Asụsụ Gtaʼ

**Asụsụ Gtaʼ** (nke a na-akpọkwa **Gataʼ**, **Gataʔ**, na **Gtaʔ**), nke a makwaara dị ka **Gta Asa**, **Didei** ma ọ bụ **Didayi** ( [16], bụ asụsụ Austroasiatic nke Ndị Didayi nke ndịda Odisha na India na-asụ. 

Ọ bụ ihe a ma ama maka ụdaume Sesquisyllabic ya  na usoro ọnụọgụ vigesimal.

## Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ
ʼ bụ nke mmadụ 3,000 na-asụ karịsịa na Mpaghara Malkangiri, Odisha yana mpaghara ndị gbara ya gburugburu na Mpaghara Koraput. Dị ka Anderson si kwuo (2008), ihe na-erughị mmadụ 4,500 na-asụ ya.

Ethnologue na-akọ ebe ndị a:

* Odisha (47 obodo nta): Kudumulgumma block na Chitrakonda block nke Koraput district na Malkangiri district, ndịda nke Bondo Hills; ụfọdụ na Khairput block
* Mpaghara East Godavari, Andhra Pradesh

## Nchịkọta na olumba
Gtaʼ bụ nke South Munda subgroup nke alaka Munda nke Ezinụlọ asụsụ Austroasiatic. N'ime South Munda, a na-ewere Gtaʼ dị ka alaka mbụ nke na-esokwa asụsụ Remo na Gutob; a maara obere ìgwè a nke South Munda dị ka Gutob-Remo-Gataq.  dị iche iche na fonology na morphologically n'ime alaka ahụ.

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
Gtaʼ nwere ụdaume 5 /a, e, i, o, u/, na mgbe ụfọdụ ụdaume nke isii /æ/. Enwere ike ịgbakwunye na nke a ọtụtụ ihe yiri ya: /ã, õ, ũ/ na mgbe ụfọdụ /ĩ/. Gtaʼ nwere ụdaume ndị a: 

## Asụsụ

### Aha
 na-eji aha na Gtaʼ eme ihe maka ikpe, nọmba na ihe onwunwe.

Aha nwekwara ụdị abụọ, otu bụ ụdị zuru oke, nke ọzọ bụ ụdị dị mkpirikpi. Ndị nke ikpeazụ a na-eme naanị mgbe a na-agwakọta aha na aha ọzọ ma ọ bụ ngwaa maka ebumnuche derivational, ya mere a na-akpọ ya "ụdị ngwakọta". Ụdị njikọta na-agụnyekarị iwepu akara ma ọ bụ ime ka aha ahụ dị mkpirikpi n'ụzọ ụfọdụ.

### Ọdịdị nke ụda
Gtaʔ bụkwa ihe a ma ama maka ojiji ọ na-eji okwu echo. E nwere ụdị anọ sara mbara nke ụdị ụda: 

* a-ụdị, na-egosi nnukwu ụdị;
* ụdị i, na-egosi obere ma ọ bụ ụdị dị nro;
* u/a-forms, na-egosi ụdị dị iche iche dị iche iche site na ụdị yiri ya;
* Ụdị gbanwere akụkụ ụfọdụ, na-egosi ụdị dị ala: ụdị a, na-egosipụta oke; na ụdị i, na-ezo aka n'ịdị nro.

Iwu phonological maka inweta otu ụdị okwu echo bụ ndị a: 

# A na-emepụta okwu mkpu site na ịgbanwe naanị ụdaume nke okwu isi.
# Okwu echo ga-adị iche na okwu isi. A na-egosipụta ụdaume nke okwu ndị isi dị ka /a/ ma ọ bụ /i/ na okwu echo. Maka okwu isi /u, e, o/ a na-ahọrọ ụdaume /a/, ebe maka okwu isi /ɛ/ a na'ahọrọ ụdaolu /i/.
# A na-egosipụta ụdaume nke okwu isi disyllabic na okwu echo dị ka ndị a:
#* A na-egosipụta ụdaume abụọ ahụ dị ka /a/ ma ọ bụ /i/; ma ọ bụ
#* Naanị otu n'ime ụdaume okwu bụ /a/ ma ọ bụ /i/ ebe nke ọzọ na-egosipụta n'agbanweghị; ma ọ bụ
#* Mkpụrụedemede mbụ (V1) na-agbanwe /u/ ebe nke abụọ (V2) na-agbanwere /a/.
# N'ihe banyere okwu trisyllabic, otu, abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ n'ime ụdaume (na nkeji okwu ndị dị n'akụkụ) na-egosipụta dị ka /a/ ma ọ bụ /i/.
# A na-enweta ụdị ụda nke okwu ndị dị mgbagwoju anya, n'agbanyeghị ọdịdị okwu ha, dị ka ndị a:
#* N'ihe banyere ngwaa ngwakọta nke nwere ngwaa abụọ, otu ma ọ bụ abụọ na-agbanwe, dabere na mmekọrịta ha na ibe ha.
#* Ụdị njikọta aha na-apụta na ngwaa na-agbanwe n'onwe ya; ndị ejikọtara na aha na-agbanwere naanị na isi.
#* N'okwu na-etinye prefix, ma prefix na stem na-agbanwe dị ka otu.

Njikọ ụdị aha ndị na-apụta na ngwaa stems nwere ike ikwughachi n'onwe ya na ngwaa stem; ndị na-eme na aha stems ma ọ bụ na-anọgide ma ọ bụ gbanwee na isi stems.

## Usoro ọnụọgụ
ọnụọgụ Gta' bụ vigesimal.

## Asụsụ ndị agbata obi
Gtaʼ echo-formation na-egosi ụfọdụ ihe yiri ya na echo-formation n'asụsụ Munda ndị agbata obi dị ka Remo na Gorum yana n'Asụsụ Desia nke Oriya nke a na-asụ na mpaghara Koraput Munda. Ihe kac pụta ìhè ha na Gtaʼ bụ na okwu mkparịta ụka n'asụsụ atọ a niile sitere na okwu ndị bụ isi site na mgbanwe na ụdaume naanị.

## Edensibia
Malkangiri, Odisha yana mpaghara ndị gbara ya gburugburu na Mpaghara Koraput. Dị ka Anderson si kwuo (2008), ihe na-erughị mbụ nke na-esokwa asụsụ Remo na Gutob; a maara obere ìgwè a nke South Munda dị ka

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* Anderson, Gregory D.S. (onye nwụrụ). Gtaʔ (Didey) Asụsụ - Munda Languages Project - Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages E debere  Wayback Machine.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Nchịkọta ọhụrụ nke South Munda: Ihe akaebe sitere na morphology ngwaa". Indian Linguistics 62.1: 21-36.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Gtaʔ." Na: Gregory D.S. Anderson (ed.), The Munda Languages. London / New York. [Routledge Language Family Series]. 682–763.
* Onye Kraịst bụ́ Bauer 1993. Nnyocha nke: Robert Parkin: Ntuziaka maka ndị na-asụ Austroasiatic na asụsụ ha.  (Oceanic Linguistics, Special Publication, no. 23.) ix, 198, [xv] pp. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1991. Na: Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, mpịakọta. 56, mbipụta 1 (February 1993), peeji nke 193-194.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Proto-Gutob-Remo-Gtaq Mmetụta Mmetụta Monosyllabic Vowels na Mmetụta Mbụ. Ọmụmụ Austroasiatic Nkebi nke Mbụ, 13, 213-227. Munda  (n.d.)  E nwetara ya na February 15, 2015
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Arguments against the Vowel Plane" na Gtaʔ Linguistic Inquiry, 18 (3), 523-529.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Alụmdi na nwunye, Omume na Ọgbọ n'etiti ndị Munda nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ India". [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] The Handbook of Austroasiatic Languages (2 mpịakọta). Leiden: Ọmarịcha
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Ọrụ na-adịbeghị anya na Munda Linguistics I". *International Journal of American Linguistics*, 31 (4), 332-341.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "A Note on Gtaʔ Echo Forms", na P. Jenner, L. Thompson, na S. Starosta, eds., Austroasiatic Studies, University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu.

## Njikọ mpụga

* Online Gtaʔ Dictionary (Chatterji)
* Online Gtaʔ Dictionary (Mahapatra)
* Munda Site nke Toshiki Osada (nke nwere ozi gbasara Gtaʼ, Gutob, Ho, Mundari)
* Nchịkọta ụda Gta'
* Gta'

Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations