James Weldon Johnson

**James Weldon Johnson** () adalah penulis, guru, pengacara, diplomat, pencipta lagu, dan aktivis hak asasi manusia berkebangsaan Amerika Serikat. Johnson di kenal melalui kepemimpinannya di National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), yang dimulai tahun 1917. Pada tahun 1920 menjadi orang Amerika Serikat pertama yang terpilih sebagai sekretaris eksekutif organisasi itu, efektif sebagai pejabat dari 1920 sampai 1930. Johnson memantapkan diri dalam reputasinya sebagai penulis, dan dikenal kiprahnya di Harlem Renaissance melalui puisi-puisi, novel, dan antologi puisi dan spiritual kebudayaan kulit hitam.

Dia dipilih oleh Presiden Theodore Roosevelt sebagai US konsul di Venezuela dan Nikaragua pada periode 1906 sampai dengan 1913. Tahun 1934 menjadi orang keturunan Afrika-America Serikat pertama yang menjadi profesor yang bertugas di Universitas New York. Di akhir hidupnya, dia menjadi profesor bidang penulisan kratif dan sastra di Universitas Fisk.

## Warisan dan penghargaan
* 1904, Honorary master's degree from Atlanta University.
* 1925, Spingarn Medal from the NAACP for outstanding achievement by an American Negro.
* 1928, Harmon Gold Award for *God's Trombones: Seven Negro Sermons in Verse* (1927).
* 1929, Julius Rosenwald Fund Grant.
* 1933, W. E. B. Du Bois Prize for Negro Literature.
* Honorary doctorates from Talladega College (1917) and Howard University (1923).
* 2007, Emory University in Atlanta established the James Weldon Johnson Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies in his honor.
* The James Weldon Johnson building at Coppin State University is named in his honor.
* The James Weldon Johnson Middle School is named in his honor.
* Johnson is honored with a feast day on the liturgical calendar of the Episcopal Church (USA) on June 25.
* On February 2, 1988, the United States Postal Service issued a 22-cent postage stamp in his honor.

## Bibliografi

### Puisi
* *[[Fifty Years and Other Poems]]* (1917)
* *[[God's Trombones: Seven Negro Sermons in Verse]]* (1927)
* *Saint Peter Relates an Incident: Selected Poems* (1935)

### Antologi
* *The Book of Negro Spirituals* (1925, editor), anthology
* *The Second Book of Negro Spirituals* (1926, editor)
* *The Book of American Negro Poetry* (1931, editor), anthology

### Karya lain
* *[[The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man]]* (1912/1927, novel)
* *Black Manhattan* (1930, study)
* *Negro Americans, What Now?* (1934, essay)
* *Along This Way: The Autobiography of James Weldon Johnson* (1933/37, autobiography)

## Lihat pula

* African American musical theater
* Harlem Renaissance
* Red Summer of 1919

## Catatan

## Sumber
* Fleming, Robert E. *James Weldon Johnson*. Twayne United States Authors Series. Boston: Twayne, 1987.
* Hester, Elizabeth J. "James Weldon Johnson: A Bibliography of * Johnson, James Weldon. *Writings*. Ed. William L. Andrews. The Library of America, 2004. ISBN 978-1-931082-52-5.
*  Kishimoto, Hisao. "The Eve of the Harlem Renaissance James Weldon Johnson (II)", ( ) *[[Souka University English Language Academic Journal]]* (創価大学英文学会). Souka University. March 1988. Volume No. 12, Issue No. 2 (第12巻第2号). p.&nbsp;1-16.
* Levy, Eugene. *James Weldon Johnson: Black Leader, Black Voice*. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1973.
* Morrissette, Noelle. *James Weldon Johnson's Modern Soundscapes*. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2013.
* Price, Kenneth M., and Lawrence J. Oliver. *Critical Essays on James Weldon Johnson*. New York: G. K. Hall, 1997.
Dissertations and Theses 1939–2009." ISBN 978-1-935779-00-1.
* Manning, Patrick. *The African Diaspora: A History Through Culture.* New York: Columbia University Press, 2010.

## Pranala luar

* Images and archive  at the Smithsonian Institution.
* James Weldon Johnson Memorial Collection (Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library)
* Profile and Images  at the James Weldon Johnson Institute, Emory. Archives at Emory
* Profile, images, texts At University of South Carolina. University Libraries rare books and special collections.
* Grace and James Weldon Johnson Website 
* Profile at Modern American Poets 
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* Profile and texts at Poets.org
* Profile at Poetry Foundation