Kartu Octopus

**Kartu Octopus** adalah sebuah kartu pintar nirkontak isi ulang yang digunakan untuk melakukan pembayaran elektronik dalam sistem *online* atau *offline* di Hong Kong. Awalnya diluncurkan pada September 1997 untuk mengumpulkan biaya pembayaran sistem angkutan massal kota tersebut, sistem kartu Octopus telah berkembang menjadi sistem pembayaran yang digunakan secara luas tak hanya untuk transportasi di Hong Kong tetapi juga untuk pembayaran di toko kelontong, supermarket, restoran siap saji, meteran parkir, tempat parkir, dan tempat lainnya seperti pom bensin dan mesin penjual. Bahkan beberapa organisasi sosial menerima sumbangan melalui kartu ini. Cara melakukan pembayaran dengan kartu ini yaitu meletakkan kartu di dekat pembaca kartu dan sebuah bunyi akan memastikan bahwa pembayaran telah diterima. Kartu dapat diisi ulang di mesin isi-ulang di *subway* dan stasiun kereta, di toko seperti 7-Eleven, Wellcome, dan Circle K, atau melalui kartu kredit dan rekening bank.

Octopus telah menjadi sistem pembayaran elektronik paling sukses sedunia, dengan sekitar 14 juta kartu Octopus dalam sirkulasi (dua kali populasi Hong Kong), 10 juta transaksi per hari, 420 pedagang, dan 50.000 prosesor. Pengoperasi kartu Octopus ini adalah Octopus Cards Limited, sebuah kerja sama antara MTR Corporation dan penyedia transportasi lainnya di Hong Kong seperti KCR, KMB, dan Citybus. Anak perusahaan Octopus, Octopus Knowledge Limited, telah memenangi kontrak sistem seperti Octopus ke Belanda.

Kartu Octopus adalah sistem kartu pintar nirkontak kedua di dunia, setelah Upass Korea. Sistem ini memenangkan Chairman's Award pada World Information Technology and Services Alliance's 2006 Global IT Excellence Awards, antara lain, karena menjadi sistem pengumpulan tarif otomatis kompleks dan sistem pembayaran kartu pintar nirkontak yang terkemuka di dunia. Keberhasilannya mendorong pengembangan sistem serupa di tempat lain, termasuk kartu Navigo di Paris, kartu Oyster di London, kartu Opal di New South Wales, dan NETS FlashPay dan EZ-Link di Singapura.

## Lihat pula

* Mondex, Visa Cash dan Mon€o
* Kartu Oyster
* Suica
* OV-chipkaart
* EZ-Link
* Transportasi di Hong Kong
* Uang elektronik

## Referensi



**Koran**
* *Octopus wins on cash card usage; MasterCard, Visa give up on Hong Kong Market*, *[[Hong Kong iMail]]*, 1 February 2002.
* *[http://www.southcn.com/news/dishi/shenzhen/ttxw/200501190142.htm Connecting fare systems in Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Hong Kong]*. *[[Nanfang Daily]]*, 19 January 2005. (News report in Chinese). Retrieved 1 February 2004.
* *[http://www.hkcd.com.hk/20031108/ca618359.htm Extending Octopus to Shenzhen] *. *[[Hong Kong Commercial Daily]]*, 8 November 2003. (News report in Chinese). Retrieved 1 February 2004.
* *[http://www.siliconvalley.com/mld/siliconvalley/4594409.htm Cash cards rule, change is passé in Hong Kong] *. Dan Gillmor, Mercury News, 24 November 2002.

**Penelitian**
* *[http://www.code.auckland.ac.nz/e-comWorkshop/work%5CAn%20arms%20length%20evaluation%20of%20Octopus.pdf An Arms Length Evaluation of Octopus] *. By John Paynter and Patrick Law, University of Auckland working paper.
* *[http://www.sociology.ed.ac.uk/finance/Papers/Siu_Octopus.pdf Working paper. Octopus and Mondex - the Social Shaping of Money] *. Lucia Siu, University of Edinburgh working paper. April 2002.
* The Octopus System - The Hong Kong Mass Transit System . World Bank presentation from MTR. Retrieved 1 February 2004.
* Hong Kong Smart Card System . World Bank presentation. Retrieved 1 February 2004.

**Dari homepage kartu Octopus**
* Press release on Nokia Octo-phone . From Octopus cards homepage. Retrieved 1 February 2004.
* Special limited edition 2004 Octopus card . From Octopus cards homepage. Retrieved 1 February 2004.
* Architecture of the "central clearing house system" . From Octopus cards homepage. Retrieved 1 February 2004.

**Referensi lainnya**
* NTT DoCoMo and Sony team up on contactless smart cards for mobile phones *Computer Weekly*, 28 October 2003. Retrieved 1 February 2004.
* ERG Group FY2004 annual report . Retrieved 1 February 2004.
* Granting of authorisation to Creative Star Limited as a deposit-taking company Hong Kong Monetary Authority press release, 25 April 2000. Retrieved 1 February 2004.
* Mondex press release citing failure in Hong Kong . (Chinese only). Retrieved 1 February 2004.
* Modern Computer press release on cooperation with MTR  From the homepage of Shenzhen Modern Computer, the provider of automatic fare collection systems to Shenzhen Metro. Retrieved 1 February 2004.
* Where to focus RFID privacy concerns . By Peter Winer, Big Chief Partners, Inc. Retrieved 1 February 2004.
* Question on Octopus card reserve fares. From the homepage of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, 21 May 2003. Retrieved 1 February 2004.
* Case study from the RFID Knowledgebase. Retrieved 1 February 2004.


## Informasi lebih lanjut
* List of Octopus operated parking meters in Hong Kong . From the homepage of the Transport Department of the Government of Hong Kong. Retrieved 1 February 2004.

::As of 21 November 2004, all metered parking spaces in Hong Kong use Octopus, and the Transport Department's 13 multi-storey car parks no longer accept e-Park cards. Also, many of Hong Kong's parking lots no longer accept cash payments at the shroff's office; you must pay by Octopus card or credit card as you exit.

## Pranala luar
* octopuscard.com
* Sony FeliCa homepage
* ERG Group homepage
* KonicaMinolta photocopy machines with Octopus cards
* East-West Consortium (the Netherlands) 

**Octopus Automatic Add Value Service**
* HSBC