Karl Abraham

**Karl Abraham** (; ) adalah seorang psikoanalis Jerman berpengaruh, dan kolaborator Sigmund Freud, yang menyebutnya 'murid terbaiknya'.

## Kehidupan
Abraham lahir di Bremen, Jerman. Orangtuanya adalah Nathan Abraham, seorang guru agama Yahudi (1842 – 1915) dan istrinya (sekaligus sepupunya) Ida (1847 – 1929). Kajiannya dalam kedokteran membolehkannya untuk mengambil sebuah posisi di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Burghölzli Swiss, dimana Eugen Bleuler berpraktik. Setting rumah sakit tersebut awalnya memperkenalkannya kepada psikoanalisis Carl Gustav Jung.

## Karya dan publikasi
* Normentafel zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des Huhnes (with Prof. Keibel). (1900) Normentafeln zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Wirbeltiere, Heft 2. Jena.
* Beiträge zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des Wellensittichs. (inaugural dissertation.) (1901) Anatomische Blätter (Anatomical Institute, Freiburg), Heft LVI/LVII. (Wiesbaden, I. F. Bergmann.)
* Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Delirium tremens der Morphinisten. (1902) C., Jahrg. XXV, June, S. 369–80.
* ber Versuche mit 'Veronal' bei Erregungszuständen der Paralytiker. (1904) C., Jahrg.
* Abraham, K.(1907). On the significance of Sexual Trauma in Childhood for the Symptomatology of Dementia Praecox. In Hilda, C., Abraham, M.D.(Ed) (1955). Clinical Papers and Essays on Psycho-Analysis. London : The Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psychoanalysis.
* Abraham, K.(1909). Dreams and Myths : A study in folk-Psychology.  In Hilda, C., Abraham, M.D.(Ed) (1955). Clinical Papers and Essays on Psycho-Analysis. London : The Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psychoanalysis.
* Abraham, K.(1911). Giovanni Segantini : A Psycho-analytical Study. In Hilda, C., Abraham, M.D.(Ed) (1955). Clinical Papers and Essays on Psycho-Analysis. London : The Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psychoanalysis.
* Abraham, K. (1912). Amenhotep IV. Psycho-analytical Contributions Towards the understanding of his Personality and of the Monotheistic Cult of Aton.  .  In Hilda, C., Abraham, M.D.(Ed) (1955). Clinical Papers and Essays on Psycho-Analysis. London : The Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psychoanalysis.
* Abraham, K. (1920). The Cultural Significance of Psycho-analysis. In Hilda, C., Abraham, M.D.(Ed) (1955). Clinical Papers and Essays on Psycho-Analysis. London : The Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psychoanalysis.
* Abraham, K (1921).  Contributions to the theory of the anal character. In Stein, D.J, Stone, M. H. (Ed) (1997). Essential papers on obsessive-compulsive disorders. New York: New York University Press.
* Abraham, K The influence of oral erotism on character-formation. In Perzow, S. M., Kets de Vries, M.F.R. (Ed) (1991). Handbook of character studies: Psychoanalytic explorations. Madison, CT: International Universities Press.
* Abraham, K. A short study of the development of the libido. In Frankiel, R.V. (Ed) (1994). Essential papers on object loss, New York: New York University Press.

## Catatan

## Referensi
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## Bacaan tambahan
* Freud, S. (1917). Mourning and Melancholia. Standard Edition, 14, 305-307.
* May-Tolzmann, U. (1997). The Discovery of the Bad Mother: Abraham’s contribution to the theory of Depression. Luzifer-Amor: Zeitschrift zur Geschichte der Psychoanalyse, 10(20), 98-131.
**Selected Papers on Psycho-Analysis*, Publisher: Karnac Books; 1997, 

## Pranala luar
* International Psychoanalytical Association