Film yatim

**Film yatim** () adalah sebuah karya film yang telah ditinggal oleh pemiliknya atau pemegang hak ciptanya; selain juga, film manapun yang telah melewati batas waktu hak cipta.

## Sejarah
Asal muasal istilah film yatim masih belum jelas. Namun pada 1990an, para pengarsip film umumnya memakai kolokuialisme tersebut untuk merujuk kepada film-film yang ditinggal oleh para pemiliknya. Sebelum akhir dekade tersebut, frasa tersebut dianggap sebagai kiasan bagi penyajian film, mula-mula di Amerika Serikat, kemudian dunia.

## Referensi

### Catatan kaki

### Daftar pustaka

* Asch, Mark. "Three Questions for Cullen Gallagher About the Orphan Film Symposium,"  *The L Magazine,* January 22, 2010.
* Boyle, James, et al. ''Access to Orphan Films'' , submission to the Copyright Office, from the Center for the Study of the Public Domain, Duke University Law School, March 2005.
* Cave, Dylan. “Born Digital – Raised an Orphan?: Acquiring Digital Media through an Analog Paradigm,” *The Moving Image* 8.1 (Spring 2008): 1–13.
* Cherchi Usai, Paolo. "What Is an Orphan Film? Definition, Rationale, Controversy." Paper delivered at the symposium "Orphans of the Storm: Saving Orphan Films in the Digital Age", University of South Carolina, September 23, 1999. Transcript at http://www.sc.edu/filmsymposium/archive/orphans2001/usai.html 
* Cherchi Usai, Paolo. "Are All (Analog) Films 'Orphans'? A Pre-digital Appraisal," *The Moving Image* 9.1 (2009): 1–18.
* Coffey, Liz. “Orphans of the Storm III: Listening to Orphan Films,” *The Moving Image* 3.2 (Fall 2003): 128–32.
* Cohen, Emily. “The Orphanista Manifesto: Orphan Films and the Politics of Reproduction,” *American Anthropologist* 106.4 (2004): 719–31.
* Cullum, Paul. “Orphanistas! Academics and Amateurs Unite to Save the Orphan Film,”  *L.A. Weekly*, Apr. 26, 2001.
* de Klerk, Nico. "Entwurf eines Heims. 'Orphan Films' im Werk Gustav Deutsch / Designing a Home: Orphan Films in the Work of Gustav Deutsch." In *Gustav Deutsch,* ed. Wilbirg Brainin-Donnenberg and Michael Loebenstein (Vienna: SYNEMA, 2009): 113-22.
* Eagan, Daniel. “Orphan Films: Recapturing Lost Snippets of History,” *Smithsonian Magazine*, July 2010, www.smithsonianmag.com.
* Fishman, Stephen. *The Public Domain: How to Find & Use Copyright-free Writing, Music, Art, & More*, 3rd ed. Berkeley, CA: Nolo, 2006.
* Frick, Caroline. “Beyond Hollywood: Enhancing Heritage with the 'Orphan' Film," *International Journal of Heritage Studie* 14.4 (2008): 319–31.
* Frick, Caroline. 'Saving Cinema: The Politics of Preservation' (Oxford University Press, 2010).
* Goldsmith, Leo. "Adventures in Preservation: A Report from the 7th Orphan Film Symposium,"  *Moving Image Source,* June 10, 2010.
* Horak, Jan-Christopher. “Editor's Introduction,” *The Moving Image* 6.2 (2006): vi–viii.
* Horak, Jan-Christopher. “The Strange Case of *The Fall of Jerusalem*: Orphans and Film Identification,” *The Moving Image* 5.2 (2005): 26–49.
* Jones, Janna. *The Past Is a Moving Picture: Preserving the Twentieth Century on Film*. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2012. See chapter 3, subtitled "Orphans and the Culture Wars."
* Kay, Olivia Lory. "Gathering in the Orphans: Essay Films and Archives in the Information Age." *Journal of Media Practice*, 11.3 (2010): 253-66.
* Libby, Jenn. "Foundling Films: Orphans 5: Science, Industry and Education", *Afterimage* (May/June 2006): 11.
* Longo, Regina. “Fifth Orphan Film Symposium: Science, Industry, and Education,” *The Moving Image* 7.1 (Spring 2007): 92–94.
* Musser, Charles. “Discovering Union Films and Its Archives,” *Cinémas: revue d'études cinématographiques* 24.2-3 (2014): 125-60.
* Musser, Charles. Foreword to *Fight Pictures: A History of Boxing and Early Cinema* by Dan Streible (University of California Press, 2008), x–xvi.
* “Orphans No More: Ephemeral Films and American Culture,” issue of the *Journal of Popular Film and Television* 37 (Fall 2009), ed. Elizabeth Heffelfinger and Heide Solbrig.
* Orgeron, Devin. “Orphans Take Manhattan: The 6th Biannual Orphan Film Symposium,” *Cinema Journal* 48.2 (Winter 2009): 114–18.
* “‘Orphan Films’ Course to Screen Eight Neglected Works at Guild,”* Los Angeles Times,* Nov. 23, 1979.
* Orphan Works and Mass Digitization: Obstacles and Opportunities , *Berkeley Technology Law Journal* 27.3 (2012): 1251-1550.
* Prelinger, Rick. *The Field Guide to Sponsored Films*. San Francisco: National Film Preservation Foundation, 2006.
* Prelinger, Rick. "On the Virtues of Preexisting Material," Black Oyster Catcher , blog, May 30, 2007. Republished as "Prelinger Manifesto: On the Virtues of Preexisting Material," ''Enclosure of the Commons'' blog  Feb. 23, 2010; and in ''Contents'' magazine no. 5  (2013).
* Prelinger, Rick, with Raegan Kelly. “Panorama Ephemera,” ''Vectors: Journal of Culture and Technology in a Dynamic Vernacular'' , vol. 2.
* Schwartz, Eric J. and Matt Williams. “Access to Orphan Works: Copyright Law, Preservation, and Politics,” *Cinema Journal* 46.2 (Winter 2007): 139–45.
* Streible, Dan. “Orphan Films,” ''Oxford Bibliographies Online: Cinema and Media Studies,'''  ed. Krin Gabbard (Oxford University Press, added Oct. 29, 2013). DOI: 10.1093/OBO/9780199791286-0064.
* Streible, Dan. “The Role of Orphan Films in the 21st Century Archive,” *Cinema Journal* 46.3 (Spring 2007): 124–28.
* Streible, Dan. “Saving, Studying, and Screening: A History of the Orphan Film Symposium.” In *Film Festival Yearbook 5: Archival Film Festivals*. Edited by Alex Marlow-Mann (St. Andrews, UK: St. Andrews Film Studies, 2013), 163-76.
* Streible, Dan. "The State of Orphan Films: Editor's Introduction," *The Moving Image* 9.1 (2009): vi–xix.
* Tynes, Teri. "*Gustav Deutsch and the Art of Found Footage.” Originally for *Reframe* (Tribeca Film Institute blog), May 6, 2009. footage.html Access via the filmmaker’s website .
* Van Gompel, Stef and P. Bernt Hugenholtz. “The Orphan Works Problem: The Copyright Conundrum of Digitizing Large-Scale Audiovisual Archives, and How to Solve It," *Popular Communication: International Journal of Media and Culture*, 8.1 (2010): 61-71.
* Wilson, Rachel. "Moving Pictures Around the World: The 7th Orphan Film Symposium," ''Senses of Cinema,'' 55  (2010).
* Ziebell Mann, Sarah. “A Meditation on the Orphan, via the University of South Carolina Symposium,” *AMIA Newsletter* 47 (Winter 2000), 30, 33.

## Pranala luar

* Orphan Film Symposium websites at New York University (Cinema Studies Dept., Tisch School of the Arts), http://www.nyu.edu/orphanfilms and at the University of South Carolina (Film and Media Studies Program, College of Arts & Sciences), http://www.sc.edu/filmsymposium , including "What is an orphan film?" http://www.sc.edu/filmsymposium/orphanfilm.html . These sites include audio recordings of talks given at the symposia.
* Orphan Film Symposium Collection, Internet Archive. Created May 3, 2010; last updated June 1, 2014. Audiovisual documentation generated at the Orphan Film Symposium.
* National Film Preservation Foundation 
* Orphan Works Website of the Association of European Film Archives and Cinematheques 
* FORWARD project website