Acido disoxyribonucleic

**Acido disoxyribonucleic** o **deoxyribonucleic** (**ADN**, ) es un acido nucleic que contine le instructiones genetic usate in le disveloppamento e functionamento de tote le organismos vive cognoscite e alicun viruses. Le rolo principal de moleculas **ADN** es memorar information de termino longe. **ADN** es comparate frequentemente con un insimul de cyanotypos, o un codice, perque illo contine le instructiones necessari pro construer altere componentes de cellulas, como proteinas e moleculas ARN (acido ribonucleic). Le segmentos de ADN que supporta isto information genetic se appella genes, ma altere sequentias de ADN ha proposito structural, o es implicate in regularitate del uso de isto information genetic.

ADN es composite, (in chimia organic) de duo longe polymeros de unitates simple nominate nucleotides. 

## Proprietates

**ADN** es un polymer longe composito de unitos que se repeta, nominate nucleotides. Le catena de ADN es 22 a 26 Ångströms large (2.2 to 2.6 nanometres), e uno nucleotide es 3.3&nbsp;Å (0.33&nbsp;nm) longe. 

In le organismos vive, ADN no exista como un molecule solo, ma como un par de molecules associate stricte. Multiple nucleotide in ligamine, como in ADN, isto polymer es nominate polynucleotide.

### Cannellaturas

Le helice duble es un spiral dextera.  

## Historia de recerca de DNA

**ADN** esseva primero isolate de le physician Switze Friedrich Miescher 1869, quando il discoperiva un substantia microscopic in le pure de bandages chirurgic.  Proque il esseva discoperite in le nucleo del cellula, il lo nominava ille "nuclein".

In 1919, Phoebus Levene discoperiva le unitate basic del ADN, le nucleotide  In le annos 1950, Edwin Chargaff discoperiva que le amonta de thymine (T) esse casi equivilante al amonta del adenine (A); per isto, il discoperiva que le mesmo occure con guanine (G) e cytosine (C).

Un annos postea in 1952, un scientista britannic, Rosalind Franklin, studiava crystallos de DNA - specialmente, su diffraction de radios X.  Con iste imagines e con communicationes private con Chargaff, James Watson e Francis Crick sugeriva que hodie esse reguardava como le prime modello correcte del structura helical duple de ADN.  Con Maurice Wilkins, cuje labor supportava le hypothese de Watson e Crick, illos ganiava le Premio Nobel pro physiologia o medicina in 1962.  (Franklin esseva considerate un pionero equal, ma ille moriva in 1958 per cancere ovarian, e le premio nobel non esse acccordate postumemente.)

Le final discoperatura in le analyse de DNA esseva le labor facite per Khorana, Holley e Nirenberg.  Per le discoperatura per Crick que le codice genetic esseva basate in triplettos de bases, nominate "codon", Khorana, Holley, e Nirenberg discoperiva lo pro que le codones codiva; iste esseva le initio de biologia molecular.

## Vide etiam

* Perturbation genetic
* Plasmid
* Nucleic acid analogues
* Nucleic acid methodes
* Nucleic Acid Notationes
* ADN sequentiante
* Polymerase chain reaction
* Phosphoramidite


## Lectura in plus
* Clayton, Julie. (Ed.). *50 Years of DNA*, Palgrave MacMillan Press, 2003. 
* Judson, Horace Freeland. *The Eighth Day of Creation: Makers of the Revolution in Biology*, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1996. 
* Olby, Robert. *The Path to The Double Helix: Discovery of DNA*, first published in October 1974 by MacMillan, with foreword by Francis Crick; ; the definitive DNA textbook, revised in 1994, with a 9 page postscript.
* Ridley, Matt. *Francis Crick: Discoverer of the Genetic Code (Eminent Lives)* HarperCollins Publishers; 192 pp,  2006
* Rose, Steven. *The Chemistry of Life*, Penguin, .
* Watson, James D. and Francis H.C. Crick. A structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid (PDF). *[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]* 171, 737–738, 25 April 1953.
* Watson, James D. *DNA: The Secret of Life* .
* Watson, James D. *[[The Double Helix|The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA (Norton Critical Editions)]]*. 
* Watson, James D. "Avoid boring people and other lessons from a life in science" (2007) New York: Random House. 
* Calladine, Chris R.; Drew, Horace R.; Luisi, Ben F. and Travers, Andrew A. *Understanding DNA*, Elsevier Academic Press, 2003.