Alexander Downer

**Alexander John Gosse Downer** (lahir 9 September 1951), adalah Menteri Luar Negeri Australia sejak Maret 1996. Ia juga pernah menjabat sebagai Ketua Fraksi Partai Liberal di Parlemen Federal Australia pada tahun 1994-1995.

## Biografi
Downer lahir di Adelaide, Australia Selatan, dari keluarga politikus ternama. Ayahnya Sir Alexander "Alec" Downer, juga pernah menduduki jabatan dalam kabinet federal, serta *[[High Commissioner]]* di London pada tahun 1963-1972. Kakeknya, Sir John Downer, adalah senator pada Parlemen federal pertama pada tahun 1901. Ibunya, Lady Downer (terlahir: Mary Gosse), merupakan keturunan imigran yang awal di Australia Selatan. Downer menikah dengan Nicola (terlahir Robinson) dan memiliki empat orang anak: Georgina, Olivia, Edward, dan Henrietta. Downer menempuh pendidikan di Geelong Grammar School Australia, kemudian di Radley College dan University of Newcastle upon Tyne di Britania ketika ayahnya menjabat sebagai *High Commissioner*. Ia kemudian bekerja di
*Australian Diplomatic Service* hingga tahun 1982. Lalu ia bekerja sebagai penasihat Perdana Menteri dari Partai Liberal, Malcolm Fraser. Tahun 1984 ia terpilih sebagai anggota Parlemen Australia dari Daerah Pemilihan Mayo, di Adelaide Hills. Partai Liberal merupakan partai oposisi pada tahun 1983-1996, dan Downer pun menduduki sejumlah posisi pada front Oposisi sejak tahun 1987.

Pada tahun 1993 ia menjadi *Shadow Treasurer* (menteri pada "Kabinet Bayangan") ketika Partai Liberal kalah pada Pemilihan Umum 1993 (saat itu dimenangkan oleh Paul Keating). Pada bulan Mei 1994 ia menggantikan Dr John Hewson sebagai Pimpinan Partai Liberal dalam sebuah pemilihan.

## Menteri Luar Negeri

Downer ditunjuk sebagai Menteri Luar Negeri ketika pemerintahan Howard terpilih pada bulan Maret 1996. Ia menjadi Menteri Luar Negeri yang menduduki jabatan terlama sejak 20 Desember, 2004.

Tahun 1999, Downer turut serta dalam negosiasi masuknya pasukan perdamaian INTERFET ke Timor Timur.http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/447639.stm Ia juga melakukan sebuah negosiasi atas migas di Celah Timor, di tengah tuduhan bahwa persetujuan tersebut merugikan Timor Timur. http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/stories/s799609.htm Sebagai Menteri Luar Negeri, Downer memainkan peranan penting dalam perselisihan diplomatik yang dikenal dengan Tampa affair tahun 2001, dimana Australia menolak izin mendaratnya MV Tampa di Pulau Christmas yang memuat pengungsi.

He has been a firm supporter of the legality of the Iraq war and he vociferously defended the claim that weapons of mass destruction would be found in Iraq to justify the 2003 invasion of that country, long after this claim was abandoned by many others. http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/content/2003/s870415.htm http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/content/2005/s1302767.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20040626162831/http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/s1031485.htm

In August 2006, it was claimed by a former weapons inspector Dr John Gee, thaat Downer had in 2004 suppressed information that the search for weapons of mass descruction in Iraq was fundamentally flawed. http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/weapons-coverup-revealed/2006/08/30/1156816970606.html http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/weapons-downer-admits-being-told/2006/08/31/1156817034562.html http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200609/s1730309.htm

In March 2006 he strongly opposed any form of co-operation with India, in the post US-Indian nuclear co-operation deal. Downer is quoted as saying "Australia had no plans to change a policy which rules out uranium sales to countries like India which have not signed the UN's nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)."

In April 2006 he appeared before the Cole Inquiry regarding the Iraq oil for food scandal and testified that he was ignorant of the kickbacks paid to the Iraq government, despite several warnings that had been received by his department from various sources
http://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Australian_foreign_minister_tells_inquiry_it_was_the_UN%27s_job_to_investigate_Iraq_kickback_claims http://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Portal:Australia/Cole_Inquiry. In July 2006 it was revealed that six months before the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Downer had argued that participating in the invasion would be commercially beneficial for Australia. http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/australias-other-war-in-iraq/2006/07/02/1151778811475.html

As Australian Foreign Affairs minister, Downer has supported the U.S. in the incarceration of two Australian citizens, David Hicks and Mamdouh Habib in the Guantanamo Bay detention center. Habib was eventually released without charge, while Hicks remains imprisoned. Downer supports the Bush Administration's position on the special Guantanamo military commissions that are to be used to try Hicks.http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2005/s1428678.htm

A major recent challenge has been handling relations with Australia's most important neighbour, Indonesia when Australia accepted a boatload of asylum seekers from Indonesia's Papua province in March 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/4835788.stm

## Referensi
* David Marr & Marian Wilkinson *Dark Victory*. ISBN 1-74114-447-7

## Lihat pula
* Menteri Luar Negeri Australia
* Politik Australia

## Pranala luar
* Alexander Downer  - Profil di @ SA Liberals
* Alexander Downer - His official Australian Government webpage