Kematian bahasa

Dalam linguistik, **kematian bahasa** terjadi ketika suatu bahasa kehilangan penutur jati terakhir. Lebih lanjut lagi, **kepunahan bahasa** terjadi ketika bahasa itu tidak lagi diketahui, termasuk oleh penutur bahasa kedua. Istilah serupa yang lain termasuk **pembunuhan bahasa** atau **[[Diskriminasi bahasa|linguisida]]**, yang merupakan kematian bahasa dari sebab-sebab alamiah atau politik dan sebab **** yang jarang, yang merupakan penyerapan atau penggantian bahasa kecil dengan bahasa utama.

Kematian bahasa adalah suatu proses ketika tingkat kecakapan bahasa komunitas tutur dalam ragam bahasa mereka menurun, yang akhirnya mengakibatkan tidak adanya penutur jati atau fasih dari ragam bahasa tersebut. Kematian bahasa dapat memengaruhi bentuk bahasa apa pun, termasuk dialek-dialek. Kematian bahasa tidak seharusnya disamakan dengan penggerusan bahasa (juga disebut kehilangan bahasa), yang menggambarkan hilangnya kemahiran bahasa ibu seorang individu.

Pada zaman modern (kira-kira 1500 EU-sekarang; setelah kolonialisme muncul), kematian bahasa biasanya diakibatkan oleh proses asimilasi budaya yang mengarah pada peralihan bahasa dan ditinggalkannya bahasa ibu secara berangsur-angsur demi bahasa perantara asing yang sebagian besarnya merupakan bahasa negara-negara Eropa.

Pada tahun 2000-an, sejumlah lebih kurang 7.000 bahasa penutur jati ada di seluruh dunia. Sebagian besarnya adalah bahasa-bahasa kecil yang terancam punah. Satu perhitungan yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2004 memperkirakan bahwa sekitar 90% dari bahasa-bahasa yang dituturkan pada saat ini akan punah pada tahun 2050.

## Rujukan

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## Pranala luar
* Lost Tongues and the Politics of Language Endangerment
* Languages don't kill languages; speakers do
* Language endangerment: What have pride & prestige got to do with It?  (pdf)
* Language birth & death  (pdf)
* Globalization & the Myth of Killer Languages: What’s Really Going on?  (pdf)
* Wall Street Journal on language death
* International Symposium on "Linguistic Rights in the World: The current situation", United Nations, Geneva, 24 April 2008