Christo Coetzee

**Christo Coetzee** (24 Machị 1929 - 12 Nọvemba 2000) bụ onye South Africa assemblage na onye na-ese ihe Neo-Baroque nke nwere ijikọ chiri anya na ndị na-ese egwu nke Europe na Japan n'oge 1950s na 1960s. N'okpuru mmetụta nke onye na-ahụ maka nka Michel Tapié, onye na-ere ihe osise Rodolphe Stadler na onye na-anakọta ihe osise na onye na na-ese foto Anthony Denney, yana otu Gutai nke Japan, ọ mepụtara ọrụ ya n'akụkụ nke ndị na-ese ihe nwere mmetụta siri ike site na Tapié's Un Art Autre (1952), dị ka Georges Mathieu, Alfred Wols, Jean Dubuffet, Jean Fautrier, Hans Hartung, Pierre Soulages, Antoni Tàpies na Lucio Fontana.

## Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ
A mụrụ Christo Coetzee na 24 Machị 1929 na 54 Biccard Street, Turfontein, Johannesburg na Josef Adriaan Coetzee Na Francina Sofia Kruger (1888-1964) (onye kwuru na ọ bụ onye ikwu nke Onye isi ala Paul Kruger). Ezinụlọ ahụ anọwo na-arụ ọrụ ugbo na mpaghara Colesberg, mana ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na mbelata ego nke ọtụtụ ụmụ nwoke na ugbo ezinụlọ Coetzee, Strydpoort, manyere ha ịchọ ego na akụ na ụba na-egwupụta ihe na Witwatersrand oge ụfọdụ tupu a mụọ Christo. Nna Christo mepụtara ọnọdụ akpa ume a na-akpọkarị phthisis nke ndị na-egwupụta ihe n'ala wee kwaga na ụlọ ọrụ na-ewu ụlọ, ebe nkà maka ise ihe pụtara ìhè. Christo ga-emecha kwuo na ọ bụ nna ya mere o ji nwee nkà nka, ọ bụkwa nne ya mere o jikwa nkà azụmahịa ya. Nna Christo nwụrụ na 1939 ma nne ya na ụmụnne ya nwanyị abụọ, Gertruida (afọ 20 tọrọ ya) na Johanna (afọ 16 tọrọ ya) zụlitere ya. 
Christo gara ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị Parkview wee bụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Parktown Boys, ebe ọ ghọrọ nwa akwụkwọ nka na-anụ ọkụ n'obi.  N'afọ 1946 ruo 1950 ọ gara Mahadum nke Witwatersrand (Wits), ebe ụmụ akwụkwọ ibe ya bụ Larry Scully, Cecil Skotnes, Esmé Berman, Nel Erasmus, Ruth Allen (Furness), Gordon Vorster, Anna Vorster na Gerda Meyer (Eloff). Ya na Scully, Skotnes, Vorster na Erasmus, ọ ga-abụ akụkụ nke otu a na-akpọ Wits, otu ndị na-adịghị mma nke a maara nke ọma maka ọrụ ha na-esote karịa ka nkà ihe ọmụma aesthetic ọ bụla na-ejikọta ọnụ.

Na Wits, Christo mepụtara ihe ịchọ mma na ejiji maka mmepụta ihe nkiri. Ndị nkuzi nwere mmetụta bụ Charles Argent, Maria Stein-Lessing, Heather Martienssen, na Marjorie Long, onye ga-aghọ nwunye mbụ ya.

Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Wits na akara ugo mmụta nke nkà na 1951, Christo Coetzee mere ihe ngosi ihe ngosi nke mbụ ya na January nke afọ ahụ.  Onye isi South Africa National Gallery John Paris meghere ihe ngosi a, ma gosipụta ya na ụdị Victorian daguerrotype

## Ọrụ na njem

### London, 1951-1955
Nkà mmụta Wits kpọgara ya na London na 1951 ka ọ gụọ akwụkwọ na Slade School of Art n'okpuru Prof. William Coldstream.  N'afọ sochirinụ, Coetzee na Marjorie Long lụrụ na Hammersmith, London wee gaa Spain maka ezumike ezumike nke ọtụtụ ọnwa n'obodo Benidorm dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri dị na Alicante.  Mgbe ọ laghachiri South Africa, ọ nọrọ ọnwa isii ọzọ na London, tupu ya alaghachi Johannesburg ná mmalite 1953. 
áká_èkpè|thumb|Pompeian Lobster, ca.1954, mmanụ na hardboard, 120 x 120 cm&nbsp;
N'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ malitere ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ nkịtị, nke mbụ maka okporo ụzọ ụgbọ oloko South Africa, emesia na Wits, ihe ngosi nke obere eserese mmanụ na Lawrence Adler Gallery dị na Johannesburg mere ka ọ dị ndụ nwa oge.  Mmasị nke onye na-ere ihe osise Cape Town Louis Schachat gbagoro na ọ ghọrọ ọrụ ya inweta ọrụ Christo site n'oge a na ihe ngosi 1951.  Na 6 Nọvemba 1953, Coetzee na-aga London ọzọ, nke agụụ njem nke ga-eduga na nbibie nke alụmdi na nwunye ya na Long.  Ọ gaghị esokwa ya ọzọ ná mba ọzọ.

N'oge a na-enweghị onye nkwado, ọ were ọnọdụ nchịkwa na ụlọ ọrụ ụtaba, mana ọ hụrụ na ọ dị mkpa. Ọ jụrụ ajụjụ na Gimpel Fils, ebe Peter na Ernest Gimpel (ụmụ nwanne Lord Duveen) tụrụ aro ka ha nọrọ n'ọkwa na azụmaahịa Robert Savage, ebe, n'ezie, Coetzee chọtara ọnọdụ ka mma. Ọ bụ n'oge a ka o wegara ihe osise nye Gillian Ayres na Artists' International Association (AIA), onye n'aka nke ya gosiri ya onye na-ese foto na onye na-emepụta ejiji Anthony Denney, onye zụrụ ihe osise ahụ ozugbo maka £ 12.

Denney kpọrọ Coetzee ka ọ bịa nri abalị n'ụlọ ya na St Peter's Square 30, Hammersmith, ebe ọ hụrụ eserese ya n'elu ọrụ Antoni Clavé.  Ọ bụ mmalite nke enyi ogologo ndụ.  Na 1954 Christo welitere ọnụ ụlọ n'ụlọ Denney, na-eji eserese na-akwụ ụgwọ ụlọ.Denney nwere ihe dị ka ọrụ iri site n'oge a.

Anthony Denney mere ndokwa ka Coetzee gosipụta ya na Hanover Gallery na Machị 1955. Ụlọ ngosi ahụ nwere aha ọma maka igosi ndị na-ese ihe na ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'oge a gụnyere Francis Bacon, Graham Sutherland, Alberto Giacometti, Lucian Freud, William Scott na Henry Moore. Nke a bụ ihe ngosi mbụ ya na mba ofesi, na mberede n'otu afọ ahụ ka Richard Hamilton ga-enwe solo mbụ ya na gallery, nke Erica Brausen na-agba n'oge ahụ ma Max Aitken, nwa Lord Beaverbrook, kwadoro ya n'ụzọ ego. Loelia, Duchess of Westminster hụrụ usoro ahụ.

Ihe ngosi Coetzee nwere eserese 51 na ihe osise dị ndụ.  Dị ka Coetzee si kwuo, Denney kwụrụ £ 100 maka lobster Pompeian na obere eserese na-ere na £ 50 ọ bụla.  Na 26 Ọktoba 2011, Bonham's, ụlọ ịre ahịa, rere otu n'ime ndị a, akwa Fabergé, sitere na nchịkọta Max Aitken, nke Le Roux Smith Le Roux zụtara n'aha ya maka £13,750 (gụnyere ego onye zụrụ ya).  [2]  Ndị ọzọ zụrụ ahịa bụ Sandy na Bunny Roger, ndị zụrụ ọrụ abụọ (nke Sotheby's rere na 1998), na Elizabeth David.

