Cinéma vérité

**Cinéma vérité** (; , *sinema jujur*) adalah gaya pembuatan film dokumenter yang diciptakan oleh Jean Rouch dan terinspirasi oleh teori Dziga Vertov tentang Kino-Pravda dan dipengaruhi oleh film-film buatan Robert Flaherty. Gaya ini menggabungkan improvisasi dengan penggunaan kamera untuk mengungkap kebenaran atau menegaskan subjek-subjek tersembunyi di balik kenyataan yang pahit.

## Pembuat film
;Perintis:
* Michel Brault
* Robert Drew
* Robert Flaherty
* Richard Leacock
* D. A. Pennebaker
* Pierre Perrault
* Lionel Rogosin
* Jean Rouch
;Lainnya:
* Jon Alpert
* Joe Berlinger dan Bruce Sinofsky (Creative Thinking International)
* David Bradbury
* Nick Broomfield
* Linda Goode Bryant
* John Cassavetes
* Pedro Costa
* Ricardo Costa
* Kirby Dick
* Tamara Goldsworthy
* Amos Gitai
* Christopher Nolan
* Paul Greengrass
* Gilles Groulx
* Kazuo Hara
* Florence Jaugey
* Claude Jutra
+* Allan King
* Louis King
* Abbas Kiarostami
* Barbara Kopple
* Harmony Korine
* Roman Kroitor
* Barbara Loden
* Louis Malle
* Chris Marker
* John Marshall
* Pau Masó
* The Maysles Brothers (Albert and David Maysles)
* Sergio Myers
* Jehane Noujaim
* David Perlov
* Martin Pitts
* Ulrich Seidl
* Kaneto Shindo
* Ellen Spiro
* Bela Tarr
* Dziga Vertov
* Frederick Wiseman
* Joseph Garcia Quinn

## Film pilihan
* *[[24 ID seconde]]* (2000)
* *[[À Hauteur d'homme]]* (2003)
* *[[After Life (film)|After Life]]* (1999)
* *[[Bad Boys (film 1961)|Bad Boys]]* (1961)
* *[[Billy the Kid (film 2007)|Billy the Kid]]* (2007)
* *[[Candid]]* (2012)
* *[[The Carter]]* (2009)
* *[[C'était un rendez-vous]]* (1976)
* *[[Chronique d'un été]]* (1961)
* *[[Cocksucker Blues]]* (1972)
* **' (1963)
* ''[[Demon Lover Diary]]'' (1980)
* ''[[Distance (film)|Distance]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Down for Life (film)|Down for Life]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Eat the Document]]'' (1969)
* ''[[Elizabeth and Mary]]'' (1965)
* ''[[The Emperor's Naked Army Marches On]]'' (1987)
* ''[[F for Fake]]'' (1974)
* ''[[Faces (film)|Faces]]'' (1968)
* ''[[Flag Wars]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Ghosts of Cité Soleil]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Gimme Shelter (film 1970)|Gimme Shelter]]'' (1970)
* ''[[Grey Gardens]]'' (1975)
* ''[[Happy Mother's Day]]'' (1964)
* ''[[Hoop Dreams]]'' (1994)
* ''[[Hospital (film 1970)|Hospital]]'' (1970)
* ''[[Import/Export]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Iraq in Fragments]]'' (2007)
* ''[[In Vanda's Room]]'' (2003)
* ''[[The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife]]'' (1991)
* ''[[Lonely Boy (film)|Lonely Boy]]'' (1962)
* ''[[Manic (film)|Manic]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Medium Cool]]'' (1968)
* ''[[Mists]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Moi, un noir]]'' (1958)
* ''[[Mysterious Object at Noon]]'' (2000)
* ''[[Near Death]]'' (1989)
* ''[[Orderers]]'' (1974)
* ''[[Phantom India]]'' (1969)
* ''[[Photographic Memory]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Project X (film 2012)|Project X]]'' (2012)
* ''[[Les Raquetteurs]]'' (1958) <small>([[:fr:Les Raquetteurs|French article]])</small>
* ''[[Salesman (film 1969)|Salesman]]'' (1969)
* ''[[Seventeen (film 1983)|Seventeen]]'' (1983)
* ''[[Shadows (film 1959)|Shadows]]'' (1959)
* ''[[Sleep (film)|Sleep]]'' (1963)
* ''[[The Day You Love Me]]'' (2009) original title in Spanish ''El días que me quieras''
* ''[[The Plaint of Steve Kreines as recorded by his younger brother Jeff]]'' (1974)
* ''[[Titicut Follies]]'' (1967)
* ''[[Wanda (film)|Wanda]]'' (1971)
* ''[[The War Room]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Warrendale]]'' (1967)
* ''[[West 47th Street (film)|West 47th Street]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Woodstock (film)|Woodstock]]'' (1970)
* ''[[Jordon Saffron Taste This (film)|Jordon Saffron Taste This]]'' (2009)
* ''[[The Act of Killing]]'' (2012)
* ''[[Burning Man: bAble]]'' (2014)

Teknik dan semangat ''cinéma vérité'' dapat ditemukan di film-film fiksi seperti ''[[The Battle of Algiers]]'', ''[[The Blair Witch Project]]'', ''[[Children of Men]]'', ''[[Jimmy and Judy]]'', ''[[Rachel Getting Married]]'', ''[[Cloverfield]]'', ''[[Diary of the Dead]]'', ''[[District 9]]'', ''[[Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - Part 1]]'', **', *[[REC (film)|REC]]*, *[[Saving Private Ryan]]*,*[[The Bourne Ultimatum]]*, dan *[[Paranormal Activity]]*.

## Film dan acara televisi
Banyak sutradara film tahun 1960-an dan seterusnya membuat film dengan cara memegang kamera dengan tangan, menggunakan teknik dan gaya cinéma vérité pada film-film fiksinya yang didasarkan pada naskah. Mereka kadang meminta para aktor berimprovisasi agar kualitas adegannya terlihat lebih spontan. Contoh yang paling mencolok adalah sutradara John Cassavetes; film *Faces* besutannya menciptakan gebrakan baru.

Teknik cinéma vérité juga sudah diangkat ke program-program fiksi televisi seperti **', ''[[The X-Files]]** episode "X-Cops", *[[Sanctuary (seri TV)|Sanctuary]]*, *[[Friday Night Lights (seri TV)|Friday Night Lights]]*, *[[NYPD Blue]]*, *[[Hill Street Blues]]*, *[[Battlestar Galactica (seri TV 2004)|Battlestar Galactica]]*, "The Shield", *[[The Thick Of It]]*, *[[Curb Your Enthusiasm]]*, *[[Louie (seri TV)|Louie]]*, *[[Arrested Development (seri TV)|Arrested Development]]*, *[[Reno 911!]]*, *[[Trailer Park Boys]]*, beberapa episode ''Law & Order'' franchise, *[[The Office]]* (versi Britania dan Amerika), *[[Parks and Recreation]]*, *[[Brooklyn Nine-Nine]]*, dan *[[Veep (seri TV)|Veep]]*. Seri dokumenter yang memakai gaya ini tidka banyak, tetapi ada:

* *[[An American Family]]*
* *[[Cops (seri TV 1989)|COPS]]*
* *[[The Real World]]*
* **'
* ''[[American High (seri TV)|American High]]''
* ''[[The First 48]]''

Banyak yang menganggap bahwa perintis gaya cinéma vérité di televisi adalah [[Orson Welles]] lewat program ''[[Around the World with Orson Welles]]'' (1955).

== Lihat pula ==
* ''[[Cinéma Vérité: Defining the Moment]]''
**Teknik**
* [[Film 16 mm]]
* [[Sync sound]]
* [[Pilottone]]
**Genre terkait*'
* [[Dokufiksi]]
* [[Etnofiksi]]
* [[Rekaman asli (genre)|Rekaman asli]]

== Referensi ==


== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.parlez-vous.com/misc/realism.htm REALISM], article by [[Robert McConnell]] at [http://www.parlez-vous.com/ Parlez-vous.com]
* [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/118029/cinema-verite Cinéma Vérité] at Encyclopædia Britannica
* 
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* [http://www.wernerherzog.com/52.html Minnesota Declaration]  - [[Werner Herzog]]´s criticism of Cinéma Vérité (See *AXIOMS OF FEELING'')