Teori pilihan rasional

'*Teori pilihan rasional*', kadang disebut **teori pilihan** atau *teori tindakan rasional*', adalah kerangka pemikiran untuk memahami dan merancang model perilaku sosial dan ekonomi. Asumsi dasar teori pilihan rasional adalah seluruh perilaku sosial disebabkan oleh perilaku individu yang masing-masing membuat keputusannya sendiri. Teori ini berfokus pada penentu pilihan individu (individualisme metodologis).

Teori pilihan rasional juga berasumsi bahwa seseorang memiliki preferensi di antara beberapa pilihan alternatif yang memungkinkan orang tersebut menyatakan pilihan yang diinginkannya. Preferensi tersebut dianggap lengkap (orang tersebut selalu dapat menentukan alternatif yang mereka inginkan atau tak ada alternatif yang diinginkan) dan transitif (apabila pilihan A lebih diinginkan daripada pilihan B dan pilihan B lebih diinginkan daripada pilihan C, maka A lebih diinginkan daripada C). Agen rasional kemudian mempertimbangkan informasi yang ada, kemungkinan peristiwa, dan potensi biaya dan keuntungan dari menentukan pilihan, dan bertindak konsisten dalam memilih tindakan terbaik.

Rasionalitas sering dijadikan asumsi perilaku individu dalam model dan analisis ekonomi mikro dan muncul di hampir semua penjelasan pembuatan keputusan manusia yang ada di buku pelajaran ekonomi. Rasionalitas juga penting bagi ilmu politik modern, sosiologi, dan filsafat. Versi turunan dari rasionalitas adalah rasionalitas instrumental yang meliputi pencarian cara paling hemat biaya untuk meraih tujuan tertentu tanpa melihat berharga atau tidaknya tujuan tersebut. Gary Becker adalah salah satu pendukung penerapan model perilaku rasional secara luas. Becker dianugerahi Hadiah Nobel Ekonomi tahun 1992 atas penelitiannya tentang diskriminasi, kejahatan, dan modal manusia.

## Lihat pula
* Rasionalitas ekologi
* Rasionalitas terikat
* Teori keputusan
* Homo economicus
* Teori permainan
* Ekonomi neoklasik
* Teori politik positif
* Harapan rasional
* Teori pilihan sosial
* Preferensi (ekonomi)
* Reasonable Person Model

## Catatan kaki


## Referensi
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== Pranala luar ==
* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/economics/#5 Rational Choice Theory at the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
* [http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~scottj/socscot7.htm Rational Choice Theory - Article by John Scott] 
* [http://www.goodmagazine.com/section/Features/the_new_nostradamus The New Nostradamus]  - on the use by [[Bruce Bueno de Mesquita]] of rational choice theory in political forecasting
* [http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=120201554 To See The Future, Use The Logic Of Self-Interest] - *NPR'' audio clip