open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Patricia Beeman

**Patricia Beeman** (1925-1996) eest laansing, mishigan mein sthit ek maanavaadhikaar kaaryakarta the, jinhonne dakshin aphreeka mein rangabhed se ladane ke lie sthaaneey aur raajy-aadhaarit prayaason ka netrtv kiya, aur jimbaabve aur naameebiya mein svatantrata aandolanon ke samarthan mein prayaason ka netrtv kiya. naagarik adhikaaron ke kshetr mein unake kaam ke lie unhen 1999 mein mishigan vimens hol of fem mein naamit kiya gaya tha. 1977 mein shuroo, beman aur unake pati, phraink beeman, ek tenis koch aur mishigan stet yoonivarsitee mein intraamyooral sports ke nideshak, dakshinee aphreekee libareshan kametee (salch) (1973-1997), ek saamudaayik sangathan mein kendreey vyakti the. emesayoo mein panjeekrt chhaatr sangathan. beemans ko dakshinee aphreeka mein maanavaadhikaaron ke muddon ke baare mein jaanakaaree saajha karane ke prayaason ke lie jaana jaata tha, jaise ki patrak vitarit karana aur philm skreening, pradarshaniyon aur vaarta jaise kaaryakramon ka aayojan karana. eseelasee ke prayaason ne 1977 mein eest laansing shahar dvaara ek chayanaatmak khareed prastaav paarit karane mein mahatvapoorn yogadaan diya, jisane dakshin aphreeka mein sanchaalan vaalee kampaniyon se shahar kee aapoorti kee khareed par rok laga dee; msu bord oph trasteej ke 1978 mein dakshin aphreeka mein sahaayak kampaniyon vaalee kampaniyon se vishvavidyaalay ke phand ka vinivesh karane ka nirnay, jisane msu ko aisa karane vaale yoo.es. ke pahale bade vishvavidyaalayon mein se ek bana diya; aur mishigan raajy dvaara dakshin aphreeka (1979) ko paisa udhaar dene vaale bainkon mein raajy ke phand jama karane par rok lagaane ke lie kaanoonon ko paarit karana, dakshin aphreeka ke sanchaalan (1982) ke saath pharmon mein saarvajanik vishvavidyaalay aur kolej ke nivesh ko pratibandhit karana, aur raajy penshan phand ka vinivesh karana. dakshin aphreeka sanchaalan vaalee kampaniyaan (1988). Patricia Beeman ke kaagajaat emesayoo pustakaalayon mein petreesiya el. beeman dakshinee aphreeka libareshan kametee kalekshan mein sangraheet hain.

## Sandarbh
Rahima Begum

**Rahima Begum** (janm 22 maee 1984) ek angrejee maanavaadhikaar kaaryakarta hain, jo antararaashtreey maanavaadhikaar sangathan restales beings kee sah-sansthaapak aur ek kalaakaar aur shodhakarta hain. Rahima Begum ne 2000 talak plaashet skool mein padhaee kee aur phir sevan kings haee skool mein padhaee kee. unhonne yoonivarsitee kolej landan se uttar aupaniveshik itihaas, saahity aur siddhaant mein eme kiya. begam ne ek shodhakarta, chitrakaar aur svatantr kalaakaar ke roop mein kaam kiya. aktoobar 2007 mein, unhonne akaadamik salaahakaar mabarur uddeen ahamad (janm 1983) ke saath restales beings kee sah-sthaapana kee. restales beings ek antararaashtreey jameenee star ka maanavaadhikaar sangathan aur panjeekrt yooke chairitee hae jo duniya bhar mein haashie par rahane vaale samudaayon ka samarthan karata hae. sangathan sakriyata, vakaalat aur shiksha ke beech sthaan gherata hae. begam kam umr se hee mukhar aur maanavaadhikaaron ke prati bhaavuk rahee hain. unhonne meediya ke saath kaam karane ke saath-saath British baanglaadeshee samudaay mein mahilaon ke adhikaaron ke aayojanon, chaimpiyan kalaon aur maanavaadhikaaron kee sah-mejabaanee aur bolane se lekar poore samudaay mein kaam kiya hae. unhonne naagarik samaaj ko sangathit kiya hae aur kaee raashtreey aur antarraashtreey abhiyaanon ka netrtv kiya hae. isake alaava, begam ne vibhinn think taink, enajeeo/aaeeenajeeo se paraamarsh kiya hae ki kaise kamajor samudaayon kee behatar seva kee jae aur saath hee neeti parivartan anusandhaan pariyojanaon par unakee sahaayata kee peshakash kee. vah ek painal visheshagy hain, aur unhonne ghareloo aur antararaashtreey star par maanavaadhikaaron par vyaakhyaan diya hae (barkale kailiforniya, elesee, kolambiya vishvavidyaalay, enavaeeyoo, dhaaka vishvavidyaalay, maleshiya vishvavidyaalay kaee any). mabaroor ahamad ke saath restales beings ka netrtv karane vaale unake kaam aur barma mein satae gae rohingya samudaay ke samarthan ke saath-saath kirgistaan mein mahilaon ke adhikaaron ko antarraashtreey meediya aur vishv raay kee vishesh prashansa aur dhyaan mila. maee 2014 mein, beebeesee eshiyan netavark par naadiya alee dvaara rohingya pravaasee sankat ke baare mein begam ka saakshaatkaar liya gaya tha.

## Sandarbh
Medea Benjamin

**Medea Benjamin** (janm susaan benjaamin; 10 sitambar, 1952) ek amerikee raajaneetik kaaryakarta hain, jo jodee ivaans aur any ke saath kod pink ke sah-sansthaapak the. ektivist aur lekhak kevin dainaher ke saath, unhonne pheyar tred edavokesee grup global eksachenj banaaya. benjaamin 2000 mein sanyukt raajy amerika kee seenet ke lie kailiphorniya mein green paartee ke ummeedavaar the, jinhonne kisee bhee green paartee yoo.es. seenet ummeedavaar ka sabase adhik kachcha vot praapt kiya. unhonne opaidnaiws aur da hafingatan post mein yogadaan diya hai. Medea Benjamin ka janm 10 sitambar 1952 ko hua tha aur ve long aaeelaind ke phreeport, nyooyork mein palee-badhee theen, jo ek sv-varnit "achchhee yahoodee ladakee" thee. Taphts vishvavidyaalay mein apane pahale varsh ke dauraan, unhonne greek pauraanik charitr mediya ke naam par apana naam badal liya aur stoodents phor e demokretik sosaitee mein shaamil ho gaeen. phir usane skool chhod diya aur paise kamaane ke lie angrejee kakshaon ko padhaate hue, yoorop aur aphreeka ke maadhyam se sahayaatree ban gaee. baad mein vah sanyukt raajy amerika laut aaee aur kolambiya vishvavidyaalay se saarvajanik svaasthy mein aur da nyoo skool se arthashaastr mein maastar digree praapt kee. benjaamin ne sanyukt raashtr khaady aur krshi sangathan, vishv svaasthy sangathan, sveedish antarraashtreey vikaas ejensee, aur khaady aur vikaas neeti sansthaan ke lie laitin amerika aur aphreeka mein ek arthashaastree aur poshan visheshagy ke roop mein das varshon tak kaam kiya. [prashasti patr kee jaroorat] 1988 mein, apane pati, kevin dainaher aur karstan molar ke saath, benjaamin ne sain phraansisko sthit global eksachenj kee sah-sthaapana kee, jo korporet vaishveekaran ke roop mein varnit nishpaksh vyaapaar vikalpon kee vakaalat karata hai. 2002 mein, jodee ivaans aur any logon ke saath, unhonne naareevaadee yuddh-virodhee samooh kod pink: veemen phor pees kee sah-sthaapana kee, jisane iraak yuddh ko samaapt karane, bhavishy ke yuddhon kee rokathaam aur saamaajik nyaay kee vakaalat kee. benjaamin yuddh-virodhee sangathan yoonaited phor pees end jastis se jude rahe hain. baad mein usane sanyukt raajy amerika kee sena aur naagarik aabaadee par yuddh ke prabhaav kee nigaraanee ke lie bagadaad (aaeeodablyoosee) mein okyoopeshan voch sentar banaaya. is kendr ke maadhyam se, vah amerikee sainy parivaar ke sadasyon ko un paristhitiyon ko dekhane ke lie le aaee, jinake tahat soocheebaddh karmiyon ne seva kee, aur yuddh ke khilaaph, kaangres aur sanyukt raashtr mein, 2003 mein baat kee.

## Sandarbh
Mary Montgomerie Bennett

**Mary Montgomerie Bennett** (1881-1961) svadeshee nyaay ke lie ek Australian kaaryakarta theen, ek shikshak aur ostreliyaee aadivaasee adhikaaron ke lie ek aise samay mein adhivakta theen jab yah basane vaale ostreliyaee logon ke beech saamaany nahin tha. Mary Montgomerie Bennett ka bachapan inglaind aur ostreliya donon mein beeta, jahaan unake pita robart kristisan ka uttaree kveensalaind mein ek steshan tha. 1910 tak, parivaar bech diya gaya tha aur sthaayee roop se inglaind mein sthaanaantarit ho gaya tha. benet ne 1914 mein chaarls dagalas benet se shaadee kee. 1927 mein, unhonne apane pita kee jeevanee kristisan of laimaramoor prakaashit kee, jo us samay aadivaasiyon ke prati aabaadiyon kee hinsa kee sveekrti ke lie tulanaatmak roop se asaamaany thee. London mein rahate hue unhonne da ostreliyan eborijinal aiz e hyooman beeing (1930) bhee prakaashit kiya. 1930 mein, apane pati kee mrtyu ke baad, benet ne apana shesh jeevan aadivaasee kalyaan ke lie samarpit karane ke lie parth, pashchimee ostreliya mein sthaanaantarit kar diya. 1932 mein, benet levartan ke paas maunt maargaret mishan mein bas gae. aadivaasee bachchon kee shikshika ke roop mein kaam karate hue, vah mahila seva gild sahit sakriy samoohon mein bhee sakriy roop se shaamil theen. unake kaam ke kaaran 1934 mein mosale royal kameeshan ka gathan hua. Aayog ke samaksh apanee gavaahee ke dauraan, benet ne aadivaasee mahilaon ke kathit vyaapak yaun shoshan ke saath-saath adhikaariyon dvaara unake bachchon ko jabaran hataane kee ninda kee.

## Sandarbh
Rachel Bentley

**Rachel Bentley** chichestar sthit chairitee, childran on da ej kee antarraashtreey nideshak hain, jisaka netrtv unhonne teen dashakon se kiya hai. bentale ne 1990 mein hue romaaniyaee anaathaalay sankat ke javaab mein dem aneeta rodik (da bodee shop ke sansthaapak) ke saath childran on da ej kee sah-sthaapana kee. Usane tab se poorvee timor, barma, Baanglaadesh, aur bosniya sahit deshon mein kaam karane ke lie sangathan ka vistaar kiya hai. Rachel Bentley bachchon ke adhikaaron ke kshetr mein yooniseph sahit ejensiyon ke lie saamayik paraamarsh kaary bhee karata hai. Rachel Bentley ka janm inglaind ke barmingham mein hua tha aur unhonne apana adhikaansh bachapan phijee mein bitaaya, jahaan unake pita ne ek antararaashtreey vikaas ejensee ke lie ek injeeniyar ke roop mein kaam kiya. usane ek antararaashtreey skool mein padhaee kee. jab ve gyaarah varsh kee theen, tab unaka parivaar briten laut aaya. bentale ne vikaas prabandhan mein emesasee aur bachchon ke adhikaaron mein unnat adhyayan mein paraasnaatak (emaseeaar) kiya hai. 1990 mein, romaaniyaee anaathaalayon mein bhayaavah paristhitiyon ko dekhane ke baad, dem aneeta rodik ne in bachchon kee madad ke lie apanee kampanee, da bodee shop intaraneshanal ko jutaaya. praarambh mein, isamen bentale jaise svayansevakon ko shaamil kiya gaya tha aur romaaniya ke iyaasee kauntee ke chhote se gaanv holausestee mein teen anaathaalayon mein jaane aur madad karane ke lie. bentale romaaniya ke svayansevakon ke pahale kaaphile mein the. yah anubhav childran on da ej kee shuruaat ka prateek hai. 1992 tak teem ne sansthaagat bachchon ke saath kaam karane, unhen samaaj mein vaapas ekeekrt karane ke lie ek kaaryakram sthaapit karane mein kaaphee visheshagyata vikasit kee thee. isane sangathan ko, nimantran par, albaaniya mein apane kaam ka vistaar karane ke lie prerit kiya. 1994 tak kaam bosniya mein phail gaya. yah spasht tha ki sangathan mukhy roop se kamajor bachchon ke saath kaam kar raha tha, vishesh roop se unake maata-pita kee dekhabhaal ke bina. us samay rechel bentale ne childran on da ej kee sah-sthaapana kee thee.

## Sandarbh
Joan Bicknell

**Joan Bicknell** (10 April 1939 - 12 June 2017) Britain ke pahalee mahila manorog prophesar theen. unhonne landan vishvavidyaalay ke sent jorj mein kaam kiya aur seekhane kee akshamata ke kshetr mein agranee bhoomika nibhaee. usane manashchikitseey aspataalon mein kroorata ka saamana kiya aur vah bauddhik vikalaang, alokapriy aur chikitsa pratishthaan dvaara kabhee sveekaar nahin kie gae sansthaagat logon ke maanavaadhikaar adhivakta the. usane bahu-vishayak aspataal prabandhan aur samudaay-aadhaarit dekhabhaal kee shuruaat kee. jon bikanel ka janm briten ke vest landan ke aailavarth mein ek majadoor varg ke parivaar mein hua tha. usake pita albart ne ek eent banaane vaale ke roop mein kaam kiya, baad mein royal injeeniyars ke saath bam nipataan mein. unakee maan, dorothee (nee smith), ek sachiv theen. usaka ek bada bhaee, edavard tha, jo svaazeelaind mein ek shikshak ke roop mein mar gaya. usake do sautele bhaee bhee the jo bauddhik roop se vikalaang the. bikanel ne tvikenahaim kauntee skool phor garls mein bhaag liya aur 1962 mein barmingham vishvavidyaalay mein chikitsa ka adhyayan kiya. Snaatak star kee padhaee ke baad unhonne methodist mishanaree ke roop mein naijeeriya ke oyo mein ilesha vesle gild aspataal mein bachchon ke saath kaam kiya. jab 1967 mein naijeeriyaee grhayuddh shuroo hua, to vah phlaing doktar seva ke saath kaam karane ke lie siera liyon chalee gaeen. vah sare mein bachchon kee deerghakaalik dekhabhaal ke lie ek aspataal, kaarashaaltan mein kveen mairee aspataal mein manochikitsa ka adhyayan karane ke lie yooke laut aaee. 1969 mein, unhonne manovaigyaanik chikitsa mein diploma praapt kiya, aur 1971 mein unhonne sansthaagat bachchon mein seesa vishaaktata ke kaaranon aur prasaar par ek theesis pooree kee. vah sare ke chertse mein botaleez paark aspataal mein salaahakaar manochikitsak ban gaeen. 1978 mein, unhen normansafeeld aspataal mein manorog dekhabhaal ke aadhunikeekaran ke lie ek taask phors mein niyukt kiya gaya tha. unhonne ek chikitsa adheekshak ke roop mein us samay prathaagat hone ke bajaay ek bahu-vishayak teem ke maadhyam se ek aspataal ka prabandhan shuroo kiya. Antatah bikanel ko landan vishvavidyaalay ke sent jorj mein prophesar kee upaadhi se sammaanit kiya gaya aur vah briten kee manochikitsa mein pahalee mahila prophesar baneen. apane udghaatan vyaakhyaan mein 19 navambar 1980 ko "vikalaangata ka manovikrti" kaha jaata hai, unhonne bauddhik akshamata ke nidaan ke lie parivaar kee pratikriya ke saath shok kee prakriya mein du: kh ke charanon ke ek saadrshy ko chitrit kiy.

## Sandarbh
Lisa Bellear

**Lisa Bellear** (2 maee 1961 melabarn, viktoriya mein - 5 julaee 2006 melabarn mein) ek svadeshee Australian kavi, photograaphar, kaaryakarta, pravakta, naatakakaar, haasy abhineta aur prasaarak theen. vah minjeriba (straidabrok dveep), kveensalaind ke noonukkal logon kee ek gornapil mahila theen. unake chaacha bob beliyar, ostreliya ke pahale svadeshee nyaayaadheesh aur sol beliyar the jinhonne 1972 mein redafarn mein aadivaasee aavaas nigam ko sthaapit karane mein madad kee. beliyar ko ek shvet parivaar mein ek bachche ke roop mein apanaaya gaya tha aur kaha gaya tha ki usake paas polineshiyan viraasat hae. ek vayask ke roop mein usane apanee aadivaasee jadon kee khoj kee. melabarn mein beliyar kee apratyaashit roop se unake ghar par mrtyu ho gaee. vah 45 saal kee theen. use mullumbimbee kabristaan mein daphanaaya gaya tha. Lisa Bellear ne dreeming in arban eriyaaz (yookyoopee, 1996) likhee, jo kavita kee ek kitaab hai jo samakaaleen samaaj mein aadivaasee logon ke anubhav kee padataal karatee hae. unhonne robarta saiks ke saath ek saakshaatkaar mein kaha ki unakee "kavita shvet samaaj ko neecha dikhaane ke baare mein nahin thee. yah aatm-khoj ke baare mein hai." Any kavitaen patrikaon aur samaachaar patron mein prakaashit hueen. melabarn ke ek upanagar, da dartee mail: e histree oph indijinas phitzaroy ke naatak ke saath saahity mein utkrsht yogadaan dene ke lie unhen 2006 mein dedalee avaards puraskaar se sammaanit kiya gaya tha. beliyar ek vipul photograaphar the. unake kaam ko unake sahasraabdee samaaroh ke hisse ke roop mein 2004 ethens olampik khelon aur melabarn sangrahaalay mein pradarshit kiya gaya tha. beliyar melabarn mein saamudaayik rediyo steshan 3chr mein ek prasaarak theen, jahaan unhonne 20 se adhik varshon tak not adar kooree sho sho prastut kiya. vah 2003 kee viktoriyan stolan jenareshan taaskaphors kee sadasy theen, is neeti ke tahat khud ko unake maata-pita se hata diya gaya tha. vah ilabijeree eborijinal end tores stret aailaindar thietar ko-op kee sansthaapak sadasy bhee theen, jo ostreliya mein sabase lambe samay tak chalane vaalee eborijinal thietar mandalee thee. ilbijeree ne maarch 2006 mein melabarn ke phitzaroy kee sadakon ke maadhyam se ek naatakeey paidal maarg ke roop mein da dartee mail ka nirmaan kiya.

## Sandarbh
Bai Bibyaon Ligkayan Bigkay

**Bai Bibyaon Ligkayan Bigkay** (maut: 2023)ek lumaad neta aur paryaavaranavid hain. vah manobo logon ke itihaas mein pahalee aur ekamaatr mahila saradaar hain, aur unhen "lumaads kee maan" ke roop mein varnit kiya gaya hae. vah svadeshee logon ke adhikaaron kee himaayatee hain aur 1994 se maanobo paitrk bhoomi aur paintaaron parvat shrrnkhala kee rakshak rahee hain. Adhikaansh lumaad bujurg apane janm kee sahee taareekh nahin jaanate hain, lekin 2019 talak bigake kee umr lagabhag 80 varsh hone ka anumaan hae. Paintaaron parvat shrrnkhala phileepeens mein sabase bade shesh kunvaaree jangalon mein se ek hae, aur loging kaaryon ke lie ek lakshy raha hae. Renj mindaanao mein pramukh nadiyon ko bhee paanee kee aapoorti karatee hae, jisamen mindaanao nadee, pulangee nadee, daavo nadee, taigoliyan nadee aur agusan nadee kee pramukh sahaayak nadiyaan shaamil hain. 1994 mein, talingod daavo del nort ke aadivaasee neta daatu guibaang apoga dvaara maange jaane par, unhonne loging kampanee alakaantaara end sans dvaara ghusapaith ke khilaaph manobo ka netrtv kiya. Vah un netaon mein se theen, jinhonne un loging opareshanon ka virodh kiya tha, jo talingod, daavo del nort mein manobo paitrk bhoomi ko nasht kar dete the. usake baad ke dashakon mein unhonne pentaaron renj ke svadeshee samudaayon ko shoshan aur sainyeekaran ke khilaaph bachaav mein any detas ke saath jaaree rakha hae. Phileepeen sainy aur ardhasainik samooh alamaara dvaara talingod aur bukidan mein manobo samudaayon par hamala karane ke baad, bigake ne apane logon ka netrtv kiya, kyonki unhonne jaateeyata ka saamana kiya, daavo shahar mein yooseeseepee haaraan ke lie apanee 2014 kee udaan ke dauraan. usane any virodhon ko bhee prerit kiya, jaise ki manilakabaayan enajee mindaanao virodh shivir aur kaaravaan, aur moro aur phileepeens ke svadeshee logon ka raashtreey gathabandhan saindugo. ("saindugo" ek visaayan shabd hae jisaka arth hae "ek rakt".) Usane any mahila svadeshee netaon ko bhee sangathit kiya, jisase mo lumad kamalitaanan (lumaad mahila parisangh) ko sabokaahan banaaya gaya, aur saalugapungan ta tanu igkaanugon larning ka vistaar karane mein madad kee. kendr, jo ab svadeshee bachchon ke lie 50 skool chalaata hae.

## References
Anat Biletzki

# Numbered list item
**Anat Biletzki** (janam 1952) Tel Aviv vishvavidyaalay aur haimaden, seetee mein kvinipiyaak vishvavidyaalay mein darshanashaastr ke prophesar hain. Anat Biletzki ka janm Jerusalem mein hua tha. vah 2001 se 2006 talak cheyaraparsan ke roop mein kaary karane vaale ek ijaraayalee maanavaadhikaar enajeeo, btsailaim kee sadasy theen, aur 1995 se btsailaim bord ke sadasy ke roop mein kaary kar rahee hain. bilaitzki ffipp-i (ijaraayal-philisteenee shaanti antarraashtreey ke lie sankaay) ke kaaryakaaree bord ka sadasy hae, jo khud ko "philisteenee, ijaraayal aur antarraashtreey sankaay, aur chhaatron ke ek netavark ke roop mein varnit karata hai, jo pooree tarah se ekajutata mein kaam kar raha hai. kabje ka ant aur sirph shaanti." Anat Biletzki "yahoodee izarail" kee spasht aur vivaadaaspad aalochana mein asaamaany hae kyonki izarail se ek raashtr ya izarail ke bheetar raajaneetik nikaay ke roop mein alag hae. nyooyork taims ke ek opiniyan pees mein vah likhatee hain ki " apane yahoodee, raashtravaadee ejende mein spasht hai," aur yah ki "vishesh yahoodee adhikaaron aur arab naagarikon ke bahishkaar ke maanadand" zaayoneevaad mein nihit hain. saath hee, biletzakee ne sujhaav diya ki chunaav se pahale ke dinon mein pradhaan mantree benjaamin netanyaahoo dvaara die gae vivaadaaspad bayaan, vishesh roop se yah daava ki unake kaaryakaal ke dauraan do-raajy samaadhaan kabhee nahin hoga, aur chinta kee abhivyakti hae ki maana jaata hae ki badee maatra mein ijaraayalee Arab the matadaan, "zaayonee, yahoodee izarail" ke nihit maanadandon ka pratinidhitv karate hain.

## References
Daisy Bindi

**Daisy Bindi** (1904-1962), jise mumaring ke naam se bhee jaana jaata hai, ek aadivaasee ostreliyaee svadeshee adhikaar kaaryakarta aur pashchimee ostreliya mein 1946 ke aitihaasik pilabaara hadataal mein ek neta theen. bindee ka janm 1904 ke aasapaas pashchimee ostreliya mein gibsan registaan ke kinaare, vartamaan jigalong ke paas ek maveshee-steshan par maata-pita jimee aur millee ke ghar hua tha. Uska aadivaasee naam mumaring tha. Usane apane pati se shaadee ke baad bindee naam haasil kiya, haalaanki unake milan ka koee any rikord nahin mila hae. ek bachche ke roop mein unhonne ethel kreek steshan par kaam kiya, jahaan unhonne ghar ka kaam seekha aur ghodon ka prabandhan kiya, aur ek kushal ghudasavaar ban gaeen. pilabaara hadataal ostreliya kee sabase lambee hadataalon mein se ek thee, aur isane pashchimee ostreliya raajy mein shramik sambandhon kee sanrachana ko badal diya. Daisy Bindi ne aadivaasee shramikon ko uchit vetan aur behatar kaam karane kee sthiti dilaane mein madad kee. 1946 mein kam vetan aur rahane kee sthiti ke virodh mein, sanghavaadee aur aadivaasiyon ke lie nirvaachit pravakta; don maikaliyod aur aadivaasee kaanoonavid doole bin bin aur klainsee maikakena ne behatar paristhitiyon ke lie pilabaara mein bhed aur maveshee steshanon par kaam karane vaale aadivaasiyon ko hadataal karane ke lie protsaahit kiya. Daisy Bindi maikaliyod ke sabase pramukh samarthakon mein se thee, aur unhonne roy hil steshan se vok-oph mein 96 logon ka netrtv kiya. vah dehaatee steshanon par nyaangumarda logon ke saath rahatee thee aur kaam karatee thee, jahaan unhonne aadivaasee shiviron par niyamit pulis chhaape mein pulis se aakrosh dekha aur anubhav kiya. us samay aadivaasee shramikon ke lie keval bhojan aur kapadon ke raashan mein bhugataan kiya jaana aam baat thee. Daisy Bindi ne apane saphed steshan ke maalik se majadooree kee maang kee, jo use milata tha aur vah ek trak kirae par letee thee aur shramikon ko ikattha karatee thee. usane pulis aur mool nivaasee kalyaan vibhaag dvaara kshetr se hataane kee dhamakiyon ke baavajood apane aas-paas ke steshanon par hadataal ka aayojan kiya, aur usake prayaason ne pilabaara steshanon ko aage antardesheey phailaane mein mahatvapoorn bhoomika nibhaee. nullaginai mein, jab pulis dvaara saamana kiya gaya, to bindee ne apane raaste se baat kee aur daava kiya ki usane maikaliyod ke baare mein kabhee nahin suna tha, aur 86 any logon ke saath sho nadee par kaining kaimp ke lie apana raasta banaaya. hadataal ka ek parinaam ek svatantr aadivaasee sahakaaree sangathan kee sthaapana thee, jisaka bindee ek sakriy sadasy tha, jo 1950 ke dashak mein khanan upakramon mein laga hua tha.

## Sandarbh
Zura Bitiyeva

**Zura Bitiyeva** (1948 - 21 maee, 2003) ek sthaaneey roop se prasiddh chechan maanavaadhikaar kaaryakarta thee, jise 2003 mein roosee sarakaar kee maut ke daste ke roop mein maana jaata hai, jise asaadhaaran roop se nishpaadit kiya gaya tha. pahale kee avaidh hiraasat ke dauraan yooropiyan kort oph hyooman raits mein durvyavahaar kee shikaayat kee. usee hamale mein usake parivaar ke teen any sadasy bhee maare gae. bitiyeva ek akela maamala nahin tha, aur chechanya mein kaee log jinhonne eeseeechaar ko gambheer maanavaadhikaaron ke ullanghan ke maamale saumpe hain, unhen bhee maare jaane ya jabaran gaayab karane sahit pratishodh ke adheen kiya gaya hai. Zura Bitiyeva ka janm 1948 mein poore chechan raashtr ke jabaran nirvaasan ke dauraan kajaakistaan mein hua tha. baad mein vah kalinovskaaya (kaalinovskaaya) gaanv mein basane ke baad chechanya laut aaee. pratham chechan yuddh ke dauraan, vah yuddh-virodhee virodh pradarshanon mein sakriy roop se shaamil thee. pharavaree 2000 mein, doosare chechan yuddh ke dauraan, use aur usake bete idarees ko roosee sena dvaara manamaane dhang se hiraasat mein liya gaya tha aur unhen chernokozovo ke naam se jaana jaane vaala anaupachaarik nirodh kendr le jaaya gaya, jo yaatana, balaatkaar aur any durvyavahaaron ke lie kukhyaat "nispandan shivir" tha. jab vah chernokozovo pahunchee, to gaardon ne usase kaha ki vah "kabhee zinda nahin chhodegee." bitiyeva, jinhonne any kaidiyon kee raksha karane kee koshish kee, bhookh hadataal par chale gae aur unhen bahut beemaar sthiti mein riha kar diya gaya. usake doston ne use turkee jaane mein madad kee, lekin ek baar jab usaka svaasthy thoda behatar ho gaya, to vah chechanya vaapas chalee gaee aur ganatantr kee naagarik aabaadee ke khilaaph kie gae aparaadhon ke saboot ekatr karana shuroo kar diya, ise sanyukt raashtr aur antarraashtreey maanavaadhikaar sangathanon ko saump diya. pharavaree 2003 mein, bitiyeva un mahilaon ke samooh ka hissa theen, jinhonne kapustino kee bastee ke paas khojee gaee ek saamoohik kabr sthal ko kholane kee maang kee thee. unhonne roosee enajeeo kametee oph soljars madars ke saath bhee kaam kiya.

## Sandarbh
Cindy Blackstock

**Cindy Blackstock** Canada ke baal kalyaan ke lie ek kainediyan gitxsan kaaryakarta aur kanaada kee pharst neshans chaild end phaimilee keyaring sosaitee ke kaaryakaaree nideshak hain. vah maikagil vishvavidyaalay mein skool oph soshal vark kee prophesar bhee hain. blaikastok ka janm 1964 mein British kolambiya ke barns lek mein hua tha. usake paas kala snaatak (yoobeesee), do maastar digree (maikagil vishvavidyaalay se prabandhan; loyola vishvavidyaalay shikaago se baal kaanoon aur neeti mein nyaayashaastr) aur saamaajik kaary (toranto vishvavidyaalay) mein peeechadee hae. da glob end mel mein 2016 ke ek lekh mein, unhen "pratham raashtr samaanata ke lie kanaada kee athak naitik aavaaj ke roop mein varnit kiya gaya tha." blaikastok svadeshee, saamaajik kaary aur baal adhikaar samudaayon ke bheetar ek prabhaavashaalee aavaaj ban gaya hae. blaikastok ne pratham raashtr ke bachchon, yuvaon aur parivaaron dvaara anubhav kee jaane vaalee saarvajanik sevaon mein pranaaleegat asamaanataon ke baare mein baat kee hae. 2007 mein pharst neshans kee asembalee aur usake niyokta, kanaada kee pharst neshans chaild end phaimilee keyaring sosaitee ne kanaada ke maanavaadhikaar adhiniyam ke anusaar ek shikaayat darj kee, jisamen aarop lagaaya gaya ki kanaada lagaataar kam-vitt poshit baal kalyaan dvaara pratham raashtr ke bachchon ke saath bhedabhaav karata hae. bhandaar. javaab mein aadivaasee maamalon ke vibhaag ne blaikastok ko "pratham raashtr ke bachchon kee dekhabhaal" ke lie nigaraanee mein rakha. apanee maanavaadhikaar shikaayat mein kanaada kee pharst neshans chaild end phaimilee keyaring sosaitee aur pharst neshans kee asembalee ne asamaanata aur bachchon par prabhaav ka dastaavejeekaran karane vaalee riporton ka havaala diya, jisamen kanaada ke mahaalekha pareekshak aur saarvajanik khaaton kee sthaayee samiti dvaara unake bhedabhaav ka samarthan karane ke lie jaaree riport shaamil hain.

## Sandarbh
Nazanin Boniadi

**Nazanin Boniadi** (/ ˈnɑːzəniːn boʊnjɑːdi/; janm 22 maee 1980) ek british abhinetree aur kaaryakarta hain jinaka janm eeraan mein hua aur landan mein palee-badhee, vah sanyukt raajy amerika mein vishvavidyaalay gaeen, jahaan unhonne medikal draama janaral hospital (2007-2009) mein leyala meer ke roop mein apanee pahalee pramukh abhinay bhoomika nibhaee. aur isaka spin-oph janaral hospital: nait shipht (2007). tab se, vah seebeees sitakom hau aaee met yor madar (2011) mein nora kee bhoomika nibhaane ke lie jaanee jaatee hain, shotaim spaee thrilar seereez homalaind (2013-2014) mein phaara sheraazee, aitihaasik draama philm ben-har (2016) mein ester kee bhoomika nibhaane ke lie jaanee jaatee hain. , starz vigyaan-phaee thrilar shrrnkhala kauntarapaart (2017-2018) mein kleyar kvele, aur ekshan thrilar philm hotal mumbee (2018) mein zahara kaashaanee. boniyaadee 2009 se 2015 tak emanestee intaraneshanal ke pravakta the aur aktoobar 2015 se pharavaree 2021 tak eeraan mein sentar phor hyooman raits ke lie bord ke sadasy ke roop mein kaary kiya. boniyaadee ka janm eeraan ke teharaan mein eeraanee kraanti ke baad hua tha. usake janm ke ek maheene se bhee kam samay ke baad, usane aur usake maata-pita ne eeraan chhod diya aur landan mein raajaneetik sharanaarthee banane ke lie aavedan kiya, jahaan unaka paalan-poshan hua. usane ek yuva ladakee ke roop mein vaayalin aur baile ka pradarshan kiya. unhonne haimpasted mein ek svatantr skool mein padhaee kee aur kailiphorniya vishvavidyaalay, iravin se jaivik vigyaan mein sammaan ke saath snaatak kee digree haasil kee. yooseeaee mein, unhonne kainsar upachaar aur hrday pratyaaropan asveekrti se jude aanavik anusandhaan ke lie chaang pin-chun andaragrejuet risarch avaard jeeta. vah yooseeaee ke andaragrejuet medikal akhabaar medataims kee asistent editar-in-cheeph bhee theen. 2009 mein, unhonne landan mein royal ekedamee oph draametik aart mein samakaaleen naatak ka adhyayan kiya. boniyaadee ne vigyaan se apana kariyar path badal diya aur 2006 mein abhinay karana shuroo kar diya. unakee pahalee pramukh abhinay bhoomika din ke naatak mein leyala meer ke roop mein thee janaral hospital aur isakee soapnait spin-oph seereez janaral hospital: nait shipht, jisase vah khelane vaalee pahalee anubandh abhineta ban gaeen. amerikee din ke samay ke teleevijan itihaas mein ek madhy poorvee charitr. vah eeraan mein paida huee pahalee abhinetree bhee hain jo kisee amerikee sop opera mein anubandh par hain. 2008 mein saamaany aspataal mein unakee bhoomika ke lie unhen ek de taim draama seereez mein utkrsht abhinetree ke lie naachp imej avaard ke lie naamaankit kiya gaya tha.

## Sandarbh
Heather Bonner

**Heather Bonner** (1923-2004) ek Australian svadeshee adhikaar kaaryakarta the, jo pahale Australian svadeshee seenetar, nevil bonar kee patnee theen. heethar re trotar (baad mein bonar) ka janm 3 sitambar 1923 ko ipsavich, Queensland mein hua tha, jo richard trotar aur unakee patnee lusinda kee betee thee. Unake daada hyoog sinkleyar kveensalaind ke raajaneta aur booval mein kveensalaind phaarmars kooparetiv esosieshan phaiktree ke prabandhak the. usane silkaston stet skool aur ipsavich garls graamar skool mein padhaee kee. Unhonne apanee skoolee shiksha pooree karane ke baad roma street, brisben mein brisben maarkets mein ek buk keepar ke roop mein kaam kiya aur ipsavich skauting aandolan mein sakriy theen. yuddh seva aur yuddh dulhan 1942 mein, heethar trotar Australia mahila sena seva (awas) mein shaamil hueen. unhonne sena ke viktoriya bairak mein janaral dyoorent ke gopaneey sachiv ke roop mein kaary kiya. unhonne 1944 mein yooesen petee ophisar robart hairisan se shaadee kee aur ek yuddh dulhan ke roop mein kailiphorniya chalee gaeen jahaan unakee betee ka janm hua. parivaar phlorida mein nausena ke thikaanon mein chala gaya jahaan ek kaar durghatana ke baad usake pati kee mrtyu ho gaee. usane kuchh saal baad ek aur nausena adhikaaree devid rayaan se shaadee kee aur unake do bachche paida hue. pati-patnee ke durvyavahaar se peedit hone ke baad, heedar ne apane pati ko talaak de diya aur usane aur usake bachchon ne phlorida chhod diya aur ve 1957 mein apane pita ke saath rahane ke lie ostreliya laut aae. vaashingatan raajy mein rahane ke dauraan unakee ek dampatti ke saath ghanishth mitrata ho gaee thee, jo pharst neshan amerikan the. heethar dakshin poorv kveensalaind samudaay ke hisse ke roop mein do sangathanon ke saath shaamil ho gaya. vah krishchiyan entee-kamyunist kroosed aur van peepal of ostreliya leeg mein shaamil ho gaeen, ek sangathan jo svadeshee aur gair-svadeshee ostreliyaee logon ko svadeshee muddon ke kalyaan aur raajaneetik samaadhaan kee disha mein unake prayaason mein protsaahit karane ke lie banaaya gaya tha. heedar ipsavich mein ek sakriy sadasy thee, aur usane murree aur sangathan ke gair-muree sadasyon ke lie apana ghar khola, saath hee saath paraamarsh aur sahaayata bhee pradaan kee. nevil bonar 1968 se 1975 tak opal ke adhyaksh the, aur heedar ne apane saajha leeg kaary mein nevil aur unakee patnee mona bonar ke saath milaaya. 1969 mein mona bonar kee mrtyu ke baad, heethar aur nevil bonar ne ghanishth mitrata vikasit kee aur unhonne 1972 mein shaadee kar lee. vah niyukt hone vaale pahale svadeshee ostreliyaee vyakti the aur phir 1971 mein ostreliyaee seenet ke lie chune gae. ve ipsavich mein rahana jaaree rakha aur apane beton aur sautelee betiyon ke saath-saath apane teen bachchon kee paravarish karen. ve libaral paartee kee raajaneeti mein bhee sakriy the.

## Sandarbh
Ruth Booker-Bryant

**Ruth Booker-Bryant** (1923-2013) ek saamaajik aur maanavaadhikaar kaaryakarta theen. Ruth Booker-Bryant ka janm 1923 mein mishigan ke detraayat mein hua tha aur 2013 mein marane se pahale vah kentakee mein rahatee theen. vah apanee sakriyata aur naagarik adhikaaron, uchit aavaas aur luisavile mein behatar aavaas sthitiyon kee ladaee ke lie jaanee jaatee theen. Ruth Booker-Bryant ne apane jeevan mein kaee puraskaar praapt kie, jisamen 2011 mein kaarl aur ainee braiden laiphataim acheevament avaard shaamil the aur unhen kentakee sivil raits hol of fem mein bhee shaamil kiya gaya tha. bukar-braayant soka gakkee intaraneshanal ke bauddh sadasy bhee the. unaka vivaah luisavile naagarik adhikaar kaaryakarta, rosko see. braayant jooniyar se hua tha, jo luisavile aur jepharasan kauntee bord oph helth mein lade aur pahale aphreekee-amerikee chikitsak bane. bukar-braayant ka janm 1923 mein mishigan ke detraayat ke viliyam aur phainee bukar ke ghar hua tha. unaka paalan-poshan hua aur unhonne luisavile, kentakee ke pashchimee chhor mein apana jeevan bitaaya, jo shahar mein mukhy roop se kaale aur kam aay vaala pados hai. is paravarish ne unhen dikhaaya ki kaise aphreekee-amerikee avasaad aur naagarik adhikaar aandolan ke dauraan rahate the. isase unamen apane logon aur samudaay ke lie ek behatar kal kee chaahat paida huee. samaanata ke lie is junoon ke saath unhonne kentakee mein aphreekee amerikiyon ke lie behatar bhavishy ke lie kaam karane ke lie kaee alag-alag kaaranon mein bhaag liya aur vishesh roop se luisavile, unake grh shahar mein. naagarik adhikaar kaary rooth bukar-braayant ne saamaajik aur maanav adhikaaron ke lie ladane vaale kaaranon ke lie kada sangharsh kiya. ek naagarik adhikaar kaaryakarta ke roop mein apane poore kariyar ke dauraan vah kentakee aphreekee amerikiyon ke lie behatar aavaas ke lie ladane vaale kaee sangathanon aur pradarshanon ka hissa theen. unakee pahalee pramukh bhoomika 1964-66 tak vest end kamyunitee kaunsil ke lie vista samanvayak kee thee. vest end kamyunitee kaunsil 1940 ke dashak ke madhy se 1970 ke dashak tak sakriy ek maanavaadhikaar samooh tha jo luisavile ke pashchimee chhor mein samaan aavaas ke lie ladata tha, is parishad kee mahilaon ko luisavile mein shvet nivaasiyon se daraane vaalee rananeeti ka saamana karana pada, jinhonne isaka virodh kiya ki parishad kya lad rahee thee lie. is prayaas ke baad, vah soshal ekshan ke lie mahila yoonaited kee adhyaksh banane aur usakee madad karane ke lie aage badheen. isake alaava 1968 mein, unhonne kentakee raajy mein kaarravaee karane ke lie aphreekee amerikiyon ko sashakt banaane mein madad karane ke lie kentakee mein blaik yoonitee leeg kee sthaapana kee. us samay ke any naagarik adhikaar netaon kee madad se luisavile antatah alag ho gaya. rooth bukar-braayant jaise utprerakon ke bina is kaaran ke lie apana poora jeevan samarpit kar diya, ladaee mein adhik samay lag sakata tha ya nahin.

## Sandarbh
Anna Bossman

**Anna Bossman** (janam 1 December 1957) ek Ghanaian ke maanavaadhikaar adhivakta hain. vah poorv mein afreekee vikaas baink (eephadeebee) ke satyanishtha aur bhrashtaachaar virodhee vibhaag kee nideshak theen. 2017 mein unhen phraans mein ghaana kee raajadoot niyukt kiya gaya tha. kumaasee, ghaana mein janme, do jonaathan imainuel bosamain, sanyukt raashtr mein jineva mein poorv pratinidhi, aur ailis dekar, anna bosamain ne kep kost mein holee chaild skool mein padhaee kee, apanee haee-skool shiksha ke lie achimota skool mein gae. unhonne ghaana vishvavidyaalay, legon se kaanoon aur raajaneeti vigyaan kee digree ke saath snaatak kee upaadhi praapt kee aur 1980 mein ghaana skool oph lo se, us varsh ghaana baar mein bulaaya gaya. ghaana ke nyaay mantraalay mein sahaayak raajy atornee ke roop mein seva karane ke baad, bosamain nijee praiktis mein chale gae, aur baad ke 25 varshon mein gaibon mein tel aur gais udyog aur oorja kshetr mein apana kariyar banaaya, jisamen teneko sahit pramukh antararaashtreey kampaniyon ke saath kaam kiya gaya. jahaan vah gaiboneej yooniyan oph petroliyam kampaniyon kee pahalee mahila mahaasachiv theen), kaango, kote dee aaivar, angola, saath hee ghaana mein, jahaan 1996 mein unhonne bijalee upayogitaon aur oorja kshetron ko sahaayata pradaan karane ke lie bosamain kansaltensee limited kee sthaapana kee. , antararaashtreey sansthaanon aur daata ejensiyon ke saath-saath nijee kampaniyon aur vyaavasaayik niveshak. vah 2002 se 2010 tak ghaana ke maanavaadhikaar aur prashaasanik nyaay aayog (chhraj) kee upaayukt theen, jahaan unhen kaaryavaahak aayukt niyukt kiya gaya tha. julaee 2011 mein, unhen dhokhaadhadee, bhrashtaachaar aur any kadaachaar kee jaanch ke prabhaaree ke roop mein afreekee devalapament baink samooh dvaara akhandata aur bhrashtaachaar virodhee vibhaag ke nideshak ke roop mein niyukt kiya gaya tha.

## References
Anne-Marie Brady

**Anne-Marie Brady** (janm 1966) New Zealand ke ek akaadamik aur kaintarabaree vishvavidyaalay mein raajaneeti vigyaan ke prophesar hain. vah cheenee ghareloo aur videshee raajaneeti, antaarkatik aur aarkatik raajaneeti, prashaant raajaneeti aur nyoojeelaind kee videsh neeti mein maahir hain. profesar braidee pahalee mahila raajaneetik vaigyaanik hain jinhen da royal sosaitee of nyoozeelaind, te apaarangee ka phelo chuna gaya hai. antaarkatik raajaneeti, cheen ke dhruveey hiton, aur cheenee kamyunist paartee kee ghareloo aur videsh neeti, vishesh roop se, videshee hastakshep gatividhiyon par unaka shodh, sanyukt raajy amerika, nyoojeelaind, ostreliya, yooke ke lie sarakaaron dvaara neeti samaayojan mein yogadaan dene vaala utprerak raha hai. kanaada, aur yooropeey sangh. braidee ne 1989 mein okalaind vishvavidyaalay se cheenee aur raajaneetik adhyayan mein kala snaatak (beee) kee upaadhi praapt kee. usake baad unhonne eshiyaee adhyayan mein paraasnaatak kiya; 1994 mein okalaind vishvavidyaalay mein phir se pratham shrenee sammaan ke saath cheenee aur raajaneetik adhyayan. unhonne poorvee eshiyaee adhyayan mein doktar oph philosaphee (peeechadee) arjit kee: 2000 mein ostreliyaee raashtreey vishvavidyaalay mein antarraashtreey sambandh jisaka sheershak tha meking da phoren sarv chaina: mainejing phorenars in da peepals ripablik oph chaina . 2009 mein, braidee ne kaintarabaree vishvavidyaalay mein vishisht yogyata ke saath antaarkatik adhyayan mein snaatakottar pramaanapatr arjit kiya. braidee mandaarin cheenee mein bhee dhaaraapravaah hai. 2001 mein, braidee ne kaintarabaree vishvavidyaalay mein kala mahaavidyaalay, raajaneeti vigyaan aur antarraashtreey sambandh vibhaag mein pravesh liya. braidee baad mein usee vishvavidyaalay mein raajaneeti vigyaan ke prophesar bane. unhonne snaatak aur snaatak donon paathyakramon mein padhaaya, saath hee saath cheenee raajaneeti, poorvee eshiyaee raajaneeti, dhruveey raajaneeti, cheen aur dakshin prashaant ke saath-saath nyoojeelaind videsh neeti par snaatak paryavekshan pradaan kiya. braidee telar end phraansis dvaara prakaashit da polar jarnal ke sansthaapak aur kaaryakaaree sampaadak hain. polar jarnal saamaajik vigyaan aur maanavikee ke drshtikon se dhruveey muddon kee vidvataapoorn charcha ke lie ek manch hai aur kaee vishayon mein in mahatvapoorn kshetron par kaam karane vaale visheshagyon aur neeti nirmaataon kee kaaphee sankhya ko ek saath laata hai.

## Sandarbh
Enei Begaye

**Enei Begaye** ek kaaryakarta aur svadeshee logon ke adhikaaron aur paryaavaran ke lie vakeel hain. Enee ek anubhavee jameenee star ke aayojak, vakta, lekhak aur rananeetikaar hain. 2003 se unaka vivaah shree ivan peetar, graameen, saamudaayik aur mool shiksha ke kulapati, alaaska pheyarabainks vishvavidyaalay se hua hai. Enee blaik mesa vaatar koelishan ke sah-sansthaapak aur sakriy bord sadasy hain, jo navaajo aur hopee rijarveshan par oorja aur paanee ke dohan ko sambodhit karane ke lie kaam kar rahe ek jameenee sangathan hai. Unhonne netiv moovament kalektiv kee sah-sthaapana bhee kee, jo ek gair-laabhakaaree sanstha hai jo sabhee logon ke beech samudaay aur sakaaraatmak sambandhon ko banaane aur majaboot karane ke lie kaam kar rahee hai, saath hee svasth aur tikaoo svadeshee samudaayon ke nirmaan mein madad karane ke lie netiv moovament bhee. enee ne svadeshee paryaavaran netavark ke lie ek jal prachaarak ke roop mein bhee kaam kiya hai, jahaan vah sanyukt raajy bhar mein svadeshee samudaayon ke saath unake jal sansaadhanon kee raksha ke lie kaam karatee hai. Svadeshee logon ke paryaavaraneey prayaason par charcha karate hue, enee ne kaha hai: "svadeshee logon ke lie ek haree arthavyavastha koee naee baat nahin hai, ham vol street se pahale dharatee maata ke saath sadbhaav mein jeevan ke is tareeke ka abhyaas kar rahe hain. lekin aaj, ham jo karane ka prayaas karate hain vah ekajut hai aadhunik gair-pradooshanakaaree praudyogikiyaan, jaise pavan aur saur, paaramparik takaneekon ke saath, jaise ki bunaee aur khetee; aur us ekata ke saath ham apane sabhee logon ke lie avasar ke nae daravaaje khol sakate hain - yuva aur boodhe, kolej shikshit aur bhoomi shikshit ek jaise."

## Sandarbh
Gloria Brennan

**Gloria Brennan** (12 sitambar 1948 - 2 navambar 1985) pashchimee Australia ke ek aadivaasee samudaay ke neta aur lok sevak the, jo pindinee (nyaanganyaatjaara) vansh ke the. Gloria Brennan ne kaee muddon par vakaalat kee, jinamen shaamil hain: aadivaasee bhoomi adhikaar, mahilaon aur bachchon ke lie kalyaan, aadivaasee shiksha aur svaasthy, dubhaashiya sevaon kee aavashyakata aur paramaanu oorja. unhonne raajy aur sangheey donon staron par aadivaasee maamalon ke vibhaag ke lie kaam kiya. Gloria Brennan brenan ka janm 12 sitambar 1948 ko pashchimee ostreliya ke liyonora mein hua tha. vah pashchimee ostreliyaee maata-pita, jems brenan, ek lakadahaare aur martal brenan (nee gudilar) kee doosaree santaan theen. ek bachche ke roop mein usane vudajaaree bhaasha ko dhaaraapravaah bolana seekha. unhonne gvaaliya (ve skool ke bagal ke ghar mein rahate the), levartan aur menzeez mein praathamik vidyaalayon mein bhaag liya. apane bhaee-bahanon ke saath, unhonne apanee aadivaasee sanskrti aur viraasat ke baare mein jaanane ke lie apanee naanee ke saath chhuttiyaan bitaeen. usane kalagorlee aur parth mein haee skool mein padhaee kee. 1971 mein brenan ne pashchimee ostreliya vishvavidyaalay mein kala sankaay mein ek paripakv umr ke chhaatr ke roop mein daakhila liya. unhonne nrvigyaan mein padhaee kee, aur bhaasha vigyaan, angrejee, itihaas aur sangeet ka bhee adhyayan kiya. unhonne 1978 mein kala snaatak ke saath snaatak kee upaadhi praapt kee. brenan pashchimee ostreliya vishvavidyaalay se snaatak karane vaalee pahalee aadivaasee mahilaon mein se ek theen.

## Sandarbh
Ute Bock

**Ute Bock** (27 joon 1942 - 19 janavaree 2018) ek ostriyaee shikshika theen, jo sharan chaahane vaalon kee madad karane vaalee apanee pariyojanaon ke lie jaanee jaatee theen. bok ka janm linz mein hua tha. haee skool snaatak hone ke baad, usane viyana kee nagar paalika mein naukaree ke lie aavedan kiya aur ek shikshak ke roop mein kaam karana shuroo kar sakatee thee. 1962 se 1969 tak unhonne viyana ke ek skool mein kaam kiya. baad mein, unhonne vineez distrikt phevaten mein yooth keyar sentar zohamanagase ke lie kaam karana shuroo kiya aur 1976 mein unhen isake nideshak ke roop mein niyukt kiya gaya. 1990 ke dashak kee shuruaat mein, yuva kalyaan kaaryaalay ne tejee se pravaasan prshthabhoomi vaale yuvaon ko yoote bok ke kendr mein bheja, kyonki unhen pahale se hee any skoolon dvaara door kar diya gaya tha. yah tab hai jab bok sharan chaahane vaalon ke lie sakriyata aur maanaveey sahaayata mein shaamil hona shuroo kar diya. 1999 mein, usake kendr par ek chhaape ke dauraan, vivaadaaspad "opareshan spring" ke tahat maadak padaarthon kee taskaree ke lie lagabhag 30 yuva aphreekiyon ko giraphtaar kiya gaya tha. utai bochk par khud bhee dasyu aur maadak padaarthon kee taskaree ka aarop lagaaya gaya tha. isake chalate unhen asthaayee roop se dyootee se nilambit kar diya gaya. baad mein aarop hata die gae, haalaanki use apane kendr mein any aphreekee sharan chaahane vaalon ko samaayojit karane se mana kiya gaya tha. usake baad usane nijee aavaaseey samudaayon ka aayojan kiya, jise usane svayan vitt poshit aur paryavekshan kiya. 2000 mein vah sevaanivrtt ho gaeen, lekin apane projekt par kaam karana jaaree rakha. 2002 usane apana svayan ka enajeeo fluchatalingsaprojekt yoote bok ("sharanaarthee projekt yoote bok") kee sthaapana kee. 350 se adhik sharan chaahane vaalon ko utai bochk ke sangathit apaartament mein aavaas milate hain. any 1,000 beghar sharanaarthiyon ke paas unake enajeeo ke pate par daak ka pata hai. usane apane graahakon ko kaanoonee salaah upalabdh karaee. enajeeo chande par nirbhar hai. viyana mein, abhiyaan bok auph biyar shuroo kiya gaya tha, jisamen ek biyar kee keemat ka ek chhota pratishat sharan chaahane vaalon ke lie bok kee aavaas pariyojanaon ko diya gaya tha. bochk auf biair beeyar chaahane ke lie ek kathabolee abhivyakti hai, lekin bok beeyar ek vishesh roop se majaboot beeyar ke lie hai. 2012 mein, raashtrapati henj phishar ne unhen ostriya ke sarvochch raashtreey maanad puraskaar, ostriya ganaraajy ko sevaon ke lie dekoreshan oph onar se sammaanit kiya.

## Sandarbh
Sybil Brand

**Sybil Brand** ek amerikee paropakaaree aur kaaryakarta theen, jo los enjils mein mahilaon ke lie jel kee sthiti mein sudhaar laane ke apane kaam ke lie sthaaneey roop se jaanee jaatee theen. vah los enjils kauntee mein ek mahila jel, sibil braand insteetyoot ka naam tha. 1994 ke northrij bhookamp ke baad esabeeaee ko band kar diya gaya tha. sibil moris ka janm shikaago, ilinois mein yahoodee apravaasee maata-pita abraaham "e.dablyoo" ke yahaan hua tha. moris (see. 1877-1951) aur haitee moris (see. 1883-1969) kuchh samay 1899 aur 1903 ke beech. jab sibil do saal ka tha, usake pita, ek stokabrokar, ne parivaar ko los enjils sthaanaantarit kar diya. baarah saal kee umr mein, usane apanee kaksha kee any ladakiyon ke saath daayapar heming kaaryakram aayojit karane par daan aur svayanseva ka aajeevan peechha karana shuroo kar diya. braand ko baad mein yaad aaya ki vah apanee maan ke aagrah par ek aspataal mein ek yuva tripal apang se milane se prerit hua tha. chairitee sarkal mein pahale se hee prasiddh, braand ko pahalee baar 1945 mein tatkaaleen paryavekshak liyonaard roch dvaara lok kalyaan aayog mein naamit kiya gaya tha. 1950 ke dashak mein, braand ek aayog mein sevaarat tha jisane los enjils kauntee mein aspataalon aur jelon ka nireekshan kiya. jelon ka nireekshan karane ke lie svayansevee ke lie ekamaatr aayukt, braand mahilaon ko jel kee sthiti mein dekhakar hairaan tha. us samay, los enjils hol oph jastis kee terahaveen manjil par, 1300 rakhane ke lie dizain kee gaee suvidhaon mein lagabhag 1800 mahilaon ko rakha ja raha tha. is ghatana ke baad, braand ne mahilaon ke lie ek naee kauntee jel banaane ke abhiyaan ka netrtv kiya. 29 janavaree, 1963 ko, los enjils kauntee ne sibil braand sansthaan khola, jise 1994 ke northrij bhookamp ke baad band karane ke lie majaboor kiya gaya tha. bajat kee kamee ne isake reemodeling aur phir se kholane mein deree kee. mahila kaidiyon ko haal hee mein los enjils ke daunataun mein tvin taavars karekshanal phaisilitee mein rakha gaya hai.

## Sandarbh