Palang Merah Amerika Serikat

**Palang Merah Amerika Serikat** () juga dikenal sebagai **Palang Merah Nasional Amerika Serikat** () adalah sebuah organisasi kemanusiaan nirlaba yang menyediakan bantuan darurat, pemulihan bencana, dan pendidikan pencegahan bencana di Amerika Serikat. Didirikan oleh Clara Barton pada tahun 1881 setelah pertama kali mengetahui tentang Palang Merah, yang didirikan pada tahun 1863 di Jenewa. Setelah Organisasi tersebut dirancang sebagai afiliasi AS dari Federasi Internasional Perhimpunan Palang Merah dan Bulan Sabit Merah dan gerakan Amerika Serikat pada Gerakan Internasional Palang Merah dan Bulan Sabit Merah.

Organisasi tersebut memberikan program pelayanan dan pengembangan. Termasuk pada saat kejadian tenggelamnya RMS Titanic pada tahun 1912, Perang dunia I, pandemi flu spanyol tahun 1918, Perang dunia II, Badai Katrina, dan kebakaran hutan maui tahun 2023

## Sejarah dan Organisasi
**Penemu**

Clara Barton mendirikan Palang Merah Amerika di Dansville, New York, pada tanggal 21 Mei 1881, dan juga merupakan presiden pertama organisasi tersebut. Ia menyelenggarakan pertemuan pada tanggal 12 Mei tahun itu di rumah Senator Omar D. Conger (R, MI). Lima belas orang hadir dalam pertemuan tersebut, Conger dan Perwakilan William Lawrence (R, OH) (yang menjadi wakil presiden pertama) untuk membahas awal mula Palang Merah Amerika. Cabang lokal pertama didirikan pada tahun 1881 di Gereja Lutheran Injili Inggris di Dansville.Jane Delano (1862–1919) mendirikan Layanan Keperawatan Palang Merah Amerika pada tanggal 20 Januari 1910.

## Referensi

## Bacaan tambahan
* Bane, Suda Lorena, and Ralph Haswell Lutz, eds. *Organization of American Relief in Europe, 1918–1919* (Stanford University Press, 1943). 
* Davison, Henry P. *The American Red Cross in the Great War* (The Macmillan Company, 1919).
* Dulles, Foster Rhea. *The American Red Cross: A History.* (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1950).
* Egan, Timothy B. and Thanousone Pravongviengkham.  "American Red Cross: A History and Analysis" (Defense Technical Information Center, 2016) online
* Fike, Claude E. "The Influence of the Creel Committee and the American Red Cross on Russian-American Relations, 1917-1919." *Journal of Modern History* 31#2 (1959): 93-109. online.
* Irwin, Julia. *Making the World Safe: The American Red Cross and a Nation's Humanitarian Awakening.* New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
* Irwin, Julia. "The American Red Cross in Great War-Era Europe, 1914–1922." *The Tocqueville Review* 38.2 (2017): 117–131.
* Irwin, Julia F. “Teaching ‘Americanism with a World Perspective’: The Junior Red Cross in the U.S. Schools from 1917 to the 1920s.” *History of Education Quarterly;; 53#3 (2013), pp. 255–279. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/42704875 online]
* Irwin, Julia F. “Nation Building and Rebuilding: The American Red Cross in Italy during the Great War.” *Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era* 8#3 2009, pp.&nbsp;407–439 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/40542839 online]
* Jones, Marian Moser. *The American Red Cross From Clara Barton to the New Deal.* (Johns Hopkins University Press; 2013).
* Jones, Marian Moser. “The American Red Cross and Local Response to the 1918 Influenza Pandemic: A Four-City Case Study.” *Public Health Reports* vol. 125, 2010, pp.&nbsp;92–104. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/41435303 online]
* Kind-Kovács, Friederike. "The Great War, the child’s body and the American Red Cross." *European Review of History: Revue européenne d'histoire* 23.1-2 (2016): 33–62, child-relief activities in Hungary 1919. https://doi.org/10.1080/13507486.2015.1121971
* Rodogno, Davide. “The American Red Cross and the International Committee of the Red Cross: Humanitarian Politics and Policies in Asia Minor and Greece (1922–1923).” *First World War Studies* 5#1 (2014): 83–99
* Rozario, Kevin. “'Delicious horrors': Mass culture, the Red Cross, and the appeal of modern american humanitarianism." *American Quarterly* (2003) 55#3.  417–455. [https://muse.jhu.edu/article/46647 online]
* Schmidt, Cheryl K. "In Our Community: American Red Cross Nursing: Essential to Disaster Relief." *American Journal of Nursing* 104#8 (2004): 35–38. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/29746095 online].
* Whelden, Lynne Merritt. *How to Play During a War: A Free Spirit's Life in Letters* (Canton, PA: Lynne Whelden Productions; 2007).

== Pranala luar ==

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* [https://photos.irp.us/Public-Safety/Red-Cross/Atlanta American Red Cross Disaster Relief Photos]
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* [http://www.nps.gov/history/NR/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/27barton/27barton.htm *Clara Barton's House: Home of the American Red Cross,'' a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan]
* American Red Cross Motor Service uniform, the 1940s, in the Staten Island Historical Society Online Collections Database
* American Red Cross Nurse's Aide uniform, the 1940s, in the Staten Island Historical Society Online Collections Database
* Red Cross posters from World War I from the Elisabeth Ball Collection
* Records of the American National Red Cross, 1881–2008 at the National Archives and Records Administration
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