Taman Kenikmatan Duniawi

***Taman Kenikmatan Duniawi*** adalah judul modern dari lukisan minyak *triptych* pada panel kayu ek yang dilukis oleh pelukis Belanda Awal, Hieronymus Bosch, antara 1490 dan 1510, ketika Bosch berusia antara 40 dan 60 tahun. Lukisan ini disimpan di Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spanyol sejak 1939.

Karena sedikit yang diketahui tentang kehidupan dan intensi Bosch, makna lukisan ini diinterpretasikan sebagai nasihat tentang pemanjaan kenikmatan duniawi, peringatan mengerikan tentang bahaya godaan hidup, hingga kebangkitan kenikmatan seksual tertinggi. Kerumitan simbolismenya, khususnya pada panel pusat, telah menyebabkan berbagai interpretasi ilmiah selama berabad-abad. Sejarawan seni abad kedua puluh bersilang pendapat mengenai apakah panel tengah *triptych* ini menggambarkan peringatan moral atau menggambarkan panorama dari surga yang sirna.

## Referensi

## Sumber

* Baldass, Ludwig von. *Hieronymus Bosch*. London: Thames and Hudson, 1960. 
* Belting, Hans. *Garden of Earthly Delights.* Munich: Prestel, 2005. .
* Bosing, Walter. *Hieronymus Bosch, C. 1450–1516: Between Heaven and Hell*. Berlin: Taschen, 2000. .
* Boulboullé, Guido, "Groteske Angst. Die Höllenphantasien des Hieronymus Bosch". In: Auffarth, Christoph and Kerth, Sonja (Eds): "Glaubensstreit und Gelächter: Reformation und Lachkultur im Mittelalter und in der Frühen Neuzeit", LIT Verlag Berlin, 2008, pp.&nbsp;55–78.
* Cinotti, Mia. *The Complete Paintings of Bosch*. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1969.
* De Beatis, Antonio. *The Travel Journal of Antonio De Beatis Through Germany, Switzerland, the Low Countries, France and Italy, 1517–18*. London: Hakluyt Society, 1999. .
* De Tolnay, Charles. *Hieronymus Bosch*. Tokyo: Eyre Methuen, 1975. . Original publication: *Hieronymus Bosch*, Basel: Holbein, 1937, 129 pages text, 128 pages images.
* Delevoy, Robert L. *Bosch: Biographical and Critical Study.* Lausanne: Skira, 1960.
* Fraenger, Wilhelm and Kaiser, Ernst. *The Millennium of Hieronymus Bosch*. New York: Hacker Art Books, 1951. Original publication: Wilhelm Fraenger, *Hieronymus Bosch – das Tausendjährige Reich. Grundzüge einer Auslegung*, Winkler-Verlag Coburg 1947, 142 pages 
* Gibson, Walter S. *Hieronymus Bosch*. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1973. .
* Glum, Peter. "Divine Judgment in Bosch's 'Garden of Earthly Delights". *The Art Bulletin*, Volume 58, No. 1, March 1976, 45–54.
* Glum, Peter. *The key to Bosch's "Garden of Earthly Delights" found in allegorical Bible interpretation*, Volume I. Tokyo: Chio-koron Bijutsu Shuppan, 2007. .
* Gómez, Isabel Mateo. "Hieronymus Bosch: The Garden of Earthly Delights". In Gaillard, J. and M. *Hieronymus Bosch: The Garden of Earthly Delights*. New York: Clarkson N. Potter, 1989. .
* Harbison, Craig. *The Art of the Northern Renaissance*. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1995. .
* Kleiner, Fred & Mamiya, Christian J. *Gardner's Art Through the Ages*. California: Wadsworth/Thompson Learning, 2005. .
* Koldeweij, A. M. (Jos) and Vandenbroeck, Paul and Vermet, Bernard M. *Hieronymus Bosch: The Complete Paintings and Drawings*. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2001(a). .
* Koldeweij, A. M. (Jos) and Vermet, Bernard M. with Kooy, Barbera van (edit.) *Hieronymus Bosch: New Insights Into His Life and Work*. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2001(b). .
* Larsen, Erik. *Hieronymus Bosch*. New York: Smithmark, 1998. .
* Linfert, Carl (tr. Robert Erich Wolf). *Bosch*. London: Thames and Hudson, 1972. . Original publication: *Hieronymus Bosch – Gesamtausgabe der Gemälde*, Köln: Phaidon Verlag 1959, 26 pages text, 93 pages images.
* Moxey, Keith. "Hieronymus Bosch and the 'World Upside Down': The Case of *The Garden of Earthly Delights*". *Visual Culture: Images and Interpretations*. Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press, 1994, 104–140. .
* Oliveira, Paulo Martins, *Jheronimus Bosch*, 2012, .
* Pokorny, Erwin, "Hieronymus Bosch und das Paradies der Wollust". In: "Frühneuzeit-Info", Jg. 21, Heft 1+2 (Sonderband "Die Sieben Todsünden in der Frühen Neuzeit"), 2010, pp.&nbsp;22–34.
* Rooth, Anna Birgitta. *Exploring the garden of delights: Essays in Bosch's paintings and the medieval mental culture*. California: Suomalainen tiedeakatemia, 1992. .
* Snyder, James. *Hieronymus Bosch*. New York: Excalibur Books, 1977. .
* Snyder, James. *The Northern Renaissance: Painting, Sculpture, the Graphic Arts from 1350 to 1575*. Second edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2004. .
* Veen, Henk Van & Ridderbos, Bernhard. *Early Netherlandish Paintings: Rediscovery, Reception, and Research*. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2004. .
* Vermet, Bernard M. "Baldass was right" in *Jheronimus Bosch. His Sources. 2nd International Jheronimus Bosch Conference May 22–25, 2007 Jheronimus Bosch Art Center*. 's-Hertogenbosch 2010.   "Online".
* *Hieronymus Bosch*. London: Grange Books, 2005. .
*Matthijs Ilsink, Jos Koldeweij, *Hieronymus Bosch: Painter and Draughtsman* – Catalogue raisonné, Mercatorfonds nv; 2016.

## Pranala luar

* At the Museo Nacional del Prado
*"Bosch painted ''Garden of Earthly Delights'' for Brussels Palace" Audiovisual by Tvbrussel, 2016
*"''The Garden of Earthly Delights'': A diachronic interpretation of Hieronymus Bosch's masterpiece" A lecture by Matthias Riedl
* Audiovisual tour of ''The Garden of Earthly Delights'' narrated by Redmond O'Hanlon
* Discussion by Janina Ramirez and Waldemar Januszczak: Art Detective Podcast, 25 Jan 2017
* Panorama of the painting