Bemidbar (parsyah)

**Bemidbar**, **BeMidbar**, atau **B'midbar** (sering kali dieja secara keliru sebagai **Bamidbar**) ( — "di padang gurun," yaitu kata ke-5 dan kata pertama yang unik dalam parsyah ini) adalah bagian ke-34 Bacaan Taurat Mingguan (, *parasyah*) dalam siklus tahunan Pembacaan Taurat di kalangan orang Yahudi. Merupakan bagian pembacaan pertama dari Kitab Bilangan. Terdiri dari Bilangan 1:1-4:20. Parsyah ini (berdasarkan Teks Masoret) terdiri dari 7.393 huruf Ibrani, yang membentuk 1.823 Kata Ibrani, dan dibagi atas 159 ayat, dapat ditulis dalam sekitar 263 baris Gulungan Taurat (, *[[Sefer Torah]]*).

Orang Yahudi biasanya melakukan pembacaan parsyah ini dalam bulan Mei atau awal Juni.

Parsyah ini memuat kisah penghitungan atau sensus laskar Israel dan penugasan para imam.

## Pembacaan
Pada pembacaan Taurat hari Sabat secara tradisional, parsyah ini dibagi menjadi tujuh bacaan. Bagian-bagian bacaan ini (, *aliyah*; ; bentuk jamak: *עליות*, *aliyot*) adalah sebagai berikut:
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## Penafsiran antar-bagian Alkitab

Tiga kali dalam parsyah ini Taurat mencatat daftar suku-suku dan setiap kali Taurat menulis dengan urutan berbeda:

## Haftarah
### Umum
Bacaan Haftarah untuk parsyah ini adalah . Baik parsyah maupun haftarah mengenang jumlah bangsa Israel, dalam parsyah melalui sensus, dan dalam haftarah dirujuk pada pernyataan bahwa jumlah mereka "seperti pasir laut." Baik parsyah maupun haftarah menempatkan Israel di padang gurun (*midbar*).

### Pada "Shabbat Machar Chodesh"
Jika parsyah Bamidbar bertepatan dengan "Shabbat Machar Chodesh" (misalnya pada tahun 2009), maka bacaannya adalah 

## Pustaka tambahan
Parsyah ini mempunyai paralel atau didiskusikan dalam sumber-sumber pustaka berikut:

### Zaman kuno
* Shu-ilishu. Ur, 20th Century BCE. Reprinted in, e.g., Douglas Frayne. "Shu-ilishu." In *The Context of Scripture, Volume II: Monumental Inscriptions from the Biblical World*. Edited by William W. Hallo. New York: Brill, 2000. ISBN 90-04-10618-9. (standards).

### Dalam Alkitab
*  (Nahason bin Aminadab);  (anak sulung);  (anak sulung);  (anak sulung);  (shekel penebusan).
*  (anak sulung);  (sensus).
*  (anak sulung);  (jumlah orang suku Ruben).
* 
*  (di padang gurun);  (anak sulung).
*  (di keempat sisi).
*  (padang gurun).
* Kitab Mazmur  (Manasye, Efraim, Yehuda);  (Efraim, Yehuda);  (Benyamin, Judah, Zebulon, Naftali);  (Ephraim, Benjamin, Manasseh);  (obeying commandments);  (incense);  (able to go to war).
*  (Nahason bin Aminadab).
*  (sensus);  (menghitung para pemimpin Israel).

### Non-rabbinik awal
* Filo. ''Who Is the Heir of Divine Things?'' 24:124. Aleksandria, Mesir, awal abad ke-1 M. Dicetak ulang misalnya pada *The Works of Philo: Complete and Unabridged, New Updated Edition*. Terjemahan oleh Charles Duke Yonge, 286. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson Pub., 1993. ISBN 0-943575-93-1.
* Yosefus, *[[Antiquitates Iudaicae]]* 3:12:4.  Kira-kira tahun 93–94 M. Dicetak ulang misalnya pada *The Works of Josephus: Complete and Unabridged, New Updated Edition*. Terjemahan William Whiston, 98. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson Pub., 1987. ISBN 0-913573-86-8.

### Rabbinik klasik
* Mishnah: Sanhedrin 9:6; Zevachim 14:4; Menachot 11:5; Bekhorot 1:1–9:8. Tanah Israel, kira-kira 200 M. Dicetak ulang misalnya pada *The Mishnah: A New Translation*. Terjemahan oleh Jacob Neusner, 604, 731, 757, 788, 790. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988. ISBN 0-300-05022-4.
* Tosefta: Megillah 3:22; Sotah 7:17, 11:20; Bekhorot 1:1. Tanah Israel, kira-kira 300 M. Reprinted in, e.g., *The Tosefta: Translated from the Hebrew, with a New Introduction*. Terjemahan oleh Jacob Neusner, 1:538, 650, 864, 882; 2:1469. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson Pub., 2002. ISBN 1-56563-642-2.
* Jerusalem Talmud: Bikkurim 11b; Yoma 31a; Megillah 15b, 17b; Sanhedrin 11b. Tanah Israel, kira-kira 400 M. Reprinted in, e.g., *Talmud Yerushalmi*. Disunting oleh Chaim Malinowitz, Yisroel Simcha Schorr, and Mordechai Marcus, vols. 12, 21, 26. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2007–2013.
* Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael Pisha 3, 5; Amalek 4; Bahodesh 1. Land of Israel, late 4th Century. Reprinted in, e.g., *Mekhilta According to Rabbi Ishmael*. Translated by Jacob Neusner, 1:22, 30; 2:36, 41. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1988. ISBN 1-55540-237-2. And *Mekhilta de-Rabbi Ishmael*. Translated by Jacob Z. Lauterbach, 1:18, 25; 2:289–90. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1933, reissued 2004. ISBN 0-8276-0678-8.
* Mekhilta of Rabbi Simeon 16:1; 19:2; 47:2; 48:1; 57:1, 3; 76:4; 83:1. Land of Israel, 5th Century. Reprinted in, e.g., *Mekhilta de-Rabbi Shimon bar Yohai*. Translated by W. David Nelson, 54, 75, 211–12, 255, 258, 355, 375. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 2006. ISBN 0-8276-0799-7.
* Genesis Rabbah 7:2; 53:13; 55:6; 64:8; 94:9; 97 (NV); 97 (MSV); 97:5. Land of Israel, 5th Century. Reprinted in, e.g., *Midrash Rabbah: Genesis*. Translated by H. Freedman and Maurice Simon, 1:50, 472, 486; 2:578, 876, 898, 934, 942. London: Soncino Press, 1939. ISBN 0-900689-38-2.

* Babylonian Talmud: Shabbat 31a, 92a, 116a; Pesachim 6b; Yoma 54a, 58a; Chagigah 25a; Yevamot 64a; Nedarim 55a; Nazir 45a, 49a; Kiddushin 69a; Bava Batra 109b, 121b; Sanhedrin 16b–17a, 19b, 36b, 81b, 82b; Makkot 12b, 15a, 24b; Shevuot 15a; Horayot 6b; Zevachim 55a, 61b, 116b, 119b; Menachot 28b, 37b, 95a, 96a; Chullin 69b; Bekhorot 2a, 3b–5a, 13a, 47a, 49a, 51a; Arakhin 11b, 18b; Tamid 26a. Babylonia, 6th Century. Reprinted in, e.g., *Talmud Bavli*. Edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr, Chaim Malinowitz, and Mordechai Marcus, 72 vols. Brooklyn: Mesorah Pubs., 2006.
* Pesikta de-Rav Kahana 2:8, 4:3, 7:5, 26:9–10. 6th–7th Century. Reprinted in, e.g., *Pesikta de-Rab Kahana: R. Kahana's Compilation of Discourses for Sabbaths and Festal Days.* Translated by William G. Braude and Israel J. Kapstein, 33, 70, 144, 404–06. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1975. ISBN 0-8276-0051-8. And *Pesiqta deRab Kahana: An Analytical Translation and Explanation.* Translated by Jacob Neusner, 1:27, 56, 116; 2:136–37. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1987. ISBN 1-55540-072-8 & ISBN 1-55540-073-6.

### Abad pertengahan
* Saadia Gaon. *[[Emunoth ve-Deoth|The Book of Beliefs and Opinions]]*, 2:10, 12. Baghdad, Babylonia, 933. Translated by Samuel Rosenblatt, 118, 128. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1948. ISBN 0-300-04490-9.
* Rashi. *Commentary*. Numbers 1–4. Troyes, France, late 11th Century. Reprinted in, e.g., Rashi. *The Torah: With Rashi's Commentary Translated, Annotated, and Elucidated*. Translated and annotated by Yisrael Isser Zvi Herczeg, vol. 4, 1–33. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1997. ISBN 0-89906-029-3.
* Judah Halevi. *[[Kuzari]]*. 2:26. Toledo, Spain, 1130–1140. Reprinted in, e.g., Jehuda Halevi. *Kuzari: An Argument for the Faith of Israel.* Introduction by Henry Slonimsky, page 105. New York: Schocken, 1964. ISBN 0-8052-0075-4.
* Numbers Rabbah 1:1–5:9; 6:2–3, 5–7, 11; 7:2–3; 9:14; 10:1; 12:15–16; 13:5; 14:3–4, 14, 19; 15:17; 18:2–3, 5; 19:3; 21:7. 12th Century. Reprinted in, e.g., *Midrash Rabbah: Numbers*. Translated by Judah J. Slotki, 5:1–156, 160, 162, 166, 168–71, 177, 180–82, 268–69, 335; 6:486, 489, 515, 573, 584, 627, 633, 662, 708, 710–11, 714, 753, 834. London: Soncino Press, 1939. ISBN 0-900689-38-2.
* Maimonides. *[[Guide for the Perplexed|The Guide for the Perplexed]]*, 3:24. Cairo, Egypt, 1190. Reprinted in, e.g., Moses Maimonides. *The Guide for the Perplexed*. Translated by Michael Friedländer, 305. New York: Dover Publications, 1956. ISBN 0-486-20351-4. (wilderness).
* Zohar 1:130a, 200a; 2:85a; 3:57a, 117a–121a , 177b. Spain, late 13th Century. Reprinted in, e.g., *The Zohar*. Translated by Harry Sperling and Maurice Simon. 5 vols. London: Soncino Press, 1934.

### Modern
* Louis Ginzberg. *Legends of the Jews*, 3:219–38.  Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1911.
* Robert F. Kennedy. Remarks at the University of Kansas, March 18, 1968. Reprinted in Maxwell Taylor Kennedy. *Make Gentle the Life of This World: The Vision of Robert F. Kennedy*, 21. Broadway, 1998. ISBN 0-7679-0371-4. (Can you judge a people by its numbers?)
* Jacob Milgrom. *The JPS Torah Commentary: Numbers: The Traditional Hebrew Text with the New JPS Translation*, 3–29, 335–44. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1990. ISBN 0-8276-0329-0.
* Baruch Levine. *Numbers 1–20*, 4:125–78. New York: Anchor Bible, 1993. ISBN 0-385-15651-0.
* Mary Douglas. *In the Wilderness: The Doctrine of Defilement in the Book of Numbers*, xviii, 97, 99–100, 103, 109–10, 120, 123, 127–31, 133, 137–38, 174, 179–80, 207, 246. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993. ISBN 0-19-924541-X.
* Gerald Skolnik. "Should There Be a Special Ceremony in Recognition of a First-Born Female Child?" New York: Rabbinical Assembly, 1993. YD 305:1.1993. Reprinted in *Responsa: 1991–2000: The Committee on Jewish Law and Standards of the Conservative Movement*. Edited by Kassel Abelson and David J. Fine, 163–65 New York: Rabbinical Assembly, 2002. ISBN 0-916219-19-4.
* Elliot N. Dorff. "Artificial Insemination, Egg Donation and Adoption." New York: Rabbinical Assembly, 1994. EH 1:3.1994. Reprinted in *Responsa: 1991–2000: The Committee on Jewish Law and Standards of the Conservative Movement*. Edited by Kassel Abelson and David J. Fine, 461, 497. New York: Rabbinical Assembly, 2002. ISBN 0-916219-19-4. (implications of the definition of a firstborn child for who is the mother of a child born by artificial insemination).
* Mayer Rabinowitz. "Women Raise Your Hands." New York: Rabbinical Assembly, 1994. OH 128:2.1994a. Reprinted in *Responsa: 1991–2000: The Committee on Jewish Law and Standards of the Conservative Movement*. Edited by Kassel Abelson and David J. Fine, 9–12. New York: Rabbinical Assembly, 2002. ISBN 0-916219-19-4. (implications of redemption of the firstborn for women's participation in the priestly blessing).
* Suzanne A. Brody. "Census." In *Dancing in the White Spaces: The Yearly Torah Cycle and More Poems*, 93. Shelbyville, Kentucky: Wasteland Press, 2007. ISBN 1-60047-112-9.
* Esther Jungreis. *Life Is a Test*, 184–85. Brooklyn: Shaar Press, 2007. ISBN 1-4226-0609-0.

## Pranala luar

### Naskah
* Masoretic text and 1917 JPS translation
* Hear the parashah chanted
* Hear the parashah read in Hebrew

### Tafsiran

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* Academy for Jewish Religion, California 
* Academy for Jewish Religion, New York
* Aish.com 
* Akhlah: The Jewish Children’s Learning Network 
* American Jewish University 
* Anshe Emes Synagogue, Los Angeles 
* Ari Goldwag 
* Bar-Ilan University
* Chabad.org
* eparsha.com
* G-dcast 
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* The Israel Koschitzky Virtual Beit Midrash 
* Jewish Agency for Israel 
* Jewish Theological Seminary 
* Mechon Hadar 
* Miriam Aflalo 
* MyJewishLearning.com 
* Ohr Sameach
* ON Scripture — The Torah 
* Orthodox Union
* OzTorah, Torah from Australia
* Oz Ve Shalom — Netivot Shalom 
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* Pardes from Jerusalem 
* Rabbi Dov Linzer
* RabbiShimon.com 
* Rabbi Shlomo Riskin 
* Rabbi Shmuel Herzfeld 
* Rav Pam 
* Reconstructionist Judaism 
* Sephardic Institute 
* Shiur.com
* 613.org Jewish Torah Audio 
* Tanach Study Center
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* Teach613.org, Torah Education at Cherry Hill
* Torah from Dixie 
* Torah.org
* TorahVort.com
* Union for Reform Judaism 
* United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth
* United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism 
* What's Bothering Rashi?
* Yeshiva University
* Yeshivat Chovevei Torah

## Referensi