Francisco Goya

**Francisco de Goya y Lucentes** (30 March 1746 — 30 April 1828) Spain ke ek  rahaa. Uu Spanish Royal Family ke dher portrait banais rahaa. Uske sab se jaada famous painting "Charles IV of Spain and His Family" aur "The Third of May 1808" rahaa.

## Jindagi
### Jawani
Goya ke janam Fuendetodos, Aragón, Spain me Benito de Goya y Franque aur Gracia de Lucientes y Salvador se bhaes rahaa.  Uu aapan bachpan ke din Fuendetodos me bitais, jhan pe uske palwar ek ghar me rahat rahaa jiske uske maiya ke palwar own karat rahaa. Lagbhag 1749, me uske palwar logan city of Zaragoza me ek ghar kharidin aur kuch saal ke baad huan pe rahe lagin. Goya,  Escuelas Pias me school parrhis, jahan pe uske,  Martin Zapater mila jon ki uske khaas dost hoe gais. 14 saal ke umar me uu  painter José Luzán ke saathe apprentiship suruu karis.

Baad me uu Madrid gais jahan pe uu Anton Raphael Mengs, ek painter  jon ki Spanish royalty ke nachdik rahaa, ke niche kaam karis. Uu aapan master se larris, aur ueske test ke mark kharaab rahaa. Goya Royal Academy of Fine Art ke khatir 1763 aur 1766 me entry bhejis, lekin uske huan pe bharti kare ke mauka nai milaa.. 

Uske baad uu Rome gais jahan pe 1771 me uske  City of Parma ke organise karaa gais painting competition organized me second prize mila.  Wahi saal, baad me uu Zaragoza laut gais aur cupola of the Basilica of the Pillar ke paint karis. Uu Francisco Bayeu y Subías ke niche parrhis aur uske painting aur achchhaa hoe lagaa.

## Italy ke yatra
Chaudah saal ke umar me, Goya, painter José Luzán ke niche kaam karis rahaa, jahaan pe uu Chaapa ke copy banaat rahaa prints chaar saal talak , jabtak uu apne se kaam kare ke decide karis rahaa, jaise uu baad me likhis rahaa "paint from my invention". Uu  Madrid  jaae ke  Anton Raphael Mengs ke saathe parrhis, jon ek jaaana-maana painter Spanish royalty ke saathe rahaa. Uu aapan master se jhagrraa karis rahaa, aur uske test ke result achchhaa nai rahaa. Goya  Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando ke khaatir 1763 aur 1766 me entry bhejis rahaa lekin uske entrance ke ijaajat nai milaa rahaa.

Rome uu time Europe ke   cultural capital rahaa aurhian pe  prototypes of classical antiquity rahaa, jab Spain ke lage artistic direction nai rahaa. Jab uske scholarship nai milaa rahaa, tab Goya apne se  Rome   gais jon ki ek puraana  biswas rahaa European artists me  pahile jaae se Albrecht Dürer talak. uu time uske achchhaa se nai jaana jaawat rahaa. Pahile ke janam kahaani likhe waale uske saathe Rome gay rahin  ek   bullfighters ke gang ke saathe, jahaan pe uu ek  street acrobat ke kaam karis rahaa,  Russian diplomat ke khaatir, nai to uu ek beautiful young nun  se pyaar kare lagaa jiske uu uske convent se apharan kare ke plan karis rahaa. It is possible that Goya completed two surviving mythological paintings during the visit, a *Sacrifice to Vesta* and a *Sacrifice to Pan*, both dated 1771.

1771 me uske  econd prize ek painting competition me milaa, jiske City of Parma organise karis rahaa. Uu saal, Goya Zaragoza laut ke  elements of the cupolas of the Basilica of the Pillar (including *[[Adoration of the Name of God]]*), a cycle of frescoes ke paint karis rahaa   monastic church of the Charterhouse of Aula Dei ke khaatir, aur frescoes of the Sobradiel Palace. Uu  Aragonese artist Francisco Bayeu y Subías ke ssathe kaam karis rahaa  aur uske  painting began delicate tonalities  dekhaelagaa rahaa jiske khaatir uu mashuur bhais rahaa.  Uu  Francisco Bayeu ke friend banaa rahaa aur uske  bahini  Josefa (he nicknamed her "Pepa") ke saathe saadi karis rahaa  on 25 July 1773. Their first child, Antonio Juan Ramon Carlos, was born on 29 August 1774. Uulog ke saat larrkan me se khaali ek, a son named Javier, jindaa rahaa

## Madrid (1775–1789)

Francisco Bayeu (Josefa Bayeu ke bhaiyaa), 1765 membership Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, aur directorship  tapestry works 1777 se,  Goya ke madat karis rahaa ek commission kuchh tapestry cartoons Royal Tapestry Factory ke khaatir. Paaanch saal me uu 42 patterns ke design karis rahaa, jisme se dher ke kaam me laae ke El Escorial aur Palacio Real del Pardo, Spain ke raaja ke ghar,  ke patthar ke dewaal ke sajaawa gais rahaa. Tapestries  ke design kare se koi prestige nai milat rahaa aur achchhaa paisa bhi nai milat rahaa, uske cartoons mashuur hae rococo style me, aur Goya iske kaam me laae ke apne ke dunia ke dekhais rahaa.

Cartoons khaali uske  royal commissions nai rahaa aur iske saathe kuchh engravings bhi rahaa, jaaada kar ke puraana masters ke copy, jaise Marcantonio Raimondi aur Velázquez. Goya ke Velázquez ke saathe complicated relationship rahaa; jab uske time ke artist log Goya ke ke kosis copy aur uske emulate kare me koi faeda nai dekhat rahin, uske pahunch pahile ke painter log ke kaam rahaa aur jiske  royal collection me rakkha gais rahaa. Fir bhi, etching ek rakam ke chij rahaa jiske Goya  master karis rahaa, jisse uu aapan imagination aur political beliefs ke aslii gahiraai ke dekhais rahaaa. Uske  ke *The Garrotted Man* ("El agarrotado") ke etching, sab se barraa etching  rahaa jiske uu banais rahaa abhi talak aur  uske baad ke  "Disasters of War" series se bhi jaada mashuur rahaa.

Goya ke bemaari rahaa aur iske Goya ke virodh kare waale log uske against kaam me laawat rahin, jon uu koi artist se jaran karat rahin jon aage barrhat rahaa. Kuchh barraa cartoons, jaise *The Wedding*,  8 by 10 feet se barraa rahaa, aur uske physical strength khaatir jaada rahaa. Goya aapan misfortune  ke ghumae diis rahaa, ii bol ke ki uske bemaari se uske insight milaa rahaa to produce works that were more personal and informal. Lekin, uske khaatir format limiting rahaa, kaaheki ii uske  complex color shifts or texture ke dekhae ke mauka nai dewat rahaa, aur impasto aur glazing techniques uske suit nai karat rahaa, jiske uu ii time talak aapan paintins me use karat rahaa.  Ii tapestries ke comments on human types, fashion and fads dekha jaawat rahaa

Ii time ke aur kaam me hae ek canvas for the altar of the Church of San Francisco El Grande Madrid me, jiske kaaran uske Royal Academy of Fine Art ke member banaawa gais rahaa.

## Darbaar ke chitrkaar
1783 me,  Count of Floridablanca,  King Charles III ke favourite, Goya ke uske chhaapa paint kare ke batais. Goya Raaja ke  half-brother Luis ke dost ban gais, aur uu dui summer me  duuno Infante aur uske palwaar ke chhaapa banais rahaa. 1780s me, uske patrons jaada bhais jisme rahaa Duke and Duchess of Osuna, Raja aur duusra jaana-maana log. 1786 me, Goya ke Charles III ke khaaatir painter ke pakka kaam dewa gais rahaa.

1789 me Goya ke Charles IV ke painter banaawa gais rahaa. Agle saal uu  First Court Painter banaa, jiske khaatir uske talab 50,000 reales aur 500 ducats ek coach ke khaatir, rahaa. Uu raaja aur raani ke chaapa ke paint karies rahaa, aur Spanish Prime Minister Manuel de Godoy aur dher  nobles ke chhaapa bhi. Ii sab chhaapa ke uske  disinclination to flatter; his *[[Charles IV of Spain and His Family]]* is an especially brutal assessment of a royal family rahaa . Aadhmik interpreters ii chhaapa ke ek satire maane hae; it is thought to reveal the corruption behind the rule of Charles IV.  uske aurat Louisa  ke raaj ke niche, jiske jaada taagatwar maana jaawat rahaa, ke kaaran Goya uske chhaapa ke biich me rakkhis rahaa. Chhaapa ke pichhe se ek dekhe sake hae ki artist apne viewer ke dekhe hae, Ur aplwaar ke pichhe ke painting  Lot aur uske dui larrki ke dekhae hae, jisse uu fir se corruption aur decay ke sandes de hae.

## Chapa ke suchi


Image:La familia de Carlos IV, Francisco de Goya.jpg|*Charles IV of Spain aur uske palwaar
Image:Francisco_de_Goya,_Saturno_devorando_a_su_hijo_(1819-1823).jpg|*Saturn aapan larrka ke khaawe hae*
Image:Goya Maja naga2.jpg|*Nanga Maja*
Image:Goya Maja ubrana2.jpg|Clothed Maja
Image:Goya-Guerra (33).jpg|' *The Disasters of War*, 1812-15
Image:GoyaBordeaux.jpg|Remembrance plaque for Goya in Bordeaux
Image:El_Tres_de_Mayo,_by_Francisco_de_Goya,_from_Prado_in_Google_Earth.jpg|*The Third of May 1808'', 1814. 



## References