open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Zulfikar Joy Ali

**Zulfikar Joy Ali** (janam: 22 December 1978 - 5 January 2015) - jiske "The Jet" ke naam se bhi jaana jaawe hae, Fiji ke ek boxer hae jon ki super middlewight division me larre hae. Uu Nadi me rahe hae aur abhi Fiji me aapan division me No 1 rated hae aur dunia me 108 rated hae. Uu 44 professional fight laris hae aur usme se 29 jiitis (24 KO), 8 haaris ( 6 KO) aur 8 draw rahaa.

* 15 August 2009 - Suva ke Vodaphone Arena me Joe Naleca ke harae ke nawaa Fiji Boxing Commission Junior Middle Weight title ke jiit liis. Isse pahile, Naleca ekko fight nai haris rahaa. 
* 19 December  2009 - Ghana ke boxer, Joseph Kwadjo, Joy Ali ke Universal Boxing Organization Super Middleweight Inter-continental Title ke fight me Suva ke Vodafone Arena me unanimous points decision se harais.

## References

* BoxRec
Neil Armstrong

**Neil Alden Armstrong** (5 August 1930 - 25 August 2012), uu American astronaut rahaa, jon ki chandarma me utre waala pahila insaan rahaa. Uske janam 5 August 1930 ke  United States ke Ohio State ke ek farm me bhais rahaa. 20 July 1969 ke Neil Armstrong aur Buzz Aldrin Apollo 11 se chandarma me uutrin. Maut me 25 August 2012 se jilat ki dil sarja.

## Jawani ke time
Neil Armstrong ke dil plane urrae me uu time lagaa jab ki uu dui saal ke rahaa. Uske pitaji uske Cleveland National Air Races me lae jaawat rahaa. Uu pahila dafe plane me urris jab uu 6 saal ke rahaa. Uu model plane banae ke ek hawaa ke surang me urraat rahaa. Uu plane chalae ke lesson liis aur jab uu 16 saal ke rahaa tab uske driver's licence milaa. Armstrong me Purdue University me aeronautical engineering parrhe ke khatir bharti bhais lekin 1949 me navy join karis.

## Ii bhi dekho
Apollo 11

## References
Jacques Cartier

**Jacques Cartier** ek French trader aur explorer rahaa. Uske janam 31 December 1491 ke Saint-Malo, Brittany, France ke ek chhotaa town me bhais rahaa, jahan pe uu 1 September 1557 talak rahis. Uu tiin dafe Canada, sona khoje ke khatir, gais. 

Uu pahila European admii rahaa jon ki Prince Edward Island, Saint Lawrence River|St. Lawrence River aur Hochelaga ke dekhis rahaa. 

Cartier 1534 me Canada gais rahaa jhaan se pahila trip me uu ek native chief ke larrka logan ke lae ke France aais aur duusr atrip me uu logan ke lautae le gais. Uu aapan tiisra trip me ek colony suruu kare ke kosis karis.
James Cook

Captain **James Cook**, (27 October 1728 – 14 February, 1779) ek English explorer, navigator aur cartographer rahaa. Uu Pacific Ocean ke khatir tiin dafe gais, jahaan pe uu dher jagah ke map banais. Uu English exploreres me se sab se jaada jaane waala admii rahaaa kahe ki uu Australia ke east coast, Hawaiian Islands, Newfoundland aur New Zealand ke map karis rahaa.
Junior Farzan Ali

**Junior Farzan Ali** (janam: 27 April 1980), jiske "The Razor" ke naam se bhi jaana jaawe hae, Fiji ke ek boxer hae jon ki light welterwieight division me larre hae. Uu Nadi district, Fiji me rahe hae aur abhi Fiji me aapan division me No 1 rated hae aur dunia me 340 rated hae. Uu 28 professional fight laris hae aur usme se 22 jiitis (16 KO), 5 haaris ( 2 KO) aur 1 draw rahaa.

Uske bhaiya Zulfikar Joy Ali, bhi ek achchhaa boxer hae.

* 15 August 2009 - Suva ke Vodafone Arena me Waisale Ratu ke harae ke Fiji ke Junior Welterweight Champion ban gais. 

## References

* BoxRec
Vasco da Gama

**Vasco da Gama** (1469- 24 December 1524) ek Portuguese sailor rahaa. Uu pahila European rahaa jon ki India, Cape of Good Hope hoe ke gais rahaa. Uu India tiin dafe gais rahaa.

8 July 1497 ke uu chaar jahaaj (*São Gabriel*, *São Rafael*, *Berrio*, aur ek dhoe waala jahaaj) ke lae ke Lisbon se India ke aapan pahila yatra pe nikla. Kahe ki ii lagbhag Christmas ke time rahaa , da Gama ke crew South Africa ke coast ke Natal (jiske matlab "Christmas" hae Portuguese me), naam rakkhin jon ki abhi talak hae. 

January me uu logan Mozambique pahunchin, jiske coastland Arabs logan control karat rahin. Jab iipawa gais ki uu logan Mussalman nai hae tab uu logan ke huan se khder dewa gais aur uu logan north jaae ke Kenya ke utrin. Huan pe Malindi me , da Gama ek Hindustani pilot ke help se 20 May 1498 ke Calicut (the exact Malayalam name is *Kozhikode*) jon ke India ke southwest coast pe hae, phuchis. of India on . September 1499 me aapan kuchh saathi ke India me chhorr ke Portugal laut gais. 

1502 me aapan duusra trip pe jab Calicut pahuncha tab uske pataa chalaa ki jon saathi ke uu chhorr ke gais rahaa, ke maar dewa gais rahaa. Ii trip pe uske Indian Ocean jetna Arab nai to Indian jahaaj mila, ke you plunder karis aur Calicut ke bhi aapan capture me kar liis. 

Uu aapan tiisra trip me 1524 me India viceroy (governor) ban ke gais lekin India pahunche ke thora din baad uske maut hoe gais.us
ka makabara keral ke cochin me hai. .
Ferdinand Magellan

**Ferdinand Magellan** (1480 – 27 April 1521); Portuguese: **Fernão de Magalhães**; Spanish: **Fernando de Magallanes**) ek Portuguese explorer rahaa, jon ki Portugal aur Spain ke khatir sail karis rahaa. Portugal ke khatir uu India, Spice Islands, East Africa, aur Morocco gais. 

Iske baad wo King of Spain ke taraf se kaam karne suruu kiya. wo pahila chora ta jo Pacific Ocean ke biich me se gosar ke gaya aur dunia ke round gaya. wo Strait of Magellan se jaae ke Philippines pahuncha, jahan pe uske maar dewa gais. USke jahaaj ke 18 crew bach ke 1522 me Spain pahuch gain. ,
Marco Polo

**Marco Polo** (1254 - 8 January 1324) ek Italian trader aur explorer rahaa. Uu east Asia explore kare waala pahila gora me se ek rahaa. 

Uu 25 saal ke trip pe China aapan pitaji aur uncle ke saathe Mongol Dynasty ke time gais rahaa.

Uu Venice me barraa bhais aur uske maiya uu time mar gais jab uu chhota rahaa. Uske lage dui bhaiya rahaa, Maffeo aur Niccolo Polo, bhi uske saathe exploring gain rahaa. 

Uu jab 15 saal ke rahaa tab se ghuume ke suruu karis rahaa jab uu Venice se Mediterranean Sea, Ayas, Tabriz aur Kerman gais. Uske baad uu Asia ke cross kar ke Beijing gais .
Hernán Cortés

**Hernán Cortés** (1485 - 2 December 1547), Spain ke ek explorer aur conqueror rahaa. 1519 se 1521 talak uu abhi ke Mexico me Moctezuma ke Aztec empire ke conquer karis.
Cortes ke janam Medellín, Extremadura province, Spain me bhaes rahaa. Uu Salamanca University gais rahaa, lekin 17 saal ke umar me drop out hoe gais. Dui saal ke baad uu fail hoe ke ghare laut gais. 

Cortes pahila dafe 1502me America gais aur Velázquez ke niche achchha se larris. 1506 me uu America fir gais aur Spain ke Hispaniola aur Cuba ke conquest me bhaag liis.
Yuri Gagarin

**Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin** (Russian: Юрий Алексеевич Гагарин; 9 March 1934 – 27 March 1968) ek Russian cosmonaut (astronaut) rahaa. Uu pahila insaan rahaa jon ki space me gais rahaa, 12 April 1961 ke, ek rocket jiske Russia chhorris rahaa.


File:The Soviet Union 1971 CPA 3994 sheet of 4 (Cosmonauts and Spacecraft. 1 Vostok 1. 2 Yuri Gagarin. 3 First Man Walking in Space. 4 First Orbital Station).jpg|souvenir sheet depicting Vostok 1 mission, and cosmonaut Gagarin (over row)
File:The Soviet Union 1964 CPA 3014 stamp (Space Exploration. Gagarin and Vostok 1).jpg|
File:1976 4569.jpg|
File:Stamp of Azerbaijan 595.jpg|
File:RR5514-0005R 10 рублей биметалл 2001 40 лет полета Гагарина реверс.png|
File:RR5714-0010R.png|
File:Stamp 2011 Gagarin (1).JPG|
File:2011. Stamp of Belarus 07-2011-03-28-m.jpg|
Fiji Secondary Schools Under-19 Inter-District Championship 2009

**Fiji Secondary Schools Under-19 Inter-District Championship 2009**, Govind Park, Ba district, Fiji me 20 August se lae ke 23 August talak khela jaai, jisme 20 team rahi. Ii tournament ke Tuckers Ice Cream sponsor karis hae aur DAV College, defending champion hae.

## Pools
:Pool 1- DAV (Ba), All Saints College (Labasa), Lautoka Central College, Suva Muslim College, Cuvu College 
:Pool 2- Tavua College, Khalsa Gurunanak College, Tilak High School, Queen Victoria School, Kavanagasau Secondary
:Pool 3- Nadogo Secondary, Korovuto College, Bhawani Dayal Arya College, MGM
:Pool 4- Xavier College, Savusavu Secondary, Nadi Sangam College, Nasinu Muslim College, Rampur College.

### Results
:21 August
::Bhawani Dayal Arya 0-0 MGM High School
::Savusavu Secondary 1-0 Nasinu Muslim
::Lautoka Central College 1-1 Suva Muslim College
::Khalsa Gurunanak 0-0 Queen Victoria School
::Labasa Muslim 1-0 Vashist Muni 
::Tilak 3-2 Kavanagasau Secondary
::All Saints Secondary 1-0 Cuvu College
::DAV (Ba) 2-1 All Saints Secondary
::Tavua College 1-1 Khalsa Gurunanak
::Xavier College 3-1 Nadi Sangam College
::Nadogo Secondary 1-1 Korovuto College 

## Quarter-finals
Quarter final khatir, defending champions DAV College, Xavier College, Kamil College, Tilak High School, Lautoka Central College,  Tavua College, MGM High School aur Savusavu Secondary School qualify hoe gais. Kamil College qualify bhais jab Penang Sangam, Championship se nikal gais.  Quarter finals ke draw hae:
: DAV Colleges Vs Mahatma Gandhi Memorial School
:Tilak Vs Savusavu Secondary School.
:Kamil Muslim College Vs Lautoka Central College
:Xavier College Vs Tavua College 

### Results
: Dayanand Anglo Vedic College, Ba 2 - 0 Mahatma Ghandi Memorial . Ii game me DAV ke striker, Jone Salouneuse, ke red-card kar dewa gais.  
: Tilak High School 7 - 1 Savusavu Secondary School 
: Kamil College, Ba, Lautoka Central College ke harais 

## Semi final
: DAV College, Ba 2 - 0 Tilak High School
: Kamil Muslim College 3 - 2 Xavier College  

## Final
Daya Nand Anglo Vedic (DAV) College Ba, 2009 ke Tuckers Fiji Secondary Schools U19 Inter District Championship ke Ba ke Kamil Muslim College ke 3-0 se harae ke fir se jiit liis.  Dennis Vyas Rao, pahile ke Ba aur national player Julie Sami ke larrka aur 1950s aur 60s ke Mira Sami ke grandson opening goal pahila half ke biich me banais. Rao abhi Tavua ke Premier Division ke team me khele hae. Half time ke baad dui aur goal Josefata Neibuli banais, jiske ab Ba ke Premier Division team me khele ke milii.

## Under-15 Championship
Under-19 Tournament ke saathe Under-15 Tournament bhi khela jaai. Isme Vashist Muni College (Navua), Labasa Muslim College, Xavier College (Ba) aur Tilak High School (Lautoka) round robin basis me khliye. 
Tilak High School ii round-robin tournament ke jiit liis.

## Aur dekho
* Fiji me football



## References
Zheng He

**Zheng He** (spelled 鄭和 in Chinese) (1371-1433) ek explorer, diplomat, aur ing Dynasty ke admiral rahaa. Zheng ek barraa fleet ke leader rahaa jon ki Indian Ocean aur Southwest Asia me travel karis rahaa. Zheng ke fleet me 317 jahaaj aur 28,000 Chinese soldiers rahaa.
Alexander von Humboldt

**Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander Freiherr von Humboldt** (14 September 1769 – 6 May 1859) ek Prussian naturalist aur explorer rahaa. Uske barraa bhaiya ek Prussian minister, philosopher, aur linguist rahaa. Humboldt ke kaam botanical geography aur biogeography me important rahaa.

## Other websites
* The website of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation 
* 
* Works by Alexander von Humboldt at Internet Archive
* "Lives of the Brothers Humboldt" an extensive biography available from the Million Book Project:
* Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie: biography of Humboldt at Wikisource

* Online version of ''Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of the New World'' 
* "Alexander von Humboldt", from *[[In Our Time]]*, a 45 minutes BBC Radio 4 program.
Ingmar Bergman

**Ernst** **Ingmar Bergman** (14 July 1918 – 30 July 2007) ek Swedish stage aur film director rahaa. Uske janam Uppsala, Sweden me  ek Lutheran minister, jon ki Danish descent ke rahaa, ke ghare bhais rahaa.

