Johanna Brandt

**Johanna Brandt** (18 Nọvemba 1876 na Heidelberg, South African Republic – 13 Jenụarị 1964 na Newlands, Cape Town ) bụ onye South Africa na-agbasa mgbasa ozi nke mba Afrikaner, onye nledo n'oge agha Boer, onye amụma na onye ode akwụkwọ na isiokwu ahụike na-ese okwu.

A mụrụ Johanna van Warmelo na 18 November n'afọ 1876, nye pastọ Nicolaas Jacobus van Warmelo na nwunye ya nke abụọ Maria Magdalena Elizabeth Maré. Nna ya bụ onye ụkọchukwu Dutch Reformed si Netherlands ebe ezinụlọ nne ya bụbu ndị njem n'oge gara aga na ndịda Africa. 

Brandt gụrụ akwụkwọ afọ abụọ na Seminary Good Hope for Young Ladies na Cape Town . Mgbe nna ya nwụrụ n'afọ 1892, Johanna na nne ya gara njem njem ọnwa isii na Europe.

Ná mmalite nke Agha Boer nke Abụọ n'afọ 1899, Johanna wepụtara onwe ya na ụmụnne ya atọ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka nọọsụ ruo mgbe ndị Britain weghaara Pretoria, isi obodo Transvaal . Otú ọ dị, ndị Boers ekweghị ozugbo, ma ogologo oge agha agha malitere.
áká_èkpè|thumb| Onye mmekọ Johanna - nne ya.
Ọ bụ n'oge nke abụọ a nke Agha Boer ka Brandt, onye bi na Pretoria, malitere ọrụ maka ihe kpatara Boer. Ọ haziri ụmụ nwanyị ka ha ledo ndị uwe ojii Britain ma zoo ndị mkpọrọ nọ na-agba ọsọ. Ọ bụ omume ya mere ka WT Stead na-agba ọsọ akụkọ na *Review of Reviews* banyere ọnọdụ jọgburu onwe ya na Irene Ogige ntinye uche nke nyere aka na mbelata nkwado ọha na eze Britain maka agha ahụ. 

Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, o dere akụkọ nke ya nke Irene Concentration Camp, mana akwụkwọ a kacha mara amara bụ *Petticoat Commando*, nke kọrọ banyere ya na nne ya na-erigbu n'oge Agha Boer. A raara akwụkwọ ahụ nye nne ya, "Dị ka àjà udo maka ime ka ọ pụta ìhè na-emegide ọchịchọ ya kpọmkwem".  Ụlọ Van Warmelos, nke ha kpọrọ *Harmony* ghọrọ ebe ndị agha Britain na-achị. Johanna (onye na-akpọ onwe ya "Hansie" n'akwụkwọ ahụ) gosipụtara dị ka onye isi ike, ya na nne ya na-erigbu atụmatụ Britain nke ụmụ nwanyị Boer abụọ ahụ dị ka ndị na-adịghị njọ. 

Otu n'ime ndị isi ọrụ Britain nọ n'ọkwa dị nso bụ Lord Kitchener, Lord Roberts na Duke nke Westminster .

Ndị "ọbịa" ha hapụrụ Van Warmelos n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'udo. Ntụkwasị obi a na-ezighị ezi nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi ọgọ nwanne Johanna, Henry Cloete, onye lụrụ nwanne ya nwanyị nke okenye. Cloete bụbu onye nnọchi anya Britain na South Africa wee bulie ya dị ka Onye so nke Order of St Michael na St George site n'aka Queen Victoria .  N'ọrụ ha dị ka ndị nkịtị na-adịghị emerụ ahụ, Johanna na nne ya nwere ike ịnakọta ozi banyere mmegharị nke ndị agha na ngwa agha, ma jiri akwụkwọ ozi ndị e dere n'ụdị ink a na-adịghị ahụ anya nke sitere na ihe ọṅụṅụ lemon zipụ ozi a.

N'afọ 1902 Johanna lụrụ onye ozi, Louis Ernst Brandt. Amara ya nke ọma na ozi ekele sitere n'aka ndị isi obodo. 

## Agha Ụwa nke mbụ
Brandt nọgidere na-etinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mba South Africa. Mgbe ndị Briten kpọsara agha na Germany n’August 1914, ha bufere ndị agha na Saụt Afrịka n’ihu ndị Europe. Ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ Boer, nke Lieutenant Colonel Manie Maritz du, jiri ohere a kwupụta nnwere onwe South Africa. Mgbe ọchịchị South Africa mebiri nnupụisi nke Maritz ọnwa isii ka e mesịrị, e hiwere Nasionale Vroueparty, ma ọ bụ National Women's Party, na Transvaal. Nzube ya bụ ịrụ ọrụ iji tọhapụ ndị nnupụisi ahụ na ilekọta ezinụlọ ha, yana ije ozi dị ka onye inyeaka maka National Party. Brandt jere ozi dịka odeakwụkwọ na ọgbakọ ọgbakọ mbụ nke otu ahụ, nke emere na Johannesburg . 

