Mitologi

**Mitologi** (serapan dari ) adalah ilmu tentang bentuk sastra yang mengandung konsepsi dan dongeng suci mengenai kehidupan dewa dan makhluk halus dalam suatu kebudayaan.

Mitologi terkait dekat dengan legenda maupun cerita rakyat. Mitologi dapat mencakup kisah penciptaan dunia sampai asal mula suatu bangsa. Tidak seperti mitologi, pada cerita rakyat, waktu dan tempat tidak spesifik dan ceritanya tidak dianggap sebagai kisah suci yang dipercaya kebenarannya. Sedangkan pada legenda, pelaku-pelakunya adalah manusia dan meskipun kejadiannya dianggap benar-benar terjadi, dapat mengandung kisah makhluk supranatural (dewa, setan, dsb.) dan kejadian luar biasa (kutukan, keajaiban, dsb.) seperti pada mitologi. Biasanya latar pada legenda adalah masa-masa pada saat manusia sudah ada dan dikaitkan dengan sejarah dan asal mula suatu tempat.

## Mitologi berdasarkan wilayah
### [[Afrika]]
#### [[Afrika Utara]]
* Mitologi Berber
* Mitologi Mesir Kuno

#### [[Afrika Barat]]
* Mitologi Akan
* Mitologi Ashanti (Ghana)
* Mitologi Dahomey (Fon)
* Mitologi Efik (Nigeria, Kamerun)
* Mitologi Igbo (Nigeria, Kamerun)
* Mitologi Isoko (Nigeria)
* Mitologi Yoruba (Nigeria, Benin)

#### [[Afrika Tengah]]
* Mitologi Bushongo (Kongo)
* Mitologi Baluba
* Mitologi Bambuti (Pigmi) (Kongo)
* Mitologi Lugbara (Kongo)

#### [[Afrika Timur]]
* Mitologi Akamba (Kenya Timur)
* Mitologi Dinka (Sudan)
* Mitologi Lotuko (Sudan)
* Mitologi Masai (Kenya, Tanzania)

#### [[Afrika Selatan]]
* Mitologi Khoikhoi
* Mitologi Lozi (Zambia)
* Mitologi Madagaskar
* Mitologi Tumbuka (Malawi)
* Mitologi Zulu (Afrika Selatan)

### [[Artik]]
bersinggungan dengan Asia, Eropa Utara, dan Amerika Utara.
* Mitologi Finlandia
* Mitologi Inuit
* Mitologi Nordik
* Mitologi Sami

### [[Asia]]
#### [[Asia Barat Daya]]
Timur Tengah, Persia, Anatolia, Kaukasus

**Peradaban kuno**
* Mitologi Mesopotamia (Sumeria, Asiro-Babilonia)
* Mitologi Semitik
** Mitologi Babilonia
** Mitologi Arab
** Mitologi Kanaan
* Mitologi Hittite
* Mitologi Hurrian
* Mitologi Scythia

**[[abad pertengahan]] sampai [[modern]]**
* Mitologi Armenia
* Mitologi Ossetia
* Mitologi Arab
* Mitologi Islam
* Mitologi Kurdi
* Mitologi Persia
* Mitologi Turki

#### [[Asia Selatan]]
* Mitologi Ayyavazhi
* Mitologi Hindu
* Mitologi Tamil

#### [[Asia Timur]]
* Mitologi Buddha
* Mitologi Tiongkok
* Mitologi Jepang
* Mitologi Korea
* Mitologi Tibet
* Mitologi Ryukyu

#### [[Asia Tenggara]]
* Mitologi Filipina
* Mitologi Indonesia
* Mitologi Melayu

#### [[Asia Tengah]] dan [[Asia Utara|Utara]]
bersinggungan dengan Eropa Timur dan Utara
* Mitologi Altai
* Mitologi Scythia
* Mitologi Finn
* Mitologi Tibet

### [[Australia]] dan [[Oceania]]
* Mitologi Aborigin
* Mitologi Hawaii
* Mitologi Maori
* Mitologi Melanesia
* Mitologi Mikronesia
* Mitologi Papua
* Mitologi Polinesia
* Mitologi Rapa Nui

