Laba-laba tanah

**Laba-laba tanah** atau **Gnaphosidae** adalah famili laba-laba terbesar ketujuh, dengan lebih dari 2.000 spesies yang terdeskripsi pada 100 genera, yang tersebar di seluruh dunia. Terdapat 105 spesies yang diketahui dari Eropa tengah, dan genera umum mencakup *[[Gnaphosa]]*, *[[Drassodes]]*, *[[Micaria]]*, *[[Cesonia]]*, *[[Zelotes]]*, beserta banyak lainnya. Mereka berkerabat dekat dengan Clubonidae. Saat ini, tidak ada satupun laba-laba tanah yang diketahui benar-benar berbisa untuk manusia.

## Genera

, World Spider Catalog telah menerima genera-genera berikut:

**[[Allomicythus]]* Ono, 2009 — Vietnam
**[[Allozelotes]]* Yin & Peng, 1998 — Tiongkok
**[[Almafuerte]]* Grismado & Carrión, 2017 — Bolivia, Argentina, Uruguay
**[[Amazoromus]]* Brescovit & Höfer, 1994 — Brazil
**[[Ammoxenus]]* Simon, 1893
**[[Amusia]]* Tullgren, 1910 — Afrika Selatan, Afrika Timur
**[[Anagraphis]]* Simon, 1893 — Afrika, Asia, Eropa
**[[Anagrina]]* Berland, 1920 — Niger
**[[Aneplasa]]* Tucker, 1923 — Afrika Selatan, Angola
**[[Anzacia]]* Dalmas, 1919 — Australia, Selandia Baru, Papua Nugini
**[[Aphantaulax]]* Simon, 1878 — Asia, Afrika, Australia, Perancis
**[[Apodrassodes]]* Vellard, 1924 — Amerika Selatan, Meksiko, India
**[[Apodrassus]]* Chamberlin, 1916 — Peru
**[[Aponetius]]* Kamura, 2020 —  Ryukyu Is.
**[[Apopyllus]]* Platnick & Shadab, 1984 — Amerika Selatan, Meksiko
**[[Arauchemus]]* Ott & Brescovit, 2012 — Brazil
**[[Asemesthes]]* Simon, 1887 — Afrika
**[[Asiabadus]]* Roewer, 1961 — Afghanistan
**[[Australoechemus]]* Schmidt & Piepho, 1994 — Cape Verde Is.
**[[Austrammo]]* Platnick, 2002
**[[Avstroneulanda]]* Zakharov & Ovtsharenko, 2022
**[[Barrowammo]]* Platnick, 2002
**[[Benoitodes]]* Platnick, 1993 — St. Helena
**[[Berinda]]* Roewer, 1928 — Greece, Turki, Siprus
**[[Berlandina]]* Dalmas, 1922 — Asia, Afrika, Eropa
**[[Cabanadrassus]]* Mello-Leitão, 1941 — Argentina
**[[Callilepis]]* Westring, 1874 — Asia, Amerika Utara, Eropa
**[[Callipelis]]* Zamani & Marusik, 2017 — Iran
**[[Camillina]]* Berland, 1919 — Asia, Amerika Tengah, Amerika Selatan, Afrika, Amerika Utara, Italia, Karibia
**[[Canariognapha]]* Wunderlich, 2011 — Canary Is.
**[[Ceryerda]]* Simon, 1909 — Australia
**[[Cesonia]]* Simon, 1893 — Greece, Turki, Amerika Utara, Amerika Tengah, Karibia
**[[Chatzakia]]* Lissner & Bosmans, 2016 — Spanyol
**[[Civizelotes]]* Senglet, 2012 — Asia, Maroko, Eropa
**[[Cladothela]]* Kishida, 1928 — Japan, Tiongkok, Korea
**[[Coillina]]* Yin & Peng, 1998 — Tiongkok
**[[Coreodrassus]]* Paik, 1984 — Asia
**[[Cryptodrassus]]* Miller, 1943 — Eropa, Asia
**[[Cryptoerithus]]* Rainbow, 1915 — Australia
**[[Cubanopyllus]]* Alayón & Platnick, 1993 — Kuba
**[[Diaphractus]]* Purcell, 1907 — Afrika Selatan, Namibia
**[[Drassodes]]* Westring, 1851 — Afrika, Amerika Selatan, Asia, Eropa, Amerika Utara
**[[Drassodex]]* Murphy, 2007 — Spanyol, Perancis, Switzerland
**[[Drassyllus]]* Chamberlin, 1922 — Amerika Utara, Asia, Eropa
**[[Echemella]]* Strand, 1906 — Kongo, Ethiopia
**[[Echemographis]]* Caporiacco, 1955 — Venezuela
**[[Echemoides]]* Mello-Leitão, 1938 — Amerika Selatan
**[[Echemus]]* Simon, 1878 — Sweden, Asia, Australia, Afrika, Brazil
**[[Eilica]]* Keyserling, 1891 — Australia, Amerika Selatan, Amerika Serikat, Amerika Tengah, Karibia, Afrika, India
**[[Encoptarthria]]* Main, 1954 — Australia
**[[Epicharitus]]* Rainbow, 1916 — Australia
**[[Fedotovia]]* Charitonov, 1946 — Mongolia, Iran, Afghanistan
**[[Gaviphosa]]* Sankaran, 2021 — India
**[[Gertschosa]]* Platnick & Shadab, 1981 — Amerika Utara, Panama, Jamaica
**[[Gnaphosa]]* Latreille, 1804 — Asia, Eropa, Afrika, Amerika Utara, Guatemala, Kuba
**[[Haplodrassus]]* Chamberlin, 1922 — Eropa, Asia, Amerika Utara, Afrika
**[[Herpyllus]]* Hentz, 1832 — Argentina, Amerika Utara, Asia
**[[Heser]]* Tuneva, 2004 — Asia, Spanyol, Afrika, Amerika Utara
**[[Hitobia]]* Kamura, 1992 — Asia
**[[Homoeothele]]* Simon, 1908 — Australia
**[[Hotwheels sisyphus|Hotwheels]]* Liu & Zhang, 2024 — Tiongkok
**[[Hongkongia]]* Song & Zhu, 1998 — Indonesia, Tiongkok, Hong Kong
**[[Hypodrassodes]]* Dalmas, 1919 — Selandia Baru, Australia
**[[Ibala]]* Fitzpatrick, 2009 — Afrika
**[[Intruda]]* Forster, 1979 — Australia, Selandia Baru
**[[Iranotricha]]* Zamani & Marusik, 2018 — Iran
**[[Kaitawa]]* Forster, 1979 — Selandia Baru
**[[Kikongo]]* Rodrigues & Rheims, 2020 — D.R. Kongo, Kenya
**[[Kishidaia]]* Yaginuma, 1960 — Asia, Italia
**[[Kituba (genus)|Kituba]]* Rodrigues & Rheims, 2020 — D.R. Kongo
**[[Ladissa]]* Simon, 1907 — Sierra Leone, India, Benin
**[[Laronius]]* Platnick & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 — Thailand, Indonesia
**[[Lasophorus]]* Chatzaki, 2018 — Greece
**[[Latica]]* da Silva, Guerrero, Bidegaray-Batista & Simó, 2020 — Uruguay, Argentina
**[[Latonigena]]* Simon, 1893 — Amerika Selatan
**[[Leptodrassex]]* Murphy, 2007 — Afrika, Eropa, Asia
**[[Leptodrassus]]* Simon, 1878 — Eropa, Asia, Afrika, Meksiko
**[[Leptopilos]]* Levy, 2009 — Greece, Asia, Libya
**[[Litopyllus]]* Chamberlin, 1922 — Amerika Serikat, Kuba, Meksiko
**[[Macarophaeus]]* Wunderlich, 2011 — Canary Is., Madeira
**[[Marinarozelotes]]* Ponomarev, 2020 — Asia, Eropa, Afrika, Amerika Utara, Amerika Selatan
**[[Marjanus]]* Chatzaki, 2018
**[[Matua]]* Forster, 1979 — Selandia Baru
**[[Megamyrmaekion]]* Reuss, 1834 — Afrika, Asia, Australia
**[[Micaria]]* Westring, 1851 — Asia, Amerika Utara, Afrika, Eropa, Australia
**[[Microdrassus]]* Dalmas, 1919 — Seychelles
**[[Microsa]]* Platnick & Shadab, 1977 — Kuba
**[[Micythus]]* Thorell, 1897 — Thailand, Myanmar, Indonesia
**[[Minosia]]* Dalmas, 1921 — Afrika, Asia, Eropa
**[[Minosiella]]* Dalmas, 1921 — Asia, Afrika
**[[Molycria]]* Simon, 1887 — Australia
**[[Montebello tenuis|Montebello]]* Hogg, 1914 — Australia
**[[Myandra]]* Simon, 1887 — Australia
**[[Nauhea tapa|Nauhea]]* Forster, 1979 — Selandia Baru
**[[Neodrassex]]* Ott, 2012 — Brazil, Argentina
**[[Nodocion]]* Chamberlin, 1922 — Amerika Utara, India
**[[Nomindra]]* Platnick & Baehr, 2006 — Australia
**[[Nomisia]]* Dalmas, 1921 — Asia, Afrika, Eropa
**[[Notiodrassus]]* Bryant, 1935 — Selandia Baru
**[[Odontodrassus]]* Jézéquel, 1965 — Afrika, Asia, Jamaica
**[[Orodrassus]]* Chamberlin, 1922 — Amerika Serikat, Canada
**[[Parabonna]]* Mello-Leitão, 1947 — Brazil
**[[Parasyrisca]]* Schenkel, 1963 — Eropa, Asia, Amerika Utara
**[[Phaeocedus]]* Simon, 1893 — Asia, Eropa
**[[Poecilochroa]]* Westring, 1874 — Asia, Afrika, Amerika Selatan, Eropa
**[[Pseudodrassus]]* Caporiacco, 1935 — Tiongkok, Libya, Turki
**[[Pterotricha]]* Kulczyński, 1903 — Afrika, Asia, Eropa
**[[PterotriTiongkok]]* Dalmas, 1921 — Algeria
**[[Rastellus]]* Platnick & Griffin, 1990
**[[Sanitubius]]* Kamura, 2001 — Tiongkok, Korea, Japan
**[[Scopoides]]* Platnick, 1989 — Amerika Utara, Asia
**[[Scotocesonia]]* Caporiacco, 1947 — Guyana
**[[Scotognapha]]* Dalmas, 1920 — Canary Islands
**[[Scotophaeus]]* Simon, 1893 — Eropa, Afrika, Asia, Amerika Selatan, Selandia Baru
**[[Sergiolus]]* Simon, 1892 — Amerika Utara, Karibia, Asia
**[[Sernokorba]]* Kamura, 1992 — Asia, Eropa
**[[Setaphis]]* Simon, 1893 — Spanyol, Afrika, Asia
**[[Shaitan elchini|Shaitan]]* Kovblyuk, Kastrygina & Marusik, 2013
**[[Shiragaia]]* Paik, 1992 — Korea
**[[Sidydrassus]]* Esyunin & Tuneva, 2002 — Asia
**[[Smionia]]* Dalmas, 1920 — Afrika Selatan
**[[Solitudes]]* Lin & Li, 2020 — Tiongkok
**[[Sosticus]]* Chamberlin, 1922 — Amerika Utara, Asia
**[[Symphanodes]]* Rainbow, 1916 — Australia
**[[Synaphosus]]* Platnick & Shadab, 1980 — Asia, Afrika, Amerika Utara, Greece
**[[Talanites]]* Simon, 1893 — Asia, Amerika Utara, Ukraine
**[[Talanitoides]]* Levy, 2009 — Israel
**[[Titus lugens|Titus]]* O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901 — Zimbabwe
**[[Trachyzelotes]]* Lohmander, 1944 — Eropa, Asia, Amerika Utara, Afrika, Amerika Selatan, Samoa
**[[Trephopoda]]* Tucker, 1923 — Afrika Selatan, Namibia
**[[Trichothyse]]* Tucker, 1923 — Afrika Selatan, Namibia
**[[Turkozelotes]]* Kovblyuk & Seyyar, 2009 — Greece, Asia
**[[Urozelotes]]* Mello-Leitão, 1938 — Zambia, Eropa, Asia
**[[Verita]]* Ramírez & Grismado, 2016 — Argentina
**[[Wesmaldra]]* Platnick & Baehr, 2006 — Australia
**[[Wydundra]]* Platnick & Baehr, 2006 — Australia, Malaysia
**[[Xerophaeus]]* Purcell, 1907 — Afrika, Yemen
**[[Xizangiana]]* Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 — Tiongkok
**[[Yoruba]]* Rodrigues & Rheims, 2020 — Nigeria, Ivory Coast
**[[Zagrotes]]* Zamani, Chatzaki, Esyunin & Marusik, 2021 — Iran
**[[Zelanda]]* Özdikmen, 2009 — Selandia Baru
**[[Zelominor]]* Snazell & Murphy, 1997 — Portugal, Spanyol, Algeria
**[[Zelotes]]* Gistel, 1848 — Asia, Amerika Utara, Eropa, Afrika, Amerika Selatan, Australia, Karibia
**[[Zelotibia]]* Russell-Smith & Murphy, 2005 — Afrika
**[[Zelowan]]* Murphy & Russell-Smith, 2010 — Kongo, Burundi, Namibia
**[[Zimiromus]]* Banks, 1914 — Amerika Tengah, Amerika Selatan, Karibia, Meksiko

## Referensi