Vera Michalski

**Vera Michalski-Hoffmann** (amụrụ 5 Nọvemba 1954) bụ nwanyị ọchụnta ego ijeri Switzerland, onye nwere oke oke na Roche Holding  na onye mbipụta. Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke ọtụtụ ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ na Switzerland, France na Poland, jikọtara ọnụ na ụlọ ọrụ na-ejide ya, Libella SA, dabere na Lausanne .    Ọ tọrọ ntọala Jan Michalski Foundation na Montricher, nke na-enye ihe nrite Jan Michalski kwa afọ na akwụkwọ .  

## Akụkọ ndụ
Ruo afọ 20, Vera Hoffmann (nke Switzerland na Austrian)  bi na Camargue, na ebe nyocha Tour du Valat, 28 km (17 mi) sitere na Arles . N'oge ahụ, ihe omume etiti ahụ gụnyere n'ụzọ doro anya ọhụụ ndị Kọmunist nke ndụ nkịtị. O nwere akụkụ ọrụ ugbo ma jiri igwe ọkụ na-ebunye ọkụ eletrik ya. 

Nna ya, Luc Hoffmann (1923–2016), tọrọ ntọala etiti ahụ. N'ịbụ onye nwere PhD na anụmanụ anụmanụ, ọ raara ọtụtụ oge, echiche na ego ya n'ichekwa na ichekwa ọdịdị.  Na 1961, ya na Peter Scott, nwa nke onye nchọpụta South Pole a ma ama, tọrọ ntọala World Wildlife Fund (WWF). Ebe nyocha a, nke ndị ezinụlọ Hoffman MAVA Foundation na-akwado ugbu a, abụrụla ebe dị mkpa na mba ụwa maka nchekwa na ọmụmụ nke ala mmiri Mediterranean. Ntọala ahụ, nwere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ hectare 2,500 nke ala mmiri na mpaghara Camargue ma na-ahụ maka ichekwa mpaghara ahụ. 

N'oge ọ bụ nwata, Vera Hoffmann gara ụlọ akwụkwọ nkeonwe nke nne na nna ya kere na ndị ọchịchị France kwadoro ya. Ihe dị ka ụmụaka 14 gụnyere nwanne nwanyị Vera Maja Hoffmann na nwanne André . Ọtụtụ n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ bụ ụmụaka nke ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọrụ ornithological, yana nke ndị agbata obi ole na ole dara ogbenye.

Nne Vera, Daria Razumovsky, bụ onye si n'agbụrụ Austria na ndị Russia kwabatara n'ala nna ha n'oge Mgbanwe Ọchịchị Russia . Akụkọ banyere nwata nne nne ya (site na 1914 ruo 1919) ka ebipụtara ma tụgharịa na 1990. N'afọ 2004, e bipụtakwara akwụkwọ ndekọ aha chịkọtara nke nne Vera na nwanne nne ya abụọ debere.

Vera gụrụ akwụkwọ na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Gụsịrị Akwụkwọ na International and Development Studies (IHEID) na Geneva bụ ebe ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na edemede ya nke isiokwu ya bụ "Le phénomène des compagnons de route du communisme en France, de 1928 à 1939" (Ihe omume nke ndị njem ibe Kọmunist na France site na 1928 ruo  . Otú ọ dị, o kpebiri ịkwụsị ọmụmụ ihe doctorate iji lekwasị anya n'ibipụta akwụkwọ. 

Na 1983, ọ lụrụ nwoke Polish aha ya bụ Jan Michalski (1953-2002), onye ọ zutere mgbe ha abụọ bụ ụmụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Geneva . 

N'October 2016, a kpọrọ ya UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador maka ọdịbendị na agụmakwụkwọ. 

na 2018 ọ weghaara ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ akụkọ ihe mere eme na Warsaw, nke a na-akpọghachi ya dị ka *Raffles Hotel Europejski* . 

Akụ na ụba ya sitere na ihe nketa, ma ọ nwere 1.5% nke Roche Holding . 

## Na-ebi akwụkwọ
Na 1986, Vera Michalski kere *Les Éditions Noir sur Blanc* na Montricher na di ya Jan Michalski. Echiche ahụ bụ ibipụta ndị edemede - nke bụ isi nke Slav - na inye akụkọ ifo ( akwụkwọ akụkọ, akụkọ mkpirikpi, egwuregwu na uri ) yana ndị na-abụghị akụkọ ifo ( edemede, akwụkwọ, ihe akaebe anya, akwụkwọ akụkọ onwe onye na ihe ncheta ) na-agba akaebe na oge dị egwu na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mba ndị dị ka Poland na Russia. 

N'ikpeazụ, di na nwunye ahụ nwetara ọtụtụ ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ ndị e mesịrị chịkọta ọnụ n'okpuru otu njide *Libella*, nke dabeere na Lausanne. Ejide ugbu a gụnyere *Noir sur Blanc*, *Les Éditions Phébus*, *Buchet-Chastel* na *Le Temps Apprivoisé*, n'etiti ndị ọzọ. 

Na Poland, Michalski nwere *Oficyna Literacka* (Noir sur Blanc) na Warsaw na *Wydawnictwo Literackie* Kraków .  

Na 1991, Michalski zụtara Ụlọ Ahịa Polish na Paris, nke a na-akpọ *Librairie Polonaise*, na 123 Boulevard Saint-Germain . 

Ọ bụ ezie na Michalski bụ onye nketa nke nnukwu akụ ezinụlọ nke Luc Hoffmann, ọ na-ekwu na ọ na-akpachara anya ka ọ ghara idebe azụmahịa mbipụta ya na atụmatụ ọrụ ebere ya, karịsịa Maison de l'écriture (ụlọ akwụkwọ) na Montricher, Switzerland. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-ekweta na ya nwere ike itinye ihe ize ndụ ụfọdụ nke ndị nkwusa ndị ọzọ na-enwechaghị ego nwere ike ghara, na ya nwekwara ike ibipụta ọrụ ndị ezubere iche. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, ọrụ nchịkọta akụkọ ya niile bu n'obi ka ha baa uru. 

Site na azụmahịa mbipụta ya, Michalski bu n'obi iweta àkwà mmiri n'etiti omenala ọwụwa anyanwụ na ọdịda anyanwụ. Ya na di ya malitere ịrụ ọrụ na mpaghara a na 1986, tupu ọdịda nke mgbidi Berlin, mgbe mgbanwe omenala siri ike karị. Ọ na-asụ asụsụ ise nke ọma (French, German, English, Spanish na Polish) na ụfọdụ Russian.

## Nkwanye ugwu na ihe nrite
Na 2010, ọ natara Lilas de l'éditrice award. E nyere Vera Michalski ihe nrite dị egwu n'oge ọrụ ya, gụnyere Officer of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland (1995), the Knight of the Order of Arts and Letters of the French Republic, Meritorious for Polish Culture (2011) na Polish " Bene Merito " nsọpụrụ pụrụ iche (2012). 

## Omenala philanthropy
N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 2007, Vera Michalski kwupụtara okike nke Jan Michalski Foundation na Montricher, Switzerland. Ntọala a nwetara ogige okpomọkụ nke mbụ wee mee ka ọ bụrụ ebe etiti na-anabata ndị edemede. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha nwere ike ịnọ n'otu oge na ogologo oge dị iche iche, ọ gaghị agafe otu afọ, Otú ọ dị. Mgbe e mesịrị, a na-agbakwunye oghere ngosi, ụlọ mgbakọ maka egwu egwu, nnọkọ okwu, nkuzi ma ọ bụ nyocha na ọbá akwụkwọ. Ntọala ahụ na-enye ụfọdụ ndị edemede onyinye onyinye na site n'oge ruo n'oge na-edepụta ụfọdụ ọrụ mbipụta. 

Vera Michalski mekwara Jan Michalski International Prize for Literature, nke e mere iji mata ọrụ dị ukwuu, n'agbanyeghị ụdị (akwụkwọ akụkọ, obere akụkọ, edemede, akwụkwọ na nkà, wdg). Ihe nrite a ruru 50,000 franc Swiss. 

Ọ na-akwado nkwalite egwu oge ochie ma bụrụ onye so na Honors of the Swiss classical music festival *[[:fr:Les sommets musicaux de Gstaad|Les Sommets Musicaux de Gstaad]]* . 

## Isi mmalite

## Njikọ mpụga

* Libella
* Ntọala Jan Michalski
* Buchet Castel
* Mbipụta Phébus
* Les cahiers dessinés
* Ka oge na-aga
* Mbipụta Libretto
* Les mbipụta Noir sur Blanc
* BCU onye na-ahụ maka ya
* *L'Mgbasawanye*, 08/11/2001, Vera Michalski;
* *[[:fr:Le Nouvel Économiste|Le Nouvel Économiste]]* - n°1359 - Du 28 septemba ma ọ bụ 4 octobre, Vera Michalski, La mécène apprivoisee
* *La Fin de ma Russie*, Catherine Sayn-Wittgenstein, nke Vera Michalski sụgharịrị site na German na nke Noir sur Blanc bipụtara na 1990, na-ebipụta ugbu a n'akpa uwe na Phoebus coll. Libretto.
* *Nos journaux cachés*, Maria, Daria na Olga Razumovsky, mbipụta Noir sur Blanc, 2004
* Romandie.com : Roche: prolongation du pool d'actionnaires pour une durée illimitée, 4.02.2009
Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations