Ndị Ọrụ Ugboro Mba Nile nke America

International Woodworkers of America (**IWA**) bụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke ndị na-egbu osisi, ndị na-awa osisi, **ndị ọrụ** ụgbọ njem osisi na ndị ọzọ guzobere na 1937.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
E guzobere IWA mgbe ndị otu Sawmill na Timber Workers' Union nke United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America vootu iji wepụ òtù ndị ọrụ mpaghara ha ma guzobe òtù nke ha. IWA mechara sonye na Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO).

The IWA quickly moved into Canada, where it absorbed a number of smaller unions which had formed in the 1930s, and the Lumber Workers Industrial Union, one of the industrial unions of the Industrial Workers of the World. Harold Pritchett was elected president. A successful strike and organizing drive in 1946 established the IWA as western Canada's largest union, a position that it has generally held since then. The union entered Newfoundland in 1956, but was expelled in 1959 after the Newfoundland Loggers' Strike.

IWA bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ma zere ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị aka ekpe n'akụkọ ihe mere eme ya niile. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị otu ya biri ma rụọ ọrụ na American na Canadian West.  Ndị otu ya ruru 115,000 na mbido afọ 1970.

N'afọ ndị 1980, mwakpo, njikọta na mmegide ndị ọrụ na-eme ka ndị otu IWA gbasaa. Mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi na-eto eto gbochikwara ịbanye n'ala ọha na eze, ebe ọtụtụ osisi ochie dị. Ka ụlọ ọrụ osisi na-enweghị ike ịnweta ala ọha na eze, ụlọ ọrụ osisi tụfuru ọtụtụ puku ọrụ.

N'afọ 1987, alaka Canada nke IWA kewapụrụ onwe ya na njikọ, na-ejigide akara IWA mana na aha ọhụrụ Industrial, Wood and Allied Workers of Canada (IWA Canada).

Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1994, ndị fọdụrụ na IWA nke dị na United States nwere ihe karịrị ndị otu 20,000. Ndị isi IWA chere na njikọ ahụ agaghịzi arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya, IWA jikọtara ya na International Association of Machinists (IAM) na Mee 1, 1994.  Taa, IWA bụ Ngalaba Ọrụ Osisi nke IAM.  IWA Canada nọgidere bụrụ otu ndị Canada nwere onwe ha ruo 2004, mgbe ya na United Steelworkers jikọtara.

## Ndị isi ala

: 1937: Harold Pritchett
: 1940: O. M. Orton
: 1941: Worth Lowery
: 1943: Claude Ballard
: 1944: J. E. Fadling
: 1951: Al Hartung
: 1967: Ronald F. Roley
: Afọ 1970: Keith W. Johnson
: Afọ ndị 1980: Bill Hubbell

## Hụkwa
 

* *IWA v. Consolidated-Bathurst Packaging Ltd.*

## Ihe odide

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Alaeze Ukwu na Wood: Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Union of the Carpenters. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1956.
* Deibler, Frederick Shipp *Òtù Ndị Ọrụ Osisi Mba Nile nke America*. Madison, Wisc.: Mahadum nke Wisconsin, 1912.
* Lembcke, Jerry na Tattam, William M. One Union in Wood: A Political History of the International Woodworkers of America. Madeira Park, British Columbia: Harbour Publishing, 1983.  

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ngalaba Ọrụ Osisi nke IAM
* Ndị Ọrụ Na-arụ Ọrụ Ngwá Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ọrụ Ngwá ọrụ Canada
* Onye ọrụ osisi (1936-1942) na onye ọrụ osisi nke mba ụwa (1942-1987), site na Labor Press Project

## Ebe ndebe ihe ochie

* International Woodworkers of America Records, 1936-1987. 10 cubic feet. Na Labor Archives nke Washington State, Mahadum nke Washington Ọbá Akwụkwọ Special Collections.
* International Woodworkers of America, Local 3-101 Records (Everett, Wash.), 1935-1987. 23 cubic feet. Na Labor Archives nke Washington State, Mahadum nke Washington Ọbá Akwụkwọ Special Collections.
* Ihe ndekọ nke International Woodworkers of America Association bụ nke Simon Fraser University's Special Collections and Rare Books