Alap-alap eurasia

**Alap-alap eurasia** atau **kestrel umum** (***Falco''' '''tinnunculus***) adalah jenis burung pemangsa dari famili Falconidae.

## Karakteristik
Alap-alap eurasia jantan memiliki kepala berwarna abu-abu dengan garis pipi gelap. Bagian atas tubuhnya berwarna coklat kemerahan dengan bintik-bintik gelap. Adapun bagian bawahnya kekuningan pucat dengan garis-garis gelap. Pada bagian bawah sayap umumnya berwarna keputihan disertai tanda gelap. Bagian atas sayap terbang memiliki dua warna.

Pada kepala alap-alap eurasia betina terdapat mahkota berwarna coklat dengan garis-garis gelap. Tubuh bagian atas berwarna coklat pucat agak kusam dengan pola-pola gelap berbentuk segitiga atau batang. Adapun bagian bawahnya bergaris gelap merata. Bagian bawah sayap umumnya berwarna keputihan

## Galeri

Berkas:Falco tinnunculus alexandri MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.94.6.jpg|Telur alap-alap eurasia


## Catatan kaki

## Referensi
* Álamo Tavío, Manuel (1975): Aves de Fuerteventura en peligro de extinción ["Birds of Fuerteventura threatened with extinction"]. *In:* Asociación Canaria para Defensa de la Naturaleza (ed.): *Aves y plantas de Fuerteventura en peligro de extinción*: 10-32 [in Spanish].
* AnAge [2010]: ''Falco tinnunculus'' life history data. Retrieved 2010-AUG-01.
* 
* Groombridge, Jim J.; Jones, Carl G.; Bayes, Michelle K.; van Zyl, Anthony J.; Carrillo, José; Nichols, Richard A. & Bruford, Michael W. (2002): A molecular phylogeny of African kestrels with reference to divergence across the Indian Ocean . *[[Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution]]* **25**(2): 267–277. 
* Inskipp, Carol; Inskipp, Tim & Sherub (2000): The ornithological importance of Thrumshingla National Park, Bhutan.  *[[Forktail (journal)|Forktail]]* **14**: 147-162.
* Mangoverde World Bird Guide (MWBG) [2009]: Eurasian Kestrel ''Falco tinnunculus''. Retrieved 2009-JAN-02.
* Mlíkovský, Jirí (2002): *[http://www.nm.cz/download/JML-18-2002-CBE.pdf Cenozoic Birds of the World] * (Part 1: Europe). Ninox Press, Prague.  
* Mourer-Chauviré, C.; Philippe, M.; Quinif, Y.; Chaline, J.; Debard, E.; Guérin, C. & Hugueney, M. (2003): Position of the palaeontological site Aven I des Abîmes de La Fage, at Noailles (Corrèze, France), in the European Pleistocene chronology. *Boreas* **32**: 521–531. 
* Orta, Jaume (1994): 26. Common Kestrel. *In:* del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew & Sargatal, Jordi (editors): *[[Handbook of Birds of the World]], Volume 2 (New World vultures to Guineafowl)*: 259-260, plates 26. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. ISBN 84-87334-15-6
* Peterson, A. Townsend; Brooks, Thomas; Gamauf, Anita; Gonzalez, Juan Carlos T.; Mallari, Neil Aldrin D.; Dutson, Guy; Bush, Sarah E. & Fernandez, Renato (2008): The Avifauna of Mt. Kitanglad, Bukidnon Province, Mindanao, Philippines.  *[[Fieldiana Zoology|Fieldiana Zool.]] New Series* **114**: 1–43. DOI:10.3158/0015-0754(2008)114[1:TAOMKB]2.0.CO;2
* Rasmussen, Pamela C. & Anderton, John T. (2005): *[[Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide]]* (Vol. 2). Smithsonian Institution & Lynx Edicions.
* Steen, R., Løw, L.M. & Sonerud, T. 2011a. Delivery of Common Lizards (Zootoca *Lacerta vivipara*) to nests of Eurasian Kestrels (Falco tinnunculus) determined by solar height and ambient temperature. - Canadian Journal of Zoology. 89: 199–205.
* Steen, R., Løw, L.M., Sonerud, G.A., Selås, V. & Slagsvold, T. 2011b. Prey delivery rates as estimates of prey consumption by Eurasian Kestrel (''Falco tinnunculus'').  - Ardea. 99: 1-8.
* Viitala, Jussi; Korpimäki, Erkki; Palokangas, Päivi & Koivula, Minna: Attraction of kestrels to vole scent marks visible in ultraviolet light. *[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]* **373**(6513): 425 - 427 
* Whistler, Hugh (1949): *[http://www.archive.org/stream/popularhandbooko033226mbp#page/n435/mode/2up Popular handbook of Indian birds]* (4th ed.). Gurney and Jackson, London.
* Wiles, Gary J.; Worthington, David J.; Beck, Robert E. Jr.; Pratt, H. Douglas; Aguon, Celestino F. & Pyle, Robert L. (2000): Noteworthy bird records for Micronesia, with a summary of raptor sightings in the Mariana Islands, 1988-1999.  *Micronesica* **32**(2): 257-284.
* Wiles, Gary J.; Johnson, Nathan C.; de Cruz, Justine B.; Dutson, Guy; Camacho, Vicente A.; Kepler, Angela Kay; Vice, Daniel S.; Garrett, Kimball L.; Kessler, Curt C. & Pratt, H. Douglas (2004): New and Noteworthy Bird Records for Micronesia, 1986–2003. *Micronesica* **37**(1): 69–96.

## Pranala luar
*  Rock Kestrel - Species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds.
*  ARKive - images and movies of the kestrel ''(Falco tinnunculus)'' 
*  Kestrels in Israel
*  Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
*  Text of the Hopkins poem
*  Kestrel on-line 2012: Brest, Belarus
*  Kestrel on-line 2012: Groningen, The Netherlands 
*  Live Streaming of Common Kestrel nest in Amadora, Portugal