A. D. Patel

**Ambalal Dahyabhae Patel** (13 March 1905 - 1 October 1969), (jiske Fiji me **A. D. Patel** ,nai to khaali **AD**, ke naam se jaana jaawat rahaa), Fiji ke ek Hindustani wakiil aur politician rahaa. Patel, Fiji ke Legislative Council me 1944 se 1950 aur 1963 se 1969 talak ek sadasya rahaa aur uu Fiji ke sab se purana political party, National Federation Party, ke suruu karis rahaa. Patel, 1948 - 1950 aur 1964 - 1966 talak Executive Council ke member rahaa. Uu 1964 se 1966 talak Member for Social Services rahaa aur ii time uu dekhaes ki uu aage dekhe waala admii rahaa jab ki uu Fiji ke dehaati jagha me library khole ke suruu karis, Fiji National Providend Fund ke suruu karis, jaati pe adhaarit unions ke ek kare ke kosis karis aur Fiji khatir ek University ke maang karis. Uu 1929 se 1969 talak aapan common roll ke maang pe atal rahaa. Uu Fiji ke ek barraa kisan ke union, Maha Sangh ke bhi suruu karis rahaa aur 1969 me kisan log khatir achchhaa cane contract (Denning Award) dewais rahaa.

## Jawaani ke din
A.D. Patel ke janam 13 March 1905 me Kheda district, Gujarat, India me bhais rahaa. Uske lage tiin bhaeya aur ek bahini rahaa. Patel ke primary aur secondary ke sikchha Nadiad me bhais rahaa. Uu book parrhe pasand karat rahaa aur secondary school me achchha se parrhis rahaa. Uske baad uu Gujarat College, Ahmedabad me economics, politics aur history parrhis aur 1925 me Bachelor of Arts pass karis.

Uske baad uu Indian Civil Service (ICS) exam ke khatir parrhe ke khatir London School of Economics me bharti bhais. London me uske Indian freedom fighters se mulakaat bhais. Uu aapan dimaag badal ke Middle Temple me wakiili parrhe lagaa aur 1928 me graduate bahis.

## Pahila saadi
A.D. Patel ke pitaji uske India laut ke wakiili kare mangat rahaa aur aapan chhota bhaeya aur bahini logan ke parrhae me madat kare sakat rahaa lekin aakhri me uu aapan larrka ke Fiji jaae ke bhaarra bharis. Patel, 11 October 1928 ke Fiji pahuncha. Ek aur kaaran kahe ki uu India laute nai mangat rahaa, ki uske aur ek English divorcee, Patricia Catherall Seymour, ke biich me kuch chalat rahaa.  Ii baat India ke Patel palwaar ke achchha nai lagta, ii kaaran se bhi ki Patel ke chhota me ek larrki se saadi kar dewa gais rahaa. Patricia Seymour, 1933 me, aapan larrki ke lae ke  Suva pahuchis aur  uu logan ke saadi 25 January 1934 ke bhae. Ii saadi achchha nai chalaa kahe ki Patricia ke local goraa logan bagal kar diin rahaa aur uu local Hindustani log ke bhasa nai jaane ke kaaran baat nai kare sakat rahii. 1939 me duuno jane separate hoe gain aur 1944 me divorce ke baat, Patricia, New Zealand rahe khatir chal diis.

## Pahila election
Fiji me Hindustani log ke 1929 me pahila dafe Legislative Council khatir vote kare ke adhikar mila lekin Patel ii election me nai kharraa hoe sakis kahe ki uu Fiji me dui saal se kamti din talak rahaa. 1932 ke election uu Vishnu Deo ke saathe boycott karis. 1937 ke election me uu North Western Indian Division mr kharraa bhais. Uske virod me, ek wakiil ke clerk, Chattur Singh kharraa bhais. Election me Singh ke 671 vote mila aur Patel ke 651. Patel ke haar se bahut log achambhao me parr gain kahe ki uske Fiji ke Hindustani leader, khaas kar ke Vishnu Deo, ke support rahaa. Uske haar ke kaaran rahaa ki Singh Ba me acchhaa se jaana jaat rahaa, uu Indian Association ke Ba branch ke President rahaa, aur uske bhaeya, Parmanand Singh uu tiin Hindustani me se ek rahaa, jon ke 1929 me Legislative Council me chuna gais rahaa. Patel Fiji ke Muslim log ke gussae diis rahaa kahe ki uu Muslim log khatir alag member ke maang kee virod karis rahaa aur uu ek Gujarati rahaa aur Hindustani kisan log ke Gujarati log paisa karjaa de ke khatir jaada biaaj maangat rahin. Patel ke haar ke sab se khaas kaaran rahaa ki Singh ii election ke Fiji-born (Singh) aur India–born (Patel) ke biich waala election banae diis aur Patel aapan naam aur kharaab kar diis jab ki uu ii bolis kii Singh ganna ke khet me paida bhais rahaa. 

## Sangam ke wakiil aur manager
1930 me jab Sangam pahila school banais rahaa, tab A. D. Patel ke uske manager banawa gais rahaa. Patel, Sangam ke suruu kare waala, Sadhu Kuppuswami, ke saathe kaam karis aur Swami Avinashananda, jiske Ramakrishna Mission Fiji bhejis rahaa, ke saathe bhi kaam karis. 31 October 1937 ke Sangam ke ek limited liability company banae dewa gais aur, A.D. Patel ke uske General manager. A.D. Patel sarkar ke fuslae ke Sangam ke uu kanuun se chhutkara dewais jisse jamin ke kharide pe rukawat rahaa aur Sangam ke ek hajaar bigha jamin ke kharide ke ijajat mila. Patel, Board of Education me Sangam khatir ek member mangis aur sarkar ke India se teacher log ke laae ke Fiji me South Indian languages, parrhae khatir madat kare ke mangis. Aakir me sarkar dui South Indian teacher log ke India se Fiji aae ke Sangam ke school me parrhae kharir madat karis. 1939 me jab Swami Rudrananda Fiji aais tab Patel ke involvement Sangam me aur jaada hoe gais.

## Maha Sangh

1938 me Kisan Sangh ke neta bane ke invitation ke nai kare ke baad bhi June 1941 me, A. D. Patel, Swami Rudrananda ke saathe ek nawaa kisan ke union, Maha Sangh ke suruu karis. 1943 me ganna ke daam ke jaada kare ke maang ke khatir Maha Sangh harrtaal kar diis. Jab jaada kisan log ganna nai kaatin tab sarkar Defence Regulation ke niche A.D. Patel aur Swami Rudrananda ke aapan ghar se paanch mile duur se jaada jaae pe rok lagae diis aur duuno ke Police ke lage report kare ke bhi batawa gais.

Duuno Patel aur Rudrananda, sarkar ke baat nai sune ke faesla karin, aur iske kaaran uu logan ke court lae jawa gais.  Isse kisan logan aur gussae gain aur dher log Nadi me ekkhattha bhaen aur Fiji ke Western Division bhar me dukaan ke band kar dewa gais. Duuno ke £50 fine karaa gais aur agar jo ii nai bharaa gais tab ek mahina ke jail hoe jaata. Duuno jane fine bhare se imkaar kar diin  lekin koi aur chuppe se uu logan ke khatir fine bhar diis. Baad me Patel appeal kar ke ii case jiit liis. Barraa larrai me ii harrtaal aur Hindustani log ke army me bharti hoe se roke ke kaaran ( jab talak uu logan ke Goraa ke baraabri ke talab nai mile) ke kaaran Hindustani aur Kaiviti logan ke biich me fuut hoe gais.

## Election me jiit aur haar
1943 ke harrtaal ke kaaran, Patel ke support jaada barr gais aur uu 1944 ke Legislative Council ke election me, sitting member, B. D. Lakshman, ke  1841 votes to 554 se harae ke, bahut sahaj se jiit liis. 1947 ke election me bhi uu ii seat se jiitis, jab ki uu Chattur Singh ke 1972 votes to 1106 se harais.

1948 me, Legislative Council ke paanch me se tiin member ke support se, uske Executive Council me chuna gais. Ii election me uu Vishnu Deo ke harais. 1950 ke Legislative Council ke election me Patel ke Tulsi Ram Sharma, jiske Kisan Sangh support karat rahaa, 2718 votes to 1919 se harais. Ii haar ke ek aur kaaran rahaa ki, Executive Council ke membership khatir competition ke kaaran Patel aur Vishnu Deo ab political enemy ban gain rahaa. 1953 ke election me uske Ayodhya Prasad harais. Is ke baad uu das saal talak politics se bahaar rahaa aur aapan puura dhyan aapan wkiili aur Sangam ke kaam me lagais

## 1960 me ganna ke kisan ke harrtaal
1950 ke ganna ke contract contract 1960 me khalaas hoe ke rahaa, jab ki January 1959 me Colonial Sugar Refining Company (CSR) ek nawaa contract banae ke kisan logan ke sign kare ke bhejis, jisme kisan logan ke pahile 20 saaal me jon kuchh mila rahaa uske band kare ke kosis karat rahaa. Kisan logan ii faesla karin ki uu logan ke ek saathe hoe ke kaam kare ke chaahi aur ii khatir, May 1959 me Federation of Cane Growers banawa gais jiske khaas agwa A. D. Patel rahaa. Sarkar, Company aur Federation ke biich me kuch meeting bhais lekin Company pichchhe nai hatis kahe ki uske lage godaam me dher chini rahaa. Sarkar ii sujhao diis ki ek Commission of Inquiry ke baithawa jaae lekin Patel batais ki kisan logan ek Court of Arbitration maange hae.

24 July 1960 me, Kisan Sangh ke Ayodhya Prasad aur Labasa Kisan Sangh ke Vijay R. Singh, Federation se nikal ke 1960 ke ganna khatir ek contract pe sign kar diin. 

Patel ke virodhi, B. D. Lakshman aur Vijay R. Singh, Patel ke uppar Hindustani logan ke vibhajit kare ke aarop lagain jisse ki Hindustani logan aur karjaa me hoe jaawe. Kuchh kaiviti logan, jisme  Ratu Mara  bhi rahaa,Patel ke deport kare ke maang karin. Sarkar ek commission of inquiry, jiske  Sir Malcolm Trustram Eve agwaa rahaa, Fiji ke chini industry ke uppar investigate kare khatir baithaes. Federation Committee, jisme  A. D. Patel aur S. M. Koya rahaa ii maangat rahin ki sarkar ek kanuun banae jisse ki CSR  ke aapan Company ke hisab kitaab Fiji me rakkhe ke batawa jaawe jisse ki CSR kisan logan ke cheat nai kare sake, khaas kar ke molaasis se pawa gais paisa ke baare me. Uu logan ii bhi maangat rahin ki kisan logan cooperative mill banae ke CSr ke taagat ke tuurre aur ek independent Sugar Board banawa jaawe jisse ki Fiji ke sugar industry achchhaa se chale. Uu logan Sugar Price Stabilisation Fund ke khatam kare bhi maangat rahin.

Commission ke finding, A. D. Patel ke maang ke virod me rahaa. Cooperative mill ke idea ke reject kar dewa gais kaahe ki commission ii biswas karat rahaa ki jan kisan logan aapan kheti ke achchhaa se dekhe nai paawat rahin tab uu logan ek mill ke kaise chalaine.  Commission, CSR ke idea ki Fiji me ek subsidiary company banawa jaawe aur South Pacific Sugar Mills Limited ke banawa gais. Sugar price Stabilisation Fund khatir aur paisa kaate ke band kar dewa gais lekin Fund chalte rahaa.  Sugar Board ke jagha pe commission  Sugar Advisory Council banae ke sujhao rakkhis. Commission ii baat maanis ki CSR, molasses se faeda uthaes lekin kisan logan ke gaanna khatir aur paisa ke maang ke nahii kar diis. Commission, Company ke maang ke ki production ke weightke uppar karaa jaae aur area ke uppar nai se agree karis. Ganna ke daam pe kisan logan ke aur kharaab daam milaa aur uu logan ke khaali  57.75% basic share milaa, jon ki 1950-1959 ke contract (62.6%) se aur kharaab rahaa. Eve, Patel ke criticize karis aur ii batais ki patel ke policies des aur kisan logan khatir kharaab rahii.