Nodus Ranvier

**Nodus Ranvier** adalah bagian atau titik pada akson yang tidak terbungkus selubung mielin. Nodus Ranvier memiliki diameter sekitar 1 mikrometer. Nodus Ranvier ditemukan oleh Louis-Antoine Ranvier. dan ziza Selubung mielin berfungsi sebagai pelindung akson dan membungkusnya, tetapi selubung ini tidak membungkus secara keseluruhan, dan yang tidak terbungkus merupakan Nodus Ranvier. Nodus Ranvier berfungsi untuk mempercepat impuls saraf.

## Referensi

### Sumber utama
* 1. Barbara, J.G. (2005). Les étranglements annulaires de Louis Ranvier (1871). *Lettre des Neurosciences* 28:3–5.
* 2. Salzer, J. L. (1997). Clustering sodium channels at the node of Ranvier: close encounters of the axon-glia kind. *Neuron* 18,843.846.
* 3. M.R. Kaplan, M.H. Cho, E.M. Ullian, L.L. Isom, S.R. Levinson and B.A. Barres, Differential control of clustering of the sodium channels Na(v)1.2 and Na(v)1.6 at developing CNS nodes of Ranvier. *Neuron* 30 (2001), pp.&nbsp;105–119.
* 4. Black, J.A., Sontheimer, H., Oh, Y., and Waxman, S.G. (1995). ***In The Axon***, S. Waxman, J. Kocsis, and P. Stys, eds. (New York: Oxford University Press), pp.&nbsp;116–143.
* 5. Uzmman, B. G. & Nogueira-Graf, G. (1957). Electron microscope studies of the formation of nodes of Ranvier in mouse sciatic nerves. *Journal of Biophysical and Biochemical Cytology* 3, 589.597.
* 6. Boiko T, Rasband MN, Levinson SR, Caldwell JH, Mandel G, Trimmer JS, et al. Compact myelin dictates the differential targeting of two sodium channel isoforms in the same axon. *Neuron* 2001;30:91–104.
* 7. Lambert S, Davis JQ, Bennett V. Morphogenesis of the node of Ranvier: co-clusters of ankyrin and ankyrin-binding integral proteins define early developmental intermediates. *Journal of Neuroscience*, 1997;17:7025–7036.
* 8. Einheber S, Bhat MA, Salzer JL. Disrupted Axo-Glial Junctions Result in Accumulation of Abnormal Mitochondria at Nodes of Ranvier. *Neuron Glia Biology*, 2006 Aug; 2(3):165-174.
* 9. Voas MG, Lyons DA, Naylor SG, Arana N, Rasband MN, Talbot WS. alphaII-spectrin is essential for assembly of the nodes of Ranvier in myelinated axons. *Current Biology*, 2007 Mar 20;17(6):562-8.
* 10. Fry, C.Action potential and nervous conduction. *Surgery* (Oxford), Volume 23, Issue 12, Pages 425-429.

### Sumber umum
* Dugandzija-Novakovic, S., Koszowski, A.G., Levinson, S.R. and Shrager, P. (1995). Clustering of Na+ channels and node of Ranvier formation in remyelinating axons. *Journal of Neuroscience* 15, 492.503.
* Dzhashiashvili Y, Zhang Y, Galinska J, Lam I, Grumet M, Salzer JL. Nodes of Ranvier and axon initial segments are ankyrin G-dependent domains that assemble by distinct mechanisms. *Journal of Cell Biology*, 2007 Jun 4; 177(5):857-70.
* Eftekharpour E, Karimi-Abdolrezaee S, Wang J, El Beheiry H, Morshead C, Fehlings MG. Myelination of congenitally dysmyelinated spinal cord axons by adult neural precursor cells results in formation of nodes of Ranvier and improved axonal conduction. *Journal of Neuroscience*, 2007 Jun 20; 27(25):6605-6.
* ELFVIN, L.-G. (1961). The ultrastructure of the nodes of Ranvier in cat sympathetic nerve fibers. *Journal of Ultrastructure Research* 5, 374.387.
* ELLISMAN M. H. (1979). Molecular specializations of the axon membrane at nodes of Ranvier are not dependent upon myelination. *Journal of Neurocytology* 8, 719.735.
* Martínez-Gómez A, Dent MA. Expression of IP3 receptor isoforms at the nodes of Ranvier in rat sciatic nerve. *Neuroreport*, 2007 Mar 26; 18(5):447-50.
* Nie DY, Ma QH, Law JW, Chia CP, Dhingra NK, Shimoda Y, Yang WL, Gong N, Chen QW, Xu G, Hu QD, Chow PK, Ng YK, Ling EA, Watanabe K, Xu TL, Habib AA, Schachner M, Xiao ZC. Oligodendrocytes regulate formation of nodes of Ranvier via the recognition molecule OMgp. *Journal of Neuron Glia Biology*, 2006;2:151-164.
* PETERS, A. (1966). The node of Ranvier in the central nervous system. Quarterly *Journal of Experimental Physiology* 51, 229.236.
* RAINE, C. S. (1984). On the association between perinodal astrocytic processes and the node of Ranvier in the C.N.S. *Journal of Neurocytology* 13, 21.27.
* RANVIER, L.-A. (1871). Contributions a lOhistologie et a la physiologie des nerf peripheriques. *Comptes Rendus del OAcademie Sciences* (Paris) 73, 1168.1171.
* ROBERTSON, J. D. (1957). The ultrastructure of nodes of Ranvier in frog nerve fibres. *Journal of Physiology* (London)137, 8p.9p.
* ROBERTSON, J. D. (1959a). Preliminary observations on the ultrastructure of nodes of Ranvier. *Zeitschrift fur Zellforschung und mikroskopische Anatomie* 50, 553.560.
* ZAGOREN, J. C. & FEDOROFF, S. (1984). ***The Node of Ranvier***. Orlando: Academic Press.
* Zalc, B. Do Action Potentials Regulate Myelination? *The Neuroscientist*, Vol. 6, No. 1, 5-13 (2000).

## Pranala luar
* Nodes of Ranvier (The Band)