Jae Jarrell

**Elaine “Jae” Jarrell** (amụrụ Elaine Annette Johnson na 1935) bụ onye omenkà America kacha mara maka ụdị ejiji ya yana itinye aka na Black Arts Movement nke 1960.

Na 1968, Jarrell, ya na Wadsworth Jarrell, Jeff Donaldson, Barbara Jones-Hogu, na Gerald Williams, hiwere AfriCOBRA, Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ndị Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ndị Na-adịghị Mma.  Mmasị ya bụ imepụta uwe na-akwalite nkwanye ùgwù na obodo ndị America America. 

## Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
Jarrell tolitere na mpaghara akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Glenville na Cleveland, Ohio .  N'ịbụ onye nna nna ya, Jay Jarrell, na ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-akwa akwa, Jarrell mụtara banyere akwa na ịkwa akwa mgbe ọ dị obere.  Ọ bụ ịmụta nkà ndị a mere ka ọ bụrụ onye na-ese ihe, onye na-emepụta ejiji, na onye na-ere ákwà vine. Ihe ịga nke ọma nke ụlọ ahịa haberdashery nke nwanne nna ya, bụ ebe ọ na-ere ákwà na ngwá ọrụ ịkwa akwa, metụtara ya. Ihe ndị ọ rụzuru na azụmahịa mere ka ọ chọọ imepe ụlọ ahịa nke ya. 

Na mgbakwunye na mmetụta nke nna nna ya na nwanne nna ya, nne ya kpọọrọ ya gaa n'ụlọ ahịa ndị na-emepụta mmanya vine ma kụziere ya ịkwanyere ọrụ aka na-eme uwe ùgwù.  Nke a setịpụrụ Jarrell n'ihu n'ụzọ ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe. Mgbe ọ na-ekwu maka ahụmahụ a na Rose Bouthillier (2015), Jarrell kwuru:"Ya mere, m na-eche mgbe niile ịme uwe iji nweta ihe pụrụ iche, na mgbe e mesịrị, m mụtara ịkwa akwa nke ọma ma mee ka ọ bụrụ ọrụ m na-eme ka uwe m mgbe niile. M nwekwara ịhụnanya maka vintage, ebe m maara na ọ nwere ihe nzuzo nke ihe nzuzo. oge gara aga nke m nwere ike ịkọwapụta," (p. 64).Jarrell gara Bowling Green State University na northwest Ohio tupu ọ kwaga Chicago ịga ụlọ akwụkwọ nke Art Institute of Chicago  N'ime ngwụcha 1950s na mmalite 60s, ọ gara otu ụlọ akwụkwọ nka dịka Wadsworth Jarrell, onye omenkà ibe ga-emecha. bụrụ di ya  Otú ọ dị, di na nwunye ahụ ezuteghị ruo 1963 ka Jarrell meghere ụlọ ahịa vintage nke ya 

## Ọrụ

### Chicago
N'oge ọ bụ nwata na Chicago, Jarrell rụrụ ọrụ nwa oge na Motorola . N'oge ọ nọ n'ebe ahụ, otu nwanyị na-arụkọ ọrụ na-enyere ya aka ịmepụta aha ahụ, "Jae", nke ọ nọgidere na-eji mgbe ọ na-emepụta nkà ya.  Dị ka Jarrell si kwuo, mgbe ọ kesasịrị ọchịchọ nzuzo ya ịbụ onye mmepụta na inwe ụlọ ahịa, nwanyị ahụ tụrụ aro ka ọ jiri usoro ntụgharị aha nwa agbọghọ ya, Elaine Annette Johnson, dị ka mkpọokwu.  N'ịgbaso ndụmọdụ ya, Jarrell meghere ụlọ ahịa dị nso na Hyde Park a ma ama wee kpọọ ya "Jae nke Hyde Park." 

Chicago ga-adịkwa mkpa maka ma Jae na Wadsworth, n'ihi na ọ ga-abụ obodo ebe ha ga-enyere aka ịmepụta AfriCOBRA. N'ajụjụ ọnụ, Jarrell kwadoro Chicago maka ịbụ obodo na-eche echiche n'ihu ma nwee ekele maka imeghe obi ya; na-enweghị àgwà ndị a, ọ na-ekwu na ya ejighị n'aka ma AfriCOBRA gaara eme nke ọma. 

Na 1967, ọ lụrụ Wadsworth Jarrell, na ha nwere ezumike na Nassau, Bahamas . Ọ mụrụ nwa mbụ ha, Wadsworth Jr., na Jenụwarị 7, 1968. Mgbe ha mụsịrị nwa ha nke abụọ, Jennifer, Jarrell kpebiri ịkwaga New York iji gbanarị ndakpọ obodo na nke akụ na ụba na Chicago. 

N'ịgbaso itinye aka ya na AfriCOBRA na Chicago, Jarrell ga-emecha kwaga Washington DC ka ọ nwetaghachi mmụta site n'ịmecha BFA na ọrụ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Howard University . 

### AfriCobra
Emebere ọtụtụ nka Jarrell dị ka onye otu AfriCOBRA, ndị otu ndị na-ese ihe n'Amerika nke chọrọ ịkpọku ụdị nka nke nka Africa ma na-enye oku siri ike maka mgbanwe. AfriCOBRA mebere site na foduru nke Coalition of Black Revolutionary Artists (COBRA) wee gbatịa gburugburu echiche nke mpako ojii na ike ojii nke na-abịa site na inwe mmetụta dị ike na iguzo ogologo  AfriCOBRA ọbụna nwere akwụkwọ akụkọ nke otu n'ime ndị guzobere ya dere., Jeff Donaldson, nke o depụtara ụfọdụ n'ime isi ihe na-eme nka nke AfriCOBRA yana ihe mkpokọta pụtara. N'otu akụkụ, Donaldson kwuru maka ụdị nka ndị òtù ahụ ga-eme, na-ekwu na ọ ga-adaba n'otu n'ime ụzọ atọ:

# Nkọwa - onyonyo na-emetụta oge gara aga.
# Identification — oyiyi ndị metụtara ugbu a.
# Ntuziaka - onyonyo na-ele anya n'ọdịnihu. 

N'ịga n'ihu na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ, Donaldson nyere nkọwa zuru oke banyere ntụziaka nka nke mkpokọta, na-enye ndepụta nke àgwà ndị ọ gbuturu na isii kachasị mkpa bụ ndị a:

# Ngosipụta egwu - mmetụta "na onye ahụ nwere ahụmahụ na nka na ndụ Africa na USA";
# Symmetry na Rhythm - "mmegharị na mgbanwe, dabere na egwu Africa na mmegharị Africa";
# Mimesis - "gbakwunyere na mwepu, ihe nkịtị na ihe";
# Organic na-ele anya - "Anyị chọrọ ka ọrụ ahụ dị ka onye okike mere ya site na anyị";
# Na-enwu - "Anyị chọrọ ka ihe ndị ahụ na-egbuke egbuke, na-enwe ọganihu bara ụba nke a na-asacha naanị 'fro, nke akpụkpọ ụkwụ na-egbuke egbuke, nke na-egbuke egbuke na ikpere na ikpere na imi";
# Agba - "ụcha na-egbuke egbuke, agba nke na-enweghị iwu na ụkpụrụ…. Agba nke dị egwu n'ụzọ doro anya". 

N'agbanyeghị na a na-achịkọta ya n'otu ebe ahụ dị ka ndị Black Panthers na ndị ọzọ na-egbuke egbuke Black otu, AfriCOBRA, dị ka Jarrell hụrụ ya, mgbe niile na-akpali site positivity na ike nke African America. N'otu ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, Jarrell kwuru banyere otu o si jiri akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka ntụaka naanị mgbe ọ na-ele anya n'oge ike Afrika ma si otú a zere iji ihe ndị dị ka nkewa dị ka ihe ntụaka, ọ bụghị naanị maka onwe ya, kamakwa maka mkpokọta AfriCOBRA. 

Jarrell's Urban Wall Suit (1969) bụ mpempe sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ graffiti na akwụkwọ mmado egwu juru n'okporo ụzọ na mpaghara ndị America America na Chicago.  Jarrell webatara ọchịchọ AfriCOBRA iji asụsụ mesie onyonyo ike site n'ime ka uwe ahụ bụrụ akara nke bọọdụ ozi nke obodo. N'ime uwe ahụ niile, enwere onyonyo nke akwụkwọ mmado na-ekwupụta ihe dị ka "Vote Democrat" yana ozi graffiti ọcha na-ekwu ihe dị ka "Black Princess" na "Miss Attitude." Ọzọkwa, ya na Urban Wall Suit, Jarrell jigharịrị akwa ya iji soro otu n'ime ụkpụrụ AfriCOBRA, nke bụ imegharị onwe gị iji mepụta ihe dị ọhụrụ.  Ọ na-eji obere iberibe na iberibe ihe ndị dị n'ụlọ ahịa ya mee patchwork yiri brik, na-agbakwụnye rịbọn velvet dị ka ngwa agha.  Mpempe akwa ndị a nwere agba na ụkpụrụ dị iche iche, gụnyere eriri, ntụpọ polka, na plaid. O webatara ihe odide na akwụkwọ mmado ndị yiri bọọdụ ozi. 

Ndị otu AfriCOBRA kọwara onwe ha dịka 'ezinụlọ'. Ha gbakọtara na nkwado, na-ejikọta ụdị ha pụrụ iche ka ọ bụrụ ihe ịchọ mma mkpokọta. N'ime nke a, otu ahụ nwere ike ịnọchite anya ịdị n'otu na ike na nka ha na mmegharị ha, ebe ha ka na-ahapụ akụkụ ha na ụdị ha n'otu n'otu n'ime ihe osise ha ọ bụla.  Site n'ijikọta ọnụ a, 'ezinaụlọ' n'ihu ndị otu AfriCOBRA nwere ike jụ echiche agbụrụ dị ka nke ezinaụlọ ndị isi ojii na-adịghị arụ ọrụ. Mgbalị ha jikọtara ọnụ wetara ndị obodo olu; olu na-anọchi anya ozi na mmegharị ha site na nka ha.  Ọ bụ ezie na Jae Jarrell na di ya nọgidere na-arụkọ ọrụ na ezinụlọ nka ha maka mmegharị ha ji obi ha dum kwenye, ha mechara pụọ na njikọ aka ahụ. Jarrell ekwupụtala mmetụta na-adịgide adịgide na nke dị ugbu a AfriCOBRA nwere na nka ya - ha ahapụghị njikọta kpamkpam, ntụzịaka nke ọdịnihu ha dị nnọọ iche.

Agbanyeghi na Jarrell anọghịzi na mkpokọta AfriCOBRA, ọ ka na-ejide ndị niile bụbu akụkụ nke mkpokọta dịka ezinụlọ wee kwuo na ha ka na-emetụta ya mgbe ọ na-eme nka ruo taa. 

N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Rebecca Zorach Jae Jarrell na-akọwa na AfriCOBRA,"Ọ dị ka ezinụlọ, ị maara, ị gaghị ahapụ onwe gị na ezinụlọ gị. Ị nwere ike na-eto eto, na ị nwere ike ịghọta mgbe niile ndị na-akwagaghị n'otu ụdị ntụziaka ị nwere, ma e nwere asụsụ ị nwere, na ilekọta anya na ntụkwasị obi na nkwanye ùgwù Ọ na-aga n'ụzọ dị anya. 

### Mgbe e mesịrị ọrụ
N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, Jarrell atụgharịala uche ya site na imewe gaa n'ịkpụ akpụ na ịrụ arịa ụlọ.  Ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ ya n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, nke e gosipụtara na ihe ngosi "Otu esi anọgide na-abụ mmadụ" na Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland, gụnyere " Maasai Collar Vest" (2015), " Shields and Candelabra Vest" (2015), na "Jazz Scramble". Jacket" (2015). "Maasai Collar Vest" (2015) na-echetara uwe na ihe ịchọ mma nke ndị Maasai na Africa.  Mpempe akwụkwọ a na-adọta echiche nke ịnakwere ihe nketa Africa, nke bụ ihe a na-ahụ n'oge ọrụ ya niile. Jarrell gara n'ihu na-ekwusi ike na nka na omenala Africa na " Shields and Candelabra Vest" (2015) site n'ime ka mpempe si na osisi cactus tụgharịa iji mee okpokolo agba maka ọta Africa dị egwu.  Maka ya "Jazz Scrabble Jacket" (2015), Jarrell na-achịkọta echiche nke egwu jazz na blues na ihe oyiyi sitere na egwuregwu bọọlụ, Scrabble .  N'iṅomi akụkụ okwu mkparịta ụka nke Scrabble, Jarrell na-ejikọta aha ndị egwu dị mkpa iji nyochaa mmetụta egwu na-ewu ihe nkiri, ụdị, ike, na akụkọ ihe mere eme maka obodo ndị America America. 

## Ihe ngosi
Ọrụ Jarrell apụtala n'ọtụtụ nnukwu ihe ngosi, gụnyere ihe ngosi 2014 nke Brooklyn Museum of Art's "Witness: Art and Civil Rights in the sixties" na Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland's 2015 ngosi "Otu esi Anọgidere Mmadụ".  E gosikwara ọrụ Jarrell na ihe ngosi 2015 "The Freedom Principle: Experiments in Art and Music", "1965 ruo Ugbu a" na Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago (MoCAC). Na 2019, ọrụ ya, nke lekwasịrị anya na uwe nwere mgbanwe mgbanwe, ka egosipụtara ya na ndị nka ndị ọzọ na The Broad na Los Angeles na ihe ngosi pụrụ iche akpọrọ "Mkpụrụ Obi nke Mba".

Uwe ya bụ nke mkpokọta nzuzo yana nke mkpokọta na-adịgide adịgide na Museum of Art Brooklyn. 

## Ntụaka
 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Jae Jarrell na Brooklyn Museum
Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations