Ihe mgbaru ọsọ mmepe na-adịgide adịgide 13

thumb|Ihe mgbaru ọsọ mmepe na-adịgide adịgide 13
**Ihe mgbaru ọsọ** **13 nke mmepe na-adịgide adịgide** (**SDG 13** ma ọ bụ **Ihe** **mgbaru ndụ zuru ụwa ọnụ 13**) bụ igbochi ma nagide mgbanwe ihu igwe. Ọ bụ otu n'ime 17 Sustainable Development Goals nke United Nations General Assembly guzobere na afo 2015. Nkwupụta ebumnuche gọọmentị nke ebumnuche a bụ "Ime ihe ngwa ngwa iji lụso mgbanwe ihu igwe na mmetụta ya ọgụ". SDG 13 na SDG 7 na ike dị ọcha nwere njikọ chiri anya ma na-akwado 

Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2020, ọtụtụ mba na-emejuputa atụmatụ mgbanwe ihu igwe nke mba ha di iche iche ugbu a 

## Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga
alt=The global map shows sea temperature rises of 0.5 to 1 degree Celsius; land temperature rises of 1 to 2 degree Celsius; and Arctic temperature rises of up to 4 degrees Celsius.|thumb| Nkezi okpomọkụ ikuku n'elu ala site na 2011 ruo 2021 ma e jiri ya tụnyere nkezi 1956-1976
alt=The graph from 1880 to 2020 shows natural drivers exhibiting fluctuations of about 0.3 degrees Celsius. Human drivers steadily increase by 0.3 degrees over 100 years to 1980, then steeply by 0.8 degrees more over the past 40 years.|thumb|Mgbanwe na nkezi okpomọkụ ikuku n'elu ebe ọ bụ na Industrial Revolution, gbakwunyere ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala maka mgbanwe ahụ. Ọrụ mmadụ emeela ka okpomọkụ dị elu, na ike okike na-agbakwunye mgbanwe ụfọdụ.
 

SDG 13 na-ezube ime ihe ngwa ngwa iji lụso mgbanwe ihu igwe na mmetụta ya ọgụ. Mkparịta ụka nke UN gosipụtara njikọ dị n'etiti usoro SDG na-esote nke afọ 2015 na usoro Financing for Development nke mechiri na Addis Ababa na Julai nke afọ 2015 na nzukọ COP 21 Climate Change na Paris na Desemba 2015.

Mbelata ikuku na-achọ ịmepụta ọkụ eletrik site na isi mmalite carbon dị ala karịa ịgba mmanụ ọkụ. Mgbanwe a na-agụnye iwepụ ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik coal na gaasi sitere n'okike, na-abawanye ojiji nke ifufe, anyanwụ, na ụdị ike ndị ọzọ a na-emeghari ohụrụ, na ibelata ojiji ike.

## Ihe mgbaru ọsọ, ihe ngosi na ọganihu
SDG 13 nwere ebumnuche ruru ise. Ebumnuche ndị a gụnyere ime ka ike na ikike ime mgbanwe na ọdachi ndị metụtara ihu igwe (Ebumnuche 13.1), jikọta usoro mgbanwe ihu igwe n'ime iwu na atụmatụ (Ebumnche 13.2), ozo buru, wulite ihe ọmụma na ikike iji zute mgbanwe ihu igwe (Ihe Ebumnucha 13.3), tinye UN Framework Convention nke Climate Change (Ebumnuche 13.a), ma kwalite usoro iji bulie ikike maka atụmatụ na njikwa (Ebumne 13.b).
thumb|300x300px|Map ụwa metụtara Indicator 13.1.1 na 2017: Ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi site na ọdachi ndị na-emere onwe ha
thumb|300x300px|Map ụwa metụtara Indicator 13.1.2 na 2018. Map ahụ na-egosi ọnụ ọgụgụ mba ndị na-anabata ma na-etinye usoro mbelata ihe ize ndụ ọdachi nke mba n'ụzọ kwekọrọ na Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015 Xia2030.

### Ebumnuche 13.1: Mee ka ike na ikike ime mgbanwe na ọdachi ndị metụtara ihu igwe sie ike
Ihe odide zuru ezu nke Ebumnuche 13.1 bụ: "Ka a gbaa ume na ikike ime mgbanwe na ihe ize ndụ metụtara ihu igwe na ọdachi ndị sitere n'okike na mba niile".

Ihe mgbaru ọsọ a nwere ihe ngosi atọ.

* Ihe ngosi 13.1.1: "Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị nwụrụ anwụ, ndị na-efu efu na ndị metụtara kpọmkwem na-ekwu na ọdachi kpatara kwa 100,000 mmadụ".
* Ihe ngosi 13.1.2: "Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mba ndị na-anabata ma na-etinye usoro mbelata ihe ize ndụ ọdachi nke mba n'ụzọ kwekọrọ na Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 20152030"
* Ihe ngosi 13.1.3: "Nkwado nke gọọmentị ime obodo na-anabata ma na-etinye usoro mbelata ihe ize ndụ ọdachi mpaghara n'ụzọ kwekọrọ na usoro mbelata ọdachi mba".

N'ọnwa Eprel nke afọ 2020, ọnụ ọgụgụ mba di iche iche na mpaghara ndị nabatara atụmatụ mbelata ihe ize ndụ ọdachi mba mụbara ruo 118 ma e jiri ya tụnyere 48 site na afọ mbụ nke Sendai Framework.
thumb|344x344px|Nkezi carbon dioxide (CO2) nke onye ọ bụla na-ewepụta na tọn kwa afọ.

### Ebumnuche 13.2: Gwakọta usoro mgbanwe ihu igwe na iwu na atụmatụ
Ihe odide zuru ezu nke Ebumnuche 13.2 bụ: "Jikọta usoro mgbanwe ihu igwe n'ime iwu, na atụmatụ mba".

Ebumnuche a nwere ihe ngosi abụọ:

* Ihe ngosi 13.2.1: "Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mba nwere onyinye mba, atụmatụ ogologo oge, atụmatụ mgbanwe mba, atụmatụ dị ka a kọrọ na nkwukọrịta mgbanwe na nkwukọta mba".
* Ihe ngosi 13.2.2: "Ngụkọta gas na-ekpo ọkụ kwa afọ"

Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2015, mba 170 bụ akụkụ nke ọ dịkarịa ala otu nkwekọrịta gburugburu ebe obibi. Na kwa afọ na-enwe mmụba n'ọnụ ọgụgụ mba ndị bịnyere aka na nkwekọrịta gburugburu ebe obibi.
thumb|304x304px|Mgbasa ikuku carbon dioxide site na ngalaba

### Ebumnuche 13.3: Bulite ihe ọmụma na ikike iji zute mgbanwe ihu igwe
Ihe odide zuru ezu nke Ebumnuche 13.3 bụ: "Mụlite agụmakwụkwọ, ịkwalite mmata na ikike mmadụ na ụlọ ọrụ na mbelata mgbanwe ihu igwe, mgbanwe, mbelata mmetụta na ịdọ aka ná ntị n'oge".

Ebumnuche a nwere ihe ngosi abụọ:

* Ihe ngosi 13.3.1: "Ruo ókè (i) agụmakwụkwọ ụmụ amaala ụwa na (ii) agụmakịa maka mmepe na-adịgide adịgide na-agbakwunye na (a) iwu agụmakwụkwọ mba; (b) usoro mmụta; (c) agụmakọta onye nkuzi; na (d) nyocha ụmụ akwụkwọ"
* Ihe ngosi 13.3.2: "Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mba ndị kwupụtara ike nke ụlọ ọrụ, usoro na ikike nke onye ọ bụla iji mejuputa mgbanwe, mbelata na nnyefe teknụzụ, na omume mmepe"

Enweghị data dị ugbu a maka ihe ngosi a ka ọ na-erule Septemba nke afọ  2020.

### Ebumnuche 13.a: Mejuputa Nkwekọrịta Nkwekọ Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu maka Mgbanwe Ihu igwe
thumb|300x300px|Map ụwa maka Indicator 13.A.1: Mgbakwunye Green Climate Fund nke ijeri $ 100, 2018
Ihe odide zuru ezu nke Ebumnuche 13.a bụ: "Mjuputa mkpebi nke ndị mba mepere emepe na United Nations Framework Convention nke Climate Change na ebumnuche nke ijikọ $100 ijeri kwa afọ site na afọ 2020 site na isi mmalite niile iji dozie mkpa nke mba ndị na-emepe emepe n'ihe gbasara ọrụ mgbochi na nghọta na mmejuputa ma rụọ ọrụ zuru oke na Green Climate Fund site na isi ego ya".

Akụkọ UN kwuru na afọ 2020 na ego maka ego ihu igwe zuru ụwa ọnụ yana ike a na-emeghari ohụrụ "dị obere ma e jiri ya tụnyere oke itinye ego kwa afọ dị mkpa maka mgbanwe carbon dị ala, nke na-eguzogide ihu igwe". 

### Ebumnuche 13.b: Kwalite usoro iji bulie ikike maka atụmatụ na njikwa
thumb|Ihe ngosi a na-akọwa mba ndị nwere ma ọ bụghị nabatara ma tinye usoro nchịkwa ihe ize ndụ ọdachi n'ọrụ dịka Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction.
Ihe odide zuru ezu nke Ebumnuche 13.b bụ: "Kwalite usoro maka ibuli ikike maka atụmatụ na njikwa metụtara mgbanwe ihu igwe dị irè na mba ndị na-emepe emepe na obere agwaetiti na-eme nke ọma, gụnyere ilekwasị anya na ụmụ nwanyị, ndị ntorobịa na obodo na ndị a na-akparaghị ókè na-ekweta na United Nations Framework Convention na Climate Change bụ isi mba ụwa, nzukọ gọọmentị maka ịmekọrịta mmeghachi omume zuru ụwa na mgbanwe ihu igwe. "

Akụkọ UN kwa afọ na-enyocha mba ole na ole na-etinye atụmatụ mgbanwe mba n'ọrụ 

### Ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-elekọta ụlọ
Ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-ahụ maka nlekọta maka ịkọ akụkọ na ihe ngosi ndị a:

* Ihe ngosi 13.1.1, 13.1.2 na 13.1.3: UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR).
* Ihe ngosi 13.2.1: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization-Institute for Statistics (UNESCO-UIS).
* Ihe ngosi 13.3.1, 13.a.1 na 13.b.1: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) na Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).

## Nlekọta
A na-ebipụta akụkọ ọganihu dị elu maka SDGs niile n'ụdị akụkọ nke odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke United Nations. Enwere ike ịchọta mmelite na ọganihu na ebe nrụ ọrụ weebụ SDG nke United Nations na-achịkwa na Uwa Nke any na Data nke a maara di ka Our World in Data.

## Nzukọ

### Òtù Unite Nations

* United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC)
* Ngalaba na-ahụ maka mgbanwe ihu igwe (IPCC)
* Nzukọ nke Òtù (COP)
* World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
* Ebe obibi UN
* United Nations Environment Program (UNEP)
* Green Climate Fund (GCF)

## Edensibịa

### Ebe e si nweta ya

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## Njikọ mpụga

* UN Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform (UN) SDG 13
* Mgbasa ozi zuru ụwa ọnụ - SDG 13
* SDG-Track.org - SDG 13
* UN SDG 13 na US
Òtù:Mgbanwe ihu igwe