open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Arnold Diaz

Arnold Theodore Diaz (June 16, 1949 - Ọktoba 24, 2023) bụ onye nta ndị na-ahụ maka ndị na-egosi ihe onyonyo nke America, nke WPIX-TV were n'aka ikpeazụ na New York.  A mara Diaz maka usoro ihere gị maka usoro ndị isi nke na-agbasa na WCBS-TV ihe ọmụmụ afọ iri abụọ.  Diaz rụkwara ọrụ maka ABC News na WNYW n'ikike ndị yiri ya, ebe nke ikpeazụ na-ewere ibe site na WCBS wee arọ ihere Shame Shame .  [1] O lekwasịrị anya n'ọtụtụ ihe na i mebere mmejọ na nkeji ike nke ụlọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ.  Akụkọ ya ebutela oge nche maka ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe ojoro.

## Agụmakwụkwọ
Diazrọ akara akara akara ya na Mahadum Florida State, ebe ọ bụ Phi Beta Kappa .  O mechara Aha akara ugo nna ya ukwu na akwụkwọ sitere na Medill School of Journalism na Mahadum Northwwest dị na Chicago

## Ọrụ
Diaz buru ụzọ kɔɔ maka WPLG-TV na Miami site na-anọ ruo etiti 1970s, wee kwaga WCBS-TV na New York, ebe ọ jere ozi site na etiti 1970 ruo rue 1990s.  N'oge ya na WCBS, Diaz meri Emmy Awards mpaghara 25. [1] Ọ meri nke 48 Emmy Awards n'oge ọrụ ya.  [2] Diaz ikpeazụ ọrụ maka 20/20 ABC dị ka onye nta ahụhụ nke ndị akara ihe site na 1995 ruo 2003. [2] N'oge ya na 20/20, ọ meri National Press Club Consumer Journalism Award na  Ndị ahịa Federation of America Media Service Award.  Ọ la iche na WCBS na 2003 wee maliteghachi ngalaba Shame On You, na-adịgide ahụ ruo mgbe ọ kwagara WNYW na 2006, ebe ebe Diaz gara n'okpuru aha ọhụrụ nke ihere, ihere, ihere .  [3] Na 1995, ewebata Diaz na National Academy of Arts and Sciences Silver Circle.  [2] Na Jenụwarị 2014, ekwuruputara na Diaz arụrụ arụ maka WNYW-TV.  [4] Na Ma Achị 31, 2014;  Diaz sonyeere WPIX dị ka ngalaba nke ngalaba "PIX11 Investigates" emebere ọhụrụ ya na ndị nta njikọ ogologo oge Mary Murphy na onye isi nyọcha Howard Thompson.  Diaz lara ezumike nká na WPIX na Maachị 29, 2022

## Ndụ onwe na ọnwụ
Arnold Diaz biri na Port Chester, New York, na-eke ya na ụmụ ya atọ

Diaz nwụrụ site na otutu myeloma na Greenwich, Connecticut, na Ọktoba 24, 2023, mgbe ọ dị afọ 74 

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

*  na nchekwa data ihe nkiri ịntanetị 
Òtù:Aha
Ịda ogbenye na Peru

thumb|363x363px|Agba ndị ahụ na-anọchite anya pasent nke ndị dara ogbenye: acha anụnụ anụnụ, ihe na-erughị 10%; akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, 10-20%; odo, 20-40%; oroma, 40-60%; ọbara ọbara, ihe karịrị 60%.
**Ịda ogbenye na [[Peru]]** adaala ngwa ngwa kemgbe mmalite nke narị afọ nke iri abuo na otu, n'ihi ọganihu sitere na ahịa mba ụwa, njem nleta, ọnụ ahịa dị ala, ohere akụ na ụba ka ukwuu, na iwu akụ na ụba neoliberal, n'otu n'ime ọnụego kachasị ọsọ na mba South America. Ịda ogbenye belatara site na pacenti 58.7% na- afo 2004 ruo 20.5% na-afo 2018, ma ọ bụ site na nde mmadụ 14.9 dara ogbenye ruo ihe na-erughị nde mmadụ 6.8 na-afo 2018, na ọtụtụ nde ndị Peruvian na-esi na ịda ogbenye na-ebili dị ka Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INEI) si kwuo. N'afọ 2019, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị dara ogbenye jiri 1.7 ọzọ belata. 

Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2018, pacenti 20.5% nke ndị bi na Peru nọ ma ọ bụ n'okpuru akara ịda ogbenye, na-eme ihe dị ka mmadụ onu ogugu 6,765,000. Naanị pacenti 2.8% (~924,000 mmadụ) nke ndị Peruvian na-ahụ onwe ha na oke ịda ogbenye. Dị ka INEI si kwuo, a na-akọwa oke ịda ogbenye dị ka ndị na-enweta ihe na-erughị onu egoUS $ 80 kwa ọnwa (S./264 PEN), a na-ekwukwa ụgwọ ọrụ kacha nta dị ka US $ 415 kwa ọnwa.

Ịda ogbenye na Peru dị karịsịa na mpaghara ndị na-emepebeghị emepe na-ọtụtụ mpaghara dị n'ime Peru, ọkachasị Huancavelica na Cajamarca, n'ihi obere ohere akụ na ụba na nnweta nke isi obodo na mpaghara ndị ahụ. Mpaghara ndị nwere nnukwu mmepe, dị ka Lima, Moquegua na Ica, nwere obere ịda ogbenye n'ihi ohere akụ na ụba ahu.

Peru bụ otu n'ime mba ndị ahu nọ n'ụwa nke hụrụ mbelata kachasị ngwa nke ịda ogbenye, n'akụkụ ụfọdụ n'ihi iwu akụ na ụba na uto.

Otú ọ dị na- afo 2020 ọnụ ọgụgụ ịda ogbenye nke Peru mụbara n'ihi ọrịa nke akporo COVID-19.

## Enweghị ọrụ na njem ọha na eze
[thumb|364x364px|[Lima" id="mwIw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="San Isidro District, Lima">**San Isidro**, mpaghara dị na Lima, bụ otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba nke na-akwalite ọrụ ma belata ịda ogbenye na Lima.]]
National Institute of Informational Data (INEI) nke Peru kọrọ ihe dị ka ndị Peruvian 686,300 nwere ike dị ka ndị na-enweghị ọrụ. 
[thumb|365x365px|Mpaghara ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ na '''ogige akụ na ụba''' nke Lima, [Peru, ebe ọtụtụ ịda ogbenye na Lima dị]]

## Akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke ịda ogbenye
Inweta ihe ndị dị- mkpa emeela ka ọ dịkwuo mma na Peru kemgbe afọ 2000, dị ka a hụrụ site na pasentị nke ndị mmadụ na-enweghị ihe ndị dị mfe na-ebelata.

## Ndemsibia

* Akụkọ banyere ịda ogbenye na Peru
* Ịda ogbenye site na Ngalaba 2010, Peru
* Ịda ogbenye site na Mpaghara 2007, Peru

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta mpaghara nke Peru site na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ
* Ndepụta obodo dị na Peru
* Peru
Iwu Ahụike Ọha (London) 1891

**Iwu Ahụike Ọha (London) 1891** ( 54 &amp;amp; 55 Vict. c. 76) bụ iwu nke nzuko omeiwu nke United Kingdom nke gbatịpụrụ ịnweta ụlọ ọgwụ Metropolitan Asylums Board nye ndị na-erughị eru maka enyemaka na-adịghị mma .

Iwu ahụ bufere ibu ọrụ nke iwepụ snow n'okporo ụzọ ụkwụ site n'aka ndị nwe ụlọ gaa na vestries na bọọdụ mpaghara London . 

## Hụkwa

* Nlekọta ahụike na London
* Iwu ahụike ọha

## Edensibia
 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ntụaka na Hansard
Dale Goldhawk

Dale Goldhawk ( mmalite 1942 ma ọ bụ 1943 ) [1] bụ onye mgbago ozi Canada, onye na nje onye nta achọpụta.

Goldhawk akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na mmemme nta ndị na Ryerson Polytechnical Institute na 1967 [1] wee isi ọrụ dị ka onye nta ndị maka Telegram Toronto .  [2] Ọ kwagara n'ọnụ redio redio CHIC na 1971 ebe ọ na-ede ọrụ dịka onye isi na.  [1] N'afọ 1974 ọ kwagara na ike dị ka onye nta akwụkwọ maka Global Television Network .  [1] Na 1980, ọ na-enye onye nta ndị CBC mpaghara na Toronto. 

