Oké ọhịa America

American Forests bụ ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa 501 (c) (3) na-enweghị uru, nke e guzobere na 1875, ma raara onwe ya nye ichebe na iweghachi usoro okike ọhịa dị mma.  Isi ụlọ ọrụ dị ugbu a dị na Washington, D.C.

## Ihe omume
Ọrụ nke ọhịa ndị America bụ "Ịmepụta ọhịa dị mma na nke na-adịgide adịgide, site na obodo ruo n'ọzara, na-enyefe uru dị mkpa maka ihu igwe, ndị mmadụ, mmiri na anụ ọhịa." Ihe omume nke oke ohia America nwere mpaghara mmemme anọ dị iche iche: mweghachi ọhịa ime obodo, oke osisi kwụ ọtọ na obodo, Ndebanye aha nke osisi ndị mmeri, na amụma ọhịa. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, nzukọ ahụ na-ebipụta magazin nke otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ.

### Mgbukpọ nke Ọhịa Ime Obodo
N'ofe North America, ọtụtụ nde acres nke oke ọhịa furu efu ma ọ bụ mebie ya site na ọdachi ndị dị ka ọkụ ọhịa, ụmụ ahụhụ, na ọrịa, yana omume ụmụ mmadụ dị ka ngwuputa ihe, mmepe, na ikpochapụ ebe niile maka omume na-adịghị adịgide adịgide. Mweghachi nke ọhịa nwere ike iweghachite oke ọhịa - yana uru niile sitere n'okike ha na-enye ọha mmadụ - na-ekekwa ọrụ ndụ ndụ ndụ.

### Ikike osisi maka Obodo Ndị A Na-ejighị Nri
Site na mmemme Tree Equity ha, American Forests na-anabata ihe ịma aka a site n'idu njem maka Tree Equity n'obodo ukwu n'ofe America. Ha na ndị isi obodo na ndị otu obodo (obodo 22 na agụta ọnụ) na-emekọrịta ihe iji mepụta mmemme ọhịa obodo mepere emepe nke sayensị na-eto eto na idobe ahịhịa osisi na mpaghara dara ada. Ha na-akwado ma na-akwado oke ọhịa nke obodo mepere emepe, malite ọrụ ịkụ ihe ọkụkụ dị elu, wulite ọha mmadụ, ma na-eduga mbọ mba iji bulie ego gọọmentị etiti, steeti na mpaghara maka ọrụ ọhịa ọhịa.

### Ndepụta Mba nke Osisi Ndị mmeri
American Forests na-edebanye aha ọtụtụ narị ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo na United States ịchọta, chebe, na deba aha osisi ndị kasị ukwuu, na ịkụziri ọha na eze uru nke osisi na ọhịa tozuru okè. Ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na steeti 50 niile, District nke Columbia ma jiri ya mee ihe atụ maka ọtụtụ mmemme osisi ukwu steeti na ọtụtụ mba ụwa, n'ebe ndị dị ka Australia, New Zealand, South Korea na Mexico. A na-ekpu ihe karịrị ndị mmeri US 750 kwa afọ ma detuo ya na mbipụta ya kwa afọ, National Register of Champion Trees. Kemgbe ihe karịrị afọ 70, ebumnuche nke mmemme ahụ ka dị: ichekwa na ịkwalite ogo akara ngosi nke ndị eze a dị ndụ na ịkụziri ndị mmadụ ọrụ bụ isi nke osisi na ọhịa ndị a dị ịrịba ama na-arụ n'ịkwado gburugburu ebe obibi dị mma.

### Iwu Ọhịa
Nzukọ ahụ na-arụkwa ọrụ iji kwado nchedo na mweghachi nke ọhịa ime obodo na obodo ukwu site na iwu ọha na eze, ma tinye ndị otu obodo na njikwa akụ ha site na njikọ obodo dị iche iche.

### Magazin
Nzukọ ahụ na-ebipụta magazin kwa nkeji iri na ise, American Forests, nke a na-akpọbu American Forests and Forest Life (1924-1930), American Forestry (1910-1923), Conservation (1908-1909), Forestry and Irrigation (1902-1908), na The Forester (1895-1901). Mbipụta atọ mbụ nke mpịakọta nke mbụ akpọrọ New Jersey Forester .

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
E guzobere American Forests na Septemba 1875 dị ka American Forestry Association (**AFA**) site n'aka dọkịta na onye na-ahụ maka ubi John Aston Warder na otu ụmụ amaala nwere otu echiche na Chicago. Ebumnuche nke nzukọ ahụ bụ ịnakọta ma gbasaa ozi gbasara ọhịa na ịkwalite nchekwa nke ọhịa ndị dị ugbu a. N'afọ 1882, e jikọtara AFA na American Forestry Congress, nke haziri n'afọ ahụ na Cincinnati, Ohio. Ọ ghọrọ ozugbo na-enwe mmetụta na mba n'ịkwalite ihe kpatara ọhịa. N'afọ 1889, a maliteghachiri aha mbụ ahụ.

N'ime ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ narị afọ na ọkara kemgbe a tọrọ ntọala ha, ha:

* malitere echiche maka usoro ọhịa mba na U.S. Forest Service;
* mepụtara akwụkwọ nchedo mbụ na mba ahụ;
* O nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịkwado mgbasawanye nke oké ọhịa mba n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ US.
* ya na Franklin Roosevelt rụkọtara ọrụ iji mepụta Civilian Conservation Corps;
* nyere ikpo okwu maka ndị dike nchedo a ma ama dị ka Gifford Pinchot, Aldo Leopold na Ansel Adams; na
* nyere aka ịmalite ma kwalite mpaghara nke ime obodo.

N'ime afọ ndị mbụ nke ịdị adị ya, AFA dabere na akụkọ kwa afọ, akụkọ oge ụfọdụ, na akwụkwọ akụkọ n'ozuzu maka mbipụta nke ozi gbasara ọhịa. N'afọ 1897, e debanyere aha ya, ọ weghaara akwụkwọ akụkọ The Forester site na New Jersey Forestry Association, na-agbanwe aha ya ka ọ bụrụ Forestry and Irrigation, mgbe ahụ Conservation, na, n'ikpeazụ, American Forests. Ka ọ na-erule 1920, AFA nwere ihe dị ka ndị otu 10,000, ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike ma nwee mmetụta n'ịkụzi echiche ọha na eze na ịkpụzi iwu ọhịa.

AFA nọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike ogologo oge na nchekwa, na-akwado maka ịmepụta ebe nchekwa ọhịa, maka ịgafe Iwu Weeks, na maka ịmepụta Civilian Conservation Corps. N'afọ 1924, AFA malitere ihe ga-aghọ omenala mba site n'inye White House osisi Krismas mbụ dị ndụ.

N'afọ 1940, AFA malitere idebe National Register of Champion Trees, ndepụta nke osisi ndị kachasị ukwuu nke ụdị ọ bụla na United States. Ndị na-achọ maka National Register bụ ndị nhazi, ndị na-achụ nta nnukwu osisi na ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo gafee US na ihe ghọrọ asọmpi kwa afọ n'etiti ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu, mpaghara, na ọbụna steeti iji jide osisi ndị kachasị mma.

N'afọ 1990, AFA mepụtara mmemme Global ReLeaf, nke na-akụ osisi iji weghachite usoro okike ọhịa gafee US na gburugburu ụwa. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a kụrụ ihe karịrị nde osisi iri anọ site na mmemme a.

N'afọ 1992, AFA gbanwere aha ya ka ọ bụrụ American Forests iji gosipụta mgbalị ya na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ihe malitere dị ka njikọ nke ndị ọkachamara na-elekọta ọhịa, ugbu a nwere ndị otu na-elekọta osisi na ọhịa: ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi, ndị na-anụ ọkụ n'obi ntụrụndụ na ndị hụrụ osisi n'anya.

## Hụkwa
  

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Official website
* Nkwupụta iwu nke AFA
* Ndepụta nke American Forestry Association Records, 1875 - 1997, na Forest History Society Library and Archives, Durham, NC

Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations