Douglas Hyde

**Douglas Ross Hyde** (; 17 January 1860 – 12 July 1949), nke a maara dị ka , bụ ọkà mmụta asụsụ Irish, ọkà mmụta asụsụ, ọkà mmụta asụsụ Irish, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na onye nnọchi anya mba nke jere ozi dị ka onyeisi ala Ireland mbụ site na June 1938 ruo June 1945. Ọ bụ onye ndu na mmeghachi omume Gaelic, na onyeisi oche mbụ nke Gaelic League, otu n'ime òtù omenala kacha nwee mmetụta na Ireland n'oge ahụ.

## Ihe ndabere
A mụrụ Hyde n'ụlọ Longford dị na ndịda London Castlerea, County Roscommon, ebe nne ya, Elizabeth Hyde (onye mụrụ Oldfield; 1834–1886), nọ na obere nleta. Nna ya, Arthur Hyde, onye ezinụlọ ya si na Castlehyde dị nso na Fermoy, County Cork, bụ Church of Ireland rector nke Kilmactranny, County Sligo, site na 1852 ruo 1867, ọ bụkwa ebe a ka Hyde biri ndụ ya n'oge mbụ ya. Arthur Hyde na Elizabeth Oldfield lụrụ na County Roscommon, na 1852, ma mụta ụmụ atọ ndị ọzọ: Arthur Hyde (1853–79 na County Leitrim), John Oldfield Hyde (1854–96 na County Dublin), na Hugh Hyde (1856).

Na 1867, a họpụtara nna ya prebendary dịka onyeisi Tibohine, ezinụlọ ahụ kwagakwara n'ebe dị nso na Frenchpark, na County Roscommon. Nna ya na nwanne nne ya kụziiri ya ihe n'ụlọ n'ihi ọrịa nwata ya. Mgbe ọ bụ nwa okorobịa, ọ malitere ịnụ ka ndị agadi bi n'ógbè ahụ na-asụ asụsụ Irish. Onye na-elekọta egwuregwu bụ́ Séamus Hart na nwunye enyi ya, bụ́ Oriakụ Connolly, metụtara ya karịsịa. Mgbe Hart dị afọ iri na anọ, Hyde nwere mwute mgbe ọ nwụrụ, mmasị ya n'asụsụ Irish—asụsụ mbụ ọ malitere ịmụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu, dịka ọrụ nke ya—dịkwa ka ọ malitere ruo oge ụfọdụ. Agbanyeghị, ọ gara Dublin ọtụtụ ugboro wee chọpụta na e nwere otu ìgwè mmadụ, dịka ya, nwere mmasị na Irish, asụsụ ọtụtụ mmadụ lere anya n'ala n'oge ahụ, a na-ahụkwa ya dị ka asụsụ na-aga azụ ma na-aga n'ihu.

N'ịjụ nrụgide ezinụlọ nke na, dịka ọgbọ Hydes gara aga, ọ ga-agbaso ọrụ dịka onye ụkọchukwu Anglican, Hyde ghọziri onye gụrụ akwụkwọ. Ọ banyere Trinity College Dublin, ebe ọ mụtara asụsụ French nke ọma, Latin, German, Grik, na Hibru, gụchara akwụkwọ na 1884 dịka onye nhazi akwụkwọ nke oge a. Dịka onye meriri ihe nrite nke College Historical Society, a họpụtara ya dị ka onyeisi oche ha na 1931. Mmasị o nwere maka mmelite asụsụ nke ndị Irish, nke nọ na-ada ada nke ukwuu, dugara ya n'inyere aka guzobe Gaelic League, ma ọ bụ n'asụsụ Irish, , na 1893.

Hyde lụrụ onye a mụrụ na Germany mana a zụlitere na Britain Lucy Kurtz na 1893. Di na nwunye ahụ nwere ụmụ nwanyị abụọ, Nuala na Úna.