### Ịtali, Jenụwarị 1956 - Eprel 1956
N'afọ 1956, Coetzee na onye Australia bụ Sidney Nolan  natara bursary site n'aka gọọmentị Ịtali, site n'enyemaka nke Kansụl Britain, maka ọnwa anọ na Ịtali. Site n'akwụkwọ ozi mmeghe sitere n'aka Erica Brausen nye Pavel Chelitchew, ọ gawara Frascati na Jenụwarị nke afọ ahụ. Ọ zutere Alberto Burri na Rom, gaa Rome Quadriennale, ma hazie ịzụta Tutto Nero nke Burri maka nchịkọta Anthony Denney. Mgbe e mesịrị, na njem ala nsọ, ọ gara Peggy Guggenheim n'ụlọ ya na Venice ma cheta ọnụ ụzọ ámá iko na ígwè nke onye America na-ese ihe Claire Falkenstein.

### Paris, 1956-1959
thumb|Ihe osise Yellow, 1957, mmanụ na nchịkọta, 182 x 91 x 11 cm, Jan du Toit Collection&nbsp;
Onye France na-ese ihe Georges Mathieu gara leta Anthony Denney na London, ma hụ otu n'ime ihe osise Coetzee, kpọrọ onye na-ese ya ka ọ bịa Paris ma gaa Galerie Rive Droite iji zute onye nwe ya Jean la Carde. Mgbe Coetzee rutere Paris, ọ zutere Mathieu ma mee ka ọ mata Michel Tapié nke Céleyran. Tapié ga-eweta mmetụta nke nka na-abụghị nke a na-ahụ anya na ọrụ Coetzee.
áká_èkpè|thumb|Untitled, 1957, mmanụ n'elu ákwà, Jan du Toit Collection
N'oge na-adịghị anya, Jean la Carde kpebiri ịlụ di ma mechie ụlọ ngosi ahụ. Site na agbamume sitere n'aka Denney na Tapié, Coetzee kwagara na Galerie Stadler ọhụrụ, nke Rodolphe Stadler guzobere na 51 Rue de Seine otu afọ tupu mgbe ahụ. Ụlọ ngosi ihe nkiri ahụ nyere ndị na-ese ihe ya ego, bụ ndị a chọrọ ka ha nye ihe osise maka ihe ngosi mgbe niile. Coetzee guzobere ụlọ ọrụ ya na 4 Rue de l'Hotel Colbert, n'ime ụlọ dị n'okpuru ala, wee nọrọ na 5 Rue de Lille, n'elu ụlọ, ha abụọ nọ na 7th arrondissement na Left Bank.

N'afọ 1958, Coetzee's Crespian (1957), ihe osise mgbakọ, gụnyere na Pittsburgh International Exhibition of Contemporary Painting and Sculpture, tinyere ndị na-ese ihe dị ka Joan Mitchell, Conrad Marca-Relli, Édgar Negret, Maurice Wyckaert, Kelly Nassolls, Kelly.  , Alexander Calder na Richard Diebenkorn.

Coetzee ghọrọ onye bịara na salon Thursday nke Marie-Louise Bousquet, nwunye onye na-eme ihe nkiri Jacques Bousquet na onye nchịkọta akụkọ Harper's Bazaar na Paris ruo afọ 50. N'ebe a, Coetzee zutere onye na-ese ihe Dutch Karel Appeal, Annabel Buffett, nwunye na muse nke Bernard Buffet na onye na-ere ihe nkiri Charles Vessey.

Coetzee chọtara enyi dị mkpa na onye nke Aileen Hennessy, onye nketa cognac, onye nwere ụlọ na 1 rue Gît-le-Cœur na 6th arrondissement, naanị nkeji 7 site na ụlọ ọrụ ya. Aileen bụ onye na-ese ihe nke na-eso Coetzee gaa n'ụlọ ngosi ma kpọọ ya ka ọ bịa nzukọ ndị ọ kwadoro n'ụlọ ya na Seine. Ndị bịara ga-abụ nwanne nwanyị Aileen bụ Scheilagh na Alice DeLamar, onye nketa nke akụ na ụba Joseph Raphael De Lamar, onye nwere ụlọ n'otu ụlọ ahụ. N'afọ ndị sochirinụ, nwanne Aileen, Francis Hennessy, ga-eleta Coetzee na Tulbagh, South Africa.