Goldhawk Fights Back dị ka mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi elekere nri CBLT na 1980 — Newsshour .  Ọ sonyeere Leslie Jones dị ka onye na-akwado CBLT Morning n'etiti 1984 na 1986. [1] Ọ kwagara na redio mba site na 1986 ruo 1992 dịka onye ọrụ CBC Radio's Cross-Country Checkup .  [2] Ọ bụ Louis oche nke Alliance of Canadian Television and Radio Artists (ACTRA) [3] ma bụrụ eze oche nke NABET, otu ndị na-anya anya ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ na CBC.  Ọnọdụ a bụ ndabere nke Canadian Broadcasting Corp. v. Canada (Labour Relations Board), ebe o boro ebubo na a chụrụ ya n'ihi ọnọdụ otu ya.

Goldhawk kwagara na CTV, ebe a na-elekọta onye na-ahụ maka ndị na-azụ na CTV National News ruo 2001 mgbe ụfọdụ kagburu ya maka akpata ego. 

Mgbe ahụ, ọ pụtara Goldhawk Live, ọnụ na-eme n'egosi a na-eme n'iji na ekwentị na ihe ngosi, nke na-agbasa na Rogers Television site na 2001 ruo 2013. [1] Ihe ngosi ahụ ọtụtụ ugboro.  ndị na ndị agha ndị mpaghara obodo obodo obodo dịka ndị ọbịa ma isi niile maka mbụ aka nke Toronto n'oge mkpa obodo etiti, mpaghara na ime obodo.  Ruo 2016, o tele tele Sunday na-egosi na CPAC, nke a na-akpọ Goldhawk Live, nke na-ekwu ihe nsogbu mba

Goldhawk etinyekwala aka n'ọgụ nkwado ndị ahịa n'ime afọ iri gara aga megide "omume azụmahịa nke okwukwe ọjọọ" nke ọ na-ekwu na ọ bụ isi ihe kpatara ụgwọ ụgbụ .  Ya na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị esorola, karịsịa Adam Vaughan na mkpọsa imezi okporo ámá dị na Ward 20 Atọ n'Ime Otu—Spadina . Goldhawk so onye isi ndị uwe ojii na Toronto bụ Julian Fantino rụkọrọ ọrụ na mbọ iji manye nra dị arọ maka mkpofu ahịhịa na-akwadoghị na Ontario dị ka akụkụ nke Kọmitii Landfill Warwick Watford. 

Goldhawk hapụrụ mgbasa ozi na 2016 iji guzobe Goldhawk Group Canada, ụlọ ọrụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze na mgbasa ozi. 

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Aha
Sybil Niden Goldrich

Sybil Niden Goldrich abụrụru otu n'ime ndị na-akwado ndị na-azụta ahuhu na-etinye aka n'ọgụ maka ụmụ anụmanụ dịka ọ gbasara ara .  Nduzi ya n'okwu a pụta na 1987 mgbe, dị ka onye ọrịa kansa nwere nnukwu ihe isi ike na nke maka nwughari mgbe mastectomy bi-lateral, ọ na-ere eziokwu ahụ bụ na US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) akwado nkwado ara ara.  E sere isiokwu ya n’ihu bụ “Mweghachi Drama,” na magazin Nwaanyị na June 1988

Ọ bụ onye nchoputa nke Command Trust Network, ụlọ na-ekpochapụ ozi maka ụmụaka iji nye eziokwu ndị siri ike ma na-akpa ekwe àgwà ebe ọzọ gbasara ara na silicone .  Ɔ na-agbasi mbọ ike ike ndị isi ndị ka e weeዞ ozi ziri ezi gbasara ihe gbasara ihere na nsogbu ndị yiri ya.  Ya na onye omebe iwu Ted Weiss (D, NY) rụkọrọ ọrụ nke ọma, onye, ​​tupu ya, onye isi oche Subcommittee House na ihe nke FDA.  icon ahụ, ọ gbara ọtụtụ ugboro n'ihu kọmitii dị iche iche, kọmitii Senate, FDA, na California State Legislature.  Sybil na-ede maka Mma na ara, [1] blọọgụ ya na onye na-eme ihe nkiri Mary Elizabeth McDonough na-ekerịta njikọ nke ara.

Ɔ na-aga n'ihu na- ngosi okwu silicone ma na-akwado ndị na-arịrị silicone ka ha na-agakọ ọnụ site na iwu.  Ɔ na- yonu onye na-eche maka mgbasa ozi-a URL ya na-egosi site na nso atɔ na ọtụtụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri.  Ọ bụ onye ọbịa ugboro ugboro na ihe ngosi okwu ma pụta ìhè na Good Morning America, CNN, Nightline, Larry King Live, Oprah, na The Jenny Jones Show, n'etiti ndị ọzọ.  The New York Times, Wall Street Journal na akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ takaitala ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ozi ya nye onye nchịkọta akụkọ;  Mpempe akwụkwọ op-ed ya apụtala n' akwụkwọ ndị e depụtara n'ofe mba ahụ.  N'ime afá ndị gafeworonụ, ndị na-amatapụta ọrụ ya na-aga n'ihu apụtawo na magazin ndị mmadụ, USA Today na LA Times, n'etiti ndị ọzọ.

Enyere ya onye California Consumer Activist nke Afọ wee kpụrụ ya akwụkwọ Los Angeles dị ka otu n'ime “50 Kasị Mmasị na Los Angeles.”  N'afọ 2005, Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ụmụ na-enyere ya dị ka otu n'ime 2005 Woman of Action.  Lifetime TV na Hearst Entertainment na-ahụ na aired abụọ Small Voices, ihe nkiri nke izu ya onwe ya, na Command Trust Network na ihe bụ, n'oge ahụ, kasị klas omume na ihe mere eme nke United States.

A ajụjụ ya na New York City wee lụọ James S. Goldrich, MD, onye dibịa bekee lara ezumike nka - ihe n'achọ nwa .  Ha nwere nhọrọ na ụmụ ụmụ abụọ.  Ihe nzere BA site na Hofstra College, MA si na Mahadum New York, na sitere na mmemme akwụkwọ akwụkwọ Stanford .

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Aha
Òtù Mgbanwe Ọgwụ nke Iwu Ndị Ogbenye

thumb| Akaebe nye Mazị Richard Griffin, sitere na ndị ọrụ ahụike Ogbenye-Law na 1866
Ọ bụ Dr. Richard Griffin, onye ọrụ ahụike nke otu iwu Weymouth Ogbenye  tọrọ ntọala **Association of Poor Law Medical Reform Association** na 1853. Ọ jikọtara ya na Mgbakọ nke Ndị Ọrụ Ahụike Iwu Ogbenye na 1856. N'afọ 1868, ọ jikọtara ya na Association of Metropolitan Workhouse Medical Officers iji mepụta Association of Medical Officers Association . 

Na 1859 o wepụtara akwụkwọ nta "Mkpesa nke Ndị Ogbenye Iwu Ahụike." 

Griffin, dị ka onye isi oche nke otu ahụ, bụ onye na-agbasi mbọ ike na mgbasa ozi nke dugara na Iwu Ogbenye Obodo 1867 ( 30 &amp;amp; 31 Vict. c. 6). 

## Hụkwa

* Mmegide megide Iwu Ogbenye Bekee

## Edensibia
Otu-Jeremi

**Otu-Jeremi** bụ tawn dị ni Ughelli Saut LGA nke Delta Staet, Naijiria. Gas Plant Naijiria dị ebe a. Ọ bụ ebeishi nke Ughelli Saut LGA.

## Edensibia
Maurice Healy (onye na-eme mkpọsa)

Maurice Eugene Healy (27 Nọvemba 1933 - 3 Nọvemba 2020), bụ onye mgbasa ozi ndị ozi Britain, onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke Kedu?  magazin ma onye nke National Consumer Council .

Maurice Eugene Healy njikwa na 27 November 1933 na Streatham, ndịda London, nwa Emily (nee O'Mahoney), onye nkuzi, na Thomas Healy.  Ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Downside School, wee akara akara ogo oge ochie ochie sitere na Peterhouse, Cambridge 

Na 1973, ọ nọchiri anya Eirlys Roberts dị ka onye nchịkọta nke Kedu?  magazin, ma ịbụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka ihe niile nke?  magazin

Na 1977, Healy sonyeere National Consumer Council dị ka onye isi nke enyemaka ndị, ma bụrụ onye isi ya site na 1987 ruo 1991. [1] Mgbe ọ "la ezumike nká", Healy jere ozi dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ndị  Aha nadị iche iche na ndị na-achịkwa, , eze oche nke Association Patients .

Na 1958 ọ lụrụ José Dewdney, ha mụtakwara ụmụ ha ndị nwanyị atọ. 

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Aha
Ndị Henderson

Les Henderson bụ onye Canada na-ede akwụkwọ wayo na onye na-ahụ maka mpụ nke Persuasion, saịtị mara ndị na-azụ eji eji. 

Henderson abụọ akwụkwọ, " Crimes Of Persuasion " na " N'okpuru Nchọpụta ".  Akwụkwọ mbụ bụ "Crimes Of Persuasion" na-ọtụtụ ọtụtụ 'atụmatụ, ojoro na mfe' dị iche iche.  Akwụkwọ nke abụọ Henderson "N'okpuru Nchọpụta" nchacha nchacha nke Florida Attorney General (ugbu a Gọvanọ) Charlie Crist nchacha na Lou Pearlman nwere Wilhelmina Scouting Network.

## Crimes-Of-Persuasion.com
Henderson hibere webụsaịtị na afọ 2000, n'usoro nke akwụkwọ mbụ ya na aha ya bụ Crimes of Persuasion.  COP na-akpọ nke ọma ụzọ ndị na-eme mpụ na-eji eme ihe, dị ka mkpuchi na mkpuchi.  Satịt ahụ na-ekwu dị ka echiche ya: "Iji gwa ọha na eze, yana ndị ọrụ mmanye iwu, ndị ọrụ ikpe ezi na ndị otu na-akwado ndị ozi na ọrụ na oke nke telemarketing na ndu ego ka e wee  gbasie mbọ ike nke ọma iji ụgbọ mmiri ya na ndị mgbasa ozi. hụ na e nwere ike zuru oke iji jide ndị na-eme ihe ike."

## Okwu gbasara iwu na omume ndị nkatọ
June 2004 Henderson na ndị ọzọ akwụkwọ ikpe site n'aka Fashion Rock LLC (aka Talent Rock), ụlọ ọrụ Florida nke con man Lou Pearlman nwere mgbe ahụ, na-ebo ha ebubo na ha "imebi ụdị nke etiti etiti na Florida nke  Racketeering Influenced Corrupt Organisation Act., nnyonye anya jọgburu onwe ya na ịzụ ahịa, nkwutọ, mbuso agha nke mbuso agha nke, imefusị ihe ihe nke ọzụzụ na izu obodo”. [1] Achụpụrụ uwe ahụ.

Ọzọkwa na June 2004 ihe dị ka iri na yiri egwuregwu e wuru site Fashion Rock CEO Mark Tolner "ịwakpo ndị nkatọ" (ao Les Henderson na Ripoff Report ), [1] [2] N'oge na-adịghị anya ka e sere  "Bureau of Ethical Internet Commerce" Site n'aka Ayman Ahmed El-Difrawi (onye bụbu onye na-ahụ maka ndu na onye na-ahụ maka ndị isi na Pearlman na-edozi nka nka) n'ihi otu ihe na-acha ya.  [3] [4] Ọtụtụ ederede ederede aha, nwere ebubo mkparị na-achọ isi gbasara Henderson, apụtala na bọọdụ ozi, blọọgụ, akwụkwọ ozi na saịtị emo nke ike ịhụ na ịntanetị ngwa.  Henderson na nloghachi nke ọma gbara akwụkwọ nkwutọ megide Pearlman, Mark Tolner, Ayman El-Difrawi, na ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na ndị ọzọ.  E nyere Difrawi na mmadụ atọ ndị ọzọ ebubo ka ha aha Henderson $10.000 onye ọ llala "maka akara ha na akara, akara ma ọ bụ akara nke akara ngosi", 

Na Nọvemba 2007, St. Petersburg Times onye nchịkọta ego onwe onye Helen Huntly kọrọ na El-Difrawi nkata ntọala azụmahịa na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke a na-akpọ Crimes of Persuasion na-e ese Henderson, na-eji ezigbo aha ya

Na Nọvemba 21, 2007, Ayman A. Difrawi na Internet Solutions Corporation gbara akwụkwọ ikpe megide Henderson na ndị ọzọ, na-ebo ha ebubo nkwutọ, nkwutọ ahia, ụgha na-emerụ ahụ, mbuso agha ụgha nke nzuzo, izu nzuzo obodo, na mmebi iwu RICO.   

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ

* 
* 

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Aha
Jonathan Greatorex

Jonathan Greatorex ( ከውጭ 1970) bụ onye nkuzi egwu Britain bụ onye ama na mba niile maka egwu aka ya na "Salters Hill Scandal" na Lambeth wee bụrụ otu n'ime ndị na-akwado ikike ndị UK na ndị mgbasa ozi

## Ọrụ
Ọ bụrụ egwu egwu ya mgbe ọ dị afọ 10 dị ka Choral Scholar na Llandaff Cathedral .  Site n'ebe ahụ ọ gara n'ihu na Christ College tupu ya agụchaa akwụkwọ na London College of Music n'okpuru nduzi nke John McCabe, Michael Goldthorpe na Pamela Bowden nwụrụ anwụ.

Ọ bụ onye mbụ mbụ, Ọkachamara Egwu nke Primary na Junior.  Ọ bụbu onye isi egwu na ụfọdụ ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị ụmụ London na-eduga ma nwee ọnọdụ site na nkuzi Choral ruo “Technology Information Technology”.  Edekọwo ma ọrụ ya na eserese na ụlọ ọrụ redio mba.

Ọ bụ onye isi egwu na James Allen's Preparatory School na London site na ebe ọ kwagara ịbụ onye isi egwu na Croydon High School Junior Department maka afọ 5 tupu ọ kwaga Wales na 2007 ebe ọ na-arụ ọrụ oge niile dị ka onye na-ahụ  maka egwu egwu na iche na-akwụghị ụgwọ.  onye na-ese foto yana ịbụ onye pilot tozuru oke.

Ọ bụ onye edemede nke nkwado nke ọrụ maka ọrụ egwu, nke nwere ike ị na-enwe ndị na-agụ egwu egwu na-azụ ndị na-agụ site na ntọala ruo isi ọkwa 2 .  Ọ bụkwa naanị n'ịhazi egwu a na-enweta maka ụmụaka Junior School makwara egwu maka ọtụtụ egwu egwu.

## Salters Hill na mgbe
Ọdụ onye ama maka iwu o mere megide Kansụl Lambeth na-esochi "Salters Hill Scandal" [1] ebe ọ .  puku pound.  Okwu ikpe furu Lambeth akpụkpọ na Greatorex na-eweghachi £ 176 nke ọnụ aha n'Igbo ikpe ikpe, na-agba ọsọ egwu ikpe ndị na-adabaghị na Lambeth mere ihe "N'ihe ezi uche" [2] n'ịgbaso ikpe ahụ  .

Ọ na-aga n'ihu ugbu a egwu aka ya na okwu gbasara ikike ikike ndị site n'ibute mgbasa ozi "Light Up Powys" n'okporoámá ọkụ, [1] WorkBully, [2] ire iji ikike mmegbu n'ebe  ọrụ ma ọ bụrụ onye mgbasa ozi mgbe niile maka redio na iyi.  n'okwu dị iche iche iche iche ndị agha na ikike obodo

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Roland Hüttenrauch

Roland Johannes Hüttenrauch (26 Jenụwarị 1928 – 12 Januarị 2006) bụ onye na-ahụ maka Stiftung Warentest, ihe ndị na-ahụ maka German na Berlin site na 1967 ruo 1994.

Roland Hüttenrauch njikwa na Oberlungwitz, Germany.  Mgbe ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na 1946, ọ gara n'ihu na-agụ akwụkwọ, nke mbụ na Mahadum Leipzig na mgbe ahụ na Technical University na Berlin .  N'ebe ahụ, ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na nzere bachelọ na Fiziks, wee akara akara ugo doctorate na Engineering Physics na 1961. Ọ bụ onye nkuzi na ngalaba injinia nke mahadum rue 1964 wee ọrụ dị ka onye nweere onwe ya maka otu German Association  nke Consumer Organisation

A nhụjuanya ya onye isi nke Ngalaba Teknụzụ nke Stiftung Warentest obere oge ka e guzobechara ya na 1964 ma dịka nke a, ọ na-abụ ọrụ na ọrụ ya na ụlọ ọrụ na-aga nke ọma na nke mba ụwa.  Na 1967 ọ nọchiri Olaf Triebenstein dị ka onye isi njikwa Stiftung Warentest wee bụ bụrụ onye isi oche na 1972. N'ime oge a, o usoro ihe misali atụnyere.  Roland Hüttenrauch lara ezumike nká na 1994 ma Werner Brinkmann nọchiri ya.  Ọ bụrụ isi onye otu Stiftung Warentest's Supervisory Board ruo 1999

N'afọ 1988, e nyere ya Order of Merit nke Federal Republic of Germany (Klas mbụ).  Na Jamanị, a na-ewere nkịtị ya dị ka "nna nke nleba anya nke ngwa ngwa".

## Akwụkwọ ndị ahọpụtara

* *Usoro nke nnwale ngwaahịa atụnyere*, Journal of Consumer Policy, Springer Netherlands 1, 2 (March 1977), p.&nbsp;143 ruo 150
* *Gebrauchstauglichkeit und Gebrauchswert*, isi 35 na: *Handbuch Qualitätsmanagement*, Hanser Fachbuchverlag (1999), Mbipụta nke anọ
* *Einige Einflüsse der Rechtsprechung auf die Arbeitsmethodik der Stiftung Warentest*, na: *Vergleichender Warentest: Testpraxis, Testwerbung, Rechtsprechung*, Verlag Moderne Industrie, Landsberg/Lech (1986), pp.&nbsp;25 ruo 34

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* 40 Jahre Stiftung Warentest (PDF faịlụ; 8 MB) German
* *Roland Hüttenrauch* – Der Tagesspiegel, 31 Maachị 2006 German

## Njikọ mpụga

* Roland Hüttenrauch am Munzinger Archiv
* Mwepụta akwụkwọ akụkọ Stiftung Warentest, 17 Jenụwarị 2006
Òtù:Aha
S. M. Mohamed Idris

SM Mohamed Idris (6 Disemba 1926 – 17 Mee 2019) [1] bụ onye Malaysian na-akwado ikike ndị ahụhụ, nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi obibi na ikike onye ọrụ.  Ọ bụ onye isi oche ogologo nke otu ụlọ ọrụ, Sahabat Alam Malaysia (SAM) na Consumers Association of Penang (CAP) .  Ọnwụ ya na Mee 2019 bụ ọtụtụ ndị NGO, ọrịa na ndị isi nke nke Malaysia ịgba.  

Achọpụtara ya maka ịbụ nke òtù otu nke mere ka e guzobe Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe obibi na 1975, መር ọgwụ ndị na-egbu egbu, ibipụta ụbọchị njedebe nadig nri niile, na-amachi mgbasa ozi sịga, na-akwado  uru ọrụ n'okpuru Social Social.  Security Organization na Employees Provident Fund, na imeziwanye ọnọdụ iwu maka ndị nwe ụlọ na ndị na-azụrụ ụlọ.

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Aha
Arthur Kallet

Arthur Kallet (Decemba 15, 1902 – Febụwarị 24, 1972) bụ onye Nkwado ndị iro America.

## Ọrụ
Onye injinia, Kallet akwụkwọ akwụkwọ 1933 nke isiokwu ya bụ 100,000,000 Guinea Pigs: Ihe ize ndụ na nri kwa ụbọchị, ọgwụ ihe na ihe mma na onye injinia Frederick Schlink .

Na 1936 ọ በቀላሉ dị ka onye ntụziaka nke Consumers Research mgbe isi ya, FJ Schlink, chụrụ ndị ọrụ atọ dị egwu bụ ndị na-akpa otu, ma sonye na Amherst College prọfesọ Colston Warne Consumers Union na Consumer Reports .

Ndị Ozi Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ndị America na-ezo aka Arthur Kallet dị ka onye isi ndị Kọmunist nke Consumers Union, nke o kwuru na ọ bụ n'ihu ndị Kọmunist. 

Na 1957, Kallet mebiri na Warne wee hapụ Consumers Union ka ọ akwụkwọ ozi ọgwụ na-abụ ngwaahịa na ngwaahịa, na 1961, Buyers Laboratory Inc.

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Aha
Ezhai Padum Padu

. Ezhai Padum Padu ( transl. Ọnọdụ ndị ogbenye ) bụ ihe nkiri 1950 Indian Tamil nke K. Ramnoth duziri.  A gbara ya n'otu oge na Telugu ka Beedala Patlu .  Ọ bụ ihe nkiri nke Les Misérables, akwụkwọ ozi Victor Hugo nke 1862. E jikọtara ihe nkiri a n'ụbọchị Diwali .  Maka ihe ngosi ya na-echefu echefu nke Javert na fim a, a bịara bịara N. Seetharaman dị ka Javert Seetharaman.  Ọ bụ SM Sriramulu Naidu nke Pakshiraja Studios ibu ya [2] [3] [4]

## Atụmatụ
Onye nyọkọ ndị uwe ojii siri ike na obi tara mmiri Javert na-eweghachi onye omekome obere oge Kandhan onye gbapụrụ n' taimakawa.  Kandhan tụ akwụkwọ ọhụrụ site n'ibu nke Bishhọp Ndị ahịa.  Mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya n'ahụ anya ọ hụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ iko.  Ọ na- agbanwe ya wee nwee ihe ịga nke ọma.  Ọ na-aghọ obodo ya.  Inspector Javert achọpụta ndụ ọhụrụ ya ma yie egwu i mebere ya.  N'otu oge Kandhan na-azụ ndụ Javert.  Javert gburugburu ya na- nche ike Kandhan nye ndịsị n'ihi obi ekele ya.

## Nkedo
 

## Mmepụta
 Ezhai Padum Padu bụ SM Sriramulu Naidu ụzọ na Pakshiraja Studios na Coimbatore.  A na-ewere K. Ramnoth dị ka onye nduzi na V. Nagayya bụ nke a na-etinye dị ka Kandan (dabere na Jean Valjean ).  Na odi, Nagercoil K. Mahadevan, ka a tụbara ya dị ka bishọp na-emezigharị onye ohi.  Ma mgbe agbachara ihe nkiri ole na ole, Sriramulu Naidu jiri Serukalathur Sama mgbaàmà ya.  Elangovan (Thanigachalam) dere edemede maka Ezhai Padum Paau dabere na nkeji Sudhanandha Bharathi nke Les Miserables .  [1] A mara Sriramulu Naidu maka usoro nhazi ya siri ike.  N'otu oge mgbe director Ramnoth na-ubi na set, otu n'ime ndị na-eme ihe nkiri - V. Gopalakrishnan --eji set na-eche na a Fast enwe ihe nkiri n'ụbọchị ahụ.  Naidu iwe were na-ese ihe nkiri ahụ (usoro egwu egwu) na-eji onye na-eme ihe nkiri (Ragini) yi uwe dị ka nwoke kama Gopalakrishnan

## Ụda ụda
Ụda ndị nwere egwu iri nke SM Subbaiah Naidu dere.  Egwu nke VA Gopalakrishnan.

Egwu bu SM Subbaiah Naidu na G. Aswathama.  Ederede bụ Aarudhra .

## Ntọhapụ na nnabata
Ezhai Padum Padu enwe na ụbọchị Diwali (Nọvemba 9), 1950. [1] Ọ bụ azụmahịa na ihe ịga nke ọma dị egwu. 

## Hụkwa

* Mmegharị nke 

## Ntụaka

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ

* 
* 
* 
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
The Giant (ihe nkiri 1938)

thumb|Ihe nkiri  1938 akpọrọ Giant
Giant (巨人傳, Kyojinden) bụ ihe nkiri Japan ojii na-acha ọcha na 1938 nke Mansaku Itami duziri ma dabere na akwụkwọ akụkọ akụkụ ise ama ama Les Misérables nke onye na-ede uri na onye edemede France bụ Victor Hugo dere.  A gbanwere ntọala ihe nkiri ahụ site na France gaa na Edo-period Japan

Nnukwu jidai-geki nke Denjiro Okochi na-arụ ọrụ Jean Valjean, na Setsuko Hara dị afọ iri na ọrụ dị ka Cosette .

## Nchịkọta atụmatụ

## Nkedo

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Lucie Coutaz

Lucie Coutaz (9 Mee 1899 [1] – 16 Mee 1982) [2] bụ onye ọrụ France bụ onye so na N France n'oge Agha mmetụta nke ihe ma sere nyere Abbé Pierre aka n'ịtọlite ​​ọrụ Emmaus

## Ndụ mmalite na ọrụ
.  A akwụkwọ ya na Grenoble, na dị ka onye ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ dị apụta 16 nwere ahụ mkpọnwụ nke ọrịa Pott agba, nke ọ gbakere ka ọ gachara njem njem na Lourdes na 1921.  na-elekọta mmadụ na onye ndu otu na French Confederation of Christian Workers.  Ndị N French ji ụlọ ọrụ ozi ebe ọ bụ ọrụ mee ihe gbasara.  [1] Na 1943, o akara na Henri Grouès (a na-akpọ Abbé Pierre) na ndị Gestapo chebe, nke a aghakwara ndị ga-adịru ihe nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ iri anọ.  Abbé ahụ gbabara na North Africa, ma la ike mgbe agha ahụ egwu egwu ya.  Ọ bụzi almoner nke "Maison du Marin" dị na Paris wee gwa ya ka o soro ya gaa ebe ahụ.  Ọ bụ ebe na ịpụ ịpụ Grenoble, o osisi.  Ihe omume ụgbọ agha ya were ọtụtụ oge ya nke na ọ na-eche ịpụ.

## Mgbe agha gasịrị
Enyere ya Croix de Guerre na ukwu na 1945. Mgbe agha ahụ mma, ọ gara n'ihu dị ka ike Abbé Pierre, ndị nọ ná mkpa bụ ndị gara leta ụlọ ọrụ ya bịara mara ya dị ka “Mama Coutaz”.  [1] ndị ọrụ ibe mbụ ya "Lucie la Terreur".  [2] Abbé n’onwe ya kwuru na, ma e wezụga Lucie, Emmaus, nke e hiwere na 1949, agaraghị adị.  N'oge oyi oyi na- atụ atụ nke France nke 1954, ọrụ ebere ahụ nke nke nta ka ọ rie nri n'ihi ọrụ ya, ndị abbé akọwa n'ihu ọha maka isiokwu, ebe Lucie Coutaz na-nnọ ọdụ ndụ kwa ụbọchị.  N’ihi ya, e kere obodo Emaus nke mbụ

.  Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, ahụ mkpọnwụ ya ọzọ;  N'ime okwu ikpeazụ ya bụ, "Onye na-arụ ọrụ, mission accomplie."  [1] E izi akwụkwọ ya, 40 ans avec l'Abbé Pierre na 1988. A na-eli ya nso na abé (onye nwụrụ na 2007) n'ime obodo Esteville, ebe obibi mbụ ya.

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Aha
Beedala Patlu

Beedala Patlu ( transl. Nsogbu nke ndị ogbenye ) bụ ihe nkiri ihe nkiri 1972 Indian Telugu eme ihe nkiri, nke B. Vittalacharya mebere ma duzie ya.  Ọ na-eme ihe nkiri Akkineni Nageswara Rao na Krishna Kumari, nwere egwu nke KV Mahadevan dere.  [1] Ihe nkiri a dabere na akwụkwọ ozi French Les Misérables nke 1862, nke Victor Hugo dere.

## Atụmatụ
N'oge tupu onwe, Kotaiah zuru ogbe ikike iji zụọ nwanne ya na-eto eto.  ikpe na-ama ya ikpe ọnwa 2. N'otu oge, nwa nwanne ya na-eleta, na- akwụkwọ nne ya mgbe ọ na-akpa ịgbapụ ma jide ya, na-ahụ ya na-eme ruo afọ ise, nke na- nna  ;  na mkpokọta, Kotaiah ihe afụ 12 n'ihe nkiri.  Eji agwa nwa nwanne Shanta Kotaiah na Ram Gopal, ma ha aga nwa elele, Padma.  Ram Gopal, onye nọ na ụlọ ọrụ na onye mgbagha, na-eme ka ọ kewaa ya na ọla ya niile wee eme na ya.  Ka ọ dị ugbu a, Kotaiah, mgbe a tọhapụrụ n'agbara nga, ndị isi ụlọ ndị nlekọta ndị isi ụlọ, Alexander Inspector Javert, onye uwe ojii obi tara mmiri, ka o mee ka ha mara ebe ọ nọ ma na-  nọmba onwe ya mgbe niile n'ọdụ ndị uwe ojii.  Mgbe ọ la n'ahụ n'achọ ya, ọ dịghị ike ịhụ Shanta, ndị agbata obi chụpụrụ ya, na-akpọ ya dacoit.  Kotaiah tụ akwụkwọ ọhụrụ site n'ibu nke Bishọp Ndị, onye na-enyere ya aka ọchịchị onwe ya wee webata onwe ya dị ka Dayanidhi, onye ekiri onye isi obodo na-aga nke ọma nke obodo ya.  Ozugbo Kotaiah zutere Shanta n'ụra Ọnwụ ya na tupu ọ ቀደም, o nyefere ọrụ Padma n'aka Kotaiah.  Ka ọ dị ugbu a, onye nchacha Javert na-ahụ ndụ ọhụrụ ya ma na-eyi egwu mgbe niile i tọrọ ya.  Oge na-aga, Padma toro eto na-ahụ Arun Kumar n'anya, onye na-alụ odee onwe.  N'ọgụ dị n'etiti ndị na-eme akara na ndị uwe ojii, a aikata Javert duba, mana emesịa, Kotaiah na- Fast ndụ Javert.  Javert na-egbu onwe ya, na- ike ike, Kotaiah n'aka ndịiche n'ihi ekele.  N'otu oge ahụ, ndị uwe ojii Britain, Arun Kumar.  Kotaia bịara napụta ya.  Mgbe Arun Kumar gbakere, ha ga-amata Ram Gopal.  N'ikpeazụ, ihe nkiri ahụ ndị ahụ na mgbasa ozi nke Arun Kumar & Padma, na Kotaiah na-eku ume ikpeazụ ya obi ụtọ

## Nkedo

* Akkineni Nageswara Rao as Kotayya / Dayanidhi / KV Purushottam
* Krishna Kumari dị ka Shantha
* V. Nagayya dị ka Nna
* Gummadi dị ka Inspector Javert
* Rao Gopal Rao dị ka Raobahadoor Raja Ram Mohan Rao
* Satyanarayana dị ka Ram Gopal
* Allu Ramalingaiah as Surayya
* Chandra Mohan dị ka Arun Kumar
* Suryakantham dị ka Kanthamma
* Chandrakala dị ka Padma
* Vijaya Lalitha dị ka Seetha

## Ụda ụda
 

## Hụkwa

* Mmegharị nke 

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Irma Rothschild Jung

Irma Rothschild Jung (1897-1993) bụ onye njem obodo America.  A Business na Germany, Jung raara ndụ ya nye mmemme ndị Juu maka ndị ogbenye, ndị ná mkpa, na ndị a na-akpagbu, ma na Europe na United States

## Ndụ mbido
A njide Jung na July 1, 1897, n'ime obodo Randegg, nke dị na Baden, Germany na nso ọgụ Switzerland.  Eziniche ya bụ ndị Juu bara isi na-eleru anya nke ọma sitere na Switzerland-Juu na ọ bụ otu n'ime ike iri na abụọ.  Ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Switzerland na Mahadum Zurich site na 1917 ruo 1919. Mgbe ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ, o nwere n'iche n'laha ọrụ ndị Juu Ebe Ọwụwa ntọala Europe .  [1] Ọ ngosi Rabbi Leo Jung loju Moravian na February 28, 1922. Irma na Leo zutere Stansstad dị n'Ọdọ Mmiri Lucerne n'ogige ọ gbara ọsọ makakpara gbara ọsọ ndụ.  N'ịkọwa mbụ mbụ ha, Leo dere n'asụsụ asụsụ ya na "Ahụrụ m ya, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch n'aka ya, na-ekwu okwu ebubo ya. N'echi ya, anyị rịgoro na Pailatọs ọnụ ma na mgbede m  ọgbọ ya."  Ndị Jungs kwagara New York City n'otu awụ ahụ 

Irma na Leo nwere ụmụ anọ anọ ọnụ: Erna Villa, Rosalie Rosenfeld, Julie Etra na Marcella (Micki) Rosen.  Nwa ya bụ Erna Villa kwagara Jerusalem, ebe ada ya ekiri Rosalie Rosenfeld ozi onye ọbịa Israel wee kwaga Gush Etion na West Bank nwere .  Nwa nwa Ezra Rosenfeld derela faịlụ di ya 

## Ime ihe
Na 1919, n'oge Agha Mbụ, Jung jere ozi dị ka onye nduzi nke Bureau nke World Congress of Orthodox Jewry.  N'agbata 1919 na 1921, ọ bụ onye ntụziaka nke Central Bureau of Agudath Israel World Organization .  Jung haziri n'efu maka ịgba ọsọ ndụ na Switzerland na Stansstad n'etiti 1920 na 1921. Mgbe ọ kwagara New York City, Jung bụ rebbetzin na ebe ndị Juu dị na Manhattan's Upper West Side.  Ọ map aka na nri na uwe ụmụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Yeshiva n'oge oké ngosi mba n'obi, na-eje ozi dị ka oche nke Yeshiva Dormitory na East Broadway n'etiti 1926 na 1928, na dị ka osote onye isi oche  na onye isi oche nke Yeshiva College Women's Organization n'etiti 1934 na 1935. .  Ruo ọtụtụ afọ, ya na di ya so na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Rabbonim Aid Society, na-arụ ọrụ iji nyere ndị inyom di ha ọnwụ, Oke Mgbukpọ ahụ, na ndị ogbenye aka.  O hiwere alaka ụmụ nke Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America (nke a maara ugbu a dị ka Òtù Ọtọdọks).  N'ịkwado ọnụ nke Zionist na Palestine na Israel, Jung Forest dị na Safed National Fund nke ndị Juu bụ aha Irma na Leo Jung. 

## Ọnwụ
Jung nwụrụ na Mee 22, 1993 na New York City. E mere olili ozu ya na ebe ndị Juu na Manhattan. 

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Aha
Keysar Boaz

thumb|Boaz Keysar 2015.
Boaz Keysar bụ onye isi oche nke mmemme cognition na Mahadum Chicago, ma na-egosi nzi ozi, mkparita uka, na ime mmụọ. .  

## Akụkọ ndụ
Akwụkwọ Keysar na Israel, wee nweta nzere bachelọ na Psychology na Philosophy na Mahadum Hibru na 1984. Keysar mechara nweta MA na Ph.D.  na Psychology sitere na Mahadum Princeton na 1989 mgbe ọ kwagara United States, na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru Sam Glucksberg .  Na 1991, mgbe ọ rụsịrị ọrụ dị ka onye ọkà post-doctoral na Mahadum Stanford, Keysar sonyeere ngalaba nke Mahadum Chicago dị ka onye ndú Prọfesọ nke Psychology, ma emesịa nye ya ikike na 1995 wee kwalite ịbụ prọfesọ zuru oke na 2002.  2005, Keysar arọ ọrụ dị ka Onye isi oche nke mkpa Cognition  

## Ihe nrite
Maka ọrụ akara ya, e nyere Keysar akwụkwọ Fulbright mgbe ọ nọ na Mahadum Princeton na 1985 na mgbe e ịhụ na John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellowship na 1997.

Keysar enwetawokwa ego ọtụtụ maka ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-arụkọ ọrụ nke Kids In Danger, otu òtù na-akpa akwụkwọ na-arụ ọrụ iji melite nchekwa edit.  [1] [2] ọ, na 2000 ma Keysar na na-egosi ya Linda E. Ginzel natara onyinye apụta nke Onye isi ala site n'aka onye bụbu onye isi ala Bill Clinton maka ọrụ ha na-eme ka a mara ihe egwu dị.  na nkọwa echetara  

## Nyocha
Keysar na-atụ aro na nche mwepu na akparamaagwa na-ama n'anya mgbe ị na-ezute ya n'asụsụ mba ọzọ (na-azụ nke ala).  [1] : 246 Otu ụmụaka nke mwepu a bụ na nna na-ahụ nna nke obodo na-enye ikike ichebe na ike iche iche obodo mmadụ.  A na-hazikwa mba ọzọ na-ahụ aka ụfọdụ obodo.  Nke a na-eduga n'ịtụlekwu echiche, nke nwere ike i elele ime egwu, na-ebute egwu ndị na-eme ka usoro. 

## Mbipụta
Enwere ike ịchọta ndepụta nke akwụkwọ Keysar n'ịntanetị. 

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Aha
Marc Kasky

. Marc Kasky ( ọrịa 1944) bụ onye na-azụ ahụhụ kacha mara amara maka iweta ikpe Nike Inc. na 1998 n'okpuru iwu California mgbasa ozi ozi na-eziga na-ụlọ ezi maka mgbasa ozi ha na-ekwu ngwaọrụ nke  ndị ọrụ China, Indonesian na Vietnamese na ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ

## Ọrụ
Ụlọ akwụkwọ Kasky na Stamford, Connecticut wee gụchaa na Mahadum Wesleyan na Mahadum Yale .  Ọ kwagara San Francisco na 1970 wee gaa San Francisco Ecology Center, na emesịa na Fort Mason Center.  [1] Kasky na-eje ozi ugbu a dị ka onye isi ngalaba na Green Century Institute

Kasky bụ onye bụbu onye amateur na onye ọkpọ egwuregwu baseball, onye lara ezumike nka na baseball na 1997. Ọ bụkwa onye na-akpa azụ azụ ọzara na-arụsi ọrụ ike, nwere ahụmịhe dị ukwuu na obodo azụ nke High Sierra.

### Kasky v. Nike, Inc.
 
Kasky gbara akwụkwọ na California gbasara mgbasa ozi akwụkwọ na ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ozi Nike kesara na nzaghachi maka nkatọ nke ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ya.  Kasky kwuru na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ mere ihe ụzọ nke mgbasa ozi mgbasa.  Nike zara na iwu mgbasa ozi mkpuchi ekpuchighị ụlọ ọrụ nke echiche ya na okwu ọha, na ndị nwere ikike maka akara Ndezi Mbụ Mbụ .  Obodo ikpe mpaghara na ndị ọka iwu Nike, ma Ndị ikpe Kasị Elu nke California kagburu egwu a, na-azọrọ na n njọ okwu ụlọ ọrụ bụ okwu azụmahịa na ya mere n'okpuru iwu mgbasa ozi.

ikpe Kasị Elu nke United States inyocha okwu ahụ (Nike v. Kasky) ma zighachi ikpe ahụ n'ama ikpe na-enyeghị isi ike n'okwu ndị isi iwu.  otu ahụ ahụ mechara n'ibu ikpe nchoputa ọ llala na izi nke ezi ezi ndị Nike, na-ahapụ njụta ​​nke ndị ikpe Kasị Elu California nke ịgọnarị ikike Nike dị ka ihe mbụ.  Ikpe ahụ dọtara nnukwu nlebara anya site n'aka otu ndị akwụkwọ edemede onwe obodo, yana ndị na-akwado ịsweathop.

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Aha
Ụlọ Ọgwụ Royal Oldham

**Hospitallọ ọgwụ Royal Oldham** bụ ụlọ ọgwụ NHS na mpaghara Coldhurst nke Oldham, Greater Manchester, England . Ndị Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust na-elekọta ya. Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ nwere ụlọ ọrụ redio na-arụ ọrụ afọ ofufo, Radio Cavell, nke na-agbasa na 1350 AM . 

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ sitere na ụlọ ọgwụ na-arụ ọrụ nke hiwere iji kwado Oldham Union Workhouse na Rochdale Road na gburugburu 1870.  Ọ ghọrọ ụlọ ọgwụ Boundary Park na ngwụcha 1920s na, mgbe ọ sonyechara na National Health Service na 1948, ọ ghọrọ Oldham na District General Hospital na 1955. 

Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ bụ ebe ọmụmụ onye ọkà mmụta sayensị Bekee Brian Cox, bụ onye prọfesọ nke physics particle na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ nke Physics na Astronomy na Mahadum Manchester ; a mụrụ ya na 1968.  Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ bụkwa ebe ọmụmụ Louise Brown, nke mbụ n'ụwa nwere ihe ịga nke ọma  fertilized "nwa tube nwa", na 25 Julaị 1978. 

N'April 2018 ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ sonyeere National Bereavement Care Pathway, nke na-ezube ịhụ na ụkpụrụ nkịtị na nlekọta ọnwụ maka ndị nne na nna. 

## Radio Cavell
Radio Cavell, tọrọ ntọala na 1952, na-enye ọrụ redio ụlọ ọgwụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ. 

## Hụkwa

* Ụlọ ọgwụ Westhulme
* Ndepụta ụlọ ọgwụ dị na England

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Saịtị gọọmentị
Royal Gwent Hospital

**Ụlọ ọgwụ Royal Gwent** ( Welsh   ) bụ ụlọ ọgwụ izugbe dị na obodo Newport . Ọ bụ Aneurin Bevan University Health Board na-elekọta ya. Kemgbe 2020, ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ enwekwaghị Ngalaba Mberede zuru oke, ma na-atụgharị ndị nwere nnukwu ọrịa ma ọ bụ mmerụ ahụ ka ha kpọọ 999 ma ọ bụ gaa na Hospitallọ Ọgwụ Mahadum Grange na Cwmbran. Ụlọ ọgwụ Royal Gwent nwere ngalaba mmerụ ahụ dị awa 24.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
áká_èkpè|thumb| Ụlọ ọhụrụ nke Newport na Monmouthshire na 1905
Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ sitere na Newport Dispensary nke hiwere na Llanarth Street na 1839  wee nata ndị ọrịa mbụ ya dị ka Newport Dispensary na Infirmary na 1867. 

Ọ kwagara na saịtị dị na Cardiff Road nke Viscount Tredegar nyere na mmalite narị afọ nke 20: Viscount Tredegar meghere ya ebe ahụ dị ka ụlọ ọgwụ Newport na Monmouthshire na August 1901.  Ọ gbanwere aha ya gaa Royal Gwent Hospital na 1913. 

Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ sonyeere National Health Service na 1948: emeziri ya kpamkpam iji mepụta ụlọ ọgbara ọhụrụ na mmalite 1960s. 

N'oge ọrịa COVID-19, a kọrọ na ihe dị ka ọkara nke ndị ọrụ ahụike A&E nwalere ihe dị mma maka coronavirus. 

## Hụkwa

* Ụlọ ọgwụ St Woolos

## Edensibia

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Official website 
* Royal Gwent Hospital on the NHS 111 Wales website
* Healthcare Inspectorate Wales inspection reports
Ụlọ Ọgwụ St Alfege

**Hospitallọ ọgwụ St Alfege** bụ ụlọ ọgwụ na-arụ ọrụ na mpaghara Maze Hill nke ọwụwa anyanwụ Greenwich na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ London. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Greenwich Union Infirmary site na 1874 ruo 1929. Amara ya nkenke dị ka ụlọ ọgwụ Greenwich na Deptford tupu ọ bụrụ St Alfege's Hospital na 1931. Ụlọ ọgwụ mpaghara Greenwich nọchiri ya na 1968. 

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme

### Narị afọ nke 19
áká_èkpè|thumb| Maapụ 1882 nke akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ Greenwich, na-egosi ụlọ ọrụ
Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ sitere na ụlọ ọgwụ emepụtara maka ụlọ ọrụ Greenwich na Deptford, nke meghere na 1840 na saịtị dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Vanbrugh Hill, ndịda nke nkwụsị ya na Woolwich Road; onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ, Robert Palmer Browne (1803-1872), mechara kọwapụta atụmatụ ya dị ka “ezigbo ma ọ na-enwe obi ụtọ na ihe enyemaka”.  **Greenwich Union Infirmary** meghere na 1874,  nwere ọnụ ụlọ abụọ nwere ọnụ ụlọ 3 (ụlọ ndị ọrịa 400) yana nchịkwa ụlọ elu 4 na ebe obibi ndị ọrụ, nke e wuru na saịtị 3-acre na ndịda ụlọ ọrụ na ọnụ ahịa £ 35,000.   

Na 1885 Board of Guardians welitere £ 14,800 site na Board of Works Metropolitan ; E wukwara ụlọ ọgwụ abụọ ọzọ iji nọrọ n'ụlọ ihe dị ka mmadụ 300 na-arịa ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala. Ihe mgbochi abụọ ọzọ, ụlọ ndị ọrịa 250 agbakwunyere na 1889. Na 1898 ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ nwetara asambodo dị ka ụlọ akwụkwọ ọzụzụ nọọsụ, n'oge na-adịghịkwa anya ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ dị ka ụlọ ọgwụ izugbe nwere ndị ọrụ 150, gụnyere onye ọrụ ahụike na ndị nọọsụ 60 nke ọkwa dị iche iche. 

### narị afọ nke 20
N'ime mmalite narị afọ nke 20, etinyere ọkụ etiti na ọkụ eletrik, hiwere ngalaba X-ray na ịhịa aka n'ahụ, na 1928, etinyere ụlọ ihe nkiri na-arụ ọrụ. N'afọ sochirinụ, e zigara nchịkwa nke ụlọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọgwụ na London County Council ma kpọgharịrị ya **Ụlọ Ọgwụ Greenwich na Deptford** ; N'ụbọchị a, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwere akwa 846 maka ndị ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala yana ndị na-arịa ọrịa nwere akwa 645 maka ndị ọrịa buru ibu. 

N'afọ 1930, agbakwunyere ngalaba maka ndị ọrịa ụkwara nta, ngalaba na-apụ apụ, ụlọ ahịa ọgwụ, ụlọ ọgwụ mgbochi nwa na ebe ndị nọọsụ na-arịa ọrịa. N'afọ 1931, a kpọgharịrị ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ aha **St Alfege's Hospital**, ka e gbuchara Alfege, Archbishọp nke Canterbury na Greenwich na 1012. 

Na 1934, mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na St Alfege's, Mary Broadfoot Walker buru ụzọ gosipụta ịdị irè nke physostigmine na ọgwụgwọ nke ọnọdụ myasthenia gravis . 

Na 1948 ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ sonyeere NHS n'okpuru nchịkwa South East Metropolitan Regional Hospital Board. Na 1960, Board kwụsịrị ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ na ihe ndị na-adịghị ike nke ụlọ ọgwụ St Alfege abụọ ma jikọta ha n'otu akụkụ nke akwa 605. 

N'ime 1960s, ịkwatu ụlọ ọrụ ochie na ụlọ ọgwụ na ụlọ ọgwụ ọhụrụ zuru oke malitere. Emechara usoro 1 na 1969, Oge 2 ka ọ na-erule njedebe nke 1970 yana Oge 3 site na 1972. Ụlọ ọgwụ Greenwich District nke nwere akwa 800 mepere na 1972.  Hospitallọ ọgwụ mpaghara ahụ dochiekwa ụlọ ọgwụ Miller General nke dị na ọdịda anyanwụ Greenwich, bụ nke mechiri n'ikpeazụ na 1974. 

## Edensibia
Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mahadum Royal Stoke

**Royal Stoke University Hospital** (nke bụbu **ụlọ ọgwụ University nke North Staffordshire** ) bụ ụlọ ọgwụ nkuzi na nyocha na Hartshill na mpaghara Bekee nke Staffordshire . Ọ dabere na obodo Stoke-on-Trent, nke dị nso n'ókè ya na Newcastle-under-Lyme, nke ụlọ ọgwụ Mahadum nke North Midlands NHS Trust na-elekọta ya.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
áká_èkpè|thumb| Akụkụ nke ụlọ ọgwụ General City ochie
Ụlọ ọgwụ mbụ dị na saịtị ahụ, nke a maara dị ka Ụlọ Ọgwụ Parish, ka arụchara na 1842.  Ụlọ ọrụ a ghọrọ ụlọ ọgwụ na ụlọ ọrụ London Road na mmalite narị afọ nke 20 wee ghọọ Ụlọ Ọgwụ Obodo Obodo na 1945.  Ọ sonyeere National Health Service na 1948. 

Azụtara ụlọ ọhụrụ n'okpuru nkwekọrịta Initiative Ego nkeonwe iji dochie ma ụlọ ọgwụ General City na North Staffordshire Royal Infirmary na 2007. Ọrụ ndị a, nke e mere Ryder / HKS  ma rụọ ya site n'aka Laing O'Rourke na ọnụ ahịa nde £ 370  na saịtị ụlọ ọgwụ obodo ochie, ka arụchara n'August 2012. 

## Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Ọgwụ nke Mahadum Keele
Ọ bụ isi ụlọ ọgwụ nkuzi maka Schoollọ Akwụkwọ Ọgwụ nke Mahadum Keele . Ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụike na-ahụ maka ụlọ ọgwụ na ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụike postgraduate dị na ogige ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ, yana Ụlọ Ọrụ Ọmụmụ Clinical na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Ahụike Mahadum Keele nke bụ isi ebe nkuzi maka Ụlọ Akwụkwọ nke Nursing na Midwifery. 

## Ụlọ ọgwụ ụmụaka Staffordshire
Na Machị 2020 ewepụtara ụlọ ọgwụ ụmụaka Staffordshire dị ka “ụlọ ọgwụ n'ime ụlọ ọgwụ”. Ndị ọrịa ụmụaka nwere ohere ịnweta ndị otu ụlọ ọgwụ ọkachamara, ndị na-elekọta ụmụaka nwere ọnọdụ mgbagwoju anya ma ọ bụ nsogbu ahụike. 

## Hụkwa

* Nlekọta ahụike na Staffordshire
* Ndepụta ụlọ ọgwụ dị na England

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ụlọ ọgwụ Royal Stoke University
Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mid-Ulster

**Hospitallọ ọgwụ Mid-Ulster** ( Irish   ) bụ nnukwu ụlọ ọgwụ n'ozuzu na Maghrafelt, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland . Ndị Northern Health and Social Care Trust na-elekọta ya.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ sitere na Maghrafelt Union Workhouse na Infirmary nke George Wilkinson mere ma wuchaa na 1842.  E wuru ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ ọkụ na saịtị ahụ na 1847.  Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ ghọrọ Maghrafelt na Hospitallọ Ọgwụ District na Ọgọst 1945 wee mechaa bụrụ ụlọ ọgwụ Mid-Ulster.  Na February 2003 a họpụtara ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime nnukwu ụlọ ọgwụ itoolu dị na nnukwu ụlọ ọgwụ na Northern Ireland nke nlekọta ahụike ga-elekwasị anya n'okpuru amụma ahụike gọọmentị 'Na-emepe Ọrụ Ka Mma'.  Ngalaba na-amụ nwa mechiri na 2006  na mberede & mberede ngalaba mechiri ma jiri obere mmerụ ahụ dochie anya na 2010. 

## Edensibia

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* 

* Official website
Iwu Mgbasawanye Iwu Ndị Ogbenye nke Ireland 1847

**Iwu ndọtị iwu ndị ogbenye Irish 1847** ( 10 &amp;amp; 11 Vict. c. 31) bụ omume 1847 nke nzuko omeiwu nke United Kingdom nke gbanwere sistemu Iwu Ogbenye Irish . Ngafe nke omume ahụ pụtara na ụgwọ zuru oke nke usoro iwu ogbenye Irish dara ndị nwe ala Irish. 

## Hụkwa

* Iwu Ogbenye Irish

* 

## Edensibia
Iwu Enyemaka Na-adịru Nwa Anyanwụ 1847

**Iwu enyemaka nwa oge 1847** ( 10 &amp;amp; 11 Vict. c. 7) nke a makwaara dị ka **Iwu ofe Kitchen** bụ iwu nke nzuko omeiwu United Kingdom mere na February 1847.

