Howard Zinn

**Howard Zinn** (24 Augustus 1922 - 27 January 2010) adalah sejarawan, penulis naskah drama, dan pemikir sosialis Amerika. Dia pernah menjadi ketua departemen ilmu sejarah dan sosial di Spelman College, dan profesor ilmu politik di Boston University. Zinn telah menulis lebih dari 20 buku, termasuk buku *best seller* dan berpengaruh, *[[A People's History of the United States]]*. Pada 2007, dia menerbitkan versi untuk pembaca yang lebih muda, *A Young People's History of the United States*.

Zinn menggambarkan dirinya sebagai "sesuatu yang anarkis, sesuatu yang sosialis. Mungkin sosialis demokrat."" Dia banyak menulis tentang Gerakan Hak Sipil, gerakan antiperang, dan sejarah buruh Amerika Serikat. Memoarnya, *You Can't Be Neutral on a Moving Train* (Beacon Press, 2002), juga menjadi judul film dokumenter pada 2004 tentang kehidupan dan pekerjaan Zinn. Dia meninggal karena serangan jantung pada 2010 di usia 87 tahun.

## Bibliografi

### Penulis
* *LaGuardia in Congress* (1959) . 
* *The Southern Mystique* (1962) .
* *SNCC: The New Abolitionists* (1964) .
* *New Deal Thought* (editor) (1965) .
* *Vietnam: The Logic of Withdrawal* (1967) .
* *Disobedience and Democracy: Nine Fallacies on Law and Order* (1968, re-issued 2002) .
* *The Politics of History* (1970) (2nd edition 1990) .
* *The Pentagon Papers* Senator Gravel Edition. Vol. Five. Critical Essays. Boston. Beacon Press, 1972. 341p. plus 72p. of Index to Vol. I–IV of the Papers, Noam Chomsky, Howard Zinn, editors. .
* *Justice in Everyday Life: The Way It Really Works* (Editor) (1974) .
* *Justice? Eyewitness Accounts* (1977) .
* *[[A People's History of the United States]]: 1492 – Present* (1980), revised (1995)(1998)(1999)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2010) . 
* *Playbook* by Maxine Klein, Lydia Sargent and Howard Zinn (1986) .
* *Declarations of Independence: Cross-Examining American Ideology* (1991) .
* *A People's History of the United States: The Civil War to the Present* Kathy Emery and Ellen Reeves, Howard Zinn (2003 teaching edition) Vol. I: . Vol II: .
* *Failure to Quit: Reflections of an Optimistic Historian* (1993) .
* *You Can't Be Neutral on a Moving Train: A Personal History of Our Times* (autobiography)(1994) 
* *A People's History of the United States: The Wall Charts* by Howard Zinn and George Kirschner (1995) .
* *Hiroshima: Breaking the Silence* (pamphlet, 1995) .
* *The Zinn Reader: Writings on Disobedience and Democracy* (1997) ; 2nd edition (2009) .
* *The Cold War & the University: Toward an Intellectual History of the Postwar Years* (Noam Chomsky (Editor) Authors: Ira Katznelson, R. C. Lewontin, David Montgomery, Laura Nader, Richard Ohmann, Ray Siever, Immanuel Wallerstein, Howard Zinn (1997) .
* *[[Marx in Soho|Marx in Soho: A Play on History]]* (1999) .
* *The Future of History: Interviews With David Barsamian* (1999) .
* *Howard Zinn on War* (2000) .
* *Howard Zinn on History* (2000) .
* *La Otra Historia De Los Estados Unidos* (2000) .
* *Three Strikes: Miners, Musicians, Salesgirls, and the Fighting Spirit of Labor's Last Century* (Dana Frank, Robin Kelley, and Howard Zinn) (2002) .
* *Terrorism and War* (2002) . (interviews, Anthony Arnove (Ed.))
* *The Power of Nonviolence: Writings by Advocates of Peace* Editor (2002) .
* *Emma: A Play in Two Acts About Emma Goldman, American Anarchist* (2002) .
* *Artists in Times of War* (2003) .
* *The 20th century: A People's History* (2003) .
* *A People's History of the United States: Teaching Edition Abridged* (2003 updated) .
* *Passionate Declarations: Essays on War and Justice* (2003) .
* *Iraq Under Siege, The Deadly Impact of Sanctions and War*, co-author (2003)
* *Howard Zinn On Democratic Education* Donaldo Macedo, Editor (2004) .
* *The People Speak: American Voices, Some Famous, Some Little Known* (2004) .
* *Voices of a People’s History of the United States* (with Anthony Arnove, 2004) ; 2nd edition (2009) .
* *A People's History of the Civil War: Struggles for the Meaning of Freedom* by David Williams, Howard Zinn (Series Editor) (2005) .
* *A Power Governments Cannot Suppress* (2006) .
* *Original Zinn: Conversations on History and Politics* (2006) Howard Zinn and David Barsamian.
* *[[A People's History of American Empire]]* (2008) by Howard Zinn, Mike Konopacki and Paul Buhle. .
* *A Young People's History of the United States*, adapted from the original text by Rebecca Stefoff; illustrated and updated through 2006, with new introduction and afterword by Howard Zinn; two volumes, Seven Stories Press, New York, 2007.
** *Vol. 1: Columbus to the Spanish–American War*. .
** *Vol. 2: Class Struggle to the War on Terror*. .
**One-volume edition (2009) .
* *The Bomb* (City Lights Publishers, 2010) .
* *The Historic Unfulfilled Promise* (City Lights Publishers, 2012) .
* *Howard Zinn Speaks: Collected Speeches 1963-2009* (Haymarket Books, 2012) .
* *Truth Has a Power of Its Own: Conversations About A People’s History* by Howard Zinn and Ray Suarez (The New Press, 2019) .

