Bencana kelaparan besar Tiongkok

**Bencana kelaparan besar Tiongkok** terjadi di Republik Rakyat Tiongkok pada 1958–1962. Bencana kelaparan ini disebabkan oleh pemimpin komunis yang berupaya untuk memaksa perubahan pada masyarakat. Sebagai bagian dari Lompatan Jauh ke Depan salah satunya adalah larangan akan kepemilikan tanah pribadi. Pemerintah merampas tanah-tanah milik petani pribadi pada 1958 dan membuatnya komunal untuk meningkatkan produksi pertanian. Selain itu Negeri Tirai Bambu ini juga tengah mengembangkan produksi besi dan baja. Jutaan petani dipekerjakan secara paksa.

China juga membuat kesalahan fatal dengan menerapkan metode penananam baru yakni bibit ditanam 3–5 meter di bawah tanah namun jaraknya berdekatan supaya peran tanah bisa dimaksimalkan dan lebih efisien. Namun pada praktiknya benih itu pertumbuhannya terganggu lantaran berdesakan. Kebijakan ini gagal. Ditambah dengan bencana banjir pada 1959 dan kekeringan tahun selanjutnya, ini memengaruhi bangsa China. Kelaparan ini menyebabkan 15–55 juta orang meninggal.

## Sumber
* http://m.merdeka.com/dunia/lima-peristiwa-kelaparan-paling-parah-sejagat/kelaparan-china-1958-1962.html

## Catatan dan referensi

### Catatan

### Referensi

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* Yang Jisheng. *Tombstone (Mu Bei - Zhong Guo Liu Shi Nian Dai Da Ji Huang Ji Shi).* Cosmos Books (Tian Di Tu Shu), Hong Kong 2008.
* Yang Jisheng. "Tombstone: An Account of Chinese Famine in the 1960s" (墓碑 － 中國六十年代大饑荒紀實 (Mubei – Zhongguo Liushi Niandai Da Jihuang Jishi), Hong Kong: Cosmos Books (Tiandi Tushu), 2008, ISBN 978-988-211-909-3 . By 2010, it was appearing under the title: 墓碑: 一九五八-一九六二年中國大饑荒紀實 (Mubei: Yi Jiu Wu Ba – Yi Jiu Liu Er Nian Zhongguo Da Jihuang Shiji) ("Tombstone: An Account of Chinese Famine From 1958–1962").
* Yang Jisheng. Tombstone: The Untold Story of Mao's Great Famine, Yang Jisheng, Translators: Stacy Mosher, Guo Jian, Publisher: Allen Lane (30 Oct 2012), ISBN 978-1-84614-518-6 (English Translation of the above work)
** Translated into English and abridged. Yang Jisheng, *Tombstone: The Great Chinese Famine, 1958-1962*, Farrar, Straus and Giroux (October 30, 2012), hardcover, 656 pages, ISBN 0-374-27793-1, ISBN 978-0-374-27793-2
* Official Chinese statistics, shown as a graph.