Rajatawa

***Striga***, atau secara lokal dikenal dengan **rajatawa** adalah marga (genus) tumbuhan yang mencakup sekelompok gulma parasit tanaman pangan Dalam pustaka berbahasa Inggris dikenal sebagai *witchweed* atau *witchers weed*. Tumbuhan ini ditemukan di Afrika, Asia, dan Australia, terutama di kawasan beriklim tropis. Beberapa jenisnya merupakan organisme pengganggu tanaman yang serius karena tidak sekadar menjadi parasit tetapi juga menyebabkan penyakit tanaman pangan, terutama di kawasan pertanian savanna Afrika. Sebagai pengganggu, *Striga* telah menyebar pula ke benua Amerika. *Striga* merupakan tumbuhan yang sangat diawasi penyebarannya oleh jawatan-jawatan karantina di seluruh dunia.

## Gangguan
Jagung, sorgum, dan tebu adalah tanaman yang paling sering terganggu oleh striga, bahkan dapat menimbulkan kerugian 100%, termasuk di Amerika Serikat. Di Afrika, striga menjadi salah satu pengganggu terpenting. Sekitar 40% lahan savanna Afrika yang dapat digarap terkena dampak striga, sehingga menyebabkan kerugian sampai 13 miliar dollar AS per tahun.

## Beberapa jenis

* *Striga asiatica* has a very wide geographic distribution, from Africa through southern and eastern Asia to Australia. Since the 1950s, it is also known from the United States. This introduction, likely a result of human activity, resulted in an infestation of corn (maize) across many counties in North and South Carolina. The United States Department of Agriculture and state agencies imposed a quarantine on this area to control its spread - a process that was apparently successful.
* *[[Striga gesnerioides]]*, cowpea witchweed, as its name implies, is a parasite of cowpea (*[[Vigna unguiculata]]*), which is not a grass, but a member of the legume family (Fabaceae or Leguminosae). This species was also accidentally introduced into Florida in the United States, where it was found parasitizing *[[Indigofera]]* *hirsuta* (hairy indigo, another legume).
* *[[Striga hermonthica]]* (purple witchweed) is also a parasite that affects grasses, particularly sorghum and pearl millet in sub-Saharan Africa (Senegal to Ethiopia, Democratic Republic of Congo and Tanzania, Angola, Namibia).
* *[[Striga aequinoctialis]]* West Africa
* *[[Striga angolensis]]* Angola
* *[[Striga angustifolia]]* East Africa, Asia, Indonesia
* *[[Striga asiatica]]* (Asiatic witchweed) Africa, Arabian peninsula, India, Burma, China, Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, New Guinea, Australia (introduced?), USA (introduced)
* *[[Striga aspera]]* Africa
* *[[Striga bilabiata]]* Africa
* *[[Striga brachycalyx]]* Africa.
* *[[Striga chrysantha]]* Central Africa
* *[[Striga dalzielii]]* West Africa
* *[[Striga elegans]]* Angola, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe
* *[[Striga forbesii]]* Africa, Madagascar
* *[[Striga gastonii]]* Chad, Central African Republic
* *[[Striga gesnerioides]]* (cowpea witchweed) Africa, Arabian peninsula, India, USA (introduced)
* *[[Striga gracillima]]* Tanzania
* *[[Striga hallaei]]* Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo
* *[[Striga hirsuta]]* Madagascar
* *[[Striga indica]]* India
* *[[Striga junodii]]* South Africa, Mozambique
* *[[Striga klingii]]* West Africa, Nigeria, Ghana, Cameroon, Togo
* *[[Striga latericea]]* East Africa, Ethiopia, Somalia
* *[[Striga lepidagathidis]]* Senegal, Guinea, Guinea Bissau
* *[[Striga lutea]]* Sudan, Ethiopia
* *[[Striga macrantha]]* West Africa, Nigeria, Ivory Coast, Togo
* *[[Striga passargei]]* West and Central Africa, Arabian peninsula
* *[[Striga pinnatifida]]* Ethiopia
* *[[Striga primuloides]]* Ivory Coast, Nigeria
* *[[Striga pubiflora]]* Somalia
* *[[Striga yemenica]]* Ethiopia

## Galeri


Image:Striga densiflora (Agya) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 9828.jpg|*[[Striga densiflora]]* in Hyderabad, India
Image:Striga densiflora (Agya) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 9826.jpg|*Striga densiflora* in Hyderabad
Image:Striga densiflora (Agya) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 9825.jpg|*Striga densiflora* in Hyderabad



## Lihat pula
* Push–pull technology

## Sources

## Bacaan lanjutan
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## Pranala luar
* The Parasitic Plant Connection: Striga Photo Gallery
* The Parasitic Plant Connection: Striga asiatica in the USA
* Witchweed
* UN Development Programme
* ''Striga'' research at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)
* Parasitic Plants as Weeds 
* Striga weed control with herbicide-coated maize seed, CIMMYT 
* A recipe for Striga control in sub-saharan Africa 
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* Facebook community page "Striga Research and Control"