Louis Pasteur

**Louis Pasteur** (27 December 1822 – 28 September 1895) ek French microbiologist aur chemist rahaa. Uu aur uske aurat, Marie, ke  "germ theory of disease", ke khatir experiment kare ke khatir jaana jaawe hae. Uu pahila jan rahaa jon ki rabies ke khatir vaccination banais rahaa. Uu chemistry me dher chij discover karis rahaa, khaas taur pe crystals ke symmetry aur different shapes.  Uske dudh aur wine ke dher din talak rajhe ke system banae khatir bhi jaana jaawe hae. Iske pasteurization bola jaawe hae.

## Bachpan ke din aur sikchhaa

Louis Pasteur ke janam 27 December 1822 me, Dole, Jura, France me bhais rahaa, ek Catholic palwaar me garib tanner rahaa. Uu  Jean-Joseph Pasteur aur Jeanne-Etiennette Roqui ke tiisra larrkaa rahaa. Uske palwaar Marnoz me 1826 aur Arbois me 1827 me rahe ke gay rahin. Pasteur, primary school 1831 me suruu karis rahaa. Uu  dyslexic aur dysgraphic rahaa.

Uu aapan bachpan me ek  average student rahaa, aur parrhai me achchhaa nai rahaa, kaaheki uske dil fishing aur sketching me rahaa. Uu dher pastels aur chhaapa aapan mai-baap, dost and parrosi ke banais rahaa. Pasteur secondary school, Collège d'Arbois me parrhis rahaa. October 1838 me uu Paris gais ek  boarding school me bharti hoe ke khaatir, lekin homesick hoe gais aur November me laut gais rahaa.

1839 me uu, Collège Royal, Besançon me bharti hoe ke  philosophy parrhe lagaa aur aapan  Bachelor of Letters degree ke 1840 me paais rahaa. Uske Besançon college ke ek tutor banaawa gais rahaa jab uu  degree science course with special mathematics parrhat rahaa. Uu aapan pahila  examination, 1841 me fail hoe gais rahaa. Uu *[[Baccalauréat|baccalauréat scientifique]]* (general science) degree Dijon se karis, jahaan uske  Bachelor of Science in Mathematics degree (Bachelier ès Sciences Mathématiques), 1842 me mila rahaa, lekin uske grade chemistry me average rahaa.

Baad me, 1842 me, Pasteur École Normale Supérieure ke test liis rahaa. Test ke time, uske thakaan se larre ke parraa aur khaali  physics aur mathematics achchhaa se karis rahaa. Uu aapan pahila  set of tests se pass kar liis, lekin kaaheki uske  ranking  low rahaa, Pasteur decide karis ki uu agle saal fir se kosis karii. Uu Paris ke  boarding school lautis aur test ke taiyaari kare lagaa. Uu aapan classes ke  Lycée Saint-Louis me aur  lectures Jean-Baptiste Dumas  Sorbonne me parrhis rahaa. 1843 me uu test ke  high ranking se pass karis aur  École Normale Supérieure ke join karis. Baad me, uu Jean-Baptiste Boussingault, Conservatoire national des arts et métiers ke student rahaa. 1845 me uske  licencié ès sciences degree milaa. 1846 me uske professor of physics  Collège de Tournon,  Ardèche me, banaawa gais rahaa. Lekin chemist Antoine Jérôme Balard uske maangat rahaa *École Normale Supérieure* me ek graduate laboratory assistant (*agrégé préparateur*) ke ruup me. Uu Balard join karis simultaneously started his research in crystallography and i, aur uu ekke saathe  1847 me aapan  theses, ek chemistry me aur duusra physics me: (a) Chemistry Thesis: "Recherches sur la capacité de saturation de l'acide arsénieux. Etudes des arsénites de potasse, de soude et d'ammoniaque."; (b) Physics Thesis: "1. Études des phénomènes relatifs à la polarisation rotatoire des liquides. 2. Application de la polarisation rotatoire des liquides à la solution de diverses questions de chimie." karis rahaa