Solarpunk

**Solarpunk** he manaʻo paʻahana moʻokalaleo a noʻeau, manaʻo moʻomeheu, a me ka manaʻo noʻonoʻo e kūkulu ana i kekahi ʻano ao hoʻomau e hui pū ana i ke kaiapuni a me ke kaiāulu. Pili pū ia me ka paʻahana hopepunk. ʻO ka "solar" e hōʻike ana i ka ikehu lā ma ke ʻano he kumu ikehu hoʻomau a me ka manaʻolana no ke ao hou e kūʻē ana i ka manaʻo ʻano doomer no ke aniau, a ʻo ka "punk" e pili ana i ka hana "do it yourself" a me nā ʻano kūʻē moʻomeheu, post-kapitala, a kekahi manawa hoʻomohala ʻōiwi ma ke kūkulu ʻana i ia ao hou.

## Mōʻaukala

Ua hoʻopuka ʻia ka huaʻōlelo "solarpunk" i ka makahiki 2008 ma kekahi blog Pelekāne i kapa ʻia ʻo "From Steampunk to Solarpunk", kahi i hoʻolauna ai ka mea kākau i kekahi manaʻo paʻahana hou i hoʻoulu ʻia mai ka nānā ʻana i ka mokuahi MS ''Beluga Skysails'', ka mokuahi mua o ka honua i hoʻohana ʻia i kekahi kaula lupe i hoʻokele ʻia e ke kamepiula. Ma ka makahiki 2009, ua kākau ʻo Matt Staggs i kekahi "GreenPunk Manifesto" e wehewehe ana i kona manaʻo no kekahi paʻahana technophilic e kālele ana i nā ʻenehana "do it yourself" me ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻololi ʻikepili maikaʻi a me ke kaiapuni. I ka makahiki 2014, ua hoʻolaha ʻo Olivia Louise i kekahi mau kiʻi ma Tumblr e hōʻike ana i ka ʻāina kiʻi (aesthetics) Solarpunk, a ma hope iho, ua kōkua ʻo Adam Flynn i ka wehewehe ʻana i kēia paʻahana ma ka forum Project Hieroglyph. Ma muli o nā manaʻo a Flynn ma ka paena solarpunks.net, ua paʻi ʻia *A Solarpunk Manifesto* ma ka makahiki 2019.

Ma ke ʻano he paʻahana moʻokalaleo, ua hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā hana mua o Solarpunk ma nā puke e like me *[[Songs from the Stars]]* na Norman Spinrad, *[[Always Coming Home]]* (1985) a me *[[The Dispossessed]]* (1974) na Ursula K. Le Guin, *[[Ecotopia]]* (1975) na Ernest Callenbach, *[[Pacific Edge]]* (1990) na Kim Stanley Robinson, a me *[[The Fifth Sacred Thing]]* (1993) na Starhawk.

Ua paʻi ʻia kekahi puke kikoʻī mua loa no Solarpunk i ka makahiki 2012, ʻo ia hoʻi ka puke *Solarpunk: Histórias ecológicas e fantásticas em um mundo sustentável* ma ka ʻōlelo Pakelika, i hoʻoponopono ʻia e Gerson Lodi-Ribeiro. Ma 2018, ua paʻi ʻia *Glass and Gardens: Solarpunk Summers* i hoʻoponopono ʻia e Sarena Ulibarri, kekahi huinaʻike moʻolelo pōkole Solarpunk mua loa ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekānia. Ma 2021, ua paʻi ʻia e Becky Chambers ka novella *[[A Psalm for the Wild-Built]]* a me *[[A Prayer for the Crown-Shy]]* (2022), nā puke Solarpunk i hoʻolaha nui ʻia.

## Nā Hiʻohiʻona a me ka Noʻonoʻo Hoʻokele

ʻOiai ʻaʻohe manaʻo politika kikoʻī ko Solarpunk, he mau hiʻohiʻona a me nā manaʻo nui ia e lawe ana:

* Hoʻohana i ka ikehu lā a me nā ʻenehana ikehu hoʻomau ʻē aʻe.
* Hoʻohui i ka ʻenehana i loko o ke kaiapuni, ʻaʻole ma luna o ia.
* Ka hilinaʻi ʻana i ka prefigurative politics - ka hana ʻana i nā wahi e hiki ke hoʻāʻo ai i nā manaʻo o ke kaiāulu ma ka honua maoli.
* Kūʻē i ke kāohi ʻōiwi, ke kūʻai nui ʻole, a me ka hana waiwai kapikala.
* Mahiʻai kūlohelohe, mahikō hoʻomau, a me ka meakanu kūlanakauhale.
* Nā kumu waiwai kaiāulu e like me nā hale waihona mea hana a me nā wahi hana hou.
* Hoʻohui i nā kumuwaiwai e like me ka wai, ka makani, a me ka ʻāina.
* Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pilina ma waena o kānaka a me ke kaiapuni.
* Ke kākoʻo ʻana i ka lōkahi o ke kaiāulu, ke kaulike waiwai, a me ka hoʻokaʻawale mana.
* Nā manaʻo o ka noʻonoʻo maikaʻi a me ka noʻonoʻo nui.
* Ka loiloi ʻana i nā pilikia o kēia manawa e like me ka hoʻokaʻawale kaiāulu a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻili.
* Ka manaʻo ʻana i kekahi ʻano ao ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ʻaʻole ʻo ka hopena o ke ao.

He kūʻē kikoʻī ko Solarpunk iā Cyberpunk, ʻoiai ke hōʻike nei nā mea ʻelua i nā moʻomeheu kūʻē ma hope o ka hoʻolakolako waiwai, akā ʻokoʻa ko lāua ala. Hoʻokumu ʻo Solarpunk i ke kūʻē ʻana ma ka hōʻike ʻana i nā pilina socioecological loina kaiapuni, ʻoiai ke hoʻomau nei ʻo Cyberpunk i ke kūʻē ma o nā ʻāina hope, nā wahi helu, a me nā kaiapuni kūlanakauhale pilikia.

## Ka Solarpunk i loko o ka Noʻeau a me ka ʻĀina Kiʻi

Aia nā hiʻohiʻona o Solarpunk i loko o ka hana noʻeau like ʻole, me nā puke, nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, nā pāʻani, a me nā mele. ʻO kekahi mau laʻana o nā hana Solarpunk:

### Nā puke a me nā moʻolelo

; **' (2023) : He puke moʻolelo hoʻonanea i kākau ʻia e Romina Garber.

; **' (2017) : He huinaʻike moʻolelo pōkole i hoʻoponopono ʻia e Phoebe Wagner a me Brontë Christopher Wieland.

; *[[A Psalm for the Wild-Built]]* (2021) a me *[[A Prayer for the Crown-Shy]]* (2022) : Nā novella i kākau ʻia e Becky Chambers e hōʻike ana i ke kanaka non-binary i loko o kekahi ao post-robot maikaʻi.

; *[[A Diary in the Age of Water]]* : He moʻolelo Solarpunk i kākau ʻia e Nina Munteanu e hoʻohui ana i nā mea o ka mundane science fiction.

; *[[Wings of Renewal: A Solarpunk Dragons Anthology]]* (2015) : He huinaʻike moʻolelo pōkole Solarpunk.

### Nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni a me nā pāʻani

ʻO kekahi mau kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, e like me *[[Princess Mononoke]]*, *[[Castle in the Sky]]*, a me *[[Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind]]* i hana ʻia e Studio Ghibli a me Hayao Miyazaki, ua ʻike ʻia he mau laʻana mua o Solarpunk no ko lākou mau ʻano o ka pilina ma waena o kānaka a me ke kaiapuni.

Aia pū kekahi mau laʻana ma nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻAmelika e like me *[[WALL-E]]* (2008), *[[Avatar]]*, a me *[[Strange World]]* (2022).

Ua ʻike ʻia pū nā hiʻohiʻona Solarpunk ma nā pāʻani like ʻole e like me ** (hoʻonui Green Cities), *[[Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon Breakpoint]]* (Auroa), *[[Numenera]]*, *[[Solarpunk 2050]]*, a me *[[Fully Automated!]]*.

### ʻĀina Kiʻi (Aesthetics)

ʻO ka ʻāina kiʻi Solarpunk, hoʻohana ia i nā waihoʻoluʻu kūlohelohe, nā mea ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka polū ʻālohilohi, a me nā manaʻo mai nā moʻomeheu like ʻole. Pili pū ia i nā ʻano o Art Nouveau a me nā kūkulu pono a Frank Lloyd Wright. ʻOkoʻa loa kēia i ka ʻāina kiʻi Cyberpunk eleʻele a pouli.

Nā laʻana o ka ʻāina kiʻi Solarpunk ma ka honua maoli:

* Bosco Verticale ma Milan, he hale kiʻekiʻe mua loa o ka honua e hana ana i ka ʻōkikene.
* Ka ʻāina Wakanda ma ka kiʻi ʻoniʻoni *[[Black Panther]]*.
* Singapore Botanic Gardens, kekahi o ʻekolu wale nō māla e kū nei ma ke ʻano he wahi hoʻoilina honua UNESCO.
* Nā kūkulu Neo-Andean ma Bolivia i hana ʻia e Freddy Mamani.
* Earthships, he laʻana o ke kūkulu hale kūlohelohe.

## Solarpunk a me nā Kumuhana Kaiāulu

### ʻEnehana Kūlohelohe

He mea koʻikoʻi i ka Solarpunk ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻenehana i loko o ke kaiāulu ma kekahi ʻano e hoʻonui ana i ka hoʻomau kaiāulu, waiwai, a me ke kaiapuni. He kūʻē koʻikoʻi kēia i ka Cyberpunk, ʻoiai ke hōʻike nei ia i nā ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe i hiki ʻole ke hoʻomaikaʻi i nā pilikia, a i ʻole hoʻonui i nā pilikia kaiāulu, waiwai, a me ke kaiapuni.

ʻOiai ʻo Cyberpunk e hōʻike ana i ke kanaka e hoʻomāwaeʻole ʻia mai ke kaiapuni kūlohelohe a i hoʻopau ʻia e ka ʻenehana, hoʻohālike ʻo Solarpunk i nā ao kahi e hiki ai i ka ʻenehana ke hoʻokōkua i ke kanaka e noho pū maikaʻi me kona kaiapuni.

Pili ʻo Solarpunk iā Steampunk ma mua o Cyberpunk. Manaʻo nā ʻano paʻahana ʻelua (Solarpunk a me Steampunk) i nā ao hou akā me nā kumu ikehu ʻokoʻa; ʻo ia hoʻi, nā mīkini mahu a me ka ikehu hoʻomau. Eia naʻe, ʻoiai ke kālele nei ʻo Steampunk i ka mōʻaukala a hoʻohana i ka ʻāina kiʻi o ka wā Victorian, hoʻohana ʻo Solarpunk i ke ʻano Art Nouveau a nānā i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

### Ka Manaʻo "Do-It-Yourself"

ʻOiai ua pili ʻo Solarpunk i ka ʻenehana, lawe pū ia i nā ala haʻahaʻa-ʻenehana e noho kūlohelohe ai, e like me ke kanu māla, ke kanu hoʻomau, ke kūkulu hoʻomau, nā hale waihona mea hana, nā wahi hana hou, ka pūnaewele wehe, ka noʻonoʻo maikaʻi, ka noʻonoʻo nui, a me ka manaʻo "do-it-yourself". Hiki ke noʻonoʻo i nā manaʻo kaiapuni e like me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻālohilohi a me ka ecology kaiāulu, a me nā manaʻo punk e like me ka ʻanariki, ka kaiāulu waiwai, ke kūʻai nui ʻole, ka kūʻē-aliʻi, ka kūʻē-kapikala, nā pono kīwila, ka hoʻolilo kaiāulu, a me ka hoʻokaʻawale mana.

### Kaulike ʻĪ a me Kāne-Wahine

Pinepine ʻo Solarpunk i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā kumuhana o ke kaulike ʻili a me ke kaulike kāne-wahine, e lawe ana i kēia kumuhana mai nā hana utopia mua. ʻO ka puke ʻo *[[Woman on the Edge of Time]]* (1976) na Marge Piercy, ua noiʻi ia i nā kuleana ʻohana a ua hoʻolauna i ka papani "per". ʻO ka puke ʻo *[[The Left Hand of Darkness]]* (1969) na Ursula K. Le Guin, ua hoʻokomo i ka wai kāne-wahine. ʻO kāna puke ʻo *[[The Dispossessed]]* ua holoʻi i ke kaupaona hoʻokahi koina. Ua hoʻokomo ka moʻolelo Solarpunk ʻo *[[A Psalm for the Wild-Built]]* (2021) na Becky Chambers i kekahi mea nui o ka moʻolelo i non-binary.

## Solarpunk i ka Honua Maoli

Aia kekahi mau laʻana o nā papahana a me nā wahi Solarpunk ma ka honua maoli:

### Nā kūlanakauhale a me nā wahi kaiāulu

* Nā kūlanakauhale e like me Copenhagen, Danimaka, a me Freiburg, Kelemānia, kahi e kākoʻo nui ʻia ai ka kaʻa paikikala a me ka hoʻohana ikehu lā.
* Nā kahua kikowaena mālāki ma Barcelona, Kepania, nā wahi kūlanakauhale i hoʻololi ʻia i nā māla kaiāulu.
* Nā kaiāulu hoʻomau eco-kaiāulu e like me Auroville ma ʻIndia a me Arcosanti ma ʻAlikona.
* Nā papahana mahiʻai kūlanakauhale ma nā kūlanakauhale e like me Detroit, Mikikana a me Havana, Kupa.

### Nā Hale a me ke Kūkulu

* Bosco Verticale ma Milan, ʻĪtalia, ka hale kiʻekiʻe mua loa o ka honua i hana i ka oxygen-positive ma 2014.
* Earthships, nā hale kūlohelohe i kūkulu ʻia mai nā mea hoʻohana hou ʻia e like me nā kini, nā kaila wāwae, a me nā pāhū.
* Nā hale Singapore Botanic Gardens, kekahi o ʻekolu wale nō māla e kū nei ma ke ʻano he wahi hoʻoilina honua UNESCO.
* Nā kūkulu Neo-Andean ma Bolivia i hana ʻia e Freddy Mamani, ka i hoʻihoʻi maikaʻi i nā ʻano kūkulu kuʻuna i hoʻokāohi ʻia ma kekahi ʻano kūikawā a kūlohelohe.

### Nā Nāʻana a me nā Papahana Waihona

* Open Source Ecology, he papahana e kūkulu ana i nā mea hana malama ʻia e ka lehulehu no ke kaiāulu kūlohelohe.
* Nā papahana hoʻohihiu hou e hoʻihoʻi ana i nā kaiapuni kūlohelohe me ke kuleana kanaka.
* Nā hale waihona mea hana a me nā wahi hana hou e kākoʻo ana i ka noʻonoʻo kaʻawale a loaʻa i ka lehulehu.
* Nā papahana hoʻolilo kaiāulu e like me nā mea hana kaiaulu, nā kahua kanu like, a me nā papa ʻaha "free store".

## E nānā pū

* Hoʻomau
* Ikehu Hoʻomau
* Mahiʻai Kūlohelohe
* Ikehu Lā
* Cyberpunk
* Paʻahana Manaʻo Hoʻonanea

Māhele:Paʻahana Manaʻo Hoʻonanea
Māhele:Kākau Kūlohelohe
Māhele:Ikehu Hoʻomau
Māhele:Moʻomeheu Ponoʻī