### [[Eropa]]
#### Zaman [[prasejarah]]
* Mitologi Yunani
* Mitologi Romawi
* Mitologi Etruria
* Mitologi Kelt
* Mitologi Jermanik
* Mitologi Paleo-Balkan
* Mitologi Lusitania

#### [[Eropa Utara]]
* Mitologi Nordik
* Mitologi Finn
** Mitologi Estonia
** Mitologi Finlandia
** Mitologi Sami
* Mitologi Baltik
** Mitologi Latvia
** Mitologi Lithuania

#### [[Kepulauan Britania]]
* Mitologi Inggris
* Mitologi Irlandia
* Mitologi Skotlandia
* Mitologi Wales

#### [[Eropa Barat]]
* Mitologi Alpin
* Mitologi Basque
* Mitologi Frankish
* Mitologi Prancis
* Mitologi Jerman

#### [[Eropa Timur]]
* Mitologi Hungaria
* Mitologi Roma (Gipsi)
* Mitologi Slavia
* Mitologi Romania
* Mitologi Tatar

#### [[Eropa Selatan]]
* Mitologi Albania
* Mitologi Katalan
* Mitologi Yunani
* Mitologi Malta
* Mitologi Spanyol

### [[Benua Amerika|Amerika]]
#### [[Amerika Utara]]
**[[Algonquia]] ([[Amerika Serikat]] bagian timur laut, [[Great Lakes]])**
* Mitologi Abenaki
* Kepercayaan tradisional Anishinaabe
* Mitologi Leni Lenape

**Dataran [[Indian]]**
* Mitologi Blackfoot
* Mitologi Crow
* Mitologi Lakota
* Mitologi Pawnee

**[[Muskogean]] (Amerika Serikat bagian selatan) dan [[Iraquois]] (Amerika Serikat bagian Timur)**
* Mitologi Iroquois
* Mitologi Choctaw
* Mitologi Creek
* Mitologi Ho-Chunk
* Mitologi Huron
* Mitologi Seneca

**[[Alaska]] dan [[Artik]] [[Kanada]]**
* Mitologi Haida
* Mitologi Inuit

**[[Pasifik]] Barat Laut**
* Mitologi Kwakiutl
* Mitologi Nootka

**Uto-[[Aztec]] ([[Great Basin]] hingga [[Meksiko]])**
* Mitologi Hopi
* Mitologi Miwok
* Mitologi Ohlone
* Mitologi Ute
* Mitologi Salish
* Mitologi Tsimshian

**Amerika Serikat bagian barat laut**
* Mitologi Navaho
* Mitologi Pomo
* Mitologi Zuni

#### [[Amerika Tengah]]
* Mitologi Aztek
* Mitologi Maya
* Mitologi Olmek

#### [[Karibia]]
* Mitologi Haiti

#### [[Amerika Selatan]]
* Mitologi Chilota
* Mitologi Inka
* Mitologi Guarani
* Mitologi Mapuche

#### Campuran [[Afrika]]
* Hoodoo
* Vodou
* Santería
* Obeah
* Kumina
* Palo
* Candomblé
* Umbanda
* Quimband

## Mitologi berdasarkan agama
* Mitologi Buddha
* Mitologi Hindu
* Mitologi Islam
* Mitologi Kristen
* Mitologi Yahudi

## Mitologi berdasarkan waktu
### [[Zaman Perunggu]]
* Mitologi Proto-Indo-Eropa
** Mitologi Proto-Indo-Iran
* Mitologi Mesopotamia
* Mitologi Mesir kuno
* Mitologi Hittite
* Mitologi Hurria
* Mitologi Regweda

### [[Zaman Besi]]
* Mitologi Klasik
** Mitologi Yunani
** Mitologi Romawi
* Mitologi Etruria
* Mitologi Kelt
* Mitologi Jermanik

### [[Prasejarah]] Akhir
* Mitologi Altai
* Mitologi Slavia
* Mitologi Arab

## Catatan kaki

## Referensi
* Armstrong, Karen. "A Short History of Myth". Knopf Canada, 2006.
* Bascom, William. "The Forms of Folklore: Prose Narratives". *'Sacred Narrative: Readings in the Theory of Myth*. Ed. Alan Dundes. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. 5-29.
* Bulfinch, Thomas. *Bulfinch's Mythology*. Whitefish: Kessinger, 2004.
* Campbell, Joeseph. "The Power of Myth". New York: Doubleday, 1988.
* Doty, William. *Myth: A Handbook*. Westport: Greenwood, 2004.
* Dundes, Alan. "Binary Opposition in Myth: The Propp/Levi-Strauss Debate in Retrospect". *Western Folklore* 56 (Winter, 1997): 39-50.
* Dundes, Alan. Introduction. *Sacred Narrative: Readings in the Theory of Myth*. Ed. Alan Dundes. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. 1-3.
* Dunes, Alan. "Madness in Method Plus a Plea for Projective Inversion in Myth". *Myth and Method*. Ed. Laurie Patton and Wendy Doniger. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1996.
* Eliade, Mircea. *Myth and Reality*. Trans. Willard R. Trask. New York: Harper & Row, 1963.
* Eliade, Mircea. *Myths, Dreams and Mysteries*. Trans. Philip Mairet. New York: Harper & Row, 1967.
* "Euhemerism". *The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions*. Ed. John Bowker. Oxford University Press, 2000. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. UC - Berkeley Library. 20 March 2009 .
* Fabiani, Paolo "The Philosophy of the Imagination in Vico and Malebranche". F.U.P. (Florence UP), English edition 2009. PDF
* Frankfort, Henri, et al. *The Intellectual Adventure of Ancient Man: An Essay on Speculative Thought in the Ancient Near East*. Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 1977.
* Frazer, James. *The Golden Bough*. New York: Macmillan, 1922.
* Graf, Fritz. *Greek Mythology*. Trans. Thomas Marier. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993.
* Honko, Lauri. "The Problem of Defining Myth". *Sacred Narrative: Readings in the Theory of Myth*. Ed. Alan Dundes. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. 41-52.
* Kirk, G.S. *Myth: Its Meaning and Functions in Ancient and Other Cultures*. Berkeley: Cambridge University Press, 1973.
* Kirk, G.S. "On Defining Myths". *Sacred Narrative: Readings in the Theory of Myth*. Ed. Alan Dundes. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. 53-61.
* Leonard, Scott. "The History of Mythology: Part I". *Scott A. Leonard's Home Page*. August 2007.Youngstown State University, 17 November 2009
* Littleton, Covington. *The New Comparative Mythology: An Anthropological Assessment of the Theories of Georges Dumezil*. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973.
* Meletinsky, Elea. *The Poetics of Myth*. Trans. Guy Lanoue and Alexandre Sadetsky. New York: Routledge, 2000.
* "myth." *Encyclopædia Britannica*. 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online, 21 March 2009
* "myths". *A Dictionary of English Folklore*. Jacqueline Simpson and Steve Roud. Oxford University Press, 2000. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. UC - Berkeley Library. 20 March 2009 Oxfordreference.com
* Northup, Lesley. "Myth-Placed Priorities: Religion and the Study of Myth". *Religious Studies Review* 32.1(2006): 5-10.
* O'Flaherty, Wendy. *Hindu Myths: A Sourcebook*. London: Penguin, 1975.
* Pettazzoni, Raffaele. "The Truth of Myth". *Sacred Narrative: Readings in the Theory of Myth*. Ed. Alan Dundes. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. 98-109.
* Segal, Robert. *Myth: A Very Short Introduction*. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2004.
* Simpson, Michael. Introduction. Apollodorus. *Gods and Heroes of the Greeks*. Trans. Michael Simpson. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1976. 1-9.
* Singer, Irving. "Introduction: Philosophical Dimensions of Myth and Cinema." Cinematic Mythmaking: Philosophy in Film. Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States: MIT Press Books, 2008. 3-6. Web. 23 Oct. 2011.
* Indick, William. "Classical Heroes in Modern Movies: Mythological Patterns of the Superhero." Journal of Media Psychology 9.3 (2004): 93-95. York University Libraries. Web.
* Koven, Mikel J. "Folklore Studies and Popular Film and Television: a Necessary Critical Survey." Journal of American Folklore 116.460 (2003): 176-195. Print.
* Olson, Eric L. "Great Expectations: the Role of Myth in 1980s Films with Child Heroes." Virginia Polytechnic Scholarly Library. Virginia Polytechnic Institute And State University, 3 May 2011. Web. 24 Oct. 2011..
* Matira, Lopamundra. "Children's Oral Literature and Modern Mass Media." Indian Folklore Research Journal 5.8 (2008): 55-57. Print.
* Cormer, John. "Narrative." Critical Ideas in Television Studies. New York, United States: Charendon Press, 2007. 47-59. Print.

