Anatolia Klasik

**[[Anatolia]]**, yang juga dikenal dengan nama Latin *Asia Kecil*, dianggap sebagai wilayah paling barat Asia. Secara geografi, wilayah tersebut meliputi dataran tinggi tengah Turki modern, dari dataran pesisir Laut Aegean di bagian timur sampai pegunungan di perbatasan Armenia dari dari pesisir sempit Laut Hitam di bagian selatan sampai pegunungan Taurus dan pesisir Laut Tengah.

Perwakilan kebudayaan terawal di Anatolia adalah artefak-artefak Zaman Batu. Reruntuhan perabadan Zaman Perunggu seperti bangsa Hattian, Akkadian, Asiria, dan Hittite menyediakan beberapa contoh hidupan sehari-hari warganya dan perdagangan mereka. Setelah kejatuhan Hittite, negara-negara baru Phrygia dan Lydia berdiri kuat di pesisir barat saat peradaban Yunani mulai tersebar. Hanya ancaman dari kerajaan Persian yang menghindarkan mereka dari memajukan puncak kesuksesan mereka di masa lampau.

## Sumber

### Karya rujukan
* Cambridge Ancient History Online 14 vols. 1970–2000  *Note: The original 11 vol [[Cambridge Ancient History]] 1928–36 is now [http://www.digitalbookindex.com/_search/search010hstancienta.asp available as free ebooks] *
* Cambridge Companions to the Ancient World. 10 vols.
* Hastings, James. ''A Dictionary of the Bible: Dealing with Its Language, Literature, and Contents, Including the Biblical Theology''. Volume III: (Part I: Kir—Nympha). Minerva 2004 (reprinted from 1898). ISBN 978-1-4102-1726-4
* [Hornblower, Simon; Antony Spawforth (1996). ''[The Oxford Classical Dictionary]*. Oxford University Press] *The Oxford Classical Dictionary*. [[Oxford University Press]] .
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=i_F5e3lnUjsC John Lemprière. A classical dictionary, containing a copious account of all the proper names mentioned in antient authors... 1839]
* McEvedy, Colin (1967). *The Penguin Atlas of Ancient History*. Penguin.
* Marek, Christian (2010), *Geschichte Kleinasiens in der Antike* C. H. Beck, Munich, ISBN 978-3-406-59853-1 (review: [http://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2010/2010-08-13.html M. Weiskopf, Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2010.08.13]).
* Smith W (ed.), [[Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography]] Walton and Maberly, London 1854. 2 vols. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0064 Direct Link to Online Version]

=== Umum ===
* [https://archive.org/details/historyantiquit07duncgoog Duncker, Max (1879). *The History of Antiquity, Volume III*. Richard Bentley & Son.]
* 

=== Zaman Klasik ===
* [[Charles Freeman (historian)|Freeman, Charles]] (1999). *Egypt, Greece and Rome: Civilizations of the Ancient Mediterranean*. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-872194-3.
* Ramsay, W.M. (1904). *The Letters to the Seven Churches of Asia*. Hodder & Stoughton.
* [https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Greek_world_after_Alexander_323_30_B.html?id=HPAOAAAAQAAJ Shipley, Graham (2000) *The Greek World After Alexander*. Routledge History of the Ancient World. (Routledge, New York)]

==== Hellenistik ====
* Bevan, Edwyn Robert (1902). *The House of Seleucus*. E. Arnold.
* Botsford, George Willis (1922). *Hellenic History*. The Macmillan Company.
* Bury, John Bagnell (1913). *A History of Greece to the Death of Alexander the Great. Macmillan.

#### Persia
* Pierre Briant ''From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire'', Eisenbrauns: 2002, ISBN 978-1-57506-031-6 Originally published in French as *Histoire de l'Empire perse*, Fayard, Paris, 1996
* Encyclopaedia Iranica
* Amélie Kuhrt. ''The Persian Empire''. Routledge, 2007. ISBN 0-415-43628-1, 9780415436281
* Philip De Souza. ''The Greek and Persian Wars 499–386 BC'', Volume 36 of Essential histories. Osprey Publishing, 2003, ISBN 978-1-84176-358-3

#### Romawi
* Mommsen, Theodor (1906). *The History of Rome: The Provinces, from Caesar to Diocletian.* Charles Scribner's Sons.
* Runciman, Steven (1933). *Byzantine Civilization*. Methuen, London