Leonardo da Vinci

**Leonardo da Vinci** (15 April 1452 - 2 May 1519) Italy ke ek painter, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor aur architect rahaa. 

## Jiwan kahaani
### Bajpan ke kahaani (1452–1472)
#### Janam aur palwaar

Leonardo da Vinci, jiske asli naam Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci rahaa ("Leonardo, son of ser Piero from Vinci"), 15 April 1452 ke Tuscan ke hill town Vinci, Italy,  Florence se 20 mile duur. Uu saadi se bahaar, to Piero da Vinci (Ser Piero da Vinci d'Antonio di ser Piero di ser Guido; 1426–1504) ke larrka rahaa, jon ek Florentine legal notary, rahaa.  Ii bhi daawa karaa gais hae ki, uske maiyaa, Caterina, saait ek  Middle East ke gulaam rahaa hoi "nai to kamti se kamti  Mediterranean se" nai to  Chinese descent ke.  Alessandro Vezzosi, head of the Leonardo Museum in Vinci, ke anusaar ii sabuut hae ki  Piero ke lage ek gulaam rahaa jiske naam Caterina rahaa.  Leonardo ke fingerprints re reconstruction ek pattern dekhae hae jon 60%  Middle Eastern log ke match kare hae, aur isse ii sanjha jaae hae ki  Leonardo me kuchh Middle Eastern khuun rahaa hoi.  Lekin abhi jaldi, historian Martin Kemp, Italy ke historical archive ke study kar ke sabuut paais hae ki  Leonardo ke maiya ke  young local aurat rahii, jiske naam   Caterina di Meo Lippi rahaa. Ii nai jaana jaae he ki  Leonardo kahaan paida bhais rahaa ;  local oral tradition jiske historian Emanuele Repetti record karis hae, ke anusaar uu  Anchiano , a country hamlet that would have offered sufficient privacy for the illegitimate birth, though it is still possible he was born in a house in Florence that Ser Piero almost certainly had, me paida bhais rahaa. Leonardo ke maiya aur pitaji, duuno uske janam ke baad duusra jan se saadi karin . Caterina – jiske  baad me Leonardo ke notes me   "Caterina" nai to "Catelina" bola gais hae – ke naam  Caterina Buti del Vacca rahaa, jon  local artisan Antonio di Piero Buti del Vacca, ke saathe saadi karis rahaa.   Ser Piero baad me Albiera Amadori ke saathe saadi karis rahaa aur 1464 me uske maut ke baad tiin aur dafe saadi karis rahaa.  Ii sab saadi me se  Leonardo ke  16 half-siblings (of whom 11 survived infancy) rahaa.  jon usse bahut jawaan rahin (aakhri waala uu time paida bhais jab  Leonardo was 46 saal ke rahaa) aur jisse uske bahut kamti len-den rahaa.

Leonardo ke bachpan ke baare me bahut nai jaana jaae hae, aur bahut chij sacchaa nai hoi,  uske biography  *[[Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects]]* (1550) by 16th-century art historian Giorgio Vasari ke kaaran. Tax records ii dekhae hae ki at least 1457 me uu aapan paternal grandfather, Antonio da Vinci, ke ghar me rahaa lekin ii hoe sake hae ki iske pahile waala saal me uu aapan maiya ke saathe   Vinci me, chaahe Anchiano nai to Campo Zeppi me  San Pantaleone parish me rahaa. Ii sanjha jaae hae ki uu aapan uncle, Francesco da Vinci, ke kaafi nagiich rahaa lekin uske pitaji jaada time   Florence me rahaa. Ser Piero, jon ek khandaani notary rahaa, Florence me 1469 me aapan official ghar banais rahaa aur aapan career me achchhaaa karat rahaa.   Uske palwaar ke itihaas ke bawajuut, Leonardo ke khaali  basic aur informal sikchhaa (vernacular) writing, reading, aur mathematics me milaa; saait ii kaaran se ki uske  artistic talents ke bachpan me recognise karaa gais rahaa, tab uske palwaar wahii chij me uske parrhaai ke concentrate karis. 

Baad me, Leonardo aapan  earliest memory ke record karis rahaa,  Codex Atlanticus me. Jab uu chirrya ke flight ke baare me likhat rahaa, tab uu ii yaad karis hae ki ek   infant chirrya uske cradle ke lage aais aur uske muh ke aapan puunch se kholis ; itihaas ke adhyan kare waala log ii debate kare hae ki ii sach rahaa ki fantasy.

#### Verrocchio's workshop

Mid-1460s me, Leonardo ke palwaar Florence me jaae ke rahe lagin, jon uu time  Christian Humanist soch and sanskriti ke center rahaa. 14 saal ke umar me, uu ek studio boy banis, Andrea del Verrocchio ke workshop me, jon Florence ke uu time ke jaana maana  painter aur sculptor rahaa. Yahii time Verrocchio ke master, mashuur sculptor Donatello ke maut bhais. 17 saal ke umar me Leonardo ek apprentice banaa aur training me saat saal talak rahaa. Ii workshop ke aur mashuurs painters jon rahin, nai to isse sambandh rakkhat rahin me   Ghirlandaio, Perugino, Botticelli, aur Lorenzo di Credi rahaa. Leonardo ke duunoaur dher rakam ke  technical skills hian pe mila, jisme drafting, chemistry, metallurgy, metal working, plaster casting, leather working, mechanics, woodwork rahaa, aur  artistic skills jaise drawing, painting, sculpting, aur modelling.

Leonardo ke time ke Botticelli, Ghirlandaio aur Perugino rahin, jon usse thorraa barraa rahin. Leonardo uu log ke  Verrocchio ke workshop nai to Platonic Academy of the Medici me mila rahaa. Florence me dher artist ke kaam ke display karaa gais rahaa, jaise  Masaccio, jiske figurative fresco me realism aur emotion, aur Ghiberti, jiske *[[Florence Baptistery#Lorenzo Ghiberti|Gates of Paradise]]*,  gold leaf se chamkat rahaa, jon art of combining complex figure compositions with detailed architectural backgrounds dekhaat rahaa. Piero della Francesca , perspective ke detail me adhyan karis rahaa, aur pahila painter rahaa jon light ke scientific study karis rahaa. Ii adhyan aur  Leon Battista Alberti ke treatise *[[De pictura]]* jawaan artist pe dher asar karis rahaa, khaas kar ke Leonardo ke aapan observations aur artworks me

Verrocchio ke workshop ke jaada painting uske  assistants kare rahin. Vasari ke anusaar, Leonardo, Verrocchio se uske *[[The Baptism of Christ (Verrocchio and Leonardo)|The Baptism of Christ]]* (), painting jisme ek jawaan angel Jesus robe pakrris hae, skill dekhais rahaa jon uske master se achchhaa rahaa, jiske kaaran ii socha jaae hae ki Verrocchio aapan painting band kar diis rahaa.  (the latter claim probably being apocryphal), me collaborate karis rahaa.  Oil paint ke nawaa technique ke dher work ke area me kaam me laawa gais rahaa, jisme  the landscape, the rocks seen through the brown mountain stream, aur  Jesus ke figure ke jaada hissa , me Leonardo ke haanth rahaa. Iske alaawa, Leonardo , Verrocchio ke dui painting me model bhi rahaa hoi: the bronze statue of *[[David (Verrocchio)|David]]* in the Bargello aur archangel Raphael in *[[Tobias and the Angel (Verrocchio)|Tobias and the Angel]]*.

Vasari, jab Leonardo jawaan admi rahaa ke time ke ek kahaani batae hae: ek local kisan aapan khaatir ek golaa shield banais aur ii request karis ki  Ser Piero uske khaatir iske paint karwae. Leonardo,  Medusa ke kahaani se inspire hoe ke,  ek monster ke paint karis jon aagi nikaalat rahaa aur etna  terrifying rahaa ki uske pitaji ek duusra shield khareed ke ke kisan ke diss aur  Leonardo ke painting ke ek Florentine art dealer ke 100 ducat me beech diis, jon baad me iske Duke of Milan ke beech diis.

## References