open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Ndị Agha Na-ahụ Maka Ọnọdụ Ihu igwe na Pacific

thumb|Ndị agha ihu igwe nke Pacific na-eme ngagharị iwe n'ụlọ akwụkwọ maka ihu igwe 2019 na Brisbane
Pacific Climate Warriors, ma ọ bụ **350 Pacific**, bụ òtù na-ahụ maka ikpe ziri ezi ihu igwe site na steeti agwaetiti Pacific, nke bụ akụkụ nke nzukọ gburugburu ebe obibi ụwa 350.org kemgbe 2011.

## Ụzọ e si eme ya
Ndị agha ihu igwe nke Pacific na-agwa ndị na-eme mkpebi okwu ma na-achọ ka mmetọ na ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ gafee ka e belata. Ha na-agba mbọ ichebe agwaetiti Pacific na ọdịbendị ha, ala na ebe obibi mmiri site na mgbanwe ihu igwe. Ha na-emegide ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala. Ozi ha bụ isi bụ: "Anyị anaghị anọ n'ime mmiri. Anyị na-alụ ọgụ". Ha na-ekere òkè na mkparịta ụka ihu igwe nke United Nations.

Site na ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ na mba iri na ise dị na mpaghara ahụ, ndị agha ihu igwe nke Pacific na-anwa ịkọwara ndị na-eto eto ihe mgbanwe ihu igwe na-esi na ya apụta na agwaetiti ahụ. N'ime nke a, ha chọrọ ịkpali ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ ịrụ ọrụ maka nchebe nke agwaetiti ahụ.

## Mgbochi ụgbọ mmiri 2014
Otu n'ime ihe ndị a ma ama ha mere bụ mkpọsa na Australia site na 8 ruo 25 Ọktoba 2014, isi ihe bụ nnupụisi obodo na 17 Ọktobe 2014 na Newcastle, ebe ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri coal kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa dị. N'ebe ahụ, ìgwè ahụ ji ụgbọ mmiri ọdịnala na kayak na enyemaka nke ọtụtụ narị ndị obodo Australia iji gbochie ụgbọ mmiri coal ịbanye ma pụọ n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ahụ. Dị ka otu ahụ si kwuo, ọ bụ naanị anọ n'ime ụgbọ mmiri iri na abụọ ga-agafe n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri n'ụbọchị ahụ nwere ike ime nke a, ebe ndị ọzọ niile nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'aka otu ahụ. E wuru ụgbọ mmiri ndị e ji mee ihe n'oge mgbochi ahụ n'àgwàetiti Pacific site na iji usoro ọdịnala ma jiri ụgbọ mmiri na-ebu ibu weta ha na Australia maka ọrụ ahụ.

N'ime mkpọsa ahụ, ha chọrọ ka ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ na mmanụ ala na mba ndị nwere nnukwu ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ na-aza ajụjụ maka omume ha na-emebi ihu igwe. Site n'ịkọ akụkọ banyere mmetụta nke mgbanwe ihu igwe na agwaetiti Pacific na akụkọ mgbasa ozi, ha chọrọ ịkwalite mmata banyere mkpa ọ dị ibelata gas na-ekpo ọkụ.

N'oge mkpọsa ahụ, ndị otu 30 sitere na mba 12 dị iche iche nke Pacific (gụnyere Fiji, Kiribati, Papua New Guinea, Republic of the Marshall Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu na Vanuatu) gara Australia.

## Nzukọ COP26 nke 2021
Ndị agha ihu igwe nke Pacific nọchitere anya na ngagharị iwe na London tupu mkparịta ụka ihu igwe nke COP26.

## Onyinye

* 2020: Pax Christi International Peace Award.

## Hụkwa

* Koreti Tiumalu

## Ihe odide
Oge awa ụwa

**Oge Ụwa** bụ òtù zuru ụwa ọnụ nke World Wildlife Fund (WWF) haziri. A na-eme ihe omume ahụ kwa afọ, na-agba ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu, obodo, na azụmaahịa ume ka ha gbanyụọ ọkụ eletrik ndị na-adịghị mkpa, maka otu awa site na 8:30 wee ruo 9:30 nke mgbede, na-abụkarị na Satọdee ikpeazụ nke ọnwa Machị, dị ka ihe nnọchianya nke mkpebi nye ụwa. A malitere ya dị ka ihe omume ọkụ na Sydney, Australia, na afọ 2007.

Site n'oge ruo n'oge, n'afọ ndị Satọdee Nsọ dara na Satọdee ikpeazụ nke Machị (dị ka na afọ 2024), a na-eme Oge Ụwa otu izu tupu mgbe ahụ.

N'afọ 2004, mgbe ha zutere nchọpụta sayensị, WWF Australia zutere ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi Leo Burnett Sydney iji "kparịta ụka maka itinye ndị Australia na nsogbu mgbanwe ihu igwe". E chepụtara echiche nke nnukwu mgbanyụ ọkụ ma mepụta ya na afọ 2006, na mbụ n'okpuru aha ọrụ "The Big Flick".  WWF Australia gosipụtara echiche ha na Fairfax Media bụ ndị, tinyere Sydney Lord Mayor Clover Moore, kwetara ịkwado ihe omume ahụ. E mere 2007 Earth Hour na ọnwa Machị ụbọchị nke iri atọ na otu na ọbọdọ Sydney, Australia na 7:30 pm, oge mpaghara.

N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2007, San Francisco mere mmemme nke ya "Lights Out" nke sitere na Sydney Earth Hour. Mgbe ihe omume ha gara nke ọma n'ọnwa Ọktoba, ndị na-ahazi ya kpebiri ịbịakọta n'azụ Oge Ụwa a na-eme atụmatụ maka ọnwa Machị nke afọ 2008.

E mere Earth Hour na afọ 2008 na mba ụwa na ọnwa Machị ụbọchị iri abụo na iteghete, na afọ 2008 site na elekere asatọ nke ehihie ruo elekere itoolu nke ehihie n'oge mpaghara, na-eme ncheta ncheta mbụ nke ihe omume ahụ. Mba iri atọ na ịse gburugburu ụwa sonyere dị ka obodo ndị isi na ihe karịrị obodo 400 kwadoro. Ihe ịrịba ama gburugburu ụwa gbanyụrụ ọkụ ha na-adịghị mkpa maka Oge Ụwa. Ụfọdụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ sonyere na ihe omume ahụ, ebe webụsaịtị Google na-aga "ọchịchịrị" n'ụbọchị ahụ.
Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei

**Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei** (FEEM) bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-enweghị uru, ụlọ ọrụ nyocha na-abụghị nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ụlọ ọrụ na Milan nwere ọfịs na Venice na Viggiano.
A na-ewere FEEM dị ka ebe nyocha mba ụwa na-eduga maka ọmụmụ nke ike na nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi. Ebumnuche nke Ntọala ahụ bụ imeziwanye nyocha nke ogo mkpebi ọha na eze na nke onwe.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei bụ nke ndị otu Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi (ENI) na ndị ọzọ haziri, malite na 1982. Nzukọ mbụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ mere na 1987, na-esetịpụ ụkpụrụ maka ọrụ ya.  A na-akpọ ya iji sọpụrụ Enrico Mattei, Onye isi ala nke Italian Republic Francesco Cossiga nabatara FEEM na June 7, 1989.

## Ịdu
Ka ọ na-erule 21 Septemba 2020, a họpụtara Alessandro Lanza dị ka onye isi nchịkwa nke Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei site na FEEM Board of Directors, na-anọchi Paolo Carnevale. Onye isi oche nke ndị nduzi FEEM bụ Lucia Calvosa.

## Ọrụ
Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei na-eme nnyocha ma na-enye nyocha ziri ezi n'ọtụtụ okwu metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi, ike na akụ na ụba ụwa.
FEEM na-arụ ọrụ na netwọk mba ụwa na nke interdisciplinary nke ndị nchọpụta na mmemme ọhụrụ, na-enye ma na-akwalite ọzụzụ na ngalaba nyocha pụrụ iche, na-agbasa nsonaazụ ọmụmụ ha site na ọwa nkwurịta okwu dị iche iche ma na-agwa ndị na-eme iwu site na itinye aka na nzukọ dị iche iche.

N'afọ 2009, FEEM na Giorgio Cini Foundation guzobere International Center for Climate Governance, nke a kpọrọ Initiative on Climate Change policy and Governance (ICCG) site na 2017.  ICCG dị na Venice na agwaetiti San Giorgio Maggiore.  Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka onye na-agbasa mba ụwa nke nyocha gbasara iwu mgbanwe ihu igwe na ọchịchị. N'afọ 2012, ICCG wepụtara nke mbụ n'usoro mba ụwa nke ndị na-eche echiche na-etinye aka na nyocha na sayensị mgbanwe ihu igwe, akụ na ụba, na iwu.

N'etiti ọrụ ndị ọzọ, n'ọnwa Eprel 2019 FEEM na-arụkọ ọrụ na Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN) iji kpọkọta otu ndị ọkachamara zuru ụwa ọnụ na teknụzụ decarbonization, nke mere ka akụkọ The Roadmap to 2050: A Manual for Countries to Decarbonize by Mid-Century.

## Njikọ mpụga

* Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị (nakwa n'asụsụ Bekee)
* Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Akwụkwọ Ọrụ, BE Press

## Ihe odide
Ndị Enyi Na-eto Eto nke Ụwa

Young Friends of the Earth Europe (**YFoEE**) bụ netwọk nke ndị na-eto eto na òtù **ndị** ntorobịa na-arukọ ọrụ ọnụ na nsogbu ikpe ziri ezi na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọ na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na mpaghara nta, mba na Europe, iji kpalie ndị na-eto eto, hazie omume na ihe omume ma nweta nlebara anya na mgbasa ozi, na-ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya na n'etiti ọha na eze n'okwu ndị dị mkpa maka ndị ntorobịa.

YFoEE bụ akụkụ nke Friends of the Earth, netwọk gburugburu ebe obibi kachasị ukwu n'ụwa. E guzobere ya na-afọ 2007 site n'aka ndị ntorobịa mba ndị nwere njikọ na ndị otu Friends of the Earth Europe. YFoEE bụkwa akụkụ nke International Youth Climate Movement.

## Ihe omume
N'afọ 2008, ndị otu YFoEE wegara ozi 2000 na mkparịta ụka mgbanwe ihu igwe UNFCCC na Poznan (COP 14), nke a chịkọtara site na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mba 20 na Europe, na ndị na-eto eto chọrọ ịkwụsị mgbanwe ihu igwe, nke e zigara ndị isi na mkparịta ụka ọrụ ihu igwe UN.

N'afọ 2009, e guzobere mkpọsa 'Act Now', nke YFoEE Climate Team duziri - otu ndị na-eto eto 40 si mba 15 dị iche iche si n'ofe Europe bụ ndị a zụrụ ka ha soro mkparịta ụka mgbanwe ihu igwe nke mba ụwa.  Ìgwè ndị nnọchiteanya ntorobịa, ndị gụnyere ndị nnọchite anya na-eto eto si South America na Eshia, gara mkparịta ụka UNFCCC na Copenhagen (COP 15) na Disemba 2009.  N'ime ọrụ Act Now, Young Friends of the Earth Europe haziri nzukọ mpaghara na Germany, Ireland, Sweden na France na ebumnuche ịkụziri ndị Europe na-eto eto banyere ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ihu igwe ma kpalie ha ime ihe. N'oge gara aga, otu ahụ zigakwara ndị nnọchi anya ndị ntorobịa na Bonn n'afọ 2008 na Bonn n'afọ 2009 (nchịkọta nke asaa nke AWG-KP na nke ise nke AWG -LCA).

N'afọ 2010, YFoEE kwadoro mkpokọta na COP16 UN Climate Talks na Cancún, Mexico, na Brussels, Belgium dị ka nnọkọ ọzọ na mkparịta ụka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mba ụwa na iwulite European Youth Climate Movement.

## Hụkwa

* BUNDjugend (*Ndị Enyi Na-eto eto nke Ụwa Germany*)
* Okike na Ndị Ntorobịa (*Ndị Enyi Na-eto eto nke Ụwa Norway*)
* Ndị Enyi nke Ụwa Europe
* Movement nke Ndị Ntorobịa
* Ndị Enyi nke Ụwa

## Edensibia
Osisi Analog

Analog forestry bụ ụzọ e si eme ka e weghachite gburugburu ebe obibi nke na-ewere usoro nke ịmepụta ọhịa na ọrụ nke ọrụ ọhịa dị oke mkpa n'ịmepụta usoro gburugburu ebe **obibi** na-adịgide adịgide nke a na-akọwa site na oke biodiversity na biomass. Analogue forestry na-eji ngwakọta nke ihe ọmụma ọdịnala na nke sayensị iji melite ikike mmepụta nke imewe mweghachi kama ime ka mmepụta nke otu ihe ọkụkụ dịkwuo ukwuu, ma mee ka ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi dịkwuo elu site n'ịbawanye oke nke akụkụ photosynthetic.

Analogue forestry na-adọta ntinye imewe ọ bụghị naanị site na ụdị ọdịnala kamakwa site na usoro okike nke ọhịa. Mgbe e mere usoro okike ka ọ bụrụ ihe yiri ọnọdụ njedebe nke ụmụ amaala, enwere ike imepụtaghachi arụmọrụ na usoro okike. A na-emepụta oké ọhịa ndị a na-abụghị nke okike iji ṅomie akụkụ nhazi na ọrụ nke oké ọhịa ndị nwe ala ma na-akpọ ha oké ọhịa analog. Na mgbakwunye na njirimara gburugburu ebe obibi ha, a na-emekwa ọhịa analog iji nye uru akụ na ụba. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụghị ruo mgbe niile ihe niile a chọrọ maka gburugburu ebe obibi nke ebe ahụ ruru ka a na-atụle uru akụ na ụba nke ụdị. Ya mere, oké ọhịa analog nwere ike ịgụnye ụdị okike na nke dị iche iche n'ụzọ ọ bụla, onyinye maka nhazi na ọrụ bụ ihe kachasị mkpa nke na-ekpebi ojiji ya.

Ntọala echiche malitere na 1978 na San Diego na Guatemala. Ọ bụ Ranil Senanayake mere ya na Sri Lanka n'ihe dị ka afọ 1981 dị ka ihe ọzọ na monocultures nke *Pinus* na *Eucalyptus* ma gbasaa India, Vietnam, Philippines, Australia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Honduras, Mexico, Canada, Kenya na Zimbabwe ugbu a.

A na-akwado International Analog Forestry Network (IAFN) ugbu a na Costa Rica.

Analog Forestry bụ usoro silviculture nke na-achọ imepụta, ịhazi na jikwaa gburugburu ebe obibi nke osisi perennials na-achị. Ejiri ya n'ọrụ na mpaghara okpomọkụ ma ọ bụ ebe okpomọkụ, mana enwere ike iji ya na mpaghara okpomọkụ. Nhazi ahụ na-achọ iṅomi ihe owuwu ụkpụrụ ụlọ na ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi nke ahịhịa na-adịbu na njedebe nke mpaghara, ma nwee ike ịmepụta ya iji nye uru akụ na ụba, ọha na eze na gburugburu ebe obibi.

Analog ọhịa na-atụle mgbe niile nsonye nke ụdị ndị na-abụghị ihe ubi ka a ga-atụle na nhazi ahụ wee si otú a na-ekwu banyere nsonye nke ụdị ndụ dị iche iche na nhazi ahụ. Dị ka analọg ọhịa na-achọkwara nsonye nke ogologo ndụ ụdị osisi na imewe o nwere ike sequester carbon ruo ogologo oge karịa ihe ọkụkụ. Anụ ọhịa Analogue nwere ike iwepụta ụkpụrụ dị elu nke photosynthetic biomass ka imewe ya na-achọ itinye n'ụdị uto niile nke na-ejide oghere akụkụ atọ nke ọhịa amaala tozuru okè. Site na itinye ọtụtụ ụdị ihe ọkụkụ n'otu mpaghara oke ọhịa analọg na-enyere aka gbasaa ihe ize ndụ nke ọdịda ahịa n'otu ihe ọkụkụ.

## Hụkwa
 

* Ịkọ ubi n'ọhịa

## Ihe odide

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Analog Forestry dị ka Ngwá Ọrụ Nchekwa, Tiger Paper, Vol XIV no2 PP25-29 FAO, Bangkok
* 

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
* 
* Ma ENDS Analog Forestry Information Package
Ihe ngosi Ọhịa nke Mbụ nke Mba Nile

Ihe ngosi mbụ nke oke ohia nke mba ụwa bụ ihe ngosi ụwa nke emere na 1884 bụ ọgbakọ mba ụwa izizi gbadoro anya na oke ọhịa. Ndị Marquess nke Lothian meghere ya ma nọrọ na ogige Donaldson's College, Edinburgh, Scotland.
thumb|150x150px|Kọleji Donaldson

## Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga
N'etiti narị afọ nke 19, Briten chere ihu mbelata akụrụngwa sitere na mpaghara mpaghara India (mgbe ahụ British India) wee tụgharịa, n'okpuru nduzi sitere n'aka Cleghorn gaa n'ịkwalite ọkachamara n'ọhịa n'ụlọ, na India. N'ọgwụgwụ narị afọ nke 19 na Scotland, nke hiwere ugbu a dị ka ebe Britain maka oke ọhịa na agụmakwụkwọ oke ọhịa na-aga nke ọma na guzobere na Dehradun, emere ngosi a. A na-akpọ obodo dị iche iche na mpaghara ka ha mepụta akwụkwọ na ihe ngosi ngwaahịa maka ikpe site n'aka ndị ọrụ Britain na ndị India.

Ndị sonyere (na mgbakwunye na India na ndị ọbịa United Kingdom) gụnyere Cape Colony, India na Poland. Akpọrọ Chile òkù mana ọ gaghị aga n'ihi "ihe mberede a tụrụ anya ya".

## Ihe ngosi
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|75x75px|Apodytes dimidiata
Ihe ngosi gụnyere trugs, map na akwụkwọ sitere na mba ndị sonyere, osisi fir dara ada na-etolite na ya na isi iyi.

Lants ndị e gosipụtara gụnyere igbe igbe na ụdị dị iche iche, na pear ọcha nke ndịda Africa, Apodytes dimidiata (nke a na-akpọghị aha dị ka Pterocelastrus rostratus))

## Ndị Nleta
Mgbe ahụ, Prince na Princess of Wales gara na 22 ma ọ bụ 2 Ọgọstụ ebe ha nyochara ihe ngosi sitere na mpaghara na mpaghara na-ahụ osisi dị mma site na Andaman na Nicobar.

R.A.Cross, odeakwụkwọ nke steeti maka India gosipụtara osisi si Malabar na ngosi ahụ.

## Ihe Nketa
Osisi ahụ R.A.Cross gosipụtara (n'elu) gafere na Ngalaba Ọhịa na Ihe Ndị Dị n'Oké Ọdịdị, Mahadum Edinburgh, wee gaa na kansụl mahadum ahụ nke jiri ya mee ka ogwe osisi ha.

## Hụkwa

* Ọhịa na India#Akụkọ ihe mere eme, tupu 1947
* Ọhịa na Scotland
* International Union of Forest Research Organizations
* Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Edinburgh

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ihe osise nke George Sutherland nke ngosi ahụ na-egosi ihe ngosi ahụ n'ihu, na kọleji Donaldson n'azụ

## Ihe odide
Ihe Omume Mba Nile Maka Ọdịdị Mmadụ

International Human Dimensions Programme

Abbreviation	IHDP

Formation	1990; 33 years ago

Type	INGO

Legal status	Dissolved

Region served	Worldwide

Official language	English

Parent organization	International Social Science Council (ISSC)

Website	IHDP Official website

The International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change (**IHDP**) bụ mmemme nyocha nke na-amụ akụkụ mmadụ na nke ọha mmadụ nke mgbanwe ụwa.

IHDP bu n'uche ịhazi, mepụta ma jikọta nyocha sayensị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na mgbanwe ụwa, ma kwalite itinye n'ọrụ nchọpụta ya. Ọ gbasiri mbọ ike ịmepụta usoro nyocha nke na-etinye ọha mmadụ n'etiti arụmụka ahụ, na-ele nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi zuru ụwa ọnụ dị ugbu a dị ka ihe ịma aka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.

Ọrụ IHDP jikọtara ìgwè ndị na-eme nchọpụta dị iche iche na nke mba dị iche iche iji rụọ ọrụ na sayensị mmekọrịta ogologo oge. Ọrụ mbụ ya n'ime ngalaba sayensị nyere idu ndú na nhọpụta na mmepe nke isiokwu maka nyocha lekwasịrị anya na ịkpali obodo sayensị ịhazi mbọ ha na isiokwu ndị a n'ime usoro ọrụ ya.

E mere nnyocha IHDP site na ọrụ iri. Ọrụ isi isii ya, lekwasịrị anya n'otú ụmụ mmadụ si emetụta ma metụta mgbanwe ihu igwe, na isiokwu ụfọdụ gụnyere nchekwa mmadụ, ime obodo, mgbanwe ụlọ ọrụ na ọchịchị gburugburu ebe obibi ka ha na-emetụta mgbanwe ụwa. Abụọ n'ime ọrụ isii ya bụkwa ọrụ ndị bụ isi nke International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) ma lekwasị anya kpọmkwem na usoro gburugburu ebe obibi mmadụ dịka iji ala eme ihe, na mpaghara osimiri. O nwekwara ọrụ jikọrọ aka anọ na usoro carbon nke ụwa, usoro mmiri, ahụike mmadụ na usoro nri na mmemme nyocha mgbanwe ụwa atọ ndị ọzọ (ESSP).

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
IHDP malitere dị ka Human Dimensions Programme (HDP) na 1990 site na International Social Science Council (ISSC). E guzobere ya n'okpuru aha mmechi ya International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change site na ISSC na International Council for Science (ICSU) na 1996. N'afọ 2006, Mahadum United Nations sonyeere ISSC na ICSU dị ka onye na-akwado IHDP. Nzukọ ahụ mechiri ọnụ ụzọ ya na July 2014.

## Odeakwụkwọ
Secretariat nke IHDP dị na United Nations Campus na Bonn, Germany, Mahadum United Nations kwadoro ya.

## Njikọ Sayensị nke Usoro Ụwa (ESSP)
IHDP bụ onye mmekọ nke Earth System Science Partnership tinyere International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme, World Climate Research Programme, na DIVERSITAS mmemme mba ụwa maka nyocha biodiversity.

## Ọrụ

* Mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi ụwa na nchekwa mmadụ (GECHS)
* Obodo mepere emepe na Global Environmental Change Project (UGEC)
* Mgbanwe ụlọ ọrụ (IHDP-IT)
* Integrated Risk Governance Project (IRG-P)
* Ọrụ Gọọmentị Ụwa (ESG)
* Mmekọrịta Ala na Oké Osimiri na Mpaghara Coastal (LOICZ)
* Global Land Project (GLP)
* Global Carbon Project (GCP)
* Global Water Systems Projects (GWSP)
* Mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi ụwa na ahụike mmadụ (GECHH)
* Mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi na usoro nri ụwa (GECAFS)

## Ihe odide
E gwupụtara ya (mbipụta ya)

thumb|''Unearthed'' logo
Unearthed bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ naenyocha gburugburu ebe obibi nke ụlọ ọrụ naenweghị uru Greenpeace UK naarụ ọrụ.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
*E* hiwere Unearthed dị ka Energy Desk na 2012 dị ka onye mmekọ nke otu ndị naahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi Greenpeace. Nafọ 2015, ọ goro otu nyocha ma gbasaa ọrụ ya.  A natara ndị nta akụkọ sitere na BBC, *The New York Times*, na akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ.

## Ọrụ
, *Unearthed* has a staff of nine, which is supplemented by a network of freelancers. All of its funding comes from Greenpeace, but it maintains editorial autonomy.

## Mgbasa ozi a ma ama
Unarned emebiwo ọtụtụ akụkọ ndị nwetara mgbasa ozi zuru oke site na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi.

Nafọ 2015, ndị nta akụkọ ya mere ka ha bụrụ ndị nnọchi anya ụlọ ọrụ ike ma kpughee ndị ọkà mmụta dị njikere ide akwụkwọ naakwado ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala iji gbanwere ego nzuzo.

N'afọ 2018, ọ naedekọ onye nduzi nke Institute of Economic Affairs, Mark Littlewood, naenye ndị ọrụ gọọmentị UK ohere iji gbanwere onyinye. Mgbapụta ahụ dugara na nyocha abụọ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.

Nafọ 2020, o jiri arịrịọ ndekọ ọha na eze mee ihe iji kpughee na BP nwere ihe ịga nke ọma nịgba ọchịchị Trump ume ka ọ belata Iwu Iwu Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Mba.

Nafọ 2021, ndị nta akụkọ ya mere ka ha bụrụ ndị naewe ndị ọrụ ma ghọgbuo onye naakwado ExxonMobil ka ọ kpughee nkọwa nke mbọ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ naagba iji megide atụmatụ ihu igwe nke gọọmentị Biden.

## Nnakwere
A naeto ihe *e gwupụtara* nala maka akụkọ ndị ọ gbawara. Ụfọdụ ndị naekiri ihe naemenụ ahụ ekwuola na enwere ike inwe nchegbu gbasara omume na ịkọ akụkọ, yana ịrụ ọrụ nzuzo nke naagụnye isi mmalite naeduhie eduhie. 

## Ihe odide
Ogige Ntụrụndụ Ụwa

World Park Base bụ ụlọ ọrụ Antarctic naabụghị nke gọọmentị nafọ niile nke dị na Cape Evans na Ross Island na Ross Dependency. Òtù naahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi nke mba ụwa bụ Greenpeace guzobere World Park Base na 1987 iji mee ka ọchịchọ ya maka mba Antarctic Treaty ikwupụta kọntinent Antarctica dị ka ogige ntụrụndụ ụwa. Nke a gaeme ka kọntinent ahụ dum ghara inwe ike iji ya eme ihe na mmetọ, ma kwe ka ọ bụrụ naanị nyocha sayensị. Greenpeace mechiri ma kwatuo ụlọ ọrụ ahụ kpamkpam na 1992.

Omumee gọọmentị dị netiti mba Antarctic Treaty bụ na a gaeleghara World Park Base anya na enweghị enyemaka ọ bụla enyere ya, ọ bụ ezie na New Zealand, nke naekwu na ikike maka Ross Dependency (n'agbanyeghị na nkwupụta mpaghara niile dị nokpuru Antarctic Treaty), gaara enye aka ma ọ bụrụ na ọnọdụ naeyi ndụ egwu bilitere.

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta nke ụlọ nyocha Antarctic
* Ndepụta nke ogige Antarctic

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ogige Ntụrụndụ Greenpeace World Base 1987-92
* Greenpeace na Antarctica
* Ịmepụta Ogige Ntụrụndụ Ụwa Antarctica
Otu esi agbanwe ụwa (ihe nkiri)

Otu esi agbanwe ụwa bụ ihe nkiri nke Jerry Rothwell duziri ma dee (Deep Water). Ọ naedekọ otú ndị guzobere Greenpeace si mepụta òtù akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ. 

## Nkọwa
Nafọ 1971, otu obere ìgwè ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe si Vancouver, Canada jiri ụgbọ mmiri naegbu azụ iji gbalịa ịkwụsị nnwale bọmbụ nuklia nke Richard Nixon na Amchitka, Alaska. Omume ha dọtara uche ọha na eze ma nke a mesịrị duga nịgba ọsọ ndụ zuru ụwa ọnụ ma bụrụ ndị ọsụ ụzọ na ntọala Greenpeace. 

Ihe nkiri ahụ naelekwasị anya na onye naeme ihe ike Robert Hunter na òkè ya nịmepụta Greenpeace, nke a haziri site na iwu ise nke itinye aka site na ihe odide Hunter. 

## Ndị naeme ihe nkiri

* Barry Pepper dị ka olu Bob Hunter, naeje ozi dị ka onye na-akọ akụkọ
* Bill Darnel
* David Garrick
* Onye naachụ nta Bobbi
* Emily Hunter
* Will Jackson
* George Korotva
* Myron McDonald
* Ịchụ Ọkụ
* Patrick Moore
* Ron Precious
* Paul Spong
* Carlie Truman
* Paul Watson
* Rex Weyler

## Ntọhapụ na ahịa
Ihe ngosi ahụ malitere na 2015 Sundance Film Festival, na-emeri World Cinema Documentary Special Jury Award for Editing na Candescent Award. E wepụtara ụgbọala naadọkpụ mbụ na July 30, 2015.

Na Septemba 9, 2015, Picturehouse gosipụtara ihe ngosi ahụ na 120 UK na 70 US cinemas, (nke e gosipụtara na Fathom Events steeti), nke ajụjụ na azịza satellite sochiri na Rothwell, onye na-emepụta ejiji na onye na-akwado Greenpeace Vivienne Westwood na nwa nwanyị nke onye isi oche mbụ nke Greenpeace, Emily Hunter.

## Nnakwere
Ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara nyocha dị mma. Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nchịkọta nyocha Rotten Tomatoes kọrọ na 86% nkwado, na nkezi nke 8/10.

Dennis Harvey toro ihe nkiri ahụ na Variety naekwu, "Goldmine nke 16mm color footage, nke ndị naakwado mgbasa ozi ya maara nke ọma noge ahụ, nọ nọnọdụ mint, naegosi obi ụtọ na ntụrụndụ nke mmegharị ahụ noge mbụ ya. " Kate Taylor nke The Globe and Mail nyere ihe nkiri ahụ kpakpando 3 n'ime kpakpando 4, naagbakwụnye na "Ihe ọ bụla ị chere banyere ihe omume Greenpeace naadịghị echebara echiche nke ọma kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ, Otu esi agbanwe ụwa bụ *akụkọ* naadọrọ mmasị nke otu onye naahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi nke njikọ dị ịrịba ama nke ihe ọmụma, ụzụ na oge. " The Toronto Star dere "Ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe nkiri "achọta", ọ naeji ihe nkiri 1,500 echekwara 16 mm naagbakwunye ajụjụ ọnụ ọhụrụ na ụfọdụ ihe nkiri".

### Ndị a nabatara
Ihe nkiri ahụ enwetala otuto dị iche iche dịka ndị edepụtara n'okpuru ebe a.

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Otu esi agbanwe Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ
* 
* How to Change the World at Rotten Tomatoes
* How to Change the World at Metacritic
Mba! (Obodo ukwu EP)

Non! bụ egwuregwu gbasaa site naka ndị egwu egwu Scotland bụ Obodo ukwu, nke a tọhapụrụ na UK na 1995 dị ka ihe ngosi mmata maka Greenpeace. Non! ruru No. 77 na UK Singles Chart na Disemba 1995.

## Ihe ndị mere noge gara aga
 
A tọhapụrụ Non! dị ka ihe omuma mmata maka Greenpeace na mkpọsa ha megide nnwale nuklia nke France na Moruroa. A tọhapụrụ EP ahụ ngwa ngwa na Nọvemba 1995 iji "gbakwunye ike na mmegharị ahụ na ịnwa ịnakọta ego dị mkpa". A hazikwara njem njem UK nke otu ahụ na ngwụcha afọ 1995 iji baara Greenpeace uru ma mee ka a mara banyere mkpọsa ahụ.

Atọ nime abụ anọ dị na egwu ahụ sitere na abọm studio nke asaa nke otu ahụ bụ Why the Long Face . Adamson kpughere na nkwupụta mgbasa ozi metụtara EP: "Nime egwu anyị nwere na Ihe mere e ji nwee ihu ogologo, "Bọọlụ Nkwukọrịta Nuklia" na "Blue na mbara ala ndụ ndụ" yiri ka ọ kachasị mma. Anyị anọwo na njem noge okpomọkụ niile nihi ya, ọ dị mwute ikwu na oge adịghị iji dekọọ egwu ọhụrụ ọ bụla.

Non! rutere na No. 77 na UK Singles Chart. E wepụtara egwu EP anọ "Bọọlụ Nkwukọrịta Nuklia" dị ka otu egwu nkwalite iji mepụta egwu redio.

Onye njikwa otu ahụ bụ Ian Grant gwara ndị otu Country Club fanzine na 1996: "Ọ dịghị ego e nwetara iji kwuo maka EP mana e nwetara ihe karịrị £ 10,000 na njem ahụ, a kpọtara ndị otu ọhụrụ ma mepụta ọtụtụ mgbasa ozi. "

## Mmeghachi omume nkatọ
Music Week kwuru na e nwere "ihe naadịghị mma na EP anọ naemegide nuklia". JT Griffith nke AllMusic nyere EP atọ nime kpakpando ise ma kọwaa "All Go Together" dị ka "ụzọ dị ịrịba ama", na "ihe gbasara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke EP nyere egwu ọhụrụ na obi mgbawa".

## Ndepụta egwu

; CD EP

# "Post Nuclear Talking Blues" - 3:22
# "Anya anụnụ nelu mbara ala naacha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ" - 4:52
# "Onye Mmejọ Ukwu Chineke" - 4:50
# "Ha niile naaga notu" (Acoustic) - 3:19

; CD otu (promo)

# "Post Nuclear Talking Blues" - 3:22

## Ndị ọrụ
**Mba Ukwu**

* Stuart Adamson - olu, ụbọ
* Bruce Watson - ụbọ
* Tony Butler - bass, olu nkwado
* Mark Brzezicki - ịgbà, ụda, olu nkwado

**Mmepụta**

* Chris Sheldon - onye naemepụta egwu niile ma e wezụga "All Go Together"
* Big Country - ndị naemepụta (egwu niile)

**Ndị ọzọ**

* S.W.I.M. Multimedia - Ihe osise Chirac

## Chaatị

## Ihe odide
Egwurugwu dike (egwuregwu vidio)

Egwurugwu dike bụ egwuregwu vidio maka kọmputa ụlọ nke Greenpeace mepụtara, nke e mepụtara na Isi mmalite Ụlọ Ngwa ngwa ma bipụta ya na MicroStyle na 1989. E wepụtara nsụgharị maka Commodore 64, Amiga na Atari ST. Egwuregwu ahụ bụ nchịkọta nke obere egwuregwu nke metụtara mkpọsa gburugburu ebe obibi na omume Greenpeace n'oge 1980s. Akwụkwọ nta e biri ebi nke nwere ozi ndị ọzọ gbasara mkpọsa gburugburu ebe obibi sonyeere egwuregwu ahụ. Emere ya na United Kingdom ma kwuo na ọ bụ "software mbụ naahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi". Emere egwuregwu ahụ nụzọ iwu n'ụgbọ Rainbow Warrior II na Doug Faulkner na Jonathan Smales naanọchite anya Greenpeace.

## Ọganihu
Ọ bụ Tony Gibson na Mark Harrison haziri egwuregwu ahụ dabere na echiche mbụ nke Stevie Harrison. Ọ bụ Paul Summers dere egwu ahụ. Ọ bụ Dave Semmens, Adrian Scothey na Ian Richards haziri Atari ST, ya na ndị naese ihe nkiri nke John Cassells, Tony Fawcett, Mark Scott na Bryn Redman.

## Ihe odide
Louis-Pierre Dillais

**Louis-Pierre Dillais** bụ onye ọchụnta ego French. O kwetara na ya naetinye aka na mmiri nke Egwurugwu dike najụjụ ọnụ ya na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi New Zealand State TVNZ na 2005. Admiral Pierre Lacoste gwara *New Zealand Herald* na 2005 na Dillais abụghị akụkụ nke "ìgwè nke atọ".

## Ndụ
Dị ka Greenpeace si kwuo, nna nwunye ya bụ onye bụbu Minista Naahụ Maka Mba Ọzọ Jean François-Poncet. 
Nafọ 1994, Minista na-ahụ maka nchekwa nke France bụ François Léotard họpụtara Dillais dị ka onye isi nke ụlọ ọrụ onwe onye nke Minista na naahụ Maka nchekwa, naahụkwa maka ihe nzuzo ndị agha. 
Dillais "arụrụ ọrụ maka odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke 'Defense National', nke dị na Prime Ministeral Services, nke na-ahụ maka ihe omume Europe-Atlantic".

Akụkọ 1996 na Times nke London, dị ka Harper's *Magazine* si kwuo, jikọtara ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ịgba chaa chaa metụtara ngwá agha.

A kọrọ na ọ bi na Virginia na 2007.

Nafọ 2012, De Standaard dere na ọ bụbu onye ọrụ DGSE, ebe Greenpeace kpọrọ ya onye naeyi ọha egwu. 
*De Morgen* kọrọ na ọ nọ nọkwá dị elu na FN Herstal U.S. operations unit kemgbe afọ 2005.

Minista Jean-Claude Marcourt gbachitere ọnọdụ Dillais dị ka " mkpebi dị nime site na FN Herstal. " na Rainbow Warrior bụ "ihe dị n'etiti French".
Nịzaghachi ajụjụ ndị omeiwu nke Bert Anciaux banyere Dillais, Minista Joëlle Milquet kwuru na ọ gaenyocha usoro nyocha azụmaahịa notu ìgwè ọrụ, nke e mere maka ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ na ngalaba ndị ọzọ.

Nafọ 2012, Greenpeace kpọrọ oku ka a chụpụ ya.

## Ihe odide

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Alain Mafart

**Alain Mafart** (amụrụ nafọ 1951) bụ onye agha French nke a maara nke ọma maka òkè ya na bọmbụ nke Rainbow Warrior .

Mafart bụ onye ọrụ DGSE na osote onye isi nke DGSE Training Centre na Corsica. Ọ kwadoro ndị otu mmebi nke gara New Zealand ma tụọ bọmbụ ma kpuo ụgbọ mmiri Greenpeace Rainbow Warrior, naegbu  naese foto Fernando Pereira.

Ndị uwe ojii New Zealand jidere ya, kweta na ikpe mara ya maka igbu ọchụ ma maa ya ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ iri na 22 Nọvemba 1985. Nịgbaso nrụgide ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị siri ike sitere na France na ndị enyi ya na ogbugbo nke United Nations kwadoro netiti New Zealand na France na July 1986, a chụgara Mafart nàgwàetiti Hao na French Polynesia ka ọ rụọ ọrụ afọ atọ. Na nzaghachi, France rịọrọ New Zealand mgbaghara ma kwụọ New Zealand $ 6.5 nde.

Otú ọ dị, na 14 Disemba 1987, Mafart laghachiri Paris mgbe ọ mere mkpesa banyere mgbu afọ. Mgbe a gwọchara ya, a kpọghachighị ya nàgwàetiti ahụ ma na 1988 o debanyere aha na ọmụmụ afọ abụọ na École de Guerre (War College) na Paris.

E buliri Mafart nọkwa ka ọ bụrụ colonel nọnwa Disemba afọ 1993. Dị ka Le Monde si kwuo, Mafart naeje ozi nakụkụ Paris nụlọ ọrụ nwere ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ iwu, gụnyere nke ndị agha nzuzo.

Onye isi ya noge Rainbow Warrior ghọrọ *onye* enyemaka nke Minista Nchebe Francois Léotard.

O dere akwụkwọ "Carnets secrets d'un nageur de combat: Du Rainbow Warrior aux glaces de l'Arctique" (*akwụkwọ* ndekọ nzuzo nke onye naegwu mmiri agha": site na Rainbow Warrion ruo Arctic ices) nke metụtara ọrụ ya na bọmbụ ahụ. [citation needed] *paragraf 1-7*

Mafart mechara bụrụ onye naese foto, na 2016 bụ onye ikpeazụ na Natural History Museum's Wildlife Photographer of the Year award. Nafọ 2014, nokpuru aha Alain Mafart-Renodier, a họọrọ otu nime foto ya maka itinye ya na kalenda Greenpeace nke mba ụwa. Mgbe ha matara onye naese foto ahụ bụ, Greenpeace USA bibiri kalenda 14,000 ọ nwere nahịa mana ha enweghị ike igbochi ọtụtụ ndị ka a naere ha nihu ọha.

## Ihe odide

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Xavier Maniguet

**Xavier Maniguet** (17 Ọktoba 1946 - 22 Machị 2009) bụ onye edemede ahụike nke France, dọkịta na onye ọrụ nzuzo (DGSE).

Ya na Roland Verge, Gerald Andries na Jean-Michel Barcelo, Maniguet tụrụ bọmbụ na Egwurugwu dike na New Zealand's Auckland Harbour na 10 July 1985.

Ọ bụ ọkachamara na ọgwụ ụgbọ elu, ọgwụ hyperbaric na ọgwụ egwuregwu, ọ nwụrụ na 23 Machị 2009 na njikwa nke ụgbọ elu dị nelu ice dị nso na St. Sorlin St. Sorline dArves, mgbe ọ kwụsịrị nọdụ ụgbọ elu na Meribel (France).

## Akwụkwọ

* [Ihe e dere nala ala peeji]
* Survivre, comment merie en milieu hostile, Albin Michel, 1988, (Survival, otu esi emeri na gburugburu ebe obibi ndị iro, Facts On File Inc, 1994)
* *Ndị ụgbọ mmiri kpuru Olee otú ị gaesi dịrị ndụ noké osimiri*Filipacchi, 1989
* *Onye nduzi nke* nwoke naeme ihe, Albin Michel, 1990
* [Ihe e dere nala ala peeji]
* [Ihe e dere nala ala peeji]
* Ị na Ugwu, Onye Nduzi bara uru, Albin Michel, 2000
* *Ka mma ịdị. Ịnọ ndụ ogologo oge nọnọdụ zuru oke, nenweghị mkpụrụ ọgwụ, naenweghị nrụgide*, 2005
* *Onye France naatụ bọmbụ. Nikpeazụ, eziokwu banyere Rainbow Warrior*2007
* *Obi dị mma ibi na nrụgide gị. Uru nke usoro Emostress*[Ihe e dere nala ala peeji]

## Ihe odide
Fernando Pereira

**Fernando Pereira** (10 Mee 1950 - 10 Julaị 1985) bụ onye na-ese foto nefu nke Portugal-Dutch,  mmiri riri mgbe ndị ọrụ nzuzo nke France (DGSE) gbagburu bọmbụ wee mikpuo Egwurugwu dike, nke ụlọ ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi Greenpeace nwere na 10 Julayi 1985.

E mere bọmbụ nke ụgbọ mmiri ahụ iji mee ka ụgbọ mmiri ahụ ghara ịzọpụta. Bọmbụ mbụ dị obere gbagọrọ oghere propeller, naeme ka nrụzi ghara ịdị mma. Pereira nọrọ nime ụgbọ mmiri iji nweta igwefoto ya na ngwá ọrụ ndị ọzọ. Mgbawa nke abụọ, nke dị ike karị, nke e mere iji kpuo ụgbọ mmiri ahụ, kpatara nnukwu mmiri nke mmiri nke mikpuru Pereira.

Egwurugwu dike duziri ìgwè ụgbọ mmiri naeme ngagharị iwe megide nnwale nuklia nke France na Mururoa Atoll na Tuamotu Archipelago nke French Polynesia ma naachọ ịhapụ Auckland maka mkpọsa nke ngosipụta iwu na mmiri mba ụwa dị nso na ebe ndị agha France na Moruroa Atol.

## Mmelite ndị ọzọ
Nụbọchị ncheta nke iri abụọ nke mmiri ahụ, a kpughere na onye isi ala France bụ François Mitterrand ji aka ya nye ikike ịtụ bọmbụ ahụ. Admiral Pierre Lacoste kwuru na ọnwụ Pereira dị arọ na akọ na uche ya. Ọzọkwa na ncheta ahụ, Television New Zealand chọrọ ịnweta ndekọ vidiyo mere na ikpe mbụ ebe ndị ọrụ abụọ ahụ kwetara na ikpe mara ha. Ihe nkiri ahụ anọgidewo naedechi na ndekọ ụlọ ikpe ebe ọ bụ na obere oge ka mmechi nke ikpe mpụ ahụ gasịrị. Ndị ọrụ abụọ ahụ naemegide ntọhapụ nke ihe nkiri ahụ - nagbanyeghị na ha abụọ ritere uru site na ide akwụkwọ nonwe ha banyere ihe merenụ - ma wegara ikpe ahụ na Ụlọikpe Mkpegharị Ikpe nke New Zealand na, nikpeazụ, Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke New Zealand.

Nafọ 2006, Antoine Royal, nwanne nwoke nke onye France naazọ ọkwa onye isi ala Ségolène Royal, kpughere najụjụ ọnụ na nwanne ha nwoke, Gérard Royal, onye bụbu onye ọrụ nzuzo nke France, bụ onye ọrụ nke tinyere bọmbụ na Rainbow Warrior.

## Foto ndị Pereira sere

## Ihe odide
Dominique Prieur

**Dominique Prieur** (amụrụ nafọ 1949) bụ onye agha French nke a mara ikpe igbu ọchụ maka òkè ya na Egwurugwu dike

## Akụkọ ndụ
Prieur sonyeere ndị agha nafọ 1974 ma bụrụ onye ọrụ nzuzo n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 1977.

### Mmiri nke Egwurugwu dike
Prieur rụrụ ọrụ na ngalaba nchịkọta ihe ọmụma na nyocha nke French Secret Service, Direction Générale de la Sécurité Extérieure (DGSE). Ọ bụ ọkachamara na òtù udo nke Europe ma bụrụ onye nchịkwa nke Christine Cabon. E zigara Cabon na Auckland nọnwa Eprel nafọ 1985, ebe ọ banyere nọfịs Greenpeace wee chịkọta ozi maka Prieur na onye ọrụ ibe ya Alain Mafart. Nọnwa Julaị n'afọ 1985, Prieur na Mafart si Corsica banye New Zealand na paspọtụ Switzerland nyere aha ha bụ Sophie na Alain Turenge, di na nwunye ọhụrụ naaga ezumike. > Ntuziaka ha bụ ka ha mikpuo Egwurugwu dike ka gọọmentị France naenyo enyo na a gaeji ya mee mkpesa maka nnwale nuklia naabịanụ na Mururoa atoll na South Pacific. Ọrụ Prieur bụ nhazi nke ọrụ ahụ, na mwepụ nke ndị ọrụ si na mba ahụ mgbe bọmbụ ahụ gasịrị.

Prieur na Mafart wetara ndị frogmen abụọ ogbunigwe limpet ka ha kụọ nụgbọ mmiri ahụ nabalị nke 10 Julaị 1985. Mgbawa ahụ mikpuru ụgbọ mmiri ahụ ma gbuo onye na-ese foto Fernando Pereira.

Ndị uwe ojii New Zealand jidere ha nime awa 30 nke bọmbụ ahụ, ma boo ha ebubo igbu Pereira. A kpọfere Prieur nụlọ mkpọrọ ụmụ nwanyị nke Christchurch ma debe ya nebe ahụ ka ọ naechere ikpe. Prieur kwupụtara ebubo igbu ọchụ na mmebi iwu nụlọ ikpe mpaghara Auckland, a mara ya ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ iri na 22 Nọvemba 1985. Mgbe nrụgide ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị siri ike sitere na France na ndị enyi ya, gọọmentị New Zealand kwetara na mkpebi ikpe nke United Nations na July 1986 nke hụrụ ka a kpọfere ha abụọ naka ndị France na agwaetiti Hao na French Polynesia.

E zigara di Prieur, Joel Prieur, onye ọrụ nke Ngalaba Nchebe, na Hao obere oge ka a chụgara ya ebe ahụ. Na 6 Mee 1988 a laghachiri ya na France nihi na ọ dị ime, a kpọkwara ya dike mba. Ọ laghachighị na Hao.

Ọ bụ ezie na otu kọmitii Arbitration nke UN chọpụtara na France emebiela ọrụ ya na New Zealand ọtụtụ ugboro site niwepụ ndị ọrụ na Hao, ma ghara iweghachi ha, ọ jụrụ nkwupụta nke New Zealand na Mafart na Prieur laghachiri nihi na oge ha kwesịrị ịnọ ebe ahụ adaala.

### Ọrụ ya mgbe e mesịrị
Nafọ 1989, e buliri Prieur ka ọ bụrụ Major, ka ọ naerule afọ 2002, e buliri ya ka ọ bụrụ Commandant.

Prieur bipụtara akwụkwọ "Agent secrète" (Secret Agent) na 1995 gbasara ọrụ ya na bọmbụ ahụ. Banyere ọnwụ Pereira, o dere "Anyị tụrụ egwu ma wụọ egwu. Anyị abịaghị ebe a igbu onye ọ bụla. "

Nafọ 2005, Prieur na Marfart rịọrọ Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke New Zealand ka ha kwụsị igosi arịrịọ ikpe ha na telivishọn. Ụlọikpe kachasị elu nyere ohere ka ihe nkiri ahụ gaa na ikuku.

Nafọ 2009, e were Prieur nọrụ dị ka onye nduzi nke ndị ọrụ mmadụ maka Paris Fire Brigade, otu nke ndị agha France.

## Ihe odide

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Arịlịka m (Abụ Mutton Birds)

"**Anchor** Me" bụ egwu egwu nke afọ 1994 nke otu egwu rock nke New Zealand bụ The Mutton Birds. Abụ ahụ rutere na # 10 na chaatị ndị na-alụbeghị di na New Zealand, ma depụta izu itoolu. Abụ ahụ sitere na abọm 1993 nke otu ahụ bụ Salty, ya na egwu atọ ndị ọzọ e ji mee ihe na egwu ahụ. "Anchor Me" bụ abụ ịhụnanya, nke onye na-agụ egwú Mutton Birds bụ Don McGlashan dere banyere nwunye ya.

Onye na-ede egwu Don McGlashan meriri 1994 APRA Silver Scroll songwriting award maka "Anchor Me", nke mbụ n'ime akwụkwọ mpịakọta ọlaọcha abụọ ya. A họpụtakwara McGlashan maka onye edemede egwu kacha mma maka "Anchor Me" na 1995 New Zealand Music Awards.

## Ndepụta egwu

# "Anchor Me" (Remix Edit) - 4:27
# "Mgbe Ifufe Naabịa" - 5:30
# "Ester" - 2:48
# "Aghaghị Ya Marsha, Ọ Karịrị Anyị Abụọ" - 4:38

## Ojiji na omenala a ma ama

* Perfect Strangers (2003 ihe nkiri). Site na ụdị ọhụrụ nke abụ ahụ edere maka ihe nkiri ahụ, McGlashan pụtara na ihe nkiri ahụ dị ka akụkụ nke otu egwu a naakpọ The Blackouts bụ ndị na-eme abụ ahụ nụlọ mmanya.
* Boy (ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi nke afọ 1944) soundtrack
* Mgbe ntuli aka nke New Zealand nafọ 2008 gasịrị, Television New Zealand jiri "Anchor Me" mee ihe na ihe oyiyi naegosi ndị mmadụ naeme emume mmeri nke New Zealand National Party. McGlashan degaara netwọk ahụ akwụkwọ ozi iwe naekwupụta enweghị obi ụtọ ya na a naeji abụ ahụ eme ihe n'ọnọdụ a, naekwu na ọ họpụtabeghị National ma "gaaka mma iso crayfish jọgburu onwe ya nwee mmekọahụ karịa ka ha jiri egwu m".

## Chaatị

## Ụdị Greenpeace
 

Nafọ 2005, otu nnukwu ìgwè ọrụ ebere nke ndị naese ihe na New Zealand dekọrọ abụ ahụ iji cheta ncheta afọ 20 nke bọmbụ nke ụgbọ mmiri Greenpeace Egwurugwu Egwurugwu dike. Abụ ahụ rutere nọkwa # 3 na chaatị ndị naalụbeghị di na New Zealand.

E kpebiri echiche nke abụ ncheta nọnwa Eprel afọ 2005, na oge studio edere tupu ahọrọ abụ ma ọ bụ ndị naagụ egwu. Onye naede egwu Don McGlashan kwetara ka e jiri "Anchor Me" mee ihe, mana ọ họọrọ ịghara itinye aka na ndekọ ahụ, nihi na o chere na ime nke a gaekwusi ike na ya, karịa ncheta bọmbụ. Otu ìgwè ndị naeto eto naese egwu na New Zealand gbakọtara ngwa ngwa iji dekọọ egwu ahụ, nke e mechara wepụta na 4 Julaị 2005.

### Nchịkọta
Nusoro nke arụmọrụ:

* Hinewehi Mohi
* Kirsten Morrell (Golden Horse)
* Che Fu
* Anika Moa
* Milan Borich (Pluto)
* David Atai na Donald McNulty (Nesian Mystik)
* Nainz na Viiz Tupai (Adeaze)

### Chaatị

## Ihe odide
International Union for Quaternary Research

E hiwere **International Union for Quaternary Research** (**INQUA**) na 1928.  Ọ nwere ndị otu sitere n'ọtụtụ nkuzi sayensị na-amụ mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi nke mere n'oge oge glacial, nde afọ 2.6 gara aga.  Otu ebumnuche nke ndị nchọpụta a bụ idekọ oge na usoro na mgbanwe ihu igwe gara aga iji nyere aka ịghọta ihe kpatara mgbanwe ihu igwe.

INQUA bụ onye otu Scientific Union nke International Council for Science (ICSU). INQUA na-enwe nzukọ mba ụwa na afọ anọ ọ bụla. Nzukọ ndị a na-eje ozi dị ka nzukọ agụmakwụkwọ yana ohere maka kọmitii dị iche iche, kọmitii, na ìgwè ọrụ iji rụọ ọrụ n'onwe ha. E nwere mgbakọ ndị gara aga na Copenhagen (1928), Leningrad (Saint Petersburg) (1932), Vienna (1936), Rome (1953), Madrid (1957), Warsaw (1961), Boulder (1965), Paris (1969), Christchurch (1973), Birmingham (1977), Moscow (1982), Ottawa (1987), Beijing (1991), Berlin (1995), Durban (1999), Reno (2003), Cairns (2007), Bern (2011) na Nagoya (2015).

E mere INQUA Congress (XIX) na nso nso a na Dublin, Ireland, na July 2019. N'afọ 2023, a ga-eme nzukọ INQUA ọzọ (XXI) na Rome, Ịtali.

## Mgbanwe ihu igwe
N'afọ 2007, njikọ ahụ wepụtara nkwupụta banyere mgbanwe ihu igwe nke ọ kwughachiri nkwubi okwu nke Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), ma gbaa mba niile ume ka ha mee ihe ngwa ngwa n'ụzọ kwekọrọ na ụkpụrụ UNFCCC:Ọrụ ụmụ mmadụ na-eme ugbu a na-eme ka ikuku nke gas na-ekpo ọkụ - gụnyere carbon dioxide, methane, tropospheric ozone, na nitrous oxide - rịa elu karịa ọkwa tupu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.Mmụba nke gas na-ekpo ọkụ na-eme ka okpomọkụ rịa elu...Nghọta sayensị banyere mgbanwe ihu igwe doro anya ugbu a iji mee ka mba dị mma ime ihe ngwa ngwa....Mbelata ọnụọgụ nke carbon dioxide a na-eru n'ikuku na-eweta nnukwu ihe ịma aka mana ọ ga-abụrịrị ihe kachasị mkpa n'ụwa niile.

## Nzukọ nke INQUA

## Hụkwa

* Sayensị nke oge anọ

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ihe edeturu maka akụkọ ihe mere eme nke INQUA- The International Union for Quaternary Research (Association pour l'etude du Quaternaire, Internationale Quartarvereiningung, wdg.) Loess Letter no.65, 22pp. (na akara na Loess Letters of Dr. Ian Smalley MSU hụkwa Scribd.com upload)
Antony Froggatt

**Antony Froggatt** bụ onye ndụmọdụ gbasara amụma ike yana onye otu nyocha nyocha na Chatham House.  Ọ bụ onye na-ede akwụkwọ nke *The World Nuclear Industry Status Reports*.

## Akụkọ ndụ
Antony Froggatt bụ onye isi nnyocha na Energy, Environment and Development Programme na Chatham House ma bụrụ onye ndụmọdụ na-ahụ maka iwu ike kemgbe 1997, nke dị na London. N'oge gara aga, ọ bụ onye Greenpeace International Nuclear Policy Campaigner.

## Ọrụ ndị e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya
Ya na Mycle Schneider, Froggatt bụ onye edemede nke The World Nuclear Industry Status Reports, nke na-atụ aro na ike nuklia ga-anọgide na-ebelata. Froggatt na Schneider dere akụkọ Systems for Change maka Heinrich Böll Foundation na 2010. Froggatt ekwuola nke ọma banyere ihe mberede nuklia nke Japan na 2011. Ọ na-ekwu "na nsogbu dị iche iche na Fukushima, site n'otu reactor gaa na nke ọzọ, na site na reactors gaa na ọdọ mmiri nchekwa mmanụ, ga-emetụta imewe, nhazi na n'ikpeazụ ọnụahịa nke ụlọ ọrụ nuklia n'ọdịnihu".

## Hụkwa
 

## Edensibia


## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* 
* 
* Mycle Schneider, Antony Froggatt, na Steve Thomas (2011). World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2010-2011: Ike nuklia na Post-Fukushima World, Worldwatch Institute.
* 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Antony Froggatt na egwu nchekwa ike
* Ajụjụ ọnụ: Antony Froggatt, onye nnọchi anya Greenpeace na Ukraine
* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ World Nuclear Industry Status Reports
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Sust'n'Able

Sust 'n' Able bụ mmemme agụmakwụkwọ nke Woodcraft Folk maka mmepe naadịgide adịgide.

Ọrụ ahụ bụ isiokwu nke ogige mba ụwa nke Woodcraft Folk na 2001 na Nottinghamshire ebe ndị ntorobịa 4,000 gara. Ogige ahụ lekwasịrị anya na agụmakwụkwọ mmepe naadịgide adịgide ma naarụ ọrụ maka ụmụaka site na ise ruo iri abụọ na ise gburugburu isiokwu ndị ahụ.

Nogige ahụ, e mere egwuregwu simulation a naakpọ 'World on a Tight Rope'. Egwuregwu ahụ gbara noge ogige ahụ ma tinye ndị mmadụ naarụ ọrụ maka ego iji mepụta ụwa naadịgide adịgide. Nchịkọta ahụ gụnyere 'Earth Summits' abụọ e mere n'ogige ahụ iji nweta nkwupụta nye ndị isi ụwa na World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD). Nzukọ nke Ụwa nwere "ụlọ ọrụ ọrụ" ebe ndị mmadụ naarụrịta ụka banyere okwu ndị a gaetinye na nkwupụta ahụ.

## Nkwupụta na nnọchiteanya
Nkwupụta ahụ e mepụtara dị ka akụkụ nke egwuregwu simulation bụ nke ndị nnọchi anya ndị ntorobịa iri na otu gosipụtara. Ndị nnọchiteanya ahụ gara Nzukọ Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu nke Ụwa na Mmepe Naadịgide adịgide gụnyere ma ndị obodo na mpaghara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke nzukọ ahụ. Ìgwè ahụ sooro ndị nnọchi anya International Falcon Movement - Socialist Education International naaga nzukọ ahụ rụọ ọrụ.

Ndị nnọchiteanya sitere na Woodcraft Folk naaga nzukọ niile nke Commission on Sustainable Development na New York City nke bụ nzukọ ndị naesote WSSD kwa afọ, na usoro isiokwu naagbanwe kwa afọ abụọ.

## Njikọ mpụga

* Official website

## Ihe odide
Wapenshaw

A gesthaw ma ọ bụ *wapinshaw* (site na Old English maka "ihe ngosi ngwá agha") bụ na mbụ nchịkọta na nyocha nke ndị agha e mere na mpaghara ọ bụla na Scotland. Ebumnuche ya bụ ime ka ndị isi agha nwee afọ ojuju na ngwá agha nke ndị naejere ha ozi dị mma nakwa na a zụrụ ndị ikom ahụ nke ọma niji ha eme ihe.

## Ojiji nke 'Wapenshaw' na Lawn Bowls
A ka naeji okwu ahụ eme ihe, iji kọwaa asọmpi ụfọdụ site na klọb bowling na Scotland.

## Ojiji nke 'Wapenshaw' na Shooting
A naejikwa *Wapenshaw* eme ihe mgbe ụfọdụ, na Scotland na ebe ndị ọzọ na United Kingdom maka égbè ma ọ bụ ihe ngosi égbè ndị ọzọ, ọkachasị ndị metụtara ngwá agha akụkọ ihe mere eme.

## Ndị Ọrụ Osisi
Ndị Woodcraft Folk naejikwa *Wapenshaw* eme ihe nọtụtụ ebe iji kọwaa emume kwa ụbọchị mgbe ha naama ụlọikwuu, nke naagụnye onye ọ bụla naamaụlọikwuu naewepụ ihe niile nụlọikwuu ha ma naetinye ha nelu ala nusoro a kapịrị ọnụ. Nke a naarụ ọrụ abụọ: iji mee ka ikuku si nụlọikwuu ahụ pụọ, na iji hụ na ọ nweghị ihe furu efu.

## Ihe odide

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* Wapenshaw dị ka emume Woodcraft. E nwetara ya na June 1, 2005.
* National Rifle Association of Great Britain na-edepụta ihe omume gụnyere a gbagọrọ agbagọ site na Historic Breechloading Smallarms Association. E nwetara ya na June 1, 2005.
Ogige ụgbọ okporo ígwè Darsham

**Ogige ụgbọ okporo ígwè Darsham** dị na East Suffolk Line nebe ọwụwa anyanwụ England, naejere obodo nta Darsham na Yoxford, Suffolk ozi, dị netiti obodo abụọ ahụ. Ọ dị kilomita 26 56 (43 km) gbadaa nahịrị site na Ipswich na  95  (153.6 km) nke a tụrụ site na London Liverpool Street; ọ dị netiti Saxmundham na Halesworth. Koodu ọdụ ya nwere mkpụrụedemede atọ bụ DSM.

Ọ bụ Abellio Greater Anglia naachịkwa ya, nke naejikwa ụgbọ oloko niile naakpọ.

Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụ nke Darsham Country Centre, nke bụ enyemaka nke Woodcraft Folk, ma naagba ọsọ dị ka ebe obibi maka ìgwè ndị ntorobịa.

## Ọrụ
Dịka nke Disemba 2016, ọrụ kachasị elu Mọnde-Saturday na Darsham bụ nke a:

Nụbọchị Sọnde, ọnụọgụ ụgbọ oloko naebelata ruo otu ụgbọ oloko kwa awa abụọ nakụkụ ọ bụla. Ụgbọ oloko naaga ma naesi na London Liverpool Street kwụsịrị nafọ 2010.

A naagbatị ụgbọ okporo ígwè nụtụtụ otu ụbọchị izu na Harwich International ma naalọghachi site nebe ahụ nuhuruchi.

## Ihe odide
Waldwissen

**Waldwissen** bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ mba ụwa, nke nwere ọtụtụ asụsụ na nkwurịta okwu maka ọtụtụ isiokwu ọhịa.

## Nhazi
Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ www.waldwissen.net bụ nke ụlọ ọrụ nyocha ọhịa nke Baden-Württemberg, Freiburg, Germany (FVA), ụlọ ọrụ Bavarian Ụlọ ọrụ ọhịa, Freising, Germany (LWF), Ụlọ ọrụ nyocha na Ọzụzụ Federal maka oke ọhịa, ihe egwu eke na ọdịdị ala, Vienna, Austria (BFW) na Swiss Federal Institute for Ọhịa, Snow na Nchọpụta Ọdịbendị, Birmensdorf, Switzerland (WSL) bipụtara.

Netwọk ahụ gụnyere ụlọ ọrụ nyocha ọhịa, nchịkwa ọhịa, òtù ndị nwe ọhịa na òtù ndị ọzọ naabụghị gọọmentị naenye ohere ịnweta ihe ọmụma ọkachamara. Ikpo okwu mmekọrịta ahụ eguzobewo onwe ya na Central Europe dị ka isi iyi ozi nịntanetị maka ọtụtụ isiokwu metụtara ọhịa na ọhịa. Nọnwa Julaị 2023, ihe karịrị 2700 asụsụ German na ihe dị ka 950 isiokwu asụsụ mba ọzọ dị.

Na mgbakwunye na ụlọ ọrụ nyocha anọ naebipụta akwụkwọ sitere na Germany, Austria na Switzerland, ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ na-arụkọ ọrụ enyewo aka na www.waldwissen.net. Ndị mmekọ niile metụtara naeji ihe onwunwe nke ha maka ịkwụ ụgwọ ndị ọrụ nchịkọta akụkọ ha.  afọ , nke ọ bụla nime ụlọ ọrụ nchịkọta akụkọ iri naachịkọta ma dezie ozi ndị ọkachamara wee gosipụta ya na web-portal. Ha na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na òtù ndị dị ka Swiss National Accident Insurance Fund, Federal Office for the Environment, Swiss Ornithological Station Sempach, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences na Vienna, Bavarian Forest Genetics Office (AWG) na Rottenburg University of Applied Forest Sciences.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Usoro okike nke oké ọhịa
Ụlọ ọrụ Federal Research Institute (WSL) nwere echiche nke ime ka ihe ọmụma bara uru dị mkpa site na ọhịa na sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi dị maka onye ọ bụla n'otu nzukọ dị mfe. N'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2003, prototype www.waldwissen.ch gara n'ịntanetị.

Ahụmahụ e nwetara site na www.waldwissen.ch dị ezigbo mma. N'otu oge ahụ, ụlọ ọrụ nyocha anọ na-etinye aka na nyocha ọhịa FVA, LWF, BFW, WSL gbasiri mbọ ha na-agba iji mepụta usoro ozi ọhịa jikọtara ọnụ na ọdịnaya sitere na isi mmalite mba ụwa. Ọrụ a bụ akụkụ nke KnowForAlp Initiative nke nwere ngụkọta nke ụlọ ọrụ nyocha 19 sitere na mba asaa. Site na atụmatụ a, www.waldwissen.net pụtara nke gara n'ịntanetị na 16 Febụwarị 2005.

Kemgbe ahụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ onyinye na www.waldwissen.net na nnyefe nke ọkachamara n'ọhịa anọgidewo na-eto eto. N'afọ 2007, e nyere www.waldwissen.net Schweighofer Innovation Award for Forestry na ngụkọta nke 50,000 euro na ego mmeri. Mba ụwa, ọtụtụ asụsụ na ọkachamara nke onyinye ndị a nyere na www.waldwissen.net mere ka ndị ọka ikpe nwee mmetụta dị mma. E ji ego mmeri ahụ mee ihe maka mmepe na imezigharị weebụsaịtị ahụ. Kemgbe etiti afọ 2015 www.waldwissen.net dịkwa dị ka ngwa mkpanaka maka gam akporo na Apple iOS.

## Hụkwa

* Ọrụ Ọhịa Europe (EUFODOS)
* Kọmputa nke ọhịa
* Global Forest Information Service

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Official website