open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Sirikan Charoensiri

**Sirikan Charoensiri** (janm 1986) ek Thai maanavaadhikaar vakeel hai. Vah maanavaadhikaaron ke lie thaee vakeelon ke saath kaam karatee hain aur nyoo demokresee moovament ke chaudah chhaatr kaaryakartaon ke kaanoonee pratinidhiyon mein se ek hain. vah thaee adhikaariyon se utpeedan aur dhamakiyon ke saath-saath maanavaadhikaar vakeel ke roop mein apane kaam se sambandhit aaparaadhik aaropon ka vishay rahee hai. vah pahalee thaee vakeel hain jin par sainy junta dvaara deshadroh ka aarop lagaaya gaya hai. sirikan chaaronasiree ka janm thaeelaind mein 1986 mein hua tha aur unaka paalan-poshan yaasothan, yaasothan praant mein hua tha. unhonne traayam udom suksa haee skool mein bhaag liya, kolej kee praarambhik shiksha praapt kee, aur phir 2009 mein thammaasait vishvavidyaalay se snaatak hone ke baad lo skool mein pravesh liya. apanee digree pooree karane ke baad, chaaronasiree ne antarraashtreey nyaay aayog ke saath ek intarnaship poora kiya aur phir esosieshan ke saath paraamarsh kiya. atyaachaar kee rokathaam aur amerikan baar esosieshan par atyaachaar kee rokathaam, dakshin thaeelaind vidroh ke sambandh mein maanavaadhikaaron kee chinta aur 2 saal ke lie kaanoon pahal ke niyam ke kaaryaanvayan par. 2013 mein, unhonne antararaashtreey maanavaadhikaar kaanoon ka adhyayan karane ke lie eseks vishvavidyaalay mein maastar oph lo prograam mein daakhila liya. 2018 intaraneshanal vuman oph karej avaard mein melaaniya tramp ke saath thaeelaind kee sirikan chaaronasiree elelem kee padhaee pooree karane ke baad, chaaronasiree intaraneshanal kameeshan oph jyoorists ke lie kaam par laut aaee. jab 2014 thaee takhtaapalat hua, to usane kaanoonee maamalon se nipatane ke lie ek alag ikaee sthaapit karane kee aavashyakata ko pahachaana, kyonki vakeelon ko unake graahakon tak pahunch se rok diya ja raha tha aur sena bina vaarant ke logon ko giraphtaar kar rahee thee, unhen bina kisee aarop ke hiraasat mein le rahee thee, aur unhen gupt shiviron mein band kar diya. jab unhonne hyooman raits ke lie thaee loyars kee sah-sthaapana kee, to ise shuroo mein ek paraamarsh hotalain ke roop mein banaaya gaya tha. jald hee isaka vistaar maanavaadhikaar vakeelon kee ek teem tak ho gaya, jise maanavaadhikaaron ke ullanghan par kaam karane ke lie antararaashtreey vakaalat samoohon dvaara vitt poshit kiya gaya tha.

## Sandarbh
Aura Lolita Chavez Ixcaquic

**Aura Lolita Chavez Ixcaquic** (janm 1972) Guatemala ke ek mahila adhikaar kaaryakarta aur svadeshee neta hain, jo praakrtik sansaadhanon ke sanrakshan ke sangharsh mein ek antararaashtreey neta hain. vah 2017 mein sakhaarov maanavaadhikaar puraskaar kee phainalist theen, jab vah apane hee desh mein maut kee dhamakee ke kaaran spen ke baask desh mein rah rahee theen. vah mool roop se gvaatemaala ke pashchimee kshetron el kvich kshetr kee rahane vaalee hain. vah dominikan ripablik-sentral amerika phree tred egreement ke prabhaavon ka saamana karane ke lie 2007 mein sthaapit kvich logon ke jeevan, maatr prakrti, bhoomi aur kshetr kee raksha ke lie kechee peepals kee parishad kee sadasy hain. sangathan ko "samudaayon ke ek samooh ke roop mein paribhaashit kiya gaya hai jinhonne apane kshetron kee raksha ke lie khud ko sangathit kiya hai, unake aatmanirnay ka adhikaar aur jeevan ke adhikaar bhee svadeshee logon kee ichchha ke anusaar". milita mahilaon ko nirdeshit hinsa ke khilaaph bhee abhiyaan chalaatee hai. 4 julaee 2012 ko, unhonne paitriyat paartee ke sadasy saanta krooz del kvich ke meyar ke khilaaph shaantipoorn pradarshan mein bhaag liya. vaapas raaste mein, usakee bas par kulhaadiyon, chaakuon aur bent se lais logon ke ek samooh ne ghaat lagaakar hamala kiya. chaar mahilaen ghaayal ho gaeen. 7 joon, 2017 ko bandookadhaariyon ke ek samooh ne un par aur seepeeke ke kuchh any sadasyon par hamala kiya aur unhen bhaagane ke lie majaboor kar diya. use jaan se maarane kee dhamakee milee thee. 1960 aur 1996 ke beech, gvaatemaala mein grhayuddh ke dauraan, kvich logon ne narasanhaar ke hamalon ka anubhav kiya. use apane desh mein jaan se maarane kee dhamakee dee jaatee hai, yahee vajah hai ki vah 2017 se spen ke baask desh mein rah rahee hai.

## Sandarbh
Susana Chávez

**Susana Chávez** (5 navambar, 1974 - see. 6 janavaree, 2011) ek Mexican kavi aur maanavaadhikaar kaaryakarta theen, jo apane grhanagar syoodaad juaarez mein paida huee theen aur apana adhikaansh jeevan vyateet karatee theen. unhen "not van mor" vaakyaansh ke lekhakatv ka shrey diya jaata hai, jisaka upayog naagarik adhikaar sangathanon aur unake samarthakon dvaara juaarez mein mahilaon kee durdasha ko spasht karane aur 1993 se vishesh roop se mahilaon par lakshit hatyaon kee ek lahar ko samaapt karane ke lie kiya gaya tha. juaarez shahar ke "koloniya kuautemok" khand mein usakee hatya kar dee gaee aur use vikrt kar diya gaya, jahaan vah paida huee thee aur apana adhikaansh jeevan vyateet kiya tha. avasheshon kee sakaaraatmak pahachaan 11 janavaree 2011 ko huee. vah 36 varsh kee thee. suzaana chaavez ne gyaarah saal kee umr mein kavita ke drshy mein apanee shuruaat kee thee. unhonne syoodaad juaarez aur poore meksiko mein any saanskrtik manchon mein lagaataar vibhinn saahityik samaarohon mein bhaag liya. chaavez ke blog profail ke anusaar, unhonne yoonivarsidaid otonoma dee syoodaad juaarez se manovigyaan mein digree praapt kee aur kavitaon kee ek pustak par kaam kar rahee theen. chaavez kee unake grhanagar syoodaad juaarez mein gala ghontakar hatya kar dee gaee thee, sambhavatah 6 janavaree, 2011 ko. chaavez kee maan dvaara jaaree ek bayaan ke anusaar, unakee betee kuchh doston se milane ja rahee thee, lekin vah apane gantavy tak nahin pahunchee. 6 janavaree, 2011 kee subah usaka shav aur kata hua haath mila. usaka sir kaale baig se dhaka hua tha. 10 janavaree ko, shaavej ke parivaar ne shav kee pahachaan kee, lekin yah jaanakaaree agale din tak jaaree nahin kee gaee jab yah ghoshana kee gaee ki hatya mein unakee kathit sanliptata ke lie teen vyaktiyon ko hiraasat mein liya gaya tha.