Na 17 Machị 1959, Coetzee sonyeere Lucio Fontana na ngosi ọrụ ya na Galerie Stadler. N'oge a, Solange de Noailles, Duchesse d'Ayen, onye nchịkọta ejiji nke French Vogue, kwadoro nri ehihie na ọtụtụ ndị na-anakọta ọrụ ya n'ọdịnihu. Ndị otu ahụ gụnyere onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na onye na-achọ ime ụlọ mma Victor Grandpierre, Marie-Hélène de Rothschild na Tom Kernan, onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke Maison & Jardin.

### Japan, Febụwarị  1959 - Maachị  1960
Enyere Coetzee akwụkwọ ego gọọmentị Japan maka afọ abụọ ọmụmụ ihe na Osaka na Tokyo, site na nzizi nke British Council mere.  Akwụ ụgwọ nkwado ego ahụ kpamkpam na 1959. Francis King, mechara bụrụ onye edemede a na-akwanyere ùgwù, rụrụ ọrụ na British Council na Kyoto ma bụrụ onye njikọ Coetzee. 
áká_èkpè|thumb|Christo Coetzee (n'aka nri) na Michio Yoshihara, Osaka (1959)
Mgbe ọ bịarutere na Febụwarị 1959,  prọfesọ J. Ijimi nke Mahadum Kyoto kpọgara ya n'òtù ndị na-ese ihe Gutai. Coetzee nwetara ihe ọmụma banyere otu ahụ site n'aka Michel Tapié ma n'oge na-adịghị anya zute onye guzobere Jiro Yoshihara na nwa ya nwoke Michio Yoshihara. Ọ ga-anọ ọnwa iri na otu na-arụ ọrụ na ndị omenkà Japan a dị mkpa.

Coetzee na-eme njem ugboro ugboro na Tokyo, ọbụna na-ewere ihe nkiri ebe ahụ.  Ọrụ a kwụsịrị na ihe ngosi nke ọrụ Informel na Minami Gallery, Tokyo na October 1959.[1]  Na Tokyo o zutere onye na-ese ihe Takako Idemitsu na di ya Tono, onye nkatọ nka.

Ndị otu Gutai kpọrọ ya ka ọ gosipụta ya na Takashimaya Gallery na Osaka na 1960. O mere nke a site na 20 ruo 24 Jenụwarị 1960, site na mmeghe nke Francis King. N'afọ 1976, Coetzee nyere ihe osise Gutai iri na otu, tinyere akwụkwọ Gutai Pinacotheca,  na Mahadum Johannesburg. 

Otu n'ime ihe osise Coetzee sitere n'oge a bụ Butterfly lighting in a diamond (1960) ka Philip Johnson zụrụ na Stadler Gallery maka $ 1,000, wee zigara ya ozugbo na MOMA maka 1961 The art of assemblage show  nke nwere ndị na-ese ihe 140, gụnyere Braque, Dubuffet, Marcel Duchamp, Picasso, na Kurt Schwitters n'akụkụ ndị America Man Ray, Joseph Cornell na Robert Rauschenberg.  Coetzee ga-eleta Johnson na Glass House ya a ma ama na New Canaan, Connecticut na 1962.

Coetzee hapụrụ Japan na March 1960 maka ihe ngosi solo na Swertzoff Gallery na Boston, onye na-anọchi anya onye na-ese ihe nkiri Bruce Conner, mgbe ahụ ihe ngosi otu na Martha Jackson Gallery na 32 East 69th Street, New York. Akụkụ abụọ ahụ na-egosi New Media,  Ụdị Ọhụrụ na Mgbasa Ozi Ọhụrụ - Ụdị Ọhụrụ: Ụdị II sitere na 6 ruo 24 June 1960 na site na 28 Septemba ruo 22 Ọktoba 1960 n'otu n'otu.  Version I, nke Coetzee so na ya, gosikwara Antoni Tàpies, Jean Arp, Alberto Burri, Alexander Calder, John Chamberlain, Joseph Cornell, Jim Dine, Jean Dubuffet, Dan Flavin, Jasper Johns, Allan Kaprow, Yves Klein, Louise Nevelson  , Claes Oldenburg na Robert Rauschenberg.

