open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Lady Mary Lovelace

**Lady Mary Lovelace** (1848-1941) bụ onye na-ese ihe, onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ, na onye edemede yana onye otu ndị ama ama Britain . 

## Biography na ọrụ
A mụrụ Mary Caroline Stuart-Wortley, o tolitere na London n'obere ụlọ dị na St. James Place ya na nne na nna ya, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Rt. Hon. James Archibald Stuart-Wortley na onye amara ama ama Hon Jane Stuart-Wortley (née Lawley), na ụmụnne anọ. 

## Ụlọ Lillycombe
Ọrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ kacha mara nke ọma nke Lady Mary Lovelace bụ ọrụ akpọrọ CFA Voysey akpọrọ Lilleycombe House, nke e wuru na nso Porlock, Somerset.  N'ihi ama ama nke ikpeazụ, e gosipụtara ya na The British Architect na 1912, tupu ewuo ya, kọwara ya dị ka nke a:"Emere ụlọ a site na Mary, Countess of Lovelace, nke Mr. CFA Voysey, nke 23, York Place, W. na-enyere ya aka na nkume obodo na ciment roughcast, ma jiri Delabode slate kpuchie ya. Ebe ahụ bụ ebe a. Mkpọda nke dị na ndịda na-ele nnukwu ndagwurugwu anya, yana Exmoor gafere, ga-aza maka ọkwa dị iche iche nke ala dị iche iche. 
thumb| Ihe osise Lillycombe South Elevation nke Lady Mary Lovelace nyere CFA Voysey aka.
thumb| Atụmatụ ụlọ Lillycombe na elu nke Lady Mary Loveless nyere CFA Voysey aka

## Dị ka onye edemede
Lady Mary Lovelace bụkwa onye edemede na onye nchịkọta akụkọ; o dere okwu mmeghe ma dezie akwụkwọ di ya, aha ya bụ *Astarte*, banyere nna nna ya, Lord Byron, onye na-ede uri a ma ama.  Ọzọkwa, o bipụtara ihe ndekọ banyere di ya. 

## Dị ka ọha mmadụ
N'ihi ọrụ ya n'ọtụtụ ọzụzụ, gụnyere ọrụ enyemaka, onye ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ Anne Anderson kọwara Lady Mary Lovelace dị ka "nwanyị na-eme mgbanwe" ma ọ bụ " nwanyị ọhụrụ " nke oge ahụ bụ onye ji nwayọọ gbanwee ọrụ na ọrụ nke ụmụ nwanyị na Victoria na-esote. Edwardian England."  Ọ bụ ezie na a na-echeta ya ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ maka ọganihu ụmụ nwanyị, a na-akọwa ụdị nwanyị ya dị ka "ịchọ [ịchọ] ịbanye n'ime ụwa nke ime amụma, ọ bụghị imebi ya."  Dị ka nwanyị a ma ama n'oge ya, e gosipụtara Mary na ihe osise a ma ama nke Edward Burne-Jones, The Golden Stairs . 

## Olili ozu
A na-eli ntụ Lady Mary Lovelace n'ime Ụka All Saints, Ockham . Ụlọ ụka Eze nke ụka ahụ, nke ezubere ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ụka n'elu ụlọ ezinụlọ, ka nwere ntụsara ahụ na ntụ ya na nke 2nd Earl of Lovelace. Urn ahụ nwere ụdị igbe okwute na pedestal monolithic nwere plaques heraldic enamel. 

## Ntụaka
Hilda Mason (onye na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ)

**Hilda Frances Mason** ARIBA (17 June 1879 - 1955) bụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ Bekee.  

Ọ haziri, ya na Raymond Erith, St Andrew's Church, Felixstowe, na 1929–1930, ụka mbụ ewuru na England site na iji komnti gbasiri ike.   Kemgbe 10 February 1986, ọ bụla ọkwa II * edepụtara ụlọ .  A kọwawo ya dị ka "mmekọrịta nke ụlọ ụka Gothic Suffolk ajị n'oge ... na asụsụ agbakwunyere-concrete na iko nke Perret's Notre-Dame, Le Raincy ".  Ọ wukwara onwe ya ụlọ ndị ọgbara ọhụrụ, Kings Knoll, Woodbridge .  

Ọ na-esekwa agba mmiri, na-egosipụta ya na Ipswich Art Club. 

Ọ lụghị nwunye, wee nwụọ na Ipswich dị afọ 74. 

## Ntụaka
England site na iji komnti gbasiri ike.   Kemgbe
Winifred Ryle

**Winifred Maddock** (née **Winifred Ryle**, 3 February 1897 - 3 Ọktoba 1987) bụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ Britain. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị mbụ ga-aga Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Architectural Association School of Architecture, ma ga-aga n'ihu na-ebipụta akụkọ gbasara *ụmụ nwanyị dị ka ndị na-emepụta ihe* na *[[Architectural Association Journal|Architectural Association Journal.]]*

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Ryle na 3 February 1897 na Monken Hadley   n'agbanyeghị na ezinụlọ kwagara Brighton n'otu afọ ahụ. Nna ya, Dr Reginald John Ryle, onye dibia, na nne ya Catherine Scott, onye nkwuputa, nwere umu iri, nke Ryle bu nke asaa. Ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ruo mgbe ọ dị afọ asaa, wee gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Brighton na Hove, tupu ọ mụọ nka na Brighton School of Art . 

Nna nna ukwu Ryle gụnyere ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ George Gilbert Scott na George Frederick Bodley, ya mere, mgbe Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Na-ahụ Maka Architectural Association nyere ụmụ nwanyị ohere na 1917, ya na nwa nwanne ya Elisabeth Scott gara.  Ryle bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị anọ mbụ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ.  N'afọ sochirinụ Ryle na Ruth Lowy bipụtara otu akụkọ banyere *Women dị ka Architects* na *[[Architectural Association Journal]]*, na-emeghe ụzọ maka ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ nwanyị. Ka ọ na-erule 1920, a na-akwụ ya ụgwọ ka ọ kụzie klaasị na School of Architecture. Na 1922, ọ bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị mbụ ghọrọ ndị otu zuru oke na Association Architectural n'akụkụ Ethel Charles na nwanne ya nwanyị. 

Ọ lụrụ Richard Henry Maddock, bụkwa onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ, na 26 February 1924, na di na nwunye ahụ hiwere mmekọrịta ụkpụrụ ụlọ.  Ha ga-aga n'ihu chepụta ụlọ dị na Sutton, Surrey, na Pangbourne, Berkshire .  Ryle bụ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na isi Sutton nke South London Quakers . 

## Ntụaka
nwanne ya Elisabeth Scott gara.  Ryle bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị anọ mbụ gara ụlọ, mgbe Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Na-ahụ Maka Architectural
Gottlieb Redecker

**Gottlieb Wilhelm Eduard Redecker** (30 Eprel 1871, Otjimbingwe, Namibia – 21 Jenụwarị 1945, Gütersloh, Germany) bụ onye injinia obodo na onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na South West Africa (ugbu a Namibia ). Ọ bụ ya na-ahụ maka ọtụtụ ụlọ dị mkpa ka na-eguzo taa na Namibia, karịsịa na Windhoek, gụnyere ụlọ mgbakọ mba, Tintenpalast .

## Ndụ
thumb| Christ Church, Windhoek
thumb| Tintenpalast, Windhoek
Gottlieb Redecker  bụ ọkpara n'ime ụmụnne asaa amụrụ Johann Wilhelm Redecker (1836–1911)  na nwunye ya, Maria Caroline Amalie (née Gronemeyer), onye bịara Otjimbingwe na South West Africa mgbe ahụ site na Bielefeld na Westphalia. n'afọ 1867.

Gottlieb bụ otu n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ mbụ nke Augustineum, nke mechara soro ụmụ nwoke nke onye isi Herero ama ama Samuel Maharero . Mgbe nne ya nwụchara mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na otu, e nyere ndị ozi ala ọzọ lọghachi na Jamanị. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ọ gụrụ injinia.Na 25 Jenụwarị 1898, ọ lụrụ Joan Marie Elise Kornfeld, onye o nwere nwa nwanyị, Anne Marie Ilse Klara Redecker. Mgbe ọ nọrọ nke abụọ na Germany, ọ laghachiri na Otjimbingwe, n'oge ahụ *bụ* isi obodo German South West Africa, ma bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa nke injinịa na 1901 site n'aka ndị ọchịchị Imperial, mgbe ahụ ọ malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ mbụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. obodo. &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

N'ihi ogologo obibi ya na mba ofesi ọ tụfuru okpuru ọchịchị German o ketara n'aka nna ya ma bụrụ ndị ọchịchị German kewara ya dị ka Damara . Ọ na-asụ ma Damara na [[Asụsụ Herero|Herero]] nke ọma ma mara obodo na ndị mmadụ. Site n'ọmụma asụsụ ya na ndị enyi ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ mbụ, o nwere ohere ịnweta ndị isi obodo. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

Dị ka onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ Gottlieb Redecker bụ onye na-ahụ maka ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ụlọ na mba ahụ, karịsịa ụlọ ụka Kraịst ama ama    na Tintenpalast  ("Ink Palace"). Nhazi ya nke atọ na kacha mma maka Ụka Kraịst, n'ụdị neo-Romanesque, ndị gọọmentị kwadoro n'ikpeazụ. Ọ bụghị naanị na o mere eserese, kamakwa ọ na-ahụ maka njikwa ihe owuwu ahụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ ọjọọ. Emechara ụlọ ahụ na 15 Ọktoba 1910 ka arụchara ihe dị ka afọ atọ, ma jiri nnukwu oriri na-atọ ụtọ raara onwe ya nye.

## Ntụaka
Raymond Teague Cowern

**Raymond Teague Cowern** RA (12 Julaị 1913 - 1986) bụ onye na-ese ihe na onye na-ese ihe na Britain bụ onye na-ese ihe nke ọma wee họpụta ya onye otu zuru oke na Royal Academy na 1968. 

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Cowern ma gụrụ akwụkwọ na Birmingham . Ọ gara Birmingham Central School of Arts and Crafts n'etiti 1929 na 1931 wee na Royal College of Art ruo 1935.   Site na 1937 ruo 1939 Cowern bụ Ọkammụta Rome na Injinia na ụlọ akwụkwọ Britain dị na Rome.   Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ihe maka njem mmụta ihe ochie, nke Oriental Institute of Chicago na-ahazi na Sakkarah na Egypt n'oge mbido 1930s.  

Na mmalite nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, Cowern sonyeere British Army na, mgbe ọzụzụ na Norwich na Farnham, jere ozi dị ka onye ọgụgụ isi na mgbe ahụ dị ka Field Security Officer na 52nd Division na Netherlands.  N'ime oge ọrụ agha ya niile, Cowern mere ọtụtụ eserese nke ahụmịhe ya n'oge ọzụzụ yana na Netherlands na Belgium. Ndị Kọmiti Ndụmọdụ Ndị Na-eme Ihe nkiri Agha zụtara ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ndị a ma bụrụ ndị Imperial War Museum dị na Lọndọn na-enwezi ya. Cowern rụkwara ọrụ maka ọrụ ndekọ ndekọ Britain n'oge Agha na 1940.  Maka Ndekọ Britain, ọ na-ese ma depụta onyonyo nke ụlọ akụkọ ihe mere eme dị n'ihe egwu mbibi na Suffolk, Worcestershire na Herefordshire.  Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke eserese ndị a dị ugbu a na nchịkọta nke Victoria na Albert Museum .

Mgbe agha ahụ gachara, Cowern rụrụ ọrụ mgbe niile dị ka onye na-ese ihe na onye na-ese ihe na ọtụtụ afọ o biri na Brighton .  Na 1947 ọ ghọrọ onye otu Royal Watercolor Society .  A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye mmekọ nke Royal Academy na 1957 wee bụrụ onye otu zuru oke na Academy na 1968.  Royal Academy kwadoro ihe ngosi nke ọrụ ya na 2004. 

## Ntụaka

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* *Etching niile nke RT Cowern; Ifuru ikpeazụ nke Omenala Etching nke Britain nke oge a* nke Elizabeth Harvey-Lee, 1996, Grillford Limited, Milton Keynes.
* *Abụọ Birmingham Painters-Etcher: RT Cowern, HA Freeth*, 1988, katalọgụ ngosi, Birmingham Museum Art Gallery

## Njikọ mpụga

* 2 artworks by or after Raymond Teague Cowern at the Art UK site
* Works by Cowern in the Victoria & Albert Museum collection
Lloyd Lozes Goff

thumb| ''Ụlọ ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ'' (1934), eserese easel maka Ọrụ Ọha nke Art Project na New York City.
thumb| ''Tupu fencing nke Delta County'' (1939), akwụkwọ ozi akwụkwọ ozi na Cooper, Texas
Lloyd Lozes Goff (1908–1982) bụ onye omenkà America.↵Goff mụrụ na 1908 na Dallas, Texas.  Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Art Students League na Mahadum New Mexico.  Ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ ya na Mahadum New Mexico mere ka ọ bụrụ onye enyemaka Prọfesọ nke Art na onye na-arụ ọrụ nke ngalaba nka site na 1944 ruo 1947.[1]  Ọ kọwara akwụkwọ abụọ e bipụtara na 1949, New Mexico Village Arts[2] na Golden Footlight's.[3]  Ọ dekwara ma kọwaa akwụkwọ ụmụaka abụọ gbasara nnụnụ ndị na-akwaga mba ọzọ, Run, Sandpiper, Run[4] na Fly, Redwing, Fly.

Ndị ọrụ na Carnegie Institute, Whitney Museum of American Art, National Academy of Design, Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Art Institute of Chicago, 1939 World's Fair na New York, San Francisco Art Association, New Mexico Museum.  nke Art, na Dallas Museum of Fine Arts .  Ọrụ dị na Library of Congress, Whitney Museum of American Art, Museum of Modern Art, New Mexico Museum of Art na Dallas Museum of Fine Arts.  A na- ozi ọrụ ya na Federal Buildings na Cooper, Texas, na Hollis, Oklahoma, yana US Treasury, New York City Municipal Building, Southern Methodist University na Dallas, US Customs House na New York City, na ọrụ ọrụ ihe.  Embassy US na Ottawa, Ontario

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Akụkọ ndụ

 This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Bureau of Reclamation.
Kirsteen Mackay

**Kirsteen Mackay** bụ onye Britain na onye Australia na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ, onye bụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ gọọmentị South Australia .

Ọ bụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ edebanyere aha na United Kingdom na South Australia.

Mackay gụrụ ụkpụrụ ụlọ na Glasgow School of Art wee gụchaa akara ugo mmụta post-gụsịrị akwụkwọ na imewe na Royal College of Art na London. O nwere ahụmịhe afọ 15 na omume nzuzo, dị ka Marks Barfield Architects, bụrụkwa onye bụbu onye isi nke nyocha ihe nleba anya na UK's Commission for Architecture and the Wuilt Environment (CABE) afọ anọ. Mackay bụkwa onye nduzi nke ụlọ ọrụ ihe owuwu nke ya bụ Springett Mackay Architecture.

Ọ bụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị na Office for Design and Architecture SA (ODASA). Na Nọvemba 2014, a họpụtara ya onye na-arụ ọrụ gọọmentị na-arụ ọrụ na onye na-arụ ọrụ njikwa, Architecture na Wuru gburugburu.

Na Julaị 2015 a họpụtara Mackay ka ọ bụrụ onye nhazi gọọmentị South Australia. N'ime ọrụ a ọ na-eduga na Architecture and Wuilt Environment Directorate nke SA Department of Planning Transport and Infrastructure, yana mmemme nyocha nke SA.   

## Ntụaka
omume nzuzo, dị ka Marks Barfield Architects, bụrụkwa onye bụbu onye isi nk

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Alison Killing

**Alison Killing** bụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na onye nrụpụta obodo mepere emepe.   N’afo 2010, ọ tọrọ ntọala ụlọ ọrụ maka imewe na nyocha n'ihe gbasara ihe owuwu aha ya bụ Killing Architects .   Ọ bụkwa onye otu TED . 

## Ndụ mbido
A mụrụ ya na Newcastle na Tyne, England ma bi ugbu a na Rotterdam, Netherlands.  

Ọ gụrụ ụkpụrụ ụlọ na King's College, Cambridge na Oxford Brookes .  

## Pulitzer ihe nrite
Ogbugbu bụ akụkụ nke otu ndị mepụtara usoro ọhụụ ọhụrụ nke jiri onyonyo satịlaịtị, ụdị ụkpụrụ ụlọ 3D, na ajụjụ ọnụ mmadụ iji kpughee nnukwu akụrụngwa China maka ijide ọtụtụ narị puku ndị Alakụba na mpaghara Xinjiang wee nweta ihe nrite 2021 Pulitzer maka Mkpesa mba ụwa .    

## Ntụaka
ntọala ụlọ ọrụ maka imewe na nyocha n'ihe gbasara ihe

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ralph Goings

Ralph Goings (Mee 9, 1928 - September 4, 2016) bụ onye na-ese ihe America nwere njikọ chiri anya na ihe Photorealism nke 1960 na-adị na 1970s.  A mara ya nke ọma maka nda hamburger zuru oke, gwongworo na-ebuli elu, na ụlọ akụ California, nke nnera n'ụzọ kpachapụrụ anya.

## Akụkọ ndụ

### Ndụ mbido
A Jaridar Goings na na-arụ ọrụ na Corning, California ma tolite n'oge ihe ngosi mba n'obi.  E mfere ya na nka na mfe na klaisi nka ụlọ akwụkwọ, na ike nso nchoputa ya nke Rembrandt n'ọbá akwụkwọ ya.  Nne ya gbara ya ume ka o see ihe, ndọra ya akwụkwọ na ihe nkuzi.  Ọ hụ iji agba si n'ahụ egwu ngwaike dị n'kan ahụ na-ese ihe, na akwa akwa ochie mgbe akwa akwa.

### Agụmakwụkwọ
Mgbe ọ na-eje ozi na ndị agha, Goings debanyere aha na Hartnell College, na Salinas, California ma na-akpọkwute ya ma gbaa ya ume ịga ụlọ akwụkwọ nkà site n'aka Leon Amyx, bụ onye isi nke ngalaba nkà na Hartnell n  'oge ahụ na onye na-ese ihe a ma ama.  Goings mfe nka na nka nka nka na nka California dị na Oakland .  N'oge mkpa ya na California College of Arts, ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na ndị na-ese ihe ndị ọzọ sitere na Photorealist Movement Robert Bechtle na Richard Mclean, yana ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe nkiri Nathan Oliveira .  Ọ natara MFA na ụzọ si Sacramento State College na 1965.

Ndị na-ese ihe dị ka Wayne Thiebaud, Johannes Vermeer na Thomas Eakins nri ya.  Mmasị ya na Photorealism kpalitere mgbe o nwesịrị nkụda ike nke ọma na nke ihe ọrụ pop n'oge ahụ;  o chere na ọ bụrụ na ihe ga-anya ihe, ọ ga-adị ka foto dị ka o kwere mee.

### Ọrụ
Goings nyere aka nyere Photorealist Movement [1] mara Robert Bechtle, Robert Cottingham, Audrey Flack, Don Eddy, na Richard Estes . 

"N'afọ 1963, achọrọ m ọrụ ihe ọzọ mana ihe na m ndị eme foto ndị na-ahụ ahụkebe ".  Ọ bịara dị m na m ga-aga n'ụdị nke ọzọ dịka m nwere ike.  ... Ọ bịara bịara m na ọdịdị foto ahụ na-eme ya kama idepụta ya n'aka ga-awụ akpata oyi .  A na-ewere idetu foto n'ụzọ dị ka ihe ihe ime.  Ọ na-abụ ụlọ akwụkwọ nka m niile... ihe m na-eme were ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ wee sị 'ọ bụghị nka, ọ pụghị ịbụ nka'.  Nke ahụ nyere m agbamume n'ụzọ gbagọrọ agbagọ, n'ihi na na-abụ m obi ụtọ ime ihe na-akpasu ndị mmadụ iwe n'ezie.  Anọ m na-ekpori ndụ nke ukwuu…" (nke edeziri site na Realists at Work).  

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Weebụsaịtị onye nka
* Ralph na-aga na OK Harris Gallery
* Ralph Going na Artnet
* Ralph Goings bịanyere aka na mbipụta Artnet/Dumbo Auctions, Mgbakwunye nke akwụkwọ mmado Rare
* Ajụjụ ọnụ ọnụ
* obisuari
Isobel Hogg Kerr Beattie

**Isobel Hogg Kerr Beattie** (25 Ọgọst 1900 - 13 Julaị 1970) bụ nwanyị mbụ na Scotland na-eme ihe owuwu oge niile.

## Ndụ mbido
A mụrụ Beattie na 1900 nye Lewis Beattie na Alice Walker Kerr, bụ́ ndị ọrụ ugbo. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Edinburgh College of Art (1921-1926),  mana ụfọdụ n'ime nkuzi teknụzụ ka e weere na kọleji Heriot-Watt . N'ime ndepụta uru nke 1922, a mara ya ka ọ werela Building Construction Stage III, na-enweta 57% na ule, nke Stage IV (71%) sochiri ya. Na 1923 ọ nwetara 79% na ule Stage V ya na 1924 wee were Mechanics and Strength of Materials, afọ nke abụọ - otu n'ime ọtụtụ ọmụmụ etinyere pụrụ iche maka ụmụ akwụkwọ kọleji nke Art - nweta 51%. 

## Ọrụ
Beattie rụrụ ọrụ ruo oge ụfọdụ n'ụlọ ọrụ tupu ya eme ihe n'adabereghị na 1928 ruo 1929. Ọ laghachiri na College of Art ebe ọ nwetara diploma ọzọ. A nabatara ya dị ka onye mmekọ nke Royal Institute of British Architects na 1931 mgbe ya na ụlọ ọrụ Jamieson & Arnott na-arụ ọrụ na Edinburgh.  O mechara kwaga Dumfries, ma eleghị anya na-arụ ọrụ ebe ahụ n'onwe ya; ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ime ụlọ n'ụlọ ọrụ ụkpụrụ ụlọ dị na Castle Street, Dumfries. 

## Ọnwụ na ihe nketa
Ọ nwụrụ na Applegarth na 1970 mgbe ọrịa gasịrị.  National Monuments Record of Scotland nwere nchịkọta ihe mmịfe metụtara ọrụ ya. 

## Ntụaka
ka e weere na kọleji Heriot-Watt . N'ime ndepụta uru nke 1922, a mara ya ka ọ werela
Justin Blanco White

**Margaret Justin Blanco White** OBE ARIBA (11 Disemba 1911 - 1 Nọvemba 2001) bụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ Scotland. 

## Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Margaret Justin Blanco White na 30 Pembroke Square, Kensington, London, na 11 Disemba 1911. Nna ya bụ George Rivers Blanco White KC, na nne ya bụ onye edemede Amber Reeves .  Nwanne ya nwoke bụ Thomas Blanco White, onye ọka iwu ikike ọgụgụ isi. O nwere nwanne nne nke tọrọ Anna-Jane nke nna ya bụ HG Wells . Nne na nna nne ya bụ William Pember Reeves na Maud Pember Reeves . 

## Ọrụ
Justin Blanco White haziri Shawms, Conduit Head Road, Cambridge na 1938.  Edepụtara ụlọ ahụ Grade II na 1996, ma wuo ya n'ụdị Modernist, n'agbanyeghị na eji osisi dị ka ihe na-eche ihu. 

Ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ụlọ obibi dị ọnụ ala, ụlọ maka ndị agadi, na ụlọ ọgwụ mgbe ọ bụ onye nlekọta na-ahụ maka ụlọ ọrụ Scottish . 

Ekwuru na Blanco White bụ 12 Landsdowne, Cambridge, wuru 1961-1968 na mmekorita ya na David Croghan . Pat Merton nyere ọrụ na 1958, a kwaturu ụlọ ahụ na 2003 dịka ọnọdụ irere ndị nwe ya ọhụrụ si dị. 

N'ime 1973 Birthday Honors, a họpụtara ya OBE maka ọrụ ya. 

Ọ lụrụ Conrad Hal Waddington ọkà mmụta ihe ndị dị ndụ na 1936. Ha nwere ụmụ nwanyị abụọ, Caroline (lụrụ di na nwunye aha *Humphrey*, mechara Dame na Lady Rees, 1943-), ọkà mmụta gbasara mmadụ, na Dusa (aha di na nwunye *McDuff*, 1945-), onye mgbakọ na mwepụ. 

## Ntụaka
Elias Goldberg

Elias Goldberg (March 14, 1886 – Febụwarị 22, 1978) bụ onye ihe ọrụ America..

## Akụkọ ndụ
Site na 1906 ruo 1909 Elias Goldberg bayanan George Bridgman na Art Students League of New York .  Na 1915 ọrụ ihe atụ ya nke e àgwà na The Masses na na 1917 Elias Goldberg tashar akwụkwọ Bekee nke "Souvenirs Entomologiques" nke French entomologist Jean Henri Fabre .

