open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Agnes Ibbetson

**Agnes** (née **Thomson**) **Ibbetson** (1757-1823) bụ onye Bekee na-ahụ maka ahụike osisi.

## Ndụ
Ọ bụ ada Andrew Thomson Esq., nke Roehampton, onye na-ere ahịa London, a mụrụ ya na London na 1757 wee gụọ akwụkwọ n'ụlọ. Na 1783 ọ lụrụ James Ibbetson na Bushey na Hertfordshire. Ọ bụụrụ nwa nwoke nke okenye Rev. James Ibbetson, onye isi oche nke Bushey na Archdeacon nke St. Albans. James, junior, bụ onye ọka iwu na onye na-amu amu ochie nke anabatara na Lincoln's Inn na 1771, mana ọ nwụrụ na 1790 mgbe ọ dị afọ 35 hapụrụ Agnes di ya nwụrụ. Oge ụfọdụ mgbe James nwụsịrị, ọ kwagara Devon ebe o biri ndụ ya niile. Ọ nwụrụ na 9 February 1823 na Exmouth, dị afọ 66. Nwa nwanne ya bụ Charles Poulett Thomson, onye bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị wee bụrụ Gọvanọ mbụ nke Canada, na-etolite na ọgbọ dị ka Baron Syndenham. A hapụrụ Ibbetson nwere ego afọ yana ọnọdụ ego dị mma.

### Ọrụ
Ọ bụ ezie na ọ nọpụrụ iche na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nke oge a, Ibbetson malitere ibipụta physiology nke osisi ya mgbe ọ dị afọ iri ise, ma jiri nyocha na nnwale bịaruo ọrụ ya nso. Ibbetson jiri microscopes, dissection osisi, na teknụzụ ndị ọzọ mee ihe nke ukwuu iji gaa n'ihu na ọmụmụ ya, ma kwenyere na ọrụ osisi nwere nkọwa igwe. N'agbata afọ 1809 na afọ 1822, Oriakụ Ibbetson nyere ihe karịrị akwụkwọ iri ise na Nicholson's Journal na Philosophical Magazine na nhazi microscopic na physiology nke osisi, gụnyere isiokwu ndị dị ka ikuku, pollen, ọsụsọ, ụra, oyi-nchekwa, ime ime, ntolite, na usoro Jussieuean.Na botanical ngalaba nke British Museum na-echekwara ụfọdụ ụdị nke osisi na microscopic slides kwadebere ya, na a ihe odide nkọwa na-ekwu na ha na-anọchi anya afọ iri abụọ na anọ 'ọrụ, na-egosipụta ya na-ezighị ezi nkwenkwe na buds sitere endogenously na-amanye ụzọ ha apụta..

## Ihe Nketa
John Sims raara ụdị leguminous *Ibbetsonia* nye ya, mana a na-ewere ya ugbu a dịka *Cyclopia* nke Ventenat.

## Edemsibia

; Onye e nyere ya
Agnes J. Quirk

**Agnes J. Quirk** (1884-1974) bụ onye America na-amụ banyere nje bacteria, onye na-ahụ maka ọrịa osisi, na onye mepụtara ihe. Ọ na-ahụ maka ịzụlite nje bacteria na Laboratory of Plant Pathology na United States Department of Agriculture's Bureau of Plant Industry .  Ọ natara ikike ikike  maka mmepụta nke ebu penicillin na jelly na 1952. 

## Ndụ na ọrụ
B.T na-akwụ ụgwọ Galloway, onye duru Laboratory of Plant Pathology na USDA's Bureau of Plant Industry. N'ebe ahụ, na 1901, ọ ghọrọ onye enyemaka nke onye na-ahụ maka ọrịa pathologist Erwin Frink Smith, bụ onye "nwere mpako maka ndekọ ya nke ịhọpụta ụmụ nwanyị ịrụ ọrụ na ngalaba."

Nnyocha Quirk lekwasịrị anya na ihe omume oxidation nke okpueze na ọdịbendị ndị a na-eji na nyocha pathogenic, na-arụ ọrụ n'akụkụ Nellie A. Brown. Utu aha ọrụ mbụ ya na ụlọ nyocha ahụ gụnyere "onye enyemaka ụlọ nyocha" na "onye enyemaka sayensị".Mgbe ọ bụ onye na-enyere ya aka na ụlọ nyocha, Quirk nwere atọ n'ime ndị na-enyere aka ịkwadebe mgbasa ozi na-eto eto. O mepụtara ngwaọrụ ọhụrụ iji nyere aka tụọ ọnụ ọgụgụ mgbasa ozi n'ụzọ ziri ezi na-enweghị funnels.

Na 1923, ya na Edna H. Fawcett rụkọrọ ọrụ iji bipụta akwụkwọ gbasara mkpokọta hydrogen-ion na usoro omenala. Nnyocha nkwonkwo ha tụlere "ihe dị ka oke uto (acid-alkaline) nke ihe karịrị nje bacteria 24 na-ebute ihe ọkụkụ. "

Site na 1928 ruo 1948, Quirk bụ onye isi ụlọ nyocha ahụ.  Na Symposium on Bacterial Dissociation and Life Cycles of the Society of American Bacteriologists, Quirk wepụtara "Technical Five-fold for Producing the Filterable Form of Bacillus phytophthorus," na-egosi nkà ya na nje bacteria.. Dị ka onye na-amụ banyere nje bacteria nwere ahụmịhe, Quirk ga-ekerịta usoro ịzụlite dị iche iche, dị ka usoro maka poteto agar na ihe ọhụrụ na-eto eto.

## Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Hydrogen-ion concentration vs. titratable acidity na omenala.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] *A Begonia Immune to Crowngall: Site na Nnyocha na osisi ndị ọzọ na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ ma ọ bụ Semi-Immune*
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Mmetụta nke bacteriophage na Bacterium tumefaciens, na ụfọdụ ọmụmụ nke filtrates.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Pure Smooth and Rough Colony Types at Will: Science Vol. 74 Friday, November 6, 1931, No. 1923
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] *Njikọ nke Omume nje na nke Osisi na Omenala A manyere Ọdịbendị Aledium* Environment. Journal of Bacteriology 1934 (J. Bacteriol. 1934, 27 (1):22. )

## Edemsibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* EdemsibiaAgnes J. Quirk site na Smithsonian InstitutionỤlọ Ọrụ Smithsonian
Aime Mäemets

**Aime Mäemets** (1930 - 1996)  bụ onye Estonia botanist na ọkà mmụta mmiri. O mere nyocha dị ukwuu n'Ọdọ Mmiri Peipus ma mara ya maka ọmụmụ ihe gbasara Macrophytes. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Tartu na 1954. Site na 1961 ruo 1996 ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Estonia Institute of Zoology and Botany na ọ bụ ọkachamara a ma ama nke osisi Potamogetonaceae.

## Edemsibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ọmụmụ Lake Peipus, site na胸.ee
Aino Henssen

**Aino Marjatta Henssen** (12 Eprel 1925, Elberfeld - 29 Ọgọst 2011, Marburg ), bụ onye Germany na-amụ banyere lichenology na sistematist. Nna ya, Gottfried Henssen, bụ onye na-akọ akụkọ ọdịnala na nne ya bụ onye Finland.

## Agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ
Henssen malitere ọmụmụ ya na bayoloji na Freiburg, Germany, tupu ọ gaa n'ihu na Marburg. O nwetara doctorate na 1953, nke lekwasịrị anya na physiology nke osisi mmiri Spirodela polyrhiza. Na 1963, ọ ghọrọ onye nlekọta nke Botanisches Institut na Philipps-Universität na Marburg, Germany. N'ịgbaso ebe obibi ya na 1965, a họpụtara ya na 1970 ka ọ bụrụ onye ọkachamara ọkachamara maka ọmụmụ thallophyte. Ọ lara ezumike nká na 1990.

## Onyinye
Henssen mere ọtụtụ ọganihu na ihe ọmụma taxonomic nke cyanolichens ma dee akwụkwọ nkuzi na isiokwu ahụ. Akwụkwọ a haziri nkewa taxonomic ma jikọta Ezinụlọ lichen na clades evolushọn. O mechara lekwasị anya na actinomycetes n'oge postdoctoral ya na Institute for Bacteriology na Berlin, na-eduga na nchọpụta nke ụdị ọhụrụ abụọ, Pseudonocardia na *[[Thermomonospora]]* .  N'ozuzu, ọ kọwara usoro atọ, ezinụlọ atọ, ụdị iri abụọ na otu na ihe karịrị ụdị fungi 200 na-emepụta lichen.Enyere ya otuto maka iwebata okwu pycnoascocarp na mbipụta 1963, na-ezo aka n'ụdị ụdị mkpụrụ osisi nke ezinụlọ Lichinaceae.

Henssen bipụtara exsiccatae abụọ, ya bụ *Lichenes cyanophili exsiccati* (1969)  na Lichenes Cyanophili et fungi saxicolae exsiccatti (1990).

## Nkwado
E nyere Henssen agụmakwụkwọ site na American Association of University Women. E bipụtara Festschrift iji sọpụrụ ya n'oge ọ gbara afọ iri isii na ise n'afọ 1990.  N'afọ 1992, e nyere ya Ihe nrite Acharius maka onyinye ndụ ya na lichenology.

### Aha nna
A gụrụ ọtụtụ taxa aha iji sọpụrụ Henssen, gụnyere ụdị *Ainoa* Lumbsch & I.Schmitt (2001)  na ụdị *[[Caloplaca hensseniana]]* Kalb (1990); *Diploschistes hensseniae* Lumbsch& Elix (1985); *[[Gyalidea hensseniae]]* Hafellner, Poelt & Vězda (1990); *[[Lecanora hensseniae]]* Vänskä (1986); *[[Nephroma hensseniae]]* P. & F.J.W.J.White (1987); Rsenicco, R.Senyenyenyenycus (1990); R. & Lumbsch (2004).

## Hụkwa

* Ụdị:Taxa aha ya bụ Aino Henssen

## Edemsibia

* Biography at lichenology.org E debere  Wayback Machine
Vár

N'Akụkọ ifo Norse, **Vár** ma ọ bụ **Vór** (Old Norse, nke pụtara ma ọ bụ "mkpesa"  ma ọ bụ ""onye a hụrụ n'anya" ) bụ chi nwanyị jikọtara ya na iyi na nkwekọrịta. A na-agba akaebe Vár na Poetic Edda, nke e si n'ebe ọdịnala chịkọtara na narị afọ nke 13;  Prose Edda, nke Snorri Sturluson dere na narị afọ nke 13;  na kennings achọtara na skaldic uri na ihe odide runic.  Ndị ọkà mmụta atụpụtawo echiche  banyere mmetụta nke chi nwanyị ahụ.

## Ihe akaebe
N'abụ uri Edda *Þrymskviða*, jötunn Þrymr na-akpọku ngọzi nke Vár mgbe "nwunye" ya (onye bụ n'ezie chi Thor nke na-eme ka ọ bụrụ chi nwanyị Freyja) ji hama zuru ohi nke Thor, Mjöllnir, sọpụrụ ya na agbamakwụkwọ ha:

N'isi nke 35 nke akwụkwọ Prose Edda Gylfaginning, High na-agwa Gangleri (nke a kọwara dị ka eze Gylfi n'ọdịdị) gbasara ásynjur.  Elu anatara Vár itoolu n'etiti iri na isii ásynjur ọ na-eweta na isi na-enye ụfọdụ ozi banyere  ya:Var nke itoolu: ọ na-ege ntị na iyi ndị mmadụ na nkwekọrịta onwe onye nke ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwoke na-eme n'etiti onwe ha. Ya mere, a na-akpọ nkwekọrịta ndị a *Varar*. Ọ na-ata ndị mebiri ha ahụhụ.Na mgbakwunye, *Vár* pụtara ugboro abụọ ọzọ na Poetic Edda. Na isi nke 75 nke akwụkwọ Prose Edda *Skáldskaparmál* Vár pụtara n'ime ndepụta nke aha 27 ásynjur.  N'isi nke 87 aha Vár na-arụ ọrụ na kenning na-ezo aka na chi nwanyị Skaði ("bow-string-Vár") na uri Haustlöng nke skald Þjóðólfr nke Hvinir.[1]  Ihe odide runic nke e dekwasịrị n'osisi sitere na Bergen, Norway n'ihe dị ka afọ 1300 dekọrọ azụmahịa ahịa ahịa na-emekarị, nke sochiri amaokwu sitere n'aka odeakwụkwọ na-adịghị amasị nke na-ekwu banyere Vár (ederede etinyere na ndetu onye ntụgharị):
: 'Wise Var of wire ["nwaanyị nke filigree," nke pụtara "nwaanyị nwere amamihe"] na-eme ka (m) nọdụ ala na-enweghị obi ụtọ.
: Eir [nwaanyị] nke ala mackerels [ma eleghị anya ọlaedo] na-ehi ụra nke ukwuu n'aka m.'
Mindy Macleod na Bernard Mees na-ekwu na ahịrị mbụ nke ihe odide ahụ pụtara n'ezie "ụmụ nwanyị na-eme m nhụsianya" ma ọ bụ nwere ike "alụmdi na nwunye na-eme m nhụsianya," ebe ahịrị nke abụọ pụtara "ụmụ nwanyị na-ehikarị ụra n'aka m". 

## Tiori
Banyere ememe alụmdi na nwunye a na-ezo aka na Vár na *Þrymskviða*, Andy Orchard na-ekwu na "oge ochie nke ememe dị otú ahụ edoghị anya".  Britt-Mari Näsström na-ekwu, dị ka ọtụtụ chi nwanyị ndị ọzọ dị obere, Vár bụ otu n'ime aha Freyja, "nke e mechara jide dị ka chi nwanyị nwere onwe ha". 

Rudolf Simek na-ekwu na chi nwanyị Sága, Hlín, Sjöfn, Snotra, Vár, na Vör kwesịrị iwere ndị akọwapụtara nke ọma bụ ndị "kwesịrị ile anya dị ka chi nwanyị na-echebe" bụ ndị niile na-ahụ maka "ebe ụfọdụ nke mpaghara nzuzo, ma mee ka ọdịiche doro anya n'etiti ha ka ha wee yie ụmụ nwanyị n'ọtụtụ ụzọ" 

## Ihe edeturu

## Edensibia
Don Conroy

**Don Conroy** bụ onye Irish na-ese ihe n'okporo ámá, Onye na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi, onye na telivishọn na onye na-ede Akwụkwọ ụmụaka. Ọrụ nka na akwụkwọ ya na-elekwasị anya na isiokwu okike, gụnyere anụ ọhịa. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ maka nchekwa anụ ọhịa na Ireland wee na-eme ngosi mgbe niile na The Den kemgbe ọ malitere na 1986, na-aghọ onye kachasị ogologo oge na-eje ozi n'ime ndị na-eme ihe nkiri.

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
Don Conroy tolitere na Donnybrook, Dublin, nso Herbert Park. O nwere ụmụnne anọ. Ọ gara Oatlands College, ụlọ akwụkwọ Christian Brothers na Stillorgan. Nne ya na ezinụlọ ya gbara ya ume ka ọ na-ese ihe. Conroy gụrụ akwụkwọ na National College of Art and Design wee rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye mmebe na ihe ngosi maka ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi yana na ihe nkiri.[1]  Ọ nọ na ụlọ ihe nkiri Lantern na ndị egwuregwu Guinness na ihe nkiri amateur, wee nye ya diplọma sitere na Royal Irish Academy na Okwu na Ihe nkiri.  Ọ pụtara dị ka mgbakwunye n'ọtụtụ ihe nkiri na 1970s na 1980s, [2] gụnyere The Big Red One. 

## Ọrụ
Conroy pụtara nke mbụ ya na telivishọn Irish na 1982 na *Late Late Show*, na-aga n'ihu na-egosi ihe ngosi nke ya, Paint For Fun .  Site na 1986 Conroy na-apụta mgbe niile na The Den, na-aghọ onye kachasị ogologo oge na-eje ozi n'ime ndị na-eme ihe nkiri. Ọ pụtakwara n'ihu ọha, n'ọbá akwụkwọ, ụlọ akwụkwọ na ebe ndị ọzọ, ebe ọ na-eme ka ụmụaka nwee akụkọ na eserese nke anụmanụ dị iche iche, n'otu ikike ahụ ọrụ ya na The Den.  Mgbe The Den gasịrị, Conroy kwadoro ihe ngosi nke ya ọzọ, The Art of Don.  Otu n'ime anụmanụ kacha amasị ya bụ ikwiikwii barn.[1][2]  Conroy pụtara na Electric picnic na-enye klas nka.[3]  Na 2020, Conroy maliteghachiri Draw na Don dị ka ọwa YouTube na nzaghachi na mmachi mmekọrịta ọha na eze COVID-19 na Ireland.

### Nchekwa
Conroy keere òkè na ọrụ ahụ iweghachi ugo ọla edo na Ireland, sonye aka na iguzobe ebe nsọ maka whales na dolphins na mmiri Irish,[1] na ihe omume ndị ọzọ na-egosipụta okwu metụtara anụmanụ na ebe obibi dị ize ndụ dị ka World Curlew Day 2020.[2]  Ọ bụ onye na-asọpụrụ na onye na-elekọta ndị otu Irish Peatland Conservation  Council . 

## Ihe odide ndị a họọrọ

* trilogy nke *nku*: On Silent Wings, Wild Wings na Sky Wings*Eluigwe nku*
* *Ihe nkiri Fun na Don Conroy*
* *Akwụkwọ akụkọ Vampire*
* *Ihe Nnụnụ ahụ hụrụ*
* *Akụkọ Nkịta ọhịa*
* *Nnukwu Ụbọchị Joey*
* *Ikpuru Akwụkwọ nke tụgharịrị Akwụkwọ Ọhụrụ*
* *Enyí Dị n'Ebe*

## Ezinụlọ
Conroy na nwunye ya Gay  nwere ụmụ ise, ma nwee ụlọ na County Wexford, nso Enniscorthy. 

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị 

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Roop Kanwar

**Roopkuvarba Kanwar (c. 1969 - 4 Septemba 1987) bụ nwanyị Hindu Rajput dị afọ iri na ụma na India nke gbara ọkụ n'elu ebe olili ozu di ya n'omume Sati [1] [2] [3] na obodo Deorala na Rajasthan, India.N'oge ahụ, ọ dị afọ 18 ma lụọ Maal Singh Shekhawat ruo ọnwa asatọ, onye nwụrụ otu ụbọchị tupu mgbe ọ dị afọ 24.Ha enweghị ụmụ.  Ìgwè mmadụ ndị hụrụ ọnwụ ya kwadoro omume ahụ ma were ya dị ka ọchịchọ, ọ bụ ezie na akụkọ akụkọ nke oge a na-ekwu na a manyere ya ma ọ bụ na uche adịghị ya mma nke na a ga-ata ya ụta.Ọnwụ ya kpalitere arụmụka ọha na eze na India banyere omume Sati.[1]  Ọnwụ Roop Kanwar butere mgbanwe na ma iwu steeti na nke mba iji gbochie satifi yana machibido otuto ya.  Ọ bụ ezie na e boro mmadụ 45 ebubo maka ọnwụ ya, ka ọ na-erule 2024, a tọhapụrụ ha nile**.

## Ọnwụ
Na 4 Septemba 1987 a gbara Roop Kanwar ọkụ na-adị ndụ n'elu ebe olili ozu di ya.  Ọtụtụ puku mmadụ bịara. Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, a na-eto Roop Kanwar dị ka *sati mata* - nne sati, ma ọ bụ nne dị ọcha. Ọnwụ ahụ kpalitere mkpesa ọha na eze n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke mba ahụ ngwa ngwa.  O butere ụzọ na iwu steeti iji gbochie omume na otuto nke sati, emesia nke gọọmentị etiti gọọmentị Commission of Sati (Mgbochi) Act[1] na 1988, na machibido, maka oge mbụ, na-etokwa omume ahụ. 

### Akụkọ akụkọ
Ihe a mere ka ndị ọchịchị mara maka ụkọ aki oyibo.  Ndị obodo ahụ tolitere omume a (nke sati) wee malite inye ya aki oyibo n'ebe ọ nwụrụ;  nke a kpatara ụkọ nke welitere ọkọlọtọ uhie nye ndị ọrụ ego.

Ihe ndekọ mbụ nke gọọmentị na akụkọ ndị ji anya ha hụ ihe ndị enyi, ezinụlọ na ndị obodo nyere gbara akaebe na omume sati nke Roop Kanwar bụ nhọrọ afọ ofufo. Ụfọdụ akụkọ akụkọ na-ekwu na ndị ọzọ bịara ebe ahụ manyere Kanwar ịnwụ.

### Akara ebubo
Ajụjụ mbụ ahụ mere ka e boo mmadụ iri anọ na ise ebubo ọnwụ ya. Ka ọ na-erule 2019, a tọhapụrụ mmadụ iri abụọ na ise n'ime ndị a na Nọvemba 2004, isii adịghịzi ndụ, a kwupụtara ise dị ka ndị na-agba ọsọ na itoolu na-eche ikpe ihu. Nnyocha e mere mgbe e mesịrị mere ka e jide ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị si Deorala, nke a sịrị na ha nọ n'ememe ahụ gụnyere nna di Roop bụ Sumer Singh, na ndị ikwu atọ ndị ọzọ maka ebubo igbu ọchụ na ịkwado igbu onwe.

N'ikpeazụ, e boro mmadụ iri na otu, gụnyere ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị steeti, ebubo na ha na-eto sati. Na 31 Jenụwarị 2004 ụlọ ikpe pụrụ iche na Jaipur tọhapụrụ mmadụ iri na otu a na-ebo ebubo na ikpe ahụ. Na Ọktoba 10 2024, a tọhapụrụ mmadụ asatọ fọdụrụnụ.

## Edensibia

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

*
Walter Wallmann

**Walter Wallmann (24 Septemba 1932 - 21 Septemba 2013) bụ onye ọka iwu German na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Christian Democratic Union (CDU).Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi obodo Frankfurt n'etiti 1977 na 1986, yana onye minista-onye isi ala Hesse site na 1987 ruo 1991.**

Na 1966 na 1970, a họpụtara ya na Landtag nke Hesse site na listi pati CDU, tupu ya agbahapụ na 1972 mgbe a họpụtara ya na Bundestag, ma bụrụkwa onye a họpụtara ọzọ na 1976.

Na 1977, Wallmann gbara arụkwaghịm iwu Bundestag ya na CDU meriri ọtụtụ na ntuli aka ime obodo Frankfurt ka ọ bụrụ onye isi obodo Frankfurt (n'oge ahụ, ahọpụtaghị onye isi obodo ozugbo n'onwe ya).Ndị SPD na-achị Frankfurt kemgbe njedebe nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ya mere ntuli aka ahụ gosipụtara mgbanwe na CDU meriri ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu na ntuli aka obodo. A na-ewere nke a dị ka mmeghachi omume na iwu obodo SPD (*Frankfurter Häuserkampf*), nke a na-elekwasị anya na ịkọ nkọ ala na njedebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke obodo ahụ na mmepe nwere ike ime, onye bu ya ụzọ Rudi Arndt (SPD) dịkwa njikere imebi ihe mkpofu nke mkpọmkpọ ebe nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ nke ụlọ opera Alte iji wuo ụlọ ọrụ ọgbara ọhụrụ na saịtị ahụ kama. Ihe ihere nke ndị SPD nyere aka na CDU, na Frankfurt na-ata ahụhụ site na oke mpụ, a na-akpọ ya *Bankfurt* na **'krank**' (krank pụtara ọrịa na German) na mgbasa ozi.

N'agbata afọ 1986 na 1987 ọ bụ Minista Federal mbụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi, Nchekwa Okike na Nchebe Nuklia. Onye isi ochichi Helmut Kohl hibere ozi a na 6 June 1986 na nzaghachi nke ọdachi Chernobyl ma guzobe site na ngalaba nke Ministri nke ime ime, nke Agriculture na Health.  Iwu steeti dị mkpa n'oge ọ nọ n'ọchịchị bụ mgbanwe nke iwu ụtụ isi ụgbọ ala maka iwebata ụgbọ ala dị ala na iwu ncha nke 5 Maachị 1987.

Ọ hapụrụ Federal Ministry for Environment ka ọ bụrụ Minista nke ise nke Hesse (1987-1991). Dị ka Minista-Onye isi ala, ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka Onye isi ala nke iri atọ na itoolu nke Bundesrat site na Mee ruo Ọktoba 1987. Ọ bụ onye otu Christian Democratic Union.

