Kacapiring (bunga)

***Gardenia*** atau **kacapiring** adalah suatu genus tumbuhan berbunga dalam keluarga tumbuhan kopi, Rubiaceae, yang berhabitat alami di daerah tropik dan subtropik Afrika, Asia, Madagaskar dan Pacific Islands.
Nama genus ini diberikan oleh Carl Linnaeus dan John Ellis berdasarkan nama Dr. Alexander Garden (1730-1791), seorang naturalis kelahiran Skotlandia yang kemudian berdiam di Amerika Serikat.

## Spesies

 *[[The Plant List]]* mengakui 140 spesies (termasuk nama infraspesifik):

* *[[Gardenia actinocarpa]]* 
* *[[Gardenia anapetes]]* 
* *[[Gardenia angkorensis]]* 
* *[[Gardenia annamensis]]* 
* *[[Gardenia aqualla]]* 
* *[[Gardenia archboldiana]]* 
* *[[Gardenia artensis]]* 
* *[[Gardenia aubryi]]* 
* *[[Gardenia barnesii]]* 
* *[[Gardenia beamanii]]* 
* *[[Gardenia boninensis]]* 
* *[[Gardenia brachythamnus]]* 
* *[[Gardenia brighamii]]*  - *Nānū* (Hawaii)
* *[[Gardenia buffalina]]*  (= *Genipa buffalina*)
* *[[Gardenia cambodiana]]* 
* *[[Gardenia candida]]* 
* *[[Gardenia carinata]]*  India, Malaya.
* *[[Gardenia carstensensis]]* 
* *[[Gardenia chanii]]* 
* *[[Gardenia chevalieri]]* 
* *[[Gardenia clemensiae]]* 
* *[[Gardenia collinsae]]* 
* *[[Gardenia colnettiana]]* 
* *[[Gardenia conferta]]* 
* *[[Gardenia cornuta]]*  (Natal Gardenia). South Africa.
* *[[Gardenia coronaria]]* 
* *[[Gardenia costulata]]* 
* *[[Gardenia crameri]]* 
* *[[Gardenia cuneata]]* 
* *[[Gardenia dacryoides]]* 
* *[[Gardenia deplanchei]]* 
* *[[Gardenia dolichantha]]* 
* *[[Gardenia elata]]* 
* *[[Gardenia epiphytica]]* 
* *[[Gardenia erubescens]]* 
* *[[Gardenia esculenta]]* 
* *[[Gardenia ewartii]]* 
* *[[Gardenia faucicola]]* 
* *[[Gardenia fiorii]]* 
* *[[Gardenia flava]]*  (= *Genipa flava*)
* *[[Gardenia forsteniana]]* 
* *[[Gardenia fosbergii]]* 
* *[[Gardenia fucata]]* 
* *[[Gardenia fusca]]* 
* *[[Gardenia gardneri]]* 
* *[[Gardenia gjellerupii]]* 
* *[[Gardenia gordonii]]* 
* *[[Gardenia grandis]]* 
* *[[Gardenia grievei]]* 
* *[[Gardenia griffithii]]* 
* *[[Gardenia gummifera]]*  India. Small tree, to 3 m high.
* *[[Gardenia hageniana]]* 
* *[[Gardenia hainanensis]]* 
* *[[Gardenia hansemannii]]* 
* *[[Gardenia hillii]]* 
* *[[Gardenia hutchinsoniana]]*  – Fiji
* *[[Gardenia imperialis]]*  Tropical Africa. Small tree to 12 m.
** subsp. ''physophylla'' 
* *[[Gardenia invaginata]]* 
* *[[Gardenia ixorifolia]]* 
* *[[Gardenia jabiluka]]* 
* *[[Kacapiring|Gardenia jasminoides]]*  – **Kacapiring**
* *[[Gardenia kakaduensis]]* 
* *[[Gardenia kamialiensis]]* 
* *[[Gardenia lacciflua]]* 
* *[[Gardenia lamingtonii]]* 
* *[[Gardenia lanutoo]]* 
* *[[Gardenia latifolia]]*  India. Shrub or tree, 5–10 m high.
* *[[Gardenia leopoldiana]]* 
* *[[Gardenia leschenaultii]]* 
* *[[Gardenia magnifica]]* 
* *[[Gardenia mannii]]*  (Hawaii)
* *[[Gardenia maugaloae]]* 
* *[[Gardenia megasperma]]* 
* *[[Gardenia mollis]]* 
* *[[Gardenia moszkowskii]]* 
* *[[Gardenia mutabilis]]* 
* *[[Gardenia ngoyensis]]* 
* *[[Gardenia nitida]]* 
* *[[Gardenia obtusifolia]]* 
* *[[Gardenia ornata]]* 
* *[[Gardenia oudiepe]]* 
* *[[Gardenia ovularis]]* 
* *[[Gardenia pallens]]* 
* *[[Gardenia panduriformis]]* 
* *[[Gardenia papuana]]* 
* *[[Gardenia philastrei]]* 
* *[[Gardenia posoquerioides]]* 
* *[[Gardenia propinqua]]* 
* *[[Gardenia pseudoternifolia]]* 
* *[[Gardenia psidioides]]* 
* *[[Gardenia pterocalyx]]* 
* *[[Gardenia pyriformis]]* 
** subsp. ''keartlandii'' 
* *[[Gardenia racemulosa]]* 
* *[[Gardenia reinwardtiana]]* 
* *[[Gardenia remyi]]*  (Hawaii)
* *[[Gardenia resinifera]]*  (Brilliant Gardenia, Cambi Resin Tree, or *dikamali*) India. Shrub or small tree, to 3 m high. (= *G. lucida, Genipa resinifera*)
* *[[Gardenia resiniflua]]*  (Gummy Gardenia). South Africa.
* *[[Gardenia resinosa]]* 
* *[[Gardenia rupicola]]* 
* *[[Gardenia rutenbergiana]]*  (= *Genipa rutenbergiana*)
* *[[Gardenia saxatilis]]* 
* *[[Gardenia scabrella]]*  far north Queensland- used in amenities plantings in Cairns
* *[[Gardenia schlechteri]]* 
* *[[Gardenia schwarzii]]* 
* *[[Gardenia sericea]]* 
* *[[Gardenia similis]]* 
* *[[Gardenia siphonocalyx]]* 
* *[[Gardenia sokotensis]]* 
* *[[Gardenia sootepensis]]* 
* *[[Gardenia stenophylla]]* 
* *[[Gardenia stipulosa]]* 
* *[[Gardenia storckii]]* 
* *[[Gardenia subacaulis]]* 
* *[[Gardenia subcarinata]]* 
* *[[Gardenia succosa]]* 
* *[[Gardenia taitensis]]*  (Tahitian Gardenia, *Tiare māori*). Polynesia.
* *[[Gardenia tannaensis]]* 
* *[[Gardenia ternifolia]]*  (Large-leaved Transvaal Gardenia). Sudano-Zambezian savannas and woodlands.
** var. ''goetzei'' 
** subsp. ''jovis-tonantis''  (= *G. jovis-tonantis*, *Genipa jovis-tonantis*)
* *[[Gardenia tessellaris]]* 
* *[[Gardenia thailandica]]* 
* *[[Gardenia thunbergia]]*  (White Gardenia, Forest Gardenia, or *witkatjiepiering*) South Africa. Shrub or small tree, 2–5 m high.
* *[[Gardenia tinneae]]* 
* *[[Gardenia transvenulosa]]* 
* *[[Gardenia trochainii]]* 
* *[[Gardenia tropidocarpa]]* 
* *[[Gardenia truncata]]* 
* *[[Gardenia tubifera]]*  (Golden Gardenia). Southeastern Asia. Small tree to 15 m high.
* *[[Gardenia urvillei]]* 
* *[[Gardenia vernicosa]]* 
* *[[Gardenia vilhelmii]]* 
* *[[Gardenia vitiensis]]*  (Fijian Gardenia) Fiji.
* *[[Gardenia vogelii]]* 
* *[[Gardenia volkensii]]*  (Transvaal Gardenia or Savanna Gardenia). Tropical Africa.
** var. ''saundersiae'' 
** subsp. ''spathulifolia'' 
* *[[Gardenia vulcanica]]* 

## Pembiakan dan kegunaan

Tumbuhan Gardenia disenangi karena bau bunga yang harum, dan bunganya berukuran besar pada sejumlah spesies.

## Galeri


Image:Starr_030523-0050_Gardenia_brighamii.jpg|*Gardenia brighamii*

Image:White Gardenia flower.jpg|*Gardenia jasminoides* 'Plena'

Image:Gardenia_Flower.jpg|*Gardenia jasminoides*l 'Radicans'

Image:Gardenia psidioides flower.jpg|*Gardenia psidioides

Image:Tiare_maori.JPG|*Gardenia taitensis*

Image:Gardenia thunbergia00.jpg|<center>*Gardenia thunbergia* karya Edith Struben (1868-1936)</center>

Image:Gardeniavolkensii-flowerface.JPG|Bunga *Gardenia volkensii*

Image:Gardeniavolkensii-flowers&foliage&fruit.JPG|*Gardenia volkensii'' bunga, daun, buah


## Lihat pula
* Genipin
* Crocin

## Referensi

## Pranala luar

* World Checklist of Rubiaceae