Na 1918 ọ nọ na ihe ngosi apụta nke abụọ nke Society of Independent Artists .  N'ime 1920 ọ bụ onye ihe atụ maka ụlọ ọrụ akwụkwọ Japan na maka Hal Marchbanks Press.  Ọ bụ n'oge a ka ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na ike na Europe wee Fast enyi Jules Pascin, Man Ray na Marcel Duchamp .  N'afọ 1935, o mere ihe ngosi otu nwoke mbụ na Ebe Ọzọ Gallery.

Na 1948 o nwere ihe ngosi mbụ na Charles Egan Gallery wee nwee ike igosi enyi na Willem de Kooning na Elaine de Kooning na Jackson Pollock .  N'afọ ndị 1950, o mere enyi ndị ọgbọ na-eto eto dị ka Knox Martin (onye na-ese ihe na Charles Egan Gallery ), Reuben Nakian, Herman Rose, Peter Golfinopoulos na Joseph Stapleton.  [1] N'afọ ndị 1960, o nwere usoro ihe ngosi otu nwoke ama na Charles Egan Gallery .  Na 1973 ọ natara onyinye site na Mark Rothko Foundation.

## Ọrụ
Goldberg kacha mara amara maka obodo, ndụ ndụ, ime ime, ihe ngosi na-egosi ala .  O kere ihe osise, agba mmiri, ụzọ.  Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe osise obodo ya na- anya na mpaghara Washington Heights na Upper Manhattan, ebe o biri site na 1945 gaa n'ihu. 

## Akụkọ

* Lawrence Campbell, "Elias Goldberg na-ese foto", ARTnews, 1963
* Rosalind Constable, "The Pissarro nke Washington Heights", New York Magazine, Julaị 1970
* William H. Gerdts, "Site na Ashcan ruo Abstract: Ihe osise nke Elias Goldberg", katalọgụ ngosi Elias Goldberg, Janos Gat Gallery, 1999
* Elaine de Kooning, "New York Na-enweghị Anya mmiri: Ihe osise nke Elias Goldberg", Egan Gallery, 1948

## Ntụaka

## Ntụaka ndị ọzọ

* Bruce Hooton 1965 Ajụjụ ọnụ nke Elias Goldberg na Smithsonian Archives of American Art
* Ọrụ 9 nke Elias Goldberg, Joseph H. Hirshhorn Bequest na Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden
* Jụọ ntinye akwụkwọ maka Elias Goldberg

## Njikọ mpụga

* Janos Gat Gallery
Elizabeth Cadbury-Brown

**Elizabeth Cadbury-Brown** (amuru **Elizabeth Romeyn Elwyn** ; 28 Maachị 1922 – 17 Maachị 2002) bu onye omekome Britain amuru America. Ọ kwagara London na 1948 ma site na mgbe ahụ gaa n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na HT Cadbury-Brown, di ya na onye mmekọ ọkachamara.

## Ndụ mbido
A mụrụ Elizabeth Elwyn na 1922 na Manhattan, New York.  Nna ya, Adolf Elwyn, bụ prọfesọ neuro-anatomy na Mahadum Columbia, nne ya bụ onye na-elekọta mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi.   A zụlitere ya na Croton-on-Hudson, New York, wee gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ Hessian Hills. Ọ gụrụ Bekee obere oge na Columbia mana ọ gafere n'ọkwa na architecture mgbe otu afọ gachara. 

## Ọrụ
Cadbury-Brown rụrụ ọrụ na omume New York ruo 1948, mgbe o kpebiri ịga Europe. Mgbe ọ nọ na Lọndọn, ọ zutere Bill Dale, bụ́ ọkàiwu nke ọ ga-emesịa lụọ, ma kpebie ịnọrọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ebe ahụ.  Ọ bụ ezie na Royal Institute of British Architects gwara ya na ọ ga-esiri ya ike ịchọta ọrụ na London dị ka onye America na-enwechaghị ahụmahụ, ọ chọtara ọnọdụ akwụghị ụgwọ na omume Ernő Goldfinger .  Ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na HT Cadbury-Brown na 1949, na-enyere ya aka na atụmatụ maka Ememme Britain nke a ga-eme na 1951.   Ha lụrụ di na nwunye ma mesịa mee ọnụ. 

Ọnụ, ndị Cadbury-Brown jikọrọ aka na ọtụtụ ọrụ. N'ụlọ ọhụrụ maka Royal College of Art na Kensington Gore, London, nke HT Cadbury-Brown na Hugh Casson na Robert Goodden mere ma wuo n'etiti 1960 na 1963, Elizabeth bụ onye enyemaka na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ maka Ụlọ Nzukọ Gulbenkian, bụ ebe a na-ahụ mmetụta ya nke ọma.   &#x3A;&#x200A;5&#x200A;Di na nwunye ahụ rụkwara ọrụ ọnụ na Gravesend Civic Center na Gravesend ; na arụmarụ ụlọ kansụl na-arụ ụka na njedebe ụwa, Chelsea, site na 1963;  na ụlọ ihe nkiri nkuzi hexagonal maka Mahadum Essex na 1965–1967;   na ụlọ ọba akwụkwọ na ebe obibi akwụkwọ nke Royal Academy of Arts na Burlington House na Piccadilly site na 1985 ruo 1987;   na n'ụlọ nke Cadbury-Browns na Aldeburgh, Suffolk. 

## Ndụ onwe onye
Cadbury-Brown lụrụ onye ọka iwu Bekee William Dale na 1949.  Ọ gbara Dale alụkwaghịm wee lụọkwa HT Cadbury-Brown na 1953.  Alụmdi na nwunye mbụ ya biri n'udo wee bụrụ ezigbo enyi ya na Dale.  Ọ nwụrụ na Aldeburgh na 2002. 

## Ntụaka
E. William Gollings

Elling William Gollings (17 Maachị 1878 – 16 Eprel 1932) bụ onye omenkà America nke amụrụ na Pierce City, Idaho.  E gosipụtara ọrụ ya na ụlọ ọrụ America dị ka Gilcrease Museum na Oklahoma, Buffalo Bill Historical Center na Cody, Wyoming, na National Museum of Wildlife Art. .   

## Ihe atụ sitere n'aka E. William Gollings maka Onye isi nke JA6.  nke E. Joy Johnson dere

Usòrò:The_foreman_of_the_JA6;_a_novel_2.jpg
Usòrò:The_foreman_of_the_JA6;_a_novel_3.jpg
Usòrò:The_foreman_of_the_JA6;_a_novel_4.jpg
Usòrò:The_foreman_of_the_JA6;_a_novel_5.jpg
Usòrò:The_foreman_of_the_JA6;_a_novel_6.jpg
Usòrò:The_foreman_of_the_JA6;_a_novel_7.jpg


## Ntụaka
Peter Golfinopoulos

Peter Golfinopoulos bụ onye omenkà America.  A na-eji ụdịdị dị iche iche mara nke ọma n'ihe osise ya.

## Ndụ na Agụmakwụkwọ
Na-eje ozi afọ atọ na US Air Force.

Ndụ Ndị Art nke New York, 1950–1951.  Mụ na Edwin Dickinson na George Grosz akwụkwọ akwụkwọ.

Mahadum Columbia, BFA (1956) na MFA (1958).  Ihe kacha mkpa Golfinopoulos bụ nkà ihe ndị na-eme ihe mere eme nka.  Ọ gbasoro ihe ọmụmụ akwụkwọ na nkà ihe ndị ya na Robert Denoon Cumming na Albert Hofstadter wee six ikanozi ihe mere eme Meyer Schapiro nke ọma.  Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị Columbia, Golfinopoulos ihe na-akpa àgwà na Schapiro, ụka ha na-emetụta mmepụta ya.

Mgbe ọsịrị MFA ya, na 1958, Golfinopoulos mere ihe ngosi nwoke mbụ na Colette Roberts' Grand Central Moderns Gallery, [1]  wee nkuzi nwa oge na Schoollọ Akwụkwọ Ọma nke Ọma nke Columbia.  N'inye oge na 1968, na-eche na-enye nke awa na ọrụ ga-eme ihe, o nwere ike.  Mgbe e ịhụ, ọ nakweere sitere n'aka Stuart Klonis, mgbe ahụ onye isi nke Art Student League, ị otu ehihie kwa izu.  Ọ na-ejigide nkwa a ruo ugbu a, na-ahụ ya dị ka iwu dị mkpa.

