open-index/open-wikipedia-markdown huggingface dataset:
Judo

**Judo**, jiske matlab "Gentle Way" hae Japan ke purana Samurai art *Jiujitsu* se aae hae. Ii 1964 se ek Olympic sport hae. Judo ke 1882 me Kano Jigoro suruu karis rahaa  aur ii jujutsu se alag hae kaaheki isme opponent ke maarna aur hathuyaar ke nai kaam me laawa jaae hae. Judo uu time mashuur bhais jab iske Tokyo Metropolitan Police aapan khaas martial art banais. Judo ke practice kare waala ke :judoka" bola jaae hae aur judo ke uniform ke "judoki" bola jaae hae.

Judo me virodhi ke giraawa jaae hae, tabaawa jaae hae, nai to uske surrender karaawa jaae hae, lock nai to choke se. Jab ki maarna aur hathyaar ke kaam me laana kuch "kata" me hae, ii judo competition me illegal hae. Judo ke governing body International Judo Federation hae.

## Judo ''waza'' (techniques)
Judo me tiin khaas technique hae: *nage-waza* (giraae waala technique), *katame-waza* (pakrre waala technique) aur *atemi-waza* (Maare waala technique). Judo ke jaada kae ke *nage-waza* aur *katame-waza* ke khaatir jaana jaae hae.

Judo ke practice kare waala log har ek practice session me *ukemi* (break-falls) ke practice kare hae, jaise ki *nage-waza* ke bina choot ke karaa jaae sake hae. Dher rakam ke ukemi hae; jaise *ushiro ukemi* (pichchhe ke bagal gire ke technique), *yoko ukemi* (side ke bagal gire ke technique), *mai ukemi* (aage ke bagal gire ke technique) aur *zenpo kaiten ukemi* (roll hoe ke gire ke technique) *Waza* kare waala ke *tori* bola jaae hae aur jispe ii perform karaa jaae hae ke *uke* bola jaae hae.

### ''Nage-waza''
*Nage-waza* me uu sab technique hae jisme *tori*, *uke* ke girae ke, nai to langi maare (trip) ke kosis kare hae, jisse *uke* aapan piithi (back) pe gire hae. Har ek technique me tiin hissa rahe hae:
* *Kuzushi*: virodhi aapan balance khoe de hae
* *Tsukuri*: ghuum ke throw me fit ho jaana
* *Kake*: throw ke kar ke khalaas karna

*Nage-waza* ke aam taur pe drill karaa jaae hae *uchi-komi* ke kaam me laae kae, jaise ki throw ke *kake* ke level pe lai jaawa jaae hae.

### ''Katame-waza''
*Katame-waza* ke aur chhota hissa me me baata jaae hae: *osaekomi-waza* (pakkrre waala technique) jisme *tori*, *uke* ke pakarr ke uske piithi ke floor me dabae de hae, *shime-waza* (gatai dabaae waala technique) jisme *tori, uke* ke give-up kare ke khaatir uske saans le se roke hae, aur *kansetsu-waza* (joint technique) jisme *tori, uske* ke give-up karae hae, joints ke dabae ke.

Ii rakam ke ek aur technique hae *ne-waza*, jisme *waza* ke bina kharraa hoe ke apply karaa jaae hae.

Judo ke competition me kansetsu-waza ke ke khaali elbow me apply karaa jaae hae.

### ''Atemi-waza''
Atemi-waza me tori, uke ke ek vital point me maar ke disable kare hae. Atemi-waza ke kata se bahaar kaam me laae ke ijaajat nai hae.

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Karate

**Karate** ek rakam ke lare ke tarika hae, jiske martial art bola jaae hae, aur jon ki Okinawa me suruu bhais rahaa.
American football

**American football** ek team sport hae, jiske jaada kar ke USA me khela jaae hae aur ek side me 11 khilaarri rahe hae. Iske ek ball se khel jaawe hae. Point uu time mile hae jab baall ke duusra team ke goal line se pichhe lae jawa jaae hae.
Auto racing

**Auto racing** ek rakam ke khel hae jisme motar se race karaa jaawe hae. Sab se pahila race, motar ke bane ke kucch din baad 1887 me Paris me bhais rahaa.
Baseball

**Baseball** ek rakam ke game hae jisme nau khilaarri ke dui team hissa le hae. Iske jaada kar ke United States me khelaa jaawe hae. Iske ek bat aur ball se khelaa jaae hae.
Basketball

**Basketball** ek bahut popular khel hae jiske ek gola, orange ball se khela jaae hae. Iss khel meh do teams hai jisme paanch khiladi hai.
Cricket

**Cricket** ek rakam ke game hae jiske gyrah khilaari ke dui team ke beach me khela jaawe hae. Ii khel duniya mae 120 million khilaari khelat rahiis hae, jis waja se ii khel duniya mai dui sab se prasidh khel baan gaya rahiis hae. Cricket Australia, Indian subcontinent, England, West Indies kay desho mae aur Southern Africa kay desho mae bohot pasand kiya jata hae.

### closed

## Photo Gallery

File:Cricket field parts.svg|Cricket field.
File:Lord's Cricket Ground Heath Streak.jpg|London ka prasidh cricket ground Lord's.
File:White ball 2.JPG|Limited overs cricket kii safeed (white) ball.
File:Used cricket ball.jpg|Test cricket kii lal (red) ball.
File:Cricket Stumps en.svg|Cricket kay stumps aur bails.
File:A modern Cricket bat (back view).jpg|Cricket bat.



File:WGGrace.jpg|Cricket batsman.
File:Cricket Umpire.jpg|Cricket umpire.
File:Crawford bowling.jpg|Cricket bowler.
File:Cricket wicket keeper.jpg|Cricket wicket keeper.


## References


## Bahaari jorr

* International Cricket Council
* MCCCricket kaa official kanoon 
* Explanation of Cricket
* Cricket Explained (An American Viewpoint)
* Cricinfo
* CricketArchive
* Click Here
Golf

**Golf** ek rakm ke game hae jisme khilaarri log ek chhota ball ke golf club se maar ke ek chhed me girae ke kosis kare hae.

## Duusra websites
* Best Players
* Rules of Golf
* Golf Equipment Reviews 
* Golf ball aerodynamics
* Golfers' Dictionary 
* A Nice Golf Tips Blog 
* Golf news
* Golf history 
* Golf trivia 
* Golf Tips & More 
* Titleist Golf Clubs 
* Online Golf Tips & Biomechanics of the golf swing
Ghurrdaur

**Ghurrdaur (Horse racing)** ek rakam ke khel hae jisme ghorra ke biich me race karaa jaawe hae. Ghorra ke daurrae waala ke jockey bola jaawe hae. Aaj-kal jaada ghurrdaur "bet" kare ke khaatir karaa jaawe hae.
Ice hockey

**Ice hockey** ek rakam ke hockey ke game hae jiske ice pe khela jaawe hae. 

## Duusra websites
* International Olympic Committee
Tennis

**Tennis** ek rakam ke game hae jisme dui nai to chaar player ek ball ke racket se maar ke cout ke duusra bagal kare ke kosis kare hae. 

## Images

Image:Tennisball.jpg|Tennis balls

Image:Anna-Lena Grönefeld, Ordina Open, Rosmalen, Netherlands, 2005.jpg|Female player
Image:Final Score Andy Roddick vs Saulnier.jpg|Scoreboard


## Duusra websites
* ATP The official site for men's professional tennis
* WTA The official site for women's professional tennis
Athletics

**Athletics**, jiske United States me **track and field** nai to **track and field athletics** bola jaawe hae, ek khel hae jisme jaada kar ke akele hissa lewa jaawe hae aur jisme daurraa, kuuda aur bigaa jaawe hae.
Chemical compound

**Chemical compound** ek chemical hae jiske duusra rakam ke atoms ke jorr ke banawa gais hae. 

## References
Biochemistry

**Biochemistry**, Rasayan vigyan ke uu branch hae jisme jinda chij ke study karaa jaawe hae. Iske Jiu vigyan ke be ek hissa maana jaae hae. Biochecmistry ke tiin hissa me baata jaae sake hae; structural biology, enzymology aur metabolism
Tejaab

**Acid** uu chij hae jiske pH 7.0 se kamti rahe hae

Kuchh acid jon ki nature me hae:

* Sirkaa (Vinegar), jisme acetic acid hae.
* Nitric acid jiske 13th centuryme pawa gais rahaa.
* Citric acid, jon ki fruit me rahe hae. 
* Lactic acid jiske dahii me pawa jaae hae.
* Sulfuric acid 

Acid ke property hae:

* Khattaa lage jab iske khawa jaae hae.
* agar iske chhuwa jaae tab ii chamrraa ke jarae sake hae
*
## References
Base (chemistry)

**Chemistry** me **base** uu chij hae jiske pH 8 se 14 talak hae .

* Iske karrua sawaad hae
* Ii chhue pe kai ke rakam hae
* Base, litmus paper ke blue kar de hae
Nimak (khaae waala)

Chemistry, me **nimak** koi rakam ke natural compound hae jon ki neutrl hae aur positive aur negative ion se banaa rahe hae. Ek khaas rakam ke nimak sodium chloride hae jiske khana me chhora jaawe hae.

## Itihaas
Itihaas bhar me nimak sankriti (civilization) ke khaatir jaruri rahaa. Jon abhi socha jaawe jae ki Europe ke pahila city rahaa, Solnitsata, Bulgaria me, ek nimak ke mine rahaa, jahaan se uu ilaaka jiske abhi Balkans ke naam se jaana jaawe hae, 5400BC se nimak dewat rahaa. Nimak ke sab se achchhaa jaana jaawe waala preservative hae, khaas kar ke gos ke khaatir, dher hajaar saal talak. Ek puraana nimak nikaale waala jagha ke Poiana Slatinei archaeological site, Lunca, Romania me paawa gais hae. Ii saabut hae ki Neolithic log, khaara paani ke boil kar ke nimak nikaalat rahin 6050 BC me.  Ketna nimak ke nikaala gais rahaa aur ii jgha ke abaadi me direct correlation hae. China ke Xiechi Talaab ke uppar se nimak ke nikaalna 6000 BC se hoe hae.

Jaanwar se aawe waala khaana, jaise gos, khuun aur duudh me dher jaada nimak hae, koi tarkaari ke mukable me. Jon log jaada gos khaawe hae, uu log aapan khaana ke saathe dher nimak nai khaawe hae, jab ki gehun aur tarkari khaawe waala log ke aapn khaana me nimak chhorre ke parre hae. Jaise civilization faela hae, waise nimak ke len den barrha hae. Nimak, puraana Yahudi, Greek, Roman, Byzantine aur Hittite log khatir bahmul rahaa. Middle East me nimak ke kaam me laae ke agreement ke seal karaa jaawat rahaa, aur puraana Hebrew "convenant of salt", Bhagwaan ke saathe karat rahin, jisme uulog Bhagwaan pe charrhae waala chij pe nimak chhitkat rahin.

## References
Rasaenik element

**Chemical element** uu chij hae jon ki khaali el rakam ke atom se banaa hae. Atom proton, neutron aur electron se banaa hae.  Ek atom me jetnaa proton hae ke atomic number bolaa jaae hae. Jaise ki koi atom jisme 6 proton hae, rasaenik element carbon hae aur sab atom jisme 92 proton hae, uranium ke atom hae. 

Ek element ke sab atom me ekke ginti ke neutron nai rahe ke jaruri hae. Ek element ke  atom ke jab ekke ginti ke neutron nai rahe hae tab iske isotope bolaa jaae hae.

Sab chij element se bane hae. Jab ek chij me ek rakam se jaada atom hae tab iske compound, nai to mixture bola jaae hae. Ek compound ke sab se chhota bhaag ke molecule bola jaae hae.

Rasanik vigyan (Chemistry) me 118 rasenik element ke jaan ajjae hae, jisme se 92 ke nature me paawa jaae hae, aur baaki ke laboratory me banaawa gais hae. Insaan ke dehin me 26 element hae.

Rasaenik element ke periodic table me dekhaawa jaae hae, jisse ek element ke property ke duusra se compare karaa jaae sake hae.

## Duusra panna
* Periodic table

## References
Arthropod

**Arthropods** (phylum **Arthropoda**) uu janwar ke bola jawe hae jisme  backbone nai rahe hae. Kuch athropod hae;  Kirwa, makrraa, kekrra, jhinga, gojar, aur centipedes.  

Jaada kar ke arthropod jamiin pe rahe hae, lekin kuchh paani me bhi rahe hae. Iske aur sab jaanwar ke hisaab se sab se jaada species hae. Arthropod duusra jaanwar ke khaatir khaana hae. Kuchh insaan bhi iske khaae hae. Jaada arthropod ke species, kirwaa hae. 

## Images

Image:Millipedes.jpg|Millipedes
Image:Loxoceles_reclusa.jpg|Spider, arachnid
Image:Blue crab on market in Piraeus - Callinectes sapidus Rathbun 20020819-317.jpg|Blue crab, crustacean
Image:Blue_morpho_butterfly.jpg|Butterfly, insect


## References
Makrraa

**Makrraa** (order Araneae) ek rakam ke aath gorr waala, aur saans le waala (air breathing) arthropod hae, jiske lage khaang (fang) rahe hae jisse ii jahar ke inject kare hae. Ii jaala (web) bhi banae hae. Arachnids me makrraa sab se jaada hae aur sab jiu me se 7th rank me hae.

Makrraa ke, Antartica ke chhorr ke, dunia ke sab continent me paawa jaae hae. November 2023 me taxonomist log 51,673 makrraa ke species, 136 family me record kare rahin. Lekin jiu vigyanik my bahae hoe hae ki makrraa ke palwaar ke kaise  classify karaa jaae, aur 1900 se lagbhag 20 different classification ke propose karaa gais hae.

Anatomically, makrraa (duusra arachnids ke rakam), aur arthopods se different hae kaaheki   usual dehin ke segments dui  tagmata me fused rahe hae, cephalothorax nai to prosoma, aur opisthosoma, nai to peet, ek chhotaa cylindrical pedicel se jurraa rahe hae. Lekin abhi koi  paleontological nai to embryological sabuut nai hae ki makrraa ke kabhi alag thorax-like division rahaa. Yahii rakam se  term "abdomen" ke virod me bhi argument hae, kaaheki makrraa ke  opisthosoma me dil aur fefrraa rahe hae.

Aur sab kirwaa se alag, makrraa ke lage antennae nai rahe hae. Sab se primitive group ke chhorr ke aur sab rakam makrraa me aur sab arthopods ke milaan me sab se centralized nervous system rahe hae, kaaheki uske sab ganglia ek mass me  fused rahe hae,  cephalothorax me. Duusra  arthropod ke rakam, makrraa ke koi  extensor muscles uske  limbs me nai rahe hae, aur iske jaghaa aapan gorr ke  hydraulic pressure se extend kare hae.

Makrraa ke peet me appendages rahe hae, jiske spinnerets me modify bhais hae jon   silk ke chhe rakam ke  glands me se nikaale hae. Makrraa ke jaala dher rakam ke rahe hae, aur dher different amount aur shape me sticky thread ke kaam me laawa jaawe hae.   Ii abhi samjhaa jaae hae ki spiral orb web sab se puraana hoi, aur makrraa jon tangled cobwebs banae hae  orb-weaver spider se aur jaada hae. Makrraa ke rakam arachnid jiske silk-producing spigot hae (Uraraneida)  Devonian period me evolve bhais rahaa, lagbhag  me, lekin ii jaanwar me  spinnerets nai rahaa. Aslii makrraa  ke Carboniferous rocks me  se paawa gais hae aur ii sab se puraana jindaa  suborder hae. Makrraa ke main group, Mygalomorphae aur Araneomorphae, sab se pahile Triassic period me,   se jaada saal pahile aae rahin.

## Chhaapa ke gallery

File:Scorpio palmatus.jpg|A scorpion (Sc. Maurus Palmatus)
File:Galeodes.jpg|Galeodes, ek *camel spider*
File:Whipscorpion.jpg|Ek *whip scorpion*
File:Ar 1.jpg|Ek Pseudoscorpion, chhaapa gais panna pe
File:Rilaena.triangularis.2.jpg|Ek harvestman (Rilaena triangularis)
File:Amblypigid.jpg|Ek whip spider (Damon diadema)
File:Adult deer tick(cropped).jpg|Ek tick (deer tick)
File:Convolvulus arvenvis with mites.jpg|fuul, velvet mites ke saathe


## References
Chordata

**Chordata** uu janwar ke bola jaae hae jisme notochord hae. Ii group me jaada machhri hae. 

## References

## Duusra websites

* Chordate node at Tree Of Life 
* Chordate node at NCBI Taxonomy
Amphibian

**Amphibians** uu chaar gorr waala jaanwar ke bola jaawe hae jon ki duuno paani aur jamiin pe rahe sake hae.
Machhri

**Machhri** ek rakam ke vertebrate hae jon ki paani me rahe hae. Iske body chuinta ke coveed raha hae aur iske lage dui fin rahe hae. Jaada kae ke machhri cold-blooded rahe hae.

## References
Periodic table

## Duusra websites
* Periodic Table of the Elements - displays basic properties
* WebElements Periodic table
* New Periodic Table of the Chemical Elements - triangular table
Mammal

**Mammals** ek rakam ke vertebrate janwar hae. Mammal bachchaa paida kae hae aur warm-blooded rahe hae. 

## Images

image:Ursus maritinus.jpg| Polar bear
image:Big-eared-townsend-fledermaus.jpg| Bat
image:Camel seitlich trabend.jpg |Camel
image:Manatee with calf.PD.jpg |Manatee


## References
Bandar

**Ape** uu rakam ke hominoid ke bola jaae hae jon ki insaan nai ha. Isme jaada kar ke bandar, ape aur gorilla hae. 

## References
Beer

**Beer** ek nasaa kare waala drink hae. Iske paani, hops, barley aur yeast se banawa jaae hae. 

## Duusra websites
* BeerAdvocate
Aluminium

**Aluminium** ek chemical element hae. Iske symbol **Al** hae, auratomic number 13 hae. 

## Chhapa ke gallery


Image:Aluminum Metal.jpg
Image:Lingot aluminium.jpg
Image:Aluminium.jpg|Aluminium foil

Image:Eros-piccadilly-circus.jpg
Image:Production alu primaire.png
Image:President Lula visit to Aluminum factory.jpg

Image:Hydroxid hlinitý.PNG|Hydroxid hlinitý - Al(OH)3
Image:50 Pfennig 1920.jpg|German coin of 1920, made of Al
Image:Aluminium coins.jpg|Coins from different countries


## Duusra panna
* Periodic table
* List of common elements

## Duusra websites
* Alu-Scout
Wine

**Wine** ek nasaa kare waala drink hae. WIne jaada kar ke anguur se bane hae lekin kabhi abhi plums aur balckberies se banaa dring ke bhi wine bola jaawe hae. 

Niche ke suchi me uu des hae jahan pe sab se jaada wine piwa jaae hae.:

Luxembourg, France, Italy, Portugal, Croatia, Switzerland, Spain, Argentina, Uruguay, and Slovenia.

Des jahan pe sab se jaada Wine banawa jaae hae: 

France, Italy, Spain, USA, Argentina, Germany, Australia, South Africa, Portugal, and Chile.
Deity

Kuchh log ii biswas kare hae ki **deities** tagatwat spirit hae jon ki nature ke control kare hae. 
Deities ke bhagwaan (**gods**) bhi bola jaae hae. 
Female bhagwaan ke **goddess** bola jaawe hae.
God

Kuchh dharam ii batawe hae ki ek supernatural being hae jiske **Bhagwaan** bolaa jaawe hae. 

## References
Roman Catholic Church

**Roman Catholic Church** sab se barraa Isaai church hae, jiske 1 billion se jaada member hae. Iske paalan kare waale biswas kare hae ki Jesus Christ ii Church ke 2000 saal pahile suruu karis rahaa. Iske headquarters, Vatican City hae.

Lagbhag aadha Catholic log Latin America me rahe hae aur duusra sab se jaada Catholic log ke jagha Europe hae. Catholic Church ke agua, Pope hae, jon Vatican City me rahe hae. catholic log ii batae hae ki jesus Christ Catholic Church ke suruu karis aur Saint Peter ke pahila Pope banais.

Jab Catholic log paray kare hae tab uu log "signn of the cross" kare hae, gudhna pe jaae ke, nai to jhuk ke. ek khaas ceremony ke mass bola jaae hae. Catholics ke har etwaar aur duusra khaas din mass jaae ke parre hae.

Aur sab Isaai ke rakam, Catholic log biswas kare hae ki Jesus Bhagwaan ke larrka hae, Uu log biswas kare hae ki uske insaan se etna prem rahaa ki Jesus uulog khaatir maris rahaa, jisse sab log swarg jaae sake hae. Catholic Church Trinity me biswas kare hae; "the Father, the son and the Holy Spirit"

## References
Kelvin

**Kelvin**, garmii ke naap ke unit hae. Ii saat base units me International System of Units (SI) se ek hae au iske symbol **K** hae.
Second

**Second** (SI symbol: **s**), jske kabhi abhi **sec.** se abbreviate karaa jaawe hae, International System of Units (SI) base unit ke time ke measuement hae. 

## Aur dekho

* Atomic clock
* Becquerel
* Hertz
* International Atomic Time
* International System of Units
* Leap second
* Magneto-optical trap
* Time standard

## References

## External links

* National Physical Laboratory: ''Trapped ion optical frequency standards'' 
* ''High-accuracy strontium ion optical clock''; National Physical Laboratory (2005)
* National Research Council of Canada: ''Optical frequency standard based on a single trapped ion'' 
* NIST: ''Definition of the second''; notice the cesium atom must be in its ground state at 0 K
* Official BIPM definition of the second
* Seconds and leap seconds by the USNO 
* The leap second: its history and possible future
* ''What is a Cesium atom clock?''
Watt

**Watt** ({pronounced:ˈwɒt , symbol: W) International System of Units (SI) me power ke khatir derived unit unit hae, jiske Scottish engineer **[[James Watt]]** (1736–1819) ke naam se rakkha gais hae. 

## Notes

## References

## Bahaari jorr

*Nelson, Robert A., "*[http://www.aticourses.com/international_system_units.htm The International System of Units] Its History and Use in Science and Industry*". Via Satellite, February 2000.
Volt

**Volt** (symbol: **V**) electromotive force, jiske jaada kar ke "voltage" bola jaawe hae, ke SI derived unit hae. 

## References

## Bahaari jorr
* Google Video Lecture about Electricity and Volt by Richard A. Muller
Algebra

**Algebra**, mathematics (math) ke ek hissa hae jisme equations aur inequalities ke solve karaa jaawe hae. Algebra me, uu chij jiske value abhi nai jaana gais hae ke dekhaae ke khaatir "variables" ke kaam me laawa jaae hae. Ek saral equation ke namuuna hae: x + 3 = 5. Bhautik vigyan (Physics), engineering aur computer programming me algebra ke sab time kaam me laawa jaae hae.
Arithmetic

**Arithmetic**, mathematics ke ek hissa hae jisme number se kaa me lawa jaae hae. Isme chaar basic arithmetic operations hae: addition, subtraction, multiplication, aur division.
Syntax

**Syntax** sentence ke banae ke kanuun ke study hae. 

## Duusra panna
* Phrase
* Grammar

### Syntax me kaam me laae waala sabd

* Adjective
* Adverb
* Article
* Clause
* Comparative
* Infinitive
* Noun
* Phrase
* Phrasal verb
* Plural
* Preposition
* Pronoun
* Superlative
* Verb
* Tense
* Word order

## Notes

## References
* 
* 
* 

## Duusra websites
* The syntax of natural language (Beatrice Santorini & Anthony Kroch, University of Pennsylvania)
* Learn Programming Language Syntax 
* Various syntactic constructs used in computer programming languages
Verb

**Verb** ek part of speech hae jon ki kuchh kare ke baare me batae hae. Har ek sentence me verb rahe hae. 
## References
Linguistics

**Bashavigyan** uu science hae jisme bhasha ke study karaa jaae hae. Jon log bhasa ke study kare hae ke bhashavigyan bola jaae hae.

Bhashavigyan log bhasa ke study kar ke tie bhasa ke sounds (phonetics), structure (morphology), matlab (lexicology), aur grammar ke study kare hae.
SI

**International System of Units** abhi ke metric system ke standard hae. **SI**, French bhasa me **''S**ystème **I**nternational d'unités'' ke chhota ruup hae.

Metric system, length ke khatir metre , wajan ke khatir aur time ke khatir second ke use kae hae.

## Naape ke base units
Newton

**Newton** (symbol: N), force ke SI unit hae. Iske Sir Isaac Newton ke baad naam dewa gais hae. 
:1\, \mathrm{N}=1\, \mathrm{kg} \cdot \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}
Metre

**Metre** (US spelling, *meter*) SI measurement system me lambai ke basic unit hae. Iske abbreviation **m** hae. 

## Units based on the meter

* **0.000000000000000000000001 Ym (yottametre) = 1 m*** 0.000000000000000000001 Zm (zettametre) = 1 m
* **0.000000000000000001 Em (exametres) = 1 m*** 0.000000000000001 Pm (petametres) = 1 m
* 0.000000000001 Tm (terametres) = 1 m
* 0.000000001 Gm (gigametres) = 1 m
* 0.000001 Mm (megametres) = 1 m
* **0.001 km ([[kilometer]]s) = 1 m**
* 0.01 hm (hectometres) = 1 m
* 0.1 dam(decameters) = 1 m
* **1 m (meter)**
* 10 dm (decimeters) = 1 m
* **100 cm ([[centimeter]]s) = 1 m**
* **1000 mm (millimeters) = 1 m**
* **1,000,000 μm ([[micron]] or [[micrometer]]s) = 1 m**
* **1,000,000,000 nm (nanometers) = 1 m**
* 1,000,000,000,000 pm (psychometric) = 1 m
* 1,000,000,000,000,000 fm (femtometres) = 1 m
* 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 am (attometres) = 1 m
* 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 zm (zeptometres) = 1 m
* 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 ym (yoctometres) = 1 m
**Note: units in *'bold** are the most commonly used.**''

## References
Confucianism

**Confucianism** ek philosophy hae jon ki Confucius (511 BC - 479 BC), jon ki ek Chinese philosopher rahaa, ke teachings pe aadharit hae.

Confucianism ii biswas kare hae ki log duusra log ke baare me soche, paisa aur imaarat ke baare me nai. Uu log  ii biswas kare hae ki janata ke maane ke khaatir tagrraa niyam (rules) hoe ke chaahi. Confucianism ii maane hae ki, log me paanch rista (relationshp) ke niyam hae, aur usme bhi aapan aapan niyam rahe hae. Dui jan hoe sake hae:
* Rajkumar aur janata
* Pitaji aur larrka
* Admii aur aurat
* Bujurg (elder) aur larrka
* dost

II sab traditional rista hae jiske "five prototypes" bola jaae hae. Confucianism me ii sab sambandh (relationship) me log ke niyam ke paalan kare ke parri. Jaise ki, janata ke rajkaumar ke sune ke parri, lekin rajkumar ke bhi janata ke sune ke chaahi, uske achchha se raj kare ke khatir. 

## References
Jainism

**Jainism**, India ke ek bahut purana dharam hae, jiske sikchhaa (teaching) me jinda chij ke khatir ahimsa sikhaawa jaae hae. Jain ke philosophy, India ke sab se puraana philosophy hae aur ii dehin aur aatma ke biich ke antar ke jor de (emphasise) hae. Jainism ii batae hae ki brahmaand (universe) amar  hae aur sab jinda chij ke lage aatma hae jiske lage "all-knowing" hoe ke kabliyat hae. Ek aatma, jon ki bhittar ke dusman, jaise ki laalach, abhimaan (pride) ke jiit liis hae ke "jina" (victor) bola jaae hae. Jainism ke  pavtr kitaab (holy book) Pravachansara hae.

## Jain dharam ke biswas
# Sab jinda chij ke lage aatma hae
# Sab aatma me potentially divya (devine) hae, jiske lage janmajaat (devine) gunn hae, anant gyaan (infinite knowledge), dhaarna (perception), shakti aur anand (bliss) ke khaatir.
# Brahmaand apne se chale hae aur sab ghatna ke apne se karaawa jaae hae. Sab aatma ke siddha (self consciousness) mile ke kabliyat hae, uske aapan mahinat se.
# Koi ek param (supreme) divya nirmaata (creator), maalik (owner), aur banae (creator) aur nast (destroyer) kare waala nai hae.

## References
Phoneme

**Phoneme**, sound (speech) ke ek unit  hae jon ki dui sabd ke ek duusre se alag kare hae. Jaada English accent me khaali 24 consonantal phonemes aur 20 vowel phonemes haee, lekin khaali 26 letters.

## References
Syllable

**Syllable**, pronunciation ke ek unit hae jiske bina ruke bola jaawe hae, ek awaj ke rakam.  Sab sabd me kamti se kamti ek syllable rahe hae.

## References
Weak interaction

**Weak interaction**, jiske **weak force** nai to **weak [[nuclear]] force** bhi bola jaawe hae, universe ke chaar fundamental forces me se ek hae . Sab fundamental forces ke rakam, iske  particle jiske boson bola jaawe hae, cary kare hae. Ii kamjor nuclear force ke kaaran beta decay aur radioactivity hoe hae. 

### References
Strong interaction

**Strong interaction**, jon ki chaar basic force me se ek hae, uu force hae jon ki atom ke nucleus me particles ke biich me rahe hae. Ii Bhautik vigyan ke chaar khaas force me se ek hae. Tiin aur hae: electromagnetism, weak interaction aur gravitation
Pahaarr

**Pahaarr**, Dunia ke surface me ek rise hae jisme ek chti rahe hae. 

## References


Image:Satellitenaufnahme der Alpen.jpg|A satellite view of the Alps, a mountain range in Europe.
Image:Westpeak.jpg|The Olympic Mountains, Washington state, USA.
Piyar Naddi

**Yellow Naddi** nai to Huáng Hé (kabhi kabhi Chaina bhasa me iske khaali Naddi bola jaawe hae), China ke duusra sab se lamba naddi hae (Yangtze River ke baad me) aur ii dunia ke 6th sab se lamba naddi hae. Ii naddi 5464&nbsp;km lamba hae aur ii Bohai Sea me jaae ke khalaas hoe hae. 

## Duusra websites
* Yellow River Home Page at UMassD 
* Yellow River delta Information at LSU
* buy spotify plays
* Listen to the ''Yellow River Ballade'' from the ''Yellow River Cantata''
* "A Troubled River Mirrors China’s Path to Modernity" ''New York Times'' November 19, 2006
Number theory

**Number theory**, mathematics ke ek hissa hae.

Number theory ke khaas hissa hae: 
* Prime numbers 
* Factorization 

Number theory ke khaas theorem hae: 
* Fundamental theorem of arithmetic 
* Fermat's last theorem 
* Fermat's little theorem
Machine

Sab din ke jindagi me **machine** uu chij hae jiske log banan hae kaam ke aur sahaj kare ke khatir. 

## Duusra websites

* APlusProject.com - Machine Design website with a forum
* MachineDesign.com
Robot

**Robot** ek machine nai to computer program hae jon ki aise janae hae ki uske apne ke jindagi hae. 

## Duusra websites

* IEEE Robotics and Automation Society (RAS) and its wiki .
* International Foundation of Robotics Research (IFRR)

* 
* http://robots.net – Daily news about robots, robotics, and AI
* A brief history of robotics 
* A giant list of known robots 
* NASA and robots 
* NASA Robotics Division
* International Federation of Robotics
* Should we be worried by the rise of robots? 
* Podcast 'Talking Robots' - interviews with high-profile professionals in Robotics and Artificial Intelligence 
* French collection of toy robot
* Introduction to Robotics
* HUAR 
* Robot World News 
* Robot news, robot tutorials, robot videos and robot chatbox
* Robot news, theory of robotics
* List of robots 
* EB

## References
Architecture

**Architecture** ek sabd hae jiske matlab hae koi structure jaise ki ghar, office nai to mandir etc ke design karo. 

Architectur matalab ek Aarthpurna rachna....kuchh matalab se banai gayi hae.

## References


## Duusra websites
* American Institute of Architects 
* Australian Institute of Architects
* Royal Institute of British Architects 
* Royal Architectural Institute of Canada
* New Zealand Institute of Architects
Numerical analysis

**Numerical analysis**, algorithms ke parrhai hae, jisme numerical approximation (symbolic manipulations ke jagha) ke kaam me laae ke mathematical analysis  ke problem ke solve kara jaawe hae. 
## Notes


## References

*
*
*
* Trefethen, Lloyd N. (2006). "Numerical analysis", 20 pages. In: Timothy Gowers and June Barrow-Green (editors), *Princeton Companion of Mathematics*, Princeton University Press.

## External links

*Numerische Mathematik, volumes 1-66, Springer, 1959-1994 (searchable; pages are images).  
*Numerische Mathematik at SpringerLink , volumes 1-112, Springer, 1959–2009
*SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis, volumes 1-47, SIAM, 1964–2009

**Software and Code**
*Lists of free software for scientific computing and numerical analysis   
*Numerical methods for Fortran programmers
*Java Number Cruncher features free, downloadable code samples that graphically illustrate common numerical algorithms
*Excel Implementations 
*Several Numerical Mathematical Utilities (in Javascript)

**Online Texts**
*''Numerical Recipes'', William H. Press (free, downloadable previous editions)
*''First Steps in Numerical Analysis'', R.J.Hosking, S.Joe, D.C.Joyce, and J.C.Turner
*''Numerical Analysis for Engineering'', D. W. Harder
*''CSEP'' (Computational Science Education Project), U.S. Department of Energy

**Online Course Material**
*Numerical Methods, Stuart Dalziel University of Cambridge
*Lectures on Numerical Analysis, Dennis Deturck and Herbert S. Wilf University of Pennsylvania
*Numerical methods , John D. Fenton University of Karlsruhe
*Numerical Methods for Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Autar Kaw University of South Florida
*Numerical Analysis Project, John H. Mathews California State University, Fullerton
*Numerical Methods - Online Course , Aaron Naiman Jerusalem College of Technology
*Numerical Methods for Physicists, Anthony O’Hare Oxford University
*Lectures in Numerical Analysis, R. Radok Mahidol University
*Introduction to Numerical Analysis for Engineering, Henrik Schmidt Massachusetts Institute of Technology
System of linear equations

Mathematics me, ek **system of linear equations** (nai to **linear system**) ek linear equation equation ke collection hae, jisme same set of variables rahe hae. Jaise ki,
:\begin{alignat}{7}
3x &&\; + \;&& 2y             &&\; - \;&& z  &&\; = \;&& 1 & \\
2x &&\; - \;&& 2y             &&\; + \;&& 4z &&\; = \;&& -2 & \\
-x &&\; + \;&& \tfrac{1}{2} y &&\; - \;&& z  &&\; = \;&& 0 &
\end{alignat}

## Notes

## References

### Textbooks
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 
* 

## Bahaari jorr
* Online Equations Solver 
* Online linear solver
* Lec 1| 18.06 Linear Algebra, Spring 2005, (W. Gilbert Strang), School: MIT
Dam

**Dam** ek barraa diwaal hae jisse paani ke bahe se roka jaawe hae, aur isse ek reservoir nai to lake bane hae. 


Image:Arch dam Oymapinar (Manavgat River, Turkey).JPG|A dam in Turkey
Image:Drei-Schluchten-Damm (Jangtse).jpg|The Three Gorges Dam in China
Image:AswanHighDam Egypt.jpg|The Aswan High dam of Lake Nasser in Egypt
Dome

**Dome** ek architecture ke feature hae jiske dekhe me aise lage hae ki building ke upar ek ball ke adha hissa hae.


Image:Petersdom von Engelsburg gesehen.jpg|St. Peter's basilica in Vatican City, with a dome, seen from outside.
Image:Wnetrze kopuly watykan.jpg|The same dome, seen from inside
Pyramid

**Pyramid** ek rakam ke shape hae. Iske side triangular rahe hae aur ii chotii pe ek point pe aawe hae. 

Pahila pyramid ke 2630 BC me Egypt me banaawa gais rahaa. Egypt me raja aur raani log ke pyramid me dafnaawa jaawat rahaa. II jagha ke pyramid patthar ke banaa rahaa aur abhi talak kharraa hae.

## References
Sakis

**Sakis** ek rakam ke  communication hae jisme moving chhapa aur awaj ke kaam me laae ke khissa batawa jaawe hae nai to log ke  dewa jaae hae. 

## Duusra websites

* The Internet Movie Database
* Movie trailers – Watch movie trailers from Apple.com (You need QuickTime software on your computer).
* Rotten Tomatoes – Movie reviews.
* Yahoo! Movies
* Classic Movies (1920 - 1982)
Television

**Television** (jiske **TV**, **telly** nai to **tube** bhi bola jaae hae) ek machine hae jisme ek screen rahe hae. Televisions broadcast signals ke le ke iske chhapa aur awaj me badle hae. "Television" sabd *tele* (Greek jiske matlab *far away* hae) aur *vision* (*seeing*) se aae hae. Yahii kaaran hae ki Hindi me television ke Duurdarshan bola jaae hae.
Literacy

**Literacy** ke maane hae ki koi jan parrhe aur likhe sake hae ki nai. Kuchh gyaani log ii sujhao de hae ki "literacy" ke parrhai ke dui time me baataa jaae sake hae: ii hai 1950 se pahile ke jamaana, jab literacy ke khaali sabd (word) aur akchhar (letter) samajhnaa, maana jaawat rahaa; aur 1950 ke baad ke jamaana, jab literacy me aur chij jorra gias hae jaise parrhe aur likhe ke sankriti aur samaj. aur "functional literacy".

 

## Definition

1990 se literacy ke dher definition jiske sarkari aur gaer-sarkari sanstha de hae, ii suggest kare hae ki literacy ke jaada "social practice"  aur kamtii "discrete skill" samjha jaae hae. Kuch definition me likhe aur parrhe ke importance dewa jaae hae aur kuchh aur boader view le hae:
* 2003 ke National Assessment of Adult Literacy (USA) me number jorre aur manipulate kare ke chhamtta ke literacy me milaawa gais rahaa. Isme tiin rakam ke barraa jan ke literacy hae: newspaper parrhe ke, bus ke timetable parrhe ke, advertisement ke parrhe ke ability.
* 2015 me United Nations Statistics Division larrkan ke literacy ke ii rakam define karis, "Des ke abaadi ke 15 se 24 saal ke log jon parrhe aur likhe sake hae chhota-chhota statement har log ke jindagi ke baare me."
* 2016 me "European Literacy Policy Network", literacy ke ii rakam se define karis hae: "Print aur electronic media ke parrhe aur likhe ke ability.
* 2018 me UNESCO me literacy ke definition me chaapa aur likha gais chij ke bhi include karaa gaiss rahaa.
* 2019 me OECD likha gais text ke definition me include karis.

## Dunia ke des ke literacy

### Asia

#### Afghanistan
 
UNESCO ke ausaar Afghanistan uu des hae jisme dunia bahr ke des me sab se kamtii literacy hae. 2020 me hian pe 10 million lig parrhe likhe nai sakat rahin. Lekin 2016 se des me kuchh tarakki bhais hae. Jab ke 2016-2017 me literacy rate 34.8% rahaa, UNESCO ii batais hae ki iske baad ii barr ke 43% hoe gais hae aur 15 se 24 saal ke larkan me ii narr ke 65% hoe gais hae.

Jab ki larrka aur admii log ke literacy rate 55% hae, tab larrki aur aurat ke literacy rate khaali 29.8% hae. 2012 se UNESCO hian pe literacy sudhare ke khaatir madat kare hae.

Literacy ke sudhare ke khaatir UsS military Afghan Army me join kare waala log ke baduuk shalae ke sikhe se pahile parrhe aur likhe sikhaat rahin, aur iske kaaran 65% recruits literate hae. 

#### China

## References
Literature

**Literature**, art ke kaam ke group hae jiske sabd se likha jaawe hae. 
## References

## Duusra websites
* Wikisource
Animation

**Animation** ek tarika hae jisse sakis banawa jaae sake hae. 

## Duusra websites

* Keyframe - The Animation Resource
* A Live work of Animation 
* Don Markenstein's Toonopedia
* Animation World Network
* Animated and full graphics game
* Cartoon Research (site has a complete list of American release dates for animated features)
* IAF - Istanbul Animation Festival 
* Internet Movie Database's page for animation (and also its lists of best and worst titles)
* PowerPoint Heaven - The Power to Animate Contains tutorials on creating animations for PowerPoint Presentations.
Radio

**Radio** ek tarika hae jisse electromagnetic signal ke duur dur bheja jaae sake hae. Uu machune jisse ii signal bheja jaae hae ke **transmitter** bola jaaae hae aur jon machine se signal ke pick karaa jaae hae ke  **receiver** bola jaae hae. 

## Duusra websites
Fiji ke Arya Samaji log ke suchi

Ii suchi me uu Arya Samaji log ke naam hae jon ki Arya Samaj ke khaas yogdaan diin rahaa nai to Fiji me famous hae (nai to rahin).
* Behari Lal - Khaali kuchh din talak Fiji me rahaa, lekin ii pahila jan rahaa, jon ki Fiji me Satyarth Prakash laais rahaa.
* Shiu Datt Sharma - India se 1902  se aais aur Samabula, Suva me ek mandir banais, jisske ek school ke rakam bhi kaam me lawa gais rahaa. 
* Mangal Singh - 1904 me Fiji me Arya Samaj suruu kare waala member me se ek rahaa. 
* Gaji Pratap Singh - 1904 me Fiji me Arya Samaj suruu kare waala member me se ek rahaa. 
* Nanku Sonar - 1904 me Fiji me Arya Samaj suruu kare waala member me se ek rahaa. 
* Basdeo Rai - 1904 me Fiji me Arya Samaj suruu kare waala member me se ek rahaa. 
* Inayat Hussein - 1904 me Fiji me Arya Samaj suruu kare waala member me se ek rahaa. 
* Indra Narayan  - 1904 me Fiji me Arya Samaj suruu kare waala member me se ek rahaa. 
* Tikaram Verma - 1904 me Fiji me Arya Samaj suruu kare waala member me se ek rahaa. 
* Manilal Doctor - Bahut din talak Mauritius me Arya Samaj ke yogdaan de ke baad Fiji, 1912 me aais.
* Swami Ram Manoharanand Saraswati - 1913 me Burma se Fiji aais rahaa. 
* Badri Maharaj - Fiji ke Legislative Council ke pahila Hindustani member rahaa. (1917 se 1923 aur 1926 se 1929)
*
National Football League (Fiji) 2011

Fiji me football (soccer) ke 35th National Football League (NSL), jiske Fiji Sun aur Weet-Bix sponsor karis rahaa, me 10 team hae. Sab team duusra nau team se ek dafe khelis rahaa. Jiite waala team ke tiin point, draw khatir 1 point aur haar khatir 0 point, team ke mila. Pichhle saal ke promotion/relegation matches ke baad Savusavu, Nasinu ke jagha Super Premier League me khelii.

## Results - Super Premier League
### Super Premier ke points
}  Issa Sanni  
|goals2 =   Akuila Bulewa   
|stadium = Churchill Park, Lautoka
|attendance = 
|referee = 
}}

### Round 5

### Round 6

### Round 7

### Round 8

### Round 9

### Round 10

### Round 11

### Round 12

### Round 13

### Round 14

### Round 15

### Round 16

### Round 17

### Round 18

### Round 19

### Round 20

### Round 21

### Round 22

### Round 23

### Round 24

### Round 25

### Round 26

## Premier League
### Round 1

### Round 2

### Round 3

### Round 4

### Round 5

## Aur dekho
* Fiji me football

## References

* The Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation
Novel

**Novels** prose fiction rahe hae. Ii chhota kahani se lamba rahe hae. Novels in English are usually 50,000 words or more, and have 100 pages or more.

## Novels ke genres

* Campus
* Crime fiction
* Fantasy
* Gothic
* Horror
* Romance
* Spy
* Thriller
* Science fiction
* Speculative
* Westerns
The Book of One Thousand and One Nights

***The Book of One Thousand and One Nights*** , Arabia aur Persia se kahani hae. Isme tiin layer hae:

* Queen Scheherazade jon aapan admii ke batais, jiske uske maut ke ghta nai utara jaae.
* Aslii kahani, jaise kiAli Baba and the Forty Thieves, Aladdin and the Magic Lamp, etc.
* II kahani me ek narrator bhi rahe hae jon ki khissa ke batae hae.

## References
* ''The Thousand Nights and a Night'' in several classic translations, jisme Sir Francis Burton ke bina sansodan ke version, aur John Payne ke anuwaad, aur chij jorr ke.
* *Stories From One Thousand and One Nights*, (Lane aur Poole ke anuwaad): Project Bartleby edition
* *The Arabian Nights* (jisme hae Lang aur (bina sansodan ke) Burton ke anuwaad): Electronic Literature Foundation editions
* The Medieval Arabic Nights - ek study
* Jonathan Scott translation of Arabian Nights
* Notes on the influences and context of the ''Thousand and One Nights''
* 1001 Resources and Links for A Thousand and One Nights University of Houston
* The Book of the Thousand and One Nights by John Crocker
* (expurgated) Sir Burton's ~1885 translation, annotated for English study.
* Arabian Nights' Tales  Khaas site jisme 1001 nights ke khissa order me listed hae.
Poetry

**Poetry** ek rakam ke kalaa aur ek likhe ke style hae. Dher Hindu dharmic literature poetry me lika hae, jaise ki Ramayan, Mahabharat.
Epic of Gilgamesh

***Epic of Gilgamesh*** ek epic poem prachin Mesopotamia se aais hae. 

## Bibliography
### Editions
* 
* 
* 
*  Glossary, Appendices, Appendix (Chapter XII=Tablet XII). A line-by-line translation (Chapters I-XI).
* 
* 
* 
* Sandars, N. K. (2006). *The Epic of Gilgamesh (Penguin Epics)*. ISBN 0-14-102628-6 - re-print of the Penguin Classic translation (in prose) by N. K. Sandars 1960 (ISBN 0-14-044100-X) without the introduction.
* 
* 

### Other
* Damrosch, David (2007) *The Buried Book: The Loss and Rediscovery of the Great Epic of Gilgamesh*. Henry Holt and Co, ISBN 0-8050-8029-5
* Jacobsen, Thorkild (1976) *The Treasures of Darkness, A History of Mesopotamian Religion*, New Haven: Yale University Press, ISBN 0-300-01844-4
* West, Martin (1997) *The East Face of Helicon: West Asiatic Elements in Greek Poetry and Myth*, New York: Clarendon Press, ISBN 0-19-815042-3

## Other websites
* Translations for several legends of Gilgamesh in the Sumerian language can be found in Black, J.A., Cunningham, G., Fluckiger-Hawker, E, Robson, E., and Zólyomi, G., *The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature* (http://www-etcsl.orient.ox.ac.uk/), Oxford 1998-.
* Babylonian (Akkadian) texts: ETCSL
** Gilgamesh and Huwawa, version A - (the adventure of the cedar forest)
** Gilgamesh and Huwawa, version B
** Gilgamesh and the Bull of Heaven
** Gilgamesh and Aga
** Gilgamesh, Enkidu and the nether world
** The death of Gilgamesh
* The Project Gutenberg eBook, An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic, by Anonymous, Edited by Morris Jastrow, Translated by Albert T. Clay
* Epic of Gilgamesh, summary by M. McGoodwin
* Gilgamesh  by Richard Hooker (wsu.edu)
* The Epic of Gilgamesh: A Spiritual Biography (theosophy-nw.org)

;Tablets
* Tablet XI (The Flood Chapter)

;Flood
* Comparison of equivalent lines in six ancient versions of the flood story  (noahs-ark-flood.com)
* Comparison of The Epic of Gilgamesh to the Genesis flood (religioustolerance.org)
* Comparison of the Flood in Genesis to the Epic of Gilgamesh and related literature (Christian-thinktank.com)
Iliad

***Iliad***  Greek literature ke sab se purana jinda art work hae. Bahut din talak oral epic poem rahe ke baad, iske 8th century BC me likha gais rahaa. 
## Other websites

* ''Iliad'' , online version of the work by Homer (English). Pope translation.
* *Iliad* in Ancient Greek: from the Perseus Project (PP), with the Murray and Butler translations and hyperlinks to mythological and grammatical commentary; via the Chicago Homer , with the Lattimore translation and markup indicating formulaic repetitions

## Note
1987 ke election (Fiji)

**1987 ke election** , ajaad Fiji ke House of Representatives ke khatir 5th election rahaa. Ii election 4 April se lae ke 11 April talak bhais rahaa. Ii 52 member waala house me se 22 seat Hindustani logan khatir reserved rahaa. Ii election ke khaas dui political party Alliance Party aur NFP - Labour Coalition rahaa.

Ii election me NFP - Labour Coalition ke 28 aur Alliance Party ke 24 seat mila. Election ke baad Coalition ke leader Timoci Bavadra, Prime Minister banaa. Lekin ek mahina baad Sitiveni Rabuka. coup kar ke, ii sarkar ke hatae dis.
Prose

**Prose**, likha gais (nai to kahaa gais) bhasa ke sadharan fom hae. Isme poetry , aur koi special format, jaise ki lists nai to tables nai rahe hae. LIke ke time iske bina rhythm ke likha jaawe hae, aur har din ke baat chit ke rakam rahe hae. 

Prose sabd, Latin *prosa* se aais hae, jisme iske matlab straightforward hae.

## References
Fiction

**Fiction** koi rakam ke likha gais chij hae jon ki pura sach nai hae. Iske likhe waala banae ke likhis hae. Iske opposite   non-fiction hae, jiske matlab hae likhe waala chij jon ki asli chij ke baare me hae.  Library me book ke fiction aur non-fiction me separate karaa jaawe hae. 

*Fiction* sabd Latin sabd *fictum* se aawe hae, jiske matlab "banawa gais" hae. 
## References
Chakorr

***Senna obtusifolia*** (**Chinese Senna** nai to **Sicklepod**)  ek rakam ke bean hae.  Ii  North, Central, aur South America, Asia, Africa, aur Oceania ke jangle me hoe hae, au iske dher jagha pe weed maana jaawe hae. Its leaves, seeds, and root are used in folk medicine, primarily in Asia. It is believed to possess a laxative effect, as well as to be beneficial for the eyes. As a folk remedy, the seeds are often roasted, then boiled in water to produce a tea. The plant's seeds are a commercial source of cassia gum, a food additive usually used as a thickener and named for the Chinese Senna's former placement in the genus *[[Cassia (genus)|Cassia]]*. Roasted and ground, the seeds have also been used as a substitute for coffee. In traditional Korean medicine, they are called *gyeolmyeongja* (결명자) and usually prepared as tea. They are also used in Kampō (traditional Japanese medicine) where they are called *ketsumei-shi* (ケツメイシ, 決明子) or by their Chinese name *jué míng zǐ* (traditional: 決明子, simplified: 决明子). 

## Bahaari jorr
* Our Monsoon Plants
Bariara

***Sida cordifolia*** (**bala**, **country mallow**, **heart-leaf sida** nai to **flannel weed**) ek, dher saal talak jinda rahe waala, perr hae jon ki India se aais hae. Iske dunia bhar me pawa jaawe hae aur Africa, Australia, southern United States, Hawaiian Islands, New Guinea, aur French Polynesia me weed maana jaawe hae. The specific name, *cordifolia*, refers to the heart-shaped leaf.

## References


## Bahaari jorr
* Ancient herbs
* Herbal GArdens in India
Kohima

**Kohima**, India ke eastern state, Nagaland ke capital hae. Iske population 100,000 hae. World War II ke time hian pe  gambhir larrai bhais rahaa.
Bhubaneswar

**Bhubaneswar**, India ke eastern state, Odisha, ke capital city hae. Iske "temple city" bola jaae, kaaheki ii city me 700 mandir hae. Ii city ke 1948 me banaawa gais rahaa aur 1949 me ii capital banaa. Iske population 1.7 million hae.
Jaipur

**Jaipur** (Hindi:जयपुर) (Urdu:جے پور), jiske *Pink City* bhi bola jaawe hae, India ke state, Rajasthan, ke sab se barraa, aur capital city hae. 

## Bahaari jorr
* Jaipur District Administration site 
* Department of Urban Development and Housing, Government of Rajasthan
* Official Website of Jaipur Development Authority 
* Official Website of Jaipur Municipal Corporation 
* Get to know everything about Jaipur
* Pink.City.Mag : A digital magazine about Pink City Jaipur.
Lucknow

**Lucknow** (, , *IAST: Lakhnaū*), India ke state,  Uttar Pradesh ke capital city hae. Lucknow, Lucknow District aur Lucknow Division ke administrative capital hae. 

## Chhapa ke gallery


Image:Lucknow_1857_NW.jpg|Map of Lucknow in 1857 (NW section)
Image:Lucknow_1857_NE.jpg|Map of Lucknow in 1857 (NE section)
Image:Lucknow_1857_SW.jpg|Map of Lucknow in 1857 (SW section)
Image:Lucknow_1857_SE.jpg|Map of Lucknow in 1857 (SE section)
Image:Lucknow_1901.jpg|Map of Lucknow in 1901
Image:Lucknow_1909.jpg|Map of Lucknow in 1909
Image:United Provinces 1903.gif|United Provinces of Agra and Oudh in 1903


## References
Pronunciation

**Pronunciation**, ke matlab bhasa ke ek sabd ke kon rakam se bola jaae hae.==References==

## Bahaari jorr
* Forvo — All the words in the world pronounced by native speakers. See also Forvo.
* Inogolo — American English audio pronunciation guide
* Sounds Familiar?  &mdash; Listen to examples of regional accents and dialects from across the UK on the British Library's 'Sounds Familiar' website
* Howjsay &mdash; Enter a word to hear it spoken.  About 100,000 words in British English with alternative pronunciations.
Sabd

Ek **sabd** koi chij hae jiske muh se bola jaae hae. Ii kuchh akchhar ke collection se likha jaae hae. Dher sabd se sentence bane hae. Sabd ke likha bhi jaae hae. Koi koi sabd keek se jaada matlab rahe hae.