Ernest Rutherford

**Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson,** OM, PC, FRS (30 August 1871 – 19 October 1937) ek New Zealand ke scientist rahaa, jiske  Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908 me mila rahaa uske nuclear physics, aur theory of the structure of the atom ke khatir.

Rutherford nuclear physics ke ek pahila researcher rahaa, French physicist,Antoine Henri Becquerel ke 1896 me radiation ke discovery ke baad. Rutherford radiation ke tiin hissa ke discover karis jiske uu Alpha, Beta, and Gamma naam diis. Rutherford ii bhi paais ki alpha particles, helium nucleihae. Rutherford ke study se atomic structure ke baare me log samjhe sakin, jisme atom ek nucleus aur uske round electron hae.

1919 me , Rutherforddunia ke pahila  artificial nuclear reaction karis, jisme uu alpha particle  nitrogen gas me jorr ke oxygen isotopes aur protons banais. 

## Jawaani ke din aur sikchhaa
Ernest Rutherford ke janam 30 August 1871 ke Brightwater, New Zealand me bhais rahaa, Uu James Rutherford, ek immigrant kisaan aur mechanic jon Perth, Scotland ke rahaa, aur Martha Thompson, ek schoolteacher  Hornchurch, England se, ke chauthaa larrka rahaa. Rutherford ke birth certificate me galti se uske naam  'Earnest' likhaa rahaa. Rutherford ke palwaar uske  Ern ke naam se jaanat rahin. 

Jab Rutherford 5 saal ke rahaa, uu Foxhill, New Zealand gais, aur Foxhill School me parrhis rahaa. 1883 me, 11 saal ke umar me, the Rutherford palwaar  Havelock me jaae ke rahe lagaa, ek town jon  Marlborough Sounds me hae. Uulog ii kaaran se move bhae rahin ki Rutherford ke pitaji ek flax mill ke nagiich rahe sake, jiske uu develop karis rahaa.   Erne Havelock School me parrhis rahaa.

1889 me, duusra dafe try kare ke baad, uske  scholarship milaa rahaa,   Canterbury College, University of New Zealand me parrhe ke, 1890 aur 1894 ke biich me. Uu  debating society  aur Science Society ke member rahaa. Canterbury me, uske ek complex B.A.  Latin, English aur Maths me 1892 me dewa gias rahaa, ek M.A.  Mathematics aur Physical Science me, 1893 me, aur ek B.Sc. Chemistry aur Geology me, 1894 me.

Iske baad, Rutherford ek nawaa rakam ke radio receiver ke invent karis rahaa, aur 1895 me uske  1851 Research Fellowship, Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851 se dewa gais rahaa, England jaae ke  Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge me postgraduate study kare ke khaatir. 1897 me, uske ek B.A. Research Degree aur the Coutts-Trotter Studentship from Trinity College, Cambridge award karaa gais rahaa.

## Career aur research

Jab Rutherford aapan studies ke Cambridge me suruu karis rahaa, tab uu pahila  'aliens' (those without a Cambridge degree) me se ek rahaa jiske university me research kare dewa gais rahaa aur iske saathe  J. J. Thomson ke niche kaam kare ke mauka milaa rahaa.

Thomson ke encouragement se, Rutherford radio waves ke  paais, aur kuchh din talak uske lage world record rahaa, ki ketna duur talak  electromagnetic waves ke detected karaa jaae sake, lekin jab uuu, ii result ke  British Association meeting ke 1896 me present karis, tab uu ii paais ki Guglielmo Marconi uske beat kar diis rahaa, jiske radio waves ek message ke lagbhagy  bhejis rahaa.

## Ii bhi dekho
Esterbook pens

## Duusra websites

* The Rutherford Museum 
* Rutherford Scientist Supreme
* Ernest Rutherford @ nobel.se
* "Ernest Rutherford 1871 - 1937". A Science Odyesy, pbs.org.