Pertempuran Gedung Pengadilan Spotsylvania

**Pertempuran Gedung Pengadilan Spotsylvania**, kadang lebih dikenal sebagai **Pertempuran Spotsylvania** (atau ejaan abad ke-19 **Spottsylvania**), adalah pertempuran besar kedua dalam Kampanye Darat tahun 1864 yang dipimpin oleh Letjen. Ulysses S. Grant dan Mayjen. George G. Meade dalam Perang Saudara Amerika. Setelah Pertempuran di Hutan Liar yang memakan banyak korban jiwa tetapi tidak memberikan hasil yang jelas, pasukan Grant melepaskan diri dari berperang dengan pasukan Jenderal Robert E. Lee dan bergerak ke tenggara, mencoba memancing Lee ke dalam pertempuran dengan kondisi yang lebih menguntungkan mereka. Anggota-anggota pasukan Lee mengalahkan pasukan Union hingga persimpangan penting di Gedung Pengadilan Spotsylvania di Spotsylvania County, Virginia, dan mulai membuat parit. Pertempuran terjadi terus-menerus mulai dari tanggal 8 Mei hingga 21 Mei 1864, saat Grant mencoba berbagai rencana untuk menerobos garis pertahanan Konfederasi. Pada akhirnya, tidak ada pemenang yang jelas dari pertempuran itu, tetapi kedua belah pihak menyatakan kemenangan. Konfederasi menyatakan kemenangan karena mereka mampu mempertahankan pertahanan mereka. Amerika Serikat menyatakan kemenangan karena serangan Federal dapat berlanjut dan banyak anggota dari pasukan Lee yang tidak dapat digantikan menjadi korban jiwa. Dengan hampir 32.000 korban jiwa di kedua belah pihak, Spotsylvania menjadi pertempuran yang paling memakan korban dalam kampanye ini.

## Catatan kaki

## Catatan

## Referensi
* Bonekemper, Edward H., III. *A Victor, Not a Butcher: Ulysses S. Grant's Overlooked Military Genius*. Washington, DC: Regnery, 2004. .
* Cullen, Joseph P. "Battle of Spotsylvania." In *Battle Chronicles of the Civil War: 1864*, edited by James M. McPherson. Connecticut: Grey Castle Press, 1989. . First published in 1989 by McMillan.
* Eicher, David J. *The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War*. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. .
* Esposito, Vincent J. *West Point Atlas of American Wars*. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1959. . The collection of maps (without explanatory text) is available online at the West Point website.
* Foote, Shelby. *[[The Civil War: A Narrative]]*. vol. 3, Red River to Appomattox. New York: Random House, 1974. .
* Fox, William F. ''Regimental Losses in the American Civil War''. Dayton, OH: Morningside Press, 1993. . First published 1898 in Washington, DC.
* Grimsley, Mark. *And Keep Moving On: The Virginia Campaign, May–June 1864*. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2002. .
* Hattaway, Herman, and Archer Jones. *How the North Won: A Military History of the Civil War*. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1983. .
* Humphreys, Andrew A. ''The Virginia Campaign of '64 and '65: The Army of The Potomac and the Army of The James''. New York: C. Scribner's Sons, 1883. .
* Jaynes, Gregory, and the Editors of Time-Life Books. *The Killing Ground: Wilderness to Cold Harbor*. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1986. .
* Kennedy, Frances H., ed. ''The Civil War Battlefield Guide''. 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1998. .
* McPherson, James M. *[[Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era]]*. Oxford History of the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. .
* Rhea, Gordon C. *The Battles for Spotsylvania Court House and the Road to Yellow Tavern, May 7–12, 1864*. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997. .
* Rhea, Gordon C. *To the North Anna River: Grant and Lee, May 13–25, 1864*. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2000. .
* Salmon, John S. *The Official Virginia Civil War Battlefield Guide*. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2001. .
* Simpson, Brooks D. *Ulysses S. Grant: Triumph over Adversity, 1822–1865*. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2000. .
* Smith, Derek. *The Gallant Dead: Union & Confederate Generals Killed in the Civil War*. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2005. .
* Trudeau, Noah Andre. *Bloody Roads South: The Wilderness to Cold Harbor, May–June 1864*. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1989. .
* Welcher, Frank J. *The Union Army, 1861–1865 Organization and Operations*. Vol. 1, *The Eastern Theater*. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989. .
* Young, Alfred C., III. *Lee's Army during the Overland Campaign: A Numerical Study*. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2013. .
* National Park Service battle description

### Memoar dan sumber utama
* Atkinson, Charles Francis. ''Grant's Campaigns of 1864 and 1865: The Wilderness and Cold Harbor (May 3 – June 3, 1864)''. The Pall Mall military series. London: H. Rees, 1908. .
* Badeau, Adam. ''Military History of Ulysses S. Grant'' (Vol. III). New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1881.
* Grant, Ulysses S. ''Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant''. 2 vols. Charles L. Webster & Company, 1885–86. .
* Longstreet, James. *From Manassas to Appomattox: Memoirs of the Civil War in America*. New York: Da Capo Press, 1992. . First published in 1896 by J. B. Lippincott and Co.
* Porter, Horace. ''Campaigning with Grant''. New York: Century Co., 1897. .
* 

## Pranala luar

* Battle of Spotsylvania Court House: '''Battle Maps''', histories, photos, and preservation news (Civil War Trust)
* '''Animated map''' of the Overland Campaign (Civil War Trust)
* National Park Service battlefield site
* Animated history of the Overland Campaign