Paul Lawrence Dunbar

**Paul Laurence Dunbar** () adalah penyair, novelis, dan dramawan berkebangsaan Amerika Serikat pada akhir abad ke-19 dan awal abad ke-20. Lahir di Dayton, Ohio, dari orang tua yang mengalami masa pebudakan di Kentucky sebelum Perang Saudara Amerika Serikat, Dunbar memulai menuliskan cerita pendek sejak usia dini dan menempuh pendidikan literasi. Dia memublikasikan puisinya pada usia 16 tahun di surat kabar Dayton.

## Bibliografi

; Puisi
* *Oak and Ivy* (1892)
* *Majors and Minors* (1896)
* *Lyrics of Lowly Life* (1896)
* *"We Wear the Mask"* (1896)
* *Li'l' Gal* (1896)
* *When Malindy Sings* (1896)
* *Poems of Cabin and Field* (1899)
* *Candle-lightin' Time* (1901)
* *Lyrics of the Hearthside* published (1902), copyright date of 1899
* *The Haunted Oak* (1900)
* *In Old Plantation Days* (1903)
* *Lyrics of Sunshine and Shadow* (1905)

; Cerita pendek dan novel
* *Folks From Dixie* (1898), short story collection
* *The Heart of Happy Hollow: A Collection of Stories*
* *The Strength of Gideon and Other Stories* (1900).
* ''The Uncalled'' (1898), novel, available at the Gutenberg Project
* *The Love of Landry* "was deemed unconvincing in its presentation of white characters and was dismissed as inferior to Dunbar's tales of blacks."
* *The Fanatics,* "about America at the beginning of the Civil War. Its central characters are from white families who differ in their North-South sympathies and spark a dispute in their Ohio community. The Fanatics was a commercial failure upon publication, and in the ensuing years it has continued to be regarded as a superficial, largely uncompelling work."
* *[[The Sport of the Gods]]* (1902), novel

; Artikel
* "Representative American Negroes", in *[[The Negro Problem (book)|The Negro Problem]]*, by Booker T. Washington, et al.

## In popular culture
* Dunbar's vaudeville song "Who Dat Say Chicken in Dis Crowd?" may have influenced the development of "Who dat? Who dat? Who dat say gonna beat dem Saints?", the popular chant associated with the New Orleans Saints football team.
* In the movie *[[Sister Act 2: Back in the Habit]]*, the character named Westley Glen 'Ahmal' James mentions Dunbar. Ahmal says to a group of classmates, "We need to exhibit some pride in ourselves, like Paul Laurence Dunbar did, right?" In the subtitles, his middle name is misspelled.
* In the 2016 Jim Jarmusch film *[[Paterson (film)|Paterson]]*, Method Man practices a rap with lyrics alluding to Dunbar.

## Warisan dan penghargaan
* His home in Dayton, Ohio, has been preserved as Paul Laurence Dunbar House, a state historical site that is included in the Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical Park, administered by the National Park Service.
* His residence in LeDroit Park in Washington, DC, still stands.
* The library of Wright State University holds many of Dunbar's papers.
* In 2002, Molefi Kete Asante listed Paul Laurence Dunbar among his 100 Greatest African Americans.

Numerous schools and places have been named in honor of Dunbar. These include:

-Lower schools:
* Dunbar Creative and Performing Arts Magnet School (Mobile, Alabama)
* Paul Laurence Dunbar High School, Lexington, Kentucky
* Paul Laurence Dunbar High School, Baltimore, Maryland
* Paul Laurence Dunbar Vocational High School, Chicago, Illinois
* Dunbar High Schools (various cities, including Dayton, Ohio; Fort Myers, Florida; and Washington, DC)
* Dunbar elementary schools (Atlanta, Georgia; Memphis, Tennessee; and Forest City, Kansas City, Kansas; East St. Louis, Illinois; North Carolina)
* Dunbar Middle Schools (Fort Worth, Texas; Little Rock, Arkansas)
* Dunbar School (Fairmont, West Virginia) elementary, middle, and high school
* Paul Laurence Dunbar J.H.S 120/M.S. 301 (Bronx, New York)
* Paul Laurence Dunbar High School (Fort Worth, Texas; Lexington, Kentucky)
* Paul Laurence Dunbar Middle School (Lynchburg, Virginia)
-College buildings:
* Paul Laurence Dunbar Library at Wright State University (Dayton, Ohio)

-Other institutions:
* Dunbar Hospital (Detroit, Michigan)
* Paul Laurence Dunbar Lancaster-Keist Branch Library (Dallas, Texas)
* The Dunbar Hotel (Los Angeles, California)
* Dunbar Park (Chicago, Illinois)
* Paul Laurence Dunbar Lodge #19 (Brockton, Massachusetts)

## Lihat pula

* "Ode to Ethiopia", one poem in the collection *Oak and Ivy.*
* African-American literature
* Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical Park
* Samuel Coleridge-Taylor black composer

## Referensi

### Catatan

### Rujukan karya
* Alexander, Eleanor C. *Lyrics of Sunshine and Shadow: The Tragic Courtship and Marriage of Paul Laurence Dunbar and Alice Ruth Moore*. New York: New York University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-8147-0696-7.
* Best, Felton O. *Crossing the Color Line: A Biography of Paul Laurence Dunbar, 1872-1906*. Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co., 1996. ISBN 0-7872-2234-8.
* Nettels, Elsa. *Language, Race, and Social Class in Howells's America*. University Press of Kentucky, 1988. ISBN 0-8131-1629-5.
* Wagner, Jean. *Black Poets of the United States: From Paul Laurence Dunbar to Langston Hughes*. University of Illinois Press, 1973. ISBN 0-252-00341-1.

## Bacaan lainnya
* Lida Keck Wiggins, ''The Life and Works of Paul Lawrence Dunbar'', Winston-Derek, 1992. ISBN 1-55523-473-9.

## Pranala luar

* 
* 
* 
* Paul Laurence Dunbar: Online Resources, Library of Congress
* Dunbar House State Historical Site , Ohio Historical Society
* Dunbar House is part of Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical Park, which includes both the Wright Brothers bicycle shop and Dunbar's home
* "Paul Laurence Dunbar Library special collection", Wright State University
* University of Dayton's Paul Laurence Dunbar website 
* Paul Laurence Dunbar Collection (MS-002), Dayton Metro Library
* "Paul Laurence Dunbar"  *Toledo's Attic Exhibit*, includes essay by Dr Timothy Messer-Kruse
* "Dunbar's Legacy of Language", NPR, 2006 program marking the 100th anniversary of Dunbar's death; includes a poetry reading.
* "Paul Laurence Dunbar, Modern American Poetry", University of Illinois
* Academy of American Poets