Iwu ahụ nyere ohere ka e guzobe kichin ofe na Ireland iji belata nrụgide site na usoro Iwu Ogbenye karịrị akarị, nke na-enweghị ike ịzụ ndị mmadụ na-ata ahụhụ n'oké ụnwụ nri .  

## Hụkwa

* Ọrụ Mgbatị Iwu Ogbenye Irish
* Iwu ndị ogbenye Irish

## Edensibia
Enyemaka nke Iwu Ndị Ogbenye nke 1782

**Relief of the Poor Act 1782** (22 Geo. 3. c. 83), makwaara dị ka **Gilbert's Act**,  bụ iwu enyemaka ogbenye Britain nke Thomas Gilbert tụpụtara bụ nke zubere ịhazi enyemaka na-adịghị mma na mpaghara mpaghara, mpaghara na-adị. ahaziri n'ime parish nke nwere ike ịtọ ụlọ ogbenye ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ n'etiti ha.  Otú ọ dị, e bu n'obi rụọ ụlọ ọrụ ndị a iji nyere nanị ndị agadi, ndị ọrịa na ụmụ mgbei aka, ọ bụghị ndị ogbenye . A na-elekọta ndị ọrịa, ndị agadi na ndị na-adịghị ike n'ụlọ ndị ogbenye ebe ndị ogbenye nwere enyemaka na-adịghị mma n'ụlọ nke ha. Iwu Gilbert bu n'obi inwe mmetụta nke mmadụ karịa mgbanwe gara aga na Iwu Ogbenye, Iwu Nnwale Ụlọ Ọrụ . N'ime 1780s, enwere mmụba nke enweghị ọrụ na enweghị ọrụ n'ihi ọnụ ahịa nri dị elu, ụgwọ ọrụ dị ala na mmetụta nke imechi ala. Nke a mere ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị dara ogbenye na-abawanye ngwa ngwa, nke ndị nwe ala bara ọgaranya chọpụtara na ọ dịghị anabata.

Iwu Ndozigharị Iwu Iwu 1871 kagburu Iwu ahụ.

## Mgbalị ịfefe iwu
Thomas Gilbert nwara ime ihe omume "ka mma enyemaka na ọrụ nke ndị ogbenye" na 1765.  Gilbert bụ onye na-akwado Duke nke Bedford nke ise, nke mere ka Charles Wentworth, 2nd Marquess nke Rockingham gbochiri omume ya. Gilbert gbalịrị afọ 17 ka ndị omeiwu gafere ụgwọ ya, mechaa nwee ihe ịga nke ọma n'oge Rockingham nke abụọ dị ka praịm minista.

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ozi gbasara Iwu
Akụkọ ka n'ọnụ ọgụgụ (Law Poor)

E bipụtara **akụkọ kachasị** nke Royal Commission on the Poor Laws na 1909. Ndị ọchịchị Conservative nke Arthur Balfour hibere kọmitii ahụ iji nyochaa ma a ga-agbanwe ma ọ bụ gbanwee Iwu Iwu Ogbenye nke 1834 n'ụzọ e si elekọta ya, ma ọ bụ ọ bụrụ na ekwesịrị iwebata iwu ọhụrụ, iji merie ịda ogbenye na enweghị ọrụ. 

Ụlọ ọrụ Royal a bipụtara akụkọ abụọ: mkpesa ọtụtụ na mkpesa pere mpe . Olu 'ọtụtụ' nke kọmishọna iri abụọ na-emegide enyemaka steeti maka 'ndị ogbenye na-erughịrị mmadụ', n'ihi na ọ ga-eme ka ha dabere karịa.  Ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ onye isi oche na onye bụbu minista gọọmentị Conservative Lord George Hamilton .  Ndị na-akwado ọnọdụ ya bụ ndị isi nke bọọdụ gọọmentị ime obodo, yana ndị nnọchiteanya nke Charity Organization Society dị ka Helen Bosanquet na Octavia Hill, bụ ndị kwenyere na ndị ogbenye nwere ike 'gbanwee' nakwa na ndị ọrụ ebere kwesịrị iduga n'inye enyemaka site n'ihe isi ike. 

## Nchọpụta nke akụkọ

* Isi mmalite nke ịda ogbenye bụ ihe ndị metụtara omume
* Iwu Ogbenye kwesịrị ịdịgide
* bọọdụ ndị nche nyere oke enyemaka dị n'èzí
* Akwụghị egbochi ndị ogbenye nwere ike ịchọ enyemaka n'ihi ụlọ ọrụ agwakọtara.

## Edensibia
Akwụkwọ nke Bastiles

***Akwụkwọ nke ndị Bastiles; Akụkọ banyere ọrụ nke iwu dara ogbenye ọhụrụ*** bụ akwụkwọ nke GRW Baxter dere ma bipụta ya na 1841.  Ọ bụ nchịkọta ihe akaebe nke mere ka a mata mmetụta ọjọọ nke Iwu Ogbenye Ọhụrụ . 

## Hụkwa

* Iwu Ndozigharị Iwu Ogbenye

## Edensibia


## Njikọ mpụga

*
Iwu Board of Guardians (Default) 1926

Iwu **Board of Guardians (Default) Act 1926** bụ iwu nke ndị omeiwu Britain gafere na 15 Julaị 1926 nke nyere onye minista ahụike ohere megharịa otu ndị nlekọta ma ọ bụrụ na ọ tụlere na kọmitii ndị nlekọta anaghị arụ ọrụ ya nke ọma.  Iwu ahụ nyere ohere ka ndị ọrụ gọọmentị dochie bọọdụ ndị nlekọta. 

## Edensibia
Akwụkwọ Ogbugbu

thumb| Ihu ihu ''akwụkwọ nke igbu ọchụ''
***Akwụkwọ nke igbu ọchụ***, nke a makwaara dị ka Marcus Affair, bụ mpempe mgbasa ozi e dere na 1830 na -emegide Iwu Ogbenye Bekee . E gosipụtara ya dị ka ọrụ nke otu pseudonymous "Marcus", ma Joshua Hobson bipụtara ya.  O bu n'obi kpalie mmegide megide Iwu Ndozigharị Iwu Ogbenye 1834, bụ nke gbanwere ọdịdị nke enyemaka na-adịghị mma (otu obodo si elekọta ndị ogbenye) na England na Wales. N'oge gara aga, ndị ogbenye tozuru oke maka "ihe enyemaka n'èzí" (akwụkwọ aka na ego ma ọ bụ n'ụdị, na ndị nnata bi n'ụlọ nke ha); nke a gbanwere gaa na "ihe enyemaka ime ụlọ", nke pụtara na e wuru ụlọ ọrụ, ụlọ ọrụ na-enye ebe nchekwa na ihe oriri.

Akwụkwọ a sitere na akwụkwọ nta abụọ nke "Marcus" - "Eziokwu nke Populousness" na "On the Posibility of Limitting Populousness", bụ ndị tụlere na enwere ike igbu ụmụ ọhụrụ iji gboo mgbawa na igbu mmadụ site na gas. Mgbasa ozi iwu megidere ndị ogbenye boro akwụkwọ nta ndị a bụ ọrụ ndị Kọmishọna Iwu Ogbenye bụ ndị amaara na ha nwere echiche gbasara ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị yiri Thomas Malthus . Ndị otu ahụ boro ebubo na ekpochapụla akwụkwọ nta mbụ ahụ. 

Otu n'ime ndị mbụ ji akwụkwọ nta Marcus mee ka echiche nke ịgba izu megide ndị ogbenye na Radical na Chartist Circles bụ Reverend Joseph Rayner Stephens, onye na-akwado iguzogide ime ihe ike nye gọọmentị onye kwuru ọtụtụ ihe na-ezo aka na ebubo ebubo mgbe ọ na-eme njem gafee. obodo n'ime oge n'etiti December 1838 njide ya na nga 1839. 

Onye ndu Chartist Feargus O'Connor bipụtara akwụkwọ ndị a na *Northern Star* . &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Hụkwa

* *Amụma dị obi umeala* nke Jonathan Swift, edemede satirical na-atụ aro iri ụmụaka

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ihe odide zuru oke nke ''Akwụkwọ nke igbu ọchụ''
* Ihe odide ọzọ nke akwụkwọ ahụ
* Mmeputakwa n'ịntanetị na British Library
Kọmitii enyemaka ọha na eze

Otu **kọmitii enyemaka ọha na eze** (PAC  ), na UK, bụ otu n'ime ime obodo ka e wepụrụ bọọdụ ndị nlekọta na 1930  site n'aka Iwu Obodo 1929, mgbe ikike na ibu ọrụ ha maka enyemaka adịghị mma . ruo na ndị kansụl ógbè na ógbè, ma kagburu ụlọ ọrụ . Ndị kọmitii na-ahụ maka ọdịmma ọha na eze nọchiri PAC site na 1940; e merụrụ ha onwe ha site na 1948. 

## Edensibia