Sardines dị ka nri

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|300x300px|Sardines si Akabane Station na Kita, Tokyo
Sardines ("pilchards") bụ azụ̀ bara ọma na-edozi ahụ, obere, mmanu mmanu nke ụmụ mmadụ na-erikarị yana dị ka azụ nri site n'ụdị azụ buru ibu, ihe mmiri na anụ mamma.  Sardines bụ isi iyi nke omega-3 fatty acids.  A na-enyekarị sardines n'ime mkpọ, mana ike iri ya n'eghe, pickled, ma ọ bụ see ịhụ mgbe ọ dị ọhụrụ..

 A akara iji okwu sardine mee ihe na bekee na eje ozi awụ nke iri na ise, ọ pụtara isi n'achọetiti Mediterenian nke Sardinia, nke sardines na ya.

Okwu sardine na pilchard echiche nke ziri ezi, ihe a na-ekwu na-adabere na mpaghara.  Dị ka ihe atụ, ụgbọ na-ahụ Maka Azụ n'Oké nke United Kingdom na-ekewa sardines dị ka ụmụ anụmanụ na-eto eto.[1]  Otu iwu na-atụ aro na azụ dị iche iche 6 (15 bụ sardines, na ndị buru ibu bụ pilchards.[2] faili FAO / WHO Codex maka sardines a na-etinye n'ime ite depụtara ụdị iri na abụọ n'  usoro nke Clupeiformes nke ike ike dị ka sardines, Atlantik herring (Clupea harengus), na brisling sardine (Sprattus sprattus), nchekwa data zuru  oke nke ozi gbasara azụ, na-akpọ ma ọ chọrọ ala ụdị isi isii 'pilchard', ihe nna iri na abụọ 'sardine', na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na aha abụọ ahụ ruru eru site na adjectives dị iche iche iche..

A na-egbute sardines maka Azụmaahịa maka ojijidị iche iche: ọnyà, oriri, Harris n'ime ite, ịcha, ewepụ nnu, ise siga, na ibelata na nri azụ ma ọ bụ nri azụ.  Isi ihe eji sardines eme bụ maka oriri mmadụ.  A na-eji nri azụ eme ihe dị ka nri anụmanụ, ebe nri sardine nwere ọtụtụ ojiji, ihe ágbá, varnish, na linoleum.

## Nri
 
Sardines bara mmetụta na vitamin na mineral.  Obere sardines otu ugboro n'ụbọchị nwere ike inye ihe ruru 13% nke RDA (nke a na-atụ aro kwa ụbọchị) nke vitamin B2, ihe dịka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ nke RDA nke niacin, na ihe dịka 150% nke RDA  ya nke vitamin B12.[1]  Vitamin B niile na-enyere aka ndị ọrụ ngwaọrụ mkpakọ ma jiri ya mee ihe maka metabolism ike, ma ọ bụ nri nri ka ọ bụrụ ike.[2]  Ọzọkwa, sardines dị elu na nnukwu mineral dị ka phosphorus, calcium, potassium, na ụfọdụ mineral dị ka iron na selenium.  Sardines bụkwa isi iyi sitere n'okike nke mmiri omega-3 fatty acids, nke na-abụba onye ọrịa nke obi.[3]  ዋና ndị e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na-atụ aro na iri omega-3 fatty acids na-belbehel nke nhọrọ Alzheimer ma nwedịrị ike ike ọrụ ọrụ.  [4] [5] Acids usoro ndị a ike inye aka beta shuga dị n'iche.  [6] Ha bụkwa ezigbo isi iyi nke vitamin D, calcium, na protein.
Faịlụ:Niboshipackage.JPG|Dried *niboshi* (sardines) in and out of the package, used in Japanese cooking
Faịlụ:Young_of_sardines_rice,Yaizu-city,Japan.JPG|Young sardines on rice
Faịlụ:Mezashi_by_Kossy@FINEDAYS_in_Tokyo.jpg|Sardines with lemon
Faịlụ:Wakame_and_fish.jpg|A Japanese dish with garlic, *wakame*, soy sauce, and "oil saldina"

Faịlụ:Sardine_fish_being_dried_under_the_Sun_from_Rosario,_Cavite,_Philippines.jpg|Sardine fish being dried under the Sun in Cavite, Philippines

Faịlụ:Grilled_Sardines_5.50€_Marisqueira_O_Varino_Nazaré_(3785526688).jpg|Portuguese grilled sardines on lettuce, with potato
Faịlụ:Gegrille_Sardinen.jpg|Grilled sardines with tomato and potato, Portugal
Faịlụ:Sardinhas_assadas.jpg|Grilled sardines with potato and salad, Portugal

Faịlụ:Sardinas tomate - Tapas.jpg|
Faịlụ:Sardines_in_olive_oil_&_tomato_sauce.JPG|Sardines in olive oil and tomato sauce
Faịlụ:Pilchards_-_"Cornish_Sardines"_-_geograph.org.uk_-_73778.jpg|Cornish pilchards salted and packed in crates for shipping to Italy 
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Pilchard (Sardina pilchardus) azụ azụ na nhazi bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-aga nke ọma na Cornwall site na 1750 ruo 1880, mgbe nke ahụ mma ọ na-ahụ n'ihe nke nta ka ọ mbelata.  Otú ọ dị, ka ọ na-erule afọ 2007,Kwadi na-akawanye mma.[1]  Kamara afọ 1997, a na-ere sardines sitere na Cornwall dị ka "Cornish sardines", marik Machị 2010, n'okpuru iwu EU, Cornish sardines chebewo ọnọdụ ala.[2]  Onye ọrụ ahụ gosila n'ọtụtụ ọrụ nka, saịtị n'aka Stanhope Forbes na ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe na Newlyn School.  Nri omenala Cornish pilchard bụ stargazy achịcha.

Obere azụ nwere ndidi dị ka sardines abụwo ihe oriri ndị Gris ochie oge ochie.  A na-ewu ewu n'oge ule nke July na August, ma na-eto ya dị ka ihe oriri dị mma protein na Omega-3 fatty acids, a na-eri sardines na-esikarị ya na lemon na galik,  ma ọ bụ ọgwụgwọ ya na nnu na akụkụ oliv (πα трансформа, pastés).  Nri ahụ bụ ihe a na-ama na ụlọ oriri na ,taa "taverna" dị n'ekiri nke Gris, ma ọ bụ na obere ụlọ ọrụ na-eje ozi dị ka nri (μεζές, meze) na-esokarị oUzo.  Nke a na-ahapụ ụzọ ndị ọzọ isi sie sardines na usoro nri na ụdị dị iche iche.

Ebe a na-akpata ya na sardines na oriri ha dị ka ouzomeze (ουζομεζές i.e. meze treat na ouzo) bu ebu Lesvos.  Ụdị azụ mma a na-akpọ eto papalina na-eto na nnukwu ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke alụ nke ahụ nke Kalloni, na-eme ouzo abụwo ogologo oge na mpaghara Plomari.  Ndị na-ahụ Lesvos ole na ole na-ahụ ma na-ebupụ sardines a na-etinye n'ime ite, nke a na-ewere dị ka nri dị ụtọ n'ahụ ahụ..

Sardine bụ nri ụfọdụ ndị Karnataka, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu na Goa.  A na-eri azụ̀ ahụ mgbe ọ dị ọhụrụ, sardines ndị a na-etinye n'ime ite ewu ewu.  Sardines e siri esi bụ ihe na-atọ ụtọ a na-achọsi ike.  A na-akpọ ha mathi (Malayalam) (Tamil) ma ọ bụ chāla (Malayalam) (T Tamil) na Kerala na Tamil Nadu.  Na Andhra Pradesh, a na-akpọ ha kavallu n'etiti ndị na-egbu azụ.  Na West Bengal, a na-akpọ ha khoira (Bengali).  Ndị si n'oge oké osimiri Karnataka na Goa na-akpọ ha tarle (Konkani) ma ọ bụ Bhootai (Tulu).  Sardines dị ọnụ ala na India ọzọ azụ buru ibu dị ka onye na-ahụ anya ma ọ bụ onye na-eme ihe ọchị, na-eme ka ha bụrụ ihe dị ọnụ ala.  A na-eri ha n'ụdị dị iche iche, nri a na-esi n'ọkụ na nke a na-etinye n'ọkụ, ma ọ bụ mee ka ha bụrụ curries nke ụdị dị iche iche..

### Ịtali
N'ihi egwu nso na Sardinia, ma mpaghara ugwu na ndịda nke Ịtali na-ekwu na isi nri ma ọ bụ ihe oriri na azụ sardine dị ka isi ihe.  Nri mpaghara nke Sicily, pasta con le sarde, bụ spaghetti ma ọ bụ bucatini na-abanye na sardines, fennel, saffron, emetụta, galik, yabasị, na-abụ oliv, mmiri ọcha, mmiri lemon, tomato dị ọcha, kre a kwara.  akwụkwọ, na almond a kụrisịrị akụrisị.  Na Venice, sardines na Saor bụ antipasto nke nwera anụ sardine e ji ntụziaka, mgbaàmà, na vinegar mee, nke e mesịrị na ntụ ọka ma sie ya na ahụ ahụ oliv, mgbe e ji parsley, yabasị, almond, na ike  mmetụta ya mma.

Peru nwere ogologo ihe mere nke eme oriri mmadụ na-eri Engraulis ringens na sardines ndị ọzọ, na-abanye n'omenala oge ochie, past Omenala Chimú, omenala Paracas, Pachacamac, na nke mkpa akwụkwọ edemede ochie ochie na ihe nkiri,  Signanya Caral-Supe, nke njikere ihe ihe nke nta ka ọ bụrụ oriri E. ringens.  Ka o sina dị, agafe afọ 1950, ebe a na-aga maka E. ringens (anchoveta ma ọ bụ sardine Peruvian) bụ isi ihe maka mbelata mgbanwe azụ na nke nri azụ na-azụ azụ, yana obere ego maka oriri mmadụ.  N'ihi ihe nke ụgbọ okporo ígwè ebe obibi na ụgbọ, mgbochi apụta 2000, ihe ndị Peruvian na-egbu egbu site na 9.58 nde metric ton (MT) ruo ala nke 5.35 nde MT, na ihe a kọrọ na 2009 na-egbu na 5.35  ndeMT.[1]  N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, oriri mmadụ (nke mpaghara na nke mbupụ) eruola ihe dị ka MT 110,000 (ihe dị ka 2% nke ijide) n'ihi nkwalite ozioma nke, gburugburu ebe obibi, na uru akụ na  aka, dị ka Mistura 2010, na-ama ọrụ na NGO, dị ka www.anchoveta.info, na onyinye nke onwe onye site na nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara.

### Philippines
A maara nke ọma dị ka "sardinas" n'agbanyeghị ụdị dị iche iche, sardines bụ ihe oriri karịsịa nke ezinụlọ ndị dị ala na Philippines n'ihi ọnụahịa ha dị ọnụ ala. A na-ejikarị ha eme ihe dị ka ihe enyemaka n'oge ọdachi. Sardines so n'ime ndị obodo ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na-egbute, dịka ndị bi na Manila Bay.

N'egwu osimiri Atlantic, a na-eme sardines e siri esi ihe dị ka tapas na ihe ize ma ọ bụ ka nri mbụ.  Oge oke osimiri Mediterenian, na-ama ihe ihe.  Na Spain, a ụzọla usoro nkwakọba sardine m eje nke afọ nke iri na ndụ, na ụlọ ọrụ ihe mbụ e mbụ na Isla Cristina na Ayamonte na 1888, na nzaghachi nye ndị e, n'oge gara aga na Vila Real de Santo António (  Portugal) mbụ maka nkwakọ sardines (na tuna).

Sardines (sardalya na Turkish), nri dị ụtọ na nri Turkish, na-ahụ n'ahịa azụ n'amụma ima mbụ nke Turkey.  A na-ahụ ha n'ozuzu ha ma ọ bụ na-esi ha n'ọkụ n'ọkụ, nke a na-ahụ eme ihe dị ka isi nri n'iji ihe ndị na-aba n'anya, rakı, ihe.  otu Turkish.  mpaghara na mpaghara Gallipoli na mpaghara Aegean nke Turkey, a na-esi sardines n'ọkụ na-akpa n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ.  A na-etinye ha n'ime ite na ụlọ ọrụ ihe dị n'obodo ndị dị n'elu oké osimiri dị ka Istanbul, Gelibolu, Çanakkale, Bandırma, Karadeniz Ereğli, Ordu, na Trabzon.

Na United States, ụlọ ọrụ na-etinye sardine n'ime ite ruru n'ókè dị elu n'afọ ndị 1950. Kemgbe ahụ, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ anọwo na-ebelata. Nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ sardine ikpeazụ na United States, ụlọ ọrụ Stinson Seafood dị na Prospect Harbor, Maine, mechiri ọnụ ụzọ ya na Eprel 15, 2010, mgbe afọ 135 na-arụ ọrụ. N'oge ọrịa COVID-19, sardines na azụ ndị ọzọ a na-etinye n'ime ite nwere mmeghachi omume, gụnyere nguzobe nke ndị na-emepụta boutique.

## Ihe odide

## Njikọ mpụga

* Sardines - Seafood Watch, Monterey Bay Aquarium