Abu Nuwas

**Abu-Nuwas al-Hasan ben Hani al-Hakami** (750–810), nai to **Abū-Nuwās**, ek Arbii bhasa ke kavi rahaa. Uu Persia me paida bhais rahaa. Uu *[[The Book of One Thousand and One Nights]]* likhis rahaa.

## Jawaani ke din aur kaam
Abu Nuwas ke ke baap ek Arbii rahaa jon ki Marwan II ke army me ek sipahi rahaa. Uske Farsi maiya ek weaver rahii. Uske janam Basra, nai to Damascus, me bhais rahaa. Jab Abu Nuwas chhota rahaa tab uske ek Basra ke dukandaar ke bech dewa gais rahaa. Barraa hoe ke uu Baghdad gais jahan pe uu apan kavita ke khatir mashur bhais. 

## Exile and imprisonment
Abu Nuwas ke uu time Egypt bhaage ke parra jab ki uu ek mashuur Persian political palwaar Barmakis, jiske caliph Harun al-Rashid maar diis rahaa, ke baare me likhis. 1809 me uu Baghdad lautis jab Harun al-Rashid mar gais. Iske baad uu  Muhammad al-Amin, Harun al-Rashid ke larrka ke khatir kavita likhe lagis. Nawas ke uu time ke sab se achchhaa kavi maana jaawat rahaa. Baad me Amin ke uske bhaeya overthrow kar diis aur Nawas ke uske liberal kaam ke khatir jahel kar dewa gais.

## Paramparaa

### Prabhao
Abu Nuwas kuchh lekhak me se ek hae jiske literary form of the *[[Riddles (Arabic)|mu‘ammā]]* (literally "blinded" or "obscured") ke banae ke credit dewa jaawe hae, a paheli jiske solve kare ke khaatir  "by combining the constituent letters of the word or name to be found" ke kaam me laawa jaawe hae. Uu dui Arabic genres ke aur achchhaa karis rahaa: Khamriyya (wine poetry) aur Tardiyya (hunting poetry). Ibn Quzman, jon Al-Andalus me  12th century me likhat rahaa, uske bahut taarif karat rahaa aur usse compare karaa gais hae.

## Translations
* *O Tribe That Loves Boys*. Hakim Bey (Entimos Press / Abu Nuwas Society, 1993). With a scholarly biographical essay on Abu Nuwas, largely taken from Ewald Wagner's biographical entry in *The Encyclopedia of Islam.*
* *Carousing with Gazelles, Homoerotic Songs of Old Baghdad*. Seventeen poems by Abu Nuwas translated by Jaafar Abu Tarab.  (iUniverse, Inc., 2005).
* Jim Colville. *Poems of Wine and Revelry: The Khamriyyat of Abu Nuwas.* (Kegan Paul, 2005).
*Esat Ayyıldız. "Ebû Nuvâs’ın Şarap (Hamriyyât) Şiirleri". Bozok Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 18 / 18 (2020): 147-173.

### Smaarak
Baghdad city me dher jagha hae jiske naam Abu Nawas se aais hae. Abū Nuwās Street  Tigris Naddi ke east bank me hae, uu neighbourhood me jon pahile  city ke showpiece rahaa. Abu Nuwas Park ek 2.5-kilometer stretch  Jumhouriya Bridge aur ek park ke biich me hae jon naddi talak failaa rahaa, Karada me 14th of July Bridge ke lage.

1976 me, ek crater on the planet Mercury me ke Abu Nuwas ke honour me naam dewa gais rahaa.

Abu Nawas Association, jiske 2007 me Algeria me suruu karaa gais rahaa, ke ii kavi ke naam dewa gais hae. Ii santhaa ke khaas aim rahaa ki Algeria me  homosexuality ke decriminalise karaa jaae, aur Algerian penal code which still considers homosexuality a crime punishable by imprisonment and accompanied by a fine ke khalaaas karaa jaae  article 333 aur 338 ke radd kar ke. 

## Censorship
Jab uske kaam ke khule aam chaapa jaawat rahaa twentieth century ke suruu talak, uske kaam ke pahila modern censored edition Cairo me 1932 me chhaapa gais rahaa. January 2001 me,  Egyptian Ministry of Culture order karis ki Nuwaske homoerotic poetry  ke 6,000 book ke copies ke jaraawa gais rahaa .  Saudi *[[Global Arabic Encyclopedia]]* me Abu Nuwas ke entry se,  pederasty ke sab chrchaa ke mitae dewa gais rahaa.

## Popular culture me
*[[One Thousand and One Nights]]* me Nawas ke feature karaa gais hae, jahaan pe uske  Harun al-Rashid ke ek saathi ke ruup me dekhaawa gais hae.

Ek jaada fictionalised Abu Nuwas, novels *The Father of Locks* (Dedalus Books, 2009) me villian hae aur *The Khalifah's Mirror* (2012) jon Andrew Killeen likhis hae, me uu ek  spy hae jon Ja'far al-Barmaki ke khaatir kaam kare hae.

Sudanese novel *Season of Migration to the North* (1966), jon  Tayeb Salih likhis hae, Abu Nuwas ke prem kavita  ke dher  cite karaa gais hae  novel ke ek villian ,  Sudanese Mustafa Sa'eed dwaara, jisse England ke ek jawaan aurat ke seduce karaa jaae sake hae: "Does it not please you that the earth is awaking,/ That old virgin wine is there for the taking?"

Tanzania ke artist Godfrey Mwampembwa (Gado) ek Swahili comic book banais hae jiske *Abunuwasi* bola jaawe hae jiske 1996 me publish karaa gais rahaa. Isme ek trickster jan, jiske naam  hae, ek villian hae tiin kahaani me jon  East African folklore as well as the fictional Abu Nuwasi of *One Thousand and One Nights* pe based hae.

Pasolini's Arabian Nights,  *Sium* kahaani  Abu Nuwas ke erotic poetry pe based hae. The original poems are used throughout the scene.

Indonesia me, Abu Nuwas, jiske *Abunawas* bola jaawe hae, dher folk khissa meek character hae,  Nasreddin Hoca ke rakam. Uske khissa me khaas   highlight, relations between ordinary people aur higher class ke biich ke rahaa.

## Aur parrho
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*Esat Ayyıldız. "Ebû Nuvâs’ın Şarap (Hamriyyât) Şiirleri". Bozok Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 18 / 18 (2020): 147-173.

## Notes

* Note a: Sources vary: Garzanti gives a date of birth of 756 or 758 and a date of death as circa 814, while Dona S. Straley gives circa 756 to circa 810.

## Swahili sanskriti
East Africa ke  Swahili sanskriti me the Abu Nuwas ke  Abunuwasi ke naam se jaana jaawe hae aur ii dher popular hae. Hian pe iske naam dher khissa me Nasreddin, Guba nai to "the Mullah"  ke naam se jaana jaawe hae. Ii sab kahani me Abunuwasi dhani log ke trick kar ke gaib log ke madat kare hae. 

Tanzania ke artist Godfrey Mwampembwa, Swahili ke comic book likis hae jiske *Abunuwasi* bola jaawe hae,jisme Abunawasi khissa ke adapt karaa gais hae. 
## References