Gérard de Nerval

**Gérard de Nerval** (; 22 Mei 1808 – 26 Januari 1855) adalah nama pena dari penulis, penyair, dan penerjemah Prancis **Gérard Labrunie**, seorang tokoh utama Romantisisme, yang terkenal karena novel dan puisinya, terutama koleksi *[[Les Filles du feu]]* (*The Daughters of Fire*), termasuk novella *[[Sylvie (novel)|Sylvie]]* dan puisi "El Desdichado". Melalui terjemahannya, Nerval memainkan peran utama dalam memperkenalkan pembaca Prancis pada karya-karya penulis romantis Jerman, termasuk Klopstock, Schiller, Bürger dan Goethe. Karyanya kemudian menggabungkan puisi dan jurnalisme dalam konteks fiksi dan memengaruhi  Marcel Proust. Novella terakhirnya, **, memengaruhi André Breton dan Surealisme.

Gérard Labrunie lahir di Paris pada 22 Mei 1808. Ibundanya, Marie Marguerite Antoinette Laurent, adalah putri seorang penjual pakaian, dan ayahandanya, Étienne Labrunie, adalah seorang dokter muda yang dengan sukarela bekerja sebagai petugas medis militer di bawah Napoleon.

## Catatan

## Referensi

## Daftar pustaka

### Karya dalam bahasa Prancis
* *Œuvres complètes.* 3 vols. Eds. Jean Guillaume & Claude Pichois. Paris: La Pléiade-Gallimard, 1984. Print.
* *Les filles du feu/Les Chimères.* Ed. Bertrand Marchal. Paris: Folio-Gallimard, 2005. Print. 
* *Aurélia – La Pandora – Les Nuits d'Octobre – Promenades et souvenirs.* Ed. Jean-Nicolas Illouz. Paris: Folio-Gallimard, 2005. Print. 

### Karya dalam bahasa Inggris
* *Aurélia & Other Writings.* Trans. Geoffrey Wagner, Robert Duncan, Marc Lowenthal. New York: Exact Change, 2004. 
* *Journey to the Orient.* Trans. Conrad Elphinstone. New York: Antipodes Press, 2012. 
* *Selected Writings.* Trans. Richard Sieburth. New York: Penguin, 1999. Print. 

### Biografi
* *Album Nerval*. Eds. Éric Buffetaud and Claude Pichois. Paris: La Pléiade-Gallimard, 1993. .
* Cogez, Gérard. *Gérard de Nerval.* Paris : Folio-Gallimard, 2010. Print. 
* Gautier, Théophile. *Histoire du romantisme/Quarante portraits romantiques.* Ed. Adrien Goetz. Paris: Folio-Gallimard, 2011. Print. 
* Gautier, Théophile. (1900). "Gérard de Nerval." In: *The Complete Works of Théophile Gautier,* Vol. VIII. London: The Athenæum Press, pp.&nbsp;96–116.
* Jones, Robert Emmet (1974). *Gerard de Nerval.* New York: Twayne Publishers.
* , *Nerval*, Paris, Julliard, 1986, coll. *Les Vivants* 
* Sowerby, Benn. *The disinherited; the life of Gérard de Nerval, 1808–1855.* New York: New York University Press, 1974. Print.

### Kritik (buku)
* Ahearn, Edward J. "Visionary Insanity: Nerval's *Aurélia.*" *Visionary Fictions: Apocalyptic Writing from Blake to the Modern Age.* New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996. Print.
* Jeanneret, Michel. *La lettre perdue: Ecriture et folie dans l'œuvre de Nerval.* Paris: Flammarion, 1978. Print.
* Gordon, Rae Beth (2014). "The Enchanted Hand: Schlegel's Arabesque in Nerval." In: *Ornament, Fantasy, and Desire in Nineteenth-Century French Literature*. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
* Jung, Carl Gustav (1945/2015). *On Psychological and Visionary Art: Notes from C. G. Jung's Lecture on Gérard de Nerval's "Aurélia"*. Ed. Craig E Stephenson, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
* Rhodes, Solomon A. (1951). *Gérard de Nerval, 1808–1855: Poet, Traveler, Dreamer.* New York: Philosophical Library.
* Symons, Arthur (1919). "Gérard de Nerval." In: *The Symbolist Movement in Literature.* New York: E.P. Dutton & Company, pp.&nbsp;69–95.
* Lang, Andrew (1892). "Gérard de Nerval." In: *Letters on Literature.* London and New York: Longmans, Green & Co., pp.&nbsp;147–156.

### Kritik (artikel koran)
* Blackman, Maurice (1986–87). "Byron and the First Poem of Gérard de Nerval," *Nineteenth-Century French Studies,* Vol. XV, No. 1/2, pp.&nbsp;94–107.
* Bray, Patrick M. (2006). "Lost in the Fold: Space and Subjectivity in Gérard de Nerval's 'Généalogie' and Sylvie," *French Forum,* Vol. XXXI, No. 2, pp.&nbsp;35–51.
* Carroll, Robert C. (1976). "Illusion and Identity: Gérard de Nerval and Rétif's 'Sara'," *Studies in Romanticism,* Vol. XV, No. 1, pp.&nbsp;59–80.
* Carroll, Robert C. (1976). "Gérard de Nerval: Prodigal Son of History," *Nineteenth-Century French Studies,* Vol. IV, No. 3, pp.&nbsp;263–273.
* DuBruck, Alfred (1974–1975). "Nerval and Dumas in Germany," *Nineteenth-Century French Studies,* Vol. III, No. 1/2, pp.&nbsp;58–64.
* Duckworth, Colin (1965). "Eugène Scribe and Gérard de Nerval 'Celui Qui Tient la Corde Nous Étrangle'," *The Modern Language Review,* Vol. LX, No. 1, pp.&nbsp;32–40.
* Knapp, Bettina L. (1974–75). "Gérard de Nerval's 'Isis' and the Cult of the Madonna," *Nineteenth-Century French Studies,* Vol. III, No. 1/2, pp.&nbsp;65–79.
* Knapp, Bettina L. (1976). "Gérard de Nerval: The Queen of Sheba and the Occult," *Nineteenth-Century French Studies,* Vol. IV, No. 3, pp.&nbsp;244–257.
* Lang, Andrew (1873). "Gérard de Nerval, 1810–1855,"  *Fraser's Magazine,* Vol. VII, pp.&nbsp;559–566.
* Mauris, Maurice (1880). "Gérard de Nerval." In: *French Men of Letters.* New York: D. Appleton and Company, pp.&nbsp;129–150.
* Moon, H. Kay (1965). "Gerard de Nerval: A Reappraisal," *Brigham Young University Studies,* Vol. VII, No. 1, pp.&nbsp;40–52.
* Rhodes, Solomon A. (1938). "Poetical Affiliations of Gerard de Nerval," *PMLA,* Vol. LIII, No. 4, pp.&nbsp;1157–1171.
* Rhodes, Solomon A. (1949). "The Friendship between Gérard de Nerval and Heinrich Heine," *The French Review,* Vol. XXIII, No. 1, pp.&nbsp;18–27.
* Rinsler, Norma (1963). "Gérard de Nerval, Fire and Ice," *The Modern Language Review,* Vol. LVIII, No. 4, pp.&nbsp;495–499.
* Rinsler, Norma (1963). "Gérard de Nerval's Celestial City and the Chain of Souls," *Studies in Romanticism,* Vol. II, No. 2, pp.&nbsp;87–106.
* Smith, Garnet (1889). "Gérard de Nerval," *The Gentleman's Magazine*, Vol. CCLXVI, pp.&nbsp;285–296.
* Warren, Rosanna (1983). "The 'Last Madness' of Gérard de Nerval," *The Georgia Review,* Vol. XXXVII, No. 1, pp.&nbsp;131–138.

## Pranala luar
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* Hieronymo's Mad Againe: On Translating Nerval  essay by Richard Sieburth, an English translator of Nerval