Keledai Emas

***Metamorphoses*** karya Apuleius adalah satu-satunya novel Romawi kuno dalam bahasa Latin yang masih ada dalam keadaan utuh. Novel ini diberi sebutan ***Keledai Emas*** (*Asinus aureus*) oleh Santo Agustinus.

Protagonis novel tersebut bernama Lucius. Pada akhir novel, tersibak bahwa ia berasal dari Madaurus, tempat asal Apuleius.

## Catatan kaki

## Referensi

### Terjemahan Inggris
* Apuleius; Adlington, William (Trans.) (1566). *The Golden Ass*. Wordsworth Classics of World Literature, Wordsworth Ed. Ltd.: Ware, GB. 
* Apuleius; Taylor, Thomas (Trans.) (1822). *The Metamorphosis, or The Golden Ass, and Philosophical Works, of Apuleius*. London: J. Moyes (Suppressed (dirty) passages printed separately.)
* Apuleius; Head, George (Trans.) (1851). *The Metamorphosis of Apuleius; A Romance of the Second Century*. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. (Bowdlerized)
* Apuleius; Anonymous Translator (Trans.) (1853). *The Works of Apuleius*. London: Bohn's Library.
* Apuleius; Byrne, Francis D. (Trans.) (1904). *The Golden Ass*. London: The Imperial Press. (Dirty passages rendered in original Latin.)
* Apuleius; Butler H. E. (Trans.) (1910). *The Golden Ass*. London: The Clarendon Press. (Dirty passages removed.)
* Apuleius; Graves, Robert (Trans.) (1950). *The Golden Ass*. Penguin Classics, Penguin Books Ltd. 
* Apuleius; Lindsay, Jack (Trans.) (1962). *The Golden Ass*. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 
* Apuleius; Hanson, John Arthur (Trans.) (1989). *Metamorphoses.* Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press.  (v. 1),  (v. 2)
* Apuleius; Walsh, P.G. (Trans.) (1994). *The Golden Ass.* New York: Oxford UP. 
* Apuleius; Kenney, E.J. (Trans.) (1998, rev. 2004). *The Golden Ass.* London: Penguin. 
* Apuleius; Relihan, Joel C. (Trans.) (2007). *The Golden Ass Or, A Book of Changes* Hackett Publishing Company: Indianapolis. 
* Apuleius; Ruden, Sarah (Trans.) (2011). *The Golden Ass.* Yale UP. 

### Bacaan tambahan
* Carver, Robert H. F. (2007). *The Protean Ass: The 'Metamorphoses' of Apuleius from Antiquity to the Renaissance*. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 
* De Smet, Richard. (1987). "The Erotic Adventure of Lucius and Photis in Apuleius' Metamorphoses." *Latomus* 46.3: 613-623. Société d'Études Latines de Bruxelles.
* Gaisser, J. Haig. (2008). *The Fortunes of Apuleius and the Golden Ass: A Study in Transmission and Reception*. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
* Gorman, S. (2008). "When the Text Becomes the Teller: Apuleius and the Metamorphoses." *Oral Tradition* 23(1), Center for Studies in Oral Tradition
* Griffiths, J. Gwyn (1975). *Apuleius of Madauros: The Isis-Book (Metamorphoses, Book XI)*. E. J. Brill. 
* Harrison, S. (2000). *Apuleius. A Latin Sophist*. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
* Harrison, S. (ed.) (2015). *Characterisation in Apuleius' Metamorphoses: Nine Studies*. Pierides, 5. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
* Harrison, S. J. (2013). *Framing the Ass: Literary Texture in Apuleius' Metamorphoses*. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.
* Hooper, R. (1985). *Structural Unity in the Golden Ass*. *Latomus*, 44(2), 398-401.
* Kenney, E. (2003). "In the Mill with Slaves: Lucius Looks Back in Gratitude." *Transactions of the American Philological Association* (1974-) 133.1: 159-192.
* Keulen, W. H. (2011). *Aspects of Apuleius' Golden Ass: The Isis Book: A Collection of Original Papers*. Leiden: Brill.
* Kirichenko, A. (2008). "Asinus Philosophans: Platonic Philosophy and the Prologue to Apuleius' "Golden Ass."" *Mnemosyne*, 61(1), fourth series, 89-107.
* Lee, Benjamin Todd, Ellen D Finkelpearl, and Luca Graverini. (2014). *Apuleius and Africa.* New York;London: Routledge.
* May, R. (2006). *Apuleius and Drama: The Ass on Stage*. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
* Oswald, Peter (2002). *The Golden Ass or the Curious Man*. Comedy in Three Parts after the Novel by Lucius Apuleius. London: Oberon Books. 
* O'Sullivan, Timothy M. (2017). "Human and Asinine Postures in Apuleius' Golden Ass." *The Classical Journal*, 112.2: 196-216.
* Paschalis, M., & Frangoulidis, S. A. (2002). *Space in the Ancient Novel*. Groningen: Barkhuis Publishing.
* Perry, B. E. (2016). "An Interpretation of Apuleius' Metamorphoses." *Illinois Classical Studies* 41.2: 405-421
* Schlam, C. (1968). The Curiosity of the Golden Ass. *The Classical Journal*, 64.3: 120-125.
* Schoeder, F. M. (2008). "The Final Metamorphosis: Narrative Voice in the Prologue of Apuleius' Golden Ass." In S. Stern-Gillet, and K. Corrigan (eds.), *Reading Ancient Texts: Aristotle and Neoplatonism - Essays in Honour of Denis O'Brien,* 115-135. Boston: Brill.
* Stevenson, S. (1934). "A Comparison of Ovid and Apuleius as Story-Tellers." *The Classical Journal* 29.8: 582-590.
* Tatum, J. (1969). "The Tales in Apuleius' Metamorphoses." *Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association* 100: 487-527.
* Tilg, Stefan (2014). *Apuleius' Metamorphoses: A Study in Roman Fiction*. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 
* Wright, C. S, Holloway, J. Bolton, & Schoeck, R. J. (2000). *Tales within Tales: Apuleius Through Time*. New York: AMS Press.

## Pranala luar

* Forum Romanum: ''Metamorphoses'' (Latin text only.)
* William Adlington's English translation made in 1566:
** Project Gutenberg: ''The Golden Asse'' (Plain text.)
** Sacred Text Archive: ''The Golden Asse'' (Based on the preceding.)
** EServer: ''The Golden Asse'' (Based on earlier edition of the HTML version above.)
** ''The Most Pleasant and Delectable Tale of the Marriage of Cupid and Psyche'' (Excerpt illustrated by Dorothy Mullock, 1914.)
* 
* The Spectacles of Apuleius: a digital humanities project on the *Metamorphoses* of Apuleius
* Metamorphoses at Perseus Digital Library

**Komentar**
* ''The Golden Ass'' by Apuleius , essay by Ted Gioia (Conceptual Fiction)
* ''The Golden Ass'' by B. Slade
* Book One and Apuleius' ''Metamorphoses''," in J. S. Ruebel, ''Apuleius: Metamorphoses Book I''. (PDF.)