Herbert Temple, Jr.

**Herbert Temple Jr.** (Julaị 6, 1919 – Eprel 13, 2011  ) bụ onye ntụzịaka nka na ihe atụ America. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka Johnson Publishing Company na Chicago afọ 54, nke mbụ dị ka onye na-ese ihe goro na 1953, wee bụrụ onye isi ihe na-amalite na 1967. 

Mbipụta ndị ọ na-eduzi gụnyere *Ebony, Jet, Tan,* *Negro Digest, Ebony Jr,* na *Black World*, yana akwụkwọ sitere na Johnson Publishing.

## Ndụ mbido
A mụrụ Temple na Gary, Indiana, ma zụlitere ya na Evanston, Illinois, ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Evanston Township High School . Ọ jere ozi na US Army n'oge Agha IIwa nke Abụọ, wee gaa Schoollọ Akwụkwọ nke Art Institute of Chicago na akwụkwọ mmụta sitere na GI Bill. O biri ọtụtụ ndụ okenye ya na South Side nke Chicago, tupu ọ kwaga South Holland, Michigan na afọ ikpeazụ ya nke ndụ.  Ọ bụ di nke onye na-ede uri na onye edemede Athelstan Wiggins Temple (1935-1995), onye ọ zutere mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Johnson Publishing Co.  Ha nwere otu nwa, Janel Temple. 

Na Chicago, Temple jikọtara ya na ihe nkiri nka nka ojii na South Side Community Art Center (SSCAC). O jikọtara ya na ọnụ ọgụgụ South Side dị ka LeRoy Winbush (onye nyeere ya aka inweta ọrụ ya na Johnson Publishing Company) na William McBride .  Tupu ịrụ ọrụ maka mbipụta Johnson, Temple rụrụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ na-emepụta Chicago gụnyere Container Corporation of America . 

## Ọrụ

### Ụlọ ọrụ na-ebipụta Johnson
Magazin *Ebony*, nke e mere ka ọ bụrụ akwụkwọ akụkọ Life na mbụ, bịara na-anọchite anya ihe ịga nke ọma ndị ojii na America, ndị ama ama na ndị isi azụmaahịa gosipụtara nke ọma na mkpuchi na akụkọ.  Kere keere òkè na onyonyo a, Temple nọkwa n'azụ ihe ngosi nke ọtụtụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke mmepụta site na imepụta mkpuchi, na-eduzi ome ihe atụ, na imepụta akwụkwọ ndị gbasaara iru ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Temple emebere, ya na Norman Hunter, akara ụlọ ọrụ na ngwa akwụkwọ, ma bụrụkwa onye e nyere ya n'ichepụta akụkụ niile nke akwụkwọ akụkọ, site na okirikiri nhọrọ ukwuu, ruo nhọpụta onyonyo, na ihe atụ mgbe ụfọdụ ma ọ bụ foto. 

Ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ ndị isi ojii nwere ọgụgụ isi katọrọ ndị ahịa Johnson Publishing na ọdịnaya ndị ama ama, akwụkwọ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ sokwa na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ikike obodo.  Ụlọ nsọ haziri ọtụtụ nhazi nke na-ekpuchi akụkọ banyere mkpesa na ndị isi obodo, ma mepụta akwụkwọ JPC nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Civil Rights dị ka akwụkwọ abụọ nke Doris E. Saunders . Oge a na-adịghị ahụkebe mgbe a na-ekwupụta ihe osise Temple na *Ebony* bụ mkpuchi nke mbipụta pụrụ iche nke Ọgọst 1969 na "The Black Revolution," nke gosipụtara eserese nke Temple of a Black man's siri oké njọ, ihu iwe bịanyere aka na nso nso. A na-ebipụtakwa eserese ahụ n'enweghị mgbanwe n'ime magazin ahụ ka ndị editọ kwenyere na ndị na-agụ nwere ike ịwepụ ya na magazin maka ịmepụta.  Temple na-arụkwa ọrụ na mbipụta *Negro Digest*, ma nyere aka na ntụziaka nkà mgbe e degharịrị magazin ahụ dị ka *Black World* n'okpuru nchịkọta akụkọ Hoyt W. Fuller . Magazin ahụ nwere ndị omenkà ojii, ndị isi, na ndị na-ede uri, wee nakwere ihe ịchọ mma Pan-African nke dị nnọọ iche na ọdịdị *Ebony* na *Jet.* 

Temple sonyekwara na ọrụ mbipụta akwụkwọ Johnson nke ezubere iche maka ụmụaka. O nyere ihe atụ na akwụkwọ Dorothy W. Robinson *bụ The Legend of Africania,* nke ha nwetara ihe nrite Coretta Scott King Book Award site na American Library Association na 1975.   Temple arụọlarị ọrụ na ihe atụ ụmụaka dịka onye isi nka nke *Ebony Jr!* *,* magazin ụmụaka malitere na 1973, bụ́ nke de na-ese ihe mkpuchi atọ nke mbụ. 

### Ọrụ ndị ọzọ
Temple nwere azụmahịa nke ya, ụlọ ọrụ kaadị akpọrọ JanTemp Greetings.  Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ji isiokwu Afro-Centric bipụta kaadị na ihe atụ, gụnyere "Akwụkwọ Ntụrụndụ Ihe Ntụrụndụ Amụma nke America," nke Athelstan Temple gosipụtara. 

Ọ bụkwa onye nchoputa nke Brief Reflections Nightclub, ụlọ ezumike na ụlọ ịgba egwu dị na South Loop nke Chicago, ya na Douglas R. Williams, onye na-ese ihe na ọkà mmụta nke Black Arts na akụkọ ihe mere eme.  

### Ọrụ ahọpụtara

#### Onye nrụpụta

* *Ụbọchị Ha gara* site na Doris E. Saunders, 1963
* *Afọ Kennedy na Negro* nke Doris E. Saunders, 1964

#### Onye na-ese ihe

* *Negro Firsts na egwuregwu* nke Andrew S. Young, 1963
* *Akwụkwọ nri Ebony: Ụbọchị nwere efere* nke Freda De Knight, 1973
* *Akụkọ banyere Africania* nke Dorothy W. Robinson, 1974

## Ntụaka


## Njikọ mpụga

* Ụlọ nsọ Herbert dị na Chicago Design Archive
* Ndị America America na-emepụta ihe na Chicago: Art, Azụmahịa, na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke agbụrụ, Chicago Department of Cultural Affairs and Special Events