Formasi Shungura

**Formasi Shungura** adalah sebuah formasi stratigrafik yang terletak di cekungan sungai Omo, Etiopia. Formasi tersebut berasal dari zaman Pliosen Akhir dan Pleistosen Awal. Oldowan ditemukan pada formasi tersebut, yang menyiartkan pemakaian awal dari alat-alat batu oleh para hominin. Selain itu, fosil-fosil *[[Panthera]]* ditemukan pada Anggota G dari formasi tersebut.

## Fosil
Fosil-fosil berikut ini dilaporkan ditemukan dari formasi tersebut:

* *[[Acomys|Acomys sp.]]*
* *[[Aepyceros|Aepyceros shungurae]]*
* *[[Aethomys|Aethomys deheinzelini]]*
* *[[Ancylotherium]]*
* *[[Antidorcas|Antidorcas recki]]*
* *[[Arvicanthis|Arvicanthis sp.]]*
* *[[Australopithecus boisei]]*
* *[[Camelops|Camelops grattardi]]*
* *[[Camelus|Camelus sp.]]*
* *[[Ceratotherium simum]]*
* *[[Clarias|Clarias sp.]]*
* *[[Crocidura|Crocidura aithiops]]*
* *[[Diceros bicornis]]*
* *[[Equus (genus)|Equus oldowayensis]]*
* *[[Eurygnathohippus|Eurygnathohippus libycum]]*
* *[[Euthecodon]]*
* *[[Gazella|Gazella praethomsoni]]*
* *[[Gerbillus|Gerbillus sp.]]*
* *[[Gymnarchus|Gymnarchus sp.]]*
* *[[Helogale|Helogale hirtula]]*
* *[[Heterocephalus|Heterocephalus atikoi]]*
* *[[Hexaprotodon|Hexaprotodon protoamphibius]]*, *[[Hexaprotodon|H. shungurensis]]*
* *[[Hipparion|Hipparion sitifense]]*
* *[[Hippopotamus protoamphibius]]*
* *[[Hipposideros|Hipposideros kaumbului]]*
* * [[Homotherium|Homotherium Sp.]]*
* *[[Jaculus orientalis]]*
* *[[Kobus ancystrocera]]*, *[[Kobus ellipsiprymnus|K. ellipsiprymnus]]*, *[[Kobus oricornis|K. oricornis]]*, *[[Kobus sigmoidalis|K. sigmoidalis]]*
* *[[Kolpochoerus|Kolpochoerus limnetes]]*
* *[[Lepus capensis]]*
* *[[Loxodonta adaurora]]*, *[[Loxodonta exoptata|L. exoptata]]*
* *[[Mastomys|Mastomys minor]]*
* *[[Menelikia|Menelikia lyrocera]]*
* *[[Metridiochoerus jacksoni]]*, *[[Metridiochoerus modestus|M. modestus]]*
* *[[Notochoerus|Notochoerus euilus]]*, *[[Notochoerus|N. scotti]]*
* *[[Nyanzachoerus|Nyanzachoerus kanamensis]]*
* *[[Palaeoloxodon recki]]*
* *[[Paracolobus mutiwa]]*
* *[[Paraxerus ochraceus]]*
* *[[Pelomys|Pelomys sp.]]*
* *[[Pelorovis|Pelorovis sp.]]*
* *[[Polypterus|Polypterus sp.]]*
* *[[Redunca|Redunca sp.]]*
* *[[Saidomys|Saidomys sp.]]*
* *[[Syncerus|Syncerus cf. acoelotus]]* 
* *[[Synodontis|Synodontis sp.]]*
* *[[Taphozous|Taphozous abitus]]*
* *[[Thallomys|Thallomys quadrilobatus]]*
* *[[Theropithecus brumpti]]*, *[[Theropithecus oswaldi|T. oswaldi]]*
* *[[Tragelaphus|Tragelaphus gaudryi]]*, *[[Tragelaphus|T. nakuae]]*	
* *[[Tatera|Tatera sp.]]*
* *[[Xerus|Xerus sp.]]*

## Referensi

### Daftar pustaka
* 

## Bacaan tambahan
* L. Bobe and M. Mabela. 1997. Incidence of four gastrointestinal parasite worms in group of cricetomas,Lukaya-Democratic Republic of Congo. Tropicultura 15(3):132-135
* C. S. Churcher and D. A. Hooijer. 1980. The Olduvai Zebra (Equus oldowayensis) from the later Omo beds, Ethiopia. Zoologische Mededelingen 55(22):265-280
* Y. Coppens and F. C. Howell. 1985. Les Faunes Plio-Pleistocenes de las Basse Vallee de l'Omo (Ethiopie), Tome 1: Perissodactyls, Artiodactyls (Bovidae). Cahiers de Paleontologie, Editions du CNRS, Paris
* G. Eck. 1977. Diversity and frequency distributions of Omo Group Cercopithecidae. Journal of Human Evolution 6:55-63
* C. S. Feibel, F.H. Brown, and I. McDougall. 1989. Stratigraphic Context of Fossil hominids from the Omo Group Deposits: Northern Turkana Basin, Kenya and Ethiopia. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 78:595-622
* J. de Heinzelin. 1983. The Omo Group: Archives of the International Omo Research Expedition. Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Annales Series 8, Tervuren, Belgique 85
* F. C. Howell and Y. Coppens. 1973. Inventory of remains of Hominidae from Pliocene and Pleistocene formations of the lower Omo Basin, Ethiopia (1967-1972). American Journal of Physical Anthropology 40:1-16
* M. G. Leakey. 1982. Extinct large Colobines from the Plio-Pleistocene of Africa. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 58:153-172
* 2015 - Thomas W. Plummer, Joseph V. Ferraro, Julien Louys, Fritz Hertel, Zeresenay Alemseged, René Bobe, L. C. Bishop - Bovid ecomorphology and hominin paleoenvironments of the Shungura Formation, lower Omo River Valley, Ethiopia 
* 1979 - Robert J. Rogers & Francis H. Brown - Authigenic mitridatite from the Shungura Formation, southwestern Ethiopia 
* G. Suwa, T. D. White, and F. Clark Howell. 1996. Mandibular postcanine dentition from the Shungura Formation, Ethiopia: Crown morphology, taxonomic allocations and Plio-Pleistocene Hominid Evolution. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 101:247-282
*  (1993); *Wildlife of Gondwana*. Reed. 
* H. B. Wesselman. 1984. The Omo Micromammals: Systematics and Paleoecology of Early Man Sites from Ethiopia. Contributions to Vertebrate Evolution 17