Kastil Kenilworth

**Kastil Kenilworth** adalah sebuah kastil di kota Kenilworth di Warwickshire, Inggris, yang dikelola oleh English Heritage; sebagian besarnya berupa reruntuhan. Kastil ini didirikan setelah Penaklukan Norman pada tahun 1066; dengan perkembangan hingga periode Tudor. Istana ini digambarkan oleh sejarawan arsitektur Anthony Emery sebagai "contoh terbaik yang masih ada dari istana semi-kerajaan di akhir abad pertengahan, yang penting karena skala, bentuk, dan kualitas pengerjaannya".

Kenilworth memainkan peran sejarah yang penting: kota ini menjadi sasaran pengepungan Kenilworth selama enam bulan pada tahun 1266, dianggap sebagai pengepungan terpanjang dalam sejarah Inggris Abad Pertengahan, dan menjadi basis operasi Lancastrian dalam Perang Mawar. Kenilworth adalah tempat pencopotan Edward II dari takhta Inggris, yang dianggap sebagai penghinaan Prancis terhadap Henry V pada tahun 1414 atas hadiah bola tenis (yang dikatakan oleh John Strecche telah mendorong kampanye yang mengarah pada Pertempuran Agincourt), dan resepsi mewah Elizabeth I oleh Earl of Leicester pada tahun 1575. Kastil ini digambarkan sebagai "salah satu dari dua kastil besar di Inggris yang dapat diklasifikasikan sebagai kastil air atau benteng danau".

Kastil ini dibangun selama beberapa abad. Didirikan pada tahun 1120-an di sekitar menara besar Norman yang kuat, kastil ini diperluas secara signifikan oleh Raja John pada awal abad ke-13. Pertahanan air yang besar diciptakan dengan membendung aliran sungai setempat, dan benteng yang dihasilkan terbukti mampu menahan serangan darat dan air pada tahun 1266. John dari Gaunt menghabiskan banyak uang di akhir abad ke-14, mengubah kastil abad pertengahan menjadi benteng istana yang dirancang dengan gaya tegak lurus terbaru. Earl of Leicester kemudian memperluas kastil selama masa jabatannya di abad ke-16, membangun bangunan Tudor baru dan memanfaatkan warisan abad pertengahan Kenilworth untuk menghasilkan istana Renaisans yang modis.

## Referensi

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## Bacaan tambahan
* Especially chapter 6.