Galileo Galilei

He kanaka naʻauao ʻepekema Ikālia ʻo **Galileo Galilei** (15 Pepeluali 1564 – 8 Ianuali 1642). He mea nui kona kuleana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka telescope astronomical a me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻike nui o ka universe. ʻO ia kekahi o nā mea koʻikoʻi loa i ka Scientific Revolution a ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo ka "makua o ka physics experimental modern." Hoʻololi ʻo ia i ko kākou ʻike no ka honua a me kona wahi i loko o ka universe.

## Ke ola mua
Hānau ʻia ʻo Galileo ma Pisa, ʻIkālia, i ka makua kāne ʻo Vincenzo Galilei, he mea pila a mea hoʻokani pū kaulana, a me ka makuahine ʻo Giulia Ammannati. Aʻo ʻia ʻo ia ma ka Kulanui o Pisa ma ka makahiki 1581, kahi āna i hoʻomaka ai e aʻo i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Akā, hoʻololi ʻo ia i kāna kumuhana aʻo i ka mathematics ma muli o kona makemake nui i nā helu.

### Ke aʻo ʻana
Ma ke kula, aʻo ʻo ia i nā manaʻo o Aristotle a me nā mea naʻauao kahiko ʻē aʻe. Akā, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e kūʻē i kekahi o ko lākou mau manaʻo ma o ka nānā pono ʻana a me ka hōʻike experimental. Ma ka makahiki 1589, ua lilo ʻo ia i professor ma ka Kulanui o Pisa. Ma ka makahiki 1592, neʻe ʻo ia i ka Kulanui o Padua, kahi āna i aʻo ai no 18 mau makahiki.

## Nā ʻike nui
### Ka telescope
Ma ka makahiki 1609, lohe ʻo Galileo e pili ana i kekahi mea nānā i hana ʻia ma Hōlani. Hoʻomohala ʻo ia i kāna telescope ponoʻī, e hiki ai ke nānā i nā mea ma ka lani he 30 manawa ʻoi aku ka nui. Me kēia mea hana, ʻike ʻo ia i:

* Nā mahina o Iupika
** ʻIke ʻo ia i ʻehā mahina
** Kapa ʻia lākou ʻo nā Medicean Stars
** I kēia lā, kapa ʻia lākou ʻo nā Galilean moons

* Nā kukuna o Saturna
** ʻIke mua ʻo ia i nā kukuna
** ʻAʻole maopopo loa iā ia ke ʻano o nā kukuna
** Ma hope, hoʻomaopopo ʻia e Christiaan Huygens

* Nā phases o Venusa
** Hōʻoia kēia i ka heliocentrism
** Hōʻike i ke poʻo like ʻana me ka mahina
** He mea nui kēia no ka hoʻohiō ʻana i ka manaʻo geocentric

* Nā kinohi ma luna o ka Mahina
** Hōʻike i ka ʻole o ka hemolele o ka lani
** Kākau ʻo ia i ka puke *Sidereus Nuncius*
** Kaha kiʻi ʻo ia i nā kinohi a pau āna i ʻike ai

### Ka physics
Hana ʻo Galileo i nā hoʻāʻo nui e pili ana i:

* Ka gravity
** Ka hāʻule like ʻana o nā mea kaumaha like ʻole
** Ka hoʻāʻo kaulana ma ka Hale Hoʻokolokolo o Pisa
** Ka hōʻole ʻana i ka manaʻo o Aristotle

* Ka neʻe ʻana o nā mea
** Ke principle of inertia
** Ka acceleration
** Ka projectile motion
** Nā lawa o ka mechanics

* Ka pendulum
** Ka synchronicity
** Ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pendulum no ka ana manawa
** Ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka horologe

* Ka relativity
** Ka principle o ka relativity
** Ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka relative motion
** Ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka physics modern

### Nā hana ʻē aʻe
Hana pū ʻo Galileo i:
* Ka thermoscope (ka mea ana wela mua)
* Ka military compass
* Kekahi microscope compound
* Ka water lifting machine

## Ka hoʻopaʻi ʻia ʻana
### Ke kūʻē ʻana i ka Hale Pule
Ma ka makahiki 1633, hoʻopaʻi ʻia ʻo Galileo e ka Catholic Church no kona kākoʻo ʻana i ka manaʻo heliocentrism a Copernicus, ka manaʻo e kū ana ka Lā ma ka waena o ka solar system. 

### Ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana
* Koi ʻia ʻo ia e hōʻole i kāna mau manaʻo
* Hoʻopaʻi ʻia ʻo ia e noho paʻa ma kona hale
* Pāpā ʻia ka paʻi hou ʻana i kāna mau puke
* ʻAʻole hiki ke kamaʻilio me nā mea ʻepekema ʻē aʻe

### Ka noho paʻa ʻana
Noho paʻa ʻo ia ma kona hale ma Arcetri no nā makahiki hope o kona ola. I kēia manawa:
* Hoʻomau ʻo ia i kāna hana ʻepekema
* Kākau ʻo ia i kāna puke hope loa
* Mākaʻikaʻi ʻia e kekahi mau hoa ʻepekema koʻikoʻi
* Makapo ʻo ia i nā makahiki hope

## Ka hopena
Make ʻo Galileo ma Arcetri, kokoke i Florence, ma ka makahiki 1642. Ua lilo kāna hana i mea nui no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻepekema modern a me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ko kākou honua.

### Kona hoʻoilina
* Hoʻololi ʻo ia i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻepekema
* Hoʻokumu ʻo ia i ka physics experimental
* Hoʻomaka ʻo ia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mathematics i ka physics
* Kākoʻo ʻo ia i ka scientific method

### Ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ʻana
* Nā kikowaena ʻepekema he nui i kapa ʻia ma kona inoa
* Ka Galileo space mission i Iupika
* Nā telescope nui ma ka honua
* Nā makana ʻepekema i kapa ʻia nona

## Nā puke koʻikoʻi
* *Sidereus Nuncius* (1610)
* *Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems* (1632)
* *Two New Sciences* (1638)

Māhele:Poʻe ʻepekema
Māhele:Poʻe Ikālia