Bernard Matemera

**Bernard Matemera** (14 Jenụarị 1946 – 4 Maachị 2002)  bụ onye na-ese ihe na Zimbabwe . A na-akpọkarị mmegharị ihe ọkpụkpụ nke ọ so na ya dị ka "ihe ọkpụkpụ Shona" (lee Shona art ), n'agbanyeghị na ụfọdụ ndị òtù ya a ma ama abụghị agbụrụ Shona . Emere ọrụ ọkachamara ya niile na Tengenenge Sculpture Community, 150&nbsp;km n'ebe ugwu Harare nso Guruve.

Bernard Matemera nwụrụ na Maachị 2002.

## Ndụ mmalite na ọrụ
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| 1973 ịkpụrụ ugo
Matemera bụ nwa nke onye isi obodo, bi na nso obodo Guruve, Mashonaland nke dị n'ebe ugwu nke ihe bụ, na 1946, Southern Rhodesia . Ọ na-asụ Zezuru, otu n'ime olumba Shona, ma nwee afọ anọ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị: dịka ụmụ nwoke ndị ọzọ, ọ na-azụ anụ ụlọ, na-eme ite ụrọ na nkụ. Na 1963 Matemera na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala nkwekọrịta maka ndị ọrụ ugbo ụtaba na Tengenenge wee zute Tom Blomefield, onye ugbo ya nwere nnukwu ihe nkwụnye ego nke nkume serpentine kwesịrị ekwesị maka ịkpụ. Ka ọ na-erule 1966, Blomefield chọrọ ịhazigharị ojiji nke ala ya wee nabata ndị na-ese ihe ọhụrụ na ya iji guzobe obodo ndị na-ese ihe. Nke a bụ akụkụ n'ihi na n'oge ahụ enwere mmachi mba ụwa megide ọchịchị ọcha Rhodesia nke Ian Smith na-edu, bụ onye kwuputara nkwupụta nnwere onwe nke otu na 1965, ụtaba enwekwaghị ike ịkpata ego zuru oke. Matemara bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ na-ese ihe na-amalite ịkpụcha oge nile, na-esonyere ndị ọzọ gụnyere Henry Munyaradzi, Josia Manzi, Fanizani Akuda, Sylvester Mubayi na Leman Moses, bụ ndị guzobere akụkụ nke ihe a na-akpọ ugbu a **ọgbọ mbụ** nke ndị na-ese ihe Zimbabwe na nkume siri ike. .   

E gosipụtara ọrụ Matemera na ndị ọrụ ibe ya na Rhodes National Gallery onye onye na-ahụ maka ntọala ya, Frank McEwen, nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n'iweta ha n'uche nke obodo nka ụwa. Matemera buru ụzọ nye aka na ihe ngosi kwa afọ na gallery na 1967 na 1968: na 1969 McEwen weere otu ọrụ, tumadi site na Tengenenge, gaa na Museum of Modern Art na New York na n'ebe ndị ọzọ na US, iji nweta otuto dị egwu.

## Mgbe e mesịrị ndụ na ihe ngosi
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Warthog, 1986
Matemera nwere ndị nwunye abụọ, ndị ya na ha nwere ụmụ asatọ, ọ nọkwa na Tengenenge n'oge agha maka nnwere onwe Zimbabwe n'oge ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe hapụrụ ụzọ ndụ ha.  Ọ ghọrọ onye ndu ihe atụ nke obodo na site na 1980s nwetara nkwado zuru ụwa ọnụ, yana ọrụ gụnyere na ihe ngosi na US, UK, Germany, Netherlands na ebe ndị ọzọ.

Ihe oyiyi Matemera dị na nchịkọta na-adịgide adịgide nke National Gallery of Zimbabwe, Chapungu Sculpture Park, Museum fur Völkerkunde, Frankfurt na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. N'afọ 1987, a kpọrọ Matemera ka ọ bịa Yugoslavia ka o mee nnukwu ihe ọkpụkpụ na "Josip Broz Tito" Art Gallery nke Mba Ndị Na-adịghị na Titograd . Celia Winter-Irving họọrọ ọrụ Matemera "Nwoke na-atụgharị ghọọ hippo" iji gosi ihu ihu akwụkwọ nke akwụkwọ ya mara mma banyere ihe ọkpụkpụ Zimbabwe. 

Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ngosi Matemera, dị ka *Nwanyị Mụọ Ukwu* (Serpentine, 1982), agagharịala gburugburu ụwa; dị ka ọmụmaatụ na Yorkshire Sculpture Park na 1990,  nke gosipụtara ya n'ihu mkpuchi nke katalọgụ ihe ngosi ahụ. Katalọgụ "Chapungu: Culture and Legend - A Culture in Stone" maka ihe ngosi na Kew Gardens na 2000 nwere foto nke a na anọ ọzọ nke Matemera sculptures: *Chapungu* (Serpentine) na p.&nbsp;2, *Nwoke ahụ riri Totem ya* (Springstone, 1998) na p.&nbsp;42–43, *Young Bull* (Springstone, 1992) na p.&nbsp;54-55, *Metamorphosis* (Springstone, 1995) na p.&nbsp;94-95 na “Mmụọ ụwa” (Serpentine, 1988) na p.&nbsp;96-97.  Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị a nwere ọdịdị ahụ gbara okirikiri yana naanị mkpịsị aka abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ n'aka ma ọ bụ ụkwụ ọ bụla. Dị ka Olivier Sultan kọwara, "Matemera na-achọta mkpali ya na nrọ ya. Ndị mmadụ nwere mkpịsị aka 3 na-akpagbu ya, akụkọ ifo ma ọ bụ ihe ncheta, nke ebo nke bi n'ebe ugwu nke mba ahụ. nnukwu iberibe ya nwere àgwà mgbagwoju anya., ọkara n'etiti ihe ọchị na ọdachi." 
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| ọgụgụ na ikwubiga okwu ókè egbugbere ọnụ
Matemera sculpted tumadi na isi awọ ma ọ bụ nwa serpentine, na-agwụcha ọrụ ya ka a edo polished elu. Ndị ọ na-achị bụ anụmanụ, ndị mmadụ ma ọ bụ ndị mmụọ e kere eke na-eche echiche. Ọ dịghị onye e mere n'ụzọ dị ndụ: ọ họọrọ igosi ngafe akụkụ nke ara, buttock ma ọ bụ bọtịnụ afọ iji kpughee mmekọrịta dị n'etiti mmadụ, anụmanụ na ụwa mmụọ. Dị ka Celia Winter-Irving kwuru na akụkọ ndụ ya nke Matemera:Matemera na-emekọ ihe ụtọ nke anụ ahụ. N'ebe ọ nọ, inwe mmekọahụ pụtara agụụ dị mma, ka a na-azụ ya na ohere ma na-esi ísì ụtọ dị iche iche. Ihe ọkpụkpụ ya na-ekwu n'asụsụ ahụ na-atụ egwu nke ukwuu. Ọ bụ onye na-emepụta ihe ọkpụkpụ na raw - nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ gba ọtọ na ara, n'úkwù na mgbịrịgba, ebubo ike mmekọahụ na ihe niile na-emegide ya na oke nha na nnukwu.... Enwere n'ime ihe ọkpụkpụ ndị a ike na-adịghị akwụ ụgwọ na ebe nchekwa ike. 

### Ihe ngosi solo ma ọ bụ otu ahọpụtara

* 1968 New African Art, MOMA, New York, US
* 1969 Lidchi Art Gallery, South Africa
* 1980 Feingarten Gallery, Los Angeles, US
* 1981 Art si Africa, London
* 1982 Janet Fleisher Gallery, Philadelphia, US
* 1985 Kresge Art Museum, Michigan, US
* 1988 **metamorphosis nke Afrika**, National Gallery, Harare, Zimbabwe
* 1989 **Na-akpagharị Ozi Ọma nke Ọkpụkpụ**, National Gallery nke Zimbabwe
* 1989 **Zimbabwe op de Berg**, Foundation Beelden op de Berg, Wageningen, Netherlands
* 1990 **Contemporary, nkume ihe osise si Zimbabwe**, Millesgarden Museum, Stockholm, Sweden na Yorkshire Sculpture Park, UK
* 1991 Milt Pinsel und Muszel, Germany
* 1992 **Nkume Ọkpụkpụ, Zimbabwe**, CCrt Galleries, UK
* 1994 **Tengenenge Old Tengenenge New**, Afrika Museum, Berg en Dal, Netherlands
* 1997 Musee de Jardin, Paris, France
* 1998 Botanic Garden, Hamburg, Germany
* 2000 **Chapungu: Omenala na Akụkọ Ochie – Omenala na Nkume**, Kew Gardens, UK

## Hụkwa

* nka Zimbabwe

## Ntụaka

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* Harry Leyten. "Tengenenge", Drukkerij Bakker/M. C. Escher Foundation, 1994, 
* Winter-Irving C. "Ihe ọkpụkpụ na ihe osise Tengenene", World Art Foundation, 2001,