Isotop timah

**[[Timah]]** (**<sub>50</sub>Sn**) adalah unsur dengan jumlah isotop stabil terbanyak (sepuluh; tiga di antaranya berpotensi radioaktif tetapi belum teramati meluruh), yang mungkin terkait dengan fakta bahwa 50 adalah "bilangan ajaib" proton. Dua puluh sembilan isotop tambahan yang tidak stabil telah diketahui, termasuk timah-100 (100Sn) (ditemukan pada 1994) dan timah-132 (132Sn) yang "ajaib ganda". Radioisotop yang berumur paling panjang adalah 126Sn, dengan waktu paruh 230.000 tahun. 28 radioisotop lainnya memiliki waktu paruh kurang dari satu tahun.

## Daftar isotop

|-
| 99Sn
| style="text-align:right" | 50
| style="text-align:right" | 49
| 98,94933(64)#
| 5#&nbsp;mdtk
|
|
| 9/2+#
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|100Sn
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 50
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 50
| rowspan=2|99,93904(76)
| rowspan=2|1,1(4)&nbsp;dtk[0,94(+54−27)&nbsp;dtk]
| β<sup>+</sup> (83%)
| 100In
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β+, p (17%)
| 99Cd
|-
| rowspan=2|101Sn
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 50
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 51
| rowspan=2|100,93606(32)#
| rowspan=2|3(1)&nbsp;dtk
| β+
| 101In
| rowspan=2|5/2+#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β+, p (langka)
| 100Cd
|-
| rowspan=2|102Sn
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 50
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 52
| rowspan=2|101,93030(14)
| rowspan=2|4,5(7)&nbsp;dtk
| β+
| 102In
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β+, p (langka)
| 101Cd
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 102mSn
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2017(2)&nbsp;keV
| 720(220)&nbsp;ndtk
|
|
| (6+)
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|103Sn
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 50
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 53
| rowspan=2|102,92810(32)#
| rowspan=2|7,0(6)&nbsp;dtk
| β+
| 103In
| rowspan=2|5/2+#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β+, p (langka)
| 102Cd
|-
| 104Sn
| style="text-align:right" | 50
| style="text-align:right" | 54
| 103,92314(11)
| 20,8(5)&nbsp;dtk
| β+
| 104In
| 0+
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|105Sn
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 50
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 55
| rowspan=2|104,92135(9)
| rowspan=2|34(1)&nbsp;dtk
| β+
| 105In
| rowspan=2|(5/2+)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β+, p (langka)
| 104Cd
|-
| 106Sn
| style="text-align:right" | 50
| style="text-align:right" | 56
| 105,91688(5)
| 115(5)&nbsp;dtk
| β+
| 106In
| 0+
|
|
|-
| 107Sn
| style="text-align:right" | 50
| style="text-align:right" | 57
| 106,91564(9)
| 2,90(5)&nbsp;mnt
| β+
| 107In
| (5/2+)
|
|
|-
| 108Sn
| style="text-align:right" | 50
| style="text-align:right" | 58
| 107,911925(21)
| 10,30(8)&nbsp;mnt
| β+
| 108In
| 0+
|
|
|-
| 109Sn
| style="text-align:right" | 50
| style="text-align:right" | 59
| 108,911283(11)
| 18,0(2)&nbsp;mnt
| β+
| 109In
| 5/2(+)
|
|
|-
| 110Sn
| style="text-align:right" | 50
| style="text-align:right" | 60
| 109,907843(15)
| 4,11(10)&nbsp;jam
| EC
| 110In
| 0+
|
|
|-
| 111Sn
| style="text-align:right" | 50
| style="text-align:right" | 61
| 110,907734(7)
| 35,3(6)&nbsp;mnt
| β+
| 111In
| 7/2+
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 111mSn
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 254,72(8)&nbsp;keV
| 12,5(10)&nbsp;µdtk
|
|
| 1/2+
|
|
|-
| 112Sn
| style="text-align:right" | 50
| style="text-align:right" | 62
| 111,904818(5)
| colspan=3 align=center|**[[Stabil Secara Pengamatan]]**
| 0+
| 0,0097(1)
|
|-
| 113Sn
| style="text-align:right" | 50
| style="text-align:right" | 63
| 112,905171(4)
| 115,09(3)&nbsp;hri
| β+
| **<sup>113</sup>In**
| 1/2+
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 113mSn
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 77,386(19)&nbsp;keV
| rowspan=2|21,4(4)&nbsp;mnt
| IT (91,1%)
| 113Sn
| rowspan=2|7/2+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β+ (8,9%)
| **<sup>113</sup>In**
|-
| 114Sn
| style="text-align:right" | 50
| style="text-align:right" | 64
| 113,902779(3)
| colspan=3 align=center|**Stabil**
| 0+
| 0.0066(1)
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 114mSn
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3087,37(7)&nbsp;keV
| 733(14)&nbsp;ndtk 
|
|
| 7−
|
|
|-
| 115Sn
| style="text-align:right" | 50
| style="text-align:right" | 65
| 114,903342(3)
| colspan=3 align=center|**Stabil**
| 1/2+
| 0,0034(1)
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 115m1Sn
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 612,81(4)&nbsp;keV
| 3,26(8)&nbsp;µdtk
|
|
| 7/2+
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 115m2Sn
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 713,64(12)&nbsp;keV
| 159(1)&nbsp;µdtk
|
|
| 11/2−
|
|
|-
| 116Sn
| style="text-align:right" | 50
| style="text-align:right" | 66
| 115,901741(3)
| colspan=3 align=center|**Stabil**
| 0+
| 0,1454(9)
|
|-
| 117Sn
| style="text-align:right" | 50
| style="text-align:right" | 67
| 116,902952(3)
| colspan=3 align=center|**Stabil**
| 1/2+
| 0,0768(7)
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 117m1Sn
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 314,58(4)&nbsp;keV
| 13,76(4)&nbsp;hri
| IT
| **<sup>117</sup>Sn**
| 11/2−
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 117m2Sn
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2406,4(4)&nbsp;keV
| 1,75(7)&nbsp;µdtk
|
|
| (19/2+)
|
|
|-
| 118Sn
| style="text-align:right" | 50
| style="text-align:right" | 68
| 117,901603(3)
| colspan=3 align=center|**Stabil**
| 0+
| 0,2422(9)
|
|-
| 119Sn
| style="text-align:right" | 50
| style="text-align:right" | 69
| 118,903308(3)
| colspan=3 align=center|**Stabil**
| 1/2+
| 0,0859(4)
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 119m1Sn
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 89,531(13)&nbsp;keV
| 293,1(7)&nbsp;hri
| IT
| **<sup>119</sup>Sn**
| 11/2−
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 119m2Sn
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2127,0(10)&nbsp;keV
| 9,6(12)&nbsp;µdtk
|
|
| (19/2+)
|
|
|-
| 120Sn
| style="text-align:right" | 50
| style="text-align:right" | 70
| 119,9021947(27)
| colspan=3 align=center|**Stabil**
| 0+
| 0,3258(9)
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 120m1Sn
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2481,63(6)&nbsp;keV
| 11,8(5)&nbsp;µdtk
|
|
| (7−)
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 120m2Sn
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2902,22(22)&nbsp;keV
| 6,26(11)&nbsp;µdtk
|
|
| (10+)#
|
|
|-
| 121Sn
| style="text-align:right" | 50
| style="text-align:right" | 71
| 120,9042355(27)
| 27,03(4)&nbsp;jam
| β−
| **<sup>121</sup>Sb**
| 3/2+
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 121m1Sn
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 6,30(6)&nbsp;keV
| rowspan=2|43,9(5)&nbsp;thn
| IT (77,6%)
| 121Sn
| rowspan=2| 11/2−
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β− (22,4%)
| **<sup>121</sup>Sb**
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 121m2Sn
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1998,8(9)&nbsp;keV
| 5,3(5)&nbsp;µdtk
|
|
| (19/2+)#
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 121m3Sn
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2834,6(18)&nbsp;keV
| 0,167(25)&nbsp;µdtk
|
|
| (27/2−)
|
|
|-
| 122Sn
| style="text-align:right" | 50
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| 121,9034390(29)
| colspan=3 align=center|**Stabil Secara Pengamatan**
| 0+
| 0,0463(3)
|
|-
| 123Sn
| style="text-align:right" | 50
| style="text-align:right" | 73
| 122,9057208(29)
| 129,2(4)&nbsp;hri
| β−
| **<sup>123</sup>Sb**
| 11/2−
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 123m1Sn
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 24,6(4)&nbsp;keV
| 40,06(1)&nbsp;mnt
| β−
| **<sup>123</sup>Sb**
| 3/2+
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 123m2Sn
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1945,0(10)&nbsp;keV
| 7,4(26)&nbsp;µdtk
|
|
| (19/2+)
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 123m3Sn
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2153,0(12)&nbsp;keV
| 6&nbsp;µdtk
|
|
| (23/2+)
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 123m4Sn
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2713,0(14)&nbsp;keV
| 34&nbsp;µdtk
|
|
| (27/2−)
|
|
|-
| 124Sn
| style="text-align:right" | 50
| style="text-align:right" | 74
| 123,9052739(15)
| colspan=3 align=center|**Stabil Secara Pengamatan**
| 0+
| 0,0579(5)
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 124m1Sn
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2204,622(23)&nbsp;keV
| 0,27(6)&nbsp;µdtk
|
|
| 5-
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 124m2Sn
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2325,01(4)&nbsp;keV
| 3,1(5)&nbsp;µdtk
|
|
| 7−
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 124m3Sn
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2656,6(5)&nbsp;keV
| 45(5)&nbsp;µdtk
|
|
| (10+)#
|
|
|-
| 125Sn
| style="text-align:right" | 50
| style="text-align:right" | 75
| 124,9077841(16)
| 9,64(3)&nbsp;hri
| β−
| 125Sb
| 11/2−
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 125mSn
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 27,50(14)&nbsp;keV
