J. G. Ballard

**James Graham Ballard** () adalah seorang novelis dan penulis cerita pendek asal Inggris yang terkenal dengan karya fiksi provokatif yang mengeksplorasi hubungan antara psikologi manusia, teknologi, seks, dan media massa. Dia mengusung genre fiksi ilmiah, New Wave, dan fiksi apokaliptik seperti pada novel *[[The Drowned World]]* (1962), tetapi kemudian menimbulkan kontroversi lewat karya-karyanya pada koleksi cerita pendek eksperimental *[[The Atrocity Exhibition]]* (1970), salah satunya pada cerita *Why I Want to Fuck Ronald Reagan*, dan *[[Crash (novel Ballard)|Crash]]* (1973), berkisah tentang sekelompok pemberontak yang mengalami fetish terhadap mobil.

Pada tahun 1984, Ballard memenangkan pengakuan yang lebih luas untuk novel *[[Empire of the Sun]]*, sebuah kisah semi-autobiografi tentang pengalaman seorang anak laki-laki Inggris di Shanghai selama Pendudukan Jepang; ceritanya diadaptasi menjadi film yang disutradarai oleh Steven Spielberg. Perjalanan penulis dari masa muda hingga paruh baya akan dicatat, dengan infleksi fiksi, di *[[The Kindness of Women]]* (1991) dan dalam autobiografi langsung di *[[Miracles of Life]]* (2008). Beberapa karya awalnya telah diadaptasi menjadi film, termasuk adaptasi kontroversial David Cronenberg tahun 1996 berjudul *[[Crash (film 1996)|Crash]]* dan adaptasi Ben Wheatley di film tahun 2015 berdasarkan novel *[[High-Rise (novel)|High-Rise]]*.

## Referensi

## Daftar pustaka

* Ballard, J.G. (1984). *Empire of the Sun*. .
* Ballard, J.G. (1991). *The Kindness of Women*. .
* Ballard, J.G. (1993). *The Atrocity Exhibition* (expanded and annotated edition). .
* Ballard, J.G. (2006). "Look back at Empire". *The Guardian*, 4 March 2006.
* Baxter, J. (2001). "J.G. Ballard". *The Literary Encyclopedia*. Retrieved 11 March 2006.
* Baxter, J. (ed.) (2008). *J.G. Ballard*, London: Continuum. 
* Baxter, John (2011). *The Inner Man: The Life of J. G. Ballard.* London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 
* Brigg, Peter (1985). *J.G. Ballard*. Rpt. Borgo Press/Wildside Press. 
* Collins English Dictionary. . Quoted in Ballardian: The World of JG Ballard. Retrieved 11 March 2006.
* Cowley, J. (2001). "The Ballard of Shanghai jail". Review of *The Complete Stories* by J.G. Ballard. *The Observer*, 4 November 2001. Retrieved 11 March 2006.
* Delville, Michel. *J.G. Ballard*. Plymouth: Northcote House, 1998.
* Gasiorek, A. (2005). *J. G. Ballard*. Manchester University Press. 
* Hall, C. "Extreme Metaphor: A Crash Course in the Fiction of JG Ballard". Retrieved 11 March 2006.
* Livingstone, D.B. (1996?). "Prophet with Honour". Retrieved 12 March 2006.
* Luckhurst, R. (1998). *The Angle Between Two Walls: The Fiction of J. G. Ballard*. Liverpool University Press. 
* McGrath, R.  JG Ballard Book Collection. Retrieved 11 March 2006.
* McGrath, Rick (ed.). *The JG Ballard Book*. The Terminal Press. 2013. 
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* Oramus, Dominika. *Grave New World*. Warsaw: University of Warsaw, 2007.
* Pringle, David, *Earth is the Alien Planet: J.G. Ballard's Four-Dimensional Nightmare*, San Bernardino, CA: The Borgo Press, 1979.
* Pringle, David (ed.) and Ballard, J.G. (1982). "From Shanghai to Shepperton". *Re/Search* **8/9**: J.G. Ballard: 112–124. .
* Rossi, Umberto (2009). "A Little Something about Dead Astronauts", *Science-Fiction Studies*, No. 107, 36:1 (March), 101–120.
* Stephenson, Gregory, *Out of the Night and into the Dream: A Thematic Study of the Fiction of J.G. Ballard*, New York: Greenwood Press, 1991.
* McGrath, Rick (ed.). *Deep Ends: The JG Ballard Anthology 2014*. The Terminal Press. 2014. 
* V. Vale (ed.) (2005). "J.G. Ballard: Conversations" (excerpts). RE/Search Publications. 
* V. Vale (ed.) and Ryan, Mike (ed). (2005). "J.G. Ballard: Quotes" (excerpts). RE/Search Publications. 

* McGrath, Rick (ed.). *Deep Ends: The JG Ballard Anthology 2015*. The Terminal Press. 2015. 
* McGrath, Rick (ed.). *Deep Ends: The JG Ballard Anthology 2016*. The Terminal Press. 2016. 
* McGrath, Rick (ed.). *Deep Ends: A Ballardian Anthology 2018*. The Terminal Press. 2018. 
* McGrath, Rick (ed.). *Deep Ends: A Ballardian Anthology 2019*. The Terminal Press. 2019. 
* McGrath, Rick (ed.). *Deep Ends: A Ballardian Anthology 2020*. The Terminal Press. 2020. 

## Pranala luar

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* J. G. Ballard's online fiction at Free Speculative Fiction Online
* Ballardian (Simon Sellars)
* J.G. Ballard Literary Archive & Bibliographies (Rick McGrath)
* 2008 profile of J. G. Ballard  by Theodore Dalrymple in *[[City Journal (New York)|City Journal]]* magazine
* J. G. Ballard Literary Estate
* ''J G Ballard'' at the British Library
*J G Ballard   archives and manuscripts catalogue at the British Library

**artikel, ulasan dan esai**
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* ''Landscapes From a Dream'' , J G Ballard and modern art
* The Marriage of Reason and Nightmare, ''City Journal,'' Winter 2008 
* ''Miracles of Life'' reviewed by Karl Miller in the Times Literary Supplement, 12 March 2008
* J.G. Ballard: The Glow of the Prophet Diane Johnson article on Ballard from *[[The New York Review of Books]]*
* Reviews of Ballard's work and John Foyster's criticism of Ballard's work featured in Edition 46 of Science Fiction magazine edited by Van Ikin.
* A review of Ballard's *Running Wild* J. G. Ballard's Running Wild – The Literary Life 

**sumber lain**
* J. G. Ballard and his family on the list of the internment camp at Japan Center for Asian Historical Records
* J.G. Ballard and Scottish artist Sir Eduardo Paolozzi

**obituari dan kenangan**
* Obituary in the *Times* Online
* Obituary by John Clute in *[[The Independent]]*
* Obituary in the *[[Los Angeles Times]]*
* Quotes from other writers on BBC News
* More writers' reactions in *[[The Guardian]]*
* A short appreciation in *[[The New Yorker]]*
* Tribute by V. Vale from RE/Search
* Letter From London: The J.G. Ballard Memorial 
* *Self on Ballard* by Will Self on BBC Radio 4, 26 September 2009 (Transcript and Postscript) at The Terminal Collection by Rick McGrath