Augustin-Jean Fresnel

**Augustin-Jean Fresnel** (  or   ; 10 Mei 1788 – 14 Juli 1827) merupakan seorang insinyur sipil dan fisikawan Prancis yang penelitiannya di bidang optika mendapat penerimaan hampir bulat teori gelombang cahaya, tidak termasuk sisa-sisa teori korpuskular Newton, dari akhir 1830-an hingga akhir abad ke-19.

## Referensi

### Daftar pustaka

* D.F.J. Arago (tr. B.&nbsp;Powell), 1857, "Fresnel" (elegy read at the Public Meeting of the Academy of Sciences, 26 July 1830), in D.F.J.&nbsp;Arago (tr.&nbsp;&nbsp;W.H.&nbsp;Smyth, B.&nbsp;Powell, and R.&nbsp;Grant), *Biographies of Distinguished Scientific Men* (single-volume edition), London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, & Roberts, 1857, pp.&nbsp;399–471. (On the translator's identity, see pp.&nbsp;425n,452n.)&nbsp; *Erratum*: In the translator's note on p.&nbsp;413, a plane tangent to the outer sphere at point *t* should intersect the refractive surface (assumed flat); then, *through that intersection*, tangent planes should be drawn to the inner sphere and spheroid (cf.&nbsp;Mach, 1926, p.263).
* D.F.J. Arago and A. Fresnel, 1819, "Mémoire sur l'action que les rayons de lumière polarisée exercent les uns sur les autres", *Annales de Chimie et de Physique*, Ser.2, vol.&nbsp;10, pp.&nbsp;288–305, March 1819; reprinted in Fresnel, 1866–70, vol.&nbsp;1, pp.&nbsp;509–22; translated as "On the action of rays of polarized light upon each other", in Crew, 1900, pp.&nbsp;145–55.
* G.-A. Boutry, 1948, "Augustin Fresnel: His time, life and work, 1788–1827", *Science Progress*, vol.&nbsp;36, no.&nbsp;144 (October 1948), pp.&nbsp;587–604; jstor.org/stable/43413515.
* J.Z. Buchwald, 1989, *[https://archive.org/details/riseofwavetheory0000buch The Rise of the Wave Theory of Light: Optical Theory and Experiment in the Early Nineteenth Century]*, University of Chicago Press, .
* J.Z. Buchwald, 2013, "Optics in the Nineteenth Century", in J.Z.&nbsp;Buchwald and R.&nbsp;Fox (eds.), *The Oxford Handbook of the History of Physics*, Oxford, , pp.&nbsp;445–72.
* H. Crew (ed.), 1900, ''The Wave Theory of Light: Memoirs by Huygens, Young and Fresnel'', American Book Company.
* O. Darrigol, 2012, *A History of Optics: From Greek Antiquity to the Nineteenth Century*, Oxford, .
* J. Elton, 2009, "A Light to Lighten our Darkness: Lighthouse Optics and the Later Development of Fresnel's Revolutionary Refracting Lens 1780–1900", *International Journal for the History of Engineering & Technology*, vol.&nbsp;79, no.&nbsp;2 (July 2009), pp.&nbsp;183–244; .
* E. Frankel, 1974, "The search for a corpuscular theory of double refraction: Malus, Laplace and the  competition of 1808", *Centaurus*, vol.&nbsp;18, no.&nbsp;3 (September 1974), pp.&nbsp;223–245.
* E. Frankel, 1976, "Corpuscular optics and the wave theory of light: The science and politics of a revolution in physics", *Social Studies of Science*, vol.&nbsp;6, no.&nbsp;2 (May 1976), pp.&nbsp;141–84; jstor.org/stable/284930.
