open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Asụsụ Himba

***Himbae*** (Himbaka), nke a makwaara dị ka **Simba**, bụ Asụsụ Bantu nke Gabon.

## Edensibia
ma eleghị anya nde mmadụ iri na atọ na-asụ ụdị dị iche
Asụsụ Bawm

**Bawm** ma ọ bụ **Bawm Zo**, nke a makwaara dị ka **Banjogi**, bụ Asụsụ Kuki-Chin nke a na-asụkarị na Bangladesh. A na-asụkwa ya na mpaghara ndị gbara ya gburugburu nke North East India na Myanmar.  Ndị Bawms  na Chittagong Hill Tracts nke Bangladesh na-akpọ ebe obibi ha "Bawmram", nke pụtara n'ụzọ nkịtị mpaghara ma ọ bụ ebe ndị Bawms bi.

Na Mizoram, India, a na-asụ Bawm na Mpaghara Chhimtuipu, Mpaghara Lunglei, na Mpaghara Aizawl (Ethnologue). A na-asụkwa ya na steeti Tripura na Assam.

## Ihe ọmụma n'ozuzu
Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime obodo Zohnah na-ebi na mpaghara Rangamati na Bandarban_District" id="mwKA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Bandarban District">Bandarban nke mpaghara Chittagong na Bangladesh, ebe ọtụtụ n'etiti ndị obodo Bawm bi na Betel Para na mpaghara Ruma na mpaghara Thanci nke mpaghara Bandarban. Ọzọkwa, ndị Bawm bi na mpaghara Rangamati Sadar na Barkal na Bilaichari nke mpaghara Rangamati. 

Asụsụ Bawm mepụtara nke ọma ma nwee ọtụtụ akwụkwọ gụnyere akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu, ederede okpukpe, ederede akụkọ ihe mere eme, akụkọ ọdịnala na akwụkwọ dịka akụkọ mkpirikpi na akụkọ sayensị. Agbanyeghị, asụsụ Bawm nọ n'ihe ize ndụ maka mbibi. Otu ụzọ asụsụ ahụ nwere ike isi nwee ọganihu bụ site na iji mmemme agụmakwụkwọ ọtụtụ asụsụ iji hụ na obodo Bawm n'ozuzu ya nwere ihe onwunwe zuru ezu iji nyefee asụsụ ahụ na ọgbọ na-esote. Ojiji nke mmemme agụmakwụkwọ ọtụtụ asụsụ chọrọ  obodo gụọ akwụkwọ na ụdị akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ ha ga-eji.

'afọ 1981, ihe dị ka 7,000 Bawms biri n'ugwu ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Bangladesh. N'afọ 2004, ihe dị ka 5,000 Bawm bi na India, na ndị bi na mba niile dị ihe dị ka 16,000. N'afọ 2011, 10,000 Bawms bi n'ugwu Chittagong nke Bangladesh na 1,500 Bawm bi na Myanmar. Ọnọdụ egwu nke asụsụ Bawm  India na Myanmar bụ 6B na Bangladesh bụ 5 (mmepe). [1] Asụsụ ahụ nọ n'oké egwu na India na Myanmar ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-asụ ya na-aga n'ihu na-ebelata. Na Bangladesh, asụsụ ahụ kwụsiri ike mana ndị na-asụ ya n'ọnụ ọgụgụ anaghị amụba.

## Edensibia
Chittagong Hill Tracts nke Bangladesh na-akpọ ebe obibi ha "Bawmram", nke pụtara n'ụzọ nkịtị mpaghara ma ọ bụ ebe ndị BawmsChittagong Hill Tracts nke Bangladesh na-akpọ ebe obibi ha "Bawmram", nke pụtara n'ụzọ nkịtị mpaghara ma ọ bụ ebe ndị Bawms

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* Reichle, Verena "Bawm Language and Lore: Tibeto-Burman Area". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Vol. 47, Nke 3 (1984): 591-592

## Njikọ mpụga

* https://web.archive.org/web/20241230151018/https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/1596
* https://web.archive.org/web/20240302105404/https://globalrecordings.net/en/program/c22720
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tc0twBD-zr0
Bete

Asụsụ **Bete** nke Naịjirịa bụ asụsụ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara ịdị irè nke obere mmadụ n'ime mmadụ 3,000 bi na Bete Town, Takum, Taraba State na-asụ; ndị na-asụgharị ya agafeela Jukun Takum. Ọ dị nso na Lufu.

## Hụkwa

* Ndị Bete

## Njikọ mpụga

* UNESCO, "Bete: Profaịlụ asụsụ"

## Akwụkwọ
ọrụ ụfọdụ Naijiria, Ngalaba Linguistics na Asụsụ Naijiria, Mahadum Ilorin, na Ndị Ọrụ Summer Institute

## Ebe e si nweta ya

* Crozier, David H. na Roger M. Blench, ndị nchịkọta akụkọ. 1992. Ndepụta nke asụsụ Naijiria. Abuja, Nigeria na Dallas: Ụlọ ọrụ mmepe asụsụ Naijiria, Ngalaba Linguistics na Asụsụ Naijiria, Mahadum Ilorin, na Ụlọ Ọrụ Summer Institute of Linguistry.
Asụsụ Boon

**Bọn** ma ọ bụ **Af-Boon** bụ Asụsụ Cushitic fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara ịdị adị nke mmadụ 59 na-asụ (dị ka nke afọ 2000) na Jilib District, Middle Jubba Region, Somalia. N'ime iri afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ha agbanweela na asụsụ Maay nke Jilib. A kọrọ na ndị ọkà okwu niile karịrị afọ iri isii n'afọ ndị 1980. Ọrụ ọdịnala [2] bụ dị ka ndị na-achụ nta, ndị na-arụ ọrụ akpụkpọ anụ na, n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ndị na'eme akpụkpọ ụkwụ.

[3]  na ndị na-eso ya Ethnologue na *Glottolog* hapụrụ asụsụ ahụ n'enweghị aha n'ime Eastern Cushitic.   (2006) hapụrụ ya dị ka nke a na-ahapụghị n'ime *Cushitic*, ebe ọ bụ na ndekọ dị oke iberibe iji kwe ka ihe karịrị nke ahụ.

N'adịghị ka Asụsụ Somalia, aha na nnọchiaha na Boon na-ejikarị ụdaume mechie, dịka **'af**' 'ọnụ', *hididi* 'anya', *luki* 'ụkwụ'; *hebla* 'ya' (cf. ọkọlọtọ Somali af, **'hebel**' 'onye', xidid, il, *lug*; hebel 'otu onye'). Lamberti kwuru ọtụtụ okwu [6]-enweghị njikọ na Somali ma ka na-asụ asụsụ Cushitic ndị ọzọ: [1]

* *bafee* 'akpa ume' ~ Oromo bafeed 'ikuku' (dị iche Somali *sambab* 'akpa ume') 
* *booGo* 'jaw' ~ Oromo *bookho* (dị iche Somali daan) 
* *Eze* 'rib' ~ Oromo *čʼinnač* (dị iche na egwu Somalia) 
* *helliiso* 'àgwà' ~ Rendille *xelesi* (dị iche na *biya* Somali) 

Okwu ndị ọzọ yiri [6] ha bụ ndị a na-amaghị ebe ha si: [1]

* *dimbaaro* 'egbugbere ọnụ'
* *dhuumma* 'mụrụ'
* *figgilo* 'mkpịsị aka'
* gabo 'obi'
* 'ikpere' *ụgha*
* *mgbagwoju anya* 'mkpịsị aka'
* *Naju* 'nwoke'
* *naata* 'ahụ, akpụkpọ ahụ'
* *symbiino* 'ụra'

## Ihe edeturu

## Edensibia
ọrụ mmepe asụsụ Naijiria, Ngalaba Linguistics na Asụsụ Naijiria, Mahadum Ilorin, na Ụlọ Ọrụ Summer Institute

*
Asụsụ ndị dị n'etiti ugwu

Asụsụ iri abụọ nke Central Plateau bụ alaka fọdụrụnụ nke Ezinụlọ Plateau nke a na-asụ na etiti Naịjirịa. Tyap (ma ọ bụ Katab) nwere ihe karịrị 200,000 ndị na-asụ ya, na Jju (ma ọ dị ka Kaje) nwere ihe dị ka 300,000. Hyam (ma ọ bụ Jabba) nwere 100,000 ọzọ. Cori bụ ihe a ma ama maka ịbụ otu n'ime asụsụ ole na ole nwere ọkwa ụda isii, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ naanị atọ ka achọrọ maka ide ihe.

## Nchịkọta
Asụsụ Central Plateau bụ otu mpaghara dị nso nke nwere ọtụtụ njikọ; Otú ọ dị, ha bụ ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ otu fọdụrụnụ ma nwee ike ịbụ sprachbund. A na-ewere nkewa na-esonụ site na Blench (2008). Ọdịiche dị n'etiti North Plateau na ndị ọzọ dị na Central Plateau ga-ekwe omume mana o yiri ka ọ bụ nke ala; Gerhardt (1994) na-ekwu na ha bụ otu.

Nke ọ bụla n'ime mgbọ nke abụọ bụ otu asụsụ ma ọ bụ ụyọkọ asụsụ ma o doro anya na ọ dị mma. Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ n'ime ìgwè ndị dị na ọkwa mbụ (Hyamic, North Plateau, Gyongic, Koro) abụghị ihe doro anya ma nwee ike ịga n'ihu na-enyocha.

* Rigwe (Irigwe) 
* Izerik
** Izere: NE & NW Izere, Cèn, Ganàng
** Fəràn (Firan) - nke nwere njikọ doro anya na Izere
* Tyapic
** Tyap (Katab): Tyap n'onwe ya, Gworok, Takat (Attakar), Tyecha̱rak (Kacecere), Sholy̱ia (Sholio), Fantswam (Kafanchan), Tyuku
** Jju (Kaje) 
* Hyamic
** Cori (Kyoli) 
** Dangana
** Hyam (Jabba): Hyam nke Nok, Sait, Dzar; ma eleghị anya Yaat, Ankun kewara
** Shamang
** Zhire (Shang na-ahapụ Zhire) 
* Koro
** Koro: Ashe, Begbere-Ejar
** Eekwa (Nyankpa) 
** Idun, Gwara
* Gyongic
** Gyong (Kagoma) 
** Nghan (Kamantan) 
* North Plateau (Northwest) 
** Adara (Eda, Edra) 
** Kuturmi
** Kulu (Ikulu) 
** Ihe oyiyi
** Doka
** Iku (Iku-Gora-Ankwe) 

(2018) kewara asụsụ Central Plateau n'ime otu Northwest Plateau nke nwere Eda / Edra, Acro-Obiro (Kuturmi), Kulu, Idon, Doka, Iku-Gora-Ankwe, na Mpaghara asụsụ West-Central Plateau nke mejupụtara Rigwe, Tyapic, Izeric, Hyamic, Koro, na Gyongic.

Ọtụtụ 'ime asụsụ ndị ahụ, gụnyere Jju, bụ ndị e kewara n'oge gara aga dị ka akụkụ nke otu *Southern Zaria* na nhazi ndị mbụ.

## Aha na ebe
N'okpuru ebe a bụ ndepụta nke aha asụsụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, na ebe sitere na Blench (2019). 

## Ihe edeturu n'okpuru ala

## Edensibia
asụsụ ma o doro anya na ọ dị mma. Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ n'ime ìgwè ndị dị na ọkwa mbụ (Hyamic, North Plateau, Gyongic, Koro) abụghị ihe

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] ''Nnyocha proto-Plateau''. Ihe odide.

Isiokwu a gụnyere ederede dị n'okpuru ikikere CC BY 3.0. 

## Njikọ mpụga

* Ihe ndị dị n'elu ugwu site na Roger Blench
Asụsụ Soo

**Soo** ma ọ bụ So bụ asụsụ Kuliak nke Ndị Tepes nke ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Uganda. Asụsụ ahụ na-anwụ anwụ, ebe ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị 5,000 agafeela Karamojong, ọ bụ naanị ndị agadi ole na ole ka nwere ike ikwu Soo. Soo kewara n'asụsụ atọ: Tepes, Kadam (Katam), na Napak (Yog Toŋi).

E nwere n'etiti 3,000 na 10,000 agbụrụ Soo (Carlin 1993).  bụ ndị na-achụ nta na ndị na-achịkọta ihe n'akụkọ ihe mere eme, mana n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ha gbanwere na ịkpa anụ na ọrụ ugbo dị ka ndị agbata obi ha nke Nilotic na Bantu. Beer (2009: 2) chọpụtara na ọtụtụ obodo Soo nwere naanị otu onye na-ekwu okwu fọdụrụ. Ya mere, ndị na-asụ ya anaghị enwe ohere iji asụsụ Soo mee ihe.

## Asụsụ
 na-asụ asụsụ Soo na ndagwurugwu ugwu atọ na-esonụ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ-etiti Uganda n'ebe ugwu nke Ugwu Elgon.

* **Asụsụ Tepes** (nke a na-akpọkwa Tepeth), na ndagwurugwu nke Ugwu Moroto na Moroto District, Uganda.  na-asụ ya na ndagwurugwu Kakingol, Lea, na Tapac na ndagwupụta Ugwu Moroto. Asụsụ kachasị n'ógbè ahụ bụ Karimojong. Ihe  ọtụtụ n'ime ndị Tepes ejikọtala ma n'asụsụ ma n'omenala na Ndị Karimojong.  nta gụnyere Akeme, Nabuin, na Mokora,  yana Naripo Kakole .
* **Asụsụ Kadam**, na ndagwurugwu nke Ugwu Kadam na Nakapiripirit District, Uganda. Obodo nta gụnyere  na Nakaapiripirit . [1]  na-enweta data Kadam na Heine (m.s.). [1]  a ma ama n'ógbè ahụ bụ Pokot . [1] Dị ka Carlin si kwuo (1993), Ugwu Kadam nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu nke ndị agbụrụ So.
* **Asụsụ Napak**, na ndagwurugwu nke Ugwu Napak na Napak District, Uganda (ọ dịghị ndị na-asụ ya dị ka nke 1993).

E nwere ihe na-erughị ndị agadi 60 na-asụ asụsụ atọ ahụ. 

Carlin (1993: 2-3) na-ekwu na enwere naanị obere ọdịiche dị n'etiti asụsụ Tepes na Kadam, nke na-aghọta ibe ya.

## Asụsụ
 mere, Beer, et al. (2009) akọwaala ụtọ asụsụ.

Usoro okwu bụ VSO (okwu-isiokwu-ihe).  mere, o nwere ọdịdị okwu bara ọgaranya.

### Aha nnọchiaha
Ya mere, nnọchiaha na-ebute aha bụ: 

### Ajụjụ
Ya mere ajụjụ ndị a bụ: 

### Ihe ndị e dere n'akwụkwọ
Ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị a na-akpọ So su: 

* /kɔ-/: ọdịnihu ozugbo
* /-ak/: passivity
* /ọ bụghị-/: onye nhazi nke ahịrịokwu
* /ɪn-/: n'ozuzu negation
* /lan/: negation gara aga
* /ipa/: nkwenye dị mkpa
* /-tɛz/: akara mmalite
* /-uk/: akara locative
* /-ok/: akara ngwá ọrụ
* /-a/: akara mgbaru ọsọ
* /kun-/: nnọchiaha
* /-ak/: nnọchiaha

## Edensibia
1993: 2-3) na-ekwu na enwere naanị obere ọdịiche dị n'etiti asụsụ Tepes na Kadam, nke na-aghọta
Detours (ihe nkiri)

Detours  ihe ọchị ***Njem*** n'okporo ụzọ nke afọ 2016 banyere onye New Yorker na-alụbeghị di nke ga-akwaga Florida maka ọrụ ọhụrụ; ya na nna ya di ya nwụrụ na ntụ nne ya na-aga n'ebe ndịda. Robert McCaskill duziri Detours site na edemede Mara Lesemann (*Njem* a makwaara maka Surviving Family). Ihe nkiri ahụ gosipụtara Tara Westwood na Carlo Fiorletta; ndị na-akwado ya gụnyere Richard Kind, Michael Cerveris, Phyllis Somerville, Kim Director, na Paul Sorvino. Cerveris nyekwara aka n'ọtụtụ egwu mbụ na soundtrack.

Detours malitere na Sunscreen Film Festival na Eprel 30, 2016, a tọhapụrụ ya na Amazon Prime na Nọvemba 25, 2016. 

## Atụmatụ
Detours bụ akụkọ banyere nna na nwa nwanyị bụ ndị na-amalite ọzọ, otu mgbe ọnwụ di na onye *Njem* ọzọ mgbe ịgba alụkwaghịm gasịrị.

Mgbe Jennifer Giraldi (Tara Westwood) gara leta nna ya (Carlo Fiorletta) iji kwupụta na ọ na-akwaga ebe ọzọ iji malite ọrụ ọhụrụ, ọ ghọtara na nna ya ahapụbeghị ụlọ ahụ kemgbe ọnwụ nwunye ya (Kim Director), ma e wezụga maka ihe ndị dị mkpa, ọ ka na-ewepụ ntụ nne ya. Jennifer ghọtara na ya na nna ya enweghịzi mmekọrịta n'agbanyeghị na ọ dị nso na mpaghara. Ọ na-eme ka Dan kwenye ka ya na enyi ya na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya, Joe, GPS ya nwere ọgụgụ isi karịrị nkezi, dozie mgbanwe ahụ.

## Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri
 

## Mmepụta
E gburu Detours ihe karịrị ụbọchị 20 na Septemba na Ọktoba 2014.  A gbagburu ime ụlọ na New Jersey na New York City. A gbagburu mpụga na New Jersey; North Carolina; Myrtle Beach, South Carolina; Savannah, Georgia; na Saint Petersburg, Florida.

### Akara ụda
Ọ bụ Andre Fratto kere akara maka Detours, ma gosipụta ọtụtụ egwu mbụ. 
 

## Ntọhapụ
Detours malitere na Sunscreen Film Festival na Saint Petersburg, Florida, na Eprel 30, 2016.  E mechara gosipụta ya na Golden Door Film Festival na Jersey City, New Jersey. nwetara nyocha  mma site n'aka ndị nkatọ: Onye nchịkọta akụkọ Florida bụ Jennifer Heit toro ihe nkiri ahụ, na-ekwu, "Site n'ịkwado eziokwu na mmetụta **'Njem**' uche, Detours na-enyocha nsogbu anyị niile na-alụso - iru uju, ịjụ, enweghị ntụkwasị obi - ka anyị na-egosi otu ọbụna isi nke olileanya si enyere aka ijikwa ọgba aghara a na-apụghị izere ezere na ndụ". [1] Richard Propes nke The Independent Critic nyere ihe nkiri ahụ kpakpando atọ, na-akpọ ya "ụdị ihe nkiri nke a na-ahụkarị na indie circuit fest na-adịghị ahụkebe n'ụbọchị ndị a".

### Mgbasa ozi n'ụlọ
A tọhapụrụ Detours na Amazon Prime na Nọvemba 25, 2016.   gbakwunyere TubiTV na Machị 2020 [1] na Plex na Mee 2021. 

## Onyinye na nhọpụta

## Edensibia
Kim Director), ma e wezụga maka ihe ndị dị mkpa, ọ ka na-ewepụ ntụ nne ya. Jennifer ghọtara na ya na nna ya enweghịzi mmekọrịta n'agbanyeghị na ọ dị nso na mpaghara. Ọ na-

## Njikọ mpụga

*
Asụsụ Ngondi

**Ngondi** (Ingundi) bụ Asụsụ Bantu nke Republic of Congo .

## Edensibia
na-asụ ya na nde mmadụ ndị ọzọ na-asụrụ asụsụ nke abụọ. Enwere
Asụsụ Swati (disambiguation)

**[[Swazi language|Asụsụ Swati]]** ma ọ bụ siSwati ma ọ bụrụ Swazi bụ asụsụ Bantu nke ndị Nguni na-asụ na Eswatini na South Africa site n'aka ndị Swazi.

**Asụsụ Swati** nwekwara ike izo aka na:

* Asụsụ Torwali, asụsụ a na-asụ na Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan
* Asụsụ Kalami, asụsụ a na-asụ na Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan
* Swati, olumba nke Asụsụ Pashto a na-asụ na Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan
* Swati, olumba nke asụsụ Gujari a na-asụ na Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan
* Swati, olumba nke Asụsụ Hindko a na-asụ na Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan

## Hụkwa

* Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan
* Swati, olumba nke asụsụ Gujari a na-asụ na Swat, Khyber

* Swati (disambiguation)
Ebe Ndị Dị Ndụ

Survival Zone bụ ihe nkiri na-awụ akpata oyi n'ahụ nke South Africa nke afọ 1983 nke Percival Rubens duziri na Gary Lockwood, Camilla Sparv, Morgan Stevens, na Zoli Marki.

## Atụmatụ
N'ọdịnihu dị nso nke afọ 1989, ụwa adaala n'oge agha nuklia na mmadụ ole na ole lanarịrị ga-eme ihe niile ha nwere ike ime. Ben Faber na-arụ ọrụ ugbo ezinụlọ ma kewapụrụ onwe ya na ihe omume ụwa. Ha na-ebi ndụ obi ụtọ ruo mgbe otu ndị na-eme ihe ike na ndị na-eri ọgba tum tum nọchibidoro ha nke chọrọ iri ụmụ nwoke ma soro ụmụ nwanyị mụọ. A manyere ezinụlọ ahụ iji ngwá agha ndị a hụrụ n'ụlọ chebe onwe ha. 'otu oge ahụ, ha enyewo ebe mgbaba dị omimi.

## Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri

* Gary Lockwood .... Ben Faber
* Camilla Sparv .... Lucy Faber
* Morgan Stevens .... Adam Strong
* Zoli Marki (Zoli Marquess).... Rachel Faber
* Ian Steadman .... Bigman Bigman

## Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga
Survival Zone bụ Ihe nkiri "B" dị ala nke sitere na ihe nkiri Australia *Mad Max 2*.  nkiri, ntụziaka na mmepụta site na Percival Rubens na enyemaka edemede site na Eric Brown.

## Nnakwere
Na Creature Feature, John Stanley chọpụtara na ihe nkiri ahụ bụ ihe a na-ahụ anya, na-enye ya kpakpando abụọ n'ime ise. Otú ọ dị, ọ chọpụtara na ihe nkiri ahụ na-enye echiche dị ịtụnanya nke nkà ihe ọmụma banyere ndụ mgbe apocalypse gasịrị. 

## Edensibia


## Njikọ mpụga

*
Stam (ihe nkiri)

Stam (lit.  Tree') bụ ihe nkiri na-akpali akpali nke Asụsụ Afrikaans nke South Africa nke Louw Venter dere ma duzie. Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri bụ Inge Beckmann, Gideon Lombard, Tarryn Wyngaard na Niza Jay na-eduzi ọrụ. E gosipụtara ya na mmemme ihe nkiri ole na ole. Ihe nkiri ahụ nwetakwara ihe nrite ihe nkiri South Africa kacha mma na 2020 Durban International Film Festival . 

## Atụmatụ
Akụkọ ahụ -ekwu maka usoro a na-apụghị ịkọwapụta akọwapụta gburugburu ndụ jikọtara ọnụ nke ndị dị iche iche dị iche iche n'ime awa ole na ole na Cape Town ma na-enyocha njikọ dịgasị iche iche nke karịrị okike, agbụrụ na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.

## Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri

* Inge Beckmann
* Gideon Lombard
* Tarryn Wyngaard
* Niza Jay

## Ntọhapụ
Ihe nkiri ahụ gosipụtara n'ụwa niile na Durban International Film Festival na Septemba 2020.  gosipụtakwara ya na 18th Tofifest International Film Festival 2020 na Poland.  

A tọhapụrụ ihe nkiri ahụ na South Africa site na DStv BoxOffice na 2 Ọktoba 2020 ma meghee ya maka nyocha dị mma site n'aka ndị nkatọ. E weputara ihe nkiri ahụ site na ikpo okwu dijitalụ nke Klein Karoo Nasionale Kunstefees site na 21 Septemba 2020 ruo 1 Ọktoba 2020. 

## Mmepụta
E debere ihe nkiri ahụ na ndabere nke Cape Town.  bụ ụlọ ọrụ Urucu mepụtara ihe nkiri ahụ site n'enyemaka nke M-Net, kykNet, Netherlands Film Fund, Netherlands Film Production na Ngalaba Azụmaahịa na Ụlọ Ọrụ nke South Africa.

## Edensibia
na-eduzi ọrụ. E gosipụtara ya na mmemme ihe nkiri ole na ole. Ihe nkiri ahụ nwetakwara ihe nrite ihe nkiri South Africa kacha mma na 2020 Durban
Asụsụ Bhaca

**Bhaca**, ma ọ bụ **IsiBhaca** (Baca) bụ asụsụ Bantu nke South Africa .  A na-ewere ya dị ka olumba nke Swati, ọ dị nso na Xhosa, Phuthi na Zulu. A na-asụ ya n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke LeSotho, ebe Sotho, Xhosa na Zulu zutere, karịsịa gburugburu Ugwu Frere, Mzimkhulu, na n'ókè dị ala na Ugwu Ayliff, Matatiele, Harding, Bulwer, Underberg, Highflats, Umzinto, Umzumbe na Ixopo.

## Okwu
 
**Ọnwa** na IsiBhaca:

Ihe atụ: 

Nsụgharị [Xhosa/Zulu/English]: : : "Biko zụta m àkwá na mmiri ara ehi mgbe ị na-apụ".

## Edensibia
Asụsụ Lala (South Africa)

**Lala** bụ asụsụ Bantu nke South Africa, nke a na-azọrọ na ọ dịghịzi n'ebe ụfọdụ. Ka ọ na-erule 1999, Otú ọ dị, a ka nwere ọtụtụ obodo ndị na-ekwu okwu na mpaghara ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke mpaghara KwaZulu-Natal nke South Africa.    bụ ezie na ọ bụ asụsụ Tekela Nguni, n'ihi ihe ndị metụtara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, a na-ewere ya dịka olumba nke Zulu (asụsụ Zunda Nguni), ebe ọ dị iche iche na ụdaolu na ogo na ọdịdị, yana akụkụ dị ukwuu nke okwu ya sitere na Xhosa (n'ihi agụmakwụkwọ Xhosa-medium na Natal South Coast ochie) na *IsiZansi* Tekela dị iche iche nke ala South Coast.

## Edensibia
ya, a na-ewere ya dịka olumba nke Zulu (asụsụ Zunda Nguni), ebe ọ dị iche iche na ụdaolu n
Asụsụ Hlubi

**IsiHlubi** bụ Asụsụ Bantu nke South Africa, nke a na-ewere dị ka olumba nke Swazi. A na-asụ ya na South Africa, nso ebe asụsụ Xhosa, Sotho, na Phuthi na-ezute na Osimiri Orange na ebe ndịda Lesotho. Ndị Hlubi gbasasịrị agbasa na-asụ ọtụtụ asụsụ, gụnyere Swazi, na olumba Hlubi nke Xhosa na Bantustan nke Ciskei.

## Edensibia
Asụsụ Sittard

thumb|Sittard diphthongization (mgbe Dols, 1953) gbasaa n'ime obodo German Selfkant
Nkè **Sittard dialect** (, , , n'ịtụ aka na ụdị dị iche iche ejiri na Germany) bụ olumba Limburgish a na-asụkarị na Obodo Sittard nke Dutch. A na-asụkwa ya na Koningsbosch na n'obere akụkụ oGermany (Selfkant), mana ngwa ngwa na-apụ n'anya ebe ahụ. N'ime olumba ndị ọzọ dị mkpa nke Limburgish, olumba Sittard nwere njikọ chiri anya na nke .

## Ihe ndị e ji mara ya
Asụsụ Sittard bụ nke Ea*st* Limburgish [nl], nke pụtara na ọ nwere ụdaume postalveolar na mmalite nke okwu ndị na-amalite na ụyọkọ dị ka *sl* na st, n'adịghị ka ụdị ndị ọzọ nke Limburgic dị ka Maastrichtian na Dutch.

Ihe kachasị mkpa nke -eme ka asụsụ Sittard dị iche na asụsụ Limburgish ndị dị nso bụ ihe a na-akpọ Sittard diphthongization, ya bụ, dochie anya monophthongs ,  na  na diphthongs *ọbara* mbara / zuɛj/,  na /ɔ/ n'okwu ụfọdụ dị ka **' /ˈblojtnɛ/ ("na mbụ /neːt/), na-achọˈt/ , na mbụ / / / / , na-acha / / //), na mbụ. Ọ yiri ihe omume Polder Dutch na Standard Dutch, ọ bụ ezie na a na-agbasa ya na gburugburu ebe obibi tupu  (ebe a na-etinye schwa epenthetic n'ihu ụdaume), dịka na beier  ("beer"). Ihe omume a bụ nke mbụ Willy Dols nyochara nke ọma na ọkara mbụ nke afọ 1940, onye gosipụtara na Sittard diphthongization a na-emekarị na mkpụrụedemede nwere ụda olu. Nnyocha ọhụrụ mbido narị afọ nke iri abụọ na otu egosila na diphthongization rụburu ọrụ iji mesie ike ọdịiche dị na Ogologo ụdaume nke na-eme ka ụdaume nwere ụda olu dị iche na ndị nwere ụda olu na-adọkpụ.  

== Ọmụmụ ụdaolu ==

=== Mkpụrụedemede ===


*  na-ejedebe na mkpụrụedemede na-enweghị nrụgide.

=== Mkpụrụ okwu ===


=== Ụda olu ===
 
Dị ka ọtụtụ olumba ndị ọzọ nke Limburgish, olumba Sittard nwere ụda olu dị iche iche, na obere ụzọ abụọ dị ka goud / / 'gold' (na-e**'Gos** ụda olu) vs. goud / / 'good' (na na-egosi ụda na-adọkpụ, nke a na-ede dị ka ụda dị elu). A na-aghọta ụda push dị ka contour na-arịgo elu na usoro nkwupụta, ebe ụda na-adọkpụ dịgasị iche n'etiti ịrị elu (mgbe ahịrịokwu na-elekwasị anya na mkpụrụedemede nke na-abụghị nke ikpeazụ) na mkpirikpi na-arị elu na-ada mgbe mkpụrụedemede bụ nke ikpeazụ. A na-egbochi ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụda abụọ ahụ n'èzí nke ahịrịokwu ahụ.  ahịrịokwu ajụjụ, a na-eme ọdịiche mgbe niile.

## Edensibia
gosipụtara na Sittard diphthongization a na-emekarị na mkpụrụedemede nwere ụda olu. Nnyocha ọhụrụ  mbido narị afọ nke iri

## Akwụkwọ
Asụsụ Loko

Loko, ma ọ bụ Landogo, bụ asụsụ Mande nke **Ọdịdị** ọdịda anyanwụ nke Ndị Loko na-asụ, ndị bi na Northern Sierra Leone. E nwere asụsụ abụọ a maara, *Landogo* na *Logo*, nke na-aghọta ibe ha. Ndị agbụrụ Loko karịrị ndị -asụ asụsụ Loko n'ihi mmegide asụsụ nke Temne na Krio na ime obodo na Freetown, ebe a na-ahụ Loko n'ime na n'èzí dị ka asụsụ dị ala.

## Ihe ndị e dere n'akwụkwọ
karịrị ndị -asụ asụsụ Loko n'ihi mmegide asụsụ nke Temne na Krio na ime obodo na

## Edensibia

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 1983. Nkọwa nke ụtọ asụsụ nke Loko. Freetown Institute for Sierra Leonean Languages.
* Innes, Gordon 1964. Nkọwapụta ụtọ asụsụ nke Loko na ederede. African Language Studies, peeji nke 115-178.
Asụsụ Lele (Guinea)

**Lele** bụ Asụsụ Mande nke Guinea.

## Edensibia
ebumnuche agụmakwụkwọ na nchịkwa na  ebe ihe dị ka mmadụ
Asụsụ Laro

**Laro**, nke a na-akpọkwa *Laru, Aaleira, Ngwullaro, Yillaro*, bụ asụsụ Niger-Congo n'ezinụlọ Heiban nke a na'Ugwu Nuba na Kordofan, Sudan.

Obodo nta ndị a bụ Oya, Rodong (Hajar Medani), Hajar Baco, Gunisaia, Serif, Tondly, Reli, Lagau (Serfinila), Getaw (Hajar Tiya), na Orme (Ando) (Ethnologue, mbipụta nke 22).

"Laru [lro] bụ asụsụ Niger-Kordofanian n'ime otu Heiban (Schadeberg 1981) nke gụnyere asụsụ Heiban, Moro, Otoro, Kwalib, Tira, Hadra, na Shoai. Asụsụ atọ bụ Yilaru, Yïdündïlï na Yogo'romany. Abụọ ikpeazụ dị nso na asụsụ agbata obi nke Kwalib. "

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
**<big>Mkpụrụ okwu</big>**

### Mkpụrụ okwu

(Vowel Insertion in Laru Locatives, nke sitere na Abdalla 2015: 3) 

Laru nwere usoro ụdaume asatọ. A na-egosi ụdaume abụọ na Tebụl, ebe [ɪ ɛ a ɔ ʊ] bụ [-ATR] na [i ə u] bụ [+ATR]. (Abdalla 2015:2) 

#### Vowel Elision
Ihe omume asụsụ a na-akpọ "vowel elision" n'asụsụ a na-amụ. Elivishọn ụdaume na-eme mgbe a na-ejikọta ụdaume abụọ ọnụ site na ntinye, nke pụtara ịgbakwunye prefix ma ọ bụ suffix na okwu.Asụsụ ahụ anaghị ekwe ka usoro ụdaume, nke pụtara na ụdaume abụọ enweghị ike ịpụta n'akụkụ ibe ha n'otu okwu. Iji gbochie usoro ụdaume abụọ, a na-ewepụ nke mbụ n'ime ụdaume abụọ ahụ, nke pụtara na a na-ehichapụ ya ma ọ bụ wepụ ya na okwu ahụ.

Ihe Nlereanya: Vowel Elision:

a. daʹɪ - ala → daʹala 'n'elu osisi'

b. ɡʊlʊ - ala → ɡʊlala 'n'elu mgbidi'

(Abdalla 2015: 3) 

## Asụsụ

### Ebe obibi

(Locatives na Laru Locatives, nke sitere na Abdalla 2015: 3) 

* Locatives -ala na -alʊ na-akọwa ọnọdụ n'elu na n'ala, n'otu n'otu.
* Locative -anʊ na-egosi ịnọ n'okpuru ala ma ọ bụ n'ime ihe.
* Nkọwapụta na-egosi ọnọdụ gburugburu ala.
* Ebe ndị a na-enye ụzọ iji gosipụta ma ghọta mmekọrịta na ebe n'ime asụsụ.

### Aha na klas

(Nkọwa aha na Laru Locatives, nke sitere na Abdalla 2015: 4) 

Asụsụ Laru na-eji usoro klas aha dị mgbagwoju anya nke nwere klas itoolu, na-ekewa aha n'ime mpaghara ise dị iche iche, dịka akọwapụtara na Tebụl 4. A na-ahọpụta klas abụọ mbụ maka nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ, gụnyere ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu, osisi, na anụmanụ. Na-aga na klas nke atọ na nke anọ, a na-elekwasị anya na ihe ndị a na-akọwa dị ka oghere ma ọ bụ gburugburu. A na-ahọpụta klas ise na isii maka obere ihe, na-ezo aka na ihe ndị dị obere, dị gịrịgịrị, ogologo, ma ọ bụ dị nkọ. Klas nke asaa na-agụnye aha ndị metụtara mmiri na echiche ma ọ bụ echiche ndị a na-adịghị ahụkebe. N'ikpeazụ, klas nke asatọ na nke itoolu na-etinye aka na aha mmekọrịta, gụnyere nnọchiaha na okwu ndị metụtara ikwu. (Abdalla 2015: 4) 

## Edensibia
dị ka oghere ma ọ bụ gburugburu. A na-ahọpụta klas ise na isii maka obere ihe, na-ezo aka na ihe ndị dị obere, dị gịrịgịrị, ogologo, ma ọ bụ dị nkọ. Klas nke asaa na-agụnye aha ndị metụtara mmiri na echiche ma ọAbdalla Kuku, Nabil (2012), Laru vowel harmony. Akwụkwọ oge ụfọdụ na ọmụmụ nke Asụsụ Sudan 10:17-35.

Abdalla Kuku, Nabil (2015), Laru Locatives. Akwụkwọ ndị na-ede mgbe ụfọdụ na Ọmụmụ Asụsụ Sudan 11:1-16.

Schadeberg, Thilo C. (1981), *A Survey of Kordofanian Mpịakọta 1: The Heiban Group.* Helmut Buske: Hamburg.

## Njikọ mpụga

* Laru (Laro) isi okwu na Global Lexicostatistical Database

Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Asụsụ Logol

Logol, ma ọ bụ **Lukha**, bụ asụsụ Niger-Congo n'ezinụlọ Heiban nke a na-asụ na Ugwu Nuba nke Kordofan, Sudan.

## Edensibia
nde mmadụ ndị ọzọ na-asụrụ asụsụ nke abụọ. Enwere

## Njikọ mpụga

*
The Lullaby (ihe nkiri nke 1924)

The Lullaby  Ihe nkiri America na-adịghị ekwu okwu nke 1924 nke Chester Bennett duziri na Jane Novak, Robert Anderson, na Fred Malatesta. Akụkọ ahụ -akọwa otu nwoke a kwụgburu na nwunye ya dị ime e zigara n'ụlọ mkpọrọ.

## Atụmatụ
Dị ka akọwapụtara na nyocha nke magazin ihe nkiri,  enyi di ya Tony bụ Pietro wakporo Felipa nke lụrụ di ọhụrụ. Tony batara ma gbuo Pietro. N'ihi ya, a kwụgburu Tony maka igbu ọchụ ahụ ma maa nwunye ya dị ime ikpe ịga mkpọrọ. A mụrụ nwa ọhụrụ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, nke nne ya wepụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ atọ, ma bụrụ nke onye ọka ikpe si n'okwu igbu ọchụ, onye bụ gọvanọ ugbu a, kuchiri. Mgbe ọ nọsịrị afọ iri abụọ, a tọhapụrụ Filipa. N'ihi nwa ya Antoinette, ọ gbara arụkwaghịm n'ihe niile iwu kwadoro ya maka ndị nlekọta zụlitere nwa ahụ.

## Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri
 

## Nchekwa
Enweghị ihe osise nke The Lullaby  na ihe nkiri ọ bụla, a na-ewere ya dị ka Ihe nkiri furu efu.

## Edensibia
ọhụrụ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, nke nne ya wepụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ atọ, ma bụrụ nke onye ọka ikpe si n'okwu igbu ọchụ, onye bụ gọvanọ ugbu a, kuchiri. Mgbe ọ nọsịrị afọ iri abụọ, a tọhapụrụ

## Akwụkwọ

* Munden, Kenneth White. *The American Film Institute Catalog of Motion Pictures Mepụtara na United States, Akụkụ 1*. Mahadum nke California Press, 1997.

## Njikọ mpụga

*
Onye Na-egbu Ọkpụkpụ

The Bone Snatcher bụ Ihe nkiri egwu nke Britain na Canada nke Jason Wolfsohn duziri na Scott Bairstow, Rachel Shelley, na Adrienne Pearce. Ihe nkiri a dabeere na ihe nkiri sitere n'aka Malcolm Kohll na Gordon Render . 

## Atụmatụ
Mgbe ndị ọrụ malitere ịpụ n'anya n'ebe a na-egwupụta ihe n'ala na South Africa, e zigara Dr. Zack Straker na otu ndị na-achọ ya n'ọzara iji chọpụta ihe mere ndị na-amụ banyere ala nke njem diamond ji tụfuo njikọ redio. Ha rutere n'ogige ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nọ n'ọzara, mana n'oge na-adịghị anya ha hụrụ ọkpụkpụ ndị ọrụ ibe ha na-eri nri nke ọma na ụzọ na-eduga ha n'ọkpụkpụ nkume dị ịtụnanya. Ozugbo ha rutere n'ogige ahụ, ha na-ahụ naanị ọkpụkpụ ndị ọrụ ahụ. N'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ na-apụta ìhè na e nwere anụ ọhịa na-egbu egbu.

Ndị na-eme nchọpụta kpebiri ịchọpụta ihe owuwu ahụ, mana n'ọchịchịrị na-agbakọta, ọkụ ọkụ na-esi ísì ụtọ na-apụ n'anya ka ihe e kere eke ahụ, nke nwere ọtụtụ ụmụ ahụhụ yiri ndanda fụchiri gburugburu ọkpụkpụ nke ndị ọ na-egbu, na-achụ ha maka ọkpụkpụ ha. Egwuregwu nke nwamba na òké na-aga n'ihu n'ọzara, na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ewepụ ndị otu ahụ ma na-achụpụ anụ ọhịa ahụ na ọkpụkpụ ahụ n'ebe a na-egwupụta ihe.

Zack na-esiri ike ikpebi igbu ụbụrụ eze nwanyị na-acha odo odo nke na-achịkwa ìgwè ahụ gburu ọtụtụ mmadụ, mana o mechara mee ya. Na mberede, ihe owuwu nke ogbunigwe ahụ malitere ịda, na-ahapụ Zack na Mikki ka ha gbaga n'ụgbọala ahụ - ebe ha hụrụ na ha bụ naanị ndị lanarịrị ugbu a. Ihe nkiri ahụ na-ejedebe na Mikki na-akwọ ụgbọala n'ebe dị anya, o doro anya na ọ maghị na igbe a na-etinye na tagzi ya nwere ụbụrụ eze nwanyị ọzọ.

## Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri
 

## Mmepụta
 sere ihe nkiri ahụ n'afọ 2002 n'obodo Cape Town nke South Africa na ọzara si Namibia.

## Ntọhapụ
The Bone Snatcher  First Look Pictures wepụtara na DVD na Disemba 23, 2003.  Anchor Bay Entertainment wepụtara ya ọzọ na July 26 n'afọ sochirinụ. First Look mechara wepụta ihe nkiri ahụ  Steelbook na Mee 5, 2009. [1]

## Nnakwere
Mmeghachi omume dị egwu maka The Bone Snatcher abụwo ihe na-adịghị mma. Onye nchịkọta nyocha ihe nkiri Rotten Tomatoes kọrọ ọkwa nkwado nke %, dabere na , na nkezi nke 3.14/10.

David Nusair nke ReelFilm Reviews nyere ihe nkiri ahụ  n'ime kpakpando 4 nwere ike, na-ede, "Karịa ihe ọ bụla ọzọ, The Bone Snatcher bụ ihe na-adịghị mma. E nwere ihe zuru ezu ebe a iji mejupụta nkeji iri na ise dị mkpirikpi, ma ya fọdụkwa ihe dị nkeji iri itoolu - na maka ihe nkiri egwu, ọ bụ ihe na'ụzọ na-awụ akpata oyi n'ahụ na-adịghị egwu".Wayne Southworth nke The Spinning Image nyere ihe nkiri ahụ kpakpando 4/10, na-akatọ asụsụ na-adịghị mma, nke mere ka nghọta nke ihe onye na-eme ihe nkiri ahụ na-ekwu sie ike. Otú  dị, Southworth jara ebe ọzara nke ihe nkiri ahụ mma dị ka ihe kachasị mma banyere ihe nkiri ahụ.

## Edensibia
mee ya. Na mberede, ihe owuwu nke ogbunigwe ahụ malitere ịda, na-ahapụ Zack na Mikki ka ha gbaga n'ụgbọala ahụ - ebe ha hụrụ na ha bụ naanị ndị lanarịrị ugbu a. Ihe nkiri ahụ na

## Njikọ mpụga

* Onye Na-egbu ỌkpụkpụnaAllMovie
* 
* Onye Na-egbu ỌkpụkpụnaTomato rere ure
Asụsụ Nukuma

**Asụsụ Nukuma** bụ obere ezinụlọ nke asụsụ atọ nwere njikọ doro anya: 

* Kwoma
* Kwanga-Mende
** Kwanga
** Seim

A na-ekewa ha n'ozuzu n'etiti Asụsụ Sepik nke ugwu Papua New Guinea; Malcolm Ross debere ha na alaka Middle Sepik nke ezinụlọ ahụ.

A na-asụ ha n'ebe ugwu nke Osimiri Sepik dị nso na Ambunti, na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke mpaghara Ambulas na-asụrụ Mapr (n'akụkụ obodo Wosera). 

## Aha nnọchiaha
Aha nnọchiaha n'asụsụ Nukuma: 

## Ntụnyere nke okwu
Okwu ndị a sitere na Foley (2005)  na Laycock (1968),  dị ka e depụtara na nchekwa data Trans-New Guinea: 

## Hụkwa

* Ndị Kwoma

## Edensibia
ụsụ Sepik nke ugwu Papua New Guinea; Malcolm Ross debere ha na alaka Middle
Asụsụ Lomakka

**Loma**, ma ọ bụ *Lomakka* (nke a na-akpọkwa Lomasse, ma ọ bụghị eziokwu - Malinke), bụ Asụsụ Gur nke Ivory Coast.

## Edensibia
ụsụ Sepik nke ugwu  debere ha na alaka Middle
Asụsụ Lumun

**Lumun** (Lomon), nke a na-akpọkwa *Kuku-Lumun*, bụ asụsụ Niger-Congo n'ezinụlọ Talodi nke a na'Ugwu Nuba, Sudan.

na-asụ Lumun n'obodo nta Canya'ru, Toromathan, na To'ri.

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* Smits, Heleen. 2007. Aha na aha ahịrịokwu na Lumun (Kordofanian). M.A. thesis, Mahadum Leiden.
* Smits, Heleen. 2011. Ụdị aha Lumun na ọnụ ọgụgụ. Na Raija Kramer, Holger Trobs & Raimund Kastenholz (ed.), Afrikanische Sprachen im Fokus. Linguistische Beitrage zum 19. Afrikanistentag, Mainz, 8.-10. Eprel 2010, peeji nke 271-283. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe.
* Smits, Heleen. 2012. Ntinye aha /ɔ́-/ na okwu ikwu Lumun na aha onwe onye. Akwụkwọ oge ụfọdụ na ọmụmụ nke Asụsụ Sudanese 10:95-113.
* Smits, Heleen. 2013. Mgbakwunye ngwa ngwa na Lumun. Na Roger Blench & Thilo Schadeberg (ed), Nuba Mountain Language Studies. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe. peeji nke 219-236.
*  

## Edensibia

* Smits, Heleen. 2012. Ntinye aha /ɔ́-/ na okwu ikwu Lumun

## ụga

*
Asụsụ Mandaya

**Mandaya** bụ asụsụ Austronesian nke Mindanao na Philippines. O nwere ike ịbụ ihe a na-aghọta na Mansaka.

## Ebe a na-ekesa ya
Ethnologue na-akọ na a na-asụ Mandaya na Manay, Caraga, Baganga, na Cateel nke Davao Oriental Province, yana na Davao del Norte Province.

## Ụdị dị iche iche
Ethnologue depụtara ụdị Mandaya ndị a.

* Carraga Mandaya
* Cateeleño
* Manay Mandayan
* Mandaya
* Cataelano
* Karaga
* Sangab
* Mangaragan Mandaya

Pallesen (1985)  depụtara ụdị Mandaya ndị a.

* Kabasagan
* Caragan
* Boso: a na-asụ ya n'ime obodo site na Mati, Davao OrientalMati, Davao Ọwụwa Anyanwụ
* Maragusan
* Mandaya Islam (ma ọ bụ Kalagan Piso): a na-asụ ya n'ụsọ oké osimiri ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Davao Gulf kpọmkwem n'ebe ọwụwa Anyanwụ nke Davao City, na Davao del Norte.

## Edensibia
n'ụsọ oké osimiri ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Davao Gulf kpọmkwem n'ebe ọwụwa
Asụsụ Mbama

Lembaama bụ Asụsụ Bantu nke Ndị Mbaama na-asụ na Bambama District (Lekoumou Region) nke Republic of Congo na Haut-Ogooué Province na Gabon. Aha asụsụ bụ LEmbaama, onye na-asụ ya bụ Ombaama (sg), Ambaama (pl). A ga-eji aha mgbọrọgwụ MBAAMA mee ihe dị ka adjective. Ihe atụ: Ndị Mbaama.

## Edensibia
Lembaama. London: New Academic Edicions, 2022. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 100 Antsintsami

## Akwụkwọ
 

* Nkọwa mbụ nke akụkụ nke ụdaolu na ọdịdị nke aha ya bụ "Okoudowa" n'afọ 2005 n'afọ 2005.

https://teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-11032008-121559/pt-br.php

[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Site na Moanda (Gabão) ruo Fortaleza (Brazil). [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji][Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Okwu ọdịdị nke Lembaama. Saarbrücken: New Academica Edicions, 2016. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Nkọwa nke akụkụ nke ụdaolu na ọdịdị nke Lembaama. London: New Academic Edicions, 2022. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 100 Antsintsami m"Ambaama, 100 Mbaama Ilu, 100 Mbaam Ilu, 100 Mbamọ Mbaama Proverbios. Gatineau: Akwukwo Francos,2022 Facebook page: Lembaama

## Njikọ mpụga

* WolframAlpha.com/input/?i=Ombamba" id="mwLA" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Ombamba na WolframAlpha
Asụsụ Lawa

**Lawa** (La'wa, L'wa) bụ Asụsụ Mon-Khmer nke Thailand. E nwere ụdị abụọ dị iche iche ma ọ bụ olumba nke Lawa, nke a na-ewere dị ka asụsụ dị iche iche; aha ha na Ethnologue bụ Eastern Lawa na Western Lawa. A na-asụ ha n'obodo Lawa dị na mpaghara Mae Hong Son na Chiang Mai na Northern Thailand.

'asụsụ, Lawa bụ nke alaka Palaungic nke ezinụlọ Mon-Khmer nke asụsụ, nke bụ akụkụ nke ezinụlọ Austro-Asia.

Eastern Lawa  iche na Western Lawa n'agbanyeghị na ha bụ ndị nwere njikọ chiri anya n'ihi na asụsụ abụọ ahụ anaghị aghọta ibe ha dabere na akaebe nke ndị na-asụ Eastern na Western Lawa na nyocha nke SIL.

E nwere asụsụ abụọ dị iche iche a na-asụ n'etiti ndị Lawa nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ. Asụsụ ndị a nwere ọdịiche dị na ịkpọpụta na ụfọdụ ọdịiche dị iche iche. Otú ọ dị, ọdịiche ahụ anaghị egosi ihe isi ike ọ bụla na nghọta n'etiti ndị na-asụ asụsụ ndị a, n'ihi mmekọrịta chiri anya ha. Asụsụ bụ isi sitere na *Bo Luang*, (nke a maara n'ógbè ahụ dị ka *juang ra*), nke bụ obodo kachasị ukwuu n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Lawa, nke nwere ihe dị ka mmadụ 3,000. A na-asụ *Bo Luang* n'obodo nta iri na isii nke mpaghara Bo Luang na Bo Sali na Hot District, Chiang Mai Province. Asụsụ nke ọzọ sitere na *Bo Sangae*, (nke a maara n'ógbè ahụ dị ka *juang tiang*).

Eastern Lawa nwere ọkwa dị elu nke ume asụsụ ma na-asụ ya n'ụlọ site n'afọ ndụ niile. A na-emekarị agụmakwụkwọ gọọmentị, ọkwa obodo na azụmahịa gọọmentị na Central Thai. Ọtụtụ ndị Lawa nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ na-asụ asụsụ abụọ na ma ọ dịkarịa ala Northern Thai, ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ụfọdụ ndị okenye ga-azaghachi na Lawa mgbe a na-agwa ha okwu na Northern Thai. Ọgbọ na-eto eto na-asụkarị Central Thai n'ihi usoro agụmakwụkwọ ma na-asọpụta Northern Thai n'ụzọ dị mma n'ihi alụmdi na nwunye n'etiti Lawa na Northern Thais.

## Hụkwa

* Asụsụ Wa

## Edensibia
anya ha. Asụsụ bụ isi sitere na Bo Luang, (nke a maara n'ógbè ahụ dị ka juang anya ha. bụ isi sitere na *Bo Luang*, (nke a maara n'ógbè ahụ d

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 2013. Nkọwapụta Grammar nke Eastern Lawa. Thesis Master, Payap University.
* Munn, Elizabeth (2017). Nnyocha ụdaume nke Eastern Lawa. *Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society (JSEALS), 10* (2), 23-65.
* Munn, Elizabeth 2018. Ntụnyere Phonological nke Eastern Lawa Varieties na Hot District, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Thesis Master, Payap University.

## Njikọ mpụga

* Njikọ ụfọdụ na saịtị ịntanetị metụtara Wa
Asụsụ Tilung

**Tilung** (Nepal_language" id="mwCg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Nepali language" typeof="mw:Transclusion">Nepali) bụ Asụsụ Kiranti na-anwụ anwụ nke a na-asụ na Nepal. Dị ka Opgenort si kwuo (2011, 2013), Tilung nwere ọnọdụ onwe ya n'ime ezinụlọ asụsụ Kiranti, a pụkwara itinye ya n'etiti asụsụ Western Thulung, Khaling na Dumi, n'otu akụkụ, na asụsụ Southern Central Kiranti Kulung, Chamling na Bantawa, n'akụkụ nke ọzọ. Ọ bụ ezie na a na-asụ Tilung kpọmkwem na ndịda nke ebe a na-ekwu okwu Wambule, Tilung na Wambule anaghị aghọta ibe ha. "Asụsụ" Choskule na Dorungkecha nwere ike ịbụ asụsụ ndị yiri ya.

## Ebe ndị a na-anọ
Ndị agadi ole na ole bi n'ọtụtụ obere obodo dị na Chyasmitar (VDC), mpaghara ndịda Khotang, Sagarmatha Zone, Nepal (Opgenort 2011, Ethnologue) na-asụ Tilung. Ọ dị n'akụkụ ugwu nke Osimiri Sunkosi, n'elu ugwu ikpeazụ nke Ugwu Halesi. Dabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ nke Nepal na 2001 (nke nwere data sitere na 1991), Chyasmitar VDC nwere mmadụ 2,167 bi n'ezinụlọ 412, ma nwee ndị na-asụ Tilung 310. Otú ọ dị, nchọpụta ndị ọzọ Opgenort mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya gosiri na e nwere naanị ndị na-asụ Tilung ole na ole fọdụrụ. Ndị a niile karịrị afọ 60 ma na-asụ asụsụ abụọ n'ụzọ zuru oke na Nepali, nke bụ asụsụ kachasị n'etiti ndị agbụrụ Tilung.

## Edensibia
Linguistics. Akụkọ ihe mere eme na nkọwa asụsụ nke mpaghara Himalayan. Omume na Asụsụ. Nnyocha na

## Ebe e si nweta ya

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 2011. *[http://stedt.berkeley.edu/~stedt-cgi/rootcanal.pl/source/JRO-Tilung Ihe edeturu banyere Tilung na ọnọdụ ya n'ime Kiranti]*. Asụsụ Himalayan 10.1:253-271.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 2013. 'Nkebi ụtọ asụsụ mbụ nke Tilung', peeji nke 329-392 na *Trans-Himalayan Linguistics. * *Akụkọ ihe mere eme na nkọwa asụsụ nke mpaghara Himalayan. Omume na Asụsụ. Nnyocha na Monographs 266*. Thomas Owen-Smith, Nathan Hill, eds. Berlin: Nwa atụrụ Gruyter.
* Central Bureau of Statistics. 2001. *Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na ya* Kathmandu: National Planning Commission.
Asụsụ Mokole

**Asụsụ Mokole** bụ obere ìgwè Asụsụ Mande nke Guinea na Sierra Leone. Ha bụ Kakabe, Kuranko, Lele, na Mixifore.

## Edensibia
nde mmadụ ndị ọzọ na-asụrụ asụsụ nke abụọ. Enwere
Asụsụ Mende

thumb|Asusu Mende
**Mende** /ˈmenndi/ (*Mɛnde ya*) bụ asụsụ bụ isi nke Sierra Leone, na ụfọdụ ndị na-asụ ya na Liberia na Guinea. Ndị Mende na agbụrụ ndị ọzọ na-asụ ya dị ka asụsụ mpaghara na ndịda Sierra Leone. N'ebe ndịda Sierra Leone, ọ bụ asụsụ mpaghara nke na-enye agbụrụ niile ohere ikwurịta okwu.   &#x5B;**'&#x5D;</sup>

Mende bụ Asụsụ ụda nke sitere na [[Asụsụ Mande|Ezinụlọ asụsụ Mande]]. Nkọwa mbụ nke Mende bụ nke F. W. Migeod  na Kenneth Crosby . 

== Ụdị ederede ==
N'afọ 1921, Kisimi Kamara mepụtara mkpụrụedemede maka Mende ọ kpọrọ Kikakui. [[Usòrò:Ki-ka-ku.svg|30x30px|Kikaku]] na-eji ihe odide ahụ eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe ruo oge ụfọdụ, mana ejirila mkpụrụedemede dabere na mkpụrụedemede Latin dochie ya, a na-ewerekwa mkpụrụedemede Mende dị ka "ihe odide dara ada". A sụgharịrị Bible ahụ n'asụsụ Mende ma bipụta ya na 1959, n'asụsụ Latin.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;**'&#x5D;

**[[w]][[t]]**">s="cx-li**[[n]]**" data-linkid="169" href="./M" id="mwTQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="M">m**[[l]]**="cx-link" data-linkid="166" href="./K" id="mwRw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="K">k p">h="./G" id="mwPQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="G">g">u">o">f="./E" id="mwNw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="E">**[[Y|na]]**">d="mwMg">b id="mwMA">a Latin**Ọ bụ**: a, b, d, e, ɛ, f, g, **gb**, h, i, **[[j]]**, k, **kp**, l, m, n, **ny**, o, ɔ, p, s, t, u, v, w, y.  

Mende nwere **[[i]]**="mwaw">na**[[a]]** asaa: a, e, ɛ, i, **[[o]]**, ɔ, **[[u]]**.  

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

### Mkpụrụ okwu

### Mkpụrụedemede

## Na fim
E ji Mende mee ihe nke ukwuu na ihe nkiri Amistad na Blood Diamond ma bụrụkwa isiokwu nke ihe nkiri The Language You Cry In .

## Ihe odide ihe atụ
*Numuvuisia Kpɛlɛɛ ta le tɛ nduwɔ ya hu, tao ti nuvuu yei na-ekwu maka ya. N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'oge a ka a na-eme ya. N'ihi ya, ya, ya na ya na-eme ihe nkiri.*

### Nsụgharị
A na-amụ ụmụ mmadụ niile n'efu ma ha nhata na ùgwù na ikike. A na-enye ha ezi uche na akọ na uche ma ha kwesịrị imekọrịta ihe n'ebe ibe ha nọ n'ime mmụọ nke ọbụbụenyi.

* (Nkebi nke 1 nke Universal Declaration of Human Rights) *

## Edensibia
nde mmadụ ndị ọzọ na-asụrụ asụsụ nke abụọ. Enwere mpaghara na ndịda Sierra Leone. N'ebe ndịda Sierr

## Njikọ mpụga

* Bibliography on Mende
* Mende syllabary (Omniglot)
* PanAfrican L10n peeji na Mende, Bandi & Loko
* Akụkụ nke Akwụkwọ Ekpere Dị Iche na Mende (1916)
* Ihe onwunwe OLAC na banyere asụsụ Mende
Asụsụ Mono (California)

/'mOʊnOʊ/ (/ˈmoʊnoʊ/ MOH-noh) bụ asụsụ Ụmụ amaala America nke otu Numic nke Asụsụ Uto-Aztecan, asụsụ nna nna nke Ndị Mono. Mono nwere olumba abụọ, *Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ* na *Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ*.  na-ejikarị aha "Monachi" eme ihe na Western Mono na "Owens Valley Paiute" na-ezo aka na Eastern Mono. N'afọ 1925, Alfred Kroeber mere atụmatụ na Mono nwere ndị ọkà okwu 3,000 ruo 4,000. , naanị ndị agadi 37 na-asụ Mono dị ka asụsụ mbụ ha. UNESCO kewara ya dị ka ihe na-eyi egwu. A na-asụ ya na ndịda Sierra Nevada, Mono Basin, na Owens Valley nke etiti ọwụwa anyanwụ California. Mono nwere njikọ chiri anya  Northern Paiute; a na-ahazi ha abụọ dị ka ìgwè ọdịda anyanwụ nke alaka Numic nke Ezinụlọ asụsụ Uto-Aztecan.  [2]

## Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ
[thumb|Akụkọ na Mono nke [UCLA Phonetics Lab dere na 1984]]
Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-asụ asụsụ ala na 1994 sitere na 37 ruo 41. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na-ekwu okwu sitere na Northfork Rancheria na obodo Auberry. Big Sandy Rancheria na Dunlap nwere site na 12 ruo 14 ọkà okwu.  Northfork Mono na-emepụta akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu, ha na Big Sandy Rancheria na-enye klas asụsụ.  bụ ezie na ọ bụghị ha niile na-asụ nke ọma, ihe dị ka ndị otu 100 nke Northfork nwere "ụfọdụ iwu nke asụsụ ahụ". [1] Na ngwụcha afọ 1950, Nwa atụrụ chịkọtara akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu na ụtọ asụsụ nke Northforki Mono.   Western Mono nwere ọtụtụ okwu ndị a gbazitere na Spanish nke sitere n'oge ndị Spain na-achị California, [1] yana okwu ndị a gzitere na Yokuts na Miwok. [2] [3]

## Owens Valley Paiute
'etiti afọ ndị 1990, a na-eme atụmatụ na mmadụ iri ise na-asụ asụsụ Owens Valley Paiute, nke a makwaara dị ka Eastern Mono. Kl asụsụ ndị a na-ejighị n'aka dị ma ndị na-agụ egwú na-eme ka abụ asụsụ ala dị ndụ. Onye ọkà mmụt asụsụ Sydney Lamb mụrụ asụsụ a n'afọ ndị 1950 wee tụọ aro aha Paviotso, mana nke ahụ abụghị nke a nabatara n'ọtụtụ ebe. 

## Phonemes

### Mkpụrụedemede

.

### Mkpụrụ okwu
N'okpuru ebe a ka e nyere ndepụta ụdaume nke Northfork Western Mono na Owens Valley Paiute dị ka Lamb (1958) na Liljeblad & Fowler (1986) gosipụtara.

* A na-ekesa ụda nke plosives, nasals na fricatives n'otu ụzọ.

### Suprasegmental
Nwa atụrụ (1958) kọwakwara ihe anọ dị n'elu akụkụ nke o nyere ọnọdụ fonem.

## Ọdịdị
Mono bụ asụsụ aglutinative, nke okwu na-eji mgbagwoju anya maka ebumnuche dịgasị iche iche na ọtụtụ morphemes jikọtara ọnụ.

## Hụkwa

* Akụkọ ọdịnala mono

## Edensibia
Northfork Western Mono na Owens Valley Paiute dị ka Lamb (1958) na Liljeblad & Fowler (1986) gosipụtara. Mono nwere ọtụtụ okwu ndị a gbazitere na Spanish nke sitere n'oge ndị Spain na-achị C

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] *Flutes of Fire: Essays on California Indian Languages.* Berkeley: Heyday Books, 1994.   ISBN .&nbsp;
* Miller, Wick R. "Numic Languages." *Handbook of North American Indians: Great Basin, Mpịakọta 11.* Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1986.   ISBN .&nbsp;
* 
* 

## Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

* 
* 
* 

### Nweghachi asụsụ

* 
* 
*
Asụsụ Montfortian

**Montfort** (nke dị na Mofers ma ọ bụ Mofertaans) bụ asụsụ Central Limburgish nke a na-asụ n'obodo Dutch nke Montfort . Ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na olumba ndị a na-asụ na Echt, Sint Joost, Hingen, Peij, Slek (Echt-Susteren, Limburg) na Koningsbosch.

E nwere ụdị atọ dị iche iche nwere naanị obere ọdịiche:

* Mofertaans (asụ na Aan nke Berg na Montfort) 
* *Pötbrooks* (asụ na Echterbosch, Maria-Hoop na Putbroek) 
* Räötjes (asụ na Reutje, a na-ejikarị ya na olumba Sint Odiliënberg) 

## Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
 

### Mkpụrụ okwu
 

Labiovelar  nwekwara ike ịghọta dị ka bilabial.

'ime ụdaume dị n'ihu,  na  dị n'azụ  na [X].

 bụ allophone nke .

Ezi mmezu nke  dabere na ọkà okwu. Ndị na-ekwu okwu ndị okenye na-ejikarị  a kpara atọ n'efu na , ebe ndị na-ekwu ihe na-eto eto na-ejikwa uvular .

Tupu ụdaume gbara gburugburu, ụdaume niile na-egosipụta ụfọdụ ọkwa nke egbugbere ọnụ.

### Mkpụrụedemede

#### Monophthongs

*  na-apụta naanị na mkpụrụedemede na-enweghị nrụgide.
*  na-apụta naanị na okwu ndị a gbazitere site na Bekee.

## Asụsụ
Dị ka ọtụtụ olumba Limburgish, ụtọ asụsụ nke Montfortian bụ nke na-adịghị mma ma dị obere karịa Dutch.

### Isiokwu
E nwere ìgwè isiokwu abụọ: isiokwu doro anya na isiokwu na-enweghị njedebe. Mgbe a *na*-ezo aka n'otu onye ma ọ bụ ihe, a na-eji isiokwu a kapịrị ọnụ (Bekee the) N'ọtụtụ, dịka na Bekee, enweghị isiokwu a kapịtara ọnụ na ụdị ndị a kapịrị aka nwere aha ndị na-enweghị isiokwu ọ bụla. A na-ejikọta isiokwu site na okike, bdht-vowel-rule, okwu ụtọ asụsụ na ọnụọgụ. A pụkwara ikpebi ụdị isiokwu ahụ site na ma a na-eji okwu mbido.

#### Njikọ nke Abụọ
Nke a bụ obere ìgwè. Mgbọrọgwụ ngwaa niile siri ike nke nwere umlaut na-agwụ na *-aeV*.

: *braeke*, iji gbasaa

#### Njikọ nke Atọ
Nke a bụ obere ìgwè. Mgbọrọgwụ ngwaa niile na-adịghị ike nke nwere mgbọrọgwụ na-agwụ na *-eiV*.

: *zweite*, ka ọ na-esi ísì

#### Njikọ nke anọ
Nke a bụ ìgwè kachasị ukwuu. Mgbọrọgwụ ngwaa na-adịghị ike na-adịghị agwụ agwụ na *b, ch, d, f, g, k, p*, na s (na t-deletion) * (nke e wepụrụ t) *

: *kaoke*, isi nri

#### Njikọ nke ise
Nke a bụ nke atọ kachasị ukwuu. Mgbọrọgwụ ngwaa niile -adịghị ike nke nwere mgbọrọgwụ na-agwụ na -ouV.

: *doupe*,  iji mee baptizim

#### Njikọ nke isii
Nke a bụ nke anọ kachasị ukwuu. Mgbọrọgwụ ngwaa niile na-adịghị ike nke nwere mgbọrọgwụ na-agwụ na *-aV*. Mgbọrọgwụ ngwaa niile na-adịghị ike nke na-ejedebe na *-aaV* na-eji *-aeV* kama *-eV*.

: *bevalle*,  iji nụ ụtọ 

#### Njikọ nke asaa
A maghị oke nke otu a. A na-ahụkarị ya dị ka akụkụ nke njikọ mbụ. Mgbọrọgwụ ngwaa na-adịghị ike na-enweghị ntụpọ na-agwụ na *-m*.

## Edensibia
dịka na Bekee, enweghị isiokwu a kapịtara ọnụ na ụdị ndị a kapịrị aka nwere aha ndị na-enweghị isiokwu ọ bụla. A na-ejikọta isiokwu site na okike, bdht-vowel-rule, okwu ụtọ asụsụ na


## Ebe e si nweta ya

*  
Òtù:All articles with unsourced statements
Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations
Asụsụ Basum

**Basum** (autonym: *brog gsum* 'ugwu atọ'; **Basong** 巴松话; **Bake** ) bụ asụsụ Bodish dị iche iche nke ihe dị ka mmadụ 2,500 na-asụ na Gongbo'gyamda County 工布江达县, Nyingtri Prefecture, Tibet, China. 13.5% nke ndị bi na Gongbo'gyamda County na-asụ Basum. Glottolog depụtara Basum dị ka onye a na-ahapụghị n'ime Bodish.

Wang (2020) bụ nkọwa ụtọ asụsụ na morphosyntactic nke Basum . 

## Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga
A maara asụsụ Basum n'ógbè ahụ dị ka **Bäke**, nke sitere na brag-gsum ska, nke pụtara 'asụsụ nke Nkume Atọ'. E nwere ihe dị ka ndị na-asụ asụsụ 3,000 na obodo Zhoka na Tshongo, Gongbo'gyamda County 工布江达县, n'ikperé mmiri nke Ọdọ Mmiri Basum. , et al. (1989) kọwakwara na a na-asụ Basum na Cuogao Township 错高乡 na Xueka Township 雪卡乡 nke Gongbo'gyamda County 工布江达县, Nyingtri Prefecture, Tibet, China.

## Nchịkọta
áká_èkpè|thumb|200x200px|Ọdọ Mmiri Basum (''Basum Tso'') na Tibet
Qu, et al. (1989)  na-ekwu na Basum bụ onye a na-apụghị ịghọta aghọta ma dị nnọọ iche na Gongbu Tibetan (Chinese: 工布话; 11,600 ọkà ), nke bụ asụsụ dị iche iche nke Central Tibetan nke nwere njikọ chiri anya na Nyingchi Tibetan (Chinish: 林芝话). Basum bụkwa ihe a na-apụghị ịghọta aghọta na Niangpu nkata (nke a na-akpọkwa Muqu 牧区话), nke bụ asụsụ Khams nke ndị mmadụ 4,310 na-asụ na Jiaxing 加兴 na Niangp nkata obodo nke Gongbo'gyamda County. , et al. (1989:61) na-achọpụta ụfọdụ myirịta okwu n'etiti Basum na Cuona Menba (Tawang Monpa), asụsụ East Bodish.

Suzuki & Nyima (2016)  na-ewere Basum dị ka asụsụ na-abụghị Ndị Tibet.

Tournadre (2014)  kewara Basum (Bake) dị ka asụsụ Bodish a na-akpọghị aha nke na-esoghị na alaka Tibetic. Tourn*a* (2014: 112) na-ekwu na Basum nwere negator a-, dị iche na negator *ma*- ma ọ bụ *myi*- n'asụsụ Tibetic. Ọzọkwa, n'adịghị ka asụsụ Tibetic, Basum anaghị eme ka Proto-Bodish *ti- na *si-.

## Akwụkwọ Nsọ
Tournadre & Suzuki (2023) depụtara okwu Basum ndị na-esonụ na-enweghị aha Tibetic.

, et al. (1989: 50-51) depụtara okwu Basum ndị na-esonụ na-enweghị njikọ na asụsụ ndị agbata obi Tibetic.

Okwu Basum ndị ọzọ dị iche iche bụ (Suzuki & Nyima 2016): 

## Edensibia
na-achọpụta ụfọdụ myirịta okwu n'etiti Basum na Cuona Menba (Tawang Monpa), asụsụ East Bodish depụtara okwu Basum ndị na-esonụ na-enweghị njikọ na asụsụ ndị agbata obi Tibetic.