Asụsụ Soddo

**Soddo** (autonym *kəstane* "Kraịst"; nke a na-akpọbu *Aymälläl* n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ, na-asụcha otu olumba ya) bụ asụsụ Gurage nke nde mmadụ na-asụ na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Etiopia . Ọ bụ asụsụ Semitic Etiopia nke ezinụlọ Northern Gurage. Ndị na-asụ ya, ndị Soddo Gurage (Kistane), bi na mpaghara Soddo nke Mpaghara Gurage . &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## fonology

### Consonants

* [ʔ] ka a na-anụkarị mgbe ọ nọ n'etiti ụdaume, ma ọ bụ n'ọnọdụ mmalite n'ihu ụdaume.
* A pụkwara ịnụ ụda /p, pʼ, tsʼ/ n'okwu agbaziri agbazi.
* Ụda /k, ɡ, kʼ/ nwekwara ike ịnwe allophones labialized [kʷ, ɡʷ, kʼʷ].
* /b/ nwekwara ike ịnụ dị ka okwu na-ese okwu [β] mgbe ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ intervocalic.
* Enwere ike ịnụ /m/ dị ka [ɱ] mgbe tupu /f/, na /n/ dị ka [ŋ] mgbe tupu /k/. 

### Udaume

## Ụtọ asụsụ
 

### Aha aha
Dịka ọ dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ Etiopia, ndị ntozu aha na-esokarị aha.

Ekwuputara edemede a doro anya site na suffix *-i*, eg: *goš* "nwoke" > *goš-i* "nwoke ahụ"; *ätit* "nwanne" > *ätiti* "nwanna nwanyị"; *bayyočč* "ụmụaka" > *bayyočč-i* . Ọ bụrụ na aha ahụ gwụ na *-a* ma ọ bụ *-ä*, ọ na-efunarị ụdaume a mgbe *-i* na suffix: *angačča* "cat" > *angačč-i* "put". Aha na-agwụ na *-i* na-anọkarị otu: *abi* "(nna) nna, onye nwe ya". Mkpọaha na-agwụ na *-e, -o, -u* na-agbakwụnye *y* n'ihu suffix: *ge* "ụlọ" > *geʸi* "ụlọ ahụ"; *wälläho* "onye agbata obi" > *wällähoʸi* "onye agbata obi". Ọ bụrụ na aha ahụ nwere qualifier, a na-eji isiokwu ahụ na nke mbụ eme ihe: *maläk' ge* "nnukwu ụlọ" > *maläk'-i ge* "nnukwu ụlọ"; *yä-šum-i ge* "ụlọ onye ọrụ" (lit. "nke-ọrụ-ụlọ"); *yä-mät't'-i məss* "nwoke ahụ bịara" (lit. "onye-bịara-nwoke ahụ").

Ọmụmaatụ: *ahoññ yəmät'a timäsəl* "ọ dịghị ka ọ ga-abịa taa"; *ädahʷan t-aykäfəl alläfo* "ọ hapụrụ akwụghị ụgwọ ya".

##### Nke ziri ezi ma dị mkpa

A na-agbagha ndị a site na nganiihu *ay-* : *ayəsfär*, *ayšäkkət*, *aygalb* . Ụdị onye nke abụọ wee gbanwee ka o kwekọọ na ndị ọzọ: *attəsfär*, *attəsfer*, *attəsfärəm*, *attəsfärma* .

Dịka:

:  "let him take according to his work"
:  "don't touch someone's property"
:  "rest and sit down" (sit down quietly)

## Ntụaka
bụ asụsụ Gurage nke nde mmadụ na-asụ na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Etiopia . Ọ bụ asụsụ Semitic Etiopia nke ezinụlọ Northern Gurage. Ndị na-asụ ya, ndị Soddo

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* Cohen, Marcel, *Etudes d'éthiopien méridional* . Paris: Geuthner 1931.
* Gideon Goldenberg, "Kəstanəñña: Studies in a Northern Gurage Language of Christians", na: *Orientlia Suecana* 17 (1968), 61-102 [=Gideon Goldenberg, *Studies in Semitic Linguistics*, The Magnes Press: Jerusalem 1998  ].
* Gideon Goldenberg, "L'étude du gouragué et la comparaison chamito-sémitique", na: Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Roma - *Problemi attuali di Scienza e di Cultura*, Quad. N. 191 II (1974), p.&nbsp;235–249 [= *Ọmụmụ na asụsụ Semitic*, p.&nbsp;463–477].
* Gideon Goldenberg, "Asụsụ Semitic nke Etiopia na nhazi ha", na: *Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies* 40 (1977), p.&nbsp;461–507. [= *Ọmụmụ ihe n'asụsụ Semitic*, p.&nbsp;286–332].
* Gideon Goldenberg, “Mmasị asụsụ na Gurage na Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Gurage Etymological” [Ntụleghachi edemede nke Wolf Leslau (1979)], na: *Annali, Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli* 47 (1987), p.&nbsp;75–98. [= *Ọmụmụ ihe n'asụsụ Semitic*, p.&nbsp;439–462].
* Gideon Goldenberg, "Isi ihe abụọ nke ụtọasụsụ Kəstane", na: Grover Hudson (ed.), *Essays na asụsụ na omenala Gurage. : raara nye Wolf Leslau na emume nke 90th ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya, Nọvemba 14, 1996*, Harrassowitz: Wiesbaden 1996 (  ), p.&nbsp;93–99.
* Wolf Leslau, *ndị Etiopia na-ekwu : Ọmụmụ ihe gbasara omenala, III.* *Soddo* . Ọmụmụ Ọwụwa Anyanwụ nso, 11. Berkeley: Mahadum California Press 1968.
* Wolf Leslau, *Etymological Dictionary of Gurage (Ethiopic)* . 3 mpịakọta. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz 1979. ISBN&nbsp; .
* Wolf Leslau, *Ọmụmụ Gurage: Akụkọ anakọtara*, Otto Harrassowitz: Wiesbaden 1992. ISBN&nbsp;
* Johannes Mayer, *Kurze Wörtersammlung na Englisch, Deutsch, Amharisch, Gallansich, Guraguesch*, herausgegeben von Dr. L. Krapf. Basel: Pilgermissions-Buchdruckerei St. Grischona 1878.
* Franz Praetorius, "Ueber den Dialekt von Gurāguē", na: *Die amharische Sprache*, Halle 1879, p.&nbsp;507–523 (ihe odide ntụkwasị nke abụọ).
* Robert Hetzron, "Main Verb-Markers in Northern Gurage", na: *Africa* XXXVIII (1968), p.&nbsp;156–172.
* *yä-Kəstane Gurage əmmät (həzb) tarik* . Addis Ababa 1986 ( kalenda Etiopia ).

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ihe ndekọ nke Ndị Kraịst na Soddo na weebụsaịtị Global Recordings .
* World Atlas of Language Structures ozi na Soddo