Bible

The **Bible**{  dharmik religious text ke ek sangrah hae jon Christianity aur Judaism ke khaatir ek khaas book hae, aur iske duusra  Abrahamic religions dharam, jaise Islam bhi maane hae. The Bible ek anthology hae (a compilation of texts of a variety of forms) suruu me iske Hebrew bhasa (jisme kuchh hissa Aramaic bhasa) aur Koine Greek me hae. Bible me likha gais chij me hae instructions, khissa, kavita, prophecies, aur duusra genre bhi. Jon chij ke Bible ke hissa, koi ek  dharmik sanskriti nai to samaj maane hae ke  biblical canon bola jaawe hae. Biswas kare waala log ii biswas kare hae ki ii sab text product of divine inspiration hae, lekin jon rakam se uu log iske sanjhe hae aur iske kaise interpret the text kare hae, ek duusra dharam me different hae. 

Dharmik book, nai to shastr ke alag-alag dharmik samaj aapan sangrah me rakkhae rahin. Isme se sab se puraana me Bible ke pahila paanch book hae , jiske Torah ('Teaching') Hebrew aur Pentateuch (meaning 'five books') Greek me bola jaawe hae. Duusra sab se puraana sangrah me hae  narrative histories aur prophecies (the Nevi'im) ke sangrah. Tiisra sangrah hae,  Ketuvim, jisme psalms, proverbs, aaur narrative itihaas hae. *[[Hebrew Bible|Tanakh]]*  Hebrew Bible ke duusra naam hae. Masoretic Text , Tanakh jiske Hebrew aur Aramaic me likha gais hae—that ke authoritative text of the Hebrew Bible by modern Rabbinic Judaism maana jaawe hae.  Septuagint ek Koine Greek translation, Tanakh ke hae duusra aur tiisra century se; ii jaada kar ke Hebrew Bible ke overlap kare hae.

Christianity suruu bhais rahaa  Second Temple Judaism me se,  Septuagint ke Old Testament ke basis maan ke. Puraana church  Jewish sanskriti of writing and incorporating what it saw as inspired, authoritative religious books ke jaari rakkhis rahaa. Gospels, jon  Jesus ke jindagi aur parrhai ke baare me hae,  Pauline epistles ke saathe, aur duusra book, jaldi se  New Testament ban gais. Bible ke sab se puraana hissa   BCE pahile talak hae, jab New Testament jaada kar ke  4th century CE me banaa rahaa. 

Christian Bible ke puura bikri lagbhag 5 billion hae, jiske kaaran ii sab time ke sab se jaada bike waala book hae.  Bible ke khaas asar duuno  Western culture aur itihaas pe rahaa, aur duusra sanskriti pe bhi dinia bhar me.   

## Naam
*Bible* sabd  Hebrew Bible ke naam hoe sake hae, jon  Christian Old Testament ke correspond kare hae, nai to Christian Bible, jon  Old Testament ke saathe New Testament ke bhi saamil kare hae.

English sabd *[[:wikt:Bible|Bible]]* Greek biblia se se aais hae, jiske matlab 'the books' hae. Sabd  ke apne se matlab hae  'scroll' aur baad me iske  *book* ke coomon name banaa. Ii  *byblos* ke chhotaa form hae, 'Egyptian papyrus', hoe sake hae Phoenician seaport Byblos (also known as Gebal) se jahan se Egyptian papyri ke Greece export karaa jaawat rahaa.

Greek *ta biblia* ek "an expression rahaa jiske Hellenistic Jews kaam me laae kke aapan dharmik books ke describe karat rahin". Bible ke  scholar F.&nbsp;F. Bruce ii note kare hae ki ii lage hae ki John Chrysostom pahila lekhak rahaa (in his *Homilies on Matthew*, delivered between 386 and 388 CE) jon Greek phrase *ta biblia* ('the books') ke kaam me laais rahaa, Old aur New Testament ke saathe kar ke.

Latin me *biblia sacra* ('holy books')  Greek  (*tà biblía tà hágia)* ke translation hae, jiske matlab hae 'the holy books'. Medieval Latin  me ii *biblia sacra* 'holy book' ke chhotaa ruup hae. Iske baad me ek  feminine singular noun (, gen. ) in medieval Latin, and so the word was loaned as singular into the vernaculars of Western Europe.

## Development and history

The Bible khaali ek book nai hae; ii books aur texts ke ek sangrah hae, jiske  complex development ke abhi talak ouura nai samjha jaawe hae. Sab se puraana book, gaana ke ruup me suruu bhais rahaa aur khissa jiske ek generation se duusra  generation ke muh se failaawa gais rahaa. Twenty-first century ke gyaani log abhi talak khaali   "the interface between writing, performance, memorization, and the aural dimension" ii sab text ke shamjhe ke suruu karin hae. Abhi ii samjha jaawe hae ki lekh aur muh se failaawa gais jaankari alag nai rahaa kaajeki puraana lekh ke  communal oral performance me sikha jaawat rahaa. Bible ke dher jan likhin aur compile kare rahin, jon dher scholars ii biswas kare hae ki abi talak anjaan hae aur ii log dher sanskriti aur des ke hae.  

Britain ke bible ke scholar,  John K. Riches likhis hae:

Bible ke book ke suruu me papyrus scrolls me haanth se likha aur copy karaa gais rahaa.  Koi original lekh abhi talak bachaa nai hae. Ii lekh ke pahila composition ke umar ke  ke jaana sahaj nai hae aur iske baare me dher bahas hoe hae. Bhasa aur itihaas ke jorr ke, Hendel aur Joosten  Hebrew Bible (the Song of Deborah in Judges 5 and the Samson story of Judges 16 and 1 Samuel) ke sab se puraana hissa  ke  premonarchial early Iron Age me compiel karaa gais rahaa (). Dead Sea Scrolls, jiske 1947 me  Qumran ke gufaa me paawa gais rahaa, ke   250 BCE aur 100 CE ke biich me trace karaa gais rahaa. Ii Hebrew Bible ke sab se puraana copy hae.