Avro Lancaster

**Avro Lancaster** adalah sebuah pesawat pembom berat bermesin empat yang diproduksi oleh Avro Manufactory di Inggris. Pesawat ini awalnya bermesin dua, tetapi karena jarak yang nantinya ditempuh jauh, maka dibuat bermesin empat agar pesawat tetap terbang maksimal tanpa gangguan.

Avro sempat membuat Jerman ketar-ketir, apalagi setelah Tragedi Dresden, dimana para medis dan orang tak berdosa (pengungsi) dijatuhi bom oleh Avro ini. Pada jam 10.15 malam sebanyak 800 pesawat bomber dan pesawat-pesawat tempur pengawal Inggris memenuhi langit Dresden dan menumpahkan berton-ton bom penghancur. Namun, itu semua masih belum berakhir karena tiga serangan lanjutan telah direncanakan tentara sekutu: 15 Februari, 3 Maret, dan 17 April 1945 dengan total pesawat pengebom mencapai 1.172 unit. Korban tewas diperkirakan mencapai 400.000 jiwa, atau bahkan lebih. Dan karena Jerman tidak memiliki cukup orang untuk melakukan evakuasi, mayat-mayat hanya disemprot dengan disinfektan atau api kemudian dikubur bersama reruntuhan bangunan.

Avro semakin membuat namanya gemilang, prestasi yang dibuat cukup menggetarkan Jerman saat itu, karena Avro jugalah yang menenggelamkan saudari dari , 

Dengan kecepatan 282&nbsp;km/jam mampu menempuh jarak 4,073&nbsp;km dan dipersenjatai:
* 4 senjata senapan mesin kaliber 7,62&nbsp;mm di depan
* 4 senjata senapan mesin yang sama di kokpit belakang
* Bom seberat 6.400&nbsp;kg dan Grand Slam seberat 10.000&nbsp;kg

## Referensi

### Catatan

### Kutipan

### Daftar pustaka

* *A.P. 22062A-P.N.: Pilot's and Flight Engineer's Notes for Lancaster. Mark I – Four Merlin XX, 22 or 24 Engines. Mark III – Four Merlin 28 or 38 Engines*. London: Air Ministry, May 1944. No ISBN
* Bridgman, Leonard. *Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II*. New York: Crescent Books, 1988. .
* Brown, Eric. "Wings on my Sleeve". London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2016. .
* Buttler, Tony. *British Secret Projects: Fighters & Bombers 1935–1950*. Hinckley: Midland Publishing, 2004. .
* Chant, Christopher. *Lancaster: The History of Britain's Most Famous World War II Bomber*. Bath, UK: Parragon, 2003. .
* Chorlton, Martyn. *Avro Lancaster Mk I and Mk III: Database*. Cudham, Kent, UK: Kelsey Publishing, 2011.
* Cotter, Jarrod. *Living Lancasters: Keeping the Legend Alive*. Thrupp, Stroud, UK: Sutton Publishing, 2005. .
* Falconer, Jonathan. *Bomber Command Handbook 1939–1945*. Thrupp, Stroud, UK: Sutton Publishing, 2003, .
* Franks, Norman. *Claims to Fame: The Lancaster*. London: Arms & Armour Press, 1995. .
* Franks, Richard A. *The Avro Lancaster, Manchester and Lincoln: A Comprehensive Guide for the Modeller*. London: SAM Publications, 2000. .
* Galland, Adolf. *The First and the Last: Germany's Fighter Force in WWII* (Fortunes of War). Black Hawk, Colorado: Cerberus Press, 2005. .
* Goulding, Brian and M. Garbett. *The Avro Lancaster I: Aircraft in Profile Number 65*. Leatherhead, Surrey, UK: Profile Publications, 1966.
* Gunston, Bill. "World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines – 5th Edition." Sutton Publishing, 2006. .
* Hastings, Sir Max. *Bomber Command* (Pan Grand Strategy Series). London: Pan Books, 1999. .
* Holmes, Harry. *Avro Lancaster (Combat Legend series)*. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd., 2002. .
* Holmes, Harry. *Avro Lancaster. The Definitive Record 2nd Edition.* Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd, 2001. .
* "The Immortal Lanc". *Wings* Volume 1, Part 8, 1977. London: Orbis Publishing Ltd.
* Iveson, Tony. *Lancaster: The Biography.* London: Andre Deutsch Ltd, 2009. .
* Jackson, A.J. *Avro Aircraft since 1908, 2nd edition*. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books, 1990. .
* Jacobs, Peter. *The Lancaster Story*. London: Arms & Armour Press, 1996. .
* Lyzun, Jim. "From Warhorse to Workhorse: Lancaster Mk.10 Variants in Canada". *[[Air Enthusiast]]*, No. 86, March/April 2000, pp.&nbsp;16–26. .
* Knott, Richard. *Black Night for Bomber Command – The Tragedy of 16 December 1943*. Pen & Sword, 2007. .
* Mackay, R.S.G. *Lancaster in action*. Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications Inc., 1982. .
* Mantelli, Brown, Kittel, Graf. "Avro Lancaster – Handley Page Halifax – Short S.29 Stirling." *Edizioni R.E.I.*, 2017. .
* Mason, Francis K. *The British Bomber since 1914*. London: Putnam, 1994. .
* Mason, Tim. *The Secret Years: Flight Testing at Boscombe Down 1939–1945*. Manchester, UK: Hikoki, 1998. .
* McKinstry, Leo. *Lancaster: the Second World War's Greatest Bomber*. London: John Murray, 2009. .
* Moyes, Philip J.R. *Avro Lancaster I & II*. Kidlington, Oxford, UK: Vintage Aviation Publications Ltd., 1979. .
* Moyes, Philip J.R. *The Handley Page Halifax B.III, VI, VII*. Leatherhead, Surrey, UK: Profile Publications, 1966.
* Neillands, Robin. "The Conquest of the Reich: D-Day to VE Day—A Soldiers' History". New York: NYU Press, 1995. .
* Norris, Geoffrey. *The Short Stirling, Aircraft in Profile Number 142*. Windsor, Berkshire, UK: Profile Publications Ltd., 1966.
* Page, Bette. *Mynarski's Lanc: The Story of Two Famous Canadian Lancaster Bombers KB726 & FM213.* Erin, Ontario, Canada: Boston Mills Press, 1989. .
* Richards, Denis. *The Hardest Victory: RAF Bomber Command in the Second World War*. London: Coronet, 1995. .
* Robertson, Bruce. *Lancaster: The Story of a Famous Bomber*. Watford, Hertfordshire, UK: Argus Books Ltd., Fifth impression 1977, First impression 1964. .
* Sweetman, Bill. *Avro Lancaster*. London: Jane's Publishing Company Ltd., 1982. .
* Tarring, Trevor and Mark Joseland. *Archie Frazer-Nash&nbsp;... Engineer*. London: The Frazer Nash Archives, 2011. .
* Taylor, John W. R. "Avro Lancaster". *Combat Aircraft of the World from 1909 to the present*. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1969. .
* Winchester, Jim. "Avro Lancaster". *Aircraft of World War II: The Aviation Factfile*. Kent, UK: Grange Books plc, 2004. .

## Bacaan lanjutan
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## Pranala luar

* The Lancaster Archive
* Surviving Birmingham and Manchester made Avro Lancasters 
* The Lancaster's electronic equipment
* Avro 683 Lancaster
* "The Avro Lancaster" a 1942 *Flight* article
* Virtual tour of "Just Jane" at Lincolnshire Aviation Heritage Centre
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