Arnold Lazarọs

**Arnold Allan Lazarus** (27 Jenụwarị 1932 - 1 Ọktoba 2013) bụ onye South African na-amụ banyere akparamàgwà mmadụ na onye nchọpụta bụ onye ọkachamara na ọgwụgwọ cognitive ma bụrụ onye a maara nke ọma maka ịmepụta ọgwụgwọ multi-modal (MMT). Onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ  1955 na Mahadum CHIPS nke South Africa nke Witwatersrand, ihe Lazarọs rụzuru gụnyere ide ederede mbụ gbasara usoro Ọgwụgwọ akparamagwa (CBT) nke a na-akpọ Behaviour Therapy and Beyond na akwụkwọ 17 ndị ọzọ, ihe karịrị 300 isiokwu ahụike, na ọkwa onye isi oche nke njikọ akparamagwansi; ọ natara ọtụtụ onyinye gụnyere Distinguished Psychologist Award nke Division of Psychotherapy site na American Psychological Association, Distinguished Service Award site na American Board of Professional Psychology, na ihe nrite atọ nke ndụ. Lazarọs bụ onye ndú n'ime òtù enyemaka onwe onye nke malitere na 1970s na-ede akwụkwọ banyere echiche dị mma na izere echiche ọjọọ.  nọrọ oge na-akụzi na mahadum dị iche iche na United States gụnyere Mahadum Rutgers, Mahadum Stanford, Mahadume Temple Medical School, na Mahadum Yale, ọ bụkwa onye isi nchịkwa nke The Lazarus Institute, ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ahụike uche na-elekwasị anya na CBT.

## Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga

### Ndụ ezinụlọ
A mụrụ Lazarọs na South Africa, ebe ọ nọrọ n'oge ọ bụ nwata site na agụmakwụkwọ sekọndrị. Ọ bụ nwa Benjamin na Rachel Lazarus, nwa ikpeazụ n'ime ụmụ anọ nọ n'ezinụlọ nọ n'etiti. Mgbe nwanne  ya na-emegbu ya, Lazarọs malitere iwu ahụ na ịkụ ọkpọ, na-eduga na mmasị ogologo oge na ahụike na nri na-edozi ahụ. Lazarọs lụrụ Daphne afọ 57 tupu ọnwụ ya. O nwere ụmụ abụọ Linda na Clifford. Ọ bụ nna nna nwa Linda, Taylor. Donna  nwunye nwa ya, lụrụ Clifford.

### Agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ nkuzi
Lazarus gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum nke Witwatersrand na Johannesburg, South Africa. Mgbe  natara Ph.D. ya na 1960, ọ ghọrọ onye na-arụ ọrụ onwe ya na Johannesburg ruo 1963 mgbe a kpọrọ ya na Mahadum Stanford maka ọrụ otu afọ dị ka osote prọfesọ. Ọ laghachiri Johannesburg iji kụzie na alma mater ya ruo 1966 mgbe ya na ezinụlọ ya laghachiri na United States maka ọnọdụ ya dị ka onye nduzi nke Behavior Therapy Institute na Sausalito, California. Ọ bụ prọfesọ na Temple University Medical School site na 1967-1970 na Mahadum Yale site na 1970-1972 ebe ọ bụ onye nduzi nke ọzụzụ ahụike. 'ikpeazụ na 1972, Lazarọs ghọrọ prọfesọ pụrụ iche maka Graduate School of Applied Psychology na Mahadum Rutgers na New Jersey; Lazarọs ga-anọgide n'ọkwa a ruo 1999.

## Ọrụ ahụike na echiche
Dị ka nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Stanford, Lazarọs gbasaa ihe ọmụma ya karịa echiche nke uche nke oge ahụ ma bụrụ onye a na-eto site n'ịmepụta okwu maka ngalaba na-eto eto nke "ọgwụgwọ omume". Lazarọs na onye nkuzi ya Joseph Wolpe bipụtara akwụkwọ Behavioral Therapy Techniques na 1966 nke bụ nke mbụ gosipụtara mkpa ọ dị ịbawanye omume mgbanwe na ibelata omume na-adịghị mma na ahụike uche. N'ime usoro ide akwụkwọ ha, Lazarọs na Wolpe bịara dị iche na nguzo ha n'iji ọgwụgwọ omume. Wolpe -akwado usoro na-elekwasị anya na itinye naanị usoro ọgwụgwọ na Lazarọs na-akwado mgbakwunye nke usoro ndị ọzọ na mgbakwunye na ọgwụgwọ.  e mesịrị, n'akwụkwọ ya Behavior Therapy and Beyond, Lazarọs gosipụtara echiche ya maka ịgbakwunye ihe ndị na-aghọ nkọ na ọgwụgwọ omume dị ka ọgwụgwọ maka nchegbu na ịda mbà n'obi. Echiche Lazarọs nọgidere na-etolite n'ime akwụkwọ ole na ole sochirinụ ka ihe odide ya na echiche ya na-ewu ewu n'ọhịa niile.

Na Multimodal Behavioral Therapy (1976) na The Practice of Multimodel Therapy (1981), nke a na-ekwu na ọ bụ ọrụ ya kachasị ama, Lazarọs webatara ọgwụgwọ multimodal (MMT) . MMT dabeere n'echiche na ụmụ mmadụ nwere ụdị àgwà ha nke a ga-edozi iche iche iji gwọọ nsogbu uche nke ọma.  na-akpọ ụdị ndị ahụ aha mkpirisi BASIC ID nke na-anọchite anya Omume, Mmetụta, Mmetụ, Ihe oyiyi, Ihe omimi, Mmekọrịta mmadụ na mmadụ, na Ọgwụ / Biology.

A makwaara Lazarọs maka nkwado ya maka ịgbasawanye ókèala dị n'etiti onye ọrịa na onye na-agwọ ọrịa. Lazarọs kwadoro maka mgbasawanye mmekọrịta karịa oge a haziri ahazi, na-ekwu na mmekọrịta karịrị oge ndị ọkachamara a haziri ga-abara ndị ọrịa uru. Lazarọs 'onwe ya ga-ekere òkè na nri, njem ahịa na agbamakwụkwọ na nkwenye na ọ ga-eme ka ikike mgbanwe nke ndị ọrịa sikwuo ike.

### Ụlọ Ọrụ Lazarọs
Ụlọ ọrụ Lazarọs (TLI) bụ ọrụ Lazarọs n'oge ndụ ya niile. Tọrọ ntọala ya na nwa ya nwoke Clifford na nwunye nwa ya nwanyị Donna, ebumnuche nke TLI bụ ịgbasa Cognitive-Behavior CHIPS Therapy; ụkpụrụ ha "Think Well - Act Well - Feel Well - Be Well" na-egosipụta uche ha na CBT. Otú ọ dị, Lazarọs gara n'ihu site n'inye onye ahịa ọ bụla atụmatụ ọgwụgwọ nke onwe ya iji bulie uru ha. TLI -akwalite ojiji ha na-eji omume sara mbara ebe ha na-anọgide na-agbanye mgbọrọgwụ na usoro ndị a kwadoro na sayensị.

## Nsọpụrụ

* Onye otu nke ngalaba atọ nke American Psychological Association (Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy, na Psychologists in Independent Practice) 
* Ihe nrite Ọrụ pụrụ iche - American Board of Professional Psychology
* Lifetime Achievement Award - Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies
* Onyinye Achievement nke Ndụ - California Psychological Association
* Cummings PSYCHE Award na-asọpụrụ onyinye maka usoro nnyefe ahụike jikọtara ọnụ
* Ihe nrite Albert Ellis Humanitarian 

## Edensibia