Manal al-Sharif

**Manal al-Sharif** ( Arabic , ; A mụrụ 25 Eprel 1979) bụ onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị Saudi nke nyere aka ịmalite mkpọsa ikike ịnya ụgbọ ala na 2011. Wajeha al-Huwaider sere ihe onyonyo al-Sharif na-anya ụgbọ ala dịka akụkụ nke mkpọsa ahụ.  E bipụtara vidiyo ahụ na YouTube na Facebook .   Ejidere Al-Sharif na 21 Mee 2011, tọhapụrụ ya, ma kpọghachi ya n'echi ya.   Na 30 Mee, a tọhapụrụ al-Sharif na mgbapụta,  na ọnọdụ nke ịlaghachi maka ajụjụ ma ọ bụrụ na achọrọ ya, ọ bụghị ịkwọ ụgbọala, na ịghara ịgwa ndị mgbasa ozi okwu.  *Akwụkwọ akụkọ New York Times* na Associated Press jikọtara mgbasa ozi ịnya ụgbọ ala ụmụ nwanyị dịka akụkụ nke Arab Spring na ogologo oge ejidere al-Sharif n'ihi egwu ndị ọchịchị Saudi na-atụ maka ngagharị iwe.  

N'ịgbaso mkpọsa ịnya ụgbọ ala ya, al-Sharif nọgidere bụrụ onye nkatọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike nke gọọmentị Saudi, tweeting na okwu gụnyere ndị ọrụ mba ọzọ a tụrụ mkpọrọ, enweghị ntuli aka maka Council Shura, na igbu ọchụ nke Lama al-Ghamdi . *Amụma Ofesi*, *Oge*, na Nzukọ nnwere onwe nke Oslo anabatala ọrụ ya.

## ndabere
Manal al-Sharif gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum King Abdulaziz na nzere bachelọ sayensị na kọmpụta yana asambodo ọrụ Cisco .  Ruo Mee 2012, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ nchekwa ozi  maka Saudi Aramco,  ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala Saudi. O dekwara maka *[[Alhayat]]*, Saudi kwa ụbọchị.  Akwụkwọ mbụ nke Al-Sharif, *Daring to Drive: a Saudi Woman's Awakening*, bipụtara na June 2017 site Simon & Schuster.  Ọ dịkwa na German, Arabic, Turkish na Danish.

## Mgbasa ikike ụmụ nwanyị
Al-Sharif agbaala mbọ maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị na Saudi Arabia kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ.  Dị ka *akwụkwọ akụkọ New York Times* si kwuo, al-Sharif "nwere aha ọma maka ịdọrọ uche na enweghị ikike maka ụmụ nwanyị".  Banyere mgbasa ozi ịnya ụgbọ ala ụmụ nwanyị 2011, Amnesty International kwuru na "Manal al-Sharif na-agbaso ọdịnala ogologo oge nke ụmụ nwanyị na-eme ihe ike gburugburu ụwa bụ ndị tinyeworo onwe ha n'ahịrị iji kpughee na ịgbagha iwu na iwu ịkpa ókè". 

### Ikike ịnya ụgbọ ala ụmụ nwanyị na Saudi Arabia
 
Womenmụ nwanyị nọ na Saudi Arabia nwere oke nnwere onwe ịgagharị na omume anaghị ekwe ka ịnya ụgbọ ala n'okporo ụzọ ọha.  N’afọ 1990, ọtụtụ ụmụ nwaanyị nọ na Riyad kwọọrọ ụgbọala ha mee ngagharị iwe, tụọ ha mkpọrọ otu ụbọchị, nara ha paspọtụ ha, ma tụfuo ụfọdụ n’ime ha n’ọrụ.  Na Septemba 2007, Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Nchebe na Nchekwa nke ikike ụmụ nwanyị na Saudi Arabia, nke Wajeha al-Huwaider  na Fawzia al-Uyyouni, kwadoro, nyere Eze Abdullah akwụkwọ mbinye aka 1,100 na-arịọ ka e kwe ka ụmụ nwanyị kwe ka ha mee ya. ụgbọala.  Na International Women's Day 2008, Huwaider na-esere onwe ya ịnya ụgbọ ala wee nweta nlebara anya mgbasa ozi mba ụwa mgbe ebisara vidiyo ahụ na YouTube .    Site n'ike mmụọ nsọ Arab Spring, nwanyị si Jeddah, Najla Hariri, malitere ịnya ụgbọ ala n'izu nke abụọ nke May 2011, na-ekwu "Tupu na Saudi, ị nụtụbeghị banyere mkpesa. [Ma] mgbe ihe mere na Middle East, anyị malitere. ịnakwere ìgwè mmadụ na-aga n'èzí na-ekwu ihe ha chọrọ n'oké olu, nke a emetụtawokwa m." 

### Mgbasa ịnya ụgbọ ala ụmụ nwanyị 2011
alt=a woman waving victory sing while driving the car|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|230x230px| Cartoon ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Carlos Latuff banyere mmegharị ụmụ nwanyị Saudi iji bulie mmachibido iwu nke ikike ịnya ụgbọ ala akpọrọ "Akara ngosi okporo ụzọ Saudi Arabia ọhụrụ"
 
N'afọ 2011, otu ụmụ nwanyị gụnyere Manal al-Sharif malitere mgbasa ozi Facebook aha ya bụ "Kụziere m ka m ga-esi chebe onwe m"  ma ọ bụ "Women2Drive"   nke na-ekwu na e kwesịrị ịhapụ ụmụ nwanyị ka ha na-agba ọsọ. ụgbọala. Mgbasa ozi a na-akpọ ka ụmụ nwanyị malite ịnya ụgbọ ala site na 17 June 2011.  Site na 21 Mee 2011, ihe dị ka ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ 12,000 nke ibe Facebook ekwupụtala nkwado ha.  Al-Sharif na-akọwa omume ahụ dị ka ime ihe n'ime oke ikike ụmụ nwanyị, na "adịghị eme ngagharị iwe".  Mgbasa ozi ahụ masịrị Wajeha al-Huwaider ma kpebie inye aka. 

N'ọgwụgwụ Mee, al-Sharif kwọra ụgbọ ala ya na al-Akrabiyah,  Khobar ya na ihe nkiri al-Huwaider.  Enyere vidiyo a na YouTube na Facebook. Na vidiyo ahụ, al-Sharif kwuru, sị, "Nke a bụ mkpọsa afọ ofufo iji nyere ụmụ agbọghọ nke mba a aka [mụta ịnya ụgbọ ala]. Ma ọ dịkarịa ala maka oge mberede, Chineke ekwela. Gịnị ma ọ bụrụ na onye ọ bụla na-anya ha nwere nkụchi obi?" Ndị uwe ojii okpukpe ( CPPVV ) nwụchiri ya na Mee 21 wee hapụ ya ka awa isii gachara.   Ka ọ na-erule na May 23, 2011, ihe dị ka mmadụ 600,000 ekiriwo vidiyo ahụ. 

Vidiyo YouTube nke mbanye al-Sharif ghọrọ ihe na-agaghị enweta na mbụ ya, ehichapụrụ ibe Facebook maka mgbasa ozi ahụ, na akaụntụ Twitter nke al-Sharif ji mee ihe bụ "depụtaghachiri ma gbanwee". Ndị na-akwado ebipụtaghachi vidiyo mbụ na ibe Facebook na nchịkọta nke iwu ise nke al-Sharif kwadoro maka mgbasa ozi June 17 ka e bipụtara na blọgụ na *New York Times* .  

Na 22 May, a kpọchiri al-Sharif ọzọ   na onye isi nchịkwa okporo ụzọ, Major-General Suleiman Al-Ajlan, jụrụ ndị nta akụkọ ajụjụ gbasara ụkpụrụ okporo ụzọ metụtara ndị inyom ịkwọ ụgbọala. Al-Ajlan kwuru na ndị nta akụkọ kwesịrị "tinye ajụjụ" ndị otu Consultative Assembly nke Saudi Arabia .  RTBF tụrụ aro na a mara al-Sharif mkpọrọ ụbọchị ise. 

*Akwụkwọ akụkọ New York Times* kọwara mkpọsa al-Sharif dị ka “mmegharị ngagharị iwe na-etolite” nke gọọmentị Saudi nwara “imenyụ ngwa ngwa”.  *Associated Press* kwuru na ndị ọchịchị Saudi "na-adaba n'ike karịa ka ọ na-adị na al-Sharif, mgbe ha hụchara okwu ya ka ọ bụrụ oku na-agbakọta maka ndị ntorobịa na-eche maka mgbanwe" n'ọnọdụ nke Arab Spring.  Ụlọ ọrụ akụkọ abụọ ahụ kwuru na ogologo oge ejidere al-Sharif bụ egwu ndị ọchịchị Saudi na-atụ maka ngagharị ngagharị iwe na Saudi Arabia .   Amnesty International kwupụtara Al-Sharif dị ka onye mkpọrọ nke akọ na uche ma kpọọ oku ka ahapụ ya ozugbo na enweghị ihe ọ bụla. 

