Sinema Italia

**Sinema Italia** meliputi film-film yang dibuat di Italia atau oleh sutradara Italia. Sejak pengembangan industri film Italia pada awal 1900an, para pembuat film dan penampil Italia, selama beberapa waktu, meraih keberhasilan domestik dan internasional, dan memengaruhi gerakan film di seluruh dunia. Pada 2014, film-film Italia memenangkann 14 Academy Awards untuk Film Berbahasa Asing Terbaik, menjadikannya sebagai negara yang paling banyak mendapatkan penghargaan tersebut ketimbang negara lainnya, serta 12 Palme d'Or, yang menjadikannya sebagai negara kedua yang paling banyak mendapatkan penghargaan tersebut ketimbang negara lainnya.

Film-film Italia awal biasanya diadaptasi dari buku atau permainan panggung. Pada 1910an, para pembuat film Italia membuat film-film pendahulu seperti *[[Quo Vadis (film 1912)|Quo Vadis]]* (1912) buatan Enrico Guazzoni dan *[[Cabiria]]* (1914) buatan Giovanni Pastrone. Salah satu gerakan sinematik pertama, Futurisme Italia, terjadi di Italia pada akhir 1910an. Setelah 1920an, industri film Italia diperbaharui pada 1930an dengan kedatangan film bersuara. Sebuah genre Italia terkenal pada masa tersebut, *[[Telefoni Bianchi]]*, terdiri dari komedi-komedi dengan latar belakang kemewahan.

Ketika pemerintahan Fasis di Italia memberikan dukungan keuangan untuk industri film di negara tersebut, kebanyakan film dibuat di studio-studio Cinecittà. Film-film tersebut juga mengalami penyensoran, dan beberapa film Italia yang dibuat pada akhir 1930an merupakan film propaganda. Italia pada masa Pasca-Perang Dunia II mengalami kebangkitan gerakan neorealis Italia yang berpengaruh, yang meluncurkan karier penyutradaraan Luchino Visconti, Roberto Rossellini, dan Vittorio De Sica.

## Referensi

* Bacon, Henry. 1998. *Visconti: Explorations of Beauty and Decay*. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
* Ben-Ghiat, Ruth. 'The Fascist War Trilogy'. Forgacs, David, Lutton, Sarah and Nowell-Smith Geoffrey. Eds. *Roberto Rossellini: Magician of the Real*. London: BFI
* Bernardi, Sandro. 2000. 'Rosselini's Landscapes: Nature, Myth, History'. Forgacs, David, Lutton, Sarah and Nowell-Smith Geoffrey. Eds. *Roberto Rossellini: Magician of the Real*. London: BFI
* Bondanella, Peter. 2002. *The Films of Federico Fellini*. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-57573-7
* Bondanella, Peter. 3rd edition. 2002. *Italian Cinema: From Neorealism to the Present*. New York and London: Continuum
* Celli, Carlo, Cottino-Jones, Marga. 2007. "A New Guide to Italian Cinema". New York: Palgrave MacMillan
* Cherchi Usai, Paolo. 1997. ' Italy: Spectacle and Melodrama'. Nowell-Smith Geoffrey Ed: *Oxford History of World Cinema*. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
* Clark, Martin. 1984. *Modern Italy 1871-1982*. London: Longman
* Forgacs, David. 2000. 'Introduction: Rossellini and the Critics'. Forgacs, David, Lutton, Sarah and Nowell-Smith Geoffrey. Eds. *Roberto Rossellini: Magician of the Real*. London: BFI
* Forgacs, David, Lutton, Sarah and Nowell-Smith Geoffrey. Eds. 2000. *Roberto Rossellini: Magician of the Real*. London: BFI
* Gesù Sebastiano e Laura Maccarrone (a cura di), Ercole Patti. Un letterato al cinema, Giuseppe Maimone Editore, Catania 2004
* Gesù Sebastiano *L'Etna nel cinema. Un vulcano di celluloide*, Giuseppe Maimone Editore, Catania, 2005
* *Verga e il cinema. Con una sceneggiatura verghiana inedita di Cavalleria rusticana*, testo di Gesualdo Bufalino a cura di Nino Genovese e Sebastiano Gesù, Giuseppe Maimone Editore, Catania, 1996
* Gesù Sebastiano (a cura di), *Francesco Rosi*, Giuseppe Maimone Editore, Catania 1993
* Gesù Sebastiano, Elena Russo, *Le Madonie, cinema ad alte quote*, Giuseppe Maimone Editore, Catania 1995 (Nuovo Cinema Paradiso e L'Uomo delle Stelle)
* Indiana, Gary. 2000. *Salo or The 120 Days of Sodom*. London, BFI
* Kemp, Philip. 2002. 'The Son's Room'. *Sight and Sound*. Vol 12 No 3 March p.&nbsp;56
* Kezich Tullio e Sebastiano Gesù (a cura di), Salvatore Giuliano, Giuseppe Maimone Editore, Catania 1993
* Landy, Marcia. 2000. *Italian Film*. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
* Mancini, Elaine. 1985 *Struggles of the Italian Film Industry during Fascism 1930-1935* Ann Arbor: UMI Press
* Marcus, Millicent. 1993. *Filmmaking by the Book*. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press
* Marcus, Millicent. 1986. *Italian Film in the Light of Neorealism*. Princeton: Princeton University Press
* Morandini, Morando. 1997. ' Vittorio de Sica' . Nowell-Smith Geoffrey Ed: *Oxford History of World Cinema*. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
* Morandini, Morando. 1997. 'Italy from Fascism to Neo-Realism'. Nowell-Smith Geoffrey Ed: *Oxford History of World Cinema*. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
* Nowell-Smith, Geoffrey. 2003 3rd edition. *Luchino Visconti*. London: British Film Institute
* Nowell-Smith, Geoffrey. 2000. 'North and South, East and West': Rossellini and Politics. Forgacs, David, Lutton, Sarah and Nowell-Smith Geoffrey. Eds. *Roberto Rossellini: Magician of the Real*. London: BFI
* Rohdie, Sam. 2002. *Fellini Lexicon*. London: BFI
* Rohdie, Sam. 2000. 'India' Forgacs, David, Lutton, Sarah and Nowell-Smith Geoffrey. Eds. *Roberto Rossellini: Magician of the Real*. London: BFI
* Rohdie, Sam. *Rocco and his Brothers*. London: BFI
* Sitney, P. Adams. 1995. *Vital Crises in Italian Cinema*. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-77688-8
* Sorlin, Pierre. 1996. *Italian National Cinema*. London: Routledge
* Wagstaff, Christopher. 2000. 'Rossellini and Neo-Realism'. Forgacs, David, Lutton, Sarah and Nowell-Smith Geoffrey. Eds. *Roberto Rossellini: Magician of the Real*. London: BFI
* Wood, Mary. 2002. 'Bernado Bertolucci in context': Tasker Yvonne: *Fifty Contemporary Filmmakers*. London: Routledge
* Wood, Michael. 2003. 'Death becomes Visconti'. *Sight and Sound*, May 2003 Volume 13 Issue 5, pp 24–27

## Pranala luar
* Italica - Moments of Italian Cinema 
* Italian Cinema Special, May 2010 issue of Sight & Sound magazine 
* Italian Production Agency 
* Italian Movie Database