Film B

**Film B** adalah jenis film komersial murahan yang dibuat dengan buruk. Awalnya, selama Zaman Keemasan Hollywood, istilah ini secara khusus merujuk pada film yang dimaksudkan untuk ditayangkan sebagai bagian kedua yang kurang dikenal dari film fitur ganda, agak mirip dengan sisi-B dalam musik rekaman. Namun, produksi film seperti itu sebagai "fitur kedua" di Amerika Serikat sebagian besar menurun pada akhir tahun 1950-an. Pergeseran ini disebabkan oleh munculnya televisi komersial, yang mendorong departemen produksi film studio film B untuk beralih ke divisi produksi film televisi. Divisi-divisi ini terus membuat konten yang mirip dengan film B, meskipun dalam bentuk film dan serial beranggaran rendah.

Saat ini, istilah "film B" digunakan dalam arti yang lebih luas. Dalam penggunaan pasca-Zaman Keemasan, film B dapat mencakup spektrum film yang luas, mulai dari film eksploitasi sensasional hingga produksi *arthouse* independen.

Dalam kedua penggunaan tersebut, sebagian besar film B mewakili genre tertentu: film Barat adalah pokok film B Zaman Keemasan, sementara film fiksi ilmiah dan horor beranggaran rendah menjadi lebih populer pada tahun 1950-an. Film-film B awal sering kali menjadi bagian dari serial di mana sang bintang berulang kali memerankan karakter yang sama. Hampir selalu lebih pendek daripada film-film unggulan, banyak yang durasinya 70 menit atau kurang. Istilah tersebut menyiratkan persepsi umum bahwa film-film B lebih rendah kualitasnya daripada film-film utama yang beranggaran lebih besar; film-film B individual sering kali diabaikan oleh para kritikus.

Film-film B akhir-akhir ini terkadang masih menginspirasi banyak sekuel, tetapi serial kurang umum. Seiring dengan meningkatnya durasi tayang rata-rata film-film papan atas, demikian pula dengan film-film B. Dalam penggunaannya saat ini, istilah tersebut memiliki konotasi yang agak kontradiktif: istilah tersebut dapat menandakan pendapat bahwa film tertentu adalah (a) "film bergenre" dengan ambisi artistik yang minimal atau (b) film yang hidup dan energik yang tidak terkekang oleh batasan-batasan yang dikenakan pada proyek-proyek yang lebih mahal dan tidak terbebani oleh konvensi film independen yang dianggap serius. Istilah tersebut sekarang juga digunakan secara longgar untuk merujuk pada beberapa film arus utama beranggaran lebih tinggi dengan konten bergaya eksploitasi, biasanya dalam genre-genre yang secara tradisional dikaitkan dengan film B.

Sejak awal hingga saat ini, film B telah memberikan kesempatan bagi mereka yang baru menekuni profesi ini dan mereka yang kariernya sedang menurun. Pembuat film terkenal seperti Anthony Mann dan Jonathan Demme mempelajari keahlian mereka di film B. Di film-film tersebut, aktor seperti John Wayne dan Jack Nicholson pertama kali dikenal, dan mereka telah menyediakan pekerjaan bagi mantan aktor dan aktris film A, seperti Vincent Price dan Karen Black. Beberapa aktor dan aktris, seperti Bela Lugosi, Eddie Constantine, Bruce Campbell, dan Pam Grier, bekerja di film B selama sebagian besar karier mereka. Istilah "aktor dan aktris B" terkadang digunakan untuk merujuk kepada para pemain yang bekerja terutama atau secara eksklusif di film B.

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## Pranala luar

* The Biology of B-Movie Monsters analisis oleh Michael C. LaBarbera, University of Chicago
* Dwight Cleveland collection of posters, Margaret Herrick Library, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences

### Aneka ragam

* Paste Magazine's 100 Best "B Movies" of All Time