open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Michael Bradford (onye nkuzi)

**Michael Bradford** (amuru Jenụwarị 23, 1965) bụ onye odee America bụ onye prọfesọ na Mahadum Connecticut na onye bụbu onye isi nka nke Connecticut Repertory Theatre . Na 2021, isi Connecticut nke NAACP kpọrọ Bradford otu n'ime "100 Kachasị Ndị ojii na steeti Connecticut." 

## Akụkọ ndụ
Amụrụ ma zụlite na Arkansas City, Kansas, Bradford gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Colorado wee kwaga San Jose, California, obere oge ka ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ere akwụkwọ nkà ihe ọmụma ụlọ ruo n'ọnụ ụzọ, onye na-eje ozi ọdụ ụgbọ ala, onye ọrụ nri ngwa ngwa, na ọrụ ndị ọzọ jọgburu onwe ya mgbe ọ na-agụ ndị inyom America America ndị na-ede uri na-ede ihe ọ kpọrọ "abụ abụ ọjọọ." Ọ jere ozi afọ 10 na ndị agha mmiri US dị ka onye na-ahụ maka sistemu wee bụrụ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ebe ihe nkiri obodo na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri. Mgbe ọ nọ ọdụ na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị na Groton, Connecticut, Bradford weere ntọhapụ mbụ iji nwetaghachi ndụ nkịtị.   

Mgbe ọ pụọ n'ụgbọ mmiri ahụ, Bradford rụrụ ọrụ maka ụgbọ mmiri Electric wee gaa ogige ụlọ akwụkwọ Avery Point nke Connecticut na Groton. O nwetara nzere bachelọ nke General Studies site na UConn na 1998 yana MFA sitere na kọleji Brooklyn na 2000, na-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na-adịghị mma na nkuzi ide na Avery Point.  

## Ọrụ edemede
Ejije Bradford, na-elekwasị anya na isiokwu ndị Africa America, ka emechara na mba na mba ụwa. Ọrụ ya kacha mara amara gụnyere *ibi na ikuku* (2000), nke natara nhọpụta iri AUDELCO, na *Oliv and Blood* (2012), ọgwụgwọ nke igbu ọchụ nke Federico García Lorca .  

## Ntụaka
ngwa ngwa, na ọrụ ndị ọzọ jọgburu onwe ya mgbe ọ na-agụ ndị inyom America America
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Andrew Chinn

Andrew Chinn (1915–1996) bụ onye China-American omenkà na onye nkuzi nka, na-arụ ọrụ na Pacific Northwest site na ọhụrụ 1930 ruo na 1990s.  A mara ya maka ụdị ọpụrụiche nke mmiri mmiri na ibipụta akwụkwọ, yana njikọ ya na mpaghara nka Northwest's Asia-American, ndị na-ese WPA nke nnukwu ngosi mba n'obi / Agha ọgụ nke ọgụ, na, n'ụdị ya,  Ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị nka na Northwest.

## Ndụ na ọrụ
Ndị egwuregwu Andrew Nan Chinn si Toyshan, Canton ( Taishan nke oge a, Guangdong), China, kwaga United States n'ihe dị ka 1910. A gidan ya na Seattle, Washington, na June 17, 1915. Mgbe nne ya nwụsịrị n'  ọrịa influenza na 1918, ya na nwanne ya egwuregwu nke nkata Ann la n'azụ na Toyshan, ebe, na agbamume nke nna ya, ọ-ama nkà malitere omenala.  Ọ na-egosi na egwuregwu, nke, na China nke oge Sun Yat Sen, gosiri ngosipụta nke Europe usoro nke oge a. 

Chinn la iche na US na 1927, gụnyere na China na 1929, wee kwaga Seattle maka ihe ọma na 1933. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Broadway, ebe ụmụ klas ya ndị eze Fay Chong, George Tsutakawa na Morris Graves .  Ya, Chong, na ndị enyi na-eto eto na-ese ihe hibere ụlọ ọrụ nka China, na-eme ihe ngosi ngosi n'otu ụlọ ọrụ na-ekerịta na Seattle's International District.  Morris Graves, Kenneth Callahan, na William Cumming - ndị ga-eme n'etiti nke 'Northwest School' nke ndị na-ese ihe a ma ama - bụ ndị ọbịa ugboro ugboro ugboro.. 

Na 1939 Chinn debara aha na Mahadum Washington, ebe ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ nka n'okpuru Walter Isaacs, Ambrose Patterson, Ray Hill, na ndị ọzọ.  Mgbe ọ bụ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ o nwere ndị nabatara maka ihe ngosi juried na Seattle Art Museum na Frye Museum .

Na 1941 o sonyeere Works Progress Administration 's Federal Art Project, n'okpuru R. Bruce Inverarity, onye isi mmemme maka Washington.  Ọ na-arụkọ ọrụ na Graves, Chong, Guy Anderson, Helmi Juvonen, Jacob Elshin, Julius Twohy, na ndị ọzọ a ma ama na-ese ihe, ndị na-ebi akwụkwọ, na ndị na-ese ihe.. 

Na 1945 ọ akụkọ ọrụ afọ 31 dị ka onye na-ese ihe nka na ụlọ ọrụ Boeing, wee bụrụ onye ami Boeing Art Club;  N'oge a, a nabatakwara ya maka isonye na Puget Sound Group, ụgbọ ndị nka kacha ochie na Northwest.  [1] Na 1946 ọ ahụmahụ ị klaas mgbede na ụzọ watercolor na Seattle Central Community College (nke bụ Edison Technical School), nke ọ ga-aga n'ihu na-eme ihe ụmụaka afọ 45. 

Ọ bụ ebe na okwu Abstract nke Northwest mystics tụ star ụwa nka n'isi ya na 1950s, na George Tsutakawa, Paul Horiuchi, na Frank Okada akwụkwọ nka Asia-American na 1960, Chinn ngwa na-agbasi mbọ ike n'ụdị ọ ibu.  na nke kacha hụ n'anya: nka omenala Eshia (nke na-agụnye ihe odide calligraphic nke China) mere site na iji na-egosi, na àmà nke eziokwu America na ụgbọ Europe.  N'ịbụ onye na-anụ ọkụ n'obi n' akara, isiokwu ya na-ese ihe nkiri okike ọ ịbụ n'anya.  Ọ na-esekarị ihe site na ndụ, kama iji foto ma ọ bụ ihe osise. 

Ọ bụ ezie na ụdị mgbanwe ya karịa mere ka ọ ghara ịpụ na ụlọ ngosi ihe ngosi avant-garde nke Seattle, ọ nọgidere bụrụ onye a na-akwanyere ùgwù na Pacific Northwest, ma na-egosipụtakwa ọrụ ya mgbe niile na ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na ụlọ ngosi ihe ngosi nke mpaghara ahụ.

## Ntụaka
Elizabeth Brown-Guillory

**Elizabeth Brown-Guillory** bụ ọkà mmụta, onye na-ede egwuregwu, na onye na-ese ihe. Ọ bụbu prọfesọ Bekee na Mahadum Houston ma bụrụzi Dean nke Texas Southern University 's Thomas F. Freeman Honors College.

## Ọrụ
Brown-Guillory enweela egwuregwu iri na abụọ emepụtara na Washington DC, New York City, Los Angeles, Denver, New Orleans, Houston, Cleveland, na Chicago. Ejije ya gụnyere *Bayou Relics*', *Snapshots of Broken Dolls*, *Mam Phyllis*, *La Bakair*, *Mgbe ndị nna ochie na-akpọ*, na *ezumike nke ụbọchị* . Ebipụtala egwuregwu iri ya na *Black Drama: 1850 to Present*, nchịkọta ihe nkiri 1,200 n'ịntanetị sitere na ndị ojii.  A kọwawo akwụkwọ ya, *Ebe Ha dị na Stage* dị ka "ọrụ ntụaka dị mkpa nye onye ọ bụla na-agụ akwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị ojii ma ọ bụ ihe nkiri ojii". 

Brown-Guillory bụbu prọfesọ Bekee na Mahadum Houston .  Kemgbe 2009 ọ bụ Prọfesọ nke Ụlọ ihe nkiri na Texas Southern University na Houston, Texas.

## Akwụkwọ

* *Ebe ha nọ na ogbo: Ndị inyom ojii na-egwu egwu na America* . Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1988. Ihe mkpuchi siri ike, 165pp; New York na London: Praeger, 1990 Akwụkwọ akụkọ, 165 p; Ntụgharị asụsụ Korea, 2001.

## Ejije ebipụtara

* *Nkwụsị nke ụbọchị.* Na *Black Theatre na Texas* . Ed. Sandra Mayo na Ervin Holt. Austin: Mahadum Texas Press. (na-abịa na 2011)
* *Mgbe ndị nna ochie kpọrọ* . Na *Black Theatre* na Texas. Ed. Sandra Mayo na Ervin Holt. Austin: Mahadum Texas Press. (na-abịa na 2011)
* 'Ịchekwa amara *.* The Griot *(akwụkwọ akụkọ nke South Conference on African American Studies, Inc.) 22.2 (Fall 2003): 47-66.*
* *La Bakair* . *Nyocha SUNO: Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Arts na Humanities* 1: 2 (mmiri 2001): 49-88.
* *Mam Phyllis* . N'ime *mmanya mmanya n'ime ọhịa: Egwuregwu nke ụmụ nwanyị Africa-American si na Harlem Renaissance ruo ugbu a* . Ed. Elizabeth Brown-Guillory. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1990: 191-227.
* *Ihe onyonyo nke ụmụ bebi agbajiri* . Colorado: Ọrụ Ihe nkiri Contemporary, ngalaba nke Meriwether Publishing Co., 1987. 36p.
* *Bayou Relics* . Colorado: Ọrụ Ihe nkiri Contemporary, ngalaba nke Meriwether Publishing Co., 1983. 30 pp.

## Ntụaka
Relics', Snapshots of Broken Dolls, Mam Phyllis, La Bakair, Mgbe ndị nna ochie na-akpọ,
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Stanley Bennett Clay

**Stanley Bennett Clay** (amuru March 18, 1950) bu onye omekorita America, onye ode akwukwo, onye ode akwukwo, ogbo na onye isi ihe nkiri, na onye nrụpụta dabere na Manhattan, New York. A maara ya nke ọma maka ọrụ ngosi ya na fim *All the President's Men* (1976), *[[Minstrel Man (1977 film)|Minstrel Man]]* (1977) na *I, Robot* (2004). 

Ọ bụ ezie na onye na-eme ihe nkiri ogologo ndụ, Stanley Bennett Clay ekwuola na ọ na-ahọrọ nduzi na ịmepụta: "M na-abụkarị onye na-ahụ maka ọrụ ahụ. Ọ na-amasị m ibu ọrụ ahụ. Na 12, m mepụtara ihe ngosi mbụ m: dee ya, na-ede egwú, na-eduzi ya., rere tiketi, chịkwaa ihe ndị ahụ—lemonade na kuki—ma kpọgidere ya n’ime ụlọ ndị mụrụ m kwụ n’ahịrị ịhụ ya Ee, ọ bụ ihe m na-eme otu m chọrọ ka ha mee. " 

## Ọrụ
Stanley nwetara atọ NAACP Theater Awards maka imekọ ihe ọnụ, ide ihe, na iduzi egwuregwu *Ritual*, nke ọ megharịrị maka ihe nkiri.    

## Odee
Stanley edewo akwụkwọ akụkọ *Looker* na *In Search of Pretty Young Black Men*, nke Simon &amp;amp; Schuster  bipụtara na akwụkwọ akụkọ *Aching For It*, *Hollywood Flames* na *Madame Frankie* nke Ellora's Cave bipụtara.

## Ụtọ nye E. Lynn Harris
N'oge na-adịghị mgbe ọnwụ mberede nke onye edemede ibe E. Lynn Harris nwụsịrị, onye edemede bụ Terrance Dean kpọtụụrụ Stanley, onye chere na a manyere ya ide ụtụ maka trailblazing Harris. Stanley kwetara na, ya na James Earl Hardy, deere *Ndụ Anya Anya: Akụkọ Atọ na Ụtụ To E. Lynn Harris.*  Akụkọ ọ bụla na-amalite na onye edemede na-atụgharị uche na mmetụta E. Lynn Harris nwere n'ahụ ha dị ka onye edemede. 

## Ndụ nkeonwe
Clay bụ enyi ogologo oge nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri Raymond St. Jacques ma bụrụ otu n'ime ndị na-egbu mgbu na olili ya. 

## Ntụaka
tiketi, chịkwaa ihe ndị ahụ—lemonade na kuki—ma kpọgidere ya n’ime ụlọ ndị mụrụ m kwụ yJames Earl Hardy, deere Ndụ Anya Anya: Akụkọ Atọ

## Njikọ mpụga

* 
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Barry Beckham

**Barry Earl Beckham** (amuru March 19, 1944) bu onye ode akwukwo America na onye ode akwukwo.

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Beckham na 1944 na Philadelphia nye Clarence na Mildred (née William) Beckham. Mgbe ọ dị afọ itoolu, ya na nne ya kwagara n'otu mpaghara ojii na Atlantic City, New Jersey . Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Atlantic City High School na 1962 ọ banyere na Mahadum Brown dị ka otu n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ ojii asatọ na afọ ọhụrụ Nelson, Emmanuel Sampath (1999). ''Contemporary African American Novelists: A Bio-bibliographical Critical Sourcebook''. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN&nbsp;. na otu n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ ojii atọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1966. 

Ọ malitere akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, *My Main Mother* (1969), mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ agadi ya na Mahadum Brown. Beckham dechara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 25 na 1969. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1966 na nzere bekee.  Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya nke abụọ, *Runner Mack* (1972), ka ahọpụtara maka onyinye ntinye akwụkwọ nke mba .

Egwuregwu ya *Garvey Lives!* , banyere Jamaican-amụrụ Black Nationalist Marcus Garvey, bụ George Houston Bass nke Rites na Reason Theater mepụtara, otu ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Black na Mahadum Brown.  

Beckham laghachiri na Brown na 1970 ka onye nkuzi nleta na English na African American Studies. Ọ nwere ọrụ afọ 17 na mahadum, gụnyere ọtụtụ afọ dị ka onye isi nke mmemme ide ihe nke gụsịrị akwụkwọ. "Beckham, Barry (1944)". *The Concise Oxford Companion to African American Literature*.  

## Ntụaka
ahụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 25 na 1969. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1966 na nzere bekee.  Akwụkwọ

## Njikọ mpụga

* Official website
 
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Eboni Booth

**Eboni Booth** bụ onye America na-ede egwuregwu na onye na-eme ihe nkiri. 

Ọ bụ onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School, Mahadum Vermont, na onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Juilliard Playwrighting Fellowship.  Ọ bụbu onye odee egwuregwu na New Dramatists wee bụrụ onye nnata Steinberg Playwright Grant na 2021.  N'afọ 2021, e nyere ya ihe nrite Helen Merrill maka ide egwu.  Enyere ya onyinye nturu ugo John Gassner For New American Plays site na Outer Critics Circle Awards maka egwuregwu *Paris* ya. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na-ede egwuregwu na Primary Stages Einhorn School of Performing Arts .  

Egwuregwu ya *Primary Trust* rụpụtara Off-Broadway na ụlọ ihe nkiri Laura Pels maka ọganiihu dị oke egwu, gụnyere nhọpụta maka onyinye nrite Lucille Lortel maka egwuregwu ọhụrụ pụtara ìhè.  Enyere egwuregwu a Pulitzer Prize maka Drama na 2024.

## Ejije

## Ntụaka
egwuregwu na New Dramatists wee bụrụ onye nnata Steinberg Playwright Grant na

## Njikọ mpụga

* Eboni Booth at the Internet Off-Broadway Database
* 
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ida M. Bowman Becks

**Ida M. Bowman Becks** (March 28, 1880 – 1953  ), nke a makwaara dị ka **Ida M. Becks '',*** bụ onye America na-ekwu okwu, onye nkwuputa okwu, na onye nhazi obodo Africa-American. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ pụtara ìhè n'ịguzobe ọtụtụ ọgbakọ obodo, ọkachasị na Kansas City, Kansas, site na 1910 ruo na ngwụcha 1940s.

== Ndụ ==
Ida M. Bowman mụrụ na Maachị 28, 1880, na Armstrong, Missouri . Ọ bụ ada Milton Bowman. 

Bowman gụchara akwụkwọ ụtọ asụsụ na 1896, wee gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ Lincoln na Carrollton, Missouri . Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1899 dị ka klas valedictorian. Bowman mechara mụọ akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Wichita, Kansas . 

Ọ kwagara Dayton, Ohio, wee malite ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye odeakwụkwọ nke otu agba agba ụmụ nwanyị. Mgbe ọ nọ na Dayton, ọ zutere HW Becks. Ha abụọ lụrụ na 1907. Na 1908, di na nwunye ahụ kwagara Kansas City, [[Kánzạs|Kansas]] . 

Becks rụrụ ọrụ afọ abụọ dị ka onye nnọchi anya ubi maka Florence Crittenton Home na Topeka, Kansas . Ọ ghọrọ onye nnọchi anya ubi maka Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Ọzụzụ Mba na [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], n'okpuru nkwado nke Women's Auxiliary of National Baptist Convention. 

Ka ọ na-erule 1926, Becks na-eje ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke City Federation of Colored Women's Clubs. N'afọ ahụ, Federation na-emegide ndị NAACP mpaghara mgbe ndị nke ikpeazụ kpọrọ oku ka a kwụsị ọrụ nke *Miracle*, n'ihi na ihe ngosi a na-ekwu na ọ bụ ebe dịpụrụ adịpụ. Becks na otu enyi ha gbapụrụ na boycott; ha zụtara tiketi wee gaa ihe ngosi ahụ, n'okwu ya, "enweghị mmerụ ahụ, na ngalaba ebe ndị nwere agba ole na ole nọ ọdụ." 

Becks na di ya biri na Kansas City wee nọgide na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Baptist Church site na njedebe 1940s.  <sup>: 145</sup>

== Ọrụ ahọpụtara ==
Becks dere egwuregwu nke isiokwu ya bụ *Up From Slavery: Evening's Entertainment in 8 Acts'', nke o nwebiisinka na 1916. 

## Ntụaka
nke ikpeazụ kpọrọ oku ka a kwụsị ọrụ nke Miracle, n'ihi na ihe ngosi a na-ekwu na ọ bụ ebe
Gianni Cilfone

Gianni Cilfone (1908-1992) bụ onye omenkà America America nke kwagara Chicago mgbe ọ dị afọ 5 wee akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Art Institute of Chicago.  Ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ n'okpuru Hugh Breckenridge na John F. Carlson ma na Hoosier Salon, North Shore Art Association, Association of Chicago Painters and Sculptors, na Art Institute of Chicago.  Onye na-ese ihe mere njem n'etiti egwuregwu na-enye nkuzi na ihe ngosi, a na-echetakwa ya maka nhụsianya o mere na mpaghara etiti ahụ.

Ruo afọ 30, o nwere ụlọ ihe nkiri na 5 E. Ontario Street na Chicago ebe ọ na-akpa ihe, na-ahụ ihe na ihe ngosi.  Mgbe e ịhụ, ọ kwagara studio ya na 119 Meacham Avenue na Park Ridge wee gaa n'ihu ebe ahụ awụ 20 ọzọ.  N kowane weghaara ihe ka ukwuu ná ndụ ya site na 1934 ruo mgbe ọ rịara ọrịa strok na July 1985.

Ihe nrite Cilfone sitere na Njikọ nka ime obodo bụ maka eserese odida obodo. O nwere ọtụtụ ihe nrite na ihe nrite ndị ọzọ, ọrụ ya dịkwa na mkpokọta nzuzo na US, France, Holland, Italy na Canada. Ọ bụ n'ezie onye nwere ezi uche mana ọ gbalịrị itinye n'ọrụ ya nke kachasị mma nke ụdị ọgbara ọhụrụ. 

Cilfone na ebelata ya, Irene, gara Nashville, Indiana na ngosi oge oyi nke 1947, [1] wee were ibu iri na ise na studio nke onye na-ese ihe bụ Will Vawter nwere na mbụ.  Ndị Cilfones zutere Curry Bohm, onye na-ese ihe, na Gloucester, Massachusetts n'oge ikpeazụ  ma tee ha ka ha gaa na mpaghara Brown, Indiana.

kwụkwọ ndị Chicago Tribune Magazine hotara Cilfone na-ekwu, sị, "Ọ dịghị onye ga-eche na m dị njọ maka ịsị na Nashville, Ind. bụ obodo etiti ihie nke kacha ike m, mana Louise m ike ịhụ ọtụtụ ihe na  -eju anya mgbe m gara n'ihu ikwu na oyi bụ oge ngosi m n'ebe ahụ. Ee, anɔ m na Nashville n'oge ndị ọzọ n'afọ, m na-ebibu n'ebe ahụ n'ezie."  [1] Ọtụtụ ihe ọrụ ya bụ ihe nkiri Brown County.

 

## Ntụaka
John Clague (onye na-ese ihe)

John Clague (1928-2004) bụ onye omenka na ọkpụkpụ America.

## Ndụ mbido
Amụrụ na Cleveland, Ohio, Clague akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Cleveland Institute of Art, na-enweta Bachelor of Fine Arts na 1956 n'okpuru Edris Eckhardt, Walter Sinz, Walter Midner, John Bergschneider, Julius Schmidt, na William McVey .  Enyere ya Yale / Norfolk Fellowship na, mgbe ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ, otu afọ na Europe dị ka onye otu Catherwood Foundation Traveling Fellow.  Clague siri ihe ọkpụkpụ na Oberlin College (1957-1961), na na Cleveland Institute of Art (1956-1971), Nwe onye isi oche nke ngalaba ihe ọkpụkpụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. &#x5B; **' &#x5D;</sup>

== Ọrụ ==
Ihe ọkpụkpụ Clague na Whitney Museum of American Art, na n'ọtụtụ "Ihe ngosi May" na Cleveland Museum of Art.  Enyere ya ihe nrite Cleveland Arts Prize na 1967. A na-amị anya ya na mkpokọta na-adịgide nke Cleveland Museum of Art site na isii n'ime ihe ọkpụkpụ ya, ọla kọpa 1960 ya "Flower of Erebus " na 1963 plexiglas  ya "Ọganihu na Black na White".  Foto ihe ngosi nke Art Gallery nke Ontario, Aldrich Museum of Contemporary Art, Mahadum Massachusetts, na Williams College Museum of Art .  Edere ọrụ ya na Archives of American Art na Smithsonian Institution na Washington, DC [ a ọgwụ ]

A mara Clague nke ọma maka nnukwu ihe ọkpụkpụ ndị a: ụdị na-ahụ ahụkebe na bronze, njirimara, na fiberglass .  Ọ na-eji ìhè, agba na elu poliish ìhè n'elu udidi na-mmiri na-agbanwe ka mmadụ na-ejegharị gburugburu.  akụkụ ọrụ ya na-ụzọkwa ụzọ ka ha na-eji mmetụta na-agagharị.</link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; **' &#x5D;

## Njikọ mpụga

* http://www.clevelandartandhistory.org/html/HTMLPages/artists/Clague.htm
* https://web.archive.org/web/20081121232014/http://clevelandartsprize.org/awardees/john_clague.html
Alson S. Clark

Alson Skinner Clark (March 25, 1876 – Ma ọchịchị 23, 1949) bụ onye na-ese ihe nkiri American Impressionist kacha chetara maka odida obodo ya.  Ọ bụkwa onye na-ese foto, onye na-ese ihe osise, onye-akpa nka na onye na-ese foto.

## Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
Na Machị 25, 1876, a na-ahụ maka Chicago, Illinois na mpaghara oku.  [1] Ọ nkà nka n'oge na mgbe ọ dị afọ 11 ọ nọ na-amụ klaasị nka na Art Institute of Chicago .  [2] Ọzụzụ nka ya akara na Académie Julian (1899).  [2] Na mgbakwunye, ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na atelier William Merritt Chase na Chase School of Art na Académie Carmen na James McNeill Whistler.  &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Ọrụ
Ọ ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ ya na-arụ ọrụ na Paris, France wee jee ozi na United States Army dị ka onye na-ese foto ikuku n'oge Agha Mbụ Mbụ .  [1] Na 1920s, ọ kuziri nka nka na Occidental College, na 1919 ọ bụ onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ Stickney Memorial Art na Pasadena.  

Ndị otu ya na otu nka egwu Pasadena Society of Artists na California Art Club .  [1] Ụbọchị ndị na-egosi ihe ngosi Tonal Impressionism nke Harry Muir Kurtzworth chepụtara na 1937, yana ọrụ Frank Tenney Johnson, Frank Tolles Chamberlain, na Theodore Lukits nke mere na Los Angeles Art Association Gallery na Los Angeles Public Library.

### Murals
Na mgbakwunye na mfe odida obodo, ọ na-ese ihe osise maka ụlọ ihe nkiri Carthay Circle dị na Los Angeles, na isi ọkụ nke Pasadena Playhouse, na-egosi galleon Spanish na ụgbọ mmiri zuru oke.

A ka nwere ike ịhụ otu ihe osise nke emechara na 1929 na mbụ 1st Trust & Savings Bank na 587 East Colorado Boulevard na Pasadena, California.  Mgbidi ahụ nwere ogwe anọ na-eje ije ihe dị ka kubit iri n'ịdị elu, nke ọ elala na-egosi nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ ndị California: akụkụ ala, ọrụ ugbo citrus, ihe nkiri, na mbupu.. 

## Ndụ onwe onye
Na 1898, ọ gara France na, na 1902, ọ la ike na United States.  Na 1920, ọ ngosi Atta Medora McMullin (1881–1962).  [1] Ozugbo ahụ, ya na ike ya kwagara na mpaghara Arroyo Seco na Pasadena, California . 

Na Machị 23, 1949, ọ nwụrụ mgbe ọ na-ese ihe na studio ya na Pasadena, California .  Ọ dị afọ iri asaa na abụọ.  [1] E liri ya n'ebe a na-eli ozu Mountain View na Altadena, California 

## Mbipụta

* 
* 

## Eserese ahọpụtara

Usòrò:Clark-Jardin.jpg|alt=Luxembourg Gardens| Ogige Luxembourg
Usòrò:Clark-Basin.jpg|alt=Frozen Basin, Quebec|Basin oyi kpọnwụrụ,Quebec
Usòrò:Clark-Studio2.jpg|alt=In the Studio|Na Studio
Usòrò:Clark-Mission.jpg|alt=Figures Outside the Mission Wall|Ihe osise dị n'ịhụka Mission
Usòrò:Clark-Catalina.jpg| Catalina Bay


## Hụkwa

* Ụlọ akwụkwọ nka Stickney Memorial

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Alson Clark Fine Art Gallery of Images Archived  
* Clark Archived   @ Akwụkwọ nka California
* Alson Skinner Clark Archived   @ University Club nke Pasadena
* Alson Clark mkpokọta foto (foto 1289)
* Ọrụ ndị ọzọ sitere na Clark @ ArtNet
Roland Clark (onye na-ese ihe)

Roland Clark (April 2, 1874 – 13, 1957) bụ onye America na-ese ihe .  Ọrụ ya bụ nke ihe ndị ọrụ na-ahụ nka na 1932 Summer Olympics .  [1] Clark bụ mmetụta na-ese nadiif mmiri.  [2] O nhọrọ nke Field & Stream nke March 1927   

## Ntụaka
Aristide Berto Cianfarani

Aristide Berto Cianfarani (August 3, 1895 - Febụwarị 19, 1960) [1] bụ onye America amuru n'ọkpụrụkpụ akpọrọ maka ihe ncheta ya, ncheta agha na ọrụ ụka.

## Akụkọ ndụ
A mụrụ Cianfarani na Italy na 1895 wee kwaga United States na 1913.[1]  Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na ￼￼￼￼Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Nhazi nke Rhode Island￼ yana France na Italy.[2]  Ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka ụlọ ọrụ Gorham Manufacturing Company na 1917 na 1919 na International Silver Company site na 1923 ruo 1925.[1]  Ọ malitere studio nke ya na ￼￼Providence, Rhode Island￼￼ na 1926.[1]

## Ọrụ ahọpụtara

* West Virginia State Memorial, makwaara dị ka Major Arza Goodspeed bust, Vicksburg National Military Park, 1922
* Bowen R. ihe oyiyi Ụka, Roger Williams Park, Providence, Rhode Island, 1928
* Ihe oyiyi Prince Henry the Navigator, Fall River, Massachusetts, 1940
* Ihe oyiyi General Peter Muhlenberg, College Muhlenberg, 1941 
* Ihe oyiyi nke John V. Power, Worcester, Massachusetts, 1947
* Testudo (ihe oyiyi mascot), Mahadum Maryland, 1933, https://arboretum.umd.edu/testudo

Usòrò:20-13-241-vicksburg.jpg|alt=West Virginia State Memorial at Vicksburg National Military Park, 1922|West Virginia State Ncheta naVicksburg National Military Park, 1922
Usòrò:Bowen_R._Church_statue,_Roger_Williams_Park,_Providence,_Rhode_Island.jpg|alt=Bowen R. Church (cornetist) statue|Bowen R. Church (cornetist) akpụrụ akpụ
Usòrò:Henry_the_Navigator_statue,_Fall_River_Massachusetts.jpg|alt=Henry the Navigator statue, Fall River|Ihe oyiyi Henry the Navigator, Fall River
Usòrò:Lt._John_Vincent_Power_Memorial_-_Worcester,_MA_-_DSC04126.jpg|alt=Statue of John V. Power, Worcester, Massachusetts, 1947| Ihe oyiyi nke John V. PowerWorcester, Massachusetts, 1947
Usòrò:UMD_Testudo_Statue.JPG|alt=Testudo, University of Maryland mascot| Testudo, Mahadum nke Maryland mascot


## Ntụaka
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## Njikọ mpụga
Aristide Berto Cianfarani at Find a Grave
Frank Cieciorka

Frank Cieciorka (Eprel 26, 1939 - Nọvemba 24, 2008) bụ onye omenkà ihe onye ọrụ, onye na-ese ihe na onye na-azụrụ ndị America .  Ọrụ ya kacha mara amara, nke a kpụrụ akpụ nke salute kpọchiri akpọchi, bụ ihe atụ maka akara aka ekpe ọhụrụ .

Cieciroka (che-CHOR-ka) tolitere na Johnson City n'elu steeti New York.  Na 1957, ọ gara San Jose State College na California, [1] ebe ọ sonyeere Socialist Party n'ihi mmegide ndị agha America na Dominican Republic na Vietnam .  Na 1964, ọ bụ onye nhazi apụta n'oge ụgbọ mmiri Freedom Summer ịdebanye aha ndị ọhụrụ aka ojii na Mississippi wee jee ozi dị ka ike ọrụ ubi maka Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Ndị ozi Na- Anya, ozi ndị mere ka ọ mara  ụzọ ụkwụ.  [1] [2] Cieciroka aka hazie Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, ọzọ na steeti Democratic Party nke ndị ọcha na-achị.

Enwere ike ịhụ ihe atụ nke aka na nka ụgbọ ụkwụ ruo ruo laa azụ na 1917, na akwụkwọ mmado Industrial Workers of the World, mana Cieciroka gosiri iji ya eme ihe n'oge a.  [1] N'ịbụ onyeፍቃ ekele clenched-fist salute na Socialist rally na San Francisco, o gosiri na ọ bụ ihe oyiyi okike maka ike osisi.  Ọ na-ewu ewu nke ukwuu mgbe Cieciroka na ndị ọzọ na-egosi ahụ na bọtịnụ ma nye ọtụtụ puku mmadụ na ụzọ ọgụ na ihe ngosi.  Check aka maka 1967 Kwụsị Draft Week ihe onye na-edebe ihe ochie na onye ɔkɔ ihe mere eme Lincoln Cushing lere anya "ihe ngị aka ekpe New Left - dị nnọọ mma ma dị mfe akwụkwọghachi, nke ụmụ akwụkwọ maka otu Democratic  Society na ndị ọzọ na-ebuli ya azụ."  [2] Ọ bụ ebe na Black Panther Party ji dị ka akara ngosi ya bụ isi a panther nke Emory Douglas haziri, kwara ụdị “ekele ike” Mazị Cieciorka n'akwụkwọ ya.

Ụbọchị ndị ọzọ Cieciroka akwụkwọ akwụkwọ "Negroes in American History: A Freedom Primer," nke o dere ma edi ya na Bobbi Dearborn Cieciorka bụ onye akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na San Jose State.  [1] [2] [3] A na-eji akwụkwọ ahụ eme ihe na " ụlọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ onwe " na South America n'oge agha maka ikike obodo.  Ihe ngosi ya na-egosi aka anọ na otu aka na-eru na mbara igwe ma ọnọdụ anya ọ bụ nke ejiri aka mee ihe na ike ikike obodo.  [4] Ọ sere akwụkwọ mmado maka otu ndị ọrụ United Farm Workers na otu ndị ọrụ ndị ọzọ, nyere onyinye na Peoples Press Cooperative ma bụrụ onye isi nka maka akwụkwọ The Movement .

Na odi 1970s ọ kwagara Humboldt County, California wee bụrụ onye na-ese mmiri ama ama nke ukwuu nke odida obodo ya n'ime obodo California.  Ọ hụrụ n'anya ya na Alderpoint, California site na emphysema na Nọvemba 24, 2008. 

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ụdị ọkpọ aka akara ngosi

## Na mkpokọta

* Ihe atụ maka ngagharị ahụ, Mpaghara San Francisco Bay, 1968; onye na-ese ihe, Frank Cieciorka; HK Yuen Archive, Mahadum California Berkeley.
Ụmụ Kirsten

**Kirsten J. Childs** bụ onye America na-ede egwuregwu, onye na-agụ akwụkwọ, na onye bụbu onye na-eme ihe nkiri. 

## Ndụ mbụ na ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma
A mụrụ ụmụaka na Los Angeles, California .  Ndị mụrụ ya bụ ndị nkụzi ụlọ akwụkwọ.  Nwanne ya nwoke nke nta bụ onye egwu jazz Billy Childs .   Ọ malitere ọrụ ihe nkiri ya na njedebe 1970 dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri Broadway . Na 1977, Bob Fosse tụbara ya na onye ndu Velma Kelly na njem nleta mba mbụ nke *Chicago* egwu. Ọ gara n'ihu pụta na mmepụta nke *Dacin*', *Jerry's Girls*, na *Sweet Charity* na 1980s. N'ụzọ bụ isi onye na-eme ihe nkiri, otu nnukwu ọrụ ihe nkiri ya bụ ihe nkiri 1989 *Hụ No Evil, Anụghị Ihe Ọjọọ*, nke ọ kpọrọ Adele, nwanne nwanyị nwere ogologo ntachi obi nke agwa Richard Pryor .  

## Mgbe e mesịrị ide ọrụ
N'ikpeazụ, ụmụaka tụgharịrị n'ịde ihe nkiri ihe nkiri nke ya, malite na ọrụ ọkara nke onwe ya *The Bubbly Black Girl Sheds Her Chameleon Skin* (2000),   ihe egwu na-apụ apụ nke Broadway nwetara onyinye Obie .  Egwu ya ndị ọzọ gụnyere *Miracle Brothers* (2005),  *Funked Up Fairy Tales* (2007),  na *Bella: An American Tall Tale* (2016), onye mmeri nke Weston Playhouse New Musical Award.  

Childs arụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye osote prọfesọ na New York University Tisch School of the Arts ' Graduate Musical Theater Writing program. 

## Ntụaka
Broadway . Na 1977, Bob Fosse tụbara ya na onye ndu kwesịrị mba mbụ nke *[[Chicago (egwu)|Chicago]]* egwu. Ọ gara n'ihu pụta
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Eugenia Collier

**Eugenia W. Collier** (amuru Eprel 6, 1928)  bu onye odee America na onye nkatọ kacha mara amara maka obere akụkọ 1969 ya " Marigolds ", nke meriri Gwendolyn Brooks Prize for Fiction na 1969; ọ bụ akụkọ mbụ Collier bipụtara.   A mụrụ ya na Baltimore, Maryland .

E wepụtara mkpokọta Collier, *Breeder na Akụkọ ndị ọzọ* na 1993.  O bipụtakwala egwuregwu, *Ricky*, dabere na obere akụkọ ya nke otu aha ahụ. Ederede ndị ọzọ Collier dere ma ọ bụ nyere aka ịgụnye *Mmetụta na Asphalt: Images of Urban America* (1999); *Akwa na-ekwu nke ọma* (1970); *Achịcha nduku dị ụtọ* (1972); *Langston Hughes : Black Genius* (1991); *Edemede Afro-American: Anthology of Prose and Poetry* (1992); na *ndị na-ede uri ojii n'oge a: mkpokọta nke edemede dị egwu* (1973). Ọrụ ya apụtala na *Negro Digest*, *Black World*, *TV Guide*, *Phylon*, *[[College Language Association Journal]]*, na *The New York Times* .

Collier's "Marigolds" bụ otu n'ime akụkọ mkpirisi mkpirisi oge niile na akwụkwọ ọgụgụ Bekee nke ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.  Nịm megide ndabere nke oké ịda mbà n'obi, akụkọ ahụ na-akọwa oge nke onye na-agụ akụkọ 14, Lizabeth, na-abịa n'afọ. Ọ bụ oge mbụ ọ ga-enwe ike ịhụ ihe mgbu nke mmadụ ọzọ, na akụkọ Collier na-arụ ụka na ịdị ọcha na ọmịiko enweghị ike ịdị n'ime otu onye ahụ. A na-eji ya n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka akwụkwọ na-akpali akpali maka ọbịbịa nke afọ unit na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị English klaasị.

Onye bụbu oche Bekee na Mahadum Morgan State, Collier akụzikwarala na Coppin State College (Ugbu a Mahadum), Mahadum Maryland, Mahadum Howard, Mahadum Southern Illinois na Mahadum Atlanta . Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ *magna cum laude* na Mahadum Howard na 1948, wee nye ya nzere MA na Mahadum Columbia afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị. Na 1976, ọ nwetara PhD na Mahadum Maryland. 

Ọ lụrụ Charles S. Collier na 1950. Ha mụrụ ụmụ nwoke atọ: Charles M. Collier, Robert N. Collier, na Philip Collier. 

## Ntụaka
Ederede ndị ọzọ Collier dere ma ọ bụ nyere aka ịgụnye Mmetụta na Asphalt: Images nke oké ịda mbà n'obi, akụkọ ahụ na-akọwa
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ifa Buling

**Ifa Bayeza** (amụrụ **Wanda Williams** ) bụ onye na-ede egwuregwu, onye na-emepụta ihe na onye na-ese ihe nkiri.  O dere egwuregwu *The Ballad of Emmett Till*, nke nwetara ya Edgar Award for Best Play na 2009.  Ọ bụ nwanne nwanyị Ntozake Shange, wee duzie Shange's *A Foto: Ndị hụrụ n'anya na Motion*, nke bụ akụkụ nke Negro Ensemble Company's 2015 Year of the Woman Play Reading Series na New York City. 

## Ndụ onwe onye
A mụrụ Bayeza Wanda Williams, n'ime ezinụlọ ndị America America dị elu na Trenton, New Jersey . Ọ bya asụ iya l'alị Ifa Bayaza;  o kwuwo na aha mgbanwe aha ya bụ ụzọ e si enweta ihe nketa ya ma kọwaa ya dị ka emume emume. Bayeza kwuru na ya "na-anabata onye Africa nke m na-amaghị, mana enwere m mmetụta. Ma m ka na-edobe isi nke Wanda."  Ọ bụ nne na nna ya, Paul T. Williams, onye dibịa na onye na-agbasi mbọ ike maka ndị ogbenye, zụlitere ya.  na Eloise Williams, onye nkuzi na onye na-ahụ maka ahụike uche.

## Ihe nrite

* 2009 Edgar Award maka egwuregwu kacha mma
* 2007 Eugene O'Neill Playwright Conference mkpakọrịta
* 2003 Arna Bontemps Centennial Writer Fellowship na Tuck School Minority Business Executive Programme (MBEP)
* 2010 Backstage Garland Award maka Edemede Kachasị Mma

## Nnabata dị mkpa: ''Ballad nke Emmett Till''
Steve Oxman tụlere ọrụ Bayeza na Variety.com, na-aja ọrụ ya na ihe ngosi ya nke Emmett Till site n'ịkọwa ya dị ka, "n'ụzọ zuru oke zuru oke na, ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwere ike na-eche na ọ na-emetụ aka nke ọma, ọ dịkwa n'ụwa. Ọ na-edozi ya n'ụzọ zuru oke maka ya fesa nwanyi ọcha dika ihe aka ya di ọcha." Otú ọ dị, Oxman abụghị onye na-akwado onye nta akụkọ Jimmy Hicks, na-ekwu na ọ dị ya ka, "ihe dị egwu."  Na 2010, emere egwuregwu a na Los Angeles's Fountain Theatre. Egburu onye nduzi mbụ, Ben Bradley, na mberede, Shirley Jo Finney welitere mmepụta ahụ. Na nyocha nke Kathleen Foley banyere egwuregwu ahụ, yana ito ntuziaka Finney, o chere na akaụntụ Bayeza mere ka Till's fate na-ewute ọbụna karịa, na-ekwu na, "N'ime nke ahụ ọ na-eme nke ọma, n'ụzọ magburu onwe ya. Emehiela: Ị ga-agbawa obi." 

Emere egwuregwu a na San Diego's Ion Theatre na 2017. Yolanda Franklin na Claudio Raygoza duziri ihe omume ahụ, ma gosipụta mkpokọta agwa isii. Na nyocha ya, David L. Coddon kwuru na, "Ọkara elekere ikpeazụ nke mmepụta nkeji 95 a bụ ihe na-eme ka ndị na-ege ntị na-ege ntị." Ọ gara n'ihu site n'ikwu na egwuregwu ahụ na-ejedebe na nchekwube nke na-emepụta nchekwube maka ụwa ọhụrụ. 

## Ntụaka
emume. Bayeza kwuru na ya "na-anabata onye Africa nke m na-amaghị, mana enwere m kwụna-edozi ya n'ụzọ zuru oke maka ya fesa nwanyi ọcha dika ihe aka ya di ọcha." Otú ọ dị, Oxman
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Cheril N. Clarke

**Cheril N. Clarke** (amuru ya na Septemba 24, 1980) bu onye Canada amuru n’oge a na onye odee egwu nke nwoke na nwoke na nwanyi, ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri.

## Ndụ
Ọ bụ ezie na a mụrụ na Toronto, Ontario, Canada, ezinụlọ Clarke kwagara Miami, Florida mgbe ọ dị ọnwa isii. O biri na United States ihe ka ukwuu ná ndụ ya.

Ọ bụ nwa ikpeazụ n'ime ụmụaka atọ Hyacinth na Thaddius Clarke mụrụ.

## Ederede okike

### Akwụkwọ
Clarke bụ odee nke ọtụtụ akwụkwọ, gụnyere akwụkwọ akụkọ, nchịkọta nke agụụ mmekọahụ vignettes na uri. 

#### Akwụkwọ akụkọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ

* *Njikwa na-efunahụ* (2009) 
* *Akara emerụ* (2006) 
* *Ọgba aghara chiri anya* (2005) 

## Azụmahịa na onyinye ndị ọzọ
Clarke mechara hiwe Phenomenal Writing, LLC, ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka nkwukọrịta na-enye mmụọ na ọrụ ide okwu maka ndị isi gburugburu ụwa. Ndị ahịa ama ama gụnyere General Electric na Cisco Systems . 

Clarke nyekwara nkọwa maka atụmatụ na NPR .  na WPEB 88.1FM Philadelphia.
Ha kwagara Miami, Florida mgbe ọ dị ọnwa isii. O biri 
## Ntụaka

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Donari Braxton

**Donari Braxton** (amuru na Nọvemba 11, 1982) bu onye odee na onye ode akwukwo America. A na-ewere ihe nkiri akụkọ akụkọ onwe ya dị ka nnwale, ọ bụ ezie na egosipụtara ya n'ụzọ dị iche iche ma na mmemme ihe nkiri na nyocha ihe nkiri nka na mba ụwa. A maara ya maka ịmepụta arụmọrụ na ihe nkiri vidiyo maka ihe ngosi gallery, yana na mmalite 2013 nke usoro foto / vidiyo "how-to-be-alone.com", malitere n'efu na-ahapụ ma kesaa ọdịnaya dị otú ahụ na ntanetị. Ọrụ ya kwadoro NPR, San Francisco Film Society, Independent Filmmaker Project, Sundance, Film Independent, na Berlinale Talents, n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ.

A mụrụ Braxton na New York City na ọ bụ nwa nke onye na-ede egwú na onye na-emepụta ihe n'ọtụtụ ihe Anthony Braxton . Dị ka nna ya, a maara ya dị ka onye na-egwu chess na-anụ ọkụ n'obi, a na-ekwukwa na ọ bụ onye chessmaster .  N'afọ 2006, ọrụ mbụ ya bipụtara, *[[I (Braxton book)|M]]*, nchịkọta akụkọ mkpirikpi, nwetara nkwanye ùgwù dị egwu ma bụrụ nke jikọtara ya na avant-garde ma ọ bụ "New Chemical Generation" nke akụkọ ifo nke oge a. N'afọ 2010, ya na Takeshi Fukunaga rụkọrọ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta "FX-S," nke mechara ghọọ " TELEVISION ." Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ mepụtara ọdịnaya vidiyo maka ụlọ ọrụ dị ka HBO, Puma na Marc Jacobs .

N'afọ 2015, njirimara akụkọ mbụ ha, "Out of My Hand," malitere na 2015 Berlin International Film Festival na foto Ava DuVernay 's ARRAY wepụtara na November 2015. E mechara họpụta Braxton maka onyinye John Cassavetes Film Independent Spirit Award maka ọrụ ya dị ka onye edemede / onye mmepụta ihe na ọrụ ahụ. Na 2016, San Francisco Film Society kwuputara atụmatụ mmepe nke Braxton, "N'elu," ga-abụ ihe nkiri akụkọ sayensị, na-enye ya 2016 KRF Screenwriting Grant & Fellowship.

## Họrọ ihe nkiri

* The Inevitable Me (2009)
* Oh, anụ ọhịa ndị a na-ebu amụma (2011)
* hiec! (2010)
* ' Gburugburu sitere na Rosary Archived   (2010)
* 'Ọdịnihu nke ihe niile na-emebi emebi (2015 ET)
* *Ọ si n'aka m pụta* (2015)

## Akwụkwọ akụkọ

* Ballad nke Chico Walfer, Nkwuputa, (2014)
* Ọ dịghị onye Rose, Paul Celan Ntụgharị, (2006)
* I, Akwụkwọ Slow Toe, (2005)
* Na Ọgbọ M; Abụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, Akwụkwọ Slow Toe, (2004)

## Njikọ mpụga

* DonariBraxton. Com
* Igwe onyonyo
* otu esi anọ naanị ya . com
* Archived akwụkwọ akụkọ mgbọ na  
*   
* GQ Archived  
* T-FAR Archived  
* hiec!
* 3:AM
* 
* Mara mma

## Ntụaka
edemede / onye mmepụta ihe na ọrụ ahụ. Na 2016, San Francisco Film Society kwuputara atụmatụ mmepe nke Braxton, "N'elu," ga-abụ
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
OyamO

**Charles F. Gordon** (amuru ya na Septemba 7, 1943), onye amara dika **OyamO**, bu onye odee egwuregwu na onye amuru America. Ugbu a ọ bụ onye na-ede akwụkwọ na Mahadum Michigan .

## Ndụ mbido
A mụrụ OyamO na Elyria, Ohio na Septemba 7, 1943; otu n'ime ụmụaka asaa nye Earnest Gordon, onye na-arụ ọrụ nchara, na Bennie Gordon, onye nwunye.  Mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ọ masịrị ya akụkọ ndị nna nna ya, bụ́ onye nkwusa obodo, ga-agwa ya banyere "oge ochie na South."  Na klas nke ise, onye nkụzi hụrụ ịhụnanya ya maka ide ihe mgbe o dechara ọrụ gbasara ndụ ụlọ ya ogologo oge karịa nke ndị ọgbọ ya ọ bụla.  Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị nke Europe, ma bụrụ nwa akwụkwọ na-asọpụrụ, onye nchịkọta akụkọ akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ na onye isi oche ụmụ akwụkwọ.  O dere akụkọ ifo, uri, na akwụkwọ ozi n’akwụkwọ akụkọ obodo gbasara okwu dị iche iche, bụ́ ndị e bipụtara. 

Na 1963, OyamO malitere ịga Mahadum Miami dị na Oxford, Ohio mana ọ kwụsịrị mgbe afọ abụọ na ọkara gachara, "iwe na usoro agụmakwụkwọ."  Kama, ọ kwagara New York, ebe ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Harlem's Black Theatre Workshop . Na 1970, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ nzere bachelọ na College of New Rochelle . Ọ gara n'ihu nata MFA ya na 1981 site na mmemme Playwriting nke Mahadum Yale . 

## Ọrụ
OyamO nwere mmasị n'ịde egwuregwu dị ka ọrụ, mgbe, mgbe ọ rụsịrị ọrụ na New Lafayette Theater dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ọkụ ọkụ, ọ na-ewere klas edemede nke Ed Bullins, bụ onye ghọrọ onye nduzi ya. 

Ọ kụzirila na Mahadum Princeton, College of New Rochelle, Mahadum Emory, na The University of Iowa's Playwrights Workshop. Na 1989 ọ malitere ịkụzi na Mahadum Michigan, ebe ọ bụ ugbu a prọfesọ na-akpakọrịta nke ihe nkiri na Bekee.  

## Na-arụ ọrụ

### Onye odee egwu

* *Mkpebi* (1969)
* *Party ikpeazụ* (1970)
* *Nsogbu Juice* (1974)
* *Mbilite n'ọnwụ nke Lady Lester* (1981)
* *Ịbụ Joy* (1988)
* *Orpheus a ma ama* (1991)
* *Ndị mmụọ ozi nọ n'ọnụ ụlọ ndị nwoke* (1992)
* *Abụ m nwoke* (1992)
* *Na Agba Ndụ* (1992)
* *Pink na Say* (1996)
* *Amara enweghị oke* (1997)
* *Ka m dịrị ndụ* (1998)
* *Onye oji ojii* (1998)
* *Liyanja* (1998)
* *Na Agba Ndụ* (1999)
* *Mundele* (2001)
* *Harry na Streetbeat* (2001)
* *Onye nkuzi mgbaasị* (2006)
* *Paradise Club* (2007)
* *Obodo dị n'akụkụ mmiri* (2007)
* *Abụ Jubili* (2008) 

## Nkwanye ugwu
Ọ bụ onye nnata nke Mmekọrịta Guggenheim, yana mkpakọrịta sitere na ntọala Rockefeller, McKnight, na Berrilla Kerr. Ọ bụkwa onye nnata mkpakọrịta atọ sitere na National Endowment for Arts .   N'afọ 1999, ọ natara ihe nrite Eric Kocher Playwright's Award for *the White Black Man.* 

## Ndụ onwe onye
OyamO nwere umu ise. 

O kwuputala na a gbara ajụjụ ọnụ na ọ gbanwere aha ya site na aha ọmụmụ ya bụ Charles Gordon gaa OyamO iji kewapụ onwe ya na onye na-ede egwuregwu bụ Charles Gordone . Aha OyamO sitere n'aka ụmụaka nọ n'agbataobi ya na New York, nke pụtara na ọ bụ egwuregwu na sweatshirt University nke Miami Ohio.   

## Ntụaka
York, ebe ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Harlem's Black Theatre Workshop . Na 1970, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ nzere bachelọ na College of New Rochelle . Ọ gara n'ihu
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Azure D. Osborne-Lee

**Azure D. Osborne-Lee** bụ onye America na-eme ihe nkiri. Ejije ya gụnyere “Prooked Parts,” nke e bipụtara na *The Methuen Drama Book of Trans Plays*,  na “Mirrors,” nke ewepụtara na New York Theater Workshop na 2020.  Osborne-Lee akụziwo na New School kemgbe mmiri 2022. 

## Ntụaka
ihe nkiri. Ejije ya gụnyere

Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Antoinette Nwandu

**Antoinette Nwandu** bụ onye odee egwuregwu America dabere na New York.

## ndabere
Antoinette Nwandu mụrụ ma zụlite na Los Angeles. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Harvard, Mahadum Edinburgh, na Tisch School of Arts . Ọ bụ onye otu Ars Nova Play Group, bụrụkwa 2015–2016 Naked Angels Issues Playlab Resident na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Ọhụrụ maka Ịrụ nka.  Nwandu bụkwa onye 2013–2014 Dramatists Guild Fellow na onye otu Eugene O'Neill Playwrights Conference . Ọ na-eji otu okwu akpọrọ Scribes ensemble. 

Nwandu arụkọla ọrụ na Cherry Lane Mentor Project,  Page73,  Ars Nova,  The Flea,  Ndị mmụọ ozi gba ọtọ, Ọkụ Oge a,  The Movement Theater Company,  WordBRIDGE, na Dreamscape Ụlọ ihe nkiri.  Ọ natala Lorraine Hansberry Playwriting Award  maka *Flat Sam* na 2009 yana ihe nrite Douglas Turner Ward nke Negro Ensemble Company.  Ọ bụkwa onye na-egwu egwuregwu nke New York Fellowship finalist, onye ikpeazụ mmekọ ibe73, NBT (National Black Theatre) Abụ m onye mmekọ ikpeazụ, na onye mmeri nke Princess Grace Award. 

N'afọ 2015, egwuregwu Nwandu *Pass Over* bụ onye ikpeazụ maka ihe nrite Ruby.  Agụnyere ya na 2016 *Kilroys' List* .  *Pass Over* premiered na Steppenwolf Theatre Company na Chicago na Mee 2017.  Edekọrọ egwuregwu ahụ na ndụ na Steppenwolf Theatre, nke a na-emezi maka ihe nkiri site n'aka onye na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta Danya Taymor na onye nduzi na onye mmepụta Spike Lee wee malite na Amazon Prime Video na April 20, 2018.    Mpụta mbụ ya na New York bụ na LCT3/Lincoln Center Theatre na June 2018. 

## Ọrụ ndị ama ama

* *FLAT SAM* (2013)
* *Vanna White aghaghị ịnwụ* (2012)
* *Nwa nwoke na agha* (2011)
* *4 Nri* (2012)
* *gafere* (2017)
* *BREACH: ihe ngosi banyere agbụrụ na America site n'anya nwa agbọghọ ojii na-agbake na ịkpọasị onwe ya* (2018)

## Ntụaka
Chicago na Mee 2017.  Edekọrọ egwuregwu ahụ na ndụ na Steppenwolf Theatre, nke a na-emezi maka ihe nkiri site n'aka onye na-
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Karl Sovanka

**Karl Sovanka** ( **Karol Šovánka** ) (7 Maachị 1893 na Uhrovec, na nso Trenčín, Slovakia - 1961 na Östringen, Germany) bụ onye na-ese ihe na onye na-ese ihe. A maara ya n'ụwa niile maka ihe osise ya nke anụmanụ na ebumnuche ịchụ nta.

Ọ bụ onye a ma ama na-ese ihe na onye na-ese ihe si n'obodo Kežmarok . Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Budapest (prof. Ľudovít Mátray), na Brussels (prof. van der Stappen), na Paris. Ọ bụ onye otu egwuregwu ndị na-ese ihe na Slovak na Bratislava .

Sovanka nọ na-ese ime obodo, anụmanụ na ihe ịchụ nta na okike, o mekwara ụfọdụ ihe ọkpụkpụ na iko. N'ihe ngosi na Prague na 1931, e gosipụtara ya na ihe osise mmanụ "Fox in the winter", "Nkịta nwere boar", na ndị ọzọ. E wezụga Slovakia na Prague, o mekwara ihe ngosi na Brno na Budapest.

Ihe osise ndị ọzọ a ma ama: obodo Tatras .

na onye na-ese ihe. A maara ya n'ụwa niile maka ihe osise ya nke anụmanụ na ebumnuche
Felton Perry

**Felton Perry** (amuru Septemba 11, 1945) bu onye omekorita America lara ezumike nka.  Ọ bụ onye ama ama maka ọrụ ya dị ka osote Obrah Eaker na ihe nkiri 1973 *Walking Tall*, yana dịka Inspector Early Smith na ihe nkiri 1973 *Magnum Force*, ihe nkiri nke abụọ na usoro *Dirty Harry* .  Ọrụ Felton ọzọ ama ama bụ na 1987 akụkọ ifo sayensị *RoboCop* dị ka Donald Johnson, onye isi na ụlọ ọrụ Omni Consumer Products (OCP). Ọ kwughachiri ọrụ ya dị ka Johnson na usoro *RoboCop 2* (1990) na *RoboCop 3* (1993).

Perry bụkwa onye na-ede egwuregwu ama ama maka egwuregwu dị ka *Buy the Bi na Bye* nke na 1976 *akwụkwọ akụkọ Progress Bulletin* kpọrọ "offbeat and hilarious black satire with a zinging performance from Ron Thompson ."  

## Ọrụ
Onye otu ndụ nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Studio,  Felton gbara egwu na ihe nkiri telivishọn *Hooperman* dị ka onye nyocha Clarence McNeil. O meela ngosi ndị ọbịa na ọtụtụ usoro TV, gụnyere *227*, *Adam-12*, *Ironside*, *Hill Street Blues*, *LA Law*, *Cagney na Lacey*, *Gịnị na-eme ugbu a !!* , *Mannix*, *The Partridge Family*, *Barnaby Jones*, *The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air*, *NYPD Blue*, *Ikpe ikpe Amy*, *Agha Obodo*, *Murphy Brown*, *Stingray*, *Marcus Welby, MD ,* *Egwuregwu abalị* na *West Wing* .

### Ihe ngosi onyonyo
 

## Ntụaka
nke abụọ na usoro Dirty Harry .  Ọrụ Felton ọzọ ama ama bụ na 1987 akụkọ ifo sayensị
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Robert Earl Price

**Robert Earl Price** (amụrụ 1942) bụ onye America na-ede egwuregwu na onye na-ede uri. Ọ bụ onye nnata ihe nrite nke American Film Institute 's William Wyler award for screenwriting na bụ onye dere akwụkwọ anọ nke abụ ma nweela egwuregwu iri na otu emepụtara na ihe nkiri mpaghara America na mba ofesi na Berlin na Johannesburg. Ọ bụ onye na-ese ihe na-ebi na Ngalaba Drama na Washington College na Chestertown, Maryland, ebe ọ na-ejekwa ozi dị ka onye nduzi nka nke Charles Sumner GAR Post #25, ụlọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke e wuru na 1908 iji sọpụrụ ndị agha America-American nke Civil. Agha.  

## Ndụ mbido
A mụrụ Robert Earl Price na Atlanta, Georgia . O nwere BA site na Clark College na Atlanta wee gụchaa na American Film Institute's Conservatory Film Conservatory na Los Angeles na 1977.

## Ọrụ mmalite
Ọnụahịa nọrọ afọ iri na ise na Los Angeles na-arụ ọrụ na Black film movement na-arụkọ ọrụ na artists metụtara LA Rebellion, gụnyere Julie Dash, Halie Gerima na Charles Burnett . Ọnụahịa natara NAACP Image Award maka ọrụ ya na Black Anti-Defamation Coalition hibere na Pearl Sharp na 1980.  N'ime oge a, Price rụrụ ọrụ dị ka a screenwriter, maka telivishọn na ihe nkiri. Nke a gụnyere naanị otuto na ihe omume *Palmerstown USA* (1980), usoro CBS nke Alex Haley na Norman Lear, yana ọrụ na *Ọrịa Lazarọs* (1978) na *Freedom Road* (1979). 

## Onye na-ede uri na onye na-ede egwuregwu
Site na 1985, Price biri na Atlanta, Georgia ma rụọ ọrụ nke ọma dị ka onye na-ede uri na onye na-ede egwuregwu. A họpụtara ya onye na-ede egwuregwu n'ụlọ na 7 Stages Theatre na Atlanta na 1987. Na 7 Stages, ọ malitere ọtụtụ egwuregwu malite na *Black Cat Bones maka ụmụ asaa* na 1988. Ọtụtụ egwuregwu ya were ndị na-egwu jazz ma ọ bụ blues dị ka isiokwu ha wee lụọ uri na ihe nkiri nnwale: *Yardbird's Vamp* (1990), *Blue Monk* (1996), na *HUSH: Composing Blind Tom Wiggins* (2002). Egwuregwu nke ikpeazụ, dabere na akụkọ eziokwu nke onye pianist savant kpuru ìsì mụrụ dị ka ohu nke Confederate general na inweta aha obodo, Atlanta Journal-Constitution toro ya dị ka "ihe ngosi Atlanta kachasị mkpa nke narị afọ ọhụrụ". E gosipụtara *Blue Monk* dị ka akụkụ nke Olympiad Cultural jikọtara na asọmpi 1996 emere na Atlanta. Egwuregwu ahụ, gbasara Thelonious Monk, mechara mee na Windy Brow Theatre na Johannesburg, South Africa.

Egwuregwu ya *Bịa na My Kitchen* (2006) na-eji akụkọ ifo nke blues guitarist Robert Johnson nkwekọrịta akụkọ ifo ya na ekwensu iji kwurịta nkwekọrịta nke ndị na-eme ememme Africa-American, na ihe odide doro anya dabere na Colin Powell, Jesse Jackson, Condoleezza Rice, na Clarence Thomas .  Egwuregwu ahụ meriri Gene Gabriel Moore Playwriting Award.  A tụlere onyinye nke ọrụ a na akụkọ ifo Robert Johnson na-agbanwe agbanwe na akwụkwọ akụkọ *America's Blues* (2015). 

## Ntụaka
emepụtara na ihe nkiri mpaghara America na mba ofesi na Berlin na Johannesburg. Ọ bụ onye na-isiokwu ha wee lụọ uri na ihe nkiri nnwale: Yardbird's Vamp (1990), Blue Monk (1996), na HUSH:
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Ọdọ Mmiri Oliver

áká_èkpè|thumb| Oliver Lake na Bach Dancing &amp;amp; Dynamite Society, Half Moon Bay CA 3/6/88
**Oliver Lake** (amuru Septemba 14, 1942)  bu onye America jazz saxophonist, onye na-ese ihe, onye na-ede uri, onye na-ede uri, na onye na-ese ihe. A maara ya nke ọma maka alto saxophone, mana ọ na-emekwa na soprano na ọjà.  N'ime 1960s, Ọdọ na-arụ ọrụ na Black Artists Group na St. Louis.  Na 1977, o hiwere World Saxophone Quartet na David Murray, Julius Hemphill, na Hamiet Bluiett .  Lake rụrụ ọrụ na otu Trio 3 ya na Reggie Workman na Andrew Cyrille .  Ọdọ mmiri apụtala n'ihe karịrị ọba 80 dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri, onye ndu na onye egwu akụkụ. Ọ bụ nna nke ọdọ mmiri Gene Lake . Ọdọ mmiri bụ onye bi na Montclair, New Jersey . 

## Ihe nrite na nkwanye ugwu

* Mmekọrịta Guggenheim (1993)
* Mellon Jazz Living Legacy Award (2006)
* Doris Duke na-eme ihe nrite nka (2014)

### Dị ka sideman
**Mụ na [[Björk]]**

* *Mpụta mbụ* (Otu obere ndị India, 1993)
* *Ememe Osisi na Ọla* (MTV, 1997)
* *Gbara ya gburugburu* (Otu obere India, 2006)

**Na World Saxophone Quartet**

* *Ebe Ọ dịghị Nlọghachi* (Egwu Moers, 1977)
* *Steppin' na Quartet nke ụwa Saxophone* (Black Saint, 1979)
* *WSQ* (Black Saint, 1981)
* *Revue* (Black Saint, 1982)
* *Bi na Zurich* (Black Saint, 1984)
* *Bi na Brooklyn Academy of Music* (Black Saint, 1986)
* *Egwuru Duke Ellington* (Elektra Nonesuch, 1986)
* *Ịgba egwu na Ballads* (Elektra Nonesuch, 1987)
* *Rhythm na Blues* (Elektra Egwu, 1989)
* *Metamorphosis* (Elektra Nonesuch, 1991)
* *Ịga n'akụkụ aka nri* (Black Saint, 1994)
* *Ume nke Ndụ* (Elektra Nonesuch, 1994)
* *Takin' It 2 ọkwa na-esote* (Justin Time, 1996)
* *Anọ Ugbu a* (Oge Oge, 1996)
* *Selim Sivad: Ụtụ nye Miles Davis* (Justin Time, 1998)
* *M'Bizo* (Oge Oge, 1999)
* *Ihe achọrọ maka Julius* (Justin Time, 2000)
* *Afọ 25th: Isi Ọhụrụ* (Justin Time, 2001)
* *Steppenwolf* (Oge Oge, 2002)
* *Ahụmahụ* (Justin Time, 2004)
* *Ọchịchị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị* (Justin Time, 2006)

## Ntụaka
na-emekwa na soprano na ọjà.  N'ime 1960s, Ọdọ na-arụ ọrụ na Black Artists Group na St. Louis.  Na 1977, o hiwere World
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