Sublim (filsafat)

Dalam estetika, **sublim** () adalah  kebesaran, baik dalam hal fisik, moral, intelektual, metafisik, estetis, spiritual, maupun seni. Istilah ini khususnya merujuk pada kebesaran yang melampaui segala kemungkinan perhitungan, pengukuran, atau peniruan. Sejak pertama kali diterapkan dalam bidang retorika dan drama di Yunani kuno, konsep ini menjadi penting tidak hanya dalam estetika filosofis tetapi juga dalam teori sastra dan sejarah seni.

## Referensi

## Bacaan lanjutan

*Addison, Joseph. *The Spectator*. Ed. Donald E. Bond. Oxford, 1965.
*Beidler. P. G. "The Postmodern Sublime: Kant and Tony Smith's Anecdote of the Cube". *The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism*, Vol. 53, No. 2 (Spring 1995): 177&ndash;186.
*Brady, E. "Imagination and the Aesthetic Appreciation of Nature". *The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism*, Vol. 56, No. 2 (Spring 1998): 139&ndash;147.
*Brett, R.L. *The Third Earl of Shaftesbury*. London, 1951. ASIN: B0007IYKBU
*Budd, M. *The Aesthetic Appreciation of Nature*. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2003.
*Burke, Edmund. *[[A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful]]*. London, 1958. 
*Clewis, Robert, ed. *[https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/the-sublime-reader-9781350030152/ The Sublime Reader]*. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2019.
*Clewis, Robert, ed. *The Kantian Sublime and the Revelation of Freedom*. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
*Collingwood, R.G. *The Idea of Nature*. Oxford, 1945. 
*Cooper, Anthony Ashley, Third Earl of Shaftesbury. *The Moralists: A Philosophical Rhapsody*, in *[[Characteristicks]]*, Vol. II. Ed. John M. Robertson. London, 1900.
*Crowther, P. *How Pictures Complete Us; The Beautiful, the Sublime and the Divine*. Stanford University Press, 2016. 
*de Bolla, P. *The Discourse of the Sublime*. Basil Blackwell, 1989.
*Dennis, John. *Miscellanies in Verse and Prose*, in *Critical Works*, Vol. II. Ed. Edward Niles Hooker. Baltimore, 1939&ndash;1943. ASIN: B0007E9YR4
*Doran, Robert. "Literary History and the Sublime in Erich Auerbach's Mimesis". *New Literary History* 38.2 (2007): 353–369. 
*Doran, Robert. *The Theory of the Sublime from Longinus to Kant*. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. 
*Dessoir, Max. *Aesthetics and theory of art. Ästhetik und allgemeine Kunstwissenschaft*. Translated by Stephen A. Emery. With a foreword by Thomas Munro. Detroit, Wayne State University Press, 1970. 
*Duffy, C. *Shelley and the revolutionary sublime*. Cambridge, 2005.
*Ferguson, F. *Solitude and the Sublime: romanticism and the aesthetics of individuation*. Routledge, 1992.
*Fisher, P. *Wonder, the rainbow and the aesthetics of rare experiences*. Harvard University Press, 1999.
*Fudge, R. S. "Imagination and the Science-Based Aesthetic Appreciation of Unscenic Nature". *The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism*, Vol. 59, No. 3 (Summer 2001): 275&ndash;285.
*Gilbert-Rolfe, Jeremy. "Beauty and the Contemporary Sublime," Allworth Press, 1999.
*Hipple, Walter John, Jr. *The Beautiful, the Sublime, and the Picturesque in Eighteenth-Century British Aesthetic Theory*. Carbondale, IL, 1957.
*Kant, Immanuel. Critique of Judgment. Trans. J.H. Bernard. Macmillan, 1951.
*Kant, Immanuel. *[[Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime]]*. Translated by John T. Goldthwaite. University of California Press, 2003. 
* Kaplama, Erman. *Cosmological Aesthetics through the Kantian Sublime and Nietzschean Dionysian*. Lanham: UPA, Rowman & Littlefield, 2014.
*Kirwan, J. (2005). *Sublimity: The Non-Rational and the Irrational in the History of Aesthetics*. Routledge, 2005.
*Lyotard, Jean-François. *Lessons on the Analytic of the Sublime*. Trans. Elizabeth Rottenberg. Stanford University Press, 1994.
*Monk, Samuel H. *The Sublime: A Study of Critical Theories in XVIII-Century England*. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1935/1960.
*Nicolson, Marjorie Hope. *Mountain Gloom and Mountain Glory*. Ithaca, 1959. 
*Navon, Mois. "Sublime Tekhelet". The Writings of Mois Navon
*Nicolson, Marjorie Hope. "Sublime in External Nature". *Dictionary of the History of Ideas*. New York, 1974.
*Noel, J. "Space, Time and the Sublime in Hume's Treatise". *British Journal of Aesthetics*, Vol. 34, No. 3, July 1994: 218&ndash;225.
*Pillow, K. *Sublime Understanding: Aesthetic Reflection in Kant and Hegel*. MIT Press, 2000.
*Ryan, V. (2001). "The physiological sublime: Burke's critique of reason". *Journal of the history of ideas*, vol. 62, no. 2 (2001): 265&ndash;279.
*George Santayana. *The Sense of Beauty. Being the Outlines of Aesthetic Theory*. New York, Modern Library, 1955. Pp.&nbsp;230–240.
*Saville, A. "Imagination and Aesthetic Value". *British Journal of Aesthetics*, Vol. 46, No. 3, July 2006: 248&ndash;258.
*Shaw, P. *The Sublime*. Routledge, 2006.
*Shusterman, R. "Somaesthetics and Burke's Sublime". *British Journal of Aesthetics*, Vol. 45, No. 4, October 2005: 323&ndash;341.
*Sircello, Guy, "How is a Theory of the Sublime Possible?" *The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism*, Vol. 51, No. 4 (Autumn 1993): 541&ndash;550.
*Schopenhauer, Arthur. *[[The World as Will and Representation]]*. Volume I. New York: Dover Press. 
*Slocombe, Will. *Nihilism and the Sublime Postmodern: The (Hi)Story of a Difficult Relationship*. New York: Routledge, 2006.
*Stolnitz, Jerome. "On the Significance of Lord Shaftesbury in Modern Aesthetic Theory". *Philosophical Quarterly*, 43(2):97&ndash;113, 1961.
*Tsang, Lap Chuen. *The Sublime : Groundwork towards a Theory*. University of Rochester Press, 1998.
*Zuckert, R. "Awe or Envy? Herder contra Kant on the Sublime". *The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism*, Vol. 61, No. 3 (Summer 2003): 217&ndash;232.

## Pranala luar

*Friedrich Schiller, On the Sublime
* The Sublime, BBC Radio 4 discussion with Janet Todd, Annie Janowitz & Peter de Bolla (*In Our Time*, Feb. 12, 2004)