John Ford

**John Martin Feeney** (1 Februari 1894 – 31 Agustus 1973), lebih dikenal sebagai **John Ford**, adalah seorang sutradara dan produser film Amerika. Ia dianggap sebagai salah satu pembuat film paling penting dan berpengaruh selama Zaman Keemasan Hollywood, dan merupakan salah satu sutradara Amerika pertama yang diakui sebagai auteur. Dalam kariernya yang lebih dari 50 tahun, ia menyutradarai lebih dari 130 film antara tahun 1917 dan 1970 (meskipun sebagian besar film bisunya kini menjadi hilang), dan menerima rekor empat Academy Award untuk Sutradara Terbaik atas *[[The Informer (film 1935)|The Informer]]* (1935), *[[The Grapes of Wrath (film)|The Grapes of Wrath]]* (1940), *[[How Green Was My Valley (film)|How Green Was My Valley]]* (1941), dan *[[The Quiet Man]]* (1952).

Ford terkenal karena film-film Baratnya, seperti *[[Stagecoach (film 1939)|Stagecoach]]* (1939), *[[My Darling Clementine]]* (1946), *[[Fort Apache (film)|Fort Apache]]* (1948), *[[The Searchers]]* (1956), dan *[[The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance]]* (1962); meskipun ia bekerja di banyak genre lain, termasuk komedi, drama periode, dan dokumenter. Ia sering menggunakan pengambilan gambar lokasi dan pengambilan gambar lebar, di mana karakternya dibingkai dengan latar medan alam yang luas, keras, dan terjal. Dia dianggap sebagai orang yang meluncurkan karier beberapa bintang Hollywood terbesar pada tahun 1930-an, 1940-an, dan 1950-an, termasuk John Wayne, Henry Fonda, Maureen O'Hara dan James Stewart.

Karya Ford sangat dihormati oleh orang-orang sezamannya, dengan Akira Kurosawa, Orson Welles, Frank Capra, Andrei Tarkovsky, dan Ingmar Bergman menobatkannya sebagai salah satu sutradara terbaik sepanjang masa. Generasi sutradara berikutnya, termasuk banyak tokoh utama gerakan New Hollywood, telah mengutip pengaruhnya. Harvard Film Archive menulis bahwa "luas dan ukuran kontribusi utama Ford terhadap Zaman Keemasan sinema Hollywood, dan bahasa film secara umum, masih agak sulit untuk dibedakan.... Jarang diakui secara penuh adalah pencapaian besar Ford sebagai penata visual yang sempurna dan pendongeng ulung."

## Filmografi
### Film Bisu

* *The Tornado* (1917)
* *The Scrapper* (1917)
* *The Soul Herder* (1917)
* *Cheyenne's Pal* (1917)
* *Straight Shooting* (1917)
* *The Secret Man* (1917)
* *A Marked Man* (1917)
* *[[Bucking Broadway]]* (1917)
* *The Phantom Riders* (1918)
* *Wild Women* (1918)
* *Thieves' Gold* (1918)
* *The Scarlet Drop* (1918)
* *Hell Bent* (1918)
* *A Woman's Fool* (1918)
* *Three Mounted Men* (1918)
* *Roped* (1919)
* *The Fighting Brothers* (1919)
* *A fight for love* (1919)
* *By Indian Post* (1919)
* *The Rustlers* (1919)
* *Bare Fists* (1919)
* *Gun Law* (1919)
* *The Gun Packer* (1919)
* *Riders of Vengeance* (1919)
* *The Last Outlaw* (1919)
* *The Outcasts of Poker Flat* (1919)
* *The Ace of the Saddle* (1919)
* *The Rider of the Law* (1919)
* *A Gun Fightin' Gentleman* (1919)
* *Marked Men* (1919)
* *The Prince of Avenue* (1920)
* *The Girl in No. 29* (1920)
* *Hitchin' Posts* (1920)
* * Just Pals* (1920), Fox Films
* * The Big Punch* (1920), Fox Films
* * The Freeze Out* (1921)
* * The wallop* (1921)
* * Desperate Trails* (1921)
* * Action* (1921)
* * Sure Fire* (1921)
At this point he moved to Fox Films
* * Jackie* (1921)

**Sebagai John Ford:**

* *Hoodman Blind* (1923)
* *[[The Iron Horse (film)|The Iron Horse]]* (1924)
* *Kentucky Pride* (1925)
* *3 Bad Men* (1926)
* *Upstream* (1927)
* *[[Hangman's House]]* (1928), producer & director (uncredited)

### Film Suara

* *[[Mother Machree]]* (1928), part sound
* *[[Four Sons]]* (1928), part sound
* *Riley the Cop* (1928)
* *Strong Boy* (1929)
* *[[The Black Watch]]* (1929)
* *Salute* (1929)
* *[[Men Without Women (film)|Men Without Women]]* (1930)
* *[[Born Reckless (1930 film)|Born Reckless]]* (1930)
* *[[Up the River]]* (1930)
* *The Brat* (1931)
* *[[Arrowsmith (film)|Arrowsmith]]* (1931)
* *[[Airmail (film)|Airmail]]* (1932) 
* *[[Flesh (1932 film)|Flesh]]* (1932)
* *Pilgrimage* (1933)
* *Doctor Bull* (1933)
* *[[The Lost Patrol (1934 film)|The Lost Patrol]]* (1934)
* *The World Moves On* (1934)
* *Judge Priest* (1934)
* *The Whole Town's Talking* (1935)
* *[[The Informer (film)|The Informer]]* (1935)
* *Steamboat Round the Bend* (1935)
* *The Prisoner of Shark Island* (1936)
* *[[Mary of Scotland (film)|Mary of Scotland]]* (1936)
* *The Plough and the Stars* (1936)
* *[[Wee Willie Winkie (film)|Wee Willie Winkie]]* (1937)
* *Four Men and a Prayer* (1938)
* *[[The Hurricane (1937 film)|The Hurricane]]* (1937)
* *[[Submarine Patrol]]* (1938)
* *[[Stagecoach (film)|Stagecoach]]* (1939)
* *[[Young Mr. Lincoln]]* (1939)
* *[[Drums Along the Mohawk]]* (1939)
* *[[The Grapes of Wrath (film)|The Grapes of Wrath]]* (1940)
* *[[The Long Voyage Home]]* (1940)
* *[[Tobacco Road (film)|Tobacco Road]]* (1941)
* *[[How Green Was My Valley (film)|How Green Was My Valley]]* (1941)
* *[[They Were Expendable]]* (1945)
* *[[My Darling Clementine]]* (1946)
* *[[The Fugitive (1947 film)|The Fugitive]]* (1947)
* *[[Fort Apache (film)|Fort Apache]]* (1948)
* *[[3 Godfathers]]* (1948)
* *[[Pinky (1949 film)|Pinky]]* (1949, uncredited)
* *[[She Wore a Yellow Ribbon]]* (1949)
* *[[Wagon Master]]* (1950)
* *[[Rio Grande (film)|Rio Grande]]* (1950)
* *When Willie Comes Marching Home* (1950)
* *[[The Quiet Man]]* (1952)
* *[[What Price Glory? (1952 film)|What Price Glory?]]* (1952)
* *[[The Sun Shines Bright]]* (1953)
* *[[Mogambo]]* (1953)
* *The Long Gray Line* (1955)
* *[[Mister Roberts]]* (1955, replaced by Mervyn LeRoy)
* *The Bamboo Cross* (1955), made for TV
* *[[The Searchers (film)|The Searchers]]* (1956)
* *[[The Wings of Eagles]]* (1957)
* *[[The Rising of the Moon (1957 film)|The Rising of the Moon]]* (1957)
* *[[The Last Hurrah (1958 film)|The Last Hurrah]]* (1958)
* *[[Gideon of Scotland Yard]]* (1958) (UK: Gideon's Day (film))
* *[[The Horse Soldiers]]* (1959)
* *[[Sergeant Rutledge]]* (1960)
* *[[The Alamo (1960 film)|The Alamo]]* (1960, some 2nd unit work)
* *[[Two Rode Together]]* (1961)
* *[[The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance]]* (1962)
* *[[How the West Was Won (film)|How the West Was Won]]* (1962), The Civil War segment
* *[[Donovan's Reef]]* (1963)
* *[[Cheyenne Autumn]]* (1964)
* *[[7 Women]]* (1966)

### Dokumentari dan Kecil

* *[[Napoleon's Barber]]* (1928, short sound film)
* *[[Sex Hygiene]]* (1942, documentary)
* *[[The Battle of Midway]]* (1942, documentary)
* *[[We Sail at Midnight]]* (1943, documentary)
* *[[December 7th (film)|December 7]]* (1943, documentary)
* *[[This is Korea!]]* (1951, documentary)
* *Korea* (1959, documentary)
* *[[Vietnam! Vietnam!]]* (1971, documentary)
* ** (1976, documentary)

## Sumber Lain

* Bogdanovich, Peter, *John Ford*, Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press, revised 1978
* Cowie, Peter, *John Ford and the American West*, Harry Abrams Inc., New York, 2004
* Eyman, Scott, *Print the Legend*, 1999.
* Ford, Dan, *The Unquiet Man: The Life of John Ford*, 1982.
* Gallagher, Tag, *John Ford: The Man and His Films*, 1985.
* Mitry, Jean, *John Ford*, 1954.
* McBride, Joseph, *Searching for John Ford: A Life*, 2001.
* Rollet, Patrice and Nicolas Saada, *John Ford*, 1990.
* Sinclair, Andrew, *John Ford*, 1979.

## Referensi

## Pranala luar

* 
* Ford biography - at Yahoo! Movies
* ''"Ford Till '47"'' - by Tag Gallagher - at SensesofCinema.com
* ''"John Ford"'' - by Richard Franklin - at SensesofCinema.com
* Ford biography (with film poster illustration) - at ReelClassics.com
* Biography of Rear Admiral John Ford; U.S. Naval Reserve  - at Naval Historical Center
* ''"Oral History - Battle of Midway:Recollections of Commander John Ford"''  - at Naval Historical Center
* John Ford Bibliography - at Film.Virtual-History.com
* ''"John Ford"'' - at TheyShootPictures.com
* John Ford document collection  - at the Edmonton Public Library