Arman

**Arman** (17 November 1928 – 22 Oktober 2005) merupakan seorang seniman Amerika kelahiran Prancis. Ia terlahir sebagai **Armand Fernandez** di Nice, Prancis, Arman adalah seorang pelukis yang beralih dari menggunakan benda-benda untuk jejak tinta atau cat yang ditinggalkan ("cachet", "allures d'objet") untuk digunakan sebagai lukisan itu sendiri. Ia terkenal karena "akumulasi" dan penghancuran/komposisi ulang objek.

## Pameran dan penghargaan terpilih

### 1960-an
**1964** 
**Arman*, Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, Belanda
**Arman*, Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota

**1965** 
**Arman*, Museum Hans Lange, Krefeld, Jerman

**1966**
**Arman*, Palais de Beaux-Arts, Brussels, Belgia 
**Arman*, Musée de la Ville, Saint-Paul-de-Vence, Prancis

**1967** 
**Arman*, Palazzo Grassi, Venesia, Italia

**1969**
**Arman: Accummulations Renault* (pameran keliling):
**Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, Belanda;
**Musée des Arts Decoratifs, Paris, Prancis; 
**Louisiana Museum of Modern Art;
**Humlebaek, Denmark; 
**Kunsthalle, Berlin, Jerman; 
**Städtische Kunsthalle, Düsseldorf, Jerman;
**Moderna Museet, Stockholm, Sweden; 
**Städtische Kunstammlungen, Ludwigshafen, Jerman;
**Kunsthaus, Zürich, Swiss; 
**Amos Anderson Taidemuseo, Helsinki, Helsingfors, Finlandia
 
### 1970-an
**1970** 
**Arman*, Modern Art Museum, Stockholm, Swedia
 
**1974** 
**Arman*, Salles romanes du Cloître Saint-Trophime, Musée Réattu, Arles, Prancis
**Arman: Selected Works 1958-1974*, La Jolla Museum of Contemporary Art, California; *Fort Worth Art Museum, Texas
 
**1975** 
**Arman: Objets Armés 1971-1974*, Paris, Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, Prancis
 
**1976** 
**Arman*, Artcurial auction house, Paris, Prancis
 
**1977** 
**Arman: Paintings and Sculptures*, Ulrich Museum of Art, Wichita State University, Kansas
 
**1978** 
**Arman, Veranneman Foundation*, Kruishoutem, Belgia
 
**1979** 
**Arman: Rétrospective, Centre d'Art et de Culture*, Flaine, Prancis
 
### 1980-an
**1980**  
**Arman*, Veranneman Foundation, Kruishoutem, Belgia
 
**1981** 
**Arman*, Hessisches Landesmuseum, Darmstadt, Jerman
 
**1982** 
**Arman: Parade der Objekte: Retrospektive 1955-1982* (pameran keliling):
**Kunstmuseum, Sammlung Sprengel, Hanover, Jerman; 
**Hessisches Landesmuseum, Darmstadt, Jerman; 
**Tel Aviv Museum, Israel;
**Kunsthalle, Tübingen, Jerman; 
**Musée Picasso, Château Grimaldi, Antibes, Prancis; 
**Musée d'Art Contemporain Dunkerque, Prancis
 
**1984** 
**Arman o L’Oggetto come Alfabeto: Retrospettiva 1955-1984*, Museo Civico delle Belle Arti, Lugano, Swiss
**Arman*, Museo d'Arte Moderna, Parma, Italia
 
**1985** 
**Arman*, Seibu Museum of Art, Tokyo, Japan; Walker Hill Art Center, Seoul, Korea
**Arman Aujourd’hui*, Musée de Toulon, Prancis
 
**1986** 
**Arman: Retrospective*, Wichita State University, Ulrich Museum of Art, Kansas
*Arman, Veranneman Foundation, Kruishoutem, Belgia

### 1990-an
**1991** 
**Arman in Italy*, Fondazione Mudima, Milan, Italia
**Arman Sculpture*, Contemporary Sculpture Center, Tokyo, Jepang
**Arman: A Retrospective 1955 - 1991*, The Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, New York; The Detroit Institute of Art, Detroit, Michigan
 
