Menara benteng

**Keep** (dari bahasa Inggris Pertengahan *kype*) adalah sebuah jenis menara berbenteng yang dibangun dalam istana-istana pada Abad Pertengahan oleh kaum bangsawan Eropa. Para sarjana memperdebatkan lingkup kata *keep*, tetapi biasanya dianggap merujuk kepada menara-menara besar di istana-istana yang menjadi kediaman berbenteng, yang dipakai sebagai tempat pengungsian dari kediaman terakhir saat sisa-sisa istana jatuh dalam sebuah pergerakan. Keep-keep pertama dibuat dari kayu dan membentuk bagian penting dari istana berbenteng yang berdiri di Normandy dan Anjou pada abad ke-10; rancangannya tersebar ke Inggris akibat invasi Norman pada 1066, dan menyebar sampai Wales pada paruh kedua abad ke-11 dan ke Irlandia pada 1170an. Para penguasa Inggris-Norman dan Prancis mulai membangun keep-keep batu pada abad ke-10 dan ke-11; itu meliputi keep-keep Norma, dengan rancangan persegi atau persegi panjang, dan keep kerang melingkar. Keep-keep batu dianggap membawa pengaruh militer serta politik dan dapat dibangun selama satu dekade.

## Catatan

## Referensi

## Daftar pustaka

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