AZUSA

**AZUSA** na-ezo aka na usoro nyocha Radar nke dị n'ala nke arụnyere na Cape Canaveral, Florida na NASA Kennedy Space Center. A na-akpọ AZUSA aha obodo Azusa nke dị n'ebe ndịda California, California ebe e chepụtara usoro ahụ na mbido afọ 1950.

Radio interferometry na-ewepụta akụkụ nlekota ziri ezi mgbe ihe a na-achọ na-ewepụ mgbaàmà redio. Nkọwa ziri ezi nke interferometry dugara na mmepe nke usoro nsuso Azusa dị ka akụkụ nke Army Air Corps NUL-774 Project, onye bu ụzọ na mmemme Atlas ICBM, na Vultee Field Division nke Consolidated Vultee Aircraft Corporation (Convair) na Downey, California. Abụọ n'ime ikike ikike (2,972,047 na 3,025,520) n'ọhịa nke nsuso interferometer bụ James W. Crooks Jr., Robert C. Weaver, na Robert V. Werner, ndị otu Azusa niile. Ka ọ na-erule oge opupu ihe ubi nke afọ 1948, ndị otu Azusa arụpụtala interferometer na-arụ ọrụ na 148.58 MHz.  &nbsp; &#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

N'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ịtụnanya, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) na-arụ ọrụ na interferometers ụda n'okpuru mmiri n'oge Convair na-emepụta Azusa. Ebe ọ bụ na ìgwè abụọ ahụ nọ na mmekọrịta chiri anya, enwere nnukwu mgbanwe nke echiche.* E wuchara okirikiri ahụ na mbido afọ 1950 mgbe ndị agha mmiri were ọrụ Azusa interferometer maka Ọrụ Viking Project ya na White Sands, New Mexico. Ndị agha mmiri chọrọ ịchọpụta ohere nke ịgbanwe Viking ma ọ bụ ihe ụfọdụ sitere na ya ka ọ bụrụ mgbọ ogbunigwe a na-eduzi ma ọ chọrọ usoro nduzi ziri ezi. N'ime akụkọ mbụ sitere na mmemme a, J. Carl Seddon nke NRL kọwara otú Viking ga-esi chọpụta ọnọdụ ya: "Mgbọ ogbunigwe ahụ ga-achọpụta ọnọdụ ya na ụzọ nduzi hyperbolic site na ntụnyere nke modulation waveforms sitere na mgbaàmà natara site na ọdụ abụọ. " Na atụmatụ a, mgbọ ogbunụlọ ga-eduzi onwe ya site na iji ngwá electronic na mgbaàmà ụgbọ mmiri natara site n'ala. Nke a yiri ka ọ dị anya site na Minitrack na nsuso satellite, mana ntụnyere oge, isi nke Minitrack, dị ebe ahụ.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

Within a year, NRL reports from the Viking program were diagramming ground-based tracking interferometers, which relieved the Viking of the burden of signal-processing equipment by computing the missile's position from the ground. Two precursors of Minitrack were evident in the interferometer arrangement. First, only a tiny radio beacon needed to be carried on the Viking itself, an important feature of the Vanguard "Minitrack," in which the prefix 'Mini" applied to the minimum-weight satellite transmitter. The second precursor was the "Lff arrangement of the interferometer antennas which persisted in some early designs of Minitrack, although the final deployed version extended the bars of the "L" to make a cross.&#x5B;*nbsp;needed*&#x5D;

## USAF Atlantic Missile Range, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Maka ụfọdụ satellites sayensị "na-aga n'ihu" ezuola, mana ụgbọ ala na-ebu ndị mmadụ ma ọ bụ ibu ndị a ga-etinye n'ọnọdụ ziri ezi, dị ka satellites geosynchronous, chọrọ ọnọdụ trajectory ka mma na usoro nyocha ọsọ.   &#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

Na mmalite 1960s, isi ihe maka inweta data a na Canaveral bụ Convair's Azusa Mark I, c-w cross baseline interferometer na-arụ ọrụ na band C, na-achọ transponder na ngwa agha.  Emebere data arụpụtara digitized maka ojiji na kọmpụta IBM 709 wee tụọ usoro nwere oke, oke ọnụ ma ọ bụ nke dị mma, yana cosines ntụzịaka abụọ.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

Azusa II, nke e bu n'obi iji dochie Azusa I, etinyere na 1961. Ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu ihe ahụ na Mark I ma e wezụga na a nụchara nhazi circuit ya ma gbakwunye ọnụego cosine nke na-enye ozi cosine ka mma.  abụọ ahụ nwere otu njedebe: ha agaghị agbaso akara ngosi cross-polarized; antenna mgbọ ogbunigwe nulls miri emi karịa 10 dB na-akpata data mkpọtụ, mgbagwoju anya na, n'ọnọdụ siri ike, ọnwụ nke data.&nbsp;

## Ojiji na Apollo Program
 na-eji radar na-esote AZUSA nyochaa usoro mbido nke Saturn S-II site na telemetry na frequency transponder nke 5,060 MHz (onye nata) na 5,000 MHz (onye na-ezipụ) na 2.5 W nke ike.&nbsp;&nbsp;

## Robert Weaver
Robert Christian Weaver Sr., onye na-emepụta radar AZUSA, bụ onye Fresno, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum California Berkeley n'afọ 1938 site na nzere bachelọ na injinịa eletriki.  Ọ sonyeere Army Air Corps na 1940, na-ebili na isi n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ.  Ọ bụ ya na-ahụ maka akụrụngwa redio na radar na ụlọ ihe nkiri China-Burma-India.  Mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ gasịrị Weaver malitere ọrụ ndị nkịtị ya na ihe bụ Consolidated Vultee Aircraft na 1946. "Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, o nwere nhọrọ nke ọrụ injinia; otu na Los Angeles, nke ọzọ na San Diego na Consolidated," nwa ya nwoke kwuru.  Ya na Convair, ọrụ Weaver kpọgara ya Cape Canaveral na ọtụtụ saịtị ule ndị ọzọ.  Ọpụrụiche ya ghọrọ imepụta radar, ntụzịaka na usoro nsochi maka ngwa agha eduzi na ụgbọ ala oghere.  nwere ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ikuku na-emetụta ọdịnihu nke ngwa agha eduzi na ụgbọ ala ndị ọzọ.  Na mmalite afọ 1950s, Weaver na onye ọrụ ibe mepụtara AZUSA na-aga n'ihu usoro nsuso ebili mmiri, nke emejuputa atumatu na Air Force Missile Test Center, Cape Canaveral.  Emebere usoro a iji tụọ ọnọdụ nke akụ ụta, ma bụrụkwa ihe enyemaka n'ịsụ ụzọ nyocha ngwa agha agha na Project Mercury nke mmadụ nwere mmemme oghere. Teknụzụ Weaver na onye ọrụ ibe ya, Jim Crooks, chepụtara toro eto n’oge Agha Nzuzo.  A na-etinye ya na Project Navy Polaris na Air Force's Thor, Atlas ogbunigwe na Titan Projects.  NASA jikwa ya mee ihe na Saturn IV (Apollo) mmemme.  Otu n'ime uru nke usoro Azusa karịa ndị bu ya ụzọ bụ na ọ chọrọ saịtị radar ole na ole na ndị ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ.  Nkwusi ike na ngwa agha ballistic na mbọ iji kwalite izi ezi ha kpalitere mmepe nke sistemu Azusa na Mistram teknụzụ asọmpi nke GE mepụtara na mbido 1960s.  &#x5B;**&#x5D;

N'ịhọrọ ọrụ San Diego, Weaver mere ụlọ ya na La Jolla. Ọ maara mpaghara ahụ site na nleta 1933 na La Jolla Shores, ebe ya na ndị enyi ya mara ụlọikwuu n'ọhịa ehi, site na nwa ya nwoke. Kọmputa, ngwaọrụ eletrọniki na foto na-ewe ọtụtụ oge ezumike ya.  na-enwekwa mmasị n'ụgbọala egwuregwu, yana "ìhè akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nke ọdịda anyanwụ La Jolla na ịma mma na-adọrọ mmasị nke Ndagwurugwu Yosemite," ka nwa ya nwoke kwuru.Weaver, onye ọrụ injinia ya na Convair Division of General Dynamics were afọ 35, nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 87 na Septemba 2003 na White Sands nke La Jolla. Ọ nwụrụ n'ihi ihe ndị sitere n'okike, dịka nwa ya nwoke, Robert Weaver Jr.

## Edensibia

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* Corliss, W. R. 'Evolution of Satellite Tracking and Data Acquisition Network STADAN from pre-IGY AND Minitrack facilities'. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Nọmba akụkọ: GHN-3, NASA-TM-X-55658, X-202-67-26, 1967.
* General Dynamics/Astronautics; *AZUSA *. *Usoro Nnyocha nke Eziokwu, nke Na-arụ Ọrụ, nke Na'onwe ya.* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* IBM, Astrionics System Handbook, dezigharịrị ed., NASA MSFC No. IV-4-401-1, NTIS Doc. N70-70002, 1 Nọvemba 1968, 418 pp. (International Business Machines Corporation na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru NASA Contract NAS8-14000).
* Robert V. Werner, Robert C. Weaver, na James W. Crooks Jr. Transmitter-Receiver. Nọmba ikike: 2972047, Ụbọchị ntinye akwụkwọ: November 21, 1955, Ụbọchị mbipụta: February 1961.
* Robert V. Werner, Robert C. Weaver, na James W. Crooks Jr. Ntinye ọnọdụ Determining Device. Nọmba ikike: 3025520. Ụbọchị itinye akwụkwọ: November 21, 1955. E wepụtara ya na March 1962.