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Akụkọ ndụ na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke Hessian State Chancellery (n'asụsụ German)
Ogige Ntụrụndụ Shannon, Nova Scotia

Ogige Shannon bụ obodo mepere emepe na ebe nchekwa mba n'ebe ugwu nke Nova Scotia">Dartmouth n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Halifax Harbour na Halifax Regional Municipality (HRM) na Nova Scotia, Canada. Ọ dị n'ebe ndịda nke A. Murray MacKay Bridge na obodo Dartmouth. Ọ na-agafe Highway 111, ụzọ Ụgbọ okporo ígwè CN, na Halifax Harbour. Tuft's Cove gbara ya gburugburu n'ebe ndịda.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Ogige Shannon, yana ogige nchekwa mba dị n'akụkụ Wallis Heights, nwere ezinaụlọ nke ndị ọrụ na-eje ozi na ndị agha mmiri Royal Canadian.  Ewubere ya na 1950s iji dozie ụkọ ụlọ nke kpagburu ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ mmiri na ezinụlọ ha na Halifax n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ.  Aha obodo ahụ bụ HMS Shannon, ụgbọ mmiri nke sitere na Halifax nke meriri nnukwu mmeri na Agha nke 1812.

Site na mbelata nchekwa na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ọrụ na-eje ozi na ndị agha mmiri na ụlọ ndị dị na ahịa ndị nkịtị, mechiri Shannon Park na Wallis Heights na 2004 ma kwaga ndị bi na ya fọdụrụ n'ụlọ ndị agha na Willow Park. 

A kwatuola ụlọ niile ka ọ na-erule afọ 2018.

Ozugbo ugwu nke agbataobi dị na Bedford basin dị n'akụkụ àkwà mmiri MacKay bụ Bedford Institute of Oceanography, ụlọ ọrụ nkwukọrịta Canada Coast Guard, yana ụlọ nyocha Canada Food Inspection  Agency.

Ruo mgbe HRM wepụrụ arịrịọ ya maka 2014 Commonwealth Games, ndị na-eme atụmatụ obodo chere na a ga-eji Shannon Park mee ihe maka ịchọta ámá egwuregwu a tụrụ aro ya, obodo ndị na-agba ọsọ na ọtụtụ ebe ndị ọzọ. A na-ekwurịta okwu maka iwepụ ala ahụ n'etiti National Defence na ụlọ ọrụ Canada Lands Company. Ndị Mi'kmaq si na Millbrook Reserve dị nso na Truro etinyela Akụkọ maka akụkụ nke ala ahụ. Shannon Park nwere ụlọ akwụkwọ French immersion ugbu a.

Ọ bụ ezie na ejighị ya mee ihe, Shannon Park ka bụ akụkụ nke CFB Halifax. Ngalaba na-ahụ maka nchekwa mba wepụrụ ogige ntụrụndụ Shannon n'ime iberibe atọ.

## Ugbu a
N'afọ 2014, ụlọ ọrụ Canada Lands Company (CLC) zụrụ ihe dịka 34.8 hectare (86 acres) nke ala, na ọnụahịa nke $ 4 nde. Ọzọkwa na 2014, CLC zụrụ 1.89 hectare (4.7 acres) nke ala nke gụnyere ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị, na ọnụahịa nke $ 313,000.

Ebufere ihe dị ka 3.6 ha (acres 8.9) na Ọrụ Indigenous Canada, wee bufee ya na Millbrook First Nation. Millbrook First Nation nwere ala dị ịrịba ama n'akụkụ a maara dị ka Turtle Cove, nke bụ ebe obibi Mi'kmaq.

A tụlere ámá egwuregwu maka Atlantic Schooners, nke a na-atụ aro ka ọ bụrụ ebe.

N'ime 16 Mee 2021, enwere atụmatụ imebe ala 34.8 ha (acres 86) iji nweta ụlọ obibi 3,000 n'ikpeazụ.

## Njem
Enwere ike iru Shannon Park site na ụzọ bọs Halifax Transit "51 Windmill", nke jikọtara ya na Bridge Terminal. N'oge gara aga, ụzọ 51 gara Shannon Park (site na Nootka Avenue), mana bọs na-akwụsị ugbu a na Windmill Road naanị. 

Usoro Njem Njem Nkwado nke gọọmentị ime obodo (nke a nakweere na 2020) na-atụ aro ịmepụta ụzọ ụgbọ mmiri ọhụrụ na-ejikọ Shannon Park na etiti Halifax.

## Edensibia

Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations
Alice F. Tryon

Alice Faber Tryon (1920-2009) bụ onye American botanist bụ ọkachamara na usoro nke ferns na ndị ọzọ na-agbasasị osisi (pteridology)  O nwere ebe abụọ na-adọrọ mmasị n'ọrụ ya, nke mbụ na-etinye ojiji nke spore surface patterns n'ime nghọta nke fern dị iche iche na sistemụ, na nke abụọ ezinụlọ fern Pteridaceae.

## Akụkọ ndụ
Alice Faber Tryon mụrụ Alice Elizabeth Faber na Milwaukee, Wisconsin, na August 2, 1920, nye Arthur na Laura Bindrich Faber.

Alice Tryon completed her Bachelor's degree in 1941 at Milwaukee State Teacher’s College (now the University of Wisconsin). She completed her master’s thesis on the taxonomic utility of spore characters in the spikemoss genus *Selaginella* at the University of Wisconsin in 1945. Her Doctoral degree she received at Washington University in 1952, where her PhD dissertation was on the diversity and taxonomy of the New World species of *Pellaea*, a genus of xerically adapted ferns in the Pteridaceae. She first began working with Rolla Milton Tryon, Jr. in 1945 as a student at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.  In 1946, she became a member of the American Fern Society and became an honorary member in 1978. The Tryons moved to Harvard in 1958, where they spent the majority of their professional careers. At Harvard, they organized and offered an annual New England Fern Conference, which brought students and professors together in an informal and productive setting. Becoming the first woman member of the New England Botanical Club in 1968, Tryon was elected President in 1978.

.

OThroughout her career she worked closely with her husband, traveling internationally and frequently publishng together—including their systematic survey of the ferns, with emphasis on tropical America. Her work on spore surface patterns was enhanced by her incorporation of scanning electron microscope images. With Bernard Lugardon, an authority on the interior structure of fern spores using transmission electron microscope images, published a complete survey of fern spore diversity in 1991. Tryon also made significant contributions to the study of fern reproductive biology with her studies of apomixis in *Pellaea*.

.'afọ 

Na 2014, a kọwara Tryonia dị ka ụdị ọhụrụ taenitidoid fern genus na Pteridaceae kewapụr na Jamesonia na Eriosorus. Aha ahụ kwanyere Tryon ugwu maka ọrụ ya "pụrụ iche" na fern systematics, nke gụnyere mbipụta mbipụta nke ọgbọ abụọ gara aga.

 

## Edemsibia
Alice Haskins

**Alice Crane Haskins Swingle** (1880-1971) bụ onye American government botanist . Ya na di ya, onye na-akụ osisi Deane Bret Swingle (1879–1944), o dekọrọ akwụkwọ 1928 A Textbook of Systematic Botany. . 

## Ndụ na ọrụ
A mụrụ Haskins na 24 Eprel 1880, na Acton, Massachusetts na Helen A. Crane na John R. Haskins. Ọ gụchara nzere bachelọ na Mahadum Smith na 1903. Haskins rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye enyemaka nyocha na Laboratory Plant Pathology Laboratory of the United States Department of Agriculture site na 1903 ruo 1906.

Erwin Frink Smith, onye na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ nke Ngalaba Agriculture nke United States, na-ewekarị ụmụ nwanyị na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ na Bureau of Plant Industry iji mụọ ọrịa osisi. Haskins so n'òtù ahụ, nke gụnyere Nellie A. Brown, Clara H. Hasse, Florence Hedges, Agnes J. Quirk, Della Watkins, na Mary K. Bryan na-arụ ọrụ na nsogbu ọrụ ugbo dị ka okpueze, citrus cankers, na ọka na chestnut blight.

N'afọ 1906, ọ lụrụ Swingle, onye na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ na onye ọrụ ibe ya, wee kwaga Bozeman, Montana, ebe Swingle ghọrọ Prọfesọ nke Botany na Bacteriology na Montana State College of Agriculture (mgbe e mesịrị Montana State University).

Haskins nwụrụ na 16 Ọktoba 1971, na Santa Clara, California.

## Edemsibia
Alice Pegler

**Alice Marguerite Pegler** (21 Julaị 1861 - 17 June 1929) bụ onye nkuzi South Africa na onye na-anakọta ihe ọkụkụ.

Ada S. Mackin Pegler, Alice gụrụ akwụkwọ na Dominican Convent na King William's Town. Ọ bụ ezie na a zụrụ ya dị ka onye nkuzi, ọ gbahapụrụ ọrụ a wee biri na Kentani ebe ọ zụlitere ma kụziere ụmụ nwanne ya ihe. O nwere nsogbu ahụ́ ike n'oge ndụ ya niile ma jiri anya ya na-edi nsogbu na-adịghị ala ala.

Mgbe ọ nọ na Kentani, ọ malitere nchịkọta dị ukwuu nke osisi niile n'ime radius nke kilomita 5 site n'obodo nta ahụ. Nchịkọta ya dugara na akwụkwọ ozi mgbe niile na ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ọkụkụ dị ka Peter MacOwan, Harry Bolus, HHW Pearson, Selmar Schonland na Illtyd Buller Pole-Evans. E bipụtara ihe odide ya nke ọma banyere osisi Kentani n'oge niile na *Ann *. *Ihe oriri Ahịhịa* 5: 1-32 (1918). Ọ naghị ejikọta onwe ya na osisi, kamakwa ọ na-anakọta ụmụ ahụhụ, ụmụ ahụhụ, ududo, na akpị. N'afọ 1903, ọ gara Transvaal ma chịkọta ihe n'etiti Rustenburg na Johannesburg. Ahụike ya na-ada ada mechara mee ka ọ bụrụ ọkachamara na algae na fungi. E bipụtara ọnụ ọgụgụ nke fungi ọ chịkọtara na 1911-14 na mpaghara Kentani na Ann. Ihe oriri Ahịhịa 2: 184-93 (1918). Bolus kwanyere ya ugwu maka nchịkọta ya na Vol. 2 nke *Orchid nke South Africa* (1911) ma kọwaa ya dị ka onye "onye, n'agbanyeghị ahụike dị ala, enweghị ike ike ọgwụgwụ n'ịchọpụta osisi ndị agbata obi ya. " N'ime afọ asaa tupu ọnwụ ya, ọ ghọrọ onye na-enweghị enyemaka. E nyere ihe atụ ya nke dị puku abụọ na South African National Botanical Institute na Pretoria.

N'afọ 1912, a kwụrụ ya nsọpụrụ pụrụ iche nke ịbụ onye Òtù Linnaean Society.  A na-echeta ya na *Aloe peglerae*, ụdị Peglera Bolus (nke ghọrọ otu *Egwu* maka Nectaropetalum Engl.), Chironia peglerae Prain, Chionanthus peglerae (C.H. Wr.) Stearn, na fungi Puccinia pegleriana Doidge, Ravenalia peglerae Pole-Evans, Uromyces peglerae Pole-Evans, Ustilago peglerae Bubak & Syd., na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ..[3]

## Edemsibia
 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Biography of Alice PeglernaS2A3Biographical Database nke Southern African Science
Almut Gitter Jones

**Almut Gitter Jones** (8 Septemba 1923 – 12 Ọktoba 2013) bụ onye German-American botanist, mycologist, na onye taxonomist osisi ama ama maka ọrụ ya na-enyocha genus Aster, yana maka ọrụ ya dị ka onye nlekọta nke herbarium na Mahadum Illinois**.**.   

A mụrụ Jones Almut Gitter na Oldenburg nye Alfred na Emma (née Eickhorst) Gitter. Ọ lụrụ onye na-akụ osisi George Neville Jones na Urbana, Illinois na 1958. Ọ nwụrụ na Urbana, Illinois.

Ọ kọwara ihe karịrị ụdị iri ise,   na ụdị *Almutaster* nke ezinụlọ Asteraceae ka akpọrọ aha ya na 1982. A na-eji mkpirisi ọkọlọtọ onye edemede AG Jones egosi onye a dị ka onye edemede mgbe ọ na-ezo aka na aha botanical.[5] 
thumb|''''Almutaster'' pauciflorus'', Utah Lake Wetland Preserve nso Goshen, Utah County, Utah. A gụrụ otu ụdị Almutaster aha Jones.

## Edemsibia
{{Reflist|refs=
{{Cite news 
| date         = 17 June 2019
| orig-date    = 23 October 2013
| title        = Almut Jones
| url          = http://www.news-gazette.com/obituaries/2013-10-23/almut-jones.html
| work         = The News-Gazette (Champaign, Illinois) (www.news-gazette.com)
| publisher    = Community Media Group (CMG)
| location     = Frankfort, Illinois
| url-status   = live
| archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20211015122711/https://www.news-gazette.com/obituaries/almut-jones/article_be8b7fa4-b348-58eb-8c54-6f3e3503e321.html
| archive-date = 15 October 2021
| access-date  = 15 October 2021
| quote        = During her career, she held various positions in plant biology, ultimately becoming curator of the UI Herbarium, a position she held until her retirement. Her field of research centered on the plant genus, Aster. She published many papers about the systematics of this large, complicated group of species and was recognized nationally and internationally as an authority on Aster.
Amelia Griffiths

**Amelia Griffiths** (1768-1858), nke a na-akpọkarị n'ọrụ nke oge a dị ka Oriakụ Griffiths nke Torquay, bụ onye na-egwu mmiri n'ụsọ osimiri na onye na-amụ ihe gbasara phycologist nke mere ọtụtụ nchịkọta dị mkpa nke ụdị algae mmiri**.**

## Ndụ onwe onye
A mụrụ Amelia Warren Rogers na 14 Jenụwarị 1768 na Pilton, Devon, UK. Nne na nna ya bụ John na Emily (née Warren) Rogers. Ọ lụrụ Rev. William Griffiths, onye ụkọchukwu nke St Issey, Cornwall, na 1794, mana mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, ọ kwagara ezinụlọ ya nke ụmụ ise na Torquay. Ọ nwụrụ na Torquay na 4 Jenụwarị 1858.

## Nkwekọrịta na nraranye
Ya na onye na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ William Henry Harvey na-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi ruo ọtụtụ afọ, na-aghọ ezigbo enyi. Ha zutere na Torquay na 1839.

Harvey raara akwụkwọ ntuziaka ya nke 1849 nke British Algae nye ya, ma dee otu ugboro
 

Carl Adolph Agardh kpọrọ *Griffithsia* iji sọpụrụ ya na 1817. 

Otu n'ime ndị odibo ya, Mary Wyatt, tinyere aka n'ịchịkọta na ire akwụkwọ nke ahịhịa mmiri dịka akụkụ nke azụmahịa ya na-ere mkpokọta na ihe ncheta obodo site na enyemaka Griffiths.

## Ụdị ndị a kọwara
Griffiths bụ onye mbụ kọwara *Ceramium agardhianum* A.W.Griffiths ex Harvey 1841 (nke bụzi *C. deslongchampsii) * na ụdị *Ceramium botryocarpum* na 1844.  A na-eji mbiri nke onye ode akwụkwọ ọkọlọtọ A.W.Griffiths gosi onye a dị ka odee mgbe ọ na-ehota aha botanical. 

## Nchịkọta
Ọ chịkọtara ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ụdị. E zigara ụfọdụ ndị nchịkọta ndị ọzọ ma ọ bụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ka ọ na-etinye ndị ọzọ na albums n'onwe ya. Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, herbarium nke ya ghọrọ akụkụ nke Torquay Museum ma enwere abọm 3 nke ụdị ya na Royal Albert Memorial Museum nke Exeter. Ndị ọzọ ghọrọ akụkụ nke nchịkọta na British Museum, gụnyere 780 British seaweeds zụrụ na 1852 na 880 specimens nyere site na North Devon Athenaeum na 1917. O nyekwara ndị nchịkọta ihe ndị ọzọ ma ndị a achọtakwala ụzọ ha n'ime nchịkọta mba. Na mgbakwunye, ụfọdụ nọ ugbu a n'ime Kew Herbarium. Nwa ya nwanyị, Amelia Elizabeth Griffiths (1802-1861), chịkọtakwara ahịhịa mmiri na ụfọdụ n'ime nchịkọta ya ghọgburu nke nne ya.

## Hụkwa

* Usoro oge nke ụmụ nwanyị na sayensị

## Edemsibia
Amy Jacot Guillarmod

**Amy Frances May Gordon Jacot Guillarmod** (née Hean) (23 Mee 1911 – 1992), bụ onye South Africa botanist na limnologist, kwuru maka ọrụ ya na flora nke Basutoland na ụfọdụ akwụkwọ 200, gụnyere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ na ala mmiri, ahịhịa na sponges.

## Agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ
Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Durban Girls' High School, ọ hapụrụ Edinburgh n'oge na-adịghị anya.

Enyere Jacot Guillarmod nzere MA na Bekee na akụkọ ihe mere eme na Mahadum St Andrews, mana sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson, gbanwere mmasị wee malite akara mmụta MSc na Botany na Zoology n'otu mahadum ahụ. Mgbe ọ laghachiri na South Africa, ọ kụziri nwa obere oge na Durban wee họpụta ya onye na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ na ngalaba nke Botany na Plant Pathology nke Ngalaba Agriculture na Pretoria. Akwụkwọ mbụ ya kwuru gbasara ọrịa na-efe efe nke ụtaba na ihe ọkụkụ ndị ọzọ.

Ọ nọrọ n'agbata afọ 1940 na 1957 na Basutoland. N'afọ 1956/7 ọ ghọrọ Onye isi nke Ngalaba Botany nke Pius XII College na Rom. Jacot Guillarmod guzobere Roma Herbarium na 1956. 

N'afọ 1958, ya na ezinụlọ ya kwagara Grahamstown mgbe ọ malitere ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi na Ngalaba Botany nke Mahadum Rhodes. E chefughị njikọ ya na Basutoland, na 1967 ọ natara DSc site na Mahadum St Andrews maka nyocha ya na osisi nke Basutolland.

A na-echeta ya na *Merxmuellera guillarmodiae* Conert, *Navicula jacotiae* F.R. Schoeman, *Pinnularia guillarmodiae* F.R' Schoeman na ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ. Mpịakọta 50, akụkụ 1 (1988) nke The Flowering Plants of Africa raara ya nye. Ihe atụ ya dị ihe dị ka 10 000 ma bụrụ ndị sitere na Lesotho na Eastern Cape, nke dị na herbaria ndị a: PREM, PRE, RUH, GRA, MASE, K na MO. [a]

## Ihe edeturu n'onwe ya
N'oge ọ nọrọ na Pretoria n'afọ ndị 1930 mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo, ọ chọtara oge igwu hockey, ma nọchite anya Northern Transvaal. N'otu oge ahụ, ọ zutere onye ọrụ ibe ya na onye ga-abụ di ya, onye na-ahụ maka ụmụ ahụhụ Charles Frédéric Jacot-Guillarmod (1912-1979), onye mechara bụrụ onye nlekọta nke Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie Albany. O so ụbọchị ọmụmụ Linnaeus ma bụrụ onye a ma ama maka emume jikọrọ aka kwa afọ. N'agbanyeghị na ndị ọzọ nọ n'ezinụlọ ya na-akpọ aha ha, ọ siri ọnwụ na ha agaghị eme otú ahụ.

## Ọrụ

* 
* 
* 

## Edemsibia
Angela Piskernik

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Angela Piskernik
**Angela Piskernik** (27 August 1886 - 23 December 1967) bụ onye Austro-Yugoslav botanist na conservationist.

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Piskernik na Bad Eisenkappel na Southern Carinthia, nke nọgidere na Austria ka Agha Ụwa Mbụ gasịrị, ma nwee Ph.D. na botany sitere na Mahadum Vienna.[1] Otu n'ime ndị nkụzi ya bụ Hans Molisch. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie nke dị na Ljubljana ma kụzie ihe n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị dị iche iche.

Dị ka nwanyị Slovene maara mba ya, ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na plebiscite Carinthian na klọb nke ndị mbịarambịa. N'afọ 1943, a tụrụ ya mkpọrọ ma tụọ ya mkpọrọ n'ogige ịta ahụhụ ndị Nazi Ravensbrück .  A kpọtụrụ ya aha na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndụ "Angel of Oblivion" nke onye edemede Austria bụ Maja Haderlap dere.

Mgbe 1945 gasịrị, ọ ghọrọ onye nduzi nke Museum of Natural History na Ljubljana ma rụọ ọrụ na ọrụ nchekwa. Karịsịa, o mere mgbalị iji mezigharịa ma chebe Juliana Alpine Botanical Garden na Triglav National Park. Ọ bụ onye Itali na-echekwa ihe Renzo Videsott kpaliri ya.

N'afọ 1960, ọ duru ndị nnọchi anya Yugoslavia nke International Commission for the Protection of the Alps (CIPRA) wee tụpụta ogige okike okike na Austria na Savinja Alps na Karawanks. Ogige ntụrụndụ bilateral bụ, Otú ọ dị, ọ dịghị mgbe ọ bụla ghọtara. Taa, mpaghara a bụ akụkụ nke European Green Belt. Ọ nwụrụ na 1967 na Ljubljana.

N'afọ 2019, e nyere Piskernik stampụ ncheta nke e wepụtara na Slovenia.

## Ihe odide

* ''Ogige ntụrụndụ Jugoslovansko-Avstrijskigogogorski (predlog za zavarovanje) '', nke nwere nchịkọta n'asụsụ Bekee: Ogige ntụgharị ugwu Yugoslav-Austrian (atụ aro maka nchebe) (1965),  4, peeji nke 7-15

## Edemsibia
Anna Aloys Henga

**Anna Aloys Henga** bụ onye ọka iwu Tanzanian na onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ nke a maara maka ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya gụnyere atụmatụ inye ụmụ nwanyị ike dịka ịhazi mgbochi nke ụmụ nwanyị na mba Tanzania. Ọ ghọrọ onye isi nchịkwa nke Legal and Human Rights Center na afo pụkụ abụọ na iri na asatọ.

## Ndụ
Nne na nna Henga bu ndị onye orụ Obodo, o bụkwa otú n'ime ụmụ ise ha mụtara. O kwụrụ na ọ maghị na o bú nwa ikpa oke mmekọahụ. &#x5B;**&#x5D;

Ọ na-eme mkpọsa iji belata nkwarụ ụmụ nwanyị. Ọ bụ iwu na-akwadoghị na mba Tanzania kemgbe na afo puku narị itoolu na iri itoolu na asatọ mana a na-eme atụmatụ na 10% nke ụmụ agbọghọ ka na-ata ahụhụ ọgwụgwọ a.

N'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri na ise, ọ kpọkọtara ndị ọzọ Civil Societies na Tanzania iji nwee ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịgbaso ntuli aka nke Tanzania. A makwaara ya maka ịkpali ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọzọ itinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Tanzania.

Ọ bụkwa onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ ma họpụta ya dị ka onye isi nchịkwa nke Legal and Human Rights Center (LHRC) na afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri na asatọ na-anọchi Dr. Helen Kijo-Bisimba.

Akụkụ ndị isi nke nka ya bụ Iwu Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ, nyocha Iwu, Mmekọahụ na Omume maka Òtù Na-abụghị Gọọmenti na Nkà Mmụta.

Anna nwere nzere masta na Development Policy and Practice for Civil Society, (Mzumbe University, Tanzania), Post Graduate Diploma na Business Administration - Institute of Finance Management (IFM Tanzania), Bachelor of Laws (University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania), Diploma na Gender- site na Sweden Institute of Public Administration na Diploma na Theology site na Mahanaim School of Theology, Certificate of Directorship site na Institute of Directors (IoDT) na Certificate of Corporate Governance site na ESAMI.

Òtù ọ na-eduzi (LHRC) na-edekọ ọnọdụ Human Rights na Tanzania site na akụkọ Tanzania Human Rights nke a na-emepụta kwa afọ na kwa afọ. A makwaara nzukọ ahụ nke ọma maka Nleba anya ntuli aka, Mmụta Obodo na Usoro Ọchịchị. 

N'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri na itolu, a kpọrọ aha ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị natara International Women of Courage Award ma nata onyinye a ma ama site na United States Department of State .  N'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama, ya, Moumina Houssein Darar (Djibouti) na Maggie Gobran (Egypt) bụ ụmụ nwanyị Afrịka atọ a gụnyere n'afọ a.

## Edemsibịa

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Duma Kumalo

**Duma Joshua Kumalo** (nwụrụ n'ụbọchị nke atọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na isii) bụ onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na mba South Africa na otu n'ime ndị Sharpeville Isii. A mara ya ikpe ọnwụ n'okpuru iwu 1984 nke "otu ebumnuche", nke nyere ohere ka a maa mmadụ ikpe maka ịnọ nso na mmebi iwu, n'emeghị ya n'onwe ya. N'afọ pụkụ na narị itoolu na ịrị asatọ na asatọ, a kwụsịtụrụ igbu ya otu ụbọchị tupu a maa ya ikpe. Mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ na afo pụkụ itọọlu na iri itoolu na otu, Kumalo tinyere aka n'ọtụtụ ọrụ ndị ruuru mmadụ, gụnyere mkparịta ụka banyere Truth and Reconciliation Commission na ịrụ ọrụ na Amnesty International. Ọ bụ onye guzobere Khulumani Support Group maka ndị na-eme ihe ike metụtara ịkpa ókè agbụrụ.

Kumalo tinyekwara aka na ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri dịka ụzọ isi kọọ akụkọ ya na itinye ndị ọzọ na nsogbu ndị ruuru mmadụ. Egwuregwu ya The Story I Am About To Tell nwere nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma, na-agba ọsọ na South Africa na mba ụwa ruo afọ ise.

## Ọrụ

### Ihe nkiri

* *Akụkọ M Na-aga Ịsị*
* Ya na Yael Farber hapụrụ ya n'udo

### Vidio

* Ịhụ Ọnwụ n'Anya Ya... Facing Life, ihe nkiri ya na Ingrid Gavshon

### Ihe ndị ọzọ

* *Ọkpụkpụ Ka Na-akpọ*, na Seputla Sebogodi

Kumalo nyekwara aka na Zulu Love Letter, nke Ramadan Suleman na Bheki Pieterson.

## Edemsibịa

## Njikọ mpụga
Marc Ona

**Marc Ona Essangui** bụ onye guzobere NGO gburugburu ebe obibi Brainforest na onye isi oche nke Environment Gabon, netwọk nke NGO. Marc Ona Essangui duziri mgbalị iji kpughee nkwekọrịta dị n'azụ ọrụ igwu ala nke China na Gabon, mba dị na West Central Africa, nke na-eyi usoro okike nke oké ọhịa mmiri ozuzo egwu. 

Dị ka Ona Essangui si kwuo, a tụlere mmepe Belinga, ọrụ ijeri $ 3.5, na nzuzo. A gwaghị ndị obodo dị n'ógbè ahụ ma ha amaghị mmetụta ọrụ ahụ ga-enwe na gburugburu ebe obibi ha. Ona meriri 2009 Africa Goldman Environmental Prize maka ọrụ ya.  A na-akwụsị ọrụ ahụ ugbu a n'ihi enweghị ego. N'ọnwa Machị afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri na atọ a mara Ona Essangui ikpe ịga mkpọrọ ọnwa isii na ihe dịka $ 10,000 USD maka nkwutọ nke Liban Soleman, onye ndụmọdụ dị elu nke Onye isi ala Ali Bongo Ondimba.

Site na Jenụwarị n'afo pụkụ abụọ na iri abụọ ruo Julaị n'afọ pụkụ abụọ nna ịrị abụọ na atọ, Marc Ona Essangui bụ onye isi oche nke Tournons La Page movement for democracy in Afrịka.

## Edemsibịa

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Olileanya n'azụ Ụlọ Nkwụ Afrịka

Olileanya n'azu Ụlọ Nkwụ Afrịka (HBBA) bụ òtù na-ahụ maka Ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na mba Naijiria na-emechi ikpe ziri ezi na ọdịiche dị iche iche site na iji enyemaka iwu, teknụzụ, nkwado maka ndị nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ na nkwado dabeere na ihe akaebe. Nzukọ ahụ, na-eji ihe nlereanya ụlọ ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya n'inye ndị ogbenye ohere ikpe ziri ezi tupu ikpe ha; na mmadụ rụrụ pụkụ asaa na narị ịse metụtara ikpe ziri ezi erite uru site na ntinye aka ya.   

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
E guzobere Olileanya n'azu Ụlọ Nkwụ Afrịka na afo pụkụ abụọ na iri asatọ. Ọ bụ onye ọka iwu Naijiria bụ Funke Adeoye guzobere ya bụ onye nwere ahụmịhe onwe ya na usoro ikpe mpụ dị ka nwatakịrị mgbe usoro ahụ mesoro nna ya n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi.  

N'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri na asato, Olileanya n'azu Ụlọ Nkwụ Afrịka nyere ndị ogbenye na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla tupu ikpe ha na Naịjirịa ọrụ iwu pro-bono. Ọ nọchitere anya ndị mkpọrọ dị Narị anọ na iri abụọ na asaa tupu ikpe; na-anọchite anya ma na-ahapụ ndị mkpọrọ di ịrị itọọlu tupu ikpe ejikọtara ya na #EndSARS.  

N'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri na itoolu, nzukọ ahụ ghọrọ onye na-erite uru na Accountability Lab Incubation Program, Accountabilidad Incubator; na Oluwafunke na-emeri SDG 16 Innovation Challenge maka ngwa weebụ ya "Connect Lawyer". Ngwa ahụ na-eje ozi dị ka njikọ dị n'etiti ndị ọka iwu nwere mmasị n'inye ọrụ iwu pro-bono na ndị ogbenye na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla tupu ikpe ha chọrọ ọrụ ha.

N'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri abụọ na atọ,HBBA jikọtara aka na Legend Golden Care Foundation iji mepụta Accelerating Justice Reforms in Nigeria (AJURN) Project. A na-eduzi AJURN na ngwa ngwa nke ikpe ziri ezi maka ndị e jidere, na ịrụ ọrụ nke Non-Custodial Unit of the Correctional Service na Naijiria.  

Nzukọ ahụ, akwadowo ike nke ndị nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ma ọ bụ n'ime ụlọ mkpọrọ ma ọ bụrụ na ha abanyeghachi n'ime ọha mmadụ.  

HBBA enyerela ihe karịrị ndị omempụ rụrụ ịrị ise aka na ohere agụmakwụkwọ dị mma, site na onyinye nke ihe agụmakwụkwọ, ụlọ ọrụ ịntanetị, na ịkwụ ụgwọ ndebanye aha. A na-ejikọ nzukọ ahụ na Campaign to Decriminalise Poverty & Status, Catalyst 2030, NAMATI, na World Coalition Against the Death Penalty. E nyere ha ọnọdụ UN ECOSOC na June n'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri abụọ na atọ. 

HBBA meriri 2022 UNLEASH Plus Dragons" Den na 2023 Waislitz Global Citizen Awards. 

## Edemsibịa
Abayomi Mighty

Abayomi Rotimi Mighty (amụrụ na Machị iri abụọ na itoolu, n'afọ pụkụ na narị itoolu na ịrị asatọ na ịse) bụ onye nnọchi anya ndị ntorobịa Naijiria na United Nations. Mighty bụ onye ndu ndị ntorobịa nke Naijiria (NIM) nke onye Naijiria na-ahụ maka ikike mmadụ bụ Olisa Agbakoba na-eduzi. Ọ bụkwa onye otu National Steering Committee nke Coalition of United Political Parties (CUPP).   

## Ọrụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị
Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asaa, ọ bụ ọnụ na-ekwuchitere ndị ntorobịa Africa nke United Nations (UN) na African Leaders Summit on HIV / AIDS nke mepụtara Abuja Declaration (2001) Okwu ya keere òkè na nguzobe na ihe ịga nke ọma nke 'Youth Involvement Revolution' nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ na otu n'Afrika.   

Abayomi bụ onye na-ekwuchitere ọha na eze ma nwee akwụkwọ akpọrọ 'Things for Teens' na 'The Thumb Revolution'.    O dere egwu di pụkụ na narị abụọ na ịrị na asaa ma mepụta akụkọ dị Narị itọọlu na ịrị asatọ na asaa  dị njikere ka a kọọ ya ma dee ya na fim na akwụkwọ akụkọ na-edekwa akwụkwọ banyere Damola Victor Ayegbayo banyere aha ndụ ya 'Nka bụ ndụ'. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Project Manager nke Adegrange Child Foundation otu NGO nke onye bụbu Minista Ahụike nke Naịjirịa bụ Prọfesọ Adenike Grange guzobere   

Abayomi bụ onye nnọchi anya ndị ntorobịa Naịjirịa na United Nations. Ọ bụ ugbu a onye ndu ntorobịa nke National Youth Movement (NIM) nke Olisa Agbakoba na-eduzi nke na-ejikọ aka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na People's Trust (PT)    ma bụrụkwa onye otu National Steering Committee nke Coalition of United Political Parties (CUPP).     

## Onyinye
Global New Leader for Tomorrow Award site na Crans Montana Forum, Monaco na Yessiey Awards.

## Edemsibịa

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Angélica Maazị Arambarri

**Angélica Margarita Arambarri** (22 Eprel 1945, na La Plata – 11 Disemba 2012, na La Plata) bụ onye Argentine botanist na mycologist. Ọ bụ osote onye isi ngalaba nke sayensị sayensị na ihe ngosi nka nke National University of La Plata .  

## Ọrụ
Angélica Margarita Arambarri nwetara PhD ya na 1982 na Mahadum Mba nke La Plata. N'ebe ahụ ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ dị elu, onye ndụmọdụ agụmakwụkwọ, dịka onye otu ndụmọdụ ndụmọdụ nke Ngalaba Botany, na dịka osote onye isi oche. Ọ bụ onye isi nke ngalaba Mycology nke C. Spegazzini Institute. 

Ọ bụ prọfesọ na onye isi nchọpụta nke National Scientific and Technical Research Council. 

O meriri Luis Federico Leloir Award na Mycology. 

## Edemsibia
René Ngongo

**René Ngongo** (amụrụ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ pụkụ na narị itoolu na ịrị isii na otu na mba  Goma, Republic of the Congo) bụ onye Congolese na-ahụ maka ihe ndị dị ndụ, Onye na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ngongo gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum nke Kisangani na nzere bachelọ na Biology n'afo pụkụ na narị itoolu na ịrị asatọ na asaa . N'afọ pụkụ na narị itoolu na ịrị itọọlu na anọ o guzobere NGO OCEAN (Organisation Concertée des Ecologistes et Amis de la Nature) iji chebe akụ na ụba nke DRC.
thumb|René Ngongo natara Right Livelihood Award
N'afọ pụkụ abụọ na itoolu, René Ngongo natara Right Livelihood Award "maka obi ike ya n'ịnagide ndị agha na-ebibi oké ọhịa mmiri ozuzo nke Congo ma na-ewu nkwado ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị maka nchekwa na ojiji ha".

## Hụkwa

## Edemsibịa

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
William Leslie Amanzuru

**William Leslie Amanzuru** bụ Onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi na onye isi otu na ndị enyi Zoka na mba Ugandan.   

## Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga
A mụrụ Ma'di na [Lira District] n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ mba Uganda, Amanzuru toro n'ógbè dị gburugburu ọhịa Zoka ebe a na-echekwa ọhịa na ọdịda anyanwụ Naịl Uganda .  

## Ọrụ
N'ịbụ onye na-enwe nsogbu site na mmebi iwu na-akwadoghị nke ihe onwunwe ọhịa, Amanzuru kpebiri ime ihe iji hụ na echekwara ọhịa Zoka. N'afọ pụkụ abụọ na ịrị na ise, Amanzuru na obodo ahụ guzobere otu a na-akpọ "ndị enyi Zoka", otu ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi nke hụrụ Zoka Central Forest Reserve n'anya iji kwụsị mpụ iwu na-akwadoghị nke ndị na-egbutu osisi, ndị na-ere osisi na ndị na-azụ icheku ọkụ.

Na mbido nke ndị enyi Zoka, otu ahụ haziri ọrụ ha n'otu ìgwè watsap iji soro ndị na-egbutu osisi ma gwa ibe ha ma ọ bụrụ na ọrụ ọ bụla kwesịrị ime ihe.

Amanzuru zutere mmegide siri ike site n'aka ndị agha Uganda dị ike na ndị uwe ojii na-enwe afọ ojuju na ahia osisi iwu na-akwadoghị. Ọ na-eche egwu ọnwụ ihu, na-abanye n'ụlọ ya ma na-akwaga ezinụlọ ya narị ịse kilomita na-achọ nchekwa.&nbsp;

Ya na ndị ọzọ na-eme ngagharị iwe haziri ihe omume iji mee ka ọha na eze mara banyere ihe ize ndụ nke mgbanwe ihu igwe. N'afọ pụkụ abụọ na ịrị na itọọlu, ha haziri njem njem kilomita rụrụ narị anọ na iri asaa iji chekwaa ọhịa Zoka, njem ahụ malitere site na Kampala isi obodo Uganda ruo n'ọhịa Zoka na mpaghara Adjumani ma were ụbọchị 15.&nbsp;

## Onyinye
Amanzuru bụ onye natara European Union Human Rights Defenders Award 2019 na mba Uganda maka ọrụ ya nke na-elekwasị anya na nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi na Ikpe ziri ezi nke ihu igwe.

## Edemsibịa

Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Angie Beckwith

**Angie Maria Beckwith** (27 Jenụarị 1881 – 2 Ọktoba 1964) bụ onye ọkà mmụta ihe ọmụmụ ihe gbasara ihe gbasara ihe ndị America, na ụlọ nyocha izizi ọrịa na USDA's Bureau of Plant Industry n'okpuru Erwin F. Smith na Florence Hedges n'oge 1920s.  

N'afọ 1921, Beckwith bụ otu n'ime ihe karịrị ụmụ nwanyị iri abụọ na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ nyocha Smith, na ndị a na-akwụ ụgwọ na ha na-amụ batrịa wilt na agwa ọhụrụ akọrọ. N'etiti ndị otu ya bụ ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta mycology na ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ọkụkụ gụnyere Charlotte Elliott, Nellie A. Brown, Edith Cash, Mary Katherine Bryan, Anna Jenkins, na Lucia McCulloch, Pearle Smith.

Ọ bụ onye otu Mycological Society of America ma na-ebipụta ya mgbe niile na Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club . 

## Edemsibia
Perfluorohexane

**Perfluorohexane ( C6F14), ma ọ bụ tetradecafluorohexane, bụ fluorocarbon.  Ọ bụ ihe mgbapụta nke hexane nke atom niile nke hydrogen na-eji atom fluorine dochie ya.** A na-eji ya n'otu nhazi nke elektrọnik mmiri jụrụ oyi/insulator Fluorinert maka ngwa na-ekpo ọkụ n'ihi ebe isi ya dị ala nke 56 °C yana ebe na-ajụ oyi nke -90 °C.  Ọ dịghị isi na enweghị agba.  N'adịghị ka hydrocarbons ndị a na-ahụkarị, ihe owuwu ahụ nwere ọkpụkpụ azụ carbon nke helical.[1]  Na onyonyo ahụike, a na-eji ya dị ka ihe dị iche. &nbsp;&nbsp;

## Mgbanwe nke oxygen
N'ihi na ọ bụ ihe na-adịghị arụ ọrụ na kemịkalụ kwụsiri ike, perfluorohexane adọtawo uche na ọgwụ. Dị ka fluorocarbons ndị ọzọ, perfluorohexane na-agbari gas, gụnyere Oxygen site na ikuku, ruo n'ókè dị elu karịa ihe ndị na-agwọ mmiri. A na-ekwu na mmetụta a sitere na ike intermolecular na-adịghị ike n'etiti mkpụrụ ndụ perfluorohexane, nke na-enye ohere "oghere" maka mkpụrụ ndụ gas ka ha kewaa n'ime mmiri. Enwere ike itinye ụmụ anụmanụ n'ime mmiri nke oxygenated perfluorohexane na-enweghị mmiri, ebe ọ bụ na ikuku oxygen zuru ezu dị na solvent iji kwe ka iku ume gaa n'ihu. Mmetụta a emeela ka a nwalee iji perfluorohexane mee ihe n'ịgwọ ndị ọkụ gbara, ebe ọ bụ na a pụrụ iji ikuku perfluoro hexane jupụta n'akpa ume ha ma ọ bụ n'ọnọdụ ndị siri ike perfluoro Hexane mmiri, na-enye ohere iku ume ka ọ gaa n'ihu n'enweghị nsogbu ndị a na-ahụkarị na ọzịza nke akpa ume nke na-eme mgbe ụfọdụ mgbe a gbara n'ime akpa ume ọkụ dịka site na iku ume ọkụ.  Nnyocha na-arụsi ọrụ ike karịsịa na isiokwu nke ikuku ikuku mmiri (PLV) na 1990s na mmalite 2000s, Otú ọ dị, perfluorohexane na perfluorocarbons ndị ọzọ egosighi ọganihu dị ịrịba ama nke nsonaazụ ndị ọrịa na nnwale ahụike.

## Ihe ndị ọzọ
Perfluorohexane nwere oke okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ (GWP) nke 9,300.  Nke a na-eduga na mkpa ịchọta GWP ọzọ dị ala.  A na-ahụta Novec 649 dị ka ezigbo ndochi n'ọtụtụ ngwa n'ihi ihe ndị yiri ya na-ekpo ọkụ na anụ ahụ yana inwe ike ikpo ọkụ zuru ụwa ọnụ nke  1.

## Hụkwa

* 1-fluorohexane
* Ọ bụ 649/1230
* Fluorinert
* Mmiri na-adọkpụ

## Edensibia