Orang kaya lama

**Orang kaya lama (OKL)** (, ) merujuk kepada golongan sosial yang mampu mempertahankan kekayaan yang diwarisi dari keluarga atau keturunan golongan atas selama beberapa generasi. 

## Lihat pula

* Aristokrasi
* Ningrat
* Grand Burgher (Jerman *Großbürger*)
* Hanseaten (kelas)
* Budaya tinggi
* Ningrat tanah
* Mentifak
* Bangsawan
* Orang kaya baru
* Parvenu
* Patrisiat
* Lingkungan sosial
* Status sosial
* Ketidakseimbangan status–pendapatan
* Modal simbolis
* Kapitalisme pemberi sewa
 

## Rujukan
 

## Bacaan lanjut
* Fisher, Nick, and Hans Van Wees, eds. *Aristocracy in Antiquity: Redefining Greek and Roman Elites* (ISD LLC, 2015).
* Janssens, Paul, and Bartolomé Yun-Casalilla, eds. *European Aristocracies and Colonial Elites: Patrimonial Management Strategies and Economic Development, 15th–18th Centuries* (Routledge, 2017).
* McDonogh, Gary Wray. *Good families of Barcelona: A social history of power in the industrial era* (Universitas Pers Princeton, 2014).
* Pincon, Michel, and Monique Pincon-Charlot. *Grand Fortunes. Dynasties and Forms of Wealth in France* (1998) excerpt
* Porter, John. *The vertical mosaic: An analysis of social class and power in Canada* (1965).
* Rothacher, Albrecht. *The Japanese power elite* (2016).
* Schutte, Kimberly. *Women, Rank, and Marriage in the British Aristocracy, 1485–2000: An Open Elite?* (2014).
* Stone, Lawrence. *An open elite?: England, 1540–1880* (1986). 

### Amerika Serikat
* 
* Allen, Irving Lewis. "WASP—From Sociological Concept to Epithet", *Ethnicity* 2.2 (1975): 153–162.
* Baltzell, E. Digby. *Philadelphia Gentlemen: The Making of a New Upper Class* (1958).
* Beckert, Sven. *The monied metropolis: New York City and the consolidation of the American bourgeoisie, 1850–1896* (2003).
* Brooks, David. *Bobos in paradise: The new upper class and how they got there* (2010)
* Davis, Donald F. "The Price of Conspicious &#91;sic&#93; Production: The Detroit Elite and the Automobile Industry, 1900–1933." *Journal of Social History* 16.1 (1982): 21–46. online
* Farnum, Richard. "Prestige in the Ivy League: Democratization and discrimination at Penn and Columbia, 1890–1970." in Paul W. Kingston and Lionel S. Lewis, eds. *The high-status track: Studies of elite schools and stratification* (1990).
* Foulkes, Nick. *High Society – The History of America's Upper Class*, (Assouline, 2008) .
* Fraser, Steve and Gary Gerstle, eds. *Ruling America: A History of Wealth and Power in a Democracy*, Harvard University Press, 2005, .
* Ghent, Jocelyn Maynard, and Frederic Cople Jaher. "The Chicago Business Elite: 1830–1930. A Collective Biography." *Business History Review* 50.3 (1976): 288–328. online
* Hood, Clifton. *In Pursuit of Privilege: A History of New York City's Upper Class and the Making of a Metropolis* (2016). Covers 1760–1970.
* Ingham, John N. *The Iron Barons: A Social Analysis of an American Urban Elite, 1874–1965* (1978)
* Jaher, Frederic Cople, ed. *The Rich, the Well Born, and the Powerful: Elites and Upper Classes in History* (1973), essays by scholars
* Jaher, Frederick Cople. *The Urban Establishment: Upper Strata in Boston, New York, Chicago, Charleston, and Los Angeles* (1982).
* Lundberg, Ferdinand: *[[The Rich and the Super-Rich]]: A Study in the Power of Money Today* (1968)
* McConachie, Bruce A. "New York operagoing, 1825–50: creating an elite social ritual." *American Music* (1988): 181–192. online
* Maggor, Noam. *Brahmin Capitalism: Frontiers of Wealth and Populism in America's First Gilded Age* (Harvard UP, 2017); 304 pp. online review
* 
* Phillips, Kevin P. *Wealth and Democracy: A Political History of the American Rich*, Broadway Books 2003, .
* Story, Ronald. (1980) *The forging of an aristocracy: Harvard & the Boston upper class, 1800-1870*
* Williams, Peter W. *Religion, Art, and Money: Episcopalians and American Culture from the Civil War to the Great Depression* (2016), especially in New York City