Varian Fry

**Varian Mackey Fry** () adalah seorang wartawan asal Amerika Serikat. Fry menjalankan sebuah jaringan penyelamatan di Prancis Vichy dari Agustus 1940 sampai September 1941 yang membantu 2.000 pengungsi anti-Nazi dan Yahudi, kebanyakan artis dan intelektual, yang kabur dari penindasan oleh Jerman Nazi pada Perang Dunia II.

## Referensi

### Daftar pustaka

* Gold, Mary Jayne. *Crossroads Marseilles, 1940*. New York: Doubleday, 1980. .
* Grunwald-Spier, Agnes. *The Other Schindlers: Why Some People Chose to Save Jews in the Holocaust*. Stroud, Gloucestershire, UK: The History Press, 2010. .
* Isenberg, Sheila. *A Hero of Our Own: The Story of Varian Fry*. Bloomington, Indiana: iUniverse, 2005. .
* McCabe, Cynthia Jaffee. "Wanted by the Gestapo: Saved by America &ndash; Varian Fry and the Emergency Rescue Committee", pp.&nbsp;79–91 in Jackman, Jarrell C. and Carla M. Borden, eds. *The Musses Flee Hitler: Cultural Transfer and Adaptation 1930-1945*. Washington, D.C.:  Smithsonian, 1983.
*Marino, Andy. *A Quiet American: The Secret War of Varian Fry*. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999. .
* Mattern, Joanne. *Life Stories of 100 American Heroes*. Vancouver: KidsBooks, 2001. .
* Mauthner, Martin. *German Writers in French Exile, 1933-1940*. London: Vallentine Mitchell, 2007, .
* McClafferty, Carla Killough. ''In Defiance of Hitler: The Secret Mission of Varian Fry''. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux (BYR), 2008. .
* Moulin, Pierre. *Dachau, Holocaust, and US Samurais: Nisei Soldiers First in Dachau?*. Bloomington, Indiana: AuthorHouse, 2007. . 
* Paldiel, Mordecai. *Saving the Jews: Men and Women who Defied the Final Solution*. Lanham, Maryland: Taylor Trade Publications, 2011. .
* Richards, Tad. *The Virgil Directive*. New York: Fawcett, 1982. .
* Riding, Alan. *And the Show Went On: Cultural Life in Nazi-occupied Paris*. New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2010. .
* Roth, John K. and Elisabeth Maxwell. *Remembering for the Future: The Holocaust in an Age of Genocide*. London: Palgrave, 2001. .
* Schwertfeger, Ruth. *In Transit: Narratives of German Jews in Exile, Flight, and Internment During 'The Dark Years' of France*. Berlin, Germany: Frank & Timme GmbH, 2012. .
* Sogos, Giorgia. "Varian Fry: "Der Engel von Marseille". Von der Legalität in die Illegalität und zur Rehabilitierung", in Gabriele Anderl, Simon Usaty (Hrsg.). "Schleppen, schleusen, helfen. Flucht zwischen Rettung und Ausbeutung". Wien: Mandelbaum,2016, S. 209–220, .
* Strempel, Rüdiger, *Letzter Halt Marseille - Varian Fry und das Emergency Rescue Committee*, in Clasen, Winrich C.-W./Schneemelcher, W. Peter, eds, *Mittelmeerpassagen*, Rheinbach 2018,   
* Strempel, Rüdiger, *Varian Fry: Der Amerikaner, der Europas Künstler rettete / The American Who Rescued Europe's Artists* (German-English) CMZ Verlag, Rheinbach 2023    
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* Sullivan, Rosemary. *Villa Air-Bel*. New York: HarperCollins, 2006. .
* Watson, Peter. *The German Genius: Europe's Third Renaissance, the Second Scientific Revolution and the Twentieth Century*. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2010. .

## Pranala luar
* Varian Fry Institute
* Varian Fry from the Varian Fry Foundation Project/IRC
* A Tribute to Varian Fry from Holocaust Survivors and Remembrance Project
* Varian Fry, The American Schindler by Louis Bülow
* Varian Fry, his activity to save Jews' lives during the Holocaust, at Yad Vashem website
*Finding aid to the Varian Fry papers at Columbia University Rare Book & Manuscript Library