## Sandarbh
Liz Chicaje

**Liz Chicaje** (janm 1982) Peru ke ek svadeshee neta hain, jinhonne yaagua logon ke adhikaaron kee raksha karate hue poorvottar peroo ke loreto kshetr mein varshaavanon aur nadiyon ke sanrakshan mein mahatvapoorn yogadaan diya hai. unake prayaason ke lie dhanyavaad, yaguas national park kee sthaapana 2018 mein huee thee. janavaree 2019 mein leema mein, unhen phraanseesee aur jarman raajadooton dvaara maanavaadhikaaron ke lie phrenko-jarman puraskaar se sammaanit kiya gaya tha. liz chikaaje ka janm 1982 mein peroo ke loreto kshetr ke pebaas jile mein boraas dee pukaurakvilo ke svadeshee samudaay mein hua tha. vah nevat (gauraiya) kabeele se sambandhit hai. jab vah ek bachchee thee, to usaka paalan-poshan jangal mein hua, jahaan usane prakrti aur jangalee jaanavaron ke mahatv kee saraahana karana seekha. jaise-jaise vah badee hotee gaee, us kshetr mein rahane vaale mool samudaayon ko avaidh kataee aur khanan se khatara hota gaya. in samudaayon kee bhalaee ke lie ladane ka kaary karane ka nirnay lene ke baad, unhonne apane netrtv kaushal ko vikasit kiya aur 2013 mein pebaas jile kee meyar banane kee maang kee. haalaanki vah jeet nahin paeen, lekin jile ke logon kee samasyaon se vah jyaada parichit ho gaeen. apane kaam ke lie dhanyavaad, 2014 mein vah faichon kee adhyaksh chunee gaeen, jo deshee ampeeyaaku samudaayon ka ek sangh hai, jo kshetr ke any mool sanghon ke saath sahayog karane ka avasar pradaan karatee hai. unhonne kolambiya aur braajeel ke padosee naapo, putumaayo aur amezain nadiyon se ghire kshetr ke sanrakshan kee disha mein kaam kiya. yaguas aarakshit kshetr ke vargeekaran ke lie samiti ke sadasy ke roop mein, unhonne yaguas national park ke vikaas kee disha mein kaam kiya jisamen mool samudaayon ko ekeekrt aur sanrakshit kiya ja sake. 2017 mein, peroo ke paryaavaran mantraalay ne unhen chop 23 ke kaam mein bhaag lene ke lie aamantrit kiya. unhonne bon, jarmanee mein sanyukt raashtr jalavaayu parivartan sammelan mein yaguas national park par apane prastaav prastut kie.

## Sandarbh
Maria Chin Abdullah

**Maria Chin Abdullah** Petaling Jaya nirvaachan kshetr ke lie ek maleshiyaee sansad sadasy aur kaaryakarta hain jinhonne barsih railee kee aur svachchh aur nishpaksh chunaav 2.0 (barsih 2.0) gair-sarakaaree sangathan ke lie gathabandhan banaaya. vah maleshiya mein ek mahila aur maanavaadhikaar kaaryakarta hain aur 2013 se 2018 tak barsih 2.0 kee adhyaksh baneen. vah ol vimen ekshan sosaitee kee sansthaapak sadasy aur poorv adhyaksh theen. vah phaarasuaan kesedaaran komuniti selaangor (empovar) kee poorv kaaryakaaree nideshak bhee theen. maariya ne 1970 ke dashak ke maleshiyaee chhaatr kaaryakarta mohammad yoonus bin lebaee alee se mulaakaat kee. yoonus alee nirvaasan mein the aur philisteen mukti sangathan ke poorv svatantrata senaanee the. 1987 mein opareshan laalang ke parinaamasvaroop yoonus alee ko hiraasat mein liya gaya tha, jahaan 106 any saamaajik kaaryakartaon aur raajanetaon ke khilaaph aantarik suraksha adhiniyam ka istemaal kiya gaya tha. 1989 mein yoonus kee rihaee ke teen saal baad 1992 mein unakee shaadee huee thee. maariya ne tab islaam dharm apana liya tha. yoonus kee 2010 mein lyoopas se maut ho gaee thee. dampati ke teen bete hain, jinaka naam azumin mohammad yoonus, azeemaan maariya aur azemee maariya hai. 18 navambar 2016 ko, royal maleshiyaee pulis ne maariya ko suraksha aparaadh, vishesh upaay adhiniyam ke tahat giraphtaar kiya, jo maleshiyaee pulis ko kisee bhee aarop ko daayar karane se pahale 28 dinon ke lie ek vyakti ko hiraasat mein lene kee anumati deta hai. unhen 11 dinon kee hiraasat ke baad 28 navambar 2016 ko riha kar diya gaya tha. amerikee sarakaar ne sthaayee roop se jalae gae alagaav kaaraavaas prakoshth mein usakee najarabandee kee aalochana karate hue kaha ki amerikee sarakaar "raashtreey suraksha kaanoonon ke tahat maariya chin abdulla kee chal rahee najarabandee aur ekaant kaaraavaas se pareshaan hai". maleshiyaee sangheey sarakaar ke pramukh najeeb rajaak ke khilaaph bade paimaane par saarvajanik virodh pradarshan se ek din pahale unhen hiraasat mein liya gaya tha, jisamen 4 biliyan amerikee dolar ke raajy nidhi ghotaale se jude vyaapak bhrashtaachaar ke aarop the.

## Sandarbh
Joyce Clague

**Joyce Clague** (nee marsee; janm 22 julaee 1938) ek Australian raajaneetik kaaryakarta aur yegal bujurg hain. unakee sakriyata svadeshee aastreliyaee logon ke lie saamaajik parivartan par kendrit hae. vah 1967 ke sanvaidhaanik janamat sangrah ko bhadakaane mein prabhaavashaalee theen aur 1996 ke mool sheershak daave mein, jise yegal # 1 ke roop mein jaana jaata hae, jise 2015 mein sulajhaaya gaya tha. joyas kairolin marsee ka janm 22 julaee 1938 ko maikaleen ke nyoo sauth vels shahar mein hua tha, jo 15 bachchon mein se ek tha. yadyapi mishan skoolon mein jaane vaale aadivaasee bachchon ko apanee maatrbhaasha bolane se drdhata se hatotsaahit kiya gaya tha, klaig ne apane daada-daadee ke saath sanvaad karane aur apanee sanskrti ke saath ek majaboot sambandh banae rakhane ke lie yegal bhaasha seekhee. kishoree ke roop mein, usane sidanee mein narsing kee padhaee kee. kleg mile aur eborijinal-ostreliyaee phailoship ke pramukh sadasyon ke saath dost ban gae aur eborijins progresiv esosieshan ke sadasy ban gae. 1960 mein, unhonne nyooport, sidanee mein aadivaasee unnati sammelan ke lie teesare sangheey parishad mein hissa liya. unhen ek viziting ektivist, jaik hornar mein protsaahan mila. vah 1967 ke sanvaidhaanik janamat sangrah ko bhadakaane mein prabhaavashaalee theen. 1967 ke janamat sangrah ke baad, unhonne sangeetakaar jimee litil ke saath svadeshee aastreliyaee logon ko matadaata soochee mein laane ke abhiyaan par kaam kiya. vah 1967 ke janamat sangrah, vot yas phor eborijins ke baare mein philm mein bhee dikhaee deen. 1968 mein, vah uttaree kshetr kee vidhaan parishad ke lie khadee hueen, jisamen unake svatantr abhiyaan ne 6500 aadivaasee logon ke naamaankan ko protsaahit kiya. unhonne 1969 mein phedareshan kaunsil phor edavaansament oph eborijins (fchaatsi) ka aayojan kiya. unhen naslavaad ka mukaabala karane ke lie vishv charch aayog ka pratinidhi bhee niyukt kiya gaya tha. 1972 fchaatsi sammelan mein unhen uttaree kshetr ke raajy sachiv ke roop mein chuna gaya tha. unhonne nyoo sauth vels lokapaal ke kaaryaalay mein sahaayak jaanch adhikaaree ke roop mein bhee kaam kiya. vah ek sansthaapak sadasy theen aur unhonne preemiyar ke lie nyoo sauth vels mahila salaahakaar parishad ke roop mein do kaaryakaal die. 1977 mein, unhen membar oph da ordar oph da British empaayar se sammaanit kiya gaya. usake pita ne use aadivaasee logon kee or se sammaan sveekaar karane ke lie protsaahit kiya. vah emabeeee ko pahale se kaheen jyaada blaik ke roop mein sandarbhit karatee hae. 1980 ke dashak mein, vah nyoo sauth vels kee sansad ke donon sadanon mein ostreliyaee lebar paartee kee seeton ke lie poorv-chayan ke lie khadee hueen. vah ostreliyan ripablik moovament kee sadasy bhee theen. 1987 se shuroo hokar, vah koshaadhyaksh aur metropolitan laind kaunsil kee sadasy theen. maikaleen mein nungera sangrahaalay kaaphee had talak unakee pahal thee. pariyojana ke saath usakee bhaageedaaree ko samaapt karane ke baad, sangrahaalay antatah viphal ho gaya. 1986 mein, klaig ostreliyan myooziyam trast par trastee banane vaale pahale aadivaasee vyakti the.

## Sandarbh
Monica Clare

**Monica Clare** (13 agast 1924 - 1973) ek Australian aadivaasee raajaneetik kaaryakarta aur lekhak theen. vah ek upanyaas prakaashit karane vaalee pahalee svadeshee mahila theen. kleyar ka janm 13 agast 1924 ko kveensalaind mein goondeevindee ke paas dareel mein hua tha. vah aadivaasee kataranee dainiyal harbart maikagovan aur ek angrejee mahila, beetrais skot kee betee theen. usaka ek bhaee dain tha. apanee maan kee mrtyu ke baad, bachchon ko haibarapheeld mein shishuon ke lie yaasmaar ghar bheja gaya aur baad mein hoksabaree nadee par spensar ke paas unake khet mein bhaee-bahanon bil aur stela vudabaree ko paala gaya. 1935 mein adhikaariyon ne monika aur dain ko alag kar diya, jinhonne phir kabhee ek-doosare ko nahin dekha. monika ko tab straithapheeld mein skoolee shiksha milee thee, aur unhen ghareloo kaam mein prashikshit kiya gaya tha. sidanee upanagareey parivaaron ke lie kaee varshon tak kaam karane ke baad, kleyar ko agast 1942 mein raajy ke ek vaard se riha kar diya gaya tha. usake baad unhonne w. d. & h. o. vils (ostreliya) limited ke sigaret kaarakhaane jaise kaarakhaanon mein kaam kiya. nyoo sauth vels ke uttaree tat mein belavud rijarv mein aadivaasee samudaay se milane ke baad, kleyar nasl sambandhon aur shram raajaneeti mein shaamil ho gae. votasan kee sangheey seet ke lie deniyal kartin ke abhiyaan par kaam karate hue, unhonne la peros mein aadivaasee parivaaron ke saath kaam kiya, unhen vot dene ke lie naamaankit kiya. kleyar ne 1953 mein shaadee kee aur unakee ek betee thee, lekin baad mein unaka talaak ho gaya. isake baad unhonne 13 agast 1962 ko sangh ke adhikaaree leslee phorsith kleyar se shaadee kee. kleyar volongong mein sangh kee mahila samitiyon mein shaamil ho gae, leslee ke saath unakee yaatra par aadivaasee bhandaar kee sthitiyon ka nireekshan kiya. kleyar tab dakshin tat shram parishad kee aadivaasee samiti ke sachiv bane, jo aadivaasee logon ke lie behatar aavaas aur vitteey sahaayata dekhane ke lie pairavee kar rahe the. kleyar ka nidhan 13 julaee 1973 ko sidanee mein hua tha.

## Sandarbh
Essie Coffey

**Essie Coffey** (1941-1998) ka janm uttaree nyoo sauth vels mein gudooga ke paas hua tha. vah ek muruvaaree mahila theen aur pashchimee aadivaasee kaanoonee seva kee sah-sansthaapak theen aur unhonne kaee sarakaaree nikaayon aur aadivaasee samudaay sangathanon mein kaam kiya. usake parivaar ne mausamee graameen kaaryon ka paalan karake ek aadivaasee rijarv mein jabaran sthaanaantaran se parahej kiya. kofee ne pashchimee eborijinal leegal sarvis aur brevarareena mein eborijinal heritej end kalcharal myooziyam kee sah-sthaapana kee, jo eborijinal lainds trast aur eborijinal edavaijaree kaunsil sahit kaee sarakaaree nikaayon aur eborijinal saamudaayik sangathanon mein sevaarat hae. vah aadivaasee sulah parishad kee udghaatan sadasy theen. aadivaasee samudaay kee seva ke lie unhen 10 joon 1985 ko medal oph da ordar oph ostreliya (oam) se sammaanit kiya gaya. use emabeeee ke lie naamaankit kiya gaya tha, lekin usane yah kahate hue mana kar diya ki "mainne emabeeee ko vaapas khatakhataaya kyonki main british saamraajy ka sadasy nahin hoon". kofee ek sakriy philm nirmaata bhee the. 1978 mein unhonne ek aadivaasee ke roop mein maee sarvaival banaaya, jo unhonne 1988 mein ostreliya ke nae sansad bhavan ke udghaatan par ek upahaar ke roop mein mahaaraanee elijaabeth dviteey ko diya tha. philm ne sidanee philm mein vrttachitr philm ke lie gretar yooniyan puraskaar aur rooben maamauliyan puraskaar jeeta. mahotsav 1979. agalee kadee, maee laiph aiz aaee liv it, 1993 mein rileez huee. kofee baikarods philm mein bhee dikhaee dee. essee kofee aur unake pati, albart "doktar" kofee ne 8 bachchon kee paravarish kee aur 10 aur bachchon ko god liya.

## Savdarbh

## Bahari Link
* http://www.womenaustralia.info/biogs/IMP0121b.htm
* http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-vn3662848
* http://www.womenaustralia.info/leaders/biogs/WLE0216b.htm
Valentina Cherevatenko

**Valentina Cherevatenko** Dakshinee Russia, kaakeshas aur haal hee mein, Ukraine mein maanavaadhikaaron aur shaanti-nirmaan kee pahal ka ek anubhavee hae. vah don enajeeo kee mahila kee sansthaapak aur adhyaksh hain, jise 1993 mein sthaapit kiya gaya tha. 2016 mein in kaaranon ke lie velenteena kee lambee seva ko do antararaashtreey puraskaaron se maanyata milee thee. ek aktoobar 2016 mein ghoshit ek vishesh puraskaar tha, jise vaarshik anna politakovaskaaya puraskaar ke saath samavartee roop se diya jaana tha. (2016 kee mukhy puraskaar vijeta jeneth bedoya leema theen; unhen aur velenteena ne 11 maarch 2017 ko landan mein apane puraskaar praapt kie.) any puraskaar phraanseesee aur jarman sarakaaron dvaara sanyukt roop se banaaya gaya ek naya puraskaar hae. yah pahalee baar disambar 2016 mein barlin mein duniya bhar ke 15 purushon aur mahilaon ko pradaan kiya gaya tha. cherevatenko ko ye puraskaar pichhalee upalabdhi kee maanyata mein aur vartamaan utpeedan kee pratikriya ke roop mein die gae the. roosee sarakaar ne 2012 ke videshee ejent kaanoon ke tahat vailentaina cherevetenko ke khilaaph aaparaadhik aarop laakar usakee haal kee gatividhiyon aur don kee mahilaon ke saath apanee naaraajagee dikhaee hae. agar doshee thaharaaya jaata hai to use bhaaree jurmaana ya do saal kee svatantrata se vanchit hona padata hae. julaee 2017 ke ant mein, cherevatenko ke khilaaph aarop hata die gae the. velenteena rostov kshetr mein novocherkask mein palee-badhee aur ek bachche ke roop mein shahar mein 1962 kee ghatanaon ka hissa dekha (dekhen novocherkask narasanhaar). baad mein jeevan mein use pata chala ki usakee 23 varsheey maan ne un bhramit aur dukhad dinon ke dauraan ek pulisakarmee kee jaan bachaee thee. usake pita yookrenee the; novocherkask shahar ke yookren ke saath kaee aitihaasik sambandh hain, jaisa ki isake vartamaan nivaasiyon ke saath hae. ek sashastr sangharsh mein pahala hastakshep, 1990 sashastr sangharsh mein velenteena ka pahala hastakshep tab hua jab yooesesaar astitv mein tha. 1990 ke ant mein novocherkask mein sena ke bhartee kaaryaalayon ne shahar ke madhyam aayu varg ke jalaashayon ko bulaaya, unhen havaee jahaaj par bithaaya aur unhen soviyat ajarabaijaan kee raajadhaanee baakoo bhej diya. yah sthaaneey chhah-maasik prashikshan shivir nahin tha jisamen aamataur par aise purush bhaag lete the aur ajarabaijaan mein jaaree ashaanti aur hinsa kee aphavaahon ne un logon ko chintit kar diya jinake pati aur pita ab vahaan bheje gae the. kaarakhaane ke nideshak jahaan velenteena kaam kar rahee thee, ne use aur usakee teem ko apane teleks tak pahunch pradaan kee aur unhonne soviyat aur aaresephesaar sarakaaron mein gorbaachev, yeltasin aur any nirnay nirmaataon ko tatkaal sandesh bheje. nateejatan, log ghar laut aae. ve baakoo mein havaee adde se aage nahin badhe the ya yuddh mein lage hue the, lekin kuchh pahale hee aavaara goliyon se maare ja chuke the.

## Sandarbh
Malini Chib

**Malini Chib** (janm 1966) ek Bharatiya vikalaangata adhikaar kaaryakarta aur lekhak hain jinhen serebral paalsee hae. chib ne keval ek ungalee se taip karake do saal ke dauraan van litil phingar kitaab likhee. maalinee ka janm 1966 mein kolakaata, bhaarat mein hua tha. janm ke dauraan unhen okseejan kee kamee se mastishk pakshaaghaat ho gaya tha. usake maata-pita usake janm ke baad usakee behatar dekhabhaal ke lie inglaind chale gae. usake bhaee nikhil ke janm ke baad, parivaar vaapas bhaarat chala gaya. choonki koee bhee skool unhen ek chhaatr ke roop mein nahin lega, isalie unakee maan mithoo aloor ne da sentar phor speshal ejukeshan naamak ek skool shuroo kiya. maalinee baad mein serebral paalsee vaale vidyaarthiyon ke lie ek bording skool thomas delaaru skool mein hissa lene ke lie inglaind laut aaee. vah mumbee vishvavidyaalay se sambaddh sent jeviyars kolej mein hissa lene ke lie bhaarat laut aaeen, jahaan unhonne beee kiya. vah landan vishvavidyaalay ke shiksha sansthaan mein ling adhyayan mein maastar digree praapt karane ke lie vaapas inglaind chalee gaeen. philm nirmaata shonaalee bos unakee pahalee chacheree bahan hae. disambar 2010 mein, chib ne sej pablishing dvaara prakaashit apanee pahalee pustak aur aatmakatha van litil phingar likhee. pustak ko sameekshakon dvaara saraaha gaya. 2015 mein, unhonne aaee pheel normal inasaid sheershak se ek adhyaay likha. baahar, mera shareer nahin hae! entholojee mein vikalaangata, ling aur shakti ke prakshepavakr aasha hans dvaara sampaadit aur sej pablishing dvaara prakaashit. chib adapt raits grup ke sansthaapak aur sah-adhyaksh hain, jo adapt (ebal disebal ol peepal tugedar) sangathan ka ek hissa hae. raits grup ka gathan is vishvaas ke saath kiya gaya tha ki "saksham" aur "aksham" donon ko ek "samaaveshee" samaaj banaane ke lie milakar kaam karana chaahie jahaan "sabhee" ka svaagat aur samaavesh ho. vah pustakaalay aur meediya sevaon kee pramukh bhee hae. vah adapt raits grup ke sookshm aur sthool vakaalat prayaason ke lie jimmedaar hae. unhonne vikalaang yuvaon ke lie ek samaaveshee rojagaar mela aayojit karane ke apane kaushal ka istemaal kiya. vah vyaktiyon, koraporets, maata-pita, peshevaron aur vikalaang kaaryakartaon ke lie sashaktikaran aur sanvedeekaran paathyakram bhee sanchaalit karatee hae.

## Sandarbh
Mercedes Colás de Meroño

**Mercedes Colás de Meroño** (vila devoto, 11 julaee, 1925 - 21 aprail, 2021) Argentina ke maanavaadhikaar kaaryakarta, madars oph plaaja de meyo esosieshan ke upaadhyaksh the. unake pita, jos maariya kolaas, ek eent banaane vaale aur araajakataavaadee ugravaadee the, jo 1930 ke sainy takhtaapalat ke baad, jos pheliks ureeburu taanaashaahee dvaara satae jaane lage. agale varsh, parivaar - usake pita, usakee maan, usakee badee bahan aur chhah saal kee umr mein khud ko maut kee dhamakee ke kaaran desh se bhaagana pada aur spen ke navara ke ek shahar lodosa mein bas gaya. 1936 mein, spenish grhayuddh chhidane ke baad, unake pita, doosare spenish ganaraajy ke ek kaaryakarta, ko phaaseevaadee samoohon dvaara tudela shahar mein golee maar dee gaee thee. gyaarah saal kee merono ko ek kraantikaaree kee betee ke roop mein pahachaanane aur shaheed karane ke tareeke ke roop mein shoony kar diya gaya tha. "mainne spenish grhayuddh ka ek saal bitaaya jahaan mere pita ko golee maar dee gaee thee aur main, jo 11 saal ka tha, ne apane baal steel se katavae the." 1939 mein, chaudah varsh kee aayu mein, vah arjenteena laut aaee kyonki use lagaataar jaan se maarane kee dhamakee dee jaatee rahee. us umr mein usane phraansisko merono se shaadee kar lee, jisase usane unnees saal kee umr mein shaadee kar lee. ek saal baad, 4 joon, 1946 ko unakee ikalautee betee elisiya norma merono ka janm hua. ela ela ka 21 aprail, 2021 ko pachaanave varsh kee aayu mein nidhan ho gaya. maataon ke lie pravesh 5 janavaree, 1978 ko, jab vah ikatees varsh kee thee, usakee betee elisiya ka byoonas aayars shahar mein 4285 benito juaarez street par usake ghar se apaharan kar liya gaya tha. ela 9 ela tab se laapata hae. vah talaakashuda thee aur usake teen bachche the, maartin, petreesiya aur liendro. aath maheene baad, ek aur paarivaarik traasadee ke kaaran avasaad se peedit hone ke baad, marsideej kolaas dee merono ne pahalee baar paaramparik maarch mein hissa liya, jo ki plaaja de meyo kee maataen har guruvaar ko karatee hain. unake pati ne unhen un mahilaon ke baare mein bataaya tha, jinhonne saphed dupatta pahana tha.

## Sandarbh
Diana Collins

**Diana Collins** (13 agast 1917 - 23 maee 2003) ek Angrejee kaaryakarta aur jon kolins kee patnee theen, jo sent pol kaithedral ke ek ugr siddhaant the, jinhonne paramaanu nirastreekaran abhiyaan aur british abhiyaan ke apane netrtv ke lie ek antararaashtreey khyaati arjit kee thee. dakshin aphreeka mein rangabhed ke khilaaph vah in udyamon aur any gatividhiyon mein unakee bhaageedaar thee. unaka janm statan hol, safok mein hua tha. unhonne kolins, phir oriyal kolej ke deen aur baad mein paramaanu nirastreekaran abhiyaan ke adhyaksh se shaadee karane ke lie ledee maargaret hol, oksaphord mein angrejee padhana chhod diya. 1940 mein, unake pati aareeph mein paadaree ke roop mein shaamil hue. 1946 mein kolins ne oksaphord taun hol mein ek saarvajanik baithak bulaee, jisamen eesaiyon ko saamaajik aur raajaneetik kaarravaee mein shaamil hone ka aahvaan kiya gaya. isane jon kolins ke adhyaksh ke roop mein seedhe krishchiyan ekshan ke gathan kee or agrasar kiya. daayana kolins ne krishchiyan ekshan kee patrika ka sampaadan kiya. kolins ke doston mein sar staiford krips, bishap trevar hadalastan, lord chaansalar, geraald gaardinar, viktar golaanz, jebee preestalee, jaikveta hoks, bartrend rasel aur olivar taimbo shaamil the. sabhee entee-kaipital saza, paramaanu-virodhee prasaar, rangabhed-virodhee aur any pragatisheel kaaranon mein sakriy the. unhonne kaale dakshin aphreekiyon ka samarthan karane ke lie raksha aur sahaayata kosh shuroo kiya. daayana kolins ne gupt roop se dakshin aphreeka kee yaatra kee, jab unake pati ke us desh mein pravesh par pratibandh laga diya gaya tha. kolins ne rivoniya mukadame mein nelsan mandela kee raksha sahit sarvashreshth bairistaron dvaara apane kaaranon kee kaanoonee raksha ke lie badee rakam jutaee. 1982 mein apane pati kee mrtyu ke baad, kolins 1991 tak dakshinee aphreeka ke lie antarraashtreey raksha aur sahaayata kosh kee trastee ban gaeen, aur eesaee kaary parishad mein banee raheen. usane apanee shaadee ka lekha-jokha likha, paartanars in protest. unhonne taim end da preestaleez (1994), apane doston, lekhak je.bee. preestalee aur unakee patnee ka ek lekh bhee likha.

## Sandarbh
Priscilla Collins

**Priscilla Collins** ek pramukh aadivaasee neta, adhivakta aur teleevijan nirmaata hain. kolins vartamaan mein uttaree Australia aadivaasee nyaay ejensee ke mukhy kaaryakaaree adhikaaree hain, jo Australia ke uttaree kshetr kee sabase badee kaanoonee pharm hai. kolins poorvee arrente vansh ke hain aur madhy ostreliya ke ailis springs mein bade hue hain, jo paanch bachchon mein sabase bade hain. kolins uttaree kshetr mein aadivaasee logon ko prabhaavit karane vaale muddon par ek mukhar adhivakta hain, jisamen jel mein aadivaasee logon ka adhik pratinidhitv, bheedabhaad aur beghar hona aur uttaree kshetr kee sarakaar ke doorasth saarvajanik aavaas ke kuprabandhan mein samasyaen shaamil hain. kolins vartamaan mein uttaree ostreliyaee aadivaasee nyaay ejensee, ek aadivaasee aur tores stret aailaindar kaanoonee seva ke mukhy kaaryakaaree adhikaaree hain, jo uttaree kshetr kee sabase badee kaanoonee pharm bhee hai. kolins ko 2011 mein samudaay aur sarakaar ke lie telstra bijanes vuman avaard se sammaanit kiya gaya tha. vah daanila dilaba svaasthy seva kee gair-sadasy nideshak hain. vah pahale ostreliya ke sabase bade aadivaasee meediya sangathan sentral ostreliyan eborijinal meediya esosieshan kee mukhy kaaryakaaree adhikaaree theen. kolins ostreliya ke pahale svadeshee teleevijan steshan kee sthaapana mein bhaaree roop se shaamil the. vah indijinas bijanes ostreliya, imparja teleevizan, neshanal indijinas teleevizan sarvis aur indijinas skreen ostreliya, myoozikenatee aur ostreliyan indijinas kamyunikeshans esosieshan kee cheyaraparsan ke bord mein rahee hain. kolins ne esabeees aur ebeesee ke lie teleevijan vrttachitron ka nirmaan kiya hai. jab unake bachchon ne tippanee kee ki unake vrttachitr ubaoo hain, to unhonne bachchon ke teleevijan sho banaane ka phaisala kiya. vah ek vyaavasaayik netavark, chainal nain aur dizanee ke lie nirmit dabal trabal naamak pahalee svadeshee bachchon kee teleevizan shrrnkhala kee kaaryakaaree nirmaata aur nirmaata theen. 2008 mein sarvashreshth baal naatak ke lie dabal trabal ko Australia philm sansthaan puraskaar ke lie naamaankit kiya gaya tha.

## Sandarbh
Gladys Cook

**Gladys Cook** (18 agast, 1929 - 9 maee, 2009) ek Canada ke dakota bujurg aur kaaryakarta the. usake dakota naam topaah-hade-vin aur vaakan-maneevin the. kuk mainitoba mein sioks vailee pharst neshan ke mool nivaasee the. chaar saal kee umr mein, use elkhorn, mainitoba mein ek aavaaseey vidyaalay mein bheja gaya, jahaan vah solah varsh kee umr tak rahee. vahaan rahate hue, use apanee viraasat ko nakaarane ke lie majaboor kiya gaya tha. vahaan rahate hue, usake saath chaar baar balaatkaar kiya gaya, pahalee baar 1937 mein. skool chhodane ke baad vah ek aspataal hausakeepar ke roop mein kaam karane ke lie yaankatan, sauth dakota chalee gaee. dviteey vishv yuddh ke ant mein, usane guaam aur havaee se sain diego, kailiforniya mein ghaayal sainikon ko lekar ek aspataal ke jahaaj par kaam kiya. yaankatan lautane ke baad, unhonne 1950 mein ek sthaaneey, kliph kuk, dakota se shaadee kee. unake saath unake teen bachche the; vah sharaabee tha, aur use aur unake bachchon ko peeta, isalie antatah usane use chhod diya aur portej la preyaree, mainitoba chalee gaee. vahaan, usane ek any aavaaseey vidyaalay mein kaam kiya aur sthaaneey gharon kee saphaee kee. is dauraan vah apane bachchon ko parivaar ke saath chhod gaee. kuk englikan charch mein ek neta ban jaega. 1978 se 1996 tak, unhonne portej la preyaree mein neshanal netiv alkohal end drag ebyooj prograam ka samanvay kiya. usane logon ko aavaaseey vidyaalayon aur mool eesaee dharm mein hone vaalee gaaliyon ke baare mein bhee shikshit kiya. 1991 mein, usane ek skool ke punarmilan mein apane balaatkaaree ka saamana kiya, antatah use kshama kar diya. portej la preyaree mein kuk kee mrtyu ho gaee. apane jeevan mein, gledis vibhinn gatividhiyon mein aur vibhinn samoohon jaise: da kraim, alkohal end drag kametee; yooth jastis kametee, kvest grup hom phor garls, mahila sudhaar kendr, sent norbart phaundeshan, agaaseej yooth sentar. vah englikan charch kee sadasy theen aur hamesha un bhaarateeyon kee madad karatee theen jinake saath aavaaseey skoolon mein durvyavahaar kiya jaata tha. apane jeevan ke dauraan gledis ne kaee puraskaar jeete jinamen gavarnar janaral ka puraskaar, mainitoba ka aadesh, kanaada padak parisangh kee 125veen varshagaanth, preemiyar ka svayansevee seva puraskaar, vaeeem/vaeedablyooseee vuman oph distinkshan avaard, svaasthy ke lie mainitoba medikal esosieshan avaard shaamil hain. ya sephtee pramoshan, ordar oph roopartsalaind aur neshanal eborijinal acheevament avaard.

## Savdarbh
Sarah Corbett

**Sarah Corbett** ek vakta, peshevar kaaryakarta, lekhak aur kraaphtivist kalektiv kee sansthaapak hain, ek saamaajik udyam jo shilpavaad kee takaneek ka upayog karata hai - shilp aur sakriyata ka sanyojan - logon ko saamaajik nyaay ke muddon mein shaamil karane ke lie "ek shaant, gair-takaraavapoorn tareeke se jisamen sundar shaamil hai , avagya ke dastakaaree ishaare." unhonne e litil buk oph kraaphtivijm likha jo 2013 mein prakaashit hua tha, aur hau too bee e kraaphtivist, 2017 mein prakaashit hua tha. korbet ke paas "shilp ke lie ek bada junoon" hae. ek kalaakaar ya shilpakaar ke roop mein unaka koee aupachaarik prashikshan nahin hai, yah kahate hue ki "main yah kar sakatee hoon koee bhee kar sakata hai." usaka mukhy shilp kros-silaee hai, jisaka upayog vah aksar minee-virodh bainar banaane ke lie karatee hae. usane apane kaam ko "logon ko abhee bhee sangharshon ke baare mein janata ko jaagarook karane ke lie rachanaatmakata" ka upayog karane ke roop mein varnit kiya hae. unhonne paarsans da nyoo skool phor dizain end leeds kolej of aart mein atithi vyaakhyaan bhee die hain, phaalamauth vishvavidyaalay ke saath ek pariyojana mein bhaag liya hai aur british sangrahaalay ke lie ek tvitar cheyar aur atithi blogar rahe hain. vah kraaphtee maigazeen aur mrxstitchh.chom ke lie ek stambhakaar hain aur abhiyaan sentral ke lie niyamit roop se blog karatee hain. korbet ko stichd storeez mein dikhaaya gaya tha, jo nordarn prodakshans kee ek dokyoomentree hae. vah lash speekesee podakaast ke lie not noing par charcha karane vaalee ek painalist bhee theen. korbet kee 2016 tok ektivijm needs introvarts ko navambar 2017 mein ted homapej par pradarshit kiya gaya tha aur tab se ise 1 miliyan se adhik baar dekha ja chuka hae. korbet 1980 ke dashak mein livarapool ke vest evartan mein pale-badhe, jab yah yooke ke sabase vanchit vaardon mein se ek tha. unakee maan livarapool mein ek sthaaneey paarshad hain aur unake pita ek paadaree hain. korbet kee raajaneeti par unake maata-pita ka bada prabhaav raha hai, udaaharan ke lie unhen ek bachche ke roop mein dakshin aphreeka le jaakar aur sthaaneey aavaas ko vidhvans se bachaane ke virodh mein. usane kaha hai, "ham kabhee bhee rasoee kee mej ke aasapaas dharm aur raajaneeti ke baare mein baat karate hain."

## Savdarbh
Marlene Cummins

**Marlene Cummins** ek Jaiz blooz gaayak, saiksofonist, geetakaar, kalaakaar, aadivaasee ostreliyaee kaaryakarta, prasaarak, nartak aur abhineta hain. kaee kaaryakarta unhen ostreliya kee enjela devis maanate hain. kamins ko ostreliya ka agranee svadeshee blooz kalaakaar maana jaata hai, aur vah big maama thornatan, eta jems aur re chaarls se prabhaavit hain. unhonne barkalee kolej of myoozik mein apane kaushal ka sammaan kiya. unake baind mein mare kuk aur reks goh shaamil hain. vah kooree rediyo par blooz aur roots sangeet ke apane vishaal gyaan ko pradarshit karatee hai, jahaan vah maarlooz blooz kee mejabaanee karatee hai, jo ek svadeshee drshtikon se sangeet aur charcha pradaan karatee hai. is sho ne unhen 2009 ke dedalee avaards mein brodakaastar oph da eeyar ka puraskaar jeeta. maarleen ne apanee pahalee rileez "vhichave ap" ko lekhak aur kalaakaar yashaayaah bee brant ke saath sah-lekhan kiya, eepee ko tonee buchen dvaara rikord aur nirmit kiya gaya aur 2008 mein rileez kiya gaya. "vhichave ap" ne sheersh 10 ostreliyaee blooz rediyo chaart banae aur dvaara uthaaya gaya qantas jahaan yah uchch roteshan par prasaarit hua. kamins ne redafarn samudaay ko vaapas dene ke ek tareeke ke roop mein pemulvay ke baare mein ek geet likha, jo unhen ek naayak ke roop mein dekhate hain. prins viliyam ke lie nrty karane ke baad, usane use geet kee ek prati dee aur use kahaanee ke mahatv ke baare mein bataaya, saath hee pemulvu ke sir ko apane logon ke paas vaapas laane ke lie ek yaachika bhee dee. unhonne sailee morgan ke kaam par aadhaarit griphin thietar kampanee ke prodakshan shaark aailaind storeez ke lie sangeet pradaan kiya. unaka pahala poorn-lambaee vaala elbam, kooree vuman blooz, mool aur paaramparik blooz geeton ka mishran hai aur isamen atithi gil askee, phiyona boyaz, maark etakins aur shainan baarnet shaamil hain. vah boomaraing ele naamak apane geeton ka upayog karake ek sangeet manch sho mein kaam kar rahee hai. kamins 16 saal kee umr mein aadivaasee tent dootaavaas mein shaamil hue aur 1970 ke dashak mein aadivaasee adhikaar aandolan ke kendr mein the. vah ostreliyaee blaik painthar paartee kee sansthaapak sadasy theen, jo amerikan blaik painthar paartee se prerit thee. usane chikitsa, shaikshik aur kaanoonee sevaon, bhoomi adhikaaron ke lie abhiyaan chalaaya aur "suar gashtee" par pulis ke aacharan kee nigaraanee kee. use ek apamaanajanak pulis adhikaaree ke saath ashleel bhaasha ka upayog karane ke lie giraphtaar kiya gaya tha, aur jamaanat se pharaar ho gaya aur nyoojeelaind bhaag gaya. 2012 mein unhonne kaithaleen neel kleevar dvaara aayojit nyooyork mein blaik painthars kee ek antararaashtreey sabha mein bhaag liya.

## Sandarbh
Maria Dąbrowska

**Maria Dąbrowska** ([dɔmˈbrɔfsk]; janm maariya zumska; 6 aktoobar 1889 - 19 maee 1965) ek Polish lekhak, upanyaasakaar, nibandhakaar, patrakaar aur naatakakaar theen, jo 1932 ke beech likhe gae lokapriy polish aitihaasik upanyaas nose aaee nee (naits end dez) kee lekhika theen. aur 1934 chaar alag-alag khandon mein. upanyaas ko isee sheershak se 1975 mein jerazee entazaak dvaara ek philm mein banaaya gaya tha. dabroska ko 1935 mein polish saahity akaadamee ke pratishthit goldan lorel se sammaanit kiya gaya tha. unhen saahity mein nobel puraskaar ke lie paanch baar naamaankit kiya gaya tha. unhonne saimual peps kee daayaree ka polish mein anuvaad kiya. daabroska ka janm zaarist sainy niyantran ke tahat, kaalis, kaangres polaind ke paas rooso mein maariya zumska ke roop mein hua tha. usake maata-pita gareeb jameendaaron (zimiya-stavo) ke the. maariya esotropiya se peedit thee, jisase vah "kros-aaid" dikhaee de rahee thee. unhonne lozen aur brusels mein samaajashaastr, darshan aur praakrtik vigyaan ka adhyayan kiya, aur 1917 mein vaaraso mein bas gaeen. saahity aur raajaneeti donon mein ruchi rakhate hue, unhonne gareebee mein paida hue logon kee madad karane ke lie khud ko samarpit kar diya. yuddh ke beech kee avadhi mein, daibroska ne polish krshi mantraalay mein asthaayee roop se kaam kiya, jabaki akhabaaron kee riporting aur saarvajanik jeevan mein adhik se adhik udyam kiya. 1927 mein vah maanavaadhikaaron ke baare mein likhane mein adhik shaamil hueen. apane upanyaason, naatakon aur akhabaaron ke lekhon mein unhonne aam logon kee duniya mein kathinaiyon aur jeevan ke dukhon ke manovaigyaanik parinaamon ka vishleshan kiya. maariya ne mairien debrovaskee se shaadee kee, jinakee 36 saal kee umr mein achaanak mrtyu ho gaee. unaka doosara deerghakaalik saathee 19 varsheey stainislaav staimpovskee tha, jisake saath vah dviteey vishv yuddh ke phailane tak ek saamaany kaanoon vivaah mein rahatee thee. polaind ke kabje ke dauraan, vah vaaraso mein raheen aur polish bhoomigat ke saanskrtik jeevan ka samarthan kiya. lagabhag usee samay, vah anna kovaalska aur ek saahityik yugal jerazee kovaalskee se mileen. unhonne ek menej e trois ka gathan kiya, aur maariya ko 1946 mein jerazee se ek bachcha hua, lekin 1948 mein unakee achaanak mrtyu ho gaee. donon mahilaen agale 20 varshon tak ek rishte mein raheen, haalaanki maariya ne anna kee phir se shaadee karane kee koshish kee. staalinavaadee kaal ke dauraan dobroska ko ordar oph poloniya restituta se sammaanit kiya gaya tha. 1964 mein vah sanskrti kee svatantrata ke sambandh mein pradhaan mantree jozef sairankeevikz ko tathaakathit 34 ke patr ke hastaaksharakartaon mein se ek theen. 1965 mein 75 varsh kee aayu mein vaaraso ke klinik mein unakee mrtyu ho gaee.

## Sandarbh
Atena Daemi

**Atena Daemi** (janm 1988) ek Iranian naagarik adhikaar kaaryakarta, bachchon ke adhikaar kaaryakarta, maanavaadhikaar kaaryakarta aur eeraan mein raajaneetik kaidee hain. demee ko aakhiree baar navambar 2016 mein giraphtaar kiya gaya tha aur unhen saat saal jel kee saja sunaee gaee thee. jin shaantipoorn gatividhiyon ke lie un par aarop lagaaya gaya tha, unamen mrtyu-virodhee patrak vitarit karana aur eeraan ke nishpaadan rikord kee aalochana karate hue phesabuk aur tvitar par post karana shaamil hai. baad mein, demee aur usakee bahanon ko "dyootee par adhikaariyon ka apamaan" karane ke aarop mein giraphtaar kiya gaya aur saja sunaee gaee. baad kee apeelon ne us doshasiddhi ko ulat diya aur demee kee mool saja ko kam kar diya. demee evin jel (9 aprail 2017 - 1 joon 2017, 55 din) aur teharaan ke paas shahar-e re jel mein (24 janavaree 2018 - 15 pharavaree 2018, 22 din) bhookh hadataal par rahe hain. vah evin jel ke bheetar se sharton aur maut kee saja ke khilaaph virodh jaaree rakhatee hai. unhen emanestee intaraneshanal dvaara antaraatma kee bandee maana jaata hai. demee ne teharaan mein pratishthit rivolyooshan sports klab mein kaam kiya. usane mrtyudand ko samaapt karane kee apeel ke virodh mein bhaag liya, aur seeriya mein bachchon kee or se railiyon mein bhaag liya. atena demee ko 21 aktoobar 2014 ko giraphtaar kiya gaya tha; use ekaant kaaraavaas mein rakha gaya, ek vakeel tak pahunch se vanchit rakha gaya, aur 86 dinon tak baar-baar poochhataachh kee gaee. 14 janavaree 2015 ko unhen evin jel kee mahila ving mein sthaanaantarit kar diya gaya tha. un par "raashtreey suraksha ke khilaaph ikattha hone aur mileebhagat karane", "sistam ke khilaaph prachaar phailaane", "saboot chhipaane" aur "islaamik ripablik oph eeraan ke sansthaapak aur sarvochch neta ka apamaan karane" ka aarop lagaaya gaya tha.

## Sandarbh
Nitsana Darshan-Leitner

**Nitsana Darshan-Leitner** ek Israeli vakeel, maanavaadhikaar kaaryakarta aur shurat haadeen izarailee lo sentar ke sansthaapak hain. vah aatank ke vittaposhan, bahishkaar aur vinivesh abhiyaanon ke khilaaph kaanoonee ladaee ka netrtv kar rahee hai, aur apane dushmanon dvaara yahoodee raajy ke khilaaph istemaal kee jaane vaalee kaee kaanoonee rananeeti ka mukaabala kar rahee hai. izarail sthit naagarik adhikaar sangathan, sharat haadeen-izarail lo sentar ke adhyaksh ke roop mein, unhonne aatankavaadee sangathanon aur unake samarthakon ke khilaaph kaanoonee kaarravaee mein saikadon aatankavaadee peediton ka pratinidhitv kiya hai. darshan-litanar ne apanee or se muaavaje mein do sau miliyan dolar se adhik kee saphalataapoorvak vasoolee kee hai. haal ke varshon mein, darshan-litanar ne aatankavaadiyon ko phesabuk, tvitar aur yootyoob jaise soshal meediya sansaadhanon se vanchit karane ke lie ek kaanoonee abhiyaan shuroo kiya, jisaka upayog ve yahoodiyon ke khilaaph hinsa bhadakaane aur aatankavaadee hamalon ko badhaava dene ke lie karate hain. yahoodee-virodhee aur ijaraayal-virodhee gatividhiyon se nipatane ke apane prayaason mein, darshan-litanar ne gaaja phlotila ko avaruddh karane mein sahaayata kee, sainikon ko yuddh aparaadhon ke lie abhiyogit karane ke prayaason ko samaapt kar diya, aur kaanoon ke ullanghan mein ijaraayalee shikshaavidon aur kampaniyon ka bahishkaar karane vaalon ke khilaaph kaanoonee kaarravaee kee. . darshan-litanar ko jeroosalam post dvaara duniya ke 50 sabase prabhaavashaalee yahoodiyon mein se ek ke roop mein chuna gaya tha, aur izarailee phorbs patrika dvaara 50 sabase prabhaavashaalee izarailee mahilaon mein se ek ke roop mein naamit kiya gaya tha. darshan-litanar ka janm izarail ke peta tikava mein ek phaarasee yahoodee parivaar mein hua tha. unaka parivaar raajy kee sthaapana ke samay eeraan mein shiraaj ke baahar ek chhote se gaanv se izarail chala gaya tha. unhonne baar-ilaan vishvavidyaalay se kaanoon kee padhaee kee hai aur mainachestar vishvavidyaalay se emabeee kiya hai. 1990 ke dashak mein, darshan-letanar ne 1985 ke akil lauro apaharan ke peediton kee or se ek maamale ko chalaane mein madad kee. is maamale par kaam ke dauraan, vah ek apahartaon mein se ek, mohammad abbaas ko rokane ke prayaas mein ijaraayal ke sarvochch nyaayaalay ke samaksh pesh huee. ijarail jaane kee ijaajat dee ja rahee hai. 2003 mein, darshan-litanar ne tel aveev mein shurat haadeen - izarail lo sentar kee sthaapana kee. shurat hadin ek izarailee-aadhaarit naagarik adhikaar kendr hai jo aatankavaad ke peediton kee or se mukadamon aur kaanoonee kaarravaiyon ko laane par kendrit hai. usane kaha hai ki vah dakshinee gareebee kaanoon kendr kee gatividhiyon se prabhaavit thee jisane naagarik mukadamebaajee ke maadhyam se nav-naajee samoohon kee kaee shaakhaon ko divaaliya kar diya tha. shurat haadeen kee sthaapana mein, usane not kiya ki usaka lakshy "aatankavaadiyon ke peechhe usee tarah jaana tha jaise ve naslavaadiyon ke peechhe ja rahe the".

## Sandarbh
Sara L.M. Davis

**Sara L.M. Davis** ek maanavaadhikaar adhivakta, lekhak aur shodhakarta hain. France mein janme Davis French, Angrejee aur Mandarin bolate hain. unhonne pensilaveniya vishvavidyaalay se doktaret kee upaadhi praapt kee aur yel vishvavidyaalay aur kailiphorniya vishvavidyaalay los enjils mein postadoktaral pheloship praapt kee. devis grejuet insteetyoot, jineva mein dijital svaasthy aur adhikaar pariyojana par varishth shodhakarta hain. unhonne pahale jineva sentar phor ejukeshan end risarch in hyoomainiteriyan ekshan mein sangharshon aur aapaat sthitiyon mein yaun hinsa par paathyakram padhaaya. vah eds, tapedik aur maleriya se ladane ke lie global phand mein varishth maanavaadhikaar salaahakaar theen, jahaan unhonne 140 deshon mein anudaan samajhauton ke lie nyoonatam maanavaadhikaar maanakon kee sthaapana kee prakriya ka netrtv kiya, jo global phand samarthan praapt karate hain; mahaanireekshak ke vaishvik kosh kaaryaalay mein maanavaadhikaar shikaayat prakriya shuroo kee; aur global phand echaeevee, teebee, maleriya aur svaasthy pranaalee sudrdheekaran anudaan ke hisse ke roop mein maanavaadhikaar kaaryakramon ke vittaposhan par anudaan maargadarshan prakaashit aur kaaryaanvit kiya. global phand mein shaamil hone se pahale vah eshiya kaitalist kee sansthaapak theen, jo ek gair-laabhakaaree sangathan hai jo poorv aur dakshin poorv eshiya mein haashie ke samudaayon ke saath kaam karata hai. devis ne 2006 mein eshiya utprerak kee sthaapana kee. isase pahale, unhonne hyooman raits voch aur opan sosaitee insteetyoot ke lie shodh aur vakaalat kee. devis ne cheen, thaeelaind, barma, kambodiya aur indoneshiya mein echaeevee/eds aur maanavaadhikaar, pulis durvyavahaar, aavaas adhikaar, paryaavaran adhikaar aur kaanoon ke shaasan se sambandhit muddon par kaam kiya hai. devis svaasthy aur maanavaadhikaaron par kaee lekhon ke saath-saath do pustakon ke lekhak hain: da anakaunted: politiks oph deta in global helth (kaimbrij yoonivarsitee pres, 2020) aur song end sailens: ethanik rivaival on chainaaj sauthavest bordars, (kolambiya yoonivarsitee) pres, 2005 aur silkavarm buks, 2006). kaarmel viliyams ke saath, unhonne "big deta, teknolojee, aartiphishiyal intelijens aur svaasthy ke adhikaar" par svaasthy aur maanavaadhikaar jarnal ke ek vishesh ank ka sah-sampaadan kiya. unake lekh jarnal of da intaraneshanal eds sosaitee, helth end hyooman raits, vol street jarnal eshiya, intaraneshanal heraald tribyoon, sauth chaina morning post, echaeevee lo end polisee rivyoo, haarm ridakshan jarnal aur modarn chaina mein chhape hain.

## Sandarbh
Caroline De Costa

**Caroline De Costa** (nee dauns; janm 1947) James Cook University, Queensland, Australia mein prasooti aur stree rog ke professor hain, saath hee saath svadeshee svaasthy aur garbhapaat adhikaaron ke lie ek vakeel hain. vah medikal nonaphikshan kitaaben aur aparaadh upanyaas bhee likhatee hain. dee kosta ka janm sidanee, ostreliya mein hua tha, jahaan unhonne 1963 mein sidanee vishvavidyaalay mein chikitsa ka adhyayan shuroo kiya, ek saal baad yaatra karane ke lie baahar jaane se pahale. unhonne 1967 mein aayaralaind ke royal kolej of sarjans mein dabalin mein apanee snaatak chikitsa kee padhaee phir se shuroo kee. 1973 mein vah port moresbee janaral aspataal mein ek rejeedensee poora karane ke lie paapua nyoo ginee chalee gaeen, jisake baad vah visheshagy ka kaam karane ke lie aayaralaind laut aaeen. prasooti evan stree rog mein prashikshan. unhonne 1978 mein royal kolej of obstetrishiyan end gaayanekolojists ke saath apana diploma poora kiya, 1980 mein royal kolej of phijishiyan aur sarjan of glaasago kee phelo baneen, 1981 mein royal ostreliyan end nyoozeelaind kolej of obstetrishiyan end gaayanekolojists kee phelo, aur ek 1990 mein royal kolej of obstetrishiyan end gaayanekolojist ke phelo. 1994 mein, vah kerns chalee gaeen jahaan unhonne 2013 tak apana naidaanik ​​abhyaas jaaree rakha. 1994 aur 2009 se dee kosta kerns bes aspataal ke maadhyam se prophesar maikal hamphree dvaara sthaapit aautareech visheshagy prasooti aur stree rog seva ka hissa tha, jo poore sudoor uttar kveensalaind mein sevaen pradaan karata tha. dee kosta lagabhag 90 shodh lekhon aur kaee paathyapustakon ke lekhak hain. unake shodh ke pramukh kshetr svadeshee mahilaon ke bachchon mein bhroon alkohal sindrom mein kamee, sudoor uttaree kveensalaind mein garbhavatee mahilaon kee vitaamin dee star kee aavashyakataon ke saath-saath seezeriyan sekshan mein janm lena hai. unhonne seezeriyan sekshan janmon ke itihaas par shodh karane vaale do hains pol kee dekharekh mein sidanee vishvavidyaalay mein peeechadee pooree kee. unakee theesis ek kitaab ka vishay ban gaee, hel seezar: kyon teen ostreliyaee bachchon mein se ek seezeriyan sekshan dvaara paida hota hai, 2008 mein prakaashit hua.

## Sandarbh