सेवा (अर्थशास्त्र)

अर्थशास्त्र में, **सेवा** (Services) एक ऐसा लेनदेन है जिसमें विक्रेता से खरीदार को कोई भौतिक सामान स्थानांतरित नहीं किया जाता। इस तरह की सेवा का लाभ *विनिमय करने के लिए खरीदार की इच्छा* द्वारा प्रदर्शित होता है। सार्वजनिक सेवाएं वे हैं जिनके लिए पूरा समाज (राष्ट्र राज्य, वित्तीय संघ या क्षेत्र) भुगतान करता हैं। संसाधनों, कौशल, सरलता और अनुभव का उपयोग करते हुए, सेवा उपभोक्ताओं को सेवा प्रदाता लाभ प्रदान करते हैं। सेवा अमूर्त प्रकृत का है।

## दो I
I के संदर्भ में सेवाओं का वर्णन किया जा सकता है।

### Intangibility अर्थात् अमूर्तता

### Perishability अर्थात् भंगुरता

### Inconsistency (variability) अर्थात् असंगति (परिवर्तनशीलता)

## सेवा की गुणवत्ता (Service quality)

## विशिष्टता (Specification)

## वितरण (Delivery)

## सेवा-वस्तु माल सातत्य (Service-commodity goods continuum)

## सेवा के प्रकार (Service types)
नीचे सेवा उद्योगों की एक सूची दी गई है, जिसे विभिन्न क्षेत्रों में वर्गीकृत किया गया है। अभिभावकीय संकेतन इंगित करते हैं कि कैसे विशिष्ट व्यवसायों और संगठनों को उस हद तक सेवा उद्योगों के रूप में माना जा सकता है जिस हद तक वे एक अमूर्त सेवा प्रदान करते हैं, न कि एक मूर्त वस्तु।

* Business functions (that apply to all organizations in general)
** Consulting
** Customer service
** Human resources administrators (providing services like ensuring that employees are paid accurately)
* Cleaning, patronage, repair and maintenance services
** Gardeners
** Janitors (who provide cleaning services)
** Mechanics
* निर्माण
** Carpentry
** Electricians (offering the service of making wiring work properly)
** Plumbing
* Death care
** Coroners (who provide the service of identifying cadavers and determining time and cause of death)
** Funeral homes (who prepare corpses for public display, cremation or burial)
* Dispute resolution and prevention services
** Arbitration
** Courts of law (who perform the service of dispute resolution backed by the power of the state)
** Diplomacy
** Incarceration (provides the service of keeping criminals out of society)
** Law enforcement (provides the service of identifying and apprehending criminals)
** Lawyers (who perform the services of advocacy and decisionmaking in many dispute resolution and prevention processes)
** Mediation
** Military (performs the service of protecting states in disputes with other states)
** Negotiation (not really a service unless someone is negotiating on behalf of another)
* Education (institutions offering the services of teaching and access to information)
** Library
** Museum
** School
* मनोरंजन (when provided live or within a highly specialized facility)
** Gambling
** Movie theatres (providing the service of showing a movie on a big screen)
** Performing arts productions
** यौन सेवाएं
** Sport
** Television
* Fabric care
** Dry cleaning
** Laundry
* वित्तीय सेवाएँ
** Accountancy
** Banks and building societies (offering lending services and safekeeping of money and valuables)
** Real estate
** Stock brokerages
** Tax services
** Valuation 
* Foodservice industry
* स्वास्थ्य सेवा (all health care professions provide services)
* Hospitality industry
* Information services
** Data processing
** Database services
** Interpreting
** Translation
* Personal grooming
** Body hair removal
** Dental hygienist
** Hairdressing
** Manicurist / pedicurist
* Public utility
** Electric power
** Natural gas
** दूरसंचारs
** Waste management
** Water industry
* Risk management
** Insurance
** Security
* Social services
** Social work
** Childcare
** Elderly care
* Logistics
** Transport
** Warehousing
** Stock management
** Packaging

## तृतीयक उत्पाद के आधार पर देशों की सूची

नीचे बाजार की उच्चतम विनिमय दरों पर सेवा उत्पाद के आधार पर देशों की एक सूची दी गई है।

## इन्हें भी देखें
* As a service
* Deliverable
* Good (economics)
* Intangible good
* List of economics topics
* Product (economics)
* Services marketing

## सन्दर्भ

* Athens University of Economics and Business: *[http://www.aueb.gr/users/esaopa/courses/part2.pdfAn Introduction to Services Marketing]*
*
* Valerie Zeithaml, A. Parasumaran, Leonhard Berry (1990): *[[SERVQUAL]]* https://web.archive.org/web/20191106094859/https://www.12manage.com/methods_zeithaml_servqual.html
* Sharon Dobson: *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120218084807/http://busfac32.cob.calpoly.edu/presentations/Sharon_Dobson/Ch08.ppt Product and Services Strategy]*
* John Swearingen: Operations Management - Characteristics of services
* James A. Fitzsimmons, Mona J. Fitzsimmons: *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090325045451/http://www.belkcollege.uncc.edu/mjkhouja/02%20Nature.ppt Service Management - Operations, Strategy, Information Technology]* 
* Russell Wolak, Stavros Kalafatis, Patricia Harris: *[https://web.archive.org/web/20190412041318/http://members.byronsharp.com/empgens/emp1.pdf An Investigation Into Four Characteristics of Services]* 
* Sheelagh Matear, Brendan Gray, Tony Garrett, Ken Deans: *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110928200643/http://smib.vuw.ac.nz:8081/www/ANZMAC2000/CDsite/papers/m/Matear1.PDF Moderating Effects of Service Characteristics on the Sources of Competitive Advantage - Positional Advantage Relationship]* 
*
*
* Alan Pilkington, Kah Hin Chai, "Research Themes, Concepts and Relationships: A study of International Journal of Service Industry Management (1990 to 2005)," International Journal of Service Industry Management, (2008) Vol. 19, No. 1, pp.&nbsp;83–110.
*

## बाहरी कड़ियाँ
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श्रेणी:Goods (economics)