open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Okuku, Osun State

Okuku bụ obodo dị na Odo Otin Local Government Area nke Ọṣun State, Nigeria.

Okuku dị ihe dịka 10 miles (16 km) north of Ikirun .  [1] Ọ bụ ebe nchegbu Prince Olagunsoye Oyinlola ( dhoof 1951), onye jere ozi dịka ụdị Osun steeti na Naijiria site na 2003 ruo 2010. [2] [3] Osun State University nwere ike dị na Okuku, nke bụ ebe nke nke  Management na Social Sciences.  [4] Ọ bụkwa ebe onye ọkaikpe Late [Prince] si malite TA Irinoye nke Steeti Gongola arụrụ arụ (1927 - 1992)

## Mmalite
Ndi Yoruba bi na Okuku .  [5] Omenala kwuru na ọ bụ Oladile, onye si n'eriri Oduduwa hiwere ya.  Ya na ike ya Alara, Ajero na Ọrangun na Ile-Ife otu oge.  [6] Oladile biri n'ebe di nso n'osimiri Otin a na-akpo Iko-Ikin, nke putara "nkpuru nkwu".  Aha ahụ wee bụrụ Kookin.  Kookin bụ nnukwu obodo bara uru, ebe a na-arụ ọrụ.  N'ihe dị ka afọ 1760 Kookin meri ndị Ijesha n'agha.  Ndị lanarịra ahụ kwagara kilomita ole na ole n'ebe ugwu site na mkpọmkpọ ebe nke Kookin wee hiwe ebe obibi nke Okuku.. [6]

Dị ka akụkọ ifo si kwuo, chi nwanyị Otin, nke a kpọnyere n'Osimiri Otin, chebere Okuku ka ndị iro ghara ịwakpo ya, ya mere ndị obodo ahụ na-efe ya. [7] Otin bụ onye obodo Ọtan, mana ọ bịara Okuku ịlụ ọgụ megide mwakpo ndị agbata obi ya. [8]

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Okuku nọ n'okpuru ntọala Oyo n'oge tupu ike Old Oyo, na mgbe ahụ na Ilorin Emirate, nke nwere onye ikike n'obodo ahụ.  N'afọ 1878 Ibadan meri n'agha a na-alụ na Ikurin n'agha Jalumi, ma ziga onye nri ya n'obodo ahụ.  [1] ihe obodo ahụ n'okpuru 1911 nsogbu onye bi na Captain Cyril Hammond Elgee na ndị isi Ibadan ka ha shan oke n'etiti Okuku na Iba dị nso.  Edozighị ahụ ruo nke afọ 1930. Na 1935 Ivor Frederick Wentworth Schofield dere njikọ obodo ahụ.  O mere achicha na e nwere ndị bi na 1,606, ma rịba ama “m mind ume na ime ihe ike” nke ndị mmadụ.  Enwere ike ime obodo ahụ site na ụkwụ ruo mgbọrọgwụ 1930s, mgbe e wuru okporo ụzọ nwere mbụ ike ibu ụgbọ ala. [1]

E ji koko na osisi kola kwo ala ubi Okuku kpam kpam n'afọ 1930 na 1940. Iche na-eji afọ 1940 ka osisi ndị ahụ kpọrọ awụ ndụ ha kacha ike ma ala ahụ gwụchara.  A manyere ndị ọrụ ugborụ ma ọ bụ ịgbazite ala dị anya site n'obodo ahụ, na-ebe dị anya.  Ha ga-ebi n'ala ha site na March ruo November, na-ahapụ ahụ nye ndị agadi na-ama.  [9] Ọnwa sitere na Disemba ruo February ga-abụ oge mmemme ọha na eze n'obodo ahụ, maka ịhụ na olili ozu, yana mmemme mmemme ekeresimesi na afọ ọhụrụ [10]

## Ntụaka
**Isi mmalite**
Okeho

Okeho bụ obodo dị na Kajola Oyo State South West Nigeria .  Ọ bụ isi ụlọ ọrụ Kajola Local Government .

## Ebe
Ọ bụ obodo mkpa na, obodo na-emepe mgba na mpaghara Òkè Ógùn nke steeti Oyo.  [1] Ọ bụ ugwu na gbara ya gburugburu, obodo ndị dị n’Ilero, Ilua, Ayetoro-oke, Isemi ile, Iwere-oke, na Ilaji-oke gbara ya gburugburu.  [2] Obodo dị n'ebe dị ike ma nwee ezi obi ala mara mma, na-echeta ngosi ma mara mma.  A na-abụ ya dị ka ihe nlegharị anya.  A na-ekwu na anya panoramic ya dị ebube. 

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
thumb|Okeho Hill
Okeho nọbu na ugwu na ugwu, mana ọ kwagara  ruo na ndagwurugwu n'ihi mwakpo ndị iro. Okeho bụ mkpokọta obodo iri na otu ndị ji aka ha kpebie ịgbakọ ọnụ maka nchekwa na ịlanarị onwe ha.

Okeho bụ obodo ochie nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme. Ọ bụbu isi ụlọ ọrụ Ọkehò/Ìgànná District Council n'oge Ọchịchị Ọchịchị na ọtụtụ afọ ka e mesịrị.

N’ihi mgbanwe e mere na Local Government Reforms nke 1976, e gbanwere aha Ọkehọ/Ìgànná ka ọ bụrụ Kájọlà mgbe Ọchịchị Obodo.

N'ọnwa Disemba 4, 1996, a kpụrụ ọchịchị ime obodo nke Ìwájọwà nwere isi ụlọ ọrụ dị na Ìwéré'lé n'ime Kájọlà.

Ewezuga ịbụ isi ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị Kájọlà, Ọkehọ bụ otu n'ime nnukwu obodo dị na mpaghara Òkèògùn nke dị na Ọyọyọ North Senatorial District nke Ọ̀yọ̀ State nke nwere ọchịchị ime obodo iri.

Obodo gbakọrọ ọnụ bụ Isia, Olele, Isemi, Imoba, Gbonje, Oke-Ogun, Ọgan, Bode, Pamo, Alubo na Ijo. 

Baale nke Ijo, bụ onye isi obodo ahụ, bụ onye malitere usoro a ma na-agbasi mbọ ike ka ọ na-akpọ ndị ọzọ. Omume achọghị ọdịmma onwe onye a nke otu a mere akara ya dị ka ndị isi ndị ọzọ, bụ ndị nakweere n'ozuzu idu ndú nke mmezi ọhụrụ ahụ. 

Okeho mere emume otu narị afọ ya si n'obodo ochie ahụ laghachi na 2017. 

Onye na-achị isi bụ Onjo nke Okeho, nke dị ugbu a bụ Royal Majesty, Oba Rafiu Osuolale Mustapha, Adeitan II.  Enweela Onjo iri na asatọ ruo ugbu a. "A nostalgic reflection and on a valley town Okeho". *The Guardian*.

## Ndị mmadụ
thumb| Short History of Oral nke Okeho n'asụsụ Onko site n'ọnụ onye na-asụ obodo
Ndị Okeho bụ ndị Yoruba .  A na-ekwere na ndị dị iche iche dị n'ime obodo bụ ụdị Yoruba dị iche iche, nke a na-akpọ Onko ma vidiyo na dị ka onye amaala na-asụ olumba. 

## Akụ na ụba
Ụmụ amaala na- ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị ọrụ.  [7] A na-akpọkarị Okeho dị ka nkata nri steeti Oyo.  Na akụ na mụrụ Oheko, ndị mmadụ na-atụnye ụtụ n'otu akpa ego maka akara obodo site n'ịkwado ndị na-emecha ego ya na-enye echiche. "Okeho in History a Clarion call to community service". *Blue Print*.

Usoro a gbanyere ndụ site n'ịkwalite iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe na ozi obi, omenala a na-ama n'agbụrụ ndị Yoruba a na-akpọ Omoluwabi .  Nke a gbasara azụmahịa na n'ọma akara ebe ndị akara nwere ndị na-ekiri akara akara na-anya ha bụ ndị ha ịkpọ obi na ike ha. /link>&#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Ntụaka

Òtù:Ama ukwu nor na Naigeria
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Omuo

Omuo-Ekiti bụ obodo oge ochie dị na ntọala nke steeti Ekiti na-egosi Naijiria, yana oche nke ime obodo Ekiti-East .  N'ịbụ n'ime ala Yoruba, ndị bi na ya na steeti Ekiti bụ ndị Yoruba [1] Ọ dị na oke ala Ondo.

## nchịkwa
Omuo-Ekiti bụ isi ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị ime ọwụwa anyanwụ Ekiti.

The traditional ruler of Omuo Kingdom is the "Olomuo", current Oba Noah Omonigbehin, Okinbaloye II.  Ndị isi ya na-akwado Olisa nke Ilisa, Chief Olatunbosun Orojo.  Ilisa bụ ụlọ eze nke Omuo-Ekiti nke akpọ Oke-Iloro, Egunje, Omodowa, Apoge, Adumari, na obodo ndị ọzọ.  Ndị isi ndị ọzọ dị elu na Omuo Ekiti ịkpọ Odofin nke Iludofin, Ajero nke Ijero na Alawe nke Iworo.  Ndị isi ndị ọzọ na-elekọta Ekurugbe, Ahan, Oya, Oruju, Edugbe na Araromi. 

## Geography na igwe mmadụ
Omuo-Ekiti dị ihe dị ka afọ iri asaa na ise km away from Ado Ekiti, Ekiti state capital.  Obodo a dị na mpaghara omenala ndị Yoruba, nweekwa ọtụtụ ndị ahịa bi yana Yehova na ndị mmadụ .  Balogun Usthman (aka DODO-NDAWA) butere Islam na Omuo Ekiti.  , onye agha nke gbachitere Omuo-Ekiti n'aka ndị ohu n'oge ozi nke nhazi ahụ.  [ mgbe ole?  ] N'afọ 2001, ndị bi n'obodo ahụ ụmụaka 6000.

## Ihu igwe na ahịhịa
Omuo-Ekiti na-enwe ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ nke nwere oge dị iche iche: oge ​​mmiri ozuzo, n'etiti ụgbọ na October, na oge ọkọchị, n'etiti November na March.  Ọnọdụ sitere na 21 Celsius C ruo 29 Celsius C nwere oke iru mmiri.  Ifufe na-adị na ndịda-ọdịda ọmụmụ n'oge mmiri ozuzo, ebe ikuku ahia ugwu na-egosi ( Harmattan ) na-akacha n'oge ọkọchị.

Omuo-Ekiti nwere oke mkpa na savannas.  Obodo a bụ ebe a na-ere ahaha akpụ na nduku uru na mpaghara gbara ya gburugburu, nke na-enyere aka n'ihu mba ha.

## Agụmakwụkwọ
Omuo nwere ụlọ akwụkwọ dị iche iche, gụnyere Polytechnic Omuo, Omuo Comprehensive High School, Omuo Ore Secondary School, Amunnu Comprehensive High School, Omuo Community Grammar School, na ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ndị ọzọ nke gọọmentị na nke onwe.

## Ahịa
Omuo bụ otu n'ime isi obodo azụmahịa na steeti Ekiti, nwere ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na ahịa, gụnyere ahịa Oja-Obadore na Omuo Community Market Kota.

## Mmekọrịta agbụrụ
N'agbanyeghị na ọ bụ obodo Yoruba, Omuo bụ ndị ahịa ndị ọzọ, ndị Igbo, Hausa, Ebira, Fulani na Ijaw .

## Ememme
Omuo nwere ikike nwere ọtụtụ mmemme.  Ememme Ayan na Iludofin na-ọtụtụ ọtụtụ ndị bi na ya ime ememe.  Omuo bụ obodo, mana ọ na-eme mmemme mmemme ndị dị ka Eid al-Adha, Eid al-Fitr, na Eid Kabir, texture Ndị dị ka ekeresimesi na Ista, na ọhụrụ.  Omuo Ekiti na-eme mmemme ji ya n'akụkụ asaa nke Julaị afụ ọ ALA.

## Ntụaka

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ebe Google Maps
* 
* 
* 
* 
*
Opobo

Ebe Opobo bụ ụlọ 67 War Canoe nke agba agba na ngalaba iri na anọ ("polos").  Nkeji iri na anọ bụ Adibie, Biriye, Diepiri, Dapu, Dappa Ye Amakiri, Epelle na Fubarakworo.  Ndị ọzọ bụ Iroanya, Jaja, Kala-omuso, Okonu-wariapu, Kiepirima, Owujie na Tolofari.  

Ihe obodo obodo iri atɔ osisi Opobo.  Ụfọdụ Opobo obodo dị na Rivers State: Opobo Town (the traditional capital of Opobo Kingdom), Queens Town, Ayaminima, Oloma, Epellema, Ekereborikiri, Iwo-ama Atoki, Cornelius Village, Minima, Kalasunju, Kalaibiama Abasibie, Okpukpo n'etiti  ndị ọzọ;  ebe ụfọdụ Opobo obodo dị na Akwa Ibom steeti ndị a: Kampa, Opukalama, Amadiari, Apiafi Village, Cookey Village, Fibiri, na ndị ọzọ.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
[thumb|220x220px| [Ihe Ncheta Eze Jaja nke Opobo|King Jaja of Opobo Memorial]]
Opobo dị n'ụdị ụmụaka nke mbụ Bonny .  Jubo Jubogha onye nchoputa Opubo-ama (Opobo Kingdom) bụbu ohu ijidere na obodo Amaigbo dị n'Imo steeti ugbu a.  Ọ ga-emesịa bilie site n'ịbụ ohu wee duru Opubo Anna Pepple chieftaincy house of Bonny [3] Na 1870, Jubo bu ụzọ bịarute ebe a na-akpọ Opobo ugbu a, ebe ọ kwagara ebe ahụ n'ihi agha obodo na Bonny  n'etiti ndị na-eso ya na ndị Chief Oko Jumbo., onye ndu nke isiokwu ndị isi obodo Manilla Pepple .  [4] Eze ahụ set steeti ọhụrụ ya aha Amanyanabo Opubo "Pepple" Perekule the Great, eze Pepple na Bonny chịrị ebe ahụ saịtị na 1792 ruo 1830.

## Ndị ama ama

* Kenneth Minimah, CFR, onye agha ndị agha Naijiria na onye bụbu onyeisi ndị agha Naijiria
* Atedo Peterside, CON, onye ọchụnta ego Naijiria, onye na-akụ ego na onye na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba.
* Dakuku Peterside, onye bụbu Director-General nke Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency, NIMASA.
* Adawari Pepple, onye ọchụnta ego, na onye bụbu Senator.
* thumb|Ihe oyiyi Jaja nke Opobo na Jaja of Opobo Palace, Opobo, Rivers stateAmaopusenibo Sim Fubara His Excellency, The Executive Governor of Rivers State. 

## Ihe ndetu
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## Ntụaka
{{Reflist|em30|refs=<ref name=Jones2001 /

## Ọgụgụ ọzọ

* Burns, Alan. *History of Nigeria*, George Allen & Unwin, 1929.
* Dike, Kenneth O. *Azụmahịa na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Niger Delta, 1830-1885*, Oxford University Press, 1956.
* Nchekwa Annang Heritage, edemede na Annang
* Akụkọ Britannica na Ikot Abasi
* Nair, Kanan K. (1972). *Ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ọha mmadụ na South Eastern Nigeria 1841-1906*, Frank Cass, London.

## Njikọ mpụga

*
Ụdị dị iche iche na-amị mkpụrụ

Ụdị ihe ọkụkụ dị elu (HYVs) nke ihe ọkụkụ na-akọ ugbo na-ejikarị ngwakọta nke àgwà ndị a dị iche na ụdị ndị a na-emekarị:

* Mkpụrụ osisi dị elu n'ebe ọ bụla (hectare) 
* Obere
* Mmeghachi omume ka mma na fatịlaịza
* Ịdabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na ịgba mmiri na fatịlaịza - lee ọrụ ugbo siri ike
* Oge uto ya
* Ịnagide ọtụtụ ọrịa
* Enwere ike ịmepụta ogo dị elu na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe ọkụkụ.

Enwere ike ịchọta HYVs kachasị mkpa n'etiti ọka wit, ọka, soybean, osikapa, poteto, na ogho. A na-eji ha eme ihe nke ukwuu n'ugbo azụmahịa na nke ubi.

HYVs ghọrọ ndị a ma ama na 1960s ma rụọ ọrụ dị mkpa na Green Revolution, ọ bụ ezie na mgbọrọgwụ nna nna ha nwere ike ịbụ okenye. A na-emepụta HYVs na ngalaba nke biotechnology.

## Hụkwa

* Mmetọ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa

## Ebem si de
Hinny

hinny bụ ngwakọ equine nke ụlọ, ụmụ nke ịnyịnya nwoke (agba ịnyịnya) na ịnyịnya ibu nwanyị (jenny). Ọ bụ obe na-atụgharị na inyinya mule nke na-ahụkarị, nke bụ ihe sitere n'ịnyịnya ibu (nkịta) na ịnyịnya nwanyị (nwoke). Hinny dị iche na inyinya mule ma na physiology na temperament n'ihi nbipụta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na ọ dịkwa obere.

## Nkọwa
Hinny bụ nwa nke ịnyịnya ibu na jenny ma ọ bụ ịnyịnya ibu nwanyị, ya mere ọ bụ obe na-agbanwe agbanwe na ịnyịnya ibu a na-ahụkarị nke jack (ịnyịnya ibu nwoke) si n'ụmụ ịnyịnya ibu. Dị ka ịnyịnya ibu, hinny na-egosipụta Ike ngwakọta (heterosis). 

N'ikwu ya n'ozuzu, n'ime ngwakọta abụọ a, akụkụ ihu na isi nke anụmanụ ahụ yiri nke nna, ebe akụkụ azụ na ọdụ yiri nke mmiri ahụ.: 36 A hinny na-adịkarị obere karịa ịnyịnya ibu, nwere ntị dị mkpụmkpụ na isi dị mfe; a na-eme ka ọdụ ya dị ka nke nne ịnyịnya ibu ya.

Ụdị dị iche iche nke hinny na mule bụ akụkụ ụfọdụ nke na-adabere na genomic imprinting - Ihe nketa epigenetic. Hinnies na ịnyịnya ibu dị iche iche n'àgwà n'agbanyeghị ịkekọrịta nuclear genomes; a kwenyere na nke a sitere n'omume nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.

## Ịmụ nwa, ịmụ nwa na ụkọ
Dị ka ọtụtụ akụkọ si kwuo, hinnies bụ ndị na-adịghị amị mkpụrụ ma ha enweghị ike ịmụ nwa.: 37 Hinny nke nwoke nwere ike ịlụ, mana ikuku anaghị amụ nwa. Ọtụtụ enweghị sperm na mmepụta, ndị ọzọ nwere sperm nke na-adịghị emegharị. A na-akọ n'ụzọ dịgasị iche iche na mmiri nke nwa ehi e buuru na Henan Province nke China na 1981 bụ ịnyịnya ibu  ma ọ bụ hinny. 

## Ebem si dee
Ụgbọala Honeywagon

thumb|Ụgbọ ịnyịnya a na-ebu mmanụ aṅụ na Cambridge Bay
Ụgbọ ala mmanụ aṅụ ma ọ bụ ụgbọ ala mmanụ aṅụ bụ okwu ụgha maka "ụgbọala na-ekpo ọkụ" maka ịnakọta na iburu mpụ mmadụ.[1] Enwere ike iji ụgbọ ala ndị a wụsa tankị nsị nke ụlọ, ebe a na-asa ụgbọ elu, ụlọ mposi ụgbọ oloko ndị njem na n'ogige na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri yana ụlọ mposi nwere ike ibugharị. A na-eche na usoro ọmụmụ ndị mmadụ n'azụ aha 'honeywagon' na-emetụta mmiri mmiri na-acha mmanụ aṅụ na-esi na ya pụta mgbe ị na-ekpochapụ tankị ndị ahụ.  &#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Ụgbọ mmiri aṅụ bụ ụgbọ ala ịnyịnya na-adọkpụ na mbụ nke na-agafe n'okporo ụzọ azụ iji nakọta nsị mmadụ. Ụlọ n'oge ahụ enweghị ụlọ mposi ma ọ bụ n'ezie ụdị ọ bụla nke ime ụlọ karịa ụlọ mposi. N'ime ime obodo, a na-ejikọta ụlọ mposi (nke onwe) na ụlọ mposi dị iche iche, mana ọtụtụ obodo na obodo ukwu dabere na ụdị ụfọdụ nke ụlọ mposi, nke chọrọ ịwụcha mmiri ugboro ugboro. Na ụlọ mposi ọ bụla dị n'èzí, onye ọkwọ ụgbọala (honey dipper) ga-akwụsị ụgbọ ala ahụ, tụgharịa ọnụ ụzọ azụ (ọnụ ụzọ ọnyà) nke ụlọ mposi ahụ, wepụ bọket ahụ (bucket), were ya, ma tụfuo ihe dị n'ime otu n'ime ọkara barel asatọ nke osisi oak n'ime igbe ụgbọ ala ahụ. Ọkara barel enweghị mkpuchi.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;&#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup> ndị a dị ka dunnies na Australia, ya mere "dunnywagon" nke "dunnymen" na-akwọ. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 

== Ojiji na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri na telivishọn ==
**Ụgbọ mmiri aṅụ** na-akpọ honeywagon bụ [[ụlọ mposi a na-ebugharị ebugharị]] nke a na-eji eme ihe nkiri na ụlọ ọrụ telivishọn. Ọtụtụ na-ewere ọdịdị nke ọkara ụgbọala pụrụ iche.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

Na UK ụgbọ mmanụ aṅụ na-ezokarị aka na ụlọ mposi ndị nkedo na ndị ọrụ na-eji. Ndị a na-abịa n'ụdị na nha niile - ma ọ bụ ebe a na-adọkpụ ụgbọala ma ọ bụ wuru n'ime ahụ igbe nke gwongworo. Na America, okwu honeywagon na-enyekarị gwongworo, ụgbọala na-adọkpụ ma ọ bụ ngwakọta nke ha abụọ nwere ọnụ ụlọ ejiji maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri. Ndị a nwere ụlọ mposi n'otu n'otu ma ọ bụ ebe a na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ. Ụfọdụ ụgbọ mmanụ aṅụ ga-abụ nanị nnukwu ụlọ mposi abụọ. Ndị ọzọ bụ ngwakọta nke ọnụ ụlọ dị iche iche maka ebumnuche ụfọdụ: ọnụ ụlọ ndị a nwere ike ịbụ ụlọ ejiji nkeonwe ekenyere otu onye, ​​nnukwu ọnụ ụlọ ahaziri maka akwa akwa, ma ọ bụ ngalaba etemeete, obere ụlọ mposi maka ndị ọrụ na-ekerịta, yana ọtụtụ onye ọrụ ma ọ bụ onye ọ bụla. ụlọ ịsa ahụ maka ịsa ahụ  &#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

== Ọrụ ==
Onye na-arụ ọrụ na-ejikọta eriri na ebe a na-ewepụ ihe na ụgbọala ntụrụndụ, ụgbọ mmiri ma ọ bụ ụlọ ma na-agbanye ihe mkpofu n'ime tankị ụgbọ ala ahụ. Mgbe tankị ahụ jupụtara, onye na-arụ ọrụ kwesịrị ịhapụ tankị ahụ na ebe a kwadoro ka a na-atụfu tankị ma ọ bụ ọdọ mmiri nsị.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

## Hụkwa

* Bọk mmanụ aṅụ, aha ọzọ maka ụlọ mposi bọket
* Iji aka e wepụ ihe
* Onye na-agbasa nsị

## Ebem si dee
Ugwu

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|250x250px|Hilling (Japanese Une 意) nke a na-akọ ugbo maka scallions iji mụbaa ihe ọkụkụ.
Ịgba ugwu, ịkwa ala ma ọ bụ ịkwagharị bụ usoro a na-arụ ọrụ ugbo na ịkọ ihe ọkụkụ nke ikpokọta ala n'akụkụ ala osisi. Enwere ike iji aka mee ya (na-ejikarị ọja), ma ọ bụ jiri ígwè ọrụ arụ ọrụ, na-abụkarị mgbakwunye traktọ.

Hilling na-eli akụkụ osisi ahụ na-adịkarị n'elu ala, na-akwalite uto a chọrọ. Nke a nwere ike ịgba ume mmepe nke ọzọ tubers (dị ka poteto), ịmanye osisi na-eto eto ogologo ị ga (leeks), ma ọ bụ ụfọdụ a kụrụ (chicory, leeks, asparagus wdg) a blanching Usoro na-eme ka ị ga ma ọ bụ Ome icha mmirimmiri na nro. ma ọ bụ na-emetụta uto ha.

Hilling na-enyere aka igbochi ahịhịa. A pụkwara iji ya mee ka ogwe osisi ndị ikuku na-emetụta ngwa ngwa.

## Ihe Nlereanya
Ntinye a na-ahụkarị nke hilling bụ maka poteto. Osisi ndị ahụ na-eto n'okpuru ala, ma nwee ike ịmepụta chlorophyll na solanine ma ọ bụrụ na a na-ekpughe ya n'ìhè (poteto na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ). Solanine na-egbu egbu na nnukwu doses, ma nwee ike ịkpata agbọ onunu, isi ọwụwa, na n'ọnọdụ ndị a na-adịghị ahụkebe, ọnwụ. Site n'ịgba ugwu otu ugboro ma ọ bụ karịa n'Oge uto - n'ụzọ dị irè, ili poteto n'ime sentimita ole na ole ọzọ nke ala - a na-eme ka ihe ubi dị mma, owuwe ihe ubi ka dị mma.

* na-ebelata ihe ize ndụ nke mmebi site na oyi. N'ezie, a na-emepụta gradient okpomọkụ site na inertiya okpomọkụ nke ụwa. Ọ na-ekpo ọkụ n'ime ikpo ala.
* na-eme ka mmiri na-agafe (nke ọnụnọ dị mkpa n'ihi mmiri ozuzo n'oge oyi). Enwere ike ịpụ site na oghere.
* na-ebibi ahịhịa.

## Ebem si dee
Mmiri na-agbasa

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|300x300px|A na-eme mmiri na Isle of Grain, Kent, UK
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|300x300px|Onye na-ere mmiri
Hydroseeding (ma ọ bụ hydraulic mulch seeding, hydro-mulching, hydraseeding) bụ usoro ihe ọkụkụ nke na-eji slurry nke mkpụrụ na mulch. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe dị ka usoro nchịkwa mbuze n'ebe a na-ewu ihe owuwu, dị ka ihe ọzọ na usoro omenala nke mgbasa ozi ma ọ bụ ịgha mkpụrụ akọrọ.

## Nkọwa
A na-ebufe slurry hydroseeding na tank, ma ọ bụ nke a na-agbanye n'ụgbọala ma ọ bụ ụgbọala na-adọkpụ ma fesa n'elu ala a kwadebere. A na-eji helikopta ekpuchi ebe buru ibu. Enwere ike iji ngwa ụgbọ elu na mpaghara ọzara gbara ọkụ ka ọkụ gachara, na n'ime ihe ndị dị otú ahụ nwere ike ịnwe naanị ihe nkwụsi ike ala iji zere iwebata ụdị osisi na-abụghị nke ala. Hydroseeding bụ ihe ọzọ na usoro ọdịnala nke mgbasa ozi ma ọ bụ ịgha mkpụrụ akọrọ. Nnyocha e mere n'akụkụ Osimiri Colorado nke dị na Arizona kọrọ na enwere ike iji hydroseeding weghachi ahịhịa ndị dị n'akụkụ ala a kpochapụrụ.

Mmanụ ahụ na-enwekarị ihe ndị ọzọ gụnyere fatịlaịza, ihe na-eme ka mmadụ na-eme ihe, fiber mulch, na ihe na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ.

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme
N'ịbụ onye laghachiri na USA n'afọ 1940, Maurice Mandell si na Ngalaba Okporo ụzọ Connecticut chọpụtara na site na ịgwakọta mkpụrụ na mmiri ọnụ, enwere ike ịgbasa ma gbasaa mulch ahụ n'elu ndagwurugwu ndị dị elu na ndị a na-apụghị iru eru nke okporo ụzọ awara awara Connecticut.

## Uru ya
Ọ bụrụ na a kụọ ihe n'ebe buru ibu, a ga-emecha hydroseeding n'oge dị mkpirikpi. Ọ nwere ike ịdị irè nke ukwuu maka ugwu na ahịhịa na-agbadata iji nyere aka na nchịkwa mbuze na ịkụ osisi ngwa ngwa. Hydroseeding ga-efu ihe na-erughị ịkụ ahịhịa, mana karịa mgbasa ozi. Nsonaazụ na-adịkarị ngwa ngwa na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke na-emepụta uto ahịhịa n'ihe dị ka otu izu na mmezi na-amalite n'ihe dịka izu 3 ruo 4 site na ụbọchị itinye ya. Fiber mulch na-eme ka usoro na-eto eto dị ngwa site n'ịnọgide na-enwe mmiri gburugburu mkpụrụ si otú a na-emewanye ọnụego ntolite.

## Eziokwu banyere hydroseeding

# A na-etinye mkpụrụ n'ala a kụrụ akụ site na iji ọkpọkọ dị elu. O yikarịrị ka a na-agwakọta mkpụrụ ndị ahụ n'ime mmiri na-agbakwunye mmiri nke na-enwekarị mulch, fatịlaịza, lime, ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-akwalite uto mkpụrụ.
# A na-ejikarị usoro a akụ ahịhịa, mana ọ bụghị ihe a na-ahụkarị ịhụ ka a na-eji ya akụ okooko osisi ọhịa ma ọ bụ ala.
# Ọ na-enyere aka igbochi mbuze.
# Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị gị mkpa ịkụ mkpụrụ n'elu ndagwurugwu (ma ọ bụ ala ọzọ siri ike), hydroseeding bụ nhọrọ dị mma. N'ikwu ya n'ozuzu, hydroseeding dị oke ọnụ karịa usoro ịkụ osisi ọdịnala mana ọ dị ọnụ ala karịa ịzụta na itinye sod.
# Mgbe ị na-akụ mkpụrụ n'ebe buru ibu nke ala, usoro hydroseeding dị oke ọnụ ma nwee ike ịchekwa gị ego n'ikpeazụ. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na a na-eji ya eme ihe na obere ma ọ bụ ebe obibi, ọnụahịa ahụ nwere ike ịgbakwunye ngwa ngwa.
# Enwere ike ịhazi ya. Ị nwere ike ịkụ ọtụtụ ụdị mkpụrụ dị iche iche site na iji usoro a.

## Ebem si dee
Ihe ọkụkụ ndị na-abụghị nri

Ihe ọkụkụ na-abụghị nri, nke a makwaara dị ka ihe ọkụkụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, bụ ihe ọkụkụ a na-amịpụta iji mepụta ngwaahịa maka imepụta ihe, dịka ọmụmaatụ eriri maka uwe, kama nri maka oriri.  

## Ebumnuche
Ihe ubi nke ụlọ ọrụ bụ aha e nyere ụlọ ọrụ na-anwa ịkwalite ego ngalaba ugbo, na inye ọrụ mmepe akụ na ụba maka mpaghara ime obodo. Ihe ọkụkụ ndị a na-emepụta ihe na-agbalịkwa ịnye ngwaahịa ndị a pụrụ iji dochie anya mbubata sitere na mba ndị ọzọ.

## Ụdị dị iche iche
Ụdị ihe ọkụkụ ndị na-abụghị nri dị ukwuu, mana ha gụnyere ihe ọkụkụ ọdịnala dị ka ọka wit, yana ihe ọkụkụ na-adịchaghị mma dị ka hemp na Miscanthus. Enwere ike ịhazi ngwaahịa ndị e ji ihe ọkụkụ ndị na-abụghị nri mee site na ọrụ:

## Hụkwa
 

## Ebem si dee
Liming (ala)

thumb|A kwadebere lime ugbo n'akụkụ ubi na UK
Liming bụ ntinye nke calcium- (Ca) na magnesium (Mg) bara ụba n'ụdị dị iche iche, gụnyere marl, nzu, limestone, lime ọkụ ma ọ bụ lime hydrated na ala.[1]. Na ala acid, ihe ndị a na-emeghachi omume dị ka ntọala ma na-ewepụ acidity ala. Nke a na-emekarị ka uto osisi dịkwuo mma ma na-abawanye ọrụ nke nje bacteria na ala, [1] mana oke ibu nwere ike ịkpata mmerụ ahụ na ndụ osisi. Buru ụzọ liming nke oge a site na marling, usoro nke ịgbasa nzu na ahịhịa nzu n'ofe ala, na mbọ iji gbanwee pH ma ọ bụ mkpokọta nha.[2] Ihe akaebe nke omume ndị a malitere na 1200 ma were ihe atụ ndị mbụ sitere na agwaetiti Britain nke oge a.
thumb|Ịchụcha ubi na Devon

## Mmetụta na ala
Liming nwekwara ike melite mkpokọta nkwụsi ike na ala ụrọ. N'ihi na nke a nzube Ọdịdị wayo, ngwaahịa nwere calcium oxide (CaO) ma ọ bụ hydroxide (Ca (OH) 2) na mixes na calcium carbonate (CaCO3), na-ejikarị. Nhazi ihe owuwu nwere ike ibelata mfu nke ụrọ na nri sitere na mkpokọta ala.[3] Ogo nke a na-enye ego lime kwa nkeji nke oke ala ga-abawanye pH ala dabere na ikike nchekwa nke ala (nke a na-emetụtakarị ikike mgbanwe ala ma ọ bụ CEC).

A na-ejupụta ọtụtụ ala acid na aluminum karịa hydrogen ion. N'ihi ya, acidity nke ala bụ nsonaazụ hydrolysis nke aluminum. Echiche a nke "ike lime a na-edozi"  iji kọwaa ogo nke isi saturation na ala ghọrọ ihe ndabere maka usoro eji eme ihe ugbu a na ụlọ Nnyocha ala iji chọpụta "ihe lime chọrọ" nke ala. 

Ala nwere CEC dị ala ga-egosipụtakarị mmụba pH karịa ala nwere CEC dị elu. Mana ala CEC dị ala ga-ahụ ngwa ngwa nke ndabere ndị agbakwunyere, ya mere ọ ga-ahụ nloghachi ngwa ngwa na acidity mbụ ọ gwụla ma emere mgbakwunye ọzọ. O yikarịrị ka ịkpụcha ihe gabigara ókè ga-eme n'ala nwere obere CEC, dị ka ájá nke na-enweghị ihe mgbochi dị ka ihe ndị dị ndụ na ụrọ.

### Mmetụta na carbon sitere n'ala
Mmetụta zuru oke nke ala liming na carbon organic nke ala bụ isi ihe sitere na usoro atọ. 

# Mmụba nke mmepụta ihe ọkụkụ na-akpata nnukwu ihe ọkụkụ. Ka ala liming na-eme ka ọnọdụ ala dị mma nke na-egbochi uto osisi, a na-atụ anya mmụba nke mmepụta osisi. Mkpụrụ osisi dị elu nke sitere na itinye lime ga-emepụta nloghachi dị ukwuu nke ihe ndị dị ndụ n'ala n'ụdị mgbọrọgwụ na-anwụ anwụ na ihe ọkụkụ na-emebi emebi. 
# Mmụba nke mineralisation nke ihe ndị dị ndụ n'ihi pH dị mma. A maara ngwa ngwa lime ka ọ na-enwe mmetụta na-akpali akpali n'oge na-adịghị anya na ọrụ nke ihe ndị dị ndụ n'ala, si otú a na-akwado mineralization nke ihe ndị sitere n'okike ma o yikarịrị ka ọ na'ịgba ọsọ ọsọ nke ihe ndị ahụike n'ala.
# Ime ka ọdịdị ala dịkwuo mma na-eduga na mbelata nke mineralization site na ichebe carbon nke ala. A maara Liming ka ọ dịkwuo mma, dịka oke Ca2+ na ike ion dị elu na ihe ngwọta ala na-eme ka flocculation nke mineral ụrọ dịkwuo elu ma, n'aka nke ya, mepụta ihe ndị ọzọ siri ike. 

Nnyocha ọrụ ugbo na Faculty of Forestry na Freising, Germany, nke jiri osisi tụnyere afọ abụọ na iri abụọ mgbe liming chọpụtara na liming na-akwalite leaching nitrate ma belata phosphorus nke akwụkwọ ụfọdụ.

## Hụkwa

* Ala Alkali
* Nchekwa ala
* pH nke ala
* Limụ ọrụ ugbo
* Aluminium

## Ebem si dee
Mmiri na-efe n'ahịrị

Linear aeration bụ usoro ikuku nke na-enye ohere ka mmiri banye n'ime ala na idowe ya n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị.[1] Na mgbakwunye, ọ nwekwara ike ịgbakwunye nri na-edozi ahụ na ihe na-eme ka ala dị nro (dị ka humus, elu ala, compost, ájá ma ọ bụ ụrọ) ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa.

## Ogige ntụrụndụ
Site n'ikuku linear, a na-agbakwunye ihe organic n'elu elu ala n'etiti usoro ihe ọkụkụ. Mgbe ahụ, a na-egbutu oghere n'ime ala iji kwe ka mmezi na ihe mgbakwunye banye. N'ikpeazụ, a na-enweta oghere ndị ahụ n'otu ụzọ ahụ.

## Ubi ahịhịa
N'ebe a, ikuku na-aga n'ahịrị nwekwara ike inye aka belata mmiri gabigara ókè n'ebe ahịhịa. Nke mbụ, a na-agbakwunye ihe ndị dị mkpa n'elu ahịhịa ahụ, mgbe ahụ, a na'ime ahịhịhịa iji kwe ka ihe ndị na-agbatị ala banye. N'ikpeazụ, a na-eweghachi oghere ndị ahụ n'otu akụkụ ahụ.

## Uru nke ikuku na-aga n'ahịrị

### Ogige ntụrụndụ

* Ọ na-akwalite mmepe mgbọrọgwụ siri ike ma dị omimi, maka ahụike osisi na nnagide ụkọ mmiri ozuzo.
* Na-enye ohere nkesa kwesịrị ekwesị nke mmezigharị ala na mgbakwunye.
* Ọ na-enye ohere ịmịkọrọ ihe oriri.

### Ubi ahịhịa

* Ọ na-ebelata mkpakọ ala n'ebe ndị a na-eme njem.
* Ọ na-enye ala ahịhịa dị nro.
* Ọ na-ebelata mmebi nke ala ahịhịa n'ezie ma e jiri ya tụnyere coring ma ọ bụ plugs ikuku.
* Ọ na-akpata obere nkwụsịtụ nke iji ogige egwuregwu.

## Hụkwa

* Ndepụta nke ndị na-emeziwanye ala

## Ebem si dee
Ịnyịnya ibu

thumb|Ịnyịnya ibu na Clovelly, North Devon, England
**Inyịnya**  bụ ngwakọ nke ịnyịnya ibu na ịnyịnya. Ọ bụ nwa ịnyịnya ibu nwoke (nkịta) na ịnyịnya nwanyị (agba). ịnyịnya ibu na ịnyịnya ibu bụ ụdị dị iche iche, nwere ọnụọgụ dị iche iche nke chromosomes; n'ime ọgbọ abụọ nwere ike ịdị n'etiti ha, ịnyịnya ibu dị mfe inweta ma bụrụ nke a na-ahụkarị karịa hinny, nke bụ ụmụ nke ịnyịnya nwoke (agba ịnyịnya ) na ịnyịnya ibu (a Jenny). 

Mules dịgasị iche iche n'ibu, ma nwee ike inwe agba ọ bụla.   Ha nwere ndidi, siri ike ma na-adị ogologo ndụ karịa ịnyịnya, a na-ele ha anya dị ka ndị na-enweghị isi ike na ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi karịa ịnyịnya ibu.: 5 

## Okwu
A na-akpọ ịnyịnya ibu nwanyị nke nwere okirikiri Oestrus, ya mere, n'echiche, buru nwa ebu n'afọ, "molly" ma ọ bụ "molly mule", ọ bụ ezie na a na-eji okwu ahụ mgbe ụfọdụ iji na-ezo aka na ịnyịnya n'ozuzu. A na-akpọ ịnyịnya ibu nwoke "ịnyịnya ibu ịnyịnya", ọ bụ ezie na a na-akpọkarị ya "ịnyịnya ịnyịnya ibu john", nke bụ okwu ziri ezi maka ịnyịnya ibu castrated. A na-akpọ nwa ịnyịnya ibu nwoke "mule colt", a na-akpọkwa nwa ịnyịnya ígwè nwanyị "mule ".

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme

## Ebenside
Ebe obibi (ọrụ ugbo)

[thumb|Ubi ọka wit tozuru etozu, nke ikuku na nnukwu [mmiri ozuzo mere ka ọ dị larịị]]
thumb|Ubi ọka bali dị njọ site n'ebe dị anya
[thumb|Ebe obibi nke ụmụ mmadụ na-eme ka [Mkpụrụ ọka|ọka dị larịị iji mee okirikiri ihe ọkụkụ]]
Ebe obibi bụ ịgbachitere ịhịa aka n'akụkụ ala nke ọka, nke na-eme ka ha sie ike iwe ihe ubi, ma nwee ike ibelata mkpụrụ. Ebe obibi n'ụka na-abụkarị n'ihi nchikota nke enweghị ike guzobe ihe ubi, yana ọnọdụ dị ka mmiri ozuzo, ifufe, akụ mmiri igwe, ọdịdị ọdịdị ala, ala, ihe ọkụkụ gara aga na ndị ọzọ.

Ebe obibi na-emetụta ọka wit, [2] osikapa, [3] na ọka ndị ọzọ, na ibelata ya bụ isi ebumnuche nke nyocha ọrụ ugbo. Ụdị dwarf, nke dị mkpụmkpụ, bụ otu ụzọ isi belata ebe obibi.

Ntinye nwere ike ime na mgbọrọgwụ ma ọ bụ Ogwe osisi; nke ikpeazụ na-emekarị mgbe e mesịrị, mgbe ogwe osisi ahụ kpọrọ nkụ ma na-emebi emebi. Oge obibi nwere ike ịchịkwa mmetụta ya na mmepụta, ọrịa, mmiri ọka, ogo, na nhata nke ntozu okè. 

## Ebem si dee
Lynchet

thumb|Usoro Lynchet dị nso na Bishopstone na Wiltshire
áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ndagwurugwu nke lynchet prehistoric na West Dean, West Sussex
lynchet ma ọ bụ linchet bụ mbara ala dị n'akụkụ ugwu. Lynchets bụ akụkụ nke sistemụ ubi oge ochie nke agwaetiti Britain. A na-achọtakarị ha n'ahịrị kwụ ọtọ ma na-akpọkarị ha "spek lynchets". Lynchets na-apụtakarị na South Britain na ọtụtụ ndị nọ na mpaghara dị nso na Iron Age forts na ọrụ ụwa ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ihe arụrụ arụ Rome mechara na barrows mbụ sitere na oge Neolithic na Bronze Age. Nha, ọnọdụ, oghere na ọnụ ọgụgụ ahịrị nke ọtụtụ lynchets na-egosi na ọtụtụ bụ ndị mmadụ mere. O yikarịrị ka e gwuru lynchets iji mee ka ojiji ala na-arụ ọrụ ugbo ka ukwuu, n'agbanyeghị na ha nwere ike iji emume ndị ọzọ.

Okwu a bụ diminutive ụdị nke lynch, ugbu a na-adịkarịghị na-apụta na English asụsụ, na-egosi a ugbo terrace; ọ na-ejikọta ya na njikọ gọlfụ. Otú ọ dị, a pụkwara iji ma "lynchet" na "lynch" na-ezo aka na mpempe akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nke fọdụrụ n'etiti ala abụọ a kpara akpa n'ala nke na-adịghị amịkpọ; ma ọ bụ gaa na mkpọda ebumpụta ụwa ma ọ bụ teres n'akụkụ ihu nzu gbada.

Echiche ọdịnala banyere mmepụta nke lynchets bụ na ha nwere ike ịmepụta n'ụzọ okike na ndagwurugwu nke ubi a kụrụ n'ime ogologo oge. ala a na-emetụta na-agbadata n'akụkụ ugwu iji mepụta "ihe dị mma" (ebe elu ọhụrụ dị elu karịa elu mbụ), ebe ebe ebe belatara na ọkwa na-aghọ "ihe na-adịghị mma" (ebe elu ọhụrụ dị ala).
áká_èkpè|thumb|Lynchets n'elu obodo Loders, Dorset
Na Loders, Dorset, lynchets na-emepụta ihe owuwu nke yiri ụlọ ihe nkiri na-elepụ anya n'obodo nta ahụ. Lynchets bụkwa akụkụ nke ebe nchekwa nke obodo nta Uploders dị nso, ebe o doro anya na ha na-emepụta usoro ubi ugwu ochie na nso nso nke Iron Age fort na ugwu ugwu. Map nke narị afọ nke iri na itoolu na-egosi na a kụrụ ubi cider na ụfọdụ lynchets n'ógbè ahụ.

## Hụkwa

* Ugwu na oghere
* Céide Fields
* Àkwà umengwụ
* eriri eriri
Nnukwu ibu

áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Ebe a na-ere ahịa n'oge gara aga na Luberon
Magnanery (French: magnanerie) bụ saịtị nke sericulture, ma ọ bụ ọrụ ugbo silk, yiri ugbo bụ ebe ọrụ ugbo. A na-akpọ yeoman na-agba ya magnanier ma ọ bụ, na nso nso a, mangnan. A na-ahụkwa okwu magnanière, nke pụtara ụlọ a raara nye sericulture.

Okwu a sitere na okwu Occitan *magnan*, ebe Provence bụ etiti nke French sericulture.

Mpaghara gbara Saint-Hippolyte-du-Fort gburugburu nwere magnaneries, obodo ahụ n'onwe ya nwekwara ebe ngosi nka silk.

## Ebem si dee
Orozo

Orozo bụ obodo satịlaịtị dị n'ime Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC).  Nhazi ala ya bụ 8°54'0"N,7°34'22" E Ọ dị n'ụdị okporo ụzọ Nyanya Karshi .  Ọ dị awụ 14 kilomita site na Nyanya na 7 kmịkwọ gaa karshi.  Ọ dị afọ 19 km ruo Abuja city center.  Ndị bi na Orozo bụ ebo Gbagyi na ndị bụ isi bụ Iso Ụzọ akwụkwọ.  Orozo nwere akara mgbe niile nke a na-akpọ otu aha nke na-azụ ndị ọrụ kwa ụbọchị ma na-ejide nnukwu ike ya Tuesday..    

## Ụlọ akwụkwọ
Federal Science and Technical College, Orozo. 

## Ntụaka
Ososo

thumb|Mbugharị ndị Ososo na Edo steeti, Naijiria
Ososo bụ obodo dị na Akoko-Edo Local Government Area, na Edo State, Nigeria.  [1] N'ebe dị elu nke mita 1236 n'akụkụ ụzọ oke osimiri, ọ nwere oke ihu igwe dị ka nke Jos, Plateau State .  mbụ elu bụ monolith buru ibu nke a na-akpọ ike nkume Oruko .  

## Nkọwa
Obodo a nwere anɔnu: Anni, Egbetua, Oke na Ikpena.  Site na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ ruru 100,000 yana n ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ 5,111 kwa 7. radius km, ọ bụ otu n'ime obodo kacha ibu na-akpa Gọọmenti na-akpata.  Oso nwere olumba iche nke ngalaba Ghotuo-Uneme-Yekhee nke nhọrọ Edoid. 

Oso nwere oke oke na Okene n'ebe ugwu, Okpella n'ọwụwa inwe, Makeke n'ọdịda ọmụmụ, Ọja na ndịda na Ogori n'ebe ugwu-ọdịda ọmụmụ.  Ọ bụ oke obodo dị n'etiti Edo na steeti steeti. &#x5B; ** &#x5D;

## Mineral Resources
A gọziri obodo Ososo site na nkwụnye ego nke Limestone,  na ụfọdụ ihe ndị ọzọ siri ike dị ka Gold  na Granite.

## Njem nlegharị anya
thumb| Ọmarịcha oghere na nkume na Ososo
Obodo Ososo dị n'ókè dị n'etiti Edo na Kogi steeti, yana n'ebe ugwu na okwute.  Ọ dị ihe dị ka kilomita 40 site na Igarra yana kilomita 200 site na obodo Benin na steeti Edo.  Enwere ụlọ ezumike na-ahụ eri nri n'elu ugwu dị na Oso, nke nwere echiche nke ọwara Kogi State ruo n'osimiri Niger.  .  [7] [ mmelite mmelite ]

Site na ebe ndị njem nlegharị anya, ụlọ ezumike nke egwuregwu Edo steeti rụziri, echiche ruo steeti Kogi. 

## Ntụaka
Otukpa

Otukpa bụ obodo dị na Benue State, Nigeria.  Ọ nwere isi ụlọ ọrụ ọrụ ime obodo Ọgbadibo

Otuba ezinụlọ ikpokọta ọnụ.  Aha Otukpa bụ akara nke ìgwè n'otu, nchekwa na enyi.

## ndabere
Ndikom ato;  Oono, Oodo Ogodo na Ameh Ochagbaha na-ahụ site n'ụdị dị iche iche na-achọ akụ na ọnọdụ gbakọrọ n'otu ebe a maara taa dị ka Oto.  Ndị ikom ahụ ahụ abanyela n'ịgbanwe ka aha ọnụ na mmepụta akụ na ha n'otu n'otu.  Ha ihe aha kwesịrị maka mpaghara a maara taa dị ka OTUKPA .  Aha mbụ 'otuba' nke ọma "ịchịkọta ma ọ bụ ọnụ" na-arụtụ aka n'ihe dị mkpa dị n'ịdị n'otu n'etiti ha.

Aha Otukpa bụ akara nke ịdị n'otu, nchekwa na enyi. Otu-le-kpa, ugboga bo glan (Prof. Abimaje Akpa) 

Anthony Inedu Ijika Akoto n'akwụkwọ ya akpọrọ The Making of Otukpa Land nwere ihe ndị a ikwu maka aha Otukpa;  "Mgbe ọ na-ede na etymology nke aha "Otukpa" ọrụ Captain G.D.C. Ego na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na-ewuli elu. Dị ka ego si kwuo, Otukpa sitere na okwu Idoma abụọ kpụrụ: 'Oto' aha obodo dị n'oge ahụ na '  Ukpa” osisi dị nsọ kwenyere na ọ nwere akụrụngwa ọgwụ na ike ịgwọ ọrịa Ọ bụ n'alụlụ osisi 'Ukpa' dị n'ime obodo a na-akpọ 'Oto' ka ndị okenye nke agbụrụ atọ Ai-Oono, Ai-Oodo na Ai-Ochagbaha mere.  nwere convent na nkwekọrịta ịhụnanya, enyi na nchekwa.  Otu a ka aha 'otupka' siri malite.

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a ma ndị Otukpa ka ha na-eme enyi nwere ọmarịcha omenala.

## Ndozi mbụ
Eziniche Ai-Oono, Ai-Oodo, Ai-Ochagbaha bụ ndị bi na mpaghara a maara taa dị ka Otukpa enweela ma na-eme ụzọ obodo ime ha rutere otukpa ugbu a.  Ndị edemede na-eji otukpa dị ugbu a.  Agbụrụ ndị ahụ bi n'akpịrị ugwu ugwu na-ahụ mmiri nke m na-egosi ndị –-amata nke ngalaba Idoma.  Asụsụ ndị mmadụ bụ Idoma.  aha dumputara na oke ohia ejirila ụzọ na-egbukpọsị osisi iji nye ọhọd maka ọrụ ugbo kwado ọnụ ọgụgụ na-Ụdị ngwaọrụ.  A na-edobe naanị oke dị n'obodo ndị ahụ maka nchekwa nchekwa, egwuregwu na ofufe nke chi.  Ndị obodo na-ebi n'ime ụzọ, ezinarọ nke ọ ALA na-anọ ebe dị iche iche.

## Ihu igwe
N'otukpa, oge mmiri mmiri na-akpa ike na oke mmiri, oge ọkọchị na-eku ume na obere urukpuru, ọ na-ekpo ọkụ kwa afọ.  January na Otukpa, bụ oge akwụkwọ.
Oye

Oye bụ obodo na isi ụlọ ọrụ Oye Local Government na Ekiti State, Nigeria .  E kpụrụ ime obodo Oye site n'okpuru Ekiti North na 17 Mee 1989  

Ókèala echiche ime obodo Oye bụ okpuru Ụlọjemeje na North, Irepodun/Ifelodun na ndịda, ụdị ime obodo Ikole n'ọwụwa yana ụdị ime obodo Ido/Osi n'ọdịda.

Ọ mejupụtara obodo na obodo ndị a: Oye Ekiti, Ilupeju Ekiti, Ayegbaju Ekiti, Ire Ekiti, Itapa Ekiti, Osin Ekiti, Ayede Ekiti, Itaji Ekiti, Imojo Ekiti, Ilafon Ekiti, Isan Ekiti, Ilemeso Ekiti, Omu Ekiti, Ijelu Ekiti, Oloje Ekiti na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.

Ohere dị iche na Gọọmenti taka n'ihi na ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu nke ndị bi na ya bụ ngwaahịa Yoruba.  Ihe ahụ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị mmadụ niile na-asụ asụsụ Yoruba n'asụsụ dị iche na- atụ atụ.

## Akụ na ụba
Na Oye LGA, ahia bụ nnukwu ọrụ akụ na nọrọ.  akara ahụ nwere akara ngosi, akara Menara, ebe a na-azụ ma na-ere ihe dị iche iche.  bi na Oye LGA na-ekerekwa òkè dị ukwuu n'ihe omume akụ̀ na ndị dị ka ọrụ ugbo, nhazi nri, ọrụ aka, nchekwa akwa, na nna osisi. 

## Ihu igwe
Oge ọkọchị na Oye-Ekiti na-ekpo ọkụ, na-ekpo ọkụ, na nke nwere obere urukpuru ebe oge mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ, na-akpagbu ma na-ejubiga ókè. Okpomọkụ anaghị ada n'okpuru 56°F ma ọ bụ na-ebili karịa 95°F n'afọ niile, na-esikarị na 62°F ruo 90°F. 

N'ihe dị elu kwa ụbọchị dị elu nke 88 Celsius, oge okpomọkụ na-adị maka ọnwa 2.6, site na Jenụwarị 23 ruo Eprel 9. N'ihe dị elu nke 89°F yana obere 70°F, Maachị bụ ọnwa kacha ekpo ọkụ n'afọ na Oye-Ekiti. 

Na nkezi okpomọkụ kachasị kwa ụbọchị n'okpuru 81°F, oge oyi na-adịru ọnwa 3.9, site na June 19 ruo Ọktoba 16. Na nkezi nke 67°F yana elu 79°F, Ọgọst bụ ọnwa oyi kacha n'afọ na Oye-Ekiti.

## Ntụaka
Sapele

Entandrophragma cylindricum bụ osisi sitere na genus Entandrophragma nke ihe Meliaceae .  A na-akpọkarị ya sapele ma ọ bụ sapelli / / səˈpiːliː / sə - PEE sə- lee ) ma ọ bụ sapele mahogany, [1] yana aboudikro, assi na muyovu .

## Mmalite nke aha
Aha sapele sitere na obodo Sapele na Naijiria, ebe ebe otutu osisi.  African Timber na Plywood (AT & P), nkewa nke United Africa Company, nwere ụlọ ọrụ ihe na ebe a osisi, akara Triplochiton scleroxylon, Obeche, mahogany, na Khaya na-edozi ya n'ime osisi nke e si na Port  nke Sapele pụta.  zuru ụwa ọnụ.

A na-ekwu na aha obodo ahụ n'onwe ya bụ mgbagha nke okwu Urhobo bụ Uriapele, na-echeta chi obodo . Ekwenyere na ndị ọchịchị obodo Britain gbanwere aha obodo ahụ na Sapele n'ihi na ọ dị mfe ịkpọ.

## Nkọwa
Entandrophragma cylindricum sitere na ụmụ akwụkwọ Africa.  [1] Enwere ọnụọgụgụ echedoro na mmachi mmadụ na mba dị iche iche.

Ụdị ahụ na-eto eto ruo 45 m.  Na Ghana, a kọwo na ọ ruru 198 ụkwụ (mita iri isii) n'ịdị elu.  [1] Akwụkwọ ahụ na-ahụ n'anya n'oge ọkọchị, a na-hazi nke ọzọ, pinnate, nwere akwụkwọ mpempe akwụkwọ 5-9, akwụkwọ nta ọ dị ihe dị ka 10. cm ogologo.  A na-achọta ahụ na inflorescences arụ mgbe osisi akwụkwọ, akwụkwọ ọ gbakwunye dị ihe dị ka 5 dayameta mm, nwere petals ise na-acha odo odo.  Carab ahụ bụ capsule na-agbagharị agbagharị ihe dị ka 10 cm ogologo na 4 cm sara mbara;  mgbe o toro, ọ na-ekewa n'ime ọrụ ise iji hapụ 15-20 

## Na-eji
áká_èkpè|thumb| Ngwakọta mbira ejiri osisi sapele mee
Osisi siri ike a na-ere aha na-echetara mahogany, if ma ọ bụrụ nke otu isiokwu Meliaceae .  Ọ na-agba ndị na-agba ma nwee mgbanwe iche, a na-akpa ya ebe ọ dị mkpa.  Sapele bụ ihe dị oke ọnụ ahịa maka iridescence nwere agba ndị sitere na pink na-acha aja aja na ọla edo edo ruo.  Ọ nwere nnukwu n'ihu nke 640 kg/m 3 na ọka kpọchiri akpọchi, nke nwere ike ime ka ị na-arụ ọrụ siri ike.  àgwà maka sapele mụbara dị ka onye n'chiri anya mahogany n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya n'ihi ezigbo mahogany ụdị CITES Ihe Mgbakwunye II ngwa.  [2] A na-eji ya iwu ngwá ụlọ, ihe mgbakwunye, ihe ngosi, ala ala okomoko, ngwa egwu, na ụlọ ụgbọ mmiri..

Otu n'ime ihe ndị a na-eme ihe bụ na ngwa egwu.  A na-eji ya maka azụ na n'ụdị (na mgbe ụfọdụ n'elu) nke egwu egwu guitar, yana ahụ nke guitar elele.  A na-irin ya na-ihe mpempe olu nke ukuleles na ụbọ akwa akwa 26 na 36. N'ọgwụgwụ 1990s, a edi iji ya dị osisi ka maka ngwá ngwá Basque txalaparta .

## Ntụaka
Iri nri

[thumb|Ebe a na-azụ anụ ụlọ n'oge a dị nso na Empire Ranch, [Arizona.]]
Ebe a na-eri nri ma ọ bụ ebe a na-asa nri bụ akwa akwa maka nri anụ ụlọ, ma ọ bụ ihe owuwu ma ọ bụ ihe nri a na-eji echekwa nri maka anụmanụ. Okwu a sitere na Old French mangier (nke pụtara "iri"), site na Latin mandere (nke pụtara "ịta"). 

A na-ejikarị anụ ehi eme ihe n'ịzụ anụ ụlọ[2] ma na-ahụkarị ya n'ụlọ anụ na ụlọ ọrụ ugbo. A na-ejikwa ha na-azụ anụ ọhịa, dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ime ihe ndị e kere eke. 

Otu mmiri mmiri dị otú ahụ na-enye mmiri ọṅụṅụ maka anụ ụlọ ma ọ bụ nke na-abụghị nke ụlọ bụ ebe a na-agba mmiri ma nwee ike ịbụ akụkụ nke nnukwu nhazi mmiri a na-akpọ abreuvoir.

## Ebe a na-azụ anụ n'Iso Ụzọ Kraịst
A na-ejikọta ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ahụ na Ihe nkiri ọmụmụ Jizọs ebe Meri na Josef, ndị a manyere ịnọ n'ọnụ ụlọ ụmụ anụmanụ kama ịnọ n'ụlọ ndị ọbịa, jiri ụlọ oriri na ọgaranya dị ka ụlọ oriri na nwa ọhụrụ Jizọs.  (Greek:φάτνη *phatnē*; Luk 2:7).

## Ihe ngosi

Usòrò:Devil's_Farmhouse,_Mellieha.jpeg|alt=18th century limestone mangers at The Devil's Farmhouse in Mellieha, Malta.|Narị afọ nke 18limestonendị na-eri nri naỤlọ Ugbo Ekwensun'imeMmanụ ala,Malta.
Usòrò:Donkey_eating.jpg|alt=Donkey eating apples from a steel trough|Iri ịnyịnya ibuapụlsite n'ebe a na-esi nri ígwè
Usòrò:Geertgen_tot_Sint_Jans,_The_Nativity_at_Night,_c_1490.jpg|alt=Nativity at Night by Geertgen tot Sint Jans, c. 1490.|*Ọmụmụ na abalị*siteGeertgen tot Sint Jans, c. 1490.


## Hụkwa

* N'ebe dị anya n'ebe a na-eri nri, Abụ Krismas
* Onye na-enye nnụnụ nri
* Nkịta Na-eri Ihe, Ihe atụ

## Ebem si dee
Maverick (anụmanụ)

thumb|Anụ ọhịa na Sierra Nevada, Venezuela
Maverick bụ anụmanụ, na-abụkarị ụdị ehi, nke na-adịghị ebu akara.[1] Ọ bụ okwu a na-ejikwa akọwa onye na-eme ihe n'enweghị mmachi ma ọ bụ ụkpụrụ nhazi.

## Okwu mmalite
Okwu maverick sitere n'aka Samuel Maverick, onye na-azụ anụ bụ onye n'etiti ndị ọzọ na-ekwu na ọ bụ onye a ma ama bụ onye a ma ama maka ịghara ịkpọ ehi ya.

Okwu US ndị ọzọ yiri ya gụnyere slick,[1] dick ntutu, [3] na, na mpaghara ndị na-asụ Spanish na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ, orejano.[4] N'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke ụwa, a na-eji okwu dị iche iche eme ihe. Dị ka ihe atụ, n’Australia na New Zealand, anụmanụ a na-edeghị aha bụ akpụkpọ anụ. 

## Akụkọ ihe mere eme

### Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Ochie nke America
N'oge nke American Old West, a na-ata ehi n'èzí. N'ihi ya, ehi ga-amụ nwa n'ime ọhịa ma ọ bụ nke obere ọhịa. Mgbe ụfọdụ, a naghị achịkọta ụmụ ehi na mkpokọta kwa afọ wee gbanarị akara. Ọ na-adịkarị obere, ndị a ga-etolite ghọọ anụmanụ tozuru okè. N'ihi ya, onye ọ bụla na-azụ anụ nwere ike ime otú ahụ nwere ike ijide, kwupụta na akara ha.

### US taa
A na-ahapụ ụfọdụ anụmanụ na-enweghị akara taa maka ihe ndị gụnyere ịbụ ndị a kara aka maka mgbaaka ngosi, iji zere akara na akpụkpọ anụ maka ọrụ akpụkpọ anụ, na mmegide megide omume a na-ahụ dị ka obi ọjọọ. Otú ọ dị, a naghị ahapụ ụmụ anụmanụ ndị a n'enweghị njirimara, na-enweta ụdị ụfọdụ nke ụzọ dị nro karị, nke gụnyere ịdebe akara, igbu Egbugbu, itinye akara ntị, na itinye microchip, na-abụkarị n'olu.

N'ihi usoro dịgasị iche iche a, na eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọtụtụ ehi taa na-agba ọsọ n'ugbo onwe onye, a naghị ahụkarị anụmanụ tozuru etozu taa. Mgbe otu bụ, omume a na-emekarị bụ ime mgbalị iji chọta onye nwe ya; ma ọ bụrụ na nke ahụ adaa, a na-etinye anụmanụ ahụ maka ire ere ọha na eze na ire Ahịa onye uwe ojii, na ego a na-eji emefu ego na njikwa ya.   &#x5B;**&#x5D;

## Ihe odide
Ebe a na-emepụta mmiri ara ehi

Mmiri ara ehi, mmiri ara ehi, ma ọ bụ mmiri ara ehi, bụ mpaghara na-amịpụta mmiri ara ehi nke enwere ike ịnye ya na mpaghara achọrọ na-emebighị ya.[1] Ọ bụ mpaghara ekewapụrụ na mpaghara ala maka mkpokọta mmiri ara ehi ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa mmiri ara ehi. N'ihi mmụba na teknụzụ, ụlọ mmiri ara ehi etoola site na radius 30 mile ruo ihe karịrị 300 kilomita.[2] Ya mere, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ugbo ọ bụla dị na North Eastern United States na Northwest Europe na-enwe ma ọ dịkarịa ala otu mmiri ara ehi.

## Mmalite
Okwu a na-akpọ mmiri ara ehi malitere na America n'ihe dị ka 1925-1930 na ihe nlereanya nke "mmiri mmiri". 

## Hụkwa

## Ebem si dee
Ịgba ọsọ igwe ihe

thumb|Mill Race, Redbournbury Mill, River Ver, nso St Albans.
Ọsọ igwe ihe, igwe igwe ma ọ bụ igwe igwe, [1] igwe igwe (Scotland) ma ọ bụ igwe igwe (Southwest England) bụ mmiri dị ugbu a na-atụgharị wiil mmiri, ma ọ bụ ọwa (sluice) na-eduga mmiri na ma ọ bụ site na wiil mmiri. E jiri ya tụnyere nnukwu mmiri nke ọdọ mmiri igwe nri, mmiri dị warara na-adị ngwa ngwa ma dị ike. A na-akpọ agbụrụ na-eduga na wiil mmiri na nnukwu iyi ma ọ bụ ọdọ mmiri igwe nri, agbụrụ isi (ma ọ bụ headrace [2]), na agbụrụ nke na-esi na wiil ahụ a na-akpọ ọdụ ọdụ [3] (ma ọ bụ ọdụ ụgbọ ala).).

Ọsọ igwe ihe nwere ọtụtụ aha mpaghara akọwapụtara, dị ka leat, [4] lade, flume, goit, penstock. Okwu ndị a niile nwere nkọwa ziri ezi na nkọwa ga-adị iche n'ebe ọzọ. Igwe mmiri na-agba agba nke mbụ, nke Vitruvius kọwara, bụ 'ịgba ọsọ nke wiil osimiri' nke a na-etinye ka mmiri na-eru ngwa ngwa ga-adagide ma tụgharịa ala nke wiil bọket.[5] N'okwu mbụ pụtara, igwe igwe bụ iyi; n'echiche nke okwu ahụ, ọ dịghị ọwa dị iche iche, n'ihi ya, ọ dịghị agbụrụ. Ọmụmaatụ nke Mill Lade dị na Godmanchester na-ezo aka na ọwa sara mbara na-eduga n'ụgbọ mmiri ebe ụgbọ mmiri juru eju, ụzọ mmiri ndị yiri ya nke a na-akpọ aha Lode dị na mpaghara ndị agbata obi.

Ka teknụzụ na-aga n'ihu, e ji mmiri gbochie iyi ahụ. Nke a mere ka mmiri dịkwuo ukwuu. N'azụ weir bụ millpond, ma ọ bụ lodge. A na-ebugharị mmiri ahụ na mmiri site na sluice ma ọ bụ millrace- nke a bụ asọmpi isi. Site na wiil mmiri, a na-ebughachi mmiri ahụ n'ụzọ iyi ahụ site na ọnụ ụzọ a maara dị ka ọsọ ọdụ. Mgbe asọmpi ọdụ site n'otu ihe igwe ihe dugara na ihe igwe ihe ọzọ ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka asọmpi isi nke a maara dị ka asọpụrụ etiti. Enwere ike ịchịkwa ọkwa mmiri dị na millrace site na usoro ọnụ ụzọ ámá.

## Ebe a na-ese foto

Usòrò:Mill_race,_Birstwith.jpg|alt=A head race|Ịgba ọsọ isi
Usòrò:Storckensohn_water_income.jpg|alt=Storckensohn water head race, or flume.|Storckensohn mmiri isi agbụrụ, ma ọ bụ flume.
Usòrò:Mill_race_on_River_Meon_at_Droxford_-_geograph.org.uk_-_592602.jpg|alt=Tail race rejoining River Meon.|Ịgba ọsọ n'azụOsimiri Meon.
Usòrò:Cogglesford_Mill_race_and_bypass_weir.JPG|alt=Cogglesford Mill: a covered head race and the by-pass weir|Ihe igwe ihe Cogglesford: a kpuchiri isi agbụrụ na by-pass weir
Usòrò:15-19-077,_mingus_creek_-_panoramio.jpg|alt=millrace for Mingus Mill|millrace makaIhe igwe ihe Mingus
Usòrò:Johnson_and_Seymour_Millrace.jpg|alt=Johnson and Seymour Millrace from the Genesee River|Johnson na Seymour Millrace si naOsimiri Genesee


## Hụkwa

* Ụgbọ mmiri
* Ịgba ọsọ
* Penstock
* Ihe igwe ihe
* Igwe mmiri

## Ebem si dee
Obere ọrụ ugbo

Opekempe ịkụ osisi bụ usoro nchekwa ala dị ka warara-till na ebumnuche nke nhazi ala kacha nta dị mkpa maka mmepụta ihe ọkụkụ na-aga nke ọma. Ọ bụ usoro ịkụ ihe nke na-adịghị atụgharị ala, n'ụzọ dị iche na ịkụ osisi kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ, nke na-agbanwe nhazi ala site na iji ihe ọkụkụ. Na opekempe ịkụ ugbo, a na-ezere ịkụ ihe ọkụkụ kpam kpam ma ọ bụ naanị ihe ọkụkụ nke abụọ ka a na-eme obere obere. Opekempe ịkụ osisi na-agụnye omume dị ka furu efu kacha nta, iji fatịlaịza organic, iji usoro ndu achịkwa ụmụ ahụhụ, na iji kemịkal kacha nta.

## Hụkwa

* Ịchekwa ugbo
* Mbelata ugbo
* Ọrụ ugbo na-enweghị ọrụ ugbo
* Strip-til
Onye na-eme ka ụmụ ọhụrụ dị ọcha

Ihe nchacha middlings bụ ngwaọrụ eji emepụta ntụ ọka iji wepụ akpụ n'ime mkpụrụ ọka wit. Emepụtara ya na Minnesota site n'aka Edmund LaCroix, onye France na-emepụta ihe nke Cadwallader C. Washburn na George Christian nke Washburn "A" Mill goro.[1] E mepụtara ya iji kwado usoro igwe ihe igwe na-apụta na njedebe narị afọ nke 19, bụ́ nke ji ígwè na-akpụ akpụ akpụ kama iji nkume abrasive gwerie ọka wit ka ọ bụrụ ntụ ọka. Eji nchacha middlings kewaa bran na akụkụ ntụ ọka a ga-eji mee ihe. Igwe ahụ nke LaCroix mebere gafere n'etiti ndị na-echi ọnụ n'ala n'elu ihuenyo, ikuku ikuku na-ebupụkwa akụkụ nke bran.

A na-eji usoro a n'ihi na ọka wit oyi, nke a kụrụ n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ ma na-egbute n'oge okpomọkụ na-esote agaghị ekwe omume itolite na Minnesota. A na-akụ ọka wit n'oge opupu ihe ubi ma na-egbute ya n'oge okpomọkụ. Ndị ọrụ ugbo Minnesota nwere ike itolite nke a, mana usoro a na-ejikarị asụ ọka n'etiti nkume igwe nri mechara mepụta ntụ ọka gbara ọchịchịrị karịa ka ndị ahịa chọrọ. O sikwara ike ịgwakọta gluten na starch kpam kpam. Mgbe ụlọ ọrụ Washburn mepụtara usoro igwe igwe na-eji igwe na-eme ka ọ dị ọcha, ha gbalịrị iji usoro ahụ mee ihe, mana ụlọ ọrụ Pillsbury na ndị asọmpi ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịmegharị usoro ahụ n'ihi ndị ọrụ hapụrụ Washburn wee gafere na nzuzo azụmahịa.

Mmepe nke middling purifier nwere ike ịdabere na nchọpụta nke purifier site n'aka Ignaz Paul, onye Austria na-egwe ihe na onye na-emepụta (1778-1842) na mmalite narị afọ nke 19.

Washburn mechara sonyere John Crosby iji guzobe ụlọ ọrụ Washburn-Crosby, nke mechara bụrụ General Mills.

## Ebem si dee