Penindasan umat Kristen di Uni Soviet

Sepanjang sejarah Uni Soviet (1922–1991), terdapat periode di mana pemerintah Soviet menekan dan menindas berbagai bentuk Kekristenan dalam tingkat yang berbeda-beda tergantung pada kepentingan negara. Kebijakan Marxisme-Leninisme Soviet secara konsisten menganjurkan kontrol, penindasan, dan akhirnya, penghapusan keyakinan agama, dan secara aktif mendorong ateisme di Uni Soviet. Namun, kebanyakan agama tidak pernah dilarang secara resmi.

Negara menganjurkan penghancuran agama, dan secara resmi menyatakan keyakinan agama merupakan takhayul dan terbelakang. Partai Komunis menghancurkan gereja, masjid, dan sinagoga, mengejek, melecehkan, memenjarakan dan mengeksekusi para pemimpin keagamaan, memenuhi sekolah-sekolah dan media dengan ajaran-ajaran anti-agama, dan memperkenalkan sebuah sistem kepercayaan yang disebut "ateisme ilmiah," dengan ritual, janji, dan propagandisnya sendiri. Jumlah total korban umat Kristen di bawah rezim Soviet diperkirakan berkisar antara 14-22 juta.

Kepercayaan dan praktik keagamaan bertahan di antara mayoritas penduduk, di ruang domestik dan pribadi, tetapi juga di ruang publik yang tersebar yang diizinkan oleh negara yang mengakui kegagalannya untuk memusnahkan agama dan bahaya politik dari perang budaya yang tak henti-hentinya.

## Referensi

## Bibliografi
* And God Created Lenin: Marxism vs. Religion in Russia, 1917-1929. Author: Paul Gabel  https://books.google.com/books/about/And_God_created_Lenin.html?id=9M3YAAAAMAAJ
* Storming the Heavens: The Soviet League of the Militant Godless Author: Daniel Peris Publisher: Cornell University Press   https://books.google.com/books?id=nC2LSv5QNYkC&printsec=frontcover&dq=storming+the+heavens&source=bl&ots=hTMdW2puUI&sig=w91V-pSCuz0PvelYZSJJTZ4gxu8&hl=en&sa=X&ei=AsJpUKmmOYqS9QTOr4HoBg&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=storming%20the%20heavens&f=false
* The Plot to Kill God: Findings from the Soviet Experiment in Secularization Author: Paul Froese Publisher: University of California Press   https://books.google.com/books?id=8jkFD4ZXjd8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Plot+to+Kill+God:+Findings+from+the+Soviet+Experiment+in+Secularization&source=bl&ots=4TgzmPMJfV&sig=Txotuf5H5G7RVi_kFqrn3I0I9Ug&hl=en&src=bmrr&sa=X&ei=ssJpUNSzJYeG9QTP9YHYBw&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=The%20Plot%20to%20Kill%20God%3A%20Findings%20from%20the%20Soviet%20Experiment%20in%20Secularization&f=false
* Religion and the State in Russia and China: Suppression, Survival, and Revival Author: Christopher Marsh  
* Russian Society and the Orthodox Church: Religion in Russia after Communism Author: Zoe Knox Publisher: Routledge (August 13, 2009)  https://books.google.com/books/about/Russian_Society_and_the_Orthodox_Church.html?id=ergHr26PenEC
* "Godless communists": atheism and society in Soviet Russia, 1917-1932 Author: William Husband Publisher: Northern Illinois University Press   https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-XFNQAACAAJ&dq=GODLESS+COMMUNISTS:+ATHEISM+AND+SOCIETY+IN+SOVIET+RUSSIA,+1917-1932&source=bl&ots=PDjbxkYKHM&sig=UeANuY1MSBBntafQvUGQj5vBGa8&hl=en&sa=X&ei=c8ZpUJTdGZHo8gT1oYHwCQ&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA
* Secularism Soviet Style: Teaching Atheism and Religion in a Volga Republic Author: Sonja Luehrmann Publisher: Indiana University Press  
* Doubt, Atheism, and the Nineteenth-Century Russian Intelligentsia Author: Victoria Frede Publisher: University of Wisconsin Press   https://books.google.com/books?id=UDmH3DBaPgMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Doubt,+Atheism,+and+the+Nineteenth-Century+Russian+Intelligentsia&source=bl&ots=rSYjmJbeqQ&sig=-71XmZxkQM1bDRLvVgX9hYLMUPg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RshpUJGZLIy29gS5zICADQ&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Doubt%2C%20Atheism%2C%20and%20the%20Nineteenth-Century%20Russian%20Intelligentsia&f=false
* After Atheism: Religion and Ethnicity in Russia and Central Asia (Caucasus World) Author: David C. Lewis Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan   https://books.google.com/books?id=XftgWxm_eE8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Publisher:+Palgrave+Macmillan+%28May+5,+2000%29+Language:+English+ISBN%20+0312226926+ISBN%20+978-0312226923&source=bl&ots=U-6oZVo0jP&sig=G7g78j9lJoJpkSiy8DixMtIvQSs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=0chpUPGuEoGG8QSJkoF4&ved=0CD8Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false
* Russian Orthodoxy on the Eve of Revolution Author: Vera Shevzov Oxford University Press, USA   https://books.google.com/books?id=1vTRGdWddEkC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Russian+Orthodoxy+on+the+Eve+of+Revolution+Author+:+Vera+Shevzov&source=bl&ots=5XntCk3Egu&sig=3caEGb3eHx8IWZv76axpBcT6INA&hl=en&sa=X&ei=m81pUNzHMZD49gTG74DICQ&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Russian%20Orthodoxy%20on%20the%20Eve%20of%20Revolution%20Author%20%3A%20Vera%20Shevzov&f=false
* The Heart of Russia: Trinity-Sergius, Monasticism, and Society after 1825 Author: Scott M. Kenworthy Oxford University Press, USA 
* State Secularism and Lived Religion in Soviet Russia and Ukraine Editor: Catherine Wanner Oxford University Press USA 

## Pranala luar
* Lenin's letter to Molotov on Shuia crisis
* Letters of Metropolitan Sergii of Vilnius
* Butovo site of mass executions of Orthodox Clergy - One thousand of those killed here are known to have died for their Orthodox faith.
* Post Soviet challenges for the Russian Orthodox Church
* Library of Congress articles on the Soviet archives
* Link to Russian Archives
* Н.Е. Емельянов Оценка статистики гонений на Русскую Православную Церковь (1917–1952 годы)