### Kontributor
* *Ars Americana Ars Politica: Partisan Expression in Contemporary American Literature and Culture*. by Peter Swirski (2010) .
* *Admirable Radical: Staughton Lynd and Cold War Dissent, 1945–1970 (2010), Kent State University Press by Carl Mirra .
* *A Gigantic Mistake* by [[Mickey Z]] (2004) .
* *A People's History of the Supreme Court* by [[Peter H. Irons]] (2000) .
* *A Political Dynasty In North Idaho, 1933–1967* by Randall Doyle (2004) .
* *American Political Prisoners: Prosecutions Under the Espionage and Sedition Acts* by [[Stephen M. Kohn]] (1994) .
* *American Power and the New Mandarins* by [[Noam Chomsky]] (2002) .
* *Broken Promises Of America: At Home And Abroad, Past And Present: An Encyclopedia For Our Times* by ([[Douglas F. Dowd]] (2004) .
* *Deserter From Death: Dispatches From Western Europe 1950–2000* by [[Daniel Singer (journalist)|Daniel Singer]] (2005) .
* *Ecocide of Native America: Environmental Destruction of Indian Lands and Peoples* by Donald Grinde, Bruce Johansen (1994) .
* *Eugene V. Debs Reader: Socialism and the Class Struggle* by William A. Pelz (2000) .
* *From a Native Son: Selected Essays in Indigenism, 1985–1995* by [[Ward Churchill]] (1996) .
* *Green Parrots: A War Surgeon's Diary* by [[Gino Strada]] (2005) .
* *Hijacking Catastrophe: 9/11, Fear And The Selling Of American Empire* by [[Sut Jhally]] editor, Jeremy Earp editor (2004) .
* *If You're Not a Terrorist...Then Stop Asking Questions!* by [[Micah Ian Wright]] (2004) .
* *Iraq: The Logic of Withdrawal* by Anthony Arnove (2006) .
* *Impeach the President: The Case Against Bush and Cheney* Dennis Loo (Editor), Peter Phillips (Editor), Seven Stories Press: 2006 .
* *Life of an Anarchist: The Alexander Berkman Reader* by [[Alexander Berkman]] Gene Fellner, editor (2004) .
* *Long Shadows: Veterans' Paths to Peace* by David Giffey editor (2006) .
* *Masters of War: Latin America and United States Aggression from the Cuban Revolution Through the Clinton Years* by Clara Nieto, Chris Brandt (trans) (2003) .
* *Peace Signs: The Anti-War Movement Illustrated* by [[James Mann (writer)|James Mann]], editor (2004) .
* *Prayer for the Morning Headlines: On the Sanctity of Life and Death* by [[Daniel Berrigan]] (poetry) and Adrianna Amari (photography) (2007) .
* *Silencing Political Dissent: How Post-9-11 Anti-terrorism Measures Threaten Our Civil Liberties* by Nancy Chang, [[Center for Constitutional Rights]] (2002) .
* *Soldiers In Revolt: GI Resistance During The Vietnam War* by [[David Cortright]] (2005) .
* *Sold to the Highest Bidder: The Presidency from Dwight D. Eisenhower to George W. Bush* by Daniel M. Friedenberg (2002) .
* *The Autobiography of Abbie Hoffman* Intro by [[Norman Mailer]], Afterword by HZ (2000) .
* *The Case for Socialism* by Alan Maass (2004) .
* *The Forging of the American Empire: From the Revolution to Vietnam, a History of U.S. Imperialism* by [[Sidney Lens]] (2003) .
* *The Higher Law: Thoreau on Civil Disobedience and Reform* by [[Henry David Thoreau]], Wendell Glick, editor (2004) .
* *The Iron Heel* by [[Jack London]] (1971) .
* *The Sixties Experience: Hard Lessons about Modern America* by [[Edward P. Morgan]] (1992) .
* *You Back the Attack, We'll Bomb Who We Want* by [[Micah Ian Wright]] (2003) .
* *A People's History of the American Revolution* by [[Ray Raphael]] (2002) . *Howard Zinn Foreword for New Press People's History Series*.

=== Rekaman ===
* *A People's History of the United States* (1999)
* *Artists in the Time of War* (2002)
* *Heroes & Martyrs: Emma Goldman, Sacco & Vanzetti, and the Revolutionary Struggle* (2000)
* *Stories Hollywood Never Tells* (2000)
* *You Can't Blow Up A Social Relationship*, CD termasuk kuliah dan pertunjukan oleh band rock Resident Genius (Thick Records, 2005)

=== Teater ===
**Emma* (1976)
**Daughter of Venus* (1985)
**Marx in Soho* (1999)

== Lihat pula ==
* [[Daftar aktivis perdamaian]]
* *A People's History of American Empire*
* *A People's History of the United States*
* *Howard Zinn: You Can't Be Neutral on a Moving Train*, berdasarkan autobiografinya dengan nama sama

== Bacaan lebih lanjut ==
* Duberman, Martin. *Howard Zinn: A Life on the Left*. ([[The New Press]], 2012).
* Ellis, Deb and Mueller, Denis. *Howard Zinn: You Can't Be Neutral on a Moving Train*. (film 2004)
** . Retrieved 2010-03-09.
* Greenberg, David. "Agit-Prof: Howard Zinn's influential mutilations of American history," [https://newrepublic.com/article/112574/howard-zinns-influential-mutilations-american-history *The New Republic* March 19, 2013]
* Joyce, Davis D. *Howard Zinn: A Radical American Vision*. ([[Prometheus Books]], 2003).
* Lynd, Staughton. *Doing History from the Bottom Up; On E.P. Thompson, Howard Zinn, and Rebuilding the Labor Movement from Below.* Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2014.

=== Wawancara ===
* [https://archive.today/20130630143818/http://welcometoflavorcountry.com/2013/04/01/an-interview-with-howard-zinn/ 2001 Interview with Howard Zinn about *A People's History of the United States*, religion, and movies]
* [https://www.guernicamag.com/a_peoples_history_of_howard_zi/ Interview with *Guernica: a magazine of arts and politics*].
* [https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1524095 *The Tavis Smiley Show*: "Howard Zinn and the Omissions of U.S. History"], 27 November 2003, National Public Radio.
* [http://www.legalleft.org/?page_id=137 Howard Zinn speaks on "Confronting Empire" at [[Harvard Law School]] pada Maret 2008]
* [http://www.revolutionbythebook.akpress.org/an-interview-with-howard-zinn-on-anarchism-rebels-against-tyranny/ An Interview with Howard Zinn on Anarchism: Rebels Against Tyranny] oleh [[AK Press]]
* [http://www.cwmorse.org/archives/perspectives.on.anarchist.theory.vol7.no1-spring2003.pdf "War is the Health of the State: An Interview with Howard Zinn"], By Paul Glavin & Chuck Morse, *Perspectives on Anarchist Theory*, Vol. 7, No. 1, Spring 2003
* "A Great Faith in Human Beings." In Klin, Richard and Lily Prince (photos), *Something to Say: Thoughts on Art and Politics in America*. (Leapfrog Press, 2011)

=== Obituari ===
* [http://www.beaconbroadside.com/broadside/2010/01/helene-atwan-the-loss-of-howard-zinn.html#more Helene Atwan, director of Beacon Press on "The Loss of Howard Zinn" January 29, 2010].
* [https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/29/us/29zinn.html Howard Zinn, Historian, is Dead at 87], oleh Michael Powell, [[New York Times]], 27 Januari 2010
* [https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/28/us/28zinn.html?mcubz=1 New York Times obituary January 27, 2010]
* [http://www.oxonianreview.org/wp/howard-zinn-death-of-an-historian/ Obituary] di *Oxonian Review*

=== Video ===
* [http://bigthink.com/ideas/1228 The Legacy of Howard Zinn ] – video oleh [[Big Think]]
* [http://www.democracynow.org/blog/2010/1/8/howard_zinn_three_holy_wars Howard Zinn on why there are no just wars: "Holy Wars"] – video oleh *Democracy Now!*
* ; oleh Howard Zinn; Dinarasikan oleh Viggo Mortensen
* [http://www.zinnedproject.org/why#video Howard Zinn’s talk to teachers at the 2008 National Conference for the Social Studies (NCSS)] diselenggarakan oleh the Zinn Education Project
* [https://www.c-span.org/video/?196261-1/power-governments-suppress Zinn Speaking About his Book ~ *A Power Governments Cannot Suppress*] – pidato satu jam di [[C-SPAN]]
*  wawancara dengan Sasha Lilley, 5 November 2009
* [http://www.democracynow.org/2010/1/28/howard_zinn_1922_2010_a_tribute Howard Zinn (1922–2010): A Tribute to the Legendary Historian with Noam Chomsky, Alice Walker, Naomi Klein and Anthony Arnove]
* [[American Feud: A History of Conservatives and Liberals]] dokumenter yang menampilkan wawancara dengan Howard Zinn dan lainnya
* [http://therealnews.com/t2/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=33&Itemid=74&jumival=359 Zinn on Class in America]  – Interview series on [[The Real News]] (TRNN) (6 videos) – April 2009
* [http://www.mediaed.org/new-release-howard-zinns-emma/ Interview with Howard Zinn] [[Media Education Foundation]] (MEF) – Juli 2005

== Referensi ==


== Pranala luar ==



* [http://howardzinn.org HowardZinn.org]
* 
* [http://progressive.org/topics/howard-zinn/ Column archive] at *The Progressive*
* 
** [http://www.booknotes.org/Watch/155006-1/Howard-Zinn *Booknotes* interview with Zinn on *A People's History of the United States, 1492–Present*, March 12, 2000.]
** [http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/Zin *In Depth'' interview with Zinn, September 1, 2002]
* 
* 
* "Howard Zinn," FBI Records: The Vault, vault.fbi.gov/
* Zinn Education Project
* "In memory: Howard Zinn and the Civil Rights Movement"  in "Carol Polsgrove on Writers' Lives"
* "Undue Certainty" by Samuel Wineburg
* Zinnophobia: The Battle Over History in Education, Politics, and Scholarship 
* Howard Zinn’s Southern Diary: Sit-ins, Civil Rights, and Black Women's Student Activism