Hubungan Amerika Serikat dengan Jepang

**Hubungan Amerika Serikat dengan Jepang** () merujuk kepada hubungan internasional antara Jepang dan Amerika Serikat. Hubungan dimulai pada akhir abad ke-18 dan awal abad ke-19, dengan misi diplomatik tetapi dibekingi pasukan dari kapten-kapten kapal AS James Glynn dan Matthew C. Perry untuk keshogunan Tokugawa.

Sejak awal tahun 1879 hingga sekitar empat dekade pertama tahun 1990an, negarawan Jepang berpengaruh seperti Pangeran Iesato Tokugawa (1863–1940) dan Baron Eiichi Shibusawa (1840–1931) memimpin gerakan domestik jepang dan gerakan internasional mengadvokasi niat baik dan saling menghormati dengan Amerika Serikat.
Persahabatan mereka dengan AS termasuk bersekutu dengan tujuh presiden AS – Grant, Theodore Roosevelt, Taft, Wilson, Harding, Hoover, dan Franklin D. Roosevelt. Hanya setelah berlalunya generasi diplomat dan kemanusiaan yang sudah lebih usang, bersama dengan bukti bahwa banyak orang amerika percaya bahwa semua orang Asia harus sama dengan penandatanganan Undang-Undang Imigrasi tahun 1924 oleh Presiden Calvin Coolidge bahwa militeris Jepang dapat menguasai dan menekan Jepang untuk bergabung dengan Blok Poros dalam Perang Dunia II.

Mulai tahun 1931, ketegangan meningkat.
Tindakan Jepang terhadap Tiongkok pada tahun 1931 dan terutama setelah tahun 1937 selama Perang Tiongkok-Jepang Kedua menyebabkan Amerika Serikat memotong minyak dan baja yang dibutuhkan Jepang untuk penaklukan militer mereka. Jepang membalas dengan serangan terhadap Sekutu, termasuk serangan mendadak ke Pearl Harbor pada 7 Desember 1941 , yang merusak pangkalan angkatan laut AS di Pearl Harbor, menjadi awal mula Perang Pasifik pada Perang Dunia II. Amerika Serikat melakukan investasi besar-besaran dalam kekuatan angkatan laut dan secara sistematis menghancurkan kemampuan ofensif Jepang ketika strategi Lompat pulau melintasi pasifik. Untuk memaksa jepang menyerah, Amerika secara sistematis membom kota-kota Jepang, yang berpuncak pada serangan bom atom Hiroshima dan Nagasaki pada Agustus 1945. Jepang menyerah, dan menjadi sasaran tujuh tahun pendudukan militer oleh Amerika Serikat, dimana penjajah Amerika di bawah Jenderal Douglas MacArthur menghilangkan militerisme dan membangun kembali sistem ekonomi dan politik negara untuk mengubah Jepang menjadi negara demokrasi.

Pada 1950-an dan 1960-an Jepang masuk ke dalam aliansi militer dengan Amerika Serikat, dan mengalami pertumbuhan ekonomi yang belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya dengan berlindung di bawah payung nuklir AS, mengambil keuntungan penuh dari rezim perdagangan bebas yang didukung AS, dan memasok perang Amerika di Perang Korea dan Perang Vietnam. Ekspor Jepang ke Amerika Serikat meningkat secara dramatis pada periode pascaperang, dengan mobil dan elektroniknya yang sangat populer, dan Jepang menjadi ekonomi terbesar kedua di dunia setelah Amerika Serikat (pada 2010 turun ke posisi ketiga setelah Tiongkok). Sejak akhir abad ke-20 dan seterusnya, Amerika Serikat dan jepang memiliki hubungan yang kuat dan aktif dalam bidang politik, ekonomi dan militer. Pejabat pemerintah AS umumnya menganggap Jepang sebagai salah satu sekutu dan mitra terdekatnya. Menurut survei yang dilakukan pada tahun 2021, Kebanyakan orang Amerika umumnya memandang Jepang secara positif, dengan 84% memandang Jepang dengan baik. tetapi, hanya beberapa orang Amerika dalam jajak pendapat publik menganggap Jepang sebagai salah satu sekutu terdekat mereka, dengan hanya 1% orang Amerika memilih Jepang sebagai mitra kebijakan luar negeri terpenting mereka, jauh di belakang sekutu utama Amerika lainnya. Dalam analisis New York Times terhadap data YouGov pada tahun 2017, responden Amerika menempatkan Jepang sebagai sekutu terdekat ke-21 mereka, Ini juga di belakang sekutu utama Amerika lainnya. Jepang saat ini adalah salah satu negara paling pro-Amerika di dunia, dengan 67% orang Jepang memandang Amerika Serikat dengan baik, dan 75% mengatakan mereka memercayai Amerika Serikat dibandingkan dengan 7% untuk Tiongkok. Dalam survei Pew 2019, 63% orang di Jepang menyebut Amerika Serikat sebagai sekutu terdekat mereka, jauh lebih tinggi daripada yang disebutkan oleh negara lain.

## Referensi

## Bacaan tambahan

### Survei
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### Historiografi
* Aruga, Natsuki, "Viewing American History from Japan" in 
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* Pederson, William D. ed. *A Companion to Franklin D. Roosevelt* (2011)  pp 612-35, FDR and Japan

### Sumber primer
* Grew, Joseph C. *Ten years in Japan, contemporary record drawn from the diaries and private and official papers of Joseph C. Grew, United States ambassador to Japan 1932–1942* (1944) online
* Miyoshi, Masao. *As we saw them: the first embassy to the United States* (New York, 1994)
* U.S. Congress, *Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States with Japan 1931 - 1941* (1943) vol 1 online  431pp
** U.S. Congress, *Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States with Japan 1931 - 1941* (1943) vol 2 online  816 pp

## Pranala luar
### Situs web misi diplomatik

*Embassy of the United States in Japan
:Consulate General of the United States in Osaka
:Consulate General of the United States in Nagoya
:Consulate General of the United States in Sapporo
:Consulate General of the United States in Fukuoka
:Consulate General of the United States in Naha

*Embassy of Japan in the United States
:Consulate General of Japan in New York
:Consulate General of Japan in San Francisco
:Consulate General of Japan in Los Angeles
:Consulate General of Japan in Houston
:Consulate General of Japan in Miami
:Consulate General of Japan in Boston
:Consulate General of Japan in Atlanta
:Consulate General of Japan in Chicago
:Consulate General of Japan in Denver
:Consulate General of Japan in Detroit
:Consulate General of Japan in Hagatna
:Consulate General of Japan in Honolulu
:Consulate General of Japan in Nashville
:Consulate General of Japan in Portland 
:Consulate General of Japan in Seattle
:Consular Office of Japan in Anchorage

*Stokes, Bruce. "How America and Japan see the world." *[[CNN]]*. February 18, 2013.
* History of Japan - U.S. relations
* The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan: Japan – U.S. Relations
* Japanese-US Economic Relations from the Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives
 – Japan
* Embassy of Japan in the United States of America
* Embassy of the United States of America Tokyo, Japan
* Moe Yonamine, "ANPO: Art X War: A Film Tackles the U.S. Occupation of Japan", Film review and teaching activity for high school students, Zinn Education Project/Rethinking Schools.