## Ingmar Bergman ke kaam ke suchi

* *[[w:Prison (1949 film)|Prison]]* (1949)
* *[[w:Music in Darkness|Music in Darkness]]* (1948)
* *[[A Ship to India]]* (1947)
* *[[It Rains on Our Love]]* (1946) – also with Hilding Bladh
* *[[Dreams (1955 film)|Dreams]]* (1955)
* *[[Sawdust and Tinsel]]* (1953) – also with Sven Nykvist
* *[[It Rains on Our Love]]* (1946) – also with Göran Strindberg
* *[[The Devil's Eye]]* (1960)
* *[[The Magician (1958 film)|The Magician]]* (1958)
* *[[Wild Strawberries (film)|Wild Strawberries]]* (1957)
* *[[The Seventh Seal]]* (1957)
* *[[Smiles of a Summer Night]]* (1955)
* *[[Summer with Monika]]* (1953)
* *[[Secrets of Women]]* (1952)
* *[[Summer Interlude]]* (1951)
* *[[To Joy (film)|To Joy]]* (1950)
* *[[This Can't Happen Here]]* (1950)
* *[[Thirst (1949 film)|Thirst]]* (1949)
* *[[Port of Call]]* (1948)
* *[[After the Rehearsal]]* (1984) – made for TV
* *[[Fanny and Alexander]]* (1982)
* *[[From the Life of the Marionettes]]* (1980)
* *[[Autumn Sonata]]* (1978)
* *[[The Serpent's Egg (film)|The Serpent's Egg]]* (1977)
* *[[Face to Face (1976 film)|Face to Face]]* (1976)
* *[[The Magic Flute (1975 film)|The Magic Flute]]* (1975)
* *[[Scenes from a Marriage]]* (1973)
* *[[Cries and Whispers]]* (1973)
* *[[The Touch (1971 film)|The Touch]]* (1971)
* *[[The Passion of Anna]]* (1969)
* *[[The Rite (1969 film)|The Rite]]* (1969) – made for TV
* *[[Hour of the Wolf]]* (1968)
* *[[Shame (1968 film)|Shame]]* (1968)
* *[[Persona (film)|Persona]]* (1966)
* *[[All These Women]]* (1964)
* *[[Winter Light]]* (1963)
* *[[The Silence (1963 film)|The Silence]]* (1963)
* *[[Through a Glass Darkly (film)|Through a Glass Darkly]]* (1961)
* *[[The Virgin Spring]]* (1960)
* *[[Sawdust and Tinsel]]* (1953) – also with Hilding Bladh
* *[[Saraband]]* (2003)
* *[[The Image Makers]]* (2000) – made for TV

## References
Akbar

**Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar** (15 October 1542 - 27 October 1605, jiske jaada kar ke Akbar the Great, nai to Akbar I, ke naam se jaana jaawat rahaa, tiisra Mughal samraat rahaa, jon 1556 se 1605 talak raj karis rahaa. Akbar aapan pitaji, Humayun ke maut ke baad samraat banaa jab uu khaali 14 saal ke rahaa. Suruu me uske regent Bairam Khan ke madat se uu India bhar me Mughal raj ke taagat ke majbuut karis.

## Timeline
* 25 October 1542 -  Janam  Rajput Fortress, Umarkot , Sindh me bhais rahaa jahan pe uske abba Sher Shah se luka rahaa.
* 14 February 1556 - Akbar ke Mughal ke Shahanshah banawa gais.
* 5 November 1556 - Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya ke harae ke Delhi ke aapn niche kar liis.

## References
Walt Disney

**Walter Elias Disney** (5 December 1901 - 15 December 1966) ek famous American entertainer rahaa. uu aapan bhaiya, Roy Disney, ke ssathe Walt Disney Productions (jon ki abhi The Walt Disney Company hae) ke suruu karis rahaa.

Disney ke sab se jaad ajaana jaae waala cartoon character, Mickey Mouse rahaa.

Walt Disney Bout Dahni Ra ha. 
 
## Duusra websites

* Walt Disney Family Museum
* Time Magazine profile 

## References
Jawaharlal Nehru

**Pandit Jawahar Lal** **Nehru** (14 November 1889 - 27 May 1964), India ke Prime Minister 16 saal 9 mahina 13 din talak rahaa, 1947 se jab ke India ajaad bhais. Uske janam Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India me bhais rahaa.

## ''Personal Life''
India ke ajaadi ke struggle ke time Nehru ke dher dafe jahel me kar dewa gais rahaa jahaan se uu lamba lamba chitthi aapan larrrki, Indira Gandhi, ke lage likis rahaa. Ii chitthi India aur dunia ke itihaas ke baare me rahaa. Ii sabchithi ke baad me ek book me chapa gais rahaa jiske naam *Glimpses of World History* aur *The discovery of India* rahaa.

* Uske pitaji, Motilal Nehru, bhi ek freedom fighter rahaaa aur uske larrki,Palpatine , Indira aur grandsonson Rajiv Gandhi bhi Prime Minister rahaa.

# Nehru ji ek naya gulab pehnte rahin. Ill Indian National Congress ke rahe hae aur India ke pehle aur sabse lambay se Mukhya Mantri rahe hae jinhone Bharat Ratna(India ke highest civilian honour) basil kiya hae.
Taj Mahal

**Taj Mahal** (/ˌtɑːdʒ məˈhɑːl, ˌtɑːʒ-/; lit. 'Crown of the Palace')   ek kabar hae jiske 17th century me Mughal badhshah Shah Jahan, aapan favourate aurat, Mumtaz Mahal ke yaad me banais rahaa. Ii Agra, Uttar Pradesh, Republic of India me hae. Ii dunia ke "Seven Wonders" me se ek hae aur bahut log ii soche hae ki ii dunia ke sab se sundar building hae. Ii building Mughal architecture ke ek example hae jisme - Islamic Indian, Persian (old Iran), aur Muslim art mixed hae. Dhe log India iske dekhe ke khatir jaawe hae lekin abhi ii building "Acid Rain" ke kaaran barbad hoe lagaa hae.

## Details
* Location-	Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
* Coordinates-	27°10′30″N 78°02′31″E
* Area-	(42 acres)
* Height-	73 m (240 ft)
* Built-	1631–1653
* Built for-	Mumtaz Mahal
* Architect-	Ustad Ahmad Lahauri
* Architectural style(s)-	Mughal architecture
* Governing body-	Government of India
## Chapa

File:Taj_Mahal_in_India_-_Kristian_Bertel.jpg |Taj Mahal
File:20191204_Great_Gate,_Taj_Mahal_0724_6580_DxO.jpg| Entrance Gate 


## References

## Ii bhi dekho
*Amrit Udyan

## Bahaari jorr
* Official  Website
Hokusai

**Katsushika Hokusai** (October nai to November 1760–10 May 1849), Japan ke ek chitrkar rahaa. Uu Ed jamana ke rahaa. Uu Japan ke landscape ke pain tkarat rahaa, jiske "ukiyo-e" bola jaawe hae.

## Jawani ke din aur artistic training
Hokusai ke janam Hōreki period ke 10th saal, 9th mahina aur 23rd din (October nai to November 1760) me ek artisan palwaar ke ghar me, Edo, Japan ke Katsushika district me bhaes rahaa. uake chhota me Tokitarō ke naam se jaana jaawat rahaa. Ii biswas karaa jaawe hae ki uske pitaji ek sisaa banae waala rahaa, jon ki shogun ke khatir sisaaaa banat rahaa.  Hokusai, chhe saal ke umar me painting suruu kar diis, ssait aapan pitaji se sikh ke, jiske kaam me sisaa ke around desihn banane ke bhi rahaa. 

Hokusai, ke uske jindgi me 30 se jaada naam se jaana jaawat rahaa.

## Hokusai ke khaas painting

Image:Great Wave off Kanagawa2.jpg|*The Great Wave off Kanagawa*
Image:Red Fuji southern wind clear morning.jpg|*Red Fuji*Hokusai made many images of Mount Fuji
File:Hokusai-fuji9.png|Kuchh log Oi River ke paar kare hae
File:Egrets from Quick Lessons in Simplified Drawing, Hokusai, 1823.jpg|Egrets from Quick Lessons
Image:Hokusai-MangaBathingPeople.jpg|Image of bathers from the *Hokusai manga*
File:Hokusai 1817 First Guns in Japan.jpg|Japan me pahila Westerner
Image:Hodogaya on the Tokaido.jpg|*Hodogaya Tokaido pe*
Image:Carp leaping up a cascade.jpg|*Carp Leaping up a Cascade*


### References
Louis Armstrong

**Louis Daniel Armstrong** (iske khaas kar ke "Louee" prononce karaa jaawe hae) (4 August, 1901 – 6 July , 1971) (jiske  **Satchmo** aur **Pops** ke naam se bhi jaana jaawat rahaa) American ke ek jazz musician rahaa. Uu blues gaana gawat rahaa aur trumpet bajawat rahaa, jiske khatir uu dher des me mashuur rahaa.

## Duusra websites
* Discography
Federico Fellini

**Federico Fellini** (janam: Rimini, 20 January 1920, maut: Rome, 31 October 1993 ) ek famous Italian movie-maker aur film director rahaa. 

## Movies
* *Luci del varietà* (1950)
* *Lo Sceicco Bianco* (1951)
* *I Vitelloni* (1953)
* *La Strada* (1954) Oscar* (best foreign movie)
* *Le Notti di Cabiria* (1957) Oscar (best foreign movie)
* *La Dolce Vita* (1960) Oscar (best costumes)
* *8 1/2* (1963) 2 Oscars (best foreign movie, best costumes)
* *Giulietta degli Spiriti* (1965)
* *Satyricon* (1969)
* *I Clowns* (1970)
* *Roma* (1972)
* *Amarcord* (1973) Oscar (best foreign movie)
* *Casanova* (1976)
* *Prova d'Orchestra* (1979)
* *La Citta' delle Donne* (1980)
* *E la nave va* (1983)
* *Ginger and Fred* (1986)
* *Intervista'' (1987)

## References
Indira Gandhi

**Indira Gandhi** (19 November 1917 – 31 October 1984) pahila aurat rahaa jon ki India ke Prime Minister banis rahaa. Uu Jawaharlal Nehru, jon ki India ke pahila Prime Minister rahaa, ke larrki rahis. Uske larrka, Rajiv Gandhi, bhi baad me India ke Prime Minister banaa rahaa.
Edith Piaf

**Édith Piaf** (19 December 1915 – 11 October 1963) France ke ek sab se jaada pyara's singer rahii. Uske aslii naam **Edith Giovanna Gassion** rahaa. Uu ek She national icon ban gais rahaa. Uske sangeet uske jindagi ke tragedy ke reflection rahaa. Piaf ke sab se jaada dard bhari awaaj ballad gaae khatir jaana jaawe hae. Uske sab se jaada jaana jaae waala gaana me "La vie en rose" (1946), "Hymne à l'amour" (1949), "Milord" (1959) aur "Non, je ne regrette rien" (1960) hae. Piaf ke maut 27 saal ke umar me cirrhosis ke kaaran bhais rahaa. 

## Duusra websites

* Edith Piaf

## References
Sergei Eisenstein

**Sergei Mikhailovich Eisenstein** (23 January 1898 – 11 February 1948) ek Soviet Russian film director rahaa. Uu film khatir famous hae. Ii movie me hae *Strike*, *Battleship Potemkin* aur *October*. Uu historical epics jause ki *Alexander Nevsky* aur *Ivan the Terrible* bhi banais rahaa. Uske film me "montage" ke kaam me lawa jaawat rahaa.
Alfred Hitchcock

**Alfred Hitchcock** (13 August 1899 - 29 April 1980) ek  British film director rahaa jon ki baad me American Citizen ban gais rahaa, lekin saathe me British Citizenship rakkhe rahaa. Uu jaada kar ke mystery aur suspense film banawat rahaa.  Uske film me hae: *The Lodger* (1927), *The Lady Vanishes* (1938), *Rebecca* (1940), *The Man Who Knew Too Much* (1934 aur 1956 me fir banawa gais rahaa), *Rear Window* (1954), *Vertigo* (1958), *North by Northwest* (1959), *Psycho* (1960), *The Birds* (1963), *Topaz* (1969) and *Frenzy* (1972). Uu ek TV show, *Alfred Hitchcock Presents* ke bhi banais aur direct karis rahaa.

## References
Stanley Kubrick

**Stanley Kubrick** (26 July 1928 - 7 March 1999) ek American movie director rahaa. 

Uske janam New York Cityme bhais rahaa lekin uu aapan jindagi ke jaada time Britain me bitais. 

## Filn jon ki uu banais rahaa
* *Day of the Fight* (1951)
* *Flying Padre* (1951)
* *The Seafarers* (1952)
* *Fear and Desire* (1953)
* *Killer's Kiss* (1955)
* *The Killing* (1956)
* *Paths of Glory* (1957)
* *Spartacus* (1960)
* *Lolita* (1962)
* *Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb* (1963)
* *2001: A Space Odyssey* (1968)
* *A Clockwork Orange* (1971)
* *Barry Lyndon* (1975)
* *The Shining* (1980)
* *Full Metal Jacket* (1987)
* *Eyes Wide Shut* (1999)

## Duusra websites
* Stanley Kubrick at the Internet Movie Database (IMDb)
* Official site (requires Macromedia Flash)
* Arthur C. Clarke links & image archive
Akira Kurosawa

**Akira Kurosawa** (23 March 1910 – 6 September 1998) ek Japanese film director rahaa. Kurosawa ke jaada film Japan me mashuur hae. 

## Duusra websites
* Akira Kurosawa's grave

## References
Ibn Battuta

**Ibn Battuta** (1304–1368 nai to 1369) ek Moroccan explorer rahaa. Uske aapan yatra ke baare me khissa khatir jaana jaawe hae, jiske *Rihla* (Voyage) bola jaawat rahaa. Uu 30 saal talak Muslim world bhar me yatra karis, jisme West Africa, Southern aur Eastern Europe, South Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia aur China rahaa.
Steven Spielberg

**Steven Spielberg** (janam 18 December 1946  Cincinnati, Ohio) ek American film director hae. Uske film me rahaa *Jaws* aur  *E.T.*  Uske film  *Jurassic Park* bahut famous bhais rahaa. Uu chaar Academy Awards jiitis hae.

## Steven Spielberg ke film
* *Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull* (2008)
* *Dhil Maree Tur Teener Chale* (2006) 
* *Munich* (2005)
* *War of the Worlds* (2005)
* *The Terminal* (2004)
* *Catch Me If You Can* (2002)
* *Minority Report* (2002)
* *A.I.: Artificial Intelligence* (2001)
* *Saving Private Ryan* (1998) (Academy Award, *Best Director*)
* *The Lost World: Jurassic Park* (1997)
* *Amistad* (1997)
* *Schindler's List* (1993) (Academy Award, *Best Director, Best Picture*)
* *Jurassic Park* (1993)
* *Hook* (1991)
* *Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade* (1989)
* *Always* (1989)
* *Empire of the Sun* (1987)
* *The Color Purple* (1985)
* *Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom* (1984)
* *Twilight Zone: The Movie* (1983) segment: *Kick the Can*
* *E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial* (1982)
* *Raiders of the Lost Ark* (1981)
* *1941* (1979) 
* *Close Encounters of the Third Kind* (1977)
* *Jaws* (1975)
* *The Sugarland Express* (1974)
Nicolaus Copernicus

**Nicolaus Copernicus** (Niklas Koppernigk, Polish bhasa me: *Mikołaj Kopernik*, 19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) ek astronomer rahaa. Log Copernicus ke uske suraj aur dunia ke baare me bichar khatir jaanat rahin.  Uske bicher rahaa ki dunia, suraj ke right round jaawe hae, jiske baare me uu uu ek book, *De revolutionibus orbium coelestium* (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres) me likhis rahaa. 

Copernicus ke janam 1473 me Thorn (Toruń), Prussia me bhaes rahaa, ek German- bhasa waala jagah jon ki baad me Poland ke ek hissa hoe gais rahaa. Uu pahile Cracow aur fir Italy me parrhaes. Italy me uu ek church ke wakiil ban gais rahaa.  Uu doctor ke parrhae bhi karis.  Uu aapan jindagi ke jaada hissa Frauenburg (Frombork), Warmia me raha, jahan pe uu 1543 me mar gais rahaa.

Copernicus ek priest, mathematician, astronomer, doctor, jurist, physician, classical scholar, governor, administrator, diplomat, economist, aur soldier rahaa. Uske khatir astronomy ek hobby rahaa. 

## Duusra websites

* De Revolutionibus, autograph manuscript  — Full digital facsimile, Jagiellonian University
* Copernicus' letters to various celebrities, among others the King Sigmundus I of Poland  - in Polish
* Nicholaus Copernicus Museum in Frombork
* Portraits of Copernicus: Copernicus' face reconstructed; Portrait ; Nicolaus Copernicus
* Copernicus and Astrology — Cambridge University: Copernicus had – of course – teachers with astrological activities and his tables were later used by astrologers. 
* Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry
* Find-A-Grave profile for Nicolaus Copernicus
* 'Body of Copernicus' identified — BBC article including image of Copernicus using facial reconstruction based on located skull
* The Copernican Universe from the De Revolutionibus
* De Revolutionibus, 1543 first edition  — Full digital facsimile, Lehigh University
* The front page of the De Revolutionibus 
* The text of the De Revolutionibus
* A java applet about Retrograde Motion
* Copernicus in Bologna — in Italian
* Chasing Copernicus: The Book Nobody Read — Was One of the Greatest Scientific Works Really Ignored? All Things Considered. NPR
* Copernicus and his Revolutions — A detailed critique of the rhetoric of De Revolutionibus
* Article which discusses Copernicus's debt to the Arabic tradition
* Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń
*  German-Polish school project on Copernicus - in German and Polish
*  Büro Kopernikus - An initiative of German Federal Cultural Foundation - in German, Polish and English
Avicenna

**Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Sīnā** (ابو علی الحسین ابن عبدالله ابن سینا); c. 980 Bukhara me, Khorasan – 1037 Hamedan me), jiske **Ibn Seena** ke naam se bhi jaana jaawe hae aur jiske jaada kar ke English me uske Latinized naam **Avicenna** se jaana jaae hae (Greek **'), ek [[Persian people|Persian]] rahaa [[Muslim]] [[polymath]] and the most important [[physician]] and [[Islam]]ic [[philosopher]] of his time. He was also an [[astronomer]], [[chemist]], [[Hafiz (Quran)|Hafiz]], [[logician]], [[mathematician]], [[poet]], [[Psychology|psychologist]], [[scientist]], [[Sheikh]], [[soldier]], [[statesman]] and [[theologian]].

Ibn Sīnā lagbhag 450 treatises dher subject pe likhis rahaa,jisme se 240 abhi talak hae. Khaas kar ke, 150 treatises [[philosophy]] ke baareme aur 40  [[medicine]] ke baare me hae. 

== References ==

<references />
 

== Duusra websites ==

* [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9011433/Avicenna Avicenna] an article by [[Seyyed Hossein Nasr]] on Encyclopedia Britannica Online
* [http://nigelwarburton.typepad.com/philosophy_bites/2007/09/peter-adamson-o.html ''Philosophy Bites'' podcast interview with Peter Adamson on Avicenna].
* [http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/v3f1/v3f1a046.html Avicenna]  An article by [[encyclopedia Iranica]]
* [http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/sina/art/ibn%20Sina-REP.htm Biography & Works] from Routledge
* [http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/sina/index.html Ibn Sina (Islamic Philosophy Online)]
* [http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/sina/art/ei-is.htm Ibn Sina] from the [[Encyclopedia of Islam]]
* [http://www.iep.utm.edu/a/avicenna.htm Avicenna/Ibn Sina] at the [[Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]
* [http://www.irandokht.com/editorial/print.php?area=pro&sectionID=9&editorialID=2153 Physician's Day in Iran: A Reference Article on Pur Sina (Avicenna) by Manouchehr Saadat Noury] **
* Biography of Avicenna (in English) 
* Biography of Avicenna
* Catholic Encyclopedia: Avicenna
Tim Berners-Lee

**Tim Berners-Lee** (janam 8 June 1955 London, England me) World Wide Web ke suruu karis rahaa jon ki Internet me Webpage deliver kare hae. Uu ek nawaa computer language, jiske naam HTML hae, ke suruu karis rahaa. Pahila web page 6 August 1991 ke Internet me rakkha gais rahaa. 

