Jalan Romawi

**Jalan Romawi** ( ; tunggal: ** ; berarti "jalan Romawi") adalah infrastruktur fisik yang penting untuk pemeliharaan dan pengembangan negara Romawi, dibangun dari sekitar 300 SM melalui perluasan dan konsolidasi Republik Romawi dan Kekaisaran Romawi. Mereka menyediakan sarana yang efisien untuk pergerakan darat tentara, pejabat, warga sipil, pengangkutan komunikasi resmi melalui pedalaman, dan barang dagangan. Jalan Romawi ada beberapa jenis, mulai dari jalan lokal kecil hingga jalan raya lebar jarak jauh yang dibangun untuk menghubungkan kota, kota besar, dan pangkalan militer. Jalan-jalan utama ini sering kali beraspal batu dan dilapisi logam, melengkung untuk drainase, dan diapit oleh jalan setapak, jalan setapak, dan parit drainase. Mereka diletakkan di sepanjang jalur yang disurvei secara akurat, dan beberapa dipotong melalui bukit atau dialirkan di atas sungai dan jurang di jembatan. Bagian-bagiannya dapat ditopang di atas tanah rawa pada pondasi rakit atau tiang pancang.

Pada puncak pembangunan Roma, tidak kurang dari 29 jalan raya militer besar memancar dari ibu kota, dan 113 provinsi kekaisaran saling terhubung oleh 372 jalan besar. Keseluruhannya terdiri dari lebih dari  jalan, yang lebih dari  beraspal batu. Di Galia saja, tidak kurang dari  jalan dikatakan telah ditingkatkan, dan di Britania setidaknya . Jalur (dan terkadang permukaan) dari banyak jalan Romawi bertahan selama ribuan tahun; beberapa dilapisi oleh jalan modern.

## Lihat pula

* Jalan dan jalur bersejarah
* Peninggalan Kekaisaran Romawi
* Teknologi militer Romawi
* Teknologi Romawi kuno

## Referensi

### Catatan kaki


### Informasi umum

* Laurence, Ray (1999). *[https://books.google.com/books?id=sUhT_AcJyYEC The roads of Roman Italy: mobility and cultural change]*. Routledge.
* Von Hagen, Victor W. (1967). *[https://archive.org/details/roadsthatledtoro00vonh The Roads That Led to Rome]*. The World Publishing Company, Cleveland and New York.
*Codrington, Thomas (1905). *[https://archive.org/details/romanroadsinbri00commgoog Roman Roads in Britain]*. London [etc.]: Society for promoting Christian knowledge.
*Forbes, Urquhart A., and Arnold C. Burmester (1904). *[https://books.google.com/books?id=UVMDAAAAMAAJ Our Roman Highways]*. London: F.E. Robinson & co.
* Roby, Henry John (1902). *[https://books.google.com/books?id=9wsxAAAAIAAJ Roman Private Law in the Times of Cicero and of the Antonines]*. Cambridge: C.U.P.
* Smith, William, William Wayte, and G. E. Marindin (1890). *[https://books.google.com/books?id=3uYtAAAAIAAJ A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities]*. London: J. Murray. pp. 946–954.
* Smith, William (1858). *[https://archive.org/details/aschooldictiona00smitgoog A School Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities]*; Abridged from the Larger Dictionary by William Smith, with Corrections and Improvements by Charles Anthon. N.Y.: [s.n.]. pp. 354–355.
* Cresy, Edward (1847). *[https://books.google.com/books?id=MUMOAAAAYAAJ An Encyclopædia of Civil Engineering, Historical, Theoretical, and Practical]*. London: Printed for Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, Paternoster-Row.

### Sumber utama

* Siculus Flaccus, De condicionibus agrorum cap. XIX
* Isidori Hispalensis Episcopi Etymologiarum sive Originum Liber XV, 15–16
* Codex Theodosianus:
** 8.5 De cursu publico angariis et parangariis;
** 15.3 De itinere muniendo

* Corpus Iuris Civilis
** C.12.50 De cursu publico angariis et parangariis
** D.8.3.0 De servitutibus praediorum rusticorum.
** D.8.6.2
** D.43.7 De locis et itineribus publicis
** D.43.8 Ne quid in loco publico vel itinere fiat.
** D.43.10 De via publica et si quid in ea factum esse dicatur.
** D.43.11 De via publica et itinere publico reficiendo.
** D.43.19 De itinere actuque privato.

## Bacaan lebih lanjut

* Adams, Colin. 2007. *Land transport in Roman Egypt 30 BC–AD 300: A study in administration and economic history.* Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.
* Chevallier, Raymond. 1972. *Les voies romaines.* Paris: Colin.
* Coarelli, Filippo. 2007. *Rome and environs: An archaeological guide.* Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.
* Davies, Hugh, E. H. 1998. "Designing Roman roads." *Britannia: Journal of Romano-British and Kindred Studies* 29: 1–16.
* Erdkamp, Peter. *Hunger and the Sword: Warfare and Food Supply in Roman Republican Wars (264–30 B.C.).* Amsterdam: Gieben, 1998.
* Isaac, Benjamin. 1988. "The meaning of 'Limes' and 'Limitanei' in ancient sources." *Journal of Roman Studies* 78: 125–47.
* Laurence, Ray. 1999. *The roads of Roman Italy. Mobility and cultural change.* London: Routledge.
* Lewis, Michael J. T. 2001. *Surveying instruments of Greece and Rome.* Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.
* MacDonald, William L. 1982–1986. *The architecture of the Roman Empire.* 2 vols. Yale Publications in the History of Art 17, 35. New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press.
* Meijer, Fik J., and O. Van Nijf. 1992. *Trade, transport and society in the ancient world: A sourcebook.* London: Routledge.
* O’Connor, Colin. 1993. *Roman bridges.* Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.
* Pekáry, Thomas. 1968. *Untersuchungen zu den römischen Reichsstraßen.* Bonn: Habelt.
* Quilici, Lorenzo. 2008. "Land transport, Part 1: Roads and bridges." In *The Oxford handbook of engineering and technology in the classical world.* Edited by John P. Oleson, 551–79. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.
* Rathmann, Michael. 2003. *Untersuchungen zu den Reichsstraßen in den westlichen Provinzen des Imperium Romanum.* Mainz: Philipp von Zabern.
* Talbert, Richard J. A., et al. 2000. *Barrington atlas of the Greek and Roman world.* Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press.
* Wiseman, T. P. 1970. "Roman Republican road-building." *Papers of the British School at Rome* 38: 122–52.

## Pranala luar

### Peta

* Orbis/Stanford Geospatial Network Model of the Roman World
* The Antiquity À-la-carte interactive digital atlas of the Ancient Mediterranean World 

### Artikel umum

* Roman Roads
* Omnes Viae: Roman route planner based on Tabula Peutingeriana
* Viae Romanae
* Road Map
* "Viae"—article by William Ramsay
* Traianus: Technical investigation of Roman public works

### Deskripsi jalan

* Vias Romanas em Portugal (in Portuguese) 
* Itineraires Romains en France (in French)
* Augustine's Africa
* Pictures of Roman roads in the province of Raetia (German captions)

### Hukum Romawi mengenai domain publik dan privat

* Servitutes

### Konstruksi jalan

*Roman Road Construction
*Construction of Roman Roads
*Design and Construction of Roman Roads
*Roman Road Construction