Na 1963, Golfinopoulos zutere Charles Egan nke Charles Egan Gallery, bụ onye nlekọta onye na-ere ya na enyi ya.  Na Egan ọ ihera onye njikọ ya na ndị okpukpe mere eme, na ndị na-egosi maka nkà, mere ka ọ bụrụ onye nduzi dị mma maka onye na-eto eto na-ese ihe.  Site na Egan ọ hụrụ onye lụ ihe mere eme HH Arnason na onye nkatọ nka Harris Rosenstein, ndị ikike ha mara mma na ofufe ụka na-aga n'ihu nyere nkwado ndabere na omume ọzọ.  Ọbụbụenyi ya na Egan gara n'ihu ka emechiri gallery na 1972.

Alụrụ Anna Urban kwuru Yoga nkụzi.

## Ọrụ
Eserese ndị mbụ, 1958 ruo 1964, bụ nrọ Cartesian chiri anya. Site na 1964 ruo 1971, itinye aka na akụkọ ifo Joycean wetara ihe nlere anya n'echiche, na-apụ apụ, tụọ nke ọma, na nnukwu nnukwu akụkọ akụkọ. Ka na-arụ ọrụ n'okwu ndị na-abụghị nke nnọchite anya nke abstraction, enwere mgbanwe na mbido 1970 ka esemokwu dị egwu na-atọghe, mepere emepe na nke mmetụta uche.

Afọ 1985 ruo 1995 mepụtara "Alegories Comic," otu eserese akụkọ na-abụghị nke okike kpasuru site na mgbanwe ọnọdụ n'ụwa. Ha na-anọchi anya njem nlegharị anya nke onye na-ese ihe n'ime ihe atụ. "Charms," nke e dechara na 2005, bụ ihe osise nke usoro agụụ mmekọahụ. Ha na-ede akara ezumike na akụkọ dị ka mkpali na-emepụta ihe na nlọghachi n'ụdị dị nta, na-akpachi anya.

Ọrụ ndị kacha ọhụrụ bụ ịkọ nkọ ndị mara mma n'ime na maka enweghị ọrụ.

## Nchịkọta ihe ngosi nka

* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Hirshhorn, Washington, DC
* Ụlọ ihe nkiri Corcoran, Washington, DC
* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Brooklyn
* Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston
* Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, Ohio
* Mahadum Cornell, Ithaca, New York
* Herbert F. Johnson Museum nke Art
* Mahadum nke Iowa Museum of Art (nke dị na Figge Art Museum )
* Ụlọ akwụkwọ nke Rhode Island

Ọrụ Golfinopoulos dị n'ọtụtụ mkpokọta nzuzo na nke ụlọ ọrụ.

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Joseph Golinkin

Joseph Webster Golinkin (Septemba 10, 1896 - September 8, 1977) bụ onye omenkà America yana Rear Admiral na ndị agha mmiri mmiri United States.

## Akụkọ ndụ
Joseph Webster Golinkin nọ na ndị agha mmiri ruo n'afọ 1922. Mgbe ahụ, ọ gbara arụkwaghịm iji soro nrọ ya nke ịghọ onye na-ese ihe. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ gbara arụkwaghịm n'ọrụ ndị agha mmiri, a ka na-ewere ya dị ka onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike dị ka Lieutenant Commander. O birikwa na New York City, New York. Joseph Golinkin emegharịrị n'ime ndị agha mmiri n'afọ 1938. O mechara lara ezumike nka na ndị agha mmiri n'afọ 1958. Ọ nwetara ogo nke Rear Admiral. 

## Agụmakwụkwọ
Joseph Webster Golinkin nwetara akwụkwọ ya na Art Institute of Chicago. Ọ banyere na United States Naval Academy. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, e nyere ya ọrụ dị ka Ensign ma tinye ya ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na Agha Ụwa Mbụ. Golinkin gụrụ akwụkwọ n'okpuru onye na-ese akwụkwọ Ash Can, George Luks. 

## Ọrụ
Joseph Webster Golinkin nwera ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịchụso ọrụ nke ịbụ onye na-ese ihe, onye na-ebi, onye ọrụ mmiri, onye akwụkwọ soja, onye na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na onye ọrụ ebere.  Dị ka onye na-ese ihe, Golinkin ọrụ na mgbasa ozi dị iche iche echiche, agba mmiri na lithography.  Ọrụ ya na-agbasa gburugburu ihe nkiri New York, mmemme mmemme, na egwuregwu nke ndụ America na 1920 na 1930. [1] Enwere akwụkwọ ole na ole e agbasa bụ ndị ntakiri nka ya.  [2] Golinkin izila ọrụ ya n'oge akwụkwọ ozi ka na-eji ndị na-ese ihe atụ ihe.  Akwụkwọ ndị akwụkwọ ihe atụ ya New York Times, Vanity Fair, Fortune, Country Life, na akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ  

## Ihe ịga nke ọma
meri ihe nrite ọla edo na ngalaba ozi na 1932 Summer Olympics maka Scissors Ụkwụ ya.  [1] E nyere akwụkwọ Bronze mgbe ọ na-eje ozi na Agha mgbaàmà nke igbu. 

## Ntụaka
 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Joseph Golinkin at databaseOlympics.com (archived)
Thomas Hartley Cromek

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|253x253px| Foto nke Cromek, 1868
**Thomas Hartley Cromek** (1809-1873) bụ onye na-ese ihe Bekee.

## Ndụ
A mụrụ Cromek na 8 August 1809, nwa nwoke nke onye na-ese ihe Robert Hartley Cromek .  Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ Enoch Harrison dị na Wakefield ; ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Moravian na Fulneck, na ụlọ akwụkwọ Grammar na Wakefield, tupu ya emechaa laghachi Harrison. 

O nwetara nkuzi izizi ya na nka site n'aka James Hunter, onye na-ese ihe osise na Wakefield, mana na 1826 ọ gara Leeds ebe ọ gụrụ eserese odida obodo n'okpuru Joseph Rhodes, onye na-ese ihe nwere ikike dị ukwuu, ma kuziere onwe ya ihe osise anatomical. [2]

N'afọ 1830, o kpebiri ịga Ịtali ka ọ mụọ nnukwu nna ukwu. Ọ gafere Belgium, Rhineland, Switzerland, na Florence, wee ruo n'ikpeazụ ruo Rom, ebe ọ dọtara mmasị n'oge na-adịghị anya site na ọmarịcha ihe osise ya na iji nlezianya agba ya. Site na 1831 ruo 1849, ewezuga nleta abụọ dị mkpirikpi na England, Cromek gafere oge ya n'ileta na ime eserese nke ụlọ ndị bụ isi na ebe mara mma nke Italy na Gris. [3]

N'afọ 1850, a họpụtara ya n'otu ọnụ ka ọ bụrụ onye mmekọ nke New Society of Painters in Water-Colours, mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na Wakefield, bụ ebe ọ nwụrụ, mgbe ọ rịara ọrịa ogologo na mgbu, na 1873. Ihe osise ya, bụ nke a na-ahụkarị na nchịkọta eze na nke nzuzo, na-asọpụrụ nke ọma maka ịma mma nke agba ha na eziokwu ha na okike. [4]

## Ntụaka

## Isi mmalite

*
Marjory Allen, Baroness Allen nke Hurtwood

**Marjory Allen, Baroness Allen nke Hurtwood**, JP (née **Gill** ; 10 Mee 1897 &#x2013; 11 Eprel 1976), nke ndị enyi ya maara dị ka **Joan**, bụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ala Bekee na onye na-akwalite ọdịmma ụmụaka .

## Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Marjory Gill na Bexleyheath, Kent .  Nwanne ya nwoke bụ Colin Gill na nwa nwanne nna ya bụ Eric Gill . Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Bedales School na University College, Reading, ebe ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta diplọma na hotikoisho . N'afọ 1921, ọ lụrụ Clifford Allen, bụ́ onye isi otu òtù Independent Labour Party, bụ́ onye a tụrụ mkpọrọ n'ihi akọ na uche ya n'Agha Ụwa Mbụ .

## Ọrụ
Marjory Allen rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ụkpụrụ odida obodo n'ime afọ 1920 na 1930 wee họpụta ya onye mbụ na Institute of Landscape Architects na 1930.

Clifford Allen, onye emebere 1st Baron Allen nke Hurtwood na 1932, nwụrụ na 1939, na Lady Allen tụbara onwe ya n'ọrụ ya, na-enwekwa mmasị na ọdịmma ụmụaka. Mgbasa mgbasa ozi ya maka ụmụaka na nlekọta ụlọ ọrụ mere ka ọ gafere iwu ụmụaka 1948 . Ọ bụ onyeisi oche (1942 &#x2013; 1948) na onyeisi oche (1948 &#x2013; 1951) nke Nursery School Association of Great Britain, onye nchoputa nke World Organisation for Early Childhood Education, onye so na Central Advisory Council for Education (1945 &#x2013; 1949), na onye isi oche nke Council Advisory on Children's Entertainment Films (1944 &#x2013; 1950). N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, Lady Allen, site na nkwado nke odeakwụkwọ ime ụlọ, Herbert Morrison, onye ya na ya bụ enyi, hibere atụmatụ nke na-eme ka ihe mkpofu sitere na saịtị bọmbụ ghọọ ihe ụmụaka ji egwuri egwu.  Mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ gasịrị, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọrụ mmekọrịta na UNICEF na Europe na Middle East . 

Ọ gbara mkpọsa maka akụrụngwa maka ụmụaka na-etolite na mmepe ọhụrụ dị elu na obodo Britain wee dee ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ndị gosipụtara na isiokwu nke egwuregwu egwuregwu, ma ọ dịkarịa ala otu akwụkwọ na ebe egwuregwu egwuregwu, oghere maka imepụta ihe n'efu site na ụmụaka, nke nyeere aka. echiche gbasaa n'ụwa niile. 

## Ememe ncheta
Na Mee 2024, ekpughere ihe ncheta na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na nsọpụrụ Marjory Allen, na saịtị nke ụlọ ya n'etiti 1958 na 1966 na 22 Lawrence Street, Chelsea, London.  

## Ntụaka

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* Marjory Allen & Mary Nicholson: *Ihe ncheta nke nwanyị na-agụghị akwụkwọ: Lady Allen nke Hurtwood*, Thames & Hudson Ltd, 1975

## Njikọ mpụga

* Katalọgụ nke akwụkwọ Allen, nke emere na Modern Records Center, Mahadum Warwick
* Lady Allen nke Hurtwood na Susan Jellicoe 'The New Small Garden' 1956, 128 pp THE ARCHITECTURAL PRESS LONDON
Elizabeth Banks (onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ)

**Elizabeth Banks** CBE (amụrụ 1941),  bụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ ezumike nka Britain lara ezumike nka bụ ọkachamara na mweghachi nke ala akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ nwanyị mbụ na ọkachamara horticulturalist bụrụ onye isi oche nke Royal Horticultural Society  site na 2010 ruo 2013. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ CBE maka ọrụ ubi na 2017. 

## Royal Horticultural Society
Mgbe ọ malitesịrị azụmahịa ya na 1987, Banks haziri Rosemoor Gardens maka RHS. N'ime ọtụtụ afọ ọ rụkwara ubi isii arụnyere na Chelsea Flower Show wee nye ya nrite ọla edo maka ise n'ime ha. Banks jere ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke Royal Horticultural Society site na 2010 ruo 2013. Ọ bụ onye ọkachamara horticulturalist mbụ jigidere ọnọdụ a.  Ọ nọchiri Giles Code-Adams, onye jigoro ọkwa ahụ site na 2008 – 2010. 

## Ogige Hergest Croft
Banks na di ya, Lawrence, jisiri ike Hergest Croft Gardens site na 1988 – 2010, mgbe nwa ha nwoke nke nta, Edward, weghaara. N'oge a, ha haziri ma kụọ Maple Grove, yana osisi ndị ọzọ dị egwu.  Ha kwagara ibi na Ridgebourne, na Herefordshire . 

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Hergest Croft Gardens na Kington, Herefordshire n'ime Welsh Marshes
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Xavier Gonzalez

thumb| Gonzales n'aka ekpe, ya na Chris Karras na Ethel Edwards .
Xavier Gonzalez (1898-1993) bụ onye omenkà America.  Ụlọ akwụkwọ ya na Almeria, Spain.  [1] O biri na Argentina na Mexico oge ụfọdụ, ma na-eme egwuregwu onye injinia n'ebe a na-egwupụta ọla edo.  [1] Na 1925, ọ kwagara United States .

## Agụmakwụkwọ
Gonzalez mgbasa ya na Art Institute of Chicago site na 1921 ruo 1923, na nwanne nna ya, José Arpa, mụụrụ ihe n'ebe ahụ.  Ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na San Carlos Academy na Mexico City, yana Paris na n'Ebe Ọwụwa ntọala .  Na 1931, Gonzalez ekiri nwa amaala US, na na 1935, ọ na-ama onye omenkà Ethel Edwards (1914 – 1999), bụ onye gbara afọ iri na asaa ya obere yana nwa akwụkwọ ya na Newcomb .  [1] Ọ na-arụ ọrụ ma na-amụ ihe na onye ọrụ ibe ya bụ Julius Woeltz, bụ onye kasị mma na ịhụ ya.  [2] Gonzales nyere iwu nzere ụlọ oriri na ihe na Newcomb maka iji ụmụ akwụkwọ nkà ya.
thumb| ihe omumu maka ihe nleba anya ochichi oru na-aga n'ihu nke Gonzalez na-ese maka postoffice na Kilgore, Texas .
E mkpala ọrụ Gonzalez na United States dum, na Corcoran Gallery of Art, Whitney Museum of American Art, Metropolitan Museum of Art.  A mmasị nke ọma na Paris, Venice, Brussels na Tokyo .  Ọwọrọ nkà na Mahadum Tulane, Brooklyn Museum, Case Western Reserve University, na Newcomb Memorial School of Art, ma bụrụ onye nke ụlọ akwụkwọ nkà na Sul Ross State Teachers College na Alpine, Texas .  Na 1953, a mgbaàmà ya na National Academy of Design dị ka onye otu, wee bụrụ onye na-eji zuru oke na 1955. Ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ a na-akpọ "Onye mgbaàmà niile, The Epic of Gilgamesh" site Anita Feagles (1966)  .

Gonzalez nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa leukemia na 1993, mgbe ọ dị afọ 94, na Calvary Hospital na Bronx, New York City. .

## Murals

* Covington, Louisiana, *Tung Oil Industry*, 1939, mmanụ na kwaaji
* Hammond, Louisiana, *Strawberry Farming*, 1937, mmanụ na akwaaji
* Huntsville, Alabama, *Tennessee Valley Authority*, Federal Courthouse, mmanụ na kwaaji
* Kilgore, Texas, *Pioneer Saga*, 1941, mmanụ na akwaaji
* Kilgore, Texas, *Drilling for Oil*, 1941, mmanụ na akwaaji
* Kilgore, Texas, *Music of Plains*, 1941. mmanụ na kwaaji
* Kilgore, Texas, *Ntorobịa nke Oge A*, 1941. mmanụ na kwaaji

Nwunye ya, Ethel Edwards na-ese ihe osise 2;  otu iso Life on the Lake na 1942 na Lake Providence, Louisiana post office na nke ọzọ, Afternoon on a Texas Ranch, dechara na 1941 na Lampasas, Texas post office.

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* AskART
* nka
* Ụlọọrụ United States of Reclamation
* NYtimes.com
Hans-Erik Staby

**Hans-Erik Staby** (8 Septemba 1935 na Otjimbingwe -30 Nọvemba 2009 na Windhoek ) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Namibia na otu n'ime ndị isi na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ. Onye German Namibia, Staby bụ onye otu National Assembly of Namibia site na Mgbakọ Constituent tupu nnwere onwe na 1989 ruo mgbe arụkwaghịm na 1997 na Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA).  Staby nwụrụ na 30 Nọvemba 2009 n'ụlọ ya na Windhoek. 

A hoputara ya na Assembly White Legislative Assembly na 1980 ka onye otu Republican Party (RP), nke bụ akụkụ nke DTA mgbe ahụ. Ọ jere ozi na Mgbakọ Mgbakọ Namibia nwere onwe ọhụrụ na 1990 ma bụrụ onye na-ekwuchitere DTA na azụmaahịa na ego na NA site na 1990 ruo 1997. Na Nọvemba 2003 ọ sonyeere Action for Democratic Change - otu ndị bụbu ndị RP bụ ndị kpebiri ịnọnyere DTA kama isonye na mgbawa nke Henk Mudge duziri.

Staby bụ onye isi oche nke Namibia Institute for Democracy (NID) na nke Namibia-German Foundation. Ọ bụkwa onye so na ngalaba Namibia nke ngalaba na-ahụ maka nrụrụ aka nke Transparency International (TI) . Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Namibia Cricket Board (NCB) site na 1986 ruo 1999 na onye nlekọta nke NCB site na 2000 ruo 2003. Staby mere ezigbo mmetụta na mmepe cricket na Namibia. Ọ bụ ọkà okwu nwere nkà ma nwee ike ịkọ na icheta ọtụtụ akụkọ n'oge mmalite nke cricket na Namibia. Ọ gbara cricket otu egwuregwu maka Wanderers Cricket Club na mgbe ọ kwụsịrị n'egwuregwu ahụ ghọrọ onye na-agba bọọlụ cricket na otu mba. Ọ mechara bụrụ onye isi oche nke Wanderers Cricket Club ma bụrụkwa onye na-ahụ maka iwu ụlọ ọgbakọ na-aga nke ọma na nke ewu ewu na ọ bụghị naanị cricket mara mma kama skwọsh, hockey na akụrụngwa rugby. Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị dị ka onye isi ala Hans-Erik Staby, e nyere ya onye otu nsọpụrụ nke Cricket Namibia. 

Ndị lanarịrịnụ gụnyere nwunye ya, nwanne ya nwoke, ụmụnne ya nwanyị abụọ, ụmụ nwoke anọ na ụmụ ụmụ 11. 

## Agụmakwụkwọ
Staby nwetara nzere bachelọ nke Architecture, Mahadum Cape Town, South Africa (1959) wee debanye aha ya na Technische Universität, Berlin, West Germany (1960) maka ọmụmụ akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ.

## Ntụaka
Paul Lucien Dessau

**Paul Lucien Dessau**, (15 Septemba 1909 - 3 Septemba 1999), bụ onye omenkà Britain kacha mara amara maka eserese o mere n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ mgbe ọ na-eje ozi dị ka onye mgbanyụ ọkụ na London.  

## Akụkọ ndụ

### Ndụ mbido
Paul Dessau mụrụ na London, nke atọ n'ime ụmụ anọ. Nna ya nwụrụ mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ọ naghị eme nke ọma n'ụlọ akwụkwọ. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ sonyeere ụlọ ọrụ nka azụmahịa dị ka onye nkuzi, na-arụkarị ọrụ katalọgụ maka ụlọ ahịa ngalaba. N'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ hapụrụ ka ya na nwanne ya nwoke Bernard, bụ onye a na-akpọ Dewsbury Dessau malite ụlọ ọrụ nhazi nke ya. Ka ọ na-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ, Paul Dessau malitere ịmụ nwa oge na Hornsey School of Art wee gaa ọmụmụ ihe gbasara ahụ mmadụ na Central School of Art and Design ma mesịa malite igosi ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ London dị iche iche.  

### Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ
thumb| ''GV Blackstone, GM, London Fire Force'' (1941) (Art.IWM ART LD 1356)
Na mmalite nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ Paul Dessau, na nwanne ya nwoke Bernard, sonyeere Ọrụ Ọkụ Enyemaka, nke na 1941 ghọrọ National Fire Service . Ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe abanyela na NFS ma guzobe kọmitii ndị na-ese ọkụ nke gụnyere Bernard Hailstone, Leonard Rosoman, Norman Hepple na Robert Coram yana Dessau. NFS kwetara inyere ndị na-ese ihe aka ma ọ bụrụhaala na ọrụ ọkụ ọkụ ha na-adịghị emetụta ya na Kọmitii Advisory War Artists, WAAC, kwetara ịtụle ịzụrụ ọrụ ọ bụla emepụtara. Ka oge na-aga, WAAC ga-azụta opekata mpe ihe osise abụọ nke Dessau.  Na mgbakwunye na inye aka na WAAAC na ihe ngosi nka ọkachamara na-ahụ maka nchekwa obodo, ndị ọrụ mgbanyụ ọkụ mere ọtụtụ ihe ngosi nke ha. N'afọ 1941, otu Firemen Artist Group dọtara ihe dị ka mmadụ 64,000 n'ime otu ọnwa na nke mbụ n'ime ihe ngosi iri abụọ nke ha ga-eme na Ụlọ Ahịa Cooling.  Na mgbakwunye, e mere ihe ngosi nka ndị ọkụ ọkụ anọ na Royal Academy wee gagharịa na Britain n'oge agha ebe ihe ngosi abụọ ọzọ gara America na Canada. 

Ọtụtụ ọrụ Dessau gosipụtara na ihe ngosi oge agha ndị a gụnyere *na Ya mere Bed*, na-egosi uwe eji etinyere nke ọma nke onye mgbanyụ ọkụ inyeaka, na ọtụtụ ọmarịcha eserese gụnyere otu nke Divisional Officer Blackstone, onye e nyere George Medal maka omume ya mgbe ọkụ gbasịrị ọkụ. A tụrụ bọmbụ n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri n'oge Blitz .  *Menace* bụ set nke canvases anọ, ugbu a na London Fire Brigade Museum, nke isiokwu ya bụ *Overture*, *Crescendo*, *Rallentando* na *Diminuendo*, nke na-egosi ndị na-ere ọkụ na-alụ ọgụ megide nnukwu ọkụ mmụọ ọjọọ nke na-ewuli elu ha na akpa akpa mbụ, *Overture*, ma ụgha meriri. na ikpeazụ *Diminuendo* .  Dessau nyekwara ihe atụ na 1942 NFS anthology *Fire and Water*, na akwụkwọ nta 1943 WAAC *Air Raids* na akwụkwọ 1943 maka ndị ọkụ ọkụ nke Stephen Spender dere. 

### Mgbe e mesịrị ndụ
Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, Dessau na nwunye ya nke ọ lụrụ na 1935, si na London pụọ ma biri na mba ahụ, ebe ọ gbasoro ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ihe na-aga nke ọma.  Ọ bụkwa onye mezuru nke ọma, na onye kụziiri onwe ya ihe, onye na-akụ pian na, na-enwechaghị ihe ịga nke ọma, onye mepụtara ngwa ụlọ. 

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* 11 artworks by or after Paul Lucien Dessau at the Art UK site
Bertram Goodman

thumb|Archives of American Art - Bertram Goodman - 2125
Bertram A. Goodman (1904–1988) bụ onye omenkà America..

Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na School of American Sculpture, na na Art Students League of New York na 1925. Ọ bụ onye so na Federal Art Project nke eserese ya gụnyere, Evolution of the Book, na Theodore Roosevelt High School, murals na Washington Avenue na  Fordham Road na Bronx yana Quaker Settlers na Quakertown, Pennsylvania

Ọ bụ onye isi otu ndị nka nhata site na 1955 ruo 1956.[1]  Ọrụ ya dị na Brooklyn Museum [2] na Albright-Knox Art Gallery. 

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* ''Evolution of Tools'', eserese, na akụkọ ndụ sitere na ụlọ ọrụ Butler nke American Art
* ''Ndị a ọla m'', eserese
* ''Ndị ikom nwere Mannikin'', eserese
* Ire Christie nke 1992 ''The Evolution of Tools''
John Dunthorne

**John Dunthorne** (1770 – 19 Ọktoba 1844) bụ onye ihe osise Britain.

## Akụkọ ndụ
Dunthorne bụ onye ọkpọ mmiri na glazier n'ime obodo East Bergholt, Suffolk . Ọ bụ nwoke nwere ọgụgụ isi, ma tinye oge niile ohere ya n'ise eserese ala. Ụlọ ya dị nso n'ụlọ Golding Constable, na nwa nwoke nke ikpeazụ, John Constable, malitere mmekọrịta ya na Dunthorne, ma ọ bụ n'ime obere ụlọ Dunthorne, na n'ime mkpakọrịta ya, Constable tọrọ ntọala nke nnukwu ọrụ ya n'ọdịnihu. onye na-ese odida obodo. Dunthorne gara n'ihu ibi na East Bergholt ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ, na 19 October 1844, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri asaa na anọ. Site na nwunye ya Hannah o nwere ụmụ anọ, nke atọ n'ime ha bụ John Dunthorne, jun. (1798–1832), amuru na East Bergholt 19 Epril 1798 ma mee baptism n’ebe ahu 3 Jun. Mgbakwunye Constable na onye okenye Dunthorne ka agbatịkwuru n'ụzọ ka ukwuu nye nwa nwoke ahụ. Dunthorne na-eto eto ghọrọ onye na-eso Constable na onye inyeaka mgbe niile, ma n'ọkwa nke ikpeazụ baara ya uru nke ukwuu. O nwekwara nnukwu amamihe mgbakọ na mwepụ, ndị niile maara ya jikwa ya kpọrọ ihe nke ukwuu. Ọ na-ese odida obodo na akaụntụ nke ya, ma nye aka na ihe ngosi Royal Academy site na 1827 ruo 1832, na mgbe ụfọdụ na British Institution . Otú ọ dị, na 1832, ọ rịara ọrịa obi, bụ́ nke kpatara ọnwụ ya ná mmalite November nke afọ ahụ na East Bergholt, bụ́ ebe e liri ya. Enwekwara ndị na-ese ihe abụọ aha John Dunthorne, nna na nwa nwoke, bụ ndị bi na Colchester, ma nyekwa obere foto ụdị na ihe ngosi Royal Academy site na 1783 ruo 1792. E. Scott kanyere ụfọdụ n'ime ndị a na stipple na ndị ọzọ. A sịrị na Dunthorne nke tọrọ anwụọla na ọ bụ nwata, ma gosipụtakwa ike dị ukwuu.