* A. Fresnel, 1815a, Letter to Jean François "Léonor" Mérimée, 10&nbsp;February 1815 (Smithsonian Dibner Library, MSS&nbsp;546A), printed in G.&nbsp;Magalhães, "Remarks on a new autograph letter from Augustin Fresnel: Light aberration and wave theory", *Science in Context*, vol.&nbsp;19, no.2 (June&nbsp;2006), pp.&nbsp;295–307, , at p.306 (original French) and p.307 (English translation).
* A. Fresnel, 1816, "Mémoire sur la diffraction de la lumière" ("Memoir on the diffraction of light"), *Annales de Chimie et de Physique*, Ser.2, vol.&nbsp;1, pp.&nbsp;239–81 (March 1816); reprinted as "Deuxième Mémoire…" ("Second Memoir…") in Fresnel, 1866–70, vol.&nbsp;1, pp.&nbsp;89–122.&nbsp; *Not* to be confused with the later "prize memoir" (Fresnel, 1818b).
* A. Fresnel, 1818a, "Mémoire sur les couleurs développées dans les fluides homogènes par la lumière polarisée", read 30 March 1818 (according to Kipnis, 1991, p.&nbsp;217), published 1846; reprinted in Fresnel, 1866–70, vol.&nbsp;1, pp.&nbsp;655–83; translated by E.&nbsp;Ronalds & H.&nbsp;Lloyd as "Memoir upon the colours produced in homogeneous fluids by polarized light", in Taylor, 1852, pp.&nbsp;44–65. (Cited page numbers refer to the translation.)
* A. Fresnel, 1818b, "Mémoire sur la diffraction de la lumière" ("Memoir on the diffraction of light"), deposited 29 July 1818, "crowned" 15 March 1819, published (with appended notes) in *Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences de l'Institut de France*, vol.&nbsp; (for 1821 & 1822, printed 1826), pp.&nbsp;339–475; reprinted (with notes) in Fresnel, 1866–70, vol.&nbsp;1, pp.&nbsp;247–383; partly translated as "Fresnel's prize memoir on the diffraction of light", in Crew, 1900, pp.&nbsp;81–144.&nbsp; *Not* to be confused with the earlier memoir with the same French title (Fresnel, 1816).
* A. Fresnel, 1818c, "Lettre de M.&nbsp;Fresnel à M.&nbsp;Arago sur l'influence du mouvement terrestre dans quelques phénomènes d'optique", *Annales de Chimie et de Physique*, Ser.2, vol.&nbsp;9, pp.&nbsp;57–66 & plate after p.111 (Sep.&nbsp;1818), & p.286–7 (Nov.&nbsp;1818); reprinted in Fresnel, 1866–70, vol.&nbsp;2, pp.&nbsp;627–36; translated as "Letter from Augustin Fresnel to François Arago, on the influence of the movement of the earth on some phenomena of optics" in K.F.&nbsp;Schaffner, *Nineteenth-Century Aether Theories*, Pergamon, 1972 (), pp.&nbsp;125–35; also translated (with several errors) by R.R.&nbsp;Traill as "Letter from Augustin Fresnel to François Arago concerning the influence of terrestrial movement on several optical phenomena", *General Science Journal*, 23&nbsp;January 2006 (PDF,&nbsp;8pp.).
* A. Fresnel, 1821a, "Note sur le calcul des teintes que la polarisation développe dans les lames cristallisées" et&nbsp;seq., *Annales de Chimie et de Physique*, Ser.2, vol.&nbsp;17, pp.&nbsp;102–11 (May 1821), 167–96 (June 1821), 312–15 ("Postscript", July 1821); reprinted (with added section nos.) in Fresnel, 1866–70, vol.&nbsp;1, pp.&nbsp;609–48; translated as "On the calculation of the tints that polarization develops in crystalline plates, &amp;&nbsp;postscript",  / , 2021.
* A. Fresnel, 1821b, "Note sur les remarques de M.&nbsp;Biot...", *Annales de Chimie et de Physique*, Ser.2, vol.&nbsp;17, pp.&nbsp;393–403 (August 1821); reprinted (with added section nos.) in Fresnel, 1866–70, vol.&nbsp;1, pp.&nbsp;601–608; translated as "Note on the remarks of Mr.&nbsp;Biot relating to colors of thin plates",  / , 2021.