## Bacaan lebih lanjut
* Stefan Arvidsson, *Aryan Idols. Indo-European Mythology as Ideology and Science*, University of Chicago Press, 2006. ISBN 0-226-02860-7
* Roland Barthes, *Mythologies* (1957)
* Kees W. Bolle, *The Freedom of Man in Myth*. Vanderbilt University Press, 1968.
* Richard Buxton. *The Complete World of Greek Mythology*. London: Thames & Hudson, 2004.
* E. Csapo, *Theories of Mythology* (2005)
* Edith Hamilton, *[[Mythology (book)|Mythology]]* (1998)
* Graves, Robert. "Introduction." *New Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology*. Trans. Richard Aldington and Delano Ames. London: Hamlyn, 1968. v–viii.
* Joseph Campbell
** *[[The Hero with a Thousand Faces]]*. Princeton University Press, 1949.
** *Flight of the Wild Gander: Explorations in the Mythological Dimension: Select Essays 1944–1968* New World Library, 3rd ed. (2002), ISBN 978-1-57731-210-9.
** *[[The Power of Myth]]*. Doubleday, 1988, ISBN 0-385-24773-7.
** *[[Thou Art That (book)]]*. New World Library, 2001, ISBN 1-57731-202-3
* Mircea Eliade
** *Cosmos and History: The Myth of the Eternal Return*. Princeton University Press, 1954.
** *The Sacred and the Profane: The Nature of Religion*. Trans. Willard R. Trask. NY: Harper & Row, 1961.
* Louis Herbert Gray [ed.], *The Mythology of All Races*, in 12 vols., 1916.
* Lucien Lévy-Bruhl
** *Mental Functions in Primitive Societies* (1910)
** *Primitive Mentality* (1922)
** *The Soul of the Primitive* (1928)
** *The Supernatural and the Nature of the Primitive Mind* (1931)
** *Primitive Mythology* (1935)
** *The Mystic Experience and Primitive Symbolism* (1938)
* Charles H. Long, *Alpha: The Myths of Creation*. George Braziller, 1963.
* O'Flaherty, Wendy. *Hindu Myths: A Sourcebook*. London: Penguin, 1975.
* Barry B. Powell, *Classical Myth*, 5th edition, Prentice-Hall.
* Santillana and Von Dechend (1969, 1992 re-issue). *Hamlet's Mill: An Essay Investigating the Origins of Human Knowledge And Its Transmission Through Myth*, Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-87923-215-3.

* Isabelle Loring Wallace and Jennie Hirsh, *Contemporary Art and Classical Myth*. Farnham: Ashgate (2011), ISBN 978-0-7546-6974-6
* Walker, Steven F. and Segal, Robert A., *Jung and the Jungians on Myth: An Introduction*, Theorists of Myth, Routledge (1996), ISBN 978-0-8153-2259-7.
* Vanda Zajko and Miriam Leonard, *Lauphing with Medusa*. Oxford: Oxford `University Press (2006), ISBN 978-0-19-923794-4.
* Zong, In-Sob. *Folk Tales from Korea*. 3rd ed. Elizabeth: Hollym, 1989.

## Lihat juga
* Mitos – cerita mengenai kedewaan dan pahlawan pada masa lalu
* Arkeomitologi – studi mitologi melalui disiplin arkeologi

## Pranala luar

* The New Student's Reference Work/Mythology, ed. Beach (1914), at wikisource.
* Leonard, Scott. "The History of Mythology: Part I" . Youngstown State University.
* Greek mythology
* Sacred texts
* Myths and Myth-Makers Old Tales and Superstitions Interpreted by comparative mythology by John Fiske.
* LIMC Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae, a database of ancient objects linked with mythology
* Joseph Campbell on Bill Moyers's ''The Power of Myth''