Muhtasib

**Muhtasib** () adalah seseorang yang bertugas melaksanakan hisbah, yaitu kewajiban amar makruf nahi mungkar ("menegakkan yang benar dan melarang yang mungkar"). Di negara-negara Islam pada Abad Pertengahan dan Periode Modern Awal, tugas ini dijalankan oleh lembaga publik yang disebut *Ihtisāb* (). Lembaga semacam ini dapat ditemu di Maroko, Pakistan, dan Aceh saat ini.

Muhtasib pertama diangkat di Irak pada abad kedelapan. Muhtasib diangkat oleh penguasa, wazir, atau qadi, dan kadang juga dibantu oleh petugas-petugas lainnya. Muhtasib aktif di tempat-tempat umum, seperti pasar, tempat pemandian, masjid, dan kuburan. Muhtasib juga dapat menghukum mereka yang melanggar hukum Islam.

## Lihat pula
* Muhtasib di Aceh

## Bacaan lanjut
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* Ahmad ʿAbd ar-Rāziq: *Les muḥtasibs de Fosṭaṭ au temps des mamluks* in *Annales Islamologiques* 14 (1978) 127–146. PDF
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* Maurice Gaudefroy-Demombynes: *Un magistrat musulman: le mohtasib* in *Journal des savants* 1 (1947) 33–40. Digitalisat
* Ahmad Ghabin: *Ḥisba, Arts and Craft in Islam*. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden, 2009.
* Thomas Glick: *Muhtasib and Mustasaf: A Case Study of Institutional Diffusion* in *Viator* (1972) 59–82.
* Uriel Heyd: *Studies in Old Ottoman Criminal Law*. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1973. S. 229–234.
* Wilhelm Hoenerbach: *Das Zunft- und Marktwesen und seine Verwaltung im heutigen Tetuan* in *Die Welt des Islams* 4 (1955) 79–123.
* Heribert Horst: *Die Staatsverwaltung der Großselǧūqen und Ḫōrazmšāhs (1038–1231). Eine Untersuchung nach Urkundenformularen der Zeit*. Franz Steiner, Wiesbaden, 1964. S. 97, 161f.
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* Roger Le Tourneau: *Fès avant le protectorat. Étude économique et sociale d’une ville de l’occident Musulman.* SMLE, Casablanca, 1949. S. 212–214, 293–295.
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* Syed Liyaqat Hussain Moini: *The city of Ajmer during the eighteenth century, a political, administrative and economic history*. PhD dissertation, Aligarh Muslim University, 1987. S. 246–250. Digitalisat
* Christian Müller: *Gerichtspraxis im Stadtstaat Córdoba. Zum Recht der Gesellschaft in einer mālikitisch-islamischen Rechtstradition des 5/11. Jahrhunderts.* Brill, Leiden 1999. S. 303–310.
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* Joseph Sadan: *A new source of the Būyid Period* in *Israel Oriental Studies* 9 (1979) 355–376.
* R.B. Serjeant: *A Zaidī Manual of Ḥisbah of the 3rd century (H)* in *Rivista degli Studi Orientali* 28 (1953) 1–34.
* Boaz Shoshan: *Fatimid Grain Policy and the Post of the Muhtasib* in *International Journal of Middle East Studies* 13 (1981) 181–189.
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* Kristen Stilt: *Islamic law in action: authority, discretion, and everyday experiences in Mamluk Egypt.* Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 2011. S. 38–72.
* Richard Wittmann: *The muḥtasib in Seljuq times: insights from four chancery manuals* in *Harvard middle eastern and Islamic review* 7 (2006) 108–128.
* Michèle Zirari-Devif: *La „hisba“ au Maroc: hier et aujourd’hui* in Hervé Bleuchot: *Les institutions traditionelles dans le monde arabe*. Karthala, Paris, 1996. S. 71–85.
* Niqūlā Ziyāda: *Al-Ḥisba wa-l-muḥtasib fī l-islām*. Imprimerie Catholique, Beirut, 1962.