Edward Bernays

**Edward Louis James Bernays** (; ; ) adalah seorang pionir Austria-Amerika dalam bidang hubungan masyarakat dan propaganda, merujuk dalam obituarinya sebagai "bapak hubungan masyarakat". Bernays diangkat menjadi salah satu dari 100 orang Amerika paling berpengaruh pada abad ke-20 oleh majalah ''Life''. Ia adalah subjek dari biografi jangka penuh karya Larry Tye berjudul *The Father of Spin* (1999) dan kemudian sebuah dokumenter tahun 2002 pemenang penghargaan untuk BBC karya Adam Curtis berjudul *[[The Century of the Self]]*.

Kampanye-kampanye paling terkenalnya meliputi sebuah upaya tahun 1929 untuk mempromosikan perempuan perokok dengan rokok-rokok bermerek khusus feminis "Torches of Freedom" dan karyanya pada United Fruit Company berkaitan dengan pelengseran pemerintahan Guatemala pada 1954. Ia bekerja untuk puluha perusahaan Amerika besar yang meliputi Procter & Gamble dan General Electric, dan untuk badan-badan pemerintahan, politikus dan organisasi nirlaba.

Dari beberapa buku buatannya, *[[Crystallizing Public Opinion]]* (1923) dan *[[Propaganda (buku)|Propaganda]]* (1928) meraih perhatian khusus sebagai upaya-upaya awal untuk mendefinisikan dan menteorisasikan bidang hubungan masyarakat. Ia banyak mengutip karya-karya dari para penulis seperti Gustave Le Bon, Wilfred Trotter, Walter Lippmann, dan pamannya sendiri Sigmund Freud.

## Referensi

### Sumber
* Bernays, Edward. *Biography of an Idea: Memoirs of Public Relations Counsel Edward L. Bernays New York: Simon and Schuster, 1965.
* [[Scott Cutlip|Cutlip, Scott M.]] *The Unseen Power: Public Relations. A History.* Hove, UK: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1994. ISBN 0-8058-1465
* [[Stuart Ewen|Ewen, Stuart]]. *PR! A Social History of Spin.* New York: Basic Books (Perseus), 1996. 
* Marks, Barry Alan. “The Idea of Propaganda in America.” PhD dissertation accepted at the University of Minnesota, 1957.
* [[Marvin Olasky|Olasky, Marvin]]. “[https://archive.org/details/ERIC_ED245231 Reception of Edward Bernays’ Doctrine of ‘Manipulating Public Opinion]”. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, 6 August 1984; (ERIC).</ref>
* Olasky, Marvin. “Bringing ‘Order Out of Chaos”: Edward Bernays and the Salvation of Society Through Public Relations”. *Journalism History*, 12(1), Spring 1985.
* [[Sheldon Rampton|Rampton, Sheldon]], and [[John Stauber]]. *Trust Us, We’re Experts! How Industry Manipulates Science and Gambles With Your Future*. New York: Jeremy P. Tarcher/Putnam, 2001. 
* [[Larry Tye|Tye, Larry]]. *The Father of Spin: Edward L. Bernays and the Birth of Public Relations*. New York: Crown, 1998. ISBN 0-517-7043-8

=== Bacaan tambahan ===
* American National Biography v. 2, Oxford University Press, 1999.
* [[John Stauber]] and [[Sheldon Rampton]], *Toxic Sludge Is Good For You: Lies, Damn Lies and the Public Relations Industry*
* Edward Bernays, *Biography of an Idea: Memoirs of a Public Relations Counsel* ([https://web.archive.org/web/20040311200824/http://www.mala.bc.ca/~soules/media112/pr.htm excerpt] )
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* [[Marvin Olasky]] column on his interview with Bernays at [http://www.townhall.com/Columnists/MarvinOlasky/2006/07/27/deliver_us_from_chaos Townhall.com] 
* [[Wilfred Trotter]] (1919). *Instincts of the Herd in Peace and War* – 4th impression, with postscript. New York, MacMillan.
* Stephen Bender. [http://archive.lewrockwell.com/orig6/bender2.html Karl Rove & the Spectre of Freud’s Nephew], [[LewRockwell.com]], 2005-02-04

== Pranala luar ==


* [http://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMfer02.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms003016&_faSection=overview&_faSubsection=did&_dmdid= Edward L. Bernays papers] at Library of Congress (finding aid)
** Some Bernays papers at LOC are [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/coolbib:@field(NUMBER+@band(amrlm+@syn(me01+me02+me03+me04+me05+me06+me07+me08+me09+me10+me11+me12+me13+me14+me15+me16+me17+me18+me19+me20+me21+me22))) online] as part of “Prosperity and Thrift: The Coolidge Era and the Consumer Economy, 1921–1929”.
* The [http://www.library.neu.edu/archives/collect/findaids/m99find.htm Edward L. Bernays papers, 1982–1998 (bulk 1993–1995)]  are located in the Northeastern University Libraries, Archives and Special Collections Department, Boston, MA.
* [http://www.infectiousvideos.com/index.php?p=showvid&sid=1117&fil=0000000056&o=0&idx=6&sb=daily&a=playvid&r=Torches_of_Freedom Torches of Freedom Video Clip]
* [http://www.prmuseum.com/bernays/bernays_video_torches.html Edward L. Bernays tells the story of "Torches of Freedom" in his own words – video clip −1999] 
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* [http://www.booknotes.org/Watch/110971-1/Larry+Tye.aspx *Booknotes* interview with Larry Tye on *The Father of Spin: Edward L. Bernays & The Birth of Public Relations'', September 20, 1998.] 
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* LETTER TO MR. EDWARD L. BERNAYS FROM <Sanitized> RDP80B01676R003800020083-0 ; “LETTER TO MR. EDWARD L. BERNAYS FROM <Sanitized> RDP80B01676R003800020084-9 ”, 1958, Central Intelligence Agency,