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Media related to John Dunthorne at Wikimedia Commons
Irena Bauman

thumb| Tower na-arụ ọrụ na Holbeck
**Irena Bauman** (amụrụ 1955) bụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na onye na-arụkọ ọrụ na onye isi nke Bauman Lyons Architects. Ya na Maurice Lyons mebere ụlọ ọrụ a na 1992. Bauman bụ prọfesọ nke Sustainable Urbanism na Sheffield University School of Architecture  ma bụrụkwa onye nyocha nke mpụga na Welsh School of Architecture na Manchester School of Architecture .   Bauman na-ejide ọtụtụ ọnọdụ dị ka Onye isi oche nke Regional Design Review Panel, Onye isi oche nke Yorkshire Design Review, Patron of Urban Design Group, na ọ bụ onye otu Royal Society of Arts .   Ọ bụkwa Kọmishọna na -ahụ maka nhazi ihe owuwu na gburugburu ebe obibi maka UK site na 2002 ruo 2009. 

## Ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Irena Bauman na Warsaw na 1955.  Ọ bụ ada Zygmunt Bauman, ọkà mmụta mmekọrịta ọha na eze na onye ọkà ihe ọmụma Polish .   Bauman si Israel kwaga Leeds na 1972, mgbe ọ dị afọ 15. Na 1981, ọ nwetara BA na architecture na Liverpool University .

## Ọrụ
Ọrụ Bauman gụnyere Huddersfield Media Center project na Tower Works na Holbeck, Leeds, West Yorkshire, na-esote Leeds na Liverpool Canal ; nke £48&nbsp;oru ngo nde paụnd iji megharịa ụlọ ọrụ mbụ, nke ama ama maka ụlọ elu atọ edepụtara.  Ọ na-ahọrọ ịrụ ọrụ na mpaghara dịka akụkụ nke ebumnuche omume ya iji "jirichaa nrụpụta yana nweta nghọta miri emi banyere ebe."  O kwuru na ụlọ ọrụ ya agaghị aga ihe karịrị kilomita iri asaa maka ọrụ n'ihi na ọ na-amasị ya ịmata "ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na omenala" nke ebe ọ na-arụ ọrụ. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-ewepụtakwa ọrụ nke ya karịa ịnara ọrụ. 

Bauman ekwuola na ya "[kwere] nkwụsi ike [na-esochi okwu ndị dị ka mgbanwe ihu igwe, enweghị ọrụ, na ime ihe ike] ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime isi okwu nke narị afọ nke 21" nakwa na ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na-ekere òkè n'ịwulite nkwụsi ike nke ebe ndị dị na ya. nke ha na-arụ ọrụ.  Ebumnobi ụlọ ọrụ ya bụ iche echiche maka ikpe ziri ezi na nkwado ọha na eze site n'echiche ụkpụrụ ụlọ. 

O nyere aka hazie ogbako mba ụwa akpọrọ *Architecture and Resilience on Human Scale* nke emere na Sheffield School of Architecture na Septemba 2015.

## Ihe nrite
2000, o meriri Royal Institute of British Architects award maka ọrụ ya na njem ndịda Bridlington . 

## Na-ede
Ihe lekwasịrị anya n'akwụkwọ ya *Otu esi abụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ* bụ uru nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ na ọha mmadụ na ụkpụrụ omume dị n'azụ ụlọ. Bauman ekwuola, sị, "Dịka ndị na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ, anyị nwere nhọrọ nke otu esi eme ihe na enwere nhọrọ ziri ezi anyị nwere ike ime ma ndị ọkachamara na ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu. Achọrọ m ịkụziri ụmụ akwụkwọ ụkpụrụ ụlọ na ime obodo nke na-akwado usoro uru nke na-eme ka ọ baa uru. iji si n'àkwà bilie kwa ụtụtụ." 

Odewokwa ogidi maka akwụkwọ akụkọ *Building Design* na-atụle ụkpụrụ omume n'azụ ụlọ. 

N'ịgbakwụnye, ọ chịkọtara ọmụmụ ihe maka Royal Institute of British Architects na "mpaghara imegharị nke ọdịnihu," akpọrọ *Retrofitting Neighborhoods -Designing for Resilience.*  

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* baumanlyons.co.uk
* 
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Robert Goodnough

Robert Goodnough (October 23, 1917 - Ọktoba 2, 2010) bụ onye na-ese ihe ngosi nke onye America.  Onye agha nke Agha nke egwu, Goodnough bụ otu n'ime ụgbọ ikpeazụ nke ndị Akwụkwọ New York ;  (ọ bụ ebe na a na-akpọ ya dị ka onye so na "ọgbọ nke abụọ" nke Abstract Expressionists ), n'agbanyeghị na ọ gosiri ọrụ ya na veranda dị na New York City na ngosi 1950s.  Robert Goodnough bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe 24 sitere na ikike nke ndị agha 256 ndị eze na ihe ngosi nka 9th Street ama ama, (1951) na n'afọ niile na-esote New York Painting and Sculpture Annuals site na  1953 ruo 1957. [1] Afọ ndị a dị mkpa n'ihi na ndị na-ese ihe n'onwe ha mgbaàmà ndị ya.  Ná ọrụ ọrụ ya na 1950 o ike ihe osise ya na Wittenborn Gallery, NYC.  Ọta na Tibor de Nagy Gallery dị na New York City site na 1952 ruo 1970 na ọzọ site na 1984 ruo 1986. Na 1960 na 1961 nwere ihe ngosi ihe ngosi na The Art Institute of Chicago .  Onye agha ochie nke ọtụtụ ihe na-egosi solo na ịhụnanya ihe ngosi otu na United States na mba ofesi, Goodnough anụ ihe ngosi solo na 1969 na Whitney Museum of American Art na NYC na Albright-Knox Art Gallery na Buffalo.  Otu nnukwu ọrụ nke Goodnough egwu na Gọvanọ Nelson A. Rockefeller Empire State Plaza Art Collection na Albany, NY.  [2] N'afọ ndị sochirinụ, e wee ihe osise ya na ike Ubi Agba. 

N'ime 1940s Goodnough akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Syracuse wee jee ozi na US Army n'oge Agha IIwa nke gburu .  Mgbe agha ahụ eze na 1946 ọ gara Ozenfant School of Fine Arts na New York na ụlọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ Hans Hofmann na Provincetown, Massachusetts .  Oka akara ugo nna ya ukwu na Mahadum New York na 1950 mgbe nke ahụ akara ọ gosiri ihe osise ya n'ihu ọha nakwa ide maka akwụkwọ ARTnews .

Na 1992 a hoputara ya na National Academy of Design ka onye otu, wee bụrụ onye nkuzi zuru oke na 1994.

## Ntụaka

## Akwụkwọ

* Martin H. Bush, ''Goodnough'' (New York, NY : Abbeville Press, © 1982.) 
* Marika Herskovic, ''New York School Abstract Expressionists Choice nke Artists,'' (New York School Press, 2000.)  . p.&nbsp;16; p.&nbsp;37; pp.&nbsp;154–157
* Marika Herskovic, ''American Abstract na Ngosipụta ihe atụ: Style bụ Art Time Na-adịghị adịte aka'' (New York School Press, 2009.)  . pp.&nbsp;104–107

## Njikọ mpụga

* NY Times obituary
* Artnet
* Akwụkwọ akụkọ Studio, akụkọ ndụ
* Ihe osise ọhaneze na ọdụ Ossining dị na okporo ụzọ Metro-North Railroad, nke MTA Arts for Transit nyere ya.