* A. Fresnel, 1821c, Letter to D.F.J.Arago, 21&nbsp;September 1821, in Fresnel, 1866–70, vol.&nbsp;2, pp.&nbsp;257–9; translated as "Letter to Arago on biaxial birefringence", *Wikisource*, April&nbsp;2021.
* A. Fresnel, 1822a, *De la Lumière* (*On Light*), in J.&nbsp;Riffault&nbsp;(ed.), ''Supplément à la traduction française de la cinquième édition du "Système de Chimie" par Th.Thomson'', Paris: Chez Méquignon-Marvis, 1822, pp.&nbsp;1–137,535–9; reprinted in Fresnel, 1866–70, vol.&nbsp;2, pp.&nbsp;3–146; translated by T.&nbsp;Young as "Elementary view of the undulatory theory of light", *Quarterly Journal of Science, Literature, and Art*, vol.&nbsp;22 (Jan.–Jun.1827), pp.&nbsp;127–41, 441–54; vol.&nbsp;23 (Jul.–Dec.1827), pp.&nbsp;113–35, 431–48; vol.&nbsp;24 (Jan.–Jun.1828), pp.&nbsp;198–215; vol.&nbsp;25 (Jul.–Dec.1828), pp.&nbsp;168–91, 389–407; vol.&nbsp;26 (Jan.–Jun.1829), pp.&nbsp;159–65.
* A. Fresnel, 1822b, "Mémoire sur un nouveau système d'éclairage des phares", read 29 July 1822; reprinted in Fresnel, 1866–70, vol.&nbsp;3, pp.&nbsp;97–126; translated by T.&nbsp;Tag as "Memoir upon a new system of lighthouse illumination", U.S. Lighthouse Society, accessed 26 August 2017; archived 19 August 2016. (Cited page numbers refer to the translation.)
* A. Fresnel, 1827, "Mémoire sur la double réfraction", *Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences de l'Institut de France*, vol.&nbsp; (for 1824, printed 1827), pp.&nbsp;45–176; reprinted as "Second mémoire…" in Fresnel, 1866–70, vol.&nbsp;2, pp.&nbsp;479–596; translated by A.W.&nbsp;Hobson as "Memoir on double refraction", in Taylor, 1852, pp.&nbsp;238–333. (Cited page numbers refer to the translation. For notable errata in the original edition, and consequently in the translation, see Fresnel, 1866–70, vol.&nbsp;2, p.&nbsp;596n.)
* A. Fresnel (ed. H. de Sénarmont, E.&nbsp;Verdet, and L.&nbsp;Fresnel), 1866–70, *Oeuvres complètes d'Augustin Fresnel* (3&nbsp;volumes), Paris: Imprimerie Impériale; vol.&nbsp;1&nbsp;(1866), vol.&nbsp;2&nbsp;(1868), vol.&nbsp;3&nbsp;(1870).
* I. Grattan-Guinness, 1990, *Convolutions in French Mathematics, 1800–1840*, Basel: Birkhäuser, vol.&nbsp;2, , chapter&nbsp;13 (pp.&nbsp;852–915, "The entry of Fresnel: Physical optics, 1815–1824") and chapter&nbsp;15 (pp.&nbsp;968–1045, "The entry of Navier and the triumph of Cauchy: Elasticity theory, 1819–1830").
* C. Huygens, 1690, *Traité de la Lumière* (Leiden: Van der Aa), translated by S.P. Thompson as *[http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/14725 Treatise on Light]*, University of Chicago Press, 1912; Project Gutenberg, 2005. (Cited page numbers match the 1912 edition and the Gutenberg HTML edition.)
* F.A. Jenkins and H.E. White, 1976, *Fundamentals of Optics*, 4th Ed., New&nbsp;York: McGraw-Hill, .
* N. Kipnis, 1991, *History of the Principle of Interference of Light*, Basel: Birkhäuser, , chapters .
* K.A. Kneller (tr. T.M. Kettle), 1911, *Christianity and the Leaders of Modern Science: A contribution to the history of culture in the nineteenth century*, Freiburg im Breisgau: B.&nbsp;Herder, pp.&nbsp;146–9.
* T.H. Levitt, 2009, *The Shadow of Enlightenment: Optical and Political Transparency in France, 1789–1848*, Oxford, .
* T.H. Levitt, 2013, *A Short Bright Flash: Augustin Fresnel and the Birth of the Modern Lighthouse*, New York: W.W.&nbsp;Norton, .
* H. Lloyd, 1834, "Report on the progress and present state of physical optics", *Report of the Fourth Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science* (held at Edinburgh in 1834), London: J.&nbsp;Murray, 1835, pp.&nbsp;295–413.
* E. Mach (tr. J.S.&nbsp;Anderson & A.F.A.&nbsp;Young), *The Principles of Physical Optics: An Historical and Philosophical Treatment*, London: Methuen & Co., 1926.
* I. Newton, 1730, ''Opticks: or, a Treatise of the Reflections, Refractions, Inflections, and Colours of Light'', 4th Ed. (London: William Innys, 1730; Project Gutenberg, 2010); republished with Foreword by A.&nbsp;Einstein and Introduction by E.T.&nbsp;Whittaker (London: George Bell & Sons, 1931); reprinted with additional Preface by I.B.&nbsp;Cohen and Analytical Table of Contents by D.H.D.&nbsp;Roller,&nbsp; Mineola, NY: Dover, 1952, 1979 (with revised preface), 2012. (Cited page numbers match the Gutenberg HTML edition and the Dover editions.)
* R.H. Silliman, 1967, *Augustin Fresnel (1788–1827) and the Establishment of the Wave Theory of Light* (PhD&nbsp;dissertation, ), Princeton University, submitted 1967, accepted 1968; available from ProQuest (missing the first page of the preface).
* R.H. Silliman, 2008, "Fresnel, Augustin Jean", *Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography*, Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, vol.&nbsp;5, pp.&nbsp;165–71. (The version at ''encyclopedia.com'' lacks the diagram and equations.)
* R. Taylor (ed.), 1852, *Scientific Memoirs, selected from the Transactions of Foreign Academies of Science and Learned Societies, and from Foreign Journals* (in English), vol.&nbsp;, London: Taylor & Francis.
* W. Whewell, 1857, *History of the Inductive Sciences: From the Earliest to the Present Time*, 3rd Ed., London: J.W.&nbsp;Parker & Son, vol.&nbsp;2, book&nbsp;, chapters&nbsp;.
* E. T. Whittaker, 1910, ''A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity: From the age of Descartes to the close of the nineteenth century'', London: Longmans, Green, & Co., chapters .
* J. Worrall, 1989, "Fresnel, Poisson and the white spot: The role of successful predictions in the acceptance of scientific theories", in D.&nbsp;Gooding, T.&nbsp;Pinch, and S.&nbsp;Schaffer (eds.), *The Uses of Experiment: Studies in the Natural Sciences*, Cambridge University Press, , pp.&nbsp;135–57.
* T. Young, 1807, *A Course of Lectures on Natural Philosophy and the Mechanical Arts* (2&nbsp;volumes), London: J.Johnson; vol.&nbsp;1, vol.&nbsp;2.
* T. Young (ed. G.&nbsp;Peacock), 1855, *Miscellaneous Works of the late Thomas Young*, London: J.&nbsp;Murray, vol.&nbsp;1.

## Pranala luar
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* List of English translations of works by Augustin Fresnel at Zenodo.
* United States Lighthouse Society, especially "Fresnel Lenses".
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