Berners-Lee abhi World Wide Web Consortium ke lead kare hae. Ii uu organization hae jon ki World Wide Web ke dekhe hae.

## Duusra websites
*Berners-Lee's home page
*Berners-Lee's blog 
*Berners-Lee's book ''Weaving The Web'' which details his views on the history and future of the Web.

## References




Block quote
Marie Curie

**Marie Salomea Skłodowska–Curie** (7 November 1867 – 4 July 1934) ek Polish physicist aur chemist rahii jon ki France me rahat rahii. Uu radioactivity  ke field me expert rahii aur khaali ek jan rahii jiske dui science me  Nobel Prize mila rahaa. Uu University of Paris ke pahila aurat professor rahii.

Uske janam, **Maria Skłodowska** ke naam ke niche,  Warsaw, Poland me bhaes rahaa, jahan pe uu 24 saalke umar alak rahii. 1891 me uu aapan bahini ke saathe Paris parrhe ke khatir gais rahaa, jahan pe uske uuncha degree mila aur uu jaruri scientific kaam karis rahaa. Uu Paris aur Waraw me Curie Institutes  ke suruu karis rahaa. Uske admii Pierre Curie aur uske larrka aur larrki ke bhi  Nobel Prize mila rahaa.

## Duusra websites

* 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics and 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry – Nobel committee page; presentation speech, her award lecture etc.
* The official web page of Maria Curie Skłodowska University in Lublin, Poland  in English.
Thomas Edison

**Thomas Alva Edison** (11 February 1847 - 18 October 1931) ek American inventor rahaa, jon dher chij invent karis rahaa. Bahut log soche hae ki uu electric light bulb ke invent karis rahaa, lekin uu iske khaali aur achchhaa karis jisse ki ii bulb aur jaada din talak chale.

Edison sab se jaada chij ke incent karis rahaa - puura milae ke 1093.

Thomas Alva Edison ke janam Milan, Ohio me bhais rahaa. Jab Edison saat saal ke rahaa, tab uu  aapan palwaar ke saathe Port Huron, Michigan rahe khatir chal diis. Edison, bemari ke kaaran,  school deri me suruu karis rahaa. Tiin hafta ke baad uske school se hatae dewa gais kahe ki uu teacher ke baat pe dhyan nai dhe sakat rahaa.  Uske maiya, jon ki Canada me ek teacher rahii, Edison ke ghare parrhais.

Jab Edison 14 saal ke rahaa tab uske scarlet fever hoe gais. Ii fever aur ek train ke conductor ke uske murr me maare ke kaaran uu bahira hoe gais.  Uu Morse code aur telegraph ke kaam me laawe ke sikhis, aur ek telegraph operator ke kaam suruu karis. 16 saal ke umar me uu pahila invention invention banais, jiske naam "automatic repeater" rahaa. Ii chij telegraph signals dui unmanned stations ke biich me bhejat rahaa.

1868 me Edison me Boston, Massachusetts jaae ke Western Union Company me telegraph operator ke kaam kare lagaa. Iske baad uu  "electric vote-recording machine" banais.

Iske baad uu  New York, New York gais aur huan pe ek company ke machine ke repair kare ke kaam kare lagaa. 29 saal ke umar me uu carbon transmitter pe kaam kare ke suruu karis, jiske kaaran Alexander Graham Bell ke nawaa telephone ke aur jor kar diis. 1877me , Edison phonograph ke invent karis, jon ki pahila machine rahaa jon ki sound ke record aur bajae sakat rahaa. Iske kaaran uu dunia bhar me famour hoe gais.

## Palwaar

1871 me uu Mary Stilwell se saadi karis aur uske tiin larrkan bhais. Mary Edison 1884 me mar gais aur uu firMina Miller se saadi karis aur uske tiin aur larrkan bhais.

## Duusra websites

* Edison cylinder recordings, from the Cylinder Preservation and Digitization Project at the University of California, Santa Barbara Library.
* 4-disc DVD set containing over 140 films produced by the Thomas Edison Company.
* Complete list of 1,093 patents.
Euclid

**Euclid of Alexandria ** (Greek: Εὐκλείδης) (325 BC–265 BC) ek Greek mathematician rahaa jon ki  Alexandria, Egypt me rahat rahaa. 

Dher log Euclid ke *the father of geometry* maane hae. 

## Euclid ke [[Axiom]]
# Jon sab chij ek chij ke baraabar hae, ek duusre ke baraabar rahe hae. (Things equal to the same thing are equal to one another)
# Jab baraabar chij ke baraabar chij se jorra jaae tab puura bhi baraabar rahe hae. (If equals be added to equals, the wholes are equal)
# Jab baraabar chij ke baraabar chij se nikaala jaae tab bachaa bhi baraabar rahe hae. (If equals be subtracted from equals, the remainders are equal)
# Jab dui chij me ekke rakam ke chij hae tab duuno ek duusre ke baraabar hae. (Things which coincide with one another are equal to one another.)
# Puura, hissa se jaada rahe hae. (The whole is greater than the part.) 

## References
Leonhard Euler

**Leonhard Euler** (pronounced *Oiler*) (15 April 1707 – 7 September 1783) ek Swiss mathematician aur physicist rahaa. Uu aapan jindagi ke jaada time Russia aur Germany me bitais rahaa.

Euler calculus aur topology me nawaa chij paais rahaa aur dher sabd banais rahaa jon ki abhi mathematics me kaam me lawa jaae hae. Uu mathematical function ke idea suruu karis rahaa. Uu mechanics, optics, aur astronomy me bhi kaam karis rahaa. 

## References
Michael Faraday

**Michael Faraday** (22 September 1791-25 August 1867) ek English chemist aur physicist rahaa. 

Uske time pe uske rakam ke log ke *natural philosophers* bola jjawat rahaa.  Michael Faraday ii paais ki jab ek taar me bijli bahe hae tab uu ek rakam ke chumbak loha ban jaawe hae. Iske aajkal electromGnetism bola jaawe hae. Uu ii bhi paais ki kon rakam se bijli se chemical ke bhala jaae sake hae. 

## Zindagi
Michael Faraday ke janam South London, England me bhais rahaa. Uske palwaar ke lage bahut paisa nai rahaa. Uske pitaji ek lohaar rahaa.
Henry Ford

**Henry Ford** (30 July 1863 - 7 April 1947) ek American engineer aur businessman rahaa. Uu 1896  me motar banae ke suruu karis aur Ford Motor Company ke suruu karis rahaa.
Enrico Fermi

**Enrico Fermi** (29 September 1901 – 28 November 1954) ek Italian physicist rahaa, jon ki pahila nuclear reactor me kaam karis rahaa aur quantum theory ke banae me bhi madat karis rahaa. Uu particle physics, aur statistical mechanics khatir bhi jaana jaawe hae. Fermi ke 1938 me Physics me Nobel prize dewa gais rahaa uske induced radioactivity ke kaam ke khatir.
Fibonacci

**Fibonacci** (1175 - 1250) ek Italian mathematician rahaa. Uske aslii naam **Leonardo of Pisa** nai to **Leonardo Pisano** rahaa. Uskes nickname, Fibonacci, uske pitaji se aais rahaa, jiske naam Bonacci rahaa. Fibonacci ke matlab son of (a) Bonacci hae. Uske maiya Alessandra Larracocci rahii jon ki uu time mar gais jab ki Fibonacci nau saal ke rahaa.
Galileo Galilei

**Galileo Galilei** (Gal-lee-lay-oh Gal-eel-ay) (15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642) ek Italian tara vigyanik (astronomer), bhautik vigyanik (physicist) aur abhiyanta  (engineer)  rahaa. 

Galileo pahila admii rahaa jon ki aasmaan, chandarma, tara aur grah (planets) ke baare me aapan bichaar ke prakaasit karis rahaa.  

## References

* 
*
Carl Friedrich Gauss

**Carl Friedrich Gauss (Gauß)** (30 April 1777 – 23 February 1855) ek German mathematician rahaa. Uske jaada kaam number theory aur astronomy me rahaa.
Joseph Fourier

**Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier** (21 March 1768 - 16 May 1830) ek French mathematician aur physicist rahaa jon ki Fourier series ke baare me investigate karis rahaa aur iske heat flow ke application me.  Fourier ke paidais Auxerre me bhaes raha aur uu ek darjii ke larrka rahaa. Uu jab chhota rahaa tab uske mai baap mar gain rahaa.
Galen

**Galen of Pergamum** (AD 129 – 200/217) ek Roman physician aur philosopher rahaa jon ki [Greece] se aais rahaa]. Uu [Roman Empire ke time ek important medical researcher rahaa. Usketheories Western medical science ke ek hajaar saal talak influence karis rahaa.
Johannes Gutenberg

**Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg** (jiske jaada kar ke **Johannes Gutenberg** ke naam se jaana jjawat rahaa) (lagbhag 1390s - 3 February 1468), ek German metal-worker aur inventor rahaa. Uu printing ke khatir famous bhais hae.

Gutenberg ke janam Mainz me bhais rahaa aur uu ek merchant ke larrka rahaa. 

Gutenberg ek rakam ke metal ke printing ke khatir invent karis rahaa.
James Prescott Joule

**James Prescott Joule** (24 December 1818 – 11 October 1889) ek English physicist rahaa, jon ki Salford, Manchester ke lage paida bhais rahaa. Uske Joule's law discover kare khatir jaana jaawe hae.
Johannes Kepler

**Johannes Kepler** (27 December 1571 – 15 November 1630) ek German astronomer rahaa. 

## Duusra websites

* Annotation: Posner Family Collection in Electronic Format  *Harmonices mundi* ("The Harmony of the Worlds") in fulltext facsimile; in Latin
* 
* Electronic facsimile-editions of the rare book collection at the Vienna Institute of Astronomy
* Kepler and the "Music of the Spheres"
* Gale E. Christianson- Kepler's Somnium: Science Fiction and the Renaissance Scientist 
* Kepler's Belief in Astrology by Nick Kollerstrom
* References for Johannes Kepler
Pacific Islands

**Pacific Islands** uu island hae jon ki Pacific Ocean me hae. Isme lagbhag 20,000 - 30,000 island hae. Ii sab island ke kabhi kabhi Oceania bola jaawe hae. Pacific Islands ke ttin hissa me baata jaawe hae. Ii hae Polynesia, Melanesia, aur Micronesia. Jon log ii island me rahe hae ke Pacific Islander bola jaawe hae. Ii island volcanic nai to coral reef se banaa rahe hae.
Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī

**Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi** (Persian:محمد بن موسى خوارزمی) (Arabic: محمد بن موسى الخوارزمي) ek Persian mathematician rahaa jon ki Baghdad me lagbhag 830 me rahat rahaa. Uu algebra ke invent karis rahaa aur algebra ke baare me ek book bhi likis rahaa. Ii karan se uske "the father of algebra" bola jaawe hae. Uu ek aur book  "Indian numbers"  ke baare me likihis jisme addition aur subtraction ke baare me batawa gais hae. Middle Ages me gora mathematicians  logan ii book ke parr ke iske "Arabic numbers" (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, ...)  ke naam diin.
Gottfried Leibniz

**Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz** (jiske *Leibnitz* aur *von Leibniz* ke naam se bhi jaana jaawe hae) (1 July  1646 – 14 November 1716) ek German scientist rahaa jon ki jaada kar ke French aur Latin me likhis rahaa.

## References
Chanakya

**Chanakya** (Sanskrit: चाणक्य *|Cāṇakya*) (c. 350-283 BCE), jiske **Kauyiya** aur **Visnugupta** ke naam se bhi jaana jaae hae, Chandragupta Maurya ke salaahakaar (adviser) aur prime minister rahaa. Chanakya, Chandragupta ke Maurya Empire banae me madat karis rahaa. Chanakya ke economics ke ek aguwaa (pioneer) maana jaawe hae. Uu aapan bichaar ke Arthashastra me likhis hae.

Chanakya ke updesh ke abhi bhi India aur Fiji me quote karaa jaae hae. Uske chhe khaas shlokas hae:
# Aapan len-den me bahut imaandaar nai bano, jaise ki tum jangle me dekhega, siidha perr ke kaat dewaa jaae hae, jab ki tehrra perr kharraa rahe hae.
# Iske baare me sab time socho: sahi samay, sahi dost, sahi jagha, amdani ke sahi saadhan, kharchaa kare ke sahhi tariikaa, aur aap kisse aapan sakti letaa hae.
# Jon koi kharaab nai hoe waala chij ke chhorr ke kharaab hoe waala chij rakkhae hae, uu chij kharaab nai hoe waala ke saathe kharaab hoe waala chij ke bhi haar jaae hae.
# Mahaantaa, achchhaa gun se aae hae, acchhaa pad se nai. Khaali mahal ke chhat pe baithe se kaua (crow) garuda (mythical bird in Hindu and Buddhist culture) nai ban jaae hae.
# Sita ke rakam koi aur sundar aur dayalu aurat nai hoe sake hae. Urvashi ke rakam koi sundar lekin ghamandi (proud) aurat nai hoe sake hae. Admi log me sabse uppar, Karna, ke rakam koi nai hoe sake hae.
# Ii duniya me sab se taagatwar aujaar gyaan (knowledge) hae. Gyaani ke ii dunia me aadar karaa jaae hae. Aapan kul (clan) ke barbaad hoe pe bhi Bali, Krishna aur Ravan ke naam ii dunia me hae, uu log ke gyaan ke kaaran.

## References
Carl Linnaeus

**Carolus Linnaeus** (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778) ek Swedish botanist, physician aur zoologist rahaa jon ki Binomial nomenclature ke banais rahaa. Uske "father of modern taxonomy" bola jaawe hae. 

## Notes and references



### References
* Sörlin & Fagerstedt, *Linné och hans lärjungar*, 2004. 
* J.L.P.M.Krol, *Linneaus' verblijf op de Hartekamp* In: Het landgoed de Hartekamp in Heemstede. Heemstede, 1982.
James Clerk Maxwell

**James Clerk Maxwell** (janam 13 June 1831 Edinburgh me – maut 5 November 1879) ek Scottish mathematician, physicist aur Maxwell's equations ke paawe waala rahaa.

Maxwell ke dhani dharmic palwaar me paeda bhais rahaa. 1845me, jab uu khaali 14 saal ke rahaa, uu ek paper likhis rahaa jisme uu ek nawaa rakam ke  mathematical curves ke draw kare ke system ke suruu karis. 1847 me uu University of Edinburgh me mathematics parrhe ke suruu karis. 1850 me Maxwellbadal ke University of Cambridge ke Trinity College me bharti hoe gais. Uu university me aapan kaam ke khatir dher prize jiitis aur 1854 me graduate bhais. 1855 se 1872talak uu colour blindness ke khatir reseach karis.

1856 me Maxwell professor of 'Natural Philosophy', Marischal College, Aberdeen me banae dewa gais rahaa. Uu huan pe 1860 talak kaam karis aur iske baad King's College London me professor banaa.  1861 me Maxwell ke Royal Society ke member banawa gais. 1871 me uu Cavendish Professor of Physics at Cambridge banaa.

Uu dher chij study karis rahaa lekin uske electromagnetism aur gas ke uppar research khatir jaana jaawe hae. 

Maxwell ke maut 1879 me cancer se bhais rahaa.

## Publications
* Maxwell, James Clerk, "*On the Description of [[Oval]] [[Curve]]s, and those having a plurality of Focus (geometry)|Foci*". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Vol. ii. 1846.
* Maxwell, James Clerk, "*Illustrations of the Dynamical Theory of Gases*". 1860.
* Maxwell, James Clerk, "*[http://www.vacuum-physics.com/Maxwell/maxwell_oplf.pdf On Physical Lines of Force]*". 1861.
* Maxwell, James Clerk, "*A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field*". 1865.
* Maxwell, James Clerk, "*[http://www.ee.adfa.edu.au/staff/hrp/historicalpapers/ongovernors.pdf On Governors] *".From the Proceedings of the Royal Society, No.100. 1868.
* Maxwell, James Clerk, "*Theory of Heat*". 1871.
* Maxwell, James Clerk, "*A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism*". Clarendon Press, Oxford. 1873.
* Maxwell, James Clerk, "*[http://www.thecore.nus.edu.sg/landow/victorian/science/science_texts/molecules.html Molecules]*". Nature, September, 1873.
* Maxwell, James Clerk, "*[http://www.antiquebooks.net/readpage.html#maxwell Matter and Motion] *", 1876.
* Maxwell, James Clerk, "*On the Results of Bernoulli's Theory of Gases as Applied to their Internal Friction, their Diffusion, and their Conductivity for Heat*".
* Maxwell, James Clerk, "Ether", Encyclopedia Britannica, Ninth Edition (1875-89).
Mahabharata

** Mahabharata**, yaani ki barraa India, purana India ke dui lamba khissa (epic) me se ek hae. Duusra hae Ramayana. Mahabharata ke Hindustani rishi, Vyasa, compose karis rahaa. Ii bhi biswas karaa jaawe hae ki bhagwan Ganesh iske likhis rahaa jab ki Vyasa iske batais rahaa. Isme 110,000 couplets, 18 hissa me hae. Ek 19th hissa,jiske naam Harivamsha hai, bhi hae. Bhagavad Gita, Krishna aur Arjuna ke biich me baat hae , aur ii Mahabharata ke ek hissa hae.

Rishi Vyas aapan larrka, Suka aur students ke Mahabharat parrhais. 

## [[Kuru]] family tree

**Key to Symbols**
*Male: ** ''blue border***</span>
*Female: <span style="border: solid 2px red;">*' *red border* **</span>
*[[Pandava]]s: <span style="border:solid 0.5px black; background:#8d8;">** *green box* **</span>
*[[Kaurava]]s: <span style="border:solid 0.5px black; background:#ff0;">** *yellow box* **</span>

**Notes**
***a**: [[Santanu]] was a king of the Kuru dynasty or kingdom, and was some generations removed from any ancestor called [[Kuru (kingdom)|Kuru]]. His marriage to [[Ganga (goddess)|Ganga]] preceded his marriage to [[Satyavati]].
***b**: [[Pandu]] and [[Dhritarashtra]] were fathered by [[Vyasa]] after [[Vichitravirya]]'s death. Dhritarashtra, Pandu and Vidura were the sons of Vyasa with Ambika, Ambalika and a maid servant respectively.
***c**: [[Karna]] was born to [[Kunti]] through her invocation of [[Surya]], before her marriage to [[Pandu]].
***d**: [[Yudhishtira]], [[Bhima]], [[Arjuna]], [[Nakula]] and [[Sahadeva]] were acknowledged sons of [[Pandu]] but were begotten by [[Kunti]]'s invocation of various deities. They all married [[Draupadi]] (not shown in tree).
***e''': Duryodhana and his siblings were born at the same time, and they were of the same generation as their Pandava cousins.

The birth order of siblings is correctly shown in the family tree (from left to right), except for Vyasa and Bhishma whose birth order is not described, and Vichitravirya who was born after them. The fact that Ambika and Ambalika are sisters is not shown in the family tree. The birth of Duryodhana took place after the birth of Karna, Yudhishtira and Bhima, but before the birth of the remaining Pandava brothers.

Some siblings of the characters shown here have been left out for clarity; these include Chitrāngada, the eldest brother of Vichitravirya. Vidura, half-brother to Dhritarashtra and Pandu.

## India ke sanskriti pe asar
Bhagavad Git me Krishna, Arjuna ke ii samjhaae hae ki ek warrior aur prince ke kon duty hae aur dherYoga ke baare me aur Veda ke baare me ke  philosophies ke samjhaae hae. Isse Gita  banaa, jisse Hindu sahitiye ke ek chhota guide batawa jaawe hae. . Aajkal ke jamana me , Swami Vivekananda, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Mahatma Gandhi aur dher aur jane Gita ke kaam me laae ke India ke ajaadi ke struggle me kaam me laain rahin.

## Aur jaankari
* MahabharataOnline - The Complete Translation of Vyasa Mahabharata and Stories from Mahabharata
* The Mahabharata >> 18 Parvas in English 
* Some nice info on Hinduism including the Mahabharata 

## References
Ramayana

**Ramayana**, Ram ke baare me khissa hae, aur ii India ke dui lamba khissa me se ek hae. Duusra hae Mahabharata. Iske suruu me rishi Valmiki likhis rahaa. Isme lagbhag 96,000 verses hae aur iske saat hissa me baata gais hae.

Ramayana ke khissa Prince Rama ke baare me hae jiske Ayodha se banwas bhej dewa gais rahaa.

## Ii bhi dekho
Ramayan (Sanskrit bhasa me)