N'echi ya ka ejidechara al-Sharif, a nwụchiri nwanyị ọzọ maka ịnya ụgbọ ala. Ya na ụmụ nwanyị abụọ na-eme njem na Ar Rass na ndị uwe ojii okporo ụzọ kpọchiri ya n'ihu CPVPV. A tọhapụrụ ya ka ọ bịanye aka n'akwụkwọ na ọ gaghị akwọ ụgbọala ọzọ.  Na mmeghachi omume na njide al-Sharif, ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị Saudi ọzọ bipụtara vidiyo nke onwe ha na-anya ụgbọ ala n'ime ụbọchị ndị na-esote.  Na 26 Mee, ndị ọchịchị kwuru na al-Sharif ga-anọ na njide ruo 5 June 2011, ka Waleed Abu Al-Khair siri kwuo.  A tọhapụrụ Al-Sharif n'ọnọdụ ọnọdụ na 30 Mee. Ọkaiwu ya Adnan al-Saleh kwuru na e boro ya ebubo na ọ bụ " ịkpali ụmụ nwanyị ịnya ụgbọ ala" na "ịkwalite echiche ọha".  Ọnọdụ nke ntọhapụ Al-Sharif gụnyere mgbapụta,  ịlaghachi maka ajụjụ ma ọ bụrụ na achọrọ ya, ọ bụghị ịnya ụgbọ ala ma ghara ịgwa ndị mgbasa ozi okwu.  Dị ka ihe nwere ike ime maka ntọhapụ al-Sharif n'oge, *The National* zoro aka na al-Sharif degara Eze Abdullah akwụkwọ ozi, 4,500 Saudis bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ mkpesa n'ịntanetị nye Eze, yana "mkpọsa iwe na ekweghị ekwe nke ma Saudis na ndị nkatọ ná mba ọzọ na Ms. A tụrụ al-Sharif mkpọrọ maka ihe na-abụghị nke omume ma ọ bụ mpụ." 

Al-Sharif gbara akwụkwọ mkpesa na General Directorate of Traffic na Riyadh na 15 November 2011 n'ihi ndị isi na-ajụ akwụkwọ ikike ịnya ụgbọ ala ya.   Samar Badawi gbara akwụkwọ ikpe yiri nke ahụ na 4 February 2012.  

### 2011 ndị inyom mkpọrọ mkpọsa
Mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ May 30, al-Sharif malitere mgbasa ozi Twitter a na-akpọ "Faraj" ịhapụ ndị inyom Saudi, Filipino na Indonesian ndị mkpọrọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ụmụ nwanyị Dammam bụ ndị "a kpọchiri akpọchi nanị n'ihi na ha ji obere ego mana ha enweghị ike imeli. iji kwụọ ụgwọ ahụ".  Al-Sharif kwuru na ndị inyom a bụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ n’ụlọ bụ ndị nọ n’ụlọ mkpọrọ ka ha gwụchara oge mkpọrọ ha, n’ihi na ha enweghị ike ịkwụ ụgwọ ha ji nakwa n’ihi na ndị ha na-arụrụ ọrụ Saudi na mbụ enyeghị aka ịtọhapụ ha ma ọ bụ kwụọ ụgwọ ụgbọ elu ha iji laghachi obodo ha. nke sitere. Ọ zoro aka na ụmụ nwanyị Indonesia 22 wee kpọọ ụmụ nwanyị anọ chọrọ enyemaka ma kwuo ego ole ha ji. Ọ kpọrọ oku ka e nye onye isi ụlọ mkpọrọ ụmụnwaanyị Dammam onyinye ozugbo iji kwụọ ụgwọ ụmụnwaanyị ji wee tọhapụ ha. 

## Kemgbe 2012
Mgbe e nyechara ya ihe nrite Václav Havel maka ngbanwe okike na Mee 2012,  onye ọrụ al-Sharif Aramco rụgidere ya ka ọ ghara ime njem iji nweta ihe nrite ahụ. Onye isi Al-Sharif yiri ya egwu na a ga-achụ ya n'ọrụ, na-ekwu, sị, "Ọ bụrụ na ị ga-ekwu okwu na ogbako ọzọ, ị nwere ike tufuo ọrụ gị. A naghị ekwe ka ị gaa. Anyị achọghị ka aha anyị jikọọ na gị." Al-Sharif mere njem iji nweta ihe nrite ya. A chụrụ ya n’ọrụ, ọ ga-esikwa n’otu ọnụ ụlọ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bi na ya pụọ. 

Na Disemba 2012, al-Sharif katọrọ atụmatụ gọọmentị Saudi Arabia na-agwa ndị di site na SMS mgbe ndị nwunye ha ma ọ bụ ndị na-adabere na ha na-ahapụ obodo ahụ, dịka iwu na-eme ka ụmụ nwoke bụrụ ndị nlekọta iwu kwadoro nke nwunye ha. "Obere eziokwu nke akụkọ SMS na-enye gị echiche nke nnukwu nsogbu na usoro nlekọta dum", ka o dere na Twitter .  Mgbe Eze Abdullah họpụtara ụmụ nwanyị na Council Shura ndụmọdụ maka oge mbụ na Jenụwarị 2013, al-Sharif katọrọ mgbanwe ahụ dị ka obere, na-ekwupụta na kansụl ahụ abụghị otu a họpụtara ahọpụta na enweghị ike ịgafe iwu.  N'ọnwa Febụwarị, ọ rụrụ ọrụ iji weta uche mba ụwa n'ihe gbasara Lama al-Ghamdi dị afọ ise, onye nna ya Fayhan al-Ghamdi dinara ya n'ike n'ike, tie ya ihe, ma gbaa ya ọkụ; ọ jere ozi ọnwa anọ n'ụlọ nga wee kwụọ 1,000,000 riyal (ihe dị ka $267,000) na ego ọbara .  Na 7 October 2013, a mara ọkwa na a mara al-Ghamdi mkpọrọ afọ 8, gbakwunyere lashes 800.  

