Bing Crosby

**Harry Lillis** "**Bing**" **Crosby Jr.** (3 Mei 1903&nbsp;– 14 Oktober 1977) adalah seorang penyanyi dan aktor Amerika. Bintang multimedia pertama, ia adalah salah satu artis musik paling populer dan berpengaruh di abad ke-20 di seluruh dunia. Crosby merupakan pemimpin dalam penjualan rekaman, rating radio jaringan, dan pendapatan kotor film dari tahun 1926 hingga 1977. Ia merupakan salah satu ikon budaya global pertama. Crosby membuat lebih dari 70 film layar lebar dan merekam lebih dari 1.600 lagu.

Awal karier Crosby bertepatan dengan inovasi rekaman yang memungkinkannya mengembangkan gaya bernyanyi intim yang memengaruhi banyak penyanyi pria yang mengikutinya, seperti Frank Sinatra, Perry Como, Dean Martin, Dick Haymes, Elvis Presley, dan John Lennon. Majalah ''Yank'' mengatakan bahwa Crosby adalah "orang yang telah melakukan hal terbesar untuk meningkatkan moral prajurit di luar negeri" selama Perang Dunia II. Pada tahun 1948, jajak pendapat Amerika menyatakan dia sebagai "orang paling dikagumi saat ini", mengalahkan Jackie Robinson dan Paus Pius XII. Pada tahun 1948, *Music Digest* memperkirakan bahwa rekaman Crosby mengisi lebih dari setengah dari 80.000 jam mingguan yang dialokasikan untuk rekaman musik radio di Amerika.

Crosby memenangkan Academy Award untuk Aktor Terbaik untuk penampilannya dalam *[[Going My Way]]* (1944) dan dinominasikan untuk sekuelnya, *[[The Bells of St. Mary's]]* (1945), beradu dengan Ingrid Bergman, menjadi aktor pertama dari enam aktor yang dinominasikan dua kali untuk memerankan karakter yang sama. Crosby menjadi atraksi box office nomor satu selama lima tahun berturut-turut dari tahun 1944 hingga 1948. Pada puncak kariernya di layar lebar pada tahun 1946, Crosby membintangi tiga dari lima film terlaris tahun itu: *The Bells of St. Mary's*, *[[Blue Skies (1946 film)|Blue Skies]]*, dan *[[Road to Utopia]]*. Pada tahun 1963, ia menerima Grammy Global Achievement Award yang pertama. Crosby adalah salah satu dari 33 orang yang memiliki tiga bintang di Hollywood Walk of Fame, dalam kategori film, radio, dan rekaman audio. Ia juga dikenal karena kolaborasinya dengan temannya Bob Hope, membintangi film *[[Road to ...]]* dari tahun 1940 hingga 1962.

Crosby memengaruhi perkembangan industri rekaman pasca-Perang Dunia II. Setelah melihat demonstrasi perekam pita reel-to-reel berkualitas siaran Jerman yang dibawa ke Amerika Serikat oleh John T. Mullin, Crosby menginvestasikan $50.000 di perusahaan elektronik California Ampex untuk membuat salinan. Ia kemudian membujuk ABC untuk mengizinkannya merekam acaranya dan menjadi artis pertama yang melakukan prarekaman pada acara radionya dan menyimpan rekaman komersialnya ke dalam pita magnetik. Crosby telah dikaitkan dengan musim Natal sejak ia membintangi film musikal Irving Berlin ''Holiday Inn'' dan juga bernyanyi "White Christmas" di dalam film dengan nama yang sama. Melalui rekaman audio, Crosby memproduksi program radionya dengan alat dan keterampilan penyutradaraan yang sama (penyuntingan, pengambilan ulang, latihan, penggeseran waktu) yang digunakan dalam produksi film, sebuah praktik yang menjadi standar industri. Selain karyanya dengan rekaman pita audio awal, Crosby membantu mendanai pengembangan pita video, membeli stasiun televisi, membesarkan kuda balap, dan merupakan salah satu pemilik tim bisbol Pittsburgh Pirates, di mana tim tersebut memenangkan dua World Series (1960 dan 1971).

## Filmografi
### Utama

* *[[King of Jazz|The King of Jazz]]* (1930)
* *Reaching for the Moon* (1930)
* *Confessions of a Co-Ed* (1931)
* *[[The Big Broadcast]]* (1932)
* *[[College Humor (1933 film)|College Humor]]* (1933)
* *Too Much Harmony* (1933)
* *[[Going Hollywood]]* (1933)
* *[[We're Not Dressing]]* (1934)
* *She Loves Me Not* (1934)
* *Here Is My Heart* (1934)
* *[[Mississippi (1935 film)|Mississippi]]* (1935)
* *Two for Tonight* (1935)
* *[[The Big Broadcast of 1936]]* (1935)
* *Millions in the Air* (1935)
* *[[Anything Goes (film)|Anything Goes]]* (1936)
* *Rhythm on the Range* (1936)
* *Pennies from Heaven* (1936)
* *[[Waikiki Wedding]]* (1937)
* *[[Double or Nothing (film)|Double or Nothing]]* (1937)
* *Dr. Rhythm* (1938)
* *Sing You Sinners* (1938)
* *Paris Honeymoon* (1939)
* *East Side of Heaven* (1939)
* *The Star Maker* (1939)
* *[[Road to Singapore]]* (1940)
* *If I Had My Way* (1940)
* *Rhythm on the River* (1940)
* *[[Road to Zanzibar]]* (1941)
* *Birth of the Blues* (1941)
* *My Favorite Blonde* (1942) (Cameo)
* *[[Holiday Inn (film)|Holiday Inn]]* (1942)
* *[[Road to Morocco]]* (1942)
* *[[Star Spangled Rhythm]]* (1942)
* *[[Dixie (film)|Dixie]]* (1943)
* *[[Going My Way]]* (1944)
* *The Princess and the Pirate* (1944) (Cameo)
* *Here Come the Waves* (1944)
* *Out of This World* (1945)
* *[[Duffy's Tavern]]* (1945)
* *[[The Bells of St. Mary's]]* (1945)
* *[[Road to Utopia]]* (1946)
* *[[Blue Skies (film)|Blue Skies]]* (1946)
* *[[My Favorite Brunette]]* (1947) (Cameo)
* *Welcome Stranger* (1947)
* *[[Variety Girl]]* (1947)
* *[[Road to Rio]]* (1947)
* *[[The Emperor Waltz]]* (1948)
* *[[A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court]]* (1949)
* *Top o' the Morning* (1949)
* *[[The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad]]* (1949)
* *[[Riding High (1950 film)|Riding High]]* (1950)
* *Mr. Music* (1950)
* *[[Here Comes the Groom]]* (1951)
* *[[Angels in the Outfield (1951 film)|Angels in the Outfield]]* (1951) (Cameo)
* *[[The Greatest Show on Earth]]* (1952) (Cameo)
* *[[Son of Paleface]]* (1952) (Cameo)
* *Just for You* (1952)
* *[[Road to Bali]]* (1952)
* *[[Scared Stiff]]* (1953) (Cameo)
* *[[Little Boy Lost]]* (1953)
* *[[White Christmas (film)|White Christmas]]* (1954)
* *[[The Country Girl (film)|The Country Girl]]* (1954)
* *[[Anything Goes (film)|Anything Goes]]* (1956)
* *[[High Society]]* (1956)
* *Man on Fire* (1957)
* *[[Alias Jesse James]]* (1959) (Cameo)
* *Say One for Me* (1959)
* *[[Let's Make Love]]* (1960) (Cameo)
* *[[High Time (film)|High Time]]* (1960)
* *[[Pepe (film)|Pepe]]* (1960) (Cameo)
* *[[The Road to Hong Kong]]* (1962)
* *[[Robin and the 7 Hoods]]* (1964)
* *Cinerama's Russian Adventure* (1966)
* *[[Stagecoach]]* (1966)
* *Cancel My Reservation* (1972) (Cameo)
* *[[That's Entertainment!]]* (1974)

### Film kecil

* *Two Plus Fours* (1930 **in film**)
* *I Surrender Dear* (**1931 in film**)
* *One More Chance* (1931 **in film**)
* *Dream House* (1932 **in film**)
* *Billboard Girl* (1932 **in film**)
* *Hollywood on Parade* (1932 **in film**)
* *Hollywood on Parade No. 11* (1933 **in film**)
* *Blue of the Night* (1933 **in film**)
* *Sing, Bing, Sing* (1933 **in film**)
* *Hollywood on Parade No. A-9* (1933 **in film**)
* *Please* (1933 **in film**)
* *Just an Echo* (1934 **in film**)
* *Star Night at the Cocoanut Grove* (1934 **in film**)
* *Screen Snapshots Series 16, No. 5* (1937 **in film**)
* *Don't Hook Now* (1938 **in film**)
* *Hollywood Handicap* (1938 **in film**)
* *Screen Snapshots Series 18, No. 4* (1938 **in film**)
* *Screen Snapshots Series 18, No. 9* (1939 **in film**)
* *Screen Snapshots: Hollywood Recreations* (1940 **in film**)
* *Swing with Bing* (1940 in film**)
* ''Angels of Mercy'' (1941 **in film**)
* ''Meet the Stars #6: Stars at Play'' (1941 **in film**)
* ''[[Show Business at War]]'' (1943 **in film**)
* ''Road to Victory'' (1944 **in film**)
* ''The All-Star Bond Rally'' (1945 **in film**)
* ''Hollywood Victory Caravan'' (1945 **in film**)
* ''Screen Snapshots: Hollywood Celebrations'' (1945 **in film**)
* ''Screen Snapshots: Famous Fathers and Sons'' (1946 **in film**)
* ''Screen Snapshots: Hollywood's Happy Homes'' (1949 **in film**)
* ''Alberta Vacation'' (1950 **in film**)
* ''You Can Change the World'' (1951 **in film**)
* ''Crusade for Prayer'' (1952 **in film**)
* ''Screen Snapshots: Hollywood Mothers and Fathers'' (1955 **in film**)
* ''Showdown at Ulcer Gulch'' (1956 **in film**)
* ''Bing Presents Oreste'' (1956 **in film**)
* ''The Heart of Show Business'' (1957 **in film**)
* ''Just One More Time'' (1974 **in film**)

== Karya televisi ==

* ''The Bing Crosby Show'' (1954)
* ''[[The Edsel Show]]'' (1957)
* ''Bing Crosby in London'' (1961)
* ''The Bing Crosby Show'' (1964-1965)
* ''Bing Crosby in Dublin'' (1965)
* ''[[Goldilocks (TV)|Goldilocks]]'' (1971)
* ''Dr. Cook's Garden'' (1971)
* ''Bing Crosby and Fred Astaire: A Couple of Song and Dance Men'' (1975)
* ''The Bell Telephone Jubilee'' (1976)

== Diskografi ==

* 1930 ''An Album of Cowboy Songs''
* 1942 ''Holiday Inn''
* 1944 ''[[Going My Way]]''
* 1945 ''Merry Christmas''
* 1953 ''[[Le Bing: Song Hits of Paris]]''
* 1953 ''[[Some Fine Old Chestnuts]]''
* 1954 ''[[White Christmas soundtrack]]'' (w/ [[Peggy Lee]] dan [[Danny Kaye]])
* 1954 **'
* 1955 *Merry Christmas*
* 1956 *[[High Society (1956 album)]]* (w/Frank Sinatra/Grace Kelly/Louis Armstrong)
* 1956 *[[Songs I Wish I Had Sung the First Time Around]]
* 1956 *Bing Sings Whilst Bregman Swings*
* 1956 *White Christmas (album)*
* 1957 *Bing With A Beat*
* 1957 *Christmas Story*
* 1957 *New Tricks (album)*
* 1957 *Bing, His Legendary Years 1931-1957*
* 1958 *Fancy Meeting You Here* ( w/ [[Rosemary Clooney]])
* 1958 *Christmas Sing with Bing Around the World*
* 1959 *How the West was Won*
* 1959 *Join Bing and Sing Along*
* 1960 *El Senor Bing*
* 1960 *Bing and Satchmo*
* 1960 *101 Gang Songs*
* 1961 *Holiday in Europe*
* 1962 *On the Happy Side*
* 1962 *I Wish You a Merry Christmas*
* 1962 *Bing Crosby's Christmas Classics - Bing Crosby (album)*
* 1962 *Swingin' on a Star - Bing Crosby & Frank Sinatra (album)*
* 1963 *Return to Paradise Islands*
* 1963 *Great Country Hits*
* 1964 *Robin & the Seven Hoods Soundtrack* (w/Frank Sinatra/Dean Martin/Sammy Davis Jr)
* 1965 *That Travelin' Two-Beat* (w/ [[Rosemary Clooney]])
* 1965 *The Songs I Love*
* 1968 *Thoroughly Modern Bing*
* 1968 *The Songs I Love*
* 1968 *Hey Jude Hey Bing*
* 1971 *A Time to Be Jolly*
* 1972 *Bing 'n' Basie*
* 1975 *A Southern Memoir*
* 1975 *That's What Life Is All About*
* 1975 *Bingo Viejo*
* 1975 *All-Time Best of Bing Crosby*
* 1975 *A Couple of Song and Dance Men*
* 1976 *Bing Crosby Live at the London Palladium*
* 1976 *At My Time of Life*
* 1976 *Feels Good Feels Right*
* 1976 *Beautiful Memories*
* 1977 *Seasons*

== Referensi ==



== Pranala luar ==

* 
* [http://www.bingcrosby.com/ Bing Crosby's Official Site]
* [http://community.mcckc.edu/crosby/bing.htm Bing Crosby Internet Museum] 
* [http://www.gonzaga.edu/Academics/Libraries/Foley-Library/Departments/Special-Collections/Collections/Bing-Crosby-Collection/default.asp Bing Crosby Collection at Gonzaga University]
* [http://www.waynesthisandthat.com/mus.htm Most Popular Entertainer of the Twentieth Century] 
* [http://www.waynesthisandthat.com/greatestsingers3.htm Most popular Singers of the 20th century] 
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070516013308/http://www.philsilversshow.homestead.com/BingCrosby.html Bing on the Phil Silvers Show]
* [http://www.hofstra.edu/pdf/cul_BingReg2.pdf#search='Mark%20simone%20Friars%20club' Conference Bing Crosby (November 2002)]
* [http://www.jeffosretromusic.com/bing.html Bing Crosby Article - by Dr. Frank Hoffmann] 
* [http://www.crosby-circle.org.uk/ The International Club Crosby Fan Club] 
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20030221135340/http://members.aol.com/macwilmslo/BING_magazine.html BING magazine (a publication of the ICC)]
* [http://www.thesunchronicle.com/articles/2007/10/12/columns/columns69.txt "Bing still matters" article by Ted Nesi in *The Sun Chronicle'']

## Penghargaan