Robbie McCauley

**Robbie Doris McCauley** (Julaị 14, 1942 - Mee 20, 2021) bụ onye America na-ede egwuregwu, onye isi, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na prọfesọ. A maara McCauley nke ọma maka egwuregwu ya *Sugar* na *Sally's Rape,*  n'etiti ọrụ ndị ọzọ na-ekwu maka ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na United States ma mara ndị na-ege ntị aka isonye na mkparịta ụka ya na ọrụ ya. Ọ rụkwara egwu n'egwuregwu Broadway nke Ntozake Shange nke 1976 *maka ụmụ agbọghọ nwere agba bụ ndị cherela igbu onwe ha / Mgbe egwurugwu bụ Enuf* . Ọ bụ prọfesọ emerita na Emerson College, na-akụzi ebe ahụ site na 2001 ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na 2013.

## Ndụ mbido
Robbie McCauley mụrụ na Norfolk, Virginia na Julaị 14, 1942.  Nne na nna ya bụ Robert, onye ji ọrụ ya na ndị agha, na Alice (Borders) McCauley, onye na-arụ ọrụ na gọọmenti etiti.  Robbie ji ọtụtụ afọ ya na-eto eto kewaa oge n'etiti Washington, DC na Columbus, Georgia . Ọ nwetara BA ya na 1963 na Mahadum Howard  ma mesịa nweta MA site na Mahadum New York . 

## Ọrụ
Na New York, McCauley nwere mmasị na ma ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri America-American. N'ọgwụgwụ 1960, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye nkuzi na Negro Ensemble Company na New York City .  Site na 1970s na ọ bụ onye na-ede egwuregwu na-arụ ọrụ, onye nduzi, na onye na-eme ihe nkiri n'ọtụtụ ọrụ dabeere na New York, ma na na Broadway, yana ịrụ ọrụ n'ebe ndị ọzọ na US na ná mba ọzọ. Ọ rụrụ na mkpokọta egwuregwu Ntozake Shange 's 1976 *maka ụmụ agbọghọ nwere agba bụ ndị cherela igbu onwe ha / Mgbe Egwurugwu Is Enuf* na Broadway.  Ahụmahụ ahụ kpaliri ya ịzụlite ọrụ gbasara ndụ nke ya.  N'ịbụ onye na-ede na *Boston Globe*, Bryan Marquand kwuru na ihe si na ya pụta "ọrụ gbajiri nkịtị ugboro ugboro banyere okwu ndị dị ka agbụrụ, ọrịa, na mmekọahụ." 

Ọrụ McCauley kacha mara amara bụ *Sally's Rape*, nke meriri ihe nrite Obie na 1991 maka egwuregwu Amerịka ọhụrụ kacha mma yana ihe nrite Bessie maka arụmọrụ solo kacha mma na 1990.  Ọrụ ya ndị ọzọ bụ isi gụnyere *Sugar* na trilogy: *Mississippi Freedom*, *Turf* na *Ngwá Agha Ndị Ọzọ,* na akụkụ nke mbụ na-egwu na 1993 Whitney Biennial .  Ọrụ McCauley na-ekwu banyere ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na United States,  na-achọ ime ka mkparịta ụka dị n'etiti agbụrụ dị n'etiti agbụrụ dị na obodo.  Ọ kọwara ebumnuche ya maka ọrụ ya: "ka ndị mmadụ wee nwee ike ịnwe oge dị mma na ihe na-akwụ ụgwọ na enweghị ahụ iru ala."    

Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ ihe nkiri ya, McCauley kụziri na City College of New York, Hunter College, Mount Holyoke College, Mahadum Massachusetts .  O sonyeere Emerson College - ịghọ onye nkuzi ojii mbụ ya nwetara ikike n'etinyeghị akwụkwọ mkpesa - wee kuziere ebe ahụ site na 2001 ruo 2013 mgbe ọ natara ọkwa prọfesọ emerita.  McCauley bụkwa onye nkuzi ọbịa na HB Studio . 

## Ọrụ ndị ama ama

### ''Mmeko nwoke nke Sally''
*Rape Sally* bụ ihe ngosi arụmọrụ nkeji 45 sitere na 1991 nke rụrụ na The Kitchen na New York City.  Ihe ngosi a sitere n'ike nne nne nne nke McCauley bụ Sally nke nwere nwa nke onye ohu ya mụrụ, nke sitere na ime ihe ike mmekọahụ.  N'otu akụkụ nke ibe ahụ, McCauley guzoro ọtọ na oche. Otu nwanyị na-acha ọcha na-abanye ma gwa ndị na-ege ntị na bench bụ igbe ịgba chaa chaa ma na-agba ndị na-ege ntị ume ka ha kwadoro ahụ McCauley - ihe McCauley kọwara dị ka ememe e bu n'obi iji mee ka ndị na-ege ntị soro ya mee ihe n'ịkọ ahụmahụ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụmụ nwanyị Africa-America bụ ndị bụ ihe ndị ọcha na-emetọ, na imepe mkparịta ụka na ndị na-ege ntị.    N'ịtụle ihe ngosi maka *The Village Voice*, Alissa Solomon chọpụtara na ebumnobi a gara nke ọma: "N'adịghị ka mgbalị ndị a na-emekarị na ntinye aka ndị na-ege ntị, a naghị emegharị anyị ma ọ bụ manye anyị. Kama nke ahụ, a na-adọta anyị n'ime mgbatị ahụ, na-eme ihe maka nnukwu ọrụ na, anyị. ghọtara, ga-aga n'ihu n'èzí Ma, n'ụzọ na-akpali akpali, ọ mere ruo awa ole na ole mgbe arụmọrụ ahụ gasịrị, ekwuru m banyere ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na ndị enyi m ga-anọkwa na ihe ngosi ahụ, na-eleba anya na mpaghara ndị m na-atụghị anya imeghe. Enweghị m ike icheta oge ikpeazụ m hapụrụ egwuregwu juputara na ajụjụ ya."  McCauley kpọrọ ihe ngosi ahụ "ọrụ na-aga n'ihu", egwuregwu na okwu nwere ọganihu ọha mmadụ ọ tụrụ anya ịmalite. 

### Trilogy
*Freedom Mississippi* bụ nke mbụ na trilogy nke ọrụ ihe nkiri nke McCauley kere na 1990s nke na-egosipụta mmekọrịta agbụrụ na US n'oge '60s na' 70s; ọrụ a metụtara mgba iji nweta ikike ịtụ vootu. Na mmekorita ya na Ụlọ ọrụ Arts yana ndị na-ese ihe na mpaghara ndị nwere njikọ onwe ha na mmegharị ikike ịtụ vootu, akụkụ ndị ahụ bụ mgbasa ozi agwakọta, na-etinye ihe egwu egwu, ntinye ndị na-ege ntị, na-akpọ ndị na-ekiri ka ha nọrọ mgbe ihe nkiri ahụ ga-ekwurịta okwu na nkedo.  Ọ gara gburugburu steeti Mississippi na 1992,  wee gosipụta ya na New York na Whitney Biennial na 1993,  na Texas na 1996. 

*Turf: Ihe nkiri mkparịta ụka na Black na White*, nke abụọ na trilogy, gbadoro ụkwụ na mgbagha mgbagha ụgbọ ala ụlọ akwụkwọ Boston . Mgbe otu afọ nọrọ na-emepụta ihe ngosi site na ajụjụ ọnụ ndị e mere na Boston, n'ụdị Anna Deavere Smith, *Turf* mere na mpaghara anọ dị iche iche gburugburu Boston na 1993. 

Mpempe ikpeazụ na trilogy a na-akpọ *Ngwá Agha Ndị Ọzọ*, ma na-akọ akụkọ banyere Black Panther Party, ike obodo, na ndị mmanye iwu na Los Angeles . E gosiri ya na ebe anọ dị na LA na 1994. 

### ''Sugar''
*Sugar* (arụmarụ ọrụ na 2012) dabere na ndụ McCauley nwere ọrịa shuga na-eto eto, nke a chọpụtara n'oge na-adịbeghị anya n'ime afọ iri abụọ ya. McCauley na-akọwa yana gosipụtakwa (ọbụlagodi ịdọrọ ọbara nke ya ma ọ bụ kwụsịtụ ịgbanye insulin) ihe isi ike na mgbagwoju anya nke ibi na ọrịa shuga dị ka nwanyị ojii na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ihe nkiri. Ọ na-ejikọta isiokwu ahụ na ịgba ohu, site na onyinyo nke okpete shuga. Emebere ya na ọrụ ya, ọ na-etinyekwa isiokwu nke mmekọahụ na ịka nká; "Kedu ka anyị si agbachi nkịtị banyere mmekọahụ mgbe afọ ụfọdụ gasịrị?" ọ jụrụ.  Arụ ọrụ izizi nke ibe ahụ bụ ArtsEmerson, otu nzukọ na kọleji Emerson, nke Maureen Shea duziri.  N'ịtụle ọkwa mbụ nke egwuregwu ahụ, Don Aucoin nke *The Boston Globe* kọwara McCauley dị ka "onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-egwu egwu nke maara ọdịiche dị nro dị n'etiti ikwu okwu - kama ịgwa ya ma ọ bụ na-ege ntị." 

### Ọrụ ndị ọzọ
*Ọbara India*, dị ka *Sally's Rape*, na-ekpuchi akụkọ ihe mere eme ezinụlọ McCauley n'ime ibe ahụ, na-eji vidiyo mee ka McCauley gosipụta ọtụtụ ihe odide.  Nke mbụ emere na 1987, egwuregwu a sitere n'ike nna nna McCauley. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke 10th Cavalry Regiment na Spanish–American War, nke a maara dị ka ndị agha buffalo ka ha na-alụkwa ndị America agha. 

*Persimmon Peel* bụ mmekorita ya na ibe ya *For Colored Girls* alum Laurie Carlos, "onye na-egwu egwu, na-ejikarị uri na-akọwa obere ọrụ" rụrụ na Minneapolis na 1990. Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri abụọ a, a tụlere dị ka "ịgba egwu", na-ekerịta akụkọ na icheta nkewa, na-ewulite ihe ngosi nke ndụ ojii na United States. 

McCauley rụrụ *Lovehụnanya na Ọsọ na United States Nletaghachi* dị ka ọrụ na-aga n'ihu na Hartford na 1999, n'oge na-adịghị anya ọ sonyere na ngalaba nke Trinity College . 

McCauley rụrụ *Jazz'n Class* dị ka akụkụ ya nke *Badass,* mgbede nke ọrụ ọhụrụ ya na Magdalena Gómez na Kate Snodgrass, mepụtara na Boston Playwrights' Theatre na 2015.  Nke a nwetara onyinye nturu ugo IRNE (Ndị na-enyocha ndị nweere onwe ha nke New England) maka arụmọrụ Solo. 

## Ihe nrite

* Maka *Sugar* : IRNE (Ndị na-enyocha onwe ha nke New England) Award for Solo Performance (2013) 
* Maka *klaasị Jazz'n* : IRNE Award for Solo Performance (2016) 
* Maka *Mmekore Sally* : Obie Award, Best New American Play (1991); Ihe nrite Bessie maka mmezu pụtara ìhè na arụmọrụ (1990) 
* Ndị otu USA Ford maka nka ihe nkiri (2012) 

## Ndụ onwe onye
Na 1979 McCauley lụrụ Ed Montgomery, onye na-egwu egwu, ma ha nwere nwa nwanyị, onye na-ede egwú Jessie Montgomery .  Na mmalite mmekọrịta ha, ha rụkọrọ ọrụ ọnụ na ọrụ dị mkpụmkpụ nke a na-akpọ Sedition Ensemble ma mesịa Montgomery dee egwu maka ụfọdụ egwuregwu McCauley.  Ha gbara alụkwaghịm na 1996. 

McCauley nwụrụ na Mee 20, 2021, na Silver Spring, Maryland, ebe ya na nwanne ya nwanyị Anita Henderson bi.  Ihe kpatara ya bụ nkụchi obi . Ọ dị afọ 78. 

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations