Neil deGrasse Tyson

**Neil deGrasse Tyson** () adalah astrofisikawan dan komunikator sains asal Amerika Serikat. Ia adalah kepala Hayden Planetarium di Rose Center for Earth and Space. Semenjak tahun 2006, Neil deGrasse Tyson membawakan acara televisi *[[NOVA scienceNOW]]* di PBS, dan sering kali tampil dalam *[[The Daily Show]]*, *[[The Colbert Report]]*, dan *[[Jeopardy]]*, dan sekarang membawakan acara **' milik [[National Geographic Channel]].

== Gambaran Umum ==
Tyson dilahirkan di [[Manhattan]], [[New York]] dan sudah tertarik pada astronomi sejak berusia sembilan tahun, setelah mengunjungi Planetarium Hayden. Setelah lulus dari [[The Bronx High School of Science]], ia melanjutkan kuliah di [[Harvard University]] pada tahun 1980. Setalah menerima gelar master di bidang astronomi di [[University of Texas at Austin]] pada tahun 1983, ia mendapat gelar master (1989) dan doktor (1991) di bidang [[astrofisika]] dari [[Columbia University]]. Untuk tiga tahun berikutnya, ia bekerja sebagai periset di [[Princeton University]], dan pada tahun 1994, ia bergabung dengan Planetarium Hayden sebagai seorang staf ilmuwan. Pada tahun 1996, ia menjadi direktur dari planetarium ini dan mengawasi pengerjaan proyek pembangunan planetarium seharga $210.000.000, yang akhirnya selesai pada tahun 2000.

Dari tahun 1995 sampai 2005, Tyson menulis di kolom "Universe" untuk majalah ''[[Natural History (magazine)|Natural History]]'', beberapa diantaranya juga diterbitkan lewat bukunya yang berjudul ''[[Death by Black Hole]]'' (2007). Di periode yang sama, ia juga menulis di kolom pada majalah ''Star Date'', kolom ini menjawab berbagai pertanyaan tentang alam semesta. Di kolom ini, Tyson menggunakan nama pena 'Merlin'. Tulisannya di kolom ini juga ditampilkan dalam bukunya yang berjudul ''Merlin's Tour of the Universe'' (1998) dan ''Just Visiting This Planet'' (1998). Tyson juga pernah bekerja di [[:en:Commission on the Future of the United States Aerospace Industry|Komisi Masa Depan Industri Antariksa A.S]] pada tahun 2001, dan pada tahun 2004 juga bekerja di [[:en:President's Commission on Implementation of United States Space Exploration Policy|Komisi Penerapan Peraturan Antariksa A.S]]. Ia juga diberi penghargaan [[NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal]] pada tahun yang sama. [[National Academy of Sciences]] juga memberi Tyson [[Public Welfare Medal]] pada tahun 2015 untuk "peran yang luar biasa dalam membuat masyarakat antusias tentang luar angkasa".

== Pengiktirafan ==
Daftar penghargaan yang diterima oleh Tyson:

=== Anugerah ===
* 2001 Medal of Excellence, Columbia University, New York City
* 2004 NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal
* 2005 Science Writing Award
* 2007 Klopsteg Memorial Award winner
* 2009 Douglas S. Morrow Public Outreach Award from the Space Foundation for significant contributions to public awareness of space programs
* 2009 Isaac Asimov Award from the [[American Humanist Association]]
* 2014 Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Reality Show Host
* 2014 Dunlap Prize
* 2015 Public Welfare Medal from the [[National Academy of Sciences]]
* 2015 Cosmos Award, Planetary Society
* 2017 Hubbard Medal, [[National Geographic|National Geographic Society]]
* 2017 Stephen Hawking Medal for Science and Communication, Starmus

=== Penghargaan ===
* 2000 Sexiest Astrophysicist Alive, ''People'' magazine
* 2001 asteroid named: [[13123 Tyson]], renamed from Asteroid 1994KA by the [[International Astronomical Union]]
* 2001 The Tech 100, voted by editors of ''Crain's Magazine'' to be among the 100 most influential technology leaders in New York
* 2004 Fifty Most Important African-Americans in Research Science
* 2007 Harvard 100: Most Influential, ''Harvard Alumni'' magazine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
* 2007 The [[Time 100|''Time'' 100]], voted by the editors of ''Time'' magazine as one of the 100 most influential persons in the world
* 2008 ''Discover Magazine'' selected him as one of "The 10 Most Influential People in Science"

=== Dokter kehormatan ===

* 1997 [[York College, City University of New York|York College]], City University of New York
* 2000 [[Ramapo College]], Mahwah, New Jersey
* 2000 [[Dominican College (New York)|Dominican College]], Orangeburg, New York
* 2001 [[University of Richmond]], Richmond, Virginia
* 2002 [[Bloomfield College]], Bloomfield, New Jersey
* 2003 [[Northeastern University]], Boston, Massachusetts
* 2004 [[College of Staten Island]], City University of New York
* 2006 [[Pace University]], New York City
* 2007 [[Williams College]], Williamstown, Massachusetts
* 2007 [[Worcester Polytechnic Institute]], Worcester, Massachusetts
* 2008 [[University of Pennsylvania]], Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
* 2010 [[University of Alabama in Huntsville]], Huntsville, Alabama
* 2010 [[Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute]], Troy, New York
* 2010 [[Eastern Connecticut State University]], Willimantic, Connecticut
* 2011 [[Gettysburg College]], Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
* 2012 [[Mount Holyoke College]], South Hadley, Massachusetts
* 2012 [[Western New England University]], Springfield, Massachusetts
* 2015 [[University of Massachusetts-Amherst]], Amherst, Massachusetts
* 2017 [[Baruch College]], New York, New York

== Filmografi ==


=== Penampilan lain lain ===


== Diskografi ==


== Karya ==
Daftar karya oleh Tyson:

=== Buku ===
* ''Merlin's Tour of the Universe'' (1st ed. 1989; 2nd ed. 1998). .
* ''Universe Down to Earth'' (1994). .
* ''Just Visiting This Planet'' (1998). .
* ''One Universe: At Home in the Cosmos'' (2000). .
* ''Cosmic Horizons: Astronomy at the Cutting Edge'' (2000). .
* ''City of Stars: A New Yorker's Guide to the Cosmos'' (2002)
* ''My Favorite Universe'' (a 12-part lecture series) (2003). .
* ''Origins: Fourteen Billion Years of Cosmic Evolution'' (co-authored with Donald Goldsmith) (2004). .
* ''The Sky Is Not the Limit: Adventures of an Urban Astrophysicist'' (2004). .
* ''Death by Black Hole: And Other Cosmic Quandaries'' (2007). .
* ''The Pluto Files: The Rise and Fall of America's Favorite Planet'' (2009). .
* ''Space Chronicles: Facing the Ultimate Frontier'' (2012). .
* ''Welcome to the Universe: An Astrophysical Tour'' (co-authored with Michael A. Strauss and J. Richard Gott) (2016). .
* ''Astrophysics for People in a Hurry'' (2017). .

=== Publikasi penelitian ===
* Twarog, Bruce A.; Tyson, Neil D. (1985). "UVBY Photometry of Blue Stragglers in NGC 7789". ''Astronomical Journal'' **90**: 1247. .
* Tyson, Neil D.; Scalo, John M. (1988). "Bursting Dwarf Galaxies: Implications for Luminosity Function, Space Density, and Cosmological Mass Density". ''Astrophysical Journal'' **329**: 618. .
* Tyson, Neil D. (1988). "On the possibility of Gas-Rich Dwarf Galaxies in the Lyman-alpha Forest". ''Astrophysical Journal (Letters)'' **329**: L57. .
* Tyson, Neil D.; Rich, Michael (1991). "Radial Velocity Distribution and Line Strengths of 33 Carbon Stars in the Galactic Bulge". ''Astrophysical Journal'' **367**: 547. .
* Tyson, Neil D.; Gal, Roy R. (1993). "An Exposure Guide for Taking Twilight Flatfields with Large Format CCDs". ''Astronomical Journal'' **105**: 1206. .
* Tyson, Neil D.; Richmond, Michael W.; Woodhams, Michael; Ciotti, Luca (1993). "On the Possibility of a Major Impact on Uranus in the Past Century". ''Astronomy & Astrophysics (Research Notes)'' **275**: 630.
* Schmidt, B. P., et al. (1994). "The Expanding Photosphere Method Applied to SN1992am at cz = 14600&nbsp;km/s". ''Astronomical Journal'' **107**: 1444.
* Wells, L. A. et al. (1994). "The Type Ia Supernova 1989B in NGC3627 (M66)". ''Astronomical Journal'' **108**: 2233. .
* Hamuy, M. et al. (1996). "BVRI Light Curves For 29 Type Ia Supernovae". ''Astronomical Journal'' **112**: 2408. .
* Lira, P. et al. (1998). "Optical light curves of the Type IA supernovae SN 1990N and 1991T". ''Astronomical Journal'' **116**: 1006. .
* Scoville, N. et al. (2007). "The Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS): Overview". ''Astrophysical Journal Supplement'' **172**: 1. .
* Scoville, N. et al. (2007). "COSMOS: Hubble Space Telescope Observations". ''Astrophysical Journal Supplement'' **172**: 38. .
* Liu, C. T.; Capak, P.; Mobasher, B.; Paglione, T. A. D.; Scoville, N. Z.; Tribiano, S. M.; Tyson, N. D. (2008). "The Faint-End Slopes of Galaxy Luminosity Functions in the COSMOS Field". ''Astrophysical Journal Letters'' **672''': 198. .

## Referensi

## Pranala luar

* Official website
* PBS NOVA scienceNOW with Neil deGrasse Tyson
* Global Ideas from Neil deGrasse Tyson 
* Star Talk Radio Show hosted by Neil deGrasse Tyson