Osimiri Brass

**Osimiri Brass** bụ otu n'ime alaka nke Osimiri Nun, nke  bụ alaka nke Osimir Niger, na Niger Delta nke dị Naijiria.[1]Na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, osimiri ahụ bụ ụzọ azụmaahịa dị mkpa, nke mbụ maka ndị ohu ma mesịa maka mmanụ nkwụ. A na-akpọ mmanụ Brass River Crude aha maka ụlọ nrụpụta  n'osimiri ahụ.

## Aha ya
Aha "Brass" bụ nke Europe, a na-ekwu na e nyere obodo nta dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri Nembe n'ihi na ha na-azụ ahịa maka pan brass na neptunes iji sie nnu."Brass Ijo" bụ Ndị Ijaw  site na Cape Formosa ruo Osimiri Santa Barbara.A na-eji aha ahụ mee ihe kpọmkwem maka obodo Twon nke dị n'osimiri Brass, ụzọ na-aga n'isi obodo Nembe n'ime ime obodo.[2]  N'afọ 1884 rụo afọ 1886 "Brass" zoro aka na steeti Nembe.[3]A na-akpọkwa osimiri Brass Rio Bento, ma ọ bụ osimiri St. John.[4]

## Ụzọ
Osimiri Brass bụ alaka, ma ọ bụ nkesa, nke Osimiri Nun, nke na-asọba n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ.[5]Osimiri Nun n'onwe ya bụ ihe na-aga n'ihu na Osimiri Niger, nke kewara n'ime Osimiri Nun na Forçados ihe dị ka kilomita 32 (20 mi) site na Aboh.[6]Brass na-ahapụ akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Nun na Yenagoa ma na-asọba n'ebe ndịda iji banye na Gulf of Guinea.[7]Ala ndị dị n'osimiri ahụ nwere usoro mmiri na-agbanye mmiri, nke nwere elu dị elu n'akụkụ ala ndị ahụ karịa n'etiti.[5]Mmiri na-agbanwe dabere na oge na ọnọdụ nke ebili mmiri: [8]

A na-echebe ọnụ osimiri ahụ site na ájá, nke na 1893 enweghị ike ịgafe ụgbọ mmiri nwere ihe karịrị ụkwụ 16 (4.9 . [9]Akassa creek, 1.5 miles (2.4 k n'ime ala site n'ọnụ osimiri ahụ, nyere ụzọ site na osimiri Brass gaa n'osimiri Nun maka ụgbọ mmiri nke 7 feet (2.1 m) draft. Ndị ahịa na-azụ ahịa na-ejikarị ya eme ihe na Niger, ebe ọ bụ na ọnụ ụzọ nke Brass dị mfe karịa nke Nun. Ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Brass n'ime ọnụ ụzọ, na-ahụ maka azụmahịa dị ukwuu na mmanụ nkwụ na ọdụ́.[10]N'oge ahụ Akedo, ihe dị 26 kilomita)  (42 n'elu Cape Nun, bụ ebe ahịa maka ndị ahịa si n'osimiri Brass.[11]

Obodo Twon-Brass dị nso n'ọnụ Osimiri Brass. Nke a bụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na mmalite narị afọ nke 19, ma mesịa bụrụ ebe nchịkọta maka mmanụ nkwụ na mkpụrụ osisi.[12]N'afọ 2005, ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala Naịjirịa Agip (NAOC) na-emepụta mmanụ site na olulu mmiri 146, ma na-arụ ọrụ na ọdụ mbupụ na Brass River.[13]Mmanụ Brass River Crude bụ mmanụ na-atọ ụtọ.[7]

## Nnyocha mbụ nke Europe
Na 17 na 18, ndị Portugal na-achịkwa Osimiri Brass, nke mechiri ndị ahịa Britain ma bụrụ ụzọ isi zipụ ndị ohu na Amerịka.Obodo Brass enweghị ike iru, ọ bụ naanị site na iyi.Mgbe 1807 gasịrị, ndị Britain malitere ịnwa ịkwụsị ahịa ohu.Don Pablo Frexas, ya na ndị isi nke Brass na Bonny, bụ onye isi na-ahazi ahịa ohu nke osimiri ahụ.[14]James Holman gara n'ụsọ oké osimiri Guinea n'oge njem ya nke 1827-32 gburugburu ụwa.Holman chọpụtara na osimiri niile dị n'etiti Bonny na Cape Formosa na-ekwurịta okwu n'ime ime obodo, ha niile nwere ike ịgafe ụgbọ mmiri.[15]O dere,
 
Na Onwa June 1830, onye nchọpụta Richard Lemon Lander na nwanne a nwoke John rutere Bussa na Niger, ebe Mungo Park nwụrụ.[17]Mgbe ha nyochachara mpaghara ahụ, ha malitere gbadaa Niger na 20 Septemba 1830, wee rute Brass Town na 14 Nọvemba 1830.[18]E wuru Brass Town  a n'elu nnukwu iyi, nke jikọtara ya na osimiri Nun na Brass site na ọtụtụ osimiri na-agbagharị agbagharị.[19]Akụkọ banyere njem ahụ na-ekwu,
 
N'afọ 1838, ụgbọ mmiri nke HMS Viper rịgooro n'osimiri Brass ruo ihe dị ka  iri isii (97).Ha kọrọ na ọ dị mita 400 (370  n'obosara, na 9 ruo 10 fathoms (54 ruo 60   omimi.Osisi mangrove ndị a na-apụghị ịgafe agafe jupụtara n'akụkụ osimiri ndị ahụ.Na njem nloghachi ha nwetara enyemaka site na mmiri na-agba ọsọ na 7 knots (13 km / h; 8.1  n'akụkụ ụsọ oké osimiri ọdịda anyanwụ.[21]

## Ahịa ohu
Akụkọ 1842 nyere British House of Commons kwuru na "A pụrụ iwere ndị ohu site na Bonny gaa na Osimiri Brass, ma kpọga ha ebe ahụ; Osimiri Bras abụghị n'okpuru Eze Peppel, a ghaghịkwa ime nkwekọrịta dị iche iche na ndị eze ... Ndị ọrụ si na Brazils na Havannah na-azụ ahịa ohu. Eze Peppel anaghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma, Ọ nwere ike ichegbu onwe ya na ahịa ohu na Osimiri Brown.[22]
 
N'abalị iri na asaa n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 1856, Thomas Joseph Hutchinson, onye nnọchi anya Eze Ukwu Briten maka Bight nke Biafra na agwaetiti Fernando Po, sooro ndị eze nke mpaghara ndị dị n'akụkụ Osimiri Brass kwado. Ha kwetara ịkwụsị ahia ohu, ma kwekọrịta na ụgwọ ndị ọkwọ ụgbọelu, ọrụ na usoro ahia ndị ọzọ.[24]Hutchinson kọrọ banyere nleta ọ gara Brass na 9 Julaị 1857,

N'afọ 1847 ọhụrụ nke Stuart na Douglas zụtara 282 tọn barque, *Adriana*, ma ziga ya na Osimiri Brass. A gwara onye orụ ha ka ha nye ndị isi obodo òkè nke uru na- enweta n'ahia nkwụ ma ọ bụrụ na ha kwụsị ịzụ ahịa ohu. Nke  bụ mmalite nke azụmahịa ọhụrụ na-enye nnukwu ego.[26] Onye nta akụkọ Naijiria a ma ama na onye na-ahụ mba n'anya bụ John Payne Jackson na mbụ chọrọ ịbụ  ahịa.Mgbe ọ gachara njem n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Afrịka, na ngwụcha afọ 1860, ọ chọtara ọrụ na onye ahịa Lagos a ma ama J. S. Leigh.E zigara ya na Osimiri Brass n'afọ 1870 iji jikwaa ọdụ Leigh n'ebe ahụ.[27]Jackson gbasara n'ịzụ ahịa ngwaahịa nkwụ n'onwe ya, mana ndị asọmpi Europe manyere ya ịpụ na azụmahịa, ahụmịhe nke nwere ike imetụta echiche ya n'ebe ndị Europe nọ.[28]

S. A. Crowther, Bishọp nke Niger Territory, kọrọ n'afo 1885 na ndị a tọghatara na Nembe, Brass River, nyere aka n'iwu ụlọ ụka ígwè. E meghere ya na 9 Ọktoba 1884 n'ihu ọgbakọ nke mmadụ 1,202. Ọgbakọ nke St. Barnabas dị na Tawn,[ ala- ala 3] Brass River, amalitela inye onyinye maka ụlọ ụka ígwè yiri nke ahụ. [29]

N'otu oge, obodo Twon-Brass bụ isi ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke alaeze Nembe, nke otu onye ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme kpọrọ "Venice nke Niger Delta", na-achịkwa ahịa nkwụ nke mpaghara ahụ.  Mgbe ụlọ ọrụ Royal Niger ghọrọ ndị na-agbasi mbọ ike na azụmaahịa ahụ, akụ na ụba obodo ahụ mebiri nke ukwuu.[30]  Na Jenụwarị 1895, eze Nembe William Koko duziri mwakpo chi ọbụbọ nke ihe karịrị otu puku ndị dike wakporo isi ụlọ ọrụ ahụ dị na Akassa, nke butere mwakpo mmegwara nke bibiri isi obodo Nembe dị n'ime ime ala eze.[31]  Ndị Britain enweelarị consulate na Twon-Brass, nke sitere na mgbe ọdịda Koko gasịrị, ha na-elekọta mpaghara ahụ.

## Ebenside

Òtù:Ȯra Bayelsa
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations