Manilal Doctor

**Manilal Maganlal Doctor** (28 July 1881 - 8 January 1956), Fiji me wakiili kare waala pahila Hindustani rahaa. Manilal ke janam Baroda, India me bhaes rahaa aur uu aapan wakiili ke parrhae London me karis. Fiji aae se pahile uu Mauritius me kaam karat rahaa, jahan pe uu huan ke Hindustani logan ke hak khatir lris rahaa aur ek newspaper, *The [[Hindustan]]i*, ke sampadak bhi rahaa. Totaram Sanadhya ke kosis aur Mahatma Gandhi ke barrhawa ke baad, uu 1912 me Fiji aais. Uu bahut din talak Fiji me Hindustani ke adhikar khatir larris, ek newspaper, *Indian Settler*, ke chapis aur Indian Imperial Association ke suruu karis. 1916 me jab sarkar, Manilal ke jagha Badri Maharaj ke Legslative Council me nominate karis, tab Hindustani log bahut dukhi bhaen aur Manilal aur sarkar ke biich me khaai aur barrha. Sarkar, Manilal ke Hindustani log ke leader nai maanis aur 1920 ke strike ke organise kare ke aarop me uske Fiji se deport kar diis. Is ke baad uu Aden, Somalia aur Bihar me bhi wakiili karis lekin aapan akhri din Bombay me bitais.
## Jawani ke din
Manilal ke janam 28 July 1881 me Baroda, India me bhaes rahaa. Uske surname, Doctor, uske pitaji ke pesha se banaa rahaa. Uske pitaji, Maganlal, State Mental Hospital ke agua rahaa. Manilal ke asli naam Manilal Maganlal Shah rahaa. 1903 me Manilal LLB ke parrhae khatam karis aur 1904 me uske Bombay University se MA mila. 1905 me uu London gais, aur wakiil ke parrai kare ke khatir. London me uu Home Rule Society ke member banis aur *Indian Sociologist* me bahut article likhis. India House me uske aur duusra Indian freedom fighters milin. 1906 me uu Gandhi se milis, jon use Mauritius jae ke khatir uske encourage karis.

## Manilal Mauritius me
Manilal Mauritius me 11 October 1907 ke pahuch ke barrister ke kaam suruu karis. Aaj bhi Mauritius me 11 October ke Manilal Day ke naam se celebrate karaa jawe hae. Barrister ke kaam suruu kare ke thore din baad Manilal Supreme Court ke judge se takkar liis jab uu court me aapan pagrri nahi utaris (Manilal ek Pharsee ke rakam topee phinat rahaa) aur judge ke bataais ki Bombay aur Madras ke high court me pagrri pahine ke anumati hae. Ii mamla Governor ke pass gais, jon batais ki ab se pagrii pahine ke anumati hae. Mauritius ke court me Hindustani log ke bahut karrai se dekha jawat rahaa. Uu logon ke jaada se jaada sajaa milat rahaa jab ki goraa logan ke sab se kamti sajaa milat rahaa aur jaada kar ke khali fine milat rahaa. Manilal ke aae ke baad, huan ke Hindustani log pahila time ek wakiil mila jiske uu log biswas kare sakat rahaa.

15 March 1908 me Manilal ek Newspaper suruu karis jiske naam *The Hindustani* rahaa aur jiske motto rahaa: "Liberty of Individuals! Fraternity of Men!! Equality of races!!!."  Ii newspaper pahile English aur Gujarati me chapaa, lekin baad me Gujarati ke jagha Hindi me chape lagaa jisse ki jaada se jaada Hindustani log iske parrhe sake. Ii newspaper ke iske editorial aur court case ke report khatir bahut dafe jurmana bhare ke parra. Manilal duusra des ke newspaper me bhi likhat rahaa huan ke logan ke Maurtius ke prastithi ke baare me jaane ke khatir.

1911 ke suruu me Manilal Ganghi se baat chit ke kahatir South Africa gais aur huan par 11 October 1911 ke uske saadi Jayakumari Devi (Jekiben), jon ke Gandhi ke ek friend ke larrki rahii, ke saathe bhaes. Gandhi mangat rahaa ki Manilal South Africa laut aawe lekin Manilal Congress ke 26th Annual Conference me part lis aur girmit ke virod me ek prastao ke second karis.

## Manilal Fiji me
1911 me ek tuufan ke kaaran Fiji ke Hindustani logan ke bahut dukh parraa aur British Indian Association of Fiji ke suruu karaa gais. Ii association Hindustani logan ke kathnai ke salah karin aur ii nischae pe aain ke Fiji me ek Hindustani barrister ke jarurat hae. Totaram Sanadhya, Gandhi ke lage ek chitthi likhis ki uu ek barrister ke Fiji bheje. Gandhi ii chithi *Indian Opinion* me chapwais jiske parr ke Manilal Gandhi se salah kare ke baad Fiji jae ke raaji hoe gais. Fiji ke Hindustani logan, Sanadhya ke aguwai me Manilal ke bharraa aur wakiil waala book ke khatir paisa batorin.

27 August 1912 ke Manilal Suva pahucha. Duur duur se Hindustani log aae ke uske swagat karin. Newspaper me bhi iske report rahaa. Manilal ke ek swagat chitthi dewa gais aur usse niwedan karaa gais ki Fiji ke Hindustani ke khatir uu kuch kare. Tiin din baad ek samaroh me Kaiviti log bhi Manilal ke swagat karin, uske ek high chief ke larrki mala pahinais aur Kaiviti log speech diin jiske Sam Mustafa English me anuwaad karis

Manilal aapan wakiili Fiji me suruu karis, kamti fees me Hindustani logan ke court me represent karis aur uu log ke khatir chitthi aur government ke lage petition likhis. Government sochat rahaa ki Manilal Gandhi ke agent hae lekin fir bhi uske Hindustani logan ke baare me uske consult karat rahaa. Suruu me Manilal dhiiraj se Hindustani log ke madat karis. Ek case rahaa Viraswamy ke baare me. Viraswamy ke Fiji lawa gais raha ii samagh ke ki uu post office yah government office me kaam kari. Uske pahile telephone operator ke kaam dewa gae lekin jab uu protest karis ki uske waada wala kaam nahi mila tab uske ganna ke khet me girmitya log ke saathe kaam karwaya gae. Manilal ii case ke Anti-Slavery Society of London ke paas lae gae aur Viraswamy aapan freedom khrid lis

1915 me Hindustani logan sarkar ke maang karin ke Manilal ke Fiji ke Legislative Council me nominate karaa jar. Sarkar jawab dis ke Hindustani logan ke parwah kare waala abhi koi hae lekin agar jo koi achchha admi mil gae aur India ke sarkar support kare tab uske baare me kuch kara jae sake. India ke sarkar ke baat sun ke Fiji ke sarkar Badri Maharaj ke Legislative Council me nominate karis. Fiji ke Hindustani logan isse bahut nakhush bhaen aur Fiji Times bhi likhis ki Manilal achchha choice rahtaa. Sarkar Hindustani logan ke baat nai sunis ii bol ke ki Manilal ke nai nominate karaa jae sakat rahaa kahe ki uu Baroda ke citizen hae aur British subject nai hae.

Manilal Fiji ke baare me India ke newspaper me hardam likhat rahaa aur 1917 me Fiji me Hindustani logan khatir pahila newspaper, *Indian Settler* jon ki English me rahaa, ke editor rahaa. 2 June 1918 me uu, Suva me, Indian Imperial Association (I.I.A.)ke suruu karis jon ki British Indian Association ke jagha banaawa gae. Association ke aim rahaa Hindustani log ke sahaeta kaeke aur uu log ke living conditions ke improve kare ke. Manilal bahut chitthi Gandi, India ke leader aur British Labout Party ke lage, Fiji ke Hindustani ke disa ke baare me likhis. Is ke kaaran C.F. Andrews aur W.W. Pearson ke Fiji bheja gae aur uu log 29 February 1916 ke aapan report me girmitya log ke pratithi aur education aur health ke baare sachha baat likhin.

Manilal khula dimaag waala admi rahaa lekin jaada kar ke socialist view hold karat rahaa. Uu bahut dharmik nahi rahaa lekin sochat rahaa ki Fiji khatir Arya Samaj sab se achchha hotaa khae ki Fiji me cast system khalaas hoe gae hae aur Arya Samaj education ke promote kare hae. Jab kuch goraa logan ii suggest karin ki Fiji New zealand ke ek part hoe jae tab Manilal bolis ki Fiji ke chaahi India ke ek part hoe jae.

Manilal aur government me aur conflict bhae jab ki uu ek Kaiviti jamin lease kre ke kosis karis. Uske ke application refuse kar dewa gae lekin uu kaiviti jamin maalik se agreement baae ke usme ek ghar office khatir ghar lagaa. Uske band kare ke batawa gae lekin jab uu nahi rokis tab uske 10 pound fine parraa. Manilal iske baare me kussa rahaa aur 24 September 1919 ke Indian Imperial Association ek prastao pass kar ke governemtn ke batis ki uu goraa log ke illegally jamin de hae lekin Hindustani log ke leagally jamin le se roke hae. Ek telegram Andrews ke lage bhi bheja gae jon iske India ke newspapaer me chapwais. 26 December 1919 ke Association Suva Town Hall me ek conference organise karis jisme India khatir ajaadi maanga jae aur Punja massacre ke condemn karaa gae.

## 1920 ke harrtal
15 January 1920 ke Suva ke Public Works Department ke majduur logan harrtal kar diin kahe ki uu logan ke kaam kare ke time 45 ghanta se barray ke 48 ghantaa kar dewa gais rahaa. Manilal majduur logan ke batais ki uu log ke koi kaam se nahi nikaale sake hae aur uu uulog ke  karis jon ki harrtaal me bhag nahi le waale ke maare mangat rahin. Uu Suva aur Nausori me meeting karis jiske baare me Inspector General of Constabulary uske dhanyawaad diis meeting santi se kare khatir.

Lekin jab Suva me ek meeting, jon ke Manilal ke aurat, organise karis rahaa ke police jabarjasti band karis, Manilal aur government ke biich samband kharab hoe gae. 11 February tal sab goraa admi logan ke banduuk de dewa gae rahaa. Suva aur Nausori ke biich ke telephone wire ke kaat dewa gae rahaa aur Rewa bridgr par Hindustani aur goraa special constable logan ke biich me confrantation bhae. 12 Februsry New Zealand se 60 soldier logan ek machine gun ke saathe Fiji aain aur England se ek Warship bhi aais. 13 February ke din army Samabual pul pe Hindustani logan ke Suva jae se rokis. Police baton charge karis aur jab Hindustani logan lathi aur paththar se ressit karin tab goli chalawa gae. Tiin Hindustani ke chot lagaa jisme se ek mar gais.

## Manilal ke Fiji se deport
Harrtaal suruu hoe ke time Manilal Suva me nahi rahaa aur government ke uske uppar strike karwae ke koi evidence nahi rahaa lekin Peace and Good Order Ordinance of 1875 ke niche Manilal, uske aurat Harpal Maharaj aur Fazil Khan ke Fiji me rahe ke manai kar dewa gae. Manilal ke Nukulau bheja gae  aur huan se New Zealand deport kar dewa gae. Manilal ek chitthi Secretary of State for the Colonies ke lage bhejis jisme uu sign karis  ‘from Imperial University, Coolie Examination Hall, Nukulau”.
Bahut petition ke bawajuut Manilal ke ke 15 April 1920 ke Fiji se deport kar dewa gae.

Colonial Government Manilal ke tang karte rahaa uske Fiji se deport kare ke baad. Uske New Zealand me practice kare se roka gae aur uske chitthi ke censor karaa jawat rahaa. Uske Australia, Ceylon Bombay aur Madras me bhi practice kare se roka gae British government uske naam barristers ke list se kaat diis. Aakhir me uske Patna High Court allow karis practice kare in theLower Courts of Bihar and Orissa kahe ki uske LLB Indian University se rahaa. Bahut bhatake ke baad  uu 1922 me Gaya, Bihar me aapan practice suruu karis.

## Aakhri din
Manilal *The Socialist*, ek Bombay ke magazine me sa b time likhat rahaa. Uu Socialist activiity me involved rahaa aur comumunist logan se bhi mila.  UU 1923 ke Gaya Congress attend karis lekin kush din baad Labour and Kisan Party of India launch karis. Iske model India ke communist party log apaain. UU jaada time lagais aapan style left-wing logan ke defend karte. Uu Idia ke leader logan ke apne me larrai pasand nahi lagaa aur uu Penang (Malaysia)jae ke kosis karis lekin huan par bhi uske roka gae. Aakhri me Aden ke Chief Justice (jiske saathe uu London me parris rahaa) uske Aden me prractice kre khatir balais. 1935 se lae ke 1940 talak uu Aden aur Somaliland me kaam karis. 1953 me uu Indian laut gais aur Bombay me rahaa jab 8 January 1956 ke uske maut hoe gais.

## Bibliography
* Prasad, Dharmendra (1992),  *Public life of Manilal Doctor*, Bombay, India: Rite-Print-Pak.