Ismail al-Faruqi

**Ismaʻil Raji al Faruqi** () adalah seorang cendekiawan Muslim dalam bidang studi Islam dan dialog antaragama. Ia dikenal melalui pemikirannya perihal islamisasi ilmu pengetahuan dan *Urubah* (Arabisme). Ia juga dikenal atas kritik-kritiknya terhadap politik Zionisme.

## Masa muda
Ismail al-Faruqi lahir di Jaffa, Palestina pada tanggal 1 Januari 1921. Ayahnya, 'Abd al-Huda al-Faruqi, adalah seorang hakim Islam (*qadi*). Al-Faruqi menerima pendidikan agama awalnya di rumah dan di masjid setempat. Pada tahun 1936, ia mulai bersekolah di Collège des Frères di Jaffa.

Pada tahun 1941, ia lulus dari American University of Beirut. Kemudian, ia melanjutkan pendidikannya di Indiana University, di mana ia memperoleh gelar Master dalam filsafat dengan tesis berjudul *The Ethics of Reason and the Ethics of Life (Kantian and Nietzschean Ethics)* pada tahun 1949. Ia juga meraih gelar Master kedua dalam filsafat dari Harvard University pada tahun 1951 dan gelar Ph.D. dengan tesis berjudul *On Justifying the Good* dari Indiana University pada tahun 1952.

## Karier
Setelah menyelesaikan pendidikannya, al-Faruqi bekerja untuk pemerintah Inggris di Palestina. Pada tahun 1945, ia diangkat sebagai Gubernur Galilea. Setelah pencaplokan Palestina oleh Israel, al-Faruqi pindah ke Amerika Serikat.

Di Amerika, ia melanjutkan pendidikan Master dalam bidang filsafat di Indiana University dan Harvard University. Ia memperoleh gelar Ph.D. dengan tesis berjudul *On Justifying the Good* dari Indiana University pada tahun 1952.

Dia kemudian mengajar di berbagai universitas di seluruh dunia, termasuk di Kanada, Pakistan, dan Amerika Serikat. Pada tahun 1968, dia menjadi guru besar Studi Islam di Universitas Temple, Amerika Serikat. Selama di Universitas Temple, John Esposito menjadi mahasiswa doktoral pertamanya.

Pada bulan Maret 1977, al-Faruqi memainkan peran penting dalam Konferensi Dunia Pertama tentang Pendidikan Muslim di Mekah. Konferensi ini dihadiri oleh tokoh-tokoh seperti Mohd Kamal Hassan, Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas, dan Syed Ali Ashraf, antara lain. Konferensi ini menetapkan dasar untuk pendirian universitas-universitas Islam di Dhaka, Islamabad, Kuala Lumpur, Kampala, dan Niger. Al-Faruqi berperan penting dalam musyawarah dan pengembangan rencana aksi konferensi tersebut.

## Pemikiran
Al-Faruqi terkenal dengan pandangan-pandangannya tentang *Islamisasi pengetahuan*. Dia menekankan pentingnya mengintegrasikan prinsip-prinsip Islam dengan disiplin ilmu modern, yang tetap relevan bagi para cendekiawan dan pendidik yang bertujuan untuk mengharmonisasikan iman dan akal.

### Urubah
Pemikiran awal al-Faruqi difokuskan pada *urubah* (Arabisme). Ia berpendapat bahwa *urubah* adalah inti dari identitas dan seperangkat nilai yang menyatukan semua Muslim menjadi satu komunitas orang beriman (*ummah*). Al-Faruqi percaya bahwa bahasa Arab, sebagai bahasa Al-Qur'an, sangat penting untuk memahami sepenuhnya konsep Islam tentang dunia. Ia menganggap *urubah* tidak terpisahkan dari identitas Muslim, mencakup dimensi bahasa dan agama. Konsep tauhid juga menjadi elemen sentral dalam kesadaran agama Arab, yang ditemukan dalam agama Yahudi, Kristen, dan Islam. Al-Faruqi menyoroti aliran keyakinan monoteistik yang dimiliki oleh ketiga agama ini, yang berakar pada budaya dan bahasa Arab.

### Islamisasi Pengetahuan
Al-Faruqi ikut berkontribusi dalam mengembangkan konsep Islamisasi pengetahuan, yang bertujuan untuk mengintegrasikan prinsip-prinsip Islam dengan disiplin ilmu kontemporer. Ia berpendapat bahwa ilmu pengetahuan modern harus didasarkan pada nilai-nilai Islam untuk menghindari sekularisasi dan disintegrasi moral. Al-Faruqi menekankan pentingnya prinsip-prinsip Islam dalam pendidikan, politik, dan etika. Sumbangsihnya yang lain dalam kajian Islamisasi pengetahuan adalah partisipasinya dalam pendirian *the International Institute for Islamic Thought* (Institut Internasional untuk Pemikiran Islam; IIIT) di Herndon, Virginia, Amerika Serikat. IIIT bertujuan untuk mengembangkan kajian epistemologi dan metodologi Islam dalam ragam bidang studi.

### Pandangannya tentang Zionisme
Sebagai anak Palestina, al-Faruqi mengecam keras apa yang telah dilakukan oleh Zionis Israel yang menjadi dalang pencaplokan Palestina. Namun, ia dengan tegas membedakan antara Zionisme dan Yahudi. Dalam bukunya *Islam and The Problem of Israel*, ia menyatakan bahwa Islam menghormati agama Yahudi sebagai agama Tuhan, tetapi menentang politik Zionisme.

## Kematian

Al-Faruqi dan istrinya dibunuh di rumah mereka pada tanggal 27 Mei 1986.  Pembunuhan ini dilakukan oleh Joseph Louis Young, juga dikenal sebagai Yusuf Ali, yang kemudian dihukum mati dan meninggal di penjara karena sebab alami pada tahun 1996.

## Bibliografi
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### Artikel
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* "Islam and Labour," in *Islam and a New International Economic Order*. Geneva: International Institute for Labour Studies, 1980, pp.&nbsp;79–101.
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* "Islamic Ideals in North America," *SIM News Bulletin*, part I, vol. IV, no. 2–3 (February 1981): 23–26; part II, vol. IV, no. 4, pp.&nbsp;9–14.
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* "Kuzey Amerika’da Islami idealler," *Yenidevir*, Istanbul (Nisan 29, 1981): 6.
* "Islamizing the Social Sciences," in *Social and Natural Sciences*, ed. Isma’il R. al-Faruqi and Abdullah Omar Naseef. Sevenoaks, UK: Hodder and Stoughton, and Jeddah: King Abdulaziz University, 1981, pp.&nbsp;8–20.
* "The Ummah and Its Civilizational Christ," (trans.) by AbdulHamid AbuSulayman, in *Social and Natural Sciences*, eds. Isma’il R. al-Faruqi and Abdullah O. Naseef. Sevenoaks, UK: Hodder and Stoughton, and Jeddah: King Abdulaziz University, 1981, pp.&nbsp;100–15.
* "Islamizing the Social Sciences," *Islamika*, Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia): Sarjana Enterprise, 1981, pp.&nbsp;1–8.
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