**1992** 
**Il Giro di Arman*, Associazione Culturale Italo-Francese, Bologna, Italia
 
**1994** 
**Le Ceramica di Arman*, Museo Internazionale delle Ceramiche in Faenza, Faenze, Italia
 
**1995** 
**Arman, [[Musée Royal de Mariemont]]*, Mariemont-Chapelle, Belgia
 
**1996** 
**Arman: The Exhibition of International Sculpture Master*, Modern Art Gallery, Taichung, Taïwan
 
**1998** 
**Arman*, Musée du Jeu de Paume, Paris, Prancis
 
**1999** 
**Arman*, Tel Aviv Museum of Art, Israel
**Arman*, Museu de Arte Moderna do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Museu de Arte de São Paulo Assis Chateaubriand, São Paulo, Brasil
 
### Abad ke-21
**2000** 
**Arman–20 stations de l'objet*, Couvent des Cordeliers, Paris, Prancis
**Arman, Fundaciò "la Caixa,"* Barcelona, Spanyol
**Arman, la traversée des objets*, Palazzo delle Zitelle, Venesia, Italia
**Arman*, Museo de Monterrey, Meksiko
**Arman*, National Museum of History, Taipei, Taiwan
 
**2000-01** 
**Arman: Werke auf Papier*, Ludwig Museum, Coblenz, Jerman
 
**2001-02** 
**Arman: Through and Across Objects*, Boca Raton Museum of Art, Florida
 
**2002** 
**Arman: Works on Paper*, Villa Haiss Museum, Zell, Jerman

**2003** 
*Awarded 2003 Sport Artist of the Year, The American Sport Art Museum and Archives, United States Sports Academy, Daphne, Alabama
**Arman: Arman*, Museum of Contemporary Art of Teheran, Teheran, Iran
**Arman*, Marlborough Kota New York

**2004** 
*Omaggio ad Arman Arte Silva, Sergno
**Arman—Peinture*, Marlborough Monaco, Monako

**2005** 
**Hommage a Arman*, Galerie Anne Lettree, Paris

**2006** 
**Arman—Subida al Cielo*, Musée d' Art Moderne et d'Art Contemporain Nice, Prancis
**Arman—A Tribute to Arman*, Marlborough Gallery, New York
**Arman—No Comment*, Galerie Georges-Phillippe & Nathalie Vallois, Paris

**2008** 
**Arman*, Palazzo Bricherasio, Turin

**2010-2011** 
**Arman*, a retrospective, Centre Georges Pompidou, Okt. 2010, Paris
**Arman*, retrospective, Museum Tinguely, Feb. 2011, Basel, Swiss
**Arman-in les Baux de Provence*, Juli-Okt. 2011, Les Baux-de-Provence

**2013**
* *Cycles,* Paul Kasmin Gallery, New York

## Koleksi umum terpilih di Amerika Serikat
*Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, California
*Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington, D.C.
*Ulrich Museum of Art, Wichita, Kansas
*Harvard Art Museum, Cambridge, Massachusetts
*The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, Michigan
*Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
*Laumeier Sculpture Park, St. Louis, Missouri
*Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum, St. Louis, Missouri
*Saint Louis Art Museum, St. Louis, Missouri
*Everson Museum of Art, Syracuse, New York
*The Museum of Modern Art, New York
*Allen Art Museum, Oberlin College, Ohio
*Bellevue Art Museum, Bellevue, Washington
*Boca Raton Museum of Art, Boca Raton, Florida

## Pers terpilih
*Galenson, David, "Arman and the Art of the Object," ''Huffington Post,'' 01/25/11.
*Johnson, Ken, "Art in Review: Arman-- 'A Survey: 1954-2002'," ''The New York Times,'' 01/24/13.

## Buku tentang Arman
*Chalumeau, Jean-Luc and Pierre Restany (preface), *Arman: Shooting Colors*, Paris, France: Éditions de la Différence, Autre Musée/Grandes Monographies, 1989
*Kuspit, Donald. *Monochrome Accumulations 1986–1989*. Stockholm: A. H. Graphik, 1990
*Otmezguine, Jane and Marc Moreau, in collaboration with Corice Arman. *Estampes*. Paris: Éditions Marval, 1990
*Durand-Ruel, Denyse. *Arman - Vol. II: 1960 à 1962*. Paris: Éditions de la Différence, 1991
*Durand-Ruel, Denyse. *Arman - Vol. III: 1963 à 1965*. Paris: Éditions de la Différence, 1994
*Bouhours, Jean-Michel (director), *Arman* exhibition catalogue, Paris: Centre Georges Pompidou, 2010

## Referensi

## Pranala luar
*Arman original website
*Arman new site
*
*Arman in Artcyclopedia
*Foundation A.R.M.A.N. website
*Oral history interview with Arman, 1968 Apr. 22 from the Smithsonian Archives of American Art
*Arman in Les Baux de Provence (English)
*