Margaret Busby

thumb|Margaret Busby
**Margaret Yvonne Busby**, CBE, Hon. FRSL (amụrụ 1944), makwaara dị ka **Nana Akua Ackon**, bụ onye Ghana mụrụ onye mbipụta, onye nchịkọta akụkọ, onye ode akwụkwọ na onye mgbasa ozi, bi na UK . Ọ bụ onye mbipụta akwụkwọ nta nke Britain mgbe ahụ yana onye mbipụta akwụkwọ nwanyị ojii mbụ na UK   mgbe ya na Clive Allison (1944–2011) mebere  ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ dabere na London Allison na Busby (A & B) na 1960s.  O deziri akụkọ anthology *Daughters of Africa* (1992), na nsochi 2019 ya *New Daughters of Africa* .  Ọ bụ onye nnata ihe nrite Benson sitere na Royal Society of Literature .  N'afọ 2020, a họpụtara ya otu n'ime " 100 Great Black Blackons ".  N'afọ 2021, enwetara ya site na nturu ugo ihe nrite nke London Book Fair Lifetime Achievement Award.  Na 2023, a kpọrọ Busby ka ọ bụrụ onye isi ala Bekee PEN .

## Education na mmalite afọ
A mụrụ Margaret Yvonne Busby na 1944,    na Accra, Gold Coast (Ghana ugbu a). Nne na nna ya bụ Dr George Busby na Oriakụ Sarah Busby ( *née* Christian), bụ ndị ha abụọ nwere njikọ ezinụlọ na Caribbean, karịsịa na Trinidad, Barbados na Dominica . Nna ya mụrụ Barbados, Dr Busby (1899-1980)   bụ enyi ndụ Kwame Nkrumah 's mentor George Padmore  wee gaa akwụkwọ na Trinidad na CLR James na Queen's Royal College, na-emeri Nkuzi Island. Nke a, n'aka nke ya, nyeere ya aka ịga Britain ịga mụọ ọgwụ, na 1919.  Mgbe ọmụmụ ihe mbụ na Mahadum Edinburgh gasịrị, George Busby kwagara University College, Dublin, ka ọ mezue akara ahụike ya, wee mee ya dị ka dọkịta na Walthamstow, London (ebe e nwere ihe ngosi na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na nsọpụrụ ya),  tupu ịkwaga ebe obibi na Gold Coast na 1929.   Site n'ahịrị nne ya, ọ bụ nwa nwanne onye nta akụkọ BBC Moira Stuart .    Nna nna ya bụ Dominica mụrụ George James Christian (1869-1940),  onye nnọchiteanya na mbụ Pan-African Conference, na London, na 1900,   onye kwagara na Gold Coast na 1902.  

Busby bụkwa onye na-agụ abụ,   kwetara na onye na-agụ egwú Norma Winstone .  

Na 2014, mgbe ọnwụ Maya Angelou, Busby dere otu ụtụ isi aha ya bụ *Maya Angelou: Ememe*,  nke mere na 5 October na Royal Festival Hall n'oge Southbank Center 's London Literature Festival; Paulette Randall na-eduzi, na onyeisi oche Jon Snow na Moira Stuart, ememe ahụ gosipụtara onyinye sitere n'aka ndị na-ese ihe gụnyere Adjoa Andoh, Angel Coulby, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Nicola Hughes, Ella Odedina, NITROvox, Roderick Williams na Ayanna Witter-Johnson .    

Na June 2021, Busby pụtara na BBC Radio 4 's *Desert Island discs*, ya na nhọrọ egwu ya gụnyere " 7 Sekọnd " nke Youssou N'Dour na Neneh Cherry, David Rudder 's " Haiti I Am Sorry ", na "My Baby Just Cares For Me" nke Nina Simone dere.  

## Mmalite edemede
Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na-aga n'ihu maka iche iche n'ime ụlọ ọrụ na-ebipụta akwụkwọ, na-ede na 1984 isiokwu na *New Statesman* : "O zuru ezu ịzaghachi a na-achọ akwụkwọ na-egosipụta ọnụnọ nke 'agbụrụ nta' mgbe na-eme ka a usoro nke na-adịghị arụsi ọrụ ike na-akwado ha itinye aka na ọkwa niile? Nke bụ eziokwu bụ na ọdịdị na mgbasa nke akwụkwọ ndị e chere na e mepụtara na obodo ndị a n'uche) na-adaberekarị na ndị na-acha ọcha na-acha ọcha na obodo ndị a n'uche, ihe ndị na-acha ọcha na-adabere na ihe ndị na-acha ọcha. ụlọ ahịa akwụkwọ na ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ, ga-ekwe."  N'ime 1980s, ọ bụ onye guzobere otu nzukọ Greater Access to Publishing (GAP),    nke na-etinye aka na mkpọsa maka mmụba ndị isi ojii na mbipụta Britain.   Ndị ọzọ so n'òtù agbụrụ dị iche iche, nke nwere ogbako na November 1987 karịsịa iji gosipụta mbipụta dịka nhọrọ maka ụmụ nwanyị ojii,  gụnyere Lennie Goodings, Maggie Scott, Ros de Lanerolle, Yvonne Collymore, Paula Kahn, Toks Williams, Kothai Christie, na Jacqui Roach. 

Busby bụ onye na-elekọta ndị na-ebipụta Black Independent (IBP), otu azụmaahịa nke Verna Wilkins na-elekọta.    Ebumnobi nke IBP, dị ka Busby e hotara na-ekwu, bụ "inye a forum maka ndị na-eji ojii na-aga n'ihu na-ebipụta atumatu iji kesaa atumatu, na-ebuli ike n'otu n'otu na ịchọpụta ihe isi ike na-emekarị, n'ihi na-enwe mmetụta dị irè karị na akwụkwọ ahia na wider na-ebipụta ụlọ ọrụ", na 2007 na London Book Fair a nkwonkwo IBP guzoro gosiri akwụkwọ nke Bogle Pressure Booku, Xamarin Press. Ayebia Clarke Publishing, Joan Anim-Addo 's Mango Publishing,  na ọrụ ndị ọzọ.  N'ajụjụ ọnụ 2012 na Tricia Wombell, Busby kwuru, sị: "Ọ dị mkpa ịdekọ ma mee ememe ọtụtụ n'ime ihe okike ojii anyị (...) ka e wee ghara dee ha n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nanị n'ihi na mkpa ha nwere ike ọ gaghị amata site na isi mmalite." 

N'August 2010, na Mahadum Western Cape, o nyere nkuzi maka ncheta onye ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa gburu Dulcie Septemba (1935–1988).   

Busby abụrụla onye na-ekere òkè n'ọtụtụ ememe akwụkwọ na mgbakọ mba ụwa - na 1993, o nyere okwu mmeghe na International Book Fair of Radical Black and Third World Books   - na a gbara ajụjụ ọnụ wee bụrụ "na mkparịta ụka " ya na ndị edemede a ma ama dị ka Toni Morrison,  Maya Angelou ,   ,  Nawal El Saadawi,   Ngugi wa Thiong'o .  na Ben Okri . 

A họpụtara Busby onye isi oche ndị ikpe 2020 Booker Prize, ndị ọzọ so na panel gụnyere Lee Child, Sameer Rahim, Lemn Sissay, na Emily Wilson .    Busby ekpeela ikpe ọtụtụ asọmpi edemede ndị ọzọ, n'etiti ha bụ Caine Prize for African Writing,  ihe nrite Orange, Independent Foreign Fiction Prize,  Wasafiri New Writing Prize,  OCM Bocas Prize for Caribbean Literature,  Onye Nrite Akwụkwọ Ọchịchị Commonwealth (nke ọ bụ onye ọka ikpe 20 mgbe ọ bụ onye isi oche nke 20 . Karunatilaka ),  Hay Festival initiative Africa39,   na Wole Soyinka Prize for Literature in Africa (oche ndị ikpe, 2018).   Na 2021, ọ jere ozi dị ka onye ọka ikpe na ngalaba Azụmahịa nke Akwụkwọ nrite nke British Book Awards,  na na 2022 kpere ihe nrite PEN Pinter n'akụkụ Ruth Borthwick na Daniel Hahn . 

Ọ na-eje ozi na bọọdụ ma ọ bụ n'ọkwá ndụmọdụ maka ụlọ ọrụ omenala ndị ọzọ, gụnyere Drum Arts Center (mebere na 1973 site n'aka Cy Grant ),  The Africa Center, London, English PEN, Royal Literary Fund, African & Caribbean Music Circuit, Hackney Empire Theatre, Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ụmụ nwanyị Na-ahụ Maka Ndị Na-ede Akwụkwọ N'Africa (Ethed Prize  patron, alongside Ama Ata Aidoo, Dele Olojede, Ellah Allfrey, Kole Omotoso na Zakes Mda ),   Nubian Jak Community Trust, na akwụkwọ akụkọ *Wasafiri* .  Ugbu a ọ bụ onye nlekọta ụlọ ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ jazz Tomorrow's Warriors,   na onye nnọchi anya ihe nrite nke SI Leeds Literary Prize .  Ọ bụ onye na-elekọta ndị enyi nke Huntley Archives na London Metropolitan Archives (FHALMA), ntọala ọrụ ebere na-ewu na ihe nketa nke Jessica Huntley na Eric Huntley, ndị rụpụtara ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ Bogle-L'Ouverture Publications . 

N'August 2022, Busby buru isi okwu Berlin African Book Festival (nke Lidudumalingani Mqombothi ji isiokwu ya bụ "Ụnyaahụ. Taa. Echi"),  na-ebuga isi okwu.   

Na Maachị 2024, o nyere okwu isi okwu na mmeghe nke Johannesburg Festival of Women Writers, nke Barbara Masekela hiwere, ma kwadoro ya site na Johannesburg Institute for Advanced Study na Mahadum Johannesburg,   nke dị na isiokwu "Nne na Ụmụ nwanyị: Mkparịta ụka Intergenerational".   N'ime otu ọnwa ahụ, o sonyekwara na oge nke iri abụọ na asaa nke mmemme ode akwụkwọ na Durban, South Africa. 

## Mmetụta na nnabata
Na 2018, n'ememe ncheta 100th nke ikike ụmụ nwanyị nwere ikike ịme ntuli aka, akwụkwọ akụkọ *Voice* depụtara Margaret Busby - n'akụkụ Kathleen Wrasama, Olive Morris, Connie Mark, Fanny Eaton, Diane Abbott, Lilian Bader, na Mary Seacole - n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị ojii asatọ nyere aka na mmepe nke Britain.  Magazin *Bustle* gụnyere Busby na Mary Prince, Claudia Jones, Evelyn Dove, Olive Morris, Olivette Otele, na Shirley Thompson na ndepụta nke "7 Black British Women Over History That Kwesịrị Ịbụ Aha Ezinụlọ na 2019".  Akpọrọ Busby site na *mgbede Standard* na ndepụta nke 14 "Ndị inyom Britain na-akpali akpali n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nile" (n'akụkụ Mary Seacole, Claudia Jones, Adelaide Hall, Olive Morris, Joan Armatrading, Tessa Sanderson, Doreen Lawrence, Maggie Aderin-Pocock, Sharon White, Malorie Smith, Zadie Blackmant, Didie Blackmant, Didie Smith ). 

Ọzọkwa na 2018, ọ so na 150 "Ụmụ nwanyị na-edu ndú" nke Mahadum London na-eme ememe iji mee akara  kemgbe ụmụ nwanyị nwetara ohere agụmakwụkwọ dị elu na UK na 1868,  wee pụta na ngosi ngosi *ikike maka ụmụ nwanyị: Ndị ọsụ ụzọ London na Okwu nke aka ha* rụrụ na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Senate site na 16 July ruo 15.

N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2019, e nyere ya ihe nrite mbụ nke Africa Writes Lifetime Achievement Award, nke enyere ya na British Library n'oge izu ụka akwụkwọ akụkọ Royal African Society kwa afọ nke Ade Solanke na Diane Abbott dere dịka akụkụ nke mmemme isi okwu mmemme na-eme mmemme akụkọ Busby's *New Daughters of Africa* .    

A na-akpọkarị Busby dị ka onye ọsụ ụzọ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị na-ebipụta Black Black na UK,    ma nakweere ya dị ka "onye na-ahụ maka ụzọ" site n'aka ndị na-agbaso nzọụkwụ ya na-arụ ọrụ iji mee ka ụlọ ọrụ akwụkwọ na mmepụta ya dị iche iche, n'etiti ha Bibi Bakare-Yusuf (onye mgbe ọ na-ekwu maka ntọala Cassava Republic Press, nke sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke onye na-ebipụta Cassava Republic Press kwuru, sị: Allison &amp;amp; Busby, bụ onye ndu anyị"),  Ellah Wakatama Allfrey,  Valerie Brandes nke Akwụkwọ Jacaranda,  Sharmaine Lovegrove nke Akwụkwọ Mkparịta ụka,  na Aki Schilz nke Akwụkwọ Ndụmọdụ . 

Na UK Black History Month 2019, Zadie Smith kwuru na Busby "bụ onye na-enwe obi ụtọ, onye na-akpali akpali, onye nhazi, onye na-agbachitere na onye na-eme ememe oji maka afọ 50 gara aga, na-eti mkpu banyere anyị site n'elu ụlọ, ọbụna n'azụ mgbe mmadụ ole na ole lekọtara ige ntị. 'Anyị nwere ike n'ihi na o mere' bụ onye na-atụgharị uche ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ na ọ na-eme ka Margaret ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ eziokwu na UK. mkpuchi mbipụta na nka na ọtụtụ ndị omenkà Black Britain ji ya ụgwọ.  Afua Hirsch kọwara mmetụta Busby nwere na ọrụ ya site n'ikwu na "dị ka nwanyị ojii na-agbalị ịchọta olu nke m, [Margaret] nwere mmasị na-enweghị njedebe, na-akwado ma na-anụ ọkụ n'obi banyere inyere ọgbọ dị ka m aka ịchọta ebe anyị na ikike anyị nwere ime mgbanwe site na ide ihe." 

Akpọrọ Busby aha na 2020 ndepụta nke 100 Great Black Blackons, ndị ọha na-akwado ya yana ihe ruru afọ 400.  

Na Mee 2021 ekwuputara ya dị ka onye nnata nke London Book Fair Lifetime Achievement Award 2021,  nke Bernardine Evaristo nyere ya na Septemba na The Hurlingham Club .   

A họpụtara Busby onye ọchịagha nke Order of the British Empire (CBE) na 2021 Birthday Honors maka ọrụ na-ebipụta.  E hotara ya na *Hackney Gazette* ka ọ na-ekwu, sị: "Ọfọn, amaara m na esighị m n'eluigwe daa; mgbe ọ bụla a na-enye m ihe nrite dị otú ahụ, m na-anabata ya bụkwa n'aha na ịnakwere onye ọ bụla mere m ihe m bụ, na ndị mụ na ha rụkọrọ ọrụ n'ụzọ - ya mere ana m eji obi ụtọ na-ekerịta nkwanye ùgwù a na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ kwesịrị ka a sọpụrụ m maka ịrụ ọrụ na-enweghị atụ." 

Enyerela ya ọtụtụ nzere nkwanye ugwu gụnyere site na Mahadum Open,  SOAS,  na site na Royal Holloway, ebe nzuko ahụ mere na June 2021 site na nkwupụta nke Prọfesọ Lavinia Greenlaw nyere.  Na June 2022, Busby nwetakwara nzere doctorate site na Mahadum Exeter . 

N'April 2023, a họpụtara Busby onye isi ala Bekee PEN, na-anọchi Philippe Sands na ọrụ ahụ.   

## Nkwanye ugwu na ihe nrite

* 1970: Society of Young Publishers Award.
* 1977: Featured in Mayotte Magnus exhibition *Women*, photographs of eminent British women, at London's National Portrait Gallery, reprised in 2018 as *Illuminating Women*.
* 1993: Pandora Award from Women in Publishing.
* 1998: Honorary Member of Alpha Kappa Alpha (AKA) International Region.
* 1999: Race in the Media Award for radio play *Minty Alley*.
* 1999: Enstooled as Nana Akua Ackon, of Bentsir No. 1 Asafo company, Oguaa (Cape Coast) – the first of seven traditional warrior groups established to protect the area.
* 2004: Open University Honorary Doctorate for Services to the Arts and Sciences.
* 2004: Featured in "A Great Day in London" photograph at the British Library among 50 Black and Asian writers who have made major contributions to British literature.
* 2006: Officer of the Order of the British Empire, for services to Literature and to Publishing.
* 2011: Honorary Fellowship, Queen Mary, University of London.
* 2015: Henry Swanzy Award for Distinguished Service to Caribbean Letters, NGC Bocas Lit Fest, Trinidad.
* 2015: UK African Heritage High Achievers Recognition Award from the House of Amau.
* 2015: Honorary Membership of PAWA (Pan African Writers Association) Award, Ghana.
* 2017: Elected Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature.
* 2017: Awarded the Benson Medal by the Royal Society of Literature for lifelong achievement.
* 2017: Goldsmiths University of London event "Daughter of Africa: Celebrating Margaret Busby's 50 Years in Publishing and Beyond".
* 2018: Selected as one of University of London's 150 "Leading Women" to celebrate 150 years of women's higher education in the UK.
* 2019: Inaugural Africa Writes Lifetime Achievement Award from the Royal African Society.
* 2019: Honorary doctorate from SOAS, University of London.
* 2020: Honorary degree from Royal Holloway, University of London.
* 2020: Voted one of "100 Great Black Britons".
* 2021: London Book Fair Lifetime Achievement Award.
* 2021: Commander of the Order of the British Empire, for services to publishing.
* 2022: Honorary degree (DLitt) from the University of Exeter.
* 2023: Honorary Doctor of Letters from Oxford Brookes University
* 2023: GUBA Awards – "Woman of Spirit Award"

## Hụkwa

* Jessica Huntley
* John La Rose

## Ntụaka

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* Carole Boyce Davies (2005), "Ụmụ nwanyị na Akwụkwọ na Africa Diaspora", na Ember, M., CR Ember, na I. Skoggard (eds), *Encyclopedia of Diasporas* . Springer, Boston, MA, p. 383–392. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-29904-4_38 .
* Constantia Nicolaides, "Trailblazing From Time: Ndị mbipụta" . Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke mba.
* Shola von Reinhold, "Gịnị mere ndị na-ede akụkọ ifo ojii avant-garde nke Britain?", Olu, *The Independent*, 12 Mee 2019.

### Ajụjụ ọnụ na profaịlụ

* Aida Edemariam, "Margaret Busby: ka onye mbipụta nwanyị ojii mbụ nke Britain si gbanwee akwụkwọ - na ike agwụghị ya", *The Guardian*, 22 Ọktoba 2020.
* Sarah Ladipo Manyika, "Na Nzukọ Margaret Busby", *Granta*, 19 Ọktoba 2020.
* "Ọnwa akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụmụ nwanyị: Anyị na-eme ememe Margaret Busby OBE" Archived  , *Olu*, 31 Maachị 2017.
* Shereen Ali, "Ịkekọrịta olu anyị", *Trinidad and Tobago Guardian*, 29 Eprel 2015.
* John Stevenson, "Margaret Busby: Doyenne of Black British Publishing", *Black History Month 365*, 28 Septemba 2016.
* Ellen Mitchell na Sophie Kulik, "Ajụjụ&A: Margaret Busby na 'New Daughters of Africa ' , *Africa In Words*, 29 June 2019.
* Claire Shepherd, "Margaret Busby OBE - 'Africa na-ede - Mmezu ndụ oge niile ' , *Culturepulse Magazine* ( mbipụta Septemba 31), 31 Ọgọst 2019, p.&nbsp;9–14.
* "Ajụjụ Margaret Busby | Nwa nwanyị ' , *Nyocha Alt*, Eprel 2019.
* Satch Hoyt, "Margaret Busby: Ihe ọ ga-ewe iji bụrụ onye mbipụta akwụkwọ nwanyị ojii mbụ na UK - Nkebi 1", "Nkebi nke 2", "Nkebi nke 3", *Afro-Sonic Mapping*, 9 Julaị 1919.
* "Na mkparịta ụka ya na Margaret Busby", *Literandra*, 22 Maachị 2020.
* "Onye Omenkà n'Oge: Margaret Busby", Baring Foundation, 17 Nọvemba 2020.
* "Ememme Margaret Busby", *Okwu akwụkwọ*, 24 Disemba 2020.
* "Margaret Busby: 'N'ụlọ akwụkwọ m nwere ike ịgụ na Farsi..." . Margaret Busby na mkparịta ụka ya na Burt Caesar, Ndị ode akwụkwọ Mosaic.

## Njikọ mpụga

* "Ndị akwụkwọ ozi | 2019", Museum of Color, "Margaret Busby" (Foto nke Sharron Wallace).
* Akwụkwọ Margaret Busby, 1978–1989, metụtara mbipụta ya nke akwụkwọ CLR James na-eme na ọba akwụkwọ mahadum Columbia .
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