Silicon Valley

**Silicon Valley** he wahi ia ma Kaleponi ʻĀkau, kahi e noho ai nā ʻoihana ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻolālā hou. Aia kēia wahi ma ka hema o ka Kapalakiko, a pili pono i ka Santa Clara.

## Mōʻaukala

Ua hoʻomaka ke kumu o Silicon Valley ma ka makahiki 1939, i ka wā i hoʻokumu ai ʻo William Hewlett lāua ʻo David Packard i ka hui Hewlett-Packard ma kahi kapakai ma Palo Alto. Ma ka makahiki 1956, hoʻomaka ʻo William Shockley i ka Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory ma Mountain View, ka hui mua loa o ka ʻenehana semiconductor ma kēia wahi.

Ma ka makahiki 1971, ua kapa mua ʻia kēia wahi ʻo "Silicon Valley" e Don Hoefler, he mea kākau nuhou no ka nūpepa *Electronic News*. Ua koho ʻia ka inoa "Silicon" no ka mea he nui nā hui e hana ana i nā silicon semiconductors.

### Ka Wā Home Computer

Ma ka makahiki 1976, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Steve Jobs lāua ʻo Steve Wozniak i ka hui Apple Inc. ma ke kapakai o Jobs ma Cupertino. Ua hana lāua i ka Apple I, ka mīkini computer mua i kūʻai ʻia no $666.66. Ua hui pū lāua ma ka Homebrew Computer Club, kahi i hui ai nā kānaka hoihoi i ka hana computer. Ma ka makahiki 1977, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka Apple II, ka mīkini computer mua me ke kiʻi aniani kālā.

### Nā Hui ʻEnehana Koʻikoʻi

Ua kōkua nui ka hui Xerox PARC i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻenehana computer. Ma Palo Alto, ua hana ka poʻe PARC i nā mea hou e like me ka graphical user interface, ka mouse computer, ka Ethernet, a me ka printer laser. I ka makahiki 1979, ua kipa ʻo Steve Jobs iā PARC a ʻike i ka graphical user interface. Ma hope, ua hoʻohana ʻo Apple i kēia manaʻo no ka Macintosh i ka makahiki 1984.

### Nā Hui Hou

I nā makahiki 1990, ua ulu nui ka pūnaewele. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā hui hou e like me Yahoo!, eBay, a me Google ma Silicon Valley. Ma ka makahiki 2004, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Mark Zuckerberg i ka Facebook (i kēia manawa, ʻo Meta Platforms) ma Menlo Park. I kēia mau lā, he nui nā hui startup e hoʻāʻo nei e hoʻololi i ka honua me nā manaʻo hou.

## Nā Hui Nui

Aia ma Silicon Valley kekahi mau hui ʻenehana nui loa o ka honua, e like me:

* Apple Inc.
* Google
* Meta Platforms (Facebook)
* Intel
* Nvidia
* Adobe Inc.

## Ke Kula Nui ʻo Stanford

He kuleana koʻikoʻi ko Ke Kula Nui ʻo Stanford i ka ulu ʻana o Silicon Valley. Na Frederick Terman, ke poʻo o ka papa ʻenekinia ma Stanford, i kōkua i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka Stanford Industrial Park (i kēia manawa, ʻo Stanford Research Park) i ka makahiki 1951, kahi i hoʻomaka ai nā hui ʻenehana he nui.

## Nā Kūlanakauhale Nui

Eia nā kūlanakauhale koʻikoʻi o Silicon Valley:

* San Jose
* Palo Alto
* Mountain View
* Cupertino
* Santa Clara
* Sunnyvale

## Ka Waiwai

He waiwai nui ko Silicon Valley. Ma ka makahiki 2023, aia ma kēia wahi ka 41 pākēneka o nā kālā venture capital a pau o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Aia hoʻi ma kēia wahi ka nui loa o nā mea hana ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā uku ma Silicon Valley ma mua o nā wahi ʻē aʻe a pau ma ka honua no nā hana ʻenehana.

## Nā Pilikia

ʻOiai he waiwai nui ko Silicon Valley, aia nō hoʻi kekahi mau pilikia koʻikoʻi. Ua kiʻekiʻe loa ke kumukūʻai o nā hale, no laila, he pilikia nui kēia no ka poʻe hana maʻamau. Eia hoʻi, ua ulu aʻe ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o ka poʻe waiwai a me ka poʻe ʻilihune. He pilikia hou aku, ʻo ia ka liʻiliʻi o ka heluna o nā wahine a me nā kānaka ʻili ʻeleʻele ma nā kūlana luna o nā hui ʻenehana.

## Ma Nā Pāʻani Kiʻiʻoniʻoni

He nui nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me nā polokalamu TV e pili ana iā Silicon Valley:

### Nā Kiʻiʻoniʻoni

Ua hana ʻia kekahi mau kiʻiʻoniʻoni e pili ana i ka moʻolelo o Silicon Valley. Ma ka makahiki 1985, ua hana ʻia *[[A View to a Kill]]*, he kiʻiʻoniʻoni James Bond kahi i pale ai ʻo Bond i ka hoʻopau ʻana iā Silicon Valley. Ma ka makahiki 1996, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia *[[Triumph of the Nerds]]*, he kīwī moʻolelo e pili ana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻoihana computer. Ma ka makahiki 1999, ua hana ʻia *[[Pirates of Silicon Valley]]*, he kiʻiʻoniʻoni e pili ana i ka moʻolelo o Apple Inc. a me Microsoft.

Ma nā makahiki 2010, ua hana ʻia *[[The Social Network]]* (2010) e pili ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o Facebook, *[[Jobs]]* (2013) no ke ola o Steve Jobs, a me *[[Steve Jobs (2015 kiʻioniʻoni) | Steve Jobs]]* (2015), he kiʻiʻoniʻoni hou aku e pili ana i ka luna o Apple.

### Nā Polokalamu TV

Ua hana ʻia kekahi mau polokalamu TV kaulana e pili ana i Silicon Valley. ʻO *[[Silicon Valley]]* (2014-2019) ka mea kaulana loa, he comedy series mai HBO mai e pili ana i nā startup. Ua hana ʻia *[[The Dropout]]* (2022), he moʻolelo e pili ana i ka pilikia o Theranos, a me *[[Super Pumped]]* (2022) e pili ana i ka moʻolelo o Uber.

Aia hoʻi kekahi mau polokalamu ʻē aʻe e like me *[[Halt and Catch Fire]]* (2014-2017), *[[Valley of the Boom]]* (2019), a me *[[Devs]]* (2020). Mai Kōlea Hema mai, ua hana ʻia *[[Start-Up]]* (2020), he moʻolelo e pili ana i ʻekolu mea hoʻolālā artificial intelligence e hana ana ma Silicon Valley.

## Nā Kūmole


## Nā Loulou I Waho
* Silicon Valley News
* Computer History Museum

## E nānā pū
* Kaleponi
* Mokupuni ʻo San Francisco
* Ke Kula Nui ʻo Stanford

Māhele:ʻEnehana
Māhele:Kaleponi
Māhele:Silicon Valley