Charles Dickens

**Charles Dickens** ke janam 7 February 1812 ke Portsmouth, England me bhaes rahaa.  Uske baap rahaa, John Dickens, ek naval pay clerk, aur maiya rahii Elizabeth Barrow.

Jab Dickens paanch saal ke rahaa tab uske palwaar Chatham chal diin, aur paanch saal ke baad uu logan Camden, London me jaae ke rahe lagin. Dickens ek factory me kaam karis jab uske baap jahel me rahaa. Uske factory ke experience uske book lokhe me kaam diis.

Dickens ke book me rahaa *Oliver Twist*, *Great Expectations*, *David Copperfield*, *Nicholas Nickelby* and *The Old Curiosity Shop*, *A Christmas Carol*.  Charles Dickens ke maut 9 June, 1870 me bhaes.

## Bachpan ke din

Charles John Huffam Dickens ke janam 7 February 1812 me 1 Mile End Terrace (abi ke 393 Commercial Road), Landport, Portsea Island me (Portsmouth), Hampshire bhais rahaa. Uu  of Elizabeth Dickens (née Barrow; 1789–1863) aur John Dickens (1785–1851) ke aath larrkan me se duusra rahaa. Uske pitaji  Royal Navy Pay Office me el clerk rahaa aur   temporarily ii district me stationed rahaa. Uu Christopher Huffam,  Royal Navy ke ek rigger aur ek  established firm ke heas, ke Charles ke  godfather bane ke puuchis rahaa. Huffam ke  Paul Dombey, jon ek shipping company ke malik Dickens ke novel *[[Dombey and Son]]* (1848) me rahaa, ke inspiration maana jaawe hae.

January 1815 me, John Dickens ke London balaawa gais rahaa, aur uske palwaar  Norfolk Street, Fitzrovia me jaae ke rahe lagaa. Jab Charles chaar saal ke rahaa tab uulog Sheerness aur iske baad Chatham, Kent me rahat rahin, jahaan pe uu aapan bhachpan ke din rahis , 11 saal ke umar talak. Uske bachpan ke din achchhaa rahaa, lekin uu apne ke  "bahut chhotaa aur achchhaa se nai dekhaa gais larrkaa " sochat rahaa.

Charles ghar se baahar jaada samay spend karis rahaa, lekin uu dher parrhat bhi rahaa, jisme  Tobias Smollett aur Henry Fielding kepicaresque novels rahaa, aur iske saathe *[[Robinson Crusoe]]* aur *[[Gil Blas]]*. Uu *[[The Arabian Nights]]* ke dher dafe parrhis rahaa aur "TheCollected Farces of Elizabeth Inchbald". Saat saal ke umar me, uu pahila dafe Joseph Grimaldi—modern clowning ke father— ke perform karte  Star Theatre Rochester, Kent me dekhis rahaa. Uu baad me Grimaldi ke clowning ke dher dafe nakal utaris rahaa, aur *[[Memoirs of Joseph Grimaldi]]* ke edit karis rahaa. Uske aapan bachpan ke time achchhaa se yaad rahaa , jiske uu aapan lekh me kaam me laais rahaa. Uske pitaji ke kuchh din ke kaam  Navy Pay Office ke clerk ke ruup me, ke kaaran uske kuchh din ke  private education milaa rahaa, pahile ek  dame school me aur baad me  ek school jiske William Giles, ek dissenter, Chatham me chalaat rahaa.

Ii time June 1822 me khalaas bhais, jab John Dickens ke Navy Pay Office headquarters Somerset House me balaawa gais rahaa aur uske palwaar (Charles ke chhorr ke, jon pichchhe ruk ke aapan school ke aakhri term ke khalaas karis)  Camden Town, London mr jaae ke rahe lagin. Uske palwaar  Kent ke chhorre rahin dher karjaa me, aur John Dickens ke uske  creditors uske Marshalsea debtors' prison  Southwark, London me, 1824 me jahel karae de rahin. Uske aurat are sab se chhotaa larrkan uske saathe jahel me rahin, jaise uutime howat rahaa.. Charles, jon uutime 12 saal ke rahaa, Elizabeth Roylance, palwaar ke ek dost, 112 College Place, Camden Town  me rahat rahaa. Mrs Roylance  "a reduced impoverished old lady, long known to our family", jiske baare me baad me Dickens likhis rahaa, "with a few alterations and embellishments", as "Mrs Pipchin" in *Dombey and Son* me. Baad me uu ek back-attic me ek ghar jon ek agent for rahin Insolvent Court, Archibald Russell, "ek motaa, achchhaa nature ke , dayalu buddhaa admii ... jiske ek chuppi burrhiyaa aurat rahaa " aur ek langrraa larrkaa, Lant Street, Southwark me. Isse uske inspiration  Garlands in *[[The Old Curiosity Shop]]* ke khaatir milaa rahaa.

Etwaar ke—aapan bahini, Frances ke saathe, jon uutime aapan parrhai  Royal Academy of Music se free rahat rahii— uu din ke Marshalsea me bitais rahaa. Dickens baad me jahel ke aapan book me   *[[Little Dorrit]]* ke setting banais rahaa. Aapan rahe ke kharchaa aur aapan palwaar ke madat kare ke khaatir, Dickens ke school chhorr  Warren's Blacking Warehouse, on Hungerford Stairs me 10 ghantaa roj ke kaam kare ke parraa rahaa. Ii abhi ke  Charing Cross railway station ke nagiich rahaa, jahaan pe uske chhe shillings haftaa milat rahaa,  pots of boot blacking me labels chapkae  ke. Ii karraa kaam ke asar  Dickens pe rahaa aur uske  fiction aur essays ke influence karis rahaa, jon khaas kaaran rahaa ki uu reform of socio-economic aur labour conditions me interest liis rahaa, jon uu sochat rahaa ki garib jaada sahat rahin. Uu baad me likhis rahaa: "how I could have been so easily cast away at such an age".

Jab warehouse ke hatae ke Chandos Street ,  Covent Garden ke busy jagha me karaa gais rahaa, tab larrkaa logan ek room me kaam karat rahin jon ek street me khulat rahaa. Kuch log batur ke uulog ke dekhar rahin.  Dickens ke biographer Simon Callow ke estimation me, ii public display "a new refinement added to his misery" rahaa.

 
Uske kahek jaae ke kuchh din baad, John Dickens, Elizabeth Dickens ke maiyaa, mar gais aur uske £450 milaa rahaa. Ii paisa mile ke kaaran , Dickens ke jahel se chhorr sewa gais rahaa.  Insolvent Debtors Act ke niche, Dickens aapan  creditors ke paisa diis, aur uu aur uske palwaar Marshalsea se bahaae aae gain,  Mrs Roylance ke ghar me jaae ke rahe lagin.

## References

## Duusra websites
* Charles Dickens mobile ebooks