Marcel Proust

**Valentin Louis Georges Eugène Marcel Proust** (French pronounced: maʁsɛl pʁust) (10 July 1871 – 18 November 1922) ek French novelist, essayist aur critic rahaa, aur uske sab se jaada  *À la recherche du temps perdu* (in English, *In Search of Lost Time*, jiske 1913 aur 1927 ke biich me likha gais rahaa, ke khatir jana jaawe hae.

## Jeewan Kahaani
Proust ke janam 10 July 1871 me uske  great-uncle ke ghare,  Paris ke Borough  Auteuil (the south-western sector of the then-rustic 16th arrondissement) me bhais rahaa,  Treaty of Frankfurt , jon Franco-Prussian War ke khalaas karis rahaa, ke dui mahina baad. Uske janam ke saathe French Third Republic suruu bhais rahaa, jon time dher maar-kaat  bhais rahaa, Paris Commune ke supress kare ke khaatir, sur uske bachpan aur consolidation of the Republic ekke time ke hae. *[[In Search of Lost Time]]* ke dher hissa dher badlao, khaas kar ke  decline of the aristocracy aur middle classes ke rise ke baare me rahaa, jon  France me *[[fin de siècle]] ke time bhais rahaa.*

Proust ke pitaji, Adrien Proust, ek jaana-maana French pathologist aur epidemiologist rahaa, jon Europe aur Asia me  cholera ke adhyan karis rahaa. Uu medicine aur hygiene ke baare me dher book likhis rahaa. Proust ke maiyaa, Jeanne Clémence (nee Weil), ek dhani  German–Jewish palwaar, jon Alsace me rahat rahin, se rahii.  Uske maiyaa literate aur well-read rahii, aur uske ek  well-developed sense of humour rahaa, aur uske English bhasa ke achchhaa gyaan rahaa, jisse uu aapan larrka ke   John Ruskin ke translation me madat karis rahaa. Proust ke uske pitaji ke   Catholic faith me paala gais rahaa. Uske 5 August 1871 me t Church of Saint-Louis-d'Antin  me baptise karaa gais rahaa aur baad me uu Catholic confirmed bhais rahaa, lekin uu aapan dharam ke  kabhi paractice nai karis rahaa. Baad me uu atheist ban gais rahaa aur  mystic bhi rahaa.

Nau saal ke umar talak,  Proust ke pahila serious asthma attack bhais rahaa, aur ii kaaran se uske ek bemariyaa larrka maana jaaawat rahaa. Proust lambaa-lambaa chhutti   Illiers gaon me rahat rahaa. Ii gaon, aur iske saathe uske aapan   great-uncle's house inke ghar Auteuil me, uske fictional town of Combray ke model rahaa, jahaan pe  *[[In Search of Lost Time]]* ke dher ghtna based rahaa. (Illiers ke 1971 me  Illiers-Combray ke naam dewa gais Proust centenary celebrations ke khaatir.)

1882 me, gyrah saal ke umar me, Proust Lycée Condorcet ke chelaa banaa rahaa; lekin uske parrhai ke uske bemaari ke kaaran, buraa asar parraa rahaa.  Iske bawajuut, uu  literature me achchhaa karis rahaa, jisme uske final year me award milaa rahaa. Uske classmates ke protsaan se, uu salons of the upper bourgeoisie ke access kare sakaa rahaa, jisse uske dher  material for *In Search of Lost Time* ke khaatir milaa rahaa.

Uske kharaab tabiyat ke bawajuuut, Proust French army me ek saal (1889–90) talak serve karis rahaa, jisme uu  Coligny Barracks Orléans me based rahaa, jon experience se uu ek lambaa episode *[[The Guermantes' Way]]* me karis rahaa, jon uske novel ke part three rahaa. Barraa hoe ke, Proust ek dilettante aur ek social climber banaa, lekin uske whose aspirations ek lekhak ke ruup me, ke uske lack of self-discipline baadha rahaa. 

## References
* Adorno, Theodor.  "Prisms."  The MIT Press: Cambridge, MA.  1967.
* Aciman, André (2004) *The Proust Project*. New York Farrar, Straus and Giroux
* Albaret, Céleste (Barbara Bray, trans.) 2003 *Monsieur Proust*. New York: The New York Review of Books
* Bernard, Anne-Marie (2002) *The World of Proust, as seen by Paul Nadar*. Cambridge: MIT Press
* Carter, William C. (2000) *Marcel Proust: A Life*. New Haven: Yale University Press
* Davenport-Hines, Richard (2006) *A Night at the Majestic*. London: Faber and Faber ISBN 978-0-571-22009-0
* De Botton, Alain (1998) *How Proust Can Change Your Life*. New York: Vintage Books
* Deleuze, Gilles (2004) *Proust and Signs: The Complete Text*. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press
* Painter, George D (1959) *Marcel Proust A Biography* Vols. 1 & 2. London: Chatto & Windus 
* Shattuck, Roger (1963) *Proust's Binoculars: A Study of Memory, Time, and Recognition in À la recherche du temps perdu*. New York: Random House
* Shattuck, Roger (2000) *Proust's Way: A Field Guide To In Search of Lost Time*, New York: W. W. Norton
* Tadié, Jean-Yves: *MARCEL PROUST: A Life*. Viking, New York, 2000
* White, Edmund (1998) *Marcel Proust*. New York: Viking Books

## Duusra websites

* Le temps de Proust - a blog about (re)reading Proust and the associated secondary literature
* Reading Proust- A reader enjoys the new Penguin/Viking translations of *In Search of Lost Time*.
* Reinterpretation of Remembrance Of Things Past 
* Why Proust? And Why Now?  - an essay on the lasting relevance of Proust and his work
* A short Proust bibliography  (bilingual) 
* TempsPerdu.com - many useful links, including to online texts of *Lost Time* in French and English
* The Kolb-Proust Archive for Research
* Marcel Proust, a personal site in Italian
* Essay by Stephan Reimertz on Proust in Germany (in French) 
* Marcel Proust's Album, Marcel Proust receives a tribute in this album of "recomposed photographs".
* Marcel Proust et l'aviation , Proust and airplanes.

### Online texts
* University of Adelaide Library French text of volumes 1-4 and the complete novel in English translation
* Works of Marcel Proust