| 9,52(5)&nbsp;mnt
| β−
| 125Sb
| 3/2+
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|126Sn
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 50
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 76
| rowspan=2|125,907653(11)
| rowspan=2|2,30(14) thn
| β− (66,5%)
| 126m2Sb
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β− (33,5%)
| 126m1Sb
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 126m1Sn
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2218,99(8)&nbsp;keV
| 6,6(14)&nbsp;µdtk
|
|
| 7−
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 126m2Sn
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2564,5(5)&nbsp;keV
| 7,7(5)&nbsp;µdtk
|
|
| (10+)#
|
|
|-
| 127Sn
| style="text-align:right" | 50
| style="text-align:right" | 77
| 126,910360(26)
| 2,10(4)&nbsp;jam
| β−
| 127Sb
| (11/2−)
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 127mSn
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 4,7(3)&nbsp;keV
| 4,13(3)&nbsp;mnt
| β−
| 127Sb
| (3/2+)
|
|
|-
| 128Sn
| style="text-align:right" | 50
| style="text-align:right" | 78
| 127,910537(29)
| 59,07(14)&nbsp;mnt
| β−
| 128Sb
| 0+
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 128mSn
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2091,50(11)&nbsp;keV
| 6,5(5)&nbsp;dtk
| IT
| 128Sn
| (7−)
|
|
|-
| 129Sn
| style="text-align:right" | 50
| style="text-align:right" | 79
| 128,91348(3)
| 2,23(4)&nbsp;mnt
| β−
| 129Sb
| (3/2+)#
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 129mSn
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 35,2(3)&nbsp;keV
| rowspan=2|6,9(1)&nbsp;mnt
| β− (99,99%)
| 129Sb
| rowspan=2|(11/2−)#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| IT (0,002%)
| 129Sn
|-
| 130Sn
| style="text-align:right" | 50
| style="text-align:right" | 80
| 129,913967(11)
| 3,72(7)&nbsp;mnt
| β−
| 130Sb
| 0+
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 130m1Sn
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1946,88(10)&nbsp;keV
| 1,7(1)&nbsp;mnt
| β−
| 130Sb
| (7−)#
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 130m2Sn
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2434,79(12)&nbsp;keV
| 1,61(15)&nbsp;µdtk
|
|
| (10+)
|
|
|-
| 131Sn
| style="text-align:right" | 50
| style="text-align:right" | 81
| 130,917000(23)
| 56,0(5)&nbsp;dtk
| β−
| 131Sb
| (3/2+)
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 131m1Sn
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 80(30)#&nbsp;keV
| rowspan=2|58,4(5)&nbsp;dtk
| β− (99,99%)
| 131Sb
| rowspan=2|(11/2−)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| IT (0,0004%)
| 131Sn
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 131m2Sn
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 4846,7(9)&nbsp;keV
| 300(20)&nbsp;ndtk
|
|
| (19/2− to 23/2−)
|
|
|-
| 132Sn
| style="text-align:right" | 50
| style="text-align:right" | 82
| 131,917816(15)
| 39,7(8)&nbsp;dtk
| β−
| 132Sb
| 0+
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|133Sn
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 50
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 83
| rowspan=2|132,92383(4)
| rowspan=2|1,45(3)&nbsp;dtk
| β− (99,97%)
| 133Sb
| rowspan=2|(7/2−)#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β−, n (0,0294%)
| 132Sb
|-
| rowspan=2|134Sn
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 50
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 84
| rowspan=2|133,92829(11)
| rowspan=2|1,050(11)&nbsp;dtk
| β− (83%)
| 134Sb
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β−, n (17%)
| 133Sb
|-
| rowspan=2|135Sn
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 50
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 85
| rowspan=2|134,93473(43)#
| rowspan=2|530(20)&nbsp;mdtk
| β−
| 135Sb
| rowspan=2|(7/2−)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β−, n
| 134Sb
|-
| rowspan=2|136Sn
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 50
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 86
| rowspan=2|135,93934(54)#
| rowspan=2|0,25(3)&nbsp;dtk
| β−
| 136Sb
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β−, n
| 135Sb
|-
| 137Sn
| style="text-align:right" | 50
| style="text-align:right" | 87
| 136,94599(64)#
| 190(60)&nbsp;mdtk
| β−
| 137Sb
| 5/2−#
|
|
|-
| 138Sn
| style="text-align:right" | 50
| style="text-align:right" | 88
| 137,951840(540)#
| 140 mdtk +30-20
| β−
| 138Sb
|
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 138mSn
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1344(2)&nbsp;keV
| 210(45)&nbsp;ndtk
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 139Sn
| style="text-align:right" | 50
| style="text-align:right" | 89
| 137,951840(540)#
| 130 mdtk
| β−
| 139Sb
|
|
|

## Timah-121m
**Timah-121m** adalah radioisotop sekaligus isomer nuklir timah dengan waktu paruh 43,9 tahun.

Dalam reaktor termal normal, ia memiliki hasil produk fisi yang sangat rendah; dengan demikian, isotop ini bukan penyumbang limbah nuklir yang signifikan. Fisi cepat atau fisi beberapa aktinida yang lebih berat akan menghasilkan 121mSn pada hasil yang lebih tinggi. Misalnya, hasil dari <sup>235</sup>U adalah 0,0007% per fisi termal dan 0,002% per fisi cepat.

## Timah-126

**Timah-126** adalah sebuah radioisotop timah dan salah satu dari tujuh produk fisi berumur panjang. Walaupun waktu paruh 126Sn selama 230.000 tahun yang berarti bahwa aktivitas spesifik radiasi gamanya rendah, produk peluruhannya yang berumur pendek, dua isomer <sup>126</sup>Sb, memancarkan radiasi gama sebesar 17 dan 40 keV dan partikel beta sebesar 3,67 MeV dalam perjalanannya menjadi <sup>126</sup>Te yang stabil, membuat paparan eksternal 126Sn menjadi perhatian potensial.

126Sn berada di tengah kisaran massa untuk produk fisi. Reaktor termal, yang membentuk hampir semua pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir saat ini, memproduksinya dengan hasil yang sangat rendah (0,056% untuk 235U), karena neutron lambat hampir selalu membelah <sup>235</sup>U atau <sup>239</sup>Pu menjadi bagian yang tidak sama. Fisi cepat dalam reaktor cepat atau senjata nuklir, atau fisi beberapa aktinida minor berat seperti kalifornium, akan menghasilkan hasil yang lebih tinggi.

## Referensi

* Massa isotop dari:
**
* Komposisi isotop dan massa atom standar dari:
**
**
* Data waktu paruh, spin, dan isomer dipilih dari sumber-sumber berikut.
**
**
**