Karl Marx

**Karl Heinrich Marx** (5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) ek German thinker aur political thinker rahaa jon ki paisa (economics) aur (politics) ke baare me likis rahaa. Marx ii sochat rahaa ki agar ek jagha majduri ke uppar chale hae tab huan pe class struggle sab time rahi. Marx sochat rahaa ki class struggle se majduur logan raaj kare sake hae. Uske sab se famous book rahaa *[[Communist Manifesto]]*. Uu iske Friedrich Engels ke saathe 1848 me likhis rahaa. Ii book me Communism ke idea aur aim ke likha gais hae. Ii idea ke Marxism bola jaawe hae.

Uske sab se important kaam *[[Das Kapit]]*, nai to "Capital", jiske tiin hissa me baata gais hae. Isme uu likhis hae ki capitalism kaise chale hae aur kaisan bawal ii create kare hae. 

Marx ke sab se popular theory ke  "Materialism" bola jaawe hae, jisme uu batais hae ki religion, morality, social structures aur dher chij economics me rooted hae.  

Karl Marx ke janam Germany me 1818 me bhais rahaa, lekin uske dher dafe duusra des jaawe k parra kahe ki sarkar uske bichar se kusi nai rahaa. 

Marx, London me bahut din talak rahaa, jahan pe uu 1883 me maraa. Uske mare ke baad, uske friend, Engels uske dher book ke khalaas karis. 

## Jeewan Kahaani
### Bachpan aur parrhai (1818 - 1836)

Karl Marx ke janam 5 May 1818 me trier, Kingdom pf Prussia me bhais rahaa. Uske pitaji aur maiyaa, Heinrich Marx aur Henriette Pressburg rahin. Marx ke palwaar suruu me non-religious Yahudi rahin, lekin uske paida hoe se pahile Isai dharam me convert hoe gay rahin. Uske naana ek Dutch rabbi rahaa, jab uske pitaji ke palwaar Trier ke rabbi 1723 se rahaa, jon uske aaja bhi rahaa. Uske pitaji palwaar ke pahila jan rahaa jiske secular parrhai mila rahaa. Uu ek wakiil banaa rahaa aur uske achchhaa income rahaa aur uske palwaar kuchh viyards ke bhi maalik rahaa. Jab Prussia Rhineland ke aapan niche kar liis aur Jewish emancipation ke khatam kar dewa gias, Marx ke pitaji Yahudi dharam se Evangelical Church of Prussia me convert hoe gais, jisse uu wakill ke kaam karte rahe sake.

Marx ke pitaji bahur dharmik nai rahaa aur philosophers Immanuel Kant aur Voltaire ke bichaar me interested rahaa. Uu ek liberal rahaa aur Prussia ke constitution ke badle ke andolan me hissa liis rahaa, jon uu time puura monarchy rahaa. 1815 me MArx ke pitaji wakiil ke kaam suruu karis aur aapan palwaar ke Porta Nigra me move karis. Marx ke maiyaa, ek Dutch Yahudi rahii aur ek dhani palwaar ke rahi jon baad me Philips Electronics ke suruu karis rahaa.

Marx ke bachpan ke baare me bahut nai jaana jaae hae. Marx nau larrkan me se tiisra rahaa aur jab 1819 me uske barraa bhaiyaa ke maut hoe gais tab Marx sab se barraa larrka banaa. Marx, aur uske bhaiyaa aur bahini logan ke Lutheran Church me 28 August 1824 me baptise karaa gais rahaa  aur uske maiyaa ke November 1825 me baptise karaa gais rahaa. Marx ke sikchhaa uske pitaji diis rahaa, jabtak uu Trier High School me nai bharti bhais rahaa(), jiske headmaster, uske pitaji ke friend rahaa. School ke dher teacher log liberal rahin jisse conservative sarkar khus nai rahaa. 1832 me Police school ke raid karis aur ii paais ki liberal literature ke larrkan ke dewa jaawat rahaa. Sarkar school ke dher teacher ke replace kar diis.

October 1835 me, 16 saal ke umar me Marx University of Bonn gais, jahaan pe uu philosophy aur literature parrhe maangat rahaa, lekin uske pitaji uske wakiili parrhe ke maangat rahaa. Uske kharaab tabiyat ke kaaran uske military service se chhuut milaa. Jab uu University of Bonn me rahaa, tab uu Poet's Club ke member banaa, jisme political radicals rahin aur jipe police aankhi rakkhe rahaa. Marx also joined the Trier Tavern Club drinking society and at one point served as the club's co-president. August 1836 me uu University ke Borussian corps ke ek member se duel karis rahaa. Jabki first term me uske grade achchhaa rahaa, ii dhire-dhire kharaab hoe lagaa aur uske pitaji uske force kar ke University of Berlin tranfer karis.

## Duusra websites
### Bibliography and online texts
* Marx and Engels Internet Archive http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/
** ''Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right (1843)*
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/jewish-question/ *On the Jewish Question*] (1843)
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/james-mill/ *Notes on James Mill*] (1844)
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/preface.htm *Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844*] (1844)
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/theses/theses.htm *Theses on Feuerbach*] (1845)
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/german-ideology/ *The German Ideology*] [with Engels] (1845-46)
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/poverty-philosophy/ *The Poverty of Philosophy*] (1846-47)
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/wage-labour/ *Wage-Labour and Capital*] (1847)
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/ *Manifesto of the Communist Party*] [with Engels] (1847-48)
*** [http://librivox.org/the-communist-manifesto-by-karl-marx-and-friendrich-engels Free audiobook] from [http://librivox.org LibriVox] ([http://librivox.org/manifest-der-kommunistischen-partei-von-karl-marx-und-friedrich-engels/ Also available in German])
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1852/18th-brumaire/ *The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte*] (1852)
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1857/grundrisse/ *Grundrisse*] (1857-58) 
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1859/critique-pol-economy/ *A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy*] (1859)
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1861/us-civil-war/index.htm *Writings on the U.S. Civil War*] [with Engels; compiled] (1861)
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1863/theories-surplus-value/ *Theories of Surplus Value, 3 volumes*] (1862)
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1865/value-price-profit/ *Value, Price and Profit*] (1865)
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/index.htm *Capital vol. 1*] (1867)
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1871/civil-war-france/ *The Civil War in France*] (1871)
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1875/gotha/ *Critique of the Gotha Programme*] (1875)
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1881/01/wagner.htm *Notes on Wagner*] (1883)
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/cw/volume36/ *Capital, vol. 2*] [posthumously, by Engels] (1893)
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1894-c3/ *Capital, vol. 3*] [posthumously, by Engels] (1894)
** [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/letters/index.htm *Letters*] [with Engels; compiled] (1833-95)
* *Ethnological Notebooks* — ISBN 90-232-0924-9 (1879-80)
* 
* [http://www.sicetnon.org/modules.php?op=modload&name=PagEd&file=index&topic_id=2&page_id=77 "The Reality Behind Commodity Fetishism" (in English)] at [http://www.sicetnon.org/index.php *Sic et Non* (in German)]
* [http://libcom.org/library/karl-marx Libertarian Communist Library Karl Marx Archive] 
* [http://www.freeinfosociety.com/site.php?postnum=77 Karl Marx Biography] 
* [http://www.zeno.org/Philosophie/M/Marx,+Karl Works by Karl Marx] at Zeno.org (German)

=== Biographies ===
* *Biography of Marx*
* *Karl Marx: The Story of His Life* 
* *Karl Marx Biography *
* *Karl Marx: A Life *
* *Karl Marx Biography* 
* *Marx, life and works*

=== Articles aur Entries ===
* [http://www2.pfeiffer.edu/~lridener/DSS/Marx/MARXPER.HTML Dead Sociologists - Karl Marx] 
* [http://www.marxists.org/archive/mandel/19xx/marx/ Ernest Mandel, *Karl Marx* (New Palgrave article)]
* [http://www.anti-caste.org/marx-and-engels-on-india-and-the-colonial-question.html *'Marx on India and the Colonial Question''']  from anti-caste 
* Portraits of Karl Marx
* The Karl Marx Museum 
* Marxmyths.org  - Various essays on misinterpretations of Marx
* Paul Dorn, The Paris Commune and Marx' Theory of Revolution 
* Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry
* Why Marx is the Man of the Moment