Orientalisme

**Orientalisme** adalah istilah yang merujuk pada peniruan atau penggambaran unsur-unsur budaya Timur di Barat oleh para penulis, desainer, dan seniman.

Sejak abad ke-19, "orientalis" telah menjadi istilah tradisional untuk para ahli dalam bidang studi Oriental. Orientalisme lebih digunakan secara luas sebagai istilah yang merujuk pada karya-karya seniman Prancis pada abad ke-19, yang mengandung unsur-unsur yang didapat dari perjalanan mereka ke negara-negara di luar Eropa, khususnya Afrika Utara dan Asia Barat.

## Catatan kaki

* Referensi
* "China in Western Thought and Culture" *Dictionary of the History of Ideas*, etext, University of Virginia
* John E. Hill, translation, ''Hou Hanshu''
* Brian Whitaker, "Distorting Desire", review, Joseph Abbad, *Desiring Arabs*, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007, from Al-Bab.com, on Reflections of a Renegade blog site
* 
* Martin Kramer, "Edward Said's Splash" , from his book, *Ivory Towers on Sand: The Failure of Middle Eastern Studies in America*, Washington: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 2001, pp.&nbsp;27–43.
* Andre Gingrich, "Frontier Orientalism", Camp Catatonia blog
* Orientalism in the "History of Art", All Art
* Orientalist art and photography, London *Times Online*
* "Alexander Roubtzoff" (1884–1949), Artistic Association Alexander Roubtzoff
* "Edward Said and the Production of Knowledge", CitizenTrack
* "Orientalism as a tool of Colonialism", Citizen Track
* Articles & Analysis on Orientalists' Art Works 

## Bacaan lanjutan

* Balagangadhara, S. N. "The Future of the Present: Thinking Through Orientalism", *Cultural Dynamics*, Vol. 10, No. 2, (1998), pp.&nbsp;101–23. ISSN 0921-3740.
* Benjamin, Roger *Orientalist Aethetics, Art, Colonialism and French North Africa: 1880-1930*, U. of California Press, 2003
* Biddick, Kathleen. "Coming Out of Exile: Dante on the Orient(alism) Express", *The American Historical Review*, Vol.&nbsp;105, No.&nbsp;4. (Oct., 2000), pp.&nbsp;1234–1249.
* Crawley, William. "Sir William Jones: A vision of Orientalism", *Asian Affairs*, Vol.&nbsp;27, Issue&nbsp;2. (Jun. 1996), pp.&nbsp;163–176.
* Fleming, K.E. "Orientalism, the Balkans, and Balkan Historiography", *The American Historical Review*, Vol.&nbsp;105, No.&nbsp;4. (Oct., 2000), pp.&nbsp;1218–1233.
* Halliday, Fred. "'Orientalism' and Its Critics", *British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies*, Vol.&nbsp;20, No.&nbsp;2. (1993), pp.&nbsp;145–163.
* Irwin, Robert. *For lust of knowing: The Orientalists and their enemies*. London: Penguin/Allen Lane, 2006 (ISBN 0-7139-9415-0)
* Kabbani, Rana. *Imperial Fictions: Europe's Myths of Orient*. London: Pandora Press, 1994 (ISBN 0-04-440911-7).
* Kalmar, Ivan Davidson & Derek Penslar. *Orientalism and the Jews* Brandeis 2005
* Klein, Christina. *Cold War Orientalism: Asia in the Middlebrow Imagination, 1945–1961*. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003 (ISBN 0-520-22469-8; paperback, ISBN 0-520-23230-5).
* Knight, Nathaniel. "Grigor'ev in Orenburg, 1851–1862: Russian Orientalism in the Service of Empire?", *[[Slavic Review]]*, Vol.&nbsp;59, No.&nbsp;1. (Spring, 2000), pp.&nbsp;74–100.
* Kontje, Todd. *German Orientalisms*. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2004 (ISBN 0-472-11392-5).
* Little, Douglas. *American Orientalism: The United States and the Middle East Since 1945*. (2nd ed. 2002 ISBN 1-86064-889-4).
* Lowe, Lisa. *Critical Terrains: French and British Orientalisms*. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1992 (ISBN 978-0-8014-8195-6).
* Macfie, Alexander Lyon. *Orientalism*. White Plains, NY: Longman, 2002 (ISBN 0-582-42386-4).
* MacKenzie, John. *Orientalism: History, theory and the arts*. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1995 (ISBN 0-7190-4578-9).
* Murti, Kamakshi P. *India: The Seductive and Seduced "Other" of German Orientalism*. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2001 (ISBN 0-313-30857-8).
* *Noble dreams, wicked pleasures: Orientalism in America, 1870–1930* by Holly Edwards (Editor). Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000 (ISBN 0-691-05004-X).
* *Orientalism and the Jews*, edited by Ivan Davidson Kalmar and Derek Penslar. Waltham, MA: Brandeis University Press, 2004 (ISBN 1-58465-411-2).
* Oueijan, Naji. *The Progress of an Image: The east in English Literature*. New York: Peter Lang Publishers, 1996.
* Peltre, Christine. *Orientalism in Art*. New York: Abbeville Publishing Group (Abbeville Press, Inc.), 1998 (ISBN 0-7892-0459-2).
* Prakash, Gyan. "Orientalism Now", *History and Theory*, Vol.&nbsp;34, No.&nbsp;3. (Oct., 1995), pp.&nbsp;199–212.
* Rotter, Andrew&nbsp;J. "Saidism without Said: Orientalism and U.S. Diplomatic History", *The American Historical Review*, Vol.&nbsp;105, No.&nbsp;4. (Oct., 2000), pp.&nbsp;1205–1217.
* Said, Edward W. *[[Orientalism (book)|Orientalism]]*. New York: Pantheon Books, 1978 ISBN 0-394-74067-X).
* Varisco, Daniel Martin. "Reading Orientalism: Said and the Unsaid." Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2007. (ISBN 978-0-295-98752-1).

## Pranala luar

*  Academic Information Centre 
*  Ancient Indian & Iran Trust, London UK 
*  Eurasian Orientalist Server 
*  The Orientalist Painters
*  The Orientalists' Art Works Gallery 
*  Orientalism 25 Years Later, oleh Said in 2003