open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Astana

**Astana** (Kazakh: Астана, Farsi:), Kazakhstan ke capital city hae. Pahile ii   **Nur-Sultan, Akmolinsk**, **Tselinograd**,  aur **Akmola**  ke naam se jana jaataa rahaa. Iske population 1 350 228 (2022) hae, aur ii 2022 se Kazakhstan ke capital hae. 

## Demographics
Iske population 1 350 228 (2022) hae.
Ethnic groups (2020) 
:

* Kazakh: 79.1%
* Russian: 12.85%
* Ukrainian: 1.32%
* Tatar: 1.08%
* Uzbek: 0.96%
* Others: 4.65%

## Chapa

file:Emblem of Nur-Sultan.svg|City coat-of-arm of Astana
file:Kazakhstan-Astana.png|Location of Astana

## References

## Ii bhi dekho
*Suva
*New Delhi

## Bahaari jorr
* Official website of the BIE
* Expo 2017 Astana-Kazakhstan
North Korea

**North Korea**, nai to **Democratic People's Republic of Korea**, Korea ke northern hissa me ek des hae. North Korea ke border China, Russia, aur South Korea se hae. Iske rajdhani Pyŏngyang hae.

Pahile jamaana me Korea ek ajaad des rahaa, lekin ii dher din talak China ke niche rahaa. 1910 me ii Japan ke niche aais.

World War II ke baad, Korea,  Japan se ajaad bhais aur iske Soviet Union aur United States occupy karis. Ii logan 1948 me Korea chhorr ke chal diin. Soviet support se North Korea, ek socialist des banaa aur American  support se South Korea banaa.

1950 me North Korea aapan army ke South Korea bhej ke duuno Korea ke ek Communist des banae ke kosis karis, jiske kaaran  Korean War suruu hoe gais. America aur dher aur des ke army  United Nations ke niche Korea aae ke  North Korean log ke piche dhakelis lagbhag Yalu River talak jon ki China ke border ke lage hae. Iske baad China aapan army larrai me North Korea ke madat kare ke khatir bhejis. Tiin ssal ke larrai ke baad duuno side larrai band karin aur ii time duuno des ke biich me border wahi jagha rahaa jahan pe larrai suruu kare ke time rahaa. 

Kim Il-Sŏng, North Korea ke pahila leader rahaa. 1994 me jab uu mar gais tab uske larrka, Kim Jŏng-Il leader banaa.

## References
Pyongyang

**Pyŏngyang** (평양 직할시 hangul me, 平壤直轄市 hanja me), North Korea ke capital aur sab se barraa city hae.
Kuwait City

**Kuwait City** (Arbii: مدينة الكويت, transliteration: *Madīnat al-Kuwayt*), Kuwait ke sab se barraa aur capital city hae. Iske population  63,600 hae. (2006 estimate) 

## bahaari jorr
* Kuwait City at "goruma"
* Kuwait Directory 

## References
Bishkek

**Bishkek** (Бишкек), Kyrgyzstan ke capital city hae. Iske population 900,000 hae (2005). Iske suruu me 1878 me ek Russian fortress Pishpek (Пишпек) ke naam se banawa gais rahaa. 1926 aur 1991 ke biich me iske Frunze (Фрунзе) ke naam se jaana jaawat rahaa, Bolshevik military leader Mikhail Frunze ke naam se. Kyrgyz me ek Bishkek ek churn hae jiske kaam me laae ke ghorra ke duudh (kumis) banawa jaawe hae, jon ki Kyrgyz ke national drink hae.
Vivekanand Sharma

**Vivekanad Sharma** (1938 - 10 September 2006), Fiji ke ek prasidhya Bhartiye raajneetijya aur dharmik karyakarta the. Uske Fiji me Hindi ke sanrakshak aur protsahak the. 

## Jawani ke din

Vivekanand Sharma ji ka janam Votua Levu, Nadi, Fiji mei ek ganne ke kisan palwaar me huva tha. Aap ki primary school ki parrhai Votualevu Government School aur secondary ki parrhai Shri Vivekananda High School huvi thee, jiske baad aap master banana ke liye Nasinu Teachers Coolege gaye. Teen saal padhane ke baad aap India parrhe ke khatir gaye aur Dehli ke Vishva Vidhayalay ke Hindu College se Bachelors aur Masters Degrees prapt kiye. Baad mei Sardar Patel University, Gujrat se PhD ki padaai puri kee. Aap Pratham pravaasi Bhartiye the jinnho ne Hindi mei PhD ki padaai ki the.

Sharma ji ne kai saaree pustakein Hindi mei likh kar prakashit karaye the. Aap Fiji mei *Hindi Maha Parishad*ke suruu kiye the aur uske pahila President rahe. Aap Fiji ke Ministry of Education ke Curriculum Development Unit ke Hindi Work Group ke pardhan bhi rahe aur University of the South Pacific ke Hindi Programme Coordinator bhi the.

## Political Life
Sharma ji, International Youth Federation of the University of Delhi ke pehla videsi President chune gaye the. Aap 1972 ke election me Alliance Party ki taraf se ladhe lekin asafal the. Election ke baad Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara ne inki kabliyat dekh kar ek Senator niyukt kiye the. 1977 ke duusra election me  wahi constituency se jeet ke Minister of State for Youth and Sports bane thee.  Ratu Mara ke bahut maanat aur unmei vishvaas rakhate the tatha unke baare me Hindi me ek book bhi likhe the.   

## Dharmik kaam
Uu Maharishi Sanatan College ko sthapit karaye tatha uska pehla Principal aur Manager rahe. Baad mei wahi bagal mei Votua Levu Tirth Dham ki bhi sthapna karaye the.

Uu Shri Sanatan Dharm Pratinidhi Sabha of Fiji ke General Secretary aur baad me National President rahaa aur Shri Sanatan Dharam Brahman Purohit Sabha of Fiji ke adviser bhi rahe.

Uske maut Brisbane, Australia me 9 September 2006 ke bhais rahaa. He was cremated at Vatuwaqa Cemetery in Suva on Wednesday, 13 September 2006..

## Bahaari jorr
* DR. VIVEKANAND SHARMA 1938 - 2006: An authority on Hindi in Fiji 

## References
Jai Raj Singh

**Jai Raj Singh** Fiji ke ek Hindustani politician aur lawyer rahaa. Uu 1977 ke dusra election me National Federation Party (NFP) ke Flower Faction ke taraf se North Western Indian National Constituency ke jiitis rahaa, Uu ii seat ke 1982 ke election me fir se jiitis rahaa. Uu NFP ke  Lautoka Branch ke Secretary rahaa.  

## References
Khatta nabbu

**Khatta nabbu** (English bhasa:citron) (vaigyaanik naam: *Citrus medica*) ek rakam ke nabbu hae. Iske chhilka jaada kar ke karraa rahe hae. Ii perr Southeast Asia se aawe hae. Aaj kal iske dunia ke dher des jaise ki Sicily, Morocco, Crete, Corsica, aur Puerto Rico me boya jaawe hae. Iske perr 3 metres se jaada lamba hoe sake hae. Iske fal lagbag 25&nbsp;cm lamba, aur 4&nbsp;kg garrhu rahe hae. Iske khana banae me, jam banae me aur perfume ke khatir kaam me lawa jaawe hae. Iske Fiji me sarbat banawa jaawe hae. 

## Notes


## Duusra websites
* ''Citrus medica'' used as a medicinal plant.
Maseru

**Maseru** (pronounced "ma'seru"), Lesotho ke capital city hae. Ii Mohokare naddi ke lage hae aur South Africa ke border pe hae jisse ii Maseru Bridge se jurraa hae.
Monrovia

**Monrovia**, Liberia ke capital city hae aur iske abaadi 1 million hae. Iske naam America ke 5th President James Monroe se aais hae. Iske 1822 me suruu karaa gais rahaa aur hian pe chhorraa gais American gulaam (slave) lof ke basaawa gais rahaa.
Kingston

**Kingston**, Jamaica ke capital aur sab se barraa city hae. Ii city ii island des ke southeastern coast me hae. 

## References

## Duusra websites
* Extract from ''Tour Jamaica'' by Margaret Morris
* Jamaica Library Service: brief history of Kingston
* 2001 Census
* Accounts of 1907 Earthquake in The Times 
* Kingston City Guide 
* Jamaican Affairs - Kingston 
* Kingston Guide
South Tarawa

**South Tarawa** (Gilbertese bhasa aur English: **Teinainano Urban Council** nai to abr. **TUC**), Kiribati ke capital city hae. Ii city Tarawa Atoll me hae.
Riga

**Riga**, Europe ke des, Latvia ke capital, aur sab se barraa city hae. Iske population 600,000 hae jon Latvia ke population ke one third hae. Riga ke area 307 square  kilometre hae. Riga ke 1201 me suruu karaa gais rahaa.
Vaduz

**Vaduz** (pronounced /Fah-doots/), Liechtenstein ke capital city hae. Iske population lagbhag 5,000 log hae aur ii Rhine Naddi ke kinaare hae. Hian ke khaas landmark Vaduz Mahal hae jime huan ke royal palwaar rahe hae.
Vientiane

**Vientiane** (pronounced /vjɛnˈtjɑːn/, Lao ວຽງຈັນ, Viang-chan / Wiang-chan IPA: [wíaŋ tɕàn]; jiske matlab " Sandalwood ke City" hae), Laos ke capital city hae. Ii Mekong Valley me hae aur hian pe, 200,000 se jaada log rahe hae lekin Vientiane metropolitan area me  730,000 se jaada log rahe hae. Ii Laos ke sab se barraa city hae. Vientiane  17°58' North, 102°36' East (17.9667, 102.6) me hae
Beirut

**Beirut**, Lebanon ke capital city hae. Ii dunia ke sab se purana city hae. Ii city Mediterranean ke east me hae aur iske east me snow-capped mountains hae. 

## Gallery

Image:Beirut_sunset(5).jpg|Sunset in Beirut, Lebanon
Image:Beirut.jpg|View from bickfaya, Beirut, Lebanon
Image:Beirut Downtown.jpg|Beirut Downtown, Lebanon


## References

* Linda Jones Hall, *Roman Berytus: Beirut in Late Antiquity,* 2004.
* Samir Kassir, *Histoire de Beyrouth,* Fayard 2003.
* Richard Talbert, Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, (ISBN 0-691-03169-X), p.&nbsp;69.

## Duusra websites
* Official website of Beirut 
* Downtown Beirut
* Discover Lebanon - Beirut chhapas and images, virtual tour, Allenby street, parliament, museum

**Government**
* ''Informs.gov.lb'' , the Lebanese government portal for information and forms

**Culture**
* Musée National de Beyrouth , the national museum of Beirut
* Ministry of Culture

**Education**
* Ministry of Higher Studies (Arabic only) 
* Lebanese University (French only) 
* American University of Beirut
* Lebaneae American University 
* Lebanese International University (Beirut) 
* Haigazian University
* American University College of Science and Technology
* Beirut Arab University 
* HaririCanadian University (HCU) 

### Media
* ''Future Television (Al Mustaqbal)'' , major source of Lebanese news
* ''Lebanese Broadcasting Company (LBC)'', major source of Lebanese news
* ''Al Manar TV'' , Hezbollah-run news channel
Nouakchott

**Nouakchott** (Arbii: نواكشوط or انواكشوط), Africa ke des, Mauritania ke capital city hae. Ii des ke sab se barraa city aur  Sahara Desert me ke ek sab se barraa city hae. 

## References


## Duusra websites

* Lexicorient: Nouakchott 
* Life in Nouakchott 
* NASA Image
Port Louis

**Port Louis**, Mauritius ke capital city hae. Ii city Indian Ocean ke ek port hae. Ii des ke sab se barraa city hae aur  Port Louis District me hae. Ii city ke population 147,688 jan hae.

## Itihaas
Port Louis ke French log lagbhag 1735 me banae rahin. Ii jagha se Cape of Good Hope ke round kar ke jaawe waala jahaaj ke khana paani dewa jaawat rahaa. Ii city ke naam  King Louis XV se aais hae. 

## References


* Malcolm de Chazal, Petrusmok, The Standard Printing Est., 1951, La Table Ovale, 1979.  
* Marie-Thérèse Humbert , La montagne des signaux, Paris : Stock, 1994
* Khal Torabully, Kot sa parol la - Rôde parole, poésie en créole et français, éditions Le Printemps, 1996, Maurice.


## Duusra websites

* Municipal website 

## Aur websites
* Uneso, Ghat and Morne, http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article_sup.php?news_id=114776
Maputo

**Maputo**, Mozambique ke capital city hae. Ii Indian Ocean ke coast pe hae. 2004 me lagbhag 1,114,000 jane ii city me rahat rahin. Maputo ke 18th century me banawa gais rahaa. Iske pahile kae naam Lourenço Marques rahaa,lekin ajaadi ke baad iske naam badal dewa gais rahaa.
Bamako

**Bamako**, Mali ke sab se barraa aur capital city hae. Ii city Niger Naddi pe hae. Iske abaadi 3.3 million hae.
North Macedonia

**Republic of North Macedonia** (Macedonian: *Република Северна Македонија* - *Republika Severna Makedonija*), Europe ke Balkan peninsula ke ek des hae. Ii des ke border north me Serbia, west me Albania, south me Greece, aur east me Bulgaria hae. Des ke currency Macedonian Denar (MKD) hae..

Iske capital city Skopje hae jiske population 500,000 jan se jaada hae. Isme dher chhota chhota city hae, jaise ki Bitola, Prilep, Tetovo, Kumanovo, Ohrid, Veles, Stip, aur Strumica.

## References
Lilongwe

**Lilongwe**, Africa ke des, Malawi ke capital city hae. Ii des ke biich me Lilongwe naddi pe hae aur Mozambique, aur Zambia ke border pe hae. Ii city ke abaadi 597,619 log hae. Lilongwe, Malawi ke duusra sab se barraa city hae.
Skopje

**Skopje** (Macedonian: **Скопје**; transcribed *Skopje*), Republic of Macedonia ke sab se barraa aur capital city hae. Ii city des ke  administrative, cultural, economic aur academic centre hae. Pahile iske, aur naam se bhi jaana jaawat rahaa, jaise ki : *Üsküp* (Turkish) nai to *Skoplje* (Serbo-Croatian). Ii city ke purana city Scupi ke uppar banawa gais hae.  . 2002, ii city kepopulation 506,926 log rahaa. .

## Duusra websites

* New Years Eve in Skopje 
* Skopje In Your Pocket city guide
* Skopje Online: Culture, Dining, Sports, and Entertainment Guide 
* Skopje Clubbing - Nightlife Guide 
* Skopje Alexander the Great Airport
* Skopje Intercity Bus Station
* Saints Cyril and Methodius University - Skopje
* City of Skopje Official Portal
* Skopje travel guide

## References
Vilnius

**Vilnius** (Belarusian: Вільня; Polish: Wilno; Russian: Вильнюс, formerly Вильно; German: Wilna), Lithuania ke capital city hae. Ii uu des ke sab se barraa city bhi hae aur iske population 553,904 (December 2005) hae.  

## Duusra websites
* Chronicles of the Vilna Ghetto: wartime photographs & documents — vilnaghetto.com 
* Official city guide
* Vilnius Public Transport System 

## Footnotes and references
Chişinău

**Chişinău** (IPA /ki.ʃi.'nəu/), jiske pahile **Kishinev** ke naam se jaana jaawat rahaa, Moldova ke capital city aur industrial aur commercial center hae. Ii Moldova ke sab se barraa city hae. Ii des ke biich me Bîc naddi pe banaa hae.

## Duusra websites

* Official site of Chişinău (in Romanian only)
* Kishinef(Kishinev), by Rosenthal, Herman & Rosenthal, Max, in the *[[Jewish Encyclopedia]]* (1901-1906)
* Chişinău Interactive Map: find addresses, streets, and places , ,
Monaco

**Monaco**, dunia ke duusra sab se hhota des hae. Ii France ke south-eastern me, Mediterranean Sea pe hae. Monaco ke jab se jaada baat kare waala bhasa French hae. Monaco ke head of state, Prince Albert IIhae;
Sikh Inter-District Championship (Fiji) 2010

Nau team, 2 se 4 April talak Ratu Cakobau Park, Nausori me  Fiji Sikh Football Association Inter District Championship me hissa leinye. Ii team hae, Pool A me Suva, Rewa, Nasinu, Nadi aur Tailevu aur Pool B me Ba, Lautoka, Tavua aur Australia. 

## Results
### Pool A

### Pool B

### Semi finals

### Final

## References


## Aur dekho
* Fiji me football
Monte Carlo

**Monte Carlo**, Monaco ke sab se barraa city hae. Iske area 5 square km hae aur hian pe lagbhag 400 jan rahe hae. 

Monte Carlo gambling, politics, fireworks aur culture khatir bhi jaana jaawe hae. 

## References
Valletta

**Valletta**, Malta ke capital city hae. Iske 28 March 1566 me Jean Parisot de Valette, the Grandmaster of the Order of Saint John banais rahaa. Ii city ke population 6,315 (2005 me) rahaa aur iske population abhi kamtii hoe hae kaahe ki huan se dher jan UK, Italy, aur Malta ke nawa jagh ajaawe hae.
Montenegro

**Montenegro**, Europe ke ek des hae. Ii Adriatic Sea pe, Albania (jon ki South me) aur Croatia jon ki North me, ke biich me hae. Bhittar me (East aur South-East me) iske border Serbia, Kosovo aur Bosnia and Herzegovina se hae.

Ii des uu time banaa jab ki iske log Serbia and Montenegro se 21 May 2006 me nikal gain. Ii World War I se pahile ek ajaad des rahaa aur ek kingdom rahaa. Iske leader Filip Vujanović hae.
Kuala Lumpur

**Kuala Lumpur**, Malaysia ke capital city hae. 

## Duusra websites
* Kuala Lumpur city location map
* Kuala Lumpur City Hall 
* Maps of Kuala Lumpur
* Arkadaşlık uygulaması  from Maps of Kuala 
* Kuala Lumpur Travel Guide  - Comprehensive Travel Guide to Kuala Lumpur | City Guide, hotels, attractions and vacations.
Malé

**Malé** (Dhivehi: މާލެ), Maldives ke capital city hae. Iske population 81,647 (2004) hae. Ii city Malé Island, Kaafu Atoll me hae.
Mongolia

**Mongolia** China aur Russia ke biich me ek des hae. Mongolia ek landlocked des hae. Iske border north me Russia se aur south aur west me People's Republic of China se hae. Iske capital aur sab se barraa city  Ulan Bator/ Ulaan Battor hae, jisme des ke 38% log rahe hae. 
## Duusra websites

* Mongolia's UK embassy- http://www.embassyofmongolia.co.uk/.
* Mongolia’s American/USA embassy- http://www.mongolianembassy.us/default.php .
* MIAT (Mongolian airways)- http://www.alternativeairlines.com/miat?gclid=CPrgjvuFipsCFd4B4wodsQK7pw . Safety concerns exist about some of the older and less reliable aircraft in it’s domestic fleet.
* 
* Mongolian Open Government (by Mongolia's Prime Minister) (in Mongolian and English) (uses, but does not need Macromedia Flash)
Ulan Bator

**Ulaanbaatar**, nai to **Ulan Bator**, Mongolia ke sab se baraa aur capital city hae. Iske polulation 1 million se jaada hae.
Marshall Islands

**Republic of the Marshall Islands** (RMI) ek Micronesian island des hae jon ki western Pacific Ocean me hae. Iske capital city Majuro hae.
Majuro

**Majuro**,  Marshall Islands ke capital city hae.  Majuro me ek port aur ek international airport hae. iske population 25,400 (2004) hae. Majuro  7°7'30" North, 171°4' East (7.125, 171.0667) me hae. 

Majuro atoll ke area 3.75 mi² (9.7 km²) hae, aur iske chaaro tara lagoon jiske area  113.92 mi² (295 km²) hae.
Federated States of Micronesia

**Micronesia**, official naam **Federated States of Micronesia**, Pacific Ocean me, Papua New Guinea ke north east me ek island des hae. Ii des ek sovereign state hae jon ki United States se jurraa hae. Federated States of Micronesia ke capital city, Palikir hae.
Palikir

**Palikir**, Federated States of Micronesia ke capital city hae. Ii Pohnpei island pe hae. Iske population lagbhag 7,000 jan hae.
Windhoek

**Windhoek** (German: Windhuk), Namibia ke capital city hae. Iske population 230,000 jan hae. ii ilaka 1885 me Germany ke niche aais aur 1892 me ii German colony, German South-West Africa banaa. World War I ke time, Windhoek pe South Africa kabjaa kar liis. Ii South West Africa (Namibia), jon ki South Africa ke niche rahaa, 1990 talak jab ki iske ajaadi milaa.

## Duusra websites
* Official homepage of the City of Windhoek - Windhuk 
* WebCams showing Windhoek
* Republikein, Namibian newspaper (Afrikaans)
* Allgemeine Zeitung Namibias, Namibian newspaper (German)
* The Namibian, newspaper (English)
Niamey

**Niamey**, Africa ke des, Niger ke capital city hae. Ii Niger ke sab se barraa city hae. Ii city Niger River pe hae. Naimey, des ke administrative, cultural aur economic center hae. City has ke population 674,950 jan hae.
Norway

**Norway**, north Europe ke ek des hae. Ii Scandinavian peninsula ke western hissa me hae. Norway ke mainland ke west me samundar hae aur east me  Russia, Finland,aur Sweden se border hae.  

## Duusra websites
* Norway.no – Official website
* VisitNorway.com – Official travel guide to Norway

## References
Oslo

**Oslo**, Norway ke capital city hae. Iske population 634 463 log (2015) hae. Ii city ke lage ke population 876,391 (1,403,268) log hae. 

## Duusra websites
* Oslo Kommune official website
Yaren

**Yaren**, Nauru ke sab se barraa basti hae. Nauru me koi official capital city nai hae, lekin dher government buildings Yaren me hae.
Wellington

**Wellington**, New Zealand ke rajdhani hae. Ii 1865 se capital hae. Isse pahile Auckland rajdhani rahaa. Wellington, New Zealand ke duusra sab se baraa shahar hae aur iske population lagbhag 448,000 jan hae (2006).  Wellington, dunia ke sab se jaada south waala capital city hae. 

## References
Lisbon

**Lisbon**, Portugal ke is the capital city hae. ii city ke population lagbhag 2 million jan hae. Lisbon, River Tagus pe hae. 


Lissabon-Praca do Comercio-16-2011-gje.jpg
Lissabon-Sao Vicente de Fora-06-vom Castelo de Sao Jorge-2011-gje.jpg
Lissabon-Sao Vicente de Fora-22-Hof-2011-gje.jpg
Lissabon-Kathedrale-Se-06-Westwerk-2011-gje.jpg
Lissabon-Basilica dos Martires-04-Weihnachtskrippe-2011-gje.jpg
Lissabon-Ascensor da Bica-08-2011-gje.jpg
Lissabon-Travessa da Laranjeira-06-Waesche-2011-gje.jpg
Lissabon-Fado mit Joana Veiga-06-2011-gje.jpg|Fado


## Duusra websites
* Official page of the city
Asunción

**Asunción** (puura naam:** Nuestra Señora Santa María de la Asunción**), Paraguay ke sab se barraa aur capital city hae. City ke populationhas more than 1.2 million inhabitants, and the metropolitan area has more than 1.8 million inhabitants.

The Spanish word "asunción" means ** in English. It refers to the Assumption of Mary; the full name means *Our Lady, Holy Mary of the Assumption*.
Lima

**Lima**, Peru ke capital city hae. Ii city ke 18 January  1535 me Spanish conquistador (conqueror) Francisco Pizarro banais rahaa.
Managua

**Managua**, 1855 se Nicaragua ke capital city hae. Ii jagha pe pahile ek American Indian gon rahaa, Spanish log ke hian pe aawe se pahile, lekin **Leal Villa de Santiago de Managua** ke 1811 me banawa gais rahaa. 1855 se pahile, León aur Granada capital cities rahaa. Lagbhag 1.8 million log hian pe 2004 me rahaa. Ii Guatemala City ke baad me, Central America ke sab se barraa city hae.


Image:Mausoleo Carlos Fonseca.JPG|Mausoleum of Carols Fonseca
Image:Rue de managua.jpg|A street (in the quarter Marta Quezada)
Kathmandu

**Kathmandu**, Nepal ke capital city hae. Ye Nepal ka Bagmati pradesh ka ek jila hae. Ii Nepal ke sab se bada sahar hae. Ye jagha pe dher Buddhist aur Hindu mandir aur mahal hae. Ye shar ke abadi 1.5 million jan hae. Bagmati pradesh Nepal ke 5 vikas kshetro men se Madhyamanchal vikas kshetra ke antargat padta hae. Kathmandu apna rochak air khas ethihas me like charchit sehar ye sehar prachinkal se he sampurd thi.


Kathmandu-Durbar Square-46-Kotilingeshwor-Mahavishnu-2015-gje.jpg
Kathmandu-Durbar Square-72-Garuda-Laxmi Narayan Sattal-Kasthamandapa-2015-gje.jpg
Kathmandu-Menschen-70-Mann auf Tempelstufe-2014-gje.jpg
Kathmandu-Old City-44-Bhedasingh-2015-gje.jpg
Kathmandu-Rani Pokhari 06-High School-2015-gje.jpg
Kathmandu-Asan-22-Heiligtum-2013-gje.jpg
Kathmandu-Menschen-40-Durbar Square-Transport-2007-gje.jpg
Kathmandu-Indra Chowk-40-Ganesha-Hahnopfer-2015-gje.jpg
Swayambhu, Kathmandu, Nepal.jpg
Kathmandu, Nepal, Life on the streets.jpg
Patan Durbar Square 2007-12-0287 (2589771795).jpg
Kathmandu, Basantapur, Square, Nepal.jpg
Kathmandu, Nepal, Kaathe Swyambhu, Buddhist monks.jpg


## Ye bhi dekho
* Nepal
* Bagmati
Panama

**Panama **, Central America ke ek des hae. Iske official naam **Republic of Panama** hae. Hian ke sab se famous chij Panama Canal hae. Panama ke Northwest me Costa Rica aur southeast me Colombia hae. Panama Caribbean Sea aur Pacific Ocean ke biich me hae. Hian ke jaada log (lagbhag 80%) Roman Catholic hae.

## Duusra websites

*  Official site of the presidency of Panama
*  Official site of Panama Tourism 	 
* Site of Panama Tourism with videos and photos 
* Panama Travel Information  Information on Panama culture, travel, city, food, vacations and hotels
* Pictures from Panama   
* CoolPanama.com Panama Portal Long list of online radio stations from Panama, also webcams and television stations
* Panama Travel Portal  Information portal on Panama - news, jobs, travel, property.  
* Panama Travel Guides  Panama's best attractions, travel guides, news and product reviews
São Tomé

**São Tomé**, São Tomé and Príncipe ke capital city hae. Ii des ke sab se barraa city hae. Iske population 56,166 jan hae. 

## Duusra websites
* Open Directory Project - ''Sao Tome and Principe''  directory category
Dakar

**Dakar**, Senegal ke capital city hae. Ii des Africa ke west coast pe  Atlantic pe hae.  
## References

## Duusra websites
* dakarville.sn - City of Dakar official website.
* African Photos Photos from Dakar
Victoria

**Victoria** (jiske kabhi kabhi **Port Victoria** ke naam se bhi jaana jaawe hae) Republic of Seychelles ke capital city hae. Ii Mahéisland, jon ki archipelago ke north-eastern side mehae. Victoria ke population 24,970 people (2002) hae.
Freetown

**Freetown**, Africa ke des, Sierra Leone ke capital city hae . Iske population 1,070,200 jan hae aur ii des ke sab se barraa city hae. 

## Duusra websites

* Sierra Leone National Tourist Board 
* LiveFromFreetown 
* Cry Freetown 
* FreeTown photos 
* Lungi International Airport
Mogadishu

**Mogadishu** (Somali:  *Muqdisho*) Africa ke Somalia  des ke capital city hae. Ii des ke sab se barraa city bhi hae.  Iske abaadi 2,000,000 hae.

## Duusra websites
* GlobalSecurity.org page on the city's history
* BBC News Mogadishu photo gallery
* Maps of Mogadishu in 1894, 1915, 1934, 1975, 1987 
* Mogadishu at Google Maps
Pretoria

**Pretoria**, Africa ke des,  South Africa ke tiin capital city  me se ek hae. Ii des ke administrative capital hae. 

## Duusra websites

* Pretoria portal
Kigali

**Kigali** (pronounced chaahe 'Kigali' nai to 'Chigali'), Rwanda ke capital city hae. Iske abaadi 1.1 million hae.
Panama City

**Panama City** (Spanish bhasa:Panamá), Republic of Panama ke sab se barraa aur capital city hae. Iske population 813,097 hae, aur puura metropolitan area ke population 1,206,792 hae. 

## Bahaari jorr

* Official website for Panama City 
* Official Panama's Tourism Bureau page
* Panama hotels and restaurants  in Casco Viejo
* Apartment rentals and information site for Casco Viejo
* Casco Viejo  at *Harvard University*
* Official Website of Casco Viejo & Casco Antiguo, Panama
OFC Champions League

**Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) Champions League** Oceania region ke premier club football competition hae aur iiUEFA Champions League ke rakam hae.  Iske **O-League** ke naam se bhi jaana jaawe hae. . The OFC Champions League has commenced its inaugural season in 2007 and replaced the previous **Oceania Club Championship**.

2006 talak  me Australian team ii competition ke jiitis, lekin 2006 ke baad Australia OFC se nikal gais aur  New Zealand ke teamm baaki competition ke jiitis.

## The Oceania Club Championship
Iske Oceania Football Confederation organise kare hae ii kaaran se ki FIFA Club World Cup (jiske pahile  Club World Championships ke naam se jaana jaawat rahaa), ke khatir team ke chuna jaawe sake. 

2006 ke tournament New Zealand me khela gais aur iske Auckland City FC jiitis; ek qualifying tournament Fiji me khela gais jisme kamjor team hisa liin. 

## Khele ke format
### Pahile waala format
Oceania Club Championships ke sab game ke ek jagha pe khela jaawe hae.  ii championship me che team rahaa jiske dui pool me baata gais rahaa. Duno pool ke top dui team ek duuusre se semi-final me khelis aur iske winer grand final me khelis. 

### Oceania Champions League
Ii tournament me aath team hae jiske dui pool me baata gais hae. Har ek team aapan pool ke duusra team se dui dafe  home and away game khele hae.  Duuno pool ke jiite waala team ek duusre se dui game home and away formayt me khel ke OFC ke winner bane hae. Iske champion, host nation ke club champion se khel ke FIFA Club World Cup me qualify hoe sake hae.

## Winners and runners up
### Oceania Champions League

### Oceania Club Championship/Oceania Champions Cup Finals

## Statistics
### By club

### By nation

## Links
* OFC Official Website

## References
Auckland City FC

**Auckland City FC**, Auckland, New Zealand ke ek football team hae. 

## Bahaari jorr
*Auckland City Homepage
Waitakere United

**Waitakere United**, Waitakere City, New Zealand ke ek football (soccer) club hae. 

## Bahaari jorr
* Official site
* Stadium Website 
* New Zealand Football Championship Official Site
Wollongong Wolves

**South Coast Wolves Football Club** (jiske pahile **Wollongong Community Football Club** aur **Wollongong Wolves** ke naam se jaana jaawat rahaa),  Illawarra region, New South Wales, Australia ke ek football club hae. 

## References

## Bahaari jorr
* Official Website
South Melbourne FC

**South Melbourne Football Club**, Melbourne, Australianke ek football (soccer) club hae. 

## Bahaari jorr
*South Melbourne FC official site
*OzFootball NSL page 
*OzFootball Victorian football page
*OzFootball South Melbourne Page
*Images of South Melbourne fans 

## References

]
Adelaide City

**Adelaide City**, Adelaide, Australia ke ek football team hae.  

## Bahaari jorr
* Official Site
* Oz Football profile
OFC Champions League - 2009-10

**2009–10 [[OFC Champions League]]**, jiske **2010 O-League** ke naam se bhi jaana jaawe hae, me saat des ke aath team khele hae. Ii aath team ke dui pool me baata gais hae aur iske jiite waala team O-League Champion khatir kheli aur Oceania Football Confederation ke 2010 FIFA Club World Cup me hissa lii. 

## Team

*  Lautoka F.C. – 2009 Fiji National League Premier
*  AS Magenta – New Caledonia Division Honneur
*  Auckland City FCTH – 2008-09 New Zealand Football Championship Champion
*  Waitakere United – 2008-09 New Zealand Football Championship Premier
*  PRK Hekari United - Papua New Guinea National Soccer League
*  Marist FC - Winner 2009 Solomon Islands National Club Championship
*  AS Manu-Ura – Tahiti Division Fédérale
*  Tafea FC - Winner 2009 Vanuatu Football Federation Bred Cup 

TH Title holders

## Group stage
Winners of each group advance to the final.

### Group A

----

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----

----

----

----

### Group B

----

----

----

----

----

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## Final

The two group winners will play-off over two legs to determine the 2009–10 OFC Champion. The order that the legs will be played is yet to be determined.

 

|}

The OFC Champions League winner also advances to the qualifying round of the 2010 FIFA Club World Cup.
0-0 1-1 PRK Hekari United   5 g red cartons win be played R. Momolikski

## Top goal-scorers

;6 Goals
*  Daniel Koprivcic (Auckland City FC)

;4 Goals
*  Brent Fisher (Waitakere United)
*  Kema Jack (PRK Hekari United)

;3 Goals
*  François Sakama (Tafea FC) 

;2 Goals
*  Chad Coombes (Auckland City FC)
*  Allan Pearce (Waitakere United)
*  Jason Rowley (Waitakere United)
*  Benjamin Totori (Waitakere United)
*  Alick Maemae (PRK Hekari United)
*  Joachin Waroi (PRK Hekari United)
*  Valreio Nawatu (Lautoka FC)

## References


## External links
* OFC Champions League
Auckland

**Auckland**, New Zealand ke sab se barraa city hae. Lagbhag 1.4 million jan Auckland me rahe hae. Kuchh din talak ii  New Zealand ke capital city rahaa, lekin abhi Wellington capital hae.

Auckland,  Manukau aur Waitemata harbour ke biich me hae. Iske "City of Sails" ke naam se jaana jaawe hae, kaahe ki ii city me dher sailing jahaaj aawe hae. 

## References
Honiara

**Honiara**, jiske population 84,520 (2017) hae, Solomon Islands aur Guadalcanal Province ke capital city hae.

Ii town Guadalcanal island me hae aur purana capital Tulagi ke World War II ke baad replace karis hae. Honiara 1952 me capital banaa.
Port Moresby

**Port Moresby** (9°30′S aur 147°12′E), Papua New Guinea ke sab se barraa aur capital city hae. Iske population 255,000 (2000) hae.
Penalty kick

Ek **penalty kick** (nai to **penalty**), football (soccer) ke game me ek rakam ke free kick hae jiske goal se barah yard (gyrah metres) se lewa jaawe hae jab ki khaali goalie aapan goal ke bachae waala rahe hae.

## Notes


## Bahaari jorr
* History of Laws of the Game - From 1863 to the Present Day
Own goal

Ek **own goal**, football (soccer) me uu time hoe hae jab ki ek khilaarri gaol banae hae jiske uske team ke virod me dewa jaawe hae. Own goal se kuchh khaas football ke game ke ek team haaris hae.

## References
Minit

Ek **minit** ek chhota time ke unit hae, jisme 60 second hae aur 60 minute milae ke ek ghanta bane hae. 
 
Ek degree me 60 **minute** hae.
Mahina

Ek **mahina**, waqt ke ek unit hae. Ek saal me barah mahina hae. Ek mahina me 28, 29, 30 nai to 31 din rahe hae.
Hafta

Ek**hafta** me saat dinhae. Ek saal me 52 hafta rahe hae. 

English bhasa me din ke naam, Norse mythology gods se aais hae. 

Sanichar aur Etwaar ke 'week end' bola jaawe hae.

## Duusra websites
* The Mysterious 7-Day Cycle (history with Christian editorial) 
* The Week (part of Claus Tøndering's Calendar FAQ)
Saal

Ek **saal** me 365 din hae, Leap saal ke chhorr ke, jisme 366 din hae. Ii otna time hae, jetna deri me Dunia Suraj ke around ek dafe jaawe hae.
Bhaona

**Bhaona** (Emotion), log kaise aapan bhittar feel kare hae ke baare me hae. Bhaona dehin pe psychological effect hae. Ii sadness, happiness, anger, fear, joy aur dher chij hoe sake hae.
Bhaona ke kaaran hormone aur dimaag hae. Bahut dikkat se koi aapan bhauna ke kosis kar ke control kare sake hae. Bhaona ke sab jaanwar me dekha jaawe hae. Iske kaaran jaanwar aapan behaviour ke badle hae. Insaan me, kabhi-kabhi bhaona ke kaaran jindagi ke uu rakam nai rahaa jaawe sake hae jaise koi maange hae.

Bhaona ke vigyanik definition sahaj nai hae; gyaani log 90 se jaada definition diin hae. Ek definition me tiin chij rahe ke chaahi:
# koi chij mahsus kare ke chaahi
# expressions jiske duusra jan dekhe sake hae
#dehin me koi chij hoe hae
Sabhyata

**Sabhyata**, insaan ke uu trairke ke bola jaata hae jab ki ek gut ke log apne ke ek stable, efficient group me organise kar le hae .

Log civilized hoe jae hae jab uu log hajaaro saal ke buddhi, hunnar aur gyaan se sikhe hae
Parrhai

**Parrhai** me log ke nawaa chij sikhawa jaawe hae. 

## Duusra panna
* Homeschooling - a form of education taught at home.
* Special education - a form of education that accommodates students who have a disability.
* Special education resources
Pyar

**Pyar** uu rakam ke feeling hae jab ki koi aur jan nai to chij ke like kare hae. 

## References

## Duusrawebsites
* A Social Psychological Perspective on Positive Illusions in Romantic Relationships
* The Anatomy of Love  Explanation of Theories of Love
Thomas Henry Huxley

**Thomas Henry Huxley** (4 May 1825 – 29 June 1895) ek English biologist rahaa. Uske *Darwin's Bulldog* ke naam se jaana jaawat rahaa kaahe ki uu Charles Darwin ke theory of evolution ke support karat rahaa. Huxley, ke Darwin ke kuchh ideas ke support kare me kuchh din lagaa lekin uu public me Darwin ke puura support karat rahaa.

Huxley ke 1860 ke English Bishop Samuel Wilberforce se debate ek famous public event rahaa. Ii debate evolution ke baare me rahaa aur iske newspaper me achchaa report karaa gais rahaa. Bahut log ii soche hae ki Huxley ii debate ke jiit liis rahaa, jisse Huxley ke career ke barrhawa milaa, aur iske saathe theory of evolution ke bhi. Huxley, Britain me scientific education suruu karis aur extreme forms of religion ke virod karis. Huxley apne ke *[[agnostic]]* batais aur aajkal ii sabd jaada kaam me lawa jaawe hae.

Huxley bahut kamtii school parrhis aur jon koi chij uu janat rahaa, ke apne se sikhis. Uu ek khaas anatomist aurzoologist banaa. Baad me uu admii aur bandar ke evolution ke baare me discuss karis. Uske ek aur bichar ii rahaa ki chirrya carnivorous dinosaurs se evolve bhais,jiske aajkal sach maana jaawe hae.

Uske evolution ke favour me kaam, aur uske scientific education ke khatir kaam ke bhaari asar British aur dunia ke society pe bhais rahaa.

## References

* Desmond, Adrian 1994. Huxley: vol 1 *The Devil's disciple*. London: Michael Joseph. ISBN 0-7181-3641-1
* Desmond, Adrian 1997. Huxley: vol 2 *Evolution's high priest*. London: Michael Joseph.
Gregor Mendel

**Gregor Johann Mendel** (Heinzendorf, Austria, 20 July 1822 – Brünn, Austro-Hungary, 6 January 1884) ek Austrian monk aur botanist rahaa. Uu genetics ke suruu karis rahaa aapan experiment jisme uu pea plant ke breed karis, ke baad me. Uu dominant aur recessive characters (genes) ke paais, aapan greenhouse me experiment kare ke baad. Jon kuchh uu paais rahaa ke aajkal Mendelian inheritance bola jaawe hae.

## References

* Iltis, Hugo 1932. *Life of Mendel*, transl. by Eden & Cedar Paul. Allen & Unwin, London. German original: *Gregor Mendel: Leben, Werk und Wirkung*. Springer, Berlin 1924.

## Duusra websites
* Mendel's Paper in English
* Mendel Museum of Genetics 
* 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia entry, "Mendel, Mendelism"
* Online Mendelian Inheritence in Man
* Augustinian Abbey of St. Thomas at Brno 
* Johann Gregor Mendel: Why his discoveries were ignored for 35 (72) years
Chaal-chalan

**Chaal-chalan** ke dui matlab hoe sake hae. Sahaj me me iske matlab hae uu koi chij jon ki perr nai to janwar kare hae. Chaal-chalan hos (conscious) me nai to behos me hoe sake hae. Ii inherited nait to sikha jaae sake hae. Ii sabd ke koi ek pranali (system) aur masiin, jon waatawaran se interact kare hae, ke khaatir bhi kaam me laawa jaawe hae. Ii sabd achchhaa se defined nai hae.

Tajarba (experiment) me chaal-chalan dekha jaawe waala reaction hae jab ek jiu ke uksaawa jaawe hae. Kuch jiu, duusra se aur jaada complicated rahe hae aur aapan aas-paas ke baare me jaad akhayal rakkhe hae. Sab koi ke chaal-chalan hos me rahe hae tab uu jaane hae ki kon chij hoe hae. Behos chaal-chalan ke jiu ke ii pataa nai hoe hai ki konchi hoe hae.

Insaan, bina soche,  aapan haanth ke pichhe khiich le agar uu mistake se koi garam chij ke chhui le hae. Iske kaaran hae ki hamlog (aur duusra jaanwar) ek nervous system ke inherit karis hae, jisme hamlog ke reflexes uu chij se duur kare hae jisse koi piirra hoe sake hae.

Chaal-chalan, nervous system ke saathe endocrine system se jurraa hae. Jan nervous system react kare hae aur jaane hae ki kon chij hoe hae, hormone system aur dhire kaam kare hae. Isse kuchh rakam ke chaal-chalan jaada nai to kamti hoe sake hae. Jaise chaal-chalan badle hae jab ek bachchaa barraa hoe ke admii.aurat ban jaawe hae. Isme dher rakam ke hormone rahe hae jon barrhai aur chaal-chalan pe asar kare hae.

Chaal-chalan, sikchhaa se jurraa nai hae. Jon jiu jaada jatil (complicated) hae uu aur achchhaa se sikhe hae kamti jatil jiu ke milan me. Lekin ekdan sadhaaran jaanwar habituation dekhae hae jon ek puraana rakam ke sikchhaa hae. Jiu ke khaatir sikchhaa ke matlab hae ki uu aapan chal-chalan ke badle hae, kaaheki uu ii situation ke pahile dekis hae aur jaane hae ki ab konchi kare ke chaahi.

Log jaada kar ke "chaal-chalan" sabd ke ii rakam se itimaal kare hae, ki log ek duusre se kaise interact kare hae. Larrkan ke ii sikhaawa jaawe hae ki achchhaa chaal-chalan aur kharaan chaal-chalan kon chij hae. Achchhaa chaal-chalan me benamr (polite) sahaa jaawa jaawe hae aur duusre ke baare me sochaa jaawe hae. Ii uu rakam ke chaal-chalan hae jiske samaj maange hae. 

## References
Prithvi Narayan Shah

**Prithvi Narayan Shah** (1723 - 1775), Gorkha Kingdom ke aakhri raja aur Kingdom of Nepal ke pahila rahaa. Uu Nepal ke ek banae ke suruu karis rahaa aur uske "Father of Nepal" maana jaae hae.
Alfred Russel Wallace

me lewa gais rahaa.

**Alfred Russel Wallace** (8 January 1823 – 7 November 1913) ek British naturalist, explorer, biologist aur social activist rahaa. Uske jaada kar ke theory of natural selection ke suruu kare khatir jaana jaawe hae. Iske 1858 me, Charles Darwin ke idea ke saathe, publish karaa gais rahaa.

Wallace, natural history ke baare me dher khoj karis rahaa. Pahile uu Amazon River basin gais, Henry Walter Bates ke saathe, aur baad me Malaya aur Indonesia. Uu ii duuno trip ke baare me book bhi likhis rahaa. Indonesia me uu *Wallace Line* draw karis, jon ki Indonesia ke dui hissa me baatis, ek taraf uu Australasia ke janwar aur duusra taraf Asia ke janwar. 

## References
Han Samrajya

**Han Samrajya** 202 BC me taagat me aais. Ii logan Confucianism aur Legalism ke maanat rahin. Iske Han Sythesis bola jaawat rahaa. Ii dynasty ke niche, China arts aur science me tarakki karis. Ii samrajya barraa hote gais. China duusra des se trade kare lagaa. Merchant log Silk Road le ke China pahunchin. Ii dynasty ke time China me Buddhism aais. 

## Duusra websites

* Han Dynasty by Minnesota State University 
* uber accident lawyer  Minnesota State University
* Dekorasyon 
* Han Dynasty art with video commentary, Minneapolis Institute of Arts
Tang Dynasty

**Tang Dynasty** (Chinese: 唐朝; Pinyin: Táng Cháo) (18 June 618–4 June 907) China ke ek imperial dynasty rahaa jon ki Sui Dynasty ke baad me rahaa aur iske baad Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period rahaa. Iske Li (李) palwaar suruu karis rahaa, jon ki Sui Empire ke khalaas hoe ke baad power me aae rahin. Ii dynasty ke kuchh din talak **Zhou Dynasty** (周) (16 October 690–3 March 705) bagal kar diis rahaa jab Empress Wu Zetian raj karis. 

## Duusra websites
* The Tang Dynasty , Minnesota State University Emuseum
* The Tang Dynasty at the Metropolitan Museum of Art
* Home of 300 Tang Poems, University of Virginia
* The Tang Dynasty  at AsianSpiritGallery.

## References
Lobamba

**Lobamba**, Swaziland ke legislative capital hae. Ii des ke west me Hhohho district me hae.Iske population lagbhag 10,000 jan hae .

## Notes
Mbabane

**Mbabane**, Africa ke des Swaziland ke capital city hae. Ii Mbabane River aur Polinjane River Mdimba Mountains me hae. Ii city Hhohho district me hae. Mbabane, Hhohho ke bhi capital hae. Ii city ke population lagbhag 70,000 jan hae.
Bucharest

**Bucharest**, Romania ke capital, aur sab se barraa city hae. Ii city ke population 2.3 million log hae

Ii city 9 sector me vibhajit hae. Iske mausam continental rakam hae lekin hian pe jaada humidity hae. Ii 1962 me Romania ke capital banaa rahaa. Ii European Union ke 6th sab se barraa city hae. Bucharest dher puraana city hae, jon ki 1459 se rahaa hae.
Muslim Inter-District Championship (Fiji) 2010

19 teams Fiji Muslim League ke 2010 ke Fiji Muslim Sports Association Inter District Championship me  Ba me Easter weekend (2 April - 5 April) me khelis. Teams ke chaar pool me baata gais.
: Pool A - Varavu, Maigania, Drasa, Nasinu, Valelevu
: Pool B - Ba, Sabeto, Tavua, Rewa, Makoi 
: Pool C - Rarawai, Lautoka, Cuvu, Navua, Maro
: Pool D - Nadi, Baimana, Sigatoka, Suva. 

Tournament ke organiser Mohammed Rafiq rahaa aur competition ke Fiji ke Attorney General Aiyaz Sayed Khaiyum officially open karis rahaa. Tournament ke technical director, Mohamed Sattar rahaa. 

Jiite waala team America me FANCA World Cup me kheli.

Last year ke winner Nasinu rahaa. 

## Result
### Pool A

### Pool B

### Pool C

### Pool D

### Quarter-finals

### Semi-finals

### Final

## Aur dekho
* Fiji me football



## References
Sanatan Inter-District Championship (Fiji) 2010

2010 Sanatan IDC, Lautoka ke Churchill Park me Easter Weekend (2 PAril - 5 April) me khela gais rahaa jisme 21 team hissa liis rahaa. Isme se ek team Auckland aur duusra team Brisbane ke rahaa.

Defending champion, New Zealand ke Manukau hae. Co-hosts hae Lautoka aur Drasa. 

Fiji Sanatan Youth and Sports ke secretary Deepak Sharma hae

## Pools

Teams ke chaar pool me baata gais rahaa:
:Pool 1: Manukau, Cuvu, Sigatoka, Navua, Tavua, Rewa
:Pool 2: Lautoka, Ba, Sabeto, Drasa, Tuva
:Pool 3: Tabia, Nasinu, Varavu, Ulusila, Suva
:Pool 4: Nadi, Votualevu, Seaqaqa, Brahman Sabha, Queensland.

## Result
### Pool 1

### Pool 2

### Pool 3

### Pool 4

### Quarter finals

### Semi finals

### Final

## References


## Aur dekho
* Fiji me football
Abbasid Samrajya

**Abbasid Samrajya** dui barraa Muslim caliphateof the Arab Empire me se ek rahaa. Ii Umayyad caliph ke, Al-Andalus chhorr ke aur sab jagha se hatae diis. Iske Muhammad ke sab se chhotaa uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib ke descendent logan banae rahin. Iske Harran me 750 me Christian era ke time me suruu karaa gais rahaa aur 762 AD me capital ke Baghdad me kar dewa gais. Ii 200 saal talak chalaa. Abbasidke raj 1258 me khalaas bhais, jab Hulagu Khan, Mongol conqueror, Baghdad ke destroy har diis. Lekin iske baad bhi uu logan Egypt se khaas kar ke dhram ke uppar aapan influence rakkhe rahin. 

## Notes

## Duusra websites
* Abbasids (750-1517)
* Abbasids the 2nd dynasty of caliphs
* Abbasid Caliphs (In Our Time, Radio 4), in Streaming RealAudio
* An On-Going Detailed Account of the History of the Abbasids from an Islamic perspective. Most of the narrations have been sifted through to avoid "biased" theories regardless if the historians as mentioned are Shiite or Sunni.
* Abbasid Caliphate  entry in Encyclopaedia Iranica
Gupta Samrajya

**Gupta Samrajya** pe Gupta dynasty 320 se lae ke 550 AD talak raj karis. Ii samrajya North-central India ke jaada hissa me rahaa, (lekin jon jagha pe abhi Pakistan hae iske niche kabhi nai rahaa); aur western India aurabhi ke Bangladesh. Gupta Samrajya ke time ke Golden Age of India, science, mathematics, astronomy, religion aur philosophy me batawa jaawe hae. Itihaas ke parrhe waala log Gupta dynasty ke Han Dynasty, Tang Dynasty aur Roman Empire ke baraa bar ke batae hae. Gupt log Brahmin Varna ke the.

Kuchh Gupta Raja rahin:
* Samudragupta
* Ramagupta
* Chandragupta II
* Kumaragupta I
* Skandagupta
* Narasimhagupta
* Buddhagupta
* Purugupta
* Vishnugupta
* Pushpak Gupta

## Duusra websites
* Frontline Article on Gupta Period Art

+Golden Coins
THe Guptas were the first to introduce a coinage across their empire.This showed both their wealth-as some coins were trying to unify the empire by using the same coins over the empire.

## References
Sangam Inter-District Championship (Fiji) 2010

2010 TIV Sangam IDC Suva ke TFL National Stadium me Easter Weekend (2 April - 5 April) me khela gais rahaa. 55 team ii chaar din ke competition me bhaag le hae, jisme se paanch veteran team 17 Super Premier, 16 Premier aur 17 senior division ke saathe ii chaar din ke tounament me, jon ki Sangam Conventionke saathe suruu hoe, me bhaag lii.

Sab football matches saat grounds (Stadium, Bidesi, Buckhurst, USP G1, USP G2, Suva Grammar G1, and Suva Grammar G2) me khela jaaii. 

Super Premier ke defending champion Lautoka hae.

## Pools
:Super Premier: 
::Pool 1- Lautoka, Auckland, Solovi, Malolo, Tavua; 
::Pool 2- Ba, Suva, Vitogo, Navua; 
::Pool 3- Hamilton, Middlemore, Lovu, Tabucola; 
::Pool 4- Nadi, Rifle Range, Nalovo, Drasa.

:Premier: 
::Pool 1- Labasa, Lomawai, Lomolomo, Sydney; 
::Pool 2- Vunivau/Batinikama, Vatiyaka, Bucaisau, Dreketi; 
::Pool 3- Melbourne, Nadroga, Nasinu, Namaka; 
::Pool 4- Rewa, Rakiraki, Waitakere United, Uciwai.

:Senior: 
::Pool 1- Raviravi/Tavarau, Koronubu, Vunisamaloa, Nadovi, Etatoko; 
::Pool 2- Savusavu, Chinakoti, Banaras/Topline, Nadrala; 
::Pool 3- Northshore, Tagitagi, Waikato, Valley Sangam; 
::Pool 4- Queensland, Sabeto, Wellington, Saweni.

:Veterans: 
::Sydney, West One, West Two, South One, South Two.

## Results

### Super Premier
#### Pool 1

#### Pool 2

#### Pool 3

#### Pool 4

#### Quarter-finals

#### Semi-finals

#### Final

### Premier
#### Pool 1

#### Pool 2

#### Pool 3

#### Pool 4

#### Quarter-finals

#### Semi-finals

#### Final

### Senior
#### Pool 1

#### Pool 2

#### Pool 3

#### Pool 4

#### Quarter-finals

#### Semi-finals

#### Final

### Veterans
#### Semi-finals

#### Final

## References




## Aur dekho
* Fiji me football
Gujarati Inter-District Championship (Fiji) 2010

**2010 Gujarati Iter-District Championship** Easter weekend (2 - 4 April) me Nadi ke Pronce Charles Park me khela gais rahaa. Isme chhe team hissa liin rahaa. Pool ke game me sab team ek duusre se ek dafe khelin. Chaar top team semi-final ke khatir qualify bhais. Defending champion, Nadi ii championship ke fir se jiit ke New India Assurance trophy ke ek aur saal talak rakh liin.

## Results
### Round-robin khel

### Semi-finals

### Final

Ii rakam se Nadi Gujarati Inter District Championship title ke tiin saal ek row me jiitis. Nadi ke coach Ronald Mar rahaa.

## References



## Aur dekho
* Fiji me football
Tahiti

**Tahiti**, southern Pacific Ocean ke ek island hae. Ii French Polynesia ke ek hissa hae. Iske sab se barraa city, Papeete hae. 169 674 jan hian pe rahe hae (2002). Hian pe French aur Tahitian me baat karaa jaawe hae aur duuno official bhasa hae.
South Pacific Games Football - 2003

2003 South Pacific Games Football ke Fiji me , 30 June se lae ke 30 July 2003 talak khela gais rahaa. , , , , , , ,  football khatir register nai bhais rahaa.

## Match results
### Group A

* withdrew, so all Guam matches were cancelled.

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#### Group B

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#### Semi Finals

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#### Bronze medal match

#### Gold medal match

## References

* Sporting Pulse 
* South Pacific Games 2003 (Fiji)