Hoverboard

ʻO kahi hoverboard (a i ʻole papa hover) he papa levitating i hoʻohana ʻia no ka lawe pilikino. Ma muli o ka hōʻike mua ʻia ʻana i loko o ka science-fiction, ua hoʻāʻo ʻia nā mea he nui e hana i kahi hoverboard e holo nei, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia he mea hiki ke hana. 

## I ka moʻoʻōlelo
 
Ua wehewehe mua ʻia ʻo Hoverboards e ka mea kākau M. K. Joseph ma kahi puke moʻolelo ʻepekema 1967, a hoʻolaha ʻia e ka Back to the Future film franchise. I loko o nā makahiki 1990 aia he mau lono, i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka luna ʻo Robert Zemeckis, he ʻoiaʻiʻo nā hoverboards, akā ʻaʻole kūʻai ʻia no ka mea ua manaʻo ʻia he weliweli loa lākou e nā hui a nā mākua. Ua hoʻopau hewa ʻia kēia mau lono.

## Nā Prototypes
Ua huki ʻia kekahi mau ʻoihana ma ka ʻenehana hovercraft "air-cushion vehicle" ʻenehana e hoʻāʻo e hana i nā huahana like hoverboard akā ʻaʻohe mea i hōʻike i nā ʻike like i nā ʻano levitation i hōʻike ʻia i nā kiʻi ʻepekema fiction.

I nā makahiki 1950, hana ka mokulele ʻo Hiller i ka "Flying Platform" i like ia me ka manaʻo o kēia wā o ka hoverboard. 

Ua hōʻike ʻia ka kaʻa mokulele mokulele Airboard i ka 2000 Summer Olympics Opening Ceremony ma Sydney, i hana ʻia a kūʻai ʻia e Arbortech Industries Limited. Ua wehe ʻia ka Series II ma 2007.

Ua hoʻolaha ʻia nā lono ma 2001 i ka mea hou a Dean Kamen i haku hou ai, codenamed Ginger, kahi mea lawe kaʻa e like me ka hoverboard. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo Ginger ka Segway Human Transporter, kahi scooter uila huila ʻelua mau huila ponoʻī.

I ka 2004, ua kūkulu ʻo Jamie Hyneman a me kāna hui i kahi hovercraft hana no MythBusters, i kapa ʻia ʻo Hyneman Hoverboard, mai kahi papa heʻe nalu a me ka lau. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa ka hoverboard a Jamie.

I ka makahiki 2005, ua hana ʻo Jason Bradbury i kahi "hoverboard" no The Gadget Show, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi papa lāʻau i kiʻi ʻia e ka leafblower. ʻAʻole i hoʻolalelale ʻia ka hoʻolālā kumu a ʻaʻole hoʻi e hoʻokele ʻia. I ka makahiki 2009, ua hana ʻia kahi mana ʻelua i hoʻoulu ʻia / alakaʻi ʻia e kahi ʻenekini mokulele liʻiliʻi (ma mua o ka peʻahi e like me ka moku lewa), a he ʻelua (ʻoi aku ka ikaika) nā leafblowers.

I ka makahiki 2011, ua hoʻokumu ka mea pena Palani ʻo Nils Guadagnin i kahi papa hoʻokele e lana ai i ka repulsion ʻume mākenēki ma waena ona a me kāna kumu akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hāpai i kahi ukana. Aia i loko o ka papa kahi ʻōnaehana laser e hōʻoia i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, ma kahi o kahi ʻōnaehana electromagnetic e hiki ai i ka levitation ke hiki.

I ʻOkakopa 2011, ua hōʻike ka Université Paris Diderot ma Palani i ka "Mag surf", kahi mea hana superconducting i hoʻonui ʻia he 3 knm (1.2 in) ma luna o ʻelua mau magnetized repulsing rails papahele a hiki ke lawe i 100 kg (220 lb). 

Ma Malaki 2014, ua ʻōlelo ʻia kahi hui i kapa ʻia ʻo HUVr ua hoʻomohala i ka ʻenehana no nā hoverboards, a ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia i kahi wikiō e hoʻolaha ana i ka huahana ma YouTube e hōʻike nei iā Christopher Lloyd, Tony Hawk, Moby, Terrell Owens, a me kekahi poʻe e holo ana i nā hoverboard ma o kahi kaʻahua kaʻa ma Los Angeles. ʻO nā hopena kūleʻa kūikawā e like me ka hoʻopau ʻole ʻana o ka lawe ʻana i ka uea i ʻike maopopo ʻia i ka wikiō ma ke ʻano he hoax a hoʻomākeʻaka paha, i ʻike ʻia ma ka Pūnaewele Nūhou a Die paha ma o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka mea hana keaka a me nā kuhikuhi lehulehu i ka papahana. Ua hoʻokau ʻo Fun a Die paha i kahi wikiō e hōʻike nei iā Christopher Lloyd "e kala aku ana" no ka hoax.

I ʻOkakopa 2014, ua hōʻike ka mea ʻenekua ʻAmelika ʻo Greg Henderson i kahi prototype hoverboard e hana nei i kahi kumu levitation magnet. E like me nā kaʻaahi maglev, koi ka hoverboard i kahi o nā hao hao ʻaʻole ferromagnetic e like me ke keleawe a me ke alumini e hana, e lawe ana i 140 kg (300 lb) ʻoiai e kau ana ma luna o 2.5 cm (1 i) ma luna o ka ʻili. Ua hoʻohana ʻehā mau ʻenekini i ka mana o ka levitation ʻume mākenēki, me ke koho o ka hoʻokau ʻana a me ka wili i ka papa ma lalo o ka hoʻomalu o nā mea hoʻohana. Ua hoʻolahalaha ʻia ka prototype ma kahi hoʻokūkū ma Kickstarter ka lā o ka nūhou e hoʻolaha ʻia ana, me ke kumukūʻai he $ 10,000 no nā papa he ʻumi. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo The New York Times ʻoiai ua hana ka papa, ʻaʻohe hoihoi o Greg Henderson i ka skateboarding a ʻo ka Kickstarter he "ʻano hoʻolaha lehulehu," i hoʻolālā ʻia e kāhea i ka ʻike i kāna hui Kaleponi ʻo Arx Pax Labs, Inc. , ʻO Magnetic Field Architecture (MFA), kahi a Henderson i makemake nui ai e hoʻohana no nā noi ʻē aʻe, ma ke ʻano he ʻano maglev pilikia e hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā hale mai ka honua e pale aku iā lākou mai nā ōlaʻi a me nā kahawai. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo Henderson e ʻōlelo ana, "ʻO ia ke kumu a mākou i koho ai i ka hoverboard: e hopu i kēlā ʻike. Inā ʻike kekahi o 10 mau poʻe aia kekahi hoʻohana hou no kēia mea, e kūleʻa nui kēlā." ʻO Henderson a me kāna hui i kēia manawa ke hoʻomohala nei i ka ʻōnaehana kūkulu SAFE, kahi ala kūpono e kūkulu ai i nā kahawai a me nā wahi kai. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia e lana nā hale, nā alanui, a me nā pono hana i kekahi mau kapuaʻi o ka wai.

I Mei, 2015, hoʻolaha ʻo Guinness World Records ua hoʻokumu ka mea mea hana Kanada Kanada ʻo Cătălin Alexandru Duru i kahi moʻolelo hou no ka huakaʻi hele mau ʻana ma ke ʻano he pailaka hoʻokele ma kahi hoverboard mana kūʻokoʻa, e holo ana ma kahi o 275.9 m (302 yd) i ke kiʻekiʻe. a i 5 m (16 ft) ma luna o Lake Ouareau ma ka moku ʻo Quebec, Kanada. Hāʻawi ʻia ke wikiō o ka lele e alakaʻi ana i kahi splash-down i kāohi ʻia. Ua hoʻolālā a kūkulu ʻo Duru i ka hoverboard iā ia iho i loko o hoʻokahi makahiki. Hoʻokumu ʻia kona hāpai e nā propellers, a hoʻokele ka pailaka i ka hana me kona mau wāwae.

Ma ka 24 Iune 2015, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻo Lexus i kahi wikiō ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o kā lākou papahana "Kupaianaha i ka Motion" e hōʻike ana i kahi hoverboard maoli a lākou i hoʻomohala ai, ʻo Slide. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia e Lexus ua hana ka papa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā superconductors cooled-nitrogen-cooled a me nā mākēneki paʻa. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka papa e neʻe ana ma luna o kahi papa skateboard pōhaku ʻike ʻia e nānā ʻia, a alakaʻi ʻia i kekahi kanalua. Ma hope ua ʻae ʻo Lexus e hana wale ia ma nā papa kila kūikawā a ʻaʻole wale ka papa i hōʻike ʻia. Ma ʻAukake 4, 2015, ua hōʻike ʻo Lexus i nā mea huna a pau o ka Slide hoverboard me kahi hoʻolaha hoʻolaha, i paʻi ʻia ma Barcelona a me Ross McGouran, kahi mea pena kiʻi ma London. Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻo Lexus i kahi mau wikiō e wehewehe ana i ka ʻenehana a me ka ʻenehana holoʻokoʻa, ka noiʻi ʻana, a me ke kaʻina hoʻomohala i ka hui pū ʻana me kāna mau hoa hana āpau.

Ma ka lā 24 o Kekemapa 2015, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ARCA Space Corporation ua hoʻomohala ʻo ia i kahi hoverboard i kapa ʻia ʻo ArcaBoard, a hiki i nā paukū ke hāʻawi i ka ikehu lawa no ʻeono mau minuke o ke kau ʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe a 30 mau kenimika (12 in). Loaʻa iā ia nā motika uila 36 e mana ai nā mea pā 36.

I ʻApelila 2016, ua lele ka jet jet Flyboard Air hoverboard, i lele ʻia e ka mea haku ʻo Franky Zapata i haki ka Guinness World Record no ka lele loa e hoverboard, e lele ana 2,252.4 mika (2,463.3 yd).

I ka mahina ʻo Iulai 2019, ua lele ʻo Franky Zapata i ka lele hou ʻo Flyboard Air "kaʻa lele pilikino pilikino", i kapa ʻia ʻo EZ-Fly, i ka wā o ka lā Bastille e hoʻolauleʻa ai ma Palani. Ma ka lā 4 ʻAukake 2019, ua kūleʻa ʻo Zapata i ke keʻa i ka English Channel me kāna hāmeʻa. ʻO ka hoʻāʻo mua ma ka 25 Iulai i kūleʻa ʻole, akā i ka hoʻāʻo ʻelua, alakaʻi ʻia e nā helikopter ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi waihona wahie backpack, ua hoʻokō ʻo ia i ka huakaʻi he 35-kilomita (22 mi) ma kahi o 20 mau minuke, e like me ke kū ʻana o ka wahie ma ka kiko waena. Ua hōʻea ʻo Zapata i ka wikiwiki o 180 km / h (110 mph) a mālama i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 15 mau mika (50 ft).

Ua loaʻa i kā Zapata hui, Z-AIR, he $ 1.3m hāʻawi kālā hāʻawi mai ka pūʻali koa Palani i Kekemapa 2018. Eia naʻe, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ʻaʻole kūpono ka papa lele no ka hoʻohana pūʻali koa ma muli o ka walaʻau e hana ai a me ka ʻaʻa o ke aʻo ʻana pehea e lele ai i ka hāmeʻa.

I ka lā 22 o Malaki 2023, ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻonohonoho ʻia e ka hānau Farani i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo Damien Dolata i kona helu mua o ka papa lele i kapa ʻia ʻo Ripulse ma luna o YouTube. Ma kēia manawa, hiki i kēia papa lele ke hoʻokō i ke kāne me ke kumu ʻekolu ʻumi o ka pani e kiʻi ana i luna o ka lepo. Ua hana ʻia he 4 holo hoʻokū mākina hōʻāua e hana ana i kahi punahele Foucault ma loko o ka lepo kāwili.https://kulturegeek.fr/news-279613/ripulse-inventeur-francais-met-point-veritable-hoverboard-repulsion-magnetiquehttps://www.bfmtv.com/amp/marseille/replay-emissions/bonjour-marseille/un-reve-de-gosse-a-carry-le-rouet-damien-a-cree-son-propre-hoverboard_VN-202305100168.htmlhttps://hackaday.com/2023/05/22/hoverboard-rides-on-eddy-currents/?fbclid=IwAR0kZF4O743T5eKLnZ-mDrMBNLb0nVzpR7W7vHfyBNbi_pfJNkR4040MI88

## Nā moʻolelo Guinness
Hoʻomaopopo ʻo Guinness World Records i kahi hoverboard ma ke ʻano he levitator pilikino mana ponoʻī.

I Mei 2015, ua hoʻokumu ka mea mea hana Kanada Kanada hānau ʻo Cătălin Alexandru Duru i kahi Guinness World Record ma ka huakaʻi ʻana i kahi mamao o 275.9 m (302 yd) ma kahi kiʻekiʻe a 5 m (16 ft) ma luna o kahi loko, ma kahi hoverboard mana mana o kāna hoʻolālā ponoʻī.

Ma ʻApelila 30, 2016, ua hoʻomaopopo ʻo Guinness World Records i kahi moʻolelo hou o 2,252.4 m (2,463.3 yd). Ua holo ka mana o ka Flyboard Air e ka ʻenekini jet jet, a ua hoʻohana ʻia ia Franky Zapata, ma Sausset-les-Pins, Palani e paʻi i ka moʻolelo mua ma kahi o 2 km (2,200 yd).

## I ka moʻomeheu kaulana

### E hoʻi i ka wā e hiki mai ana
Back to the Future franchise: Ua holo ʻo Marty McFly (Michael J. Fox) i kahi Mattel hoverboard ma Back to the Future Part II (1989), e pakele ai iā Griff Tannen a me kāna hui i ka makahiki 2015. Ma hope, e nānā hou ʻo Marty McFly i ka 1955 a E hoʻohana i ka hoverboard e ʻaihue i ka puke Grey Sports Almanac mai Biff Tannen, e pale aku iā ia mai ka lawe ʻana i Hill Valley.

I ka ʻĀpana III (1990), i ka makahiki 1885, holo ʻo Doc Brown i ka hoverboard e hoʻopakele iā Clara mai ka hāʻule ʻana mai ka loiloi.

I loko o ka Doc Brown Mālama i ka Honua, ua hōʻike ʻo Doc ua holoi ʻo ia i ka noho ʻana o ka hoverboard a me nā mea hou ʻē aʻe mai ka 2015 i hōʻike ʻia i loko o ke kaʻina i kā lākou hāʻawi ʻana i ke kaulahao o nā hanana i hoʻopau ʻia ma Griff Tannen e hoʻomaka nei i kahi nukelea holocaust.

I kahi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni pōkole i kapa ʻia ʻo Hoverboard (2011), nānā ke kaikamahine i ka ʻĀpana II a hana i kahi hoverboard nona ponoʻī.

I Back i ka wā e hiki mai ana: Ke Pāʻani, hoʻohana ʻo Marty i kahi hoverboard e kōkua iā Doc e hopu iā Edna Strickland, kekahi o nā kolohe nui o ka pāʻani a hoʻihoʻi iā ia i 1931.

#### Nā ʻē aʻe

* I ka 1986 The Transformers: The Movie, aia kahi hiʻohiʻona kahi e holo ai ʻo Daniel Witwicky i kahi hoverboard.
* I ka 1998 kiʻi Futuresport, hoʻohana ʻia kahi hoverboard e ko Dean Kain ʻano.
* I ka Warframe Fortuna Expansion, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia kahi ʻano kaʻa hou i kapa ʻia ʻo K-Drive. Hana pololei kēia kaʻa e like me ka hoverboard.
* i loko o ka podcast 2018 ʻEono Minuke, ke ʻano nui o Holiday he hoʻokahi
* I ka 2006 Sonic the Hedgehog video game Sonic Riders, hoʻohana nā huapalapala i nā hoverboard i hoʻololi ʻia ma ke ʻano he kaʻa heihei.
* I ka pāʻani wikiō 1999 TrickStyle, hoʻohana nā mea i nā hoverboard ma ke ʻano he kaʻa heihei.
* I ka 2011 Malaysian Animated Cartoon, Boboiboy, nā huaʻōlelo i kapa ʻia ʻo Boboiboy Cyclone e holo ana i kahi Cyclone Hoverboard