### Paris, 1961-1965
thumb|''Na Arcadia Ego'', 1964, 195 x 130 cm, mmanụ n'elu ákwà&nbsp;
Ihe ngosi nke mbụ nke Christo Coetzee na Galerie Stadler meghere na ngwụcha Jenụwarị 1961 ma, n'ọnwa Eprel 1961, a na-eme ihe ngosi nke onwe na Lawrence Adler Gallery, Johannesburg na Galerie d'Arte del Naviglio, Milan. N'oge a, Anthony Denney na onye mmekọ ya bụ Alex Collins nwetara ọrụ site n'aka onye isi ụgbọ mmiri bụ Basil Mavroleon iji mepụta ime ụlọ ụgbọ mmiri ya bụ Radiant II.

N'otu afọ ahụ, mgbe ọ na-aga oriri nke Rosamond Bernier, onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ L'Oeil, ọ rapaara na igwe mbuli elu ya na onye mmebe Elsa Schiaparelli.  Ha malitere mkparịta ụka ghọrọ enyi na Schiaparelli nyere ọrụ eserese iji kwalite senti ya S. The eserese e mesịrị nyere mpako nke ebe, n'elu steepụ, n'ụlọ ya na 22 Rue de Berri na asatọ arrondissement nke Paris

N'afọ 1962, Coetzee's Celestial Doors (1961), onye diptych nke e gburu na okpokolo agba nke ọnụ ụzọ aluminom abụọ, bụ ihe ngosi na ngosi Antagonismes 2 : L'Objet, Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Palais du Louvre, Paris, Machị 7 - Eprel 19.  François Mathey chepụtara, yana gụnyere ọrụ ndị nka dịka Yves Klein na Dorothea Tanning.

N'afọ 1962, Coetzee natara nleta studio site n'aka Danie van Niekerk nke Rembrandt Group iji nye ọrụ maka Turmac Tobacco Company na Zevenaar, Netherlands. Alexander Orlow malitere nchịkọta a na 1960 ma were ndị ndụmọdụ a na-akwanyere ùgwù iji duzie nnweta. N'oge nnweta Coetzee, onye nduzi Stedelijk Museum Willem Sandberg bụ onye ndụmọdụ nnweta. A ga-akpọ nchịkọta ahụ Peter Stuyvesant Collection, na, na 1994 gbanwere aha ya na BAT Artventure Collection.

E mere ihe ngosi nke abụọ nke ọrụ Neo-Baroque site na 22 Ọktoba ruo 18 Nọvemba 1963 na Galerie Stadler. Michel Tapié de Céleyran nyere mmeghe nke ihe ngosi ahụ ọzọ na foto na-egosi Anthony Denney, Duchesse d'Ayen na Aileen Hennessy na-abịa.

### Finestrat, Spain na Tulbagh, South Africa
N'afọ 1965, a manyere Coetzee ịhapụ ụlọ ọrụ ya na Rue de l'Hotel Colbert n'ihi atụmatụ iji weghachite ụlọ ahụ. Enyi ya Anthony Denney nwere finca (ụlọ) dị nso n'obodo ugwu nke Finestrat na Spain. Na mbido afọ 1956, Denney na Coetzee gara Salvador na Gala Dalí na Port Lligat na Cap de Creus peninsula. N'ịbụ onye na-eche ihu na ụlọ ọrụ ya, Coetzee zụrụ ụlọ na Finestrat, Spain wee biri ebe ahụ. Mgbe ọ bi na Spain, ya na Imme Reich na Frederico Van Ankum ghọrọ enyi ma gosipụta ya na Galeria Arrabal na Callosa d'En Sarrià.

Ọ na-etinyekwa oge dị ukwuu na obodo ya, dị ka ihe ngosi a na-emekarị na-egosi]  N'oge nleta dị mkpirikpi na South Africa, e kpebiri igosi ihe ngosi ọrụ ya na Pretoria Art Museum site na December 1965 ruo January 1966, nke Albert Werth chepụtara.  Ngụkọta nke ihe atụ 77 nke ọrụ ya, na-agbatị afọ 17 ka e gosipụtara. 

Na Mee 1966 enyi Coetzee bụ Ludwig Binge nwụrụ n'ọrịa obi na Pretoria. Coetzee kpọrọ nwunye ya di ya nwụrụ, Ferrie Binge, ileta ya na Spain n'afọ na-esote. Anthony Denney kpọrọ otu akwụkwọ ahụ. Ọ gara nleta na June 1967, ha mechara lụọ na Gibraltar na 5 March 1968. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ ga-eke oge ya n'etiti Spain na South Africa. N'ọnwa Ọktoba nke afọ ahụ, e gosipụtara ọrụ ya na Cape maka oge mbụ n'ime afọ iri na asaa, na Stellenbosch.
áká_èkpè|thumb|240x240px|Nsọpụrụ nye Balla, 1975, 67 x 79 cm, gouache na akwụkwọ&nbsp;
Na 1975 Christo Coetzee batara n'oge ọhụrụ n'ọrụ ya, emesịkwara kpọọ ya dị ka usoro ngagharị iwe ma ọ bụ usoro ihe omume nke ụfọdụ ndị nyocha. Na Jenụwarị 1975, ihe ngosi nke ọrụ ya meghere na gallery nke South Africa Association of Arts (Western Cape).  N'ehihie na-esote, Coetzee laghachiri na gallery ma bechapụ ihe osise iri abụọ na atọ ka ọ bụrụ nkewa.  Nlebanya na-adịghị mma nke ihe ngosi ya na akụkọ akụkọ banyere onye na-ese ihe bụ Christo, onye ọrụ ya bụ Coetzee maara nke ọma mgbe ọ nọ na Europe kpalitere omume ahụ.  Na 7 Febrụwarị 1975, Coetzee nyere nkuzi gbasara omume na South African Association of Arts, Cape Town, na-akọwapụta omume mbibi ya na ọnọdụ ọrụ ọ rụrụ na 1950s wee kpọọ ya omume Gutai.  Na Mee 1975, e gosipụtara ọtụtụ eserese ndị a kpụrụ akpụ na Mahadum Rand Afrikaans (nke bụ Mahadum Johannesburg ugbu a) Gencor Gallery.  Coetzee kwughachiri okwu ihu ọha banyere usoro ndị metụtara ọrụ ya.

N'ụbọchị na-esote abalị mmeghe na South African Association of Arts (Northern Transvaal) na Pretoria na 1978, Coetzee ji ágbá ojii gbochie ọrụ, mana a gwara ya ka o jiri ákwà plastik ojii kpuchie ọrụ ụfọdụ iji chekwaa ndị mbụ. Ọzọkwa, n'abalị mmeghe nke ihe ngosi nke ọrụ Ferrie Binge-Coetzee na Potchefstroom na 1983, Coetzee zụrụ ihe osise, bepụ ya ma kesaa ya na ndị na-ege ntị, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ gwara ndị na-ekiri ka ha rie ọrụ ahụ. Ọ bụ ihe na-ezo aka na Daniel Spoerri's Eat Art dị ka ụdị mkpesa nka. 

## Afọ ndị sochirinụ na ihe nketa
thumb|242x242px|The Perfect One, 1994, 122 x 122 cm, mmanụ na panel&nbsp;
Enyere Christo Coetzee nzere South Africa Academy for Science and Arts Medal of Honor maka 1983.N'otu afọ ahụ, Mahadum Potchefstroom mere ihe ngosi ncheta, yana nlegharị anya na Pretoria Art Museum.  E mere ihe ngosi nke ọrụ ya na Taipei Fine Arts Museum na Taiwan na 1985. N'afọ 1999, e mere nnukwu nlegharị anya na Stellenbosch, South Africa.

Onye omenkà ahụ dabara n'ọrịa cancer colorectal na 12 Nọvemba 2000 na Tulbagh, South Africa. Ụlọ Coetzee, ihe ncheta mba nke malitere na 1796, ka eweghachiri ya, yana ọba ụlọ ọ na-eji dị ka ụlọ ihe nkiri, ma meghee dị ka Christo Coetzee House Museum and Gallery na August 2011.Enyere mkpokọta Coetzee nke ihe dị ka 2600 ihe d′

ection, nke onye na-ese ihe nwere ihe osise 193 nwere.[3]

art n'aka Mahadum Pretoria Art Collection, nke onye na-ese ihe nwere ihe osise 193 nwere.

## ngosi ọrụ

* Standard Bank, Ebe kachasị mma bụ Knife's Edge, 2018
* Mahadum Pretoria, Retrospective, 2010
* Sasol Kunsmuseum, Stellenbosch, *Christo Coetzee 70*, 17 Eprel 1999 - 27 June 1999
* Taipei Fine Arts Museum, Taiwan, *Ihe ngosi nke ihe osise Post-modern nke Christo Coetzee*, 5 Ọktoba 1985 - 20 Ọktobe 1985
* Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie Pretoria, Pretoria, *Ihe ngosi Nlegharị anya (1965-1983) *, 1983
* Mahadum Potchefstroom maka CHE, Potchefst room, *Ihe ngosi Ncheta*, 1983
* Òtù nka South Africa (Northern Transvaal), Pretoria, 1978
* South African Association of Arts (Western Cape), Cape Town, Jenụwarị 1975
* Galerie Connoisseur, Northcliff, Johannesburg, 1 Febụwarị 1973 - 15 Febụwarụ 1973
* Goodman Gallery, Johannesburg, Eprel 1971
* Goodman Gallery, Johannesburg, February 1969
* Pretoria Art Museum, *Christo Coetzee*, 1 Disemba 1965 ruo 2 Jenụwarị 1966
* Galerie Stadler, Paris, *Ihe osise nke Coetzee*, 22 Ọktoba 1963 - 18 Nọvemba 1963
* Museum of Modern Art, New York, The Art of Assemblage, 1961
* Galerie Stadler, Paris, *Coetzee*, 24 Jenụwarị ruo 20 Febụwarị 1961 
* Takashimaya Gallery, Osaka, *Coetzee: Ihe ngosi nke Gutai Art Association gosipụtara*, Jenụwarị 1960
* Minami Gallery, Tokyo, October 1959
* Galerie Stadler, Paris, Christo Coetzee, 17 Machị 1959
* Pittsburgh International Exhibition of Contemporary Painting and Sculpture, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 5 Disemba 1958 ruo 8 Febụwarị 1959
* Hanover Gallery, London, Christo Coetzee, 17 Machị ru*Christo Coetzee*
* ID Booksellers, Cape Town, Christo Coetzee, Jenụwarị 1951 

## Nnukwu nchịkọta
A na-etinye ọrụ Christo Coetzee n'ọtụtụ nchịkọta: 

### Mba Nile

* Beaverbrook Art Gallery, New Brunswick, Canada
* Nchịkọta nke Anthony Denney, Musee d'Art Moderne, Toulouse, France
* International Center for Aesthetic Research, Turin, Italy
* Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie nke Taipei, Taiwan
* Idemitsu Collection, Tokyo, Japan
* Nchịkọta Peter Stuyvesant, Amsterdam
* Nchịkọta Turmac, Zeevenaar, Netherlands
* Nchịkọta Ihe osise Schlesinger, Ịtali

### Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie nke South Africa

* South African National Gallery, Cape Town
* Ụlọ ngosi nka nke Johannesburg, Johannesburg
* Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie Pretoria, Pretoria
* William Humphreys Art Gallery, Kimberley
* Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie Hester Rupert, Graaff ReinetNtinyeghachi
* Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie Potchefstroom, Potchefst room
* Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie Roodepoort, Roodepourt
* Ebe Ngosi Ihe Ochie Oliewenhuis, Bloemfontein

### Nchịkọta Mahadum South Africa

* Mahadum North-West, Potchefstroom
* Mahadum Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch
* Mahadum Pretoria, Pretoria
* Mahadum nke South Africa, Pretoria
* Mahadum nke Johannesburg, Johannesburg
* Mahadum nke Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
* Mahadum nke Cape Town, Cape Town

### Ụlọ ọrụ na Nchịkọta Ndị Ọzọ

* Ụlọ Egwuregwu Steeti, Pretoria
* OR Tambo International Airport, Johannesburg
* CSIR, Pretoria
* Volkskas Art Collection, Pretoria, ugbu a ABSA Art Collection
* Sasol Corporate Art Collection, Johannesburg
* Sanlam Art Collection, Cape Town
* Rembrandt van Rijn Art Foundation
* Polokwane Art Gallery, Polokwane
* Sandton Municipality Collection, Johannesburg
* Nchịkọta Ihe osise Schlesinger, Johannesburg

## Edensibia

## Njikọ mpụga
Mgbasa ozi metụtaraChristo Coetzeena Wikimedia Commons
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations