open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Mauro Bonaiuti

**Mauro Bonaiuti**, PhD, na-akụzi Ecological Economics na Master's on Socio-Environmental Sustainability na Solidarity Economy and Sustainability program na Mahadum Turin .  Ọ bụ onye nchoputa nke Italian Derowth Association na n'etiti ndị na-akwalite Italian Solidarity Economy Network.

N'ịbụ onye nwere ekele dị ka otu n'ime ndị ọkachamara a ma ama na nkà mmụta bioeconomics nke Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen, Bonaiuti bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke 'From Bioeconomics to Derowth' (2011), nchịkọta akwụkwọ nke Georgescu-Roegen bipụtara site na Routledge.

N'ịgbaso site na akwụkwọ ya gbasara akụ na ụba, Bonaiuti monograph kacha ọhụrụ bụ 'The Great Transition' (Routledge 2014). N'ịbanye n'echiche nke ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ndị dị ndụ na narị afọ nke iri abụọ, na karịsịa nyocha Joseph Tainter banyere ọdịda nke ọha mmadụ dị mgbagwoju anya, Bonaiuti na-ewepụta echiche ahụ na ọha mmadụ na-emepe emepe na-abanye, na karịa kemgbe 1970s, usoro nhazi. nke "nkwụghachi azụ azụ na-ebelata."

Nchọpụta nke Bonaiuti malitere na 2006 site n'ịchịkọta nnukwu ihe akaebe sitere na ngalaba dị iche iche. Ọ na-enye nkọwa izizi nke ihe akpọrọ ' secular stagnation ', ma ọ bụ, dịka mmadụ kpọkwara ya, 'njedebe nke uto'. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ iri site na Great Recession, n'agbanyeghị na ụjọ ahụ akwụsịla na ahịa ego amalitela ịmaliteghachi, a ka nwere ihe àmà doro anya nke nlọghachi na uto na West.

Dị ka e gosiri n'akwụkwọ ya, nke a na-adịghị ejikọta na nkịtị oscillation na aku na uba okirikiri, kama ọ bụ usoro na ọdịdị, na karịsịa ejikọrọ na-eto eto mgbagwoju nke na-elekọta mmadụ òtù (agha agha, bureaucracies, ahụike ọrụ, agụmakwụkwọ, nnyocha). . Bonaiuti na-ekwu na ọdịda ọdịda anyanwụ na-alaghachi na uto na-ejikọta ya na ọdịda nke mkpụrụ nke akụ na ụba ọhụrụ ya yana ịbawanye ọnụ ahịa ike na akụrụngwa. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, ọ bụ usoro nke bụ, site na okike, na-aga n'ihu na nke na-eme ogologo oge. Nke a ga-aga ịkọwa enweghị ike na adịghị arụ ọrụ nke usoro mmezi nke a nakweere ruo taa, ihe niile a mụrụ site na ụdị omenala nke amụma akụ na ụba.

## Na-arụ ọrụ

* 
* 

## Hụkwa

* Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen
* Thermoeconomics
* Ọganihu

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Cidade de Deus, Rio de Janeiro

Cidade de Deus  , Obodo Chineke ) bụ mpaghara azụ nke obodo Rio de Janeiro .  A mmasị ya dị ka CDD n'etiti ndị bi na ya.

E hiwere agbataobi ahụ na 1960, Guanabara steeti zubere ma gbuo ya dị iche nke nna nke kpochapu slums ( favelas ) na etiti Rio de Janeiro wee dozie ndị bi na mpaghara ahụ.
thumb| Onye isi ala US Barack Obama na-eleta Rio Cidade de Deus (Obodo Chineke) favela.  Favela a ahụmahụ dị ka ụlọ ọha wuru n'elu ala georgia na mpaghara isiokwu nke obodo ahụ

## Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ

* Mpaghara (2003): 1.2058&nbsp;km2 (0.4656&nbsp;m 2 ; 298 acres)
* Onu ogugu (2000): 38,016
* Ebe obibi (2000): 10,866
* Mpaghara nchịkwa: XXXIV - Cidade de Deus

## Na akwụkwọ na ihe nkiri
A mara n'asụsụ Bekee dị ka Obodo Chineke, Cidade de Deus bụ aha a na-akpọ 1997 semi-autobiographical novel site Paulo Lins, ihe dị ka ụmụ anụmanụ atọ na ndụ ha nke obere mpụ n'oge 1960s, 1970s na 1980s na  favela ebe Lins tolitere.  .  E ire nsụgharị Bekee nke Alison Entrekin na 2006. Fernando Meirelles (onye iwu nke The Constant Gardener and Blindness ) gbara akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ahụ na 2002 n'okpuru otu aha obodo nke Chineke, na ọtụtụ ihe nkedo sitere na favelas n'ezie na n  ' ụdị ụfọdụ, site na Cidade de Deus n'onwe ya.  Mgbe emechara ihe nkiri, ndị na-ahụ ihe nkiri otu na-ekwe nkwa inyere ndị mgbasa aka iwulite mkpa dị mma.  N'afọ 2004, ihe nkiri ahụ ikike nhọpụta anọ Academy Award maka cinematography, maka onye nduzi Meirelles, maka idezi na maka nhazi ihuenyo nke Mantovani.  N'afọ 2005, Time ndụ ya dị ka otu n'ime ihe nkiri 100 kasị ukwuu nke oge niile.  Ihe mkpado ahụ "Ọ bụrụ na ị na-agba ọsọ, anụ anụ na-ejide; ọ bụrụ na ị ite, anụ anụ na-eri nri", bụ ihe atụ nke English aphorism "Damned if you do, damned ma ọ bụrụ na  ị naghị eme ya".

## Ego obodo
N'afọ 2011, e ibu ego obodo a na-akpọ CDD maka iji naanị ya na Cidade de Deus, iji gbaa ndị bi na ya ume ka ha na-emefu ego na mpaghara, si otú a na-akpọ akụ na obodo obodo.  A na-akwado ego ahụ.  A na-edepụta ọnụ ahịa ya [1] ruo ihe dịka 20% dị elu ego mba, ezigbo Brazil

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga
 

* Cidade de Deus Web Portal (na Portuguese)
* Cidade de Deus na Google Maps
* N'ime Obodo Chineke - ihe ngosi mmịfe nke *New York Times*
* ''Obodo Chineke'' ihe nkiri ukara website
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Ndepụta nke favelas na Brazil

Nke a bụ ndepụta favelas na Brazil .  A na- okwu Portuguese a na Brazil.

## Minas Gerais

* Belo Horizonte
** Aglomerado na Serra
** Morro na Papagaio
** Acaba Mundo

## Santa Catarina

* Florianópolis
** Monte Cristo

## Rio de Janeiro

* Niterói
** Grota na Surucucu
** Morro na Estado
* Rio de Janeiro (maka ndepụta zuru oke, lee akụkọ WikiPedia Portuguese: ''Lista de favelas da cidade do Rio de Janeiro'' )
** Babilônia
** Benjamin Constant
** Cajueiro
** Cantagalo–Pavão–Pavãozinho
** Chacara na Céu
** Chapéu Mangueira
** Cidade de Deus
** Ihe mgbagwoju anya na Lins
** Complex na Maré
** Complexo do Alemão
** Santa Marta
** Jacarezinho
** Ladeira dos Tabajaras
** Mangueira
** Manguinhos
** Mineira
** Morro Azul
** Morro da Babilônia
** Morro na Borel
** Morro dos Cabritos
** Morro na Cantagalo
** Morro dos Macacos
** Morro na Providência
** Rocinha
** Salgueiro
** Serrinha
** Tavares Bastos
** Tuiuti
** Vidigal
** Vila na João
** Vigário Geral
** Vila Cruzeiro
** Vila Parque na Cidade
** Vila Pereira na Silva (Pereirão)

## Sao Paulo

* São Paulo (maka ndepụta zuru oke, lee isiokwu dị na WikiPedia Portuguese )
** Heliópolis
** Paraisópolis
** Vila Nova Jaguaré
** Rada (favela)
** Vietnam
** Favela na Alba
** Buraco Quente
** Morro na Piolho
** Azul
** Nega Rose
** Ụlọ Macario
** Mauro
** Mario Cardim
** Campinho
** Peri

## Pernambuco

* Recife
** Brasília Teimosa
** Vila de Deus
** Iraq
** Ilha das Cobras (favela), Recife
** Ilha Joana Bezerra
** Alto dos Milagres
** Suvaco na Cobra
** Linha do Metro - *(nke a makwaara dị ka Coque)*
** Tinye na Pulso
* Olinda
** Comunidade V8
** Ilha do Rato *(nke a makwaara dị ka Ilha do Santana)*
** Ilha na Maruim

## Bahia

* Alagados *(nke dị na Salvador)*

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta nke slums

## Ntụaka

* (in Portuguese) Secretaria Municipal do Habitat: List of Rio de Janeiro Favelas
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Nkọwa WELS

Atụmatụ **Labeling Water Efficiency Labeling and Standard (WELS)** bụ mmemme nchekwa mmiri ime nke obodo Australia .  [1] Ebumnobi ya bụ ibelata agụụ mmiri mmiri ọñụñụ site n'ịgwa ndị na-azụazụ maka ụmụ mma mmiri n'ebe a na-ere ere.

## Ngwaahịa kpuchie
Atụmatụ WELS na-edobe ike mmiri maka ngwaahịa ndị a na-ere na Australia:

* Mgbatị na ịsa ahụ
* Ụlọ mposi na urinal
* Ndị na-asa efere na igwe ịsa akwa
* Ndị na-ahụ maka mmiri

A Aha ịdebanye aha akara ndị a maka aha Australia ma tinye ya na ozi ọrụ ha mmiri mgbe a na-enye ha ere.

## Ihe akara WELS
thumb| Akara ọkwa mmiri WELS
Enwere akụkụ atọ na akara:

# Ngosipụta kpakpando dị n'elu na-egosi arụmọrụ mmiri nke ngwaahịa ahụ. Ka kpakpando na-abawanye, ka mmiri na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma.
# Ọnụego oriri mmiri dị n'etiti na-egosi oke mmiri eji.
# Aha ụlọ ọrụ na akara ikike WELS dị na ala. Ụlọ ọrụ a na-ahụ maka ịdenye ngwaahịa a.

## Hụkwa

* Ịrụ ọrụ mmiri
* akara akara ike

## Edensibia
Ebumnobi ya bụ ibelata agụụ mmiri mmiri ọñụñụ

## Njikọ mpụga

* Atụmatụ asambodo WaterMark
* Ụlọ gị
* Atụmatụ WELS
* WELS nchekwa data ngwaahịa
Favela: Afọ Iri Anọ nke Ibi na Edge na Rio de Janeiro

Favela: Afọ iri anọ nke ibi na Edge na Rio de Janeiro bụ akwụkwọ Janice Perlman nke Oxford University Press na 2010. [1] Ọ na-edekọ nke ọma ozi na ihe mere eme nke obodo kpalitere site na ikpe nke ụka  obodo na Perlman n'oge ọ bi n'ime obodo ndị gbara Rio de Janeiro gburugburu.  Onye edemede ahụ akụkụ nke ya mkpa ọha na eze n'ime obodo ndị a.

## Nkọwa okwu
*Favela* bụ ihe na-esote *akụkọ ifo nke Marginality* (1976) ka Perlman na-agba mbọ ịlaghachite usoro o mere ka o bi n'etiti ndị bi na favela n'etiti 1968 na 1969. Ọ na-akọ banyere ihe na-eme na Rio de Janeiro gụnyere loteamentos, nnukwu obodo nke squatter nke dị na mpụga ọdịda anyanwụ nke obodo ahụ; na conjuntos, nke e ji mara dị ka ụlọ simenti nke gọọmentị wuru iji nabata ndị bi na favela chụpụrụ. Ọ na-akọwa ahụmahụ ya na-eletagharị obodo na ndị ọ matara na mbụ, na-ekwu kpọmkwem ka ọnọdụ ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ siri gbanwee n'ime afọ 40 gara aga. Naanị ya nwere ike ịchọta na ịkpọtụrụ 41 pasent nke ndị 750 zara ajụjụ maka ọmụmụ ihe mbụ, na otu n'ime favelas atọ, Catacumba, ka ebibiri kpamkpam.

Perlman wepụtaziri ndepụta nke isi ihe iri, nke o tara na ọ bụ ndị kacha enye aka na oke mpụ ime ihe ike na Rio de Janeiro dabere na nlebanya onwe ya.  Enwere ike ịchịkọta ihe ndị a n'otu n'otu dị ka njikọ nke ahaghị nhata n'ụzọ zuru oke, ahịja ọgwụ na-enye nnukwu ego, ipirụ anya, ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi na-ekewa, na ndị uwe ojii arụ.  Perlman na-ekwu na ọnụ ọgụgụ, ndị a na-eme ihe na-tata ahụ na-ebuso "agha ndị ogbenye" ​​site na akara maka ndị na-ejide n'ọgba dị n'etiti ha.  Perlman pịa na ebe ọ bụ na oge aka ike ndị agha, ndị gbara ọnụ ọnụ 'kwenye na mkpa na ndaba nke ha onwe ha obodo aka toro exponentially;  otu o sila dị, egwu na egwu adalata n'otu ọsọ ahụ.  Ọzọkwa, ezigbo njikọ aka obodo a kọrọ ụrọghị na- agbanwe n'ime afọ 40.

## Nnabata dị mkpa
N'ịbụ onye na-ede maka akara nke May-June 2010 nke Foreign Affairs, Richard Feinberg kwuru na Perlman dere "na pasta, nkà na ndị isi, na-eji ndị na- akpali iji gosi isi ihe ndị na-egosi.  na ndị isi ọnụ ọgụgụ."  [1] A na-etokwa akwụkwọ ahụ n' akwụkwọ ndị Social Forces, ebe Alessandro Angelini gosi ya "ihe ịga nke ọma bara uru" nke mere ka ọ mara amara n'etiti ndị ọkà nke okwu obodo, ọ bụ ebe na Angelini.  katọkwara ụzọ Perlman, dịka ọmụmaatụ, gosiri, ike ikepụta ngwa igwefoto na nke ndị agha.  mmemme ndị ọha na eze n'etiti ndị na-eto eto na njirisi ndị ọzọ ụfọdụ ndebanye aha ndị ọhụrụ aka na ndị otu nhazi.

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Obodo El Salvador

thumb
Ezi Obodo Onye Nzọpụta bụ obodo mepere emepe, ebe obibi nke oke osimiri na ngosi Lima, Peru .  Ókè-ala akuku Chorrillos n'ọwuwa-anyanwu;  Oke osimiri Pasifik dị na ndịda egwuregwu;  Lurín na ndịda ndụ egwuregwu;  Villa María del Triunfo n'ebe egwuregwu yana San Juan de Miraflores n'ebe ugwu.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Villa El Salvador ahụ na 1971 dị ka ebe a na-adzọkpụ pueblo joven (ma ọ bụ obodo ebe a na-addorba ụgbọala ) na nnukwu ájá ájá na-akpa na ndị Lima n'ihi mkpa ụlọ ngwa nke ndị agha mba ọzọ  bụ ndị በቀላሉ sierra nke Central Peru.  Mwakpo nke ala mere ngwa ngwa mebere obodo nke mmadụ 25,000.  N'afọ 2008, ọ ruru mmadụ 350,000.  [1] Villa El Salvador, nnukwu obodo mepere emepe, na-hazi onwe ya nke ukwuu, nke ọka aha ụfọdụ.  N'ụzọ bụ́ isi site ná nko ndị bi na ya mere, e ikike ọkụ eletrịka, mmiri, na ikike n' ahụ.

Villa El Salva jere ozi dị ka ebe obibi maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri María Elena Moyano, bụ onye nyere aka hazie Federación Popular de Mujeres de Villa El Salvador (Fepomuves), otu ụmụ anụmanụ, nke toro na-agụnye ihe omume dị ka  kichin ọha na eze, kọmitii phomitii, na ike Vaso de Leche (nke na-enye eserese mmiri ara ehi), ọrụ iketa ego, na kọmitii maka alụ bụ isi.  Ndị otu ụzọ Shining gburugburu Moyano, bụ ndị ji Villa El Salvador dị ka ntọala na Lima.

amar June 1, 1983, Villa El Salvador ka edobere n'usoro (iwu № 23605) dị ka mpaghara n'ime mpaghara Lima .  N'afọ 1987, ndị obodo ahụiche onturu ugo Prince of Asturia iji kwado mmezu ya.  Villa El Salvador eji ese ya na Rezé, France na, aso 2006, ya na Tübingen, Germany .

## Ndị ọchịchị

### Ndị isi obodo

* 2019–2022: Kevin Íñigo Peralta.
* 2011–2014: Guido Íñigo Peralta.
* 2003–2010: Jaime Zea Usca .
* 1999–2002: Martin Pumar Vílchez.

## Ememme

* October: Onyenweanyi nke ebube

## Obodo ejima

* Arnhem in Gelderland, Netherlands
* Amstelveen in North Holland, Netherlands
* Tübingen in Baden-Württemberg, Germany

## Foto slum mere eme

## Hụkwa

* Ngalaba nchịkwa nke Peru

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* (in Spanish) Municipalidad de Villa El Salvador &#x2013; Villa El Salvador district council official website
* (in Spanish) Amigos de Villa &#x2013; Association of Friends of Villa El Salvador, Lima - Perú
* (in Spanish) PortalVES  &#x2013; District Portal Villa El Salvador, Lima - Perú
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Steinar Lem

**Steinar Henning Lem** (9 Mee 1951 – 28 Eprel 2009) bụ onye na-akwado gburugburu ebe obibi na Norway, onye ode akwụkwọ na ọnụ na-ekwuchitere Fremtiden i våre hender (Ọdịnihu Na Aka Anyị), ngagharị kachasị na Norway maka mgbanwe mmekọrịta ọha na eze zuru oke. Ọ katọrọ ọha mmadụ na-agbaso oriri ma lekwasị anya na uto akụ na ụba,  na ọdịiche dị na ego n'etiti ndị ọgaranya na ndị ogbenye nke ụwa.  Ọ kwadoro ichekwa ndị na-eri anụ nke ọma na Norway, dị ka anụ ọhịa wolf .  Lem nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 57 site na ọrịa kansa pancreatic na ụlọ ọgwụ Aker University dị na Oslo, ọnwa abụọ ka achọpụtara ya. Ọ nwere nwunye ya na ụmụ nwanyị abụọ, ọ dị afọ isii mgbe ahụ.  

## Environmentalism
Lem sonyeere The Future In Our Hands na 1970s, na-aga n'ihu otu nzukọ na-achọ ọnụ ahịa mmanụ ụgbọala dị elu, ụtụ isi dị elu na enyemaka na-abawanye na mba ndị na-emepe emepe.  Na 1994, ọ bụ onye mmegide siri ike na ntuli aka ndị otu European Union,  ma na 2000s, o kwuru na ya bịara ịkwado ndị otu Norwegian, ebe ọ na-eche na EU ka mma na-edozi nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi karịa ndị ọchịchị Norwegian.  Ọ katọkwara amụma mbata na ọpụpụ nke ndị ọchịchị Norway. N'ime izu ole na ole ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya, o kwuru na ya ga-achọkwu arụmụka ọha na eze banyere ọnwụ. 

## Odee
Lem gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Oslo maka nzere masta na akwụkwọ. Enyere ya Tarjei Vesaas' debutantpris maka akwụkwọ mbụ ya, *Signaler*, na 1973. 

### Akwụkwọ akụkọ

* *Ihe nrịba ama* - nchịkọta (1973)
* *Utenfor bymuren* - akụkọ dị mkpirikpi (1975)
* *Motlys* - akwụkwọ akụkọ (1977)
* *Grenseovergang* - akwụkwọ akụkọ (1979)
* *Bjørneboes menneskesyn na Frihetens øyeblikk* – akụkọ (1981)
* *Den tause krigen* (1994)
* *Det lille livet* (2005)

## Edensibia
François Partant

**François Partant** (1926 – 25 Juun 1987  ) bụ onye ọkpụkpọ akụ na ọnọdụ France.  Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị ọrụ mkparị mbụ nke derowth.  A maara ya maka otu n'ime akwụkwọ ya, The End of Development, nke e edi na 1982.

## Edensibia
Madinat El-Amal

Ezbet El Haggana/ Al-kilo arba'a wa nus (Ọkwa spelt, 'Izbit Al-Haggāna, Arabic عزبة الهجانة/ الكيلو أربعة ونص) bụ mpaghara 750-acre (315 HA) shiakha (ọnụọgụ ọnụ) na Nasr.  City West district, na mpaghara egwuregwu nke Cairo, Egypt .  Haggana bụ nnukwu ụlọ arụrụ n'onwe ya nke Mike Davis sere megaslum, n'ihi na e chere na ọ buru ibu, ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ dị elu na ngwaahịa bụ isi, [1] nwere okwu ụlọ dị ka mpaghara ndị ọzọ na-anya.  isi n'obodo ndị Egypt .

Ka onye isi ala Abdel Fattah el-Sisi gachara nke ahụ na February 2021, o isi mmalite aha obodo Madinat al-Amal (Obodo nke Hope, Arabic  ) n'ihi ọrụ mpaghara.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
N'ihe dị ka afọ 1930, ndị agha ahụ debere ndị nche nche nke camel ha (hajjana) na 4.5.  ebe dị kilomita na ụgbọ okporo n'okporo ụzọ Cairo- Suez .  [1] na-eduga n'aha Ezbet al-Haggana (Haggana Hamlet) na al-kilo arba'a wa nus .  N'ime ọtụtụ awụ, ụgbọ ahụ ahụ ebe obibi na-adịgide ka ndị agha ụlọ nwere otu ụlọ nwere nnukwu ụlọ nwere ikike ụlọ ( al-suwaysi ), mgbe Cairo n'ebe ụgbọ na 1960 site na iwu  nke mpaghara Nasr City na ala ala ahụ tọgbọrọ chakoo bara uru.  Ezigbo ala na ụlọ nke e squated na mbụ na 1970 ma nwee ike ngosi n'ime usoro ahụ anya nkesa na ire iwu iwu na-akwadoghị, naakpata-akpata na ụdị anụ ahụ na mpụta nke ihe ụfọdụ hụrụ 'mafia ala.'

Atụmatụ ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ maka Haggana dịgasị iche iche n'ime afọ n'etiti 30,000 na ọ bụ otu nde mmadụ.  Agbanyeghị, ọnụ ọgụgụ 2017 kachasị ọhụrụ na-etinye ya na mmadụ 86,195,  na-enye ya njupụta nke mmadụ 115 / acre (273 / ha, 27,363 / km2).

## Hụkwa

* Ụlọ na Egypt
* Obodo Nasr

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Christoph Deutschmann

**Christoph Deutschmann** (amụrụ 15 Nọvemba 1946 na Stuttgart ) bụ ọkà mmụta mmekọrịta ọha na eze German . Ugbu a, ọ na-eme prọfesọ na Mahadum Tübingen .

Deutschmann gụrụ sociology dị ka isi, na akụnụba na iwu dị ka ụmụntakịrị, na Goethe University of Frankfurt am Main, gụsịrị akwụkwọ (German Diplom ) na 1973 wee nweta PhD (German Dr. ) n'ebe ahụ na 1975. Site na 1976 ruo 1984, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nyocha nyocha na Institute for Social Research, ụlọ nke Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Frankfurt na Critical Theory . N'afọ 1987, ọ malitere na Social Sciences na Mahadum Goethe Frankfurt. Kemgbe 1989, ọ bụ prọfesọ maka Social and Behavioral Sciences na Tübingen .

Nchoputa ya kachasi n'ihe gbasara sociology nke aku na uba, na-eleba anya n'oru nke ego n'imeziwanye ihe na maka obodo ndi bara ọgaranya ; ọ na-akatọ ego dị ka okpukpe ọhụrụ nke ọha ego na ndị isi obodo . Deutschmann bụ onye na-akwado Keynesianism na-atụ aro imeri mkpa uto . 

## Ntụaka

* 

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ogige Ọkụ

Ogige Ọkụ bụ mmemme slum na Nairobi, Kenya akara site na Slum Dwellers International, bụ ebe ndị na-ebi n'ime ụlọ na-ekwe nkwa ezigbo ụlọ, ụlọ akwụkwọ, na ebe ndị obodo na-onye ego ego ọ lụba,  nakwụghachi maka ala ha na-akwagharị n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị.  maka afọ 30.

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Dominique Bourg

**Dominique Bourg** (amụrụ 11 Ọgọst 1953 na Tavaux ;  ) bụ onye ọkà ihe ọmụma France . Ebe ọ bụ na 2006, ọ bụ prọfesọ na ngalaba nke Geosciences na Environment nke Mahadum Lausanne ( Switzerland ). 

O nwere doctorate abụọ ma bụrụ ọkachamara nke gburugburu ebe obibi, mgbanwe ụwa, na mmepe na-adịgide adịgide .  O bipụtara ọtụtụ akụkọ na akwụkwọ ma soro na kọmitii dị iche iche metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi. 

## Na-arụ ọrụ
Dominique Bourg duruziri *La pensée écologique.* *Une anthologie* (n'ụzọ nkịtị "Ecological Thinking: an Anthology") na Antoine Fragnière (2014)  na *Dictionnaire de la pensée écologique* ("Dictionary of Ecological Thinking") na Alain Papaux (2015).   Ọ na-enyocha nke ahụ, "Eche echiche nke gburugburu ebe obibi na-eji nkatọ nke oge a, obi abụọ banyere ohere nke idozi nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi site na nkà na ụzụ na ịjụ nkewa n'etiti ụmụ mmadụ na ọdịdị".

