Harold Bloom

**Harold Bloom** () adalah seorang kritikus sastra Amerika dan Profesor Sterling ilmu Humaniora di Universitas Yale. Pada tahun 2017, Bloom dianggap sebagai "kritikus sastra paling terkenal di dunia berbahasa Inggris." Setelah penerbitan buku pertamanya pada tahun 1959, Bloom menulis lebih dari 50 buku, termasuk lebih dari 40 buku kritik sastra, beberapa buku yang membahas agama, dan sebuah novel. Sepanjang hidupnya, ia mengedit ratusan antologi mengenai berbagai tokoh sastra dan filsafat untuk perusahaan penerbitan Chelsea House. Buku-buku Bloom telah diterjemahkan ke dalam lebih dari 40 bahasa. Bloom terpilih menjadi anggota American Philosophical Society pada tahun 1995.

Bloom adalah pendukung kanon Barat tradisional pada saat fakultas sastra berfokus pada apa yang dia cemooh sebagai "mazhab kebencian" (multikulturalis, feminis, Marxis, dan lain-lain). Ia adalah lulusan Universitas Yale, Universitas Cambridge, dan Universitas Cornell.

## Buku

* *Shelley's Mythmaking.* New Haven: Yale University Press, 1959.
* *The Visionary Company: A Reading of English Romantic Poetry.* Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1961. Revised and enlarged edn. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1971.
* *Blake's Apocalypse: A Study in Poetic Argument.* Anchor Books: New York: Doubleday and Co., 1963.
* *The Literary Criticism of John Ruskin.*; edited with introduction. New York: DoubleDay, 1965.
* *Walter Pater: Marius the Epicurean*; edition with introduction. New York: New American Library, 1970.
* *Romanticism and Consciousness: Essays in Criticism.*; edited with introduction. New York: Norton, 1970.
* *Yeats.* New York: Oxford University Press, 1970. 
* *The Ringers in the Tower: Studies in Romantic Tradition.* Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971.
* *[[The Anxiety of Influence|The Anxiety of Influence: A Theory of Poetry]]*. New York: Oxford University Press, 1973; 2nd edn, 1997. 
* *The Selected Writings of Walter Pater*; edition with introduction and notes. New York: New American Library, 1974.
* *A Map of Misreading.* New York: Oxford University Press, 1975.
* *Kabbalah and Criticism.* New York : Seabury Press, 1975. 
* *Poetry and Repression: Revisionism from Blake to Stevens.* New Haven: Yale University Press, 1976.
* *Figures of Capable Imagination.* New York: Seabury Press, 1976.
* *Wallace Stevens: The Poems of our Climate.* Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1977.
* *Deconstruction and Criticism.* New York: Seabury Press, 1980.
* *[[The Flight to Lucifer|The Flight to Lucifer: A Gnostic Fantasy]].* New York: Vintage Books, 1980. 
* *Agon: Towards a Theory of Revisionism.* New York : Oxford University Press, 1982.
* *The Breaking of the Vessels.* Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982.
* *The Poetics of Influence: New and Selected Criticism.* New Haven: Henry R. Schwab, 1988.
* *Ruin the Sacred Truths: Poetry and Belief from the Bible to the Present.* Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1989.
* *The Book of J: Translated from the Hebrew by David Rosenberg; Interpreted by Harold Bloom.* New York: Grove Press, 1990 
* *The Gospel of Thomas: The Hidden Sayings of Jesus*; translation with introduction, critical edition of the Coptic text and notes by Marvin Meyer, with an interpretation by Harold Bloom. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1992.
* *[[The American Religion: The Emergence of the Post-Christian Nation]]*; Touchstone Books;  (1992; August 1993)
* *[[The Western Canon (book)|The Western Canon: The Books and School of the Ages]]*. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1994.
* *Omens of Millennium: The Gnosis of Angels, Dreams, and Resurrection.* New York: Riverhead Books, 1996.
* *[[Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human]].* New York: 1998. 
* *How to Read and Why.* New York: 2000. 
* *Stories and Poems for Extremely Intelligent Children of All Ages.* New York: 2001.
* *El futur de la imaginació (The Future of the Imagination).* Barcelona: Anagrama / Empúries, 2002. 
* *.* New York: 2003. 
* *Hamlet: Poem Unlimited*. New York: 2003.
* *The Best Poems of the English Language: From Chaucer Through Frost.* New York: 2004. 
* *Where Shall Wisdom Be Found?* New York: 2004. 
* *[[Jesus and Yahweh: The Names Divine]]*. 2005. 
* *American Religious Poems: An Anthology By Harold Bloom*. 2006. 
* *Fallen Angels*, illustrated by Mark Podwal. Yale University Press, 2007. 
* *Till I End My Song: A Gathering of Last Poems* Harper, 2010. 
* *[[The Anatomy of Influence: Literature as a Way of Life]]*. Yale University Press, 2011. 
* *The Shadow of a Great Rock: A Literary Appreciation of The King James Bible*. Yale University Press, 2011. 
* *The Daemon Knows: Literary Greatness and the American Sublime*. Spiegel & Grau, 2015. 
* *Falstaff: Give Me Life*. Scribner, 2017. 
* *Cleopatra: I Am Fire and Air*. Scribner, 2017. 
* *Lear: The Great Image of Authority*. Scribner, 2018. 
* *Iago: The Strategies of Evil*. Scribner, 2018. 
* *Macbeth: A Dagger of the Mind*. Scribner, 2019. 
* *Possessed by Memory: The Inward Light of Criticism*. Knopf, 2019. 
* *Take Arms Against a Sea of Troubles: The Power of the Reader’s Mind Over a Universe of Death*. Yale, 2020. 
* *The Bright Book of Life: Novels to Read and Re-read*. Knopf, 2020. 

### Artikel

* "On Extended Wings" ; Wallace Stevens' Longer Poems. By Helen Hennessy Vendler, (Review), *[[The New York Times]]*, October 5, 1969.
* "Poets' meeting in the heyday of their youth; A Single Summer With Lord Byron", *The New York Times*, February 15, 1970.
* "An angel's spirit in a decaying (and active) body" , *The New York Times*, November 22, 1970.
* "The Use of Poetry" , *The New York Times*, November 12, 1975.
* "Northrop Frye exalting the designs of romance; The Secular Scripture" , *The New York Times*, April 18, 1976.
* "On Solitude in America" , *The New York Times*, August 4, 1977.
* "The Critic/Poet" , *The New York Times*, February 5, 1978.
* "A Fusion of Traditions: The Collected Works of Isaac Rosenberg" , *The New York Times*, July 22, 1979.
* "Straight Forth Out of Self", *The New York Times*, June 22, 1980.
* "The Heavy Burden of the Past; Poets", *The New York Times*, January 4, 1981.
* "The Pictures of the Poet; The Painting and Drawings of William Blake, by Martin Butlin. Vol. I, Text. Vol. II, Plates" (review), *The New York Times*, January 3, 1982.
* "A Novelist's Bible; The Story of the Stories, The Chosen People and Its God. By Dan Jacobson" (review), *The New York Times*, October 17, 1982.
* "Isaac Bashevis Singer's Jeremiad; The Penitent, By Isaac Bashevis Singer" (review), *The New York Times*, September 25, 1983.
* "Domestic Derangements; A Late Divorce, By A. B. Yehoshua Translated by Hillel Halkin" (review), *The New York Times*, February 19, 1984.
* "War Within the Walls; In the Freud Archives, By Janet Malcolm" (review), *The New York Times*, May 27, 1984.
* "His Long Ordeal by Laughter; Zuckerman Bound, A Trilogy and Epilogue. By Philip Roth" (review), *The New York Times*, May 19, 1985.
* "A Comedy of Worldly Salvation; The Good Apprentice, By Iris Murdoch" (review), *The New York Times*, January 12, 1986.
* "Freud, the Greatest Modern Writer" (review), *The New York Times*, March 23, 1986.
* "Passionate Beholder of America in Trouble; Look Homeward, A Life of Thomas Wolfe. By David Herbert Donald" (review), *The New York Times*, February 8, 1987.
* "The Book of the Father; The Messiah of Stockholm, By Cynthia Ozick" (review), *The New York Times*, March 22, 1987.
* "Still Haunted by Covenant"  (review), *The New York Times*, January 31, 1988.
* "New Heyday of Gnostic Heresies" , *The New York Times*, April 26, 1992.
* "A Jew Among the Cossacks; The first English translation of Isaac Babel's journal about his service with the Russian cavalry. 1920 Diary, By Isaac Babel" (review), *The New York Times*, June 4, 1995.
* "Kaddish; By Leon Wieseltier" (review), *The New York Times*, October 4, 1998.
* "View; On First Looking into Gates's Crichton", *The New York Times*, June 4, 2000.
* "What Ho, Malvolio! '; The election, as Shakespeare might have seen it", *The New York Times*, December 6, 2000.
* "Macbush" (play), *Vanity Fair*, April 2004.
* "The Lost Jewish Culture" , *[[The New York Review of Books]]* 54/11 (June 28, 2007) : 44–47 [reviews *The Dreams of the Poem: Hebrew Poetry from Muslim and Christian Spain, 950–1492*, translated, edited, and with an introduction by Peter Cole
* "The Glories of Yiddish"  *[[The New York Review of Books]]* 55/17 (November 6, 2008) [reviews *History of the Yiddish Language*, by Max Weinreich, edited by Paul Glasser, translated from the Yiddish by Shlomo Noble with the assistance of Joshua A. Fishman]
* "Yahweh Meets R. Crumb ", *[[The New York Review of Books]]*, 56/19 (December 3, 2009) [reviews *The Book of Genesis*, illustrated by R. Crumb]
* "Will This Election Be the Mormon Breakthrough?" , *The New York Times*, November 12, 2011.
* "Richard III: Victim or Monster? Asks Harold Bloom" , *[[Newsweek]]*, February 11, 2013.
* Introduction to ''The Invention of Influence'' by Peter Cole , *The Tablet*, January 21, 2014.

## Referensi

## Bacaan lanjutan

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*  His famous criticism of the Harry Potter series.
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* Burrow, Colin, "The Magic Bloomschtick" (review of Harold Bloom, *The American Canon: Literary Genius from Emerson to Pynchon*, edited by David Mikics, Library of America, October 2019, 426 pp., ), *[[London Review of Books]]*, vol. 41, no. 22 (21 November 2019), pp.&nbsp;21–25. "Harold Bloom will be remembered as a great provoker – of thought, of laughter, and of resistance. He didn't permanently reconfigure the literary landscape, but the idiosyncratic path he tracked across it is one few could follow." (Final two sentences of Burrow's review, p.&nbsp;25.)  
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## Pranala luar

*  at Yale University
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* Harold Bloom  at Stanford Presidential Lectures
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