Andy Warhol

**Andy Warhol** (paidais waala naam **Andrew Warhola**, 6 August 1928 - 22 February 1987) American ke ek sab se jaada jaana maana artist rahaa. Uske janam Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania me bhais rahaa. Uu suruu me ek commercial artist ke kaam karis rahaa. Uu dukaan khatir advertisement aur window display banais rahaa. Kuch din baad uu ek artist ban gais aur aapan Pop Art, jisme sab object aur image ke repeat karaa jaawe hae, khatir jaana maana hoe gais. Uske sab se jaada jaana maana painting American movie star, Marilyn Monroe ke rang bharaa portrait rahaa.

## Bachpan (1928–48)
Andy Warhol ke janam Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania me 6 August 1928 me bhais rahaa. Uu Andrij Warhola (maut: 1942)  aur Julia (née Zavacka, 1892–1972),  ke chutha larrka rahaa. Uske mai-baap Rusyns (nai to Lemkos) emigrants from Mikó (now called Miková), located in today’s northeastern Slovakia, part of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire ke immigrant rahin. Warhol ke pitaji 1914 me US aais rahaa au uske maiya, and 1921 me, Andy Warhol ke grandparents ke maut ke baad, uske join karis. Warhol ke pitaji ek coal mine me kaam karis rahaa. Uske palwaar 55 Beelen Street aur baad me 3252 Dawson Street, Oakland, Pittsburgh me rahat rahin. Uske palwaar Byzantine Catholic rahin aur St. John Chrysostom Byzantine Catholic Church jaawat rahin. Andy Warhol ke lage dui bhaeya, Ján aur Pavol, rahaa jon ki aaj ke Slovakia me pide bhae ahin. Pavol ke lark, James Warhola, ek safal  children's book illustrator banaa rahaa.

Jab uu third grade me rahaa, tab Warhol ke chorea pakarr liis rahaa. Uu hypochondriac ban gais, aur aspatal aur doctor log se dare lagaa.  Uu aapan bachpam ke time jaada kar ke bed-ridden  rahaa aur school me duusra larrkan se uske patat nai rahaa, lekin aapan maiyake dulara rahaa. Kabhi kabhi jab uu khatia me parraa rahaa tab uu radio ke sunat rahaa aur movire star ke chhapa batora rahaa.  Warhol baad me tais ki ii time uske jindagi m bahut important rahaa. Jab Worhol 13 saal ke rahaa tab uske pitaji ke maut k miar ke accident me hoe gais rahaa.

### 1950s
Warhol ke barraa-barraa fashion magazines hire karis rahaa, jisme rahaa *Glamour*, *[[Mademoiselle (magazine)|Mademoiselle]]*, *[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]*, aur ''Harper's Bazaar'', aur uu 1950s me iilog ke khaatis dher  advertisements banais rahaa. Ii time me, gallerist Alexander Iolas ke  Worhol ke paawe ke khaatir  credit karaa gais hae aur pahila organized his first solo exhibition, *Andy Warhol: Fifteen Drawings Based on the Writings of Truman Capote*,  Hugo Gallery  New York me 1952 me organise karis rahaa.

Warhol dher covers  *Interiors* magazine khaatir 1953 aur 1954 ke biich me banais rahaa. 1954 me, Warhol aapan kaam ke dekhais rahaa, dher dafe,  Vito Giallo's Loft Gallery, New York me. *[[ARTnews]]* ii batais hae ki  Warhol  "developed an original style of line drawing," ii note karte  "the effect of the reverse side of a negative, although his lines are broken and the spaces not clouded." Uske "blotted line" technique printmaking aur graphite drawing on paper techniques ke jorris rahaa. Ek saal me, Warhol, jon uu time aapan railroad apartment East 34th Street se kaam karat rahaa, Giallo ke invite karis ki uu uske pahila  paid studio assistant bane.

1955 me, Warhol juuta ke  manufacturer Israel Miller ke khaatir advertisement ke design kare lagaa rahaa.  Chitrkaar John Coplans yaad kare hae ki "nobody drew shoes the way Andy did. He somehow gave each shoe a temperament of its own, a sort of sly, Toulouse-Lautrec kind of sophistication, but the shape and the style came through accurately and the buckle was always in the right place." 1956 talak, Warhol ke anokha  style ke kaaran uske ek achchhaa fashion illustrator maana jaawe lagaa rahaa. Uske chitr,  L. Miller ke khaatir, ke dher attention milaa rahaa, aur uu etna busy rahaa ki uske dher kaam ke nai kare ke parraa rahaa. 

1956 ke ek interview *Mademoiselle* se, Warhol aapan  approach ke commercial aur fine art ke jorrnaa batais rahaa: "Every time I draw a shoe for a job, I do an illustration for myself." Uu ii maanis ki "you almost have to specialize to get assignments," lekin ii note karis rahaa ki jaada New York art directors maangat rahin  "give you a chance to do things." Warhol ke aapan personal chitr whimsical juuta ke design me   gold leaf rahaa, aur har ek koi jaana-maana jan jaise Truman Capote, Kate Smith, James Dean, Julie Andrews, Elvis Presley, aur Zsa Zsa Gabor rahaa. Ii sab  $50 se $225 ek kar ke bikaa rahaa, jab uske   Bodley Gallery, New York me December 1956 me dekhaawa gais rahaa.

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