Thomas F. Torrance

**Thomas Forsyth Torrance**, MBE FRSE (), yang umumnya disebut sebagai T. F. Torrance, adalah seorang teolog Protestan Skotlandia. Torrance menjabat selama 27 tahun sebagai Profesor Dogmatik Kristen di Universitas Edinburgh dan New College, Edinburgh. Ia paling dikenal karena karyanya dalam studi sains dan teologi, tetapi ia juga berpegang pada teologi sistematis. Saat ia menulis beberapa buku dan artikel yang mengedepankan studi teologinya, ia juga menyunting terjemahan dari beberapa ratus tulisan teologi ke dalam bahasa Inggris dari bahasa lainnya, termasuk terjemahan Inggris dari *[[Dogmatik Gereja]]* yang berisi tiga belas volume dan enam juta kata karya teolog Swiss Karl Barth, serta tanggapan-tanggapan Perjanjian Baru buatan Yohanes Calvin. Ia juga anggota dari keluarga Torrance.

Torrance dikenal sebagai salah satu teolog berbahasa Inggris paling signifikan pada abad kedua puluh, dan pada 1978, ia meraih Penghargaan Templeton. Torrance mencurahkan seluruh hidupnya menjadi gerejawan dengan menjabat sebagai pendeta dalam Gereja Skotlandia. Ia merupakan tokoh penting dalam pengembangan perjanjian bersejarah antara Gereja Reformed dan Ortodoks Timur tentang doktrin Tritunggal saat sebuah pernyataan bersama tentang perjanjian doktrin tersebut dikeluarkan antara Aliansi Gereja-gereja Reformed Dunia dan Gereja Ortodoks pada 13 Maret 1991. Ia pensiun dari Universitas Edinburgh pada 1979, tetapi terkadang masih membuat ceramah dan melakukan publikasi. Beberapa buku berpengaruh tentang Tritunggal diterbitkan setelah ia pensiun: *The Trinitarian Faith: The Evangelical Theology of the Ancient Catholic Church* (1988); *Trinitarian Perspectives: Toward Doctrinal Agreement* (1994); dan *The Christian Doctrine of God, One Being Three Persons* (1996).

## Karya besar

* *The Doctrine of Grace in the Apostolic Fathers*. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, 1948
* *Calvin’s Doctrine of Man*. London: Lutterworth Press, 1949.
* *Kingdom and Church: A Study in the Theology of the Reformation*, Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, 1956.
* Coedited with G.W. Bromiley: Karl Barth, *Church Dogmatics* I/2 *The Doctrine of the Word of God. Prolegomena*, Part 2, translated by G.T. Thomson and H. Knight. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1956.
* Coedited with G.W. Bromiley: Karl Barth, *Church Dogmatics* IV/1 *The Doctrine of Reconciliation*, Part I, translated by G.W. Bromiley. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1956.
* *When Christ Comes and Comes Again*. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1957.
* Coedited with G.W. Bromiley: Karl Barth, *Church Dogmatics* II/1, *The Doctrine of God*, translated by T.H.L. Parker, W.B. Johnston, H.Knight and J.L.M. Haire. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1957.
* Coedited with G.W. Bromiley: Karl Barth, *Church Dogmatics* II/2, *The Doctrine of God*, translated by G.W. Bromiley, J.C. Campbell, I. Wilson, J. Strathern McNab, H. Knight and R.A. Stewart. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1957.
* Coedited with G.W. Bromiley: Karl Barth, *Church Dogmatics* III/1, *The Doctrine of Creation*, Part 1, translated by J.W. Edwards, O. Bussey and H. Knight. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1958.
* Coedited with G.W. Bromiley: Karl Barth, *Church Dogmatics* IV/2, Part 2, *The Doctrine of Reconciliation*, translated by G.W. Bromiley. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1958.
* *The Apocalypse Today*. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1959.
* *Conflict and Agreement in the Church, I: Order and Disorder*. London: Lutterworth Press, 1959.
* Coedited with G.W. Bromiley: Karl Barth, *Church Dogmatics* III/2. *The Doctrine of Creation*, Part 2, Translated by H. Knight, J.K.S. Reid, G.W. Bromiley and R.H. Fuller. Edinburgh, T&T Clark, 1960.
* Coedited with G.W. Bromiley: Karl Barth, *Church Dogmatics* III/3. *The Doctrine of Creation*, Part 3, Translated by G.W. Bromiley and R. Ehrlich. Edinburgh, T&T Clark, 1960.
* "Justification: Its Radical Nature and Place in Reformed Doctrine and Life," SJT 13 (1960) 240.
* *Conflict and Agreement in the Church, II: The Ministry and Sacraments of the Gospel*. London: Lutterworth Press, 1960.
* *Karl Barth: an Introduction to his Early Theology, 1910-1931*. London: SCM Press; New York: Harper & Row, 1962.
* "Scientific Hermeneutics according to St. Thomas Aquinas." The Journal of Theological Studies XIII.2 (October, 1962): 259-89.
* Coedited with D.W. Torrance, *Calvin's Commentaries, The Second Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Corinthians*, translated by T.A. Smail. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd; Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1964.
* *Theology in Reconstruction*. London: SCM Press Ltd, 1965.
* Coedited with D.W. Torrance, *Calvin's Commentaries, The Epistles of Paul the Apostle to the Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians and Colossians*, translated by T.H.L Parker. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd; Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1965.
* Coedited with D.W. Torrance, *Calvin's Commentaries, The Acts of the Apostles 14-26*, translated by J.W. Fraser. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd; Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1966.
* Coedited with D.W. Torrance, *Calvin's Commentaries, A Harmony of the Gospels: Matthew, Mark and Luke*, 3 vols. Vols 1 and 3 translated by A.W. Morrison and vol. 2 translated by T.H.L. Parker. Edinburgh: Saint Andrew Press, 1972; Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1968.
* *Space, Time and Incarnation*. London: Oxford University Press, 1969
* *Theological Science*. London: Oxford University Press, 1969.
* "The Problem of Natural Theology in the Thought of Karl Barth." *[[Religious Studies (journal)|Religious Studies]]* 6 (1970): 121-35.
* *God and Rationality*. London: Oxford University Press, 1971.
* "The Relation of the Incarnation to Space in Nicene Theology," *The Ecumenical World of Orthodox Civilization: Russia and Orthodoxy*. vol. 3. (*Essays in Honor of Georges Florovsky*) ed. Andrew Blane. Paris: Mouton, 1974.
* *Theology in Reconciliation: Essays towards Evangelical and Catholic Unity in East and West*. London: Geoffrey Chapman, 1975.
* "Toward Ecumenical Consensus on the Trinity," *Theologische Zeitschrift* 31 (1975) 337-50.
* *Space, Time and Resurrection*. Edinburgh: Handsel Press, 1976
* *The Ground and Grammar of Theology*. Charlottesville: The University Press of Virginia, 1980.
* *Christian Theology and Scientific Culture,* vol. 1 of series, *Theology and Scientific Culture,* edited with General Forward by Torrance. New Edition. Belfast: Christian Journals; New York: Oxford University Press, 1981
* *Divine and Contingent Order*. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1981.
* *The Incarnation: Ecumenical Studies in the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed*. Edinburgh: The Handsel Press, 1981.
* *Reality and Evangelical Theology*. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1982.
* *A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field*, James Clerk Maxwell, edited by Torrance, Scottish Academic Press, February 1983, ISBN 0-7073-0324-9
* "The Deposit of Faith." The Scottish Journal of Theology 36.1 (1983): 1-28.
* *Transformation & Convergence in the Frame of Knowledge: Explorations in the Interrelations of Scientific and Theological Enterprise*. Belfast: Christian Journals; Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans, 1984.
* *The Christian Frame of Mind*. Edinburgh: Handsel Press, 1985
* *Reality and Scientific Theology* . The Margaret Harris Lectures, Dundee, 1970 (*Theology and Science at the Frontiers of Knowledge, vol 1*). Edinburgh: Scottish University Press, 1985
* "My Interaction with Karl Barth." In *How Karl Barth Changed My Mind*, edited by Donald K. McKim, 52-64. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans, 1986.
* "Karl Barth and Patristic Theology," in *Theology Beyond Christendom: Essays on the Centenary of the Birth of Karl Barth May 10, 1986*. ed. John Thompson. Allison Park, PA: Pickwich, 1986, 215-39.
* "Theological Realism." In *The Philosophical Frontiers of Christian Theology: Essays Presented to D. M. MacKinnon*. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982, 169-96.
* *The Hermeneutics of John Calvin*. Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, 1988.
* *The Trinitarian Faith: The Evangelical Theology of the Ancient Catholic Church*. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1988.
* *Karl Barth, Biblical and Evangelical Theologian*. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1990.
* *The Mediation of Christ*. Colorado Springs: Helmers & Howard, 1992.
* *Royal Priesthood: A Theology of Ordained Ministry*. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1993.
* Ed. Theological Dialogue Between Orthodox and Reformed Churches, 2 Vols. Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, 1985-1993.
* *Trinitarian Perspectives: Toward Doctrinal Agreement*. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1994.
* *Preaching Christ Today: The Gospel and Scientific Thinking*. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1994.
* *Divine Meaning: Studies in Patristic Hermeneutics*. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1995.
* "The Uniqueness of Divine Revelation and the Authority of the Scriptures: The Creed Associations's Statement." *[[Scottish Bulletin of Evangelical Theology]]* 13 (Aut. 1995): 97-101.
* *The Christian Doctrine of God, One Being Three Persons*. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1996.
* *Kingdom and Church: A Study in the Theology of the Reformation*. Eugene, Oregon: Wipf and Stock, 1996.
* *Scottish Theology: From John Knox to John McLeod Campbell*. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1996.
* *Theological and Natural Science*. Eugene, Oregon: Wipf and Stock, 2002.
* *The Doctrine of Jesus Christ*. Eugene Oregon: Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2002.
* *Incarnation: The Person and Life of Christ*. Edited by Robert T. Walker. Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press, 2008.
* *Atonement: The Person and Work of Christ*. Edited by Robert T. Walker. Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press, 2009.

## Catatan

## Referensi

* Elmer M. Colyer, ed. (2002). *The Promise of Trinitarian Theology: Theologians in Dialogue with T. F. Torrance*. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
* I. John Hesselink (1984). "A Pilgrimage in the School of Christ: An Interview with T.F. Torrance," Reformed Review 38, No. 1, Autumn 1984.
* Alister E. McGrath (1999). *T. F. Torrance: An Intellectual Biography*. Edinburgh: T&T Clark.
* Donald K. McKim, ed. (1986). *How Karl Barth Changed My Mind*. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans.
* Paul D. Molnar (2009). *Thomas F. Torrance: Theologian of the Trinity*. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing Company.
* 
* Thomas F. Torrance (1962). *Theological Science*. New York: Oxford University Press.
* Thomas F. Torrance, ed. (1985). *Theological Dialogue Between Orthodox and Reformed Churches*, 2 vols. Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press.
* Thomas F. Torrance (1990). *Karl Barth, Biblical and Evangelical Theologian*. Edinburgh: T&T Clark.
* Thomas F. Torrance (1996). *Conflict and Agreement in the Church, Vol. I, Order and Disorder*, Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock.
* David. F. Wright and Gary D. Badcock, eds. (1996). *Disruption to Diversity: Ediburgh Divinity 1846-1996*, Edinburgh: T&T Clark.

## Bacaan tambahan

* Elmer M. Colyer. *How to Read T. F. Torrance: Understanding His Trinitarian & Scientific Theology*. Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press, 2001.
* Elmer M. Colyer, ed. *The Promise of Trinitarian Theology: Theologians in Dialogue with T. F. Torrance*. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2002.
* David Fergusson. "Torrance, Thomas Forsyth (1913-2007)", *Oxford Dictionary of National Biography*, Oxford University Press, Jan 2011.
* Myk Habets. *Theosis in the Theology of Thomas F. Torrance* (Ashgate New Critical Thinking in Religion, Theology, and Biblical Studies). Farnham, UK: Ashgate, 2009.
* Kye Won Lee. *Living in Union With Christ: The Practical Theology of Thomas F. Torrance*. New York: Peter Lang Publishing, 2003.
* Tapio Luoma. 'Thomas F. Torrance' in *[[The Blackwell Companion to Science and Christianity]]* J.B. Stump and Alan G. Padgett (eds.). Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012.
* Alister E. McGrath. *Thomas F. Torrance: An Intellectual Biography*. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1999.
* Paul D. Molnar. *Thomas F. Torrance: Theologian of the Trinity*. Farnham, UK: Ashgate, 2009.
* Richardson, Kurt. *Trinitarian Reality. The Interrelation Between Uncreated and Created Being in the Thought of Thomas Forsyth Torrance*. Dissertation, University of Basel, 1993.

## Pranala luar
* The Thomas F. Torrance Manuscript Collection at Princeton Theological Seminary 
* Obituary in ''The Times'', 11 December 2007
* The Boston Collaborative Encyclopedia of Modern Western Theology
* TF Torrance Theological Fellowship
* T F Torrance Scholarship (University of Edinburgh) 
* TF Torrance Audio Lectures (mp3)
* Eastern Orthodox-Reformed dialogue, Kappel-am-Albis, Switzerland, March 1992 ''Agreed Statement on the Holy Trinity'' (pdf)