## Nzukọ Conradh na Gaeilge/Gaelic

Hyde sonyeere Society for the Preservation of the Irish Language n'ihe dịka afọ 1880, n'agbata afọ 1879 na 1884, o bipụtara ihe karịrị otu narị iberibe amaokwu Irish n'okpuru aha pen .

Ná mmalite, ndị otu asụsụ Irish chịrị ọchị, ọtụtụ ndị na-eso ụzọ ha. Hyde nyere aka guzobe *[[Gaelic Journal]]* na 1892; na Nọvemba, o dere akwụkwọ mkpughe nke akpọrọ *Mkpa dị mkpa maka ịchekwa asụsụ Irish*, na-arụ ụka na Ireland kwesịrị ịgbaso omenala nke ya n'asụsụ, akwụkwọ, na uwe.

Na afọ 1893, o nyere aka guzobe Conradh na Gaeilge (Gaelic League) iji gbaa ume ka e chekwaa omenala, egwu, ịgba egwu na asụsụ ndị Ireland. Ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke ndị Republic of Irish (gụnyere Pádraig Pearse, Éamon de Valera, Michael Collins na Ernest Blythe), ghọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị site na itinye aka ha na Conradh na Gaeilge. Hyde dejupụtara fọm ọnụọgụgụ mmadụ nke afọ 1911 n'asụsụ Irish.

N'ịbụ onye na-enweghi ahụ iru ala maka mmụba nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke mmegharị ahụ, Hyde gbara arụkwaghịm n'ọkwa onyeisiala na 1915. Onye sọ wee guzobe otu League ahụ Eoin MacNeill nọchiri ya.

## Sinetọ

Hyde enweghị njikọ ọ bụla na Sinn Féin na mmegharị nnwere onwe. A họpụtara ya na Seanad Éireann, ụlọ elu nke Irish Free State nke Oireachtas (parliament), na ntuli aka ime obodo na 4 Febụwarị 1925, wee dochie Sir Hutcheson Poë.

N'ime ntuli aka 1925 Seanad, Hyde tinyere nke iri abụọ na asatọ n'ime mmadụ iri asaa na asatọ ahụ, ebe oche iri na itoolu dị. Ndị Ndị Katọlik Eziokwu Society megidere ya maka Ndị Protestant ya ma kpọsaa na ọ kwadoro ịgba alụkwaghịm. Ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme ekwuola na mkpọsa CTS abaghị uru, nakwa na ndị na-akwado asụsụ Irish emeghị nke ọma, ebe ndị niile Gaelic League kwadoro meriri.

Ọ laghachiri n'agụmakwụkwọ dịka Prọfesọ nke Irish na University College Dublin, ebe otu n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ ya bụ ọdịnihu Ọkaiwu Ukwu nke Ireland, Onyeisi Ọkaikpe nke Ireland na Onyeisiala nke Ireland, Cearbhal Ó Dálaigh.

## Onyeisiala mba Ireland

### Nhọpụta

N'April 1938, ka ọ dị ugbu a lara ezumike nká na agụmakwụkwọ, Taoiseach Éamon de Valera napụrụ Hyde na ezumike nka ma họpụta ya ọzọ Seanad Éireann. Ọzọkwa, oge ọrụ ya dị mkpụmkpụ, ọbụna dị mkpụmkpụ karịa ka ọ dị na mbụ; agbanyeghị, oge a ọ bụ n'ihi na a họpụtara Hyde, mgbe mkparịta ụka dị n'etiti ndị otu pati gasịrị—na-eso aro mbụ nke Fine Gael—ka ọ bụrụ Onyeisiala mbụ nke Ireland, nke a họpụtara ya n'ọkwa na-enweghị onye mmegide. A họpụtara ya maka ọtụtụ ihe kpatara ya:

*Ma Taoiseach, Éamon de Valera, na onye ndu nke mmegide, W. T. Cosgrave, masịrị ya.
*Ha abụọ chọrọ ka Onyeisiala nwere ugwu zuru ụwa ọnụ nye ọkwa ọhụrụ ahụ ntụkwasị obi, ọkachasị ebe ọ bụ na Iwu ọhụrụ nke afọ 1937 mere ka ọ doo anya ma ọ bụ Onyeisiala maọbụ eze Britain bụ onyeisiala gọọmentị.
*Ha abụọ chọrọ iwepụ ihere ahụ mere mgbe Hyde tụfuru oche Sineti ya na 1925.
*Ha abụọ chọrọ Onyeisiala ga-egosi na ọ dịghị ihe egwu na onye ga-ejide ọkwa ahụ ga-aghọ onye ọchịchị aka ike, egwu zuru ebe niile mgbe a na-atụle iwu ọhụrụ na 1937.
*Ha abụọ chọrọ ịsọpụrụ ọrụ Hyde rụrụ n'ịkwalite asụsụ Irish.
*Ha abụọ chọrọ ịhọrọ onye na-abụghị onye Katọlik iji gosi na Steeti ahụ bụ "steeti nkwupụta nzuzo", ọ bụ ezie na na 11 Mee 1937 Seán MacEntee, Minista ego Fianna Fáil, kọwara Iwu nke 1937 na Dáil Éireann dị ka "Iwu nke Ọchịchị Katọlik".

### Mmalite

E hiwere Hyde dịka Onyeisiala mbụ nke Ireland, na 26 Juun 1938. *[[The Irish Times]]* kọrọ ya dịka ndị a:

**N'ụtụtụ [Dr Hyde] gara emume n'ime [[Katidral St Patrick, Dublin|Katidral St. Patrick]] nke [[Achịbishọp nke Dublin]] na-edu, Dr. [[John Gregg (achịbishọp nke Armagh)|Gregg]]. Maazị de Valera na ndị ọrụ ibe ya gara emume emume Votive Mass dị nsọ na Katidral Pro-Cathedral, e nwekwara emume n'ụlọ ụka Presbyterian na Methodist bụ́ isi, tinyekwara n'ụlọ nzukọ ndị Juu. E tinyere Dr. Hyde n'ọkwa dị elu n'Ụlọ Elu Dublin, ebe Onyeisi Ikpe nyefere akara ọkwa ahụ. Ihe dị ka mmadụ 200 bịara, gụnyere ndị isi nke ndị ọkaikpe na ndị isi nke Chọọchị. Mgbe emume ahụ gasịrị, Onyeisiala Hyde ji ụgbọala na-aga n'usoro n'okporo ámá ndị e ji ọkọlọtọ kpụọ. Njem ahụ kwụsịrị ruo nkeji abụọ n'èzí [[Ụlọ Ọrụ Ozi Izugbe]] iji sọpụrụ ndị ikom ahụ nwụrụ n'oge nnupụisi Izu Ista nke afọ 1916. Ọtụtụ mmadụ gbakọtara n'okporo ámá site na Castle ruo Vice-Regal Lodge, a nabatakwara Onyeisiala ahụ nke ọma site n'iti mkpu ọṅụ. O yi uwe ụtụtụ, mana Maazị de Valera na Maazị [[Sean T. O'Kelly]], bụ́ ndị so Dr. Hyde n'ụgbọala ọzọ, yi uwe ojii nwere okpu e ji aka mee.

**N'uhuruchi, e nwere emume na Ụlọ Elu Dublin nke na-enweghị ihe atụ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị Ireland. Maazị na Oriakụ de Valera nabatara ihe dị ka ndị ọbịa 1,500 n'oriri e mere iji sọpụrụ Onyeisiala. E mere emume oriri ahụ n'Ụlọ Nzukọ St. Patrick, ebe a ka na-akwụnye ọkọlọtọ nke ndị Knights of St. Patrick. Ndị bịara ya gụnyere ndị otu Dáil na Sineti niile tinyere ụmụ nwanyị ha, ndị otu ikpe na ndị isi ọrụ obodo, Dr. Paschal Robinson, onye nnọchiteanya Pope n'isi ndị otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ọtụtụ ndị Bishọp Katọlik nke Roman, Primate nke Ireland niile, Achịbishọp nke Dublin, Bishọp nke Killaloe, ndị isi nke ọgbakọ Presbyterian na Metọdist, Onyeisi na osote onyeisi nke Trinity College, na onyeisi nke Mahadum Mba. Ọ bụ mmemme kachasị mma emere na Dublin kemgbe e guzobere usoro ọhụrụ a na Ireland, a pụkwara iwere nzukọ ahụ, dịka o si mee n'echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, okpukperechi, na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na Éire [Ireland], dị ka obere ihe dị na Ireland ọhụrụ.*'

Hyde setịpụrụ ihe nlereanya site n'ịgụ Nkwupụta Ọkwa Onyeisiala n'asụsụ Irish. Okwu ya, nke e dere n'asụsụ Roscommon Irish, bụ otu n'ime ndekọ ole na ole nke olumba nke Hyde so n'ime ndị ikpeazụ kwuru okwu ya. Mgbe e webatara ya, ọ kwagara n'ụlọ ezumike Viceregal nke nwere ohere ogologo oge na [[Phoenix Park]], ebe a maara dị ka [[Áras an Uachtaráin]].

Nhọpụta na nhọpụta Hyde dọtara mmasị ndị mgbasa ozi n'ụwa niile, akwụkwọ akụkọ dị na Ọstrelia, Niu Ziland, Saụt Afrịka, Ajentina, na ọbụna Ijipt kpuchiri ya. Hitler "nyere" akwụkwọ akụkọ Berlin iwu ka ha "gbaa mbọ" gosi pụta emume echichi onyeisiala Ireland. Agbanyeghị, gọọmentị Britain leghaara ihe omume ahụ anya. Minista ego nke Northern Ireland, [[J. M. Andrews]], kọwara nhọpụta Hyde dị ka "ihe na-adịghị mma gbasara Eze" na "ọdachi dị njọ".

===Onyeisiala===
N'agbanyeghị na e tinyere ya n'ọnọdụ ịhazi ọkwa onyeisiala site na mbido, Hyde họọrọ ịkọwa ọkwa ahụ n'ụzọ dị jụụ, nke a na-echekwa echiche nke ọma. Afọ na ahụike ya mere ka o nwee ike ịhazi oge izu ike n'ụbọchị ya niile, enweghị ahụmịhe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mere ka ọ na-agbaso ndị ndụmọdụ ya n'okwu gbasara amụma na ikike ikpebiri onwe ya ihe, karịsịa nye odeakwụkwọ ya, Michael McDunphy. Na 13 Nọvemba 1938, ọnwa ole na ole ka e chiri Hyde, Hyde gara egwuregwu bọọlụ mba ụwa n'etiti Ireland na [[Poland]] na [[Dalymount Park]] na Dublin. A hụrụ nke a dị ka mmebi iwu [[Gaelic Athletic Association|GAA]] machibidoro 'egwuregwu mba ofesi', e mesịakwa chụpụ ya dị ka onye na-akwado GAA, nsọpụrụ o nwere kemgbe 1902.

Mgbe ọrịa strok gbasịrị ya n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 1940, e mere atụmatụ maka ịla ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ na olili ozu steeti. Agbanyeghị, Hyde dị ndụ, n'agbanyeghị na ọ kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ ma na-eji oche nkwagharị.

Ọ bụ ezie na ọrụ Onyeisiala mba Ireland bụ ihe emume, Onyeisiala nwere ikike n'okpuru [[Iwu Ireland]] ịjụ inye iwu ka a gbanyụọ Dáil ebe ndị Taoiseach akwụsịla ijigide nkwado nke ọtụtụ ndị Dáil. Onyeisiala bụkwa onye na-ahụ maka iwu obodo, o nwekwara ike ibuga iwu ahụ n'Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu tupu ọ bịanye aka na ya.

Na 31 Julaị 1943, ndị ọrụ ozi Ireland wepụtara stampụ ozi ọnụ ahịa ya bụ ½ na 2½ pence nwere foto Hyde iji cheta afọ iri ise nke [[Gaelic League]].

Hyde na gọọmentị chere ihu ihe ịma aka nke otu esi eme ntuli aka n'oge nsogbu mba, dịka [[Dáil nke iri]] kwesịrị ịgwụ na 1943, nke chọrọ ka a gbapụ ya ma mee ntuli aka izugbe. Iwu na iwu ntuli aka chọrọ ka a gbazee Dáil tupu mkpọsa ntuli aka ahụ, nwere oghere dị n'etiti izu anọ ruo isii n'etiti mgbasa nke Dáil na-apụ apụ na nzukọ mbụ nke Dáil ọhụrụ. Ịtụ egwu oghere a nwere ike ime ka mwakpo dị mfe n'oge [[Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]], n'ime oge a enweghị ike ịkpọ ndị omeiwu ka ọ mee ihe, gọọmentị buru ụzọ nwaa ịzere ịme ntuli aka site na ịgbatị oge Dáil ruo afọ isii (okwu Dáil kachasị n'okpuru iwu bụ afọ 7,  mana e debere ya (ma debe ya) n'ime afọ ise n'iwu). Gọọmentị hapụrụ nke a n'ihi enweghị nkwado sitere n'aka ndị mmegide. Kama nke ahụ, Oireachtas gafere ya [https://web.archive.org/web/20051205033004/http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA11Y1943.html Iwu Ntuli Aka Izugbe (Ike Mberede) nke 1943] n'okpuru ihe mberede nke Isiokwu 28.3.3°. Nke a mere ka a kpọọ ntuli aka iche na nkewa, ebe a na-agbaze Dáil naanị tupu Dáil ọhụrụ akpọkọta. Nke a mere ka oghere dị n'etiti Dála dị oke mkpụmkpụ nke na ọ gaghị ekwe omume ime mkpebi dị mkpa. Dịka Iwu ahụ si dị, Onyeisiala nwere ike "ịjụ ịkpọsa ntuli aka izugbe site na ndụmọdụ nke onye Taoiseach nke kwụsịrị ijigide nkwado nke ọtụtụ mmadụ na Dáil Éireann".

Hyde zutere nsogbu n'afọ 1944 mgbe ọchịchị de Valera dara ada na mberede na ntuli aka na Iwu Ụgbọ njem. Hyde nwere nhọrọ ịjụ ịkpọsa ntuli aka ahụ mana, mgbe ya na onye ndụmọdụ ya dị elu bụ Michael McDunphy tụlechara ya, o kwetara na ya.

Hyde jiri ikike ya mee ihe ugboro abụọ n'okpuru Nkeji edemede 26 nke Iwu, mgbe ọ gara na [[Kọsụl nke Steeti (Ireland)|Kọsụl nke Steeti]], iji ziga Iwu ma ọ bụ akụkụ nke Iwu ahụ n'Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu, maka mkpebi ụlọ ikpe gbasara ma Iwu ahụ ma ọ bụ akụkụ ya e kwuru okwu ya bụ ihe na-emegide Iwu (ka e wee ghara ịbanye na Iwu ahụ). N'oge mbụ, ụlọ ikpe ahụ kpebiri na Iwu ahụ e zoro aka na ya - Mpụ Megide Ọchịchị (Mgbanwe) Iwu 1940 - abụghị ihe megidere Iwu. N'ịzaghachi na ntụaka nke abụọ, Ụlọikpe ahụ kpebiri na ndokwa ahụ e zoro aka na ya - nkebi nke 4 nke Iwu Ịbịa Ụlọ Akwụkwọ nke 1942 - bụ ihe na-emegide Iwu. N'ihi Isiokwu nke 34.3.3° nke Iwu ahụ, nrubeisi iwu nke Iwu Mpụ Megide Ọchịchị (Mgbanwe) nke 1940 enweghị ike ịgbagha ya n'ụlọ ikpe ọ bụla, ebe ọ bụ na Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu chọpụtara na Iwu ahụ nke ghọrọ Iwu ahụ abụghị ihe arụ n'ihe gbasara ntụaka nke Isiokwu 26.

Otu n'ime ihe Hyde mere n'oge ikpeazụ ọ gara n'ọchịchị bụ nleta ọ gara n'ụlọ nnọchiteanya Germany [[Eduard Hempel]], na 3 Mee 1945, iji gosi mwute ya maka [[ọnwụ Adolf Hitler]]. Nleta ahụ ka bụ ihe nzuzo ruo afọ 2005.

==Ezumike nká na ọnwụ==

Hyde hapụrụ ọkwa ya na 25 Juun 1945, wee họrọ ịghara ịhọpụta onwe ya maka oge nke abụọ. N'ihi ọrịa ya, ọ lọtaghị n'ụlọ ya Roscommon, 'Ratra', tọgbọ chakoo kemgbe nwunye ya nwụrụ n'oge mbido ọchịchị ya. Ọ kwagara n'ebe obibi mbụ nke Odeakwụkwọ nke Lord Lieutenant, na ala nke Áras an Uachtaráin, nke o tinyere aha ya dịka *Little Ratra*, ebe ọ biri afọ anọ fọdụrụ n'ime ndụ ya. Ọ nwụrụ n'elekere iri nke abalị na 12 Julaị 1949, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri asatọ na itoolu.

==Olili ozu steeti==



Dịka onye bụbu Onyeisiala Ireland, e nyere Hyde [[Ndepụta nke olili ozu steeti Ireland|olili ozu steeti]]. Ebe ọ bụ onye otu [[Church of Ireland]], emume olili ozu ya mere na Chọọchị Ireland nke Dublin [[St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin|St. Patrick's Cathedral]]. Agbanyeghị, iwu nke oge a nke [[Ụlọ Nzukọ Katọlik nke Rom na Ireland]] machibidoro ndị otu ya ịga emume n'ụlọ ụka ndị na-abụghị nke Katọlik. N'ihi ya, mmadụ niile nọ na kabinet Katọlik, [[Noël Browne]], nọgidere n'èzí ogige katidral ahụ mgbe a na-eme emume olili ozu ahụ. Ha sonyeere ndị otu ahụ mgbe igbe ozu ya si n'ụlọ nzukọ ahụ pụọ. Éamon de Valera, ugbu a [[Onyeisi nke Ndị Mmegide (Ireland)|Onyeisi nke Ndị Mmegide]], abịaghịkwa. Kama, otu onye agadi [[Fianna Fáil]] onye otu Chọọchị Ireland nọchitere anya ya, [[Erskine Hamilton Childers|Erskine H. Childers]], onye ga-abụ Onyeisiala mba Ireland n'onwe ya. E liri Hyde na Frenchpark, County Roscommon na Portahard Church, (ebe o biri ihe ka ukwuu n'oge ọ bụ nwata) n'akụkụ nwunye ya bụ Lucy, ada ya bụ Nuala, nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Annette, nne ya bụ Elizabeth, na nna ya bụ Arthur.

==Na ebe nchekwa==



==Edensibia==


==Njikọ mpụga==



*[http://www.president.ie/past_presidents/douglas-hyde/ Biography at Áras an Uachtaráin website]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110721131340/http://www.oireachtas.ie/members-hist/default.asp?MemberFirstName=&MemberName=Hyde&disp=src Oireachtas Members Database – Profile]
*Dunleavy, Janet Egleson and Gareth W. Dunleavy. *Douglas Hyde: A Maker of Modern Ireland*. Berkeley et al.: Univ. of California Press, 1991. [http://www.escholarship.org/editions/view?docId=ft2w1004tq;brand=eschol Available from eScholarship].
*Hyde, Douglas. *The Love Songs of Connacht: Being the Fourth Chapter of the Songs of Connacht''. Dundrum, Ireland: Dun Emer Press, 1904. Available from Google Books.