Island Conservation

**Island Conservation** (Mālama Mokupuni) he a hui waiwai ʻole me ka misionari e pale aku i ka luku ʻia ma ka lawe ʻana ʻano invasive mai na mokupuni mai. No laila, ua kālele ʻo Island Conservation i kāna mau hana ma nā mokupuni me nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole Pilikia Loa a Pilikia i ka Ka Papa Ulaula o IUCN.  Ke hana pū nei me nā kaiāulu kūloko, nā keʻena hoʻokele aupuni, a me nā hui mālama mālama, hoʻomohala ʻo Island Conservation i nā hoʻolālā a hoʻokō i ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā ʻano ʻano malihini. a alakaʻi i ka noiʻi kahua e palapala i nā pono o ka hana a me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā papahana e hiki mai ana.

Ke hōʻike ʻia nei ke ʻano o ka Island Conservation i kēia manawa he hopena maikaʻi loa i nā ʻōnaehana kai e puni ana i kāna mau wahi papahana. Eia hou, ua hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka vertebrate invasive i kēia manawa he nui nā pono ma waho o ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻano. Ma keʻano kikoʻī, ua ʻike ʻia ke ala e pili ana me 13 UN Nā Pahuhopu Hoʻomohala Hoʻomau a me 42 mau pahuhopu pili e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i ke kai a me ka honua, ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā hui kūloko a me ka honua, hoʻomohala waiwai, ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau, ke ola kino kanaka a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka hana hoʻomau a me ka ʻai.

I kēia lā, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻo Island Conservation i nā hui no ka mālama ʻana i 1,195 heluna kanaka o 487 mau ʻano a me nā ʻano subspecies ma nā mokupuni he 64.

ʻAʻole me ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻole ka hana o ka Island Conservation, Ua kākau ʻia kēia ma ka puke Kaua ma ka hopena o Edena. Pono ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i nā mokupuni e hoʻoneʻe i ka heluna kanaka holoʻokoʻa o kahi ʻano invasive. Aia kekahi nīnau e pili ana inā he kuleana ko ke kanaka e wehe i hoʻokahi ʻano e hoʻopakele i nā mea ʻē aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi 2019 inā e hoʻopau ʻia nā holoholona invasive ma nā mokupuni 169 wale nō, e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka manaʻolana ola o 9.4% o nā vertebrates insular terrestrial weliweli loa o ka Honua.

## Moolelo

Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Island Conservation e Bernie Tershy lāua ʻo Don Croll, nā kumu ʻelua ma ʻO UCSC Luʻu Kai Hana Hana. Ua aʻo kēia poʻe ʻepekema i ka moʻolelo o Clipperton Mokupuni ka mea i kipa ʻia e ka ornithologist Ken Stager o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Los Angeles County i ka makahiki 1958. Pīhoihoi i nā hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kipa ʻia e puaa hihiu maluna o ka moku ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula a huna huna nā kolone (e hoʻemi ʻia i 500 a me 150 manu, kēlā me kēia), ua kūʻai ʻo Stager i kahi pū pana a wehe i nā puaʻa he 58. Ma ka makahiki 2003, he 25,000 mau boobies brown a me 112,000 boobies masked, ka lua o ka nui loa o ka honua booby booby colony a me ka nui loa o ka honua booby booby colony.

ʻO ka hapa nui o ka hui mua e hana ana ma Mekikoka me kāna hui kaikuahine, ʻo Grupo de Ecología y Conservación de Islas, ma ka Kaiwa o Kaleponi a ma waho o ka Pākīpika. Ma hope mai, ua hoʻonui ʻo Island Conservation i kona ʻāpana ʻāina i ka Ka Mokupuni o Kaleponi, Kai Pākīpika o Kanada, Na Aleutians, Ko Hawaii Pae Aina, a hiki i ka Pākīpika, Karipiana, a ʻAmelika Hema.

He kahua ʻepekema ikaika ko Island Conservation. ʻOi aku ma mua o 160 mau puke i nānā ʻia e nā hoa ma nā nūpepa nui e like me Koolaola, Koolaola mālama a Nā hana o ka National Academy of Science ua kākau ʻia a i kākau pū ʻia paha e nā limahana a me nā mea hana ʻaelike Island Conservation.

## Huihui

No ka mea, ʻaʻohe kuleana hoʻokele ʻo Island Conservation ma luna o nā mokupuni ponoʻī, ua hui pū nā papahana āpau me ka mea nona ka mokupuni/luna, nā mea hoʻohana mokupuni, nā kaiāulu kūloko a me nā mana hoʻoponopono. Mai kona hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana ma 1994, ua hoʻomohala ka hui i nā hui me nā hui 100. Loaʻa i nā hoa hana nā hui mālama, nā keʻena aupuni, nā keʻena hoʻoponopono, nā ʻepekema ʻepekema, a me nā conservtium conservation honua. ʻO ka Island Conservation kekahi lālā o ka Hui Pū ʻIa no ka mālama ʻana i ke ʻano (IUCN), Alliance for Zero Extinction, a he Memorandum of Understanding me ka ʻOihana iʻa a me nā holoholona hihiu o ʻAmelika, a BirdLife International, iwaena o na mea e ae.

## ʻAha Kūkākūkā

Ka Papa Kūkākūkā o ka hui ua haku ʻia e nā ʻepekema koʻikoʻi, nā loea, a me nā mea kākau i nā ʻano o ka biology conservation a me nā ʻano invasive e komo pū ana. Paul Ehrlich, José Sarukhán Kermez, Russell Mittermeier, Harold Mooney, David Quammen, Peter Raven, Michael Soulé, a Edward O. Wilson.

## Nā papahana

### ʻAmelika ʻĀkau

Ma kēia māhele, ke hana nei ʻo Island Conservation i kēia manawa ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a Kanaka. Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ka Mokupuni ʻo Anacapa Pāhana Hoʻihoʻi ua hoʻopau ʻia i ka makahiki 2002 a ua pōmaikaʻi i ka ʻO kā Scripps murrelet, ʻO ka ʻaukeke a Cassin, a me Anacapa Deer Mouse. Ua hoʻopau ʻia ka papahana hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka mokupuni ʻo Lehua i ka makahiki 2006 i pōmaikaʻi ʻO Newell's shearwater a albatross wāwae ʻeleʻele. Ma hope mai, ua hoʻopau ʻia nā papahana Hawadax Mokupuni Pāhana Hoʻihoʻi i ka makahiki 2008, ka Papahana Mokupuni o San Nicolas i ka makahiki 2010, a me ka Mokupuni ʻo Palmyra Pāhana Hoʻihoʻi i ka makahiki 2011.

ʻO nā hui aupuni federal nui ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau i loko o ka Keena Kalaiaina o Amerika, USFWS, NPS, ka Oihana Mahiai-APHIS, Kikowaena Noiʻi Ola Ola, NOAA, Pāka Canada Agency, a Kaiapuni a me ka Hoololi Climate Canada. Ke hana nei ʻo Island Conservation me nā hui ʻole aupuni: ʻAhahui mālama kai (CA), Manu Kanaka Kanaka, Ka mālama manu ʻAmelika, Ka Nature Conservancy, a me Grupo de Ecología y Conservación de Islas.

### Pākīpika

Mai ka makahiki 2010, ua kōkua ʻo Island Conservation i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā papahana hoʻihoʻi mokupuni ma Nuhōlani (Mokupuni Lord Howe[36] a Nolepoka ʻAilana), Polenekia Farani (Tetiꞌaroa Papahana Hoʻihoʻi hou ma 2022, Papahana Hoʻihoʻi ʻia ʻo Acteon-Gambier Archipelago i ka makahiki 2015), Tonga (Mokupuni Late a me nā mokupuni liʻiliʻi he nui), Repubalika o Palau (me loko o ka Nā Mokupuni Pōhaku Lagoon Hema Wahi Hoʻoilina honua), Nā Mokuʻāina Hoʻohui ʻia o Maikonesia (Ulithi Lagoon), a Nu Kaledonia (Walpole Island). He lālā ikaika ʻo Island Conservation o ka Pacific Invasives Partnership. ʻO nā hui nui ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka Invasive Species Council, BirdLife International, ʻOihana Hoʻomalu o Aotearoa, SPREP a me ka Ahahui Ornithological o French Polynesia.

### Karipiana

Ma kēia māhele, hana nui ka Island Conservation ma Pokoliko, ʻO ka Commonwealth of The Bahamas, a me ka Lepubalika Dominika. I Mei 2012, Island Conservation a me ka Bahamas National Trust hana pū i ka wehe ʻana i nā ʻiole hale invasive mai Allen Cay no ka pale ʻana i nā ʻano ʻōiwi me ka ʻO Allen Cays rock iguana a Audubon's shearwater. Mai ka makahiki 2008, ʻo ka Island Conservation a me ka ʻOihana iʻa a me nā holoholona hihiu o ʻAmelika (USFWS) ua hana pū e wehe i nā vertebrates invasive mai Desecheo Puʻuhonua ʻĀhiuʻi Lahui ma Puerto Rico, ka mea nui e pōmaikaʻi i ka ʻO Higo Chumbo cactus, ʻekolu mau mea kolo hope, ʻelua mau ʻāʻī ʻāʻī hope, a e hoʻihoʻi hou i nā kolone manu kai nui o ka honua. ʻeleʻele boobies, ʻulaʻula wāwae wāwae, a kaulahao terns. E kālele ana ka hana i ka wā e hiki mai ana i nā heluna manu kai nui, nā pūʻulu reptile koʻikoʻi e komo pū ana me West Indian Rock Iguanas, a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o Mokupuni o Mona, ʻO Alto Velo, a me nā moku kahakai ma ka Panakō Puerto Rican a me ka Bahamas. ʻO nā pilina koʻikoʻi ka USFWS, Puerto Rico DNER, ka Bahamas National Trust, a me ka Dominican Republic Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources.

### ʻAmelika Hema

Ma kēia māhele, hana nui ka Island Conservation ma ʻEkuakola a Kili. Ma Ekuador, ka Rábida Mokupuni Ua hoʻopau ʻia ka papahana hoʻihoʻi hou i ka makahiki 2010. ʻO kahi moʻo (Phyllodactylus sp.) i ʻike ʻia i ka wā o ka nānā ʻana i ka hopena o 2012 i hoʻopaʻa ʻia mai nā subfossils i manaʻo ʻia ma mua o 5,700 mau makahiki. Ua hōʻiliʻili pū ʻia nā snails ʻāina endemic Island Rábida (Bulimulus (Naesiotus) rabidensis), ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia mai ka wā i hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma mua o 100 mau makahiki aku nei, i ka hopena o 2012. Ua ukali ʻia kēia ma 2012 e ka Pinzon a ʻO Plaza Sur Island Hoʻihoʻi hou Project primarily benefiting the Pinzón honu pilikua, Opuntia galapageia, Galápagos land iguana. Ma muli o ka papahana, ʻo Pinzon Giant Tortoise mai nā hua manu a ola i ka nahele no ka manawa mua ma mua o 150 mau makahiki.  I ka makahiki 2019, ua hoʻohana ka Luna Hoʻokele o Galápagos National Park me Island Conservation i nā drones e hoʻopau i nā ʻiole invasive mai. Mokupuni Seymour Akau - ʻo ia ka manawa mua i hoʻohana ʻia ai kēlā ʻano hana i nā vertebrates i ka nahele. ʻO ka manaʻolana ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻolalelale ai i ke ala no ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā ʻano mea invasive i ka wā e hiki mai ana ma nā mokupuni liʻiliʻi a waena.[53] ʻO ka manaʻo o kēia manawa ma ʻEkuador Floreana Mokupuni me 55 IUCN ʻano hoʻoweliweli i kēia manawa a me 13 mau mea i hoʻopau ʻia i hiki ke hoʻokomo hou ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻopau ʻia ʻana o nā mammal invasive. Aia nā hoa pili: ʻO Leona M. lāua ʻo Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust, Ke Kuhina o ke Kaiapuni (Galápagos National Park Directorate, Galápagos Biosecurity Agency), ke Kuhina o ka Mahiai, Floreana Parish Council a me Galapagos Government Council.

I ka makahiki 2009, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Island Conservation i ka hui like ʻana me CONAF, ke keʻena o nā wahi palekana o ka ʻāina, e hoʻihoʻi hou i nā mokupuni ma lalo o kā lākou hoʻokele. I Ianuali 2014, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka papahana hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka mokupuni ʻo Choros me ka pōmaikaʻi o ka penguin Humboldt, ʻaila luʻu Peruvian, a me ka ʻoihana kaiapuni kūloko. ʻO ka manaʻo o ka hana e hiki mai ana ka Humboldt Penguin National Reserve a me ka ʻO ka pae ʻāina ʻo Juan Fernández.

### Hoʻohou Hoʻomalu

Mai kona mau lā mua loa, ua haʻaheo ʻo Island Conservation i ka hana hou ʻana i kāna mau mea hana a me ka hoʻokokoke ʻana i nā papahana hoʻopau. Ua hoʻokō ʻo Island Conservation i kāna hoʻopau ʻana i ka hoʻolaha lewa e pili ana i ka helikopter ma ka mokupuni ʻo Anacapa i ka makahiki 2001 hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻenehana i kūkulu ʻia ma New Zealand no ka mahiʻai a me ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā pest, ua hana hou ʻia kēia ma mua o 10 mau papahana hoʻihoʻi moku honua mai ka wā mai. Ua hoʻomohala ʻo Island Conservation i nā hana no ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana i nā ʻano mea maoli no ka hoʻokuʻu hou ʻana a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā pōʻino i nā ʻano ʻano, me ka lanakila ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā ʻiole hopena ma Anacapa a me nā hawks ma Pinzon.

I ka makahiki 2010, ua hui pū ʻo Island Conservation me ka US Humane Society e wehe i nā pōpoki feral mai ka mokupuni ʻo San Nicolas.  no ka neʻe ʻana i kahi kapu ma ka ʻāina nui o Kaleponi. ʻO nā mea hana hou e pili ana i kahi ʻōnaehana kiaʻi pahele mamao, ʻōnaehana hōʻiliʻili ʻikepili kikohoʻe, a me nā mea hana kākoʻo hoʻoholo helu hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kanaka o nā ʻano hana hoʻoneʻe, hoʻemi i ke kumukūʻai o ka papahana, a hoʻemi i ka manawa e haʻi aku ai i ka kūleʻa.

Ma hope o ke ʻano o nā hoʻāʻo hoʻopau ʻole ʻia i ka makahiki 2012, ua alakaʻi ʻo Island Conservation i kahi pūʻulu o nā loea honua e ʻike i nā pilikia ma nā mokupuni ʻoluʻolu. ka hopena i nā hana ʻōlelo paipai no ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā rodent tropical. Ke hoʻohana nei i kēia mau haʻawina ma hope o ka hoʻāʻo ʻole ʻana ma ka mokupuni ʻo Desecheo 2017 i hopena i ka kūleʻa.

Ua alakaʻi ʻo Island Conservation i kahi horizon scan ma 2015 ka mea i ʻike i nā drones, genetic biocontrol, a me ka hoʻololi hakakā ʻana ma ke ʻano he mea koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi e hoʻonui ai i ka pālākiō, ākea, a me ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā rodent. Mai kēia hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Island Conservation i ka hui Genetic Biocontrol for Invasive Rodents (GBIRd) e ʻimi makaʻala i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻenehana genetic palekana a me ka pono. no ka pale ʻana i ka pau ʻana, kākoʻo ʻia i nā ala e alakaʻi ʻia e ke kaiāulu i nā papahana mālama, a hoʻokō i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka ʻiole i hoʻohana ʻia i ka drone. ʻO ka manaʻo nui o ka papahana Conservation Innovation i kēia manawa, ʻo ia ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ala e hoʻonui ai i ka palekana, hoʻemi i ke kumukūʻai, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hiki ke hoʻopau i nā vertebrates invasive mai nā mokupuni.

## nā kuhikuhi

## Nā loulou waho
* IslandConservation.org
* Grupo de Ecología y Conservación de Islas (GECI)
* Database of Island Invasive Species Eradications (DIISE)
* Threatened Island Biodiversity database (TIB)
* Genetic Biocontrol for Invasive Rodents (GBIRd)