open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Kapok

**[[Kapok]]** (Scientific naam: *Ceiba pentandra*, English: *Kapok*, Kaiviti: *Kapok*) ek rakam ke barraa perr hae jisme se rui nikaal ke takia aur gadda me bhara jaae hae. Ii perr 60-70 m (200-230 ft) uuncha aur iske trunk 3 m (10 ft) talak diameter me rahe hae.

## Gallery

Image:Kapok leaves I IMG 5949.jpg|Kapok leaves in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. 
Image:Kapok Fruit I IMG 3839.jpg|Kapok Fruit in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Image:Kapok bark I IMG 2556.jpg|Kapok bark in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Image:Ceiba_pentandra_MS4104.JPG|Buttress roots
Image:Ceiba_pentandra_cortex_hg.jpg|Cortex
Image:Ceiba_pentandra_fruit_out_hg.jpg|Fruit
Badminton

**Badminton** ek rakam ke khel hae jisme dui nai to chaar jane khele hae. Ii rakam se chaahe ek khilaarri duusra khilaarri ke virod me khele hae nai to dui khilaarri logan, dui aur khilaari ke virod me khele hae. Khilaarri logan ek racquet ke kaam me laae ke ek shuttlecock ke net ke uppar se maare hae.

Ii game ke iea i hae ki shuttlecock ke net ke uppar se ii rakam se maaro ki duusra side waala khilaarri iskme maare nai paawe hae. Shuttlecork ke mare ke time i shyan me rakkhe ke chaahi ki ii court se baahar jaae ke nai gire hae. 

## Duusra websites
* International Badminton Federation
* Kum Beji Rengi 
* Badminton Central
Fencing

**Fencing** ek rakam ke khel hae jisme dui log talwaar ke le  ke ek dusre se laree hae. Ii khel me point banawa jaawe hae. 

## Dusra websites

*Fédération Internationale d'Escrime The organisation responsible for all international fencing
Backgammon

**Backgammon** ek rakam ke board pe khele waala game hae jiske dui jane khele hae. 

## Duusra websites
*http://p0ker.ro  

## References
Go (board game)

**Go** ek rakam ke board game hae, jiske Chinese me *Wei-chi* aur Japanese me *I-Go* bola jaawe hae. Iske dui jane board pe, dui colour ke piece use kar ke khele hae 

## Duusra websites
* http://senseis.xmp.net is the largest Wiki about Go

## References
Patta

**Patta** uu 54 card waala khel hae jisse turup, tanni, pick 2, jaise game khela jaawe hae.

## Duusra websites
Card game rules
Aptar Singh

**Aptar Singh**,Fiji ke ek politician rahaa jon ki National Federation Party ke supporter rahaa. 1992 ke election me uu Tailevu/Ra East/Lomaiviti/Lau/Rotuma Indian Constituency se Fiji ke House of Representatives me chuna gais rahaa. 1994 ke election me u fir se i seat ke jiitis rahaa. 1999 ke election aur 2001 ke election me uu Tailevu Rewa Indian Communal Constituency, se kharraa bhais rahaa lekin duno time uu Fiji Labour Party ke candidate se haar gais rahaa.
Shiu Sharan Sharma

**Shiu Sharan Sharma**, Fiji ke ek politician rahaa jon ki Fiji Labour Party ke support karat rahaa. 1992 ke election me uu Nawaka/Sabeto Indian Constituency se Fiji ke House of Representatives me chuna gais rahaa. 1994 ke election me uu ii constituency se fir se chuna gais rahaa. 1999 ke election me uu [[Nadi Rural Indian Communal Constituency se chuna gais rahaa aur Chaudhry Sarkar me Minister for Works and Energy rahaa.  19 May 2000 ke Sharma, uu 43 People's Coalition Government members me se ek rahaa jiske  George Speight and his band of rebel Republic of Fiji Military Forces (RFMF) soldiers from the Counter Revolutionary Warfare Unit hostage banae liis rahaa. Uske 12 July 2000 ke chorraa gais rahaa.

## References
Charan Jeath Singh

Charan Jeath Singh, Fiji ke ek politician rahaa, jon ki National Federation Party ke supporter rahaa. 1992 ke election me uu Macuata West Indian Constituency (Fiji) 1992 - 1999 se Fiji ke House of Representatives me chuna gais rahaa. 1994 ke election me uu fir se ii constituency se jiitis. 

1992 me uu Ratepayers' Association ke taaf se Labasake mayor chuna gais rahaa2 lekin 1995 ke election me uske Association, Labasa Town Council ke control Fiji Labour Party se haar gais. 

1999 ke election me uu  Labasa Indian Communal Constituency se, United National Labour Party (UNLP) ke taraf se kharraa bhais lekin uske khaali 10% vote mila.

Sitting member ke maut ke baad uu  December 2003 me Labasa Rural Indian Communal Constituency ke  National Federation Party (NFP) ke bagal se contest karis lekin, jab ki uu NFP ke vote 50% se barrhais , lekin fir bhi haar gais.

[2006 ke electionb me uu Vanua Levu West Indian Communal Constituency se fNational Alliance Party (NAPF)ke taraf se kharraa bhais lekin uske khaali 14% vote mila.

2008 me uu Fiji People's Party ke Geneal Secretary rahaa. 

## References
1660

**1660** (MDCLX), ek leap saal rahaa jon  bif ke roj suruu bhais rahaa. Ii  2nd millennium ke 660th aur 17th century 60th saal rahaa,  aur  1660s dassak ke pahila saal rahaa. Ii saal Vikram Samvat (Hindu) ke 1716-1717, Shaka Samvat (Hindu) ke 1581-1582, Kali Yuga ke 4760-4761, Buddhist calendar ke 2204, Islamic calendar ke 1070-1071, aur Nanakshashi calendar ke 192 saal rahaa. 

## Ghatna

* 1660 – Robert Boyle experiment kar ke Boyle's law ke paais rahaa, jon gas ke  pressure aur volume ke relate kare hae (1662 me publish karaa gais rahaa)

## Janam
## Maut

* 6 August – **[[Diego Velázquez]]**, ek Spanish painter rahaa, jiske maut Madrid, Spain me bhais rahaa. (janam: 6 June 1599)

## References
1599

**1599 (MDXCIX)** ek sadhaaran saal rahaa, jon suk ke roj suruu bhais rahaa. Ii  2nd millennium ke 599th aur 16th century ke 99th saal rahaa,  aur  1590s dassak ke 10th saal rahaa. Ii saal Vikram Samvat (Hindu) ke 1655-1656, Shaka Samvat (Hindu) ke 1520-1521, Kali Yuga ke 4699-4700, Buddhist calendar ke 2143, Islamic calendar ke 1007-1008, aur Nanakshashi calendar ke 131 saal rahaa. 

## Ghatna
## Janam

* 22 March - **[[Anthony van Dyck]]**, Netherlands ke chitrkaar, ke janam Antwerp me bhais rahaa.

* 6 June – **[[Diego Velázquez]]**, ek Spanish painter rahaa, jiske janam Seville, Spain me bhais rahaa. (maut: 6 August 1660)

## Maut
## References
1805

**1805** ek sadharan saal rahaa jon ki mangar ke roj suruu bhais rahaa.

## Ghatna

## Janam

* 2 April – **[[Hans Christian Andersen]]** ek Danish lekhak aur kavi rahaa, jiske janam Odesne, Denmark me bhais rahaa. (maut: 4 August 1875)

## Maut

## References
United National Labour Party (Fiji)

**United National Labour Party (UNLP)**, Fiji ke ek political party rahaa, jon ki 1999 ke election me Vanua Levu ke Indian Communal aur National Constituency me candidate kharra karis rahaa. Fiji Labour Party aur National Federation Party ke saamne iske bahut kamtii Hindustani vote milaa.

April 1999 me Fiji Labour Party ke protest ke baad, Supervisor of Elections, UNLP ke deregister kar diis lekin baad me Fiji ke High Court ii deciion pe stay kar diis jisse ki UNLP 1999 ke election me hissa le sake. 

Iske candidate rahin:
* Mehi Lal - Macuata East Open
* Chitra Singh - Labasa Open
* Ramesh Chand - Bua Macuata West Open
* Dayal Patel - Macuata East Cakaudrove Indian Communal
* Niranjan Kaur - Labasa Rural Indian Communal
* Charan Jeath Singh - Labasa Indian Communal

## References
Justice and Freedom Party (Fiji)

**Justice and Freedom Party** (JFP), jiske** AIM** ke naam se bhi jaana jaawat rahaa, Fiji ke ek chhota political party rahaa jiske 2000 me Fiji ke Hindustani ke unnati ke khatir suruu karaa gais rahaa, aur jon 2001 ke election me kuchh candidate kharraa karis rahaa lekin uske 0.1 percent se kamti vote mila.  Iske General Secretary , Dildar Shah rahaa.

2001 ke election me iske candidate rahin:
* Manoj Singh - Bua Macuata West Open Constituency
* Aleem Shah - Labasa Indian Communal Constituency
* Umesh Chand - Labasa Rural Indian Communal Constituency
* Dildar Shah - Vanua Levu West Indian Communal Constituency

2006 ke election ke taiyaari me 3 April ke JFP aapan manifesto publish karis jisme uu ii waada karis ki uu Commonwealth of Nations aur United Nations ke petition kar ke ii maang kai ki United Kingdom aur Australia, Fiji me Hindustani logan ke laawe ke responsibility le. JFP, ii bhi waada karis ki  Fiji ke Hindustani larrkan ke khatir ek $10 million dollar ke scholarship fund banawa jaai. Ii Party Fiji ke Hindustani logan ke khatir dual citizenship ke bhi maang karis jisme Australia aur UNited States me rahe waala Fiji ke Hindustani ke Fiji ke bhi citizenship dewa jaae aur Fiji me rahe waala Hindustani ke United Kingdom ke citizenship dewa jaae.  

7 April ke JFP  National Alliance Party of Fiji se mil gais aur Shah aur uske aur kuchh member ke Party ke ticket mila

## References
* List of Political Parties
1747

**1747** (MDCCXLVII), ek sadhaaran rahaa jon  etwaar ke roj suruu bhais rahaa. Ii Julian calendar ke 1747th,  2nd millennium ke 747th aur 18th century ke 47th saal rahaa,  aur  1740s dassak ke t8h saal rahaa. Ii saal Vikram Samvat (Hindu) ke 1803-1804, Shaka Samvat (Hindu) ke 1668-1669, Kali Yuga ke 4847-4848, Buddhist calendar ke 2291, Islamic calendar ke 1159-1160, aur Nanakshashi calendar ke 279 saal rahaa.

## Ghatna
* **[[Afghanistan]]** ke ajaadi Persia se mila
## Janam
## Maut
## References
1822

**1822** ek leap saal rahaa jon ki mangar ke roj suruu bhais rahaa.

## Ghatna
* 7 September - **[[Brazil]]**, Portugal se ajaad bhais.

## Janam

* 27 April - America ke 18th President, **[[Ulysses S. Grant]]**, ke janam Ohio me bhais rahaa.

## Maut
## References
1644

**1644** (MDCXLIV) ek leap saal rahaa, jon suk ke din suruu bhais rahaa.  Ii  2nd millennium ke 644th aur 17th century 44th saal rahaa,  aur  1640s dassak ke 5th saal rahaa. Ii saal Vikram Samvat (Hindu) ke 1700-1701, Shaka Samvat (Hindu) ke 1565-1566, Kali Yuga ke 4744-4745, Buddhist calendar ke 2188, Islamic calendar ke 1053-1054, aur Nanakshashi calendar ke 176 saal rahaa. 

## Ghatna

## Janam

**[[Matsuo Bashō]]**, jon ki ek Japanese kavi rahaa, ke janam Matsuo, Kinsaku, Japan me bhias rahaa. (maut:  28 November 1694)

## Maut

## References
Coronel Fabriciano

**Coronel Fabriciano** (Portuguese), Brazil ke Minas Gerais ke city hai.

Iske area 456,0 km² aur population 105.037 log hai.

## Duusra websites

* Coronel Fabriciano Official Home Page  (in Portuguese)
* Câmara Official Home Page  (in Portuguese)
* Coronel Fabriciano Wikipédia (in Portuguese)
1694

**1694** (MDCLX), ek sadhaaran saal rahaa jon  suk ke roj suruu bhais rahaa. Ii  2nd millennium ke 694th aur 17th century 94th saal rahaa,  aur  1690s dassak ke 5th saal rahaa. Ii saal Vikram Samvat (Hindu) ke 1750-1751, Shaka Samvat (Hindu) ke 1615-1616, Kali Yuga ke 4794-4795, Buddhist calendar ke 2238, Islamic calendar ke 1105-1106, aur Nanakshashi calendar ke 226 saal rahaa. 

## Ghatna

## Janam

## Maut
## Maut

* 28 November - **[[Matsuo Bashō]]**, jon ki ek Japanese kavi rahaa, ke janam Matsuo, Kinsaku, Japan me bhias rahaa. (janam:  1644)

## References
Tax

**Tax**, uu paisa hae jon ki log sarkar ke bhare hae. Ii paisa, income tax, goods and services tax , customs duty, stamp duty jaise rakam se bharaa jaawe hae. Sarkar tax se lewa gais paisa se sarkar ke chlawe hae aur log ke social services aur surakchha de hae.
Industry

Economics me dher rakam ke manufacturing aur services ke group me karaa jaawe hae jiske **industries** bola jaawe hae. Dher rakam ke industry hae, jaise kimining, farming aur logging.

## References
Tara

Ek **tara**, outer space me ek barraa waala gas ke ball hae. Ii jaada kar ke Hydrogen, thorraa Helium aur kuch aur element se banaa hae. Iske biich me gravity ke taagat etna jaada hae ki iske garmi se Hydrogen atoms duusra Hydrogen atom se mil ke Helium banae de hae. Iske nuclear fusion bolaa jaawe hae. Isme se jon energy nikle hae, uu dhire dhire nikal ke hajaro saal ke baad ghaam ke rup me dharti pe aae ke pahuche hae.

## Taara ke dekhe waala itihaas

Itihaas me , taara dunia bhar ke log ke khaatir bahmulya hae. Taara, dharmik, divination rituals, mythology ke khaatir kaam me laawa gais hae. Taara ke kaam me laae ke  navigate  karaa jaae sake hae. Tarra se mausam mark karaa jaawe hae aur isse calendar bhi bane hae. 

Puraana astronomers  "fixed taara", jiske position  celestial sphere me badle nai hae, aur "wandering taara" (grah), jon fixed taara ke relative aapan  position ke badle hae din, nai to hafta me, ke biich me antar jaanat rahin.  Dher puraama astronomers biswas karat rahin ke taara heavemly sphere me fixed rahe hae believed that the stars were permanently affixed to a heavenly sphere aur ii hate nai hae. Astronomer log ii taara ke  asterisms aur constellation me group kare rahin aur iske kaam me laae ke grah aur Syraj ke position ke track karat rahin.  Suraj ke movement  background stars (and the horizon) ke aage ke kaam me laae ke calendars banaawa jaawat rahaa, jiske kaam me laae ke kheti karaa jaae hae.  Gregorian calendar, jiske abhi dunia bhar me kaam me laawa jaawe hae, ek  solar calendar hae, jon dunia ke  rotational axis relative to its local taara, Suraj ke kaam me laawe hae.

Sab se puraana taara ke chart jon kaafi accurate rahaa,  puraana Egyptian astronomy ke nayija rahaa, 1534&nbsp;BC me.  Sab se puraana taara ke catalogue ke Mesopotamia ke Babylonian astronomers late 2nd millennium BC, Kassite Period () me banae rahin.

Greek astronomy ke pahila taara  catalogue ke Aristillus lagbhag 300&nbsp;BC, me  Timocharis ke madat se banais rahaa.    Hipparchus (2nd century BC) ke taara me 1,020 taara rahaa, aur iske kaam me laae ke Ptolemy ke taara catalogue banaawa gais rahaa. Hipparchus ke sab se pahila "nawaa taara" ke paawe ke khatir credit karaa jaawe hae. Dher constellation aur taara ke naam Greek astronomy se aais hae.

## References
20th century

**20th century**, 1 January 1901 ke suruu bhais aur 31 December 2000 ke khalaas bhais. ii 2nd millennium ke 10th aur aakhri century rahaa. Ii century ke suruu me dunia ke population 1.6 billion rahaa aur khalaas hoe pe 6.2 billion rahaa.
1960s

**1960s** ke dassak (decade) 1 January 1960 se suruu bhais rahaa aur 31 December 1969 ke khalaas bhais rahaa. Ii 20th century ke 7th decade rahaa.

Ii dassak me America aur Russia ke biich me Space race bhias aur isle ant me America pahila admi ke chand pe utaaris. Ii decade bhar Vietnam War chalaa, jisse America ke social aur economic jindagi pe asar parraa.
21st century

**21st century**, 1 January 2001 me suruu bhais aur 31 December 2100 me khalaas hoi. Ii century suruu bhais rahaa, aatankwaad se dar se jab 11 September 2001 ke attack bhais rahaa.
19th century

**19th century**, 1 January 1801 me suruu bhais aur 31 December 1900 me khalaas hoi. Ii century me dher social badlao bhais rahaa; jaise ki gulami ke America aur Europe me band karaa gais rahaa.
1970s

**1970s** ke dassak (decade) 1 January 1970 se suruu bhais rahaa aur 31 December 1979 ke khalaas bhais rahaa. Ii 20th century ke 8th decade rahaa.

Ii dassak me Vietnam War khalaas bhais aur Communist logan puura Indo-China pe raj kare lagin. Bangladesh, India ke sahaetaa se ajaad bhais. Iran me Ayatollah Khomeini Shah ke hatae ke ek Islamic Republic banais.
1980s

**1980s** ke dassak (decade) 1 January 1980 se suruu bhais rahaa aur 31 December 1989 ke khalaas bhais rahaa. Ii 20th century ke 9th decade rahaa.

Ii dassak me Cold War khalaas bhais aur USSR tuut gais
1990s

**1990s** ke decade 1 January 1990 se suruu bhais rahaa aur 31 December 1999 ke khalaas bhais rahaa. Ii 20th century ke 10th decade rahaa.

Ii decade ke post Cold War decade ke naam se jaana jaae hae. Ii decade me Soviet Union tut gais aur dunia ke abaadi jor se barrhaa.
2020s

**2020s**, jiske "twenty-twenties" nai to "two thousand twenties" bhi bola jaawe hae, abhi waala decade hae, jon  1 January 2020 me suruu bhais rahaa aur 31 December 2029 me khalaas hoi. Ii 21st century ke tiisra dassak hae.

Ii dassak COVID-19 pandemic se suruu bhais rahaa. March 2020 se May 2023 talak global state of emergency.
2030s

**2030s**, jiske "twenty-thirties",nai to "two thousand and thirties" bhi bola jaawe hae, ke dassak (decade) 1 January 2030 ke suruu hoi aur 31 December 2039 ke khalaas hoi. Ii 21st century ke chauthaa dassak rahii.

Ii decade me:
* NASA Mars pe admii ke 2030 talak bheje ke plan karis hae.
* Glasgow Climate pact aim karat rahaa ke 2030 ke carbon dioxide emissions, 2010 se 55% kamtii rahii.
* WHO aur UNICEF ek goal banais jisme sab log ke 2030 talak sanitation  available rahii.
2040s

**2040s** ke dassak (decade) 1 January 2040 ke suruu hoi aur 31 December 2049 ke halaas hoi. Ii 21st century ke 5th decade rahii. 

Ii aasraa karaa jaae hae ki ii dassak ke khalaas hoe talak dunia me Greenhouse gas emissions, net zero rahii.
2012

'
**** (MMXII) ek leap saal rahaa, jon etwaar ke din suruu bhais rahaa.  Ii  3rd millennium aur 21st century 12th saal rahaa,  aur  2010s dassak ke 3rd saal rahaa. Ii saal Vikram Samvat (Hindu) ke 2068-2069, Shaka Samvat (Hindu) ke 1933-1934, Kali Yuga ke 5112-5113, Buddhist calendar ke 2556, Islamic calendar ke 1434-1435, aur Nanakshashi calendar ke 544 saal rahaa. 

## Ghatna

* 4 July - China ke **[[Three Gorges Dam]]** ke banae ke khalaas karaa gais
* 20 July - **[[Ikbal Jannif]]** ke University of the South Pacific ke pro-Chancellor banaaawa guais.

## Janam

## Maut
* 17 May - Moti Tikaram,  jon ki Fiji ke pahila Hindustani magistrate, judge, ombudsman rahaa.

* 18 July - Hindi film actor, **Rajesh Khanna** ke maut Mumbai, India me kidney ke bamaari ke kaaran se bhais. (janam: 29 December 1942)
* 25 August - American astronaut rahaa, jon ki chandarma me utre waala pahila insaan rahaa me 1969 satha Buzz Aldrin, **[[Neil Armstrong]]** (janam: 5 August 1930)

* 11 December - **[[Ravi Shankar]]**, Indian sitar ke bajaae waala aur composer, ke maut San Diego, California, [USA] me bhais rahaa.

== Chhutti aur teohaar ==
* [1 January - Fiji me **Nawaa Saal** ke chhutti rahii
* 6 February - Fiji me **Prophet Mohammed ke birthday** khatir chhutti rahi.
* 6 April - Fiji me **Good Friday** ke chhutti rahi 
* 9 April - Fiji me **Easter Monday** ke chhutti rahi 
* 11 June - Fiji me **Queen's Birthday** ke chhutti rahi.
* 10 October - Fiji me **Fiji Day** ke chhutti rahi.
* 13 November - Fiji me **Diwali** ke chhutti rahi.
* 25 December - Fiji me **Barraa Din** ke chhutti rahi.
* 26 December - Fiji me **Boxing Day** ke chhutti rahi.
* 28 April - 13 May - First term ke chhutti
* 18 August - 2 September - Second term ke chutti
* 1 December - Third term ke chutti suruu hoi

## References
2013

**** (MMXIII) ek leap sadhaaran saal rahaa, jon mangar ke din suruu bhais rahaa.  Ii  3rd millennium aur 21st century 13th saal rahaa,  aur  2010s dassak ke 4th saal rahaa. Ii saal Vikram Samvat (Hindu) ke 2069-2070, Shaka Samvat (Hindu) ke 1934-1935, Kali Yuga ke 5113-5114, Buddhist calendar ke 2557, Islamic calendar ke 1435-1436, aur Nanakshashi calendar ke 545 saal rahaa. 

## Ghatna
* 5 March - New Zealand ke census ii dekhias ki huwaan 52,755 jan Fiji mepaida bhaerahin, jisme se 38,310 Hindustani rahin

## Janam

## Maut

* 11 April - Maria Tallchief, America ke ballet nachaniyaa ke maut Chicago, Illinois me bhais rahaa.
* 12 July - Bollywood film actor, **[[Pran]]**, ke maut Mumbai, Maharashtra, India me bhais rahaa. (janam:12 February 1920)

* 27 September - Ba are Fiji ke soccer ek mashuur khilaarri, aur soccer coach Farouk Janeman ke maut hoe gais. (Janam: 1953)

*5 December - South Africa ke freedom fighter, Nelson Mandela ke maut Johannesburg me bhais

* 14 December - **[[Peter O'Toole]]**, Great Britain ke actor ke maut London me bhais rahaa.

## Chhutti aur teohaar
* 1 January - Fiji me **Nawaa Saal** ke chhutti rahaa
* 28 January, 13 January - Fiji me **Prophet Mohammed ke birthday** khatir chhutti rahaa.
* 29 March - Fiji me **Good Friday** ke chhutti rahaa
* 30 March - Fiji me **Easter Saturday** ke chhutti rahaa 
* 1 April - Fiji me **Easter Monday** ke chhutti rahaa 
* 10 October - Fiji me **Fiji Day** ke chhutti rahaa.
* 4 November - Fiji me **Diwali** ke chhutti rahaa.
* 25 December - Fiji me **Barraa Din** ke chhutti rahaa.
* 26 December - Fiji me **Boxing Day** ke chhutti rahaa.
* 27 April - 12 May - First term ke chhutti
* 17 August - 1 September - Second term ke chutti
* 30 November - Third term ke chutti suruu bhais rahaa

## References
2014

**** (MMXIV) ek leap sadhaaran saal rahaa, jon budh ke din suruu bhais rahaa.  Ii  3rd millennium aur 21st century 14th saal rahaa,  aur  2010s dassak ke 5th saal rahaa. Ii saal Vikram Samvat (Hindu) ke 2070-2071, Shaka Samvat (Hindu) ke 1935-1936, Kali Yuga ke 5114-5115, Buddhist calendar ke 2558, Islamic calendar ke 1435-1436, aur Nanakshashi calendar ke 546 saal rahaa. 

## Ghatna
* 3 May - Felix Anthony, jon ki pahile Fiji Trades Union Congress ke General Secretary rahaa, ke People's Democratic Party ke neta chuna gais.

## Janam

## Maut

* 1 February - **[[Maximilian Schell]]**, Switzerland ke actor, director aur producer ke maut Innsbruk, Austria me bhais rahaa.

* 10 February - **[[Shirley Temple]]**, American actor, gaayak, nachaniyaa aur rajduut ke maut Woodside, California me bhais rahaa.
* 27 July - James Shankar Singh, jon ek kisan, businessman aur Government Minister rahaa

* 11 August - **[[Robin Williams]]**, American actor aur hansaewaala ke maut Paradise City, California me bhais rahaa.

## Chhutti aur teohaar
* 1 January - Fiji me **Nawaa Saal** ke chhutti rahaa
* 12 January, 13 January - Fiji me **Prophet Mohammed ke birthday** khatir chhutti rahaa.
* 18 April - Fiji me **Good Friday** ke chhutti rahaa
* 19 April - Fiji me **Easter Saturday** ke chhutti rahaa 
* 21 April - Fiji me **Easter Monday** ke chhutti rahaa 
* 10 October - Fiji me **Fiji Day** ke chhutti rahaa.
* 23 October - Fiji me **Diwali** ke chhutti rahaa.
* 25 December - Fiji me **Barraa Din** ke chhutti rahaa.
* 26 December - Fiji me **Boxing Day** ke chhutti rahaa.

## References
2010s

**2010s**, jiske "twenty-tens", "two thousand (and) tens", nai to khaali "the tens" pronounce karaa jaawe hae, pichhlaa decade rahaa, jon  1 January 2010 ke suruu bhais rahaa aur 31 December 2019 ke khalaas bhais rahaa.

Ii dassak bhar dunia ke economy aage barrha.
Hardayal Singh

**Hardayal Singh**, Fiji ke ek Hindustani poiticain raha jo ki Fiji Labour Party ke supporter rahaa. 1994 ke election me uu Ba East/Tavua Rural Indian Constituency ke Fiji ke House of Representatives me chuna gais rahaa Uske maut 8 May1995 ke hoe gais rahaa.

## References
Maan Singh

**Maan Singh**, Fiji ke ek Hindustani politician hae. Uu suru me Alliance Party ke supporter rahaa aur Suva City Council me Tamavua Ward se chuna gais rahaa aur kuch din talak Lord Mayor bhi rahaa. 1992 ke election me uu National Federation Party (NFP) ke taraf se Navosa/Serua/Namosi/Naitasiri West/Rewa West Indian Constituency se Fiji ke House of Representatives me chuna gais. 1994 ke election me uu ii constituency se fir se jiitis. 1999 ke election me uu Viti Levu South Kadavu Indian Communal Constituency se NFP ke bagal se kharaa bhais lekin Fiji Labour Party ke candidate se haar gais. 2001 ke election me uu Suva City Open Constituency se kharraa bhais lekin uske 10% se kamtii vote milaa.

## References
1950s

**1950s** ke dassak (decade) 1 January 1950 se suruu bhais rahaa aur 31 December 1959 ke khalaas bhais rahaa. Ii 20th century ke 6th decade rahaa.

Ii dassak bhar me Western des aur Communist bloc ke des ke biich me tension barrte rahaa aur ii Cold War ke biich me rahaa.
1940s

**1940s** ke dassak (decade) 1 January 1940 se suruu bhais rahaa aur 31 December 1949 ke khalaas bhais rahaa. Ii 20th century ke 5th decade rahaa.

Ii dassak ke suruwaat me dunia bhar me World War II chalat rahaa aur aur iske hoe talak Cold War suruu hoe gais rahaa.
1930s

**1930s** ke dassak (decade) 1 January 1930 se suruu bhais rahaa aur 31 December 1939 me khalaas bhais rahaa. Ii 20th century ke 4th decade rahaa.

Ii dassak ke suruuwaat me dunia bhar me me depression rahaa aur iske ant hoe talak dunia bhar me World War II suruu hoe gais rahaa.
2000s

**2000s** ke decade 1 January 2000 ke suuu bhais rahaa aur 31 December 2009 ke khalaas bais rahaa. Iske "noughties' ke naam se bhi jaana jaae hae. Ii decade ke suruu me India aur China ke economy jor se barrhaa. 2007 me Global financial crisis bhais. Ii decade me Internet ke usage 6.7% se barr ke 25.7% bhais
1920s

**1920s** ke dassak (decade) 1 January 1920 se suruu bhais rahaa aur 31 December 1929 ke khalaas bhais rahaa. Ii 20th century ke 4th decade rahaa.

Ii dassak ke suruwaat me Russia me dher larrai ke baad Communist logan des pe raj kare lagin. Ii dassak ke end me Wall Street Crash bhais aur dunia bhar me depression bhais.
Greater Nepal

**Greater Nepal** ek concept hae jo Sugauli Sandhi se pahle ke Nepal ke bhu-bhaag ko byan karta hai. Isme uu ilaka hae jiske 1814-1816 ke Anglo-Nepal larrai ke baad British India ke cede karaa gais rahaa.
Sugauli Sandhi

**Sugauli sandhi** ek aisa sandhi hai jo 1814-16 me Nepal Aur East India Company ke biich bhais rahaa. Ii sandhi ke niche Nepal ke one-third territory, ke British ke niche ka dewa gais rahaa, jisme Sikkim (whose Chogyals supported Britain in the Anglo-Nepalese War); Kali Naddi ke west ke territory, jaise ki Kumaon (present Indian state of Uttarakhand), Garhwal (present Indian state of Uttarakhand); SUtlej Naddi ke west ke kuchh territory, jaise ki  Kangra (present day Himachal Pradesh); aur Terai ilaka.
Mohammed Lateef Subedar

**Mohammed Lateef Subedar** (1942 - 2003), Fiji ke ek Hindustani politician rahaa jon ki 1999 aur 2001 ke election me  Labasa Rural Indian Communal Constituency se  Fiji Labour Party ke taraf se Fiji ke House of Representatives me chuna gais rahaa.  

19 May 2000 ke uu People's Coalition Government, jiske Mahendra Chaudhry leader rahaa, ke 43 member me se ek rahaa jiske George Speight and his band of rebel Republic of Fiji Military Forces (RFMF) soldiers from the Counter Revolutionary Warfare Unit hostage banae liin rahaa. Uske 13 July 2000 ke chhoraa gais rahaa.

Uu pahila dafe 1992 ke election me Fiji ke House of Representatives me chuna gais rahaa  lekin 1994 ke election me uu ii seat ke National Federation Party ke candidate se haar gais. rahaa. 

Subedar, ek civil servant rahaa, jisme se uu 1992 me resign karis. Uu 1985 se 1992 talak Sugar CAne Growers Council ke Councillor rahaa. 1996 me uske JP banawa gais rahaa. 1994 me uu National Farmers Union ke Executive member banaa. 1996 me uu Public Service Association ke Labasa Branch ke executive Officer banaa. Uu Macuata Muslim League ke Vice President, Cogeloa Muslim League ke president aur Labasa Soccer Association ke Vice President bhi rahaa.

Uske maut August 2003 me bhais rahaa.

## References
Madhubani

**Madhubani**, Bihar ke uttar disha me sthit 1 jila hai , jo ki apni painting ke liye kafi mashhur hai.
madhubani ke painting ka naam wishw bhar me hai.
or sbse achhi bat ye hai ki yahan ke log kafi achhe hai.
apne atithi ko bhagwan mante hain........

### Aur dekho
Madhubani (Fiji)
1999 ke election (Fiji)

**1999 ke election**, jon ki 8 May se 15 May talak bhais rahaa, pahila election rahaa jon ki 1997 ke constitution ke niche larraa gais rahaa. Ii constitution ke niche Fiji ke House of Representatives me 71 member rahaa, jisme se 25 member. Open seat (common roll) se chuna gais rahaa aur 46 mmember Communal Constiteuncy se chunak gais rahaa. Isme Kaviti logan khatir 23 seat, Hindustani ke khatir 19 seat, General elector logan ke khati 3 seat au Rotuman ke khatir 1 seat reserved rahaa.

## Election ke natija
Ii election me dui khaas coalition rahaa. Pahila goup me Prime Minister Sitiveni Rabuka ke SVT, Opposition Leader, Jai Ram Reddy ke National Federation Party (NFP) aur United General Party (UGP) rahaa. Duusra group, jiske People's Coalition ke naam se jaana jaawat rahaa, me Mahendra Chaudhry ke Fiji Labour Party (FLP), pahila Labour neta, Timoci Bavadra ke aurat ke party, Fijian Association Party (FAP) aur Apisai Tora ke PANU party rahaa. Election ke natija rahaa:
:Fiji Labour Party (FLP) 37
:Fijian Association Party (FAP) 10
:Fijian Political Party (SVT) 8
:Party of National Unity (PANU) 4
:Christian Democratic Alliance (CDA) 3
:Independents 5
:Others 4

19 May ke Mahendra Chaudhry ke Fiji ke pahila Hindustani Prime Minister banawa gais rahaa.
Raman Pratap Singh

**Raman Pratap Singh**, Fiji ke ek Hindustani wakiil  aur politician hae jon ki National Federation Party (NFP) ke supporter hae. Uu bahut din se NFP ke member, Ram Jati Singh ke larrka hae. 

1987 ke election me uu ek NFP ke rebel group, jisme khaas kar ke S. M. Koya ke supporter rahin, ke bagal se Savusavu / Macuata East Indian Communal Constituency se kharraa bhais rahaa lekin uske khaali 4.3% vote mila.

1992 ke election me uu Bua Indian Constituency se Fiji ke House of Representatives me chuna gais rahaa. 1994 ke election me uu ii seat se fir se jiitis. 

2001 ke election me uu Vanua Levu West Indian Communal Constituency se kharraa bhais rahaa lekin Fiji Labour Party ke candidate se har gais.

On 25 October 2001, he was sworn in as a Senator. 

31 July 2005 ke uske NFP ke President chuna gais rahaa.

2006 ke elecion me uu Labasa Open Constituency se kharraa bhais rahaa lekin uske 10% se kamti vote mila.

2014 ke election me NFP ke bagal se kharraa bhais. 

## References
Croatian language

**Croatian language** is a country in official bhasa Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and minoriti form Europe (Austria-Burgenland, Italy-Molise, Serbia-Vojvodina, Romania-Carasova, Hungary-Baranya). Population speack Croatian language area total: 6,200,000 (1995 est) (ranked 85th)
* ISO 639-1=hr
* ISO 639-2=hrv (scr)
* ISO 639-3=hrv
* SIL=HRV

 

## Croatian grammar

## Croatian language latin alfabet


Image:Latin alphabet Aa.svg|(**a**)
Image:Latin alphabet Bb.svg|(**be**)
Image:Latin alphabet Cc.svg|(**ce**)
Image:Latin alphabet Čč.png|(**če**)
Image:Latin alphabet Ćć.svg|(**će**)
Image:Latin alphabet Dd.svg|(**de**)
Image:Latin alphabet Dždž.png|(**dže**)
Image:Latin alphabet Đđ.svg|(**đe**)
Image:Latin alphabet Ee.svg|(**e**)
Image:Latin alphabet Ff.svg|(**ef**)
Image:Latin alphabet Gg.svg|(**ge**)
Image:Latin alphabet Hh.svg|(**ha**)
Image:Latin alphabet Ii.svg|(**i**)
Image:Latin alphabet Jj.svg|(**je**)
Image:Latin alphabet Kk.svg|(**ka**)
Image:Latin alphabet Ll.svg|(**el**)
Image:Latin alphabet Ljlj.png|(**elj**)
Image:Latin alphabet Mm.svg|(**em**)
Image:Latin alphabet Nn.svg|(**en**)
Image:Latin alphabet Njnj.png|(**enj**)
Image:Latin alphabet Oo.svg|(**o**)
Image:Latin alphabet Pp.svg|(**pe**)
Image:Latin alphabet Rr.svg|(**er**)
Image:Latin alphabet Ss.svg|(**es**)
Image:Latin alphabet Šš.png|(**eš**)
Image:Latin alphabet Tt.svg|(**te**)
Image:Latin alphabet Uu.svg|(**u**)
Image:Latin alphabet Vv.svg|(**ve**)
Image:Latin alphabet Zz.svg|(**ze**)
Image:Latin alphabet Žž.png|(**že**)
Image:Latin alphabet i+e.svg|(*i(j)e*)
Image:Latin alphabet r+r.svg|(*ŕ*)


* Croatian language institut  
* Croatian language Academy
Nadi Urban Indian Communal Constituency (Fiji) 1999 - 2006

**Nadi Urban Indian Communal**, Fiji ke ek electoral division hae. Ii, uu 19 communal constituencies me se ek hae jiske Fiji ke Hindustani ke khatir reserve karaa gais hae. Ii constituency Nadi town aur airport ke ilaka ke hae.

## Election ke natija
### [[1999 ke election (Fiji)|1999]]

### [[2001 ke election (Fiji)|2001]]

### [[2006 ke election (Fiji)|2006]]

## Sources

* Psephos - Adam Carr's electoral archive
* Fiji Facts
Nadi Open Constituency (Fiji) 1999 - 2006

**Nadi Open**, Fiji ke ek electoral division, 1999 se lae ke 2006 talak rahaa. Fiji ke House of Representatives ke 71 constituency me se 25 open constituencies hae. Ii constituencies me koi bhi jaat ke jan kharraa hoe sake hae aur koi bhi vote kare sake hae. Nadi Open constituency ek marginal seat hae, jiske tiino dafe FLP jiitis hae. 2001 ke election me suruu me i seat ket vijeta ke NFP ke Prem Singh ke eclare karaa gais rahaa lekin baad me iske Supreme Court, NFP ke de diis rahaa.  Ii Fiji group ke sab se barraa island, Viti Levu, ke western hissa me, Nadi town aur airport ke lage hae.

## Election ke natija

### [[1999 ke election (Fiji)|1999]]

### [[2001 ke election (Fiji)|2001]]

### [[2006 ke election (Fiji)|2006]]

## References
* Psephos - Adam Carr's electoral archive
* Fiji Facts
George Speight

**George Speight**, Fiji ke ek aadha jaat waala admii rahaa jon ki 2000 me RFMF ke kuchh rebel soldier logan ke saathe Mahendra Chaudhry ke sarkar ke paltis rahaa. Uske baad me treason ke charge karaa gais aur jahel kar dewa gais rahaa. Suruu me uske Nukulau Island me rakkha gais rahaa, lekin 2006 ke coup ke baad uske aur, jahli log ke rakam Naboro Maximum Security Prison me kar dewa gais. Abhi bhi uu jahel me hae.
People's Coalition (Fiji)

**People's Coalition**, uu coaltion ke naam rahaa jon ki 1999 me Fiji ke election jiitis rahaa. Isme tiin khaas party rahaa; Fiji Labour Party, Fijian Association Party aur PANU. 

Ii coalition election ke jiit liis rahaa aur FLP keMahendra Chaudhry, Prime Minister banaa.

Ek aur party, VLV, election ke baad ii coalition ke join karis rahaa.

2001 ke election ke baad FLP ke chhor ke coalition ke aur sab party, ekko seat nai jiitis.
Ba West Indian Communal Constituency (Fiji) 1999 - 2006

**Ba West Indian Communal**, Fiji ke ek electoral division rahaa. Ii uu 19 constituency me se ek hae jiske Hindustani logan ke khatir reserve karaa gais rahaa. Ii electorate Ba ilaka me rahaa.

## Election results
### [[1999 ke election (Fiji)|1999]]

### [[2001 ke election (Fiji)|2001]]

### [[2006 ke election (Fiji)|2006]]

## Sources

* Psephos - Adam Carr's electoral archive
* Fiji Facts
Vaisvikaran

Globalization dher company ke dunia ke dher des me laawe hae. 

## References

## Aur parrho
* Peter Berger, *[http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Four+faces+of+global+culture-a020319595 Four Faces of Global Culture]* (The National Interest, Fall 1997).
* 
*  
* 
* 
* 
*
Samrajwaad

**Samrajwaad** ek policy hae jiske niche barraa, tagatwar des chhota aur kamtii powerful des ke uppar aapan raj barrhawe hae. 

## Duusra websites
* Imperialism Quotations
* State, Imperialism and Capitalism by Joseph Schumpeter
* Economic Imperialism by A.J.P.Taylor
* Imperialism Entry in the Columbia Encyclopedia (Bartleby)
* The Nation-State, Core and Periphery: A Brief sketch of Imperialism in the 20th century.
Battle of the Giants (Fiji) 2010

Fiji ke **Inkk Mobile 2010 Battle of the Giants Soccer Tournament** 15 August ke suruu bhais rahaa. Ii tournament dui weekend me khela gais rahaa. Pahila round ke match Suva ke National Stadium me khela gais rahaa. Dusra round ke match Nadi ke Prince Charles Park me 19th August ke suruu bhas rahaa aur final ke khel 2 August ke khela gais rahaa. admii loag waala tournament ke saathe, aurat log waala tournament bhi hela gais rahaa. Ba iske defending champion hae. 

## Pool ke game
### Pool 1

### Pool 2

### Semi finals

## Final

## Aur dekho
* Fiji me football

## References

* The Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation
UNESCO

**United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization** (UNESCO) United Nations ke ek agency hae. Ii 1945 me suruu bhais rahaa. Iske khaas kaam hae, arts, science aur culture me dunia bhar ke des ke ek saathe kaam kar ke, dunia bhar me santi aur surakchha ke  barrhawa denaa.
International Court of Justice

**International Court of Justice** ek international oganisation hae. 

## Aur parrho

* Rosenne S, *Rosenne's the world court: what it is and how it works* 6th ed (Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 2003).

## Duusra websites

* International Court of Justice, Official site
Arthsaastr

**Economics**, uu chij ke parrhai hae, jisme ii dekha jaawe hae ki log kaise kamai kare hae.  

## References

## Duusra websites

* All banks of the world
1900–1909

**1900s** ke decade 1 January 1900 se suruu bhais rahaa aur 31 December 1909 ke khalaas bhais rahaa. Ii 20th century ke pahila decade rahaa. Ii dassak me,
* Wright brothers pahila dafe ek plane ke urrain.
* Belgium Congo Free State me dher natives ke hatya karis.
* Italy ke ek earthquake me 75,00 - 82,000 log mar gais
* America, Philippines ke aapan niche kar liis
* Panama Canal ke banae ke suruu karaa gais.
* Russia aur Japan ke biich me larri me Japan vijay bhais
1890s

**1890s** ke decade 1 January 1890 se suruu bhais rahaa aur 31 December 1899 ke khalaas bhais rahaa. Ii 19th century ke 10th decade rahaa.

Ii decade me Europe aur colny ke aapan niche karin. Spanish Empire lagbhag khalaas hoe gais. Japan, asia me aapan empire banae ke suruu karis.
1880s

**1880s** ke decade 1 January 1880 se suruu bhais rahaa aur 31 December 1889 ke khalaas bhais rahaa. Ii 19th century ke 9th decade rahaa.

Ii decade me Europe aur Americas me log ke living standard uppar gais rahaa. Ii Gilded Age (1874-1907) ke ek hissa rahaa. I time Second Industrial Revolution bhi bhais rahaa.
1870s

**1870s** ke decade 1 January 1870 se suruu bhais rahaa aur 31 December 1879 ke khalaas bhais rahaa. Ii 19th century ke 8th decade rahaa.

Ii decade me, Europe aur Asia me empires, imperialism aur militarism jaada bhais, America me Civil War ke baad reconstruction suruu bhais aur Germany ek des hoe gais. Ii decade me phonograph, telephone aur light bulb ke bhi banaawa gais rahaa.
1860s

**1860s** ke decade 1 January 1860 se suruu bhais rahaa aur 31 December 1869 ke khalaas bhais rahaa. Ii 19th century ke 7th decade rahaa.

Ii decade me America me Abraham Lincoln ke president chuna jaae ke kaaran gyarah southern states America se alag hoe gais aur Civil War suruu hoe gais jon ki 1860 se 1865 talak chalaa. ii larrai me nawaa hatiyaar, jaise machine gun aur steek warship ke kaam me laawa gais rahaa. South America me brazil, Argentina aur Uruguay, Paraguay ke uppar  larrai karin aur Paraguay ke 60% log mar gain.
1910s

**1910s** ke decade 1 January 1910 se suruu bhais rahaa aur 31 December 1919 ke khalaas bhais rahaa. Ii 20th century ke 2nd secade rahaa.

Ii decade me militarism, jon ki 19th century ke antim decades me suruu bhas rahaa, World war I ke kaaran rahaa. ii larrai 1914 se 1918 talak chalaa raha. Larrai ke khalaas hoe pe Russia, Germany, Ottoman Empire aur Austria-Hungary me Raja log ke raj khalaas hoe gais.
1830s

**1830s** ke decade 1 January 1830 se suruu bhais rahaa aur 31 December 1839 ke khalaas bhais rahaa. Ii 19th century ke 4th decade rahaa.

Ii decade me Queen Victoria rani banis aur Asia aur Africa me Europe ke des aur colony manain. Ottoman Empire aur British Raj bhi barrha. europe ke log australia, New Zealand, Canada aur United States me jaae ke rahe lagin
1820s

**1820s** ke decade 1 January 1820 se suruu bhais rahaa aur 31 December 1829 me khalaas bhais rahaa. Ii 19th century ke 3rd decade rahaa.

Ii decade me pahila Industrial Revolution bhais aur photography, railway aur textile industry barraa. I decade me Brazil, Peru aur Bolivia ajaad bahis.
1850s

**1850s** ke decade 1 January 1850 se suruu bhais rahaa aur 31 December 1859 ke khalaas bhais rahaa. Ii 19th century ke 6th decade rahaa.

Ii decade me Crimean War (1853-1856), Russia aur ekalliance jisme Great Britain, France, Sardinia aur Ottoman Empire rahaa. 1956 me Second Opium War China aur kuchh western powers ke biicj me bhais rahaa. 1859 me Second Waur of Italian Independence bhais rahaa.
Hikmat Singh Verma

**Hikmat Singh Verma**,Fiji ke ek Hindustani politician rahaa jon ki Fiji Labour Party ke support karat rahaa.

1994 ke election me uu Nasinu South/Colo-i-Suva Indian Constituency se kharraa bhais rahaa lekin National Federation Party ke candidate se thorraa vote se haar gais rahaa.

1999 ke election  me uu who Laucala Indian Communal Constituency se jiitis .

19 May 2000 me uu aur uske 43 saathi ke   George Speight aur uske band of rebel Republic of Fiji Military Forces (RFMF) soldiers from the Counter Revolutionary Warfare Unit, hostage le liin rahaa. Uske 13 July 2000 ke , 56 din talak band rahe ke baad, chhorraa gais rahaa.

Uu pahile ek teacher rahaa aur Jaycees me bhi kaam karis rahaa. Uske maut 26 July 2021 me bhais rahaa

## References
Gunasagaran Gounder

** Dr Gunasagaran Gounder** Fiji ke ek Hindustani doctor hae, jon ki uu time jaana maana bhais jab ke uu 1999 ke election me National Federation Party ke leader Jai Ram Reddy ke Yasawa Nawaka Open Constituency seat me harais rahaa. He jiit ke baad uske Mahendra Chaudhry ke Peoples Coalition Government  me Assistant Minister for Health banawa gais.

19 May 2000 ke, Goundar uu 43 People's Coalition Government ke member me se ek rahaa, jiske George Speight aur uske rebel Republic of Fiji Military Forces (RFMF) soldiers from the Counter Revolutionary Warfare Unit hostage le liis rahaa. 56 din ke baad, uske 13 July 2000 ke chhorra gais rahaa.

2001 se 2006 talak uu Nadi Rural Indian Communal Constituency ke represent karis. Ii uu 19  communal seat me se ek hae jiske Fiji ke Hindustani logan ke khatir reserve karaa gais hae. 2001 ke election me uske 69% vote mila rahaa. 

2003 me Goundar ke Prime Minister, Laisenia Qarase, Minister for Health ke position ke offer karis, lekin uu aur 13 FLP ke member ke saathe iske inkaar kar diis.

2006 ke election, me Gounder, Nadi Urban Indian Communal Constituency se kharra bhais jisme uske 76 percent vote mila.  Iske baad uu. nau aur FLP Ministers ke saathe  Cabinet me gais jahaan pe uske as Minister for Curative Health Services banawa gais.



## References
Azim Hussein

**Azim Hussein**, Fiji ke ek Hindustani sikchhak aur politician hae jon ki Fiji Labour Party ke supporter hae. 2006 ke election me uu  Nasinu Rewa Open Constituency se Fiji ke House of Representatives ke member banaa. 

Hussein, pahile ek primary school ke head teacher rahaa.



## References
Nareish Kumar

**Nareish Kumar**, Fiji ke ek Hindustani politician hae, jon ki Fiji Labour Party ke supporter hae. 1999 ke election me uu  Labasa Open Constituency se Fiji ke House of Representatives ke member banaa.

19 May 2000 ke uu 43 members of the People's Coalition Government, led by Mahendra Chaudhry, me se ek rahaa jiske George Speight aur uske Republic of Fiji Military Forces (RFMF) soldiers from the Counter Revolutionary Warfare Unit haotage le liin rahaa. Uske 23 May 2000 ke chhorraa gais rahaa.



## References
Labasa Open Constituency (Fiji) 1999 - 2006

**Labasa Open**, Fiji ke ek electoral division hae Ii uu 25 open constituencies me se ek hae jisme  universal suffrage (common rol) ke niche member ke choose karaa jaawe hae. Ii electorate jaada kar ke  Vanua Levu ke Labasa town ke cover kare hae.

## Election results
### [[1999 ke election (Fiji)|1999]]
**Voters ke jaat** - Kaiviti: 3,423 (21.06%), General: 327 (2.01%), Hindustani: 14,490 (75.58%), Rotuman: 12 (0.07%), Total:  16,252 

### [[2001 ke election (Fiji)|2001]]

### [[2006 ke election (Fiji)|2006]]

## References

* Psephos - Adam Carr's electoral archive
* Fiji Facts
Perumal Mupnar

**Perumal Mupnar**, Fiji ke ek Hindustani politician hae, jon ki Fiji Labour Party ke supporter hae. 2001 ke election me uu Yasawa Nawaka Open Constituency se Fiji ke House of Representatives me chuna gais rahaa.  2006 ke election me uu Nadi Rural Indian Communal Constituency se chuna gais rahaa. 

1999 ke election ke baad uske  Senate me appoint karaa gais rahaa. 

2003  me uu 14 FLP parliamentarians me se ek rahaa jiske  Laisenia Qarase cabinet position offer karis rahaa aur uske Ministry for Transport  ke ofer rahaa lekin FLP iske reject kar diis.  

2006 ke election ke baad uu House of Representatives me uu Labour Party Whip banaa.  

Baad me uske aur FLP leader, Mahendra Chaudhry ke biich me fuut hoe gais aur uu Chaudhry's choice of Senators following the 2006 election ke virod me awwaj uthais.



## References
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaekovsky

**Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky** (Russian: Пётр Ильич Чайковский, *Pëtr Il’ič Čajkovskij*; ) (janam Kamsko-Votkinsk, 7 May 1840; maut St Petersburg, 6 November 1893) ek Russian composer rahaa jon ki Romantic period ke rahaa.
1810s

**1810s** ke decade 1 January 1810 se suruu bhais rahaa aur 31 December 1819 ke khalaas bhais rahaa. Ii 19th century ke 2nd decade rahaa.
* 1818 - Maratha aur British ke biich me tiisra larrai bhais jisme Maratha ke haar bhais aur central India ke jaada hissa Britain ke niche hoe gais. Maratha ke neta, Peshwa ke exile kar dewa gais rahaa.
Rastryawaad

**Rastryawaad (Nationalism)** ek rakam ke bichar hae jisme ii socha jaawe hae ki sab log apne pe raj kare sake hae. Isme ii bhi biswas karaa jaae hae ki ek ek des ke ekke identity hae jon ki sanskriti, rahe ke jagha, bhasa nai to dharam ke uppar nirbhar hae aur ii bhi biswas kare hae ki sab ke ekke itihaas hae.

## References
Ganrajya

**Ganrajya (Republic)**, uu rakam ke sarkar hae jisme taagat janata ke rahe hae aur uu log des ke chalae waala jan ke chune hae. Ii Monarchy se ulata hae jahaan pe raj kare waala log ke chuna nai jaae hae.

## References
Samajwaad

**Samajwaad (Socialism)** ek rakam ke economic aur political theory hae jiske niche sarkar aur public jaada means of poduction ke own kare hae. Ii punjiwaad (Capitalism) ke rakam nai hae jahaan pe private log aur shareholders means of production ke control kare hae.
Rajnitik dal

Ek **Rajnetic dal (political party)** ek organized group of voters hae. Ii logan election me aapam bagal se log ke kharraa kare hae. Rajnetic dal ke member log ke jaada kar ke ek rakam ke bichaar rahe hae.

Lagbhag sab des me raaj kare waala log koi rajnetic dal ke member rahe hae. Jab ki kuchh des me rajnetic dal nai rahae hae, ii bahut kamtii hae. Jaada des me dher rajnetic dal rahe hae aur kuchh des me khaali ek rajnetic dal rahe hae. Rajnetic dal duuno tanasahi (autocracies) aur udaarwaad (democracies) me rahe hae, lekin udaarwaad me tanasahi se dher rajnetic dal rahe hae. Tanasahi sarkar me jaada kar ke ek rajnetic dal rahe hae jon des pe raj kare hae, lekin rajnetic vigyanil log ii biswas kare hae ki udaarwaad ke khaatir dher rajnetic dal ke rahna jaruri hae.

Rajnetic dal, samaj me rahe waala vibhajan se bane sake hae, jaise dhani log ke dal aur garib log ke dal, nai to majuur ke dal aur business ke dal. Rajnetic dal me ek neta rahe hae, jiske dal ke kaam ke khaas jimedaari rahe hae, dal ke executives jon dal ke chalae aur organise kare ke neta ke madat kare hae aur kabhi-kabhi neta ke chube hae, aur members jon bina talab ke dal ke madat kare hae, dal ke paisa daan kare hae, nai to chanda (donation) batore me madat kare hae, aur chunao me dal ke member ke vote kare hae.

Dher rajnetic dal vichaardhaara (ideology) se prerit (motivated) hae. Dher democratic des me chunao ke time, liberal, conservative aur socialist dal rahe hae. Aur khaas vichaardhaara hae, communism, populism, nationalism air Islamism. Alag-alag des ke rajnetic dal  ekke rakam ke rang aur chinh ke kaam e laae hae, jaise communist party le laal rang.

## Itihaas
Rajnetic dal ke bichaar puraana jamaana se hae. Plato, puraana Athens ke rajnetic gut (factions) ke baare me likhis hae aur Aristotle ii bahas karis hae ki rajniti me alag-alag rakam ke sarkar me alag-alag rakam ke gut rahe hae. Kuchh puraana vivaad gut ke uppar aadhaarit rahaa, jaise Constatinople me ek riot dui chiot racing gut ke biich me. Kuch likha gais dal jon itihaas me rahaa me hae; "Populare" aur "Optimates", Roman republic me, O|"Orangists" aur "Stattsgezinde", Holland me. Abhi ke jamaa ke rajnetik dal ke suruwaat United Kingdom ke Conservative Party aur America ke Democratic Party se suruu bhais rahaa. 

Barraa-barra rajnetic dal ke bane se pahile , elections me kamti competition rahaa aur iske jaada kar ke pahile se rahe waala clique aur network dominate karat rahis. 

### 18th century
Parchaar

**Parchaar (Propaganda)** jaankari hae jon ki biased hae. Isme jaakari ke ii rakam se dewa jaae hae ki log koir rakam ke baat ke biswas kare lage. Isme josiila sabd ke kaam me laae ke log ke utsaawa jaawe hae.  Parchaar ke dher rakam ke context me paawa jaawe hae.

Twentieth century ke suruu se, English sabd *propaganda* ke  manipulation se associate kare jaae laga, jab itihaas me  iske matlab uu koi chij rahaa jon jon koi rakam ke biswas ke promote kare hae.  

Dher rakam ke media ke kaam me laae ke parchaar ke sandes ke janata talak pahunchaawa jaawe hae, jisme hae  chhaapa, cartoons, parchaa, pamphlets, films, radio shows, TV shows, aur websites. Abhi jaldi se,  digital age  ke kaaran nawaa rakam se parchaar ke sandes janata talak phunchaawa jaae hae, jime hae  bots aur algorithms ke kaam me laae ke janata ke biswas ke hera-feri karaa jaawe he, jaise  e.g., by creating fake nai to biased news ke kaam me laae ke faelaawa jaawe hae aur chatbots  ke kaam me laae ke  discussions social networks me kaam me laawa jaae hae.

## Naam
English me *Propaganda* ek aadhmik Latin sabd hae, jiske matlab  'faelaao' nai to 'aur paida karo' hae, tab *parchaar* ke matlab  * uu chij jiske jaada karaa jaae sake* hae. Pahile ii sabd Catholic Church ke  congregation se aais rahaa, jiske 1622  me banaawa gais rahaa . Its activity was aimed at "propagating" the Catholic faith in non-Catholic countries.

1790s se, ii sabd ke Church se bahaar kaam me laae jaae lagaa rahaa. In English, the cognate began taking a pejorative or negative connotation in the mid-19th century, when it was used in the political sphere.

## References