na Vanuatu na ụdị asụsụ dị iche iche ya. Tryon malitere ọrụ ubi ya n'ebe ahụ na 1969.  Site na 1970 ruo 1971, Tryon mere ọmụmụ ihe mbụ nke ihe karịrị asụsụ 100 nke Vanuatu . Kama ilekwasị anya na ụtọasụsụ, Tryon chịkọtara ndepụta okwu okwu site na asụsụ dị iche iche n'agwaetiti ndị ahụ iji chọpụta mmekọrịta dị n'etiti asụsụ ndị ahụ. 

Nnyocha ya nke afọ 1970-1971 gosiri na e nwere asụsụ 117 ndị obodo a na-asụ na Vanuatu na mbido afọ 1970. A chọpụtara na asụsụ ndị dị n'agwaetiti ndị ahụ bụ ndị otu ezinụlọ asụsụ Austronesian . O jiri njedebe nke 81% nke cognates kesara mee ka asụsụ dị iche na olumba dị iche. Ụfọdụ n'ime asụsụ ndị Tryon mụrụ ekpochapụla. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, asụsụ Sowa, nke naanị mmadụ 20 bi n'otu obodo dị nso na Ranwadi na Pentecost Island n'oge ahụ, kwụsịrị mgbe onye ikpeazụ kwuru okwu nwụrụ na 2000. 

Na 1972, o bipụtara *mpịakọta asụsụ Pacific (C-50)*, nke nwere nyocha ya, nyocha ya na ndepụta okwu 292 nke e si n'obodo Ni-Vanuatu 179 nweta.  Akwụkwọ ahụ nwekwara map, na-egosi ebe a na-asụ asụsụ ya n'agwaetiti ọ bụla. Tryon gosipụtara ihe ndị o chọpụtara na Mgbakọ Mba Nile Mbụ gbasara Asụsụ Austronesian, nke e mere na Honolulu, Hawaii, na 1974.  E bipụtara nyocha ikpeazụ nke Tryon gbasara asụsụ 117 nke Vanuatu na 1976. 

Nnyocha Tryon ewerewo dị ka ihe dị mkpa nye onye nchọpụta ọ bụla na-amụ asụsụ Vanuatu. Dịka John Lynch, prọfesọ emeritus na asụsụ na Mahadum South Pacific si kwuo, ha ka bụ ntọala maka ọtụtụ ihe ọmụma dị ugbu a gbasara ihe nketa asụsụ Vanuatu.  

Tryon duziri Mmemme Ndị Ọrụ Ubi Vanuatu site na mmalite afọ 1980 ruo 2009.  Mmemme Ndị Ọrụ Ubi Vanuatu kpọrọ ụmụ nwoke si n'obodo nta dị iche iche na mba ahụ òkù ka ha bịa nzukọ na Port Vila otu ugboro n'afọ. Nzukọ kwa afọ ọ bụla lere anya n'otu isiokwu omenala kpọmkwem.  Ndị sonyere, bụ́ ndị mechara gụnye ihe karịrị ụmụ nwoke iri ise, mere ndekọ ọdịyo nke ọdịnala na akụkọ ifo obodo ha. Ndị nchọpụta na ndị ikom ahụ dekọrọ ihe odide ahụ na Bislama . E debere ndekọ na ndekọ ndị ọzọ niile sitere na Mmemme Ndị Ọrụ Ubi Vanuatu na Ebe Omenala Vanuatu dị na Port Vila. 

* *Asụsụ Tahitian Mkparịta ụka: Okwu mmalite nke asụsụ Tahitian nke French Polynesia* (1970)
* *Asụsụ nke Agwaetiti Ista: Mmepe Ya na Mmekọrịta Ndị Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Polynesian* (1984), nke ya na Robert Langdon dere.
* *Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ntụnyere Austronesian* (1995), mpịakọta ise nke Mouton de Gruyter bipụtara
* *Bonnemaison: Arts of Vanuatu* (1997), onye nchịkọta akụkọ ya na Joel Bonnemaison na Kirk Huffman
* *Akwụkwọ akụkọ Pacific Pidgins and Creole* (2004), nke ya na Jean-Michel Charpentier dere.
* *Akwụkwọ The Austronesian: Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme na Echiche Ndị A Na-atụnyere* (2006), nke ya na Peter Bellwood na James J. Fox dere.
* *Nzukọ Oké Osimiri: Mgbanwe, Ọchịchọ, Ime Ihe Ike* (2011), nke Margaret Jolly na Serge Tcherkézoff dere.
* *Ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, mmepe na nchekwa na Oceania* (2013), ya na David Hegarty dere ya

; Akwụkwọ akụkọ asụsụ Pacific

* Tryon, D.T. *Nengone grammar*. B-6, x + 101 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1967.  
* Tryon, D.T. *[[Asụsụ Drehu|Dehu]] grammar*. B-7, xii + 122 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1968.  doi:
* Tryon, D.T. *[[Asụsụ Iaai|Iai]] grammar*. B-8, xii + 137 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1968.  doi:
* Tryon, D.T. *An introduction of Maranungku (Northern Australia)*. B-15, x + 121 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1970.  doi:
* Tryon, D.T. *[[Asụsụ Drehu|Dehu]]-English dictionary*. C-6, vi + 142 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1967.  doi:
* Tryon, D.T. *English-[[Asụsụ Drehu|Dehu]] dictionary*. C-7, iv + 165 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1967.  doi:
* Tryon, D.T. and Dubois, M.J. *Nengone dictionary. Part I: Nengone-English*. C-9, viii + 452 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1969.  doi:
* Tryon, D.T. and Dubois, M.J. *Nengone dictionary. Part II: English-Nengone*. C-23, iv + 205 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1971.  doi:
* Tryon, D.T. *Daly Family languages, Australia*. C-32, xviii + 322 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1974.  doi:
* Tryon, D.T. *New Hebrides languages: An internal classification*. C-50, vi + 550 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1976.  doi:
* Tryon, D.T. *"The Languages of the New Hebrides: Internal and External Relationships". In Wurm, S.A. and Carrington, L. editors, Second International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics: Proceedings*. C-61:877-902. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1978.  doi:
* Tryon, D.T. and Hackman, B.D. *Solomon Islands languages: An internal classification*. C-72, viii + 493 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1983.  doi:
* Tryon, D.T. "Towards a classification of Solomon Islands languages". In Halim, A., Carrington, L. and Wurm, S.A. editors, *Papers from the Third International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics, Vol. 1: Currents in Oceanic*. C-74:97-108. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1982.  doi:
* Tryon, D.T. "The Marquesan dialects: a first approach". In Laycock, D.C. and Winter, W. editors, *A World of language: Papers presented to Professor S.A. Wurm on his 65th birthday*. C-100:669-681. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1987.
* Tryon, D. "Oceanic plant names". In Pawley, A.K. and Ross, M.D. editors, *Austronesian Terminologies: Continuity and change*. C-127:481-510. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1994.  doi:
* Tryon, D. "Mae-Morae and the languages of Epi (Vanuatu)". In Lynch, J. and Pat, F.'A. editors, *Oceanic Studies: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Oceanic Linguistics*. C-133:305-318. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1996.  doi:
* Tryon, D.T. and Gly, R. *Gazetteer of New Hebrides place names/Nomenclature des noms geographiques des Nouvelles-Hebrides*. D-15, xxxvi + 188 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1979.  doi:
* Tryon, D. *Bislama: An Introduction to the National Language of Vanuatu*. D-72, xiv + 261 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1987.  doi:
* Tryon, D. "Ngatikese Men's Language". In Pawley, A., Ross, M. and Tryon, D. editors, *The boy from Bundaberg: Studies in Melanesian linguistics in honour of Tom Dutton*. PL-514:345-360. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 2001.  doi:
* Tryon, D. "The languages of Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu". In Bowden, J., Himmelmann, N.P. and Ross, M. editors, *A journey through Austronesian and Papuan linguistic and cultural space: papers in honour of [[Andrew Pawley|Andrew K. Pawley]]*. PL-615:283-290. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 2010.
* Tryon, D. "The endangered languages of Vanuatu". In Senft, G. editor, *Endangered Austronesian, Papuan and Australian Aboriginal languages: essays on language documentation, archiving and revitalization.* PL-617:17-34. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 2010.

## Leekwa

* Alexandre François
* Terry Crowley (ọkammụta asụsụ)

## Edensibia

Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations