Joseph Dalton Hooker

**Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker**  (30 Juni 1817 – 10 Desember 1911) adalah salah satu botanis dan petualang terbaik Britania pada abad ke-19. Hooker adalah pendiri botani geografi, dan teman akrab Charles Darwin. Ia adalah Direktur Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, selama dua puluh tahun, untuk menggantikan ayahnya, William Jackson Hooker, dan mendapatkan penghargaan tertinggi ilmu pengetahuan Britania.

## Biografi

### Tahun-tahun awal
Hooker lahir di Halesworth, Suffolk, Inggris. Ia adalah putra kedua dari botanis terkenal Sir William Jackson Hooker, Profesor Regius Botani, dan Maria Sarah Turner, putri sulung dari banker Dawson Turner dan saudara ipar dari Francis Palgrave.

### Pernikahan dan anak
Pada tahun 1851 ia menikahi Frances Harriet Henslow (1825–1874), putri dari John Stevens Henslow. Mereka memiliki empat putra dan tiga putri:

* William Henslow Hooker (1853–1942)
* Harriet Anne Hooker (1854–1945) menikahi William Turner Thiselton-Dyer
* Charles Paget Hooker (1855–1933)
* Maria Elizabeth Hooker (1857–1863) meninggal pada usia 6 tahun.
* Brian Harvey Hodgson Hooker (1860–1932)
* Reginald Hawthorn Hooker (1867–1944) ahli statistik
* Grace Ellen Hooker (1868–1955)

Setelah istri pertama-nya wafat pada tahun 1874, pada tahun 1876 ia menikahi Hyacinth Jardine (1842–1921), putri dari William Samuel Symonds dan janda dari Sir William Jardine. Mereka memiliki dua putra:
* Joseph Symonds Hooker (1877–1940)
* Richard Symonds Hooker (1885–1950).

## Daftar pustaka
* 1844–1859: *Flora Antarctica: the botany of the Antarctic voyage*. 3 vols, 1844 (utama), 1853 (Selandia Baru), 1859 (Tasmania). Reeve, London.
* 1864–1867: *Handbook of the New Zealand flora*
* 1849: *Niger flora*
* 1849–1851: *The Rhododendrons of Sikkim-Himalaya*
* 1854: *Himalayan Journals, or notes of a naturalist, in Bengal, the Sikkim and Nepal Himalayas, Khasia Mountains ...*
* 1855: *Illustrations of Himalayan plants*
* 1855: *Flora indica*, bersama Thomas Thomson
* 1858: bersama George Bentham, *Handbook of the British flora*. ("Bentham & Hooker")
* 1859: *A century of Indian orchids*
* 1859: *Introductory Essay to the Flora of Australia*
* 1862–1883: bersama George Bentham, *Genera plantarum*
: 
* 1870; 1878: *The student's flora of the British Isles*. Macmillan, London.
* 1872–1897: *The Flora of British India*
: 
* 1898–1900: *Handbook to the Ceylon flora*
* 1904–1906: *An epitome to the British Indian species of Impatiens*

## Referensi

## Bacaan tambahan
* Huxley, Leonard 1918. *Life and Letters of Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker OM GCSI*. London, Murray.
* Turrill W.B. 1953. *Pioneer plant geography: the phytogeographical researches of Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker*. The Hague.
* Turrill W.B. 1959. *The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, past and present*. London.
* Turrill W.B. 1963. *Joseph Dalton Hooker: botanist, explorer and administrator*. Nelson, London.
* Allen, Mea 1967. *The Hookers of Kew 1785–1911*.
* Desmond, Ray 2006. *Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker: traveller and plant collector*. Antique Collectors Club, Suffolk.
* Endersby, Jim 2008. *Imperial nature: Joseph Hooker and the practices of Victorian science*. Chicago.
* 

## Pranala luar

* The Joseph Hooker Correspondence Project.  Hooker's letters from the Kew Gardens' archive available online.
* 

* Darwin-Hooker Correspondence Digitised version of Hooker's correspondence with Darwin on the Cambridge Digital Library
* Joseph Dalton Hooker Joseph Dalton Hooker's work on orchids
* "Hooker, Joseph Dalton (1817–1911)" ''Botanicus,'' Missouri Botanical Garden Library
* A website dedicated to J D Hooker
* 
** Gutenberg e-text of Hooker's Himalayan Journals
* Several scanned books at http://gallica.bnf.fr
* Works by Joseph Dalton Hooker at the Biodiversity Heritage Library
* Correspondence to Joseph Dalton Hooker as Director of The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew is being made available online through the Directors' Correspondence Project .