Jean-Gaspard Deburau

**Jean-Gaspard Deburau** (lahir **Jan Kašpar Dvořák**; 31 Juli 1796&nbsp;– 17 Juni 1846), terkadang keliru disebut **Debureau**, merupakan seorang pantomim Prancis-Bohemia terkenal.  Ia tampil dari 1816 hingga tahun kematiannya di Théâtre des Funambules, yang diabadikan dalam film realisme puitis Marcel Carné *[[Les Enfants du Paradis|Children of Paradise]]* (1945); Deburau muncul dalam film (dengan nama panggung, "Baptiste") sebagai pemeran utama.  Karya pantomimnya yang paling terkenal adalah Pierrot—berperan sebagai bapak baptis semua Pierrot dari teater romantisisme, dekaden, simbolis, dan modernisme awal.

## Catatan

## Referensi
*Augoyard, Jean François; Andra McCartney, Henry Torgue, and David Paquette (2006). *Sonic experience: a guide to everyday sounds*. Montreal and London: McGill-Queen's University Press.
*Banville, Théodore de (1883).  *Mes souvenirs*.  Paris: Charpentier.
*Banville, Théodore de (1890).  *L'ame de Paris: nouveaux souvenirs*.  Paris: Charpentier.
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*Chaplin, Charles (1966).  *My autobiography*.  New York: Pocket Books.
*Chion, Michel, and Claudia Gorbman (1999). *The voice in cinema*. New York: Columbia University Press.
*Despot, Adriane (1975).  "Jean-Gaspard Deburau and the pantomime at the Théâtre des Funambules".  *Educational Theatre Journal*, XXVII (October): 364-76.
*Gautier, Théophile (1883).  "Shakspeare [sic] aux Funambules".  *Souvenirs de théâtre, d'art et de critique*.  Paris: Charpentier.
*Goby, Emile, ed. (1889).  ''Pantomimes de Gaspard et Ch. Deburau''.  Paris: Dentu.
*Hugounet, Paul (1889).  ''Mimes et Pierrots: notes et documents inédits pour servir à l'histoire de la pantomime''.  Paris: Fischbacher.
*Janin, Jules (1881).  ''Deburau, histoire du Théâtre à Quatre Sous pour faire suite à l'histoire du Théâtre-Français''.  1832.  Rpt. in 1 vol, Paris: Librairie des Bibliophiles.
*Lecomte, L.-Henry (1909).  *Histoire des théâtres de Paris: Les Folies-Nouvelles, 1854–1859, 1871–1872, 1880*.  Paris: Daragon.
*Nodier, Charles (1828).  "Deburau".  *La pandore*, no. 1884: July 19.
*Nye, Edward (2014): "Jean-Gaspard Deburau: romantic Pierrot".  *New theatre quarterly*, 30:2 (May): 107-119.
*Nye, Edward (2015-2016): "The romantic myth of Jean-Gaspard Deburau".  *Nineteenth-century French studies*, 44: 1 & 2 (Fall-Winter): 46-64.
*Nye, Edward (2016): "The pantomime repertoire of the Théâtre des Funambules," *Nineteenth century theatre and film*, 43: 1 (May): 3-20.
*Péricaud, Louis (1897).  ''Le Théâtre des Funambules, ses mimes, ses acteurs et ses pantomimes . . .''  Paris: Sapin.
*Rémy, Tristan (1954).  *Jean-Gaspard Deburau*. Paris: L’Arche.
*Saint-Victor, Paul de (1846).  "Mort d'un artiste et de son art".  *La Semaine*, July.
*Sand, George  (1846).  "Deburau".  *Le constitutionnel*, February 8.
*Sand, George (1971).  *Histoire de ma vie.*  In *Oeuvres autobiographiques.* Ed. Georges Lubin.  Paris: Gallimard (Bibliothèque de la Pléiade).
*Sand, Maurice (Jean-François-Maurice-Arnauld, Baron Dudevant, called) (1915). *The history of the harlequinade* [orig. *Masques et bouffons*. 2 vols. Paris: Michel Lévy Frères, 1860]. Philadelphia: Lippincott.
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*Storey, Robert (1978b).  "Shakespeare at the Funambules: a translation of Théophile Gautier's 'Shakspeare aux Funambules' and a commentary".  *Mime, mask & marionette: a quarterly journal of performing arts*, 1:3 (fall): 159-79.
*  Block quotations from this book are protected by copyright (copyright © 1985 by Princeton University Press) and are used on this page by permission.
*Švehla, Jaroslav (1977).  “Jean Gaspard Deburau: the immortal Pierrot”.  Tr. Paul Wilson.  *Mime journal*: 5.  (This journal-length article is a translated condensation of Švehla’s book-length study *Deburau, nieśmiertelny Pierrot* [Prague: Melantrich, 1976].)

## Pranala luar
*Levillain, Adele Dowling.  (1945).  ''The Evolution of Pantomime in France.''  Unpub. Master's Thesis, Boston University.