Raymond Chandler

**Raymond Thornton Chandler** () adalah seorang novelis dan penulis naskah Amerika-Inggris. Pada 1932, dalam usia empat puluh empat tahun, Chandler menjadi penulis fiksi detektif setelah kehilangan pekerjaannya sebagai eksekutif perusahaan minyak pada masa Depresi Besar.

## Referensi

## Sumber
* Chandler, Raymond (1950). *Trouble is My Business*.  Vintage Books, 1988.
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* Chandler, Raymond, (1969). Foreword by Powell, Lawrence Clark. *The Raymond Chandler Omnibus*,  Borzoi Books.
* Day, Barry, (2015). "The World of Raymond Chandler: In His Own Words".  Vintage Books.
* Hiney, Tom (1997). ''Raymond Chandler: A Biography''. Grove Press.
* Pronzini, Bill; Jack Adrian (eds). (1995). *Hard-Boiled, An Anthology of American Crime Stories*, Oxford University Press.

## Bacaan tambahan

* Bruccoli, Matthew J., ed. (1973). *Chandler Before Marlowe: Raymond Chandler's Early Prose and Poetry, 1908–1912*. Columbia, S.C.: University of South Carolina Press.
* Chandler, Raymond (1976). *The Blue Dahlia* (screenplay). Carbondale and Edwardsville, Ill.: Southern Illinois University Press.
* Chandler, Raymond (1985). *Raymond Chandler's Unknown Thriller* (unfilmed screenplay for *Playback*). New York: The Mysterious Press.
* Dorothy Gardiner and Katherine Sorley Walker, eds. (1962), *Raymond Chandler Speaking*. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
* Freeman, Judith (2007). *The Long Embrace: Raymond Chandler and the Woman He Loved*. N.Y.: Pantheon. .
* Gross, Miriam (1977). *The World of Raymond Chandler*. New York: A & W Publishers.
* Hiney, Tom (1999). *Raymond Chandler*. New York: Grove Press. .
* Hiney, Tom and MacShane, Frank, eds. (2000). *The Raymond Chandler Papers: Selected Letters and Nonfiction, 1909–1959*. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press.
* Howe, Alexander N. "The Detective and the Analyst: Truth, Knowledge, and Psychoanalysis in the Hard-Boiled Fiction of Raymond Chandler." *Clues: A Journal of Detection* 24.4 (Summer 2006): 15–29.
* Howe, Alexander N. (2008). "It Didn't Mean Anything: A Psychoanalytic Reading of American Detective Fiction". North Carolina: McFarland. .
* Joshi, S. T. (2019). "Raymond Chandler: Mean Streets" in *Varieties of Crime Fiction* (Wildside Press) .
* MacShane, Frank (1976). *The Life of Raymond Chandler*. New York: E.P. Dutton.
* MacShane, Frank (1976). *The Notebooks of Raymond Chandler & English Summer: A Gothic Romance*.  New York: The Ecco Press.
* MacShane, Frank, ed. (1981). *Selected Letters of Raymond Chandler*.  New York: Columbia University Press.
* Moss, Robert (2002.) "Raymond Chandler: A Literary Reference" New York: Carrol & Graf.
* Swirski, Peter (2005). "Raymond Chandler's Aesthetics of Irony" in *From Lowbrow to Nobrow*. Montreal, London: McGill-Queen's University. .
* Ward, Elizabeth and Alain Silver (1987). *Raymond Chandler's Los Angeles*. Woodstock, N.Y.: Overlook Press. .
* Williams, Tom (2014).  * A Mysterious Something in the Light: The Life of Raymond Chandler *. New York: Chicago Review Press. .

## Pranala luar

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* 
* An essay on Chandler and Los Angeles history by William Marling
* Shamus Town The Los Angeles of Philip Marlowe where Raymond Chandler lived, worked and wrote about.
* "Down the Mean Streets with Philip Marlowe" BBC streaming audio programme on Chandler
* Photographs of Raymond Chandler's Los Angeles by Catherine Corman at *[[The New Yorker]]*
* "Chandler's double identity: Adrian Wootton on a writer's secret cameo"; *[[The Guardian]]*, June 5, 2009
* "Cheap Truth 11 - page 2"; *Fanac*, September 1, 2017