Perlawanan Jerman terhadap Nazisme

**Perlawanan Jerman terhadap Nazisme** (Jerman: *Widerstand gegen den Nationalsozialismus*) adalah perlawanan oleh orang-orang dan kelompok di Jerman terhadap rezim Sosialis Nasional antara 1933 dan 1945. Beberapa di antaranya melakukan pemberontakan aktif dengan rencana untuk menggulingkan Adolf Hitler dari kekuasaan lewat pembunuhan dan menggulingkan rezimnya.

## Bacaan tambahan
;Umum
* Harold C. Deutsch "Symposium: New Perspectives on the German Resistance against National Socialism" pp.&nbsp;322–399 from *Central European History*, Volume 14, 1981.
* Fest, Joachim *Plotting Hitler’s Death: The German Resistance to Hitler 1933–1945*, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1996, .
* Peter Hoffmann, *The History of the German Resistance 1933–1945*, McGill-Queen's University Press, 1996 .
* Martyn Housden, *Resistance and Conformity in the Third Reich*, London ; New York : Routledge, 1997, .
* Ian Kershaw *The Nazi Dictatorship Problems and Perspectives of Interpretation*, London: Arnold Press, 2000, 
** *Hitler 1889–1936: Hubris* (W.W.Norton, 1998) and *Hitler 1936–1945: Nemesis* (W.W.Norton, 2000)
* Klemens von Klemperer, *German Resistance Against Hitler:The Search for Allies Abroad 1938–1945*, Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1992, 
* Richard Lamb, *The Ghosts of Peace, 1935–45* Michael Russell Publishing, 1987, .
* David Clay Large (editor) *Contending with Hitler Varieties of German Resistance in the Third Reich*, Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1991, .
* Annedore Leber, *The Conscience in Revolt : Portraits of the German Resistance 1933–1945* collected and edited by Annedore Leber in cooperation with Willy Brandt and Karl Dietrich Bracher, Mainz : Hase & Koehler, 1994 .
* Hans Mommsen, translated by Angus McGeoch *Alternatives to Hitler: German Resistance Under the Third Reich* Princeton : Princeton University Press, 2003, .
* Roger Moorhouse, *Killing Hitler : The Plots, The Assassins, And The Dictator Who Cheated Death *, New York : Bantam Books, 2006 .
* Peter Rohrbacher: Pater Wilhelm Schmidt im Schweizer Exil: Interaktionen mit Wehrmachtsdeserteuren und Nachrichtendiensten, 1943–1945 in: Paideuma. Mitteilungen zur Kulturkunde 62 (2016), 203–221.
* Hans Rothfels *The German Opposition to Hitler: An Assessment* Longwood Pr Ltd: London 1948, 1961, 1963, 1970 .
* Michael C. Thomsett *The German Opposition To Hitler : the Resistance, the Underground, and Assassination Plots, 1938–1945* Jefferson, NC; London : McFarland, 1997, .
* Nathan Stoltzfus, *Hitler's Compromises : Coercion and Consensus in Nazi Germany*, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2016, .
* Noakes, J. (1978) "The Oldenburg Crucifix Struggle of November 1936: A Case Study of Opposition in the Third Reich". In P. Stachura (Ed.), *The Shaping of the Nazi State.* London: Croom Helm.
* 
* Fest, Joachim C., (1997). *Plotting Hitler's Death : the Story of the German resistance* (1st Owl book ed.). New York: H. Holt and Co. . .
* Robert., Gellately, (2001). *Backing Hitler : Consent and Coercion in Nazi Germany*. Oxford: OUP Oxford. . .
* Bukey, Evan Burr, (2000). *Hitler's Austria : popular sentiment in the Nazi era, 1938–1945*. Mazal Holocaust Collection. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. . 
* Baranowski, Shelley. "Consent and Dissent: The Confessing Church and Conservative Opposition to National Socialism," The Journal of Modern History 59, no. 1 (Mar., 1987): 53–78.
* Barnett, Victoria, (1992). *For the soul of the people : Protestant protest against Hitler*. New York: Oxford University Press. . 
* L., Bergen, Doris (1996). *Twisted cross : the German Christian movement in the Third Reich*. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. . 
* Richard, Bonney, (2009). *Confronting the Nazi war on Christianity : the Kulturkampf newsletters, 1936–1939*. Oxford: Peter Lang. . 
* Bendangjungshi, (2011). *Confessing Christ in the naga context : towards a liberating ecclesiology*. Berlin: Lit. . 
* Housden, Martyn, (2013). Resistance and Conformity in the Third Reich, Routledge, .
* Richard Evans, "German Women and the Triumph of Hitler." The Journal of Modern History 48, no. 1 (March 1976),
* Olaf Groehler, Bombenkrieg gegen Deutschland (Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1990), 270ff.
* Heinrich Schoppmeyer, *Über 775 Jahre Witten: Beiträge zur Geschichte der Stadt Witten*, vol. 2 (Meinerzhagen: Meinerzhagener, 1989), 75.
* García, Hugo, Mercedes Yusta, Xavier Tabet, and Cristina Clímaco, editors. *Rethinking Antifascism: History, Memory and Politics, 1922 to the Present.*New York: Berghahn Books, 2016. pp. vi, 350.
* Stargardt, Nicholas, "Beyond 'Consent' or 'Terror': Wartime Crises in Nazi Germany", *History Workshop Journal*, Volume 72, Issue 1, 1 October 2011, pp.&nbsp;190–204.
* Wolfgang Scheffler, *Judenverfolgung im Dritten Reich 1933 bis 1945,* Gutenberg (1965): 44, 69.
* Kurt Jakob Ball-Kaduri, Berlin wird judenfrei: die Juden in Berlin in den Jahren 1942/1943, Saur (1973): 212–214.
* Marlis G. Steinert, *Hitler's War and the Germans: Public Mood and Attitude During the Second World War*, trans. T.E.J. de Witt, Athens: Ohio University Press (1977): 142.
* Monika Richarz, *Judisches Leben in Deutschland: Selbstzeugnisse zur Sozialgeschichte*, vol. 3, 1918–1945, Stuttgart: Dt. Verl.-Anst. (1982): 64.
* Helmut Eschwege and Konrad Kwiet, *Selbstbehauptung und Widerstand deutsche Juden im Kampf um Existenz und Menschewuerde 1933–1945,* Hamburg: Christians (1984):43.
* Konrad Kwiet, *Selbstbehauptung und Widerstand: Deutsche Juden im Kampf um Existenz und Menschenwürde, 1933–1945*, Christians (1984). 
* Raul Hilberg, *Perpetrators, Victims, Bystanders: The Jewish Catastrophe, 1933–1945,* New York: Aaron Asher Books (1992): 132.
* Antonia Leugers, *Gegen eine Mauer bischöflichen Schweigens: Der Ausschuss für Ordensangelegenheiten und seine Widerstandskonzeption 1941 bis 1945*, Verlag J. Knecht (1996).
* Christof Dipper, Schwierigkeiten mit der Resistenz, *Geschichte und Gesellschaft* 22 (1996): 409–416.
* Heinz Boberach, *Aemter, Abkuerzungen, Aktionen des NS-Staates,* Munich: Saur (1997): 379.
* Eric A. Johnson, *Nazi Terror: The Gestapo, Jews, and Ordinary Germans,* New York: Basic Books (1999): 25.
* Marion A. Kaplan, *Dignity and Despair*, Oxford University Press: (1999): 193.
* Christof Dipper, *Third Reich History as if the People Mattered*, *Geschichte und Gesellschaft 26*, no. 4 (2000).John J. Michalczyk, *Confront!: Resistance in Nazi Germany*, Peter Lang, (2004): 8. 
* Gerhard L. Weinberg, *A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II*, Cambridge University Press; 2 edition (2005).
* Doris L. Bergen, *War and Genocide: A Concise History of the Holocaust,* Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, (2009): 202.
* Katharina von Kellenbach, *The Mark of Cain: Guilt and Denial in the Post-War Lives of Nazi Perpetrators*, Oxford University Press, 1 edition (2013).
* Mordecai Paldiel, *Saving One's Own: Jewish Rescuers During the Holocaust*, University of Nebraska Press (2017). 
* Paul R. Bartrop and Michael Dickerman, *The Holocaust: An Encyclopedia and Document Collection,* ABC-CLIO (2017).

;Themes
* Francis L. Carsten, *German Workers and the Nazis*, Aldershot, Hants, England : Scolar Press, 1995, .
* Christoph Dippler "The German Resistance and the Jews" pp.&nbsp;51–93 from *Yad Vashem Studies*, Volume 16, 1984.
* Peter Hoffmann "The German Resistance and the Holocaust" pp.&nbsp;105–126 from *Confront! Resistance in Nazi Germany* edited by John J. Michalczyk, New York: Peter Lang Publishers, 2004, 
* Tim Kirk, *Nazism and the Working Class in Austria: Industrial Unrest and Political Dissent in the National Community*, Cambridge & New York : Cambridge University Press, 1996, .
* Claudia Koonz "Ethical Dilemmas and Nazi Eugenics: Single-Issue Dissent in Religious Contexts" pp. S8–S31 from *Journal of Modern History*, Volume 64, 1992.
* Manvell, Roger *The Canaris Conspiracy: The Secret Resistance to Hitler in the German Army*, New York: McKay, 1969,
* Alan Merson *Communist Resistance in Nazi Germany*, London : Lawrence and Wishart, 1985, .
* Klaus-Jürgen Müller “The German Military Opposition before the Second World War” pp.&nbsp;61–75 from *The Fascist Challenge and the Policy of Appeasement* edited by Wolfgang Mommsen & Lothar Kettenacker, George Allen & Unwin: London, 1983, .
* Klaus-Jürgen Müller "The Structure and Nature of the National Conservative Opposition in Germany up to 1940" pp.&nbsp;133–178 from *Aspects of the Third Reich* edited by H.W. Koch, Macmillan: London, 1985 .
* Timothy Mason "The Workers' Opposition in Nazi Germany" pp.&nbsp;120–137 from *History Workshop Journal*, Volume 11, 1981.
* Jeremy Noakes "The Oldenburg Crucifix Struggle of November 1936: A Case Study in Opposition in the Third Reich" pp.&nbsp;210–233 from *The Shaping of the Nazi State* edited by Peter Stachura, London: Croom Helm ; New York: Barnes & Noble, 1978, .
* Detlev Peukert *Inside Nazi Germany : Conformity, Opposition and Racism in Everyday Life* London: Batsford, 1987 .
* Chamberlain, J & Faye, S. (Eds.) (1939) Adolf Hitler, *Mein Kampf,* New York: Reynald and Hitchcock. 
* Robert., Gellately, (2001). *Backing Hitler : Consent and Coercion in Nazi Germany*. Oxford: OUP Oxford. . 
* Jill Stephenson, *Women in Nazi Germany*, Routledge; (2001)

;Biografi
* Paul Bonart, *But We Said NO*, Mark Backman, 2007, .
* Fred Breinersdorfer (Editor), *Sophie Scholl – Die letzten Tage*, 2005.
* Ulrich von Hassell, *The Von Hassell Diaries 1938–1944 the Story of the Forces Against Hitler Inside Germany* Doubleday, 1947, . Reprint Greenwood Press, 1971, .
* Donald Goddard, *The Last Days of Dietrich Bonhoeffer*, Harper and Roe,1976, 
* Gerhard Ritter, *The German Resistance : Carl Goerdeler's Struggle Against Tyranny*, translated by R.T. Clark, Freeport, NY: Books for Libraries Press, 1970.
* Gregor Schöllgen, *A Conservative Against Hitler: Ulrich von Hassell, Diplomat in Imperial Germany, the Weimar Republic, and the Third Reich, 1881–1944* New York: St. Martin's Press, 1991, .
* Helena P. Page, *General Friedrich Olbricht: Ein Mann des 20. Julis*, 1993, 

## Pranala luar
* Official website of the acclaimed documentary of the resistance, ''The Restless Conscience'', by Hava Kohav Beller
* http://home.mindspring.com/~july20/  Website documenting Arnold Hencke's resistance to the NAZI party and his subsequent imprisonment at Fuhlsbüttel concentration camp, by Greg McClelland.
* ''Sophie SchollThe Final Days'' film website (in English) 
* ''Sophie SchollDie letzten Tage'' film website (in German)
* ''The Geschwister-Scholl-Institut''
* European Resistance Archive (ERA) | video interviews with members of the resistance
* Testimony of Gisevius in the Nuremberg Trials