Na Jenụwarị 2019, al-Sharif mechiri akaụntụ Twitter ya. O kwuru na ọ bụ ezie na Twitter "echekwala ndụ [ya] ozugbo" yana ọrụ netwọk mmekọrịta n'ịntanetị emeela ka ndị Saudis nwee mkparịta ụka na nkwurịta okwu na-enweghị isi ruo ọtụtụ afọ, karịsịa na 2011, ndị ọchịchị Saudi chọtara ụzọ isi jiri Twitter mee ihe na ọ weere dị ka ikike. ka ọ nọgide na-eji ya.  Al-Sharif rụrụ ụka na ndị ọchịchị Saudi "nke ọma na-akpụzi ma na-akpụzi okwu Twitter site n'ịzụta trolls na bots, ebe ha na-eyi egwu ozugbo ma ọ bụ na-apụtaghị ìhè, na-amaja ma ọ bụ na-ejide ma na-ejide ndị na-eme ihe ike ma ghara ikwu okwu ọma banyere iwu gọọmentị." Al-Sharif hotara akụkọ *New York Times* nke onye ọrụ ọgụgụ isi Saudi na-abanye na Twitter bụ onye nyere ndị ọchịchị aka ịchọpụta ma jide ndị ọrụ Twitter a ma ama nke Saudi bụ ndị na-echebe ruo mgbe ahụ site na amaghị aha ha.  Al-Sharif kpọrọ oku maka ndị na-emepụta ngwanrọ ka ha zụlite ma melite usoro mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi na-enweghị isi, dị ka Fediverse, na usoro iji "na-akwụghachi ụgwọ n'ezie na ọdịnaya organic, kama ịkwụ ụgwọ bots na akaụntụ adịgboroja" na ka "ghara ikwe ka ndị dị ike na ndị ọgaranya gbanwee. ma chịkwaa mkparịta ụka ahụ." 

## Ndụ onwe onye
Al-Sharif nwere ụmụ nwoke abụọ. Nwa ya nwoke mbụ bi na Saudi Arabia ya na nne nne ya, na nwa ya nwoke nke abụọ nọ na Australia na al-Sharif.    , ụmụ nwoke abụọ ahụ ahụtụbeghị n'onwe ha, ebe ha zutere nanị na oku vidiyo. 

Al-Sharif nwere nwa nwoke ọzọ na 2014 site na alụmdi na nwunye nke abụọ ya. 

Al-Sharif na-asụ Bekee nke ọma ka o biri na New Hampshire, USA na Australia. Ọ na-ewere onwe ya onye Alakụba na-emesapụ aka. Ọ na-eleru anya n'ọtụtụ omume Islam, gụnyere Halal, na-ekpe ekpere ugboro ise ma ọ bụ isii n'ụbọchị, wdg. Mgbe ọ na-alụ di ya bụ onye Brazil, ọ chọrọ ka ọ banye Islam dị ka iwu islam kwadoro ka ọ lụọ ya, ọ gụkwara Shahada. n'otu ụlọ alakụba dị na Brazil ka ọ banye na Islam, o wee were aha ndị Alakụba.&#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Nkwenye
Magazin *Foreign Policy* aha ya bụ al-Sharif otu n'ime ndị *Top 100 Global Thinkers* nke 2011,  na e depụtara ya na *Forbes* ndepụta nke *Women Ndị (nkenke) mkpatụ* n'otu afọ.  Na 2012, a kpọrọ al-Sharif otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị na-enweghị atụ egwu nke afọ site na *Daily Beast*,  na magazin *Time* kpọrọ ya otu n'ime 100 Kasị Mma Ndị Mmadụ na 2012 .  Ọ bụkwa otu n'ime mmadụ atọ e nyere ihe nrite Václav Havel nke mbụ maka mmegide okike na Oslo Freedom Forum . 

## Hụkwa

* 2011 Saudi Arabian ngagharị iwe
* Dina Ali
* Islam feminism
* Sara bint Talal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
* Samar Badawi
* Hamza Kashgari
* Mishaal bint Fahd bin Mohammed Al Saud

## Ntụaka
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations