Willelmus Tyrensis

**William dari Tyre** (;  1130 – 29 September 1186) adalah seorang prelatus dan pembuat kronik Abad Pertengahan. Sebagai uskup agung Tyre, ia terkadang disebut sebagai **William II** untuk membedakannya dari pendahulunya, William I, orang Inggris.

## Referensi

## Sumber
### Primer

* William of Tyre, *A History of Deeds Done Beyond the Sea*, trans. E.A. Babcock and A.C. Krey. Columbia University Press, 1943.

### Sekunder

* John Carl Andressohn, *The Ancestry and Life of Godfrey of Bouillon*. Indiana University Publications, Social Science Series 5, 1947.
* Susan M. Babbitt, "William of Tyre." *[[Dictionary of the Middle Ages]]*, ed. Joseph Strayer. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1989, vol. 12.
* Marshall W. Baldwin, "The Decline and Fall of Jerusalem, 1174–1189." *A History of the Crusades* (gen. ed. Kenneth M. Setton), vol. 1: The First Hundred Years (ed. Marshall W. Baldwin). University of Wisconsin Press, 1969.
* Malcolm Barber, *The Trial of the Templars*. Cambridge University Press, 1993.
* Frederic Duncalf, "The First Crusade: Clermont to Constantinople." *A History of the Crusades* (gen. ed. Kenneth M. Setton), vol. 1: The First Hundred Years (ed. Marshall W. Baldwin). University of Wisconsin Press, 1969.
* Peter W. Edbury and John G. Rowe, "William of Tyre and the Patriarchal election of 1180." *The English Historical Review* 93 (1978), repr. *Kingdoms of the Crusaders: From Jerusalem to Cyprus* (Aldershot: Ashgate, Variorum Collected Series Studies, 1999), pp.&nbsp;1–25.
* Peter W. Edbury and John G. Rowe, *William of Tyre: Historian of the Latin East*. Cambridge University Press, 1988.
* Peter W. Edbury, "Propaganda and faction in the Kingdom of Jerusalem: the background to Hattin." *Crusaders and Muslims in Twelfth-Century Syria*, ed. Maya Shatzmiller (Leiden: Brill, 1993), repr. in Kingdoms of the Crusaders: From Jerusalem to Cyprus (Aldershot: Ashgate, Variorum Collected Series Studies, 1999), pp.&nbsp;173–189.
* Bernard Hamilton, *The Leper King and his Heirs*. Cambridge University Press, 2000.
* Charles Homer Haskins, *The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century*. Harvard University Press, 1927; repr. Meridian Books, 1966.
* R. B. C. Huygens, "Guillaume de Tyr étudiant: un chapître (XIX, 12) de son Histoire retrouvé." *Latomus* 21 (1962), pp.&nbsp;811–829. 
* R. B. C. Huygens, "Editing William of Tyre." *Sacris Erudiri* 27 (1984), pp.&nbsp;461–473.
* G. A. Loud and J. W. Cox, "The 'Lost' Autobiographical Chapter of William of Tyre's Chronicle (Book XIX.12)." *The Crusades: An Encyclopedia*, ed. Alan V. Murray (ABC-Clio, 2006), vol. 4, Appendix: Texts and Documents #4, pp.&nbsp;1305–1308.
* Hans E. Mayer, *The Crusades*, 2nd ed., trans. John Gillingham. Oxford University Press, 1988.
* Alan V. Murray, "William of Tyre and the origin of the Turks: on the sources of the Gesta Orientalium Principum," in *Dei gesta Per Francos: Études sur les crioisades dédiées à Jean Richard/Crusade Studies in Honour of Jean Richard*, edd. Michel Balard, Benjamin Z. Kedar and Jonathan Riley-Smith (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2001), pp.&nbsp;217–229.
* Alan V. Murray, "William of Tyre." *The Crusades: An Encyclopedia*, ed. Alan V. Murray (ABC-Clio, 2006), vol. 4.
* Helen J. Nicholson, "William of Tyre." *Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing*, ed. Kelly Boyd. Taylor & Francis, 1999, vol. 2.
* Steven Runciman, *A History of the Crusades*, volume 1: The First Crusade and the Foundation of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Cambridge University Press, 1951.
* Steven Runciman, *A History of the Crusades*, volume 2: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East. Cambridge University Press, 1952.
* R. C. Schwinges, "William of Tyre, the Muslim enemy, and the problem of tolerance." *Tolerance and Intolerance. Social Conflict in the Age of the Crusades*, ed. Michael Gervers and James M. Powell, Syracuse University Press, 2001.
* Christopher Tyerman, *The Invention of the Crusades*. University of Toronto Press, 1998.
* Christopher Tyerman, *God's War: A New History of the Crusades*. Penguin, 2006.
* Jacques Verger, "The birth of the universities". *[[A History of the University in Europe]]*, vol. 1: Universities in the Middle Ages, ed. Hilde de Ridder-Symoens. Cambridge University Press, 1992, pp.&nbsp;47–55.
* D. W. T. C. Vessey, "William of Tyre and the art of historiography." *Mediaeval Studies* 35 (1973), pp.&nbsp;433–455.

## Bacaan tambahan
### Sumber primer

* *Willemi Tyrensis Archiepiscopi Chronicon*, ed. R. B. C. Huygens. 2 vols. *Corpus Christianorum Continuatio Medievalis*, vols. 63 & 63a. Turnholt: Brepols, 1986. Latin text with introduction and notes in French.
* *L'Estoire d'Eracles empereur et la conqueste de la terre d'Outremer*, in Recueil des historiens des croisades, Historiens occidentaux, vols. I-II (1844, 1859). 
* J. A. Giles, trans. *[[Roger of Wendover]]'s Flowers of History*. London, 1849.
* *La Chronique d'Ernoul et de Bernard le Trésorier*, ed. Louis de Mas Latrie. Paris, 1871. 
* *Guillaume de Tyr et ses continuateurs*, ed. Alexis Paulin Paris. Paris, 1879–1880. 
* Margaret Ruth Morgan, *La continuation de Guillaume de Tyr (1184–1197)*. Paris, 1982. 
* Helen J. Nicholson, ed. *The Chronicle of the Third Crusade: The Itinerarium Peregrinorum and the Gesta Regis Ricardi*. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1997.
* Janet Shirley, *Crusader Syria in the Thirteenth Century: The Rothelin Continuation of the History of William of Tyre with part of the Eracles or Acre text*. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1999.

### Sumber sekunder

* Thomas Asbridge, *[[The First Crusade: A New History]]*. Oxford University Press, 2004.
* R. H. C. Davis, "William of Tyre." *Relations Between East and West in the Middle Ages*, ed. Derek Baker (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1973), pp.&nbsp;64–76.
* Peter W. Edbury, "The French translation of William of Tyre's *Historia*: the manuscript tradition." *Crusades* 6 (2007).
* Bernard Hamilton, "William of Tyre and the Byzantine Empire." *Porphyrogenita: Essays on the History and Literature of Byzantium and the Latin East in Honour of Julian Chrysostomides*, eds. Charalambos Dendrinos, Jonathan Harris, Eirene Harvalia-Crook, and Judith Herrin (Ashgate, 2003).
* Philip Handyside, *The Old French William of Tyre*. Brill, 2015.
* Rudolf Hiestand, "Zum Leben und Laufbahn Wilhelms von Tyrus." *Deutsches Archiv* 34 (1978), pp.&nbsp;345–380. 
* Conor Kostick, "William of Tyre, Livy and the Vocabulary of Class." *Journal of the History of Ideas* 65.3 (2004), 352-367.
* Hans E. Mayer, "Guillaume de Tyr à l'école." *Mémoires de l'Académie des sciences, arts et belles-lettres de Dijon* 117 (1985–86), repr. *Kings and Lords in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem* (Aldershot: Ashgate, Variorum Collected Studies Series, 1994), pp.&nbsp;257–265. 
* Hans E. Mayer, "Zum Tode Wilhelms von Tyrus." *Archiv für Diplomatik* 5–6 (1959–1960), pp.&nbsp;182–201. 
* Margaret Ruth Morgan, *The Chronicle of Ernoul and the Continuations of William of Tyre*. Oxford University Press, 1973.
* Hans Prutz, "Studien über Wilhelm von Tyrus." *Neues Archiv der Gesellschaft für ältere deutsche Geschichtskunde* 8 (1883), pp.&nbsp;91–132. 

## Pranala luar

* Excerpts from the ''Historia'' from the Internet Medieval Sourcebook
* Fiasco at Damascus 1148 from the Internet Medieval Sourcebook
* Latin version from the Patrologia Latina, via The Latin Library 
* Latin version from Crusades-Encyclopedia.com 
* Latin version with concordance from Intertext.com 
* Old French translation and continuation from Internet Medieval Sourcebook 
* English translation by E.A. Babcock and A.C. Krey, from ACLS Humanities E-Books (login required)