Ular-derik besar

**Ular-derik besar** atau **ular-derik sejati** adalah kelompok ular derik yang hanya bisa ditemukan di Amerika tersebar luas mulai dari Kanada bagian selatan lalu ke selatan hingga Brasil bagian utara dengan populasi terisolasi di Argentina bagian utara.

## Deskripsi

Semua jenis dari marga ini, sesuai dengan namanya, memiliki segmen derik di ekornya yang bisa menghasilkan suara bila digetarkan atau digoyangkan. Namun, ular ini hanya akan menggetarkan ekornya jika merasa terganggu.

### Jumlah ruas derik
Ular derik besar yang baru lahir hanya memiliki satu ruas derik. Ruas tersebut akan bertambah satu setiap ular ini berganti kulit hingga mencapai dewasa. Biasanya ular dewasa memiliki 8 sampai 14 ruas. Namun pernah ditemukan spesimen yang memiliki derik berjumlah hampir 30 ruas.

## Spesies

* *[[Crotalus adamanteus]]* PALISOT DE BEAUVOIS, 1799 - Ular-derik punggung-permata timur
* *[[Crotalus angelensis]]* KLAUBER, 1963
* *[[Crotalus aquilus]]* KLAUBER, 1952
* *[[Crotalus armstrongi]]* CAMPBELL, 1979
* *[[Crotalus atrox]]* BAIRD & GIRARD, 1853 - Ular-derik punggung-permata barat
* *[[Crotalus basiliscus]]* (COPE, 1864)
* *[[Crotalus campbelli]]* BRYSON JR, LINKEM, DORCAS, LATHROP, JONES, ALVARADO-DÍAZ,, GRÜNWALD & MURPHY, 2014
* *[[Crotalus catalinensis]]* CLIFF, 1954
* *[[Crotalus cerastes]]* HALLOWELL, 1854
* *[[Crotalus cerberus]]* (COUES, 1875)
* *[[Crotalus culminatus]]* KLAUBER, 1952
* *[[Crotalus durissus]]* LINNAEUS, 1758 - Cascabel
* *[[Crotalus enyo]]* (COPE, 1861)
* *[[Crotalus ericsmithi]]* CAMPBELL & FLORES-VILLELA, 2008
* *[[Crotalus estebanensis]]* KLAUBER, 1949
* *[[Crotalus horridus]]* LINNAEUS, 1758 - Ular-derik kayu
* *[[Crotalus intermedius]]* TROSCHEL, 1865
* *[[Crotalus lannomi]]* TANNER, 1966
* *[[Crotalus lepidus]]* (KENNICOTT, 1861)
* *[[Crotalus lorenzoensis]]* RADCLIFF & MASLIN, 1975
* *[[Crotalus mitchellii]]* (COPE, 1861)
* *[[Crotalus molossus]]* BAIRD & GIRARD, 1853
* *[[Crotalus morulus]]* KLAUBER, 1952
* *[[Crotalus oreganus]]* HOLBROOK, 1840 - Ular-derik Pasifik
* *[[Crotalus ornatus]]* HALLOWELL, 1854
* *[[Crotalus polisi]]* MEIK, SCHAACK, FLORES-VILLELA & STREICHER, 2018
* *[[Crotalus polystictus]]* (COPE, 1865)
* *[[Crotalus pricei]]* VAN DENBURGH, 1895
* *[[Crotalus pusillus]]* KLAUBER, 1952
* *[[Crotalus pyrrhus]]* (COPE, 1866)
* *[[Crotalus ravus]]* COPE, 1865
* *[[Crotalus ruber]]* COPE, 1892 - Ular-derik punggung-permata merah
* *[[Crotalus scutulatus]]* (KENNICOTT, 1861)
* *[[Crotalus simus]]* LATREILLE, 1801
* *[[Crotalus stejnegeri]]* DUNN, 1919
* *[[Crotalus stephensi]]* KLAUBER, 1930
* *[[Crotalus tancitarensis]]* ALVARADO-DÍAZ & CAMPBELL, 2004
* *[[Crotalus thalassoporus]]* MEIK, SCHAACK, FLORES-VILLELA & STREICHER, 2018
* *[[Crotalus tigris]]* KENNICOTT, 1859 - Ular-derik harimau
* *[[Crotalus tlaloci]]* BRYSON, LINKEM, DORCAS, LATHROP, JONES, ALVARADO-DÍAZ, GRÜNWALD & MURPHY, 2014
* *[[Crotalus totonacus]]* GLOYD & KAUFFELD, 1940
* *[[Crotalus transversus]]* TAYLOR, 1944
* *[[Crotalus triseriatus]]* (WAGLER, 1830)
* *[[Crotalus tzabcan]]* KLAUBER, 1952 - Tzabcan
* *[[Crotalus unicolor]]* VAN LIDTH DE JEUDE, 1887
* *[[Crotalus vegrandis]]* KLAUBER, 1941
* *[[Crotalus viridis]]* (RAFINESQUE, 1818)
* *[[Crotalus willardi]]* MEEK, 1905

## Referensi

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* Cope ED. 1883. Notes on the geographical distribution of batrachia and reptilia in western North America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia 35: 10-35[13].
* Coues E. 1875. Synopsis of the Reptiles and Batrachians of Arizona; with Critical and Field Notes, and an Extensive Synonymy, p.&nbsp;585-633.[609]. *In* Wheeler GM. 1875. Report Upon Geographical and Geological Explorations and Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian. Volume V. Zoology: Reports Upon the Zoological Collections Obtained from Portions of Nevada, Utah, California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, During the Years 1871, 1872, 1873, and 1874. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
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* Keegan HL. 1944. Indigo snakes feeding upon poisonous snakes. Copeia 1944(1): 59.
* Klauber LM. 1927. Some observations on the rattlesnakes of the extreme southwest. Bull. Antivenin Inst. Am. 1(1): 7-21.
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* Klauber LM. 1971. Classification, distribution and biology of the venomous snakes of northern Mexico, the United States and Canada: *Crotalus* and *Sistrurus*. pp.&nbsp;115–156 *In* Bucherl W, Buckley E. 1971. Venomous animals and their venoms, vol. 2. Venomous vertebrates. Academic Press, New York.
* Klauber LM. 1972. Rattlesnakes: Their habits, life histories, and influence on mankind. 2nd edition. 2 Vols. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
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* Rafinesque CS. 1815. *Analyse de la nature ou tableau de l'univers et des corps organisés*. Jean Barravecchia, Palermo. 224 pp. (Herpetol. section) pp.&nbsp;73–78[77].
* Rafinesque CS. 1820. Annals of Nature, or Annual Synopsys of New Genera and Species of Animals and Plants Discovered in North America. Lexington. (22): 1-16.[5].
* Reuss T. 1930. *Glasnik Zemaljskog Muzeja u Bosni I Hercegovini*. Sveska za Prirodne Nauke. 42: 57-114[60, 88].
* Wagler J. 1830. *Natürliches system der amphibien, mit vorangehender classification der Säugthiere und vögel. München, Stuttgart und Tübingen*. vi, 354 pp.[176], 9 pls.

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* ITIS: ''Crotalus'' Linnaeus, 1758
* ''Crotalus sp.'' @ Reptile Database
* ADW: Genus ''Crotalus''
* IUCN: ''Crotalus sp.''