Pembantaian Rumbula

**Pembantaian Rumbula** adalah sebuah istilah kolektif untuk insiden pada 30 November dan 8 Desember 1941, di mana sekitar 25.000 Yahudi dibantai di dalam atau pada perjalanan menuju hutan Rumbula dekat Riga, Latvia, pada masa Holocaust. Terkecuali the pembantaian Babi Yar di Ukraina, peristiwa tersebut adalah kejahatan Holocaust dua hari terbesar sampai operasi kamp-kamp kematian.

## Catatan

## Referensi

### Historiografi
*Anders, Edward, and Dubrovskis, Juris, "Who Died in the Holocaust?  Recovering Names from Official Records", Holocaust and Genocide Studies 17.1 (2003) 114-138
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*Bloxham, Donald, *Genocide on Trial; war crimes trials and the formation of Holocaust History and Memory*, Oxford University Press, New York NY 2001 
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*Dribins, Leo, Gūtmanis, Armands, and Vestermanis, Marģers, "Latvia's Jewish Community: History, Trajedy, Revival", Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Latvia
*Edelheit, Abraham J. and Edelheit, Hershel, *History of the Holocaust : A Handbook and Dictionary*, Westview Press,  Boulder, CO 1994 
*Eksteins, Modris, *Walking Since Daybreak: A story of Eastern Europe, World War II, and the Heart of our Century*, Houghton Mifflin, Boston 1999 .
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*Friedländer, Saul, ''The years of extermination : Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1939-1945'', New York, NY 2007 
*Hilberg, Raul, *[[The Destruction of the European Jews]]* (3d Ed.) Yale University Press, New Haven, CT 2003. 
*Hobrecht,Jürgen "We did survive it"- The Riga Ghetto. Documentary film, Berlin 2013, 98 Min. Outtakes: www.phoenix-medienakademie.com/Riga-survive
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*Klee, Ernst, Dressen, Willi, and Riess, Volker, eds., *The Good Old Days: The Holocaust as seen by its Perpetrators and Bystanders*, (English translation) MacMillan Free Press, NY 1991 
*Latvia Institute, The Holocaust in German-Occupied Latvia 
*Michelson, Frida, *I Survived Rumbuli*, Holocaust Library, New York, NY 1979 
*Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Latvia, Holocaust Remembrance - Rumbula Memorial Site Unveiled, December 2002 
*Press, Bernard, *The Murder of the Jews in Latvia*, Northwestern University Press, 2000 
*Reitlinger, Gerald, *The SS—Alibi of a Nation*, at 186, 282, Viking Press, New York, 1957 (Da Capo reprint 1989) 
*Roseman, Mark, *The Wannsee Conference and the Final Solution—A Reassessment*, Holt, New York, 2002 
*Rubenstein, Richard L., and Roth, John K., *Approaches to Auschwitz*, page 179, Louisville, Ky. : Westminster John Knox Press, 2003.  
* Scheffler, Wolfgang, "Zur Geschichte der Deportation jüdischer Bürger nach Riga 1941/1942", Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge e.V. – 23.05.2000
*Schneider, Gertrude, *Journey into terror: story of the Riga Ghetto*, (2d Ed.) Westport, Conn. : Praeger, 2001 
*Schneider, Gertrude, ed., *The Unfinished Road: Jewish Survivors of Latvia Look Back*, Praeger Publishers (1991) 
*Smith, Lyn, *Remembering: Voices of the Holocaust*, Carroll & Graf, New York 2005 
*Winter, Alfred, "Rumbula Viewed From The Riga Ghetto" from  ''The Ghetto of Riga and Continuance - A Survivor's Memoir '' 1998

### Bukti dan pengadilan kejahatan perang
*Brätigam, Otto, Memorandum dated 18 Dec. 1941, "Jewish Question re correspondence of 15 Nov. 1941" translated and reprinted in Office of the United States Chief of Counsel For Prosecution of Axis Criminality, *Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression*, Exhibit 3666-PS, Volume VII, pages 978–995, USGPO, Washington DC 1946 ("Red Series")
*Jeckeln, Friedrich, excerpts from minutes of interrogation, 14 December 1945 (Maj. Zwetajew, interrogator, Sgt. Suur, interpreter), pages 8–13, from the Historical State Archives, as reprinted in Fleming, *Hitler and the Final Solution*, at pages 95–100 (Portions of the Jeckeln interrogation are also available online at the Nizkor website ).
*Stahlecker, Franz W., "Comprehensive Report of Einsatzgruppe A Operations up to 15 October 1941", Exhibit L-180, translated in part and reprinted in Office of the United States Chief of Counsel For Prosecution of Axis Criminality, *Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression*, Volume VII, pages 978–995, USGPO, Washington DC 1946 ("Red Series")
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*''Trials of War Criminals before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law No. 10, Nuernberg, October 1946 - April 1949'', Volume IV, ("Green Series) (the "Einsatzgruppen case") also available at Mazel library (well indexed HTML version)

## Bacaan tambahan
*Katz, Josef, *One Who Came Back*, University of Wisconsin Press, (2nd Ed. 2006) 
*Iwens, Sidney, *How Dark the Heavens—1400 Days in the Grip of Nazi Terror*, Shengold Publishing (2d ed. 1990) 
* Michelson, Max, *City of Life, City of Death: Memories of Riga*, University Press of Colorado (2001) 

## Pranala luar

*The Holocaust in Latvia and Latvia's Jews Yesterday and Today
*Remembering Rumbula
*Killed in Rumbala forest
*Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Latvia, Holocaust Education, Research and Remembrance in Latvia, 16 Sept 2003 
*  Berliner Zeitung, Das Lange Warten des Abram Kit, 29 October 1997