Dị ka Bourg si kwuo, mgbọrọgwụ nke nsogbu zuru ụwa ọnụ (mmebi nke gburugburu ebe obibi) bụ ntinye nke ihe na ume (ejikọta ya na ịzụ ahịa ).  Ọ na-echekwa na n'ime iri afọ gara aga, ọganihu akụ na ụba mụbara ụbara akụ na ụba na enweghị ahaghị nhata akụ na ụba ka ọ na-eme ka mbibi nke ihe ndị sitere n'okike na gburugburu ebe obibi dịkwuo elu, ma na-emezughị nkwa ya inye ọtụtụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ mee ka ndị mmadụ nwee obi ụtọ. 

## Nkwanye ugwu

* Prix du « Promeneur solitaire » na 2003. 
* Onye isi nke National Order of Merit kemgbe 2004. 
* Onye isi ndị Legion of Honor kemgbe 2013 (Knight kemgbe 2001). 
* " Prix du livre gburugburu » nke Veolia Foundation na 2015, maka *Dictionnaire de la pensée* écologique ("Dictionary of Ecological Thinking").

## Ndị ọzọ
Dominique Bourg bụ akụkụ nke " Coppens Commission" bụ onye kwadoro French Charter for Environment nke 2004.

## Ihe ndetu na nrụtụ aka

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta nke ndị ọkà ihe ọmụma French

## Njikọ mpụga
* Ibe na webụsaịtị nke Mahadum Lausanne

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Erik Dammann

thumb
**Sir Erik Dammann** (amụrụ 9 Mee 1931 na Oslo ) bụ onye odee, onye na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na onye ọchịchị gọọmentị . A maara ya nke ukwuu maka ịtọ ntọala nzukọ nke Norwegian, Ọdịnihu dị n'Aka Anyị ( *Framtiden i våre hender* ).   N'afọ 1982, e nyere ya ihe nrite nke ziri ezi maka "ụkpụrụ na ụdị ndụ ndị ọdịda anyanwụ na-ama aka iji kwalite àgwà dị mkpa maka gburugburu ebe obibi na ụwa nke atọ". N'afọ 2011, Royal Norwegian Order of Saint Olav, bụ nsọpụrụ nkịtị kacha elu nke Norway nyere ya, kpụrụ ya.

## Akụkọ ndụ
Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ n'ime mgbasa ozi.

Akwụkwọ Dammann *The Future in Our Hands* welitere ajụjụ gbasara ọha na eze na gburugburu ebe obibi wee tinye ha n'ọnọdụ ka ukwuu karịa ruo mgbe ahụ ka a na-emekarị. N'ike mmụọ nsọ mmasị maka akwụkwọ a, na 1974 ọ butere *Framtiden i våre hender*, taa a n'ụwa dum nzukọ na iri atọ mmekọ òtù n'ụwa nile. Na 1978, nzukọ ahụ hibere The Development Fund ( *Utviklingsfondet* ). N'afọ 2003, The Development Fund guzobere otu mmekọ dabere na ntorobịa, Spire. 

A makwaara Dammann maka ọnụnọ ya n'àgwàetiti Samoa, nke akọwara n'akwụkwọ ahụ *na ụmụaka anọ nọ n'ụlọ nkwụ* (1968), nakwa maka ịmalite mmegharị Ọdịnihu Nhọrọ Project na Nzukọ maka Arụmụka Sistemụ. A akwụkwọ ya Behind time na *space* (1987) dị ka mmalite mmalite nke nkà ihe ọmụma ọgbọ ọhụrụ na Norway. Na mgbasa ozi na mmalite 70s o nyere aka ike na iwebata oroma “S” dị ka square na logo maka Co-op Norway.

Na 1982 ọ natara The Right Livelihood Award, "... maka ịma aka Western ụkpụrụ na si ebi ndụ iji kwalite a ọzọ ọrụ àgwà na gburugburu ebe obibi na nke atọ ụwa." Kemgbe 1988 Dammann abụrụla onye nnata nke onyinye gọọmentị ndụ. Asụgharịwo akwụkwọ ya gaa n'asụsụ itoolu.

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ

* 1966 *Truls na Tone the Magician, ihe egwuregwu n'ezie*
* 1968 *Mụ na ụmụ anọ nọ n'ụlọ nkwụ*
* 1972 *Ọdịnihu Dị n'Aka Anyị*
* 1972 *nkuchi?*
* 1976 *Ụzọ ndụ ọhụrụ, gịnịzi?*
* 1977 *Ndị otu ahụ na ebe nkewa* (ya na Jacob Bomann-Larsen)
* 1979 *Mgbanwe na obodo bara ọgaranya*
* 1980 *Ị kpebie!*
* 1981 *echiche efu*
* 1982 *Talofa Samoa!*
* 1987 *N'azụ oge na oghere*
* 1989 *Ego ma ọ bụ ndụ gị!*
* *A tọọrọ* 1998 (ya na Ragnhild Dammann)
* 2005 *dị iche iche, ihe ndekọ nke ndụ dị iche iche* (akụkọ ihe mere eme)

## Edensibia
ọrụ àgwà na gburugburu ebe obibi na nke atọ ụwa." Kemgbe 1988 Dammann abụrụla onye nnata nke onyinye gọọmentị ndụ.

## Ebe ndị ọzọ

* *The Big Norwegian One Volume Encyclopedia* Kunnskapsforlaget (Mbipụta Ọmụma. 2006) 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ihu peeji nke Ọdịnihu dị n'Aka Anyị
* Ihe nrite Ezi Ndụ

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Kohei Saito

Kohei Saito (斎藤 幸平, Saitō Kōhei) (born January 31, 1987) is a Japanese philosopher. He is an associate professor at the University of Tokyo. Saito works on ecology and political economy from a Marxist perspective. His book, *[[Isi obodo na Anthropocene|Capital in the Anthropocene]]*, has been credited for inspiring a resurgence of interest in Marxist thought in Japan.

## Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Shiba Junior & Senior High School (芝中学校・芝高等学校), ụlọ akwụkwọ nkeonwe na Tokyo, Saito gụrụ akwụkwọ na mbụ na Mahadum Tokyo (UT) ọnwa atọ wee wepụta onwe ya pụọ na UT iji debanye aha na Mahadum Wesleyan., Connecticut site na 2005 ruo 2009 dị ka onye nnata mmụta mmụta Eshia Freeman.   O mechara malite ọmụmụ ihe nna ya ukwu na Free University of Berlin na 2009, wee gụchaa doctorate na Mahadum Humboldt nke Berlin . 

Na 2016, Saito bipụtara akwụkwọ *Nature vs Capital.* *Marx's Ecology in his Unfinished Critique of Capitalism,* nke gbadoro ụkwụ na nhọpụta doctoral ya. N'ime ya, ọ na-arụ nrụgharị nke Karl Marx 's ecological critique of capitalism, nke ọ na-esetịpụ ọtụtụ ihe odide na ihe odide sitere na ala Marx. 

Saito jikọtara Mpịakọta 18 nke Nkeji anọ nke Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe, nke e bipụtara na 2019. Ọrụ na akwụkwọ a mekwara ka akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, nke ọ dechara na Humboldt University of Berlin . Andreas Arndt bụ onye ndụmọdụ ya nke doctoral. N’afọ 2017, e bipụtara ụdị akwụkwọ ya n’asụsụ Bekee, na 2020, otu Japan Society for the Promotion of Science nyere ya ihe nrite JSPS maka ya. Ọzọkwa, na 2018 Saito meriri Deutscher Memorial Prize for Marxist Research nke aha ya bụ Isaac Deutscher,  na-ejide ihe dị iche iche dị ka onye Japan mbụ na nke ọdụdụ iji nweta ihe nrite ahụ. 

Saito mechara bụrụ ọkà mmụta nleta na Mahadum California, Santa Barbara, na site na 2017 ruo March 2022 ọ bụ onye prọfesọ na-akpakọrịta na Mahadum Osaka Metropolitan . Emere ya onye prọfesọ osote na Mahadum Tokyo na Eprel 2022. 

Mpịakọta ya nke 2020 bipụtara *Capital in the Anthropocene* ghọrọ onye na-ere ahịa na-atụghị anya ya na Japan, na-ere ihe karịrị 250,000 ka ọ na-erule Mee 2021,  ahịa nke ruru ihe karịrị 500,000 ka ọ na-erule etiti 2022.  

Na February 2023 o bipụtara *Marx na Anthropocene: Towards the Idea of Derowth Communism* .  Ebipụtala ntụgharị asụsụ bekee nke “mmepe akwụkwọ ntolite” ya n'isi n'afọ na-esote. 

## Mbipụta (ahọpụtara)

* *[https://monthlyreview.org/product/karl_marxs_ecosocialism/ Karl Marx's Ecosocialism: Isi obodo, ọdịdị, na nkatọ a na-emechabeghị nke akụ na ụba ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị]*, Nyochaa kwa ọnwa, 2017.
* Capital in the Anthropocene , Shueisha, 2020.
* *Marx na Anthropocene.* *Maka echiche nke Derowth Communism* , Cambridge University Press, 2023.
* *Ji nwayọọ nwayọọ: Ngosipụta Derowth*, Penguin Random House, 2024.

## Hụkwa

* Anthropocene
* Isi obodo

## Edensibia

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Yves Cochet

**Yves Cochet** (; amuru 15 February 1946) bu onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị France, onye otu Europe Écologie – The Greens . Ọ bụ onye ozi na gọọmentị Lionel Jospin . Na 6 Disemba 2011, a họpụtara ya onye otu nzuko omeiwu Europe (MEP). 

Ọ gụrụ mgbakọ na mwepụ wee bụrụ onye nkuzi na Institut National des Sciences Appliquées nke Rennes na 1969. Na June 1971, na-emekọ ihe ọnụ na Maurice Nivat, ọ nwetara PhD maka nyocha ya na « Sur l'algébricité des classes de certaines congruences définies sur le monoïde libre ».

## Edensibia

## Mbipụta

* Yves Cochet na Maurice Nivat, " Une généralisation des ensembles de Dyck », *Israel Journal of Mathematics*, vol. 9, nº3, Septemba 1971, p. 389–395  .
* *Sauver la Terre* (avec Agnès Sinaï), éd. Fayard, Paris, 2003  .
* *Petrole apocalypse*, ed. Fayard, Paris, 2005  .
* *Antimanuel d'écologie*, ed. Bréal, Rosny-sous-Bois, 2009  .
* 
* 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Media related to Yves Cochet at Wikimedia Commons
* Homepage (archived)
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
GROWL

**GROWL** bụ netwọk agụmakwụkwọ mba ụwa maka ọdịda nke ndị agụmakwụkwọ, ndị ọrụ, ndị nyocha na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị hibere.  Otu ebumnuche bụ isi nke netwọkụ ahụ bụ ịkwalite mmekọ ọnụ n'ofe atụmatụ metụtara mmebi (dịka obodo Transition, agroecology, Solidarity Economic, DIY n'etiti ndị ọzọ "nowtopias"  ), iji belata atomization na mgbasa nke atumatu na-egbochi ha. ikike ibuli elu ma weta uzo ozo siri ike maka usoro onodu aku na uba kachasi. 

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
GROWL tọrọ ntọala na 2013 site na iri na-abaghị uru, nyocha na ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ dị elu n'okpuru nhazi nke nyocha nyocha & Derowth . Ejiri ca. akwado wulite netwọkụ a. Onyinye €200000 sitere na mmemme Grundtvig maka oge n'etiti Ọgọst 2013 na Julaị 2015. 

Na 2014, mbụ mba thematic ọmụmụ weere ọnọdụ:

* Akụkụ mmekọrịta nke agroecology
* Ịdị n'otu & Akụnụba Nkwekọrịta
* Akụrụngwa nke uche
* Nhọrọ akụ na ụba mpaghara

## Nkà ihe ọmụma
Netwọk ahụ na-apụ na nkwenye nke nnukwu adịghị ike nke ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ nke oge a  n'inye ihe ọmụma zuru oke na nkà chọrọ iji kpachapụ anya dozie nsogbu nke oke na uto na itinye aka na mgbanwe maka ọganihu post na ọha mmadụ na-adịgide adịgide . 

Netwọk ahụ na-adabere na ntọala usoro ihe omume nke mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na echiche nke mmụta ndị ọgbọ dabere na obodo nke omume . 

## Edensibia
Kirjava "Puolue" - Elonkehän Puolesta

**Kirjava "Puolue" - Elonkehän Puolesta** ( **KiPu** ; Swedish  ) bụ otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Finnish  tọrọ ntọala na 1988, nke a kacha mara amara maka njikọ aka ya na Pertti "Veltto" Virtanen . Ọ bụ otu akụkụ nke Green Movement, nke a na-anọchite anya Green League ugbu a na nzuko omeiwu. Virtanen gara n'ihu gbanwee nkwenye na Finns Party wee họpụta ya ọzọ maka okwu abụọ na 2007 na 2011.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Aha mbụ sitere na 1992 bụ **Vihreät** (The Greens), wee bụrụ **Ekologinen puolue Vihreät** (Ecological Party the Greens) wee bụrụ **Kirjava Puolue** na 1998.

Naanị MP otu ahụ nwere bụ Virtanen na 1995–1999. N'afọ 2003, e wepụrụ pati ahụ n'akwụkwọ ndebanye aha pati mgbe ha na-enwetaghị ndị omeiwu na ntuli aka abụọ na-esochi.

Otu ahụ kwadoro mbelata na ịjụ ịbụ onye Finnish n'òtù akụ na ụba ụwa ọ bụla; Ya mere, EU, WTO, GATT, IMF na World Bank . Ọ na-emegidekwa ihe owuwu ọhụrụ, chọrọ ibelata oriri ike na ịgbachite ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ. Kama, ọ tụrụ aro na ịkọ ugbo kwesịrị ịbụ isi ihe eji ebi ndụ.

## Edensibia
Pat Capponi

**Patricia Ann Capponi**, OOnt CM (Julaị 1, 1949 - Eprel 6, 2020) bụ onye ode akwụkwọ Canada na onye na-akwado okwu ahụike uche na okwu ịda ogbenye na Canada.

## Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
Pat Capponi na Montreal .  Ọ gara Dawson College na Sir George Williams University . 

## Ọrụ

### Ime ihe
 Capponi jere ozi dị ka onye otu bọọdụ na Center for Addiction and Mental Health dị na Toronto, dị ka onye otu nwa oge na bọọdụ nke Consent and Capacity Board yana onye so na Kọmịshọna Advocacy na Ontario.  Capponi bụ onye nkwado nke mmeri "Site na Surviving to Advising" nke Center for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) mere.  Mgbaka ahụ kpọ ekiri ndị na-azụ-ndịaị lanarịnụ na ndị bi na-azụ maka mgbaka iji kwe ka ndị nwere ike dị ndụ soro ndị bi na ya ndị ọrụ iji echiche ọhụrụ nke mgbake.  "Ndị, ndị nwere ikike ndụ, ga-agbagha ọchịchị dị ugbu a," Capponi ndị ọchịchị.  "Ụmụ ga- ikwu ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe, anyị ga-anwa anwa eziokwu anyị ika mgbe ndị nche ọnụ na ndị na-enweta ọkwa ha na ọrụ ha n'obodo anyị na-agọnahụ anyị ikike ikwu okwu, ụgbọ aka, // fotopụta usoro nke na-ekwe nkwa ha. ọrụ na ego ogbenye anyị na-aga n'ihu."

Ruo ọtụtụ iri awụ nke ndị ụkwụ ụkwụ na onye ndu, a hụrụ Capponi onye otu Order of Ontario na 1993, yana onye otu Order nke Canada na 2015. 

### Na-ede
 Edemede Capponi pastọ ọtụtụ aha ogbunigwe ifo na usoro akwụkwọ omimi.  Akwụkwọ ise mbụ ya, ụlọ n'elu ụlọ dị elu na Crazy House (1992) na Beyond the Crazy House (2003), na-akọ akụkọ ya na ụlọ ọgwụ psychiatric na ebe obibi obibi, ma nwee echiche ya maka imeziwanye ndokwa maka  ndị na-azụ aha.  [1] Akwụkwọ nke abụọ ikpeazụ ya, Ikpeazụ Stop Sunnyside (2006) na The Corpse Will Keep (2008) bụ ihe omimi na- 55 mgbaàmà na mpaghara Parkdale Toronto, ebe Capponi bi. ) [2] [2] [3] O dekwara mapụta akwụkwọ akwụkwọ, The Cuckoo's Nest, ma-abụ mmemme ihe mpaghara, Cuckoo's Nest Cable.

## Ndụ onwe onye
Capponi kwagara Toronto mgbe ọ dị afọ 18, ka ọ gbanarị n'iche ezina-ebu ya na-akparị ya, [1] [2] wee nwee nnukwu ụlọ ọgwụ psychiatric ebe ahụ.  Capponi bụ mmetụta n'ihu ọha.  [3] [4] Nwanne ya Diana Capponi kwagara Toronto, wee sị onye yiri nke ahụ, ya na ndị ibe ya lanarị mmetọ na riri ahụ, tupu ọ shafa na 2014. [5] Achọpụtara Pat Capponi nwere ọrịa kansa akpa ume na  2019, wee sị site na ndị na-eme mgbe ọ dị afọ 70, na 6, 2020, n' ọgwụ ọgwụ Toronto.  [6] [1] Na vidiyo nke ọma, ọ gbara ndị na-ege ya ume ume ka ha "na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe gị, ọrụ na usoro ahụ, azụ azụ, nyere ndị na- ọrụsi ike ịhụ anya ma.  egwu ndị."

## Ihe nrite

* Usoro nke Ontario (1993)
* Usoro nke Canada (2015) 
* Ihe nrite mmeri nke ndụ, CivicAction Leadership Foundation (2018) 
* Onyinye CM Hincks sitere na Association Health Mental Health Association

## Akwụkwọ ndị ahọpụtara

* *N'elu ụlọ na Crazy House* (1992) 
* *Ozi sitere na ahịrị ịda ogbenye* (1997) 
* *Agha n'ụlọ* (1999) 
* *Ejide ọrụ : na-eso ndị uwe ojii Canada na-aga ije (* 2000) 
* *N'ofe ụlọ Crazy: na-agbanwe ọdịnihu nke ara* (2003) 
* *Ikpeazụ Stop Sunnyside* (2006)  
* *Ozu ga-edebe* (2008) 

## Ntụaka


## Njikọ mpụga

* Weebụsaịtị odee
* HarperCollins Canada
* Vidiyo ụgbọala na-adọkpụ maka *Ikpeazụ Stop Sunnyside*
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
ArtHeart Community Art Center

ArtHeart Community Art Center ma ọ bụ naanị ArtHeart bụ akụrụngwa sitere na Regent Park nke na-achọ "inye ebe mepere emepe na-akwado nke na-eji nka na- echiche echiche, ikike na onwe na iche."  Na 2016, ArtHeart bụ nke onye okike ya na ụlọ ihe ngosi akwa nke Canada na ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara anọ ndị ọzọ na-eji akpa-eme ka ọ gbaa okwu okike ume ma kuziere ndị n'ihe ize ndụ ma ọ bụ  obodo nchekwa.

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* http://www.artheart.ca/
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Ndepụta nke otu obodo Regent Park

Enwere otu obodo dị iche iche na mpaghara Regent Park, Toronto, Ontario, bụ ndị na-agbasi mbọ ike n'ịkwalite ezi echiche nke obodo na nnochite anya obodo, yana n'ịchụso ndụ dị elu.

* Nkwado obodo 416 maka ụmụ nwanyị - Ọrụ nchịkwa ikpe
* ArtHeart Community Art Center
* Centre Communautaire Africains Francophones
* Akwụkwọ ụmụaka Canada
* Nne na nna maka mmalite ka mma
* Regent Park Community Health Center
* Regent Park Community Center
* Ndị otu Regent Park Bangladesh Community Association
* Kọmitii Regent Park Khaddim
* Ụmụ nwanyị na Ezinụlọ Regent Park
* Regent Park Focus Youth Media Arts Center
* Ememe ihe nkiri Regent Park
* Regent Park Community Food Center
* Ndị ntorobịa Regent Park
* Otu Regent Park African Women's Group
* Salvation Army Corps 614
* Ndị ọrụ South East Asia
* Toronto Council Fire National Cultural Center
* Ụlọ alakụba Umar Bin Khattab
* WATCH (Okwu, Omume, echiche, agwa na obi) - UofT Community Service Club na-arụ ọrụ iji gbanwee RP
* Toronto Christian Resource Center
* Regent Park Community Health Center
* Yonge Street Mission
* Ụlọ Nzukọ Dixon
* Ebe ndị ọrụ South East Asia
* Lead2Peace
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Regent Park Focus Youth Media Arts Centre

Regent Park Focus Youth Media Arts Center bụ otu ihe nchekwa na Toronto, mpaghara Regent Park nke Ontario .  [1] Amalitere na 1990 na njikọ Toronto's Centre for Addiction and Mental Health na Gọọmenti Ontario, otu ahụ na-enye mmemme oku mgbasa ozi maka ndị n'agbataobi, [1] mmemme na amị na redio, foto, ike  akwụkwọ ozi, mgbasa ozi ọhụrụ na akara akara.

Igwe redio nke otu ahụ na-ahụ usoro redio kwa izu, Catch da Flava, nke e debere na mgbasa ozi na redio Toronto CKLN-FM .  Ka Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission kagburu ikike mgbasa ozi CKLN na 2011, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bufere ọrụ ya na Regent Park Focus, [1] na-aghọ obere ọrụ redio ịntanetị tupu ọ ọrụ na-adịgide adịgide na Disemba.  [2] Regent Park Focus mechara kwụsị ọrụ onye nọchiri anya Regent Regent na Jenụwarị 2012.

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Regent Park Focus Youth Media Arts Center
* Regent Regent
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Okporo ámá Oak

Farewell Oak Street bụ 1953 Canadian docudrama akara ihe nkiri, nke Grant McLean duziri maka National Film Board of Canada (NFB).

Ihe nkiri a, nke bụ nke usoro NFB's Canada Carries On, bụ ihe dị ka 1940s nke ụlọ Oak Street gbadara agbadata na mpaghara Cabbagetown Toronto, na-akwado ụlọ Regent Park ọhụrụ.  [1] A na-aakọ ndị ahụ site na ndị sitere na Lorne Greene, iji ihe nkiri na-eme ihe nkiri, na ihe ngosi nke mpaghara mpaghara ndị na-agbanwe maka mma site na ọrụ ahụ.

Igwe redio nke otu ahụ na-ahụ usoro redio kwa izu, Catch da Flava, nke e debere na mgbasa ozi na redio Toronto CKLN-FM .  Ka Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission kagburu ikike mgbasa ozi CKLN na 2011, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bufere ọrụ ya na Regent Park Focus, [1] na-aghọ obere ọrụ redio ịntanetị tupu ọ ọrụ na-adịgide adịgide na Disemba.  [2] Regent Park Focus mechara ikpeazụ onye ọrụ onye nọchiri anya Regent Regent na Jenụwarị 2012.

Ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara nlebara anya ọzọ na mbido 2010s mgbe emegharịrị Regent Park ọzọ, n'ihi na nsogbu mmekọrịta ọha na eze na-aga n'ihu n'ime obodo dị iche megide akụkọ ihe nkiri ahụ nwere oke nchekwube nke na nrụgharị mbụ agha gachara ga-edozi ha. 

## Nkedo
 

## Ihe nrite

* 6th Canadian Film Awards, Montreal : Canadian Film Award for Best Theatric Short Short, 1954 
* Ememme Ihe nkiri Golden Reel, Council Council of America, New York: Nkwenye nke Merit, 1955
* International Congress of Housing and Town Planning, Vienna : Nrite mbụ, 1956 

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
* Watch Farewell Oak Street on the NFB website

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
The Stairs (ihe nkiri 2016)

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|250x250px| Ndị ọrụ ihe nkiri, IFFI (2017)
The Stairs bụ ihe nkiri akwụkwọ akụkọ Canada nke Hugh Gibson, na 2016. [1] Ihe nkiri ahụ, nke ahụ na 2016 Toronto International Film Festival, na-adabere na ndị na-eso ụzọ na ndị ọrụ nke StreetHealth, ụlọ ọgwụ na-abụ ụlọ ahụ ahụ.  na mpaghara Regent Park nke Toronto .

A gbara ihe nkiri a n'ime afọ ise. 

Ihe nkiri ahụ meri ihe nrite maka ihe nkiri Canada kacha mma na Toronto Film Critics Association Awards 2016 .  [1] Ọ bụ onye ikpeazụ maka ihe nkiri akwụkwọ kacha mma, mana emerighị.

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* 

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Invisible City (ihe nkiri)

Invisible bụ ihe nkiri akwụkwọ akụkọ 2009 nke Hubert Davis dere gbasara ụmụ nwoke ojii Canada nọ n'ihe ize ndụ na mpaghara Regent Park nke Toronto .  Davista afọ atọ na-ese ihe nkiri ụmụ nwoke na awụ ikpeazụ ha nke ụlọ akwụkwọ .

Isi isiokwu nke ihe nkiri a bụ Kendell na Mikey, ụmụ akwụkwọ na Nelson Mandela Park Public School .  [1] Obodo a na-ahụ ahụ anya na-agba ọsọ mgba ha na mgba na ike na omume, na echiche nke ihe efu.

Emepụtara obodo a na-ahụ ahụ anya site na Foto ụlọ ọrụ/Shine Films na fim ya na National Film Board of Canada .

Obodo a na-ahụ ahụ anya ihe nri nri akwụkwọ ndị kacha mma nke Canada na 2009 Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival .  [1] [2] N'ịkpọsa nri ya, ndị juri Festival Hot Docs kwuru:

 

Ihe nkiri ahụ meghere ihe nkiri na Royal Theater na Toronto na February 2010, tupu tupu na TVOntario .

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Official website
* 
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Rude (ihe nkiri)

Rude bụ ihe nkiri mpụ Canada nke 1995 nke Clement Virgo duziri na mpụta mpụta ntụzịaka ogologo ya.  E taka ya na ngalaba Un Certain Regard na 1995 Cannes Film Festival, [1] tupu enwee ihe ngosi Canada ya na 1995 Toronto International Film Festival dị ka ihe nkiri mmeghe nke mmemme Perspectives Canada.

## Atụmatụ
Tọọ na Toronto, Ontario, [1] ihe nkiri ahụ na-akọtọ atọ dị iche iche mana ndụ Black Canadian na mpaghara Regent Park dara ogbenye nke obodo ahụ.  [2] Otu na-ahụ anya na "The General" ( Maurice Dean Wint ), onye na-ere ọgwụ na- , ndị na-enwetaghachi ndụ ya site n'ọnụ nke nwanne ya nwoke Reece ( Clark Johnson ) mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya n'ibu  nlekọta;  otu center na Jordan ( Richard Chevolleau ), onye na-akụ ọkpọ na-amu amu nke kwenyesiri ike na ọ ga-ekere òkè na mmekọ nwoke na-ama egwuregwu nke na-amanye ya ka ọ imeri mmekọ nwoke na-eche nke onwe ya;  Ebe nke atɔ dị na Maxine ( Rachael Crawford ), ihe nke enyi ya nwoke ogologo oge tụfuru n'oge na-adịbeghị anya mgbe ọ gbasịrị ite ime .  [3] Akụkọ atọ a ọnụ site na olu Rude ( Sharon Lewis ), jockey diski maka ụlọ ọrụ redio pirate na mpaghara.

## Nkedo

* Maurice Dean Wint - General
* Rachael Crawford - Maxine
* Clark Johnson - Reece
* Richard Chevolleau - Jordan
* Sharon Lewis - Rude (dị ka Sharon M. Lewis)
* Melanie Nicholls-Eze - Jessica
* Stephen Shellen - Yankee
* Gordon Michael Woolvett - Ricky
* Dayo Ade - Mike
* Dean Marshall - Joe
* Ashley Brown - Johnny
* Andy Marshall - riri ahụ
* Obere Williams - Curtis

## Mmepụta
Rude bụ ihe nkiri izizi nke ndị na-eme fim Clement Virgo na Damon D'Oliveira ibu mgbe ha zutere ma chepụta echiche nke ihe nkiri ahụ na ebe obibi ihe nkiri Canada na 1991. [1] Emepụtara site na imeri foto ọdụm site n'  akụkụ nke Canadian Film Centre, [2] Rude bụ ihe mbụ dị egwu Canada nke otu ndị ojii na-ede, njikere ma duzie ya.  [3] A na-eto ya, yana Soul Survivor, ka ọ na-ebute ihe nkiri Black Canadian ọhụrụ aesthetic.

## Ihe nrite
Na TIFF, ihe nkiri ahụ ngosi aha sitere na ndị juri maka ihe nrite ihe nkiri Canada kacha mma .

Ihe nkiri ahụ anya nhọpụta pụta Genie Award na 16th Genie Awards na 1996, maka Foto kacha mma, Best Director (Virgo), Best Supporting Actor (Johnson), Best Support Actress (Crawford), Best Screenplay (Virgo), Cinematography kacha mma (  Barry Stone).  ), Ndezi kacha mma ( Susan Maggi ) na akara izizi kacha mma ( Aaron Davis na John Lang ).

## Mweghachi
Na 2017, Technicolor, Toronto na Montreal we ike nkiri ihe nkiri ahụ, n'okpuru akwụkwọ nke Virgo na onye na-ebe Damon D'Oliveira .  [1] Ntugharị ewe akwado eweghachi na ngalaba Cinematheque nke 2017 Toronto International Film Festival .

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Gidas Umbri

**Gidas Umbri** (amụrụ 31 Ọktoba 2001) bụ okporo ụzọ, tali na onye na-agba ịnyịnya, onye na-agba ọsọ ugbu a maka ndị otu UCI Continental Team MBH Bank Colpack Ballan .  Ọ gbara asọmpi na 2020 UEC European Track Championship na otu nchụso, ebe ndị otu Italy mechara nke abụọ.

## Nnukwu nsonaazụ

; 2020
: Nke abụọ15x15pxNchụso otu, UEC European Track Championship
: Nchụso otu nke abụọ, 2019–20 UCI Track Cycling World Cup, Milton

## Edensibia
Nchụso otu nke abụọ, 2019–20 UCI Track Cycling World Cup, Milton

* Gidas Umbri at ProCyclingStats
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Egwú nke Oge Obi Ike

Ballad of Hard Times ( French  ) bụ ihe nkiri akwụkwọ ahụ Canada, nke Richard Boutet na Pascal Gélinas duziri wee pụta ya na 1983. [1] Ihe nkiri ahụ na-edepụta mmepụta nke nnukwu ike mba n'obi na Quebec  site na nsogbu nke ndị lanarịrị oge ahụ;  ihe nkiri ahụ na-ahụ aha ya site na egwu egwu egwu ndị Quebec na-ewu ewu Depression-era, egwu egwu La Bolduc . 

Ihe nkiri ahụ fim Prix L.-E.  -Ouimet-Molson sitere na Association québécoise des critiques de cinéma, [1] wee nata nhọpụta ngwaahịa onyogho Genie maka akwụkwọ ozi ogologo oge kacha mma na 5th Genie Awards na 1984.

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Doodh peeti

**Doodh peeti** bụ ụzọ e ji egbu ụmụ nwanyị ebe mmiri na-eri ụmụ agbọghọ amụrụ ọhụrụ n'ime pails ma ọ bụ olulu mmiri ara ehi ( *doodh* ). Ọ bụ gọọmentị Britain chọpụtara na na Rajasthan, ndị mmadụ na-emikpu ma na-eri ụmụ agbọghọ amụrụ ọhụrụ na mmiri ara ruo mgbe ha nwụrụ. Omume a juru ebe niile na Saurashtra na Kutch nke India .    Nkebiokwu a bụ okwu nkwulu pụtara n'ụzọ nkịtị "nri mmiri ara ehi".  

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
N'oge ọnụ ọgụgụ na 1805, ndị ọrụ Britain ahụghị ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụmụ agbọghọ na ezinụlọ Jadeja Rajput nke mpaghara Kutch na Kathiawar .  Ebipụta nke 11 nke Encyclopædia Britannica (1910) kwuru n'okpuru isiokwu *Infanticide* na usoro a bụ ụfọdụ Rajputs mere iji zere ịkwụ ụgwọ nwa ma emechaa. Ọ chọpụtara na mgbe ụfọdụ Rajah na-akwụ ihe karịrị £  dị ka ego nne.  Onye Britain bi na Baroda Colonel Walker, siri ọnwụ machibido omume ahụ mgbe ya na Rajputs nọ na mpaghara na-edebanye nkwekọrịta. Otú ọ dị, omume ahụ gara n'ihu ruo ná ngwụsị narị afọ nke 19. 

## Hụkwa

* Kuri-mar
* Ogbugbu ụmụnwanyị na India

## Edensibia
karịrị £ dị ka ego nne.  Onye Britain bi na Baroda Colonel Walker, siri ọnwụ machibido omume ahụ mgbe
Iwu Mgbochi Mgbukpọ Ụmụ nwanyị, 1870

**Iwu mgbochi mgbochi ụmụ nwanyị, 1870**,  bụkwa **Act VIII nke 1870** bụ iwu iwu emere na British India, iji gbochie igbu ụmụ ọhụrụ ụmụ nwanyị. Nkeji 7 nke iwu a kwupụtara na ọ dabara na mbụ naanị na mpaghara Oudh, North-Western Provinces na Punjab, mana iwu nyere Gọvanọ General ikike ịgbatị iwu na mpaghara ma ọ bụ mpaghara ọ bụla nke British Raj n'uche ya. . 

## Ederede
 
Ndị ọchịchị na-achị Briten gafere *Iwu Mgbochi igbu ụmụ nwanyị 1870*, n'okpuru nrụgide nke ndị ozi ala ọzọ nke Ndị Kraịst na ndị na-eme mgbanwe mmekọrịta ọha na eze na-achọ njedebe nke igbu ụmụ nwanyị na mpaghara India . Okwu mmalite nke iwu ahụ kwuru na a kwenyere na igbu ụmụ ọhụrụ ndị inyom na-emekarị n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke British India, na ndị a bụ Oudh, North-Western Provinces na Punjab.  Iwu ahụ etinyere na mpaghara ndị a na mbụ. 

Iwu nyere ikike ịmepụta ndị uwe ojii iji nọgide na-edebanye aha ọmụmụ, alụmdi na nwunye na ọnwụ, iji mee ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mpaghara ahụ na uche ya, manye ụtụ isi pụrụ iche na mpaghara iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka mmefu na ntụrụndụ nke ndị uweojii kwuru.  Iwu ahụ nyekwara iwu mkpọrọ ọnwa isii ma ọ bụ nra puku rupee iri atọ, ma ọ bụ ha abụọ, maka onye ọ bụla nke nupụrụ isi ma ọ bụ gbochie ndị uwe ojii na-eme iwu ahụ.  Nkeji 6 nke iwu nyere onye uwe ojii ohere ijide nwatakịrị n'aka onye ọ bụla ọ na-enyo enyo nwere ike ileghara ma ọ bụ tinye nwa nwanyị ọ bụla n'ihe ize ndụ, yana ịmanye ịnara onye ahụ ego kwa ọnwa. 

## Ọkwa dị ugbu a
Iwu ahụ dị n'ọrụ ruo n'afọ 1981 na Pakistan, mgbe iwu kwadoro ya. 

## Ihe ndetu
karịrị £  dị ka ego nne.  Onye Britain bi na Baroda Colonel Walker, siri ọnwụ machibido omume ahụ mgbe
Ndị bi n'Osimiri Kattawapiskak

Ndị mmadụ nke mgbasa Kattawapiskak bụ ihe nkiri akwụkwọ 2012 nke Alanis Obomsawin na-egosi n'ime Attawapiskat First Nation, nke na October 2011, sere-egosi n'ihi na nchekwa nchekwa maka ụlọ ụlọ, ma ike na ọha na  eze.  amụma n'oge iwe Idle No More .

 Obomsawin nọ na obodo na 2011, na-arụ ọrụ na fim ọzọ maka National Film Board of Canada, Hi-Ho Mistahey!  , okwu mgbe gbasara ụlọ ruru mba.  [1] Ihe nkiri ahụ na-esote nsogbu ahụ ruo na ekpere ikpe Federal Court of Canada na August 2012 nke ihe nhọpụta nke onye njikwa nke atọ iji dozie ụlọ ụlọ ezi.  [2] Na mgbakwunye na ọnọdụ ịse ihe nkiri na obodo na ịgba ndị bi na ya onye ọnụ, Obomsawin na-akọ mmetụta obodo ahụ, nke akụkọ na 1850 nke ndị ozi ala ọzọ ụlọ wuru ụlọ ekpere n'ala ahụ.

Obomsawin ekwuola na ya na-eji aha "Kattawapiskak" n'ọnọdụ Attawapiskat na fim na aha ya n'ihi na o kwenyere na ọ bụ aha obodo. 

## Hapụ
Obomsawin na-ebu ụzọ lelee ihe nkiri ya na mpaghara obodo, omume nke ọ gara n'ihu na Ndị mmadụ nke ike Kattawapiskak .

 Ihe ngosi ihe nkiri a mere n'ihu mmeghe nke 13th imagineNATIVE Film + Media Arts Festival na Toronto, na Obomsawin, Chief Theresa Spence, Onye omeiwu Charlie Angus, na ndị otu obodo Attawapiskat bịara. 

E mechara mechara ya na Nọvemba 11, 2012, dị ka ụdị nke Rencontres internationales du documentaire de Montréal .  [1] Site na Jenụwarị 11 ruo 18, 2013, National Film Board wesara ihe nkiri ahụ n'efu na webụsaịtị NFB.ca ya.

Na Machị 4, 2014, ihe nkiri ahụ ikike Donald Brittain maka mmemme mgbasa ozi ọha na eze / ụzọ esi kacha mma na 2nd Canadian Screen Awards .

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Official website
* Full Film
Òtù:Ịda ogbenye
Renzo Palmer

**Renzo Palmer** (20 Disemba 1930 &#x2013; 4 June 1988) bụ ihe nkiri Italiantali, ihe onyonyo na onye na-eme ihe nkiri. Ọ pụtara na ihe nkiri karịrị 60 n'etiti 1957 na 1988.

## Ndụ na ọrụ
Amụrụ na Milan dị ka **Lorenzo Bigatti**, Palmer bụ nwa nkuchi nke ogbo omee Kiki Palmer (nke sitere na, amụrụ Giulia Fogliata, o ketara aha ogbo ya). Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị ọmụmụ iwu ya,  ọ rụrụ arụ na 1955 na redio, mgbe a hụrụ ya na nyocha maka ndị ọbụ abụ, wee rụọ ọrụ afọ abụọ na Companylọ Ọrụ Prose nke "Radio Roma".    Na 1957 Palmer mere ihe ngosi telivishọn ya na *L'avaro*, nke Vittorio Cottafavi duziri ; N'otu afọ ahụ, o mekwara ihe ngosi izizi ya na Piccolo Teatro dị na Milan, na revue *I pallinisti* .   Site na mgbe ahụ, ọbụna na-aga n'ihu na-egosi na prestigious ogbo ọrụ ọ bụ telivishọn mesiri ya obi ike na-ewu ewu na ọkachamara afọ ojuju, n'ihi na ọtụtụ ihe ịga nke ọma telivishọn fim na TV usoro nke o starred.  

Palmer bụkwa onye na-eme ihe nkiri dị iche iche, na-arụsi ọrụ ike na commedia all'italiana na n'ụdị ihe nkiri poliziotteschi .  Ọ bụkwa onye mgbasa ozi redio na telivishọn, na onye na-eme ihe nkiri na-ewu ewu.  Ọ nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa kansa na Milan na 58.

## Filmografii ahọpụtara
 

## Edensibia
mmadụ nke ha so na ya" maka ọdịmma nke mbara ala, nke ndị na-emepe emepe, na ndị na-arịa ọrịa, nrụgide, na oke ibu. ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
* Renzo Palmer at AllMovie
Ụzọ Na-eduga n'Ọdịda Na Mba Ndị Mepere Ukwuu

" **The Path to Derowth in the Overdeveloped Countries** ", nke Erik Assadourian dere, bụ isi nke abụọ nke Worldwatch Institute 's *State of the World* (2012),  dị n'ịntanetị n'efu. 

N'isiakwụkwọ ya nke akụkọ ahụ, Assadourian na-akọwa mbibi dị ka atụmatụ akụ na ụba "dị mkpa na ngwa ngwa" ịchụso na mba ndị gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ na mmepe mmepe (dị ka United States ) ka mba ndị ahụ nwee ike ịkwado n'ezie ma kwekọọ na " Ụwa na-ekpo ọkụ ngwa ngwa. na ndakpọ nke ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi ." Ọzọkwa, ọ na-atụ anya ịchụpụ "akụkọ ifo ahụ bụ na ịchụso ọganihu ebighị ebi dị mma maka akụ na ụba ma ọ bụ ọha mmadụ nke ha so na ya" maka ọdịmma nke mbara ala, nke ndị na-emepe emepe, na ndị na-arịa ọrịa, nrụgide, na oke ibu. ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na mba ndị mepere emepe. Assadourian na-arụ ụka site na ụkpụrụ nke plenitude na mmebi ga-apụtarịrị ma anyị chọrọ ya ma ọ bụ na anyị achọghị n'ihi na - na mbara ala nke akụ nwere oke - akụ na ụba na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ enweghị ike itolite n'enweghị njedebe, mba ndị mepere emepe ka na-achụso ọganihu akụ na ụba na iribiga ihe ókè .

Assadourian na-akọwapụta amụma anọ mba mepere emepe nwere ike were rụọ ọrụ nke ọma iji kwado nkwekọrịta akụ na ụba a haziri ahazi na nke a na-achịkwa iji nwetaghachi n'usoro n'usoro mbara ala. Nke ọ bụla n'ime ihe ndị a, n'otu ọnụ, ga-emecha kwalite imepụta akụ na ụba steeti kwụ ọtọ nke dabara na oke ụwa:

* Belata oriri zuru oke site n'aka ndị na-eri ihe
* Kesaa ibu ụtụ isi n'ụzọ ziri ezi
* Kekọrịta oge ọrụ ka mma
* Zụlite akụ na ụba plenitude : "na-eme ka" ụfọdụ akụkụ nke akụ na ụba

## Hụkwa
 

## Edensibia
mmadụ nke ha so na ya" maka ọdịmma nke mbara ala, nke ndị na-emepe emepe, na ndị na-arịa ọrịa, nrụgide, na oke ibu. ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ederede n'uju nke "Ụzọ na-aga n'ihu na mba ndị mepere emepe"