## Edemede ahụike
thumb| Johanna Brandt - ọkwa nzụkọ ọha
Brandt bipụtara ihe dị ka akwụkwọ nta iri abụọ na isiokwu nke ọgwụgwọ anụ ahụ maka nsogbu ahụike. Akwukwo ya kacha mara amara bu *ogwu ogwu* na *akwukwo obubu* .  Ekwuru na e dere *ọgwụgwọ mkpụrụ vaịn* ahụ mgbe Brandt kwuchara na ya gwọchara onwe ya ọrịa kansa afọ. O nwere ike ịbụ na akwụkwọ a sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke Arnold Ehret, onye dịkọrọ ndụ, onye kuziri usoro ọgwụgwọ mkpụrụ vaịn, dịka Sylvia Saltman siri kwuo.  Nkwubi okwu Brandt kwuputara na *The Grape Cure* ka a katọrọ dị ka " quackery ",  Otú ọ dị, akwụkwọ Brandt bụ mmetụta maka onye edemede South Africa, Essie Honiball, onye dere *I Live on Fruit*,  na Basil Shackleton, onye edemede. nke *Ọgwụgwọ mkpụrụ vaịn: Agba nkeonwe* . 

## Amụma
Brandt dere maka mkpughe ndị eboro ya na mgbede nke nne ya nwụrụ na 7 Disemba 1917 na Pretoria. O bipụtara mkpughe amụma ndị a n’akwụkwọ a na-akpọ *The Millennium* na 1918. Ọrụ okpukpe ya ọzọ bụ *Paraclete, ma ọ bụ Nne Ụwa Na-abịa* nke e bipụtara na 1936. Ọrụ ndị ahụ na-agụnye amụma e buru maka South Africa bụ́ ebe ọ dọla “ebo” ahụ aka ná ntị na ha aghaghị ịṅa ntị “ndị nna ukwu” ha na “ọdịdị ọjọọ.”  Mgbe eboro ebubo mkpughe nke mmụọ ozi na 1916, a kọrọ na Brandt kwuru maka ndị South Africa dị ka agbụrụ a họọrọ na nke Johannesburg nke ndị isi ojii wakporo. 

## Ihe nketa
N'afọ 2000, ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi South Africa kere usoro stampụ banyere ndị edemede nke Boer War, gụnyere Sir Arthur Conan Doyle na Winston Churchill . Johanna Brandt pụtara na stampụ 1.30 rand yana Sol Plaatje na nrite Anglo-Boer War. 

## Nnukwu ọrụ oruru

*
* *Het concentratie-kamp van Iréne* (Amsterdam: Hollandsch-Afrikaansche Uitgevers-Maatschappij, 1905).
* *Die Kappie Kommando, nke Boerevrouwen na Geheime Dienst* (Amsterdam: JH De Bussy & Hollandsch-Afrikaansche Uitgevers-Maatschappij, 1913).
* 
* *Die Millennium, een voorspelling* (Bloemfontein, Eigenverlag 1918).
* *Narị Afọ Iri ahụ – Ozi Amụma E gaara ebo ala nna nke South Africa* (1918).
* *Die smeltkroes* (1920).
* *Ọgwụgwọ mkpụrụ vaịn*, USA: Echiche Metaphysical, 1927.  
* *Ibu ọnụ* (na-akọwa ọhụhụ ya na ahụmahụ ime mmụọ mgbe ọ na-ebu ọnụ)
* *Akwụkwọ-ebu ọnụ: akwụkwọ gbasara okike na mgbapụta nke ahụ*, Mbipụta 2, De Nationale Pers, 1931, ibe 229.

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ

* Rita van der Merwe, *Johanna Brandt en die kritieke jare in die Transvaal 1899–1908* (Pretoria: Protea, 2004),  .
* Annelize Morgan, *Die visioene van Johanna Brandt* (Mosselbaai: Libanon Uitgewers, 1994),  .

## Hụkwa ihe ọzọ

* Ndepụta ọgwụgwọ ọrịa kansa na-adịghị arụ ọrụ

## Edensibia


## Njikọ mpụga
Mgbasa ozi metụtara Johanna Brandt na Wikimedia Commons

* Works by Johanna Brandt  
* Works by or about Johanna Brandt  
* Works by Johanna Brandt   
* Brandt, Joanna ''Akaebe'' na Fruitarian. Com edemede
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations