विभिन्न प्रकार के संधारित्र

right|300px|thumb|विभिन्न प्रकार के नियत मान वाले संधारित्र
संधारित्रों का वर्गीकरण प्राय: उनके निर्माण में प्रयुक्त डाइएलेक्ट्रिक पदार्थ के आधार पर किया जाता है। डाइएलेक्ट्रिक भी दो प्रकार के होते हैं - बल्क कुचालक (Bulk insulators) एवं धातु-आक्साइड के फिल्म (इन्हें 'विद्युत-अपघट्य संधारित्र' भी कहते हैं)। इसी प्रकार, संधारित्र नियत मान वाले (fixed) हो सकते हैं या परिवर्ती मान वाले (variable).
right|300px|thumb|ट्यूब-रिसिवरों में ट्यूनिंग के लिये प्रयुक्त परिवर्ती-मान वाला संघनित्र

## संधारित्र में प्रयुक्त विभिन्न डाइएलेक्ट्रिक
* **[[वायु]]** (Air-gap)
* **[[मृत्तिकाशिल्प|सिरामिक]]** (Ceramic)
* **गिमिक** (Gimmick): these capacitors are made by twisting together 2 pieces of insulated wire. Values usually range from 3 pF to 15 pF. Usually used in homemade VHF circuits for oscillation feedback.
* **ट्रिमर** (Trimmer): these capacitors have a rotating plate (which can be rotated to change the capacitance) separated from a fixed plate by a dielectric medium. Typically values range from 5 pF to 60 pF.
* **[[कांच]]** (Glass): used to form extremely stable, reliable capacitors.
* **[[काग़ज़|कागज]]** (Paper): common in antique radio equipment, paper dielectric and aluminum foil layers rolled into a cylinder and sealed with wax. Low values up to a few μF, working voltage up to several hundred volts, oil-impregnated bathtub types to 5 kV used for motor starting and high-voltage power supplies, and up to 25 kV for large oil-impregnated energy discharge types.
* **[[पॉलीकार्बोनेट]]**: good for filters, low temperature coefficient, good aging, expensive.
* **[[पॉलीस्टर]]**, (PET film): (from about 1 nF to 10 μF) signal capacitors, integrators.
* **[[पॉलीस्टरीन]]** (Polystyrene): (usually in the picofarad range) stable signal capacitors.
* **[[पॉलीप्रोपीलीन]]** (Polypropylene): low-loss, high voltage, resistant to breakdown, signal capacitors.
* **[[टेफ्लान|पीटीएफई]]** or टेफ्लॉन: higher performing and more expensive than other plastic dielectrics.
* **सिल्वर माइका**: These are fast and stable for HF and low VHF RF circuits, but expensive.
* **[[विद्युत अपघट्य संधारित्र]]**: have a larger capacitance per unit volume than other types, making them valuable in relatively high-current and low-frequency electrical circuits, e.g. in power-supply filters or as coupling capacitors in audio amplifiers. High-capacity electrolytics, also known as supercapacitors or ultracapacitors, have applications similar to those of rechargeable batteries, e.g. in electrically powered vehicles.
* **[[प्रिन्टेड सर्किट बोर्ड]]**: metal conductive areas in different layers of a multi-layer printed circuit board can act as a highly stable capacitor. It is common industry practice to fill unused areas of one PCB layer with the ground conductor and another layer with the power conductor, forming a large distributed capacitor between the layers, or to make power traces broader than signal traces.
* In **[[integrated circuits]]**, small capacitors can be formed through appropriate patterns of metallization on an isolating substrate.
* **[[निर्वात]]**: vacuum variable capacitors are generally expensive, housed in a glass or ceramic body, typically rated for 5-30 kV. Typically used in high power RF transmitters because the dielectric has virtually no loss and is self-healing. May be fixed or adjustable.
Fixed capacitors overview.svg|नियत मान वाले संधारित्रों का वर्गीकरण

## अचर मान के संधारित्रों की तुलना (Fixed capacitor comparisons)

thumb|A 12&nbsp;pF, 20&nbsp;kV fixed vacuum capacitor

thumb| Two 8&nbsp;μF, 525&nbsp;V paper electrolytic capacitors in a 1930s radio.
* Images of different types of capacitors

## संधारित्रों की धारिता तथा वोल्टेज-रेंज
550px|center|thumb|संधारित्रों की धारिता तथा वोल्टता-परास

## संधारित्रों का वर्ण-कूटन (कलर-कोडिंग)

Capacitors may be marked with 3 or more coloured bands or dots. 3-colour coding encodes most significant digit, second most significant digit, and multiplier. Additional bands have meanings which may vary from one type to another. Low-tolerance capacitors may begin with the first 3 (rather than 2) digits of the value. It is usually, but not always, possible to work out what scheme is used by the particular colours used. Cylindrical capacitors marked with bands may look like resistors.

*Or ±0.5 pF, whichever is greater.

## संदर्भ

## बाहरी कड़ियाँ
* Spark Museum (von Kleist and Musschenbroek)
* Biography of von Kleist
* Modeling Dielectric Absorption in Capacitors
* A different view of all this capacitor stuff

श्रेणी:संधारित्र