Otto Neurath

**Otto Neurath** (; 10 Desember 1882 – 22 Desember 1945) adalah filsuf, filsuf ilmu, sosiolog, dan ekonom politik Austria. Sebelum mengungsi ke luar negeri tahun 1934, Neurath merupakan salah satu tokoh utama Lingkaran Wina.

## Karya
Otto Neurath menulis beberapa buku dan artikel. Berikut adalah judul pilihannya:
* 1913. *Serbiens Erfolge im Balkankriege: eine wirtschaftliche und soziale Studie*. Wien: Manz.
* 1921. *Anti-Spengler*. München, Callwey Verlag.
* 1926. *Antike Wirtschaftsgeschichte*. Leipzig, Berlin: B. G. Teubner.
* 1928. *Lebensgestaltung und Klassenkampf*. Berlin: E. Laub.
* 1933. *Einheitswissenschaft und Psychologie*. Wien.
* 1936. *International Picture Language; the First Rules of Isotype*. London: K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & co., ltd., 1936
* 1937. *Basic by Isotype*. London, K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & co., ltd.
* 1939. *Modern Man in the Making*. Alfred A. Knopf
* 1944. *Foundations of the Social Sciences*. University of Chicago Press
* 1944. *International Encyclopedia of Unified Science*. With Rudolf Carnap, and Charles W. Morris (eds.). University of Chicago Press.
* 1946. *Philosophical Papers*, 1913–1946. Marie Neurath and Robert Cohen, with Carolyn R. Fawcett, eds.
* 1973. *Empiricism and Sociology*. Marie Neurath and Robert Cohen, eds. With a selection of biographical and autobiographical sketches by Popper and Carnap. Includes abridged translation of *Anti-Spengler*.

Artikel pilihan:
* 1912. The problem of the pleasure maximum. In: Cohen and Neurath (eds.) 1983
* 1913. The lost wanderers of Descartes and the auxiliary motive. In: Cohen and Neurath 1983
* 1916. On the classification of systems of hypotheses. In: Cohen and Neurath 1983
* 1919. Through war economy to economy in kind. In: Neurath 1973 (a short fragment only)
* 1920a. Total socialisation. In: Cohen and Uebel 2004
* 1920b. A system of socialisation. In: Cohen and Uebel 2004
* 1928. Personal life and class struggle. In: Neurath 1973
* 1930. Ways of the scientific world-conception. In: Cohen and Neurath 1983
* 1931a. The current growth in global productive capacity. In: Cohen and Uebel 2004
* 1931b. Empirical sociology. In: Neurath 1973
* 1931c. *[http://amshistorica.unibo.it/diglib.php?inv=7&int_ptnum=50&term_ptnum=309&format=jpg Physikalismus]*. In: Scientia: rivista internazionale di sintesi scientifica, 50, 1931, pp.&nbsp;297–303
* 1932. *Protokollsätze* (Protocol statements).In: *Erkenntnis,* Vol. 3. Repr.: Cohen and Neurath 1983
* 1935a. Pseudorationalism of falsification. In: Cohen and Neurath 1983
* 1935b. The unity of science as a task. In: Cohen and Neurath 1983
* 1937. *[http://amshistorica.unibo.it/diglib.php?inv=7&int_ptnum=62&term_ptnum=317&format=jpg Die neue enzyklopaedie des wissenschaftlichen empirismus]*. In: Scientia: rivista internazionale di sintesi scientifica, 62, 1937, pp.&nbsp;309–320
* 1938 'The Departmentalization of Unified Science', *Erkenntnis* VII, pp.&nbsp;240–46
* 1940. Argumentation and action. The Otto Neurath Nachlass in Haarlem 198 K.41
* 1941. The danger of careless terminology. In: *The New Era* 22: 145–50
* 1942. International planning for freedom. In: Neurath 1973
* 1943. Planning or managerial revolution. (Review of J. Burnham, The Managerial Revolution). The New Commonwealth 148–54
* 1943–5. Neurath–Carnap correspondence, 1943–1945. The Otto Neurath Nachlass in Haarlem, 223
* 1944b. Ways of life in a world community. The London Quarterly of World Affairs, 29–32
* 1945a. Physicalism, planning and the social sciences: bricks prepared for a discussion v. Hayek. 26 July 1945. The Otto Neurath Nachlass in Haarlem 202 K.56
* 1945b. Neurath–Hayek correspondence, 1945. The Otto Neurath Nachlass in Haarlem 243
* 1945c. Alternatives to market competition. (Review of F. Hayek, The Road to Serfdom). The London Quarterly of World Affairs 121–2
* 1946a. The orchestration of the sciences by the encyclopedism of logical empiricism. In: Cohen and. Neurath 1983
* 1946b. After six years. In: *Synthese* 5:77–82
* 1946c. The orchestration of the sciences by the encyclopedism of logical empiricism. In: Cohen and. Neurath 1983
* 1946. *From Hieroglyphics to Isotypes*. Nicholson and Watson. Excerpts. Rotha (1946) claims that this is in part Neurath's autobiography.

## Lihat pula
* Teorema ketaklengkapan
* Kurt Gödel
* Kapal Theseus

## Referensi

## Bacaan lanjutan
* Cartwright Nancy, J. Cat, L. Fleck, and T. Uebel, 1996. Otto Neurath: philosophy between science and politics. Cambridge University Press
* Cohen R. S. and M. Neurath (eds.) 1983. Otto Neurath: Philosophical Papers. Reidel
* Cohen, R. S. and T. Uebel (eds.) 2004. Otto Neurath: Economic Writings 1904–1945. Kluwer
* Dutto, Andrea Alberto, 2017, "The Pyramid and the Mosaic. Otto Neurath’s encyclopedism as a critical model," Footprint. Delft Architecture Theory Journal, #20.
* Matthew Eve and Christopher Burke: *Otto Neurath: From Hieroglyphics to Isotype. A visual Autobiography*, Hyphen Press, London 2010
* Sophie Hochhäusl Otto Neurath - City Planning: Proposing a socio-political Map for Modern Urbanism, Innsbruck University Press, 2011 .
* Holt, Jim, "Positive Thinking" (review of Karl Sigmund, *Exact Thinking in Demented Times: The Vienna Circle and the Epic Quest for the Foundations of Science*, Basic Books, 449 pp.), *[[The New York Review of Books]]*, vol. LXIV, no. 20 (21 December 2017), pp.&nbsp;74–76.
* Kraeutler, Hadwig. 2008. Otto Neurath. Museum and Exhibition Work – Spaces (Designed) for Communication. Frankfurt, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Vienna, Peter Lang Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften.
* Nemeth, E., and Stadler, F., eds., "Encyclopedia and Utopia: The Life and Work of Otto Neurath (1882–1945)." *Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook, vol. 4*.
* O'Neill, John, 2003, "Unified science as political philosophy: positivism, pluralism and liberalism," *Studies in History and Philosophy of Science*.
* O'Neill, John, 2002, "Socialist Calculation and Environmental Valuation: Money, Markets and Ecology," Science & Society, LXVI/1.
* Neurath, Otto, 1946, "From Hieroglyphs to Isotypes".
* Symons, John – Pombo, Olga – Torres, Juan Manuel (eds.): *Otto Neurath and the Unity of Science.* (Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science, 18.) Dordrecht: Springer, 2011. 
* Vossoughian, Nader. 2008. Otto Neurath: The Language of the Global Polis. NAi Publishers. 
* Sandner, Günther, 2014, *Otto Neurath. Eine politische Biographie*. Zsolnay, Vienna. . (German)
* Danilo Zolo, 1990, *Reflexive Epistemology and Social Complexity. The Philosophical Legacy of Otto Neurath*, Dordrecht: Kluwer

## Pranala luar
* Shalizi, C R, "Otto Neurath: 1882–1945". Includes references and links.
* Gerd Arntz Web Archive with more than 500 Isotypes
* Bibliography Pictorial Statistics
* Mundaneum in Netherlands
* Article discussing Gödel's Incomplete theorems as a refutation to Neurath and the Vienna Circle's logical Positivism
* Austrian Museum for Social and Economic Affairs (Österreichisches Gesellschafts- und Wirtschaftsmuseum)